History of Fayette County : together with historic notes on the Northwest, and the State of Ohio, gleaned from early authors, old maps and manuscripts, private and official correspondence, and all other authentic sources

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3 1833 03016 9095

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Dills, R.S-

History o-f Fayette Co.,
together with historic notes

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u^ HISTORY

FAYETTE COUNTY,

TOGETHER WITH

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HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST,

THE STATE OF OHIO.

GLEANED FROM EARLY AUTHORS, OLD MAPS AND MANUSCRIPTS,

PRIVATE AND OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE, AND

ALL OTHER AUTHENTIC SOURCES.

By R. S. DILLS.

ILLUSTRATED.

1881.
ODELL & MAYER, PUBLISHERS,

DAYTON, OHIO;

J. W. Johnson, Printer, Dayton, O.

PREFACE.

1136492

Of all studies which engage the leisure moments of our minds, that of history is
certainly entitled to pre-eminence in the direction of intellectual recreation and prac-
tical utility. To the curious it affords satisfaction, and in the domestic circle it v?ields
a beneficial influence not attainable from any other source. If time were chronicled
by events, centuries might pass in a single age.

It has been the aim of the author of this work to compress the records and oral
traditions of those events into a reasonable compass, to narrate them in a connected
and lucid order, and to furnish a memorial, instructive, interesting, and useful to co-
temporaries, and to future generations. To every class of readers a work of this na-
ture commends itself ; to those especially who have witnessed and participated in the
rise, progress, and consummation of the incidents and scenes herein reviewed, will it
be a souvenir of inestimable value.

In the prosecution of its compilation, he desires to acknowledge his obligations to
Mrs. M. V. Ustick, the gifted secretary of the Crusade, for her excellent article on the
same. Also, Mi. M. Herbert, for his exhaustive history of the Press and Banks of
Fayette.

To Judge Daniel McLean, he feels deeply indebted for invaluable contributions of
pioneer history from the abundant store of his memory, and the uniform courtesy and
genial welcome, with which his investigations have ever been encouraged. To scores
of others also, from whom he has drawn valuable information, he returns thanks.

In arranging the materials which lie scattered through immense masses of public
records, old documents, and periodical publications, the author has aspired to correct-
ness of detail, and minute discrimination between valuable historical facts, and highly
colored fancies of the imagination.

Few persons have a proper conception of the labor, research, and perplexities attend-
ant upon the resurrection of moldy facts and ethereal traditions, which have so long
slept in the matrix of obscurity, and collating the heterogenous mass into a systematic
history ; therefore, should trifling errors appear, it is to be hoped that they will not
be attributed to carelessness ; for in many cases there is greatly conflicting testimony
bearing upon the same point. But the historian receives no credit if he spend months
upon a single date, and is censured if he makes a single error. In so far as possible
these errors have been corrected in errata ; (see page 1040).

3

iv ■ PREFACE.

Much valuable matter having been contributed too late for its projier place, has
been put in addenda, on page 1029.

It must be taken into consideration, also, that this work differs very materially
from a book which has taken years of patient labor to produce, whose author has
written, rewritten, revised, and corrected, until it comes out in perfect form. In this
book, the facts for its composition were gathered by different persons, and the colloca-
tion has been necessarily hurried, because of the limited time allowed for its comple-
tion. Had years of study been devoted to its composition, the language used would,
in many cases, have been greatly improved. We hope, therefore, that the public will
take a charitable view of these extenuating circumstances.

E. S. DILLS.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

CHAPTER I.

Page.
Topography — The Great Lakes, and the Country of the Northwest Territory 11

CHAPTER II.

Joliet and Marquette's Voyage — They leave Mackinaw May 17, 1673 — They pro-
ceed, by way of Green Bay and the Wisconsin, as far as the mouth of the
Arkansas — Return by way of the Illinois and Chicago Creek — Father Mar-
quette's journal, descriptive of the journey and the country through which
they traveled — Biographical sketches of Marquette and Joliet 16

CHAPTER III.

La Salle's voyage — Biographical sketch of La Salle — His concessions and titles
of nobility — Preparations for his explorations — Sketch of Father Hennepin
and the merit of his writings — La Salle reaches the Niagara River in Decem-
ber, 1678, builds the ship Griffin, and proceeds up Lake Erie, and reaches
Mackinaw in August, 1679 26

CHAPTER IV.

La Salle's voyage continued — Mackinaw the headquarters of the Indian trade —
The Griffin starts back to Niagara River with a cargo of furs, and is lost
upon the lake — La Salle resumes his voyage in birch canoes, south along the
west shore of Lake Michigan, and around its southern extremity to the mouth
of the St. Joseph, where he erects Fort Miamis 33

CHAPTER V.

The several rivers called the Miamis — La Salle's route down the Illinois — The
Kankakee Marshes — The French and Indian names of the Kankakee and Des
Plaines — The Illinois — "Fort Crevecceur" — La Salle goes back to Canada —
Destruction of his fortsby deserters — His return to Fort Miamis, and the
successful prosecution of his exploration to the mouth of the Mississippi —
The whole valley of the great river taken possession of in the name of the
king of France ., 42

5

VI CONTfiNfS.

CHAPTER VI.

i'age.
The Miamis — The Miami, Piankeshaw, and Wea bands — They are kindred to the
Illinois, originally from the west of the Mississippi— Their superiority and
their military disposition— Their subdivisions and various names — Their
trade and difficulties with the French and the English — Their migrations —
They are upon the Maumee and Wabash — Their villages — From their posi-
tion between the French and English they puffer at the hands of both — They
defeat the Iroquois — They trade with the English, and incur the anger of the
French — Their bravery — Their decline — Destructive effects of intemperance
— Cession of their lands in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio — Their removal west-
ward, and present condition 57

CHAPTER VII.

The Shawnees and Delawares — Originally east of the Alleghany Mountains —
Are subdued and driven out by the Iroquois — Marquette finds the Shawnees
on the Tennessee in 1673 — At one time in Florida — In 1744 they are in Ohio
— They war on the American settlements — Their villages on the Big and Lit-
tle Miamis, the St. Marys, the Auglaize, Maumee, and Wabash — The Dela-
wares— Made women of by the Iroquois — Their country on White River, In-
diana, and eastward, defined — Become friendly to the United States after
Wayne's victory at Maumee Rapids, in 1794 — They, with the Shawnees, sent
west of the Mississippi — They furnish soldiers in the war for the Union —
Adopting ways of the white people 72

CHAPTER VIII.

The Indians — Their implements, utensils, fortifications, mounds, manners, and

customs 81

CHAPTER IX.

The war for the fur trade — Former abundance of wild animals and water fowl in
the Northwest — The buffalo ; their range, their numbers, and final disappear-
ance— Value of the fur trade ; its importance to Canada — The coureurs de hois ;
their food and peculiarities — Goods for Indian trade — The distant parts to
which the fur trade was carried, and the manner in which it was conducted
— Competition between French and English for control of the fur trade — It
results in broils — French traders killed on the Vermillion — The French and
Indians attack Fort Pickawillany — War 95

CHAPTER X.

The war for the empire — English claims to the Northwest — Deeds from the Iro-
quois to a large part of the country — Military expeditions of Major Grant,
Mons. Aubry, and M. de Ligneris — Aubry attempts to retake Fort Du Quesne
— His expedition up the Wabash — Goes to the relief of Fort Niagara — Is
defeated by Sir William Johnson — The fall of Quebec and Montreal — Sur-
render of the Northwest to Great Britain — The territory west of the Missis-
sippi ceded to Spain 150

CONTENTS. Vn

CHAPTEK XI.

Page.
General Clark's conquest of the Illinois — The Revolutionary War — Indian depre-
dations upon the settlements of Kentucky — The savages are supplied with
arms and ammunition from the English posts at Detroit, Vincennes, and
Kaskaskia — General Clark applies to Governor Henry, of Virginia, for aid
in an enterprise to capture Kaskaskia and Vincennes— Sketch of General
Clark — His manuscript memoir of his march to the Illinois — He captures
Kaskaskia — The surrender of Vincennes — He treats with the Indians, who
agree to quit their warfare on the Big Knife — Governor Hamilton, of De-
troit, recaptures Vincennes — Clark's march to Vincennes — He retakes Vin-
cennes, and makes the English forces prisoners of war— Captain Helm sur-
prises a convoy of English boats at the mouth of the Vermillion River— Or-
ganization of the Northwest Territory into Illinois County of Virginia-
Clark holds the Northwest until the conclusion of the Revolutionary War —
For this reason only it became a part of the United States 116

CHAPTER XII.

The title of Virginia, and her deed of cession — Probable number and character-
istics of the population in 1787 — Organization of the Ohio Land Company —
The first settlement under the ordinance of 1787 — Survey and grants of the
public lands — Treaties made with the Indians — First officers of the Territory
— The second grade of Territorial government — Early laws of the Territory
Local courts and court officers — Organization of counties — Early Territorial
villages and towns — Territorial officers — The Indian tribes of the Upper
Ohio — Titles to Ohio — By whom held — When and how acquired and relin-
quished— Early time white men in Ohio — The earliest English military ex-
peditions on Lake Erie — Moravian missionary stations — Subsequent military
movements upon Ohio soil — Colonel Bradstreet's expedition — Colonel Bou-
quet's expedition — An act of the British Parliament — Colonel McDonald's
expedition — Lord Dunmore's war — Organization of Illinois County — Expe-
dition of Ganeral Mcintosh — Erection of Fort Laurens, in 1778 — General
Daniel Broadhead's expedition— Colonel Archibald Lochry's expedition —
Colonel Williamson's expedition — Colonel Crawford's Sandusky campaign —
General George Rogers Clark's expedition^Colonel Logan's expedition —
First treaties establishing boundaries — The first white child born in Ohio-
Organization of the second grade of Territorial government — Members of
the Territorial Legislature of 1799-1800— First Council and House of Rep-
resentatives 130

CHAPTER XIII.
Admission of Ohio into the Union— Political History — Early laws of Ohio 183

Vill CONTENTS,

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUKTY.

INTRODUCTION.

Page.
POLITICAL AND MITITARY HISTORY.

Virginia — Virginia military survey — Early sptllements of the Ohio Valley —
Early surveying, and surveyors — First survey in Fayette County — Numbering
of surveys — First settlement upon the Virginia reservation — Capture of An-
drew Ellison — Life in the woods 191

INDIAN WARS.

From their origin to the Treaty of Greenville with incidents 219

MISCELLANEOUS.

Organization and Boundary 238

The Pioneer 240

Early Settlers 242.

Old settlers 255

Prominent Physicians 258

HABITS AND CUSTOMS OF THE PIONEERS.

Defenses — Health — Weddings — Settling a young couiile — Putting up the house —
House warming — Military debts — Thefts — Characteristics — Disputes — Mor-
ality—Tattling 260

ORIGINAL TOWNSHIPS.

Original Townships 271

PRESENT TOWNSHIPS.
Date of organization and boundary 273

MILLS AND MILLING.

Block and Pestle — Corn Cracker... •. 279

MISCELLANEOUS.

Taverns -... 283

Race of John Edgington • 286

War of 1812 , 286

Batteal Harrison at Fort Meigs • 292

Josiah Hunt .' 294

Effects of the war of 1812 297

The Old Muster 299

Sharp Shins or CutMoney 303

Pioneer Girls 305

Corn Husking • 307

CONTENTS. ' IX

Game and Hunters 308

The Old School House 312

Early Mails 314

Pigeon Roosts 315

Judiciary — Courts and Court Houses — First Court House — New Court House —

Jails 316

County Infirmary — Carder Infirmary 325

Peter Carder 330

Counterfeiting 331

The Funk Fight 334

The first man sent to the penitentiary 338

Execution of William G. W. Smith, with a sketch of his life 341

Sanitary — Milk Sickness — Symptoms — Treatment 350

Drainage 353

Stock Sales — Horsetrading...: 356

The first Railroad..... 359

Geology of Fayette County — Paving-stones of Washington 361

Fayette County in the Rebellion..; 383

Fayette County in the Legislature.... 447

Fayette County officials 451

UNION TOWNSHIP.

Early Settlers — Washington — Early Business — Tanneries — Blacksmiths — General
features — Old times — The pioneer house — Council proceedings — Fire En-
gine— Township reminiscences — Churches — Schools — Secret organizations —

The crusade — The press — Woolen machines 458

Biographical 583

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. *

Early settlement — Official — Churches — Secret societies — Industrial and Commer-
cial--Railroads — Roads — Miscellaneous — Schools — .TefFersonville 638

Biographical 669

JASPER TOWNSHIP.

Early settlers — Schools — Churches — Towns — Post offices, etc., 708

Biographical 725

CONCORD TOWNSHIP.

Early settlement— Churches — Schools — Incidents — Mills — Staunton 737

Biographical 745

GREEN TOWNSHIP.

Early settlement — Schools — Churches — Buena Vista— Officers — Distilleries —

Thievis — Incidents, etc 763

Biographical 773

CONTENTS.

PEREY TOWNSHIP.

Early — settlements — Churches — Blacksmiths — Mills — Stores — Sunday-schools —

Martinsburg — Secret Societies — Nursery— Officers 776

Biographical 794

WAYNE TOWNSHIP.

Early .settlement — Taverns — Indian reminiscences — Good Hope — Churches —

Rock Mills ' 826

Biographical 842

MARION TOWNSHIP.

Early settelment — Churches — Sabbath-schools — Schools; — Mills — Official, etc 877

Biographical 894

MADISON TOWNSHIP.

Early settlement — Churches— Schools — Secret organizations — Stores — Mills, etc... 916
Biographical 934

PAINT TOWNSHIP.

Early settlement — Incidents^Educational — Churches — Secret organizations In —
the war with Garfield — Bloomingbury — Slavery — The liquor question —

Towns 971

Biographical 993

Summary 1024

ADDENDA.

Union Township 1027

Jeffierson Township 1034

Jasper Township 1035

Concord Township 1036

Errata 1039

3 1833 03016 9095

HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

CHAPTER I.

TOPOGRAPHY.

The reader will have a better understanding of the manner in
\/hieh the territory, herein treated of, was discovered and snbse-
quentlv occupied, if reference is made, in the outset, to some of its
more important topographical featui-es.

Indeed, it would be an nnsatisfaetory task to try to follow the
routes of early travel, or to undertake to pursue the devions wand-
erings of the aboriginal tribes, or trace the advance of civilized so-
ciety into a country, without some preliminary knowledge of its
topography.

Looking upon a map of Korth America, it is observed that west-
ward of the Alleghany Mountains the waters are divided into two
great masses; the one composed of waters flowing into the great
northern lakes, is, by the river St. Lawrence, carried into the Atlantic
Ocean; the other, collected by a multitude of streams spread out
like a vast net over the surface of more than twenty states and sev-
eral territories, is gathered at last into the Mississippi River, and
thence discharged into the Gulf of Mexico.

As it was by the St. Lawrence River, and the great lakes con-
nected with it, that the northwest territory was discovered, and for
many years its trade mainly carried on, a more minute notice of this
remarkable water communication will not be out of place., Jacques
Cartier, a French navigator, having sailed from St. Malo, entered, on
the 10th of August, 1535, the Gulf which he liad explored the year
before', and named it the St. Lawrence, in memory of the holy martyr
whose feast is celebrated on that day. This name was subsequently
extended to the river. Previous to this it was called the River of
Canada, the name given l)y the Lidians to the whole country. The
drainage of the St. Lawrence and the lakes extends through four-
teen degrees of longitude, and covers a distance of over two thousand

12 HISTORTO NOTRR ON THE NORTHWEST

miles. Ascending this river, we behold it flanked with bold crags
and sloping hillsides; its current hesetAvith rapids and studded with
a thousand islands; combining scenery of marvelous beauty and
grandeur. Seven hundred and fifty miles above its mouth, the chan-
nel deepens and the shores recede into an expanse of water known
as Lake Ontario.

Passing westward on Lake Ontario one hundred and eighty miles
a second river is reached. A few miles above its entry into the lake,
the river is thrown over a ledge of rock into a yawning chasm, one
hundred and fifty feet below ; and, amid the deafening noise and
clouds of vapor escaping from the agitated waters is seen the great
Falls of Niagara. At Buttalo, twenty-one miles above the falls, the
shores of Niagara River recede and a second great inl and sea is formed,
having an average breadth of forty miles and a length of two hun-
dred and forty miles. This is Lake Erie. The name has been
variously spelt, — Earie, Herie, Erige and Erike. It has also borne the
nameof Conti. Father Hennepin says: " The Ilurons call it Lake
Erige, or Erike, that is to say, the Lake of the Cat, and the inhab-
itants of Canada have softened the word to Erie;" vide "A New Dis-
covery of a vast Country in America.'' p. 77 ; Xondon edition, 1698.

Hennepin's derivation is substantially followed by the more
accurate and accomplished historian. Father Charlevoix, who, at a
later period, in 1721, in writing of this lake uses the following words :
" The name it bears is that of an Indian nation of the Huron lan-
guage, which was formerly settled on its banks and who have been
entirely destroyed by the Iroquois. Erie in that language signifies
cat, and in some accounts this nation is called the cat nation." He
adds : " Some modern maps have given Lake Erie the name of Conti,
but with no better success than the names of Conde, Tracy and
Orleans which have been given to Lakes Huron, Superior and Mich-
igan."

At the upper end of Lake Erie, to the southward, is Maumee Bay,
of which more hereafter; to the northward the shores of the lake
again approach each other and form a channel known as the River
Detroit, a French word signifying a straight or narrow passage.
Northward some twenty miles, and above the city of Detroit, the
river widens into a small body of water called Lake St, Clair. The
name as now written is incorrect : " we should either retain the French
form, Claire, or take the English Clare. It received its name in honor
of the founder of the Franciscan nuns, from the fact that La Salle
reached it on the day consecrated to her." Northward some twelve

THE LAKES. 13

miles across this lake the laiul again encroaches upon and contracts
tlie waters within another narrow bound known as the Strait of St.
Clair. Passing up this strait, northward about forty miles, Lake
Huron is reached. It is two hundred and fifty miles long and one
hundred and ninety miles wide, including Georgian Bay on the east,
and its whole area is computed to be about twenty-one thousand
square miles. Its magnitude fully justified its early name. La Mer-
douce, the Fresh Sea, on account of its extreme vastness. . The more
popular name of Huron, wliich has survived all others, was given to
it from the great Huron nation of Indians who formerly inhabited
the country lying to the eastward of it. Indeed, many of the early
French writers call it Lac des Hurous, that is. Lake of the Hurons. It
is so laid down on the maps of Hennepin, La Hontan, Charlevoix
and Colden in the volumes before quoted.

Going northward, leaving the Straits of Mackinaw, through which
Lake Michigan discharges itself from the west, and the chain of
Manitoulin Islands to the eastward, yet another river, the connecting
link between Lake Huron and Superior, is reached. Its current is
swift, and a mile below Lake Superior are the Falls, where the water
leaps and tumbles down a channel obstructed by boulders and shoals,
where, from time immemorial, the Indians of various tribes have
"resorted on account of the abundance of fish and the ease with
which they are taken. Previous to the year 1670 the river was called
the Sault, that is, the rapids, or falls. In this year Fathers Marquette
and Dablon founded here the mission of " St. Marie du Sault " (St.
Mary of the Falls), from which the modern name of the river, St.
Mary's, is derived. Kecently the United States have perfected the
ship canal cut in solid rock, around the falls, through which the
largest vessels can now pass, from the one lake to the other.

Lake Superior, in its greatest length, is three hundred and sixty
miles, with a maximum breadth of one hundred and forty, the
largest of the five great American lakes, and the most extensive
body of fresh water on the globe. Its form has been poetically and
not inaccurately described by a Jesuit Father, Avhose account of it
is preserved in the Relations for the years 1669 and 1670 : " This
lake has almost the form of a bended bow,iind in length is more than
180 leagues. The southern shore is as it were the cord, the arrow be-
ing a long strip of land [Keweenaw Point] issuing from the southern
coast and running more than 80 leagues to the middle of the lake."
A glance on tlie map will show the aptness of the comparison. The
name Superior was given to it by the Jesuit Fathei's, "in conse-

14 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NOllTHWEST.

quel ice of its being above that of Lake Huron. It was also called
Lake Tracy, after Marquis De Tracy, Avho was governor-general of
Canada from 1663 to 1665. Father Claude Allouez, in his " Journal
of Travels to the Country of the Ottawas," preserved in the Rela-
tions for the 3'ears -1666, 1667, says: "After passing through the
St. Mary's River we entered the upper lake, which will hereafter
bear the name of Monsieur Tracy, an acknowledgment of the obli-
gation under which the people of this country are to him." The
good father, however, was mistaken ; the name Tracy only apjjears
on a few ancient maps, or is perpetuated in rare volumes that record
the almost forgotten labors of the zealous Catholic missionaries;
while the earlier name of Lake " Superior " is familiar to every school-
boy who has thumbed an atlas.

At the western exti-emity of Lake Superior enter the Rivers Bois-
Brule and St. Louis, the upper tributaries of which have their sources
on the northeasterly slope of a water-shed, and approximate very
near the head-waters of the St. Croix, Prairie and Savannah Rivers,
which, issuing from the opposite side of this same ridge, flow into
the Upper Mississippi.

The upper portions of Lake Huron, Michigan, Green Bay, with
their indentations, and the entire coast line, with the islands east-
ward and westward of the Straits of Mackinaw, are all laid down
with quite a degree of accuracy on a map attached to the Relations
of the Jesuits for the years 1670 and 1671, a copy of which is con-
tained in Bancroft's History of the United States, showing that the
reverend fathers were industrious in mastering and preserving the
geographical features of the wilderness they traversed in their holy
calling.

Lake Michigan is the only one of the five great lakes that lays
wholly within the United States, — the other four, with their connect-
ing rivers and straits, mark the boundary between the Dominion of
Canada and the United States. Its length is 320 miles; its average
breadth 70, with a mean depth of over 1,000 feet. Its area is some
22,000 square miles, being considerably more than that of Lake
Huron and less than that of Lake Superior.

Michigan was the last of the lakes in order of discovery. The
Hurons, christianized and dwelling eastward of Lake Huron, had
been driven from their towns and cultivated fields by the Iroquois,
and scattered about Mackinaw and the desolate coast of Lake Supe-
rior beyond, whither they were followed by their faithful pastors,
the Jesuits, who erected new altars and gathered the remnants of

LAKE MICHIGAN. 15

their stricken followers about them; all this occurred before the
fathers had acquired any definite knowledge of Lake Michigan. In
their mission work for the year 16G6, it is referred to "as the Lake
Illinouek, a great lal^e adjoining, or between, the lake of the Hurons
and that of Green Bay, that had not [as then] come to their knowl-
edge." In the Relation for the same year, it is referred to as " Lake
Uleaouers," and Lake lUinioues, as yet unexplored, though much
smaller than Lake Huron, and that the Outagamies [the Fox Lidians]
call it Maehi-hi-gan-ing." Father Hennepin says : " The lake is
called by the Lidians, 'Illinouek,' and by the French, 'lUinois,'" and
that the "Lake Illinois, iu the native language, signiiies the 'Lake
of Men." He also adds in the same paragraph, that it is called by the
Miamis, " Mischigonong, that is, the great lake." Father Marest, in
a letter dated at Kaskaskia, Illinois, IS'ovember 9, 1712, so often re-
ferred to on account of the valuable historical matter it contains,
contracts the aboriginal name to Michigan, and is, perhaps, the first
author who ever spelt it in the way that has become universal. He
naively says, " that on the maps this lake has the name, without any
authority, of the ^ Lake of the Illinois,' since the Illinois do not dwell
in its neighborhood."

CHAPTER n.

JOLIET AND Marquette's voyage.

" The day of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin,
ndiom I had always invoked, since I have been in this Ottawa
country, to obtain of God the grace to be able to visit the nations
on the River Mississippi, was identically that on which M. Joliet
arrived with orders of the Comte de Frontenac, our governor, and
M. Talon, our intendant, to make this discovery with me. I was
the more enraptured at this good news, as I saw my designs on the
point of being accomplished, and myself in the happy necessity of
exposing my life for the salvation of all these nations, and particu-
larly for the Illinois, who had, when I was at Lapointe du Esprit,
very earnestly entreated me to carry the word of God to their
country."

"We were not long in preparing our outfit, although we were
embarking on a voyage the duration of which we could not fore-
see. Indian corn, with some dried meats, was our whole stock of
provisions. With this we set out in two bark canoes, M. Joliet,
myself and five men, firmly resolved to do all and suffer all for so
glorious an enterprise."

" It was on the 17th of May, 1673, that we started from the mis-
sion of St. Ignatius, at Michilimakinac, where I then was."

" Our joy at being chosen for this expedition roused our courage
and sweetened the labor of rowing from morning to night. As we
were going to seek unknown countries, we took all possible precau-
tions that, if our enterprise was hazardous, it should not be fool-
hardy. For this reason we gathered all possible information from
the Indians who had frequented those parts, and even from their
accounts, traced a map of all the new country, marking down the
rivers on which we were to sail, the names of the nations and
places through which we were to pass, the course of the Great
River, and what dii-cction we should take when we got to it."

"Above all, I put our voyage under the protection of the Blessed
Virgin Immaculate, promising her that, if she did us the grace to
discover the Great River, I would give it the name of the concep-

Marquette's voyage. 17

tiou ; and that I would also give that name to the first mission I
should establish among these new nations, as I have actually done
among the Illinois."

Alter some days they reached an Indian village, and the journal
proceeds : " Here we are, then, at the Maskoutens. This word, in
Algonquin, may mean Fire Nation, and that is the name given to
them. This is the limit of discoveries made by the French, for
they have not yet passed beyond it. This town is made up of three
nations gathered he^e, Miamis, Maskoutens, and Kikabous. As
bark for cabins, in this country, is rare, they use rushes, which serve
them for walls and roofe, but wliich afford them no protectioL
against the wind, and still less against the rain when it falls in tor-
rents. . The advantage of this kind of cabin is that they can roll
them up and carry them easily where they like in hunting time."

" I felt no little pleasure in beholding the position of this town.
The view is beautiful and very picturesque, for, from the eminence
on which it is perched, the eye discovers on every side prairies
spreading away beyond its reach, interspersed with thickets or
groves of trees. The soil is very good, producing much corn. The
Indians gather also quantities of plums and grapes, from which
good wine could be made if they choose.^'

" No sooner had we arrived than M. Joliet and 1 assembled the
Sachems. He told them that he was sent by our governor to dis-
cover new countries, and I by the Almighty to illumine them with
the light of the gospel; that the Sovereign Master of our lives
wished to be known to all nations, and that to obey his will I did
not fear death, to which I exposed myself in such dangerous voy-
ages ; that we needed two guides to put us on our way ; these,
making them a present, we begged them to grant us. This they
did very civilly, and even proceeded to speak to us by a present,
which was a mat to serve us on our voyage."

" The next day, which was the 10th of June, two Miamis whom
they had given us as guides, embarked with us in the sight of a
great crowd, who could not wonder enough to see seven French-
men, alone in two canoes, dare to undertake so strange and so
hazardous an expedition."

" We knew that there was, three leagues from Maskoutens, a
fiver emptying into the Mississippi. We knew, too, that the point
of the compass we were to hold to reach it was the west-southwest,
but the way is so cut up with marshes and little lakes that it is easy
to go astray, especially as the river leading to it is so covered with

18 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

wild oats that you can liardlj discover the channel ; hence we had
need of our two guides, who led us safely to a portage of twenty-
seven hundred paces and helped us transport our canoes to enter
this river, after which they returned, leaving us alone in an un-
known country in the hands of Providence."

" "We now leave the waters which flow to Quebec, a distance of
four or five hundred leagues, to follow those which will henceforth
lead us into strange lands."

" Our route was southwest, and after sailing about thirty leagues
we perceived a place which had all the appearances of an iron
mine, and in fact one of our party who had seen some before aver-
red that the one we had found was very rich and very good. After
forty leagues on this same route we reached the mouth of our river,
and finding ourselves at forty-two and a half degrees north, we
safely entered the Mississippi on the 17th of June, with a joy that
I can not express."

" Having descended as far as 41° 28', following the same direc-
tion, we find that turkeys have taken the place of game, and pisik-
ious (buffalo) or wild cattle that of other beasts."

"At last, on the 25th of June, we perceived foot-prints of men
by the water-side, and a beaten path entering a beautiful prairie.
We stopped to examine it, and concluding that it was a path lead-
to some Indian village we resolved to go and reconnoitre. We
accordingly left our two canoes in charge of our people, cautioning
them to beware of a surprise; then M. Joliet and I undertook
this rather hazardous discovery for two single men, who thus put
themselves at the mercy of an unknown and barbarous people.
We followed the little path in silence, and having advanced about
two leagues we discovered a village on the banks of the river, and
two others on a hill half a league from the former. Then, indeed,
we recommended ourselves to God with all our hearts, and having
implored his help we passed on undiscovered, and came so near
that we even heard the Indians talking. We then deemed it time
to a^inounce ourselves, as we did, by a cry which we raised with all
our strength, and then halted, without advancing any farther. At
this cry the Indians rushed out of their cabins, and having proba-
bly recognized us as French, especially seeing a black gown, or at
least having no reason to distrust us, seeing we were but two and
had made known our coming, they deputed four old men to come
and speak to us. Two carried tobacco-pipes, well adorned and
trimmed with many kinds of feathers. They marched slowly, lift-

PRESENTATION OF THE CALUJNIET. 19

ing their pipes toward the sun as if offering tliem to it to smoke,
but yet without uttering a single word. They were a long time
coming the little way from the village to us. Having reached us
at last, they stopped to consider us attentively."

" I now took courage, seeing these ceremonies, which are used by
them only with friends, and still more on seeing them covered with
stuff's, which made me judge them to be allies. I, therefore, spoke
to them first, and asked them who they were. They answered that
they were Illinois, and in token of peace they presented their pipes
to smoke. They then invited us to their village, where all the
tribe awaited us with impatience. These pipes for smoking are all
called in this country calumets, a woi*d that is so much in use that I
shall be obliged to employ it in order to be understood, as I shall
have to speak of it frequently."

"At the door of the cabin in which we were to be received was
an old man awaiting us in a very remarkable posture, which is
their usual ceremony in receiving strangers. This man was stand-
ing perfectly naked, with his hands stretched out and raised toward
the sun, as if he wished to screen himself from its rays, which,
nevertheless, passed through his fingers to his face. When we
came near him he paid us this compliment : ' How beautiful is the
sun, 0 Frenchman, when thou comest to visit us ! All our town
awaits thee, and thou shalt enter all our cabins in peace.' He then
took us into his, where there was a crowd of people, who devoured
us with their eyes but kept a profound silence. We heard, how-
ever, these words occasionally addressed to us: *Well done, broth-
ers, to visit us !' As soon as we had taken our places they showed
us the usual civility of the country, which is to present the calumet.
You must not refuse it unless you would pass for an enemy, or at
least for being very impolite. It is, however, enough to pretend to
smoke. While all the old men smoked after us to honor us, some
came to invite us, on behalf of the great sachem of all the Illinois,
to proceed to his town, where he wished to hold a council with us.
We went with a good retinue, for all the people who had never
seen a Frenchman among them could not tire looking at us ; they
threw themselves on the grass by the wayside, they ran ahead, then
turned and walked back to see us again. All this was done with-
out noise, and with marks of a great respect entertained for us."

" Having arrived at the great sachem's town, we espied him at his
cabin door between two old men ; all three standing naked, with
their calumet turned to the sun. He harani^ued us in a few words.

20 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

to congratulate us on our arrival, and then presented us his calumet
and made us smoke ; at the same time we entered his cabin, where we
received all their usual greetings. Seeing all assembled and in silence,
I spoke to them by four presents which I made. By the first, I said
that we marched in peace to visit the nations on the river to the sea ;
by the second, I declared to them that God, their creator, had pity on
them, since, after their having been so long ignorant of Him, he
wished to become known to all nations ; that I was sent on His behalf
with this design ; that it was for them to acknowledge and obey him ;
by the third, that the great chief of the French informed them that
he spread peace everywhere, and had overcome the Iroquois ; lastly,
by the fourth, we begged them to give us all the information they
had of the sea, and of nations through which we should have to pass
to reach it.

" When I had finished my speech, the sachem rose, and laying his
hand on the head of a little slave whom he was about to give us, sj)oke
thus : ' I thank thee, Black-gown, and thee. Frenchman,' addressing
M. JoUyet, ' for taking so much pains to come and visit us. l!^ever
has the earth been so beautiful, nor the sun so bright, as to-day ; never
has our river been so calm, nor so free from rocks, which your canoes
have removed as they passed ; never has our tobacco had so fine a
flavor, nor our corn appeared so beautiful as we behold it to-day.
Here is my son that I give thee that thou mayest know my heart. I
pray thee take pity on me and all my nation. Thou knowest the
Great Spirit who has made us all ; thou speakest to Him and hearest
His word ; ask Him to give me life and health, and come and dwell
with us that we may know Him.' Saying this, he placed the little
slave near us and made us a second present, an all mysterious calumet,
which they value more than a slave. By this present he showed us
his esteem for our governor, after the account 'we had given of him.
By the third, he begged us, on behalf of his whole nation, not to
proceed farther on account of the great dangers to which we exposed
ourselves.

" I replied that I did not fear death, and that I esteemed no happi-
ness greater than that of losing my life for the glory of Him who
made us all. But this these poor people could not understand. The
council was followed by a great feast which consisted of four courses,
which we had to take with all their ways. The first course was a
great wooden dish full of sagamity — that is to say, of Indian meal
boiled in water and seasoned with grease. The master of ceremonies,
with a spoonful of sagamity, presented it three or four times to my

FLOATING ISLANDS. '21

moTitli, as we would do with a little child ; he did the same to M. Jol-
lyet. For the second course he brought in a second dish containing
three fish ; he took some pains to remove the bones, and having blown
upon it to cool it, put it in my mouth as we would food to a bird.
For the third course they produced a large dog which they had just
killed, but, learning that we did not eat it, withdrew it. Finally, the
fourth course was a piece of wild ox, the fattest portions of which
were put into our mouths.

" We took leave of our Illinois about the end of June, and em-
barked in sight of all the tribe, who admire our little canoes, having
never seen the like.

"As we were discoursing,* while sailing gently down a beautiful,
still, clear water, we heard the noise of a rapid into which we were
about to fall. I have seen nothing more frightful ; a mass of large
trees, entire, with branches — real floating islands — came rushing^
from the mouth of the river Pekitanoiii, so impetuously that we could
not, without great danger, expose ourselves to pass across. The agita-
tion was so great that the water was all muddy and could not get
clear.

"After having made about twenty leagues due south, and a little
less to the southeast, we came to a river called Ouabouskigou, the
mouth of which is at 36 deg. north. This river comes from the coun-
try on the east inhabited by the Chaouanons, in such numbers that
they reckon as many as twenty-three villages in one district, and fifteen
in another, lying quite near each other. They are by no means war-
like, and are the people the Iroquois go far to seek in order to wage
an unprovoked war upon them ; and as these poor people cannot
defend themselves they allow themselves to be taken and carried off
like sheep, and, innocent as they are, do not fail to experience the
barbarity of the Iroquois, who burn them cruelly.

"Having arrived about half a league from Akansea (Arkansas
Eivei-^, we saw two canoes coming toward us. The commander was
standmg up, holding in his hand a calumet, with which he made signs
according to the custom of the country. He approached us, singing
quite agreeably, and invited us to smoke, after which he presented us
some sagamity and bread made of Indian corn, of which we ate a little.
We fortunately found among them a man who understood Illinois
much better than the man we brought from Mitchigameh. By means
of him, I first spoke to the assembly by ordinary presents. They
admired what I told them of God and the mysteries of our holy faith,
and showed a great desire to keep me with them to instruct them.

^2 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NOKTH"WEST.

" "VVe then asked them what they knew of the sea. They replied
that we were only ten days' journey from it (we could have made the
distance in five days) ; that they did not know the nations who inhab-
ited it, because their enemies prevented their commerce with those
Europeans; that tlie Indians with fire-arms whom we. had met were
their enemies, who cut off the passage to the sea, and prevented their
making the acquaintance of the Europeans, or having any commerce
with them ; that, besides, we should expose ourselves greatly by pass-
ing on, in consequence of the continual war parties that their enemies
sent out on the river ; since, being armed and used to war, we could
not, without evident danger, advance on that river which they con-
stantly occupy. *

"In the evening the sachems lield a secret council on the design of
some to kill us for plunder, but the chief broke up all these schemes,
and sending for us, danced the calumet in our presence, and then, to
remove all fears, presented it to me.

"M. Jollyet and I held another council to deliberate on what we
should do, whether we should push on, or rest satisfied with the dis-
covery that we had made. After having attentively considered that
we were not far from the Gulf of Mexico, the basin of which is 31
deg. 40 min. north, and we at 33 deg. 40 min,; so that we could not
be more than two or three days' journey off ; that the Mississippi
undoubtedly had its mouth in Florida or the Gulf of Mexico, and not
on the east in Virginia, whose sea-coast is at 34 deg. north, which we
had passed, without having as yet reached the sea, nor on the western
side in California, because that would require a west, or west-south-
west course, and we had always been going south. We considered,
moreover, that we risked losing the fruit of this voyage, of which we
could give no information, if we should throw ourselves into the
hands of the Spaniards, who would undoubtedly at least hold us as
prisoners. Besides it was clear that we were not in a condition to
resist Indians allied to Europeans, numerous and expert in the use of
fire-arms, who continually infested the lower part of the river. Lastly,
we had gathered all the information that could be desired from the
expedition. All these reasons induced us to return. This we
announced to the Indians, and after a day's rest prepared for it.

"After a month's navigation down the Mississippi, from the 42d to
below the 34th degree, and after having published the gospel as well
as I could to the nations I had met, we left the village of Akansea on
the 17th of July, to retrace our steps. We accordingly ascended the
Mississippi, which gave us great trouble to stem its currents. We left

LOTJlS JOLlEt. 23

it, indeed, about tlie 38th degree, to enter another river (the Illinois),
which greatly shortened our way, and brought us, with little trouble,
to the lake of the Illinois.

"We had seen nothing like this river for the fertility of the land, its
prairies, woods, wild cattle, stag, deer, wild cats, bustards, swans, ducks,
parrots, and even beaver ; its many little lakes and rivers. That on
which we sailed is broad, deep and gentle for sixty-five leagues.
During the spring and part of the summer, the only portage is half a
league.

"We found there an Illinois town called Kaskaskia, composed of
seventy -four cabins ; they received us well, and compelled me to prom-
ise them to return and instruct them. One of the chiefs of this tribe,
with his young men, escorted us to the Illinois Lake, whence at last
we returned in the close of September to the Bay of the Fetid (Green
Bay), whence we had set out in the beginning of June. Had all this
voyage caused but the salvation of a single soul, I should deem all my
fatigue well repaid, and this I have reason to think, for, when I was
returning, I passed by the Indians of Peoria. I was three days
announcing the faith in their cabins, after which, as we were embark-
ing, they brought me, on the water's edge, a dying child, which I bap-
tized a little before it expired, by an admirable providence for the
salvation of that innocent soul."

Count Frontenac, writing from Quebec to M. Colbert, Minister of
the Marine, at Paris, under date of November 14, 1674, announces
that " Sieur Joliet, whom Monsieur Talon advised me, on my arrival
from France, to dispatch for the discovery of the South Sea, has
returned three months ago. He has discovered some very fine
countries, and a navigation so easy through beautiful rivers he has
found, that a person can go from Lake Ontario in a bark to the Gulf
of Mexico, there being only one carrying place (around Niagara Falls),
where Lake Ontario communicates with Lake Erie. I send you by
my secretary the map which Sieur Joliet has made of the great river
he has discovered, and the observations he has been able to recollect,
as he lost all his minutes and journals in the shipwreck he suffered
within sight of Montreal, where, after having completed a voyage of
twelve hundred leagues, he was near being drowned, and lost all his
papers and a little Indian whom he brought from those countries.
These accidents have caused me great regret."

Louis Joliet, or Jolliet, or Jollyet, as the name is variously spelled,
was the son of Jean Joliet, a wheelwright, and Mary d'Abancour.
He was born at Quebec in the year 1645. Having finished his studies

24 HISTORIC iSTOTES OiST tHE tfOltTHWEST.

at the Jesuit college, he determined to become a member of that
order, and with that purpose in view, took some of the minor orders
of the society in August, 1662. He completed his studies in 1666,
but during this time his attention had become interested in Indian
affairs, and he laid aside all thoughts of assuming the " black go^vn."
That he acquired great ability and tact in managing the savages, is
apparent from the fact of his having been selected to discover the South
Sea by the way of the Mississippi. The map which he drew from
memory, and which was forwarded by Count Frontenac to France,
was afterwards attached to Marquette's Journal, and was published by
Therenot at Paris in 1681. Sparks, in his "Life of Marquette,"
copies this maji, and ascribes it to his hero. This must be a mistake,
since it differs quite essentially from Marquette's map, which has
recently been brought to public notice by Dr. Shea.

Joliet's account of the voyage, mentioned by Frontenac, is published
in Hennepin's " Discovery of a Yast Country in America." It is very
meagre, and does not present any facts not covered by Marquette's
narrative.

In 1680 Joliet was appointed hydrographer to the king, and many
well-drawn maps at Quebec show that his office was no sinecure.
Afterward he made a voyage to Hudson's Bay in the interest of the
king, and as a reward for the faithful performance of his duty, he was
granted the Island of Anticosti, which on account of the fisheries and
Indian trade Avas at that time very valuable. After this he signed
himself Joliet d'Anticosty. In the year 1697 he obtained the
seigniory of Joliet on the river Etchemins, south of Quebec. M. Joliet
died in 1701, leaving a wife and four children, the descendants of
whom are living in Canada still possessed of the seigniory of Joliet,
among whom are Archbishop Taschcreau of Quebec and Archbishop
Tache of Red River.

Mount Joliet on the Desplaines River, above its confluence with
the Kankakee and the city of Joliet in the county of Will, perpetuate
the name of Joliet in the state of Illinois.

Jacques Marquette was born in Laon, France, in 1637. His was
the oldest and one of the most respectable citizen families of the place.
At the age of seventeen he entered the Society of Jesus ; received
orders in 1666 to embark for Canada, arriving at Quebec in Septem-
ber of the same year. For two years he remained at Three Rivers,
studying the different Indian dialects under Father Gabriel Druil-
lentes. At the end of that period he received orders to repair to the
upper lakes, which he did, and established the mission of Sault Ste.

DEATH OF MARQUETTE. 25

Marie. The following year Dablon arrived, having been appointed
Superior of the Ottawa missions. Martpiette then went to the " Mis-
sion of the IIol}^ Ghost " at the western extremity of Lake Superior.
Here he remained for two years, and it was his accounts, forwarded
from this place, that caused Frontenac and Talon to send Jolict on
his voyage to the Mississippi. The Sioux having dispersed the Al-
gonquin tribes at Lapointe, the, latter retreated eastward to Mackinaw ;
Marquette followed and founded there the Mission of St. Igna-
tius. Here he remained until Joliet came in 1673, with orders to
accompany him on his voyage of discovery down the Mississippi.
Upon his return, Marquette i-emained at Mackinaw until October,
1674, when he received orders to carry out his pet project of founding
the "Mission of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin"
among the Illinois. He immediately set out, but owing to a severe
dysentery contracted the year previous, he made but slow ftrogress.
However, he reached Chicago Creek December 4, where, growing
rapidly worse, he was compelled to winter. On the 29th of the fol-
. lowing March he set out for the Illinois town, on the river of that
name. He succeeded in getting there on the 8th of April. Being
cordially received by the Indians, he was enabled to realize his long
deferred and much cherished project of establishing the " Mission of
the Immaculate Conception." Believing that his life was drawing to
a close, he endeavored to reach Mackinaw before his death should take
place. But in this hope he was doomed to disappointment ; by the
time he reached Lake Michigan " he was so weak that he had to be
carried like a child." One Saturday, Marquette and his two com-
panions entered a small stream — which still bears his name — on the
eastern side of Lake Michigan, and in this desolate spot, virtually
alone, destitute of all the comforts of life, died James Marquette.
His life-long wish to die a martyr in the holy cause of Jesus and the
Blessed Virgin was granted. Thus passed away one of the purest and
most sacrificing servants of God ; one of the bravest and most heroic
of men.

The biographical sketch of Joliet has been collated from a number
of reliable authorities, and is believed truthful. Our notice of Father
Marquette is condensed from his life as written by Dr. Shea, than
whom there is no one better qualified to perform the task.

CHAPTER III.

EXPLORATIONS BY LA SALLE.

The success of the French in their plan of colonization was so great,
and the trade with the savages, exchanging fineries, guns, knives, and
more than all, spirituous liquors for valuable furs, yielded such enor-
mous profits that impetus was given to still greater enterprises. They
involved no less than the hemming in of the British colonies along the
Atlantic coast, and a conquest of the rich mines in Mexico from the
Spanish. Tliese jjurposes are boldly avowed in a letter of M. Talon,
the king's enterprising intendant at Quebec in 1671, and also in the
declarations of the great Colbert at Paris, " I am," says M. Talon, in
his letter to the king referred to, "no courtier, and assert, not through-
a mere desire to please the king, nor without just reason, that this por-
tion of the French monarchy will become something grand. What I
discover around me makes me foresee this, and those colonies of for-
eign nations so long settled on the seaboard already tremble with
fright, in view of what his majesty has accomplished here in the in-
terior. The measure adopted to confine them within narrow limits,
by taking possession, which I have caused to be effected, do not allow
them to spread, without subjecting themselves at the same time to be
treated as usurpers, and have war waged against them. This in truth
is what by all their acts they seem to greatly fear. They already
know that your name is spread abroad among the savages throughout
all those countries, and that they regard your majesty alone as the
arbitrator of peace and war; they detach themselves insensibly from
other Europeans, and excepting the Iroquois, of whom I am not as
yet assured, we can safely promise that the others will take up arms
whenever we please." " The principal result," says La Salle, in his
memoir at a later day, " expected from the great labors and perils which
I underwent in the discovery of the Mississippi, was to satisfy the wish
expressed to me by the late Monsieur Colbert, of finding a port where
the French might establish themselves and harass the Spaniards in
those regions from Avhence they derive all their wealtlL The place I
propose to fortify lies sixty leagues above the mouth of the river Col-
bert {i. e. Mississippi) in the Gulf of Mexico, and possesses all the

EARLY LIFE OF LA SALLE. 27

advantages foi' siicli a purpose which can be wished for, both on
account of its excellent position and the favorable disposition of the
savages wlio live in that part of the country."

La Salle was born, of a distinguished family, at Kouen, France.
He was consecrated to the service of God in early life, and entered
the Society of Jesus, in which he remained ten years, laying the
foundation of moral principles, regular habits and elements of science
that served him so well in his future arduous undertakings. Like
many other young men having plans of useful life, he thought Canada
would offer better facilities to develop them than the cramped and
lixed society of France. He accordingly left his home, and reached
Montreal in 1666. Being of a resolute and venturesome disposition,
he found employment in making explorations of the country about
the lakes. He soon became a favorite of Talon, the intendant, and of
Frontenac, the governor, at Quebec. He was selected by the latter to
take command of Fort Frontenac, near the present city of Kingston,
on the St. Lawrence River, and at that time a dilapidated, wooden
structure on the frontier of Canada. He remained in Canada about
nine years, acquiring a knowledge of the country and particularly of
the Indian tribes, their manners, habits and customs, and winning the
confidence of the French authorities. He returned to France and
presented a memoir to the king, in which he urged the necessity of
maintaining Fort Frontenac, which he offered to restore with a struc-
ture of stone ; to keep there a garrison equal to the one at Montreal ;
to employ as many as fifteen laborers during the first year ; to clear
and till the land, and to supply the surrounding Indian villages with
Recollet missionaries in furtherance of the cause of religion, all at
his own expense, on condition that the king would grant him the right
of seigniory and a monopoly of the trade incident to it. He further
petitioned for title of nobility in consideration of voyages he had al-
ready made in Canada at his own expense, and which had resulted in
the great benefit to the king's colony. The king heard the petition
graciously, and on the 13tli May, 1675, granted La Salle and his heirs
Fort Frontenac, with four leagues of the adjacent country along tlie
lakes and rivers above and below the foi't and a half a league inward,
and the adjacent islands, with the right of hunting and fishing on
Lake Ontario and the circumjacent rivers. On the same day, the king
issued to La Salle letters patent of nobility, having, as the king de-
clares, been informed of the worthy deeds performed by the people,
either in reducing or civilizing the savages or in defending themselves
against their frequent insults, especially those of the Iroquois ; in de-

28 HISTOEIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

spising the greatest dangers in order to extend the king's name and
empire to the extremity of that new world ; and desiring to reward
tliose who have thus rendered themselves most eminent ; and wishing
to treat most favorably Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle on account
of the good and laudable report that has been rendered concerning his
actions in Canada, the king does ennoble and decorate with the title of
nobility the said cavalier, together with his wife and children. He
left France with these precious documents, and repaired to Fort Fron-
tenac, where he performed the conditions imposed by the terms of his
titles.

He sailed for France again in 1677, and in the following year after
he and Colbert had fully matured their plans, he again petitioned the
king for a license to prosecute further discoveries. The king granted
his request, giving him a permit, under date of May 12, 1678, to en-
deavor to discover the western part of New France ; the king avowing
in the letters patent that " he had notliing more at heart tlian the dis-
covery of that country where there is a prospect of finding a way to
penetrate as far as Mexico," and authorizing La Salle to prosecute dis-
coveries, and construct forts in such places as he might think neces-
sary, and enjoy there the same monopoly as at Fort Frontenac— all on
condition that the enterprise should be prosecuted at La Salle's ex-
pense, and completed within five years ; that he should not trade with
the savages, who carried their peltries and beavers to Montreal ; and
that the governor, intendant, justices, and other officers of the king in
Kew France, should aid La Salle in his enterprise. Before leaving
France, La Salle, through the Prince de Conti, was introduced to one
Henri de Tonti, an Italian by birth, who for eight years had been in
the French service. Having had one of his hands shot off while in
Sicily, he repaired to France to seek other employment. It was a
most fortunate meeting. Tonti — a name that should be prominently
associated with discoveries in this part of America — became La Salle's
companion. Ever faithful and courageous, he ably and zealously fur-
thered all of La Salle's plans, followed and defended him under the
most discouraging trials, with an unselfish fidelity that has few paral-
lels in any age.

Sup]ilied with this new grant of enlarged powers, La Salle, in com-
pany with Tonti — or Tonty, as Dr. Sparks says he has seen the name
written in an autograph letter — and thirty men, comprising pilots,
sailors, carpenters and other mechanics, with a supply of material nec-
essary for the intended exploration, left France for Quebec. Here
the party were joined by some Canadians, and the whole force was

WINTERING AT NIAGARA. 29

sent forward to Fort Frontenac, at the outlet of Lake Ontario, since
this fort had been granted to La Salle. He had, in conformity to the
terms of his letters patent, greatly enlarged and strengthened its de-
fenses.

La Stille brought up the St. Lawrence to Fort Frontenac the
anchors, cordage and other material to be used in the vessel which he
designed to construct above the Falls of Niagara for navigating the
western lakes. He already had three small vessels on Lake Ontario,
which he had piade use of in a coasting trade with the Indians. One
of these, a brigantine of ten tons, was loaded with his effects ; his
men, including Fathers Gabriel, Zenobius Membre and Hennepin,
who were, as Father Zenobia declares, commissioned with care of the
spiritual direction of the expedition, were placed aboard, and on the
18th of N^ovember the vessel sailed westward for the Niagara River.
They kept the northern shore, and run into land and bartered for corn
with the Iroquois at one of their villages, situated where Toronto,
Canada, is located, and for fear of being frozen up in the river, which
here empties into the lake, had to cut the ice from about their ship.
Detained by adverse winds, they remained here until the wind was
favorable, when they sailed across the end of the lake and found an
anchorage in the mouth of Niagara River on the 6th of December.
The season was far advanced, and the ground covered with ^now a
foot deep. Large masses of ice were floating down the river endang-
ering the vessel, and it was necessary to take measures to give it
security. Accordingly the vessel was hauled with cables up against
the strong current. One of the cables broke, and the vessel itself
came very near being broken to pieces or carried away by the ice,
which was grinding its way to the open lake. Finally, by sheer force
of human strength, the vessel was dragged to the shore, and moored
with a strong hawser under a protecting cliff out of danger from the
floating ice. A cabin, protected with palisades, for shelter and to
serve as a magazine to store the supplies, was also constructed. The
ground was frozen so hard that it had to be thawed out with boiling
water before the men could drive stakes into it.

The movements of La Salle excited, first the curiosity of the Iro-
quois Indians, in whose country he was an intruder, and then their
jealousy became aroused as they began to fear he intended the erection
of a fort. The Sieur de La Salle, says the frank and modest-minded
Father Zenobe Membre, "with his usual address met the principal
Iroquois chiefs in conference, and gained them so completely that they
not only agreed, but offered, to contribute with all their means to the

30 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

execution of his designs. The conference lasted for some time. La
Salle also sent many canoes to trade north and south of the lake
among these tribes." Meanwhile La Salle's enemies were busy in
thwarting his plans. Thej insinuated themselves among the Indians
in the vicinity of Niagara, and filled their ears with all sorts of stories
to La Salle's discredit, and aroused feelings of such distrust that work
on the fort, or depot for supplies, had to be suspended, and La Salle
content himself with a house surrounded by palisades.

A place was selected above the falls, on the eastern side of the
river, for the construction of the new vessel.

The ground was cleared away, trees were felled, and the carpenters
set to work. The keel of the vessel was laid on the 26th of January,
and some of the plank being ready to fasten on, La Salle drove the
first spike. As the work progressed. La Salle niade several trips, over
ice and snow, and later in the spring with vessels, to Fort Frontenac,
to hurry forward provisions and material. One of his vessels was lost
on Lake Ontario, heavily laden with a cargo of valuable supplies,
through the fault or willful perversity of her pilots. The disappoint-
ment over this calamity, says Hennepin, would have dissuaded any
other person than La Salle from the further prosecution of the enter-
prise. The men worked industriously on the ship. The most of the
Iroquois having gone to war with a nation on the northern side of Lake
Erie, the few remaining behind were become less insolent than be-
fore. Still they lingered about where the work was going on, and
continued expressions of discontent at what the French were doing.
One of them let on to be drunk and attempted to kill the blacksmith,
but the latter repulsed the Indian with a piece of iron red-hot from
the forge. The Indians threatened to bum the vessel on the stocks,
and might have dpne so were it not constantly guarded. Much of the
time the only food of the men was Indian corij and fish ; the distance
to Fort Frontenac and the inclemency of the winter rendering it out
of power to procure a supply of other or better provisions.

Tlie frequent alarms from the Indians, a want of wholesome food,
the loss of the vessel with its promised supplies, and a refusal of the
neighboring tribes to sell any more of their corn, reduced the party to
sucli extremities that the ship carpenters ti-ied to run away. They
were, however, persuaded to remain and prosecute their work. Two
Mohegan Indians, successful hunters in La Salle's service, were fortu-
nate enough to bring in some wild goats and other game they had
killed, which greatly encouraged the workmen to go on with their task
more briskly than before. The vessel was completed within six

THE rmST SAIL ON LAKE EKIE. 31

months from the time its keel was laid. The ship was gotten afloat be-
fore entirely finished, to prevent the designs of the natives to burn it.
She was sixty tons burthen, and called the " Griffin," a name given it
by La Salle by way of compliment to Count Frontenac, whose armorial
bearing was supported by two griffins. Three guns were fired, and
" Te Deums " chanted at the christening, and prayers offered up for a
prosperous voyage. The air in the wild forest rung with shouts of
joy ; even the Iroquois, looking suspiciously on, were seduced with
alluring draughts of brandy to lend their deei)-mouthed voices to the
happy occasion. The men left their cabins of bark and swung their
hammocks under the deck of the ship, where they could rest with
greater security from the savages than on the shore.

The Griffin, under press of a favorable breeze, and with the help
of twelve men on the shore | ulling at tow-ropes, was forced up against
the strong current of the Niagara river to calmer waters at the en-
trance of the hike. On the 7th of August, 1679, her canvas was spread,
and the pilot steering by the compass, the vessel, 'with La Salle and
his thirty odd companions and their effects aboard, sailed out westward
upon the unknown silent waters of Lake Erie. In three days they
reached the mouth of Detroit river. Father Hennepin was fairly
delighted with the country along this river — it was " so well situated
and the soil so fertile. Yast meadows extending back from the strait
and terminating at the uplands, which were clad with vineyards, and
plum and pear and other fruit-bearing trees of nature's own planting,
all so well arranged that one would think they could not have been so
disjDosed without the help of art. The country was also well stocked
with deer, bear, wild goats, turkeys and other animals and birds, that
supplied a most relishing food. The forest comprised walnut and
other timber in abundance suitable for building purjDoses." So
charmed was he with the prospect that he " endeavored to persuade
La Salle to settle at the ' De Troit,' " it being in the midst of so many
savage nations among whom a good trade could be established. La
Salle would not listen to this proposal. He said he would make no
settlement within one hundred leagues of Frontenac, lest other Euro-
peans would be before them in the new country they were going to
discover. " This," says Hennepin, " was the pretense of La Salle and
the adventurers who were with him , for I soon discovered that their
intention was to buy all the furs and skins of the remotest savages
who, as they thought, did not know their value, and thus enrich them-
selves in one single voyage."

On Lake Huron the Griffin encountered a storm. The main-yards

32 HISTOEIC N0TE8 ON THE NORTHWEST.

and topmast were blown away, giving the ship over to the mercy of
the winds. There was no harbor to run into for shelter. La Salle,
although a courageous man, gave way to his fears and said they all
were undone. Everyone thereupon fell upon their knees to say pray-
ers and prepare for death, except the pilot, who cursed and swore all
the while at La Salle for bringing him there to perish in a nasty lake,
after he had acquired so much renown in a long and successful navi-
gation on the ocean. The storm abated, and on the 27th of August
the Griffin resumed her course northwest, and was carried on the eve-
ning of the same day beyond the island of Mackinaw to Point St.
Ignace, and safely anchored in a bay that is sheltered, except from the
south, by the projecting mainland.

CHAPTER lY.

LA SALLE's voyage CONTINUED.

St. Ignace, or Mackinaw, as previously stated, liad become a princi-
pal center of the Jesuit missions, and it had also grown into a head-
quarters for an extensive Indian trade. Duly licensed traders, as well
as the Coureurs do Bois — men who had run wild, as it were, and by
their intercourse with the nations had thrown off all restraints of
civilized life — resorted to ^ this vicinity in considerable numbers.
These, lost to all sense of national pride, instead of sustaining, took
every measure to thwart La Salle's plans. They, with some of the
dissatisfied crew, represented to the Indians that La Salle and his asso-
ciates were a set of dangerous and ambitious adventurers, who meant
to engross all the trade in furs and skins and invade their liberties.
These jealous and meddlesome busybodies had already, before the
arrival of the G-riffin, succeeded in seducing fifteen men from La
Salle's service, whom with others he had sent forward the previous
spring, under command of Tonty, with a stock of merchandise ; and,
instead of goiug to the tribes beyond and preparing the way for a
friendly reception of La Salle, as they were ordered to do, they loitered
about Mackinaw the whole summer and squandered the goods, in spite
of Tonty's persistent efforts to urge them forward in the performance of
their duty. La Salle sent out other parties to trade with the natives, and
these went so far, and M^ere so bus}' in bartering for and collecting furs,
that they did not return to Mackinaw until November. It was now get-
ting late, and La Salle was warned of the dangerous storms that swept
the lakes at the beginning of winter ; he resolved, therefore, to continue
his voyage without waiting the return of his men. He weighed
anchor and sailed westward into Lake Michigan as far as the islands
at the entrance of Green Bay, then called the Pottawatomie Islands,
for the reason that they were then occupied by bands of that tribe.
On one of these islands La Salle found some of the men belonging to
his advance party of traders, and who, having secured a large quantity
of valuable furs, had long and impatiently waited his coming.

La Salle, as is already apparent, determined to engage in a fur trade

34- HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

that already and legitimately belonged to mercliants operating at
Montreal, and with which the terms of his own license prohibited his
interfering. Without asking any one's advice he resolved to load his
ship with furs and send it back to Niagara, and the furs to Quebec,
and out of the proceeds of the sale to discharge some very pressing
debts. The pilot with five men to man the vessel were ordered to
pi-oceed with the Griffin to Niagara, and return with all imaginable
speed and join La Salle at the mouth of the St. Joseph river, near the
southern shore of Lake Michigan. The Griffin did not go to Green
Bay City, as many writers have assumed in hasty perusals of the orig-
inal authorities, or even penetrate the body of water known as Green
Bay beyond the chain of islands at its mouth.

The resolution of La Salle, taken, it seems, on the spur of the
moment, to send his ship back down the lakes, and prosecute his
voyage the rest of the way to the head ^f Lake Michigan in frail
birchen canoes, was a most unfortunate measure. It delayed his dis-
coveries two years, brought severe hardships upon himself and greatly
embarrassed all his future plans. The Griffin itself was lost, with all
her cargo, valued at sixty thousand livres. She, nor her crew, was
ever heard of after leaving the Pottawatomie Islands. What became
of the ship and men in charge remains to this day a mystery, or veiled
in a cloud of conjecture. La Salle himself, says Francis Parkman,
" grew into a settled conviction that the Griffin had been treacherously
sunk by the pilot and sailors to whom he had intrusted her ; and he
thought he had in after years found evidence that the authors of the
crime, laden with the merchandise they had taken from her, had
reached the Mississippi and ascended it, hoping to join Du Shut, the
famous chief of the Coureurs de Bois, and enrich themselves by traffic
with the northern tribes."

The following is substantially Hennepin's account of La Salle's
canoe voyage from the mouth of Green Bay south, along the shore of
Lake Michigan, past Milwaukee and Chicago, and around the southern
end of the lake ; thence north along the eastern shore to the mouth of
the St. Joseph river ; thence up the St. Joseph to South Bend, mak-
ing the portage here to the head waters of the Kankakee ; thence
down the Kankakee and Illinois through Peoria lake, with an account
of the building of Fort Crevecoeur. Hennepin's narrative is full of
interesting detail, and contains many interesting observations wpon the
condition of country, the native inhabitants as they ap])eared nearlj-
two hundred years ago. The privation and suffering to which La
Salle and his party were exposed in navigating Lake Michigan at that

FIRST VOYAGE ON LAKE MICHIGAN, 35

early day, and late in tlio fall of the year, when the waters were vexed
with tempestuous storms, illustrate the courage and daring of the
undertaking.

Their suffering did not terminate with their voyage upon the lake.
Difficulties of another kind were experienced on the St. Joseph, Kan-
kakee and Illinois Rivers. Hennepin's is, perhaps, the first detailed
account we have of this part of the " Great West," and is therefore of
great interest and value on this account. l3Li3o4:92

" We left the Pottawatomies to continue our voyage, being fourteen
men in all, in four canoes. I had charge of the smallest, which carried
five hundredweight and two men. My companions being recently
from Europe, and for that reason being unskilled in the management
of these kind of boats, its whole charge fell upon me in stormy
weather.

" The canoes were laden with a smith's forge, utensils, tools for car-
penters, joiners and sawyers, besides our goods and arms. We steered
to the south toward the mainland, from which the Pottawatomie
Islands are distant some forty leagues; but about midway, and in the
night time, we were greatly endangered by a sudden storm. The
weaves dashed into our canoes, and the night was so dark we had great
difficulty in keeping our canoes together. The daylight coming on,
we reached the shore, where we remained for four days, waiting for
the lake to grow calm. In the meantime our Indian hunter went in
quest of game, but killed nothing other than a porcupine ; this, how-
ever, made our Indian corn more relishing. The weather becoming
fair, we resumed our voyage, rowing all day and well into the night
along the western coast of the Lake of the Illinois. The wind again
grew too fresh, and we landed upon a rocky beach, where we had
nothing to protect ourselves against a storm of snow and rain except
the clothing on our persons. We remained here two days for the sea
to go down, having made a little fire from wood cast ashore by the
waves. We proceeded on our voyage, and toward evening the winds
again forced us to a beach covered with rushes, where we remained
three days ; and in the meantime our provisions, consisting only of
pumpkins and Indian corn purchased from the Pottawatomies, entirely
gave out. Our canoes were so heavily laden that we could not carry
provisions with us, and we were compelled to rely on bartering for
such supplies on our way. We left this dismal place, and after twelve
leagues rowing came to another Pottawatomie village, whose inhab-
itants stood upon the beach to receive us. But M. La Salle refused
to let anyone land, notwithstanding the severity of the weather, fear-

36 HIBTOEIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

ing some of his men might run away. We were in such great peril
that La Salle flung himself into the water, after we had gone some
three leagues farther, and with the aid of his three men carried the
canoe of which he had charge to the shore upon their shoulders, oth-
erwise it would have been broken to pieces by the waves. We were
obliged to do the same with the other canoes. I, myself, carried good
Father Gabriel upon my back, his age being so well advanced as not
to admit of his venturing in the water. We took ourselves to a piece
of rising ground to avoid surprise, as we had no manner of acquaint-
ance with the great number of savages whose village was near at hand.
We sent three men into the village to buy provisions, under protec-
tion of the calumet, or pipe of peace, which the Indians at Pottawat-
omie Islands had presented us as a means of introduction to, and a
measure of safety against, other tribes that we might meet on our
way."

The calumet has always been a symbol of amity among all the
Indian tribes of North America, and so uniformly used by them in all
their negotiations with their own race, and Euroj)eans as well ; and
Father Hennepin's description of it, and the respect that is accorded
to its presence, are so truthful that we here insert his account of it at
length :

" This calumet," says Father Hennepin, " is the most mysterious
thing among the savages, for it is used in all important transactions.
It is nothing else, however, than a large tobacco pipe, made of red,
black, or white stone. The head is highly polished, and the quill or
stem is usually about two feet in length, made of a pretty strong reed
or cane, decorated with highly colored feathers interlaced with locks
of women's hair. Wings of gaudily plumaged birds are tied to it,
making the calumet look like the wand of Mercury, or staff which
ambassadors of state formerly carried when they went to conduct
treaties of peace. The stem is sheathed in the skin of the neck of
birds called ' Huars ' (probably the loon), which are as large as our
geese, and spotted with white and black ; or else with those of a duck
(the little wood duck, whose neck presents a beautiful contrast of
colors) that make their nests upon trees, although the water is their
ordinary element, and whose feathers are of many different colors.
However, every tribe ornament their calumets according to their own
fancy, with the feathers of such birds as they may have in their own
country.

"A pipe such as I have described is a pass of safe conduct among all
the allies of the tribe which has given it ; and in all embassies it is car-

OAKOE VorAGE ON LAKE MICHIGAN. 37

ried as a symbol of peace, and is always respected as such, for the sav-
ages believe some great misfortune would speedily befall them if they
violated the public faith of the calumet. All their enterprises, declara-
tions of war, treaties of peace, as well as all of the rest of their cere-
monies, are sealed with the calumet. The pipe is filled with the best
tobacco they have, and then it is presented to those with whom they
are about to conduct an important affair ; and after they have smoked
out of it the one offering it does the same. I would have perished,"
concludes Hennepin, " had it not been for the calumet. Our three
men, carrying the calumet and being well armed, went to the little
village about three leagues from the place where we landed ; they
found no one at home, for the inhabitants, having heard that we refused
to land at the other village, supposed we were enemies, and had aban-
doned their habitations. In their absence our men took some of their
corn, and left instead some goods, to let them know we were neither
their enemies nor robbers. Twenty of the inhabitants of this village
came to our encampment on the beach, armed with axes, small guns,
bows, and a sort of club, which, in their language, means a head-
breaker. La Salle, with four well-armed men, advanced toward them
for the purpose of opening a conversation. He requested them to come
near to us, saying he had a party of hunters out who might come
across them and take their lives. They came forward and took seats
at the foot of an eminence where we were encamped ; and La Salle
amused them with the relation of his voyage, which he informed them
he had undertaken for their advantage ; and thus occupied their time
until the arrival of the three men who had been sent out with the
calumet ; on seeing which the savages gave a great shout, arose to their
feet and danced about. We excused our men from having taken some
of their com, and informed them that we had left its true value in
goods ; they were so well pleased with this that they immediately sent
for more corn, and on the next day they made us a gift of as much as
we could conveniently find room for in our canoes.

" The next day morning the old men of the tribe came to us with
their calumet of peace, and entertained us with a free offering of wild
goats, which their own hunters had taken. In return, we presented
them our thanks, accompanied with some axes, knives, and several lit-
tle toys for their wives, with all which they were very much pleasec^

" We left this place and continued our voyage along the coast of the
lake, which, in places, is so steep that we often found it difficult to
obtain a landing ; and the wind was so violent as to oblige us to carry
our canoes sometimes upon top of the bluff, to prevent their being

38 HISTORIC NOTl^S ON THE NORTHWEST.

clashed in pieces. The stormy weather Lasted four days, causing ns
much suffering ; for every time we made the shore we had to wade in
tlie water, carrying our effects and canoes upon our shoulders. The
water being very cold, most of us were taken sick. Our provisions
again failed us, which, with the fatigues of rowing, made old Father
Gabriel faint away in such a manner that we despaired of his life.
With a use of a decoction of hyacinth. I had with me, and which I
found of great service on our voyage, he was restored to his senses.
We had no other subsistence but a handful of corn per man every
twenty-four hours, which we parched or boiled ; and, although re-
duced to such scanty diet, we rowed our canoes almost daily, from
morning to nio-ht. Our men found some hawthorns and other wild

o o

berries, of which they ate so freely that most of them were taken sick,
and we imagined that they were poisoned.

" Having thus refreshed ourselves, we continued our voyage directly
to the southern part of the lake, every day the country becoming finer
and the climate more temperate. On the 16th of October we fell in
with abundance of game. Our Indian hunter killed several deer and
wild goats, and our men a great many big fat turkey-cocks, with which
we regaled ourselves for several days. On the 18th we came to the
farther end of the lake. Here we landed, and our men were sent out
to prospect the locality, and found great quantities of ripe grapes, the
fruit of which were as large as damask plums. We cut down the
trees to gather the grapes, out of which we made pretty good wine,
which we put into gourds, used as flasks, and buried them in the sand
to keep the contents from turning sour. Many of the trees here are
loaded with vines, which, if cultivated, would make as good wine as
any in Europe. The fruit was all the more relishing to us, because we
wanted bread."

Other travelers besides Hennepin, passing this locality at an eai'ly
day, also mention the same fact. It would seem, therefore, that Lake
Michigan had the same modifying influence upon, and equalized the
temperature of, its eastern shore, rendering it as famous for its wild
fruits and grapes, two hundred years ago, as it has since become noted
for the abundance and perfection of its cultivated varieties.

" Our men discovered prints of men's feet. The men were ordered
to be upon guard and make no noise. In spite of this precaution, one
of our men, finding a bear upon a tree, shot him dead and dragged
him into camp. La Salle was very angry at this indiscretion, and, to
avoid surprise, placed sentinels at the canoes, under which our effects
had been put for protection against the rain. There was a hunting

SAVAGES PLITNDEEINCt LA SALLE. 39

party of Fox Indians from the vicinity of Green Bay, about one hun-
dred and twenty in number, encamped near to us, who, having heard
the noise of the gun of the man who shot the bear, became alarmed,
and sent out some of their men to discover wlio we were. These
spies, creeping upon tlieir bellies and observing great silence, came in
the night-time and stole the coat of La Salle's footman and some
goods secreted under the canoes. The sentinel, hearing a noise, gave
the alarm, and we all ran to our arms. On being discovered, and
thinking our numbers were greater than we really were, they cried
out, in the dark, that they were friends. We answered, friends did
not visit at such unseasonable hours, and that their actions were more
like those of robbers, who designed to plunder and kill us. Their
headsman replied that they heard the noise of our gun, and, as they
knew that none of tlie neighboring tribes possessed firearms, they sup-
posed we were a war party of Iroquois, come with the design of
murdering them ; but now that they learned we were Frenchmen from
Canada, whom they loved as their own brethren, they would anxiously
wait until daylight, so that they could smoke out of our calumet.
This is a compliment among the savages, and the highest mark they
can give of their affection.

" We appeared satisfied with their reasons, and gave leave to four of
their old men, only, to come into our camp, telling them we would
not permit a greater number, as their young men were much given to
stealing, and that we would not suffer such indignities. Accordingly,
four of their old men came among us ; we entertained them until
morning, when they departed. After they were gone, we found out
about the robbery of the canoes, and La Salle, well knowing the
genius of the savages, saw, if he allowed this affront to pass without
resenting it, that we would be constantly exposed to a renewal of like
•indignities. Therefore, it was resolved to exact prompt satisfaction.
La Salle, with four of his men, went out and captured two of the
Indian hunters. One of the prisoners confessed the robbery, with the
circumstances connected with it. The thief was detained, and his
comrade was released and sent to his band to tell their headsman that
the captive in custody would be put to death unless the stolen property
were returned.

" The savages were greatly perplexed at La Salle's peremptory mes-
sage. They could not comply, for they had cut up the goods and coat
and divided among themselves the pieces and the buttons ; they there-
fore resolved to rescue their man by force. The next day, October
30, they advanced to attack us. The peninsula we were encamped on

40 tllSTOUiC IJOTES ON TttK NORTHWESt.

was separated from the forest where the savages lay by a little sandy
plain, on which and near the wood were two or three eminences. La
Salle determined to take possession of tlie most prominent of these
elevations, and detached five of his men to occupy it, following him-
self, at a short distance, with all of his force, every one having rolled
their coats about the left arm, which was held up as a protection
against the arrows of the savages. Only eight of the enemy had fire-
arms. The savages were frightened at our advance, and their young
men took behind the trees, but their captains stood their ground, while
we moved forward and seized the knoll. I left the two other Francis-
cans reading the usual prayers, and w^ent about among the men exhort-
ing them to their duty; I had been in some battles and sieges in
Europe, and was not afraid of these savages, and La Salle was highly
pleased with my exhortations, and their influence upon his men.
When I considered what might be the result of the, quarrel, and how
much more Christian-like it would be to prevent the effusion of blood,
and end the difficulty in a friendly manner, I went toward the oldest
savage, who, seeing me unarmed, supposed I came with designs of a
mediator, and received me with civility. In the meantime one of our
men observed that one of the savages had a piece of the stolen cloth
wrapped about his head, and he went up to the savage and snatched
the cloth away. This vigorous action so much terrified the savages
that, although they were near six score against eleven, they presented
me with the pip^ of peace, which I received. M. La Salle gave his
word that they might come to him in security. Two of their old men
came forward, and in a speech disapproved the conduct of their
young men ; that they could not restore the goods taken, but that,
having been cut to pieces, they could only return the articles which
were not spoiled, and pay for the rest. The orators presented, with
their speeches, some garments made of beaver skins, to appease the
wrath of M. La Salle, who, frowning a little, informed them that
while he designed to wrong no one, he did not intend others should
affront or injure him ; but, inasmuch as they did not approve what
their young men had done, and were willing to make restitution for
the same, he would accept their gifts and become their friend. The
conditions were fully complied with, and peace happily concluded
without farther hostility.

" The day was spent in dancing, feasting and speech-making. The
chief of the band had taken particular notice of the behavior of the
Franciscans. ' These gray-coats,' said the chief of the Foxes, ' we
value very much. They go barefooted as well as we. They scorn our

INDIAN SPEECH TO THE GKAY-COATS. 41

beaver gowns, and decline all other presents. They do not carry arms
to kill us. They flatter and make much of our children, and give them
knives and other toys without expecting any reward. Those of our
tribe who have been to Canada tell us that Onontio (so they call the
Governor) loves them very much, and that the Fathers of the Gown
have given up all to come and see us. Therefore, you who are captain
over all these men, be pleased to leave with us one of thes3 gray-coats,
whom we will conduct to our village when we shall have killed wliat
we design of the buffaloes. Tliou art also master of these warriors ;
remain with us, instead of going among the Illinois, who, already
advised of your coming, are resolved to kill you and all of your
soldiers. And how can yon resist so powerful a nation V

" The day November 1st we again embarked on the lake, and came
to the mouth of the river of the Miamis, which comes from the south-
east and falls into tlie lake."

CHAPTEE Y.

THE SEVERAL MTAJSnS^-LA SALLe's VOYAGE DOWN THE ILLESrOIS.

Much confusion has arisen because, at different periods, the name
of " Miami " has been applied to no less than five different rivers, viz. :
The St. Joseph, of Lake Michigan ; the Maumee, often designated as
the Miami of the Lakes, to distinguish it from the Miami which falls
into the Ohio River below Cincinnati ; then there is the Little Miami
of the Ohio emptying in above its greater namesake ; and finally the
Wabash, which with more propriety bore the name of the " River of
the Miamis." The French, it is assumed, gave the name " Miami " to
the river emptying into Lake Michigan, for the reason that there was
a village of that tribe on its banks before and at the time of La Salle's
first visit, as already noted on page 24. The name was not of long
duration, for it was soon exchanged for that of St. Joseph, by which
it has ever since been known. La Hontan is the last authority who
refers to it by the name of Miami. Shortly after the year named, the
date being now unknown, a Catholic mission was established up the
river, and, Charlevoix says, about six leagues below the portage, at
South Bend, and called tlie Mission of St. Joseph ; and from this cir-
cumstance, we may safely infer, the river acquired the same name. It
is not known, either, by whom the Mission of St. Joseph was organ-
ized ; very probably, however, by Father Claude Allouez. This good
.man, and to Avhose writings the people of the West are so largely in-
debted for many valuable historical reminiscences, seems to have been
forgotten in the respect that is showered upon other more conspicuous
though less meritorious characters. The Mission of tlie Immaculate
Conception, after Marquette's death, remained unoccupied for the
space of two years, then Claude Jean AUouez received orders to pro-
ceed thither from the Mission of St. James, at the town of Maskou-
tens, on Fox River, Wisconsin. Leaving in October, 1676, on account
of an exceptionally early winter, he was compelled to delay his jour-
ney until tlie following February, when he again started ; reaching
Lake Michigan on the eve of St. Joseph, he called the lake after this
saint. Embarking on the lake on the 23d of March, and coasting

43

LA SALLE REACHES THE ST. JOSEPH. 43

along the western shore, after numerous delays occasioned by ice and
storm, he arrived at Chicago River. lie tlien made the portage and
entered the Kaskaskia vilhige, which was probably near Peoria Lake,
on the 8th of April, 1677. The Indians gave him a very cordial re-
ception, and flocked from all directions to the town to hear the " Black
Gown " relate the trnths of Christianity. For the glorification of
God and the Blessed Virgin Immaculate, Allouez "erected, in the
midst of the village, a cross twenty-five feet high, chanting the Yexilla
Regis in the presence of an admiring and respectful throng of
Indians ; he covered it with garlands of beautiful flowers." Father
Allouez did not remain but a short time at the mission ; leaving it
that spring he returned in 1678, and continued there until La Salle's
arrival in the winter of 1679-80. The next suceeding decade
Allouez ]>assed either at this mission or 'at the one on St. Joseph's
River, on the eastern side of Lake Michigan, where he died in 1690.
Bancroft says : " Allouez has imperishably connected his name with
the progress of discovery in the West ; unhonored among us now, he
was not inferior in zeal and ability to any of the great missionaries of
his time."

We resume Hennepin's narrative :

" We had appointed this place (the mouth of the St. Joseph) for
our rendezvous before leaving the outlet of Green Bay, and ex-
pected to meet the twenty men we had left at Mackinaw, who,
being ordered to come by the eastern coast of the lake, had a much
shorter cut than we, who came by the western side ; besides this, their
canoes were not so heavily laden as ours. Still, we found no one here,
nor any signs that they had been here before ns.

" It was resolved to advise M. La Salle that it was imprudent to
remain here any longer for the absent men, and expose ourselves to
the hardships of winter, when it would be doubtful if we could
find the Illinois in their villages, as then they would be divided
into families, and scattered over the country to subsist more conven-
iently. We further represented that the game might fail us, in which
event we must certainly perish with hunger ; whereas if we went
forward, we would find enough corn among the Illinois, who would
rather supply fourteen men than thirty-two with provisions. We
said further that it would be quite impossible, if we delayed longer, to
continue the voyage until the winter was over, because the rivers
would be frozen over and we could not make use of our canoes.
Notwithstanding these reasons, M. La Salle thought it necessary to
remain for the rest of the men, as we would be in no condition to

44 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NOHTHWEST.

appear before the Illinois and treat with them with onr present
small force, whom they would meet with scorn. That it would be
better to delay our entry into their country, and in the meantime try
to meet with some of their nation, learn their language, and gain their
good will by presents. La Salle concluded his discourse with the
declaration that, although all of his men might run away, as for him-
self, he would remain alone with his Indian hunter, and find
means to maintain the three missionaries — meaning me and my two
clerical brethren. Having come to this conclusion, La Salle called his
men together, and advised them that he expected each one to do his
duty ; that he proposed to build a fort here for the security of the
ship and the safety of our goods, and ourselves, too, in case of
any disaster. None of us, at this time, knew that our ship had been
lost. The men were quite 'dissatisfied at La Salle's course, but his
reasons therefor were so many that tliey yielded, and agreed to
entirely follow his directions.

" Just at the mouth of the river was an eminence with a kind of
plateau, naturally fortified. It was quite steep, of a triangular shape,
defended on two sides by the river, and on the other by a deep ravine
whicli the water had washed out. We felled the trees that grew on
this hill, and cleared from it the bushes for the distance of two musket
shot. We began to build a redoubt about forty feet long by eighty
broad, with great square pieces of timber laid one upon the other,
and then cut~ a great number of stakes, some twenty feet long, to
drive into the ground on the river side, to make the fort inaccessible
in that direction. We were employed the whole of the month of
November in this work, which was very fatiguing — having no other
food than the bears our savage killed. These animals are here very
abundant, because of the great quantity of grapes they find in this
vicinity. Their flesh was so fat and luscious that our men grew weary
of it, and desired to go themselves and hunt for wild goats. La Salle
denied them that liberty, which made some murmurs among the men,
and they went unwillingly to their work. These annoyances, with
the near approach of winter, together with the apprehension that his
ship was lost, gave La Salle a melancholy which he resolutely tried to,
but could not, conceal.

" We made a hut wherein we performed divine service every Sun-
day ; and Father Gabriel and myself, who preached alternately, care-
fully selected such texts as were suitable to our situation, and fit to
inspire us with courage, concord, and brotherly love. Our exhorta-
tions produced good results, and deterred our men from their meditated

FOKT MIAMIS. 45

desertion. "We sounded the mouth of the river and found a sand-bar,
on which we feared our expected ship might strike ; we marked out a
cliannel through which the vessel might safely enter by attaching
buoys, made of inflated bear-skins, fastened to long poles driven into
the bed of the lake. Two men were also sent back to Mackinac to
await there the return of the ship, and serve as pilots.

" M. Tonti arrived on the 20th of ISTovember with two canoes laden
with stags and deer, which were a welcome refreshment to our men.
He did not bring more than about one-half of his men, having left
the rest on the opposite side of the lake, within three days' journey of
the fort. La Salle was angry with him on this account, because he
was afraid the men would run away. Tonti's party informed us that
the Griffin had not put into Mackinaw, according to orders, and that
they had heard nothing of her since our departure, although they had
made inquiries of the savages living on the coast of the lake. This
confirmed the suspicion, or rather the belief, that the vessel had been
cast away. However, M. La Salle continued work on the building of
the fort, which was at last completed and called Fort Miamis.

" The winter was drawing nigh, and La Salle, fearful that the ice
would interrupt his voyage, sent M. Tonti back to hurry forward the
men he had left, and to command them to come to him immediately ;
but, meeting with a violent storm, their canoes were driven against
the beach and broken to pieces, and Tonti's men lost their guns ancF
equipage, and were obliged to return to us overland. A few days
after this all our men arrived except two, who had deserted. We pre-
pared at once to resume our voyage, rains having fallen that melted
the ice and made the rivers navigable.

" On the 3d of December, 1679, we embarked, being in all thirty-
three men, in eight canoes. We left the lake of the Illinois and
went up the river of the Miamis, in which we liad previously made
soundings. We made about five and twenty leagues southward, but
failed to discover the place where we were to land, and cany our
canoes and eifects into the river of the Illinois, which falls into that
of the Meschasipi, that is, in the language of the Illinois, the great
river. We had already gone beyond the place of the portage, and
not knowing where we were, we thought proper to remain there, as
we were expecting La Salle, who had taken to, the land to view the
country. We stayed here quite a while, and La Salle failing to appear,
I went a distance into the woods with two men, who fired oif their
guns to notify him of the place where we were. In the meantime two
other men went higher up the river, in canoes, in search of him. We

46 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

all returned toward evening, having vainly endeavored to find him.
The next day I went up the river myself, but hearing nothing of him,
I came l)a"ck, and found our men very much perplexed, fearing he was
lost. However, about four o'clock in the afternoon M, La Salle re-
turned to us, having his face and hands as black as pitch. He carried
two beasts as big as muskrats, whose skin was very fine and like
ermine. He had killed them w^ith a stick as they hung by their tails
to the branches of the trees.

" He told us that the marshes he had met on his way had compelled
him to bring a large compass ; and that, being much delayed by the
snow, which fell very fast, it was past midnight before he arrived upon
the banks of the river, where he fired his gun twice, and hearing no
answer, he concluded that we had gone higher up the river, and had,
therefore, marched that way. He added that, after three hours' march,
he saw a fire upon the hill, whither he went directly and hailed us
several times ; but hearing no reply, he approached and found no per-
son near the fire, but only some dry grass, upon which a man had laid
a little while before, as he conjectured, because the bed was still warm.
He sup2)osed that a savage had been occupying it, who fled upon his
approach, and was now hid in ambuscade near by. La Salle called out
loudly to him in two or three languages, saying that he need not be
afraid of him, and that he was agoing to lie in his bed. La Salle re-
ceived no answer. To guard against surprise. La Salle cut bushes and
placed them to obstruct the way, and sat down by the fire, the smoke
of which blackened his hands and face, as I have already observed.
Having warmed and rested himself, he laid down under the tree upon
the dry grass the savage had gathered and slept well, notwithstanding
the frost and snow. Father Gabriel and I desired him to keep with
his men, and not to expose himself in the future, as the success of our
enterprise depended solely on him, and he promised to follow our ad-
vice. Our savage, who remained behind to hunt, finding none of us
at the portage, came higher up the river, to where we were, and told
us we had missed the place. We sent all the canoes back under his
charge except one, which I retained for M. La Salle, who was so weary
that he was obliged to remain there that night. I made a little hut
with mats, constructed with marsh rushes, in which we laid down to-
gether for the night. By an unhappy accident our cabin took fire,
and we were very near being burned alive after we had gone to sleep."

Here follows Hennepin's description of the Kankakee portage, and
of the marshy grounds about the headwaters of the stream, as already
quoted on page 24.

ABORIGINAL NAMJE OF " KANKAKEE." 47

" Having passed through the marshes, we came to a vast prairie, in
which nothing grows but grasses, which were at this time dry and
burnt, because the Miamis set the grasses on lire every year, in hunt-
ing for wild oxen (buffalo), as I shall mention farther on. We found
no game, which was a disappointment to us, as our provisions had
begun to fail. Our men traveled about sixty miles without killing
anything other than a lean stag, a small wild goat, a few swan and
two bustards, which were but a scanty subsistence for two and thirty
men. Most of the men were become so weary of this laborious life
that, were it practicable, they would have run away and joined the
savages, who, as we inferred by the great iires which we saw on the
prairies, were not very far from us. There must be an innumerable
quantity of wild cattle in this country, since the ground here is every-
where covered with their horns. The Miamis hunt them toward the
latter end of autumn."

That part of the Illinois River above the Desplaines is called the
Kankakee, which is a corruption of its original Indian name. St.
Cosme, the narrative of whose voyage down the Illinois River, by
way of Chicago, in 1699,' and found in Dr. Shea's work of " Early
Voyages Up and Down the Mississippi," refers to it as the The-a-li-ke,
" which is the real river of the Illinois, and (says) that which w^e
descended (the Desplaines) was only a branch." Father Marest, in his
letter of November 9, 1712, narrating a journey he had previously
made from Kaskaskia up to the Mission of St. Joseph, says of the
Illinois River : " We transported all there was in the canoe toward
the source of the Illinois (Indian), which they call Hau-ki-ki. Father
Charlevoix, W'ho descended the Kankakee from the portage, in his let-
ter, dated at the source of the river Theakiki, September 17, 1721,
says : " This morning I walked a league farther in the meadow, hav-
ing my feet almost always in the water ; afterward I met with a kind
of a pool or marsh, which had. a communication with several others of
different sizes, but the largest was about a hundred paces in circuit ;
these are the sources of the river The-a-ki-ki, which, by a corrupted
pronunciation, our Indians call Ki-a-ki-ki. Tlieak signiiies a wolf, in
what language I do not remember, but the river bears that name
because the Mahingans (Mohicans), who were likewise called wolves,
had formerly taken refuge on its banks." The Mohicans were of the
Algonquin stock, anciently living east of the Hudson River, where
they had been so persecuted and nearly destroyed by the implacable
Iroquois that their tribal integrity was lost, and they were dispersed
in small families over the west, seeking protection in isolated places,

48 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

or living at sufferance among their Algonquin kindred. Tliej were
brave, faithful to the extreme, famous scouts and successful hunters.
La Salle,- appreciating these valuable traits, usually kept a few of
them in his employ. The "savage," or "hunter," so often referred to
by Hennepm, in the extracts we have taken from his journal, was a
Mohican.

In a report made to the late Governor Ninian Edwards, in 1812,
by John Hays, interpreter and Coureur de Bois of the routes, rivers
and Indian villages in the then Illinois Territory, Mr. Hays calls the
Kankakee the Quin-que-que, which was probably its French-Indian
name. Col. Guerdon S. Hubbard, who, for many years, dating back
as early as 1819, was a trader, and commanded great influence with
the bands of Pottawatomies, claiming the Kaiikakee as their country,
informs the writer that the Pottawatomie name of the Kankakee is
Ky-an-ke-a-kee, meaning "the river of the w^onderful or beautiful
land — as it really is, westward of the marshes. " A-kee," "Ali-ke " and
"Aki," in the Algonquin dialect, signifies earth or land.

The name Desplaines, like that of the Kankakee, has undergone
changes in the progress of time. On a French map of Louisiana, in
1717, the Desplaines is laid down as the Chicago Eiver. Just after
Great Britain had secured the possessions of the French east of the
Mississippi, by conquest and tr^ty, and when the British authorities
were keenly alive to everything pertaining to their newly acquired
possessions, an elaborate map, collated from the most authentic sources
by Enian Bowen, geographer to His Majesty King George the Third,
was issued, and on this map the Desplaines is laid down as the Illinois,
or Chicago Eiver. Many early French writers speak of it, as they
do of the Kankakee above the confluence, as the " River of the
Illinois." Its French Canadian name is Aio Plein, now changed to
Desjjlaines, or Riviere Au Plein, or Despleines, from a variety of hard
maple — that is to say, sugar tree. The* Pottawatomies called it She-
skik-mao-shi-ke Se-pe, signifying the river of the tree from which a
great quantity of sap flows in the spring. It has also been sanctified
by Father Zenobe Membre with the name Divine River, and by authors
of early western gazetteers, vulgarized by the appellation of Ivickapoo
Creek.

Below the confluence of the Desplaines, the Illinois River was, by
La Salle, named the Seignelay, as a mark of his esteem for the bril-
liant young Colbert, who succeeded his father as Minister of the
Marine. On the great map, prepared by the engineer Franquelin in
1684, it is called Eiver Des Illinois, or Macoupins. The name Illinois,

NAMES OF THE ILLINOIS. 49

which, fortunately, it will always bear, was derived from the name of
the confederate tribes who anciently dwelt nj)on its banks.

" We continued our course," says Hennepin, " upon this river (the
Kankakee and Illinois) very near the whole month of December, at
the latter end of which we arrived at a village of the Illinois, which
lies near a hundred and thirty leagues from Fort Miamis, on the Lake
of the Illinois. We suffered greatly on the passage, for the savages
having set lire to the grass on the prairie, the wild cattle had fled, and
we did not kill one. Some wild turkeys were the only game we
secured. God's providence supported us all the while, and as we
meditated upon the extremities to which we were reduced, regarding
ourselves without hope of relief, we found a very large wild ox
sticking fast in the mud of the river. We killed him, and with much
difliculty dragged him out of the mud. This was a great refreshment
to our m#n ; it revived their courage — being so timely and unexpect-
edly relieved, they concluded that God approved our undertaking.

The great village of the Illinois, where La Salle's party had now
arrived, has been located with such certainty by Francis Parkman, the
learned historical writer, as to leave no doubt of its identity. It was
on the north side of the Illinois River, above the mouth of the Yer-
mill on and below Starved Rock, near the little village of Utica, in
La Salle county, Illinois.

"We found," continues Father Hennepin, "no one in the vil-
lage, as we had foreseen, for the Illinois, according to their custom,
had divided themselves into small hunting parties. Their absence
caused great perplexity amongst us, for we wanted provisions, and yet
did not dare to meddle with the Indian corn the savages had laid
under ground for their subsistence and for seed. However, our neces-
sity being very great, and it being impossible to continue our voyage
without any provisions, M. La Salle resolved to take about forty
bushels of corn, and hoped to appease the savages with presents. We
embarked again, with these fresh provisions, and continued to fall
down the river, which runs directly toward the south. On the 1st of
January we went through a lake (Peoria Lake) formed by the river,
about seven leagues long and one broad. The savages call that place
Pimeteoui, that is, in their tongue, ' a place where there is an abun-
dance of fat animals.' "

Resuming Hennepin's narrative : " The current brought us, in the
meantime, to the Indian camp, and M. La Salle was the first one to
land, followed closely by his men, which increased the consternation
of the savages, whom we easily might have defeated. As it was

50 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

not our design, we made a lialt to give them time to recover them-
selves and to see that we were not enemies. Most of the savages who
had run away upon our landing, understanding that we were
friends, returned ; but some others did not come back for three or four
days, and after they had learned that we had smoked the calumet.

" I must observe here, that the hardest winter does not last longer
than two months in this charming country, so that on the 15th of Jan-
uary there came a sudden thaw, which made the rivers navigable, and
the weather as mild as it is in France in the middle of the spring.
M. La Salle, improving this fair season, desired me to go dowii the
river with him to choose a place proper to build a fort. We selected
an eminence on the bank of the river, defended on that side by the
river, and on two others by deep ravines, so that it was accessible only
on one side. We cast a trench to join the two ravines, and made the
eminence steep on that side, supporting the earth with grea% pieces of
timber. We made a rough palisade to defend ourselves in case the
Indians should attack us while we were engaged in building the fort ;
but no one offering to disturb us, we went on diligently with our
work. When the fort was half finished, M. La Salle lodged himself,
with M. Tonti, in 'the middle of the fortification, and every one took
his post. We placed the forge on the curtain on the side of the
wood, and laid in a great quantity of coal for that purpose. But our
greatest difficulty was to build a boat — our carpenters having deserted
us, we did not know what to do. However, as timber was abundant
and near at hand, we told our men that if any of them would under-
take to saw boards for building the bark, we might surmount all other
difficulties. Two of the men undertook the task, and succeeded so
well that we began to build a bark, the keel whereof was forty-two
feet long. Our men went on so briskly with the work, that on the
1st of March our boat was half built, and all the timber ready pre-
pared for furnishing it. Our fort was also very near finished, and we
named it ' Fort Crevecoeur,' because the desertion of our men, and
other difficulties we had labored under, had almost ' broken our
hearts.' "

" M. La Salle," says Hennepin, " no longer doubted that the Griffin
was lost ; but neither this nor other difficulties dejected him. His
great courage buoyed him up, and he resolved to return to Fort Fron-
tenao by land, notwithstanding the snow, and the great dangers attend-
ing so long a journey. We had many private conferences, wherein it
was decided that he should return to Fort Frontenac with three men,
to bring with him the necessary articles to proceed with the discovery,

A GEEAT FEAT. 51

while I, with two men, should go in a canoe to the River Meschasipi,
and endeavor to obtain the friendship of the nations who inhabited
its banks.

"M. La Salle left Tonti to command in Fort Crevecosur, and
ordered our carpenter to prepare some thick boards to plank the deck
of our ship, in the nature of a parapet, to cover it against the arrows
of the savages in case they should shoot at us from the shore. Then,
calling his men together, La Salle requested them to obey M, Tonti's
orders in his absence, to live in Christian union and charity ; to be
courageous and firm in their designs, and above all not to give credit
to false reports the savages might make, either of him or of their
comrades who accompanied Father Hennepin."

Hennepin and his two companions, with a supply of trinkets suit-
able for the Indian trade, left Fort Crevecoeur for the Mississippi, on
the 29th oi February, 1680, and were captured by the Sioux, as al-
ready stated. From this time to the ultimate discovery and taking
possession of the Mississippi and the valleys by La Salle, Father
Zenobe Membre was the historian of the expedition.

La Salle started across the country, going up the Illinois and Kan-
kakee, and through the southern part of the present State of Mich-
igan. He reached the Detroit River ; ferrying the stream with a raft,
he at length stood on Canadian soil. Striking a direct line across the
wilderness, he arrived at Lake Erie, near Point Pelee. By this time
only one man remained in health, and with his assistance La Salle made
a canoe. Embarking in it the party came to Niagara on Easter Mon-
day. Leaving his comrades, who were completely exhausted, La Salle
on the 6th of May reached Fort Frontenac, making a journey of over
a thousand miles in sixty-five days, " the greatest feat ever performed
by a Frenchman in America."

La Salle found his afPairs in great confusion. His creditors had
seized upon his estate, including Fort Frontenac. Undaunted by this
new misfortune, he confronted his creditors and enemies, pacifying
the former and awing the latter into silence. He gathered the frag-
ments of his scattered property and in a short time started west with
a company of twenty-five men, whom he had recruited to assist in the
prosecution of his discoveries. He reached Lake Huron by the way
of Lake Simcoe, and shortly afterwards arrived at Mackinaw. Here he
found that his enemies had been very busy, and had poisoned the minds
of the Indians against his designs.

We leave La Salle at Mackinaw to notice some of the occurrences
that took place on the Illinois and St. Joseph after he had departed

Oa HISTORIC NOTES ON THE N0ETHWE6T.

for Fort Frontenac. On this journey, as La Salle passed up the Illi-
nois he was favorably impressed with Starved Koek as a place present-
ing strong defences naturally. He sent word back to Tonti, below
Peoria Lake, to take possession of " The Rock " and erect a fortili
cation on its summit. Tonti accordingly came up the river . with a
part of his available force and began to work upon the new fort.
While engaged in this enterprise the principal part of the men re-
maining at Fort Crevecoeur mutinied. They destroyed the vessel on
the stocks, plundered the storehouse, escaped up the Illinois River and
appeared before Fort Miami. These deserters demolished Fort
Miami and robbed it of goods and furs of La Salle, on deposit there,
and then fled out of the country. These misfortunes were soon fol-
lowed by an incursion of the Iroquois, who attacked the Illinois in
their village near the Starved Rock. Tonti acting as mediator, came
near losing his life at the hand of an infuriated Iroquois warrior, who
drove a knife into his ribs. Constantly an object of distrust to the
Illinois, who feared he was a spy and friend of the Iroquois, in turn
exposed to the jealousy of the Iroquois, who imagined he and his
French friends were allies of the Illinois, Tonti remained faithful to
his trust until he saw that he could not avert the blow meditated by
the Iroquois. Then, with Fathers Zenobe Membre and Gabriel
Rebourde, and a few Frenchmen who had remained faithful, he
escaped from the enraged Indians and made his way, in a leaky canoe,
up the Illinois River. Father Gabriel one fine day left his com-
panions on the river to enjoy a walk in the beautiful groves near by,
and while thus engaged, as he was meditating upon his holy call-
ing, fell into an ambuscade of Kickapoo Indians. The good old man,
unconscious of his danger, was instantly knocked down, the scalp torn
from his venerable head, and his gray hairs afterward exhibited in tri-
umph by his young murderers as a trophy taken from the crown of an
Iroquois warrior. Tonti, with those in his company, pursued his
course, passing by Chicago, and thence up the west shore of Lake
Michigan. Subsisting on berries, and often on acorns and roots which
they dug from the ground, they finally arrived at the Pottawatomie
towns. Previous to this they abandoned their canoe and started on
foot for the Mission of Green Bay, where they wintered.

La Salle, when he ariived at St. Joseph, found Fort Miamis plun-
dered and demolished. He also learned that the Iroquois had attacked
the Illinois. Fearing for the safety of Tonti, he pushed on rapidly,
only to find, at Starved Rock, the unmistakable signs of an Indian
slaughter. The report was true. The Iroquois had defeated the Illi-

DESCRiPTIOlsr OF TlIE MtSSOURl. 53

nois and driven them west of the Mississippi, La Salle viewed the
wreck of his cherished project, the demolition of the fort, the loss of
his peltries, and especially the destruction of his vessel, in that usual
calm way peculiar to him ; and, although he must have suffered the
most intense anguish, no trace of sorrow or indecision .appeared on his
inflexible countenance. Shortly afterward he returned to Fort Miamis.
La Salle occupied his time, until spring, in rebuilding Fort Miamis,
holding conferences with the surrounding Indian tribes, and confeder-
ating them against future attacks of the Iroquois. He now abandoned
the purpose of descending the Mississippi in a sailing vessel, and de-
termined to prosecute his voyage in the ordinary wooden pirogues or
canoes.

Tonti was sent forward to Chicago Creek, where he constructed a
number of sledges. After other preparations had been made. La Salle
and his party left St. Joseph and came around the southern extremity
of the lake. The goods and effects were placed on the sledges pre-
pared by Tonti. La Salle's party consisted of twenty-three French-
men and eighteen Indians. The savages took with them ten squaws
and three children, so that the party numbered in all fifty-four persons.
They had to make the portage of the Chicago River. After dragging
their canoes, sledges, baggage and provisions about eighty leagues
over the ice, on the Desplaines and Illinois Rivers, they came to the
great Indian town. It was deserted, the savages having gone down
the river to Lake Peoria. From Peoria Lake the navigation was open,
and embarking on the 6th of February, they soon arrived at the Mis-
sissippi. Here, owing to floating ice, they were delayed till the 13th
of the same month. Membre describes the Missouri as follows : " It is
full as large as the Mississippi, into which it empties, troubling it so
that, from tlie mouth of the Ozage (Missouri), the water is hardly
drinkable. The Indians assured us that this river is formed by many
others, and that they ascend it for ten or twelve days to a mountain
where it rises ; that beyond this mountain is the sea, where they see
great ships ; that on the river are a great number of large villages.
Although this river is very large, the Mississippi does not seem aug-
mented by it, but it pours in so much mud that, from its mouth, the
water of the great river, whose bed is also slimy, is more like clear
mud than river water, without changing at all till it reaches the sea, a
distance of more than three hundred leagues, although it receives seven
large rivers, the water of which is very beautiful, and which are almost
as large as the Mississippi." From this time, until they neared the
mouths of the Mississippi, nothing especially worthy of note occurred.

54 HISTORIC ISrOTES ON THJi NORTilWJESf.

On the 6 til of April tliej came to the place where the river divides
itself into three channels. M. La Salle took the western, the Sieur
Dautray the southern, and Tonti, accompanied "by Menibre, followed
the middle channel. The three channels were beautiful and deep.
The water became brackish, and two leagues further it became perfectly
salt, and advancing on they at last beheld the Gulf of Mexico. La
Salle, in a canoe, coasted the borders of the sea, and then the parties
assembled on a dry spot of ground not far from the mouth of the river.
On the 9th of April, with all the pomp and ceremony of the Holy
Catholic Church, La Salle, in the name of the French king, took jjos-
session of the Mississippi and all its tributaries. First they chanted
the " Yexilla Regis " and " Te Deum," and then, while the assembled
voyagers and their savage attendants fired their muskets and shouted
" Yive le Roi," La Salle planted the column, at the same time pro-
claiming, in a loud voice, " In the name of the Most High, Mighty,
Invincible, and. Yictorious Prince, Louis the Great, by the Grace of
God King of France and of Navarre, Fourteenth of that name, I, this
9th day of April, one thousand six hundred and eighty-two, in virtue
of the commission of His Majesty, which I hold in my hand, and
which may be seen by all whom it may concern, have taken, and do
now take, in the name of His Majesty and his successors to rhe crown,
possession of this country of Louisiana, the seas, harbors, ports, bays,
adjacent straits, and all the people, nations, provinces, cities, towns,
villages, minerals, fisheries, streams and rivers, within the extent
of the said Louisiana, from the mouth of the great river St. Louis,
otherwise called Ohio, as also along the river Colbert, or Mississippi,
and the rivers which discharge themselves therein, from its source
beyond the country of the Kadonessious (Sioux), as far as its mouth
at the sea, and also to the mouth of the river of Palms, upon the
assurance we have had from the natives of these countries that we
were the first Europeans who have descended or ascended the river
Colbert (Mississipj)i) ; hereby protesting against all who may hereafter
undertake to invade any or all of these aforesaid countries, peoples or
lands, to the prejudice of His Majesty, acquired by the consent of the
nations dwelling herein. Of which, and of all else that is needful, I
hereby take to witness those who hear me, and demand an act of the
notary here present."

At the foot of the tree to which the cross was attached La Salle
caused to be buried a leaden plate, on one side of which were engraven
the arms of France, and on the opposite the following Latin inscrip-
tion:

TAKING POSSESSION OP LOUISIANA. 55

LVDOVICUS MAGNUS EEGNAT.

NONO APRILIS CIO IOC LXXXII.
ROBERTVS CAVALIER, CVM DOMINO DETONTI LEGATO, R. P. ZENO-
BIO MEMBRE, RECCOLLECTO, ET VIGINTI GALLIS PRIMVS HOC
FLYMEN, INDE AB ILINEORVM PAGO ENAVAGAVIT, EZVQUE OSTIVM
FECIT PERVIVM, NONO APRILIS ANNI.

CIO IOC LXXXIL

Note. —The following is a translation of tlie inscription on the leaden plate:

" Louis the Great reigns.

" Robert Cavalier, with Lord Tonti as Lieutenant, R. P. Zenobe Membre, Recollect,

and twenty Frenchmen, first navigated this stream from the country of the Illinois,

and also passed through its mouth, on the 9th of April, 1683."

After which, La Salle remarked that His Majesty, who was the
eldest son of the Holy Catholic Church, would not annex any country
to his dominion without giving especial attention to establish the
Christian religion therein. He then proceeded at once to erect a
cross, before which the " Vexilla " and " Domine Salvum fac Regem "
were sung. The ceremony was concluded by shouting " Vive le
Eoi ! "

Thus was completed the discovery and taking possession of the
Mississippi valley. By that indisputable title, the right of discovery,
attested by all those formalities recognized as essential by the laws of
nations, the manuscript evidence of which was duly certified by a
notary public brought along for that purpose, and witnessed by the
signatures of La Salle and a number of other persons present on the
occasion, France became the owner of all that vast country drained by
the Mississippi and its tributaries. Bounded by the AUeghanies on
the east, and the Eocky Mountains on the west, and extending from
an undefined limit on the north to the burning sands of the Gulf on
the south. Embracing within its area every variety of climate, watered
with a thousand beautiful streams, containing vast prairies and exten-
sive forests, with a rich and fertile soil that only awaited the husband-
man's skill to yield bountiful harvests, rich in vast beds of bituminous
coal and deposits of ii'on, copper and other ores, this magnificent
domain w*as not to become the seat of a religious dogma, enforced by
the power of state, but was designed under the hand of God to become
the center of civilization — the heart of the American republic — where
the right of conscience was to be free, without interference of law,
and where universal liberty should only be restrained in so far as

56 IlISTOKiO NOTES ON THE NOttTHWEST.

its unrestrained exercise might conflict with its equal enjoyment by
all.

Had France, with the same energy she displayed in discovering
Louisiana, retained her grasp upon this territory, the dominant race in
the valley of the Mississippi would have been Gallic instead of Anglo-
Saxon.

The manner in which France lost this possession in America will
be referred to in a subsequent chapter.

CHAPTER VI.

THE MIAMIS THE MIAMI, PIANKESHAW, AND WEA BANDS.

The people known to us as the Miamis formerlj^ dwelt beyond the
Mississippi, and, according to their own traditions, came originally
from tlie Pacific. " If what I have heard asserted in several places be
true, tlie Illinois and Miamis- came from the banks of a very distant
sea to the westward. It would seem that their first stand, after they
made their first descent into this country, was at Moingona. At least
it is certain that one of their tribes bears that name. The rest are
knowm under the name of Peorias, Tamaroas, Caoquias and Kaskas-
kias."

The migration of the Miamis from the west of the Mississippi,
eastward through Wisconsin and northern Illinois, aroi;nd the south-
ern end of Lake Michigan to Detroit, and thence up the Maumee and
down the Wabash, and eastward through Indiana into Ohio as far as
the Great Miami, can be followed through the mass of records handed
down to us from the missionaries, travelers and officers connected with
the French. Speaking of the mixed village of Maskoutens, situated
on Fox Piver, Wisconsin, at the time of his visit there in 1670, Father
Claude Dablon says the village of the Fire-nation " is joined in the
circle of the same barriers to another people, named Oumiami, w^hich
is one of the Illinois nations, which is, as it were, dismembered from
the others, in order to dwell in these quarters. It is beyond this great
river that are placed the Illinois of whom we speak, and from whom
are detached those who dwell here with the Fire-nation to form here
a transplanted colony." •

From the quotations made there remains little doubt that the Mi-
amis were originally a branch of the great Illinois nation. This theory
is confirmed by writers of our own time, among whom we may men-
tion General William H. Harrison, whose long acquaintance and official
connection with the several bands of the Miamis and Illinois gave him
the opportunities, of which he availed himself, to acquire an intimate
knowledge concerning them. "Although the language, manners
and customs of the Kaskaskias make it sufficiently certain that they

68 tiiSTORlc isroTES oisr th£ nosthwest.

derived tlieir origin from the same source with the Miamis, the con-
nection had been dissolved before the French had penetrated from
Canada to the Mississippi." The assertion of General Harrison that
the tribal relation between the Illinois and Miamis had been broken
at the time of the discovery of the Upper Mississippi valley by the
French is sustained with great unanimity by all other authorities. In
the long and disastrous wars waged upon the Illinois by the Iroquois,
Sacs and Foxes, Kickapoos and other enemies, we have no instance
given where the Miamis ever offered assistance to their ancient kins-
men. After the separation, on the contrary, they often lifted the
bloody hatchet against them.

Father Dablon, in the narrative from which we have quoted, gives
a detailed account of the civility of the Miamis at Mascouten, and the
formality and court routine with which their great chief was sur-
rounded. " The chief of the Miamis, whose name was Tetinchoua,
was surrounded by the most notable people of the village, who, assum-
ing the role of courtiers, with civil posture full of deference, and
keeping always a respectful silence, magnified the greatness of their
king. The chief and his routine gave Father Dablon every mark of
their most distinguished esteem. The physiognomy of the chief was
as mild and as attractive as any one could wish to see ; and while his
reputation as a warrior was great, his features bore a softness which
charmed all those who beheld him."

^Nicholas Perrot, with Sieur de St. Lussin, dispatched by Talon, the
intendant, to visit the westward nations, with whom the French had
intercourse, and invite them to a council to be held the following
spring at the Sault Ste. Marie, was at this Miami village shortly after
the visit of Dablon. Perrot was treated with great consideration by
the Miamis. Tetinchoua " sent out a detachment to meet the French
agent and receive him in military style. The detachment advanced in
battle array, all the braves adorned with feathers, armed at all points,
were uttering war cries from time to time. The Pottawatomies who
escorted Perrot, seeing them come in this guise, perpared to receive
them in the same manner, and Perrot put himself at their head.
When the two troops were in face of each other, they stopped as if to
take breath, then all at once Perrot took the right, the Miamis the
left, all running in Indian file, as though they wished to gain an ad-
vantage to charge.

" But the Miamis wheeling in the form of an arc, the Pottawat-
omies were invested on all sides. Then both uttered loud yells, which
were the signals for a kind of combat. The Miamis fired a volley

gUBbtVISIOlsrS OF THE MlAMIS. 59

from their guns, wliicli were only loaded with powder, and the Potta-
watoinies returned it in the same way ; after this they closed, toma-
hawk in hand, all the blows being received on the tomahawks. Peace
was then made ; the Miamis jDresented the calumet to Perrot, and led
him with all his chief escort into the town, where the great chief as-
signed him a guard of fifty men, regaled him magnificently after the
custom of the country, and gave him the diversion of a game of ball.
The Miami chief never spoke to his subjects, but imparted his orders
through some of his officers. On account of his advanced age he was
dissuaded from attending the council to be held at Ste. Marie, between
the French and the Indians; however, he deputized the Pottawatomies
to act in his name.

This confederacy called themselves " Miamis ," and by this name
were known to the surrounding tribes. The name was not bestowed
upon them by the French, as some have assumed from its resemblance
to 3fon-ami, because they were the friends of the latter. When
Hennepin was captured on the Mississippi by a war party of the
Sioux, these savages with their painted faces rendered more hideous
by the devilish contortions of their features, cried out in angry voices,
" '•Mia-Jiama ! Mia-hama P and we made signs with our oars upon the
sand, that the Miamis, their enemies, of whom they were in search,
had passed the river upon their flight to join the Illinois."

" The confederacy which obtained the general appellation of
Miamis, from the superior numbers of the individual tribe to whom
that name more properly belonged," were subdivided into thi-ee
principal tribes or bands, namely, the Miamis proper, Weas and
Piankeshaws. French writers have given names to two or three other
subdivisions or families of the three principal bands, whose identity
has never been clearly traced, and who figure so little in the accounts
which we have of the Miamis, that it is not necessary here to specify
their obslete names. The different ways of wi-iting Miamis are :
Oumiamwek, Oumamis, Maumees, Au-Miami (contracted to Au-Mi
and Omee) and Mine-ami.

The French called the Weas Ouiatenons, Syatanons, Ouyatanons
and Ouias ; the English and Colonial traders spelled the word, Ouic-
atanon, Way-ough-ta-nies, Wawiachtens, and Wehahs.

For the Piankeshaws, or Pou-an-lce-M-as, as they were called in the
earliest accounts, we have Peanguichias, Pian-gui-shaws, Pyan-ke-shas
and Pianquishas.

The Miami tribes were known to the Iroquois, or Five Nations of
New York, as the Twight-wees^ a name generally adoj)ted b^' the

60 fiiSTOHic IsroTiis on tMe NoktiiWesT.

British, as well as by the American colonists. Of this name there
are various corruptions in pronounciation and spelling, examples oi
which we have in " Twich-twichs," " Twick-twicks," " Twis-twicks,"
" Twigh-twees," and " Twick-tovies." The insertion of these many
names, applied to one people, would seem a tedious superfluity, were
it otherwise possible to retain the identity of the tribes to which these
different appellations have been given by the French, British and
American officers, traders and writers. It will save the reader much
perplexity in perusing a history of the Miamis if it is borne in mind
that all these several names refer to the Miami nation or to one or
the other of its respective bands.

Besides the colony mentioned by Dablon and Charlevoix, on the
Fox River of Wisconsin, Hennepin informs us of a village of Miamis
soutli ^nd west of Peoria Lake at the time he was at the latter place
in 1679, and it was probably this village whose inhabitants the Sioux
were seeking. St. Cosme, in 1699, mentions the '• village of the
' Peanzichias-Miamis, who formerly dwelt on the of the Missis-
sippi, and who had come some years previous and settled ' on the
Illinois Piver, a few miles below the confluence of the Des Plaines."

The Miamis were within the territory of La Salle's colony, of
which Starved Pock was the center, and counted thirteen hundred
warriors. The Weas and Piankeshaws were also there, the former
having five hundred warriors and the Piankeshaw band one hundred
and fifty. This was prior to 1687. At a later day the Weas " were
at Chicago, but being afraid of the canoe people, left it." Sieur de
Courtmanche, sent westward in 1701 to negotiate with the tribes in
that part of Kew France, was at " Chicago, where he found some
Weas (Ouiatanons), a Miami tribe, who had sung the war-song
against the Sioux and the Iroquois. He obliged them to lay down
their arms and extorted from them a promise to send deputies to
Montreal."

In a letter dated in 1Y21, published in his " Narrative Journal,"
Father Charlevoix, speaking of the Miamis about the head of Lake
Michigan, says : " Fifty years ago the Miamis were settled on the
southern extremity of Lake Michigan, in a place called Chicagou,
from the name of a small river which runs into the lake, the source
of which is not far distant from that of the river of the Illinois;
they are at present divided into three villages, one of which stands
on the river St. Joseph, the second on another river which bears
their name and runs into Lake Erie, and the third upon the river

A.WAE WITU THE SIOUX. 61

Ouabac'lie, wliicli empties its waters into the Mississippi. These last
are better known by the appeHation of Ouyatanons."

In 1694, Count Frontenac, in a conference with the Western
Indians, requested the Miamis of the Pepikokia band who resided on
the Maramek, to remove and join the tribe which was located on the
Saint Joseph, of Lake Michigan. The reason for this request, as
stated by Frontenac himself, was, that he wished the different bands
of the Miami confederacy to unite, " so as to be able to execute with
greater facility the commands which he might issue." At that
time the Iroquois were at war with Canada, and the French were
endeavoring to persuade the western tribes to take up the toma-
hawk in their behalf. 'The Miamis promised to observe the Gov-
ernor's wishes and began to make preparations for the removal.

"Late in August, 1696, they started to join their brethren settled
on the St. Joseph. On their way they were attacked by the Sioux,
who killed several. The Miamis of the St. Joseph, learning this
hostility, resolved to avenge their slaughter. They pursued the Sioux
to their own country, and found them entrenched in their fort with
some Frenchmen of the class known as coureurs des bois (bushlopers).
They nevertheless attacked them repeatedly with great resolution, but
were repulsed, and at last compelled to retire, after losing several of
their braves. On their way home, meeting other Frenchmen carrying
arms and ammunition to the Sioux, they seized all they had, but did
them no harm."

The Miamis were very nmch enraged at the French for supplying
their enemies, the Sioux, with guns and ammunition. It took all the
address of Count Frontenac to prevent them from joining the
Iroquois; indeed, they seized upon the French agent and trader,
Nicholas Perrot, who had been commissioned to lead the Maramek
band to the St. Josephs, and would have burnt him alive had it not
been for the Foxes, who interposed in his behalf. This was the
connnencement of the bitter feeling of hostility with which, from
that time, a part of the Miamis always regarded the French. From
this period the movements of the tribe were observed by the French
with jealous suspicion.

We have already shown that in 1699 the Miamis were at Fort
Wayne, engaged in transferring across their portage emigrants from
Canada to Louisiana, and that, within a few years after, the Weas
are described as having their fort and several miles of cultivated
fields on the Wea plains below La Fayette. From the extent and
character of these improvements, it may be safely assumed that the

62 HISTOKIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST,

Weas had been established here some years prior to 1Y18, the date of
the Memoir.

When the French first discovered the Wabash, the Piankeshaws
were found in possession of the land on either side of that stream,
from its mouth to the Yennilion River, and no claim had ever
been made to it by any other tribe until 1804, the period of a ces-
sion of a part of it to the United States by the Delawares, who had
obtained their title from the Piankeshaws themselves.

We have already seen that at. the time of the first account we
have relating to the Maumee and the Wabash, the Miamis had vil-
lages and extensive improvements near Fort Wayne, on the Wea
prairie below La Fayette, on the Vei'milion of the Wabash, and at
Yincennes. At a later day they established villages at other places,
viz., near the forks of the Wabash at Huntington, on the Mississin-
ewa, on Eel River near Logunsport, while near the source of this
river, and westward of Fort Wayne, was the village of the " Little
Turtle." Near the mouth of the Tippecanoe was a sixth village.
Passing below the Yermilion, the Miamis had other villages, one on
Sugar Creek and another near Terre Haute.

The country of the Miamis extended west to the watershed between
the Illinois and Wabash rivers, which separated their possessions from
those of their brethren, the Illinois. On the north were the Potta-
watomies, who were slowly but steadily pushing their lines southward
into the territory of the Miamis. The superior numbers of the
Miamis and their great valor enabled them to extend the limit of their
hunting grounds eastward into Ohio, and far within the territory
claimed by the Iroquois. " They were the undoubted proprietors of
all that beautiful country watered by the Wabash and its tributaries,
and there remains as little doubt that their claim extended as far east
as the Scioto."

Unlike the Illinois, the Miamis held their own until they were
placed upon an equal footing with the tribes eastward by obtaining
possession of fire-arms. With these implements of civilized warfare
they were able to maintain their tribal integrity and the independence
they cherished. They were not to be controlled by the French, nor did
they sufEer enemies from any quarter to impose upon them without
prompt retaliation. They traded and fought with the Frencli, English
and Americans as their interests or passions inclined. They made
peace or declared war against other nations of their own race as policy
or caprice dictated. More than once they compelled even the arro-
gant Iroquois to beg from the governors of the American colonies

A WAKLIKE PEOPLE. 68

that protection which they themselves had failed to seciire by their
own prowess. Bold, independent and flushed with success, the Mi-
imis afforded a poor field for missionary work, and the Jesuit relations
and pastoral letters of the French priesthood have less to say of the
Miamis confederacy than any of the other western tribes, the Kicka-
poos alone excepted.

The country of the Miamis was accessible, by way of the lakes,
to the fur trader of Canada, and from the eastward, to the adven-
turers engaged in the Indian trade from Pennsylvania, New York
and Virginia, either by way of the Ohio River or a connnerce car-
ried on overland by means of pack-horses. The English and the
French alike coveted their peltries and sought their powerful alli-
ance; therefore the Miamis were harrassed with the jealousies and
diplomacy of both, and if they or a part of their several tribes be-
came inveigled into an alliance with the one, it involved the hostility
of the other. The French government sought to use them to check
the westward advance of the British colonial influenae, while tlie
latter desired their assistance to curb the French, whose ambitions
schemes involved nothing less than the exclusive subjugation of
the entire countries westward of the Alleghanies.- Jn these wars
between the French and the English the Miamis were constantly re-
duced in numbers, and whatever might have been the result to either
of the former, it only ended in disaster to themselves. Sometimes
they divided , again they were entirely devoted to the interest of the
English and Iroquois. Then they joined the French against the Brit-
ish and Iroquois, and when the British ultimately obtained the mastery
and secured the valley of the Mississippi — the long sought for prize —
the Miamis entered the <3onfederacy of Pontiac to drive them out of
the country. They fought with the British — except the Piaukeshaw
band — against the colonies during the revolutionary war. After its
close their young men were largely occupied in the predatory warfare
waged by the several Maumee and Wabasli tribes upon the frontier
settlements of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Kentucky. They
likewise entered the confederacy of Tecumseh, and, either openly or
in secret sympathy, they were the allies of the British in the war of
1812. Their history occupies a conspicuous place in the military
annals of the west, extending over a period of a century, during which
time they maintained a manly struggle to retain possession of their
homes in the valleys of the Wabash and Maumee.

The disadvantage under which the Miamis labored, in encounters
with their enemies, before they obtained fire-arms, was often overcome

64 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

bj the exercise of tlieir cunning and bravery. " In the year 1680
the Miamis and Illinois were hunting on the St. Joseph River. A
party of four hundred Iroquois surprised them and killed thirty or
forty of their hunters and captured three hundred of their women
and children. After the victors had rested awhile they prepared to
return to their homes by easy journeys, as they had reason to believe
that they could reach their own villages before the defeated enemy
would have time to rally and give notice of their disaster to those of
their nation who were hunting in remoter places. But they were de-
ceived; for the Illinois and Miamis rallied to the nmnber of two
hundred, and resolved to die fighting rather than suffer their women
and cliildren to be cariied away. In the meantime, because they were
not equal to their enemies in equipment of arms or numbers, they con-
trived a notable stratagem.

After the Miamis had duly considered in what way they would at-
tack the Iroquois, they decided to follow them, keeping a small dis-
tance in the rear, until it should rain. The heavens seemed to favor
their plan, for, after awhile it began to rain, and rained continually
the whole day from morning until night. When the rain began to
fall the Miamis quickened their march and passed by the Iroquois,
and took a position two leagues in advance, where they lay in an am-
buscade, hidden by the tall grass, in the middle of a prairie, which
the Iroquois had to cross in order to reach the woods beyond, where
they designed to kindle fires and encamp for the night. The Illinois
and Miamis, lying at full length in the grass on either side of the trail,
waitiid until the Iroquois were in their midst, when they shot off their
arrows, and then attacked vigorously with their clubs. The Iroquois
endeavored to use their fire-arms, but finding them of no service be-
cause the rain had dampened and spoiled the priming, threw them
upon the ground and undertook to defend themselves with their clubs.
In the use of the latter weapon the Iroquois were no match for their
more dexterous and nimble enemies. They were forced to 'yield the
contest, and retreated, fighting until night came on. They lost one
hundred and eighty of their warriors.

The fight lasted about an hour, and would have continued through
the night, were it not that the Miamis and Illinois feared that their
women and children (left in the rear and bound) would be exposed to
some surprise in the dark. The victors rejoined their women and
children, and possessed tliemselves of the fire-arms of their enemies.
The Miamis and Illinois then returned to their own country, wHhout
taking one Iroquois for fear of weakening themselves.

DEFEAT OF THE IROQUOIS. 65

Failing in their first efforts to withdraw the Miamis from the
French, and secure their fur trade to the merchants at Albany and
New York, the English sent their allies, the Iroquois, against them.
A series of encounters between the two tribes was the result, in which
the blood of both was profusely shed, to further the purposes of a
purely commercial transaction.

In these engagements the Senecas — a tribe of the Iroquois, or Five
N"ations, residing to the west of the other tribes of the confederacy,
and, in consequence, being nearest to the Miamis, and more directly
exposed to their fury — were nearly destroyed at the outset. The
Miamis followed up their success and drove the Senecas behind the
palisades that inclosed their villages. For three years the war was
carried on with a bitterness only known to exasperated savages.

When at last, the Iroquois saw that they could no longer defend them-
selves against the Miamis, they appeared in council before the Gover-
nor of New York, and, pityingly, claimed protection from him, who,
to say the least, had remained silent and permitted his own people to
precipitate this calamity upon them.

" You say you will support us against all your kings and our enem-
ies ; we will then forbear keeping any more correspondence with the
French of Canada if the great King of England will defend our
people from the TwichUoichs and other nations over whom the French
have an influence and have encouraged to destroy an abundance
of our people, even since the peace hetween the two crowns" etc.

The governor declined sending troops to protect the Iroquois
against their enemies, but informed them: "You must be serisible
that the Dowaganhaes, Twichtwicks, etc., and other remote Indians,
are vastly more numerous than you Five Nations, and that, by
their continued warring upon you, they will, in a few years, totally
destroy you. I should, therefore, think it pruderice and good policy
in you to try all possible means to fix a. trade and correspondence
with all those nations, by which means you would reconcile them to
yourselves, and with my assistance, I am in hopes that, in a short
time, they might be united with us in the covenant chain, and then
you might at all times, without hazard, go hunting into their
country, which, I understand, is much the best for beaver. I wish
you would try to bring some of them to speak to me, and perhajjs
I might prevail upon them to come and live amongst you. I should
think myself obliged to reward you for such a piece of service as I
tender your good advantage, and will always use my best endeavor
to preserve you from all your enemies.

5

66 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

The conference continued several days, during which the Iroquois
stated their grievances in numerous speeches, to which the governor
graciously replied, using vague terms and making no promises, after
the manner of the extract from his speech above quoted, but placed
great stress on the value of the fur trade to the English, and enjoining
his brothers, the Iroquois, to bring all their peltries to Albany ; to
maintain their old alliance with the English, offensive and
defensive, and have no intercourse whatever, of a friendly nature,
with the rascally French of Canada.

The Iroquois declined to follow the advice of the governor,
deeming it of little credit to their courage to sue for peace. In the
meantime the governor sent emissaries out among the Miamis, with
an invitation to open a trade with the English. The messengers were
captured by the commandant at Detroit, and sent, as prisonei;s, to
Canada. However, the Miamis, in July, 1702, sent, through the
sachems of the Five Nations, a message to the governor at Albany,
advising him that many of the Miamis, with another nation, had
removed to, and were then living at, Tjughsaghrondie, near by the
fort which the French had built the previous summer ; that they had
been informed that one of their chiefs, who had visited Albany two
years before, had been kindly treated, and that they had now come
forward to inquire into the trade of Albany, and see if goods could
not be purchased there cheaper than elsewhere, and that they had
intended to go to Canada with their beaver and peltries, but that
they ventured to Albany to inquire if goods could not be secured on
better terms. The governor replied that he was extremely pleased
to speak with the Miamis about the establishment of a lasting friend-
ship and trade, and in token of his sincere intentions presented his
guests with guns, powder, hats, strouds, tobacco and pipes, and sent
to their brethren at Detroit, waumpum, pipes, shells, nose and ear
jewels, looking-glasses, fans, children's toys, and such other light
articles as his guests could conveniently carry ; and, finally, assured
them that the Miamis might come freely to Albany, where they
would be treated kindly, and receive, in exchange for their peltries,
everything as cheap as any other Indians in covenant of friendship
with the English.

During the same year (1702) the Miamis and Senecas settled their
quarrels, exchanged prisoners, and established a peace between them-
selves.

The French were not disposed to allow a portion of the fur trade
to be diverted to Albany. Peaceable means were first used to dis-

UEGED TO UNITE AT ONE PLACE. 67

suade tlie Miamis from trading witli the English ; failing in this,
forcible means were resorted to. CajDtain Antoine De La Mothe
Cadillac marched against the Miamis and rednced them to terms.

The Miamis were not unanimous in the choice of their friends.
Some adhered to the French, while others were strongly inclined to
trade with the English, of whom they could obtain abetter quality
of goods at cheaper rates, while at the same time they were allowed
a greater price for their furs. Cadillac had hardly effected a coercive
peace with the Miamis before the latter were again at Albany. " I
have," writes Lord Cournbury to the Board of Trade, in a letter
dated August 20, 1708, " been there five years endeavoring to get
the^e nations (referring to the Miamis and another nation) to trade
with our people, but the French have always dissuaded them from
coming until this year, when, goods being very scarce, they came to
Albany, where our people have supplied them with goods nmch
cheaper than ever the French did, and they promise to return in the
spring with a much greater number of their nations, which would be
a very great advantage to this province. I did, in a letter of the
25th day of June last, inform your Lordships that three French
soldiers, having deserted from the French at a place they call Le
Destroit, came to Albany. Another deserter came from the same
place, whom I examined myself, and I inclose a copy of his exam-
ination, by which your Lordships will perceive how easily the French
may he heaten out of Canada. The better I am acquainted with this
conntry, and the more I inquire into matters, so much the more I am
confirmed in my opinion of the facility of effecting that conquest, and
by the method I then proposed."

Turning to French documents, we find that Sieur de Callier
desired the Miamis to withdraw from their several widely separated
villages and settle in a body upon the St. Joseph. At a great council
of the westward tribes, held in Montreal in 1694, the French
Intendant, in a speech to the Miamis, declares that " he will not believe
that the Miamis wish to obey him until they make altogether one
and the same fire, either at the Eiver St. Joseph or at some other
place adjoining it. He tells them that he has got near the Iroquois,
and has soldiers at Katarakoui, in the fort that had been abandoned ;
that the Miamis must get near the enemy, in order to imitate him
(the Intendant), and be able to strike the Iroquois the more readily.
My children," continued the Intendant, "tell me that the Miamis
are numerous, and able of themselves to destroy the Iroquois. Like
them, all are afraid. What ! do you wish to abandon your country

68 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

to your enemy ? . . Have you forgotten that I waged war against
him principally on your account, alone ? Your dead are no longer
visible in his country; their bodies are covered by those of the
French wlio have perished to avenge them. I furnished you the
means to avenge them likewise. It depends only on me to receive
the Iroquois as a friend, which I will not do on account of you, who
would be destroyed were I to make peace without including you in
its terms."

" I have heard," writes Governor Yaudreuil, in a letter dated the
28th of October, 1719, to the Council of Marine at Paris, " that the
Miamis had resolved to remain where they were, and not go to the St.
Joseph River, and that this resolution of theirs was dangerous, on» ac-
count of the facility they would have of communicating with the
English, who were incessantly distributing belts secretly among the
nations, to attract them to themselves, and that Sieur Dubinson had
been designed to command the post of Ouaytanons, where he should
use his influence among the Miamis to induce them to go to the
Eiver St. Joseph, and in case they were not willing, that he should re-
main with them, to counteract the eifect of those belts, which had
already caused eight or ten Miami canoes to go that year to trade at
Albany, and which might finally induce all of the Miami nation to
follow the example." Finally, some twenty-five years later, as we learn
from the letter of M. de Beauharnois, that this French oflicer, having
learned that the English had established trading magazines on the
Ohio, issued his orders to the commandants among the Weas and Mi-
amis, to drive the British off by force of arms and plunder their stores.

Other extracts might be drawn from the voluminous reports of the
military and civil ofiicers of the French and British colonial govern-
ments respectively, to the same purport as those already quoted ; but
enough has been given to illustrate the unfortunate position of the
Miamis. For a period of half a century they were placed between the
cutting edges of English and French purposes, during which there was
no time when they were not threatened with danger of, or engaged in,
actual war either with the French or the English, or with some of
their several Indian allies. By this continual abrasion, the peace and
happiness which should have been theirs was wholly lost, and their
numbers constactly reduced. They had no relief from the strife, in
which only injury could result to themselves, let the issue have been
what it might between the English and the French, until the power
of the latter was finally destroyed in 1763 ; and even then, after the
French had given up the country, the Miamis were compelled to de-

• DECLINE OF THE MlAMlS. 69

fend their own title to it against the arrogant claims of the English.
In the effort of the combined westward tribes to wrest their country
from the English, subsequent to the close of the colonial war, the Mi-
amis took a conspicuous part. This will be noticed in a subsequent
chapter. After the conclusion of the revolutionary war, the several
Miami villages from the Yermilion River to Fort Wayne suffered
severely from the attacks of the federal government under General
Harmer, and the military expeditions recruited in Kentucky, and com-
manded by Colonels Scott and Wilkinson. Besides these disasters,
whole villages were nearly depopulated by the ravages of small-pox.
The uncontrollable thirst for whisky, acquired through a long course
of years, by contact with unscrupulous traders, reduced their numbers
still more, while it degraded them to the" last degree. This was their
condition in 1814:, when General Harrison said of them : " The Miamis
will not be in our way. They are a poor, miserable, drunken set,
diminishing every year. Becoming too lazy to hunt, they feel the ad-
vantage of their annuities. The fear of the other Indians has alone
prevented them from selling their whole claim to the United States ;
and as soon as there is peace, or when the British can no longer in-
trigue, they will sell." The same authority, in his historical address at
Cincinnati in 1838, on the aborigines of the Valley of the Ohio, says :
"At any time before the treaty of Greenville in 1795 the Miamis
alone could have furnished more than three thousand warriors. Con-
stant war with our frontier had deprived them of many of their braves,
but the ravages of small-pox was the principal cause of the great de-
crease in their numbers. They composed, however, a body of the
finest light troops in the world. And had they been under an efficient
system of discipline, or possessed enterprise equal to their valor, the
settlement of the country would have been attended with much greater
difficulty than was encountered in accomplishing it, and their final sub-
jugation would have been delayed for some years."

Yet their decline, from causes assigned, was so rapid, that when the
Baptist missionary, Isaac McCoy, was among them from 1817 until
1822, and drawing conclusions from jDersonal contact, declared that the
Miamis were not a warlike people. There is, perhaps, in the history of
the North American Indians, no instance parallel to the utter de-
moralization of the Miamis, nor an example of a tribe which stood so
high and had fallen so low through the practice of all the vices which
degrade human beings. Mr. McCoy, within the period named,
traveled up and down the Wabash, from Terre Haute to Fort Wayne ;
and at the villages near Montezuma, on Eel River, at the Missis-

70 tllSTOEiC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST. *

sinewa and Fort Wayne, there M'ere continnons rounds of drunken
debaucliery whenever wliiskj could be obtained, of wliich men, women
and children all partook, and life was often sacriliced in personal
broils or by exposure of the debauchees to the inclemency of the
weather.

By treaties, entered into at various times, from 1795 to 1845, in-
clusive, the Miamis ceded their lands in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio,
and removed west of the Mississippi, going in villages or by detach-
ments, from time to time. At a single cession in 1838 they sold the
government 177,000 acres of land in Indiana, which was only a frag-
ment of their former possessions, still retaining a large tract. Thus
they alienated their heritage, and gradually disajDpeared from the val-
leys of the Maumee and Wabash. A few remained on their reserva-
tions and adapted themselves to the ways of the white people, and
their descendants may be occasionally met with about Peru, Wabash
and Fort Wayne. The money received from sales of their lands
proved to them a calamity, rather than a blessing, as it introduced the
most demoralizing habits. It is estimated that within a period of
eighteen years subsequent to the close of the war of 1812 more
than five hundred of them perished in drunken broils and fights.

The last of the Miamis to go westward were the Mississinewa band.
This remnant comprising in all three hundred and fifty persons, under
charge of Christmas Dagney, left their old home in the fall of 1846,
and reached Cincinnati on canal boats in October of that year. Here
they were placed upon a steamboat and taken down the Ohio, up the
Mississippi and Missouri, and landed late in the season at Westport,
near Kansas City. Ragged men and nearly naked women and chil-
dren, forming a motley groujD, were huddled upon the shore, alone,
with no friends to relieve their wants, and exposed to the bitter
December winds that blew from the chilly plains of Kansas. In 1670
the Jesuit Father Dablon introduces the Miamis to our notice at the
village of Maskoutench, where we see the chief surrounded by his
officers of state in all the routine of barbaric display, and the natives
of 'other tribes paying his subjects the greatest deference. The
Miamis, advancing eastward, in the rear of the line of their valorous
warriors, pushed their villages into Michigan, Indiana, and as far as the
river still bearing their name in Ohio. Coming in collision with the
French, English and Americans, reduced by constant wars, and deci-
mated, more than all, with vices contracted by intercourse with the
whites, whose virtues they failed to emulate, they make a M^estward
turn, and having, in the progress of time, described the round of a

REMOVAL WESTWARD. 71

most singular journey, we at last behold the miserable and friendless
remnant on the same side of the Mississippi from whence their war-
like progenitors had come nearly two centuries before.

From Westport the Mississinewas were conducted to a place near
the present village of Lowisburg, Kansas, in the county named (Miami)
after the tribe. Here they suffered greatly. Nearly one third of
their number died the first year. They were homesick and discon-
solate to the last degree. " Strong men would actually weep, as their
thoughts recurred to their dear old homes in Indiana, whither many of
them would make journeys, barefooted, begging their way, and sub-
mitting to the imprecations hurled from the door of the white man
upon them as they asked for a crust of bread. They wanted to die to
forget their miseries." " I have seen," says Mrs. Mary Baptiste to
the autlior, " mothers and fathers give their little children away to
others of the tribe for adoption, and after singing their funeral songs,
and joining in the solemn dance of death, go calmly away from the
assemblage, to be seen no more alive. The Miamis could not be recon-
ciled to the prairie winds of Kansas ; they longed for the woods and
groves that gave a partial shade to the flashing waters of the Wa^e-
sha.

The Wea and Piankeshaw bands preceded the Mississinewas to the
westward. They had become reduced to a wretched community of
about two hundred and fifty souls, and they suffered severely during
the civil war, in Kansas. The Miamis, Weas, Piankeshaws, and the
remaining fragments of the Kaskaskias, containing under that name
what yet remained of the several subdivisions o± the old Illini confed-
eracy were gathered together by iJaptiste Peoria, and consolidated
under the title of The Confederated Tribes. This little confedera-
tion disposed of their reservation in Miami county, Kansas, and adjacent
vicinity, and retired to a tract of reduced dimensions within the
Indian Territory. Since their last change of location in 1867 they
have made but little progress in their efforts toward a higher civiliza-
tion. The numbers of what remains of the once numerous Illinois
and Miami confederacies are reduced to less than two hundred persons.
The Miamis, like the unfortunate man who has carried his dissipations
beyond the limit from which there can be no healtliy reaction, seem
not to have recovered from the vices contracted before leaving the
states, and with some notable exceptions, they are a listless, idle
people, little worthy of the spirit that inspired the breasts of their
ancestors.

CHAPTEE YII.

THE SHAWNEES AND DELA WARES.

The Shawnees were a branch of tlie Algonquin family, and in
manners and customs bore a strong resemblance to the Delawares.
They were the Bedouins of the wilderness, and their wanderings
form a notable instance in the history of the nomadic races of
N^orth America. • Before the arriyal of the Europeans the Shawnees
lived on the shores of tiie great lakes eastward of Cleveland. At that
time the principal Iroquois villages were on the northern side of the
lakes, above Montreal, and this tribe was under a species of subjec-
tion to the Adirondacks, the jriginal iribe from whence the several
Algonquin tribes are alleged to have sprung, and made " the planting
of corn their business."

" The Adirondacks, however , value' i themselves as delighting in a
more manly employment, and despised the Iroquois in following a
business which they thought onlv fit for women. But it once hap-
pened that game failed tlie Adirondacks, which made them desire
some of the young men of the Iroquois to assist them in hunting.
These young men soon became much more expert in hunting, and-able
to endure fatigues, than the Adirondacks expected or desired ; in short,
they became jealous of them, and one night murdered all the young
men chey had with them." The chiefs of the Iroquois complained,
but the Adirondacks treated their remonstrances with contempt,
without being apprehensive of the resentment of the Iroquois, " for
they looked upon them as women."

The Iroquois determined on revenge, and the Adirondacks, hear-
ing of it, declared war. The Iroquois made but feeble resistance, and
were forced to leave their country and fly to the south shores of the
lakes, where they ever afterward lived. " Their chiefs, in order to
raise their people's spirits, turned them against the Satanas, a less war-
like nation, who then lived on the shores of the lakes." The Iro-
quois soon subdued the Satanas, and drove them from their
country.

In 1632 the Shawnees were on the south side of the Delaware.

THEIR REMOVAL EROM FLORIDA. 73

From this time the Iroquois pursued them, each year driving them
farther southward. Forty years Liter they were on the Tennessee,
and Father Marquette, in speaking of them, calls them Chaouanons,
which was the Illinois word for southerners, or people from the south,
so termed because they lived to the south of the Illinois cantons. The
Iroquois still waged war upon the Shawness, driving them to the ex-
tremities mentioned in the extracts quoted from Father Marquette's
journal. To escape further molestation from the Iroquois, the Shaw-
nees continued a more southern course, and some of their bands pen-
etrated the extreme southern states. The Suwanee River, in Florida,
derived its name from the fact that the Shawnees once lived upon its
banks. Black Hoof, tlie renowned chief of this tribe, was born in
Florida, and informed Gen. Harrison, with whom for many years he
was upon terms of intimacy, that he had often bathed in the sea.

" It is well known that they were at a place which still bears their
name on the Ohio, a few miles below the mouth of the Wabash, some
time before the- commencement of the revolutionary war, where they
remained before their removal to the Scioto, where they were found
in the year 1774 by Gov. Dunmore. Their removal from Florida was
a necessity, and their progress from thence a flight rather than a delib-
erate march. This is evident from their appearance when they pre-
sented themselves upon the Ohio and claimed protection of the
Miamis. They are represented by the chiefs of the Miamis and Dela-
wares as supplicants for protection, not against the Iroquois, but
against the Creeks and Seminoles, or some other southern tribe, who
had driven them from Florida, and they are said to have been literally
sans provant etsans culottes [hungry and naked].

After their dispersion by the Iroquois, remnants of the tribe were
foimd in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania, but after the return
of the main body from the south, the}^ became once more united, the
Pennsylvania band leaving that colony about the same time that the
Delawares did. During the forty years following that period, the
whole tribe was in a state of perpetual war with America, either as
British colonies or as independent states. By the treaty of Greenville,
they lost nearly all the territory they had been permitted to occupy
north of the, Ohio.

In 1819 they were divided into four tribes — the Pequa, the
Mequachake,the Chillicothe, and the Kiskapocoke. The latter tribe was
the one to which Tecumseh belonged. They were always hostile to
the United States, and joined every coalition against the government.
In 1806 they separated from the rest of the tribe, and took up their

74 HISTORIC KOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

residence at Greenville. Soon afterward they removed to their former
place of residence on Tippecanoe Creek, Indiana.

At the close of Gen. Wayne's campaign, a large body of the Shaw-
nees settlecl near Cape Girardeau, Missouri, upon a tract of land
granted to them and the Delawares in 1793, by Baron de Carondelet,
governor of the Spanish provinces west of the Mississippi.

From their towns in eastern Ohio, the Shawnees spread north and
westward to the headquarters of the Big and Little Miamis, the St.
Mary's, and the Au Glaize, and for quite a distance down the Maumee.
They had extensively cultivated fields upon these streams, which, with
their villages, were destroyed by Gen. Wayne on his return from the
victorious engagement with the confederated tribes on the field of
" fallen timbers." Gen. Harmer, in his letter to the Secretary of
War, communicating the details of his campaign on the Maumee, in
October, 1790, gives a fine description of the country, and the loca-
tion of the Shawnee, Delaware and Miami villages, in the neighbor-
hood of Fort Wayne, as they appeared at that early day. We quote :
" The savages and traders (who were, perhaps, the worst savages of
the two) had evacuated their towns,and burnt the principal village called
the Omee, together with all the traders' houses. This village lay on a
pleasant point, formed by the junction of the rivers Omee and St.
Joseph. It was situate on the east bank of the latter, opposite the
mouth of St. Mary, and had for a long time past been the rendezvous
of a set of Indian desperadoes, who infested the settlements, and
stained the Ohio and parts adjacent with the blood of defenceless
inhabitants. This day we advanced nearly the same distance, and kept
nearly the same course as yesterday ; we encamped within six miles of
the object, and on Sunday, the 17th, entered the ruins of the Omee
town, or French village, as part of it is called. Appearances confirmed
accounts I had received of the consternation into which the sav-
ages and their trading allies had been thrown by the approach of the
army. Many valuables of the traders were destroyed in the confus-
ion, and vast quantities of corn and other grain and vegetables were
secreted in holes dug in the earth, and other hiding places. Colonel
Hardin rejoined the army."

: " Besides the town of Omee, there were several other villages situ,
ated upon the banks of three rivers. One of them, belonging to the
jOmee Indians, called Kegaiogue, was standing and contained thirty
(houses on the bank opposite the principal village. Two others, con-
jsisting together of about forty-five houses, lay a few miles up the St.
Mary's, and were inhabited by Delawares. Thirty-six houses occu-

THE DELAWARES. 75

pied b}' other savages of this tribe formed another but scattered town,
on the east bank of the St. Josepli, two or three miles north from the
Frencli viHage. About tlie same distance down the Omee River lay
the Shawnee town of Chillicothe, consisting of fifty-eight houses, oppo-
site which, on the other bank of the river, were sixteen more
habitations belonging to savages of the same nation. All these I
ordered to be burnt during my stay there, together with great quanti-
ties of corn and vegetables hidden as at the principal village, in the
earth and other places by the savages, who had abandoned them. It
is computed that there were no less than twenty thousand bushels of
corn, in the ear, which the army either consumed or destroyed."

The Shawnees also had a populous village within the present
limits of Fountain county, Indiana, a few miles east of Attica. They
gave their name to Shawnee Prairie and to a stream that discharges
into the Wabash from the east, a short distance below Williamsport.

In 1854 the Shawnees in Kansas numbered nine hundred persons,
occupying a reservation of one million six hundred thousand acres.
Their lands were divided into severalty. They have banished whisky,
and many of them have fine farms under cultivation. Being on the
border of Missouri, they suffered from the rebel raids, and particu-
larly that of Gen. Price in 1864. In 1865 they numbered eight hundred
and fortj'-five persons. They furnished for the Union army one hun-
dred and twenty-five men. The Shawnees have illustrated by their
own conduct the capability of an Indian tribe to become civilized. , '

The Delawares called themselves Lenno Lenape, which signifies
" original " or " unmixed " men. They were divided into three clans :
The Turtle, the Wolf and the Turkey. When first met with by the
Europeans, they occupied a district of country bounded eastwardly by
the Hudson River and the Atlantic ; on the west their territories ex-
tended to the ridge separating the flow of the Delaware from the
other streams emptying into the Susquehanna River and Chesapeake
Bay.

They, according to their own traditions, " many hundred years ago
resided in the western part of the continent ; thence by slow emigra-
tion, they at length reached the Alleghany River, so called from a
nation of giants, the Allegewi, against whom the Delawares and Iro-
quois (the latter also emigrants from the west) carried on successful
war ; and still proceeding eastward, settled on the Delaware, Hudson,
Susquehanna and Potomac rivers, making the Delaware the center of
their possessions.

By the other Algonquin tribes the Delawares were regarded with

76 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

the utmost resi3ect and veneration. They were called "fathers/'
" grandfathers," etc.

" "When William Penn landed in Pennsylvania, the Delawares had
been subjugated and made women by the Iroquois." They were
prohibited from making war, placed under the sovereignty of the
Iroquois, and even lost the right of dominion to the lands which
they had occupied for so many generations. Gov. Penn, in his treaty
with the Delawares, purchased from them the right of possession
merely, and afterward obtained the relinquishment of the sovereignty
from the Iroquois. The Delawares accounted for their humiliating
relation to the Iroquois by claiming that their assumption of the
role of women, or mediators, was entirely voluntary on their part.
They said they became " peacemakers," not through compulsion,
but in compliance with the intercession of different belligerent tribes,
and that this position enabled their tribe to command the respect of
all the Indians east of the Mississippi. While it is true that the
Delawares were very generally recognized as mediators, they never
in any war or treaty exerted an influence through the possession of
this title. It was an empty honor, and no additional power or benefit
ever accrued from it. That the degrading position of the Delawares
was not voluntary is proven in a variety of ways. " We possess
none of the details of the war waged against the Lenapes, but we
know that it resulted in the en^;ire submission of the latter, and that
the Iroquois, to j)revent any further interruption from the Delawares,
adopted a plan to humble and degrade them, as novel as it wag
effectual. Singular as it may seem, it is nevertheless true, that the
Lenapes, upon the dictation of the Iroquois, agreed to lay aside the
character of warriors and assume that of women." The Iroquois,
while they were not present at the treaty of Greenville, took care to
inform Gen. Wayne that the Delawares were their subjects — " that
they had conquered them and put petticoats upon them." At a'
council held July 12, 1742, at the house of the lieutenant-governor
of Pennsylvania, where the subject of previous grants of land was
under discussion, an Iroquois orator turned to the Delawares who
were present at the council, and holding a belt of waumpum,
addressed them thus : " Cousins, let this belt of waumpum serve to
chastise you. You ought to be taken by the hair of your head and
shaken severely, till you recover your senses and become sober. . .
But how came you to take upon yourself to sell land at all ? " refer-
ring to lands on the Delaware River, which the Delawares had sold
some fifty years before. " We conquered you ; we made women of

THE DELAWAEES ASSUME THEIR ANCIENT INDEPENDENCE. 71

you. You know you are women, and can no more sell land than
women ; nor is it fit you should have the power of selling lands,
since you would abuse it." The Iroquois warrior continues his chas-
tisement of the Delawares, indulging in the most opprobrious lan-
guage, and closed his speech by telling the Delawares to remove
immediately. " We don't give you the liberty to think about it.
You may return to the other side of the Delaware, where you came
from ; but we don't know, considering how you had demeaned, your-
selves, whether you will be permitted to live there."

The Quakers who settled Pennsylvania treated the Delawares in
accordance with the rules of justice and equity. The result was that
during a period of sixty years, peace and the utmost harmony pre-
vailed. This is the only instance in the settling of America by the
English where uninterrupted friendship and good will existed between
the colonists and and the aboriginal inhabitants. Gradually and by
peaceable means the Quakers obtained possession of the greater por-
tion of their territory, and the Delawares were in the same situation
as other tribes — without lands, without means of subsistence. They
were threatened with starvation. Induced by these motives, some of
them, between the years 1T40 and 1750, obtained from their uncles,
the Wyandots, and with the assent of the Iroquois, a grant of land
on the Muskingum, in Ohio. The greater part of the tribe remained
in Pennsylvania, and becoming more and more dissatisfied with their
lot, shook ofi the yoke of the Iroquois, joined the French and ravaged
the frontiers of Pennsylvania. Peace was concluded at Easton in
1758, and ten years after the last remaining bands of the Delawares
crossed the Alleghanies. Here, being removed from the influence of
their dreaded masters, the Iroquois, the Delawares soon assumed their
ancient independence. During the next four or five decades they
were the most formidable of the western tribes. While the revolu-
tionary war was in progress, as allies of the British, after its close, at
the head of the northwestern confederacy of Indians, they fully
regained their lost reputation. By their geographical j30sition placed
in the front of battle, they were, during those two wars, the most
active and dangerous enemies of America.

The territory claimed by the Delawares subsequent to their being
driven westward from their former possessions, is established in a
paper addressed to Congress May 10, 1779, from delegates assembled
at Princeton, New Jersey. The boundaries of their country, as
declared in the address, is as follows : " From the mouth of the Alle-
ghany Kiver, at Fort Pitt, to the Yenango, and from thence up French

78 HISTOEIC KOTES ON THE NOKTHWEST.

Creek, and by Le Boeiif, along the old road to Presque Isle,
on the east. The Oliio River, including all the islands in it, from Fort
Pitt to the Ouabache, on the south ; thence up the River Ouabache
to that branch, Ojye-co-mee-cah, and up the same to the head thereof;
from thence to the headwaters and springs of the Great Miami, or
Rocky River; thence across to the headwaters and springs of the
most northwestern branches of the Scioto River; thence to the
westernmost springs of Sandusky River ; thence down said river, in-
cluding the islands in it and in the little lake, to Lake Erie, on the west
and northwest^ and Lake Erie on the north. These boundaries contain
the cessions of lands made to the Delaware nation by the Wyandots
and other nations, and the country we have seated our grandchildren,
the Shawn ees, upon, in our laps ; and we promise to give to the
United States of America such a part of the above described country
as would be convenient to them and us, that they may have room for
their children's children to set down upon."

After Wayne's victory the Delawares saw that further contests with
the American colonies would be worse than useless. They submitted
to the inevitable, acknowledged the supremacy of the Caucasian race,
and desired to make peace with the victors. At the treaty of Green-
ville, in 1795-, there were present three himdred and eighty-one
Delawares — a larger representation than that of any other Indian
tribe. By this treaty they ceded to the United States the greater part
of the lands allotted to them by the Wyandots and Iroquois. For this
cession they received an annuity of $1,000.

At the close of the treaty, Bu-kon-ge-he-las, a Delaware chief,
spoke as follows :

" Father : Your children all well understand the sense of the treaty
which is now concluded. We experience daily proofs of your in.
creasing kindness. I hope we may all have sense enough to enjoy
our dawning happiness. Many of your people are yet among us. I
■ trust they will be immediately restored. Last winter our king came
forward to you with two ; and when he returned with your speech to
us, we immediately prepared to come forward with the remainder,
which we delivered at Fort Defiance. All who know me know me to
be a man and a warrior, and I now declare that I will for the future
be as steady and true a friend to the United States as I have hereto-
fore been an active enemy."

This promise of the orator was faithfully kept by his people. They
evaded all the efforts of the Shawnee prophet, Teciunseh, and the

BECOME CITIZENS. 79

British who endeavored to induce them, by threats or bribes, to vio-
late it.

The Delawares remained faithful to the United States during the
war of 1812, and, with the Shawnees, furnished some very able war-
riors and scouts, who rendered valuable service to the United States
during this war.

After the treaty of Greenville, the great body of Delawares re-
moved to their lands on White River, Indiana, whither some of their
people had already preceded them.

Their manner of obtaining possession of their lands on "White River
is thus related in Dawson's Life of Harrison : " The land in question
had been granted to the Delawares about the year 1770, by the Pianke-
shaws, on condition of their settling upon it and assisting them in a
war with the Kickapoos." These terms were complied with, and the
Delawares remained in possession of the land.

The title to the tract of land lying between the Ohio and White
Rivers soon became a subject of dispute between the Piankeshaws and
Delawares. A chief of the latter tribe, in 1803, at Yincennes, stated
to Gen. Harrison that the land belonged to his tribe, " and that he had
with him a chief who had been present at the transfer made by the
Piankeshaws to the Delawares, of all the country between the Ohio
and White Rivers more than thirty years previous," This claim was
disputed by the Piankeshaws. They admitted that while they had
granted the Delawares the right of occupancy, yet they had never
conveyed the right of sovereignty to the tract in question.

Gov. Harrison, on the 19th and 27th of August, 1804, concluded
treaties with the Delawares and Piankeshaws by which the United
States acquired all that fine country between the Ohio and Wabash
Rivers. Both of " these tribes laying claim to the land, it became
necessary that both should be satisfied, in order to prevent disputes in
the future. In this, however, the governor succeeded, on terms, j)er-
haps, more favorable than if the title had been vested in only one of
these tribes; for, as both claimed the land, the value of each claim was
considerably lowered in the estimation of both ; and, therefore, by
judicious management, the gover)ior effected the purchase upon prob-
ably as low, if not lower, terms than if he had been obliged to treat
with only one o'f them. For this tract the Piankeshaws received $700
in goods and $200 per annum for ten years ; the compensation of the
Delawares was an annuity of $300 for ten years.

The Delawares continued to reside upon White River and its
branches until 1819, when most of them joined the band who had

80 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

emigrated to Missouri upon the tract of land granted jointly to them
and the Shawness, in 1793, by the Spanish authorities. Others of
their number who remained scattered themselves among the Miamis,
Pottawatomies and Kickapoos ; while still others, including the
Moravian converts, went to Canada. At that time, 1819, the total
number of those residing in Indiana was computed to be eight hun-
dred souls.

In 1829 the majority of the nation were settled on the Kansas and
Missouri rivers. They numbered about 1,000, were brave, enterpris-
ing hunters, cultivated lands and were friendly to the whites. In 1853
they sold to the government all the lands granted them, excepting a
reservation in Kansas. During the late Rebellion they sent to the
United States army one hundred and seventy out of their two-hundred
able-bodied men. Like their ancestors they proved valiant and trust-
worthy soldiers. Of late years they have almost entirely lost their
aboriginal customs and manners. They live in houses, have schools
and churches, cultivate farms, and, in fact, bid fair to become useful
and prominent citizens of the great Republic.

CHAPTEK YIII.

THE INDIANS : THEIR IMPLEMENTS, UTENSILS, FORTIFICATIONS, MOUNDS,
AND THEIR MANNERS AJSTD CUSTOMS.

Before the arrival of the Europeans the nse of iron was but little
known to the !North American Indians. Marquette, in speaking of
the Illinois, states that they were entirely ignorant of the use of iron
tools, their weapons being made of stone. This was true of all the
Indians who made their homes north of the Ohio, but south of that
stream metal tools were occasionally met with. When Hernando De
Soto, in 1539-43, was traversing the southern part of that territory,
now known as the United States, in his vain search for gold, some of
his followers found the natives on the Savanna River using hatchets
made of cojjper. It is evident that these hatchets were of a native
manufacture, for they were " said to have a mixture of gold."

The southern Indians " had long bows, and their arrows were made
of certain canes like reeds, very heavy, and so strong that a sharj) cane
passe th through a target. Some they arm in the point with the sharp
bone of a fish, like a chisel, and in others they fasten certain stones
like points of diamonds." These bones or " scale of the armed fish "
were neatly fastened to the head of the arrows with splits of cane and
fish glue. The northern Indians used arrows with stone points.
Father Rasles thus describes them : " Arrows are the principal arms
which they use in war and in the chase. They are pointed at the end
with a stone, cut and sharpened in the shape of a serpent's tongue ;
and, if no knife is at hand, they use them also to skin the animals they
have killed." " The bow-strings were prepared from the entrails of a
stag, or of a stag's skin, which they know how to dress as well as any
man in France, and with as many different colors. They head their
arrows with the teeth of fishes and stone, which they work very finely
and handsomely."

Most of the hatchets and knives of the northern Indians were like-
wise made of sharpened stones, " which they fastened in a cleft piece
of wood with leathern thongs." Their tomahawks were constructed
from stone, the horn of a stag, or " from wood in the shape of a cut-

82 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NOETHWEST.

lass, and terminated by a large ball." The tomahawk was held in one
hand and a knife in the other. As soon as they dealt a blow on the
head of an enemy, they immediately cut it round with the knife, and
took off the scalp with extraordinary rapidity.

Du Pratz thus describes their method of felling trees with stone
implements and with fire : " Cutting instruments are almost continu-
ually wanted ; but as they had no iron, which of all metals is the
most useful in human society, they were obliged, with infinite pains,
to form hatchets out of large flints, by sharpening their thin «8dge,
and making a hole through them for receiving the handle. To cut
down trees with these axes would have been almost an impracticable
work ; they were, therefore, obliged to light tires round the roots of
them, and to cut a^yay the charcoal as the fire eat into the tree. "

Charlevoix makes a similar statement : " These people, before we
provided them with hatchets and other instruments, were very much
at a loss in felling their trees, and making them fit for such uses as
they intended them for. They burned them near the root, and in
order to split and cut them into proper lengths they made use of
hatchets made of flint, which never broke, but which required a pro-
digious time to sharpen. In order to fix them in a shaft, they cut off
the top of a young tree, making a slit in it, as if they were going
to draft it, into which slit they inserted the head of the axe. The
tree, growing together again in length of time, held the head of the
hatchet so firm that it was impossible for it to get loose ; they then
cut the tree at the length they deemed sufficient for the handle."

When they were about to make wooden dishes, porringers or spoons,
they cut the blocks of wood to the required shape with stone
hatchets, hollowed them out with coals of fire, and polished them
with beaver teeth.

Early settlers in the neighborhood of Thorntown, Indiana, noticed
that the Indians made their hominy-blocks in a similar manner.
Kound stones were heated and placed upon the blocks which were
to be excavated. The charred wood was dug out with knives, and
then the surface was polished with stone implements. These round
stones were the common property of the tribe, and were used by indi-
vidual families as occasion required.

" They dug their ground with an instrument of wood, which was
fashioned like a broad mattock, wherewith they dig their vines as in
France ; they put two grains of maize together."

For boiling their victuals they made use of earthen kettles. The
kettle was held up by two crotches and a stick of wood laid across.

THEIR IMPLEMENTS AND POTTEKY. 83

The pot ladle, called by them mikoine, laid at the side. " In the
north they often made use of wooden kettles, and made the water
boil by throwing into it red hot pebbles. Our iron pots are esteemed
by them as much more commodious than their own."

That the ]S"orth American Indians not only used, but actually man-
ufactured, pottery for various culinary and religious purposes admits
of no argument. Hennepin remarks ; " Before the arrival of the
Eurojjeans in ISTorth America both the northern and southern savages
made use of, and do to this day use, earthen pots, especially such as
have no commerce with the Europeans, from whom they may jsrocure
kettles and other movables." M. Pouchot, who was acquainted with
the manners and customs of the Canadian Indians, states " that they
formerly had usages and utensils to which they are now scarcely
accustomed. They made j^ottery and drew fire from wood."

In 1700, Father Gravier, in speaking of the Yazoos, says : " You
see there in their cabins neither clothes, nor sacks, nor kettles, nor
guns ; they carry all with them, and have no riches hiit earthen pots,
quite well made, especially little glazed ■pitchers, as neat as you would
see in France." The Illinois also occasionally used glazed pitchers.
The manufacturing of these earthen vessels was done by the women.
By the southern Indians the earthenware goods were used for religious
as well as domestic purposes. Gravier noticed several in their temples,
containing bones of departed warriors, ashes, etc.

The American Indians, both northern and southern, had most of
their villages fortified either by wooden palisades, or earthen breast-
works and palisades combined. De Soto, on the 19th of June, 1541,
entered the town of Pacaha, which was very great, walled, and
beset with towers, and many loopholes were in the towers and
wall. Charlevoix said : " The Indians are more skillful in erecting
their 'fortifications than in building their houses. Here you see
villages surrounded with good palisades and with redoubts ; and they
are very careful to lay in a proper provision of water and stones.
These palisades are double, and even sometimes treble, and generally
have battlements on the outer circumvallation. The piles, of which
they are composed, are interwoven with branches of trees, without
any void si3ace between them. This sort of fortification was sufiicient
to sustain a long siege whilst the Indians were ignorant of the' use of
fire-arms.

La Hoiitan thus describes these palisaded towns : " Their villages
are fortified with double palisadoes of yerj hard wood, which are as

84 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NOKTHWEBT.

thick as one's thigh, and fifteen feet high, with little squares about
the middle of courtines."

These wooden fortifications were used to a comparatively late day.
At the siege of Detroit, in 1712, the Foxes and Mascoutins resisted,
in a wooden fort, for nineteen days, the attack of a much larger force
of Frenchmen and Indians. In order to avoid the fire of the
French, they dug holes four or five feet deep in the bottom of
their fort.

The western Indians, in their fortifications, made use of both
earth and wood. An early American author remarks : " The
remains of Indian fortifications seen throughout the western country,
have given rise to strange conjectures, and have been supposed to
appertain to a period extremely remote ; but it is a fact well known
that in some of them the remains of palisadoes were found by the
first settlers." When Major Long's party, in 1823, passed through
Fort Wayne, they inquired of Metea, a celebrated Pottawatomie chief,
well versed in the lore of his tribe, whether he had ever heard of any
tradition accounting for the erection of those artificial mounds which
are found scattered over the whole country. "He immediately
replied that they had heen constructed by the Indians as fortifications
before the white man had come among them. He had always heard
this origin ascribed to them, and knew three of those constructions
which were supposed to have been made by his nation. One is at the
fork of the Kankakee and the Des Plaines Rivers, a second on the
Ohio, which, from his description, was supposed to be at the mouth
of the Muskingum. He visited it, but could not describe the spot
accurately, and a third, which he had also seen. Tie stated to be on the
headwaters of the St. Joseph of Lake Michigan. This latter place is
about forty miles northwest of Fort Wayne."

One of the Miami chiefs, whom the traders named Le Gros, told
Barron that " he had heard that his father had fought with his tribe
in one of the forts at Piqua, Ohio ; that the fort had been erected
by the Indians against the French, and that his father had been killed
during one of the assaults made upon it."

While at Chicago, and " with a view to collect as much information
as possible on the subject of Indian antiquities, we inquired of Rob-
inson whether any traditions on this subject were current among the
Indians. He observed that these ancient fortifications were a fre-
quent subject of conversation, and especially those in the nature of
excavations made in the ground. He had heard of one made by the
Kickapoos and Fox Indians on the Sangamo River, a stream running

'iNDlAN MOtJNlDS. 85

into the Illinois. This fortification is distinguished by the name of
Etnataek. It is Tcnoxon to have served as an intrenchment to the
Kickapoos and Foxes, who were met there and defeated by the Potta-
watomies, the Ottawas and Chippeways. l^o date was assigned to
this transaction. We understand that the Etnataek was near the
Kickapoo village on the Sangamo."

Near the dividing line between sections 4 and 5, township 31
north, of range 11 east, in Kankakee county, Illinois, on the prairie
about a mile above the mouth of Eock Creek, are some ancient
mounds. " One is very large, being about one hundred feet base in
diameter and about twenty feet high, in a conic form, and is said to
contain the remains of two hundred Indians who were killed in the
celebrated battle between the Illinois and Chippeways, Delawares
and Shawnees ; and about two chains to the northeast, and the same
distance to the northwest, are two other small mounds, which are said
to contain the remains of the chiefs of the two parties.

Uncorroborated Indian traditions are not entitled to any high de-
gree of credibility, and these quoted are introduced to refute the often
repeated assertion that the Indians had no tradition concerning the
origin of the mounds scattered through the western states, or that they
supposed them to have been erected by a race who occupied the con-
tinent anterior to themselves.

These mounds were seldom or never used for religious purposes by
the Algonquins or Iroquois, but Penicault states that when he visited
the Natchez Indians, in 1704, " the houses of the Suns are built on
mounds, and are distinguished from each other by their size. The
mound upon which the house of the Great Chief, or Sun, is built is
Jarger than the rest, and its sides are steej)er. The temple in the vil-
lage of the Great Sun is about thirty feet high and forty-eight in
circumference, with the walls eight feet thick and covered with a
matting of canoes, in which they keep up a perpetual fire."

De Soto found the houses of the chiefs built on mounds of different
heights, according to their rank, and their villages fortified with pali-
sades, or walls of earth, with gateways to go in and out.

When Gravier, in 1700, visited the Yazoos, he noticed that their
temple was raised on a mound of earth. He also, in speaking of the
Ohio, states that " it is called by the Illinois and Oumiamis the river
of the Ahansea, because the Akansea formerly dwelt on it. The
Akansea or Arkansas Indians possessed many traits and customs in
common with the Natchez, having temples, pottery, etc. "A still
more important fact is noticed by Du Pratz, who was intimately

86 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

acquainted with the Great Slid. He says: "The temple is about
thirty feet square, and stands on an artificial mound about eight feet
high, by the side of a small river. The mound slopes insensibly from
the main front, which is northward, but on the other side it is some-
what steeper."

According to their own traditions, the l^atchez " were at one time
the most powerful nation in all North America, and were looked upon
by the other nations as their superiors, and were, on that account, re-
spected by them. Their territory extended from the River IherviUe^
in Louisiana, to the Wahash.^^ They had over five hundred suns,
and, consequently, nearly that many villages. Their decline and re-
treat to the south was owing not to the superiority in arms of the less
civilized surrounding tribes, but was due to the pride of their own
chiefs, who, to lend an imposing magnificence to their funeral rites,
adopted the impolitic custom of having hundreds of their followers
strangled at their pyre. Many of the mounds, scattered up and down
the valleys of the Wabash, Ohio and Mississippi, while being the only,
may be the time-defying monuments of the departed power and
grandem' of these two tribes.

The Indian manner of making a fire is thus related by Hennepin :
" Their way of making a fire, which is new and unknown to us, is
thus : They take a triangular piece of cedar wood of a foot and a half
in length, wherein they bore some holes half through ; then they
take a switch, or another small piece of hard wood, and with both their
hands rub the strongest upon the weakest in the hole, which is made
in the cedar, and while they are thus rubbing they let fall a sort of
dust or powder, which turns into fire. This white dust they roll up in
a pellet of herbs, dried in autumn, and rubbing them all together, and
then blowing upon the dust that is in the pellets, the fire kindles in a
moment."

The food of the Indians consisted of all the varieties of game, fishes
and wild fruits in the vicinity ; and they cultivated Indian corn,
melons and squashes. From corn they made a preparation called
sagamite. They pulverized the corn, mixed it with water, and added
a small proportion of ground gourds or beans.

The clothing of the northern Indians consisted only of the skins of
wild animals, roughly prepared for that purpose. Their southern
brethren were far in advance of them in this respect. " Many of the
women wore cloaks of the bark of the mulberry tree, or of the
feathers of swans, turkeys or Indian ducks. The bark they take from
young mulberry slioots that rise from the roots of trees that have

THEIR CANOES.

87

been cut down. After it is dried in the sun they beat it to make all
the woody parts fall off, and they give the threads that remain a
second beating, after which they bleach them by exposing them to
the dew. When they are well whitened they spin them about the
coarseness of pack-tliread, and weave them in the following manner:
They plant two stakes in the ground about a yard and a half asunder,
and having stretched a cord from the one to the other, they fasten
their threads of bark double to this cord, and then interweave them
in a curious manner into a cloak of about a yard square, with a
wrought border round the edges."

The Indians had three varieties of canoes, elm-bark, birch-bark
and pirogues. " Canoes of elm-bark were not used for long voyages,
as they were very frail. When the Indians wish to make a canoe
of elm-bark they select the trunk of a tree which is very smooth, at
the time when the sap remains. They cut it around, above and
below, about ten, twelve or fifteen feet apart, according to the num-
ber of people which it is to carry. After having taken off the whole
in one piece, they shave off the roughest of the bark, which they
make the inside of the canoe. They make end ties of the thickness
of a finger, and of suflicient length for the canoe, using young oak
or any other flexible and strong wood, and fasten the two larger
folds of the bark between these strips, spreading them apart with
wooden bows, which are fastened in about two feet apart. They sew
np the two ends of the bark with strips drawn from the inner bark
of the elm, giving attention to raise up a little the two extremities,
which they call pinces, making a swell in the middle and a curve on
the sides, to resist the wind. If there are any chinks, they sew them
together with tliongs and cover them with chewing-gum, which they
crowd by heating it with a coal of fire. The bark is fastened to the
wooden bows by wooden thongs. They add a mast, made of a piece
of wood and cross-piece to serve as a yard, and their blankets serve
them as sails. These canoes will carry from three to nine persons
and all their equipage. They sit upon their heels, without moving,
as do also their children, when they are in, from fear of losing their
balance, when the whole machine would upset. But this very seldom
happened, unless struck by a flaw of wind. They use these vessels
particnlarly in their war parties.

" The canoes made of birch bark were much more solid and more
artistically constructed. The frames of these canoes are made of
strips of cedar wood, which is very flexible, and which they render
as thin as a side of a sword-scabbard, and three or four inches wide.

88 HlSTORiC JsrOTES ON THE iSTOETHWEST.

They all touch one another, and come np to a point between the two
end strips. This frame is covered with the bark of the birch tree,
sewed together like skins, secured between the end strips and tied
along the ribs with the inner bark of the roots of the cedar, as we
twist willows around the hoops of a cask. All these seams ai-e cov-
ered with gum, as is done with canoes of elm bark. They then
put in cross-bars to hold it and to serve as seats, and a long pole,
which they lay on from fore to aft in rough weather to prevent it
from being broken by the shocks occasioned by pitching. They have
with them three, six, twelve and even twenty -four places, which are
designated as so many seats. The French are almost the only people
who use these canoes for their long voyages. They will carry as
much as three thousand pounds." These were vessels in which the
fur trade of the entire northwest has been carried on for so many
years. They were very light, four men being able to carry the largest
of them over portages. At night they were unloaded, drawn upon
the shore, turned over, and served the savages or traders as huts.
They could endure gales of wind that would play havoc with vessels
of European manufacture. In calm water the canoe men, in a sitting
posture, used paddles ; in stemming currents, rising from their seats,
they substituted poles for paddles, and in shooting rapids, they rested
on their knees.

Pirogues were the trunks of trees hollowed out and pointed at the
extremities. A fire was started on the trunk, out of which the
pirogue was to be constructed. The fire was kept within the desired
limits by the dripping of water upon the edges of the trunk. As a
part became charred, it was dug out with stone hatchets, and the fire
rekindled. This kind of canoes was especially adapted for the navi-
gation of the Mississippi and Missouri ; the current of these streams
carrying down trees, which formed snags, rendered their navigation
by bark canoes exceedingly hazardous. It was probably owing to
this reason, as well as because there were no birch trees in their
country, that the Illinois and Miamis were not, as the Jesuits
remarked, " canoe nations ; " they used the awkward, heavy pirogue
instead.

Each nation was divided into villages. The Indian village, when
unfortified, had its cabins scattered along the banks of a river or the
shores of a lake, and often extended for three or four miles. Each
cabin held the head of the family, the children, grandchildren, and
often the brothers and sisters, so that a single cabin not unfrequently
contained as many as sixty persons. Some of their cabins were in

WIGWAM8. • 89

the form of elongated squares, of which the sides were not more
than five or six feet high. They were made of bark, and the roof
was prepared from the same material, having an opening in the top
for the passage of smoke. At both ends of the cabin there were
entrances. The fire was bnilt under the hole in the roof, and there
were as many fires as there were families.

The beds were upon planks on the floor of the cabin, or upon
simple hides, which they called appichimoii^ placed along the parti-
tions. They slept upon these skins, wrapped in their blankets, which,
during the day, served them for clothing. Each one had his particu-
lar place. The man and wife crouched together, her back being
against his body, their blankets passed around their heads and feet, so
that they looked like a plate of ducks. These bark cabins were used
by the Iroquois, and indeed, by many Indian tribes who lived exclu-
sively in the forests.

The prairie Indians, who were unable to procure bark, generally
made mats out of platted reeds or flags, and placed these mats around
three or four poles tied together at the ends. They were, in form,
round, and terminated in a cone. These mats were sewed together
with so much skill that, when new, the rain could not penetrate them.
This variety of cabins possessed the great advantage that, when they
moved their place of residence, the mats of reeds were rolled up and
carried along by tlie squaws.

" The nastiness of these cabins alone, and that infection which was
a necessary consequence of it, would have been to any one but an
Indian a severe punishment. Having no windows, they were full of
smoke, and in cold weather they were crowded with dogs. The
Indians never changed their garments until they fell off by their very
rottenness. Being never washed, they were fairly alive with vermin.
In summer the savages bathed every day, but immediately afterward
rubbed themselves with oil and grease of a very rank smell. " In
winter they remained unwashed, and it was impossible to enter their
cabins without being poisoned with the stench."

All their food was very ill-seasoned and insipid, " and there pre-
vailed in all their repasts an uncleanliness which passed all concep-
tion. There were very few animals which did not feed cleaner."
They never washed their wooden or bark dishes, nor their porringers
and spoons. In this connection William Biggs states : " They
plucked off a few of the largest feathers, then threw the duck —
featliers, entrails and all — into the soup kettle, and cooked it in that
manner."

90 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

The Indians were cannibals, though human flesh was only eaten at
war feasts. It was ofte.i the case that after a prisoner had been tor-
tured his body was thrown into " the war-kettle," and his remains
greedily devoured. This fact is uniformly asserted by the early French
writers. Members of Major Long's party made especial inquiries at
Fort Wayne concerning this subject, and were entirely convinced.
They met persons who had attended the feasts, and saw Indians who
acknowledged that they had participated in them, Joseph Barron
saw the Pottawatomies with hands and limbs, both of white men and
Cherokees, which they were about to devour. Among some tribes
cannibalism was universal, but it appears that among the Pottawat-
omies and Miamis it was restricted to a fraternity whose privilege and
duty it was on all occasions to eat out of the enemy's flesh ; — at least
one individual must be eaten. The flesh was sometimes dried and
taken to the villages.

The Indians had some peculiar funeral customs. Joutel thus records
some of his observations : " They pay a respect to their dead, as
appears by their special care of burying them, and even of putting
into lofty cofiins the bodies of such as are considerable among them,
as their chiefs and othei'S, which is also practiced among the Accan-
ceas, but they differ in this respect, that the Accanceas weep and make
their complaints for some days, whereas the Shawnees and other
people of the Illinois nation do just the contrary, for when any of
them die they wrap them up in skins and then put them into cofiins
made of the bark of trees, then sing and dance about them for twenty-
four hours. Those dancers take care to tie calabashes, or gourds, about
their bodies, with some Indian corn in them, to rattle and make a
noise, and some of them have a drum, made of a great earthen pot,
on which they extend a wild goat's skin, and beat thereon with one
stick, like our tabors. During that rejoicing they threw their presents
on the coffin, as bracelets, pendants or pieces of earthenware. When
the ceremony was over they buried the body, with a part of the
presents, making choice of such as may be most proper for it. They
also bury with it some store of Indian wheat, with a pot to boil it in,
for fear the dead person should be hungry on his long journey, and
they repeat the ceremony at the year's end. A good number of
presents still remaining, they divide them into several lots and play at
a game called the stick to give them to the winner."

The Indian graves were made of a large size, and the whole of the
inside lined with bark. On the bark was laid the corpse, accompanied

INDIAN SUPERSTITIONS. 91

with axes, snow-shoes, kettle, common shoes, and, if a woman, carry-
ing-belts and paddles.

This was covered with bark, and at about two feet nearer the
surface, logs were laid across, and these again covered with bark, so
that the earth might by no means fall upon the corpse. If the
deceased, before his death, had so expressed his wish, a tree was
hollowed out and the corpse deposited within. After the body had
become entirely decomposed, the bones were often collected and buried
in the earth. Many of these wooden sepulchres were discovered by
the early settlers in Iroquois county, Illinois. Doubtless they were
the remains of the Pottawatoraies, who at that time resided there.

After a death they took care to visit every place near their cabins,
ftriking incessantly with rods and raising the most hideous cries, in
order to drive the souls to a distance, and to keep them from lurking
about their cabins.

The Indians believed that every animal contained a Manitou or
God, and that these spirits could exert over them a beneficial or
prejudicial influence. The rattlesnake was especially venerated by
them. Henry relates an instance of this veneration. He saw a snake,
and procured his gun, with the intention of dispatching it. The
Indians begged him to desist, and, "with their pipes and tobacco
pouches in their hands, approached the snake. They surrounded it,
all addressing it by turns and calling it their grandfather, but yet kept
at some distance. During this part of the ceremony, they filled their
pipes, and each blew the smoke toward the snake, which, as it
appeared to me, really received it with pleasure. In a word, after
remaining coiled and receiving incense for the space of half an hour,
it stretched itself along the ground in visible good humor. The
Indians followed it, and, still addressing it by the title of grandfather,
beseeched it to take care of their families during their absence, and
also to open the hearts of the English, that they might fill their (the
Indians') canoes with rum. This reverence of the Indians for the
rattlesnake will account for the vast number of these reptiles met with
by early settlers in localities favorable for their increase and security.
The clefts in the rocky cliffs below Niagara Falls were so infested
with rattlesnakes that the Indians removed their village to a place of
greater security.

The Indians had several games, some of which have been already
noticed. McCoy mentions a singular occurrence of this nature : "A
Miami Indian had been stabbed with a knife, who lingered, and of
whose recovery there was no doubt. On the 12th of May a part}'

92 HISTORIC NOTES ON TSU NORTITWEST.

resolved to decide bj a game of moccasin whether the man should live
or die. In this game the party seat themselves upon the earth
opposite to each other, while one holds a moccasin on the ground with
one hand, and holds in the other a small ball ; the ball he affects to
conceal in the moccasin, and does either insert it or not, as he shall
choose, and then leaves the opposite party to guess where the ball is.
In order to deceive his antagonist, he incessantly utters a kind of a
sing-song, which is repeated, about tlirice in a minute, and moving his
hands in unison with the notes, brings one of them, at every repetition,
to the mouth of the moccasin, as though he had that moment inserted
the ball. One j)arty played for the wounded man's recovery and the
other for his death. Two games were played, in both of which the
side for recovery was triumphant, and so they concluded the man*
would not die of his wounds."

The Indians had a most excellent knowledge of the topography of
their country, and they drew the most exact maps of the countries
they were acquainted with. They set down the true north according
to tlie polar star ; the ports, harbors, rivers, creeks, and coasts of the
lakes ; roads, mountains, woods, marshes and meadows. They counted
the distances by journeys and half journeys, allowing to every journey
five leagues. These maps were drawn upon birch bark. "Previous
to General Brock's crossing over to Detroit, he asked Tecumseh what
sort of a country he should have to pass through in case of his pro-
ceeding farther. Tecumseh took a roll of elm bark, and extending it
on the ground, by means of four stones, drew forth his scalping knife,
and, with the point, etched upon the bark a plan of the country, its
hills, woods, rivers, morasses, a plan which, if not as neat, was fully as
accurate as if it had been made by a professional map-maker.

In marriage, they had no ceremony worth mentioning, the man
and the woman agreeing that for so many bucks, beaver hides, or, in
short, any valuables, she should be his wife. Of all the passions, the
Indians were least influenced by love. Some authors claim that it
had no existence, excepting, of course, mere lust, which is possessed
by all animals. " By women, beauty was commonly no motive to
marriage, the only inducement being the reward which she received.
It. was said that the women were purchased by the night, week,
month or winter, so that they depended on fornication for a living ;
nor was it thought either a crime or shame, none being esteemed
as prostitutes but such as were licentious without a reward." Poly-
gamy was common, but was seldom practiced except by the chiefs.
On the smallest offense husband and w^ife parted, she taking the

MARRIAGE AND RELIGION, 93

domestic utensils and the children of her sex. Children formed
the only bond of affection between the two sexes ; and of them,
to the credit of the Indian be it said, they were very fond.
They never chastised them, the only punishment being to dash, by
the hand, water into the face of the refractory child, Joutel noticed
this method of correction among the Illinois, and nearly a hundred
years later Jones mentions the same custom as existing among the
Shawnees.

The Algonquin tribes, diifering in this respect from the southern
Indians, had no especial religion. They believed in good and bad
spirits, and thought it was only necessary to appease the wicked
spirits, for the good ones "were all right anyway." These bad
spirits were thought to occupy the bodies of animals, fishes and rep-
tiles, to dwell in high mountains, gloomy caverns, dangerous whirl-
pools, and all large bodies of water. This will account for the
offerings of tobacco and other valuables which they made when
passing such places, No ideas of morals or metaphysics ever entered
the head of the Indians; they believed what was told them upon
those subjects, without having more than a vague impression of their
meaning. Some of the Canadian Indians, in all sincerity, compared
the Holy Trinity to a piece of pork. There they found the lean
meat, the fat and the rind, three distinct parts that form the same
piece." Their ideas of heaven was a place full of sensual enjoy-
ments, and free from physical pains. Indeed, it is doubtful if,
before their mythology was changed by the partial adoption of some
of the doctrines of Christianity, they had any idea of spiritual reward
or punishment.

Wampum, prior to and many years subsequent to the advent of
the Europeans, was the circulating medium among the North Ameri-
can Indians, It is made out of a marine shell, or peri^vinkle, some
of which are white, others violet, verging toward black. They are
perforated in the direction of the greater diameter, and are worked
into two forms, strings and belts. The strings consist of cylinders
strung without any order, one after another, on to a thread. The
belts are wide sashes, in which the white and purple beads are
arranged in rows and tied by little leathern strings, making a very
pretty tissue. Wampum belts are used in state affairs, and their
length, width and color are in proportion to the importance of the
affair being negotiated. They are wrought, sometimes, into figures
of considerable beauty,'

These belts and strings of wampum are the universal agent with

94 HISTOEIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

the Indians, not only as money, jewelry or ornaments, but as annals
and for registers to perpetuate treaties and compacts between
individuals and nations. Tliey are the inviolable and sacred pledges
which guarantee messages, promises and treaties. As writing is not
in use among them, they make a local memoir by means of these
belts, each of which signifies a particular affair or a circumstance
relating to it. The village chiefs are the custodians, and communicate
the affairs they perpetuate to the young people, who thus learn the
history, treaties and engagements of their nation. Belts are classified
as message, road, peace or war belts. White signifies peace, as black
does war. The color therefore at once indicates the intention of the
person or tribe who sends or accepts a belt. So general was the
importance of the belt, that the French and English, and the Ameri-
cans, even down as late as the treaty of Greenville, in lY95,u8ed it in
treating with the Indians

CHAPTER IX.

THE WAR FOE THE FUR TRADE.

Formerly the great Northwest aboimded in game and water-fowh
The small lakes and lesser water conrses were full of beaver, otter and
muskrats. * In the forests were found the marten, the raccoon, and
other fur-bearing animals. The plains, partially submerged, and the
rivers, whose cm'rent had a sluggish flow, the shallow lakes, producing
annual crops of wild rice, of nature's own sowing, teemed with wild
geese, duck and other aquatic fowl bursting in their very fatness.

The turkey, in his glossy feathers, strutted the forests, some of them
being of prodigious size, weighing thirty-six pounds.

The shy deer and the loi'dly elk, crowned with outspreading horns,
grazed upon the plain and in the open woods, while the solitary moose
browsed upon the buds in the thick copsewood that gave him food and
a hiding place as well. The fleet-footed antelope nibbled at the tender
grasses on the prairies, or bounded away over the ridges to hide in the
valleys beyond, from the approach of the stealthy wolf or wily Indian.
The belts of timber along the water courses afforded lodgment for the
bear, and were the trellises that supported the tangled wild grape-
vines, the fruit of which, to this animal, was an article of food. The
bear had for his neighbor the panther, the wild cat and the lynx,
whose carnivorous appetites were appeased in the destruction of other
animals.

Immense herds of buffalo roamed over
the extensive area bounded on the east by
the Alleghanies and on the north by the
lakes, embracing the states of Ohio, Indi-
ana, Illinois, Wisconsin and the southern
half of Michigan. Their trails checkered
the prairies of Indiana and Illinois in every
direction, the marks of which, deep worn
in the turf, remained for many years after the disappearance of the
animals that made them. Their numbers when the country was flrst
known to Europeans were immense, and beyond computation. In

96 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

their migrations southward in the fall, and on their return from the
blue grass regions of Kentucky in the spring, the Ohio Kiver was
obstructed for miles during the time occupied by the vast herds in
crossing it. Indeed, the French called the buffalo the " Illinois ox,"
on account of their numbers found in " the country of the Illinois,"
using that expression in its wider sense, as explained on a preceding
page. So great importance was attached to the supposed commercial
value of the buffalo for its wool that when Mons. Iberville, in 1698,
was engaged to undertake the colonization of Louisiana, the king
instructed him to look after the buffalo wool as one of the most im-
portant of his duties ; and Father Charlevoix, while traveling through
" The Illinois," observed that he was surprised that the buffalo had
been so long neglected. Among the favorite haunts of the buffalo
were the marshes of the Upper Kankakee, the low lands about the
lakes of northern Indiana, where the oozy soil furnished early as well
as late pasturage, the briny earth upon the Au Glaize, and the Salt
Licks upon tlie Wabash and Illinois rivers were tempting places of
resort. From the summit of the high hill at Ouiatanon, overlooking
the Wea plains to the east and the Grand Prairie to the west, as far
as the eye could reach in either direction, the plains were seen covered
with groups, grazing together, or, in long files, stretching away in the
distance, their dark forms, contrasting with the green sward upon which
they fed or strolled, and inspiring the enthusiasm of the Frenchman,
who gave the description quoted on page 104. Still later, when
passing through the prairies of Illinois, on his way from Yincennes to
Ouiatanon — more a prisoner than an ambassador — George* Croghan
makes the following entry in his daily journal : " 18th and 19th of
June, 1765. — We traveled through a prodigious large meadow, called
the Pyankeshaws' hunting ground. Here is no wood to be seen, and
the country appears like an ocean. The ground is exceedingly rich
and partially overgrown with wild hemp. The land is well watered
and full of Buffalo, deer, bears, and all kinds of wild game. 20th and
21st. — We passed through some very large meadows, part of which
belonged to the Pyankeshaws on the Yermilion Piver. The country
and soil were much the same as that we traveled over these three days
past. Wild hemp grows here in abundance. The game is very plenty.
At any time in a half hour we could kill as much as we wanted."

Gen. Clark, in the postscript of his letter dated N^ovember, 1779,
narrating his campaign in the Illinois country, says, concerning the
prairies between Kaskaskia and Yincennes, that "there are large
meadows ext^.nding beyond the reach of the eye, variegated with

THE DESTRUCTION OF THE GAME, 97

groves of trees appearing like islands in the sea, covered with
buffalos and other game. In many places, with a good glass, you
may see all that are upon their feet in a half million acres." It is not
known at what time the buffalo was last seen east of the Mississippi.
The Indians had a tradition that the cold winter of 17 — , called by
them "the great cold,^^ on account of its severity, destroyed them.
" The snow was so deep, and lay upon the ground for such a length
of time, that the buffalo become poor and too weak to resist the
inclemency of the weather ; " great numbers of them perished, singly
and in groups, and their bones, either as isolated skeletons or in
bleaching piles, remained and were found over the country for many
years afterwards.

Before the coming of the Europeans the Indians hunted the game
for the purpose of sujDplying themselves with the jpecessary food and
clothing. The scattered tribes (whose numbers early writers greatly
exaggerated) were few when comj)ared with the area of the country
they occupied, and the wild animals were so abundant that enough
to supply their wants could be captured near at hand with such rude
weapons as their ingenuity fashioned out of wood and stone. With
the Europeans came a change. The fur of many of the animals
possessed a commercial value in the marts of Europe, where they
were bought and used as ornaments and dress by the aristocracy,
whose wealth and taste fashioned them into garments of extraordinary
richness. Canada was originally settled with a view to the fur trade,
and this trade was, to her people, of the first importance — the chief
motor of her growth and prosperity. The Indians were supplied
with guns, knives and hatchets by the Europeans, in place of their
former inferior weapons. Thus encouraged and equipped, and accom-
panied by the coureurs des hois, the remotest regions were penetrated,
and the fur trade extended to the most distant tribes. Stimulated
with a desire for blankets, cotton goods and trinkets, the Indians now
began a war upon the wild animals in earnest ; and their wanton
destruction for their skins and furs alone from that period forward
was so enormous that within the next two or three generations the
improvident Indians in many localities could scarcely find enough
game for their own subsistence.

The co'ureiiTs des hois were a class that had much to do with the
development of trade and with giving a knowledge of the geography
of the country. They became extremely useful to the merchants
engaged in the fur trade, and were often a source of great annoyance
to the colonial authorities. Three or four of these people, having

98 HISTOEIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

obtained goods upon credit, would join their stock, put their property
into a birch canoe, which they worked themselves, and accompany
the Indians in their excursions or go directly into the country
where they knew they were to hunt. These voyages were extended
twelve or fifteen months (sometimes longer) before the traders would
return laden with rich cargoes of fur, and often followed by great
numbers of the natives. During the short time required to settle
their accounts with the merchants and procure credit for a new stock
the traders would contrive to squander their gains before they
returned to their favorite mode of life among the savages, their
labor being rewarded by indulging themselves in one month's dissi-
pation for fifteen of exposure and hardship. " We may not be able
to explain the cause, but experience proves that it requires much less
time for a civilize^ people to degenerate into the ways of savage life
than is required for the savage to rise into a state of civilization.
The indifference about amassing pro]3erty, and the pleasure of living
free from all restraint, soon introduced a licentiousness among the
cou7'eurs des hois that did not escape the eye of the missionaries, who
complained, with good reason, that they were a disgrace to the Chris-
tian religion.

" The food of the coureurs des hois when on their long expeditions
was Indian corn, prepared for use by boiling it in strong lye to
remove the hull, after which it was mashed and dried. In this state
it is soft and friable like rice. The allowance for each man on the voy-
age was one quart per day ; and a bushel, with two pounds of pre-
pared fat, is reckoned a month's subsistence. No other allowance is
made of any kind, not even of salt, and bread is never thought of ;
nevertheless the men are healthy on this diet, and capable of per-
forming great labor. This mode of victualing was essential to the
trade, which was extended to great distances, and in canoes so small
as not to admit of the use of any other food. If the men were sup-
plied with bread and pork, the canoes would not carry six months'
rations, while the ordinary duration of the voyage was not less than
fourteen, No other men would be reconciled to such fare except the
Canadians, and this fact enabled their employers to secure a
monopoly of the fur trade."

" The old voyageurs derisively called new hands at the business
mangeurs de lard (pork eaters), as, on leaving Montreal, and while
en route to Mackinaw, their rations were pork, hard bread and pea
soup, while the old voyageurs in the Indian country ate corn soup and
such other food as could be conveniently procm'ed."

THE COUEEUES DES BOIS. 99

" The coureurs des hois were men of easy virtue. They would eat,
riot, drink and play as long as their furs held out," says La Ilontan,
" and when these were gone they would sell their embroidery, their
laces and their clothes. The proceeds of these exhausted, they were
forced to go upon new voyages for subsistence."

They did not scruple to intermarry with the Indians, among whom
they spent the greater part of their lives. They made excellent sold-
iers, and in bush fighting and border warfare they were more than a
match for the British regulars. " Their merits were hardihood and
skill in woodcraft ; their chief faults were insubordination and law-
lessness."

Such were the characteristics of the French traders or coureurs des
hois. They penetrated the remotest parts, voyaged upon all of our
western rivers, and traveled many of the insignificant streams- tliat
afforded hardly water enough to float a canoe. Their influence over
the Indians (to whose mode of life they readily adapted themselves)
was almost supreme. They were efiicient in the service of their king,
and materially assisted in staying the downfall of French rule in
America.

There is no data from which to ascertain the value of the fur trade,
as there were no regular accounts kept. The value of the trade to
the French, in 1703, was estimated at two millions of livres, and this
could have been from only a partial return, as a large per cent of the
trade was carried on clandestinely through Albany and New York, of
which the French authorities in Canada could have no knowledge.
With the loss of Canada and the West to France, and owing to the dislike
of the Indians toward the English, and the want of experience by the
latter, the fur trade, controlled at Montreal, fell into decay, and the
Hudson Bay Company secured the advantages of its downfall. Dur-
ing the winter of 1783-4 some merchants of Canada united their
trade under the name of the " Northwest Company " ; they did not get
successfully to work until 178T. During that year the venture did
not exceed forty thousand pounds, but by exertion and the enterprise
of the proprietors it was brought, in eleven years, to more than triple
that amount (equal to six hundred thousand dollars), yielding propor-
tionate 23rofit8, and surpassing anything then known in America.

The fur trade was conducted by the English, and subsequently by
the Americans, substantially upon the system originally established by
the French, with this distinction, that the monopoly was controlled by
French officers and favorites, to whom the trade for particular districts
was assigned, while the English and Americans controlled it through

100 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

companies operating either under charters or permits from the gov-
ernment.

Goods for Indian trade were guns, ammunition, steel for striking
fire, gun-flints, and other suj^plies to repair fire-arms ; knives, hatchets,
kettles, beads, men's shirts, blue and red cloths for blankets and petti-
coats; Vermillion, red, yellow, gi-e^n and blue ribbons, generally of
English manufacture ; needles, thread and awls ; looking-glasses, chil-
dren's toys, woolen blankets, razors for shaving the head, paints of all
colors, tobacco, and, more than all, spirituous liquors. For these
articles the Indians gave in exchange the skins of deer, bear, otter,
squirrel, marten, lynx, fox, wolf, buffalo, moose, and particularly the
beaver, the highest prized of them all. Such was the value attached
to the skins and fur of the last that it became the standard of value.
All other values were measured by the beaver, the same as we now
use gold, in adjusting commercial transactions. All differences in ex-
changes of property or in payment for labor were first reduced in value
to the beaver skin. Money was rarely received or paid at any of the
trading-posts, the only circulating medium were furs and peltries. In
this exchange a pound of beaver skin was reckoned at thirty sous^
at otter skin at six livres, and marten skins at thirty sous each. This
was only about half of the real value of the furs, and it was therefore
always agreed to pay either in furs at their equivalent cash value at
the fort or double the amount reckoned at "current fur value.

When the French controlled the fur trade, the posts in the interior
of the country were assigned to officers who were in favor at head-
quarters. As they had no money, the merchants of Quebec and*
Montreal supplied them on credit with the necessary goods, which
were to be paid for in peltries at a price agreed upon, thus being
required to earn profits for themselves and the merchant. These
oflicers were often employed to negotiate for the king with the tribes
near their trading posts and give them goods as presents, the price for
the latter being paid by the intendant upon the approval of the
governor. This occasioned many hypothecated accounts, which were
turned to the profit of the commandants, particularly in time of
war. The commandants as well as private traders were obliged to
take out a license from the governor at a cost of four or five hundred
livres, in order to carry their goods to the posts, and to charge some
effects to the king's account. The most distant posts in the northwest
west were prized the greatest, because of the abundance and low
price of peltries and the high price of goods at those remote estab-
lishments.

THE FUE TRADE. 101

Another kind of trade was carried on by the coureurs des hois,
who, sharing the license with the officer at the post, with their canoes
laden with goods, went to the villages of the Indians, and followed
them on their hunting expeditions, to return after a season's trading
with their canoes well loaded. If the coureurs des hois were in a
condition to purchase their goods at first hands a quick fortune was
assured them, although to obtain it they had to lead a most dangerous
and fatiguing life. Some of these traders Vould return to France
after a few years' venture with wealth amounting to two million five
hundred thousand livres.

The French were not permitted to exclusively enjoy the enormous
profits of the fur trade. We have seen, in treating of the Miami
Indians, that at an early day the English and the American colonists
were determined to share it, and had become sharp competitors. We
have seen (page 112) that to extend their trade the English had set
their allies, the Iroquois, uj)on the Illinois. So formidable were the
inroads made by the English upon the fur trade of the French, by
means of the conquests to which they had incited the Iroquois to
gain over other tribes that were friendly to the French, that the
latter became " of the opinion that if the Iroquois were allowed to
proceed they would not only subdue the Illinois, but become masters
of all the Ottawa tribes, and divert the trade to the English, so that
it was absolutely necessary that the French should either make the
Iroquois their friends or destroy them. You perceive, my Lord,
that the subject which we have discussed [referring to the efforts of
the English of New York and Albany to gain the beaver trade] is
to determine who will be master of the heoAier trade of the south and
southwest."

In the struggle to determine who should be masters of the fur
trade, the French cared as little — perhaps less — for their Indian allies
than the British and Americans did for theirs. The blood that was
shed in the English and French colonies north of the Ohio Kiver, for
a period of over three-quarters of a century prior to 1763, might well
be said to have been spilled in a war for the fur trade.

In the strife between the rivals — the French endeavoring to hold
their former possessions, and the English to extend theirs — the strait
of Detroit was an object of c6ncern to both. Its strategical position
was such that it would give the party possessing it a decided advan-
tage. M. Du Lute, or L'Hut, under orders from Gov. De Nonville,
left Mackinaw with some fifty odd coureurs de hois in 1688, sailed
down Lake Huron and threw up a small stockade fort on the west

102 HiSTOiilC NOTES ON THt; NORTHWEST.

bank of the lake, where it discharges into the Eiver St. Clair. The
following year Capt. McGregory — Major Patrick Magregore, as his
name is spelled in the commission he had in his pocket over the sig-
nature of Governor Dongan — with sixty Englishmen and some
Indians, with their merchandise loaded in thirty-two canoes, went up
Lake Erie on a trading expedition among the Indians at Detroit and
Mackinaw. They were encountered by a body of troops under Tonti,
La Forest and other officers, who, with coureur de hois and Indians
from the upper country, were on their way to join the French forces
of Canada in a campaign against the Iroquois villages in New York.
The prisoners were sent to Quebec, and the plunder distributed among
the captors. Du Lute's stockade was called Fort St. Joseph. In 1688
the fort was placed in command of Baron La Hontan.

Fort St. Joseph served the purposes for which it was constructed,
and a few years later, in 1701, Mons. Cadillac established Fort Pont-
chartrain on the present site of the city of Detroit, for no other pur-
pose than to check the English in the prosecution of the fur trade in
that country.

The French interests were soon threatened from another direc-
tion. Traders from Pennsylvania found their way westward over
the mountains, where they engaged in traffic with the Indians in
the valleys of eastern Ohio, and they soon established commercial
relations with the Wabash tribes. It appears from a previous chapter
that the Miamis were trading at Albany in 1708. To avert this
danger the French were compelled at last to erect military posts
at Fort Wayne, on the Maumee (called Fort Miamis), at Ouiatanon
and Vincennes, upon the Wabash. Prior to 1750 Sieur de Ligneris
was commanding at Fort Ouiatanon, and St. Ange was in charge at
Yincennes.

As soon as the English settlements reached the eastern slope of the
Alleghanies, their traders passed over the ridge, and they found it
exceedingly profitable to trade with the western Indians. They could
sell the same quality of goods for a third or a half of what the
French usually charged, and still make a handsome profit. This new
and rich field was soon overrun by eager adventurers. In the
meantime a number of gentlemen, mostly from Yirginia, procured
an act of parliament constituting " The Ohio Company," and
granting them six hundred thousand acres of land on or near the
Ohio River. The objects of this company were to till the soil
and to open up a trade with the Indians west of the Alleghanies and
south of the Ohio.

IJNGLTSH And American tRAdeeS. 103

The French, being well aware that the English could offer their
goods to the Indians at greatly reduced rates, feared that they would
lose the entire Indian trade. At first they protested " against this
invasion of the rights of His Most Christian Majesty " to the gov-
ernor of the English colonies. This did not produce the desired
effect. Their demands were met with equivocations and delays. At
last the French determined on summary measui-es. An order was
issued to the commandants of the various posts on Lake Erie, the
Ohio and the Wabash, to seize all English traders found west of the
Alleghanies. In pursuance of this order, in 1751, four English traders
were captured on the Vermilion of the Wabash and sent to Canada.
Other traders, dealing with the Indians in other localities, were cap-
tured and taken to Presque Isle, and from thence to Canada.

The contest between the rival colonies still went on, increasing in
the extent of its line of operations and intensifying in the animosity
of the feeling with which it was conducted. We quote from a mem-
oir prepared early in 1752, by M. de Longueuil, commandant at
Detroit, showing the state of affairs at a previous date in the Wabash
country. It appears, from the letters of the commandants at the sev-
eral posts named, from which the memoir is compiled, that the Indian
tribes upon the Maumee and Wabash, through the successful efforts of
the English, had become very much disaffected toward their old
friends and masters. M. de Ligneris, commandant at the Ouyatanons,
says the memoir, believes that great reliance is not to be j)laced on the
Maskoutins, and that their remaining neutral is all that is to be
expected from them and the Kickapoos. He even adds that " we are
not to reckon on the nations which appear in our interest ; no Wea
chief has appeared at this post for a long time. M. de Yilliers, com-
mandant at the Miamis — Ft. Wayne — has been disappointed in his
expectation of bringing the Miamis back from the White Eiver — part
of whom had been to see him — the small-pox having put the whole of
them to rout. Coldfoot and his son have died of it, as well as a large
portion of our most trusty Indians. Le Gris, chief of the Tepicons^
and his mother, are likewise dead'; they are a loss because they were
well disposed toward the French."

The memoir continues : " The nations of the River St. Joseph,
who were to join those of Detroit, have said they would be ready to
perform their promise as soon as Ononontio would have sent* the
necessary number of Frenchmen. The commandant of this post
writes, on the 15th of January, that all the nations appear to take
sides against us; that he would not be responsible for the good

104 iltSTOEtC ISrOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

dispositions these Indians seem to entertain, inasmuch as the
Miamis are tlieir near relatives. On the one hand, Mr. de Jon-
caire repeats that the Indians of the beautiful river are all English, for
whom alone they "work ; that all are resolved to sustain each other ;
and that not a part}^ of Indians go to the beautiful river but leave
some [of their numbers] there to increase the rebel forces. On the
other hand, " Mr. de St. Ange, commandant of the post of Yincennes,
writes to M. des Ligneris [at Ouiatanon] to use all means to protect
himself from the storm which is ready to burst on the French, that he
is busy securing himself against the fury of our enemies."

" The Pianguichias, who are at war with the Chaouanons, ac-
cording to the report rendered by Mr. St. Clin, have declared entirely
against us. They killed on Christmas fine Frenchmen at the Yer-
milion. Mr. des Ligneris, who was aware of this attack, sent off a
detachment to secure the effects of the Frenchmen from being plun-
dered; but when this detachment arrived at the Yermilion, the
Piankashaws had decamped. The bodies of the Frenchmen were
found on the ice.

"M. des Ligneris was assured that the Piankashaws had com-
mitted this act because four men of their nation had been killed by the
French at the Illinois, and four others had been taken and put in
irons. It is said that these eight men were going to fight the Cliick-
asaws, and had, without distrusting anything, entered the quarters of
the French, who killed them. It is also rej^orted that the Frenchmen
had recourse to this extreme measure because a Frenchman and two
slaves had been killed a few days before by another party of Pianka-
shaws, and that the Indians in question had no knowledge of that
circumstance. The capture of four English traders by M. de Celeron's
order last year has not prevented other Englishmen going to trade at
the Yermilion River, where the Rev. Father la Richardie wintered."

The memoir continues : " On the 19th of the October the Pianka-
shaws had killed two more Frenchmen, who were constructing
pirogues lower down than the Post of Yincennes. Two days after-
ward the Piankashaws killed two slaves in sight of Fort Yincennes.
The murder of these nine Frenchmen and these two slaves is but too
certain. A squaw, the widow of one of the Frenchmen who had been
killed at the Yermilion, has reported that the Pianguichias, Illinois

and Osages were to assemble at the prairies of , the place where

Messrs. de Yilliers and de l^oyelle attacked the Foxes about twenty
years ago, and when they had built a fort to secure their families, they
were to make a o-eneral attack on all the French.

FICKAWILLANY. 105

" The Miamis of Eock River have scalped two soldiers belonging
to Mr. Yilliers' fort. This blow was struck last fall. Finally, the
English have paid the Miamis for the scalps of the two soldier^
belonging to Mr. de Yilliers' garrison. To add to the misfortunes, M.
des Ligneris has learned that the commandant of the Illinois at Fort
Charters would not permit Sieurs Delisle and Fonblanche, who had
contracted with the king to supply the Miamis Ouyatonons, and even
Detroit with provisions from the Illinois, to purchase any provisions
for the subsistence of the garrisons of those posts, on the ground that
an increased arrival of troops and families would consume the stock at
the Illinois. Famine is not the sole scourge we experience ; the
small-pox commits ravages ; it begins to reach Detroit. It were de-
sirable that it should break out and spread generally throughout the
localities inhabited by our rebels. It would be fully as good as an
army."

The Piankashaws, now completely estranged from the French,
withdrew, almost in a body, from the Wabash, and retired to the
Big Miami, whither a number of Miamis and other Indians had,
some years previous, established a village, to be nearer the English
traders. The village was called Pickawillany ^ or Pichtown. To the
English and Iroquois it was known as the Tawixtwi Town, or Miami-
town. It was located at the mouth of what has since been called
Loramie's creek. The stream derived this name from the fact that a
Frenchman of that name, subsequent to the events here narrated, had
a trading-house at this place. The town was visited in 1751 by Chris-
topher Gist, who gives the following description of it : " The
Twightee town is situated on the northwest side of the Big Min e ami
River, about one hundred and fifty miles from its mouth. It consists
of four hundred families, and is daily increasing. It is accounted one
of the strongest Indian towns in this part of the continent. The
Twightees are a very numerous people, consisting of many different
tribes under the same form of government. Each tribe has a par-
ticular chief, or king, one of which is chosen indifferently out of any
tribe to rule the whole nation, and is vested with greater autliority
than any of the others. They have but lately traded with the Eng-
lish. They formerly lived on the farther side of the Wabash, and
were in the French interests, who supplied them with some few trifles
at a most exorbitant price. They have now revolted from them and
left their former habitations for the sake of trading with the English,
and notwithstanding all the artifices the French have used, they have
not been able to recall them." George Croghan and Mr. Montour,

106 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

agents in the English interests, were in the towTi at the time of Gist's
visit, doing what thej conld to intensify the animosity of the inhabi-
tants against the French. Speeches were made and presents
exchanged to cement the friendship with the English, While these
conferences were going on, a deputation of Indians in the French
interests arrived, with soft words and valuable presents, marching into
the village under French colors. The deputation was admitted to the
council-house, that they might make the object of their visit known.
The Piankashaw chief, or king, " Old Britton," as he was called, on
account of his attachment for the English, had both the British and
French flags hoisted from the council-house. Tlie old chief refused
the brandy, tobacco and other presents sent to him from the French
king. In reply to the speeches of the French ambassadors he said
that the road to the French had been made foul and bloody by them ;
that he had cleared a road to our brothers, the English, and that the
French had made that bad. The French flag was taken down, and the
emissaries of that people, with their presents, returned to the French
post from whence they came.

Wlien negotiations failed to win the Miamis back to French
authority, force was resorted to. On the 21st of June, 1752, a party
of two hundred and forty French and Indians appeared before Pick,
awillany, surprised the Indians in their corn-fields, approaching so
suddenly that the white men who were in their houses had great
difficulty in reaching the fort. They killed one Englishman and
fourteen Miamis, captured the stockade fort, killed the old Pianka-
shaw king, and put his body in a kettle, boiled it and ate it up in
retaliation for his people having killed the French traders on the
Yermilion Piver and at Yincennes. " Thus," says the eloquent his-
torian, George Bancroft, " on the alluvial lands of western Ohio began
the contest that was to scatter death broadcast through the world."

CHAPTER X.

THE WAR FOR THE EMPIRE. ITS LOSS TO THE FRENCH.

The English not only disputed the right of the French to the fnr
trade, but denied their title to the valley of the Mississippi, which lay
west of their American colonies on the Atlantic coast. The grants
from the British crown conveyed to the chartered proprietors all of
the country lying between certain parallels of latitude, according to
the location of the several grants, and extending westward to the
South Sea, as the Pacific was then called. Seeing the weakness of
such a claim to vast tracts of country, upon which no Englishman had
ever set his foot, they obtained deeds of cession from the Iroquois
Indians — the dominant tribe east of the Mississippi — who claimed all
of the county between the Alleghanies and the Mississippi by con-
quest from the several Algonquin tribes, who occupied it. On the
13th of July, 1701, the sachems of the Five Nations conveyed to
"William III, King of Great Britain, " their beaver hunting grounds
northwest and west of Albany," including a broad strip on the south
side of Lake Erie, all of the present states of Michigan, Ohio' and
Indiana, and Illinois as far west as the Illinois River, claiming " that
their ancestors did, more than fourscore years before, totally conquer
subdue and drive the former occupants out of that country, and had'
peaceable and quiet possession of the same, to hunt beavers in, it
being the only chief place for hunting in that part of the world," etc.
The Iroquois, for themselves and heirs, granted the English crown
" the whole soil, the lakes, the rivers, and all things pertaining to said
tract of land, with power to erect forts and castles there," only reserv-
ing to the grantors and " their descendants forever the right of hunt-
ing upon the same," in which privilege the grantee "was expected to
protect them." The grant of the Iroquois was confirmed to the
British crown by deeds of renewal in 1726 and 1744. The reader
will have observed, from what has been said in the preceding chapters
upon the Illinois and Miamis and Pottawatomies relative to the
pretended conquests of the Iroquois, how little merit there was in
the claim they set up to the territory in question. Their war parties

108 lIISTOfelO NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

only raided upon the country — they never occupied it ; their war
parties, after doing as much mischief as they could, returned to
their own country as rapidly as they came. Still their several deeds to
the English crown were a " color of title" on which the latter laid
great stress, and paraded at every treaty with other powers, where
questions involving the right to this territory were a subject of dis-
cussion.

The war for the fur trade expanded into a struggle for empire that
convulsed both continents of America and Europe. The limit assigned
this work forbids a notice of the principal occurrences in the progress
of the French-Colonial War, as most of the military movements in
that contest were outside of the territory we are considering. There
were, however, two campaigns conducted by troops recruited in the
northwest, and these engagements will be' noticed. We believe they
have not heretofore been compiled as fully as their importance would
seem to demand.

In 1758 Gen. Forbes, with about six thousand troops, advanced
against Fort Do Quesne. In mid-September the British troops had
only reached Loyabhannon, where they raised a fort. " Intelligence
had been received that Fort Du Quesne was defended by but eight
hundred men, of whom three hundred were Indians," and Major
Grant, commanding eight hundred Higlilanders and a company of
Virginians, was sent toward the French fort. On the third day's
march Grant had arrived within two miles of Fort Du Quesne. Leav-
ing his baggage there, he took position on a hill, a quarter of a mile
from the fort, and encamped.

Grant, who was not aware that the garrison had been reinforced
by the arrival of Mons. Aubry, commandant at Fort Chartes, with
four hundred men from the Illinois country, determined on an ambus-
cade. At break of day, Major Lewis was sent, with four hundred men,
to lie in ambush a mile and a half from the main body, on the path
on which they left their baggage, imagining the French would send
a force to attack the baggage guard and seize it. Four hundred men
were posted along tlie hill facing the fort to cover the retreat of Mac
Donald's company, which marched with drums beating toward the
fort, in order to draw a party out of it, as Major Grant had reason
to believe there were, including Indians, only two hundred men
within it.

M. de Ligneris, commandant at Fort Du Quesne, at once assembled
seven or eight hundred men, and gave the commnnd to M. Aubry.
The French sallied out of the fort, and tlie Indians, who had crossed

DEFEAT OF THE ENGLISH. 109

the river to keep out of the way of the British, returned and made a
flank movement. Aubry, by a. rapid movement, attacked tlie different
divisions of the English, and completely routed and dispersed them.
The force under Major Lewis was compelled to give away. Being
flanked, a number were driven into the river, most of whom were
drowned. The English lost two hundred and seventy killed, forty-
two wounded, and several prisoners ; among the latter was Grant.

On the 22d of September M. Aubry left Fort Du Quesne, with a
force of six hundred French and Indians, intending to reconnoitre
the position of the English at Loyal-hannon.

" He found a little camp in front of some intrenchments which
would cover a body of two thousand men. The advance guard of the
French detachment having been discovered, the English sent a captain
and fifty men to reconnoitre, who fell in with the detachment and
were entirely defeated. In following the fugitives the French fell
upon this camp, and surprised and dispersed it.

" The fugitives scarcely gained the principal intrenchment, which
M. Aubry held in blockade two days. He killed two hundred horses
and cattle." The French returned to Fort Du Quesne mounted.
" The English lost in the engagement one Injndred and fifty men,
killed, wounded and missing. The French loss was two killed and
seven wounded."

The Louisiana detachment, which took the principal part in both of
these battles, was recruited from the French posts in " The Illinois,"
and consisted of soldiers taken from the garrison in that territory,
and the couretirs des hois, traders and settlers in their respective neigh-
borhoods. It was the first battalion ever raised within the limits of
the present states of Illinois, Indiana and Michigan. After the action
of Loyal-hannon, "the Louisiana detachment, as well as those from
Detroit, returned home."

Soon after their departure, and on the 24th of November, the French
abandoned Fort Du Quesne. Pouchot says : " It came to pass that by
blundering at Fort Du Quesne the French were obliged to abandon it
for want of provisions." This may have been the true reason for the
abandonment, but doubtless the near approach of a large English
army, commanded by Gen. Forbes, had no small influence in accelera-
ting their movements. The fort was a mere stockade, of small dimen-
sions, and not suited to resist the attacks of artillery.

Having burnt the stockade and storehouses, the garrison separated.
One hundred retired to Presque Isle, by land. Two hundred, by way
of the Alleghany, went to Yenango. The remaining hundred des-

110 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

cended tlie Ohio. About forty miles above its confluence witli the
Mississippi, and on a beautiful eminence on the north bank of the
river, they erected a fort and named it Fort Massac, in honor of the
commander, M. Massac, who superintended its construction. This
Avas the last fort erected by the French on the Ohio, and it was occu-
pied by a garrison of French troops until the evacuation of the country
under the stipulations of the treaty of Paris. Such was the origin of
Fort Massac, divested of the romance which fable has thrown around
its name.

On the day following the evacuation the English took peaceaj^le
possession of the smoking ruins of Fort Du Quesne. They erected
a temporary fortification, named it Fort Pitt, in honor of the great
English statesman of that name, and leaving two hundred men as a
garrison, retired over the mountains.

On the 5th of December, 1758, Thomas Pownall, governor of
Massachusetts Bay Province, addressed a memorial to the British
Ministry, suggesting that there should be an entire change in the
method of carr3^ing on the war. Pownall stated that the French
were superior in battles fought in the wilderness ; that Canada never
could be conquered by land campaigns ; that the proper way to suc-
ceed in the reduction of Canada would be to make an attack on Quebec
by sea, and thus, by cutting off supplies from the home government,
Canada would be starved out.

Pitt, if he did not act on the recommendations of Governor
Pownall, at least had similar views, and the next year (1759), in
accordance with this plan. General Wolfe made a successful assault
on Quebec, and from that time, the supplies and reinforcements from
the home government being cut off, the cause of the French in Canada
became almost hopeless.

During this year the French made every effort to stir up the
Indians north of the Ohio to take the tomahawk and scalping-knife
in hand, and make one more attempt to preserve the northwest for
the joint occupancy of the Gallic and American races. Emissaries
were sent to Lake Erie, Detroit, Mackinaw, Ouiatanon, Yincennes,
Kaskaskia and Fort Chartes, loaded with presents and ammunition,
for the purpose of collecting all those stragglers who had not enter-
prise enough to go voluntarily to the seat of war. Canada was hard
pressed for soldiers ; the English navy cut off most of the reinforce-
ments from France, while the English, on the contrary, were con-
stantly receiving troops from the mother country.

Mons. de Aubry, commandant at Fort Chartes, persuaded four

CHANGE OF WAE PLAN 111

hundred men from the " Illinois country " to follow him eastward.
Taking with him two hundred thousand pounds of flour, he
embarked his heterogeneous force in bateaux and ca,noes. The route
by way of the Ohio was closed ; the English were in possession of its
headwaters. He went down the Mississippi, thence up the Ohio to
the mouth of the Wabash. Having ascended the latter stream to
the Miami villages, near the present site of Fort Wayne, his followers
made the portage, passed down the Maumee, and entered Lake
Erie, »

During the whole course of their journey they were being con-
stantly reinforced by bands of different tribes of Indians, and by
Canadian militia as they passed the several posts, until the army wag
augmented to sixteen hundred men, of whom there were six hundred
French and one thousand Indians. An eye-witness, in speaking of
the appearance of the force, said : " When they passed the little
rapid at the outlet of Lake Ei-ie (at Buffalo) the flotilla appeared like
a floating island, as the river was covered with their bateaux and
canoes."

Aubry was compelled to leave his flour and provisions at the Miami
portage. He afterward requested M. de Port-neuf, commandant at
Presque Isle, to take charge of the portage, and to send it constantly
in his bateaux.

Before Aubry reached Presque Isle he was joined by other bodies
of Indians and Canadians from the region of the upper lakes. They
were under the command of French traders and commandants of
interior posts. At Fort Machault he was joined by M. de Lignery ;
the latter had assembled the Ohio Indians at Presque Isle. It was
the original intention of Aubry to recapture Fort Du Quesne from
the English. On the 12th of July a grand council was held at Fort
Machault, in which the commandant thanked the Indians for their
attendance, threw down the war belt, and told them he would set out
the next day for Fort Du Quesne. Soon after messengers arrived
with a packet of letters for the ofticers. After reading them Aubry
told the Indians : " Children, I have received bad news ; the English
are gone against Niagara. We must give over thoughts of going
down the river to Fort Du Quesne till we have cleared that place of
the enemy. If it should be taken, our road to you is stopped, and
you must become poor." Orders were immediately given to proceed
with the artillery, provisions, etc., up French Creek, and the Indians
prepared to follow."

These letters were from M. Pouchot, commandant at Niagara, and

112 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

stated that he was besieged by a much superior force of English and
Indians, who were under the command of General Predeaux and Sir
William Johnson, Aubry answered these letters on the next day, and
said he thought they might fight the enemy successfully, and compel
them to raise the siege. The Indians who brought these messages to
Pouchot informed him that they, on the part of the Indians with
Aubry and Lignery, had offered the Iroquois and other Indian allies
of the English five war belts if they would retire. These promised
that they would not mingle in the quarrel. "We will here recall the
fact that Pouchot, by his letter of the 10th, had notified Lignery and
Aubry that the enemy might be four or five thousand strong without
the Indians, and if they could put themselves in condition to attack so
large a force, he should pass Chenondac to come to Niagara by the
other side of the river, where he would be in condition to drive the
English, who were only two hundred strong on that side, and could
not easily be reinforced. This done, they could easily come to him,
because after the defeat of this body they could send bateaux to
bring them to the fort."

M. Pouchot now recalled his previous request, and informed Aubry
that the enemy were in three positions, in one of which there were
three thousand nine hundred Indians. He added, could Aubry suc-
ceed in driving the enemy from any of these positions, he had no doubt
they would be forced to raise the siege.

Aubry's route was up French Creek to its head waters, thence
making the portage to Presque Isle and sailing along the shores of
Lake Erie until he reached Niagara. Arriving at the foot of Lake
Erie he left one hundred and fifty men in charge of his canoes, and
with the remainder advanced toward Niagara. Sir William Johnsoti
was informed, on the evening of the 23d, of this advance of the
French, and ordered his light infantry and pickets to take post on the
left, on the road between Niagara Falls and the fort ; and these, after
reinforcing them with grenadiers and parts of the 46th and 44th regi-
ments, were so arranged as to effectually support the guard left in the
trenches. Most of his men were concealed either in the trenches or
by trees.

On the tnorning of the 24th the French made their appearance.
They were marching along a path about eight feet wide, and " were in
readiness to fight in close order and without ranks or files." On their
right were thirty Indians, who formed a front on the enemy's left.
The Indians of the English army advanced to speak to those of the
French. Seeing the Iroquois in the latter's company, the French

aubky's campaign. 113

Indians refused to advance, under pretext that they were at peace
with the first named. Though thus abandoned by their chief force,
Aubry and Lignery still proceeded on their way, thinking that a few
savages they saw were isolated men, till they reached a narrow path-
way, when they discovered great numbers beyond. The English
Indians then gave the war whoop and the action commenced. The
English regulars attacked the French in front, while the Indians
poured in on their flank. Thus surprised by an ambuscade, and
deserted by their savage allies, the French proved easy victims to the
prowess of far superior numbers. Tliey were assailed in front and
rear by two thousand men. The rear of the column, unable to resist,
gave way, and left the head exposed to the enemy's fire, which crushed
it entirely. An Indian massacre followed, and the pursuit of the vic-
tors continued until they were compelled to desist by sheer fatigue.
Almost all the French ofiicers were killed, wounded or taken
prisoners. Among the latter was Aubry. Those who escaped
joined M. Rocheblave, and with his detachment retreated to Detroit
and other western lake posts.

This defeat on the shores of Lake Erie was very severe on the
struggling western settlements. Most of all the able bodied men had
gone to Aubry, many never to return. In 1Y60 M. de MacCarty,
commandant at Fort Chartes, in a letter to Marquis Vaudreuil, stated
that " the garrison was weaker than ever before, the check at Niagara
having cost him the elite of his men."

It is apparent, from the desertion of Aubry by his savage allies,
that they perceived tliat the English were certain to conquer in the
end. They felt no particular desire to prop a falling cause, and thus
deserted Mons. Aubry at the crisis when their assistance was most
needed. Thus was defeated the greatest French-Indian force ever
collected in the northwest.

The next day after Aubry's defeat, near Fort Niagara, the fortress
surrendered.

After the surrender of Niagara and Fort Du Quesne, the Indian
allies of France retired to the deep recesses of the western forests, and
the English frontiers suffered no more from their depredations. Set-
tlements were gradually formed on the western side of the Alleghanies,
and they remained secure from Indian invasions.

In the meantime many Canadians, becoming satisfied that the con
quest of Canada was only a mere question of time, determined, before
that event took place, to remove to the French settlements on tlie
lower. Mississippi. '" Many of them accordingly departed from Canada

114 HISTOKIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

by way of the lakes, and thence through the Illinois and Wabash
Kivers to the Mississippi."

After the surrender of Quebec, in 1759, Montreal became the
headquarters of the Freneli in Canada, and in the spring of 1760
Mons. Levi, the French commander-in-chief, besieged Quebec. The
arrival of an English fleet compelled him to relinquish his designs.
Amherst and Johnson formed a junction, and advanced against
Montreal. The French governor of Canada, Marquis Yaudreuil,
believing that further resistance was impossible, surrendered all
Canada to the English. This included the western posts of Detroit,
Mackinaw, Fort Miami, Ouiatanon, Yincennes, Fort St. Joseph,
etc.

After this war ceased to be waged in America, though the treaty
of Paris was not concluded until February, 1763, the most essential
parts of which are contained in the following extracts :

" In order to establish peace on solid and durable foundations,
and to remove forever all subjects of dispute with regard to the
limits of the British and French territories on the continent of
America, it is agreed that for the future the confines between the
dominions of his Britannic Majesty and those of His Most Christian
Majesty in that part of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a line
drawn along the middle of the River Mississippi from its source to
the Eiver Iberville, and from thence by a line drawn along the
middle of this river and the Lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain, to
the sea ; and for this purpose the most Christian King cedes, in full
right, and guarantees to his Britannic Majesty, the river and port of
Mobile, and everything which he possesses, or ought to possess, on
the left side of the Mississippi, with the exception of the town of
JSTew Orleans and of the island on which it is situated; it being well
understood that the navigation of the Mississippi shall be equally
free, as well to the subjects of Great Britain as to those of France,
in its whole length and l^readth, from its source to the sea."

Thus Gallic rule came to an end in North America. Its downfall
M'as the result of natural causes, and was owing largely to the differ-
ence between the Frenchmen and the Englishmen. The former, as
a rule, gave no attention to agriculture, but found occupation in
hunting and trading with the Indians, acquiring nomadic habits that
unfitted them for the cultivation of the soil ; their families dwelt in
villages separated by wide stretches of wilderness. While the able
men were hunting and trading, the old men, women and children
produced scanty crops sown in " common fields," or inclosures of a

OHARACTEEISTICS OF THE ENGLISH AND THE FKENCH. 115

piece of ground which were portioned off among the families of a
village. The Englishman, on the other hand, loved to own land,
and pushed his improvements from the coast line up through all the
valleys extending westward. Reaching the summit of the Allegha-
nies, the tide of emigration flowed into the valleys beyond. Every
cabin was a fort, every advancing farm a new line of intrenehment.
The distinguishing characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon is consistency
and firmness in his designs, and, more than all, his love for a home.
In the trials and hardships necessarily connected with the opening ujj
of the wilderness these traits come prominently into play. The result
was, that the English colonies prospered in a degree hitherto unknown
in the annals of the world's progress. And by way of contrast, how
little did the French have to show in the way of lasting improvements
in the northwest after it had been in their possession for nearly a
century !

However, the very traits that disqualified the Gaul as a successful
colonist gave him a pre-eminent advantage over the Anglo-Saxon in
the influence he exerted upon the Indian. He did not want their
lands ; he fi'aternized with them, adopted their ways, and flattered and
pleased them. The Anglo-Saxon wanted their lands. From the start
he was clamorous for deeds and cessions of territory, and at once
began crowding the Indian out of the country. " The Iroquois told
Sir William Johnson that they believed soon they should not be able
to hunt a bear into a hole in a tree but some Englishman would claim
a right to the property of it, as being found in his tree."

The happiness which the Indians enjoyed from their intercourse
with the French was their perpetual theme ; it was their golden age.
'" Those who are old enough to remember it speak of it with rapture,
and teach their children to venerate it, as the ancients did the reign
of Saturn. ' You call us your children,' said an aged chief to General
Harrison, ' why do you not make us happy, as our fathers the French
did? They never took from us our lands, which, indeed, were in
common between us. They planted where they pleased, and cut wood
where they pleased, and so did we ; but now, if a poor Indian attempts
to take a little bark from a tree to cover him from the rain, up comes
a white man and threatens to shoot him, claiming the tree as his own.' ".

CHAPTEE XI.

GENEEAL CLABk's CONQUEST OF " THE ILLINOIS."

After the Indians had submitted to English rule the west enjoyed
a period of quiet. When the American colonists, long com-
plaining against the oppressive acts of the mother country, broke out
into open revolt, and the war of the revolution fairly began, the
English, from the westward posts of Detroit, Vincennes and Kas-
kaskia, incited the Indians against the frontier settlements, and from
these depots supplied their war parties with guns and ammunition. The
depredations of the Indians in Kentucky were so severe that in the
fall of 1T77 George Rogers Clark conceived, and next year executed,
an expedition against the French settlements of Kaskaskia and Yin-
cennes, which not only relieved Kentucky from the incursions of the
savages, but at the same time resulted in consequences which are
without parallel in the annals of the Northwest.

The account here given of Clark's campaign in "the Illinois" is
taken from a manuscript memoir composed by Clark himself, at the
joint request of Presidents Jefferson and Madison, We prefer giving
the account in Gen. Clark's own words, as far as practicable.

The memoir of Gen. Clark proceeds : " On the (24th) of June,
1778, we left our little island, and run about a mile up the river in
order to gain the main channel, and shot the falls at the very moment
of the sun being in a great eclipse, which caused various conjectures
among the superstitious. As I knew that spies were kept on the river
below the towns of the Illinois, I had resolved to march part of the way
by land, and of course left the whole of our baggage, except as much
as would equip us in the Indian mode. The whole of our force, after
leaving such as was judged not competent to [endure] the expected
fatigue, consisted only of four companies, commanded by Captains
John Montgomery, Joseph Bowman, Leonard Helms and William
Harrod. My force being so small to what I expected, owing to the
various circumstances already mentioned, I found it necessary to alter
my plans of operation.

•'I had fully acquainted myself that the French inhabitants in

CLARK^S CAMPAIGN. 117

tliose western settlements had great influence among the Indians in
general, and were more beloved by them than any other Europeans ;
that their commercial intercourse was universal throughout the west-
ern and northwestern countries, and that the governing interest on
the lakes was mostly in the hands of the English, who were not
much beloved by them. These, and many other ideas similar
thereto, caused me to resolve, if possible, to strengthen myself by
such train of conduct as might probably attach the French inhabit-
ants to our interest, and give us influence in the country we were
aiming for. These were the principles that influenced my future
conduct, and, fortunately, I had just received a letter from Colonel
Campbell, dated Pittsburgh, informing me of the contents of the
treaties between France and America. As I intended to leave the
Ohio at Fort Massac, three leagues below the Tennessee, I landed on
a small island in the mouth of that river, in order to prepare for the
march. In a few hours after, one John Duff and a party of hunters
coming down the river were brought to by our boats. They were
men forme^'ly from the states, and assured us of their happiness in
the adventure. . . . They had been but lately from Kaskaskia,
and were able to give us all the intelligence we wished. They said
that Governor Abbot had lately left Port Yincennes, and gone to
Detroit on business of importance ; that Mr. Eochblave commanded
at Kaskaskia, etc. ; that the militia was kept in good order, and spies
on the Mississippi, and that all hunters, both Indians and others, were
ordered to keep a good look-out for the rebels ^ that the fort was kept
in good order as an asylum, etc., but they believed the whole to
proceed more from the fondness for parade than the expectation of
a visit ; that if they received timely notice of us, they would collect
and give us a warm reception, as they were taught to harbor a most
horrid idea of the rebels, especially the Virginians ; but that if we
could surprise the place, which they were in ho^Dcs we might, they
made no doubt of our being able to do as we pleased ; that they
hoped to be received as partakers in the enterprise, and wished us to
put full confidence in them, and they would assist the guides in con-
ducting the party. This was agreed to, and they proved valuable
men.

" The acquisition to us was great, as I had no intelligence from
those posts since the spies I sent twelve months past. But no part
of their information pleased me more than that of the inhabitants
viewing us as more savage than their neighbors, the Indians. 1 was
determined to improve upon this if I was fortunate enough to get

lis HISTORIC isrOTES ON THE IStOETHWEST.

them into ray possession, as I conceived the greater the shock I
could give them at first the more sensibly would they feel my lenity,
and become more valuable friends. This I conceived to be agreeable
to human nature, as I had observed it in many instances. Having
everything prepared, we moved down to a little gully a small distance
above Massac, in which we concealed our boats, and set out a north-
west course. The weather was favorable. In some parts water was
scarce, as well as game. Of course we suffered drought and hunger,
but not to excess. On the third day John Saunders, our principal
guide, appeared confused, and we soon discovered that he was
totally lost, without there was some other cause for his present
conduct.

"I asked him various questions, and from his answers I could
scarcely determine whkt to think of him — whether or not that he
was lost, or that he wished to deceive us. . . . The cry of the
whole detachment was that he was a traitor. He begged that he
might be suffered to go some distance into a plain that was in full
view, to try to make some discovery whether or not he was right. I
told him he might go, but that I was suspicious of him, from his con-
duct ; that from the first day of his being employed he always said
he knew the way well ; that there was now a different appearance ;
that I saw the nature of the country was such that a person once
acquainted with it could not in a short time forget it ; that a few men
should go with him to prevent his escape, and that if he did not dis-
cover and take us into the hunter's road that led from the east into
Kaskaskia, which he had frequently described, I would have him
immediately put to death, which I was determined to have done. But
after a search of an hour or two he came to a place that he knew per-
fectly, and we discovered that the poor fellow had been, as they call
it, bewildered.

" On the fourth of July, in the evening, we got within a few miles
of the town, where we lay until near dark, keeping spies ahead, after
which we commenced our march, and took possession of a house
wherein a large family lived, on the bank of the Kaskaskia River,
about three-quarters of a mile above the town. Here we were
informed that the people a few days before were under arms, but had
concluded that the cause of the alarra was without foundation, and
that at that time there was a great number of men in town, but that
the Indians had generally left it, and at present all was quiet. We
soon procured a sufiiciency of vessels, the more in ease to convey us
across the river.

Clark's conquest 119

" "With one of the divisions I marched to the fort, and ordered the
other two into different quarters of the town. If I met with no resist-
ance, at a certain signal a general shout was to be given and certain
parts were to be immediately possessed, and men of each detach-
ment who could speak the French language, were to run through
every street and proclaim what had happened, and inform the inhab-
itants that every person that appeared in the streets would be shot
down. This disjjosition had its desired effect. In a very little time
we had complete possession, and every avenue was guarded to prevent
any escape to give the alarm to the other villages in case of opposi-
tion. Various orders had been issued not worth mentioning. I don't
suppose greater silence ever reigned among the inhabitants of a
place than did at this at present ; not a person to be seen, not a word
to be heard by them, for some time, but, designedly, the greatest
noise kept up by our troops through every quarter of the town, and
patrols continually the whole night around it, as intercepting any
information was a capital object, and in about two hours the whole of
the inhabitants were disarmed, and informed that if one was taken
attempting to make his escape he should be immediately put to
death."

When Col. Clark, by the use of various bloodless means, had raised
the terror of the French inhabitants to a painful height, he surprised
them and won their confidence and friendship, by performing, unex-
pectedly, several acts of justice and generosity. On the morning of
the 5th of July a few of the principal men were arrested and put in
irons. Soon afterward M. Gibault, the priest of the village, accom-
panied by five or six aged citizens, waited on Col. Clark, and said that
the inhabitants expected to be separated, perhaps never to meet again,
and they begged to be permitted to assemble in their church, and
there to take leave of each other. Col. Clark mildly told the priest
that he had nothing to say against his religion ; that it was a matter
which Americans left for every man to settle with his God ; that the
people might assemble in their church, if they would, but that they
must not venture out of town.

Nearly the whole French population assembled at the church. The
houses were deserted by all who could leave them, and Col. Clark
gave orders to prevent any soldiers from entering the vacant buildings.
After the close of the meeting at the church a deputation, consisting
of M. Guibault and several other persons, waited on Col. Clark, and
said " that their present situation was the fate of war, and that they
could submit to the loss of their property, but they solicited that they

120 HISTORIC KOTES ON TItE ^TOfiTHWEST.

might not be separated from their wives and children, and that some
clothes and provisions might be allowed for their suj^port." Clark
feigned surprise at this request, and abruptly exclaimed, " Do you
mistake us for savages ? I am almost certain you do from your lan-
guage ! Do you think that Americans intend to strip women and
children, or take the bread out of their mouths ? My countrymen,"
said Clark, " disdain to make war upon heljDless innocence. It was to
prevent the horrors of Indian butchery upon our own wives and
children that we have taken arms and penetrated into this remote
stronghold of British and Indian barbarity, and not the despicable
prospect of plunder; that now the king of France had united his
powerful arms with those of America, the war would not, in all proba-
bility, continue long, but the inhabitants of Kaskaskia were at liberty
to take which side they pleased, without the least danger to either
their property or families. Nor would their religion be any source of
disagreement, as all religions were regarded with equal respect in the
eye of the American law, and that any insult offered to it would be
immediately punished."

"And now," Clark continues, "to prove my sincerity, you will
please inform your fellow-citizens that they are quite at liberty to
conduct themselves as usual, without the least apprehension. I am
now convinced, from what I have learned since my arrival among
you, that you have been misinformed and prejudiced against us by
British officers, and your friends who are in confinement shall imme-
diately be released." In a few minutes after the delivery of this speech
the gloom that rested on the minds of the inhabitants of Kaskaskia
had passed away. The news of the treaty of alliance between France
and the United States, and the influence of the magnanimous conduct
of Clark, induced the French villagers to take the oath of allegiance
to the state of Yirginia. Their arms were restored to them, and a
volunteer company of French militia joined a detachment mider Capt.
Bowman, when that officer was dispatched to take possession of Caho-
kia. The inhabitants of this small village, on hearing what had taken
place at Kaskaskia, readily took the oath of allegiance to Yirginia.

The memoir of Clark proceeds : " Post Yincennes never being
out of my mind, and from some things that I had learned I suspected
that Mr. Gibault, the priest, was inclined to the American interest
previous to our arrival in the country. He had great influence over
the people at this period, and Post Yincennes was under his juris-
diction. I made no dou-bt of his integrity to us. I sent for him, and
had a long conference with him on the subject of Post Yincennes. In

SECURES VtNCENJrES. 121

answer to all my queries lie informed me that lie did not think it
wortli my while to cause any military preparation to be made at the
Falls of the Ohio for the attack of Post Yincennes, although the j)lace
was strong and a great number of Indians in its neighborhood, who,
to his knowledge, were generally at war; that the governor had, a
few weeks before, left the place on some business to Detroit ; that he
expected that when the inhabitants w^ere fully acquainted with what
had passed at the Illinois, and the present happiness of their friends,
and made fully acquainted with the nature of the war, their sentiments
would greatly change ; that he knew that his appearance there would
have great weight, even among the savages ; that if it was agreeable
to me he would take this business on himself, and had no doubt of his
being able to bring that place over to the American interest without
my being at the trouble of marching against it ; that the business
being altogether spiritual, he wished that another person might be
charged with the temporal part of the embassy, but that he would
privately direct the whole, and he named Dr. Lafont as liis associate.
" This was perfectly agreeable to what I had been secretly aiming
at for some days. The plan was immediately settled, and the two
doctors, with their intended retinue, among whom I had a spy, set
about preparing for their journey, and set out on the 14th of July, with
an address to the inhabitants of Post Yincennes, authorizing them to
garrison their own town themselves, which would convince them of
the great confidence we put in them, etc. All this had its desired
effect. Mr. Gibault and his party arrived safe, and after their spend-
ing a day or two in explaining matters to the people, they universally
acceded to the proposal (except a few emissaries left by Mr. Abbo^
who immediately left the country), and went in a body to the church,
where the oath of allegiance was administered to them in a most
solemn manner. An officer was elected, the fort immediately [gar-
risoned], and the American flag displayed to the astonishment of the
Indians, and everything settled far beyond our most sanguine hopes.
The people here immediately began to put on a new face, and to talk
in a different style, and to act as perfect freemen. With a garrison
of their own, with the United States at their elbow, their language to
the Indians was immediately altered. They began as citizens of the
United States, and informed the Indians that their old father, the king
of France, was €ome to life again, and was mad at them for fighting
for the English ; that they would advise them to make peace with the
Americans as soon as they could, otherwise they might expect the land
to be very bloody, etc. The Indians began to think seriously ;

122 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

throngliout the country this was the kind of h^ngnage they ■ generally
got from the ancient friends of the Wabash and Illinois. Through
the means of their correspondence spreading among the nations, our
batteries began now to play in a proper channel. Mr. Gibault and
party, accompanied by several gentlemen of Post Vincennes, returned
to Kaskaskia about the 1st of August with the joyful news. During
his absence on this business, which caused great anxiety to me (for
without the possession of this post all our views would have been
blasted), I was exceedingly engaged in regulating things in the Illi-
nois. The reduction of these posts was the period of the enlistment
of our troops. I was at a great loss at tlie time to determine how to
act, and how far I might venture to strain my authority. My instruc-
tions were silent on many important points, as it was impossible to
foresee the events that would take place. To abandon the country,
and all the prospects that opened to our view in the Indian depart-
ment at this time, for the want of instructions in certain cases, I
thought would amount to a reflection on government, as having no
confidence in me. I resolved to usurp all the authority necessary to
carry my points. I had the greater part of our [troops] re-enlisted on
a different establishment, commissioned French officers in the country
to command a company of the young inhal)itants, established a gar-
rison at Cahokia, commanded by Captain Bowman, and another at
Kaskaskia, commanded by Captain Williams. Post Vincennes
remained in the situation as mentioned. Colonel William Linn, who
had accompanied us as a volunteer, took charge of a party that was to
be discharged upon their arrival at the Falls, and orders were sent for
tlie removal of that post to the mainland. Captain John Montgomeiy
was dispatched to government with letters. ... I again turned
my attention to Post Yincennes. I plainly saw that it would be highly
necessary to have an American officer at that post. Captain Leonard
Helm appeared calculated to answer my purpose ; he was past the
meridian of life, and a good deal acquainted with the Indian [dispo-
sition]. I sent him to command at that post, and also appointed him
agent for Indian affairs in the department of the Wabash. . . .
About the middle of August he set out to take possession of his new
command. Thus," says Cljirk, referring to Helm's success, " ended
this valuable negotiation, and the saving of much blood. ... In
a short time almost the whole of the various tribes of the different
nations of the Wabash, as high as the Ouiatanon, came to Post Vin-
cennes, and followed the example of the Grand Door Chief ; and as
expresses were continually passing between Captain Helm and myself

Clark's influence witit the Indians. 123

the whole time of these treaties, the business was settled perfectly to
my satisfaction, and greatly to the advantage of the public. The
British interest daily lost ground in this quarter, and in a short time
our influence reached the Indians on the Riv^er St. Joseph and the
border of Lake Michigan. The French gentlemen at the different
posts we now had possession of engaged warmly in our interest.
They appeared to vie with each other in promoting the business, and
through the means of their correspondence, trading among the Indians,
and otherwise, in a short time the Indians of various tribes inhabiting
the region of Illinois came in great numbers to Cahokia, in order to
make treaties of peace with us. From the information they generally
got from the French gentlemen (whom they implicitly believed)
respecting us, they were truly alarmed, and, consequently, we were
visited by the greater part of them, without any invitation from us.
Of course we had greatly the advantage in making use of such lan-
guage as suited our [interest]. Those treaties, which commenced
about the last of August and continued between three and four weeks,
were probably conducted in a way different from any other known in
America at that time. I had been always convinced that our general
conduct with the Indians was wrong; that inviting them to treaties
was considered by them in a different manner from what we expected,
and imputed by them to fear, and that giving them great presents
confirmed it. I resolved to guard against this, and I took good pains
to make myself fully acquainted with the French and Spanish methods
of treating Indians, and with the manners, genius and disposition of
the Indians in general. As in this quarter they had not yet been
spoiled by us, I was 'resolved that they should not be. I began the
business fully j)repared, having copies of the British treaties."

At the first great council, which was opened at Cahokia, an Indian
■ihief, with a belt of peace in his hand, advanced to the table at which
Col. Clark was sitting ; another chief, bearing the sacred pijje of the
tribe, went forward to the table, and a third chief then advanced with
fii-e to kindle the pipe. When the pipe was lighted it was figuratively
presented to the heavens, then to the earth, then to all the good spirits,
to witness what was about to be done. After the observance of these
forms the pipe was presented to Clark, and afterward to every person
present. An Indian speaker then addressed the Indians as follows :
" Warriors — You ought to be thankful that the Great Spirit has taken
pity on you, and cleared the sky and opened your ears and hearts, so
that you may hear the truth. We have been deceived by bad birds
flying through the land. But we will take up the bloody hatchet no

124 HlSTOKiC iJOTES Oisr the t^OETtlWESf.

more against the Big Knife, and we hope, as the Great Spirit has
brought ns togetiier for good, as he is good, that we may be received as
friends, and that the belt of peace may take the place of the bloody
belt."

"I informed them," says Clark, "that I had paid attention to what
they had said, and that on the next day I would give them an answer,
when I hoped the ears and hearts of all people would be opened to
receive the truth, which should be spoken without deception. I advised
them to keep prepared for the result of this day, on which, perhaps,
their very existence as a nation depended, etc., and dismissed them,
not suffering any of our people to shake hands with thenr, as peace
was not yet concluded, telling them it was time enough to give the
hand when the heart could be given also. They replied that ' such
sentiments were like men who had but one heart, and did not speak
with a double tongue.' The next day I delivered them the following
speech :

' Men and Warriors — Pay attention to my words : You informed
me yesterday that the Great Spirit had brought us together, and that
you hoped, as he was good, that it would be for good. I have also the
same hope, and expect that each party will strictly adhere to whatever
may be agreed upon, whether it be peace or war, and henceforward
prove ourselves worthy of the attention of the Great Spirit. I am a
man and a warrior — not a counsellor. I carry war in ray right hand, and
and in my left peace. I am sent by the great council of the Big
Knife, and their friends, to take possession of all the towns possessed
by the English in this country, and to watch the motions of the red
people ; to bloody the paths of those who attempt to stop the course
of the river, but to clear the roads from us to those who desire to be
in peace, that the women and children may walk in them without
meeting anything to strike their feet against. I am ordered to call
upon the Great Fire for warriors enough to darken the land, and
that the red people may hear no sound but of birds who live on
blood. I know there is a mist before your eyes. I will dispel the
clouds, that you may clearly see the cause of the war between the
Big Knife and the English, then you may judge for yourselves which
party is in the right, and if you are warriors, as you profess to be,
prove it by adhering faithfully to the party Mdiich you shall believe
to be entitled to your friendship, and do not show yourselves to be
squaws.

' The Big Knives are very much like the red people. They don't
know how to make blankets and powder and cloth. They buy these

CLAKk's speech to the INDIANS. 125

things from the English, from whom they are sprung. They live by
making corn, hunting and trade, as yon and your neighbors, the
French, do. But the Big Knives, daily getting more numerous, like
the trees in the woods, the land became poor and hunting scarce, and
having but little to trade with, the women began to cry at seeing their
children naked, and tried to learn how to make clothes for them-
selves. They soon made blankets for their husbands and children,
and the men learned to make guns and powder. In this way we did
not want to buy so much from the English. They then got mad with
us, and sent strong garrisons through our country, as you see they
have done among you on the lakes, and among the French. They
would not let our women spin, nor our men make powder, nor let us
trade with anybody else. The English said we should buy everything
of them, and since we had got saucy we should give two bucks for a
blanket, which we used to get for one; we should do as they
pleased ; and they killed some of our people to make the rest fear
them. This is the truth, and the real cause of the war between the
English and us, which did not take place until some time after this
treatment.

' But our women became cold and hungry and continued to cry.
Our young men got lost for want of counsel to put them in the right
path. The whole land was dark. The old men held down their
heads for shame, because they could not see the sun ; and thus there
was mourning for many years over the land. At last the Great
Spirit took pity on us, and kindled a great council fire, that never
goes out at a place called Philadel]3hia. He then stuck down a post,
and put a war tomahawk by it, and' went away. The sun
immediately broke out, the sky was blue again, and the old men held
up their heads and assembled at the fire. They took up the hatchet,
sharpened it, and put it into the hands of our young men, ordering
them to strike the English as long as they could find one on this
side of the great waters. The young men immediately struck the war
post and blood was shed. In this way the war began, and the
English were driven from one place to another until they got weak,
and then they hired you red people to fight for them. The Great
Spirit got angiy at this, and caused your old father, the French
king, and other great nations, to join the Big Knives, and fight with
them against all their enemies. So the English have become like
deer in the woods, and you may see that it is the Great Spirit
that has caused your waters to be troubled, because you have fought
for the people he was mad with. If your women and children

126 HISTOKIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

should now cry, you must blame yourselves for it, and not the Big
Knives.

' You can now judge who is in the right. I have already told you
who I am. Here is a bloody belt and a white one, take which you
please. Behave like men, and don't let your being surrounded by
the Big Knives cause you to take up the one belt with your hands
while your hearts take up the other If you take the bloody path,
you shall leave the town in safety, and may go and join your friends,
the English. We will then try, like warriors, who can put the most
stumbling-blocks in each other's way, and keep our clothes longest
stained with blood. If, on the other hand, you should take the path
of peace, and be received as brothers to the Big Knives, with their
friends, the French ; should you then listen to bad birds that ma^' be
flying through the land, you will no longer deserve to be counted as
men, but as creatures with two tongues, that ought to be destroyed
without listening to anything you might say. As I am convinced
you never heard the truth b«fore, I do not wish you to answer before
you have taken time to counsel. We will, therefore, part this evening,
and when the Great Spirit shall bring us together again, let us speak
and think like men, with but one heart and one tongue.'

" The next day after this speech a new fire was kindled with more
than usual ceremony ; an Indian speaker came forward and said :
They ought to be thankful that the Great Spirit had taken pity on
them, and opened their ears and their hearts to receive the truth.
He had paid great attention to what the Great Spirit had
put into my heart to say to them. They believed the whole to be the
truth, as the Big Knives did not speak like any other people they had
ever heard. They now saw they had been deceived, and that the
English had told them lies, and that I had told them the truth, just as
some of their old men had always told them. They now believed
that we were in the right ; and as the English had forts in their coun-
try, they might, if they got strong enough, want to serve the red
peoi)le as they had treated the Big Knives. The red peojjle ought,
therefore, to help us, and they had, with a cheerful heart, taken up
the belt of peace, and spurned that of war. They were determined
to hold the former fast, and would have no doubt of our friendship,
from the manner of our speaking, so different from that of the
English. They would now call in their warriors, and throw the
tomahawk into the river, where it could never be found. They would
suffer no more bad birds to fly through the land, disquieting the
women and children. They would be careful to smooth the roads for

CLAKK TREATS WITH THE INDIANS. 127

their brothers, the Big Knives, whenever they might wish to come
and see them. Their friends should hear of the good talk I had given
them; and they hoped I would send 'chiefs among them, with my
eyes, to see myself that they were men, and strictly adhered to all they
had said at this great fire, which the Great Spirit had kindled at
Cahokia for the good of all people who would attend it."

The sacred pipe was again kindled, and presented, figuratively, to
the heavens and the earth, and to all the good spirits, as witness of
what had been done. The Indians and the white men then closed the
council by smoking the pipe and shaking hands. With no material
variation, either of the forms that were observed, or with the speeches
that were made at this council. Col. Clark and the officers concluded
treaties of peace with the Piankashaws, Ouiatanons, Kickaj^oos, Illi-
nois, Kaskaskias, Peorias, and branches' of some other tribes that
inhabited the country between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi.

Gov. Henry soon received intelligence of the successful progress of
the expedition under the command of Clark. The French inhabitants
of the villages of Kaskaskias, Cahokia and Post Yincennes took the
oath of allegiance to the State of Virginia.

In October, 17Y8, the General Assembly of the State of Virginia
passed an act which contained the following provisions, viz : All the
citizens of the Commonwealth of Virginia "who are already settled
or shall hereafter settle on the western side of the Ohio, shall be
included in a distinct county, which shall be called Illinois county^
and the governor of this commonwealth, with the advice of the coun-
cil, may appoint a county lieutenant, or commandant-in-chief, in that
county, during pleasure, who shall appoint and commission so many
deputy commandants, militia officers and commissaries as he shall think
proper in the diiferent districts, during pleasure ; all of whom, before
they enter into office, shall take the oath of fidelity to this common-
wealth and the oath of office, according to the form of their own
religion. And all civil officers to which the inhabitants have been
accustomed, necessary for the preservation of the peace and the admin
istration of justice, shall be chosen by a majority of the citizens in
their respective districts, to be convened for that purpose by the county
lieutenant, or commandant, or his deputy, and shall be commissioned
by the said county lieutenant or commandant-in-chief."

Before the provisions of the law were carried into effect, Henry
Hamilton, the British lieutenant-governor of Detroit, collected an
army, consisting of about thirty regulars, fifty French volunteers,
and four hundred Indians. "With this force he passed down the River

128 HISTORIC NOTES ON THE NORTHWEST.

Wabash, and took possession of Post Yincennes on the 15th of Decem-
ber, 1778. No attempt was made by the population to defend the
town. Capt. Hehn was taken and detained as a prisoner, and a num-
ber of the French inhabitants disarmed.

Clark was aware that Gov. Hamilton, now that he had regained
possession of Yincennes, would undertake the capture of his forces,
and realizing his danger, he determined to forestall Hamilton and
capture the latter. His plans were at once formed. He sent a por-
tion of his available force bj boat, called The Willing^ with instruc-
tions to Capt. Rogers, the commander, to proceed down the Mississippi
and up the Ohio and Wabash, and secrete himself a few miles below
Yincennes, and prohibit any persons from passing either up or down.
With another part of his force he marched across the country, through
prairies, swamps and marshes, crossing swollen streams — for it was in
the month of February, and the whole country was flooded from con-
tinuous rains — and arriving at the banks of the Wabash near St.
Francisville, he pushed across the river and brought his forces in the
rear of Yincennes before daybreak. So secret and rapid were his
movements that Gov. Hamilton had no notice that Clark had left
Kaskaskia. Clark issued a notice requiring the people of the town to
keep within their houses, and declaring that all persons found else-
where would be treated as enemies. Tobacco's Son tendered one
hundred of his Piankashaw braves, himself at their head. Clark
declined their services with thanks, saying his own force was sufficient.
Gov. Hamilton had just completed the fort, consisting of strong block-
houses at each angle, with the cannon placed on the upper floors, at
an elevation of eleven feet from the surface. The works were at
once closely invested. The ports were so badly cut, the men on the
inside could not stand to their cannon for the bullets that would whiz
from the rifles of Clark's sharp-shooters through the embrasures
whenever they were suffered for an instant to remain open.

The town immediately surrendered with joy, and assisted at the
siege. After the first offer to surrender upon terms was declined,
Hamilton and Clark, with attendants, met in a conference at the
Catholic church, situated some eighty rods from the fort, and in the
afternoon of the same day, the 24th of February, 1779, the fort and
garrison, consisting of seventy-five men, surrendered at discretion.
The result was that Hamilton and his whole force were made prison-
ers of war. Clark held military possession of the northwest until
the close of the war, and in that way it was secured to our country.
At the treaty of peace, held at Paris at the close of the Revolutionary

THE LAKES THE BOUNDAET. 129

war, the British insisted that the Ohio River should be the northern
boundary of the United States. The correspondence rehitive to that
treaty shows that the only ground on which " the American commis-
sioners relied to sustain their claim that the lakes should be the
boundary was the fact that General Clark had conquered the country,
and was in the undisputed military possession of it at the time of
the negotiation. This fact was affirmed and admitted, and was the
chief ground on which British commissioners reluctantly abandoned
their claim."

CHAPTEK XIL

A. SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF OHIO, AFTER SMUCKER, WITH
ADDITIONS.

THE TITLE OF VIRGINIA AND HER DEED OF CESSION.

" Virginia acquired title to the great Northwest by its several char-
ters, granted by James I., bearing dates respectively April 10, 1606 ;
May 23, 1609; March 12, 1611. The Colony of Virginia first
attempted to exercise authority in, or jurisdiction over, that portion
of its extensive domains that was organized by the ordinance of '87
into ' the Territory Northwest of the Kiver Ohio,' when in 1Y69, the
House of Burgess of said Colony passed an act establishing the county
of Botetourt, with the Mississippi Eiver as its western boundary.
The aforesaid act recited that, ' Whereas, the people situated on the
Mississippi, in said county of Botetourt, will be very remote from the
court-house, and must necessarily become a separate county, as soon
as their numbers are sufficient, which, probably, will happen in a
short time, be it therefore enacted, by the authority aforesaid, that the
inhabitants of that part of the said county of Botetourt which lies on
said waters shall be exempted from the payment of any levies to be
laid by said county court for the purpose of building a court-house
and prispn for the said county.'

" Civil government, however, between the Ohio and Mississippi
rivers was more in name than reality, until in 1778, after the conquest
of the country by General George Rogers Clark, when the Virginia
Legislature organized the county of Illinois, embracing within its
limits all the territory owned by Virginia west of the Ohio River.
Colonel ^ohn Todd served, under appointment received from the
Governor of Virginia, as civil commandant, and lieutenant of the
county, until his death, at the battle of Blue Licks, in 1782, less than
two years before Virginia ceded the country to the United States.
Timothy de Montbrun was his successor.

" In 1783 ' the General Assembly of Virginia passed an act author-
izing the Virginia delegates in Congress to convey to the United

A SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF OHIO. 131

States all the right of that Coinnionwealth to the territory northwest-
ward of the River Ohio.'

"Pursuant to the foregoing action of the General Assembly of
Yirginia, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Hardy, Arthur Lee and James
Monroe, Yirginia's delegates in Congress, did, as per deed of session,
on the first day of March, 1784, it being the eighth year of American
independence, ' convey (in the name and for, and on behalf of, the
said Commonwealth), transfer, assign, and make over unto the United
States in Congress assembled, for the benefit of said States, Yirginia
inclusive, all right, title and claim, as well of soil as of jurisdiction,
to the territory of said State lying and being to the northwest of the
river Ohio.' Upon the presentation of said deed of cession, Congress
resolved, on the same day, 'that it be accepted, and the same be
recorded and enrolled among the acts of the United States in Con-
gress assembled.'

" The United States having thus secured title to the 'Great North-
west,' Congress soon deemed it advisable to take the preliminary steps
looking to the permanent establishment of civil government in the
new and extensive territory of which that body had just become the
legal custodian. Accordingly, after much mature deliberation and
careful consideration of the subject, as well as prolonged discussion of
the important questions involved, they, on the 13th of July, 178 Y,
gave to the world the results of their deliberations in 'An ordinance
for the government of the Territory of the United States IS^^orth-
west of the river Ohio,' which has come to be best known as ' The
Ordinance of '87,' sometimes also called ' The Ordinance of Free-
dom.' Said ordinance was the fundamental law, the Constitution, so
to speak, of the great Northwest, upon which were based, and with
which harmonized, all our territorial enactments, as well as ad our
subsequent State legislation, and, moreover, it is to that wise, states-
manlike document that we are indebted for much of our prosperity
and greatness.

PROBABLE NUMBER AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION IN 1787.

" Up to the time of the passage of the above ordinance there had
been no permanent settlements by white men established upon terri-
tory embraced within the boundaries given to the Northwest Territoiy,
except the few French villages and their immediate vicinities, in the
western and northwestern portions of it. If any such existed within
the present limits of Ohio, they must have been situated along the

132 A SKETCH OF THE

Maumee Kiver, and were of small extent. The Government had
hitherto, for the sake of peace, discouraged, and by military force
prevented, all attempts of white settlers to occupy lands belonging to
the Indians. The chief of those French villages were Detroit, on the
Detroit Eiver ; St. Yincents, on the Wabash ; Cahokia, five miles
below St. Louis ; St. Philip, forty-eight miles below St. Louis, on the
Mississippi ; Kaskaskia, on Kaskaskia River, six miles above its mouth,
which empties into the Mississippi seventy-five miles below St Louis ;
Prairie-du-Eocher, near Fort Chartres; and Fort Chartres, fifteen
miles northwest from Kaskaskia. These were all small settlements or
villages, whose aggregate inhabitants probably did not exceed three
thousand.

" The inhabitants of these remote settlements in the wilderness and
on the prairies, says a late writer, ' were of a peculiar character. Their
intercourse with the Indians, and their seclusion from the world,
developed among them peculiar characteristics. They assimilated
themselves with the Indians, adopted their habits, and almost uni-
formly lived in harmony with them. They were illiterate, careless,
contented, but without much industry, energy, or foresight. Some
were hunters, trappers, and anglers, while others run birch-bark
canoes by way of carrying on a small internal trade, and still others
cultivated the soil. The traders, or voyageurs, were men fond of
adventure, and of a wild, unrestrained, Indian sort of life, and would
ascend many of the long rivers of the West almost to their sources in
their birch-bark canoes, and load them with furs bought of the Indians.
The canoes were light, and could easily be carried across the portages
between streams.'

" There was attached to these French villages a ' common field,' for
the free use of the villagers, every family, in proportion to the num-
ber of its members, being entitled to share in it. It was a large
inclosed tract for farming purposes. There was also at each village a
'common,' or large inclosed tract, for pasturage and fuel purposes,
and timber for building. If a head of a family was sick, or by any
casualty was unable to labor, his portion of the ' common field ' was
cultivated by his neighbors, and the crop gathered for the use of his
family. ' The French villagers,' says the author of Western Annals,
' were devout Catholics, who, under the guidance of their priests,
attended punctually upon all holidays and festivals, and performed
faithfully all the outward duties and ceremonies of the church. Aside
from this, their religion was blended with their social feelings. Sun-
day, after mass, was the especial occasion for their games and assem-

HISTORY OF OHIO. • 133

blies. The dance was the popular amusement witli them, and all
classes, ages, sexes, and conditions, united bj a common love of enjoy-
ment, met together to participate in the exciting pleasure. They were
indifferent about the acquisition of property for themselves or their
children. Living in a fruitful country, which, moreover, abounded
in fish and game, and where the necessaries of life could be procured
with little labor, they were content to live in unambitious peace, and
comfortable poverty. Their agriculture was rude, their houses were
humble, and they cultivated grain, also fruits and flowers ; bur they
lived on from generation to generation without much change or
improvement. In some instances they intermarried with the sur-
rounding Indian tribes.'

" Most of these far-off western villages were protected by military
posts, and some of them (notably Detroit, which for .months had sue
cessfully resisted, in 1763, when in possession of the English, the
attacks of the great Pontiac) had realized something of the ' pride,
pomp, and circumstance of glorious war.' The morning guns of these
forts had sounded the merry reveille upon the early breeze, waking
the slumbering echoes of the forests, daily, for a century or more ; the
boom of their loud mid-day cannon across the broad prairies, and its
reverberatioi.s from the cliffs beyond, had been heard for genera-
tions ; and their evening bugle had wailed plaintively its long-drawn,
melancholy notes along the shores of the ' Father of Waters ' — the
mighty river of the West — for more than a hundred years before the
adoption of ' freedom's ordinance.'

ORGANIZATION OF THE OHIO LAND COMPANY.

" While Congress had under consideration the measure for the
organization of a territorial government north-west of the Ohio Kiver,
the preliminary steps were taken in Massachusetts towards the forma-
tion of the Ohio Land Company, for the purpose of making a pur-
chase of a large tract of land in said Territory, and settling upon it.
Upon the passage of the ordinance by Congress, the aforesaid land
company perfected its organization, and by its agents, Rev. Manas-
seh Cutler and Major Winthrop Sargent, made application to the
Board of Treasury, July 27, 1787, to become purchasers, said board
having been authorized four days defore to make sales. The pur-
chase, which was perfected October 27, 1787, embraced a tract of land
containing about a million and a half of acres, situated within the
present counties of Washington, Athens, Meigs and Gallia, subject

134 A SKETCH Ot THE

to the reservation of two townships of land six miles square, for the
endowment of a college, since known as Ohio University, at Athens;
also every sixteenth section, set apart for the nse of schools, as well
as every twenty-ninth section, dedicated to the support of religious
institutions ; also sections eight, eleven and twenty-six, which were
reserved for the United States, for future sale. After these deduc-
tions were made, and that for donation lands, there remained only
nine hundred and sixty-four thousand two hundred and eighty-five
acres to be paid for by the Ohio Land Company, and for which pat-
ents were issued.

"At a meeting of the directors of the company, held November
23, 1787, General Rufus Putnam was chosen superintendent of the
company, and he accepted the position. Early in December six boat
builders and a number of other mechanics were sent forward to Sim-
rail's Ferry (now West Newton), on the Youghiogheny River, under
the command of Major Haffield White, where they arrived in Jan-
uary, and at once proceeded to build a boat for the use of the com-
pany. Colonel Ebenezer Sproat, of Rhode Island, Anselm Tupper
and John Matthews, of Massachusetts, and Colonel Return J. Meigs,
of Connecticut, were appointed surveyors. Preliminary steps were
also taken at this meeting to secure a teacher and chaplain, which
resulted in the appointment of Rev. Daniel Story, who some time
during the next year arrived at the mouth of the Muskingum, in the
capacity of the first missionary and teacher from New England.

" Early in the winter the remainder of the pioneers, with the sur-
veyors, left their New England homes and started on their toilsome
journey to the western wilderness. They passed on over the
Alleghanies, and reached the Youghiogheny about the middle of
February, where they rejoined their companions who had preceded
them.

" The boat, called the ' Mayflower,' that was to transport the pioneers
to their destination, was forty-five feet long, twelve feet wide, and
fifty tons burden, and was placed under the command of Captain
Devol. ' Her bows were raking, or curved like a galley, and strongly
timbered ; her sides were made bullet-proof, and she was covered with
a deck roof,' so as to afford better protection against the hostile sav-
ages while floating down towards their western home, and during its
occupancy there, before the completion of their cabins. All things
being ready, they embarked at Simrall's Ferry, April 2, 1788, and
passed down the Youghiogheny into the Monongahela,, and thence
into the Ohio, and down said river to the mouth of the Muskingum,

lllSTORY OF OHIO. 135

where tliey arrived April 7, and then and there made the first perma-
nent settlement of civilized men loithin the present limits of Ohio.
These bold adventurers were reinforced by another company from
Massachusetts, who, after a nine weeks' journey, arrived early in July,
1788.

" Many of these Yankee colonists had been officers and soldiers in
the Revolutionary army, and were, for the most part, men of intelli-
gence and character, and of sound judgment and ability. In short,
they were just the kind of men to found a State in the wilderness.
They posssessed great energy of character, were enterprising, fond of
adventure and daring, and were not to be intimidated by the formid-
able forests nor by the ferocious beasts sheltered therein, nor by the
still more to be dreaded savages, who stealthily and with murderous
intent roamed throughout their length and breadth. Their army expe-
rience had taught them what hardships and privations were, and they
were quite willing to encounter them. A better set of men could
not have been selected for pioneer settlers than were these !New
England colonists — those brave-hearted, courageous hero-emigrants to
the great Northwest, who, having triumphantly passed the hery ordeal
of the Eevolution, volunteered to found a State and to establish
American laws, American institutions, and American civilization in
this wilderness of the uncivilized west. If any State in our American
Union ever had a better start in its incipient settlement than Ohio, I
am not aware of it. General Washington, writing of these bold
pioneers, said that ' no colony in America was ever settled under such
favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at the Musk-
ingum. Information, property and strength, will be its characteristics.
I know many of the settlers personally, and there never were men
better calculated to promote the welfare of such a community.'
Having had a personal army acquaintance with Generals Putnam and
Parsons, and with Colonel Return Jonathan Meigs, and probably with
many other leading members of this pioneer colony, his favorable
opinion of them is entitled to great weight.

THE FIRST SETTLEMENT UNDER THE ORDINANCE OF 1787.

Of course no time was lost by the colonists in erecting their habita-
tations, as well as in building a stockade fort, and in clearing land for
the production of vegetables and grain for their subsistence, fifty
acres of corn having been planted the first year. Their settlement
was established upon the point of land between the Ohio and Musk-

136 A SKETCH Ot THE

ingum rivers, just opposite and across the Muskingum from Fort
Ilarmar, built in 1786, and at this time garrisoned by a small military
force under command of Major Doughty. At a meeting held on the
banks of the Muskingum, July 2, 1T88, it was voted that Marietta
should be the name of their town, it being thus named in honor of
Marie Antoinette, Queen of France.

SURVEYS AND GKAIJTS OF THE PUBLIC LANDS.

" The first survey of public lands northwest of the Ohio river was
the seven ranges of Congress lands, and was. done pursuant to an act
of Congress of May 20, 1785. This tract of the seven ranges is
bounded by a line of forty-two miles in length, running due west from
the point where the western boundary line of Pennsylvania crosses
the Ohio river ; thence due south to the Ohio river, at the southeast
corner of Marietta township, in Washington county ; thence up said
river to the place of beginning. The present counties of Jefferson,
Columbiana, Carroll, Tuscarawas, Harrison, Guernsey, Belmont, Noble,
Monroe, and Washington are, in whole or in part, within the seven
ranges.

"The second survey was that of the Ohio Company^ s purchase,
made in pursuance of an act of Congress of July 23, 1785, though
the contract was not completed with the Ohio Company until October
27, 1787. Mention of its extent, also the conditions, reservations, and
circumstances attending the purchase, have already been given. One
hundred thousand acres of this tract, called donation lands, were
reserved upon certain conditions as a free gift to actual settlers. Por-
tions of the counties of Washington, Athens, and Gallia are within
this tract, also the entire county of Meigs. The donation lands were
in Washington county.

"The next survey was the ^ Symmes purchase' and contiguous lands,
situated on the north and west of it, and was made soon after the fore-
going. The ^ Symmes purchase^ embraced the entire Ohio River
front between the Big Miami and Little Miami Rivers, a distance of
twenty-seven miles, and reaching northwards a sufficient distance to
include an area of one million of acres. The contract with Judge
Symmes, made in October, 1785, was subsequently modified by act of
Congress bearing date of May 5, 1792, and by an authorized act of
the President of the United States of September 30, 1794, so as to
amount to only 31 1,082 acres, exclusive of a reservation of fifteen
acres around Fort Washington, of a square mile at the mouth of the

HISTORY OP OHIO. 137

Great Miami, of sections 16 and 29 in each township, the former of
which Congress had reserved for educational and the latter for religious
purposes, exclusive also of a township dedicated to the interests of a
college; and sections 8, 11, and 26 which Congress reserved for future
sale.

" The tract of land situated between the Little Miami and Scioto
rivers, known as the Yii^ginia military lands, was never regularly
surveyed into townships, but patents were issued by the President of
the United States to such persons (Yirginians) as had rendered service
on the continental establishment in the army of the United States
(hence the name), and in the quantities to which they were entitled,
according to the provisions of an act of Congress of August ^0, 1790.
'It embraces a body of 6,750 sc[uare miles, or 4,204,000 acres of land.
The following counties are situated in this tract, namely: Adams,
Brown, Clermont, Clinton, Fayette, Higliland, Madison, and Union
entirely ; and greater or less portions of the following, to wit : Marion,
Delaware, Franklin, Pickaway, Ross, Pike, Scioto, Warren, Grreene,
Clarke, Champaign, Logan, and Hardin.'

" Connecticut ceded all lands in the Northwest to which she claimed
title to the United States (except the tract wliicli has been known as
the ' Western Rese7've^), by deed of cession bearing date of September
14, 1786 ; and in May, 1800, by act of the Legislature of said State,
renounced all jurisdictional claim to the ' territory called the Western
Reserve of Connecticut.' That tract of land was surveyed in 1796,
and later into townships of five miles square, and in the aggregate
contained about 3,800,000 acres, being one hundred and twenty miles
long, and lying west of the Pennsylvania State line, all situated
between forty-one degrees of north latitude and forty-two degrees and
two minutes. Half a million of acres of the foregoing lands were
set apart by the State of Connecticut in 1792 as a donation to the
sufferers by fire (during the revolutionary war) of the residents of
Greenwich, New London, Norwalk, Fairfield, Danbury, New Haven,
and other Connecticut villages whose j)i"operty was burned by the
British ; hence the name ''Firelands' by which this tract taken from the
western portion of the Reserve has been known. It is situated chiefly
in Huron and Erie counties, a small portion only being in Ottawa
county. The entire Western Reserve embraces the present counties
of Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Erie, Geauga, Huron, Lake, Lorain, Medina,
Portage, and Trumbull ; also the greater portion of Malioning and
Summit, and very limited portions of Ashland and Ottawa.
' ''''French grant is a tract of 24,000 acres of land bordering on the

138 A SKETCH OF THE

Ohio River, within the present limits of Scioto county, granted by
Congr6ss in March, 1795, to certain French settlers of Gallipolis, who,
through invalid titles, had lost their lands there. Twelve hundred
acres were added to this grant in 1798, making a total of 25,200 acres.

" The United States military lands were surveyed under the pro.
visions of an act of Congress of June 1, 1796, and contained 2,560,000
acres. This tract was set apart to satisfy certain claims of the officers
and soldiers of the Revolutionary war, hence the title by which it is
known. It is bounded by the seven ranges on the east, by the Oreen-
mlle treaty line on the north, by the Congress and refugee lands on
the south, and by the Scioto River on the west, including the county
of Cosliocton entire, and portions of the counties of Tuscarawas,
Guernsey, Muskingum, Licking, Franklin, Delaware, Marion, Mor-
row, Knox, and Holmes.

" The Moravian lands are three several tracts of 4,000 acres each,
situated, respectively, at Shoenbrun, Gnadenhutten, and Salem, all on
the Tuscarawas Rivei-, now in Tuscarawas county. These lands were
originally dedicated by an ordinance of Congress dated September 3,
1788, to the use of the Christianized Indians at those points, and by
act of Congress of June 1, 1796, were surveyed and patents issued to
the Society of the United Brethren, for the purposes above specified.

" The refugee tract is a body of land containing 100,000 acres,
granted by Congress February 18, 1801, to persons who fled from the
British provinces during the Revolutionary war and took up arms
against the mother country and in behalf of the Colonies, and thereby
lost their property by confiscation. This tract is four and one-half
miles wide, and extends forty-eight miles eastward from the Scioto
River at Columbus into Muskingum county. It includes portions of
the counties of Franklin, Fairfield, Perry, Licking, and Muskingum.

" Dohrman^ 8 grant is a townshij) of land six miles square, contain,
ing 23,010 acres, situated in the south-eastern part of Tuscarawas
county. It was given to Arnold Henry Dohrman, a Portuguese mer-
chant of Lisbon, by act of Congress of February 27, 1801, ' in con-
sideration of his having, during the Revolutionary war, given shelter
and aid to the American cruisers and vessels of war.'

" The foregoing is a list of the principal land grants and surveys
during our Tcrritoirial history, in that portion of the Northwest that
now constitutes the State of Ohio. There were canal land grants,
Maumee Road grants, and various others, but they belong to our
State, and not to our Territorial, history.

HISTORY OF OHIO. 139

TREATIES MADE WITH THE INDIANS.

" By the terms of the treaty of Fort Stcmwix, conchicled with the
Iroquois or Six Nations (Mohawks, Onoiidagas, Senecas, Cayiigas,
Tuscaroras and Oneidas), October 22, 1784, the indefinite claim of
said confederacy to the greater part of the valley of the Ohio was
extinguished. The commissioners of Congress were Oliver Wolcott,
Richard Butler, and Arthur Lee. Cornplanter and Red Jacket repre-
sented the Indians.

" This was followed in January, 1Y85, by the treaty of Fort Mcin-
tosh, by which the Delawares, Wyandots, Ottawas, and Chippewas
relinquished all claim to the Ohio Valley, and established the bound-
ary line between them and the United States to be the Cuyahoga
River, and along the main branch of the Tuscarawas to the forks of
said river near Fort Laurens, thence westwardly to the portage
between the head waters of the Great Miami and the Maumee or
Miami of the Lakes, thence down said river to Lake Erie, and along
said lake to the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. This treaty was
negotiated by George Rogers Clark, Richard Butler, and Arthur Lee
for the United States, and by the chiefs of the aforenamed tribes.

" A similar relinquishment was effected by the treaty of Fort Fin-
ney (at the mouth of the Great Miami), concluded with the Shawnees
January 31, 1786, the United States commissioners being the same as
the foregoing, except the substitution of Samuel H. Parsons for
Arthur Lee.

" The treaty of Fort Harmar, held by General St. Clair January
9, 1779, was mainly confirmatory of the treaties previously made. So
also was the treaty of Greenville, of August 3, 1795, made by General
Wayne on the part of the United States, and the chiefs of eleven of
the most powerful tribes of the north-western Indians, which re-es-
tablished the Indian boundary line through the present State of Ohio,
and extended it from Loramie to Fort Rocovery, and from thence to
the Ohio River, opposite the mouth of the Kentucky River.

"The rights and titles acquired by the Indian tribes under the
foregoing treaties were extinguished by the General Government, by
purchase, in pursuance of treaties subsequently made. The Western
Reserve tract west of the Cuyahoga River was secured by a treaty
formed at Fort Industry, in 1805. The lands west of Richland and
Huron counties and north of the boundary line to the western limits
of Ohio were purchased by the United States in 1818. The last pos-
session of the Delawares was purchased in 1829 ; and by a treaty

140 A SKETCH OF THE

made at Upper Sandusky, March 17, 1812, by Colonel John Johnston
and the Wyandot chiefs, that last remnant of the Indian tribes in
Ohio sold the last acre they owned within the limits of our State to
the General Government, and retired, the next year, to the Far West,"
settling at and near the mouth of Kansas River.

FIRST OFFICERS OF THE TEERITORT. ^

" Congress, in October, 1787, appointed General Arthur St. Clair
Governor, Major Winthrop Sargent Secretary, and James M. Varnum,
Samuel H. Parsons, and John Armstrong Judges of the Territory, the
latter of whom, however, having declined the appointment, John
Cleve Symmes was appointed in his stead in February, 1788. On the
9th of July, 1788, Governor St. Clair arrived at Marietta, and finding
the Secretary and a majority of the Judges present, proceeded to
organize the Territory. The Governor and Judges (or a majority of
them) were the sole legislative power during the existence of the first
grade of Territorial government. Such laws as were in force in any
of the States, and were deemed applicable to the condition of the
people of the Territory, could be adopted by the Governor and
Judges, and, after publication, became operative, unless disapproved of
by Congress, to which body certified copies of all laws thus adopted
had to be forwarded by the Secretary of the Territory.

" The further duty of the Judges, who were appointed to serve dur-
ing good behavior, was to hold court four times a year, whenever the
business of the Territory required it, but not more than once a year in
any one county.

THE SECOND GRADE OF TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENT.

" After it shall have been ascertained that five thousand free male
inhabitants actually resided within the Territory, the second grade of
Territorial government could, of right, be established, which pro-
vided for a legislative council, and also an elective House of Eepre-
sentatives, the two composing the law-making power of the Territory,
provided always that the Governor's assent to their acts was had. He
possessed the absolute veto power, ,and no act of the two houses of
the Legislature, even if passed by a unanimous vote in each branch,
could become a law without his consent. The conditions that author-
ized the second grade of Territorial government, however, did not
exist until 1798, and it was not really put into operation until Sep.

HISTORY OF OHIO. 141

tember, 1Y99, after the first grade of government had existed for
eleven years.

EARLY LAWS OF THE TERRITORY.

" The first lav^^ was proclaimed July 25, 1788, and was entitled 'An
act for regulating and establishing the militia." Two days thereafter
the Governor issued a proclamation establishing the county of
Washington, which included all of the territory east of the Scioto Kiver
to which the Indian title had been extinguished, reaching northward
to Lake Erie, the Ohio River and the Pennsylvania line being its east-
ern boundary ; Marietta, the seat of the Territorial government, also
becoming the county seat of Washington county.

" Quite a number of laws were necessarily adopted and published
during 1788 and the following year. From 1790 to 1795 they pub-
lished sixty-four, thirty-four of them having been adopted at Cincin-
nati during the months of June, July and August of the last named
year, by the Governor and Judges Syrames and Turner. They are
known as the ' Maxwell Code,' from the name of the jDublisher, and
were intended, says the author of ' Western Annals,' ' to form a pretty
complete body of statutory provisions.' In 1798 eleven more were
adopted. It was the published opinion of the late Chief Justice
Chase, ' that it may be doubted whether any colony, at so early a
period after its first establishment, ever had so good a code of laws.'
Among them was that 'which provided that the common law of
England, and all statutes in aid thereof, made previous to the fourth
year of James I., should be in full force within the Territory.' Prob-
ably four-fifths of the laws adopted were selected from those in force
in Pennsylvania ; the others were mainly taken from the statutes of
Yirginia and Massachusetts.

LOCAL COURTS AND COURT OFFICERS.

" Among the earliest laws adopted was one which provided for the
institution of a county court of common pleas, to be composed of not
less than three nor more than five Judges, commissioned by the Gov-
ernor, who were to hold two sessions in each year. Pursuant to its
provisions, the first session of said court was held in and for Wash-
ington county, September 2, 1788. The Judges of the court were
General Pufus Putnam, General Benjamin Tupjjer, and Colonel
^Archibald Crary. Colonel Return Jonathan Meigs was Clerk, and
Colonel Ebenezer Sproat was Sheriff. Elaborate details of the open.

142 A SKETCH OF THE

ing of this, the first court held in the Northwest Territory, have come
down to us, showing it to have been a stylish, dignified proceeding.
Briefly, ' a procession was formed at the Point (the junction of the
Muskingum with the Ohio River) of the inhabitants and the officers
from Fort Harmar, who escorted the Judge of the court, the Gov-
ernor of the Territory, and the Territorial Judges to the hall
appropriated for that purpose, in the northwest block house in ' Cam-
pus Martins.' ' The procession,' says Mitchener, ' was headed by the
Sheriff, with drawn sword and baton of office.' 'After prayer by
Rev. Manasseh Cutler, the court was organized by reading the com-
missions of the Judges, Clerk and Sherifl: ; after which the Sheriff
proclaimed that the court was open for the administration of even-
handed justice to the poor and the rich, to the guilty and the inno-
cent, without respect of persons ; none to be punished without a
trial by their peers, and then in pursuance of the laws and evidence
in the case.'

" On the 23d day of August, 1788, a law was promulgated for estab-
lishing ' general courts of quarter sessions of the peace.' This court
was composed of not less than three nor more than five Justices of
the Peace, appointed by the Governor, who were to hold four ses-
sions in each year. The first session of this court was held at
' Campus Martius ' September 9, 1788. The commission appointing
the Judges thereof was read. General Rufus Putnam and General
Benjamin Tupper,' says Mitchener, constituted the Justices of the
quorum, and Isaac Pearce, Thomas Lord, and Return Jonathan
Meigs, Jr., the assistant Justices ; Colonel Return Jonathan Meigs,
Sr., was Clerk. Colonel Ebenezer Sproat was Sheriff of Washington
county fourteen years. The first grand jury of the Northwest Terri-
tory was impaneled by this court, and consisted of the following gen-
tlemen : . William Stacey (foreman), Nathaniel Gushing, Nathan
Goodale, Charles Knowles, Ansel m Tuj)per, Jonathan Stone, Oliver
Rice, Ezra Lunt, John Matthews, George Ingersoll, Jonathan Devol,

ORGANIZATION OF COUNTIES.

" Washington county, embracing the eastern half of the present State
of Ohio, was the only organized county of the Northwest Territory
until early in 1790, when the Governor proclaimed Hamilton county,
which included all the territory between the Big and Little Miami
Rivers, and extended north to the ' Standing Stone Forks,' on the first
named stream.

HISTORY OF OHIO.

143

" The following is a list of all the Territorial counties organized ;
also the date of organization, with their respective county seats :

Counties.

When proclaimed.

County seats.

1. Washington

2 Hamilton .

July 27 1788

Marietta

January 2 1790

Cincinnati

3 St Clair

February, 1790

In 1790

Cahokia

4 Knox

Viucennes

5. Randolph

In 1795

Kaskaskia

6 Wayne

Auo-ust 15 1795

7. Adams

July 10 1797

JVIanchester

July 29' 1797

9. Ross

August 30 1797

Chillicothe

10. Trumbull

July 10 1800

W^arren

11. Clermont

December 6 1800

Williamsburg.
New Lancaster

13. Fairfield

December 9 1800

13. Belmont

September 7, 1801

" It will be observed that Hamilton was the second county organized.
There were situated within its limits, when organized, several flour-
ishing villages, that had their origin during the closing months of
1Y88 and early in 1Y89. Columbia, situated at the mouth of the Little
Miami, was the first of these laid out, its early settlers being Colonel
Benjamin Stites, of ' Bedstone Old' Fort ' (proprietor) ; William
Goforth, John S. Gano, John Smith (a Baptist minister, who after-
ward became one of Ohio's first United States Senators), and others,
numbering in all twenty-five persons or more, though some of them
arrived a little later,

" Cincinnati was the next in order of time, having been laid out
early in 1789, by Colonel Kobert Patterson, Matthias Denman and
Israel Ludlow. Several not very successful attempts had also been
made at various points between Cincinnati and the mouth of the Great
Miami by Judge Syrames.

" The early settlers of Hamilton county were principally from New
Jerse}^, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Kentucky. Judges Synnnes and
Burnet were representative men in the Miami Valley from New Jer-
sey; Jeremiah Morrow and Judge Dunlavy from Pennsylvania ; Wil-
liam H. Harrison and William McMillan from Virginia ; and Colonel
Robert Patterson and Rev, James Kemper from Kentucky.

" The Scioto Valley, the next in order of time, was settled chiefly
by Virginians and Kentuckians, represented by Colonel Thomas
Worthington and General Nathaniel Massie, two of its prominent
settlers.

" And the early settlements along Lake Erie, during the closing

144 A SKETCH OF THE

years of the eighteenth century, whose representative men were
Governor Samuel Huntington and Hon. Benjamin Tajjpan, were
established by men not a whit inferior to those above named.
And the good that General Washington said of the New England
Colony that settled Marietta could, with very slight modifications,
be said of most of the settlers and pioneers of the aforesaid set-^
tlements.

EARLY TEKKITOKIAL VILLAGES AND TOWNS.

" The following is a list of the principal villages and towns of the
I^orthwest Territory, started and built up during Territorial rule,
with the time of the first survey of lots, together with the names of
their proprietors :

Marietta— laid out in 1788 by Rufus Patuam and the Ohio Land Company.

Columbia — laid out in 1788 by Benjamin Stites, Major Gano, and others.

Cincinnati — laid out in 1789 by Robert Patterson, Matthias Denman and Israel
Ludlow.

Gallipolis — laid out in 1791 by the French settlers.

Manchester — laid out in 1791 by Nathaniel Massie.

Hamilton — laid out in 1794 by Israel Ludlow.

Dayton — laid out in 1795 by Israel Ludlow, and Generals Dayton and "Wilkinson.

Franklin — laid out in 1795 by William C- Schenck and Daniel C. Cooper.

Chillicothe — laid out in 1796 by Nathaniel Massie.

Cleveland— laid out in 1796 by Job V. Styles.

Franklinton— laid out in 1797 by Lucas SuUivant.

Steubenville — laid out in 1798 by Bazaliel Wells and James Ross.

Williamsburg — laid out in 1799.

Zanesville — laid out in 1799 by Jonathan Zane and John Mclntire.

New Lancaster — laid out in 1800 by Ebeuezer Zane.

Warren — laid out in 1801 by Ephraim Quinby.
, St. Clairsville- laid out in 1801 by David Newell.

Springfield — laid out in 1801 by James Demint.

Newark— laid out in 1803 by Wm. C. Schenck, G. W. Burnet, and John N. Cum-
mings.

" Cincinnati at the close of the Territorial government was the
largest town in the Territory, containing about one thousand inhabi-
tants. It was incorporated in 1802, with the following as its first
ofiicers.

President — David Zeigler.
Becorder — Jacob Burnet.

Trustees — Wm. Ramsay, David E. Wade, Charles Avery, Wm. Stanley, John
Reily, Samuel Dick, Wm. Ruffner. ■
Assessor — Joseph Prince.
Collector — Abram Gary.
Town Marshal — James Smith.

vmalme ^~^'a4€/€4.

HISTORY OF OHIO.

145

TEKKITORIAL OFFICEKS.

" The followmg exliibit gives a full list of the officers of the Terri-
tory, with the date of service, including the delegates to Congress :

Governor — General Arthur St. Clair, served from 1788 to 1802.
Secretaries — Wintlirop Sargent, served from 1788 to 1798; William H. Harrison,
served from 1798 to 1799; Charles Willing Byrd, served from 1799 to 1803.

" The latter gentleman was also acting Governor during the closing
months of the Territorial government, Governor St. Clair having been
removed from office, in 1S02, by President Jefferson.

Treasurer — John Armstrong, served from 1792 to 1803.

Territorial Delegates in Congress— S^iWiom H. Harrison, served from 1799 to 1800;
William McMillan, served from 1800 to 1801; Paul Fearing, served from 1801 to
1803.

'■^Territorial Judges. — James Mitchell Yarnum, Samuel Holden
Parsons, and John Armstrong were appointed Judges for the North-
west Territory, by Congress, in October, 1787; the latter, however,
declined, and John Cleves Symmes was appointed to the vacancy in
February, 1788, and he accepted.

" Judge Varuum died in January, 1789, and William Barton was
appointed his successor, but declined the appointment ; George Turner,
however, in 1789, accepted it. On the 10th of November, 1789,
Judge Parsons was drowned in attempting to cross Big Beaver Creek,
and Kufus Putnam became his successor, March 31, 1790. In 1796 he
resigned, and Joseph Gilman succeeded him. The Territorial court
was composed of three judges, two of whom constituted a quorum for
judicial purposes, and also for the exercise of legislative functions, in
co-operation with the Governor.

Names.

When appointed.

End of service.

James M. Varnum

October, 1787

January, 1789.
November 10, 1789.

T?pfn<;prl to ciprvp

Samuel H. Parsons

October 1787

John Armstrong

October 1787

John C. Symmes

William Barton

February 1788

- ■■ ' 1789

Rpfnc:pH to Qprvp

George Turner

1789

Rufus Putnam

March 31 1790

Served until 1796.

Joseph Gilman

1796

"Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., was appointed (says Judge Burnet)
after the first session of the Territorial Legislature, of which he was

146 A SKETCH OF THE

a member, and probably continued in office to the close of the Terri-
torial government, but I have not been able to verify said conjecture.

THE INDIAN TKIBES OF THE UPPER OHIO.

" Nothing reliable or authentic is known of the various Indian tribes
that occupied the territory that now constitutes the State of Ohio
from the time of the departure or disappeara'nce of the Mound-
Builders until the closing years of the first half of the eighteenth
century. Their history, therefore, anterior to the year 1750, is meager
indeed. They had no annalist — no historian — and perhaps had made
but little history worthy of record during many recurring generations,
centuries, and ages. It is true that we have traditions running back
to the year 1656, relating to the destruction by the Iroquois of the
once powerful Eries, who inhabited the southern shores of Lake Erie,
except a small remnant which ultimately intermingled with the Sene-
cas ; but I look upon them simply as unverified traditions, and nothing
more. And equally unreliable and unautlienticated are many of the
other numerous traditions of the Indian tribes which bear date before
the middle of the last century.

"About the year A.D. 1750, or a little earlier, some accurate know-
ledge of the Ohio Indians began to be acquired through the Indian
traders operating among them, and from explorers ; but little compar-
atively, however, was known of them with the certainty of authentic
history until after Colonel Bouquet's expedition to their towns on the
Tuscarawas and Muskingum Bivers, in 1764. The intermediate period
between those dates may therefore be regarded as the time of the
inauguration of the historic epoch of the Ohio Indians, the principal
tribes being the Wyandots (called Hurons by the French), the Dela-
wares and the Shawanese (both of the Algonquin grouj)), the Miamis
(also called Twigtwees), the Mingos (an offshoot from the Iroquois or
a fragment of the Six Nations), and the Ottawas and Chippewas.

" The Wyandots occupied the valleys and plains bordering on the
Sandusky Biver, and some other points ; the Delawares occupied the
valleys of the Tuscarawas and Muskingum Bivers, and a few other
places between the Ohio Biver and Lake Erie ; the Shawanese were
found chiefly in the valleys of the Scioto and Mad Bivers, and at a
few points on the Ohio Biver and elsewhere in small numbers ; the
Miamis were the chief occupants of the valleys of the Little and
Great Miami Bivers ; the Mingos were in greatest force on the Ohio
Biver about Mingo Bottom, below Steubenville, and at other points

HISTORY OF OHIO. 147

on said river — also on the Scioto Kiver, and at a few places between
the Ohio River and Lake Erie; the Ottawas occupied the valleys
of the Maumee and Sandusky Rivers ; and the Chippewas, small
in numbers, were chiefly confined to the southern shores of Lake
Erie. By the treaty of Fort Mcintosh, formed in 1785, the Otta-
was, with the Wyandots and Delawares, were assigned to the
northern section of what is now the State of Ohio, and west of the
Cuyahoga River, having relinquished by the terms of said treaty
whatever of claims they had to other portions of the territory that
now constitutes our State.

TITLES TO OHIO — BY WHOM HELD WHEN AND HOW ACQUIRED AND

RELINQUISHED.

" The territory that now constitutes Ohio was first of all, so far as
we can judge, in the full possession of the race of Mound-Builders ;
afterwards, (but still in pre-historic times,) its sole occupants and
owners for some centuries were unquestionably those Indian tribes or
nations already named, and probably the Eries and others that had
been subjected to expulsion or extermination. They, as well as the
Mound-Builders, held titles acquired probably by priority of discovery
— by conquest — by occupancy, or possession. Possessory titles they
might be appropriately styled.

"It is stated by Parkman, and probably by other accredited his-
torians, that the adventurous La Salle in 1670, accompanied by a few
heroic followers, passed from Lake Erie south, over the portage into
the Allegheny River, perhaps by the way of one of its numerous
tributaries, and from thence down into the Ohio, which they descended
as far as the " Falls " of said river (at Louisville) ; and that they were
therefore the first white men — the first of European birth — to enter
upon the soil of Ohio ; the first civilized men to discover and explore
the territory that constitutes our now populous State. It must be
admitted that some shades of doubt rest upon the foregoing proble-
matical expedition of the distinguished Frenchman (Robert Cavelier
La Salle), but whether he 'voyaged down the Ohio or not at the time
named, his name must ever be identified with our State as one of its
earliest explorers, if not its discoverer, so far as the white race is con-
cerned, as will be made apparent in the following paragraphs. In
1679, the intrepid explorer. La Salle, accompanied by thirty-four
Frenchmen, sailed along the entire length of the southern shore of
Lake Erie in the " Griffin," a vessel of about sixty tons burthen, which

148 A SKETCH OF THE

he had built in the !Niagara Kiver above the " Falls," and which was
the first vessel that ever unfurled a sail on said lake, or upon any
waters within the present limits of Ohio.

"Again, in 1682, La Salle descended the Illinois and Mississippi
Rivers to the mouth of the latter ; and in 1684 he sailed past the
mouth of the Mississippi (which he intended to enter, but failed), and
along the Gulf of Mexico to some point on the coast of Texas, and
landing there, became its discoverer. And it is upon these three last
named voyages, and upon the provisions of some European treaties,
more than upon the somewhat doubtful and uncertain voyage of dis-
covery by La Salle down the Ohio River to the ' Falls ' in 1670, that
France rested her title, claiming that the Upper Yalley of the Ohio
(at least the portion northwest of the Ohio River) was a part of
Louisiana, thus acquired by La Salle for France, and held by said
power by right of discovery and possession. There was, of course,
little controversy between Great Britain and France as to title north-
west of the Ohio River, before the formation of the Treaty of Utrecht,
in 1713, when and by which certain matters in dispute between those
governments were adjusted. And France not only asserted ownership
and held possession of the territory that now constitutes Ohio, from
the time of the Treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, until the Treaty of Paris,
in 1763, by which peace was established between France and England,
but also exercised authority therein and maintained control over it by
military force. And this, too, in defiance of titles set up by Great
Britain, one of which being based ujDon treaties with the Iroquois or
Six Nations of Indians, who claimed to have conquered the whole
country from the Atlantic to the Mississippi, and from the lakes to
Carolina, and hence were its owners and authorized to dispose of it.

" By conquest and treaty stipulations, Great Britain came into pos-
session in 1763, and substantially retained it until the close of our
Revolutionary war, when, by the treaty of peace concluded at Paris
in 1783, and ratified by the American Congress in January, 1784,
ownership was vested in the government of the United States, which,
in October, 1784, by the terms of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, extin-
guished the title of the Six Nations to the Ohio Yalley, and which,
from time to time, by treaties concluded at various times and places,
as given in my paper of last year, extinguished all other Indian titles,
and thus acquired full right to the soil, and complete and undisputed
territorial jurisdiction. By the treaties of Forts Mcintosh and Finney
alone, held respectively in January, 1785 and 1786, all Indian titles
to Ohio territory were extinguished, except that portion situated

ftlSTORY OF OHIO. 149

chiefly between the Cuyahoga and Manmee Rivers, as will be seen by
reference to my paper in last year's volume of ' Ohio Statistics,' and
which also gives the dates of the subsequent relinquishment of Indian
titles.

" New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, after the ratification
of the treaty of peace, in 178-i, between Great Britain and the United
States, and for some time before, had asserted claims to portions of
the territory now composing the State of Ohio, and Virginia claimed
title to the tohoie of it and much more, even to the entire extent of
the 'territory northwest of the river Ohio,' organized four years
thereafter. Virginia had asserted ownership, and exercised a nominal
jurisdiction over the territory of pur State, by establishing the county
of Botetourt, in 1769, whose western boundary was the Mississippi
River. That State's claim was founded, as heretofore stated, upon
certain charters granted to the Colony of Virginia by James the First,
bearing dates respectively, April 10, 1606 ; May 23, 1609 ; and March
12, 1611; also, upon the conquest of the country, between the Ohio
and Mississippi Rivers, and the northern lakes, by General George
Rogers Clark, in 1778-79. But whatever the claim was founded
upon, the State Legislature waived all title and ownership to it (excejDt
to the Virginia Military District), and all authority over it, by direct-
ing the Representatives of said State (Thomas Jefferson, Samuel
Hardy, Arthur Lee, and James Monroe) to cede to the United States
all right, title, and claim, as well of soil as of jurisdiction, with the
exception named, ' to the territory of said State lying and being to
the northwest of the River Ohio ; ' which was accordingly done,
March 1, 1784.

" The charter of MasgJichusetts, upon which that State's title was
based, was granted within less than twenty-five years after the arrival
of the Mayflower ; and that of Connecticut, bearing date March 19'
1631, both embracing territory extending from the Atlantic to the
Pacific ; and that of New York, obtained from Charles the Second,
on March 2, 1664, included territory that had been previously granted
to Massachusetts and Connecticut ; hence, the conflict of claims
between those States, their several charters covering, to some extent,
the same territory ; and hence, also, their contest with Virginia as to
a portion of the soil of Ohio. Probably the titles of some or all of the
aforesaid contesting States were in some way affected b}^ the pro-
visions of treaties with the Iroquois, or by the fact of their recognition
by them, as appendants of the government of New York.

"" New York's deed of cession was favorably reported upon by a

150 A SKETCH OF THE

committee of Congress, May 1, 1782 ; and by like acts of patriotism,
magnanimity, and generosity to those of New York and Virginia,
Massachusetts and Connecticut soon followed by similar acts of relin-
quishment of title, or by corresponding deeds of cession to the United
States. The Legislature of Massachusetts, on the 13th day of Novem-
ber, 1784, authorized her delegates in Congress to cede the title of
that State to all the territory west of the western boundary of the
State of New York, to the United States, and the measure was con-
summated in 1785.

" Connecticut, in Sej^tember, 1786, ceded all her claim to soil and
jurisdiction west of what is now known as the Western Reserve, to
the United States. Five hundred thousand acres of the western por-
tion of the Western Reserve was set apart for the relief of the Con-
necticut sufferers by fire during the Revolution, since known as the
Tirelands,' the Indian title to which was extinguished by the treaty
of Fort Industry (now Toledo), in 1805, Charles Jouett being the
United States Commissioner, and the Chiefs of the Shawnees, Dela-
wares, Wyandots, Chippewas, Ottawas, and some minor triljes repre-
senting the interests of the Indians. The remainder of the Western
Reserve tract, amounting to about three millions of acres, was sold,
and the proceeds dedicated to educational purposes, and has served as
the basis of Connecticut's common school fund, now aggregating
upwards of two millions of dollars. Jurisdictional claim to the
Western Reserve was ceded by Connecticut to the United States, May
30, 1801.

EARLY-TIME WHriE MEN nST OHIO.

"As early as 1680 the French had a trading station on the Maumee
River, a few miles above the present city of Toledo, near where Fort
Miami was erected in 1794 ; and Bancroft, the historian, asserts that
a route from Canada to the Mississippi River, by way of the Maumee,
Wabash, and Ohio Rivers, was established by the French in 1716. A
little later a route was established from Presque Isle, now Erie, on
Lake Erie, to French Creek, and thence down the Alleghany and Ohio
Rivers. Yague traditions have been handed down of the establish-
ment of trading posts upon the Ohio, by Englishmen, as early as 1730.
In 1742 John Howard crossed the mountains from Virginia, and
descending the Ohio in a canoe, was captured, somewhere on his voy-
age by the French. In 1748 Conrad Weiser, a German of Ileren-
berg, who (says the author of ' Western Annals ') had in early life

flISTOET OF OHIO. 151

acquired a knowledge of the Mohawk tongue, was sent to the Shaw-
nees on the Ohio as an ambassador, and held a conference with them
at Logstown, on the Ohio River, seventeen miles below the ' Forks of
the Ohio " (now Pittsburgh), but it is not quite certain that he came
within the present limits of Ohio, though it is probable.

" In 1750, Christopher Gist, an agent of the ' Ohio Land Company,'
which had been organized in 1748 by the Washingtons, one or two of
the Lees, and other Yirginians, and some Englishmen, came over the
mountains from Virginia, and crossing the Ohio at or below the
' Forks' (now Pittsburgh), passed over to the Tuscarawas River, which
he descended to its junction with the Walhonding. From thence he
traveled down the Muskingum, following an Indian trail, to the mouth
of the Wakatomika (now Dresden, Muskingum county), where there
was an Indian to^vn. He then followed the Indian trail across the
Licking River to King Beaver's town, situated on the head waters of
the Hockhocking River, about equi-distant from the present cities of
Lancaster and Columbus. The trail he followed must have led him
near the ' Big Lake,' as the Indians called it, now the ' Reservoir,' a
famous fishing resort, situated in the counties of Licking, Fairfield,
and Perry. In this exploring expedition Gist was joined' at the Wal-
honding by George Croghan, and probably by Andrew Montour, a
half-breed, son of a Seneca chief, who often acted as an interpreter
between the whites and Indians. They crossed the Scioto and trav-
eled on to the Great Miami, which Gist descended to the Ohio, and
voyaged down said stream to a point fifteen miles above the ' Falls,'
from whence he traveled through Kentucky to his home in Virginia,
where he arrived in May, 1751.

" Croghan and Montour were the bearers of liberal presents from
Pennsylvania to the Miamis, who, in return, granted the right to the
English to build a strong trading-house or stockade on the Miami
River, at the entrance of Loramie's Creek into said stream, in the
present county of Miami, and which was accordingly erected and
called Pickawillany, and has been called by some historians ' the first
point of English settlement in Ohio,' and ' a place of historic interest.'
The presents were made on behalf of Pennsylvania, and the reciprocal
favor secured, it was believed, would largely benefit the Indian
traders there and in ' the regions round about,' who were princiiJally
Pennsylvanians. The Pickawillany stockade was doubtless the first
edifice erected upon Ohio's territory by English-speaking people ; but
" it was of brief duration, for in June, 1752, a force of French, Cana-
dians, and Indians (Chippewas and Ottawas) attacked and destroyed

152 A SKETCH OF THE

it, capturing or killing all the traders but two — fourteen of its defend-
ers, chiefly Miamis, being killed in the action ; a number also being
wounded. I transcribe, from a long list of names in Captain Trent's
journal, a few of those who traded at this post with the Indians
between the years 1745 and 1753, as follows : Peter Chartier, Conrad
Weiser, Thomas McGee, George Cro2;!ian, James Denny, Robert
Callender, George Gibson, James Lowry, Michael Cresap, Sr., Chris-
topher Gist, Jacob Piatt, William Trent, John Findlay, David Hen-
dricks, John Trotter, William Campbell, Thomas Mitchell, William
West, and others.

" Before 1745 the traders among the Ohio Indians were principally
Frenchmen, but about this time Pennsylvanians and Virginians
entered into that business in augmented numbers, and continued in it
persistently, while the French gradually relinquished it ; and after the
capture of Fort Du Quesne, in 1758, the English also acquired a foot-
hold as traders in the Upper Ohio Valley, and retained it until the
peace of 1783-4.

" George Croghan, with a retinue of deputies of the Senecas, Shaw-
anese, and Delawares, passed down the Ohio River in two bateaux
from Fort Pitt to the mouth of the Wabash in 1765.

" It is also well known to persons familiar with our history, that
George Washington came to Fort Pitt in 1770, and, with William
Crawford, Dr. Craik, and a few other chosen friends, and two Indians,
three servants, some boatmen, and an interpreter, voyaged down the
Ohio River to the mouth of the Kanawha, and fourteen miles iip said
stream, and, after some buffalo shooting and hunting generally, but
mainly after extensive explorations with a view to the selection and
ultimate location of lands, returned by way of the Ohio to Fort Pitt.
From the journal of Washington, a copy of which is now before me,
it appears that they lodged one night in the camp of Kiashuta, an
Indian chief of the Six Nations, near the mouth of the Hockhock-
ing River. Washington and Crawford also took a short walk of eight
miles across the ' Big Bend,' now in Meigs county, while their canoes
were being paddled around the bend, on their return voyage.

"Rev. David Jones (the Chaplain Jones of revolutionary fame)
also made a voyage down the Ohio and up the Scioto to the " Old
Chillicothe " Indian to^vns, thence across the Licking to the missionary
stations on the Tuscarawas, and from thence to Fort Pitt and home,
in 1772-3, making the journey from the Indian towns on the Scioto
on horseback, in company with a Pennsylvania Indian trader named
David Duncan.

aiSTOEY OB' oiiio. l53

" And, lastly, I mention a voyage made down the Ohio River in the
autumn of 1785, from Fort Pitt to the mouth of the Great Miami, by
Gen. Richard Butler, Gen. S. H. Parsons, Col. James Monroe, Major
Finney, Isaac Zane, Col. Lewis, and others, who were then, or subse-
quently became, men of note.

THE EARLIEST ENGLISH MILITARY EXPEDITIONS ON LAKE ERIE.

" After the conquest of Canada by the English, in 1759-60, General
Amherst, with a view to the establishment of English authority over
the uncivilized regions of the west, organized an expedition under
command of Major Rogers, who, on the 12th of September, 1760,
received orders ' to ascend the lakes'and take possession of the French
forts in the northwest.' This expedition, consisting of about two
hundred men, coasted along the southern shore of Lake Erie, arrived
at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River on the 7th of November, and
were probably the first English-speaking people that, in any consider-
able numbers, sailed upon it. The expedition sailed up the lake and
on to Detroit, and there, on the 20th of said month, ' took down the
colors of France and raised the royal standard of England.' In
December, Major Rogers left the Maumee, and after reaching San-
dusky Bay, (now Sandusky City,) he decided to cross the Huron River
and travel to ' Fort Pitt ' by way of the north branch of the White-
woman's River (now called Walhonding), which he did, arriving there
January 23, 1761.

" The second expedition that came within Ohio territory, was organ-
ized at Albany, on the Hudson River, in 1763, by General Amherst,
and consisted of six hundred British regulars placed under the imme-
diate command of Major Wilkins. In ascending Lake Erie a violent
storm was encountered, and a number of the vessels of the expedition
were wrecked, losing fifty barrels of provisions, some field pieces, all
their ammunition, and seventy-three men, including two lieutenants
and a surgeon. The remnant returned to Albany without a further
attempt to reach Detroit, the objective point of the expedition.

MORAVIAN MISSIONARY STATIONS.

"In 1761, Rev. Christian Frederick Post visited the Delaware
Indians, living on the Upper Muskingum River, and took the prelim-
inary steps to establish a Moravian missionary station among them.
After building a cabin he went to Pennsylvania to find a suitable
associate, one qualified to teach the Indian children to read and write,

154 A SKETCH OF THE

and thus assist him in his missionary labors. This companion he found
in John Heckewelder, of Bethlehem, who was then engaged at some
mechanical employ mentr In March, 1762, they started for their
western mission, Heckewelder being then a youth of only nineteen
years. After thirty-three days of weary horse-back travel, they
arrived at the Muskingum, (now called the Tuscarawas) and with
expressions of gratitude for their protection during their long and
perilous journey, they at once took' possession of the cabin built by
the self-sacrificing missionary the preceding year. Other appropriate
devotional exercises signalized their safe arrival in the wilderness of
the Muskingum, which, however, was then to be the scene of their
missionary operations for a ver/ brief period. They cleared some
ground around their cabin and cultivated corn and vegetables for their
subsistence, but before the autumn months had gone by, the jealousy
and hostility of the Indians rendered their condition not only unpleas-
ant but unsafe, and the mission had to be abandoned, the missionaries
returning to Pennsylvania.

"Ten yeai-s later (1772), Eev. David Zeisberger renewed the
attempt to establish missions on the Upper Muskingum. The first
settlement, station, or village, that he founded was called Shonbrun,
meaning a ' beautiful, clear spring,' and was situated on the west side
of the Muskingum, two or three miles from the present town of ISTew
Philadelphia, the county seat of Tuscarawas county. The second
mission station was established later in the year 1772, and was called
Gnadenhiitten, that is, ' tents of grace,' and was situated on the east
bank of the Muskingum, seven miles below Shonbrun. In this year
Eev. John George Jungman located as a missionary at Shonbrun, and
in 1773 Rev. John Roth, also a missionary, commenced his labors at
Gnadenhiitten.

" In 1776, the Moravians, under the lead of Rev. David Zeisberger,
established the town and mission station of Lichtenau, within two
miles of the 'Forks of the Muskingum' (now Coshocton); and in
1780, Salem, situated on the west bank of the Muskingum, about five
miles below Gnadenhiitten, was established under the leadership of
the same indefatigable missionary. Rev. John Heckewelder was
its early minister, and it was here where, in July, 1780, he entered
into the married relation with Sarah Ohneberg, a teacher at the
Muskingum mission stations. Revs. Adam Grube, Edwards, Sense-
man, and others, were missionaries at the above named villages at
various times.

" The forcible removal of the missionaries' «nd of the Moravian

atSTORir OF OHIO. 155

Indians from tlie Muskingum to the Sandusky by Elliott, an emissary
of the British, in September, 1781, and the murder of ninety-four of.
them, who, in February, 1782, had returned to gather the corn they
had raised the previous season, terminated Moravian missions for
many years on the Upper Muskingum, Until 1786 there were none
within the present limits of Ohio. During said year Rev. John
Heckewelder, and others, established a mission on the Cuyahoga
River, twelve miles from its mouth, which was composed mainly of
those who had formerly lived on the Muskingum, and who spent the
past few years at Gnadenhiitten, on Huron River, thirty miles north
of Detroit. This mission station on the Cuyahoga, known in Mora-
vian history as ' Pilgrim's Rest,' was abandoned in 1790, the
members returning to the vicinity of Detroit, and ultimately
locating near the river Thames, where they built the town of
Fairfield.

"The subsequent history of Moravian missionary effort in Ohio
belongs to territorial and later times, but 1 may be permitted to say
that Revs. Heckewelder and Edwards, in 1798, again established a
mission at the Muskingum, upon the site of Gnadenhiitten ; and in
the autumn of said year their fellow-laborers. Revs. Zeisberger and
Mortimer, established another upon the Shonbrun tract, and named
it Goshen. It was situated seven miles from Gnadenhiitten, where
the venerated Zeisberger labored until his death, in 1808, and where
he and Edwards are buried. Tlie Muskingum Moravian mission
stations were finally brought to a close in tlie year 1823, the general
government having purchased at that time all the interests previously
acquired by the Moravians.

" Rev, John Heckewelder was conspicuously identified with our
Pre-territorial, our Territorial and State history, and has been called
one of the founders of Ohio. He was a man of talents, of character
and integrity, and was one of the Associate Judges of Tuscarawas
county in 1808, 1809, 1810, when he finally left Ohio, and returned
to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where he died January 31, 1823, having
passed into the closing months of his eightieth year. His influence
as a philanthropist, philosopher, pioneer, teacher, author, diplomatist,
statesman, ambassador, jurist, and as a Christian missionary, was
invaluable.

STJBSEQUENT MILITARY MOVEMENTS UPON OHIO SOIL.

" For the purpose of subjugating the hostile Wyandots, Delawares
and Shawanese, who were unreconciled to English rule, and who had

156 A SKETCH OF THti

outraged Inimanitj by their brutality toward tlie frontier settlers,
having barbarously murdered many of them and carried their wives
and children into captivity, General Gage, commander-in-chief of the
British troops in North America, decided, in 1764, to organize two
armies, to be commanded respectively by Colonels Bradstreet and
Bouquet.

COLONEL bradstreet' S EXPEDITION.

" In pursuance of this purpose. Colonel Bradstreet, with a force of
twelve hundred men, in August sailed up Lake Erie, by way of San-
dusky Bay, to Detroit, which had been besieged by Pontiac for many
months, confining the garrison to their ramparts. After relieving
Detroit, he returned by way of Sandusky Bay to Niagara. Israel
Putnam, who figures in our Kevolutionary history as a Major-General,
and as one of the most distinguished men of those ' stirring times,'
served as Major, commanding a battalion of provincial troops in the
Bradstreet expedition.

COLONEL bouquet's EXPEDITION.

•' Colonel Bouquet's army of fifteen hundred men, composed of two
hundred Yirginians, seven hundred Pennsylvanians and six hundred
English regulars belonging to the Forty-second and Sixtieth regi-
ments, was organized at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, arrived at ' Fort Pitt '
September 17, and marched from thence for the Upper Muskingum
River (now called Tuscarawas) October 3, reaching said stream on the
15tli of said month, at a point within the present limits of Tuscarawas
county, and proceeded at once to erect a temporary fort. ' Here,' (says
the historian of the expedition) ' Indian chiefs and warriors of the
Senecas, Delawares, Shawanese, and others, numbering in all nearly
fifty, met Colonel Bouquet, October 17, and sued for peace in the
most abject manner. Turtle-Heart, Custaloga, Beaver, and another
chief or two, were the speakers, who, in their harangues, vehemently
accompanied with wild gesticulations, asserted that they had been
unable to restrain their young men, who had participated with those
of other tribes in the acts of barbarity charged, and generally palliated
the conduct of the Indians towards the white settlers.' Tliej^ pledged
themselves, however, in conclusion, to restore all captives, which had
been previously demanded of them by Colonel Bouquet, who had
doubtless authoritativel}" charged home upon them their perfidy and
cruel barbarities, their violated engagements, their treachery and

HI8T0EY OF OHIO. 157

brutal murders of traders and frontiersmen, their unfaithfulness to
all promises they had made, their untrustworthiness, their baseness
generally, concluding with the affirmation that their crimes merited
the severest punishment.

" "We also learn from the official account of the expedition that, by
arrangement, Colonel Bouquet met them again on the 20th of Octo-
ber, when, after reiterating the charges, against them, he notified them
that many of the friends and relatives of those that had been massacred
or captured by them accompanied the expedition, and that they
would not consent to a peace with them until full satisfaction was
rendered, by the restoration of all captives under their control, or by
making satisfactory arrangements for their return to their homes
and friends at the earliest practical period. Moreover, he emphat-
ically impressed upon them that his army would not leave their
country until they had fully complied with eVery condition contained
in any treaty or arrangement he would make with them, because
their oft-time violated obligations, their repeated acts of perfidy,
their general faithlessness, their oft-told falsehoods, their forfeited
honor in numerous cases, had rendered them so infamous as to be
wholly untrustworthy.

" ' The temper of the foregoing address,' says a writer in the Histor-
ical Record, ' was such as to extort a promise from those chiefs to
secure the restoration promptly of all whites held in captivity by their
people.' And it was then and there agreed that they would meet
again in twelve days, at the junction of the Tuscarawas and White-
woman (now called Walhonding) Rivers, when and where the Indians
were to ' surrender all the prisoners now held by them, whether they
were men, women or children ; whether they were English, French,
African or American ; or whether they were adopted, or married, or
living in any other condition among them.'

" In pursuance of the above agreement. Colonel Bouquet, on the
25th of October, reached the ' Forks of the Muskingum ' (now Cos-
hocton), and then and there made preparation for the reception of <the
prisoners. The Indians, realizing the necessity of keeping faith with
the stern and determined commander of such a large army, brought
in, from day to day, numerous captives, so that when the general
meeting was held, on the 9tli of November (being some days later
than the time first agreed upon), two hundred and six captives were
delivered, and pledges given that about one hundred more, still held
by the Shawanese, and whom it was impracticable to have present on
so short a notice, would be surrendered during the next spring, Hos-

158 A SKETCH OF THE

tages were taken for the fulfillment of this part of the arrangement
(for it was not a formal treaty), which (although some of the hos-
tages escajDed) secured the delivery of the additional captives, num-
bering about one hundred, at ' Fort Pitt,' on the 9th of the following
May.

" The scene at the surrender of the prisoners, in the midst of this
far-off, western wilderness, far beyond the limits of the white settle-
ments, was one that human language is too feeble to portray — which
the pen of the historian and of the ready writer could not adequately
describe — which the genius of the painter would utterly fail to pre-
sent on canvas — which the skill of the renowned sculptor would be
unable fully to exhibit in marble, and which could not fail to have
stimulated into the most lively exercise all the variety of human pas-
sions, and, exceptionally, all the tender and sympathetic feelings of
the human heart !

" ' There were seen,' said the aforenamed authority, ' fathers and
mothers recognizing and clasping their once cajitive little ones, hus-
bands hung around the newly-recovered wives ; brothers and sisters
met, after long separation, scarcely able to speak the same language,
or to realize that they were children of the same parents ! In those
interviews there was inexpressible joy and rapture, while, in some
cases, feelings of a very different character were manifested by looks
or language. Many were flying from place to place, making eager
inquiries after relatives not found, trembling to receive answers to
their questions, distracted with doubts, hopes and fears ; distressed and
grieved on obtaining no information about the friends they sought,
and, in some cases, petrified into living monuments of horror and woe
on learning their unhappy fate !

" Among the captives brought into camp was a woman with a babe,
a few months old, at her breast. One of the Virginia Volunteers soon
recognized her as his wife who had been taken by the Indians about
six months before. She was immediately delivered to her happy hus-
band. He flew with her to his tent and clothed her and his child
with proper apparel. But their joy, after their first transports, was
soon checked by the reflection that another dear child, about two
years old, taken captive at the same time with the mother, and separ-
ated from her, was still missing, although many children had been
brought in. A few days afterwards a number of other prisoners were
brought to the camp, among whom were several more children. The
woman was sent for, and one, supposed to be hers, was presented to
her. At first sight she was uncertain, but, viewing the child with

HISTORY OF OHIO. ' 159

great earnestness, she soon recollected its features, and was so over-
come with joy that, literally fori^etting her nursing babe, she dropped
it from her arms, and, catching up the new-found child, in an ecstacy
pressed it to her bosom, and, bursting into tears, carried it oif, unable
to speak for joy, while the father, taking up the infant its mother had
dropped, followed her in no less transport of affection and gratitude.

" Albacli says that 'in many cases strong attachments had grown up
between the savages and their captives, so that they were reluctantly
surrendered, some even not without tears, accompanied with some
token of remembrance.'

" Colonel Bouquet, having accomplished his purpose, broke up his
camp at the ' Forks of the Muskingum' on the IStli of Noveml^er,
and, after a march of ten days, arrived at ' Fort Pitt.' His expedition
wa? generally regarded as pre-eminently successful. Plis large army of
well-equipped soldiers, led by a determined commander, struck terror
into the hearts of the savages. They saw that resistance would be
vain, and hence readily yielded to the conditions submitted to them.
The results secured were the restoration to their frends of more than
three hundred captives, a treaty of peace the next year, made with Sir
William Johnson at the German Flats, and comparative exemption in
the entire northwest, for about ten years, from the horrors of Indian
warfare.

" The success of Colonel Bouquet's expedition secured him innne-
diate promotion to a Brigadier-Generalship, and he was also highly
complimented by the Legislative Assembly of Pennsylvania ; also by
the House of Burgesses of Virginia, and by his Majesty's Council of
the same Colony, as well as by Governor Fauquier.

" General Henry Bouquet was a native of Rolle, a small town in
the canton of Yaud, Switzerland, near the borders of Lake Geneva.
He was born in 1719, and died at Pensacola, Florida, late in the year
1765. He was a man of sense and of science, of education, of ability
and talents. He was subordinate in the Forbes expedition against Fort
Du Quesne, in 1758. General Bouquet had a command while yet a
very young man, in the army of the King of Sardinia, and passed
through several of ' the memorable and ably conducted campaigns
that monarch sustained against the combined forces of France and
Spain.'

AN ACT OF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT.

" It may not be generally known, and yet be a fact worth recording,
that the British Parliament, in the year 1774, passed an act making

160 A SKETCH OF THE

the Ohio River the sotithwestern boundary of Canada, and the Mis-
sissippi River its western boundary, thereby attaching the northwest
to the province of Quebec, as it was called, thus placing the territory
that now constitutes the State of Ohio under the local administration
of said province. Some historians have 1766 as the time of the afore-
said parliamentary enactment, but I think they are in error as to date.
" For ten years after the celebrated Bouquet expedition, the settlers
on the western frontiers of the colonies of Virginia and Pennsylvania
enjoyed comparative immunity, from the marauding excursions and
murderous raids of the western savages, and from the barbarities
previously and subsequently practiced by the Ohio Indians. That
decade of peace, however, may be fairly judged to have been
more the wholesome result of the instructive lessons taught by
Colonel Bouquet and of his large, well-equipped and formidable
army than of the action of the English Parliament above named
(even if said act was passed in 1766), or of any other cause or com-
bination of causes whatever. When the army of the gallant Bouquet
started on its long western march ' the wilderness was ringing
with the war-whoop of the savage, and the frontiers were red
with blood ' — when the return march was ordered the signs of the
times were auspicious, promising a long season of peace and quietude
to the courageous frontiersmen of those ' heroic times,' and those
hopeful indications were, in a good degree, realized during the halcyon
years of the succeeding decade.

COLONEL m'dONALD's EXPEDITION.

"As has been already intimated, the ten years that immediately
followed the Bouquet expedition (from 1764 to 1774), was a period of
comparative peace on both sides of the Ohio river. What might be
ai^propriately called ' a state of war ' between the Ohio Indians and
the Western frontiersmen did not exist at any time during that decade.
It is true some outrages were perpetrated by the Indians that pro-
voked some acts of retaliation on the part of the whites during ' those
piping times of peace ; ' but, taken all in all, those ten years may
be properly styled the halcyon decade of the latter half of the eigh-
teenth century, as between the civilized white men east of the Ohio
and the savage red men west of it.

" While, however, it was yet early spring-time, in 1774, rumors of
threatened horse-stealing raids, and of contemplated hostile visits by
the Indians into the frontier settlements, were rife. The border set-

HISTOKY OF OHIO.

IGl

tiers were in a painful state of distrust, of doubt, uncertainty and
ap]u-eliension, which culminated in fully arousing the partially smoth.
ered hostility mutually cherished by the two hostile races towards each
other.

" On the 16th of April, 1774, a large canoe, owned by William
Butler, a well-known and leading merchant or trader of Pittsburgh,
with a number of white men in it, was attacked by three Indians (sup-
posed Cherokees), while it was floating down the Ohio Kiver, near
Wheeling, and one of the men was killed. This outrage soon became
known, and was followed ^t once by wild, but generally believed
rumors of further contemplated Indian atrocities. It will readily be
seen how news of such an outrage, with the accompanying and prob.
ably exaggerated reports, would fall upon the ears of the already highly
excited and inflammable frontiersmen, many of whom had, probably,
for good cause, been long nursing their hatred of the Indian. The
outrage, as might have been expected, was promptly succeeded by
retaliation, for it was only a few days thereafter when a number of
Indians that were going down the Ohio river in a boat were killed by
some white men who alleged the murder of one of Butler's men as
the provocation and their justilication. It has been often asserted and
extensively published, that Captain Michael Cresap, of border a&d
revolutionary fame, had command of the murderers of these friendly
Indians. I do not think the charge clearly established, but whatever
may be the fact on that point, it is probable that the atrocity was per-
petrated at the instigation of Dr. John Connolly, who was at this time
commandant, under Virginia authority, at the 'Forks of the Ohio;'
the fort at that time being called Fort Dunmore, in honor of the
usurping Governor of Virginia. The frontiersmen about Wheeling
being generally Virginians and Marylanders, naturally and easily
became victims of the malign influence of the artful, designing Con-
nolly, a tool of Dunmore's, who was always ready to do his bidding.
Captain Cresap recognized Connolly's authority, and was in corre-
spondence with him, Connolly sent an express to Cresaj), which
reached him April 21st, informing him ' that war was inevitable ; that
the savages would strike as soon as the season permitted.' This mes-
sage, says Brantz Mayer, was the ' signal for open hostilities against
the Indians, and resulted in a solemn and formal declaration of war
on the 26th of April, and that very night two scalps were brought into
camp.'' Upon the receipt of the letter from Connolly, on the 21st,
' a council was called at Wheeling, of not only the military there then,

162 A SKETCH OF THE

but all the neighboring Indian traders were also summoned for con-
sultation on the important occasion, resulting as above indicated.'

" The settlers at and in the vicinity of "Wheeling, and along the
Ohio Kiver, were doubtless inveigled into the commission of hostile
acts towards the Indians by the infljfmmatory appeals to them by
Connolly, whose influence over them was of vicious tendency. He
was an ambitious intriguer, a mere instrument in the hands of Dun-
more ; and the war of 17Y4 is fairly traceable, to a large extent, to
his intrigues, exciting appeals and machinations.

" Brantz Mayer says that ' the day after the declaration of war by
Cresap and his men, under the warning authority of Connolly's mes-
sage, some canoes filled with Indians were descried on the river, keep-
ing under cover of the island, to screen themselves from view.
They were immediately pursued and overtaken fifteen miles below, at
or near the mouth of Captina creek, where a battle ensued, in which
an Indian was taken prisoner, a few were wounded, on both sides, and
perhaps, one slain. "On examination, the canoes were found to contain
a considerable quantity of ammunition and warlike stores, showing
that they were " on the war-patli " in earnest.' Captain Cresap is gen-
erally supposed to have commanded the pursuing party, but his
biographer. Rev. John J, Jacob, emphatically declares that he was
not present. This affair occurred April 27th.

" On the 30th of April, a force of twenty or thirty men, led by
Captain Daniel Greathouse, went up the Ohio river to the mouth of
Yellow creek, above the present city of Steuben ville, and there,
accompanied by circumstances of great perfidy and atrocity, murdered
ten Indians, some of whom were the kindred of Logan, the celebrated
Mingo Chief. This act was the more dastardly because committed
against men, women and children who were known to cherish no hos-
tile purposes toward the whites! After these occurrences, it was"
manifest to the most hopeful friends of peace that an Indian war was
inevitable! As might have been anticipated, the savages at once
furiously took the war-path ! Parties of them, with murder in their
hearts, scoured the country east of the Ohio river, and made hostile
raids into the settlements and laid them waste ! Men, women and
children were murdered, and scalped ; the brains of infants were
dashed out against the trees, and their bodies were left exposed, to be
devoured by birds of prey and by the wild beasts of the forest ! Ter-
ror, gloom, excitement, consternation pervaded all the border settle-
ments !

" Upon the representations made to Governor Dunmore of out-

HISTOKT OF OHIO. 1G3

rages that clearly indicated a hostile disposition of the Indians toward
the whites and a determination to make war npon them, that func-
tionary promjDtly commissioned Colonel Angus McDonald, and author-
ized hiin to organize the settlers on the Youghiogheny and Monon-
gahela rivers for the defense of the frontiers.

" Lord Dunmore, knowing Michael Cresap to be a man of courage,
energy, and force of character, personally tendered him a captain's
commission, with a view to the immediate enlistment of a force for
co-operation with the troops rapidly organizing by McDonald, west of
the Alleghenies. Captain Cresap accepted the commission, and
entered upon his duties promptly. Such was his popularity, that
more than the required complement of men were recruited in a very
short time, and at once marched to join the command of McDonald,
the ranking officer of the expedition. The combined forces, number-
ing four hundred men, after a dreary march through the wilderness,
rendezvoused at Wheeling, some time in June. The invasion of
the country of the Ohio Indians was their purpose. In pursuance
of their object, they went down the Ohio in boats and canoes to
the mouth of the Captina creek, and from thence they pursued
their march to the Indian towns at and near the mouth of
the Wakatomika creek (now Dresden), a point about equi-distant
from the present city of Zanesville and the town of Coshocton, both
on the Muskingum River, Jonathan Zane being the chief pilot of the
expedition.

"About six miles from Wakatomika a force of forty or fifty Indians,
lying in ambush, gave a skirmish, in which two of McDonald's men
were killed and eight or nine wounded, while the Indians lost one or
more killed and several wounded. When McDonald arrived at the
chief Wakatomika town he found it evacuated, and the whole Indian
force M^ere in ambuscade a short distance from it, which, being discov-
ered, the Indians sued for peace. A march to the next village, a mile
above the first, was effected, and a small skirmish ensued, in which
some blood was shed on both sides. The result was the burning of
the town and the destruction of their corn fields. There was the
usual perfidy on the part of the Indians, and really nothing substantial
was accomplished, when the expedition returned to Wheeling, taking
with them three chiefs as captives, or hostages, who were sent to
Williamsburg, the seat of the colonial government of Virginia. This
expedition was designed only to give temporary protection to the
frontier settlers, and was preliminary to the Dunmore expedition to

164: A SKETCH OF THE

the Pickaway Plains, or ' Old Chillicothe,' towns, near the Scioto,
later in the year,

" Colonel Angus McDonald was of Scotch parentage, if he was
not himself a native of the Highlands of Scotland. He lived near
Winchester, Frederick county, Virginia, upon, or near to the pos-
sessions early acquired in ' the valley,' and which was then, and is
still, known as ' Glengary,' named in honor of the ancestral clan to
w^liich the ancient McDonalds belonged in the Highlands of Scot-
land. Some of Colonel McDonald's descendants, in the fourth gen-
eration, are still living near to, or upon, these domains of the earlier
McDonalds.

LORD DUNMOEe's WAK.

" The summer and early autumn of 1774 resounded with the din
of preparation for war in various portions of Yirginia, having in
view the raising of armies, ostensibly for the purpose of subjugating
the hostile Ohio Indians. Governor Dunmore organized an army
numbering labout fifteen hundred men, in the northern counties, prin-
cipally in Frederick, Hampshire, Berkley and Dunmore (now Shen-
andoah), which assembled on the banks of the Ohio River, above
Wheeling ; while, at the same time, by arrangement, General Andrew
Lewis raised over a thousand men in the southern counties for the
same purpose, which rendezvoused at Camp Union, on the Greenbriar
River. The two armies were to form a junction at the mouth of the
Kanawha. Bancroft says ' these armies were composed of noble Yir-
ginians, who braved danger at the call of a royal governor, and poured
out their blood to win the victory for western civilization ' Three
companies that served in the McDonald expedition to the Muskingumj
immediately upon their return in July entered the army of Lord
Dunmore, and formed a part of the right wing thereof, which was
directly under his immediate command. They were commanded
respectively by Captain Michael Cresap, Captain James Wood, and
by Captain Daniel Morgan, who all subsequently figured as oflicers
in our Revolutionary war, the last named being the distinguished
General Morgan of heroic fame, while Captain James Wood reached
high military and civil positions, having served as Governor of Vir-
ginia from 1796 to 1799. Among others of the Dunmore army who
afterwards attained to more or less distinction as military commanders,
and whose names, to the present time, are ' household words ' in the
West, were Colonel William Crawford, General Simon Kenton, Gen-
eral John Gibson, and General George Rogers Olark. Among those

tITSTORY OP oiiio. 1C)5

connected with the left wing of the Dnnmore army, who were then,
or subsequently hecame, honorably identified with the history of our
country, were its gallant commander, Greneral Andrew Lewis ; Gen-
eral Isaac Shelby, a lieutenant then, afterwards the ' hero of King's
Mountain ; ' Colonel Charles Lewis, who gave up his life for his
country on the battlefield of Point Pleasant, also, Hon. Andrew
Moore, who served Yirginia many years in both branches of our
national legislature with honor to himself and credit to his State.

" The right wing of the Dunmore army reached the Ohio River by
way of ' Potomac Gap,' about the first of October ; and the left wing,
undei- command of General Lewis, encamped at the mouth of the
Kanawha River near the same time, where he soon received a dispatch
from Lord Dunmore, changing the place of the junction of the two
wings of his army to the vicinity of the Indian towns on the Scioto,
near the ' Pickaway Plains.' Meanwhile Dunmore, with his com-
mand, went down the Ohio to the mouth of the Hock-Hocking River,
and there built * Fort Gower.' From, thence he marched his army up
said river through the territory that now constitutes the counties of
Athens, Hocking, Fairfield, and portions of Pickaway, and encamped
on Sippo Creek, a tributary of the Scioto, within a few miles of the
Sliawanese towns, where he erected some entrenchments, naming
ills encampment ' Camp Charlotte.'

" General Lewis intended to start with his command towards the
Indian towns on the Scioto on the 10th of October, to join Governor
Dunmore, but at sunrise on that day he was unexpectedly attacked by
about one thousand chosen warriors, under the command of Cornstalk,
the celebrated Shawanese chief, who had rallied them at the Old Chil-
licothe town, on the Scioto, near the ' Pickaway Plains,' to meet the
army of General Lewis, and give them battle before the two corps
could efl:"ect a union. The battle lasted all day, and terminated with
the repulse of Cornstalk's warriors, with great slaughter on both sides.
It has been generally characterized by histoi-ians as ' one of the most
sanguinary and best fought battles in the annals of Indian warfare in
the west.' Seventy-five ofiicers and men of Lewis's army were killed,
and one hundred and forty were wounded. The loss was, probably,
equally as great on the part of the Indians, who retreated during the
night.

" General Lewis was reinforced to the extent of three hundred men,
soon after the battle, and then started upon his march of eighty miles,
through the wilderness, for the Indian towns on the Scioto, arriving
within four miles of ' Camp Charlotte ' on the twenty-fourth of Octo-

166 A sKEtoii oi' I'liti

ber. His encampment, which was named Camj) Lewis, was situated
on Congo Creek, a tributary of Sippo Creek, near the southern ter-
mination of the ' Pickaway Plains,' and within a short distance of the
Old Chillicothe town.

" The principal chiefs of the Indians on the Scioto met Lord Dun-
more at ' Camp Charlotte,' and agreed with him lipon the terms of
a treaty. Cornstalk, who had been defeated by General Lewis, was
present, and, being satisfied of the futility of any further struggle,
was especially anxious to make peace, and readily obtained the
assent of the chiefs present to it. The Mingoes were not a party to
the treaty, but remained rebellious ; whereupon Captain Crawford
was sent, with a small force, against one of their towns on the
Scioto, which they destroyed, and took a number of prisoners, who
were not released until the next year. And it is a noteworthy fact,
too, that Logan, the great Mingo Chief, woidd not attend the council
at • Camjp Charlotte? He could not be prevailed upon to appear, and
in any way make himself a party to the treaty. Dunmore greatly
desired his presence and acquiescence, at least, if he could not secure
his approval of the terms of the treaty. To this end, he sent Colonel
John Gibson as a messenger to the Old Chillicothe town, across the
Scioto, where Logan usually spent his time when not ' on the war-
path,' to ascertain the reasons for his absence, and, if possible, to
secure his presence.

"Logan was found, but he was in a sullen mood. At length, becom-
ing somewhat mollified under the gentle and persuasive manipulations
of Gibson, and from the effects of freely administered ' fire-water,'
he moved from the wigwam in which this preliminary interview
was held, and, beckoning Dunmore's messenger to follow, 'he went
into a solitary thicket near by, where, sitting down on a log, he burst
into tears, and uttered some sentences of impassioned eloquence,
charging the murder of his kindred upon Captain Michael Cresap.'
Those utterances of Logan were committed to paper by Colonel Gib-
son immediately on his return to ' Camp Charlotte,' and probably read
in the council and in the presence of the army. And this is substan-
tially the history of the famous speech of Logan, until it appeared in
the Virginia Gazette, of date February 4, 1775, which was published
in the city of Williamsburg, the then seat of government of the
colony of Yirginia. Its publication was, doubtless, procured by Dun-
more himself. It was neither a speech, an address, a message, nor
a promise to assent to, or comply with, the provisions of a treaty, but
simply the wild, excited, passionate utterances of a hlood-stained sav-

HISTORY OF OfllO. 167

age^ given, as near as remembered by Colonel Gibsoii, and which con-
sisted, in part, of slanderous allegations, based on misinformation,
against Captain Michael Cresap — charges known by every officer at
' Camp Charlotte' to be unfonnded — allegations that have been persis-
tently propagated to the present time, to the detriment of the fair
fame and memory of an injured patriot, a valnable, enterprising,
adventurous pioneer on the western frontiers, and a brave soldier and
gallant officer in the Revolutionary army, who died a patriot's death
while in the service of his country !

" Colonel Gibson, knowing that Captain Cresap had not participa-
ted in any way in the murder of Logan's kindred at Yellow Creek,
immediately after the close of the very spirited recital of his injuries,
corrected Logan's impressions as to Cresap's guilt, but the half-frantic
savage persisted in the false charge he had made, or at least declined
to withdraw it, and Colonel Gibson felt bound to put Logan's words
on paper, as near as he could, j%i8t as they were sjpoken. Soon after
Logan's speech, as it was called, was published in "Williamsburg, it
was republished in New York and elsewhere, and its further republi-
cation by Thomas Jefferson, in his ' Notes on Virginia,' in 1784, as a
specimen of aboriginal eloquence, gave it still greater currency, and,
tacitly, an apparent indorsement of the charge it contained against
Captain Cresap. But Mr. Jefferson published it without any reference
to the truth or falsity of said charge, but to disprove the statements of
Buffon and Raynal, who alleged the inferiority of Americans, and
charged that there was a natural tendency to physical, mental, and
moral degeneracy in America !

" Colonel (afterwards General) Gibson was a man of talents, and
abundantly capable of executing the agency attributed to him in this
matter. He enjoyed the confidence of General Washington, who, in
1781, intrusted him with the command of the 'Western Military
Department.' General Gibson was Secretary of Indiana Territory,
and sometimes acting Governor, from 1800 to 1813, and held other
positions of honor. He died near Pittsburgh, in 1822. Most of the
foregoing facts are obtained from the sworn deposition of General
Gibson himself, and from the corroborative statements of General
George Rogers Clark, Colonel Benjamin Wilson, Luther Martin, Esq.,
Judge John B. Gibson, and other gentlemen distinguished for talents
and veracity.

" During the summer of 1774 Logan acted the part of a murderous
demon! He was a cruel, vindictive, bloody-handed savage! He took
thirty scalps and some prisoners during the six months that intervened

16S A. SKETCH OF THli

between the time of the unjustifiable, wanton, unprovoked murder of
his friends at Yellow Creek, and his interview with Colonel Gibson !
He had had his revenge ! To quote his own vigorous language, ' he
had fully glutted his vengeance P And nothwithstanding he had
indulged his savage propensities even to satiety, one would suppose, he
nevertheless subsequently engaged in other hostile crusades against
the frontiersmen, one of these being the murderous expedition into
Kentucky which resulted in the capture of Eiiddell's and Martin's
Stations, and the taking of many prisoners! He also went on a simi-
lar mission to the Holston River settlements, in 1779. Logan was a
savage, but had been friendly to the whites. After the brutal murder
of his friends, the frontiersmen east of the Ohio Eiver, and the red
men west of it, assumed an attitude of intense hostility towards each
other, the latter embracing every opportunity to rob, capture, and
murder the former, and those outrages were met by the white settlers
in a determined spirit of retaliation and revenge ! The conduct of
Logan, therefore, was not surprising ! The fact that he was a savage
is the best plea that can be offered in mitigation of his enormities !
And he had g^^eat provocation^ too !

" Logan, after the murder of his kindred and friends, in 1774, gave
way, in a great lueasure, to intemperance and vindictiveness, : and
became a sullen, harsh, cruel, drunken vagabond. His acts of bar-
barity finally brought him to a violent death on the southern shore of
Lake Erie, between Sandusky Bay and Detroit, in 1780, at the hands
of one of his own race !

" Colonel Michael Cresap, upon the breaking out of the Eevolu-
tionary war, in 1775, raised a company of volunteers at the call of the
Maryland Delegates in Congress, and became their commander. He
promptly marched to Boston, where he joined the Continental army
of General Washington. His health, however, soon failed, and he
attempted to return to his home in Maryland, but when, on the 12th
of October, he reached New York, he found himself too feeble to
proceed further. Daily declining, he died October 18, 1775, in the
thirty-third year of his age, and was buried the day after his death,
with military honors, in Trinity churchyard. A widowed wife and
four children survived him. Thus died, in early manhood, the gallant
soldier, the pure patriot, the cruelly defamed pioneer, the meritorious
Revolutionary officer, the greatly maligned and unjustly assailed Cap-
tain Michael Cresap !

" Lord Dunmore, after negotiating M'ith the Indians for peace, and
for the restoration of prisoners and stolen propert}^, returned to Vir-

tTtSTORY OF OHIO. l69

ginia, pursuing very nearly the route by which he came, leaving a
hundred men at the mouth of the Kanawha, and a small force at ' Fort
Fincastle,' afterwards called ' Fort Henry' (now Wheeling) ; also a
limited number of men at the ' Forks of the Ohio,' for the protection
of the frontier settlements. Fort Henry was named in honor of
Patrick Henry, who became Governor of the colony of Virginia as
the successor of Lord Dunmore, immediately after the latter's espousal
of the cause of the mother country against the colonies, and of his
ignominious flight from WJlliarasburg, in June, 1775, and taking
refuge on board of a British man-of-war.

" It may be recorded to the honor of Dunmore's officers that they
were loyal to the colonies and patriotic to the core, which they made
manifest when, at ' Fort Gowar,' at the mouth of the Hock-Hocking,
while on their homeward march, they resolved, in view of the
approaching rupture with England, 'that they would exert every
power within them for the defense of American liberty, and for the
support of America's just rights and privileges.'

0RGA]SriZATI0N OF ILLINOIS COUNTY.

" For the purpose of more effectually organizing civil government
northwest of the Ohio River, after the conquest of the country by
Colonel George Rogers Clark, the House of Burgesses of Virginia, in
October, 1778, erected the county of Illinois out of the western part of
Botecourt county, which had been established in 1769. Illinois county
was bounded on the east by Pennsylvania, on the southeast and south
by the Ohio River, on the west by the Mississippi River, and on the
north by the northern lakes, tlius making the territory that now
constitutes the State of Ohio an integral portion of it. John Todd,
Esq., was appointed County Lieutenant and Civil Commandant of
Illinois county. He was killed in the battle of Blue Licks, August
18, 1782, and was succeeded by Timothy de Montbrun. The Mora-
vian missionaries on the Tuscarawas, a few scores of Indian traders,
and a small number of French settlers on the Maumee, made the sum
total of white men at that time in what is now Ohio.

EXPEDITION OF GENERAL m'iNTOSH.

" General Lachlin Mcintosh, commander of the Western Military
Department, made an expedition in 1778, with discretionary powers,
from ' Fort Pitt to the Tuscarawas, with about one thousand men,
and th^re erected Fort Laurens, near the present town of Bolivar, in

170 A SltEtCH Ot THE

Tuscarawas county. He garrisoned it with one hundred and fifty
men, under command of Colonel John Gibson, and then returned to
' Fort Pitt.'

" The original purpose was to march his army to Detroit, or at least
as far as the Sandusky Indian towns, but various causes prevented,
and the campaign was comparatively fruitless. Kot receiving rein-
forcements as expected, and probably lacking in energy, and having
no special capacity for Indian warfare, his expedition was a failure,
and he resigned his command of the ' Western Military Department
in February, 1779.

" General Mcintosh was a Scotchman, born in 1727.. His father's
family, himself included, came with General Oglethorpe to Georgia
in 1736 ; became Colonel of the First Georgia Regiment in the early
part of the Revolutionary war ; was soon made a Brigadier-General ;
killed Hon. Button Gwinnett, a signer of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, in a duel fought in 1777 ; commanded the Western army
in 1778-9 ; was captured at Charleston, South Carolina, May 12,
1780 ; became a member of Congress in 1784, and an Indian com-
missioner in 1785, and died in Savannah, Georgia, in 1806.

ERECTION OF FORT LAURENS IN 1778.

" Fort Laurens (named in honor of the then President of the Con-
tinental Congress, Henry Laurens), was the first parapet and stockade
fort built within the present limits of Ohio — Fort Gowar, and others
previously constructed, being of a less substantial character. Disas-
ters attended it from the beginning. The Indians stole their horses,
and drew the garrison into several ambuscades, killing fourteen men
at one time and eleven at another, besides capturing a number also.
Eight hundred warriors invested it at one time, and kept up the siege
for six weeks. The provisions grew short, and when supplies from
' Fort Pitt ' had arrived within a hundred yards of the fort the garri-
son, in their joyousness, fired a general salute with musketry, which so
frightened the loaded pack-horses as to produce a general stampede
through the woods, scattering the provisions in every direction, so
that most of the much-needed supplies were" lost ! Although it was
regarded very desirable, for various military reasons, to have a garri-
soned fort and dejyoi of supplies at a point about equi-distant from
the forts on the Ohio River and the hostile Indians on the Sandusky
Plains, yet so disastrous had been the fate of Fort Laurens, on the
Tuscawaras River, that it was abandoned in August, 1779.. Fifty

HlSTOR-^ OF OHIO. 171

y Gal's ago the Ohio canal was cut through it, and but little remains to
show where this, the first of our military earthworks erected by the
white race, stood. Though this stockade was constructed less than a
hundred years ago, it is now numbered among ' the things that were,
but are not ! '

GENERAL DANIEL BEODHEAd's EXPEDITION.

" To guard against the recurrence of predatory incursions into the
frontier settlements east of the Ohio River, and to avenge the cruel-
ties and atrocious barbarities of the savages, General Daniel Brod-
head, in April, 1781, organized a force of about three hundred
effective men, at Wheeling, with which he marched to the Mus-
kingum River. The result of this campaign was the taking of the
Indian town situated at the 'Forks' of said river (now Coshocton),
with all its inhabitants, and the capture of some prisoners at other
villages. Among the prisoners taken were sixteen warriors who
were doomed to death by a council of war, and accordingly dis-
patched, says Doddridge, with spears and tomahawks, and afterwards
scalped ! A strong determination was manifested by the soldiers to
march up the Tuscarawas to the Moravian towns and destroy them,
but General Brodhead and Colonel Shepherd (the second officer in
rank), prevented this contemplated outrage. The famous Lewis
Wetzel killed, in cold blood, a chief who was held as a hostage by
General Brodhead ! Other atrocities were committed by the infuri-
ated men on their return march, who were resolved to adopt the
most sanguinary measures, if necessary, to prevent in the future the
murderous incursions of the savages into the frontier settlements !

" The border wars of this period were prosecuted on both sides
as wars of extermination, and the cruelties and barbarities perpe-
trated by the Indians had produced such a malignant spirit of
revenge among the whites as to make them but little less brutal
and remorseless than the savages themselves ! Some of their expe-
ditions against the Indians were mere murdering parties, held
together only by the common thirst for revenge ; and it is not
likely that any discipline calculated to restrain that pervading feeling,
or that would be efficient in preventing or even checking it, conid
in all cases have been enforced. It is certainly unfortunate for the
reputation of General Brodhead that his name is thus associated
with the murder of prisoners ; but it is highly probable that he never
sanctioned it, and could not have prevented it !

172 A SKETCH OF THi!

" General Daniel Brodhead's home was in Berks county, Pennsyl-
vania. He entered the Kevolutionry army as a Lieutenant-Colonel,
his commission bearing date July 4, 1 TT6 ; was engaged in most of
the battles fought by General "Washington's army until early in
1779, when, on receiving a Colonel's commission, he was placed in
command of the Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment. On March 5, 1779,
he was appointed to -the command of the ' Western Military Depart-
ment ' (succeeding General Mcintosh), with headquarters at ' Fort
Pitt.' This position he retained until 1781, when he was succeeded
by General John Gibson, who was himself succeeded by General
William Irvine, September 21, 1781.

" In 1789, General Brodhead was elected Surveyor-General of Penn-
sylvania, an office which he continued to hold until 1799, when he
retired to private life. His death occurred at Milford, Pennsylvania,
November 15, 1809. He was one of four brothers, who all rendered
essential services during our Eevolutionary struggle.

COLONEL AECHIDALD LOCHKy's EXPEDITION.

" In the early summer of 1781, Colonel Lochry, the County Lieu-
tenant of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, was requested by
Colonel George Rogers Clark to raise a military force, and join him
in his then contemplated military movement against Detroit, and the
Indian tribes of the Northwest generally. The mouth of the Big
Miami river was first named as the place of general rendezvous, but
was, subsequently, changed to the 'Falls of the Ohio.' Colonel
Lochry raised a force of one hundred and six men, who, on the 25th of
July, ' set out for Fort Henry (Wheeling), where they embarked in
boats for their destination.' They passed down the Ohio river to a point
a few miles below the mouth of the Big Miami, where, having landed,
they ' were suddenly and unexpectedly assailed by a volley of rifle-
balls, from an overhanging bluif, covered with large trees, on which
the Indians had taken position in great force.' The result was, the
death of Colonel Lochry and forty-one of his command, and the cap-
ture of the remainder, many of whom were wounded — some of the
captured being killed and scalped, while prisoners! This occurred
August 25, 1781, and such of the captured as were not murdered,
died, or escaped, did not reach their homes again until after the peace
of 1783, when they were exchanged at Montreal, and sent home,
arriving there in May, 1783. The murder of prisoners was alleged
to be in retaliation for the outrages committed by Brodhead's men a

HISTORY OF OHIO. 173

few months before ; and it has been said that this treatment of
Lochry's men was one of the provocations for the brutal nuirder of
the Moravian Indians, on the Tuscarawas^ in 1782!

COLONEL Williamson's expedition.

" The wife of William "Wallace, and three of her children, also John
Carpenter, all of "Washington county, Pennsylvania, were captured by
the Indians in 1782, and carried off. Mrs. Wallace and her infant
were found, after having been tomahawked and scalped ! The fron-
tiersmen were greatly exasperated, and at once organized an expedition
of nearly a hundred men to pursue and chastise the murderers. On
arriving at the Tuscarawas Eiver, and finding the Moravian Indians
there, in considerable force, gathering coi-n at the villages from which
they had been forcibly removed, by British authority, the preceding
autumn, to the Sandusky Plains, for alleged favoritism to the Ameri-
can cause, the conclusion was soon reached that they had found the
murderers of Mrs. Wallace and her child, and at once made prisoners
of those at Gnadenhlitten and Salem, to the number of ninety-six.
The Indians at Shonbrun made their escape, on hearing of the capture
of those at work at the other villages. It has been stated that some
clothing was found with those Indians that was identified as that of
the murdered friends of some of Williamson's men ; but even if that
were so, it did not prove tliat these Indians were the murderers, or
had even aided or abetted the murderers.

" Colonel Williamson, on March 8, 1782, submitted the fate of his
helpless captives to his excited men. The alternative was whether
they should take them to ' Fort Pitt,' as prisoners, or kill them I
Eighteen only voted to take them to ' Fort Pit,' the others voted to
butcher them, and ' they were then and there murdered in cold blood
with gun and spear, and tomahawk and scalping-knife, and bludgeon
and maul ! ' Two only escaped ! There are many details of this
atrocious massacre — this infamous butchery of an innocent people —
but I omit them. History characterizes it as an atrocious and unquali-
fied wholesale murder — as a terrible tragedy — a horrid deed ! Would
that it could be blotted from our history ! Colonel Williamson
opposed the masscre, but could not control his men !

COLONEL CBAWFOBd's SANDUSKY CAMPAIGN.

" Soon after the return of the murderous expedition of Colonel
Williamson, an expedition against the Wyandot villages, on the San-

174 A SKETCH OF THE

duskj Plains, was determined upon, their destruction being deemed
essential to the protection of the frontier settlements east of the Ohio,
Nearly all of Colonel Williamson's men volunteered, and recruiting
went on so rapidly that by the 25th of May, four hundred and eighty
men rendezvoused at the Mingo Bottoms, three miles below the present
city of Steubenville. An election for commander of the expedition
was held there, when it was found that Colonel William Crawford
was elected, having received 235 votes, while 230 were cast for Colonel
David Williamson. The latter gentleman was then promptly and
unanimously chosen the second officer in rank. The entire force was
composed of mounted men, who, following the ' Williamson trail ' to
the Tuscarawas, passed rapidly on to the Sandusky. On reaching a
point three miles north of Upper Sankusky, and a mile west of the
Sandusky Kiver, within the present limits of Wyandot county, a bat-
tle ensued (known as the battle of Sandusky, fought June 4-5, 1782),
followed by the defeat of Colonel Crawford and the loss of over a
hundred men in killed and prisoners. Colonel Crawford was captured
and tortured to death in a slow fire, accompanied by circumstances of
barbarity unparalelled in the annals of Indian warfare. Some his-
torians have misapprehended the purpose of the Crawford campaign.
s think it clearly established that the design was not the pursuit and
chastisement of the Moravian Indians, but the destruction of tiie
Wyandot villages of the Sandusky Plains, and for the leasons above
stated. The details of this disastrous expedition are so well known
to the general reader that I omit them.

" Colonel Crawford was born in Orange county, Virginia, in 1732
(now Berkley county, West Virginia). Pie and General Washington
were of the same age and were intimate friends from early life until
Crawford's death, both being engaged while young men in the same
pursuit, that of land surveyors. Both were officers in Braddock's dis-
astrous campaign in 1755 — both were officers in General Forbes' army
in 1758, which successfully marched against Fort Duquesne. Colonel
Crawford served as a captain in Dunmore's war, in 1774 — recruited
a regiment for continental service — became Colonel of the Seventh
Virginia Kegiment — was in the Long Island campaign, also in the
retreat through ISTew Jersey, and participated in the battles of Tren-
ton and Princeton. In 1778 he had command of a Virginia regiment
in the vicinity of ' Fort Pitt,' and built Fort Crawford, sixteen miles
above the ' Forks of the Ohio.' He also participated in the erection
of Fort Mcintosh and Fort Laurens, and rendered other valuable
services. He removed to ' Stewart's crossings ' (now Connelsville) in

HISTORY OF OHIO. 175

1769, it being the point where Braddock's army crossed the Yonghio-
gheny River in 1755, and where he frequently received the visits of
his old friend, General Washington, whose land agent he was. And
here he lived when he took command of the ill-fated Sandusky expe-
dition. Colonel William Crawford possessed the highest qualities of
true manhood, and justly ranked as a hero among the heroes of those
heroic times.

" Colonel David Williamson, the ranking officer after the cajjture
of Colonel Crawford, took command of the defeated, demoralized,
retreating forces, who were pursued by the victors at least thirty
miles, and displayed considerable ability as such, particularly at the
battle of Olentangy, which was fought June 6th, during the retreat,
at a point now in Whetstone township, Crawford county, about live
miles southeasterly from Bucyrus. Colonel Williamson lived in
Washington county, Pennsylvania, and died there, after having served
it in the cajjacity of sheriff. I repeat the statement to his credit that
he was' personally opposed . to the murder of the Christian Indians,
but could not prevent it.

GENERAL GEORGE ROGERS CLARk's EXPEDITION.

*' In the autumn of 1782, soon after the battle of Blue Licks, and
in retaliation upon the Ohio Indians, for that and other marauding
and murderous incursions into Kentucky, General George Rogers
Clark, with a force of over one thousand men, marched against the
Indian towns on the Miami River. One division of the army was
under command of Colonel Logan, and the other was commanded by
Colonel Floyd. The two divisions marched together from the
mouth of the Licking to a point near the head waters of the
Miami River, now in Miami county, and there destroyed some
Shawanese towns and other property, including Loramie's store,
which was at' the mouth of Loramie's Creek, within the present limits
of Shelby county. Ten Indians were killed and a number of pris-
oners taken.

" General George Rogers Clark was born in Albemarle county,
Virginia, November 19, 1752. He commanded a company in the
right wing of Dunmore's army in 1774, and settled in Kentucky in
1776. In 1778 he led an army into the Northwest and conquered it.
He served under Baron Steuben in 1780, during Arnold's invasion of
Virginia, and rendered other valuable military services. He was also
a legislator, and served as a commissioner in making treaties with the

176 A SKETCH OF THE

Indians at Fort Mcintosh, in 1785, and at Fort Finney in 1786. Gen-
eral Clark was a man of ability, of skill, energy, enterprise, and of
wonderful resources. He died at Locust Grove, near the Falls of the
Ohio, in February, 1818.

COLONEL Logan's expedition.

" In 1786 Colonel Benjamin Logan crossed the Ohio River at
Limestone (now Maysville), with four hundred men or more, and
marched to the Mack-a-cheek towns on Mad River, to chastise the
Shawanese there, who were intensely hostile to the Kentuckians.
The result of the campaign was the burning of eight of their towns,
all of which were situated within the present limits of Logan county ;
also the destruction of much corn. Twenty warriors were also
killed, including a prominent chief of the nation, and about seventy-
five prisoners were taken. Colonel Daniel Boone, General Simon
Kenton and Colonel Trotter were officers in this expedition; The
two first named rendered valuable services in Dunmore's expedition,
and afterwards, and the latter also made a good pioneer and war
record.

" Several minor expeditions, accompanied by comparatively unim-
portant results I leave unnoticed, as details would add unnecessarily
to the length of this paper. Those of Colonel Edwards to the Big
Miami in 1787, and of Colonel Todd to the Scioto Yalley in 1788,
before the organization of the ' Territory northwest of the River
Ohio,' were of this class.

first treaties establishing boundaries.

"The first treaty establishing boundaries in Ohio between our
Government and the Ohio Indians was formed at Fort Mcintosh, in
January, 1785. Its provisions were given in last year's volume of
' Ohio Statistics.'

'.'This treaty was followed on May 20, 1785, by an ordhiance of
Congress which provided for the first survey and sale of the public
lands within the present limits of Ohio. Under that ordinance the
tract known as the Seven Ranges, whose boundaries were also given
in last year's volume, was surveyed, and sales eftected at New York,
in 1787, to the amount of $72,974. The tract of the Ohio Land
Company was surveyed and sold, pursuant to the provisions of an
ordinance of July 23, 1785 ; and Fort Harmar, situated at the mouth
of the Muskingum River, was built during this and the next year, for

HISTORY OF OHIO. 177

the protection of the immigrants that might settle upon it. The
title to the Ohio Land Company's purchase was not perfected until
October 23, 1787, and until then, settling upon the public lands was
discouraged and indeed forbidden by the Government ; but, notwith-
standing a number of settlements were made between the time of the
treaty of Fort Mcintosh, in January, 1785, and the perfecting of the
title of the Ohio Land Company in October, 1787. These were
chiefly along the Hock-Hocking and the Ohio Elvers, and were broken
up by military force, and the settlers dispersed or driven east of the
Ohio Kiver. Settlements that were attempted at the mouth of the
Scioto, and other places, were prevented. Proclamations by Congress
were issued against settling upon the public domain as early as 1785,
and enforced by the military power when disregarded. Hundreds of
families probably had attempted to settle permanently west of the
Ohio River, previous to the arrival of the colony of New Englanders,
at the mouth of the Muskingum, in April, 1788, but were not per-
mitted to do so. The fact, therefore, remains that the settlement was
the first jpermanent one within the present limits of Ohio — all others
heioig hut temporary, hy reason of the compulsory dispersion, pre-
viously, of the settlers elsewhere, and the destruction of their huts.

THE FIRST WHITE CHILD BORN IN OHIO.

" Considerable effort has been made by various persons, to ascertain,
if possible, who was the first white child born within the present
limits of Ohio, also when and where born, and the name as well. The
following claims to that distinction have been presented, and I give
them in chronological order, with the remark that some Indian traders
who resided among the Ohio Indians, before the Bouquet expedition,
in 1764, were married to white women, who probably had children
born unto them, but the evidence to establish it is lacking.

" In April, 1764, a white woman whose husband was a white man,
was captured in Virginia, by some Delaware Indians, and taken to one
of their towns at or near Wakatomika, now Dresden, Muskingum
county. In July of said year, she, while yet in caj)tivity at the above
named place, gave birth to a male child. She and her child were
among the captives restored to their friends November 9, 1764, under
an arrangement made by Bouquet, her husband being present and
receiving them. It was, as far as I am informed, the first Jcnown white
child born upon the soil of Ohio, but the exact time and place of its
birth, and its name, are alike unknown.

178 A SKETCH OF THE

" In 1770, an Indian trader named Conner, married a white woman
who was a captive among the Shawanese, at or near the Scioto. Dur-
ing the next year she gave birth to a male child, probably at the above
named point. Mrs. Conner, in 1774, with her husband, removed to
Shonbrun, one of the Moravian villages on the Tuscarawas, and there
they had other children born to them.

"In April, 1773, Eev. John Koth and wife arrived at Gnadenhiit-
ten, on the Tuscarawas, and there, on the 4th day of July, 1773, she
gave birth to child, at which, the next day, at his baptism, by Eev.
David Zeisberger, was named John Lewis Roth. He died at Bath,
Pennsylvania, September 25, 1841. It is clear to my mind that JoJin
Lewis Roth is the first white child born within the limits of our State,
whose name, sex, time, place of birth and death, and biography, are
known with certainty.

" Howe in his ' Ohio Historial Collections,' states upon the authority
of a Mr. Dinsmore, of Kentucky, that a Mr. Millehomine, in 1835,
(who then lived in the parish of Terre-Boime, Louisiana), informed
him that he was born of French-Canadian parents, on or near the
Loramie portage, about the year 1774, while his parents were moving
from Canada to Louisiana ; but there is nothing definite or authentic
in this case either as to time or place.

" Joanna Maria Hechewelder, daughter of Eev. John Ileckewelder,
was born at Salem, one of the Moravian villages on the Tuscarawas,
April 16, 1781, and she was the first white female child born upon
Ohio territory, as to whose time and place of birth, and death, and
subsequent history, there is positive certainty. Her death took place
at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, September 19, 1868, in the eighty-eighth
year of her age.

"I believe it is generally conceded that the first white child born
within our State, after the permanent settlement at the mouth of the
Muskingum, was Leicester G. Converse, whose birth took place at
Marietta, February, 7, 1789, and who died near said river, in Morgan
county, February 14, 1859.

ORGANIZATION OF THE SECOND GRADE OF TEKEITOKIAL GOVERNMENT.

" The Governor having satisfactorily ascertained that the conditions
existed entitling the territory to the second grade of government,
that is, that there were ' five thousand free male inhabitants, of full
age,' within the territory, he, on the 29th day of October, 1798, took
the preliminary steps to effect that object, by issuing his proclamation,

HISTORY OF OHIO.

179

directing the qualified voters to hold elections for Territorial Repre-
sentatives on the third Monday of December, 1798. The election waa
held in pursuance of said proclamation, which resulted in the follow-
ing gentlemen being chosen to constitute the j)opular branch of the
Territorial Legislature for the ensuing two years :

MEMBERS OF TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE OF 1799-1800.

Return Jonathan Meigs, Washington

county.
Paul Fearing, Washington county.
William Go forth, Hamilton "
William McMillan, " "

John Smith, " "

John Ludlow, ' " "

Robert Benham, " "

Aaron Caldwell, " "

Isaac Martin, " "

Shadrack Bond, St. Clair "

John Small, Knox "

John Edgar, Randolph county.

Solomon Sibley, Wayne " •

Jacob Visgar, " "

Charles F. Chabert de Joncaire, Wayne

county.
Joseph. Darlinton, Adams county.
Nathaniel Massie, " "

James Pritchard, Jefferson "
Thomas Worthington, Ross "
Elias Langham, " "

Samuel Findlay, " "

Edward Tiffin, " "

" The above named gentlemen met at Cincinnati on the 22d of Jan-
uary, 1799 and nominated ten men, whose names they forwarded to
the United States Congress, five of whom were to be selected by that
body to constitute the Legislative Council of the Territory. They
then adjourned to meet on the 16th of September, 1799.

" On the 22d of March, 1799, either the United States Senate, the
United States House of Representatives, or the President of the
United States (authorities are not agreed), chose from among those
whose names had been suggested to them the following gentlemen, to
compose the first Legislative Council of the Northwest Territory,
their term of office to continue five years, any three of whom to form
a quorum :

Jacob Burnet, of Cincinnati, Hamilton county.
Henry Vandenburg, of Vincennes, Knox county.
Robert Oliver, of Marietta, Washington county.
James Findlay, of Cincinnati, Hamilton county.
David Vance, of Vanceville, Jefferson county.

" The ordinance of 1787 named Congress as the authority in whom
was vested the right to select five from the list of ten persons to consti-
tute the Territorial Council. But it will be borne in mind that said
ordinance was passed by a Congress that legislated in pursuance of
the Articles of Confederation, while yet we had neither President nor
United States Senate, hence authority was given to Congress to make

180 A SKETCH OF THE

the selection. But it is highly probable that the aforesaid authority
was subsequently transferred to the President, or to the Senate, or to
them jointly.

FIRST COUNCIL AND HOUSE OF EEPEESENTATIVES.

" Both the Council and House of Representatives met at Cincin-
nati, September 16, 1799, and effected a permanent organization. The
Council perfected its organization by the election of the following
officers :

President — Henry Vandenburg.
Secretary — William C. Schenck
Doorkeeper — George Howard.
Sergeant-at-Arms — Abraham Gary.

" The House of Representatives completed its organization by
electing as its officers the following gentlemen :

er of (lie iZowse— Edward Tiffin.
Clerk — John Riley.
Doorkeeper — Joshua Rowland.
Sergeant-at-arms — Abraham Gary.

" Thirty bills were passed at the first session of the Territorial Leg-
islature, but the Governor vetoed eleven of them. They also elected
William H. Harrison, then Secretary of the Territory, a delegate to
Congress, by a vote of 11 to 10 that were cast for Arthur St. Clair,
Jr., son of the Governor, then a promising young lawyer of Cin-
cinnati, and who then held the office of Attorney-General of the
Territory. The first session of the Territorial Legislature was prorogued
by the Governor December 19, 1799, until the first Monday of
November, 1800, at which time they reassembled and held the second
session at Chillicothe, which, by an act of Congress of May 7, 1800,
was made the seat of the Tentorial Government until otherwise
ordered by the Legislature. This, the second session of the Terri-
torial Legislature, was of short duration, continuing only until Decem-
ber 9, 1800.

" On May 9, 1800, Congress passed an act establishing the Indian
Territory, with boundaries including the present States of Indiana
and Illinois, and William H. Harrison, having accepted the office of
Governor of said Territory, it devolved upon the Territorial Legis-
lature, at its second session, not only to elect a delegate to fill the
vacancy occasioned by his resignation, but also to elect a delegate to

HISTOHY OF OHIO.

181

serve during the succeeding Congress. William McMillan, of Cin-
cinnati, was elected to till the vacancy, and Paul Fearing, of Marietta,

March, 1803, They were both reputed to be men of ability.

" By the organization of the Indiana Territor}^, the counties of St.
Clair, Knox and Randolph were taken out of the jurisdiction of the
ISTorthwest Territory, and with them, of course, Henry Vandenburg,
of Knox county. President of the Council ; also Shadrack Bond, of
St. Clair county ; John Small, of Knox county, and John Edgar,
of Randolph county, members of this popular branch of the Leg-
islature.

" On the 23d of November, 1801, the third session of the Terri-
torial Legislature was commenced at Chillicothe, pursuant to adjourn-
ment. The time for which the members of the House of Repre-
sentatives were elected having expired, and an election having been
held, quite a number of new members appeared. The Council
remained nearly as it was at the previous session, there being not more
than two changes, perhaps only one, that of Solomon Sibley, of
Detroit, Wayne county, who took the place of Henry Yandenburg,
thrown into the new Territory. Robert Oliver, of Marietta, Wash-
ington county, was chosen President of the Council in place of Henry
Vandenburg.

" The House of Representatives at the third session of the Terri-
torial Legislature was composed of the following gentlemen :

Ephraim Cutler, of Washington county.
William Ruf us Putnam, " "

Moses Miller, of Hamilton county.
Francis Dunlavy, " "

Jeremiah Morrow, " "

John Ludlow, " "

John Smith, " "

Jacob White, " "

Daniel Reeder, " "

Joseph Darlinton, of Adams county.
Nathaniel Massie, " "

Zenas Kiraberly, of Jefferson county.
John Milligan, " "

Thomas McCune, " "

Edward Tiffin, of Ross County.
Elias Langham,

Thomas Worthington, of Ross county.
Francois Joncaire Chabert, of Wayne

county.
George McDougal, of Wayne county.
Jonathan Schieffelin, " "

Edward Paine, of Trumbull county.

" The officers of the House during its third session were as follows :

Speaker of the Rouse — Edward Tiffin.
Clerk — John Reily.
Door-keeper — Edward Sherlock.

" The third session of the Legislature continued from the 24th of
November, 1801, until the 23d of January, 1802, when it adjourned

182 . A SKETCH OF THE SISTORT OF OHIO.

to meet at Cincinnati on tlie fourtli Monday of November following,
hut that fourth session was never held, for reasons made obvious by
subsequent events.

" Congress, on tlie 30th of April, 1802, bad passed an ' act to enable
the people of the eastern division of the Territory northwest of the
river Ohio to form a constitution and State government, and for the
admission of such state into the Union on an equal footing with the
original States, and for other purposes.' In pursuance of the afore-
said enactment, an election had been ordered and held throughout the
eastern portion of the Territory, and members of a Constitutional
Convention chosen, who met at Chillicothe on the first day of Novem-
ber, 1802, to perform the duty assigned them. When the time had
arrived for commencing the fourth session of the Territorial Legisla-
ture, the aforesaid Constitutional Convention was in session, and had
evidently nearly completed its labors, as it adjourned on the 29th of
said month. The members of the Legislature (eight of whom being
also members of the Convention), therefore, seeing that a speedy ter-
mination of the Territorial government was inevitable, deemed it
inexpedient and unnecessary to hold the proposed session.

" The Territorial government was ended by the organization of the
State government, March 3, 1803, pursuant to the provisions of a con-
stitution formed at Chillicothe, November 29, 1802, by the following
named gentlemen : Joseph Darlinton, Israel Donalson, and Thomas
Ivirker, of Adams county ; James Caldwell and Elijah Woods, of Bel-
mont county ; Philip Gatch and James Sargent, of Clermont county;
Henry Abrams and Emanuel Carpenter, of Fairfield county ; John
W. Browne, Charles Willing Byrd, Francis Dunlavy, William Gof orth,
John Kitchel, Jeremiah Morrow, John Paul, Jolm Reily, John Smith,
and John Wilson, of Hamilton county ; Kudolph Bair, George Hum-
phrey, John Milligan, Nathan Updegrafi:, and Bazaliel Wells, of
Jefferson county; Michael Baldwin, Edward Tiffin, James Grubb,
Thomas Worthington, and Nathaniel Massie, of Eoss county ; David
Abbot and Samuel Huntington, of Trumbull county ; EjDhraim
Cutler, Benjamin Ives Gilman, Rufus Putnam, and John Mclntire,
of Washington county.

"Joseph Darlinton, of Adams county; Francis Dunlavy, Jeremiah
Morrow, and John Smith, of Hamilton county; John Milligan, of
Jefferson county ; Edward Tiffin and Thomas Worthington, of Ross
county; and Eijliraim Cutler, of Washington county, were the eight
gentlemen of the last Territorial Legislature that were also elected
members of the Constitutional Convention."

CHAPTER XIII.

ADMISSION OF OHIO INTO THE UNION — POLITICAL HISTORY -
EARLY LAWS OF OHIO.

THE ADMISSION OF OHIO INTO THE UNION.

The mooted question as to the exact date of the admission of Ohio
into the Union, may be illustrated thus : A man knocks at my door;
I give the old-fashioned response, " come in." Now, is he in when I
say " come in," signifying consent, or is he not in until he comes in f
The enabling act, for the formation of the State of Ohio, was approved
April 30, 1802 ; the Constitution was formed November 29, 1802.
The act empowering tli'e State to execute laws, was not passed until
the 19th day of February 1803, and by which she was admitted and
fully recognized as one of the States of the Union.

POLITICAL HISTORY.

The first General Assembly under the State constitution, convened
at Chillicothe, March 1, 1803. The Legislature enacted such laws as
the new State required, and created eight new counties. The first
State ofticers elected by this body were, Michael Baldwin, Speaker
of the House of Representatives ; Nathaniel Massie, Speaker of the
Senate ; William Creighton, Jr., Secretary of State ; Colonel Thomas
Gibson, Auditor; William McFarland, Treasurer; Return J. Meigs,
Jr., Samuel Huntington, and William Sprigg, Judges of the Supreme
Court ; Francis Dunlavy, Wyllys Silliman, and Calvin Pease, Judges
of the District Courts.

The second General Assembly met the following December, which
passed a law giving to aliens the same proprietary rights in Ohio as
native citizens. Acts were also passed, improving the revenue system,
providing for the incorporation of townships, and establishment of a
board of commissioners of counties.

In 1805 Ohio gained possession of a part of the Western Reserve,
through treaties with the Indians at Fort Industry, and subsequently,
all the country of the Maumee was ceded to the United States.

One of the most stirring events of this year was the conspiracy of

183

184 POLITICAL iliSTORY OF OHIO.

Aaron Burr, whose bold and gigantic scheme for the dismemberment
of the Union and conquest of Mexico fully developed itself ; all under
the ostensible purpose of settling the Washita lands. At this period a
war with Spain seemed inevitable ; and Burr's plan was, to seize Mexico,
and with the aid of Generals Wilkir.son, Swartwout, Blannerhasset,
Davis Floyd, Tyler Sparks, and Smith, with an army of seven thousand
men, which would be strengthened as they proceeded on their way to
New Orleans, Yera Cruz, and finally to the City of Mexico. HapjDily,
through the exertions of United States Attorney Da vies, of Kentucky,
and a Mr. Graham, the scheme was discovered ; which led to the trial
and acquittal of Burr. IS'othing of great historical importance occur-
red from this time, until the smouldering fire of Indian hate and
revenge, which had for years been kindling under the eloquence of
Tecumseh and the cunning of the Prophet, his brother, broke out
in 1810.

Tecumseh had always claimed that the treaty of Greenville was not
binding because all the Indian tribes were not represented.

After various councils between General Harrison and the Indians,
all prospect of an amicable settlement was put to flight by open
hostilities. The Prophet and Tejcumseh had assembled an army at
Tijipecanoe, in what is now Cass county, Indiana, which the former
had, through conjuration and other means, inspired with a kind of
religious enthusiasm, which led them to expect certain victory over
the pale-faces, whom the Great Spirit hated. In 1811 General Harri-
son marched against them, and gained a decisive victory over them,
which broke the Prophet's power, and, for a time, secured peace to
the frontiers. During this year, the first steamhoat launched upon
western waters, made a trip from Pittsburgh to New Orleans.

The year 1812 found the Indians generally in their villages.
Tenskwatawa, the Prophet, like JEsop's braying donkey dressed in a
lion's skin, had proved himself a boasting liar, deserted by all his
band. But the indefatigable Tecumseh was ever active, and, though
the battle of Tippecanoe was fought without his knowledge, and
against his advice, and his plans for uniting all the tribes frustrated,
various depredations were committed, and several councils held, in
which Tecumseh always took a haughty part, until at last, in June,
1812, he went to Fort Wayne and imperiously demanded ammunition.
Ammunition was refused, and the agent made him a conciliatory
speech. Tecumseh replied that his "British father would not deny
him," and after a few moments' reflection, gave the war-whoop, and
lef* for Maiden- where he joined the English.

POLITICAL HISTORY Of OSlO. 185

In the same month war was formally declared between - the United
States and Great Britain, of which the West was the principal arena.
Opened by the disgraceful surrender of General Hull, by which
Detroit, Michigan, and the Canadas were ignominiously given up to
the British, followed by defeat in other directions, the national repu-
tation was only regained by a series of brilliant victories achieved by
gallant Croghan at Fort Stephenson, Oliver H. Perry on Lake Erie,
Harrison at the Thames, and the crowning triumph of Jackson at
New Orleans. In all of these glorious records Ohio's sons took a
prominent part ; scarcely a battle was fought, not participated in by
Ohio troops ; and the words of the immortal Miller, at Lundy's Lane,
" I will try, sir," still ring proudly in the ear of every true patriot.

In 1816 the State house and other public buildings, for the accom-
modation of the legislature and State officers, having been erected,
the seat of State government was removed from Chillicothe to Colum-
bus.

The first legislation relating to a canal connecting the Ohio with
Lake Erie, took place in January, 1817 ; no further steps were taken
until 1819, when the subject was again agitated, but not until 1820
was any tangible proof of the success of the scheme evident. On the
recommendation of Governor Brown, an act was passed appointing
three Canal Commissioners, who were to employ a competent engi-
neer and assistants for the purpose of surveying the route of the
canal. The action of the Commissioners, however, was made depend-
ent upon the acceptance by Congress of a proposition made by the
State for a donation and sale of the public land lying upon, and adja-
cent to, the route of the canal. By reason of this restriction, active
measures were delayed for two years.

In 1822 the subject was referred to a committee of tlie House, and
its feasibility having been strongly urged, James Geddes, of New
York, a skilful and experienced engineer, was employed to make the
preliminary examination and surveys.

After all the routes had been surveyed, and the proper estimates
laid before the legislature, that body passed an act, February, 1825,
providing " for the internal improvement of the State by navigable
canals." Immediately after, the State carried out the provisions of
the act, in excavating the present canal, which has been of so great
value to her commercial interests.

On the 4th of February, also, in 1825, the same act authorized the
making of a canal from Cincinnati to Dayton, and the creation of a
canal fund ; the vote in the House being fifty-eight to thirteen ; in

186 POLITICAL HISTOUT OF OSlO.

the Senate, thirty-four to two. On the following day, an act was
passed providing for a system of Common Schools.

During the previous year, the Miami University was established at
Oxford, Butler county, Ohio, deriving its endowment from a township
of land six miles square in the northwest corner of Butler county,
which had been located there in lieu of a township originally granted
by the United States, for the endowment of an institution of learning,
in Symmes's purchase between the Miamis.

The Black Hawk war of 1832, being local in nature, caused no
serious perturbation in the State worthy of note.

During the years 1836 and 1837, serious apprehensions of a civil
war were felt, arising out of the disputed southern boundary of Michi-
gan. The ordinance of 1787 provided that three States should be
formed out of the northwest territory, also giving Congress the power
to form one or two others north of an east and west line through the
head or southern extremity of Lake Michigan. This, at the time Ohio
was admitted, was construed to mean that the two said States were
not to extend south of the east and west line thus specified, which
would include Maumee Bay in Ohio.

Michigan disputed this construction, and when Ohio sent surveyors
to fix the line as thus defined, the Michigan territorial authorities
organizea an armed force, and drove them out, and stationed a military
party on the ground.

Commissioners were sent by the President to the disaffected parties,
urging them to await a decision by the proper tribunal ; and when
Michigan sought admission into the Union, she was required to
recognize the boundary as claimed by Ohio, which she finally did.

In 1837 and 1838, a rupture between the United States and Great
Britain was threatened by a revolutionary movement in Canada.
Among the States that gave aid and sympathy to this movement, was
Ohio, who sent a regiment under the command of Lucius Y. Bierce, of
Akron, which engaged the provincial militia in a severe • fight, and
eventually cut their way through Windsor, and escaped to Detroit.

In 1839, W. H. Harrison was nominated on the whig ticket, and in
the summer and autumn of 1810, a very exciting canvass ensued. It
was assumed that inasmuch as Gen. Harrison was an old pioneer, and
lived in a pioneer structure, that his latch string was always hanging
out, and that a perennial stream of hard cider flowed for all who
might apply. As a natural result there was a lively log cabin and
hard cider emigration to his home, and much consumption of spir-
ituous liquors, dissipation and drunkenness.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF OHIO. 187

N"o important events in the history of the State occurred till the
second constitutional convention in 1850 and 1851, which, among
other things, provided for the election of a lieutenant-governor.

At about this time Ohio had assumed the third rank in the Union.
Her population in 1830, numbered 937,903 ; in 1850, 1,980,329 ; in
1860, nothwithstanding a vast emigration to the west and Oregon, it
was 2,313,739. Agriculture and manufacturing industries were in the
]iig]iest state of prosperity; free schools gave to every child the means
of an education, and this was the prosperous condition of Ohio when
Abraham Lincoln was elected President.

In 1861, the seeds of rebellion sown by John C. Calhoun, sprang up
and dehigcd our country with a civil war the most devastating that had
ever torn through the entrails of any nation on earth. Through the
almost prophetic foresight of Gov. S. P. Chase, the militia of Ohio,
which had long previously been neglected, were reorganized, and the
old rusty cannon only used for Fourth of July celebrations, was brought
into requisition, an"d the small arms were brightened up, and in the
face of jeering opposition, companies were recruited and drilled in the
cities and towns ; and before his second term expired, he had the
pleasure of reviewing at Dayton, about thirty companies from different
parts of the State, which maintained their organization until consoli-
dated into the First regiment in 1861, participating in the war which
followed. As a natural sequence, the militia of Ohio were superior
to that of all other States.

Prior to the fall of Sumpter and the insult offered to our country's
flag, much political difference existed ; but the blood of Sumpter dis
solved all factions, and with few exceptions connected all in patriotism.
On April 18, 1861, a bill was passed by a unanimous vote of ninety-
nine, appropriating $500,000 to carry into effect the requisition of the
President. Said sum to be borrowed, and the bonds of the State free
from tax and drawing ten per cent interest to be given therefor.
Various bills were passed, viz : Declaring the property of volunteers
free from execution for debt during their term of service. Any resi-
dent of the State giving aid and comfort to the enemy, guilty of
treason, to be punished by imprisonment for life, etc. The wliole
State militia was organized. Arms or munitions of war were proiiibi-
ted from passing through Ohio to any of the disaffected States. The
legislature of 1861 nobly met the extraordinary exigencies imposed
upon it, and for patriotism, zeal, and cool judgment, proved itself
fully the equal of its successors.

In summing up the part taken by Ohio in the war, we can substi-

188 fOLITlCAt flISTOKY OP OHIO.

tute nothing better than the language of Whitelaw Reid : When Lee
surrendered at Appomatox Ohio had two hundred regiments of all
arms in the national service.

In the course of the war she had furnished two hundred and thirty reg-
iments, besides twenty-six independent batteries of artillery, five inde-
pendent companies of cavalry, several companies of sharpshooters, large
parts of five regiments credited to the West Virginia contingent, two
regiments credited to the Kentucky contingent, two transferred to the
United States colored troops, and a large portion of the rank and file
of the Fifty-fourth and Sixty-fifth Massachusetts colored. Of these,
twenty -three were infantry regiments, furnished on the first call of
the President, being an excess of nearly one-half over the State's
quota. One hundred and ninety-one were infantry regiments, fur-
nished to subsequent calls of the President, one hundred and seven-
teen of them for three years, twenty-seven for one year, two for six
months, two for three months, and forty-two for -one hundred days;
thirteen were cavalry, and three artillery regiments for three years ;
and of these, over 20,000 re-enlisted as veterans at the end of their long
term of service to fight till the close of the war. As original mem-
bers of, or recruits for, these organizations, Ohio furnished for the
National service the magnificent army of 310,654 soldiers. As com-
parison, we may say that the older State of Pennsylvania gave only
28,000 more, Illinois 48,000 less, Indiana 116,000 less, and Kentucky
235,000, while Massachusetts was 164,000 less.

Ah through the war Ohio responded in excess to every call, and
we may repeat with pride the words of her war governor : " If Ken-
tuck} refuses to fill her quota, Ohio will fill it for her."

Of these troops, 11,237 were killed or mortally wounded in action,
B,56H of whom were left dead on the field of battle. Within
forty-eight hours after the telegraphic call of the President in April,
1861, two Ohio regiments were on their way to Washington. An Ohio
brigade, in good order, covered -the retreat from the first battle of
Bull Run. Ohio troops formed the bulk of the army that saved to
the Union what subsequently became West Virginia. Also she took
the same active part in preventing the secession of Kentucky, the
same at Fort Donaldson, Island No. 10, Stone River, Chickamauga,
Mission Ridge, Atlanta, Fort McAllister, to the sea, and through the
Carolinas and Virginia. They fought at Pea Ridge, charged at Wag-
ner, helped to redeem North Carolina; laid siege to Vicksburg,
Charleston, Richmond and Mobile ; at Pittsburg Landing, Antietam,
Gettysburg, in the Wilderness, Five Forks, in front of Nashville and

EARLY LAWS OF OHIO. 189

Appomattox Court House, and Corinth ; " their bones reposing on the
fields they won, are a perpetual pledge that no flag shall ever wave
over their graves but the flag they died to maintain." Their
sufferings, their death, will ever be cherished and remembered by tlieir
grateful countrymen ; and, as evidences of the veneration in which
they are held, we behold the beautiful Home, near Dayton, and the
Asylum near Xenia.

Since the war Ohio has steadily advanced in agriculture, manufac-
turing, and in all commercial directions. Politically she stands in the
front ranks, and in the production of Presidents, her soil seems as
prolific as the Old Dominion. The Mediterranean State in geograph-
ical position, her advantages are fast making her the leading State in
our glorious Union.

EARLY LAWS IN OHIO.

To those who complain of the rigidity of the present law of our
State, a glance at some of the punishments inflicted in "ye olden
times " for petty offenses will soon dispel any such idea.

In those times, when the present State was governed by the Terri-
torial laws, the court house yards were invariably ornamented with
the pillory, stocks and whipping-post. The first law for whipping
was made by Governor St. Clair and Judges Parsons and Varnum at
Marietta, September 6, 1787, which provided that in case a mob were
ordered to disperse, and refused so to do, each person, upon con vie.
tion, should be fined in a sum not exceeding three hundred dollars,
and 'whipped not exceeding thirty-nine stripes, etc. •

The same penalty was inflicted for burglary, and, where violence
was used, forty years imprisonment and forfeiture of goods and
realty.

For perjury, or refusing to be sworn, sixty dollars fine, thirty-nine
stripes, and sitting in the pillory two hours.

For forgery, sitting in the pillory three hours.

For arson, thirty-nine stripes, put in the pillory, confinement in the
jail three years, and forfeiture of property, and in case death was*
caused by such crime the offender was punished with death.

If a child refuse to obey his or her parents, or master, on complaint
shall be sent to the jail or house of correction until he or she, or they
'■'■ shall humble themselves to the parent's or master's satisfaction;
and if any child shall strike his parent, he shall be whipped not
exceeding ten stripes.

190 EARLY LAWS OF OHIO.

■ For larceny, two-fola restitution, thirty-nine stripes, or seven yearg
labor.

For drunkenness, first offense, five dimes, and one dollar for each
"additional drunk," or sitting in the stocks one hour.

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

INTRODUCTION.

Cheops, Ceplirenes, and the mighty Sphynx, Obelisk of Cleopa-
tra, and ruins of Xochicalco, stand forth as monuments upon
which are engraven the mutations of time, the inevitable destroyer
of all visible nature, and products of art: into whose Lethean
gulf ancient Ilium, Nineveh, Thebes, and all the architecture of
distant ages have been plunged in eternal slumber. Nay, the very
stars shall cease to shine, the sun eclipsed in gloom, and all nature
swallowed up in oblivion. Nothing is immortal, save the soul,
which shall outlive the warfare of clashing elements and destruc-
tion of worlds. The flight of a single day is perceptibly impressed
upon surrounding nature. The faded flower, the withered tree,
both speak of something gone. Indeed, the flmty pyramids that
so long have opposed the blasts of the desert sands ; the tower that
for centuries has withstood the furies of old ocean's winds and
waves, finally must yield to the universal destroj^er — time — and,
crumbling, moulder to earth, and "doting with age, forget their
founder's name." Our lives are but an awakening, transition, sleep,
and forgetting. Yet notwithstanding these numerous evidences of
the general devastations of time, the soothing voice of resurrection
whispers all is not lost ; for —

" See dying vegetables, life sustain ;
See life dissolving, vegetate again ;
All forms that perish, other forms supply ;
By turns we catch the vital breath and die.
Like bubbles on the sea of water borne,
They rise, they break, and to that sea return."

We are. therefore, to believe that throughout the economy of
nature, by conservation and correlation, all things are preserved,

191

192 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

and what we call death is but transition ; for the book of nature
plainly teaches the perpetuity of all created things. As the one
grows old and dies, straightway in quick succession springs up the
new, nourished by the moldering remains of its ancestor. We,
ourselves, may pass away, but ere the eating canker begins its
work, closely follows youth again, our second selves. All things
new spring from and are nourished by things that have passed
away. Not one beauty of nature takes its flight, but in untold
centuries hence, by transition leaves behind the freshness of its
distant genesis. We should, therefore, preserve and keep fresh,
like flowers in water, the transitory fruits of the past, and bind
them upon the same stock with the buds of the present.

Through reminiscence we love to dwell upon pleasing objects of
the past, and calling them up we seem to gaze upon them one by
one as they in panorama pass before us ; meditate upon them, and
in imagination, live over again the happy days that are forever
gone. Our old and fond associates are once more mingling with
us; we enjoy again the life we have left behind; but break the
spell, the bubble bursts, and all melts into the past. So in our
dreams, the untrammeled intelligence revels amidst the material-
ized spirits of departed friends. We breathe again the balmy air
of youth, and through the endless chain of recollection, link to
link, as wave succeeding wave, we hold enchanting communion
with the past, and imbibe intoxicating draughts from the sparkling
fountain of youth, until we are in fancy transported to the happy
realms of the morning of life; and truly has it been said that the
mind can make substances, and people planets of its own with be-
ings brighter than have been, and give a breath to forms which can
outlive all flesh.

Decaying organisms are by process of petrefaction metamor-
phosed into everlasting forms, bearing exact identity with their
prototypes, through whose interpretation we are enabled to unlock
the profoundest mysteries of geognosy. If nature, therefore, has
bequeathed to us the key to her created forms, so likewise should
we receive, preserve, and keep fresh forever the history of those
who suffered so long, endured so much, in order to secure for them-
selves a resting place, and bequeath to us the beautiful homes we
now enjoy, undisturbed by any of the dangers that surrounded our
forefathers.

Let us, therefore, see to it that from the green pages of memory

INTRODUCTION, 193

they do not pass into tradition, and still fading, through laj^se of
time sink forever beneath the wave of oblivion. The labor and
embarrassments attendant upon, and research, and patience neces-
sary to the resurrection of moldy facts and ethereal traditions
which have so long slumbered in the matrix of obscurity, is little
realized save by those who undertake to write a history based upon
facts and traditions, w^hose genesis springs from the aboriginal
tribes that roamed at large throughout the winding labyrinths of
their own primival forests, beneath whose sylvan shades the pant-
ing deer lay down in peace ; amidst whose branches the winged
choristers built their homes, and chirped their matin songs, carol-
ing with angelic sweet and trembling voices, gently warbling with
the murmuring brook and rustling leaves below. The forest
patriarchs had not looked down frowning upon the white man's
cabin. They stood sentinel above the fragile wigwam of the paint-
ed savage, nestled alone within their sequestered shades ; within
whose folds the forest maiden gave modest ear to the love song^of
the dusky warrior, as he displayed the gory insignia of his prowess
which adorned his girdle, and sang the deeds of war and the chase,
and with equal ardor woos the maid, or scalps the captive, and
burns the victim at the stake,

ORIGINAL POSSESSORS,

While it would transcend our province to trace beyond prehis-
toric data the original owners of the territory now comprehended
within the limits of Fayette County, yet we deem it essential to a
perfect elucidation of its complete history that we utilize all the
facts within our grasp, and trace tliem until the line fades out in
myth.

Therefore, so nearly as can with clearness be ascertained from
chaotic masses of documents and traditions, we infer that the first
inhabitants belonged to the Algonquin family, the most populous
no doubt in the United States; whose language was comparatively
uniform throughout all the tribes and subdivisions, very complex,
yet capable of lofty flights of oratory, beautiful rlietorical figures,
and ill-adapted to light and trifling speech. Inasmuch as there is
a great deal of conflicting testimony in regard to the specific tribes
comprehended in this great family, we shall, in this connection,
state that the territory now called Fayette County, was originally

194 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ill the*possessiori of the Twigtwees, culled by the French Miamis,
leaving its full discussion to another part of the work. Cursorily
we may say, that at the time they were visited by Christopher
Gist, the English agent for the Ohio Land Company, in 1751, they
were superior in numbers to the Huron Iroquois, with whom they
were at deadl}^ enmity. Their country extended on the west as far
as the watershed between the Wabash and Illinois. On the north
were the Pottawatomies, who were slowly encroaching upon the
Miamis, who in turn were gradually extending their western limits
into Ohio, and absorbing the territory claimed by the Huron Iro-
quois ; and according to the best of authority, they were tlie un-
disputed claimants of Ohio as far as the Scioto.

It appears that the Piankeshaws, or Peanzichias-Miamis, a sub-
division of the great Twigtwee confederacy, owned or occupied the
southern part of Ohio, including the present territory of Fayette
County.

"The Wyandots, long prior to the advent of the English and
French, had resided in the territory now embraced in Ohio. In
the beginning of the present century they numbered 2,300 persons.
In 1841-2 they ceded their lands to the United States commission-
er. Col. John Johnston, and removed beyond the Missouri.

In about 1750 the Shawanoes came from Florida, under Black-
hoof, and as tenants at will of the Wyandots took possession of the
valleys of the Maumee, Scioto, Mad and Miami rivers.

From the fact that the ownership and occupancy of the soil re^
sided first in the Twigtwees, and subsequently in the Wyandots
and Shawanoes, it is diflicult to ascertain the exact date or dates
at which the Indian title became totally extinct (a full discussion
of which will be given in the body of the work).

Thus we have endeavored, in so far as possible, to disentangle
from the hetrogeneous mass of uncertainty, the original owners,
the extinction of the original title, and the final vesting of the
same in such a shape as to lay it open for individual purchase and
settlement.

POLITICAL AND MILITARY HISTORY.

This county, occupying a portion of the Virginia Military Reser-
vation, reaches hack in its poKtical history into early colonial times,
hefore the organization of the general government of the United
States, and when all the territory northwest of the River Ohio, ex-
tending west to the Mississippi, was clfiimed by Virginia.

In the years 1774 and 1775, before the Revolutionary War began,
the thirteen colonies then existing, so far as their relations to one
another were concerned, were separate, independent communities,
having, to a considerable extent, different political organizations
and different municipal laws; but their various population spoke,
almost universally, the English language, and, as descendants from
a common English stock, had a common interest^and a common
sympathy.

In the year 1773, on the 7th day of July, Dr. Benjamin Frank-
lin, then in England, w^rote an official letter to the Massachusetts
Assembly, strongly urging a general assembly of the representa-
tives of the people of all the colonies, that they might make such a
declaration and assertion of their rights as would be recognized by
the king and parliament of Great Britain. Pursuant to this advice
a congress, called the First Continental Congress, assembled at
Carpenter's Hall, in Philadelphia, on the 5th day of September,
1774, and remained in session until the 26tli day of October, fol-
lowing. A second Continental Congress met on the 10th day of
May, 1775. This congress, styled also the revolutionary govern-
ment, on the 4th day of 'July, 1776, published to the world the
Declaration of Independence, and on the 15th day of N"ovember,
1777, agreed to articles of confederation and perpetual union be-
tween the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode
Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Caro-
lina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

196 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Article I. recited tliat " The style of this confederacy shall be
The United States of America;" and Article II. that "Each state
retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every pow-
er, jurisdiction, and right, Avhich is not by this confederation ex-
pressly delegated to the United States in congress assembled."
These articles of confederation, thirteen in number, which defined
the powers and privileges of congress, and the rights of the several
states, after their adoption by each state, constituted the supreme
law until the adoption of the constitution in 1788. It was under
this confederacy that the great discussions arose concerning the
disposition of the public lands.

VIRGINIA.

The territory of Virginia, granted by the charters of King James
I., was very extensive. The first charter authorized a company to
plant a colony in America, anywhere between 34° and 41° north
latitude, embracing about 100 miles of coast line, and extending
back from the coast 100 miles, embracing also the islands opposite
to the coast, and within 100 miles of it. The second charter grant-
ed to the Virginia Company a much larger territory, extending
from Old Point Comfort (a point of land extending into Chesa-
peake Bay, a little to the north of the mouth of James River), 200
miles north and 200 miles south, along the coast, and thence with
a breadth of 400 miles, to the west and northwest, through the
continent to the Pacific Ocean. The third charter added to this
immense territory all the islands in both the Atlantic and the Pacific
oceans, within 300 leagues of either coast. By the treaty of peace
between France and Great Britain, in 1763, the Mississippi River
was made the western boundary of the British provinces. Thus
restricted, the territory of Virginia included all that territory now
occupied by Pennsylvania, North and South Carolina, Kentucky,
and all the land northwest of the River Ohio.

On the 29th day of June, 1776, just five days before the Declara-
tion of Independence by the United States in congress assembled,
Virginia adopted her constitution or form of government, in Arti-
cle XXI. of which she ceded the territories contained Avithin the
charters creating the colonies of Maryland, Pennsylvania, !N"orth
and South Carolina, to those respective colonies, relinquishing all
her rights to the same, except the right to the navigation of certain

VIRGINIA. 197

rivers, and all improvements that had been or might be made along
their shores. But this article affirms that "the western and north-
ern extent of Virginia shall in other respects stand as fixed by the
charter of King James I., in the year 1609, and by the published
treaty of peace between the court of Great Britain and France, in
the year 1763, unless, by act of legislature, one or more territories
shall be laid otf, and governments established west of the Alleg-
heny Mountains.'' The charter of King James I., referred to in
this article, was the second charter, so that now, on the sea coast,
Virginia was restricted to her present limits, but her western
boundaries were unchanged. She claimed Kentucky, and all the
northwestern territory.

Concerning this northwestern territory there were conflicting
claims. New York claimed a portion of it. Massachusetts also
asserted a separate claim, and Connecticut, by her grant from the
council of Plymouth, in 1630, was to extend westward from the
Atlantic Ocean to '■'■the South Sea,"" or Pacific Ocean. This would
take a large portion of the territory included under the Virginia
charter. These conflicting claims were never adjusted between the
states, but were finally settled, as will soon appear, by cession to
the United States in congress assembled.

In 1779 Virginia opened an office for the sale of her western
lands. This attracted the attention of the other states, several of
which regarded the vacant region in the west as a common fund
for the future payment of the expenses of the war for independ-
ence, in which the colonies had been engaged. This claim in be-
half of the United States was asserted on the ground that the
western lands had been the property of the crown. By the treaty
of 1763, France had ceded to Great Britain all her possessions in
!N^orth America, east of the Mississippi, and naturally these lands
would fall, on the declaration of independence, to the opponent of
the crown, that is, to the United States in congress assembled, and
not to individual states. It was contended, therefore, that it was
manifestly unjust that a vast tract of unoccupied country, acquired
by the common eflbrts and tlie common expenses of the whole
union, should be appropriated for the exclusive benefit of particular
states, while others would be left to bear the unmitigated burdens
of debt, contracted in securing that independence by which this
immense accpiisition was wrasted from Great Britain. These sepa-
rate claims by the several states were opposed by those states that

198 HISTORY OF Fayette county.

made no pretentions to claims, and they served, in a great measure,
for a time, to prevent the union under the articles of confederation.

On the 25tli day of June, 1778, nearly one year before the open-
ing of the Virginia land office, New Jersey made objection to the
confederation, on the ground that the public lands now claimed by
Virginia and other states, under ancient charters, should belong to
the United States in common, that each separate state might de-
rive a proportionate benefit therefrom.

Maryland instructed her delegates in congress not to sign the
articles of confederation, unless an article or articles were added
thereto, looking to a cession of the public lands.

The council of the State of Delaware, on the 23d day of Janu-
ary, 1-779, before passing a laAV instructing their delegates in con-
gress to sign the articles of confederation, resolved, that the state
was justly entitled to a right in common with the other members
of the union to that extensive tract of country westward of the
frontier of the United States, which was acquired by the blood and
treasure of all, and that it ought to be a common estate, to be
granted out on terms beneficial to the United States.

Such were the vigorous protests against the union under the arti-
cles of confederation, while Virginia was left a vast empire within
the confederacy, a power, as many supposed, dangerous to the
liberties of the smaller states; and when Virginia opened her
land office for the sale of her western lands, the excitement be-
came more intenseJ Congress, in opposition to the pretensions of
all the states claiming lands, as the common head of the United
States, maintained its title to the western lands upon the solid
ground that a vacant territory, wrested from the common enemy
by the united arms, and at the joint expense of all the states,
ought of right to belong to congress, in trust for the common use
and benefit of the whole union ; hence she earnestly recommended
to Virginia, and to all the states claiming vacant lands, to adopt
no measures that would obstruct the final cession of such lands to
congress. New York was the first to listen to the appeals of the
complaining states and to congress. On the 29tli of February, 1780,
she authorized her delegates in congress to restrict her western
border by such lines as the}' should deem expedient, and on the
20th day of December, 1783, Virginia passed an act authorizing her
delegates in congress to convey to the United States in congress
assembled, "all the right of this commonwealth to the territory

VIRGINIA MILITARY SURVEY. 199

northwest of the River Ohio." In this act of cession she made the
following reservation :

VIRGINIA MILITARY SURVEY.

"That a quantity not exceeding one hundred and fift}^ thousand
acres of land, promised by this state, shall be allowed and granted
to Gen. George Rodgers Clark, and to the officers and soldiers of
his regiment to be laid oif in such place on the northwest side of the
Ohio as a majority of the officers shall choose, and to be afterwards
divided among the said officers and soldiers in due proportion ac-
cording to the laws of Virginia. That in case the quantity of good
lands, on the south side of the Ohio, upon the waters of the Cum-
berland River, and between the Green River and the Tennessee,
wiiich have been reserved by law for the Virginia troops, upon con-
tinental establishment, should prove insufficient for their legal boun-
ties, the deficiency should be made up to said troops in good lands,
to be laid oif between the rivers Scioto and Little Miami, on the
northwest side of the River Ohio, in such proportions as have been
engaged to them by the laws of Virginia."

The land embraced in this reservation, between the Scioto and
Little Miami rivers, constitutes the Virginia Military District in
Ohio. The district comprehends the entire counties of Adams,
Brown, Clermont, Clinton, Highland, Fayette, Madison and Union;
and a portion of the counties of Scioto, Pike, Ross, Pickaway,
Franklin, Delaware, Marion, Hardin, Logan, Champaign, Clarke,
Greene, Warren and Hamilton.

Although this cession jtnd reservation was made in 1783, its defin-
ite boundary was not determined until a decision of the Supreme
Court was made in reference to it some time in 1824, The Scioto
was the eastern line, and A^irginia claimed the right to run the west-
ern line of the tract direct from the source of the Scioto to the mouth
of the Little Miami. Such a line would run considerably west of
some parts of the Little Miami. The source of the Scioto is in the
w^estern part of Auglaize County, and a straight line drawn from
this point to the mouth of the Little Miami, would have run entire-
ly west of Gi^enc County, and would have included in the Militar}-
District, a portion of Auglaize, Shelb}', Miami and Montgomery
c(^unties.

The Indian line established by the treaty of Greenville, between

200 HISTORY OF FAtETTE COUNTY.

the United States and certain Indian tribes, being a part of the
boundary of this military district, it is quite important that it be de-
scribed here. It begins at the mouth of the Cuyahoga and runs
south, up that river through the portage between it and the Tusca-
rawas, down the Tuscarawas to the northern line of Tuscarawas
County at its middle point; thence west, bearing a little south, form-
ing the northwestern line of this county to Holmes; passing
through Holmes County, it forms the eastern part of the northern
boundary of Knox. It then passes through the northwestern part
of Knox, through the middle part of Morrow, the southern part of
Marion, through Logan, forming the northern line of Lake and
Harrison townships, through Shelby County, forming the northern
boundary of Salem Township. From a point in the western part of
Shelby Count}' the line bears a little to the north of west, and ex-
tends through the southern part of Mercer County to Fort Recov-
ery, in the western part of the county; thence it extends in a
straight line south, bearing west through the southeastern part of
Indiana, to the Ohio River, at a point in Indiana opposite the mouth
of the Kentucky River.

In May 1800, congress passed a law for the sale of lands in the
western territory which were not included in the Virginia Military
District, and in the execution of this law the survej^or general
caused a line to be run from the source of the Little Miami toward
what he supposed to be the mouth of the Scioto, which is denomi-
nated Ludlow's line, and surveyed the lands west of that line into
sections as prescribed in the act of congress.

In 1804, congress passed a law concerning the boundary of the
Virginia Military District which enacted' that Ludlow's line should
be considered the western boundary line of the reserved territory
north of the source of the" Little Miami, provided the State of Vir-
ginia should within two years recognize it as the boundary of this
territor}'. Virginia did not accept the proposition, and the rights
of the parties remained as if nothing had been done. Again, in
1812, congress authorized the president to appoint three commis-
sioners to meet three other commissioners, to be appointed by the
State of Virginia, who were to agree upon the line of military re-
serve, and to cause the same to be surveyed. Should the commis-
sioners from Virginia fail to meet them, they were to proceed
alone, and make their report to the president. In the meantime,
and until the line should be established b}' consent, Ludlow's line

VIRGINIA MILITARY SURVEY. 201

should be considered the western boancLary. The commissioners
of the United States were met by those of Virginia, at Xenia, on the
26tli da}^ of October, 1812, and proceeded to ascertain the sources
of the two rivers and to run the Hue. They employed a Mr. Charles
Roberts to survey and mark a line from the source of one river to
that of the other. This line is called Roberts' line, and is drawn
from the source of the Little Miami to the source of the Scioto.
The Virginia commissioners refused to accede to this, and claimed,
as has been stated before, that the line should be drawn from the
source of the Scioto to the mouth of the Little Miami. On the 11th
day of April, 1818, congress passed an act, declaring that from the'
Little Miami to the Indian boundary line, established b}' the
Greenville treaty, Ludlow's line should be considered as the west-
ern boundary of the military reserve. This, however, was the act
of only one party to the contract, and did not necessarily determine
the boundary. But the subsequent decision of the Supreme Court
of the LTnited States, made in 1824, based upon the language in the
act of cession defining the phrase, "good lands to be laid off between
the Rivers Scioto and Little Miami," to mean. the whole countr}-
from their sources to their mouths, bounded on either side by said
rivers. It would be clear from this decision that the most direct
line from the source of one to the source of the other would com-
plete tfie boundary. This decision of the Supreme Court practical-
ly settled the question, and the Ludlow line to the Indian l)ound-
ary, and the Roberts line from the Indian bonijdary, together with
a portion of the Indian line itself, became the established boundary
line of the Virginia Militar}' District between the sources of the
Scioto and Little Miami rivers. The Ludlow line begins at the
source of the Little Miami River, in the ijortheast corner of Madi-
son Township, Clarke County, a little more than three miles cast by
north from South Charleston, at a point on the Columbus and
Xenia Railroad, about a half a mile southwest of the point where
the road crosses the county line, and extends north by west through
Champaign County, passing about live miles east of Urbana. In
Logan County, it runs through the eastern part of Bellefontaine,
and strikes the Indian boundary line in the northeast corner of
Harrison Township, about three and a half miles north by west
from Bellefontaine. From this terminus of the Ludlow line, the
Indian boundary line extends west by south along the nortliern
border of Harrison Township, about four miles, to the Roberts line.

202 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

This Roberts line begins abont one and a half miles east of the
northwest corner of Harrison Township, and extends north by west,
throngh the middle of Lewiston Reservoir, to a point in a swampy
or marshy region, abont a mile and three-fonrths south by east
from the center of Wayne Township, in the southeastern part of
Auglaize County. Here the line makes very nearly a right angle,
and extends in a direction east bj" north about two miles and a half
to the eastern limit of Goshen Township, where it terminates in the
Scioto River. The original Roberts line must have begun at, or
very near, the beginning of the Ludlow line, but its bearing was so
far to the west that it ran a little to the west of the Scioto's source.
The Ludlow line,,on the other hand, did not bear enough to the west.
It ran a little to the east of the source. It was proper, therefore,
that a part of both lines, in the absence of a- third survey, should
have been made the real boundary.

EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE OHIO VALLEY.

The spirit of adventure with which nature has endowed the hu-
man species, nowhere manifests itself so conspicuously as in those
men of iron muscle, resolute will and indomitable energy, who left
forever the abode of peace and plenty, and encountered all the dan-
gers aud endured the privations incident to the opening €>f new
homes in the solitudes of the untrodden wilderness.

A strange infatuation seems to impel man to seek new iields of
adventure, andthe greater the danger the stronger the impulse spems
to be to meet and conquer it. This, in conjunction with seductive
hope, though so often realizing the words of Pope, "that man never
is but always to be blessed," conduces very materially to the ad-
vancement of civilization, and when we take into consideration the
cosmopolitan nature of man, we need not wonder that no part of
the world, how wild and uninviting soever, remains inviolate.
It was this, coupled with cupiditj^, that led the cruel Pizarro to the
subjugation of the Incas of l^eru, Cortez to the bloody struggles
with the Aztecs, the conquest of Mexico and the extinction of the
Montezumas.

The beautiful scenery, fertility of soil and many other advan-
tages with Avhich nature had unsparingly endowed this charming
locality, early attracted the eye of the speculator; in addition to
which the country had been previously traversed by the soldiers in

VIRGINIA MILITARY SURVEY. 203

tlic early Indian campaigns, who, ol^scrving the hixnriant gl•o^vth
of vegetation and many natural advantages here presented, related
tabnlous accounts of the picturesfpie features offthe Indian posses-
sions. All kinds of fish abounded in the streams, along whose
banks many fur bearing animals made their homes, while the for-
ests teemed with deer, and the gobble of the wild turkey blending
inharmoniously with the drum of the pheasant and the shrill whis-
tle of the partridge might be heard in the woods from morning till
night. Here the hunter and trapper found a paradise. Here he
built his cabin and set his traps, and fished in the streams, and hunt-
ed in the forests. Ilere^lie roasted his venison, broiled his fish and
baked liis Johnny-cake. For all his pelts and furs, he found a
ready market at the English .trading house on the Great Miami,
and after its destruction in 1752, at Laramie's Store o;i the creek of
the same name, which was the emporium of trade throughout the
surrounding country until its destruction in 1782, by General G. R.
Clarke.

From the records of history it appears that in the settlement of
almost all countries the order seems to be : Fir«t, the soldier; sec-
ond, the hunter and trapper, tlie squatter, surveyor, and finally the
permanent settler.

The marks of edged tools on the trees in the Ohio Valley, give
evidence that this region, calculating from the subsequent growth
of rings, was visited by white men as early as IGGO, nine years prior
to the supposed discovery of the Ohio by LaSalle. Tradition also
imforms us that in the year 1742, one John Howard sailed down
the Ohio in a canoe made of a butfalo skin, and was captured* on
the Mississippi by the French. The French, however, as early as
1749, controlled the trade of this- country and sought to establish
their title by planting plates of metal at the mouth of every prin-
cipal stream emptying into the Ohio; one of which was found at
the mouth of the Muskingum, bearing date August 16, 1749, a
l>articular acecnint of which, by DeWitt C-linton, may l)e found in
Am. Ant. Soc, 535. But this puerile attempt utterly tailed; and in
the same year the English built a trading house on the Great Mi-
ami at the mouth of Laramie's Creek, called Pickawillany. The
French, jealous of English intrusion, erected a line of fortifications
along the Ohio and towards the lakes, and in 1752 demanded of
the Twigtwees the surrender of the trading post mentioned above,
which being refused, they, in conjunction with the Ottawas and

204 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

Chippewas, captured and destroyed it, killed fourteen Indians and
carried the English to Canada, and even burned some at the stake.
These traders wePe supposed to have been froni Pennsylvania, from
the fact that in Dr. Franklin's history of the same he mentions that
this State sent the Twigtwees a gift of condolence for those slain
in defense of Pickawillany. Although this battle was participated
in by two nationalities, no more serious results flowed from it than
a series of diplomatic maneuverings with a view to securing the
permanent possession of the debatable lands.

EARLY surveying:

As a matter of special interest, we shall give a brief description
of the manner of obtaining, locating, and surveying the territory
which we now occupy.

The military warrant upon which the entries were made, were
issued by Virginia as bounties to her oflicers and soldiers of the
continental line, as well as to General George R. Clarke and his
army, and which entitled the holder to the number of acres named
therein. These were filed with the principal surveyor, who was
paid for receiving them.

The first step towards obtaining land by warrant is by entry, or
the appropriation of a specified quantity of land by the owner of
the warrant. The next step is the survey, which designates the
land by metes and bounds. Surveys were returned to the chief
surveyor, with a plat of the land and boundary lines, signed by the
deputy surveyor, who executed it, as well as by the chainmen and
markers, which was recorded, and together with the sealed certifi-
cate of the surveyor and the warrant, were delivered to the owner,
who could then obtain a patent from the President of the United
States.

The plan of Massie in securing himself against surprises from
savages during his labors, is described by Colonel McDonald thus :

Three assistant surveyors, with himself making the fourth, were
generally engaged at the same time in making surveys. To each
surveyor was detailed six men, which made a mess of seven. Every
man had his prescribed duty to perform. Their plan of opera-
tions was somewhat thus: In front went the hunter, who kept in
advance of the surveyor two or three hundred yards, looking for
game, and prepared to give notice should any danger from Indians

EARLY SURVEYING. 205

threaten. Then followed, after the surveyor, the two chainmen,
marker, and pack-horse men with the baggage, who always kept
near each other, prepared for defence in case of an attack. Lastly,
two or three hundred yards in the rear came a man called the spy,
wliose duty it was to keep on the back track, and look out lest the
party in advance might be })ursued or attacked by sur[)rise. Eacli
man, tlie snrve^'or included, carried his rifle, blanket, and such
other articles as were necessary on such an occasion. On the pack-
horse was carried the cooking utensils and provisions that could be
conveniently taken. Nothing like bread Avas thought of. Some
salt was taken, to be used sparingly. For subsistence they depend-
ed solely on the game which the woods aftbrded, procured by their
own rifles. Thus was the larger number of the surveys nuide in
the Virginia district, and thus was the territory of Fayette sur-
veyed.

EARLY SURVEYORS.

In the winter and spring of 1787, Major John O'Bannon and.
Arthur Fox, two enterprising surveyors of Kentucky, explored the
Virginia reservation with a view to making entries so soon as the
law would permit. They traversed along the Ohio, Scioto and Mi-
ami rivers, as well as many of their tributaries. August 1, 1787,
Col. K. C. Anderson, chief surveyor, opened a land oflice, and short-
ly after large portions of the bottom lands of the Ohio, Scioto and
Little Miami were entered. These entries were in violation of the
deed of cession by whicli it was provided that the deficiencies of
lands southwest of the Ohio should be ascertained and stated to
congress. This prohibition was removed in 17^0, aud entries be-
came valid. This region was now greatly coveted, yet many difli-
culties were in the way — Indian wars, high price of lands, and ex-
orbitant prices required by surveyors.

The pioneer surveyor in this district was Nathaniel Massie, then
twenty-seven years old. lie had been in Colonel Anderson's oflice,
and was familiar with the details of the business. He had also
been in the West for six years. In 1790 he entered iuto an agree-
ment with certain parties for the settlement of Manchester. Col.
I\. C. Anderson, the principal surveyor of the Virginia military
lands, had control of the land warrants placed in his hands for en-
try by his companions in arms. A large number of these he gave

206 ■ HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

to Massie to survey and enter upon snch terms as he conlcl arrange
with holders. The dangers to be encountered and the desire to lo-
cate the best lands enhanced the value of his services, and he there-
fore was enabled to retain one-third or one-half of the lands lo-
cated, for his fees.

In 1793 he made an expedition to the Scioto, an enterprise beset
with dangers appalling to any other save the intrepid man who de-
termined to face them. Emplo^-ing about thirty men, and choosing
John Beasley, l^athaniel Beasley and Peter Lee as assistant sur-
veyors, and Duncan McArthur as chainman, he, in the mouth of
October, procured canoes, set out on the perilous undertaking, and
proceeded up the Ohio to the mouth of the Scioto, up that river to
the mouth of Paint Creek, where they began operations; and sur-
veys were made along the Scioto as far as Westfall, on the main
and north branches of Paint Creek, and lioss and Pickaway were
explored and partially surveyed. In 1793-4 he resumed his work,
and explored Paint and Clear creeks to their sources. It seems tliat
no surveys Avere made at this time, the sole object being to obtain
fi correct knowledge of the geography and topography of the
country. Having thus made himself acquainted with the country,
in the winter of 1794-5 he organized a strong body to prosecute the
surveying enterprise on an extensive scale. The same assistants
were again employed, and fully armed and equipped to contend
with the Indians if need be, the party set out from Manchester,
taking the route of Logan's trace, halting at a spot on Todd's fork
of the Little Miami, called the "Deserted Camp," where they began
surveying, moving along the Miami to Oldtown, in Greene Coun-
ty, from which they surveyed along Massie's and Cesar's creeks
•nearly to the present line of Fayette. It is said that during this
expedition, which was in the winter, the party were without bread
for thirty days. A pint of flour was each day given to the mess to
thicken the broth in which meat had been boiled. The snow fell
to the depth of eight or ten inches. When no immediate danger
threatened, these men assembled around the camp tire at night.
AYlien night approached, four tires — one for each mess — were made
for cooking, around which, till sleeping time arrived, the company
passed the hours in social glee, singing songs and telling stories.
When danger was not imminent or apparent, they were as merry a
set of men as ever assembled. Resting time arriving, Massie al-
ways gave the signal and the whole party would then leave their

FIRST SURVEYS. 207

comfortable fires, carrying tlicir blankets, firearms and baggage,
and walk in perfect silence two or three lumdred yards from the
old camp, scrape away the snow and hnddle down for the night.
Each mess formed one bed, spreading on the gronnd one-half of
the blankets, reserving the other lialf for covering, which were fast-
ened together by skewers to prevent tliem from slipping off. Thus
prepared, the wdiole party, with tlieir riHes in their arms and their
pouches for pillows, crouched down, spoon fashion, with three- heads
one way and four tlie other, their feet extending to about the mid-
dle of their bodies, one nearly solid mass, so that when one turned
all turned, or the close range would be broken and the cold let in.
In this way they lay till broad daylight, no noise nor scarce a whis-
per being uttered during the night. . When it was perfectly light,
Massie would call up two of the men in wliom he had the most con-
fidence, and send them on a reconnoitering circuit around the fires,
lest an ambuscade might have been formed by the Indians to de-
stroy the party as they returned to them. Thus were made the
original surveys, thus were the dangers met and overcome, thus was
the country wrested from the hand of nature and the initial steps
taken toward the perfect development of the present.

FIRST SURVEY IN FAYETTE COUNTY.

The first portion of land entered within the territoi-y of what is
now Fayette County, was a part of survey JSTos. 243 and 772 in one
ti-act, lying partly in Clinton, extending in a triangle into Fayette,
southwest of No. 6,623, in the southwestern part of Concord.

The next is a part of No. 428, extending into the extreme south-
eastern part of the count}-, and the first survey lying wholly within
the county is No. 463^ in the northern and eastern part of what is
tiow Madison Township, surveyed for Thomas Overton by John
O'Bannon, June 30, 1796 ; John Hamilton and Joshua Dodson,
chain carriers, and Edward Mosby, marker. This tract contained
1,333^ acres, and was a part of military warrant No. 44. It was lo-
cated northwest of the Ohio on Deer Creek, a branch of the Scioto,
"Beginning at three white oaks and an elm, southwest corner to
James Currie's survey (471) running east 320 poles, crossing Deer
Creek at 148 poles to a hickory and two black oaks, southeast cor-
ner to Currie, thence south 8, west 597 poles, crossing the creek at
174 poles to a stake, thence north 16, east 615 to the beginning."

208 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

NUMBERING OF SURVEYS.

Ill examining a map of the Virginia Military District, the irreg-
ularity of the surveys will be observed, while on the west side of
the Little Miami they are regular. All the public lands outside the
military district were surveyed regularly, according to act of con-
gress passed May 18, 1796. By this act a surveyor general was
appointed, whose duty it was, by himself and through deputies, to
survey the unreserved and unpatented public lands, by running
north and south lines according to the true meridian, and east and
w^est, crossing the former at right angles, so as to form townships
each six miles square, and sections each one mile square. On the
other hand, lands within the military district were not survej^ed
pursuant to any order of government at any particular time, nor in
accordance with any definite plan.

The land was entered by persons holding land warrants, issued
by the State of Virginia to her soldiers in the continental army,
and in the army of General George Rodgers Clarke. In the ma-
jority of cases the original owners of these Warrants did not them-
selves enter the lauds, but other parties purchasing them, in many
instances one person purchasing a number of them, located the
aggregate amount in one or more tracts in whatever part of the
territory he chose, provided it had not been previously entered.
It was necessary only that it should be surveyed by a surveyor reg-
ularly and legally authorized to perform this work. These sur-
veys were numbered in the order in which the tracts of land
surveyed were entered, the survey taking its number from the
entry. It frequently occurs that a survey having a higher number
was nuide at a much earlier date than that having a lower number;
but in every case the tract having the lower number was entered
first. Thus, survey No. 463 was surveyed June 30, 1796, while sur-
vey No. 932 was surveyed March 18, 1794, nearly two years prior
to No. 463.

By examining a map of this district, it will be observed, also,
that some surveys have several numbers. Thus: John Nichols,
Nos. 6281 and 6332, in Concord; Nos. 7267, 7657, and 7890, for

"Wallace; Nos. 6058, 6059, and 7250, for J. Hays, in the

northern part of Paint. In these, we observe in the first, two, and
in the two latter, three difierent entries, all surveyed into one tract.

FIRST SETTLEMENT UPON THE VIRGINIA RESERVATION. 209

Conversely, we also observe in many cases, the same number of
entry surveyed into two tracts. Thus, entry No. 669, (;f 1,000 acres,
was surveyed into two tracts, one of 600, for Daniel Clark, and the
other of 400 acres, for James Dougherty, found in the southern part
of Wayne Township. These were surveyed by j^athaniel Massie,
Itotli on the same day, March 13, 1795; returned to the land oftice,
examined and recorded, the former July 3, the latter July 4, 1795.
In looking over the old records of these surveys, two dates will
be noticed; for instance, in No. 463, June 30, 1796, July 8, 1796.
The survey wlieu made was dated, then returned to the land office,
examined, and recorded at the time of the second date.

FIRST SETTLEMENT UPON THE VIRGINIA RESERVATION.

In the winter of 1790, Nathaniel Massie, in order to be in the
center of his surveying operations, determined to make a settlement
within the reservation. Accordingly, he olfered each of the first
twenty -live families in Kentucky, one in and one out lot, and one;
hundred acres of land, provided they would settle in a town he in-
tended laying off. To this proposition more than thirty families
acceded. After some consultation, the bottom on the Ohio, oppo-
site the lower of the Three Islands, was chosen, the station fixed
and laid off into lots, which i.s now known as Manchester, in
Adams County, about twelve; miles above Maysville, Kentucky.
The only neighboring settlements at this time were Columbia, be-
low the mouth of the Little Miami, eight miles from Cincinnati,
and the French settlement of Gallipolis, near the mouth of the
Creat Kanawha.

In the spring of 1795 an abortive attempt to locate a town in
this valley, was made by Nathaniel Massie. In ]SIarch, 1796, %n-
otlier party, under the same leader — some going by way of the
Ohio, and up the Scioto in boats, while others went by land — met
at what is since known as Dutch Station, at the mouth of Paint
Creek, and, and on the first of April they began to erect cabins
and plant their crops. In the meantime, Massie had selected a
location for the town on a large tract of land owned by himself,
and containing two hundred and eighty-seven in and one hundred
and sixty-nine out lots. After the boundaries of the lots, streets,
and alleys were defined by blazing the trees, the embryo city was
named Chilli cotlie.

210 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

CAPTURE OF ANDREW ELLISON.

One beautiful spring morning a thrilling incident occurred in
the little station of Manchester, which threw the settlement into
consternation ; and as the parties concerned belonged to and pass-
ed through this region of country, and likely from the route taken
through this comity, we insert it here :

One morning Ellison Avent out from the fort to throw some logs to-
gether in his little clearing, which he had been burning. When he
had about finished, and the heaps began to blaze, he observed, while
passing from one to the other, three men approaching him. Sup-
posing them to be some of his neighbors he paid no attention
to them, although, said he, "they were dark-skinned fellows, I
thought they were the Wades, who were dark skinned, going out
early to hunt." He continued his work until one of them seized
him by the arms and said in broken English, " How do ; how do,
broder ?" He immediately whirled, and on facing them to his hor-
ror found himself in the clutches of three stalwart Indians. Re-
sistance was both useless and dangerous. He therefore quietly
submitted to his fate. They hurridly moved off with him in the
direction of Paint Creek. In the meantime his breakfast was
ready at his cabin, and his wife sent one 6f the children to sum-
mons him. The little fellow searched for his father, but came back
without finding him. Supposing he had gone out to kill a deer,
no immediate alarm was caused by his absence. Dinner time ar-
rived, and his continued absence caused unneasiness to his now
anxious wife. His rifle was found hanging in its accustomed place.
The alarm increasing, a search was instituted, and the tracks of
foi*r men, one of whom wore shoes, was found, leading away from
the station, and the awful truth burst upon the poor wife and
mother that her husband was a prisoner in the hands of the sav-
ages. It was nearly night when this discovery was made, and the
party returned to the station. Early the next morning Massie and
his party started in pursuit, which, owing to the scarcity of veg-
etation, and the percaution of the wily savages to keep on high,
hard lands, where their feet would leave little or no impression,
was slow and laborious. But Massie and his men were as unerring
as well-trained blood-hounds, and followed the trail to Paint Creek,
when finding the Indians gaining on them so rapidly that further

LIFE IN THE WOODS. 211

pursuit was useless, they returned to the station. The Indians
took their prisoner directly to Upper Sandusky — evidently passing
through the territory of this county — where he was compelled to
run the gauntlet, and being large and clumsy he received a severe
flogging as he passed through the lines. After this he was taken
to Lower San'dusky, where he ran the gauntlet again ; then to De-
troit, where he was generously ransomed by a British officer, who
sent him to Montreal, whence he came home during the summer
of the same year.

LIFE IN THE* WOODS.

The following is from John S. Williams, in the Aynei'icaii
Pioneer:

"Immigrants poured in from dilFerent parts, cabins were put up
in every direction, and women^ children, and goods, tumbled into
them. The tide of immigration flowed like water through a breach
in a mill-dam. Everything was bustle and confusion, and all at
work that could work. In the midst of all this the mumps, and
perhaps one or two other diseases, prevailed, and gave us a season-
ing. Our cabin had been raised, covered, part of the cracks
chinked, and part of the floor laid, when we moved in on Christ-
.mas day. There had not been a stick cut, except in building the
cabin. We had intended an inside chimney, for we thought the
chimney ought to be in the house. We had a log put across the
whole width of the cabin for a mantel; but when the floor was in
we found it so low as not to answer, and removed it. Here was a
great change for my mother and sister, as well as the rest, but par-
ticularly my mother. She was raised in the most delicate manner,
in and near, London, and lived most of her time in affluence, and
always comfortable. She was now in the -wilderness, surrounded
by wild beasts, in a cabin with half a floor, no door, no ceiling over-
head, not even a tolerable sign for a fire-place, the light of day and
the cliilling winds of night passing between every two logs in the
building; the cabin so high from the ground that a bear, wolf,
panther, or an}^ other animal less in size than a cow, could enter
without even a squeeze. Such was our situation on Thursday and
Thursday night, December 25, 1800, and which was bettered but by
very slow degrees. We got the rest of the floor laid in a very few
days; the chinking of the cracks went on slowly,' but the daubing

212 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

could not proceed till weather more suitable, which happened in a
few days ; doorways were sawed out, and steps made of the logs,
and the back of the chimney w^as raised up to the mantel, but the
funnel of sticks and clay was delayed until spring. Our family
consisted of my mother, a sister of twenty-two, my brother, near
twenty-one and very weakly, and njyself, in my eleventh year.
Two years afterward black Jenny followed us, in company with my
half-brother Richard and his family. She lived two years with us
in Ohio, and died in the Avinter of 1803-4.

"In building our cabin, it was set to front the north and south, my
brother using my father's pocket compass on the occasion. We
had no idea of living in a house that did not stand square with the
earth itself. This argued our ignorance of the comforts and con-
veniences of a pioneer life. The position of the house, end to the
hill, necessarily elevated the lower end, and the determination of
having a north and south door added much to the airiness of the
domicil, particularly after the green ash puncheons shrunk so as to
have cracks in the iloor and doors from one to two inches wide.
At both the doors we had high, unsteady, and sometimes icy steps,
made by piling up the logs cut out of the wall. We had, as the
reader will see, a window (if it could be called a window, w^hen,
perhaps, it was the largest spot in the top, bottom, or side of the
cabin at which the wind could not enter). It wjis made by sawing,
out a log, placing sticks across, and then, by pasting aji old news-
paper over the hole, and applying some hog's lard, we had a kind
of glazing which shed a most beautiful and mellow light across the
cabin when the sun shone on it. All other light entered at the
doors, cracks, and chimney. Our cabin w'as 24x18. The west end
was occupied by two beds, the center of each side by a door, and
here our symmetry had to stop; for on the opposite side of the win-
dow, made of clapboards, supported on pins driven into the logs,
were our shelves. Upon these shelves my sister displayed, in am-
ple order, a host of pewter plates, basins, d;shes, and spoons,
scoured and bright. It was none of your new-fangled pewter,
made of lead, but the best London pewter, on which you could hold
your meat so as to cut it Avithout slipping, and without dulling your
knife. But, alas ! the days of pewter plates and sharp dinner knives
have passed, never to return. •

" To return to our internal arrangements. A ladder of live rounds
occupied the corner near the window. By this, when we got a

LIFE IN THE WOODS. 213

■floor above, Ave could asceiul. Our chimney occupied most of the
east end; pots and kettles opposite the window, under the shelves;
a gun on hooks over the north door; five split-bottom chairs, three-
legged stools, and a small 8x10 looking-glass sloped from the wall
over a large towel, and a pair of tongs, made in Frederick, with
one shank straight, as the best manufacture of pinchers and blood-
blisters, completed our furniture, except a spinning-wheel, and such
things a;S were necessary to work. It was absolutely necessary to
have three-legged stools, as four legs of anything could not all
touch the floor at the same time.

"The completion of our cabin went on slowly. The season was
inclement; we were weak-handed and weak-pocketed; in fact, la-
borers were not to be had. We got our chimney up breast high.
Our house never was daubed on the inside, for my sister, who was
very nice, would not consent to "live right next to the mud." My
impression now is, that the window w^as not constructed till spring,
for until the sticks and clay were put on the chimney, we could pos-
sibly have no need of a window, for the flood of light which always
poured into the cabin from the fire-place would have extinguished
our paper window, and rendered it as useless as the moon at noon-
day. We got a floor laid overhead as soon as possible, per-
haps in a month ; but when it was laid the reader will readily
conceive of its imperviousness to wind or weather, when we mention
that it was laid of loose clapboards, split from a red oak, the stump
of which may be seen beyond the cabin. That tree gree grew in
the night, and so twisting, that should each board be laid on two
diagonal I3' opposite corners, a cat might have shook every board
on our ceiling.

" It may be well to inform the unlearned reader that clapboards
are such lumber as pioneers split with a frow, and resemble barrel
staves before they are siiaved, but are split longer, wider, and
thinner; of such our roof and ceiling were made. Puncheons
were plank made by splitting logs to about two and a half or three
inches in thickness, and hewing them on one or both sides with
the broad-ax; of such our floors, tables and stools were manufac-
tured. The eave-bearers are those end logs which project over to
receive the butting-poles, against which the lower tier of clap-
boards rest in forming the roof. The trapping is the roof timbers,
composing the gable end and the ribs, being those logs upon which
the clapboards lie. The trap-logs are those of unequal length

214 HiSTOllY OF FAYETTE COtJNTt.

above the eave bearers, which form the gable ends, and upon which
the ribs rest. The Aveight-i>olos are those small logs laid on
the roof. The knees are pieces of heart timber, placed above the
bntting-poles successively, to prevent the weight-poles from rolling

off.

"The evenings of the iirst winter did not pass oiF as pleasantly as
evenings afterward. We had raised no tobacco to stem and twist,
no corn to shell, no turnips to scrape; we had no tow to spin into
rope yarn, nor straw to plait for hats, and we had come so late we
could get but few walnuts to crack. We had, however, the Bible,
Georo-e. Fox's Journal, Berkeley's Apology, and a number of books,
all better than much of the fashionable reading of to-day, from
which, after perusing, the reader finds he has gained nothing, while
his understanding has been made the dupe of the writer's fancy —
that while reading he had given himself up to be led in mazes of
fictitious imaginations, and losing his taste for solid reading, as
frothy luxuries destroy the appetite for wholesome food. To our
stock of books were soon afterward added a borrowed copy of the
Pilgrim's Progress, which we read twice through without stopping.
The first winter our living was truly scanty and hard; but even this
winter had its fehcities. We had part of a barrel of flour which
we had brought from Fredericktown. Besides this, we had part of
a jar of hog's lard brought from old Carolina ; not the tasteless stuff
which now goes by that name, but pure leaf lard, taken from hogs
raised on pine roots and fattened on sweet potatoes, and into which,
while rendering, were immersed the boughs of the fragrant bay
tree, which imparted to the lard a rich flavor. Of that flour, short-
ened with this lard, my sister, every Sunday morning, and at iw
ofhrr time, made short biscuit for breakfast; not those greasy, gum-
elastic biscuit we mostly meet with now, rolled out Ivith a pin, or
cut out with a cutter, or those that are, perhaps, speckled with or
pufi'ed up with refined lye called salaratus, but made out, one by
one, in her fair hands, placed in neat juxtaposition in a skillet or
spider, pricked with a fork to prevent blistering and baked before
an open fire — not half baked and half stewed in a cooking stove.

" In the ordering of a good Providence the winter was open, but
windy. While the wind was of great use in driving the smoke and
ashes out of our cabin, it shook terribly the timber standing almost
over us. W^e had never seen a dangerous looking tree near a
dwelling, but here we were surrounded by the tall giants of the

LIFE IN THE WOODS. 215

forest, waA'ing their bongbs and iiniting their brows over us, as if
in defiance of our disturbing their repose and usurping their long
and uncontended pre-emption rights. The beech on the left often
shook his bushy head over us as if in absolute disapprobation of
our settling there, threatening to crush us if we did not pack up
and start. The walnut over the spring branch stood high and
straight; no one could tell which way it inclined, but all concluded
that if it had a preference, it was in favor of quartering on our cab-
in. We got assistance to cut it down. The axeman doubted his
ability to control its direction, by reason that he must necessarily
cut it almost off before it would fall. He thought by felling the
tree in the direction of the reader, along near the chimney, and
thus favor the little lean it seemed to have, would be the means of
saving the cabin. He was successful. Part of the stump still
stands. These, and all other dangerous trees, were got down with-
out other damage than many frights and frequent desertions of the
premises by the family while the trees were being cut. The ash
beyond the house crossed the scorf and fell upon the cabin, but
without damage.

"The monotony of the time for several of the first years was
broken and enlivened by the howl of wild beasts. The wolves
howling around us seemed to mourn their inability to drive us from
their long and undisputed domain. The bears, panthers and deer
seemingly got miffed at our approach, or the partiality of the hunt-
ers, and but seldom troubled us. One bag of meal would make a
whole family rejoicingly happy and thankful then, when a loaded
East Indiaman will fail to do it now, and is passed off as a common
business transaction without ever once thinking of the Giver, so in-
dependent have we become in the short space of forty years ! Hav-
ing got out of the wilderness in less time than the children of
Israel, we seem to be even more forgetful and unthankful than
they. When spring was fully come, and our little patch of corn,
three acres, put in among the beech roots, which at every step con-
tended with the shovel-plow for the right of soil, and held it, too,
we enlarged our stock of conveniences. As soon as bark would
run (peel off) we could make ropes and bark boxes. These we
stood in great need of, as such things as bureaus, stands, wardrobes
or even barrels, were not to be had. The manner of making rope
of linn bark, was to cut the bark into strips of convenient length,
and water-rot it in the same manner as rotting flax or hemp.

216 HISTORY Of FAYETTE COUNTY.

When this was done the inside bark would peel off and split np so
fine as to make a considerably rough and good-for-but-little kind
of a rope. Of this, however, we were very glad, and let no ship
owner with his grass ropes laugh at us. We made two kinds of
boxes for furniture. One kind was of hickory bark with the out-
side shaved off. This we would take off all around the tree, the
size of which would determine the calibre of our box. Into one
end we would place a flat piece or puncheon, cut round to fit in the
bark, which stood on end the same as when on the tree. There
was little need of hooping, as the strength of the bark would keep
that all right enough. Its slirinkage would make the top unsight-
ly in a parlor now-a-days, but then they were cousidered quite an
addition to the furniture. A much finer article was of slippery
elm bark, shaved smooth, and with the inside out, bent round and
sewed together where the ends of the hoop or main bark lapped
over. The length of the bark was around the Idox, and inside out
A bottom was made of a piece of the same bark, dried flat, and a
lid like that of a common band-box, made in the same way. This
was the finest furniture in the ladies' dressiug-room, and then, as
now, with the finest furniture, the lapped or served side was turued
to the wall, aud the prettiest part to the spectator. They were
usually made oval, and while the bark was green were easily orna-
mented with drawings of birds, trees, etc., agreeable to the taste
aud skill of the fair manufacturer. As we belonged to the Society
of Friends, it may be fairly presumed that our band-boxes were
not thus ornamented.

"We settled on beech land, which took mucli labor to clear. We
coukl do no better than to clear out the smaller stuiF, and burn the
brush, etc., around the l)eeches, which, in spite of the girdling and
burning which we could do to them, would loaf out the first year,
and often a little the second. The land, however, was very rich,
and would bring better corn than might be expected. We had to
tend it with the hoe; that is, to chop down the nettles, the water-
weed, and the touch-me-not. Grass, coreless, lambs-quarter, and
Spanish needles, were reserved to pester the better prepared farmer.

" We cleared a small turnip-patch, which we got in about the
10th of August. We sowed in timothy seed, which took well, and
the next year we had a little hay besides. The tops aud blades
were also carefully saved for our horse, cow, aud two sheep. The
turnips were sweet and good; and in the fall we took care to

LIFE IN THE WOODS. 217

gather walmits and liickory-mit.^, which were ahiiiuhint. These,
with the turnips, which we scrajied, supplied the phice of fruit. I
liave always been partial to scraped turnips, and could noAV beat
any three dandies scraping them. Johnny-cake, also, when we liad
meal to make it of, helped to make up our eyening's repast. The
Sunday morning biscuit had all eyaporated, but tlie loss was par-
tially supplied by the nuts and turnips. Our regular supper was
mush and milk, and liy the time we had shelled our corn, stemmed
tobacco, and plaited straw to make hats, etc., the mush and milk
had seemingly decamped from the neighborhood of our ribs. To
relieye this difficulty, my brother and I would bake a thin Johnny-
cake, part of which we would eat, and leaye the rest till morning.
At daylight we would eat the balance as we walked from the
house to work.

"The methods of eating mush and milk were yarious. Some
would sit around the pot, and eyery one take therefrom for him-
self. Some would set a tal)le, and eacli haye liis tin cup of milk,
and with a pewter spoon take just as mucli mush from the dish or
pot, if it were on the table, as he thought would till his mcMitli or
throat, then lowering it into the milk would take some to wash it
down. This method kept the milk cool, and by frequent repeti-
tions the pioneer would contract a faculty of correctly estinuiting
tlie proper amount of each. Others would mix mush and milk
together.

"To get grinding done Ayas often a great difficulty, by reason of
the scarcity of mills, the freezes in winter, and drouths in summer.
We had often to manufacture meal [irlioi ire JkkI rnni) in any way
we could get the corn to pieces. We soaked and p(Minded it: we
shayedit; we planed it; and, at the proper season, we grated it.
Wlien one of onr neighbors got a hand-mill, it was thought quite
an acquisition to the neighborhood. In after years, when in time
of freezing or drouth we could get grinding by waiting for our
turn no more than one day and a night at a horse-mill, Ave thought
ourselves happy. To saye meal, we often made pumi>kin bread,
in Avhich, when meal Avas scarce, the pumpkin Avould so predomi-
nate as to render it next to. impossible to tell our bread from that
article, either l)y taste, looks, or the amount of nutriment it con-
tained. Salt Avas tiA'e dollars per bushel, and Ave used none in our
corn bread, Avhich Ave soon liked as Avell Avithout it. Often has the
SAveat run into my mouth, Avhich tasted as fresh and Hat as distilled

218 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COtJNTY.

water. What meat we had at first was fresh, and but little of that,
for had we been hunters we had no time to practice it.

" We had no candles, and cared but little about them, except for
summer use. In Carolina we had the real fat light wood — not
merely pine knots, but the fat, straight pine. This, from the bril-
liancy of our parlor, of winter evenings, might be supposed to put,
not onlj-^ candles, lamps, camphene, Greenough's chemical oil, but
even gas itself, to blush. In the West we had not this, but my
business was to ramble in the woods every morning for seasoned
sticks, or the bark of the shelly hickory, for light. 'Tis true that
our light was not as good as even candles, but we got along with-
out fretting, for we depended more upon the goodness of our eyes
than we did upon the brilliancy of the light."

INDIAN WARS.

In the country northwest of the Ohio, many tribes of Indiana
roamed at large through the primitive forests, imbued, by the in-
cursions of the white man, with feelings of bitter hostility towards
any further progress of his hated enemy, among whom were the
Deiawares on Beaver Creek, Cuyahoga and Muskingum, whose
towns contained about GOO individuals ; about 300 Shawanoes who
dwelt on the Scioto, Muskingum and adjoining country , the Twig-
twees, Piankeshaws and Miamis, dwelling along the Miami river
audits tributaries, all of whom looked with a jealous eye upon the
advancing tide of immigration, which was so soon to convert his
liunting grounds into waving fields of grain, and replace his wig-
wam by the more imposing structures of civilization. "We need not
wonder therefore, that upon every provocation, how slight so-ever,
his ever ready tomahawk sought its victim, his knife leaping from its
sheath to circle round the head of his eneni}-.

The rival claims of England and France for the possession of the
country, graduall}^ led to a long and bloody war, involving the colo-
nies and Indian tribes, who espoused the cause of the nation offering
the strongest inducement.

As early as 1749, the whole Miami valley became the arena of
sanguinary contention between the two nations and their Indian
allies, on both sides. The French rested their claims upon the ex-
plorations of Marquette and La Salle, actual occupation, and the
construction of the treaties of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aix La Chap-
elle ; while on" the other hand, the English claimed prior occupation,
a construction of the same treaties favorable to them, and direct ces-
sion by the Aboriginal owners. Their discovery conveyed no equit-
able ownership, however, and was disregarded by both powers. The
Indian title being totally ignored, led them to inquire : "Where
are the Indian lands, since the French claim all on the north side
of the Ohio, and the English all on the south side of it?"

219

2^0 HIPTORY OF FAYETTE COrXTY.

The English colonies were agricnlturalists, and of a permanent
nature ; while the French were mostly traders, soldiers, and mis-
sionaries. Tlius it followed, that the French hecame, through
miscegenation, more thoroughly incorporated with the Indian tribes,
and wielded a greater influence over them than the English; giving
rise to the old proverb, that the "French knew how to give gifts to
the Indians." Through her traders and missionaries, therefore,
France was familiar with all the Indian tribes before theEngHsh ex-
plored beyond the mountains. The French, perfectly cognizant of
the vast wealth of the new country, and the lucrative traffic to be
carried on with the Indians, were induced at an early period to es-
tablish a line of quasi military trading posts among the Indians on
the Ohio and its tributaries, and to preserve the possession so ob-
tained, they began the erection of forts extending from Canada to
Louisiana. To counteract this bold step of the French to possess
themselves of the country and its rich resultant emoluments. En-
gland gave to an association of gentlemen in Great Britain and Vir-
ginia, (under the title of the "Ohio Land Company") the privilege of
locating and holding in their own right and title, 600,000 acres of
land within the country then under contention between England and
France. In pursuance of this arrangement, according to Western
Annals, in the fall of 1720, the Ohio Company sent out Christopher
Gist with instructions to examine the passes, trace the courses of the
rivers, mark the falls, seek for the most valuable lands, observe the
strength, and conciliate the Indian tribes. Accordingly he visited
Logstown. Received with jealousy, he proceeded to the Muskingum,
found a village of Ottawas friendly to the French, and a village of
Wyandots divided in sentiment. Next he passed to the Shawanoes
towns on the Scioto, was assured of their friendship, then crossed
the Miami Valley, reporting that "nothing was wanting but cultiva- '
tion to make it a most delightful country." The land was secretly
surveyed, locations made in the most valuable sections, the Indians
were conciliated, and trading posts were established. The true
motives of the company were soon revealed through cupidity and
jealousy, and tlie French actually seized and imprisoned the English
traders, and estal)lished a line of military posts from Presque Isle to
the Ohio river. Following this, at the suggestion of Washington,
the Oliio Company erected a stockade at the confluence of the Mo-
nongahela and Alleghany; before the work was complete however,
they were dispersed by the French, who took possession of the place,
and erected Fort du Quesne. These hostile movements were follow-

INDIAN WARS. 221

ed by what is known as Braddock's war, which for a time checked
tlie settlement from l)oth countries.

The defeat of Braddock opened the flood-gates for the inroads
of the savages along the borders of the northwest, who murdered
and scalped the colonists in the valleys by the scores during the
years 1755, 1756, and 1757.

In 1758, expeditions were sent out to capture Fort Du Quesne.
On approaching it, the French set lire to it and retired. The En-
glish took possession, rebuilt it, and named it Fort Pitt, now Pitts-
burgh. This rendered feasible the scheme of Pitt for the reduction
of Canada. Predeaux was to attack Niagara, Amherst, Ticonderoga
and Crown Point, and Wolf, Quebec, which latter surrendered Sep-
tember 18, 1759, and gave Canada to the English. During this, the
tide of emigration was slowly pushing further into the frontiers of
Pennsylvania and Virginia, and traders once again entered the wig-
wams of the Indians, who anxiously watched the movements of the
two nations.

With the surrender of Fort Du Quesne and Niagara, open hos-
tilities between England and France ceased in the west. On the
8th of September, 1760, Canada was surrendered to the English.
On the fuilure of peace negotiations, France and Spain united to
check the advance of English power, which proving futile, a treaty
of peace was signed November 3, 1762, and ratified at Paris, Feb-
ruary, 1763, at which, to retain Havana, Spain ceded Florida to
England, and to reinstate Spain, France secretly ceded all of Louis-
iana west of the Mississippi to Spain.

While the casus bdli between the two nations was settled, the In-
dians, who had generally espoused the cause of France, were by no
means satisfied. In the breast of the Indian, the seeds of hatred
for the English, early sown by the French, took ready root, and,
nurtured by the same, grew into implacable animosity; therefore
the task of spreading her authority over the savage hordes of the
west, and securing peace to the colonies, was both difficult and dan-
gerous. Foreseeing the inevitable destruction of his peo[)le unless
the French were victorious, and the English driven from the soil,
in 1762 the great Ottawa chief, Pontiac, sent messengers, with
black wampum and red tomaliawk, to all the surrounding tribes,
notifying them that on a certain day a simultaneous attack would
be made on all the Enghsh posts, followed by a general onslaught
upon the whole border. Pursuant to this, a grand council was held
April 27, 1763, at the river Ecorces, at which Pontiac delivered a

222 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

fiery speech, appealing to tlieir superstition, their manhood, and
their hravery, and portrayed the wrongs they had suftered. The
chiefs hstened, and burned for revenge ; the day was set, and each
tribe eagerly awaited the bloody moment.

The history of Detroit, Major Gladwin, the l)eautiful Ojil^away
girl through her love revealing the plans of the Indians, the short-
ened guns, the entrance of Pontiac and his chiefs, their apprehen-
. sions at the bristling appearance of the garrison, the signal of the
wampum, the click of the revolvers, rattle of swords, and consterna-
tion of the baffled Indians, are well known to every school-boy, who
has laughed in his sleeve to see the Indians, who came in with so
much pomp, go out with so much humiliation. The mask was
thrown oif, and a furious attack began, but unavailing. ISTot so with
the other posts. At Fort Sandusky, St. Joseph, Oniatenon, Miami,
Presque Isle, and Mackinaw, they gained access under pretext of a
game of ball, called baggataway. Only one escaped from Green
Bay, Lieutenant Garell. Meanwhile war raged along the borders
with savage cruelty.

Colonel Bouquet was sent to the relief of Fort Pitt, then closely
beseigcd. Heaching Carlisle July 1, 1763, he found the people in a
panic, huddled together, and without provisions. After . eighteen
days spent in relieving them, he resumed his march toward Bushy
Eun, where he was suddenly attacked by an overwhelming force of
Indians. In vain did he charge, and drive them back. From be-
hind trees and rocks they poured in an invisible yet destructive fire,
until defeat seemed inevital^le. The genius of Bouquet saved them.
Two companies were ordered to fall back, as if retreating. Two
others were to lie in ambush. The Indians rushed upon the re-
treating column, when they received a heavy fire in flank, followed
by a bayonet charge, which totally routed them. This closed the
war during this year.

The next spring Pontiac again laid seige to Detroit. Bradstreet
and Bouquet were sent against him. The former was duped by a
pretended treaty. The same ruse was attempted upon Bouquet,
but he treated their delegates as spies, and informed them that if
they delivered all their prisoners in ten days, they might hope for
peace, otherwise he would show no mercy. His terms were instantly
complied with, and a permanent peace was established.

The appearance of security and immunity from danger which
succeeded this treaty of 1765, contributed to the advancement of
prosperity all over the northwestern frontiers. The necessity of con-

INDIAN WARS. 223

gregating in forts and block-houses no longer existing, each family
enjoyed the pleasures of its own fireside, undisturbed by apprehen-
sions ol danger from the bloodthirsty savage. No longer did they
cultivate their little patches in common, with tomahawks in theij"
belts, and rifles attached to tl#ir plow-beams. They could sow, ex-
pecting to reap ; and this feeling of safety increased their prosperity,
and encouraged others to join them. As a consequence, immigra-
tion flowed in, and settlements sprang up in the forests.

This peaceful condition of things, however, received a check in
1774, caused, in the main, by the gradual encroachment of the
whites upon Indian territory. This (Lord Dunmore's war), after
much bloodshed, was brought to a close, principally through tlie
agency of the celebrated chief. Cornstalk, after the decisive battle
of Point Pleasant, October 10, 1774.

This leads us up to the Revolution, when again the Indians, or,
as Lord Chatham truly said, the " horrible hounds of war, torturing,
murdering, devouring, drinking the blood of their mangled" victims,"
were let loose itpon the defenseless frontiers.

Inasmuch as the principal depredations in this war were commit-
ted in this region by the Shawanoes Indians, then located upon the
Scioto, Mad, and Little Miami rivers, a brief resume of their histoi^y
may not be uninteresting. The Shawanoes were known as the most
warlike nation of the great Algonquin family. This family seemed
to have possessed a language almost uniform throughout all the
tribes. The Algonquins are supposed to have numbered at one
time not less than 90,000. It is said that the language was very
complex, yet capable of loft^ flights of oratory, beautiful rhetorical
figures, and ill-adapted to light and trifling speech.

The Shawanoes were very nomadic, therefore their history is
somewhat obscure. We hear of them as early as the advent of
John Smith, 1607. They were then on the Susquehanna. In 1632
they were on the Delaware. The Swanee, or Suawanee River, in
Florida, derives its name from them. From these many conflicting
accounts, we are to suppose that originally they were one great
tribe, but, by war, became separated into subdivisions, which, after
many years wandering, were again reunited. We have an authentic
account from their noted chief, Blackhoof, who told Colonel John
Johnston, of Piqua, that he well remembered having bathed on the
Florida beach. It is evident that they came from the south, under
the leadership of Blackhoof, to the Miami Valley, and established
themselves, about 1770, in the neighborhood of the Little Miami,

224 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUXTY.

Scioto, and Mad Kiver vadeys. lu Lord Duiimore's war, the Slia-
wauues took aii active part, under the great and noble chief, Corn-
stalk. After his defeat hy General Lewis, he sued for peace, and
ever after was the firm friend of the whites, and by them Avas cme'ly
murdered, even while under their prWection on a mission of [leace.
It appears that about 1770 the Shawanoes made their headquarter.;
at Old Chillicothe (now Oldtown, on the Little Miami, in this county).
It was here that Captain Bullitt visited them, in 1773. It was hero
that Simon Kenton ran the gauntlet, in 1776. (Vid. Xenia Town-
ship.) It was here that Daniel Boone was taken, with twenty-seven
others, in 1778. (See, also, Xenia Townshi}>.) Having now nar-
rowed the horizon of our observations to that portion of territory
circumscribed by the Ijoundaries of Greene County, we shall proceed
more specifically to narrate the events that transpired within her
borders.

In the autumn of 1779, a number of keel-boats were ascending
the Ohio, commanded by Major Kogers. When they had advanced
as far as the Licking, they observed a few Indians flpon a sand-bar,
while a canoe, with three savages, was in the act of putting oft"
from the Kentucky shore, evidently to bring them over. Instantly
making his boats fast to the Kentucky shore, and cautiously lan'ding
his men, ke sought to attack them unawares, but was discovered,
furiously attacked, and his whole force almost totally destroyed,
only two or three escaping to convey the doleful tidings to the set-
tlements. As their capital, Chillicothe (now OldtoAvn), was within
reach of retaliation, an expedition, in 1779, under Colonel Bowman,
with Colonel Benjamin Logan second* in command, was littcd out
against the Shawanoes, to strike a blow at Chillicothe. They left
Harrodsburg in July, and took their preliminary measures so well,
that they arrived within a mile of Chillicothe without giving the
slightest alarm to the enemy.

Here the detachment halted at an early hour in the night, and,
as usual, sent out spies to examine the condition of the village.
Before midnight they returned with the intelligence that the
enemy remained unapprised of their presence in the vicinity, and
were resting in a state of unmilitary security. Upon the receipt
of this, the army was instantly put in motion. It was determined
that Logan, with one half the connnand, sliould march around the
town on the left, while Bowman, with tlic remaining forces, was to
make a corresponding movement (Hi the right. Both should gro[)e
their way through the woods with profound silence until tliey met

INDIAN WARS. 225

on the opposite sides, when the attack was to commence. Logan
having completed his part of the* maneuver, stationed his men be-
hind trees, logs, and stones, and awaited in silence and extreme
anxiety the preconcerted signal of attack. Hour after hour stole
away, and Bowman did not appear. At length the rays of the sun
began to peep over the hills and shoot across the valley. Logan,
still expecting the arrival of his colonel, more securely secreted his
men in the high grass and awaited the signal. No orders arrived.

In the meantime, while changing positions through the grass
they chanced to alarm a dog which was prowling around the vil-
lage. He instantly set up a vociferous baying, spasmodically ad-
vancing toward the men who had attracted his attention. Presently
a solitary Lidian left his cabin, advanced cautiously toward the dog,
frequently halting and raising upon his tiptoes, and furtively gazing
around him.

Logan's party lay close, scarcely breathing, anxiously hoping to
take him alive without giving the alarm. But at that instant a
gun was fired in an opposite quarter of the town, as was afterwards
ascertained, by one of Bowman's men, and the Indian, giving one
shrill whoop, ran swiftly back to the council house. Believing this
to be the signal for attack, and concealment now being impossible,
Logan's party sprang from the grass and rushed upon the village.
As they advanced they perceived a motley crowd of all ages,«and
both sexes, yelling, leaping and running toward the council house,
where they collected in full force, determined upon a stubborn re-
sistance. Logan instantly threw his men into the cabins, deserted
by the Indians, and rapidly advancing from hut to hut, at last es-
tablished himself within rifle-shot of the Indian stronghold.

IsTow listening impatiently for soun\is of the conflict which should
have taken place on the other side in co-operation with him, his
anxious ears detected no sound. All was silent in that quarter.
The Indians having recovered from their temporary panic, pourea
in a heavy and deadly fire upon the cabins that protected his men.
His position grew each moment more critical. He had pushed his
detachment so close to the redoubt that advance or retreat Was*
equally dangerous. The enemy outnumbered him, and indications
soon revealed a disposition to turn both his flanks and cut ofl:* his
retreat. Under these circumstances, ignorant of the movements of
his commander, and cut oft" from all communication with him, he
resolved upon the bold and judicious plan of forming a movable
l)rcastwork of the materials furnished by the cabins, and undej

226 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

cover of it rusli upon the stroughold of tlie savages aud carry it
by assault.

Had this bold plan been consummated, with the co-operation of
Bowman, the victory would no doubt have been complete, and
many subsequent outrages have been averted. But in its very in-
itiation a messenger arrived from Bowman with orders to retreat.
Astonished at such an order, when honor and safety required an
ofi'ensive movement, Logan hastily asked if " Bowman had been
overpowered by the enemy?" "!No." "Had he ever beheld an
enemy ?" " No." " What then was the cause of this extraordinary
abandonment of a design so prosperously begun?" He did not
know. The colonel had ordered a retreat ! Logan was reluctantly
compelled to obey.

"With militia, in the face of an enemy superior in force, a retreat
is almost certain to terminate in a demoralized rout, and this was
no exception. As soon as the order was made known, a most
tumultuous scene began, JSTot being sustained by that mutual con-
fidence— offspring of discipline — wdiich buoys up regular soldiers
under all circumstances, they no longer acted in concert. Each
man selected the time, manner, and route of his individual retreat.
Here a solitary Kentuckian would start up from behind a stump
and scud aw^ay through the grass, dodging and turning to avoid
the balls that whistled around him. There a do?en men would run
from a cabin and scatter in every direction, each anxious to save
himself, and none having leisure to attend to his neighbor. The
Indians, astonished at seeing men fleeing apparently from them-
selves, sallied out, pursued and cut them up as a sportsman would
a flock of geese. They soon joined Bowman's party, who, from
some unaccountable panic in their commander, or fault in them-
selves, had not stirred from the spot where Logan had left them
the night before. All was confusion. Some cursed their colonel ;
some reproached other oflicers ; one shouted one thing ; one bel-
lowed another ; but all seemed to agree that they ought to make
the best of their way home without a moment's delay. By great
* exertions on the part of Logan, ably assisted by Harrod, Bulger,
and Major Bedinger, of the Bhie Licks, some degree of order was
restored, and a tolerably respectable retreat commenced. The Li-
dians, however, soon surrounded them on all sides, and kept up a
hot fire, which soon grew fatal. Colonel Bowman appeared totally
demented, aud sat upon his horse like a pillar of stone, neither
giving ai7 order or taking any measures to repel the enemy. The

INDIAN WAKS. 227

sound of the rifle sliots had, however, restored the men to their
senses, and they readily formed in a large hollow square, took to
the trees and returned the fire with great spirit. The enemy were
quickly repelled, and the troops resumed their march.

But scarcely had they advanced half a mile when the Indians
reappeared, and again opened fire on the front, rear, and hoth
flanks. Again a square was formed, and the savages repelled ; but
they had not fairly resumed their march when the same galling
fire was again poured in upon them, from every tree, bush, and
stone capable of concealing an Indian. Matters began to look
serious. The enemy were evidently endeavoring to detain tliem
until fresh Indians should arrive, cut ofi" their retreat, and take
them all prisoners. The troops began to waver, and a' panic was
rapidly spreading from colonel to privates. At this crisis, Logan,
Harrod, and Bedinger, selected the boldest and best mounted men,
and dashing into the bushes on horseback scoured the woods in
every direction, forcing the Indians from their coverts, and cutting
them down as they ran from tree to tree. This decisive step com-
pletely dispersed the enemy, and the weary and dispirited troops
• continued their retreat unmolested, with the loss of nine killed and
several wounded. The Indians in this action were led by Black-
fish, the adopted father of Daniel Boone while he ^Y^s their captive.

The Indians, in retaliation for this, resolved upon the invasion of
Kentucky. In 1780, aided by their English allies, who supplied
them with men and artillery, they formed an army at Old Chilli-
cothe, and under the command of Colonel Byrd marched for the
settlements of Kentucky. Ruddles' Station was attacked,* and the
garrison murdered. Colonel Byrd, being unable to restrain his
savage allies, refused to go further unless all prisoners were de-
livered to him; which being promised, he led them along the val-
vey of the Licking five miles further, to Martin's Fort, where,
despite their solemn promise, the same atrocities were committed,
and, he, to his credit, refused to go any further. The Indians load-
ed their victims with the plunder of their own dwellings, and
started for their towns, and as the unfortunate prisoner sunk under
the weight the tomahawk was buried in his brains.

After the outrages committed by Colonel Byrd and his Indians,
it was determined to punish them by carrying the war into their
own stronghold, which was then Old Chillicothe, on the Little
Miami, in this county. We can give no better account than from
Bradford's notes :

228 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

" On the 2d of August, 1780, General Clarke took up the line of
march from where Cincinnati now stands for the Indian towns.
The line of march was as follows : The first division, commanded
by Clarke, took the front position; the center was occupied by
artillery, military stores, and baggage ; the second, commanded by
Colonel Logan, was placed in the rear. The men were ordered to
march in four lines, at about forty yards distant from each other,
and a line of flankers on each side, about the same distance from
the right and left line. There was also a front and rear guard, who
kept only in sight of the main army. In order to prevent confusion,
in case of an attack of the enemy during the march, a general order
was issued, that in the event of an attack in front, the front was to
stand fast, and the two right lines wheel to the right, and the two
left lines to the left hand, and thus form a complete line, while the
artillery was to advance to the center of the line. In case of an
attack upon either of the flanks, or side lines, these were to stand
fast, and likewise the artillery, while the opposite lines wheeled and
formed on the two extremes of those lines. In the event of an
attack upon the rear, similar order was to be observed a's in an at-
tack in front. In this manner the army moved on without encoun-
tering anything worthy of notice.

"About 2 o'clock on the afternoon of the 6th of August, they
arrived at the village. They found the town not only abandoned,
but most of the houses burned down, and burning, having been set
on fire that morning. The army encamped on the ground that
night, and on the following day cut down several hundred (proba-
bly two hundred) acres of corn (and every tree which bore any kind
of fruit was destroyed), and about 4 o'clock in the evening took up
their line of march for the Piqua towns, which were about twelve
miles from Chillicothe (in Clarke County).

" They had not marched more than a mile from Chillicothe, before
there, came on a very heavy rain, with thunder and lightning, accom-
panied by considerable wind. Without tents, or any other shelter
from the rain, which fell in torrents, the men were as wet as though
they had been plunged into the river; nor had they power to keep
their guns dry. It was nearly dark before the rain ceased, when
they were ordered to encamp in a hollow square, with the baggage
and horses in the center, and as soon as fires could be made, dry
their clothes, etc. They were ordered to examine their guns, and
see that they were in good condition ; to discharge them in the fol-
lowing manner : One company was to fire, and time given to re-load,

IIJDIAN WARS. 2£*9

when a company at the most remote part of the camp from that
which liad hred, was to discharge theirs, and so on, aUernately, nntil
all the guns were fired.

"On the morning of the 8th, the army marched by sunrise, and
having a level, open way, arrived in sight of Piqua, on the west
side of Mad Eiver, alDout 2 p. m. The Indian road from Chillicothe
to Piqua, which the army followed, crossed' Mad River about a
quarter of a mile below the town, and as soon as the advanced
guard crossed into a prairie of high weeds, they were attacked by
the Indians, who had been concealed there, awaiting their approach.

" The ground on which this attack was made, as well as the man-
ner in which it was done, left no doubt but that a general engage-
ment was intended. Colonel Logan was therefore ordered, with
about four hundred men, to file oft" to the right and march up the
river on the east side, and continue to the upper end of the town,
so as to prevent the Indians from escaping in that direction, while
the remainder of the men, under Colonels Flynn, Lloyed, and Har-
rod, were ordered to cross the river and encompass the town on the
west side, while General Clarke, with the troops under Colonel
Slaughter, and such a« were attached to the artillery, marched
directly toward the town.

" The prairie in which the Indians who commenced the attack
were concealed, was only about two hundred yards across to the
timbered land, and the division of the army destined to encompass
the town on the west side, found it necessary to cross the prairie to
avoid the fire of a concealed enemy. The Indians evinced great
military skill and judgment, and to prevent the western division
from executing the duties assigned them, they made a powerful
eftbrt to turn their left wing. This was discovered by Lloyed and
Flynn, who, to prevent being outflanked, extended the line of battle
west, more than a mile from the town, which continued, warmly
contested on both sides, until about 5 o'clock, when the Indians
disappeared, everywhere unperccived, except a few in the town.
■ " The field-piece, which had been entirely useless before, was now
brought to bear upon the houses, when a few well-directed shots
dislodged the Indians which were in them. From a French pris-
oner among them. General Clarke learned that the savages did not
expect the army to reach their tow^n so soon ; and that it was their
intention, had it not rained, to attack the whites with the knife and
tomahawk the previous night. The firing of the guns also deterred
them. It seems that the alarm was universal, and every village

230 HISTORY OF fAYETTE COUNTY.

was deserted. Occasionally, it is said, a solitary Indian wonld crawl
through the grass within shooting distance, deliver liiR fire, and
sink out of sight. The town was stretched along the banks of the
river for a long distance, and in order to surround it on the east,
Logan was compelled to march over three miles. In the meantime
the Indians concentrated their whole force on the troops under
General Clarke, and Logan never saw an Indian; hence, the great
loss to the whites, arid severity of the battle, which led to the re-
mark of Grirty, who drew off his three hundred Mingo warriors,
saying it was folly to fight madmen. And true ; the Kentuckians
fought with desperation, well knowing that if they were defeated
none would escape ; and the Indians, elated with success and thirst-
ing for blood, would fall upon the defenseless settlements of Ken-
tucky, and murder their wives, their daughters, mothers, and
children. The next day was spent in cutting down the growing
corn, destroying the cabins and food, and collecting horses. On
the 10th, the army began their homeward march, remaining in
Chillicothe over night, and destroying a field of corn that had been
left standing for their horses on their return.

"It is supposed that about five hundred acres of corn were de-
stroyed on this expedition, besides every other vegetable, and food
of any kind, to afford nourishment to the foe. Killing a few In-
dians only served to exasperate them, but destroying their suste-
nance struck at their vitals, and compelled them to hunt for support,
and thus the settlements were left in repose."

This state of immunity from Indian outrage lasted but two years.
In Angust, 1782, there was a grand council held at Chillicothe (now
Oldtown), composed of the Wyandots, Shawanoes, Mingoes, Tawas,
Potto watomies, Delawares, and numerous other tribes. In their
deliberations they were aided by those two fiends in human shape,
Girty and McKee. The Revolutionary War was virtually over,
and these disgraceful traitors and renegades feared the avenging
arm of Virginia, and had thus sought, for their own safety, to in-
stigate the Indians to murder the settlers of the surrounding country.

In pursuance of their plans, two armies, one of six hundred, the
other of three hundred and fifty, prepared to march to their assigned
stations. Toward the last of August, the army of redskins who
were destined for Kentucky, marched toward Bryant's Station,
placing themselves in ambush. But in their eagerness for blood,
they foiled their own scheme by prematurely firing upon a few
stragglers around the fort.

INDIAN WARS. 231

The Indians were repulsed by tlie garrison ; and receiving rein-
forcements from Lexington, Ilarrodsbnrg, and Boonesborongli,
pursuit was immediately commenced, and at the Lower Blue Licks
they first caught sight of the foe. From the signs on the trail, the
practiced eye of Boone detected evidences of a large force of In-
dians, and these, he concluded, were in ambush on the opposite
bank, and he advised a separation of the forces, and extreme cau-
tion. But the impetuous McGary, exclaiming, " Let all who are not
cowards follow me," spurred his horse into the river, and was fol-
lowed by all into the ambush, and the terrible result of his rashness
was the slaughter-pen of the Blue Licks.

An soon as Gen. G. R. Clarke heard of the disaster at Blue Licks,
he determined to chastise the Indians, and, if possible, destroy
them. To this end, he called for one thousand men, to be raised
from Kentucky, making their headquarters at Cincinnati, where he
was to meet them, at the head of a part of an Illinois regiment, of
which he then had command, bringing with Ixjm one brass field-
piece.

" The exultant savages had returned to Old Chillicothe, and had
divided their spoil and their captives. Colonel Boone was imme-
diately sent for to take part in this expedition. Clarke's army
crossed the Ohio, and marching very rapidly up the banks of the
Little Miami, arrived within two miles of Chillicothe before they
were observed. Here they discovered a solitary straggler, who in-
stantly fled to the village, yelling like a demon at every jump.
The troops pressed on with all possible speed, but upon entering
the town found it deserted. So precipitate had been their retreat,
however, that the enemy left the fires burning, pots boiling, and
meat roasting on sticks. This was a treat to the almost famished
Kentuckians, who, after full indulgence, proceeded to destroy the
town, corn, and everything tending to support the savage foe. It
is said that on the approach of the army, men, women, and children
fled to the forest, leaving everything behind them. Five towns,
during this expedition, were left in ashes, and the work of destruc-
tion was complete. This campaign so thoroughly crushed the
Indians, that no more organized raids were made against the sur-
rounding settlei^ents, and the termination of the Revolutionary
War left them to their own resources."

Numerous expeditions took place from this till the general out-
break in May, 1790. The militia, under General Ilarmer, attack
the Miami villages. Colonel Hardin is dcf^jated October 19th, and

^32 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COtNTY.

again on the 22d. May 15, 1791, St. Clair organizes liis army at '
Fort Washington, September 17th begins his marcli, and on Novem-
ber 4th is defeated.

From 1780 to 1791, the armies of Clarke, Harmer, and St. Clair
had marched through this section of the country. Here was the
favorite home of the Indians; their corn-fields, their stronghold,
their capital. Here were their councils held, their war dances per-
formed. From here they radiated on their missions of murder and"
rapine. Here was the hot-bed of Indian hostility. The triumphs
over Harmer and St. Clair incited the savages to renewed barbari-
ties. The frontiers were in continual apprehension of danger.
They would retire at night, expecting to awake in flames, by the
lurid glare of which the savages would be seen, waving the wreak-
ing tomahawk, bathed in the blood of their wives and their children.
General Wayne meets and conquers the Indians, after a severe
battle, August 20, 1794. This decisive battle virtually ended the
Indian trouble in the northwestern frontiers, and prepared the way
for settlement.

Eleven years prior to this battle of General Wayne, Washington,
seeing the difficulties that would necessarily grow out of individua.
settlements in the Indian country, on the 7th day of September,
1783, in a letter to James Duane, a member of congress, urged the
necessity of making the settlements more compact, and prohibiting
individual purchase of the Indians, even punishing all such pur-
chases, not made by congress or the state legislatures, as felonies.
To this end, congress did, on the 18th day of April, 1783, urge the
necessity of a cession of the western lands, and on the 13th day of
September following, stated the terms upon which it would receive
a deed from Virginia, to which she acceded, as we have seen, on
the 20th of December of the same year ; and on the 1st day of
March, 1784, the deed was made, and signed by Thomas Jefferson,
Samuel Hardy, Arthur Lee, and James Monroe, delegates in con-
gress from Virginia.

It was not deemed advisable to await the settlement of all ques-
tions of cession before taking steps to conciliate the Indians and
extinguish their title. On the 22d of September all purchases of,
or settlements upon, Indian lands were forbidden bf congress, and
on the 15th of October the commissioners to treat with the Iiulians
were instructed —

" To require the delivery of all prisoners ; to inform the Indians
of the boundaries between the British possessions and the United

INDIAN WARS. 233

States; and to negotiate for all the land east of the line proposed
by Washington, namely: from the month of the Great Miami to
Mad River (Dayton) ; thence to Fort IMiami, on the Maumee ; and
thence down the Manmee to the lake, etc."

It is believed the first treaty with the Indians extingnishing their
title to the lands comprising the present territory of onr connty,
was held at Fort Mcintosh, January 21, 1785, at which the United
States were represented by George R. Clarke, Richard Butler, and
Arthur Lee, and the chiefs of the Wyandots, Delawares, Chippe-
was, and Ottawa Indians.

The conditions of this treaty were, that three chiefs, one from
the Wyandots, and two from the Delaware nations, should be de-
livered to the commissioners, to be held until all prisoners then in
possession of the nations represented should be given up. The
boundary line between the United States and the said Indians, was
to begin at the river Cuyahoga, and run up that river to the port-
age between that and the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum;
then down the said branch to the forks at the crossing place above
Fort Lawrence ; thence westwardly to the portage of the Big Miami
which runs into the Ohio, at the month of which branch (Laramie's
Creek) the fort stood, (Fort Laramie) which was taken by the
French in 1752; then along the said portage to the Great Miami
or Ome (INIaumee) river; and down the southeast side of the same
to its mouth ; thence along the south shore of Lake Erie to the
mouth of the Cuyahoga, where it began.

At the treaty of Fort Harmer, January 9, 1789, between Arthur
St. Clair, Governor of the N'orthwest Territory, and the Wyandots,
Delawares, Ottawas, and others, the treaty of Fort Mcintosh was
confirmed; and in consideration of peace then granted, and the
presents they then received, as well as a quantity of goods amount-
ing to $6,000, which were delivered to them, they released and quit
claimed, and ceded to the United States all the land east, south,
and west of the lines above described.

Subsequently, by the treaty of Greenville, August 8, 1795, the
boundary lines of the two former treaties were confirmed, so far as
from the mouth of the Cuyahoga to the crossing place above Fort
Lawrence. "ThenCe," says this treaty, "westwardly to a fork of
that branch of the Great Miami River running into the Ohio, at or
near which stood Laramie's store." (Laramie's store, or Picka-
willany, was at the mouth of Laramie Creek, in Miami County,
but Fort Laramie was sixteen miles up the creek, in Shelby County,

^34 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COtlNTY.

evidently the spot mentioned.) Instead of running up tlie Mau-
mee, — wliich was formerly called the Miami of the Lake, — and
along the southern shore of Lake Erie to the place of beginning,
the Greenville treaty line runs to Fort Eecovery, thence south in
a direct line to the Ohio, intersectiiag it opposite the mouth of the
Kentucky river. (See preceding pages.)

By this last treaty all other treaties were confirmed and ratified ;
and all the territory northwest of the river Ohio, east and south of
the above boundary lines, was ceded and relinquished forever by
the Indians, " And these lands, or any part of them, shall never
hereafter be made a cause or pretense, on jthe part of the said
tribes, or any of them, of war or injury to the United States, or
any other people thereof.

" In consideration of the peace now established, and of the ces-
sions and relinquishment of lands made in the preceding article by
the said tribes of Indians, and to manifest the liberality of the
United States, as the great means of rendering this peace strong
and perpetual, the United States now deliver to the said Indian
tribes a quantity of goods to the value of twenty thousand dollars,
the receipt whereof they do hereby acknowledge ; and hencefor-
ward, every year, forever, the United States will deliver, at some
convenient place northward of the river Ohio, like useful goods,
suited to the circumstances of the Indians, of the value of nine
thousand five hundred dollars; reckoning that value at the firsi
cost of the goods" in the city or place in the United States where
they shall be procured. The tribes to which these goods are to be
annually delivered, and the proportions in which they are to be
delivered, are the following:

" To the Wyandots, the amount of one thousand dollars.

" To the Delawares, the amount of one thousand dollars.

" To the Shawanoes, the amount of one thousand dollars.

" To the Miamis, the amount of one thousand dollars.

" To the Ottawas, the amount of one thousand dollars.

" To the Chippewas, the amount of one thousand dollars.

" To the Pottawat amies, the amount of one thousand dollars.

" And to the Kickapoo, Wea, Eel River, Piankeshaw, and Kas-
kaskia tribes, the amount of five hundred dollars each.

" To prevent any misunderstanding about the Indian lands re-
linquished by the United States, in the fourth article, it is now
explicitly declared that the meaning of that relinquishment is this :
The Indian tribes who have a right to these lands are quietly to

INDIAN WARS ^35

enjoy them, hunting, planting and dwelling thereon, so long as
they please, without any molestation from the United States. But
when those tribes, or any of them, shall be disposed to sell their
lands, or any part of them, they are to be sold only to the United
States ; and until such sale, the United States will protect all the
said Indian tribes in the quiet enjoyment of their lands against all
citizens of the United States; and against all other white persons
who intrude upon the same. 'And the said Indians again acknowl-
edge themselves to be under the protection of the United States,
and no other power whatever.

" The Indians, or the United States, may remove and punish in-
truders on Indian lands.

" Indians nfay hunt within ceded lands.

" Trade shall be opened in substance, as by provisions in treaty
of Fort Harmer.

" All injuries shall be referred to law, not privately avenged ;
and all hostile plans known to either, shall be revealed to the other
party.

" All previous treaties annulled."

This great and abiding peace" document was signed by the
various nations named in the fourth article, and dated August 3d,
1795. It was laid before the Senate, December 9th, and ratilied
December 22d. So closed the old Indian wars of the West.

Thus have we endeavored to trace the history of our county,
from the original grant of King James I, April 10, 1606, to Sir
Thomas Gates, Sir George Sommers, Richard Ilackluit, and Ed-
ward Maria Wingiield, " adventurers of and for our city of Lon-
don," with various additions. May 23, 1609, and March, 1611, (vide
sup.) to its cession to the United States by Virginia, March 1,1784;
and on till its final conveyance by the Indians, under the treaties
above mentioned, which freed it from savage depredation, prepared
it for individual purchase and settlement, and cleared the way for
the advancing tide of immigration, which was rapidly moving
along the banks of every stream emptying into that great artery of
the northwest, the Ohio River, appropriately called by the French
" La Belle Rivier."

During the consummation of these various treaties, ranging from
the year 1785 to 1795, a portion of the country began to be sur-
veyed, (vide ante pages,) whieli was followed by purchase and
actual occupation. A company, composed of officers and soldiers
of the Revolution, was formed in Boston, March, 1786, with Gen.

236 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Rufus Putnam as agent, wlio, in the spring of 1788, with forty-
seven others from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut,
erected a stockade, and formed a permanent settlement known as
Marietta. In the winter of 1786, a Mr. Stites, of Redstone, visited
congress, then at IS'ew York, with a view to settling a tract of coun-
try between the two Miamis. John Cleves Symmes, then a mem-
ber from Hew Jersey, becoming interested in the scheme, and with
an eye to speculation, determined to make a personal investigation ;
the result of which was the purchase of one million acres between
the Miamis, in his name. Soon after, he sold to Mathias Denman,
and others, that portion which now forms the site of Cincinnati,
and in the fall of 1789 several families from New Yoi-k, ]S'ew Jer-
sey, and Redstone, descended the Ohio River in flat-boats, as far as
the mouth of the Little Miami. As the Indians manifested hostile
intentions, forty soldiers, under Lieutenant Kersey, joined them as
an escort and guard. They erected at first a single block house ;
soon adding to it, however, three others. Subsequently a stockade
fort was built on a spot now included within the town of Columbia.
In June, 1789, Major Doughty, with one hundred and forty regu-
lars, put up four block houses opposite the mouth of the Licking,
on the purchase by Denham of Symmes, and about the same time
built Fort Washington. Soon after, General Harmer arrived with
three hundred more troops, and occupied the fort. Assured now
of protection, Israel Ludlow, Denham, and Patterson, began the
erection of cabins along the river, and within range of the fort.
During the following winter Ludlow surveyed and laid out the
town of Losantiville. (A quadroon production of the Latin os,
Greek anti, and French ville, and L unknown.) When General St.
Clair came there to reside as Governor of the Northwest Territory,
he changed the name to Cincinnati.

In 1787 the reserved lands of Virginia were examined, and en-
tries made. In the following year congress protested the validity
of these claims, which, however, was withdrawn in 1790. In this
year Nathanial Massie entered into an agreement with certain per-
sons to survey these lands, and lay them open for individual pur-
chase ; establishing a town above Maysville, called Manchester, from
which they made surveying expeditions during the years from 1791
to 1796.

Symmes having oi-iginally contracted for two million acres of
land, and under this contract having disposed of portions of it to
settlers along the Little Miami, and vicinity of the present site ot

INDIAN WARS. 237

Dayton, his failure to pay for but two liundred and forty-eight
thousand five hundred and forty acres threw these purchasers to the
mercy of the federal rulers, until preemption rights were secured
to them by the act of 1799.

A few da3's after "Wayne's treaty, St. Clair, Wilkinson, Jonathan
Dayton, and Israel Ludlow, purchased the seventh and eighth
ranges of Symmes, between Mad River and the Little Miami. On
the 21st of September, 1795, Daniel C. Cooper undertook to mark
out and survey a road on these lands, which was completed by John
Dunlap, October 4th, the same year. November 4th, Israel Ludlow
laid off Dayton, and the lots were disposed of by raffle.

As the Indians receded, the bold and adventurous pioneers fol-
lowed closely in their wake. Radiating from their stronghold,
they assembled in groups, and put out their little patches of corn ;
and shooting out in diiferent directions, the little settlements spread
toward all points of the compass, until in passing through the
dense forest, the lonely cabin was frequently to be met with, and
the smoke might be seen curling up through the closely intertwin-
ing branches of the patriarchal oaks. ,

ORGANIZATION AND BOUNDARY.

Thoroughly to comprehend the institution and boundary of Fay-
ette, it will be necessary to trace the territory from which it was
taken.

July 27, 1788, Washington County was formed under the terri-
torial government, and included all that part of Ohio east of a line
drawn from Cleveland, up the Cuyahoga, down the Tuscarawas ;
thence west to the road from tlie Shawanoes town on the Scioto to
Sandusky; thence south to and down the Scioto to its mouth.

January 2, 1790, Hamilton was organizecl, embracing the terri-
tory between the two Miamis, as far north from the Ohio as the
"standing stone forks" of the Big Miami. June 22, 1798, it was
changed so as to include all that part of Indiana lying between the
Greenville treaty line, and the western line of Ohio, and all that
part of Ohio west of the Little Miami, to the lower Shawanoes
towns on the Scioto, and extending north to the southern line of
Wayne.

The county of Wayne originally began at the Cuyahoga, ran up
that river and down the Tuscarawas to the portage above Ft. Law-
rence; thence west to the east line of Hamilton; ^thence west,
northerl}^ to the portage of the Miami and St. Marys; thence
west, northerly, to the poi'tage of the Wabash and Maumee, where
Ft. Wayne now is, extending to the southern point of Lake Michi-
gan; thence along its western shore to the northwest part; thence
north to the territorial boundary in Lake Superior, and with the
said boundary through lakes Huron, Sinclair, and Erie, to the
place of beginning.

Ross County was established August 20, 1792. " Beginning at

the forty-second mile tree, on the line of the original grant of land

by the United States to the Ohio Company, which line was run by

Israel Ludlow." This " forty-second mile tree " was forty miles

almost due north from Pqmeroy, on the Ohio River, and a little

distance southwest from Athens, in Athens County. From this

238

ORGANIZATION AND BOUNDARY. 239

point it extended west into the western part of what is now High-
land County, about ten miles southwest from HilLsboro; thence
r^prtli to the southern boundary line of Wayne County, described
above; thence east on said line, to a point on the present south-
ern^ boundary line of Wayne County, almost due south from
Wooster, and a very little east of the eighty-second meridiian
west longitude; thence south to the place of beginning. The
eighty-second meridian west from Greenwich is perhaps not more
than a mile west of the original eastern line of Ross County.

It will be observed that the original east line of Hamilton was
the Little Miami. Yet in the description of Wayne we find the
words : "thence by a west line to the eastern boundary of Hamil-
ton " (" which is a due north line from the lower Shawanoes towns
on the Scioto"). Also, that a portion of Hamilton, beginning at
the mouth of Eagle Creek, was attached to Adams.

Highland County originally began at the twenty mile tree, due
north from the mouth of Elk Creek, on the Ohio; ran east twelve
miles ; then northeastwardly to the eighteen mile tree from the
Scioto, at the intersection of Ross, Clermont, and Adams lines ;
"thence to the mouth of the rocky fork of Paint Creek; thence
up main Paint to the south line of Franklin County (now Picka-
way) ; thence with said line west to the east line of Greene County;,^
thence with said line south to the southeast corner of the same;
thence with the south line west, to the northeast corner of Cler-
mont (certainly Warren) ; and from the beginning west to the north
fork of White Oak Creek; thence north to the line of Warren
County ; thence with said line east to corner of Clermont and War-
ren." (This description is vague.)

Fayette was formed January 19, 1810, — took effect March 1st, —
from Ross and Highland. Beginning at the southwest corner of
Pickaway, running north " with the line of said county to the
corner of Madison ; thence west with said line to the line of Greene
County ; thence south with Greene County to the southeast corner
thereof; thence east five miles; thence south to the line of High-
land County; thence east with said line to Paint Creek; thence in
a straight line to place of beginning." All the lower portion was
taken from Highland, and the upper from Ross.

THE PIONEER.

The pioneers were limited in learning, but instructed in their
experiences, stern in their virtues, sturdy in their independence,
marked in their individuality, frank in their intercourse, hospitable
in their homes, fearless in danger.

Hospitality was a leading feature of the pioneer. The sick and
needy were as well cared for as they have been since. Faith,
Hope and Charity were organized. Indeed, these Christian graces
did exist at that, early day, and were made manifest in the good
deeds of the people towards one another, but the process of com-
bination came at a later period. There was a community of social
feeling, and nothing like aristocracy or assumed superiority on ac-
count of the possession of a few more acres or higher birth show-
ed itself. IS'othing of caste to mar the free intercourse of all on
the common platform of equality. It can not be disguised, however,
that there were persons who gained precedence on account of su-
perior intelligence, and who were looked upon as a kind of oracle
in the management of the social, moral and financial affairs of the
community in which they resided.

The social intercourse among the young people was of the most
pleasing nature. Though they met " on the level and parted on
the square," there were some of the young men more than others
cavaliers, and some of the ladies aspired to reign as belles of so-
ciety', yet there was no feeling of envy or jealousy ever engendered.
Modern balls and parties had not been introduced : indeed the
time was all too nearly occupied, both in the field and in the house,
to indulge in amusements.

There Avas meeting on Sunday, and the young people would al-
ways attend, either walking or going on horseback. The young
man would take his sweetheart up behind him on his horse, and
all parties would enjoy this mode of travel exceedingly. Young-
gentlemen w^ere then called boys, and the young ladies were called
girls.

THE PIONEER. 241

The means of transportation within the reach of the pioneer
were most simple and laborious. The ox-wagon, or possibly four
horses, when able to have them, conveyed the effects, while the
long journey from Virginia, Pennsylvania, or Kentucky, was per-
formed on foot; sleeping by the camp-fire or the wagon at night;
depending on the rifle oftimes for food; burying themselves in a
dense forest; cleaving by slow and laborious degrees a little spot
for a rude log cabin; surrounded by wild beasts and still wilder
Indians. Emerging from his cabin with his ax on his shoulder,
the sturdy woodsman might be seen. With keen eye he surveys
the forest round about in search of lurking danger, then —

" Loud sounds the ax, redoubling strokes on strokes ;
On all sides round the forest hurls her oaks ;
Headlong, deep-echoing groan the thickets brown.
Then rustling, crackling, crashing thunder down,"

The trunks were trimmed, the brush piled, and with the help of
neighbors the log-rolling took place ; and night was turned into day
when the surrounding forests were lit up by the leaping blaze of
the huge brush heap and the piles of logs.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF EARLY SETTLERS,

JOHN POPEJOY

Was one of the first residents of Washington; came in 1811, pur-
chased a lot and erected a log cabin thereon. Shortly after his ar-
rival he was elected justice of the peace. He was considered rather
eccentric ; made his legal decisions in accordance with his own ideas
of justice, regardless of the laws or testimony hearing on the case.
He kept no docket, but made a memorandum of all legal transac-
tions on a piece of paper which was placed in a crevice in his cabin.
He was a native of Virginia, and died in 1816 or 1817. He had two
sons, John and Edward. Both were extensive dealers in stock.
Edward subsequently removed to the far west; John died in this
county.

JACOB JAMISON '

Came to this county several years before its organization. Several
years after his arrival he purchased land situated about two miles
southwest of the village of Washington, at which place he resided
until his death. He was a good citizen, a kind neighbor, but un-
fortunately had an ungovernable temper. Shortly after locating in
the county, while living in its northeastern part, begot into a serious
difliculty with a neighbor, and was thrice stabbed in the breast with
a dirk in the hands of his antagonist. The wound inflicted was a
severe one and it was at first supposed that it was mortal, but after
being confined to his couch two months he recovered. He was
elected successively to the oflices of justice of the peace, collector,
commissioner and associate judge, serving faithfully and satisfac-
torily.

SAMUEL WADDLE, •

Judge Daniel McLean's step-father, was a Kentuckian by birth ; re-
moving to I^oss County, Ohio, from whence he came to Fayette, in

SKETCHES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 243

March, 1810, locating on a piece of ground four or live miles south
of Washington. -During the Indian trouhles of 1812, he engaged
in the defense of his country, being chosen major. In 1814 he re-
moved to Washington and two years later engaged in the mercan-
tile business, continuing in the same till his death, which occurred
in 1828. In 1814 he purchased seven lots in the town of Washing-
ton, for which he paid in cash |10,000. After his death the prop-
erty did not realize $1,000 outside of the dower set aside for his
widow. This instance is cited to illustrate the terrible depreciation
of property during that period.

JOHN DEWITT,

Who was one of the first settlers, was born in Clark County, Ken-
tucky. Accompanied by his uncle, Fredrick Bray, and his broth-
ers, Henry and Gabriel, he left his native soil and came to this
state, settling in Ross County ; this was in the year 1806. The
party traveled the entire distance on foot ; all Kentuckians were
great hunters and therefore good travelers. It is said that Henry
Dewitt frequently walked seventy-five miles in a single day. Dewitt
remained in Koss County two years and while there entered into the
bonds of matrimony with Miss Polly Barker. Soon after the mar-
riage the young couple removed to Fayette County, settling on land
located four miles southeast of Washington. Jesse, the youngest
son, is at present living on the original homestead. He purchased
a small farm at first but added to the same and finally owned sev-
eral thousand acres. This land was originally owned by Baron
ISteuben, McKay, Duncan McArthur and others, and is situated in
Wayne Township. In 1812 Mr. Dewitt volunteered to assist in de-
fending the Americans against the British and their allies, the In-
dians, and was stationed at Upper Sandusky, where he remained un-
til peace was declared. He was one of the first constables, was
then elected justice of the peace and held the position for many
years. He was considered one of the best hunters, hunting being
a favorite pastime with him. When the first court was established
in this county, the legal talent of Chillicothe were in the habit of
leaving their homes on the day preceding the opening of court,
travel to the house of Dewitt and remain over night ; there they
were always accorded a warm reception. Governors McArthur,
Allen and Thuriaaan, were frequent guests at his house. Ministers

244 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

of all denominations made his house their headquarters,. meetings
being held there. He was a member of the Baptist church, always
voted the Democratic tioket, and enjoyed good health until a short
time prior to his death. His union with Miss Barker was blessed
with eleven children : Eveline, intermarried with William
Orr (now dead); Jane, wife of James Allen, at present residing in
Missouri; Anderson, living at Washington, C. H., in this county;
Darlington, now a resident of Iowa ; Decatur, died at the age of
30 ; Kachel, married Wesley Prior, now living in Missouri ; Peter
G., on part of the homestead ; John, occupies a portion of the
homestead; Jesse, residing in the old house; Candice, intermarried

with Dr. Goldsberry, of Washington, this county; one' child

died in infancy.

JESSE ROWE

Left his home in Louisa County, Virginia, at the age of forty, ac-
companied by his family of eight children — four boys and four
girls — most of whom were married : he came to this state locating
temporarily at Frankfort, in Ross County. In the year 1808 he
removed to this county, settling on Wabash Creek, seven miles
south of Washington, where he purchased about fifteen hundred
acres of land which was divided amongst his children. It is said
of him that he was a very stout, hale and hearty man, being blessed
with good lungs and a loud voice. On one occasion several horses
strayed from a pasture-field, and two of the boys were directed to go
in search of them. When they were about three miles from the
house the horses returned. The old gentleman proclaimed this in-
formation to the boys, and though nearly three miles distant they
heard him and returned to the parental roof. He died in 1845.
The following sketch of his life was contributed to the Western
Christian Advocate, February 20, 1846, by John W. Keely, Esq.:

" Departed this life, at his residence in Fayette County, Ohio,
September 15, 1845, Jesse Rowe, senior, in the ninety-first year of
his age. He emigrated to Ohio in 1808, from Virginia, and for the
last sixty-three years was an acceptable and zealous member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. His house was long a preaching
place and a home for the wayfaring itinerant. The first Methodist
class formed in the county was at his house.

" He gave evidence of his love for religion and the church of his
choice, by his untiring eftbrts in promoting the cause of Christ, and

Sketches of early settlers. 245

sustaining the peculiar institutions of the chnrch. At his own ex-
pense he erected a very neat and comfortable meeting-house in his
neighborhood, and directed in his will that it should be deeded to
the Methodist Episcopal Church, by his executor, for the use of the
society worshiping in it. At the same time he willed to the stew-
ards of Washington Circuit, fifty dollars in trust to be invested in
some safe way at six per cent interest to be applied as follows :
Two dollars to be paid as cpiarterage, and one dollar as table ex-
penses annually.

"This old and much loved veteran of the cross lived to see the
fourth generation. He had nine children, forty-eight grand-chil-
dren, sixty-three great grand children and one great great grand
child. Many of these are following in his footsteps and imitating
his example. 'Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his
saints.' "

THOMAS GREEN

Was born in Hampshire County, Virginia, in the year 1784. In
1807 he was married to Margaret Jobe, and in the following year
the young couple, accompanied by a man named Jury and his wife,
removed to this state. They came in a four-horse wagon ; the
country was scarcely traversable, and frequently were they obliged
to cut their way through the almost impenetrable forests ; at other
times they constructed rafts that they might cross the many streams.
The party settled near Plillsboro, in Highland County, where they
remained until 1810, at which time the Greens removed to this
county, locating four miles southeast of Washington, on Buckskin.
Green was a member of the jury that was empaneled by the tirst
court ever held in the town of Washington. He hired a substitute
to go out in the war of 1812, but volunteered as teamster and
hauled supplies for the American arm3\ In 1816 he removed to
Greene County, thence to Clarke ; in 1826 he returned to this coun-
ty. He frequently hauled pork and produce to Zanesville and Cin-
cinnati, exchanging them for family supplies; being usually accom-
panied by Phihp Moore. Green was captain of a home militia
company for a number of years, and also justice of the peace of
Paint Township. He at one time owned about fourteen hundred
acres of land and was an extensive trader in cattle and hogs. His
wife died in 1840 ; he in 1871, aged eighty-seven. His son, Hamil-
ton, who was born in 1811, yet resides on the farm formerly owned
by Adam Funk.

246 HISTOR'S' OF FAYETTE COtJNTY.

COLONEL JAMES STEWART.

Perhaps none of the early settlers labored with more zeal in the
interest of the new county, or enjoyed a greater influence than Col-
onel James Stewart. With his father he came from Maryland, his
native state, in 1807. They purchased land in Eoss Connty — five
hundred acres — in Marion Township, where George Fullerton now
resides ; two hundred and fifty acres on the waters of Corapton's
Creek, and two hundred and fifty acres adjoining the latter tract.
They then returned to Maryland, and in 1809 came with the family
and settled in Ross County, near Frankfort. In 1810 James came
to this county and located on land adjoining Bloomingburg, where
his son George now resides. In 1812 he was appointed colonel of
a regiment which was made up of Fayette County men. They
were ordered to the frontier and participated in several engage-
ments. After the war he was appointed surveyor and was kept
very bus}^ by purchasers of lands. His brother Eobert was the
orio-iual director of the town of Washington, and upon his resig-
nation the colonel was appointed to fill the vacancy.

HUGH STEWARD

Was born in 1805 and at the age of five he came to Bloomingburg
to "carry chips" for his sister, who kept house for James. In a few
years he went back to Ross County, but in 1828 settled in Bloom-
ingburg, where he still resides.

PHILIP MOOR

Was a native of Clark County, Kentucky, where he lived until
1811, when he removed with his family, consisting of his wife and
nine children, to this state. The journey was made by teams, the
Ohio being crossed on rafts at Maysville, and was of four weeks'
duration. Adam Funk, who was a neighbor of Moor's before he
left Kentucky, purchased for the latter a part of the Hoof survey,
in Paint Township, containing three hundred acres, and paid
nine hundred dollars for the same. The family took possession on
the 1st of April, 1811, about one year after the first court had been

held in the same cabin they now occupied, then owned by

Devault.

SKETCHES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 247

JAMES KIRKPATRICK

Left Virginia in the year 1810, accompanied by his wife and two
chihU^en (one chikl was left behind), and William Young, his
brother-in-law. While yet on the other side of the Ohio River,
they fell in company with the Ray and Fifer families, who accom-
panied them as far as Madison County. The remaining members
of the party came to Fayette, and on Christmas Eve of the same
year arrived at the cabin of Solomon Soward, in Jefferson Town-
ship, where they remained during the winter. Upon arriving in
this comity, they stopped at the cabin of Captain Joseph Parrett,
and upon inquiring for Soward's cabin, were informed that it was
located about two miles further on, on Paint Creek. No road but
a bridle path led to the place, and they were compelled to leave the
wagons behind them. The next morning they returned for the
same, and found the goods (among which was a tin box containing
eight hundred dollars) unmolested. Indians frequently came to
Soward's, bringing deer hams, and exchanging them for corn meal.
The Virginians woi-e exceedingly anxious to see the camp of the
savages, and on the Sunday following their arrival, followed a
squaw, who had been at the house, to the encampment, which was
located on the high banlv of Paint Creek, on the Reuben Vesay
farm. The redskins, about thirty in number, Avere peaceable, but
did not appear well pleased with the visit, and left the neighbor-
hood a few days after, and never returned. In 1811, Kirkpatrick
and Jacob Dunkle purchased of Mr. Gatch, of Chillicothe, the
Mosley survey in Jefferson Township, containing one thousand
acres, a portion of which is now owned by his son Henry Kirk.
He engaged in the war of 1812, served as county commissioner,
and was one of Fayette's prominent citizens. He died January 1,
1840; his wife, April 16, 1863. The union was blessed with thir-
teen children, of whom five are living. For the sake of conven-
ience the family name has been changed from Kirkpatrick to Kirk.

JAMES HAYS,

A native of Virginia, came to Kentucky in an early day, where he
was wedded to Letta Rankins. In the first days of this century,
the family came to the mouth of Big Belly, Pickaway County, and

248 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

presumably in 1805 to this county. They settled on a two hun-
dred acre tract in Paint Township. The sight, is now owned by
Charles Hays. Three of his sons were in the war of 1812. When
the family first effected a settlement, there was no habitation be-
tween their humble cabin and Frankfort (then called Oldtown).
Hays died in 1850. The family consisted of tw^elve children, of
which Benjamin, the youngest, alone is now living. Mr. Hays was
township trustee for a number of years.

GEORGE CREAMER

Came to Fayette, in 1810, from Berkeley County, Virginia, in com-
pany with four sons, Michael, Joseph, David, and George. George
and Michael had families. The others were married soon after
their arrival; Joseph to Margaret Miller, and David to Elizabeth
Smith. They settled in Jeiferson Township, on Sugar Creek, in
which their posterit}^ now reside. At the surrender of Hull, Jo-
seph, Michael, and David responded to the call for volunteers to
aid in suppressing the anticipated invasion by the British. The
Creamers have frequently held offices of publi6 trust. David was
long surveyor, and also justice of the peace. George, sen., died
about 1825; his son George in 1861, Michael in 1840, David in
1860, and Joseph in 1872. J. B. Creamer, son of George, jr., was
married in April, 1833, and settled on his present place, about half
a mile south of Jeffersonville. He was county commissioner from
1844 to 1850, and also served as justice of the peace and trustee,
and was elected land appraiser in 1870. His son Andrew R. is the
present state senator from this district. The late M. S. Creamer
w^as a son of Wesley Creamer, and grandson of Michael Creamer.
He represented Fayette in the legislature, but died before his term
expired.

PHILIP FENT

Came to this county from Green County, Tennessee, about the year
1814, accompanied by his wife and five children. A native of Vir-
ginia, he married Catharine Parrett, also born in that state; thence
removed to Tennessee, and at the breaking out of the revolutionary
war enlisted in the American army, serving faithfully for a period
of seven years. At the close of the war he received a military war-
rant for a tract of land situated in this county, and determined to

SKETCHES OP EAULY SETTLERS. 249

settle thereon. Accordingly a party of about thirty people, con-
sisting of the Fents, Parretts, and Fancheers, started for Ohio in
four wagons, and at the expiration of three weeks, found them-
selves within the limits of Fayette County. Fent wan entitled to
two hundred acres of land, and before leaving his native state, en-
trusted an uncle, who was a resident of Fayette, with the selection,
etc., of his property. The latter procured the land, but lost it
through bad management, in consequence of which his nephew
was forced to look for a new tract. He settled in what is now
known as Jeife'rson Township, on two hundred acres of land, now
occupied by Eli Parrett, purchasing but fitty acres at first, and ex-
changing his wagon for the same. Fent's wife died about the year
1816, and he survived until 1835. His son James, born in 1801, re-
sides at Jetlersonville ; a daughter in HHnois. The descendants
are thrifty farmers of this county.

WILLIAM ROBINSON, SEN.,

A native North Carolinian, removed to Virginia with his family in
the closing years of the eighteenth century. In 1801 he came to
Ohio with his sons, now grown to manhood, and settled in Greene
County, about five miles southeast of Xenia, where they remained
several j^ears, then removed to this county. Desiring to explore
this locality before leaving, they went to Martin Mendenhall's, then
the only person living in the vicinity of what is now known as
Jamestown, who put them on an old trace leading to Chillicothe,
which they followed until it struck Sugar Creek, near where Jetier-
sonville now stands. The party camped in a white oak grove,
about one hundred yards from the Isaac Parrett farm. Their sleep
was disturbed by the buzzing of bees overhead, and on the follow-
ing morning they discovered a considerable amount of honey, on
which they feasted to their heart's content. They decided to settle
here ; William, sen,, on the present site of Jefifersonville, where
Richard Fox now lives ;^ his son William on the " Wright farm,"
just across the creek from Jefi:'ersonville; Thomas and Abner re-
moved to the land now owned by Louis JameS ; the other son,
Nicholas, on Rattlesnake Creek. William, jr., was a teamster in
the war of 1812; Thomas was captain of a company organized in
this county. Grandfather Robinson died in 1840; his son William
in 1874; the others moved to the West. Thomas settled at Fort

250 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

Wayne, Indiana; NiclK^as in Cohoes County, Illinois; Abner at
Vincennes, Indiana. There was one daughter, who married Joseph
Hosier, and lived in Greene County.

ADAM ALLEN,

Was a native of Pennsylvania, but ran away from home at the age
of sixteen, and enlisted in the revolutionary war, where he re-
mained till its close, when he went to Kentucky and engaged in
running the Upper and Lower Blue Lick Salt Works. He was
passionately fond of hunting, and found a paradise in this state,
where game abounded. He was married, it is thought, while in
Kentucky, to Miss Kyger. The couple came to near Springfield,
Clarke County, Ohio, which at that time consisted of a few scatter-
ing cabins. During the war of 1812, he started to Fort Wa^-ne to
join the American army. However, the war had closed before he
arrived at his destination. He next came to this county with, his
family, and "squatted" on the site of AUentown, now the junction
of the D. & S. E. and C. M. & C. railroads. He retained his hunt-
ing propensities, killed much game, and provided venison for the
family table and buckskin for the wearing apparel of the young
men. Allen afterward removed to the immediate vicinity of the
hamlet of AUentown, in which he resided till his death, which oc-
curred in 1,851, at the age of ninety-four years. He was a patri-
otic citizen, and often predicted the war of the rebellion. He had
eight children, four of whom survive: Elijah, William, and Ethan,
who reside near the old home, and Adam, who resides in Madison
County.

JAMES SANDERSON,

A Kentuckian, removed to Ohio with his family in 1812, settling
on the llite survey, No. 1,223, consisting of one thousand acres, in
this county. Two of his sons, James and Aleck, were active par-
ticipants of tlie war of 1812, at the close of which they returned
to their home, and assisted in tilling the soil. One of the sons,
Harvey, whose son now resides on the old homestead, assisted in
cutting out the fil'st roads of this vicinity. The family followed an
old Indian trace when removing from Kentucky. The elder San-
dersons have long since gone to that country from whose bourne
no traveler returns. Harvey, sen., died in 1876. His wife is still
living at the advanced age of eighty-six.

SKETCHES OF EAKLY SETTLERS. 251

JACOB A. RANKIN

Was born in Ross County, Ohio, in the year 1800, and at the age
of twelve or thirteen left the parental roof, because of the dissipa-
tion of his father, came to Bloomingburgh, in this county, and was
employed by Judge Gillespie as a farm hand. His mother, who
accompanied him, died soon after. His father came here also, and
died in September, 1828. Eankin was a poor lad, but managed to
save enough from his scanty earnings in the course of a few years,
to enable him to rent a farm. He was married to Elizabeth Kerr,
a daughter of Jacob Kerr. They removed to a farm south of
Plymouth, in the David Persinger neighborhood. He was for
mau}^ years a justice of the peace, and held other oflices of trust.
In 1834, he settled on a portion of the land now owned by his son
Smith, at Milledgeville, where he lived till February, 1876, when
death called him to a country where pioneer struggles are unknown.
His wife died in December, 1879.

RAFE DURHAM,

Though not an early resident of this county, has lived in its imme-
diate vicinity for more than sixty years. A native of Berkshire
County, Virginia, he immigrated to this state with his family and
aged father in 1816, locating at Kew Holland, in Pickaway County.
He removed to his present place (survey No. 8119, Marion Town-
ship) in 1835-6. The vicinity was .then but thinly settled, every
one living in peace and quietude. Property was considered safe,
and locks and keys were comparatively unknown. He was well
accpiainted with the participants in the great Funk fight, being a
member of the rifle company' commanded by Captain James jMills,
and pressed into service on that occasion. Prior to his departure
from Virginia, he cnt'ered the bonds of matrimony with Elizabeth
Elliott, with whom he lived happily for sixty-seven years. The
pair were not separated from each other for more than ten days at
any one time, until death parted them for the time being. She was
aged eighty-seven at the time of her death (August, 1880), being
several months cvlder than her husl;>and, who lives quietly in the
old home, realizing that his days are numbered, and that he will
soon be reunited to the companion of his youth.

252 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

THOMAS FULLERTON

Was a native of Greeucastle, Pennsylvania. At a suitable age he
attended Yale College, in which he graduated with high honors.
He then engaged in business in the city of Baltimore, and contin-
ued until the year 1812, when he failed. Together with others,
who had been alike unfortunate, he conceived the idea of going to
the northwest, and came to Fayette in 1814, settling near Bloom-
ingburgh. Being a fine penman, he was visited by many of the
pioneers, and requested to draw up various instruments for them.
A fast friend of Batteal Harrison, he was often consulted by him
on matters of importance. A few years later he began teaching
school, continuing in this profession for upward of thirty years.
A great many peaches were grown in this locality, peach brand}^
being the favorite beverage of the inhabitants. At one time, five
distilleries in and about Bloomingburgh were engaged in the man-
ufacture of this drink. Rye was taken to Chillicothe, and ex-
changed for whisky. Fullerton died many years ago. His son
George S. is an old and respected citizen of Marion Township.

HENRY STROPE.

July. 7, 1812, witnessed the departure of Henry Strope, a native
of Pennsylvania, who, accompanied by his family, X'onsisting of his
wife and nine children, crossed the Alleghanies in the " old-fash-
ioned wagon," and arrived at Chillicothe on the 15th of Septem-
ber, remaining there until 1814, at which time tliey removed to this
county, settling on a farm in the present limits of Marion Town-
ship, now owned by Burnett Mooney, consisting of twelve hun-
dred acres, which was rented of Adam Turner. During the war
of 1812 he drove cattle to Fort Meigs, for the use of the American
army. He lived a quiet life, raised a large family, but accumulated
little property, and died in 1848. His son, 'Squire Strope, has lived
on the farm he now dwns sixty-five years, was the first justice of
the peace of Marion Township, and still continues in that office.

GENERAL BATTEAL HARRISON

Was born in Warfield, Virginia, in 1780. His father's name was
Benjamin, a cousin to the father of W. H. Harrison, whose name

SKETCHES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 253

was also Benjamin. Batteal's father was a soldier in the Revohi-
■ tion, fought under Washington; was a descendant of the ilhistrious
Benjamin Harrison, who led the army of Cromwell in his long and
bloody struggle. When quite a child Batteal and his parents start-
ed for the' wilds of Kentucky. While waiting at his aunt's, in
Wheeling, Avhere they were to take the boat, she prevailed upon
his parents, on account of the great danger from Indians, to leave
the boy with her until the family were located and the danger had
subsided. Two years after they returned for him, but he had be-
come so attached to her that he refused to leave her ; they even
undertook to force him to accompany them, but she persuaded them
to let him stay and they returned without him, and he remained
with her until he was grown to be a man. Wishing to see his par-
ents he started, first going to St. Clairsville, Ohio, then to Chilli-
cothe, where, learning that his mother was dead, he abandoned the
idea of going to Kentucky, recruited a company and entered the
war of 1812, during which, in 1812 or 1813, he married Miss Eliza-
beth Scott, daughter of Dr. Joseph Scott, of ChillicotRe, and after
the war, in 1815, removed to the north fork of Paint Creek and
settled on a tract of land located by John A. Fulton on a warrant
obtained by the services of his father in the revolutionary war, and
which during his (Batteal's) services in 1812, he employed Fulton
to enter on the best vacant land, and by reason of his failure to do
so, he sued him for breach of contract and recovered heavy dam-
ages. This tract of land was situated in Madison Township, on
the north fork of Paint Creek near the center of the township on
the Columbus pike, now occupied in part by Sheffelbarker. There
were one thousand and forty acres in this body. He also owned
six hundred acres not far from it and other pieces amounting in the
aggregate to about two thousand two hundred acres.

He was one of the most prominent men in the county ; served
gloriously in the war of 1812 (which see), was elected one of the
earliest associate justices of the court, at first a colonel, then com-
missioned a brigadier general of the home militia, and served sev-
eral terms in the legislature, during which the following anecdote
is related of him :

Harrison had one failing ; honest and upright in all things, he had
a strong liking for whisky. While he was a member of the legis-
lature, and during a session of the same. Judge Green, then of
Chillicothe but now a resident of Columbus, and also a member of

254 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

the legislative body, introduced a bill wliicli provided for the em-
ployment of a corps of men who were to make a geological survey
of the state. Harrison opposed the measure, giving as his reasons
that the general condition of the state and her inhabitants did not
justify the commencement of the work at that time. *It was dis-
covered by the friends of the bill that it could not be passed unless
Harrison was induced to alter his opinion regarding it. Green
proposed that five or six of them meet in his room on a certain
evening, Harrison was to be invited and liquor was to be furnished
in abundance. On the appointed evening all the parties, including
Harrison, met at Judge Green's rooms. After the guests had im-
bibed pretty freely of the liquor, the possibility of passing the "ge-
ological survey bill" was discussed and Harrison was importuned to
use his influence in its support. The latter when driven to the
wall would say : "■Let's have another round of Judge Green's good
whisky." His request was complied with several times in quick
succession. Finally all the occupants of the room became very
drunk, Hamson being more sober than his companions. Again
they requested him earnestly to come over to their side of the
question, to which he replied : "Well, General Green, let's have a
little more of your whisky and then I'll talk about the 'geological
survey.' " The bottle was passed ; he took another drink and said :
"Gentlemen, this is excellent whisky, and it is certainly very kind
in General Green in supplying us with such a good article, but I
will see you all eternally d — d before I will vote for that bill."

General Harrison lost his wife in 1851, he following in. 1857.
Three sons and one daughter are still living. William lives in
Washington, this county ; Benjamin, in Madison, Ohio, and David
in Missouri. Their sister married Thomas Vance, still survives as
his widow, and lives on a portion of the original tract owned by
her father. John J., the youngest son, participated in the rebellion
and died at Augusta, Georgia. Scott, captain of a regiment in the
One Hundred and Fourteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, died in
S County, Missouri, October, 1878.

OLD SETTLERS.

The Aliens, Ananias and his sons, came from Pennsylvania,
about 1809 or 1810, and settled near Bloomingburg, on what was
then called the " New Purchase," which was so called because it
was the first purchase on the east fork of Paint Creek. The
Aliens all took part in the war of 1812.

Enoch Harvey, with his father, Samuel, and brother, James,
came from Virginia, and settled on Deer Creek, near Yankeetown,
about 1810.

The Coons also came from Virginia, and in about 1800 located
near the site of the Harveys, putting up four or five little cabins
for their accommodation.

Albert Ogden was a Virginian; came to this county in 1803 or
1804, and settled north of Yankeetown.

Isaac Dickinson came from Virginia, and located near Yankee-
town, on the farm now occupied by Tom Jones.

John Page was a settler of 1804, and a Virginian; was one of
the first justices of the peace of the county. Settled near tlie
Dickinsons.

James McCafterty and his brothers were Virginians, and came
here about 1804, and settled northwest of Yankeetown.

William Morgan came also from the Old Dominion, in about
1808, and settled first in lioss County; then located adjoining
Samuel M^^ers, on Duft''s Fork of Deer Creek.

Charles White came from Maryland, about 1809 or 1810; settled
west of Myers' on Long Branch of Deer Creek.

Thomas Barton, son of Steplien Barton, came from Virginia,
about 1804 or 1805, and settled just across Deer Creek from Yau-
keetown.

Jesse Stretch came from Pennsylvania in 1804, and located south
of Yankeetown.

William Sawyer came from the ''Emerald Isle" in 1810, and
put up a cabin near Stretch.

256 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

James liozzell, from Pennsylvania, and Amos Hawkins, from
Virginia, came in 1810, and stopped near Yankeetown.

Amstead Carder, from Virginia, settled on the Springfield road,
south of Bloomingburg. He was a son of Sanford Carder, an
old revolutionary soldier, who drew a pension for his services in
the same.

John McGowen was cook in the war of 1812, in S. Myers' com-
pany.

Two bachelors, by the name of George Kyle and Alexander
Riley, lived together in a cabin near Bloomingburg, but finally
quarrelled and parted, because one accused the other of being in-
tolerably filthy. Riley subsequently moved to Compton's Creek,
but cut hay and fed cattle on his farm. He would go in the even-
ing to. feed his cattle, crawl into the hay stack and remain till
morning, feed again, and return home. These old bachelors came
to the county some time previous to 1810.

Daniel Hinkle, a tall swarthy Virginian, was a powerful man,
and noted Jisticuffcr.

John and Samuel Ilerrod, were sons-in-law of Sanford Corder;
both came from Virginia, and in, about, 1808, setled on the west
side of Madison Township.

Thomas Cook came from Maryland in 1808.

James Thompson, son-in-law of James Hayes, came from Ken-
tucky, and settled on a fork of the north fork of Paint Creek,
which afterwards took his name.

George Busic, in 1806, settled on Deer Creek, hailing from the
" Old Dominion."

Sol. Parker, also a Virginian, settled on the Springfield road in
1808.

George Jamison, from Kentucky, settled on Deer Creek, near
the old trace leading to Chillicothe.

James Kerr, from Virginia, settled on the Springfield road.

John Mclntire, a very early settler, located south of Yankee-
town.

Gideon Veezey settled on the farm now owned by Nathaniel
Vee'zey, on Paint Creek.

Salmon settled on a part of the old Veezey farm. He came

from Delaware in about 1805 or 1806.

*In the spring of 1811, Joel Wood, Adam Harper, and Michael
Kerr, settled on a tract of land embracing 1,035 acres, survey l^os.

OLD SETTLEKS. 257

5780, 7043, and 6879, lying partly in Paint and partly in Jefier-
son townships, with Paint Creek running through the center.

Mr. Wood moved from Pendleton County, Virginia, and being
a man of intelligence was created one of the first justices of the
peace of the county.

Mr. Harper came from Ross County and remained about a year,
when he returned, and his son Benjamin took charge of the farm.

Mr. Kerr came from Pendleton County, Virginia, and first set-
tled in Jefferson Township. He was a farmer, and the father of
Col. S, F. Kerr, of Washington.

Thomas McDonald came from Kentucky to Ross County in 1794,
with Nathaniel Massie, and in about 1811 removed to Fayette and
settled.

In 1810, or 1811, there was a large family of Aliens left Penn-
sylvania, and settled in this county. Many of their descendants
are still living: Elijah lived near the old Myers place, on the
Bloomingburg and Danville pike, about four miles from the form-
er ; James and John lived near the present site of Bloomingburg.
There were also George, David, and Ananias.
17

PROMINENT PHYSICIANS.

THOMAS m'gARA.

Dr. Thomas McGara was a native of Pennsylvania, where his boy-
hood days were spent. In the fall of 1812 he left the land of his
fathers', came to this connty and settled in Washington, engaging
in the practice of medicine, being the tirst practicing physician in
the county. His family consisted of a wife and two children,
Joseph and Jane — the latter never married. Joseph married a lady
named Smith, and engaged in the medical profession in Greenfield
and Ross County. The elder McGara was a great favorite of the
people ; was elected to the state legislature, serving his constituents
faithfully for a period of six years. He died at the age of eighty-
eight, retaining his faculties to the last, having continued in his
medical pursuits until one year prior to his death. He was an un-
cle of Judge Daniel McLean — his mother's brother. He was a
very popular man, of a slow, deliberate disposition and somewhat
singular in his habits.

DR. BALDRIDGE.

The second physician (according to some the first) was Dr.

Baldridge, who came here in about tlje year 1811. With his med-
ical duties he combined those of a minister of the gospel. He was
a member of the Presbyterian Church ; had a wife and one child.

BENJAMIN HINTON.

The next physician of more than ordinary ability was Benjamin
Hin^on, who came from Highland County in 1818. A few years
after his settlement in this county he was united in marriage with
Rachel Stimpson. He was an energetic and upright citizen and
noted for his great kindness to patients. Mr. Hinton was a mem-

258

PROMINENT PHYSICIANS. 259

ber of the legislature, and county treasurer (collector) for many
years. In 1838 lie removed, to Peru, Indiana, where he died some
years ago.

JAMES HINTON.

James llinton, a brother of Benjamin, was a member of the pio-
neer medical fraternity of this county. .Unlike his brother, who
died in comparative poverty, he rapidly accumulated a fortune.
He finally left for the west, settling in McLean County, Illinois,
where he purchased a tract of land containing fourteen hundred
acres. He is now seventy-seven years of age, but still continues in
the practice of his chosen profession.

HABITS AND CUSTOMS OF THE PIONEERS.

DRESS AND FURNITURE.

In these days of primitive simplicity tlie women were not afraid
to work. They milked, cooked, spun, wove, and made garments
for themselves and the other members of the household. The men
raised their little crops, brought in meat, generally from the woods,
ground the corn, fought the Indians, built the cabins, and protected
the women.

Dress did not then require so much labor and trigonometry as it
does now. Then six yards of linsey would envelop the natural
form of the pioneer woman; now twenty-six scarce will suffice, be-
sides other accessories, too nnmerons and intricate to mention.
Then buckskin breeches, linsey hunting-shirt, coon-skin cap, and
moccasins encased the stalwart form of the hunter ; now the per-
fumed fop, dressed in broadcloth, beaver, kid, and patent leather, is
redolent with musk and night-blooming cereus. Tin cups were not
aspired to except by the wealthy. The table consisted of a hewed
slab, with four legs, and for chairs, a stool of the same material,
with three legs. For bureaus and wardrobes (the}^ didn't know what
a dressing-case meant), a hickory tree was girdled all around in two
places, a line cut through from one to the other, and the bark
taken off and sewed together, with a bottom and cover of the same
material, which, when smoothed, made a very good article. We
take a description of the hunting-shirt from Western Annals :

" This was a kind of loose frock, reaching half way down the
thighs, with large sleeves, open before, and so wide as to lap over a
foot or more when belted. The cape was large, and sometimes
handsomely fringed with a raveled piece of cloth of a diiFerent
color. The bosom of his dress served as a wallet, to hold a chunk
of bread, calve's jerk, tow for wiping the barrel of his riile, or any
thing necessary for the hunter or warrior. The belt, which was al-
ways tied behind, answered various purposes. In cold weather the

PIONEER HABITS AND CUSTOMS. 261

mittens, and sometimes the bullet-bag, the tomahawk, and knife,"
were attached to it. The hnnting-shirt was generally made of lin-
sey, sometimes of coarse linen, and frequently of deerskin, which
latter was very disagreeable when wet.

" The thighs were protected by breeches and leggins, and the feet
by moccasins, made generally out of a single piece of buckskin,
with a gathering seam along the top of the foot, and another from
the bottom of the heel as high as the ankle joint. Flaps were left
on each side to fasten tightl}^ around the ankle and leg by means
of deerskin thongs. In cold weather they were stufi'ed with dry
leaves or hair, which kept the feet warm, but in wet weather the}'
were useless, and it is said, ' only a decent way of going bare-
footed.' "

DEFENSES.

The means of defense consisted of cabins, block-houses, and
stockades. A range of cabins built about six feet apart, joined
together by logs on the outside, generall}' formed one side of the
fort. On the exposed side the walls were from ten to twelve feet
high, from which the roof sloped inward. But few of these cabins
had a puncheon floor, mostly being earthen.

After the ancient custom of castles, the block-houses were built
at each angle of the fort or stockade. They projected about two
feet beyond the outer walls of the cabins. Their upper stories were
nearly two feet every way larger than the lower, leaving an open-
ing at the commencement of the second story, to prevent the ene-
my from making a lodgment under their walls, A large folding
gate, made of thick slabs, nearest the spring, closed the fort.
These rude structures were furnished with port-holes at proper
heights and distances. It will be remembered that all of these
were made without a nail, spike, or iron fastening of any descrip-
tion. •

HEALTH.

Owing to the defective covering of the feet, more than to any
other circumstance, the greater number of our hunters and war-
riors were afliicted with the rheumatism in their limbs. Of this
disease they were all apprehensive in cold or wet weather, and

262 HISTORY or fayette county.

'therefore always slept with their feet to the fire to prevent or cure
it as well as they could. This practice unquestionably had a very
salutary effect, and prevented many of them from becoming con-
firmed cripples in early life.

WEDDINGS.

For a long time after the first settlement of this country the in-
habitants in general married young. There was no distinction of
rank and very little of fortune. On these accounts the first im-
pression of love resulted in marriage, and a family establishment
cost but little labor and nothing else.

In the first years of the settlement of this country a wedding en-
gaged the attention of a whole neighborhood, and the frolic was
anticipated by old and young with eager anticipation. This is not
to be wondered at, when it is told that a wedding was almost the
only gathering which was not accompanied with the labor of reap-
ing, log rolling, building a cabin, or planning some scout or cam-
paign.

In the morning of the wedding day the groom and attendants as-
sembled at the house of his father for the purpose of reaching the
mansion of his bride by noon, which was the usual time for cele-
brating the nuptials, which, for certain reasons, must take place
before dinner.

Let the reader imagine an assemblage of people, without a store,
tailor or mantua-maker within a hundred miles; and an assemblage
of horses, without a blacksmith or saddler within an equal distance.
The gentlemen, dressed in shoe-packs, moccasins, leather breeches,
leggins, linsey hunting shirts, all home-made. The ladies dressed
in linsey petticoats and linsey or linen bed-gowns, coarse shoes,
stockings, handkerchiets, and buckskin gloves, if any. If there
were any buckles, rings, buttons or rufiles, they were the relics of
old times — family pieces from parents or grandparents. The horses
were caparisoned with old saddles, old bridles or halters, and pack-
saddles, with a bag or blanket thrown over them : a rope or string
as often constituted the girth as a piece of leather.

The march, in double file, was often interrupted by the narrow-
ness and obstructions of our horse-paths, as they were called, for
we had no roads ; and these difliculties were often increased, some-
times by the good and sometimes by the ill-will of neighbors, by

PIONEER HABITS AND CUSTOMS. 263

falling trees and tj^ing grape vines across the way. Sometimes an
ambuscade was formed by the wayside, and an unexpected dis-
charge of several guns took place, so as to cover the wedding com-
pany with smoke. Let the reader imagine the scene which follow-
ed this discharge : the sndden spring of the horses, the shrieks of
the girls, and the chivalric bustle of their partners to save them
from falling. Sometimes, in spite of all that could be done to pre-
vent it, some were thrown to the ground. If a wrist, elbow, or an-
kle happened to be sprained, it was tied with a handkerchief and
little more was thought or said about it.

Another ceremony took place before the part}' reached the house
of the bride, after the practice of making whisky began, which was
at an early period : when the party were about one mile from the
place of their destination, two young men would single out to run
for the bottle; the worse the path, the more logs, brush and deep
hollows the better, as these obstacles aiforded an opportunity for
the greater display of intrepidity and horsemanship. The English
fox chase in point of danger to the riders and their horses, is noth-
ing to this race for the bottle. The start was announced by an In-
dian yell ; logs, brush, muddy hollows, hill and glen were speedily
passed by the rival ponies. The bottle was always tilled for the oc-
casion, so that there was no use forjudges ; for the first who reach-
ed the door was presented with the prize, with which he returned
in triumph to the company. On approaching them, he announced
his victory over his rival by a shrill whoop. At the head of the
troop, he gave the bottle first to the groom and his attendants, and
then to each pair in succession to the rear of the line, giving each
a dram and then putting the bottle in the bosom of his hunting-
shirt, took his station in the compau}'.

The ceremony of the marriage preceded the dinner, which was a
substantial backwoods feast of beef, pork, fowls, and sometimes
venison and bear meat, roasted and boiled, with plenty of potatoes,
cabbage and other vegetables. During the dinner the greatest hi-
larity always prevailed; although the table might be a large slab of
timber, hewed out with a broad ax, supported b}' four sticks set in
augur holes, and the furniture some old pewter dishes, the rest
wooden bowls and trenches ; a few pewter spoons, much battered
about the edges, were to be seen at some tables. The rest were
made of horns. If knives were scarce, the deficiency was made up
by scalping knives which were carried in sheaths suspended to the
belt of the hunting shirt.

264 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

After dinner the dancing commenced and generally lasted until
the next morning. The figures of the dances were three and four
handed reels, or square sets, and jigs. The commencement was al-
ways a square four, which was followed by what was called jigging
it off: that is, two of the four would single out for a jig and were
followed by the remaining couple. The jigs were often accom-
panied by what was called cutting: that is, when either of the
parties became tired of the dance, on intimation the place was sup-
plied by some one of the company without any interruption of the
dance. In this way a dance was often continued till the musician
was heartily tired of his situation. Toward the latter part of the
night, if any of the company, through weariness, attempted to con-
ceal themselves for the purpose of sleeping, they were hunted up, •
paraded on the floor, and the tiddler ordered to play "Hang on till
to-morrow morning."

About nine or ten o'clock, a deputation of young ladies stole off
the bride and put her to bed. In doing this it frequently happened
that they had to ascpnd a ladder, instead of a pair of stairs, lead-
ing from the dining and ball room to the loft, the floor of which
was made of clapboards lying loose and without nails. This as-
cent, one might tliink, would put the bride and her attendants to
the blush ; but as the foot of the ladder was commonly behind the
door, which was purposely opened for the occasion, and its rounds
at the inner ends were well hung with hunting shirts, petticoats
and other articles of clothing, the candles being on the opposite
side of the house, the exit of the bride was noticed by but few.
This done, a deputation of young men in like manner stole oft' the
groom and placed him snugly by the side of his bride. The dance
still continued, and if seats happened to be scarce, which was very
often the case, every young man, when not engaged in the dance,
was obliged to offer his lap as a seat for one of the girls, and the
offer was sure to be accepted. In the midst of this hilarity the
bride and groom were not forgotten. Pretty late in the night, some
one would remind the company that the new couple must stand in
need of some refreshment : "Black Betty," which was the name
of the bottle, was called for, and sent up the ladder ; but some
times " Black Betty " did not go alone, many times as much bread,
beef and cabbage as would afford a good meal for half a dozen
hungry men were sent along with her. The young couple were
compelled to eat and drink, more or less, of whatever was offered
them.

PIONEER HABITS AND CUSTOMS. 265

It often happened that some neighbors, or relations, not being
asked to the wedding took ofi'ense, and the mode of revenge adopted
by them, on such occasions, was that of cutting off the manes,
foretops, and tails of the horses of the wedding eompan}-.

r-

SETTLING A YOUNG COUPLE,

We will next state the usual manner of settling a young couple
in the world :

A spot was selected on a piece of land, of one of the parents, for
their habitation. A day was appointed shortly after their mar-
riage, for commencing the work of building their cabin. The
fatigue party consisted of choppers, whose business it was to fell
the trees, and cut them off at proper lengths ; a man with a team
for hauling them to the place, and arranging them, properly as-
sorted, at the sides and ends of the building; a carpenter, if such he
might be called, whose business it was to search the woods for a
proper tree for making clapboards for the roof. The tree for this
purpose must be straight grained, and from three to four feet in
diameter. The boards were split four feet long, with a large frow,
and as wide as the timber would allow. They were used without
planing or shaving. Another division was employed in getting
puncheons for the floor of the cabin ; this was done by splitting
trees, about eighteen inches in diameter, and hewing the faces of
them with a broad-ax. They were half the length of the floor,
they were intended to make.

The materials for the cabin were mostly prepared on the flrst
day, and sometimes the foundation laid in the evening. The
second day was alloted for the raising.

PUTTING UP THE HOUSE.

In the morning of the next day, the neighbors collected for the
raising. The first thing to be done was the election of four corner
men, whose business it was to notch and place the logs. The rest
of the company furnished them with the timbers. In the mean-
time, the boards and puncheons were collected for the floor and
roof, so that by the time the cabin was a few rounds high, the
sleepers and floors began to be laid. The door \yas made by sawing,
or cutting, the logs in one side, so as to make an opening about

266 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

three feet wide. This opening was secured by upright pieces of
timber, about three inches thick, through w^hich holes were bored
into the ends of the logs for the purpose of pinning them fast. A
similar opening, but wider, was made at the end for the chimney.
This was built of logs, and made large to admit of a back and
jambs of stone. At the square, two end logs projected a foot or
eighteen inches beyond the wall to receive the butting-poles, as
they were called, against which the ends of the first row of clap-
boards was supported. The roof was formed by making the end
logs shorter, until a single log formed the comb of the roof; on
these logs the clapboards were placed, the ranges of them laping
some distance over those next below them, and kept in their places
by logs placed at proper distances upon them.

The roof, and sometimes the floor, were finished on the same
day of the raising. A third day was commonly spent by a few
carpenters in leveling ofi* the fioor, making a clapboard door, and a
table. This last was made of a split slab, and supported by four
round logs set in auger holes. A few three legged stools were made
in the same manner. A few pins stuck in the logs, at the back of
the house, supported some clapboards which served for shelves for
the table furniture. A single fork, placed with its lower end in a
hole in the floor, and the upper end fastened to a joist served for a
bedstead, by placing a pole in the fork with one end through
a crack between the logs of the wall. This front pole was crossed
by a shorter one within the fork, with its outer end through another
crack. From the front pole, through a crack between the logs of
the end of the house, the boards were put on which formed the
bottom of the bed. Sometimes other poles, were pinned to the fork
a little above these, for the purpose of supporting the front and
foot of the bed, while the walls were the supports of its back and
head. A few pegs around the walls for a display of the coats of
the women, and hunting shirts of the men, and two small forks,
or buck's horns, to a joist for the rifle and shot pouch, completed
the carpenters work.

In the mean time, masons were at work. With the heart pieces
of the timber, of which the clapboards wpre made, they made bil-
lets for chucking up the cracks between the logs of the cabin and
chimney ; a large bed of mortar was made for daubing up those
cracks. A few stones formed the back and jambs of the chim-
ney.

PIONEER HABITS AND CUSTOMS. 267

HOUSE WARMING.

The cabin being finished, the ceremony of hOuse-warniing took
place, before the yonng couple were permitted to move into it.

The house-warming was a dance of a whole night's continuance,
made up of the relations of the bride and groom, and their neigh-
bors. On the day following the young couple took possession of
their new mansion.

At house-raisings, log-rollings, and harvest parties, every one
was expected to do his duty faithfully. A person who did not per-
form his share of the labor on these occasions, was designated by
the epithet of "Lawrence," or some other title still more opprobri-
ous; and when it came his turn to require the like aid from his
neighbors, the idler soon felt his punishment in their refusal to at-
tend his calls.

MILITARY.

Although there was no legal compulsion to the performance of
military duty, yet every man of full age and size was expected to
do his full share of public service. If he did not do so he was
" hated .out as a coward." Even the want of any article of war
equipment, such as ammunition, a sharp flint, a priming-wire, a
scalping knife, or tomahawk, was thought highlj' disgraceful. A
man who, without reasonable cause, failed to go on a scout or cam-
paign, when it came his turn, met with an expression of indigna-
tion in the countenances of his neighbors, and epithets of dishonor
were fastened upon him without mercy.

DEBTS.

Debts, which make such an uproar in civilized life, were but
little known among our forefathers, at the early settlement of this
country. After the depreciation of the continental paper they had
no money of any kind; everything purchased was paid for in pro-
duce or labor. A good cow and calf was often the price of a
bushel of alum salt. If a contract was not punctually fulfilled, the
credit of the delinquent was at an end.

268 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Any petty theft was i^unished with all the infamy that could be
heaped upon the offender. A man on a campaign stole from his
comrade a cake out of the ashes, in which it was baking. He was
immediately named "the bread rounds." This epithet of reproach
was bandied about in this way: When he came in sight of a group
of men, one of them would call, "Who goes there?" Another
w^ould answer, " The bread rounds." If any one meant to be more
serious about the matter, he would call out, "Who stole a cake out
of the ashes? " Another replied by giving the name of the man in
full. To this a third would give confirmation by exclaiming, " That
is true, and no lie." This kind of " tongue lashing" he was doomed
to bear for the rest of the campaign, as well as for years after his
return home.

If a theft was detected in any of the frontier settlements, a sum-
mary mode of punishment was always resorted to. The first set-
tlers had a kind of innate or hereditary detestation of the crime of
theft in any shape or degree, and their maxim was that a " thief must
be whipped." If the theft was of something of some value, a kind
of jury of the neighborhood, after hearing the testimony, would
condemn the culprit to Moses' law, that is, to forty stripes, save
one. If the theft was of some small article, the offender was
doomed to carry on his back a flag of the United States, which
then consisted of thirteen stripes. In either; case, some able hands
were selected to execute the sentence, so that the stripes were sure
to be well laid on. This punishment was followed by a sentence
of exile. He was then informed that he must decamp in so many
days, and be seen there no more, on penalty of having his stripes
doubled.

CHARACTERISTICS.

With all their rudeness, these people were given to hospitality,
and freely divided their rough fare with a neighbor or stranger,
and would have been offended at the offer of pay. In their settle-
ments and forts they lived, they worked, they fought and feasted,
or suffered together, in cordial harmony. . They were warm and
constant in their friendships. On the other hand, they were re-

PIONEER HABITS AND CUSTOMS. 269

vengeful in their resentments, and the point of honor sometimes
led to personal combats. If one man called another a liar, he was
considered as having given a challenge, which the person who re-
ceived it must accept or be deemed a coward, and the charge was
generally answered on the spot with a blow. If the injured per-
son was decidedly unable to tight the aggressor, he might get a
friend to do it for him. The same thing took place on a charge of
cowardice, or any other dishonorable action. A battle must follow,
and the person who made the charge must fight either the person
against whom he made the charge, or any champion who chose to
espouse his cause. Thus circumstanced, our people in early times
were much more cautious of speaking evil of their neighbors than
they are at present.

Sometimes pitched battles occurred, in which time, place, and
seconds were appointed beforehand. A writer remembers having
seen one of those pitched battles in his father's fort, when a bo3^
One of the young men knew very well beforehand that he should
get the worst of the battle, and no doubt repented the engagement
to fight, but there was no getting over it. The point of honor de-
manded the risk of battle. He got his whipping. They then
shook hands, and were good friends afterward.

The mode of single combat in those days was dangerous in the
extreme. Although no weapons were used, fists, teeth, and feet
were emplo}^d at will, but above all, the detestable practice of
gouging, by which eyes were sometimes put out, rendered this
mode of fighting frightful indeed. It was not, however, so de-
structive as the stiletto of an Italian, the knife of a Spaniard, the
small-sword of a Frenchman, or the pistol of the American or En-
glish duelist.

Instances of seduction and bastardy did not frequently happen
in our early times. An instance of the former is remembered, in
which the life of the man was put in jeopardy by the resentment
of the family to which the girl belonged. Indeed, considering the
chivalrous temper of our people, this crime could not then take

270 • HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

place without great personal danger from the brothers or other re-
lations of the victims of seduction, family honor being then esti-
mated at a high rate.

Profane language was not more prevalent in early times than at
present. There was no other vestige of the Christian religion than
a faint observation of Sunday, and that merely as a day of rest for
the aged, and a play day for the young.

TATTLING.

If a woman was given to tattling and slandering her neighbors,
she was furnished, by common consent, with a kind of patent-
right to say whatever she pleased without being believed. Her
tongue was then said to be harmless, or to be no scandal.

ORIGINAL TOWNSHIPS.

The county was originally divided into six townships : Jeft'er-
son, Green, Wayne, Madison, Paint and Union.

JEFFERSON

Began at the north part of survey number 1093 on Paint Creek,
and followed its present boundary to the northwest corner of Jas-
per; thence south along the present western boundary of Jasper to
the southwest corner of the same; thence east live miles to the
northeast corner of Clinton County ; thence northwest to the north
part of survey 899, to Sugar Creek; thence with its present boun-
dary to the beginning, including, as will be seen, the principal part
of the present territory of Jasper,

GREEN.

Beginning at Henry Snyder's mill on Sugar Creek, thence up
said cre6k with its meanderings to the line of Jeft'erson, northern
part survey 899 ; thence southwest with said line to the northeast
corner of Clinton County; thence south with the county line to the
southwest corner of Fayette County ; thence east with county line
to Lemuel Hand's. Thence to Alexander Beatty's survey 3713 ;
thence north, bearing west to Samuel Edward's, northern part sur-
vey 660 ; thence to beginning, including about three-fourths of the
present territory of Perry, all of Concord, and about a quarter of
Jasper.

It appears that about 1818, Green was reduced in territory by the
formation of Concord, whose boundaries we have no means of
knowing until March 3, 1828, when its hues are given. Green at
that time was limited on the north and west by a line beginning at
the mouth of Hankin's Pun, on Sugar Creek, at the lower bend,
eastern part survey 626, and running southwest to Samuel Stook-

272 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ey's, a little north and east of Staunton ; thence following very near-
ly its present limits to the county line.

"When Perry was first formed, it further reduced Green to its
present limits, save that portion north of a line extending from
near Buena Vista, to the mouth of Sugar Creek, thence up Sugar
Creek to Hankin's liun, the western portion of which w^as subse-
quently— March 8, 1849^oined to Concord, and the eastern to
Perry, thus leaving it in its present shape in 1849.

Wayne originally included on the west, all that territory not ta-
ken from Green in the formation of Perry, and with her other
lines nearly as they are now, except on the southeast corner of
Union at the mouth of Sugar, where we infer from the language
used, the line followed the creek (Paint).

Madison originally included all the territory now embraced in
Madison and Marion until June, 1840, when it was divided, and the
southern portion called Marion, and the northern retained the
original name.

This also was one of the original townships and has not been al-
tered in its boundaries.

This has preserved its original lines with the exception of a few
slight changes near the old Snyder mill, on Sugar, and extending a
little farther into Wayne so as to touch the corner of Bernard sur-
vey 739, And following the meanderings of Paint Creek above the
Brannon farm.

PRESENT TOWNSHIPS.

JASPER.

March' 5, 1845, William Rankin presented a petition to the com-
missioners for a new township to be taken from Jefferson and Con-
cord, beginning in the northwest corner of li. Claborn's survey 889,
and following the present boundaries of Jasper until it strikes the
southwest corner of Jefferson on Sugar Creek; thence northeast
following the present line of Jefferson and Union to Paint Creek ;
thence up Paint Creek to the dividing line of the Trent and White
siuweys, numbers respectively 942 and 1205 ; thence west to begin-
ning, including, as will be seen, the southern point of Jefferson.

On the second day of December, 1845, by petition of Joseph J.
Parrott, Jasper was reduced to her present limits, and electors as-
sembled April 7th, at the house of John Andrews, to elect officers.

CONCORD.

The following record gives the date of the organization of Con-
cord :

Friday, May 1, 1818. It appearing to the court that a new town-
ship has been set off by the commissioners, called Concord, it is
ordered that there be one justice of the peace elected in this town-
ship, the electors to meet at the house of Edward Figgins, on the
third Monday of the present month for this purpose.

The boundaries at this date are not given. In 1828, its bounds
were defined as beginning on the east, at Hankins' Eun, (vid. seq.)
and following the line of Green to the northeast corner of Clinton
County ; thence northwest to Sugar Creek, and down Sugar to be-
ginning. In 1848, the line was run between Concord and Green,
beginning at Hankins' Run, thence south 36°, 26^ west, 3 miles and
120 poles, crossing said run to a stake one-half pole on northwest
side of a pile of day, the remains of the chimney of John Draper's

274 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

house ; thence south 63°, 4' west, 3 miles and 160 poles to a road
near Jerry McFlay's house, crossing Rattlesnake at 40 poles, Lee's
Creek at 2 miles and 52 poles ; thence continuing same course,
south 3° 4', west 1 mile and 48 poles to line of Clinton and Fayette
counties, which distance, 8 miles and 14 poles, is loell marked with a
hand ax, loith three hacks on a side. March 3, 1849, this line was so
altered as to run from the hanks of Sugar Creek where the lines of
Concord and Green join, thence with said line to the state road
running from Washington to Leeshurg ; thence north 85°, east to
Perry Township line ; thence north with Perry and Green to Sugar
Creek ; thence up the creek to beginning, which portion was added
to Concord for the convenience of schools and working the roads.

In June, 1840, a petition, signed by the householders of Madison
Township, praying for a division of the same, so as to form two
separate townships, was presented to the county commissioners, in
pursuance of which the board appointed Jacob Creamer, county
surveyor, to ascertain whether there was territory sufficient to war-
rant a division, and if so, to run a line through the center of the
same, so as to make an equal division. The surveyor, upon finding
sufficient territory, proceeded to divide the township as per instruc-
tions. The board being satisfied that the interest of the citizens of
the aforesaid township required a division, ordered the report of
the surveyor to be placed on record, and said townships estabhshed
as laid down in said plat.

The northern part of the division shall be known as the original
township of Madison, and the southern part shall be known by the
name of Marion. That the electors of Marion Township assemble,
on July 18, 1840, at the house of John McArthur, on the Circle-
ville road, to elect township officials, who shall continue in office
until the next annual spring election.

PERRY.

On the 4th of June, 1844, a petition was presented to the com-
missioners by ]!^. Rush, as attorney, praying for a new township to
be taken from Green and Wayne, which was refused on account of
a remonstrance by L. V. Willard.

PRESENT TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. 275

June 4th, 1845, a petition was presented by Robert Eyre, and the
new township was granted, called Perry. Beginning at a point
where the state road leading from Washington to Leesburg crosses
Eattlesnake Creek; thence on a straight line to Samuel Brigg's
mill (near the month of Sugar Creek); thence down Paint Creek to
the Highland County line ; thence west with said line to Rattle-
snake ; thence up said creek to beginning, thus including a part of
Wayne aud Green. These limits, as will be observed, left out that
portion north of the line extending from near Buena Vista to the
mouth of Sugar.

June 14, 1845, a petition was presented signed by Wayman Staf-
ford and a number of others, protesting against the decision of the
commissioners in forming a new township, and finally an appeal
bond was filed, in the sum of five hundred dollars, with James
Larkins and Anderson Rowe securities, and notice given of an ap-
peal to the court of common pleas. Subsequently a decision was
rendered favorable to its organization, and that portion annexed
north of the line from Buena Vista to Briggs' mill.

PRESENT BOUNDARIES.

JEFFERSON.

Beginning at the north part, survey number 1093, on Paint
Creek; thence west, with the county line, to the Greene County
line, northwest corner, survey number 5993 ; thence south, Avith
said line, to east part, survey number 1079; thence east, bearing
south, to northwest part, survey number 1253; thence east, crossing
Rattlesnake Creek, to the northwest corner, survey number 1379 ;
thence south to the southeast corner of survey number 1379;
thence east to Sugar Creek; thence down said creek, to the Union
Township line, in southwest part, survey number 5866; thence
northeast, with said line, to Paint Creek, near crossing of Jeffcr-
sonville pike ; thence up Paint to beginning.

JASPER.

Beginning at the northeast corner of survey number 1342, run-
ning west to the northwest part, survey number 1253; thence west,

276 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

bearing north, to the county east part survey number 1079 ; thence
south with said, to the line of Clinton County, west part of survey
number 841 ; thence east five miles, with said line, crossing Rattle-
snake; thence south, with said line, to Concord Township line, west
part survey number 907 ; thence northeast, with said line, to Rat-
tlesnake Creek ; thence northeast, with the road, to Sugar

Creek, southwest part survey number 8408; thence up said creek
to the northeast corner, survey number 1411; thence west to south-
west corner, survey number 1379; theuce north to the beginning.

Beginning at Sugar Creek, south part survey number 8408;

thence southwest, with pike, crossing Rattlesnake, to the

county line, west part survey 907; thence south, with the county
line, to west part survey 1039 ; thence northeast, with Green Town-
ship line, to the old Draper house, north part survey 5348 ; thence
northeast, with said line, to south part survey 802 ; thence east to
Perry Township line, survey 896 ; thence north to Sugar Creek,
north part survey 896; thence along Sugar Creek to beginning.

UNION.

Beginning at south part of survey number 8357 ; thence south-
west, through surveys 3702, 6377, 7850, 7052, 7053, and 6003, to
Paint Creek, northeast part survey 3020; thence southwest, through
survey 2069, to Sugar Creek ; thence down said creek to its mouth ;

thence north, with road, one mile; thence east, bearing

north, to Paint Creek, east part survey 663, crossing same about a
mile north of Pone Creek; thence northeast, through survey 870,

to road, southeast part survey 1852; thence east, bearing

north, to C. & M. Y. R. R. ; thence northwest, one mile ; thence

west one-half mile; thence, with road, northwest to central

part survey number 8493 ; thence north to beginning,

GREEN.

Beginning at a point near the old Draper house, north part sur-
vey number 5348, near Rattlesnake Creek ; thence northeastwardly
to the southern part survey number 802, near the Leesburg road ;

PRESENT TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. 277

thence east to the southern part survey number 896 ; thence south
to the southern part of survey number 5431 ; thence southwest,
crossing survey number 3434, to Eattlesnake Creek; thence, with
the meanders of said creek, to the county Une, southern part sur-
vey number 1840; thence west, with county Une, to southern part
survey number 1089; thence, with the line of Fayette and CHnton,
to western survey number 1039 ; thence northeast, crossing surveys
2717, 3991, 5849, and 5880, to the beginning.

PERRY.

Beginning at Sugar Creek, northwest corner survey 896 ; thence
east, with the meanders of said creek, to its mouth ; thence south-
east, with the meanders of Paint Creek, to the county hne; thence
west, with the county Hne, to Rattlesnake Creek; thence north,
with liattlesnake, to western part survey number 3434; thence
northeast, with the Green Township line, to the southern part sur-
vey number 5431 ; thence north, with said township line, to the be-
ginning.

WAYNE.

Beginning at a point in the northern part of survey number 9074,
near the C. & M. Y. R. R. ; thence southwesterly, along the line ot
Union Township, to Paint Creek ; the ncedown Paint to the mouth
of Sugar Creek ; thence down Paint to the count}^ line, survey 4132 ;

thence northwest to road, survey number 628 ; thence, with

said road, to the beginning.

MARION.

Beginning at the Pickaway County line, southeastern part sur-
vey number 470; thence west to center of survey 8190; thence
south to survey number 8493, on the Federal road ; thence south-
east, along said road, to the west part survey number 5537; thence
southeast, with the Wayne Township line, to the county line, east
part survey number 4132; thence north, with the county hne, to
the beginning.

MADISON.

Beginning at the northeast corner of Fayette County, northern

278 HISTORY OF faYette county.

part survey number 471 ; thence west, with the county line, to the
northern part survey number 6908; thence southeast to the Marion
Township line, center of survey number 8190; thence east, with
said line to the Pickaway County line, east part survey number 470;
thence north, with said line, to place of beginning.

PAINT.

Beginning at the northeast corner of survey number 6908 ; thence
west,with the county line, to Paint Creek, northwest part survey num-
ber 1093; thence south, down said creek, with the meanders there-
of, to the Union Township line, west part survey number 6003 ;
thence northeast, with said line, to Marion Township line, east part
survey number 8357 ; thence north, with said line, to the corner of
Madison Township, east part survey number 8190; thence north,
bearing west, to beginning.

MILLS AND MILLING.

To the pioneer in the wilderness, remote from civihzation, with
all its attendant mechanical appliances, the conversion of the pro-
duct of the soil was one of the most serious difficulties to be met.
While the forest supplied abundance of game, with which his larder
could with but little exertion be kept well filled ; this, however,
without the accompaniment of bread, was not in the highest degree
palatable, especially when fatigued by the constant exertion which the
pioneer was compelled to undergo, from morning till night, in clear-
ing out the forests which surrounded him on all sides. To meet
this want machines were constructed, though extremely rude and
simple, yet fully accomplishing the purposes for which they were
intended.

The first step in this direction was

THE BLOCK AND PESTLE.

A block of hard wood was selected, and by means of boring,
hacking, and burning, a depression was made capable of holding
sometimes nearly a peck of corn. To work in this, an instrument
having a large end nearly the size of the depression in the block,
and whose convexity corresponded roughly to its concavity, the
upper part of which was shaven down to a diameter of one or two
inches, so as to be grasped by the hand, Avas made.

To facilitate the operation of this, a hole was fixed in the ground,
a rope, piece of bark, or grape vine attached to the upper end
bent down and connected to the pestle so as to assist in lifting it
up.

In this manner, and by this rude machine, our forefathers ground
their corn.

The next step in the way of improvement, was a stone-mill worked
by hand.

From a specimen stone, now in the possession of Judge D. Mc-

280 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Lean, said to be the base-stone of tlie first mill in the county which
we examined, we give the following description : Diameter twenty
inches, thickness about five, and rudely cut in grooves with a hole
in the center, into which a small shaft was introduced, having at-
tached to it another stone working upon the lower, which was
operated by a crank turned b}^ hand.

CORN-CRACKERS.

The first mill of this kind built in the county, was erected by
Jacob Coile, in 1809, in Union Township on Sugar Creek.

The Yeargon horse-mill was put up a little later, and perhaps the
second corn-cracker in this county, was put up in 1810, by Isaiah
Pancoast, on Deer Creek, about a mile from Waterloo, close to the
county line, between Fayette and Pickaway. It was made out of
solid boulders with a hole drilled through. This primitive machine
was subsequently converted into a mill for grinding wheat, then
into a fulling mill, next into a woolen factory, and now is a flouring
mill.

This unique structure consisted of an upright beam, or shaft,
running on pivots at both ends; passing through this, below at
right angles was another shaft, about twenty feet long, at the end
of which was attached a team of horses, who walked in a circle as
in our modern horse powers. At the top of the upright shaft was
attached a large wheel, which communicated its motion by means
of a rawhide belt to another wheel, which in turn worked in a
cog-wheel attached to the stones.

These burrs, or stones, were made generally out of the native
boulders with holes drilled through them, roughly dressed, and
running upon each other which ground the corn very coarse, and
left it with all the refuse materials accompaning it, which were re-
moved by means of a sieve, made by taking the green hide of a
deer, removing the hair, stretching it tightly over a hoop and
piercing it full of holes. When the pioneers were educated to the
luxury — if luxury it may be called — of loheat bread, mills for grind-
ing and bolting this grain were invented.

Bolting was done by hand, or rather the apparatus, which was a
cloth cylinder turned with a crank, Avhich it was expected the man
or boy bringing the grist to operate.

MILLS AND MILLING. 281

Before these mills were erected bj the early settlers,, according
to the county atla8,''Springfield, Clifton, and Chillicothe were locali-
ties to which they resorted for flour and'meal. Several neighbors
would unite to make up a four-horse load, take along forage for
the teams and provisions for themselves, and make the journey in
seven to ten days, during which time their families lived on bacon,
hominy, and potatoes, when they had them. Horse-mills were
soon established at various points, and hand-mills were constructed,
so that .most families were able to obtain bread by working for it.
The hominy-block was an invention of the times ; it was made by
burning a hole into the end of a block of wood. They pounded
the corn in these mortars with a pestle, made by inserting an iron
wedge in a suitable stick. When the corn was fine enough it was
sieved, and the finer portion used for bread and for mush, and the
coarser boiled as hominy. Corn-dodgers were in general use, and
the children of that day, now grown old, can speedily recall the cir-
cumstances connected with their first meal of wheat bread. The
mills of early days ground very slowly. The settler went to mill
early, and remained late to get his sack of meal. The flour made
in the horse-mills was like the brown, unbolted flour of the present.
That it should be large in quantity was more to be desired than
fine in quality. Thomas Moon, sr., erected the first flour and saw-
mill, and the first distillery in the county during the year 1810,
upon a good site ten miles south of Washington. The mill is still
running.

A third mill was built during the war of 1812, by Asa Davis,
on Main Paint, two miles south of the county seat. Many years
have passed since its removal.

One McDonald built a water-mill two miles north of town, in
1850, and sold to Stafford.

An effort was made to establish a mill on Main Paint, ten miles
northwest of town, by Solomon Salmon; but the dam being estab-
lished on a bed of quicksand, continually broke away and prevented
its success.

Still another water-mill was erected in Washington Court House
by Jesse Millikan. The saw-mill was in operation in 1817, and a
year later, 1818, he had a grist-mill running. Millikan died in
1836, and, about 1840, his son Curren Millikan applied steam-
power.

A water-mill was built on Sugar Creek, four miles south of town,

282 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

with wliicl; a distillery was connected. This mill dates its erection
to 1820, at the hands of Adam Caylor.

There was a horse-mill put up by Dughan, about three

miles northwest of Washington, near Big Eun, prior to 1814.

These were soon superseded by steam and water-power, and now
the old horse-mill has faded into a thing of the past.

TAVERNS.

The granting of licenses for keeping tavern was in accordance
with a territorial law passed by the first general assembly of the
northwest territory, and approved December 6, 1800.

By this law no person Avas permitted to keep any tavern or pub-
lic house of entertainment in any town, connty, or place within the
limits of the territory, unless first recommended by twelve respect-
able freeholders of the county in which such house was to be kept.
All persons, except tavern or inn keepers, were forbidden under
severe penalties to sell any person alcoholic drinks in small quanti-
ties, and tavern keepers, under like severe penalties, were required
not knowingly to suft'er any disorders, drunkenness, rioting, betting
or gaming for money. They were also required to furnish good
entertainment for man and beast, under penalty of five dollars for
the first offense, and eight dollars for each succeeding offense.

After nearly four score years have passed away, and the primi-
tive taverns and the primitive men have disappeared with the gliding
years, the modern grumbler at some slight annoyance in a first-
class hotel of the present day, may wonder what was understood
by "good entertainment" in those early times, when the entire fam-
ily, landlord, landlady and children, judges and attorne^^s of the
court, servants and travellers, cats and dogs, were all quartered for
lodging into one sleeping room, and that, too, perhaps the dining
and sitting room, parlor and kitchen. Under this law licenses were
given by authority of what was in early days called a "court in
course," according to an act of assembly, passed April 16, 1803,
which made it the duty of the associate judges to hold a court for
the transaction of county business on the next judicial day after the
adjournment of the court of common pleas. This court acted in
pretty much the same capacity as the present body of county com-
missioners.

The loss of the records renders it uncertain who was the first to
whom license was granted. From an old volume of court records

283

284 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

we learn that these licenses were as late as 1852 granted by the
court of common pleas. It is extremely doubtful, therefore, if a
"court in course" was ever held in this county.

In the. beginning of the year 1817, on motion to the common
pleas court, one William Vaughan was granted a license to keep
tavern at his house in Madison Township, one year, on complying
with the law. Tavern, in those early days, was a very comprehen-
sive term, and must have been not much unlike Tam O'Shanter's
stopping place : —

" When chapman billies leave the street
And drouthy neibors neibors meet,
As market days are wearin' late
And folk begin to tak the gate ;
While we sit bousing at the nappy
And gettin' fou and unco happy,

Ae market night

They had got planted unco right

Fast by an ingle bleezing finely

Wi reaming swats that drank divinely."

It is said that the first tavern in this county was kept in 1810 by
WiUiam Harrison, on the Parin lot, north of the court house, in an

old cabin which is still standing, occupied at present by Par-

vin. Another was kept in the Vandeman corner by Johu Torbin,
in 1810 or 1812 ; Norman Jones, 1811 and 1812 ; Evans and sons on
Court and Fayette in about 1816.

December 18, 1817, John Evans and Nicholas Neely received li-
censes to keep tavern in Washington. In the following April, Wil-
liam Rankin was allowed the same privilege at his residence in
Paint Township. Also Joseph Parrott and Matthew Gillespie in
the same township, and in September, Sanford Corder, John Evans
and Aaron Johnson started the same business in Union Township.
Immediately following this, Aaron Johnson was arrested for gamb-
ling, but plead not guilty, which rather casts a damaging shadow
upon the morality of these ancient institutions. Some department,
however, must have been remunerative, for in October 11, 1819, we
find John Oliver paying twelve dollars for the privilege of keeping
tavern. But as travel increased and improvements advanced, these
unique places of entertainment disappeared and have been super-
ceded by the more commodious modern structures in which splen-
did table furniture takes the place of the substantial pioneer food.

RACE OF JOHN EDGINGTON

An incident in which the noted Shawanoes chief, Captain John,
in after years a qnasi resident of this county, took an active part;
for this reason we consider it worthy of mention here :

About 1795, John and Asahel Edgington and another man started
towards Brush Creek, on a hunting expedition. They had good
success and bagged a fine lot of deer, bear, etc., hung them up out of
the reach of wolves and returned for pack horses to take them in. Be-
ing in the winter and not apprehending danger from the Indians,
they returned alone to the old hunting oamp, alighted from their
horses and were preparing to strike a fire when they were tired up-
on by a party of savages ambushed not twenty j^ards away. Asa-
hel fell dead, but John escaped. With horrid yells the Indians
sprang from their place of concealment, the frightened horses
broke loose and ran towards home, and John Edgington was alone
on foot. With the activity of a buck he bounded ofl', with a band ot
howling redskins at his heels to urge him forward. So close in-
deed was the contest, that the yielding grass scarce resumed its
shape before the Indian's foot pressed it down again. The uplifted
tomahawk seemed so near his head he thought he felt its edge.
The hard breathing of his blood-thirsty pursuers sounding in his
ears, stimulated him to almost superhuman exertions.

The race was long and doubtful ; every effort to capture and es-
cape was made, but at last Edgington began to gain ground and
after a long race he distanced them, made his escape and reached
his home in safety. Captain John, who headed the Indians on this
occasion, and who, after peace Was made, hunted in this county,
was often heard to say that the white man who ran away "was
smart fellow ; he run and I run, and he run and run. At last white
man run clear off from me."

28s

WAR OF 1812.

A cursory view of Indian affairs prior to the war of 1812, will
enable us the more clearly to understand the real cause of the war.
Although the popular notion is that it grew out of the assumed
right of search for British seamen on American vessels, it will be
observed by the reading people that the British never wholly ac-
knowledged the independence of the colonies. Therefore, by or-
der of the British council, during her war with France, all our ves-
sels, under penalty of liabiHty to capture, were obliged to call at a
British port on their passage to or from France or her allies. Na-
poleon, in retaliation, decreed that all vessels that had submitted to
this regulation should be liable to capture by his cruisers. This, in
addition to the British impressment of our seamen, was an outrage
not to be tolerated by an independent people. Prior to this — in-
deed, ever since the treaty of Greenville, the Indian agents — prin-
cipally McKee — had been busy sowing the seeds of dissension
among the Indians, which were finally to be nurtured into open
hostility. The prime disturbing elements among the Indians were
the Prophet and his illustrious brother Tecumseh, or more properly,
Tecumthe, who claimed that the Indian title to their lands was
never extinguished by the treaty of Greenville. He traveled from
north to south, and east to west, "in his endeavors to unite all the
Indian tribes to resist the incursion of the whites, in which he was
encouraged by the British agents in this country. To strengthen
his influence, the Prophet assumed the role of seer and oracle, and
with bold effrontery pretended to receive communications from the
Great Spirit; and having by some means ascertained the date of an
eclipse of the moon, warned the Indians to rise and slay the whites;
that the Great Spirit was angry at their delay, and on a certain
night would hide his face from them. The event coming to pass
as foretold, filled the superstitious minds of the Indians with perfect
confidence in his supernatural powers and with dreadful apprehen-
sions of the divine visitation unless they obeyed his commands.

ORGANIZING THE ARMY. 287

Their crushing defeat by General Wayne still rankled in their
bosoms, and cried aloud for vengeance. At the treaty of Fort
Wayne, in 1809, the Indians ceded their lands along the Wabash.
Tecumseh was absent, and the Prophet and his band were not in-
vited, because they did not own the land. . On Tecnmseh's return,
he threatened to kill the chiefs who had signed the treaty. This
led to negotiations between this celebrated chief and General Har-
rison, which only increased their complications. The wily chief
sought to stave off open hostility till he could bring all the tribes
together, and strike a simultaneous blow in conjunction with the
British, as soon as war was declared between England and the
United States.

After his last stormy interview with General Harrison, Tecumseh
departed for the south, leaving tJie Prophet in charge. That ambi-
tious schemer rushed the Indians into open hostilities, by instigating
murders and plundering, until the battle of Tippecanoe, which, al-
though he had told them that the Great Spirit had vouchsafed to
him certain victory, terminated disastrously to the savages.

This battle, fought against the express advice of Tecumseh, frus-
trated his plans for a confederation of all the tribes. The Prophet
was in disgrace. Said a Winnebago chief to him : " You are a
liar; for you told us that the whites were dead or crazy, when they
were all in their senses, and fought like the devil! " He answered
by saying there must have been some mistake in the compounding
of his decoctiqn. He was reduced to a fac simile of ^sop's bray-
ing donkey in the lion's skin. It is related that Tecumseh upbraid-
ed him in the most severe terms, and on his offering palliating re-
plies, seized him by the hair, shook him violently, and threatened
to take his life.

On Tecnmseh's return, he insolently demanded ammunition at
Fort Wayne, which being denied him, he said he would go to his
British father, who would not deny him; remained standing
thoughtfully a moment, then gave an appalling war-whoop and dis-
appeared.

Meanwhile the affairs between the United States and Great
Britain were rapidly approaching a crisis: April, 1812, an embar-
go was laid by congress on all the shipping in the ports of the
United States. An act authorizing the president to detach one
hundred thousand militia*for six months was passed, also for organ-
izing a regular army. The same month a requisition was made by

288 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.-

the president on Ohio for twelve hundred militia, in obedience to
which Governor Meigs issued orders to the major generals of the
middle and western divisions of the state for their respective quotas
of men, to rendezvous at Dayton April 29th. With an ardor and
love of country unsurpassed, many more than were v^^anted ten-
dered their . services, and citizens of the first circles of society
flocked in from Montgomery, Miami, Greene, Warren, Fayette,
and surrounding counties, literally contending with each other
who should go first. The oflicers elected for the three regiments
formed were respectively :

First regiment — Colonel, Duncan McArthur; majors, James
Denny and William A. Trimble.

Second regiment — Colonel, James Findley ; majors, Thomas
Moore and Thomas B. Vanhorne.

Third regiment — Colonel, Lewis Cass; majors, Eobert Morrison
and J. R. Munson.

On the 25th of May, 1812, they were formally put'under the com-
mand of General Hull, governor of the territory and superintend-
ent of Indian afltairs. Speeches were made by Governor Meigs,
Colonel Cass, and General Hull, and the fire of patriotism and mil-
itary ardor burned brightly in every bosom, and all things looked
auspicious.

June 1st the army marched up the Miami to Staunton, in Miami
County, wdiere they halted until their baggage came up the river
in boats; on the arrival of which they continued t^eir march to
Urbana, about thirty miles east of Staunton, where, on the 8th,
they were informed that they would be reviewed by the governor
and some Indian chiefs. At this place Governor Meigs- and Gen-
eral Hull held a council with twelve chiefs of the Shawanoes, Wy-
andot and Mingo nations, to obtain leave to pass through their
territory, which was readily granted, and every facility oflered to
aid the progress of the army. It was the humane policy of the
government, in diametrical contrast with the contemptible course
of Great Britain, to exhort the Indians to neutrality, in order to
avoid the horrors of the tomahawk and scalping knife.

June 15th they broke camp and marched for Detroit, on their
way wading through a swamp knee deep for over forty miles.

On Saturday, September 22d, news reached Dayton that Hull
had surrendered at Detroit, August 16th. This created intense ex-
citement and consternation along the frontier counties, and steps

A COUNCIL WITH THE INDIANS.

were at once taken to organize the militia. There were over forty
thousand dollars' worth of public stores at Piqua, and the Indians
who had assembled there at the grand council were still hanging
around. Hand-bills were distributed, calling upon all able bodied
citizens to rendezvous with arms at Dayton, immediately, to march
to the relief of the frontiers. On Sunday morning, before seven
o'clock, a company of seventy men was raised and under marching
orders for Piqua in a few hours, led by Captain James Steele. Be-
fore the morrow, seven other companies were raised from the sur-
rounding country, with Captain Caldwell's troop of horse, and
Johnston's rifle company from Warren Count}^, which latter, in
company with Adams' battalion left on Monday. General Benjamin
"Whiteman, of Greene County, marched with nearly a full brigade.
By reference to the muster roll, on a subsequent page, in the ab-
sence of tangible data, we can see some of the names of those who
most likely participated in this campaign. The governor gave Gen-
eral Munger command at Piqua, and had the stores removed to
Dayton. The whole country was thoroughly aroused to a sense of
the imminent danger that threatened the frontiers. Troops were
rapidly pushed forward to resist the expected attack of the Eng-
lish and Indians, led by the infamous Proctor and Tecumseh in the
main, whose scattering bands were infesting the isolated settle-
ments. The excitement was intense. All men capable of bearing
arms were scouting, or in the army; women and children were
huddled together in block-houses. Something must be done with
the friendly Indians around the agency at Piqua.

About the 20th of June, 1812, General Harrison held a council
with the chiefs of the Delawares, Shawanoes, Wyandots and Sen-
ecas, informing them that a crisis had arrived which required all
the tribes who had remained neutral, and who were willing to en-
gage in the war, to take a decided stand either for or against the
Americans ; that the president desired no false friends ; that the
proposal of General Proctor to exchange the Kentucky militia (his
prisoners) for the tribes in our friendship, indicated that he had re-
ceived some intimation of their willingness to take up the toma-
hawk against the Americans ; and to give the United States proof
of their disposition, they must either remove with their families
into the interior, or the warriors must fight with him. To the lat-
ter condition the chiefs and warriors unanimously agreed, saying
they had been awaiting an invitation to fight for the Americans.

290 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Harrison exacted a promise from them to fight as white men, not
slay women and children, old men, or defenseless prisoners; for by
their conduct would the British power to restrain Indian ferocity
be measured.

The general humorously told them that he had been informed
that Proctor had promised to deliver him (Harrison) into the
hands of Tecumseh, in case he captured him at Fort Meigs, to be
treated as that warrior might think proper. " Kow," said he,
" If I can capture Proctor, you shall have him for your prisoner,
provided you will agree to treat him as a squaw, and put petticoats
upon him ; for he who would kill a defenseless prisoner must be a
coward."

The subject having been brought before the government, author-
ity was given to enlist them, and the sequel proved that the Indians
who fought under the American standard were uniformly distin-
guished for their orderly and humane conduct. Thus was the
agency at Piqua relieved of a wearisome burden, and the indolent
warriors utilized, who, by their military discipline, proved the con-
temptible perfidy and cowardice of Proctor.

It is impossible, in this work, to follow General Harrison, through
all his campaigns, to Maiden, Sandwich, Fort Wayne, Detroit, Fort
Meigs, until he practically closes the war by his glorious victory at the
Thames, followed, July 22, 1814, by a treaty of peace, at Greenville,
between the United States, Wj^andots, Delawares, Shawanoes,
Senecas, on the one side, and the Miamis, Weas, and Eel Piver In-
dians, and tribes of Pottawatamies, Ottawas, and Kickapoos, by
which all these tribes were to aid the Americans, in case of the
continuance of war with England, which, fortunately, was also
terminated by the treaty of Ghent, December 24, 1814. Treaties
were subsequently made with all the surrounding tribes, except the
Sacs, of Rock River, who, under the celebrated Black Hawk, re-
fused to attend the treaty, and acknowledged themselves British
subjects, and went to Canada for presents. Thus we observe the
germ of the Black Hawk war, in 1832, which, being remote, cre-
ated no serious perturbations in this country. So, likewise, with the
Mexican war, though participated in by a few of our citizens.

In the year 1814, either in December or January, Major Samuel
Myers, of this county, was employed by the army contractors to
superintend the transportation of eight hundred hogs, from Urbana,
Ohio, to Fort Wayne, Ind. These hogs were bought in Madison

GUARDING THE PROVISIONS. 291

and Fayette Counties, the Funk family furnishing the larger por-
tion. John Funk accompanied Major Myers. In the latter part
of December, with a guard of twelve soldiers under Ensign Gil-
more, a number of cattle and about forty pack-horses, and a few
assistants, the party started from Urbana, through the thick forest,
to Fort Wayne. Although Indians were plenty they passed on
quietly, occasionally stopping to allow the hogs to feed on the
abundance of acorns in the forest.

The St. Mary's River, and Shanes Prairie were covered with ice,
upon which the hogs and party crossed. The day before reaching
their destination, being bright and sUnshiuy, the pack-horses were
allowed to crop the tall bear-grass that stuck up above the ice,
while Myers, Funk and the soldiers remained, and the hands drove
on the hogs. They had not proceeded far, yelling and liallooing at
the hogs, until suddenly all was still. The major thinking some-
thing was wrong, mounted his horse and rode rapidly towards
them. On approaching, he found them all huddled together,
pale and trembling with fear. They informedhim, that while driv-
ing the hogs, they suddenly beheld about forty Indians, armed,
equipped, and in their war paint, sitting on their horses in a line
not over a hundred yards from the road, then moving off towards
the party in the rear.

The major, after hearing this, put spurs to his horse and galloped
back, and ordered the pack-horses and soldiers to come up imme-
diately. The drivers insisted on leaving all the stock in the woods,
and rushing to the fort fifteen miles away ; but were ordered to re-
main until attacked. They then drove on to a favorable place,
halted, and threw out a guard of six soldiers, cooked supper, put
out the tire, and moved away about three hundred yards, cut beech-
brush, laid it on the snow, put their blankets upon it, increased
the. number of guards, tied their horses close to their heads, and with
their guns in their hands, bivouacked for the night, but not to sleep.

About ten o'clock, at night, a furious snow storm set in, which
by midnight fell to the depth of ten inches. Major Myers know-
ing the Indians would not make an attack in such a storm ordered
in the guards.

The sequel proved the truth of his predictions. The night passed
undisturbed, and in the morning. Major Myers rode to the fort,
then in command of Major Whistler, who sent out a detachment
to guard the stock while on the road to the fort.

292 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Prior to this, the celebrated chief, White Pigeon, had been con-
fined a prisoner at the fort, and made his escape two days before
the stock was expected to arrive. It was pretty certain that he
knew that the stock was on the road. It was, therefore, at once
supposed that the Indians led by him, with the intention of at-
tacking the party and capturing the stock. It appears the Indians
knowing the strong resistance that would be ottered, and anticipating
a re-inforcement and pursuit from the fort, feared to make the
attack.

BATTEAL HARRISON AT FORT MEIGS.

The following description of the sortie, from Fort Meigs, in
which Batteal Harrison participated, under command of Captain
Laugh am, is taken from Howe :

Soon after active operations began around the fort. General W. H.
Harrison received word that General Green Clay was near at hand
with a re-enforcement of twelve hundred men. The plan was for
Clay to descend the river in flatboats ; Clay was to detach eight hun-
dred men, who should be landed on the left bank of the river, where
they were to attack the English batteries, spike the cannons and
destroy the carriages, then retreat to the fort, while the remainder
of the troops were to land on the side next to the fort and cut their
way to it through the Indians. When Clay approached the fort, he
detached Colonel Dudley to attack the batteries. To divert the at-
tention of the English and Indians, General Harrison ordered Col-
onel Miller, with his famous Fourth Regulars, to make a sortie on
the side of the river on which the fort stood. He attacked the bat-
teries, spiked the cannon, and, though the English outnumbered
him, he took about forty prisoners and completely routed them.
Colonel Dudley raised the Indian yell and captured the batteries on
the opposite side of the river, but, neglecting to spike the cannon,
and lingering on the spot, his scouts were fired upon by Indians in
ambush. Indians began to swarm around him ; Tecumseh swam
across the river and rushed with his savage hordes upon his rear ;
Colonel Dudley fell by the tomahawk, and scarcely two hundred
out of the eight hundred men reached the fort. The American
prisoners were taken to the old Fort Miami, in which they were
confined. Here the infamous Proct'or allowed the Indians to butch-
er the Americans with the tomahawk and scalping-knife, and tor-

INDIAN ATROCITIES AT PORT MIAMI. 293

ture them as their fancy suggested. He is said to have witnessed
the massacre of over twenty prisoners in this phice. Teciimseh
now made his appearance, ignorant of what was going on inside
of the fort. A British otKcer described his conduct, on this occa-
sion, to and American : He said that suddenly a thundering voice
was heard, speaking in the Indian tongue; he looked around and
saw Tecumseh, riding as fast as his horse could carry him, to a
spot where two Indians had an American killing him, Tecumseh
sprang from his horse and catching one Indian by the throat and
the other by the breast, threw them to the ground. The chief then
drew his tomahawk and scalping-knife, and, running between the
prisoner and the Indians, brandished the weapons madly and dared
any of the hundreds of Indians around him to touch another pris-
oner. His people seemed much confounded. Tecumseh exclaimed,
passionately, " Oh ! what will become of my Indians ! "

He then inquired where General Proctor was, when, suddenl}^
seeing him at a short distance, he demanded of the commander
why he had allowed this massacre.

" Sir," said Proctor, "your Indians cannot be commanded."
"Begone!" answered the chief, sneeringly, "you are unfit to com-
mand ; go and put on petticoats."

JOSIAH HUNT.

The following is taken, with but little changing, from Howe:

During the last war with England a notorious hunter and Indian
fighter, by the name of Josiah Hunt, lived in this vicinity. Power-
fully built, fearless, and thoroughly versed in woodcraft, he Avas a
terror to the Indians. He was a member of Wayne's legion, and
participated in the battle of Fallen Timbers, August 20, 1794.

In the beginning of the battle, while he was rushing through the
tangled net-work of logs, he was fired at by a savage, whom he
had scared up in such haste that his aim was harmless, the bullet
whizzing through the hair over his right temple, causing a singing
in his ear for a long time. The Indian, after firing, took to his
heels, and as he ran zigzag. Hunt aimed at a'red stripe along his
naked back, fired, and bounding in the air, the redskin expired.

Being an expert hunter, he was employed to supply the oflicers
with game, while the army was encamped at Greenville in 1793.
Environed by savages, the task was perilous in the extreme. The
Indians climbed trees in the vicinity of the fort, and watched the
garrison. If one Was observed going out, note was taken of the
direction, his path was ambushed, and his scalp rewarded the assas-
sin. To forestall this, Hunt left the fort in the darkness, and
once in the woods, "our chances," said he, "were equal."

After leaving the 'fort, he made his way to the vicinity of his
next day's hunting, and camped for the night. His plan to keep
from freezing was unique. With his tomahawk he would dig a
hole about the size and depth of a hat crown. Into this he placed
dead white oak bark. Igniting this with flint and steel, he care-
fully covered it, leaving an air-hole on each side. Spreading bark
or brush over this miniature coal-pit, enveloped in his blanket, he
sat down with it between his le^s, and slept the sleep of a watchful
hunter. When his fire grew low, he would give it a few blows
through the ventilators, and it was all right again. In this way, he
said, he could niake himself sweat whenever he chose. The snap-

JOSIAH HUNT. 295

ping of a twig aroused him ; and with his hand on his trusty rifle,
his keen eye penetrating the silent gloom around, boded no good
to the savage intruder, man or beast.

Sitting before our own quiet hearths, surrounded by all the com-
forts and luxuries of civilization, we scarce can realize the immi-
nent dangers, privations, and hardships through which our fore-
fathers passed. Alone, amidst the denizens of the wilderness, in a
"dreary forest, swarming with enemies, bloodthirsty, crafty, and of
horrid barbarity, without a friend or human being to aiford him
the least aid, in the depth of winter, the freezing winds moaning
through the leafless branches of the tall trees," the howling of the
gaunt grey wolf — all conspired to awaken emotions of fear in the
bravest heart. There would he sit in his blanket, nodding in his
uneasy sleep, scarce distinguishable from surrounding objects, defy-
ing the rigors of winter, yet showing no fire; calm, ready, and
prompt to engage in mortal combat with any foe, whether Indian,
bear, or panther. At daylight he proceeded slowly, and with ex-
treme caution, to look for game, at the same time watching closely
for Indians.

AVhen he espied a deer, previous to shooting it he put a bullet in
his mouth, with which to reload, which he invariably did immedi-
ately after firing. Peering in every direction, he cautiously ap-
proached his game, dragged it to a tree, and with his back against
it, he would skin awhile, then straighten up and scan his surround-
ings, to ascertain if the report of his gun had attracted a foe. Sat-
isfied in this direction, he resumed skinning. The breaking of a
stick, or the slightest sound, was sufiicient to arouse all his vigilance,
and with his trusty rifle firmly grasped, he was ready for any emer-
gency. Having skinned and quartered the animal, the choicest
parts were packed in the hide, slung over his shoulder, and carried
to the fort. Once while hunting, he suddenly came upon three In-
dians within easy gun-shot. His position was above them. Un-
conscious of his presence, they were marching in Indian file, little
dreaming of the deadly rifle, whose owner was waiting to get two
of them in range. ISTot succeeding in this, and deeming the odds
too great otherwise, he allowed them to pass unharmed. Through
all his perilous adventures, and constant exposure to danger in all
its forms, he passed unscathed, in great part due to constant watch-
fulness, which seemed to render these faculties almost involuntary.

During the winter of 1793 he made seventy dollars, solely by

296 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

hunting. At the treaty of Greenville, the Indians inquired for him.
and when he made his appearance they crowded around him, and
were profuse in their praises and compliments. They seemed to
consider him next in greatness to Wayne. " Great man," said the3\
" Captain Hunt great warrior ; good hunting man ; Indian no can
kill!" They informed him that often their bravest and most cun-
ning warriors had set out expressly to kill him ; they had often
seen him; could recognize him by his dress, especially his cap,
which was made of coon skin, with the tail hanging down behind,
the front turned up, and ornamented with three brass rings. They
knew his mode of making a camp-fire, which excited their admira-
tion. Yet with all the glory of captnring such a noted hunter in-
citing them, they could never snrprise him, never get within shoot-
ing distance without being discovered, and exposed to his unerring
rifle. Some years after the war he removed to Indiana, and has
never been heard of since.

EFFECTS OF THE WAR OF 1812.

Previous to this war the country was thinly settled, vast stretches
of forests remaining in primitive luxuriance. The inhospitable
woods were the habitation of wolves, wild Indians and panthers,
who roamed undisturbed throughout the boundless solitudes; but
her beauties were not long hidden. The watchful eye of the dar-
ing hunter observed her rich and fertile valleys, sparkling streams,
delicious summers and fruitful autumns, and game and range for
all, and the sound of the ax was heard on every hand, from the
banks of the Ohio to the prairies that skirt the far away Mississip-
pi. Look now abroad, and lo ! the forest, the Indian and his wig-
wam, his light canoe, and the moccasined hunter have all sunk in-
to the past. The ax of the white man, and the ordinance of 1787
have efl'ected these changes.

Auxiliary to these are : first, the Christian religion, the handmaid
of civilization, the bulwark of civil liberty ; secondly, the love of
labor— noble and honest labor — ofispring of sober thought, and im-
munity from evil propensities superinduced by the first. To the
combined effects of these two potent agencies, therefore, are we to
ascribe the great progress, and the man}- changes that have taken
place in our noble county since the first lonely pioneer cleared a
spot for his solitary cabin.

Notwithstanding the energy of the pioneers, the country was
paralyzed for a time by the war and the consequent reduced cir-
cumstances of the people, especially those whom it more immedi-
ately afifected, yet we see almost a supernatural recuperation and pro-
gression in all directions.

The character of her soil having been made known, the conse-
quence of which was that when the country was entirely free from
Indians, and all danger removed by the treaty of Ghent, the hardy
and enterprising Virginians and Pennsylvanians, and the unique
Yanl^ee, whose inventive and mechanical genius has rendered his
name almost a synonymn for these terms, made their appearance in

298 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

this county. A better combination for the development of a new
country could not have been found. The sturdy habits, iron will
and agricultural proclivities of the one, impelled by indomitable
energy, leveled the forests, converted the barren wilderness into
fruitful fields, and shed the light of civilization where darkness
and gloom had hitherto reigned supreme, while the ever active, al-
most ubiquitous mind of the other soon gave birth to the me-
chanical appliances of civilization.

THE OLD MUSTER.

As it may be a matter of interest to many to know the military
discipline to which the youth of early days were subjected, we de-
vote a page to its explanation.

July 25, 1788, a law was published at Marietta for " regulating
and estabHshing the militia," which was confirmed by the territorial
legislature, and approved by the governor (St. Clair).

This law provided that all male citizens between the ages of
sixteen and fifty, should perfcy-m military duty, be armed with a
musket and bayonet, cartridge-box and pouch, or powder-horn and
bullet-pouch, one pound of powder and four of lead, priming wire,
brush and six flints. •

For the promotion of health, civilization and morality they were
required to drill on the first day of each week, at ten a. m., armed
and equipped, adjacent to the place of public worship, and at all
other times and places as the commander in chief should direct.
For failing so to appear on the first of the week, they were fined
twenty-five cents; and for failure on the day designated by the
commander in chief, fifty cents ; for refusing to do guard duty, one
dollar, and for refusing to serve in case of invasion, they were con-
sidered guilty of desertion and court martialed.

On the 23d of November, 1788, the governor and judges publish-
ed a law providing that all who should not furnish arms and ac-
coutrements according to law, after thirty days' neglect, should, for
a musket and bayonet, be fined five dimes ; for every pound of pow-
der and four pounds of lead not furnished in fifteen days, two
dimes and five cents; for every powder-horn and bullet-pouch, two
dimes; for every six flints not provided within ten days, one dime
and five cents, and brush not provided within thirt}' days, one dime.
They were also to be inspected by the commandant of companies,
on the first Sabbath of each month. By a law passed July 2, 1791,
all commandants of companies were to drill their men two hours on
each last day of the week, and inspect their arms, ammunition, etc.

299

300 HISTOEY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

All who attended the drill on Saturday, were excused from church
or drill on Sunday. Also if they attended church, armed and
equipped, they were not required to drill on Saturday. Thus the
law remained until December 13, 1799, when the whole was re-
vised by the territorial legislature, which fixed the ages at eighteen
and forty-five, men were to be armed and equipped in six months,
oflicers to have sword or hanger and espontoon (spontoon or pike),
arms exempt from execution. It also provided for districting and
officering the militia; the commissioned and non-commissioned of-
ficers to be drilled by the brigadiers, six days, five hours each, dur-
ing the year. Company musters once in every two months, except
December, January, February and March. Each batalion to mus-
ter in the month of April every year, and a muster of the regiment
in October. For non-attendance at company muster, one to three
dollars; regimental or battalion, one dollar and a half to six dollars.

By act of December 30, 1803, Quakers, Menonites and Tunkers
were exempt from military duty on payment of three dollars each
year. Privates were allowed twelve months to equip, and fine re-
duced from one dollar to a dollar and a half. "

February 14, 1809, all laws for organizing, etc. were repealed.
Only two company musters a year, in April and September. Bat-
talion once in April and September. Commissioned to meet in
August of each year for two days' exercise, according to Steuben's
tactics.

February 2, 1813, a bounty of twelve dollars per mouth was al-
lowed soldiers whose term of service had expired, in case they con-
tinued until their places could be supplied.

Passing over all the intermediate laws, continually changing the
mode of organizing, times of drilling, fines, etc., we finally reach
the act of 1844, which declares military duty a failure in so far as
the improvement of morals is concerned, and excuses the rank and
file from drilling in time of peace, thus verifying the words of
Dry den —

" Eaw in fields the rude militia swarms ;
Mouths without hands ; maintained at vast expense,
In peace a charge, in war a weak defense ;
Stout once a month they march a blustering band
And ever, but in times of need, at hand."

On the prairie, north of Oldtown, was a favorite place for drill-
ing, as was also Washington, in this county. It was a day

THE OLD xMUSTER. 301

looked forward to with a great deal of pleasure. At the command
of the captain to "stand at ease," the sergeants passed along the
line with a bucketfull of whisky, tin cup in hand, to which every
man helped himself according to his calibre. The officers were
more highly favored.

Da3'S of regimental and battalion muster w^ere agreeable occa-
sions, but officer muster w^as creta notandam.

Then these men sw'elled out w'ith warlike pride, and "set the
teeth and stretched the nostrils wdde," and "gave the eye a terrible
aspect," and as sable — save the blue coats and brass buttons —
knights of old, they pranced upon their pampered steeds, wdth the
glitter of the polished saber, the waving white plume, the brilliant
sash and flashing epaulet, the proud recipients of many admiring
smiles from fair ladies whose sparkling eyes rivaled their own gay
uniforms in brilliancy; wdiile the stolid' anti-bellum Quaker, looking
on, exclaimed with the sentiment of the frogs, "It may be fun for
you, but it is death to us."

We subjoin a few^ of the names given us by J. L. Myers, from
the muster-roll of the third company, odd battalion, third brigade,
of the militia of the State of Ohio.

Samuel Myers, captain. Joseph Thomas.

David Allen, lieutenant. Jonathan Smith.

Enoch Harvey, ensign. Albert Ogden.

Isaac Dickason. Jacob Dickason, jr.

James Harvey. John Page.

James McCafferty. Richard M. McCafferty.

David McOafl:erty. William Morgan.

Charles White. Abraham Coon.

Peter Coon, fifer. Michael Coon.

Henry Coon. Adam Coon.

Thomas Barton. Jesse Barton.

Jesse Stretch. William Sawyer.

James Rozell. Amos Hankins.

Jacob Thompson. Armstead Carder.

John McGowan. James McGowan.

George Kyle. Larkin Asher.

George Allen. Jeremiah Allen.

Elijah Allen. James Allen.

Arnold Richards. Daniel Hinkle.

James Henderson. I. Rankin.

302

HISTOKY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

John Sowers.
John Herrod.
Horatio Walker.
Michael Hawk.
James Thompson.
Solomon Parker.
George Jamison.
Amos Harris.
Jeremiah Thomas.
James Kerr.
Moses Stein.
John Mclntire.

Jeremiah Riley.
Samuel Herrod
Thomas Cook.
Robert Corbet.
George Basick. ,
Aaron Parker.
James Wilson.
John Thomas.
John Alexander.
Michael Hornbeck.
Thomas Nolin.

SHARP-SHINS OR CUT MONEY.

From the abundance of her agricultural products, and especially
her live stock, Fayette County, though in her infancy, sent many
supplies to the army during its operations in the northwest, in the
war of 1812.

The almost impassible condition of the roads rendered transpor-
tation towards the north very expensive and difficult, requiring all
the assistance that. could be obtained for that purpose. While the
snow was on the ground, sleds were used in preference to wagons,
for carrying supplies to the St. Marys, thence to be forwarded north
by water. A good deal of money was pat in circulation by the
sale of army supplies to the government; as many as eight hun-
dred hogs having been furnished at one time, principally from this
county. In these transactions the government paid partly in spe-
cie, but mainly through the banks in Cincinnati : Miami Export-
ing Company, Bank of Cincinnati, and John H. Piatts' bank.
Piatt was a heavy army contractor, and his notes obtained an ex-
tensive circulation during the war.

A noted peculiarity of the money put in use in the Miami and
Scioto valleys, previous to and during the war, was what they de-
nominated cut money. This is said to have originated in Kentucky;
the object being to keep silver in home circulation, where it was
current at par in ordinary business transactions, while it was not
receivable in exchange for public lands, or merchandise outside of
the county. The Spanish milled dollar, or quarter, was taken to
the blacksmith, who, placing it on his anvil, with a cold chisel cut
it into two, four, and sometimes five pieces, keeping the fifth for
toll, and yet having four quarters remaining. Occasionally it was
cut still smaller, its vernacular names being quarters, bits, and tips.
Again, you would often hear the term, eleven-penny-bit, and five-
penny-bit; hence, eleven-pence, fip-and-a-bit — undoubtedly taken
from the English, and brought into this country by Pennsylva-

304 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. •

The name "sharp-shins" arose from the sharp edges exposed
after cutting, not unlike the tibial angle of that unfortunate class
who can not boast of adipose tissue, otherwise known as sheep
shanks. Sharp-shins could not be carried in the pocket, but a
stout leather bag was provided, which confined it until spent for a
hunting shirt, or some other useful article. Though metallic in its
nature, it did not possess that tendency to burn through the pocket
'of the youth of 1812, as we now so often observe in the modern
greenback.

Shortly after the beginning of the war state banks were institu-
ted, shin-plasters became the medium of circulation, and sharp-
shins took their departure.

M '^

'■ff^ ffi

-^i .,,-

tfi. ^^aMei.

PIONEER GIRLS.

Ill drawing a contrast between the past and the present, w^e are
led to inquire, What have all the refining intluences of Christianity
and civilization done to elevate the standard of the female sex to a
higher position of excellence in society? Suppose a youth of eighty
years ago should call to pass an hour or so with his lady-love, and
find her hair done up in frizzles and frouzles, bangs, spit-curls, gum
tragacanth, quince seeds, etc., playing on the piano, or reading the
latest novel, while her poor old mother was bending over the wash
tub ; conversely, let us suppose a youth of to-day, with his fancy
livery turnout, button-hole bouquet, red silk rag dependent from his
coat pocket, cigar at an angle of forty-five, in the northeast corner
of his mouth, gold-washed chronometer, patent-leather boots, and
hair parted on the meridian of his brainless skull, should call to see
his inamorata, and find her pulling flax, or in the barn, swingling
the same, dressed in linsey, her feet uncramped by side lace, her
hair unconfined, " wooed by every wind." The result, in each case,
can be imagined by the reader.

The clothes for the pioneer family were manufactured from the
raw material ; no muslin, in the first decade of the nineteenth cen-
tury, supplied the place of home-made linen. The men generally
sowed tlie flax, gathered, and broke it, leaving to the women the
succeeding steps in its transformation into wearing material, namely,
pulling, spreading to water, rolling, taking up, swingling, hackling,
spinning, weaving, and making int;p garments. With all this before
them, and without that inevitable modern appendage, a hired girl,
they kept themselves and their houses neat and tidy ; and when
the bride of those days of natural simplicity and hard work, when
the hands find plenty to do, and the mind is pure and innocent,
leaves the arms of her mother, the ceremonies attendant upon her
nuptials were unostentatious, No broadcloth scissor-tailed coat, no
stove-pipe beaver, no Alexandre seamless, no flash of the diamond,
nor the gauz}^ rccd point lace, nor silks, nor satins, adorned the

306 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

scene ; but the honest pioneer, in his home-made hunting shirt,
buckskin breeches, moccasins on his feet, with dried leaves for
stockings, and his big heart full of love, stood by the side of the
innocent girl, in her linsey-woolsey frock, guiltless of all "magnolia
balm," or " bloom of youth," quince seed, frizzles, etc., except that
which nature gave her; for she is nature's child, pure and
artless.

CORN HUSKINGS.

The modus operandi with corn was for all hands to go into the
field, and jerk oft* and throw in heaps till dinner. In the afternoon
it was hauled in, and either thrown in heaps or more commonly
one long pile. When the crop was all thus gathered, preparations
were made for a night's husking. The neighbors for miles around
were invited in. Two captains were chosen, who each selected an
equal number of assistants. The pile was then divided equally, by
placing a pole on the center. If there were two heaps, one cap-
tain had first choice of hands, and the other of heaps. When all
were ready, "Black Betty" was handed around to get up the proper
spirit, and work began in good earnest, the object being to see who
could husk out on his side of the dividing line first. After many
whifts at old " Black Betty," as the whisky bottle was familiarly
called, the victorious party placed the bottle in the hands of the
captain, and two stout men would seize him, one by each leg, and
amid the shouts of " Hoist the captain ! " lift him up and carry him
over to the other party, and with swinging of hats and yells of
victory, parade him along the lines of the vanquished buskers.
Then old Betty was passed from mouth to mouth until all felt glo-
riously happy.

"The night drave on wi' sangs and clatter,
And ay the rum was growing better ;
The souter tauld his queerest stories,
The woodman's laugh was ready chorus;
Care, mad to see men so happy,
E'en drowned himself among the nappy.
Kings may be blest, but they were glorious.
O'er all the ills o' life victorious."

GAME AND HUNTERS.

The rich, juicy grass, cool, sparkling springs, in some parts deep
forests, pellucid streams, afibrded sustenance and delightful retreats
for every species of game, from the fish to the otter, from the squir-
rel to the conger and bear. The scream of the panther and the
squall of the wild cat mingled with the sweet song of the thrush,
and the howl of the wolf drowned the sweet notes of the mocking
bird, while stolid bruin roamed the woods, with no ear for music
save the squealing of the pioneer hog.

The rifle was an inmate of every household, in the use of which
our forefathers were very familiar, and were very solicitous in keep-
ing it in perfect working condition. Those who could afford it,
kept two rifles, one for large game, carrying about forty to the
pound, and a smaller, or squirrel rifle, running from 120 to 140 to
the j)ound. The powder flask was made from the horn of an ox,
boiled and scraped so thin as to transmit the rays of light; a round
block of wood neatly fitted to the bottom, and a plug inserted in
the smaller end, with usually a buzzard's quill for a charger.

The territory watered by Deer, Paint, Rattlesnake, Sugar, and
Compton creeks, now embraced in the limits of this county, when
first settled abounded in all kinds of game, and had been for many
years the favorite hunting grounds of the Indians; and long after
the white man's cabin was erected they built their camps and fol-
lowed the old trails over the white man's fences, and through his
tilled fields, they struck the trace in the woodlands.

There was an old Indian fort on the bank of Sugar Creek, where
the Indians would stop on their route from Fort Clark to Oldtown.
Captain Burnett, a Virginian, and settler of 1810, says that parties
of them, during their yearly hunts, were in the habit of camping
at the old site years after the white man came in, rest awhile, and
where sitting around his solitary camp-fire, he reviews the scenes of
the past, and in his reveries we seem to hear him bemoan the past
as follows : "Our fathers have passed away like vapors from the

308

GAME AND HUNTERS. 309

earth ; bur very history is fading into forgetfiilness, and the places
that once knew us will know ns no more forever; our graves have
been trodden under foot ; our forests destroyed ; our hunting
grounds have disappeared ; Ave have been driven from our native
abodes and the sepulchers of our fathers ; hunted like wild beasts
about the earth, and with violence and butchering sent down to the
grave." In the language of an old warrior: "We are driven back
until we can retreat no farther; our hatchets are broken, our bows
are snapped, our fires are nearly extinguished ; a little longer, and
the white man will cease to persecute us, for we shall cease to
exist."

Among the first hunters of note in this county was Jacob Allo-
way, whose territory lay along tlie valleys of Paint and Compton
creeks.

Daniel Grubs, moving from A^irginia to Kentucky, came thence
to Fayette, and dwelt on Glaze's Run. The trees around yet bear
marks of his presence, and bear, wolf, and deer alike fell before the
aim of his deadly rifle.

Edmond Blearage, John Arnold, George and Samuel Viniger,
James Stewart, John Hase, David Baldwin, John Gest, and H. H.
Harmer, were all men who made a specialty of hunting, and were
noted marksmen.

George Rupert claimed to have shot in one season one hun-
dred and twenty deer, two bears, wolves, and many of other
game.

George Roughner, a hater of Indians, and a Virginian by birth,
arrived in the Scioto Valley in 1789. His father, while serving un-
der Danmore, in 1774, as a spy, was killed by the Indians, and
Rough ner's revenge extended to every exposed Indian. His hunt-
ing grounds were on the Paint and Rattlesnake, and he often met,
at Cedar Pond and Clifife, the hunters from the Hocking and Ken-
tucky. Finally, a volunteer under General Cass, he was slain by
the Indians in 1813.

The Nimrod of old-time hunters was Frederick Berly. The for-
est was his natural home. He loved solitude, and lived a hermit.
A camp frequented by him was on Sugar Creek. From his record,
it appears that he had slain sixty bears, ninety-six panthers, one
hundred and six wolves, one thousand elk and deer, eleven bufta-
loes, and ninety-six Indians. His comrades in the chase were
Boone, Kenton, Wetzel, and others. At the age of one hundred

310 HISTOHY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

and one, lie died in his cabin on the banks of the Mohican, where
a monument was erected to his memory.

A PANTHER SLAIN.

William Robinson, already mentioned as Fayette's first settler,
was surrounded by a multitude of game, and in 1802 killed fifteen
bears, three catamounts, fifteen elk, and one hundred deer. He
was, on one occasion, hunting upon the head-waters of the Eattle-
snake, when a light noise behind him caught his alert ear. Wheel-
ing, he saw at a little distance an enormous panther following his
trail. It was the work of a moment to leap behind a large oak at
hand, pick his flint, and cock his rifle. A failure to inflict a mortal
wound was a prelude to a terrible struggle, and carefully the iron
tube was leveled as the beast came near. He fired, and as the ball
struck the center of its head, the panther fell lifeless to the ground.
Its length was eleven feet, its height thirty inches.

POT-HUNTING.

The grass on the prairies growing as high as a man, and the
many creeks and pools in the country supplying plenty of food
and drink, made the lands of Fayette to abound in game. The
number of deer slain seems incredibly large. In the winter of
1815-16 there fell a snow of sixteen inches, followed by rain, which
froze and formed a crust, on which boys and dogs could travel, but
which broke through beneath the deer. Every one turned deer
hunter, and- venison was peddled in Washington by the settlers at
six cents a saddle, or two saddles for a pound of lead or quarter
pound of powder.

Wild turkeys abounded in the county till 1830. Their meat was
Mdiolesome, and preferred to bear or deer. They have been killed
of twenty pounds weight.

Wolves are dangerous only when famishing. They had here
abundant food, and were never known to make an attack. The
last wolf was killed in 1848, on the waters of Sugar Creek, by
Daniel Carmaen.

Hogs ran at large, and multiplied marvelously. Hordes of them
infested the woods. They had long tushes, long and sharp head
and nose, and when aroused to anger were more to be dreaded

GAME AND HUNTERS. 311

than any beast of the forest. They were swift of foot, and ran like
hounds. Their favorite resort was on the banks of Sugar Creek,
where their nests were made in the jungles.

Snakes were numerous. Of these there were rattlesnakes, black
snakes, the garter, the spotted or " cabin " snake, and the copper-
head.

THE OLD SCHOOL HOUSE.

During the initial steps toward educational advancement in this
county, the facilities for literarj' attainments were not so varied as
are thrown around the youth of to-day.

Following our cicerone along a blazed path through the woods
to the old log school house; rapping, a voice from the far interior
says, " Come in." We pull the latch-string, enter, and at the re-
quest of the " master," settle down upon a puncheon bench, the
cynosure of all eyes. The first thing we observe is that nearly the
whole end of the house is occupied by a fire-place, within whose
capacious depths the crackling blaze sends forth light, heat, and
cheerfulness. Our gaze being attracted to the outside, we look —
not through French plate, but a hole, made by sawing out a log
and replacing it with paper greased with lard. Our attention is re-
called by a shrill voice : " Master, mayn't I git drink ? " The urchin
goes to the bucket, setting on a bench near the door, takes the tin
from the accustomed peg, dips it full, drinks a few sups, holding it
over the bucket meanwhile, pours the balance back, looks around
awhile, goes back to his seat, and with his dog's-eared book close
to his face, is soon lost in study.

We observe the benches are made out of flat rails and puncheons,
with wooden pins in them for legs ; backs they have none. The
"master" has a table made by driving pins in the wall, and placing
hewed puncheons on top of them. Under each window a similar
contrivance accommodates the scholars.

While examining these unique writing-desks, we are again
startled by a sharp cry, apparently in agony : " Master, please
mayn't I go out? " Consent is given, and the bo}^ hurriedly moves
toward the door, pausing to take down a crooked stick and carry it
out with him.^ Our curiosity is excited, and while the "master's"
back is turned, we ask a big, white-headed boy near us what it is
for, who, opening his mouth wide, and staring at us in blank

THE OLD SCHOOL HOUSE. 313

amazement, says : " No other boy don't darst go out while that stick
is gone."

As incentives to close application to study, we observe a rule of
about a pound in weight, and a formidable-looking beechen rod,
whose acquaintance every boy in school has long ago formed.

Dilworth's Arithmetic, Webster's Spelling Book, and the Testa-
ment, were the text books. It seemed to be an expressly settled
fact, that during a recitation a boy could get up a better spirit of
inspiration by stentorian competition with his fellows; and in the
spelling class, the boy that could spell the loudest should stand
head. It was interesting to see the boys at the end of the bench
standing on tiptoe, with every muscle in a quiver, waiting for the
master to say " noon," in order to get out first and raise the biggest
yell.

EARLY MAILS.

Postal facilities in early days were not so varied as at present.
Letters at that time, on account of the difficulty of transmitting
them, and their consequent scarcity, were of vastly more significance
than at present, and to become the favored recipient of one mail a
day was truly enviable.

The stamped envelope had not been invented, and such a thing
as delicately tinted, highly perfumed note paper was altogether un-
known to the most fastidious youth of the land.

The letter was simply folded in such a manner as not to come
open, and the address written upon the blank page. The necessity
of mucilage was not known, as a wafer or red sealing-wax answered
every purpose. In order to transmit this primitive missive over the
country, it was necessary to pay the United States a revenue of
twenty-five cents. Once every two weeks the blowing of a tin
horn announced the arrival of a dilapidated horse and rider, with
a dyspeptic mail bag, containing the semi-monthly news.

The sack was take from the saddle, where it had served as a
cushion, by the mail-carrier, who looked over the anxious gaping
crowd with that stolid indifi^erence born of long habit. While the
contents of the sack were being distributed, after which, with a
few additional letters, he moved on his beat. Such then were the
postal facilities,

Now, a three cent postage stamp will send a letter from ocean to
ocean, or the telegraph transmit a»message, with lightning speed,
far across the ocean, to all the nations of the globe.

PIGEON ROOSTS.

Beginning at the ■aioutb of Sugar Creek, and extending down
both banks of Paint Creek, about one and one-half miles, was a
dense grove of cedar trees, known throughout the country as the
'< Cedar Hole."

At these roosts the pigeons congregated to breed, and in some
cases one tree would contain a hundred nests. The noise at night
caused by the continual fluttering of birds and the cracking of ov-
er-loaded branches could be heard for quite a distance, and each
morning, it is said, the ground was strewn with dead and wounded
birds, so that the pioneers in the vicinity were bountifully supplied
with pigeons without gun or club.

Samuel, John and Frank Waddle, Henry Snyder, William Blair
and sons, Frank McLaughlin, Jack Daugherty, and indeed all the
neighborhood for miles around, visited this spot at night, arriving
about sunset as the pigeons began to come in. It is said that the
noise created by their arrival was almost equal to the roar of a cat-
aract, continuing for two or three hours, until they became so far
settled down as the breaking limbs would permit, when they knock-
ed them ofl' the trees, wrung ofl' their heads and turned them over
to the housewife, who soon converted them into delicious pot-pie,
roast, etc.

THE JUDICIARY. •

On the 15th day of April, 1803, the general assembly of the
State of Ohio, passed an act establishing the judiciary system of
that time. It determined that the supreme court of the state
should consist of three judges chosen in the manner directed in
the constitution, that is, they were to be appointed by a joint ballot
of both houses of the general assembly ; and they were to hold
their office for the term of seven years, "if so long they behave
well." This court was declared to have original jurisdiction in all
civil cases, both in law and equity, where the title of land was in
question, or where the sum in dispute exceeded the value of one
thousand dollars. It had exclusive cognizance of all criminal causes
where the punishment was capital ; and of all other crimes and of-
fenses not cognizant by a single justice of the peace ; it had cogni-
zance concurrent with the court of conmion pleas.

By this act, also, tha state was divided into circuits, of which the
counties of Hamilton, Butler, Montgomery, Greene, Warren and
Clermont comprised the first district. A president of the court of
common pleas was to be appointed in each circuit, in the same
manner that the supreme judges received their appointment. The
president, together with three associate judges, appointed in a sim-
ilar way, for each county in the state, constituted the court of com-
mon pleas for such count3\

COURTS AND COURT HOUSES.

It is said that the first court in the county was held in the cabin
of John Devault, a little north of the present site of Bloomingburg,
presided over by Judge John Thomson. It appears that chairs
were a scarce article and Mrs. Devault's bed was pressed into ser-
vice by his honor, for which he received a severe Caudle lecture
from the old lady. Sometimes a stable, and again the adjoining
hazel thicket accommodated the grand jury in its sittings. Judge

COURTS AND COURT HOUSES. 317

Thomson is described as a man of Puritanical morality, and dis-
tinguished himself by the long and tedious moral lectures he in-
variably delivered in open court to culprits tried before him. To
such an extent did he indulge this practice, and so severely did he
lash them, that his lectures were much more dreaded than the sen-
tence of the law.

It is quite difficult to reconcile the date and locality at which the
first courts in the town of Washington were held. Time has taint-
ed the credibility of contemporary sources, but in the absence of
direct or presumptive evidence to the contrary, theauthority of Judge
McLain and William Robinson seems to be the most satisfactory.

In about the year 1811 a double round-log cabin was standing on
the corner of Court and Main streets, fronting on Court, on the
site now occupied by Brownell's grocery and Willit's gallery. This
cabin consisted of two independent rooms, probably ten or twelve
feet apart, with the roof meeting in the center and covering the
space between. In the room nearest Main, the first court in Wash-
ington was held, in about the year 1812. While the jury retired to
the hazel brush which grew thickly near, to hold their delibera-
tions, and whenever the presence of the sherift" or prosecuting at-
torney were needed, their names were loudly proclaimed from the
thicket. It is stated that while justice was solemnly dispensed in
one room, whisky was as hilariously sold by the owner of the cab-
in, Valentine Coil, in the adjoining room.

We have no means of knowing just how many terms of court
were held in this cabin, but it appears that the court house was
ready for occupancy at least as early as the spring of 1814; also
that court was held in the cabin during the latter part of the year

1812, and by good authority it is stated that court was held in the
Coil cabin a much longer period than elsewhere, we conclude that
it served as a court house from 1812 till about the latter part of

1813, then was removed to the Melvin (now Vandeman) corner,
and shortly afterwards to the corner now occupied by Brown &
Brothers' drug store, and from here to the

FIRST COURT HOUSE.

Valentine, or "Felty" Coil, while but two years old, was captured
by the Indians and taken to Canada, where he learned to make
brick. Coming to this county in its infancy he found use for his

318 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

knowledge in making brick for the first court house and first brick
building in the county.

Early in 1813, excavations were made on the site of the present
court house and the clay taken out was burnt into brick by Coil
and used in the building, which was completed and occupied as
early as March, 1814. This building was about the same size and
shape as the present main building minus the wings.

The windows were composed of twenty-four lights, each ten by
twelve. The cupola was different from the present, in that it had
no base, or at least a very small one.

Its location was about twenty feet west of the alley, and twenty
feet back from Court Street. While it seems that the building was
in the main finished and occupied in 1814, yet it is stated that two
men, by the names of Life and Burnett, finished the cupola in
1815. It cannot be ascertained who built the house, but it is known
that Jacob Kelley and Silas Young, in addition to "Felty" Coil,
were brick-makers and brick-layers, and resided in Washington at
the time.

In about the year 1828, this building burned down, involving the
loss of nearly all the records.

Court was then removed to a little brick oflice, then occupied by
Judge Wade Loofborough, situated in the rear of the present of-
fice of Dr. Saulsberry, in the BroAvnell grocery building. From
here it was next removed to the house now owned by Mrs. R. A.
Robison, junior, where it was held until the new court house was
built.

NEW COURT HOUSE.

On the first day of February, 1828, the board of commissioners,
then consisting of Jacob Jamison, Thomas Burnett and Matthew
Jones, met for the purpose of entering into negotiations for the
erection of a new court house. Together with other citizens, the
brick walls of the old building, yet remaining, were examined, and
after consulting mechanics and masons, the board decided that they
were not worth repairing. On the following day, after "mature
reflection," the board agreed to build a new court house, with fire
proof offices attached for the clerk of the court, recorder and
auditor.

The clerk ot the board, Norman Jones, was instructed to draft a

COURTS AND COURT HOUSES. 319

plan for the new building, and the auditor was ordered to give no-
tice that the commissioners would meet on the fifth c^ay of March,
following, to receive bids for the building of the new court house.
The auditor was also authorized to sell the brick in the old walls to
the highest and "best" bidder.

On the 23d day of February, the board met to select a location
for the new house, which resulted in their choosing the southeast
corner of the public square, the main building and offices fronting
on Court and Main streets.

It was ordered that a draft be made of the contemplated struc-
ture, the main building to be forty feet square, with a wing thirty
feet long and fourteen feet wide attached, facing each street.

On the day appointed, March 5th, the board met to receive the
bids and award the contract, which resulted in awarding the con-
tract for the erection of the house to Thomas Laughead, of Ross
County, for one thousand three hundred and eighty dollars and
ninety cents, and the carpenter work of the same to John Harbi-
son, of Greene County, for one thousand three hundred and sev-
enty-two dollars and forty cents.

March 4, 1829, one year after the awarding of the above con-
tracts, the house was ready for the inside work, the contract for
which was awarded to John Harbison, for six hundred and eighty-
nine dollars and sixty-seven cents.

The floor of the lower story was to be laid of white or burr-oak,
one and a half inches thick and seven inches wide. The upper, of
yellow poplar. A washboard of good seasoned walnut, one and a
cpiarter inches thick and eight inches wide, surrounding the floor
of the lower story. The fire-places were to be made of brick, with
brick hearth. Also a handsome chair-board of walnut around the
lower story. In the smallest office on Court Street, there were to be
three plain fire-boards in the lower floor.

At the same time the contract for plastering was given to Silas
Young, who undertook to do it for three hundred and twenty-nine
dollars, and on December 8th, same year, the work was completed,
examined by the commissioners aud accepted, and the key deliver-
ed to I^orman F. Jones, who was appointed to take charge of the
building, and enjoined not to open it for any purpose except dur-
ing the sessions of court, without the consent of the board.

On the 10th day of April, 1830, the inside w^ork was examined,
and accepted by the board, and the balance paid. Thus it would

320 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

appear that at this date the new court house was finished and ready
for occupanc;x> although it had been used before fully completed.

June 5, 1833, the board gave Benjamin Croan thirty dollars for
repairing the floor and blinds of cupola, so as to render it water-
proof.

June 29, same year, Jesse Milliken and Wade Loofborough were
appointed to make out a draft of the repairs needed for jury-box
and necessaries for court and bar, not to cost more than fifty dol-
lars, and the auditor was authorized to employ a suitable person to
do the work.

Januar}' 30, 1836, the auditor was authorized to cause a sufficient
quantit}'^ of clay to be so placed at the southwest corner of the
court house as to turn the water from the same, and prevent the
foundation from being undermined.

June 9, 1836, Daniel McLean was ordered to purchase a bell for
the court house, at any sum not to exceed one hundred dollars.

April 4, 1844, a description of an oflice for county auditor, and treas-
urer, was made public, which were to be built on Court Street,
thirty feet long, fourteen feet wide, nine and one-half feet ceiling,
three windows in front, two in the rear, and one door in the north-
east corner. The contract, for which, M^as sold to William Harfor,
for one hundred and fifty dollars ; R. J. Freeman doing the car-
penter work for'one hundred and twenty-five dollars.

March 4, 1846, a description of the repairs to the court house
was made public, and the contract for the same, awarded to Ben-
jamin A. Crone, at four hundred and ninety-six dollars; the inside
to be finished July 10th, and the outside September 1st.

These repairs were as follows : Four girders, 9x12 inches, were
to be placed across the building, resting on the stone pillars, in the
center, upon which a floor of oak plank, one and one-half inches
thick, by eight inches wide, was to be laid. The doors and win-
dows to be repaired so as to fit tight, walls plastered and white-
washed, new panel durable doors for the front entrance ; the outside
walls of the court-room, and fronts of the offices, on Main Street,
to be stained with a solution of Venetian red and lime ; four air holes
9x9, on Main Street, four on Paint, and two on each side of the
rear, immediately under the floor. A new floor in the cupola ;
windows and cornice to be painted with three coats of white lead
and oil; new blinds, etc. ; lightning-rod to be raised; judges seat
raised three steps above the bar, and with the clerk's seat and desks

COURTS AND COURT HOUSES. 321

to be repaired, juror's seats, also, to be raised seven and one-half
inches. Stair case to be sealed up on side, etc.

On the 29th day of August, the work was examined and all ac-
cepted, but blinds and lightning-rod, which were not complete.
They also allowed the contractor two hundred and fifty-six dollars ;
the same amount having been previously allowed. Twenty-one
dollars and seventy-five cents was allowed for extra work.

March 3, 1847, WiUiam Holt, was allowed one dollar for filling
up fire place, and cutting a hole for a stove pipe in the clerk's
office.

December 30, 1848, notice was given that an addition would be
made on the northwest side, twelve feet wide in the clear, by thirty
long; foundation of good stone sunk in the ground eighteen
inches, six inches above the surface and eighteen inches thick, the
balance of the wall of good brick, thirteen inches and eight feet
high in the clear, the whole to be finished in good order July 1,
1849 ; the contract for which was awarded to Nelson H. Reid and
James Grubb, for two hundred and forty-nine dollars and seventy-
five cents.

In 1851, March 5th, the auditor caused a small gate to be put up
between his oflice and Grubb's store ; also a case for books and
papers in his oflice, and to contract with some one to take the
steeple ofl" the court house, just above the dome, and cover it "Cvith
tin or zink, and repair the lightning-rod.

JAILS.

It is said by some that an old dry well served the purpose of the
first jail in Fayette County.

The first jail built at Washington, was located near the present
one, about sixty feet from Main Street, and about" thirty feet south-
east of the alley running along the northwest side of the old pub-
lic square. It consisted of two square pens, one inside the other,
the intervening space of perhaps one foot between the walls being
filled in with stone, the outer wall being about twenty-four feet
square. It was built of hewed logs, was two stories high, and was
erected about 1811 or 1812. At the east corner a door opened itito
a hall-way, about six feet wide, that extended along the northeast
side of the building to the north corner. About five or six feet
from the entrance to this hall, a stairway led to the " debtor's
room" above, where the impecunious delinquent expiated the ter-
rible crime of being too poor to meet his financial engagements,
thereby vindicating the " majesty" of the law — the relic of English
barbarism — that thus confined him. The room below was about
12x18 feet, and was called the "criminal" cell, or dungeon. This
jail was burned, in 1823, by an incendiary; and the sherifif's dwell-
ing, a small frame structure contiguous to the jail, was also de-
stroyed at the same time, with all the household effects of Sherifi:'
liobinson, save a deer-hide trunk, containing some of the clothing
belonging to his deceased wife.

In 1825 a new jail was built on the same square, a little nearer
the alley, and also closer to Main Street. This was a two-story
brick building, twenty-five feet square, and was arranged inside
similar to the old log jail. The walls of this jail were only thir-
teen inches thick, and several prisoners escaped while it was in use.

On the 9th day of December, 1835, the auditor was ordered to
ofifer the old jail for sale on the 15th of the following June, except
such materials as the board might reserve.

January 15, 1836, at a meeting of the board, it was decided that.

JAILS. 323

by reason of a lack of funds, the old jail sliould be repaired in-
stead of building a new one. New walls of brick were to be built,
the same height as the old ones, also one dungeon and one prison
room, and the whole building to undergo general repairs; the con-
tract for which was let to Benjamin A. Crone, for $350. On the
27th of the following August the work was reported completed.

March 7, 1838, James Fenton was ordered by the board to em-
ploy suitable hands to repair the jail, and make it strong and se-
cure, on as " reasonable a condition as possible."

This jail was used until September 16, 1839, when public notice
was given that a new jail was to be built, located on the public
square, forty-four feet front, thirty-live feet back, and two stories
high, with all the necessary cells and other fixtures for the confine-
ment and accommodation of prisoners, all of which work was to
be done by Edward Lamme, for $4,700, who entered into bond for
the faithful performance of the same. After the walls were up the
carpenter work was begun by Benjamin A. Crone, who was to com-
plete the same for $1,000.

September 28, 1840, Edward Lamme, contractor, received per-
mission to make an alteration in the gable end of the jail, and
agreed to deduct twenty dollars from the original contract. He
received one thousand dollars on the 1st of January, 1841, as part
payment for the work performed. Thomas Holland, the contractor
for the cai'penter work, on the 7th of June, 1841, was allowed two
hundred dollars, part payment, on his contract. July 19th, and
21st respectively, Lamme was paid four hundred dollars, and two
hundred dollars additional.

On the 25th of August, 1841, the commissioners after a careful
examination of the masonry of the new jail accepted it, the con-
tractor being paid eleven dollars and sixty-seven cents in full, on
the last payment. Two days later, the carpenter work was exam-
ined and pronounced satisfactory, and executed according to contract,
except the roof, for a defect in which a deduction of one hundred
and fifteen dollars was made. The contractor was paid two hundred
and eighty-five dollars, the full amount due him. On the same day
the board received the jail and jailor's house from the contractors,
and delivered the same to Robert Cissna, sherifl". September 18,
1841, the material of the old jail was sold to Joseph Bell for
one hundred and eighty-six dollars.

James Pursell, auditor, was authorized to procure the necessary

324 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

furniture for the county jail, according to the rules made by Judge
Owen T. Fishback, for at least three rooms, March 5, 1844.

December 5, 1849, the cells were repaired so as to make them
more secure, and in a better condition to receive prisoners.

COUNTY INFIRMARY.

The early residents of this state were in the habit of providing
for the wants of the poor and destitute in this manner. When ap-
plication for the keeping of a person in indigent circumstances
was made to the township trustees, they bound him for a certain
term to the lowest bidder, who was required to give bond for the
faithful discharge of his duty — feeding, clothing, and properly car-
ing for his unfortunate charge. Thus were the poor well cared for,
but not in accordance with the old abolition idea of the people,
who looked with horror on the process of what they termed " sell-
ing human beings at auction ;" however, because of the very few
who required public aid, the matter could not be remedied.

Time rolled on, and with the tide of immigration did the num-
ber of destitute and helpless increase, making it apparent that
measures providing for their care and comfort must be adopted.
To this end, an act providing for the " establishment of County
Poor Houses," was passed by the Ohio Legislature. Any county
having within her limits a sufficient number of paupers, was em-
powered to purchase grounds and erect suitable buildings thereon,
to which all the iniirm and needy were to be admitted, and thus
was the custom of selling human beings, as so many articles of fur-
niture abolished forever.

For a period of nearly fifty years, after its organization, Fayette
County had no public institution in which she could care for her
infirm, but provided for them through her township trustees. In
about 1850, philanthropic citizens agitated the erection of buildings
for this purpose, and in 1853, the board of county commissioners
were induced to take the matter under advisement. On the 7th of
June, 1853, they resolved, that, in their opinion, "it will be proper
and advantageous to the said county, of Fayette, to erect and estab-
lish a poor house, within and for said county, and that they deem
it necessary, for the accommodation of such an institution, to pur-
chase a tract of land, etc." On the same day, Hopkins Shivers, in

325

326 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

consideration of three thousand five hundred and eighty-seven
dollars and fifty cents, deeded to Jacob A. Rankin, Robert Eyre,
and Micajah Draper, commissioners, for the purpose of the accom-
modation and erection of a county poor-house, for the County of
Fayette, the following tract : Being a part of Robert Randolph's
survey ]^o. 119, and bounded, beginning at an ash and two water
beeches; thence west ninety-six and four-fifth's poles, to an ash, red-
oak and dog-wood; thence north one hundred and fifty-four and
one-half poles, to a stone in the center of the turnpike corner, to
Richard Randolph ; thence north seventy-two degrees, east with
the center of said road, one hundred and one poles to a stone in
road and corner, to Judge Jacob Jamison ; thence south, one hun-
dred and eighty-seven and one-half poles to the beginning; con-
taining one hundred and two and a half acres, more oi' less. We
have no means of ascertaining whether steps were taken at once
for the erection of buildings, but presume that such was the case.

July 26, 1853, the commissioners issued an order to Hopkins
Shivers for forty -five dollars and. fifty cents, for furniture for the in-
firmary, probably taken from the house of Hopkins.

Willis Rowe, Joseph McLean and Wesley Wilson, directors, on
June 7, 1854, presented to the commissioners their accounts for
settlement, from the day they took charge — December 17, 1853 —
from which it appeared they had issued orders to the amount of
three hundred and seventy-six dollars and fifty-two cents ; two hun-
dred and ninety-seven dollars and fifty-two cents of which had been
issued for articles for the use of the farm and houses. Sevent}'-
nine dollars were paid William McLelland for his services as super-
intendent of the institution. Willis Rowe was allowed a dollar and
a half per day, for nine days, and one dollar for expense "incurred
in going to Wilmington to procure information in regard to the
government of the institution." Joseph McLean was allowed one
dollar and a half per day, for eight days' service ; Wesley Wilson
the same for six days.

In the meantime, work on the new structure progressed satisfac-
torily, and on the 25th of December, 1854, the board examined the
wood-work, pronounced it executed according to contract, and is-
sued an order for one thousand two hundred and sixty-seven dollars
and forty-tw^o cents to Thomas Dollarhide, the contractor.

May 16, 1855, upon examination, it was ascertained that the plas-
tering had been well done.

CAKDEiR infirmahy S27

On the 4th of June, 1855, Joseph McLean, Wesley Wilson and
George Fullerton, directors, submitted their annual report for the
year ending June 1, 1855, from which we extract :

At the commencement of the year there were seven inmates;
nine had been admitted since, four discharged ; number remaining,
•twelve.

The superintendent's term expired December 17, 1854 ; he was
retained, however, till the first of March of the following year, at
which time James Garlingor was appointed to the position.

The average expense of maintaining each inmate was one hun-
dred and fifty-four dollars — unusually large, because considerable
money had been spent in improving the farm.

At the close of the fiscal year, ending June 1, 1857, the directors
reported twenty-seven patients during the year, of whom ten were
discharged and two died. The total expense incurred in running
the institution was one thousand one hundred and one dollars and
eighty cents, while the credit claimed for products sold and stock
on hand was two thousand one hundred and forty-one dollars and
fifty -three cents; balance, twenty-seven dollars and fifty-five cents.
It was hoped that ere long the same would be self-supporting.

From the above extracts can be gained an idea of the condition
of the infirmary during the first years of its existence. Under the
skillful care of the superintendent, Mr. James W. Garlinger, and
the directors, the institution prospered from year to year until, ow-
ing to the constant increase of inmates, it was apparent that the
present building and grounds would, ere long, prove inadequate for
the accommodation of those for whom it had been erected.

CARDER INFIRMARY.

Peter Carder, an old resident of this county, and owner of an im-
mense estate, upon being informed of the necessity of a "new poor
farm," and influenced by a truly philanthropic spirit, conceived the
idea of donating a portion of his estate to the county for "infirmary
purposes."

In the year 1863, shortly before his death, he bequeathed to the
county five hundred and seven acres of his estate, as a home for the
poor, the invalid and the unfortunate. After his death, his widow
objected to the provisions of the will, and several years passed be-
fore the matter was compromised.

328 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

The county, in 1867, by its agents, commissioners "William Clark,
William Jones and Allen Heagler, began the erection of the new
building. The foundations were laid in the summer of the same
year, and by 1869 the work was fully completed.

On July 7, 1869, the inmates of the old building, forty-seven in
number, were admitted to the new infirmary, and henceforth the
unfortunate of Fayette County have had a home excelled by few,
beautiful in design and execution, costly in material and construc-
tion, and abundantly ample for their reception for a long time to
come. Various estimates have been made regarding the cost of the
building, which has not been much less than forty thousand dollars.

The infirmar}'- is beautifully situated on the Columbp.s Pike, two
miles northeast from Washington, C. H. Central as to the grounds,
which are planted in their vicinity with a fine grove of young tim-
ber, and adorned with grass}^ lawn and flowering shrubs, the build-
ings may be seen for miles, half concealed by the intermediate foli-
age of the forest. The structure is four-storied, including basement
and attic, and contains rooms for cooking, dining, sleeping, instruc-
tion and discipline. The dimensions by wings are one hundred and
sixty-two by one hundred and forty -two. The basement is devoted
to storage, heating and cooking. A broad corridor leads on the
second floor to the dining-room, forty feet square. The south wing
is devoted to rooms for ofiicials and reception of visitors. The
wings are respectively occupied by the males on the east wing, and
females on the west wing. Two rooms in each are known as fam-
ily or sitting apartments, and beyond these are the sleeping rooms.
Ascending a flight of stairs the third floor is reached, and here we
find a school-room, eighteen by thirty-six feet in size, where it is
designed a school shall be kept for six months annually. The first
school Avas taught in 1874 and has progressed satisfactorily, furnish-
ing means of information to the younger inmates, l^orthward, and
over the dining-room, are three so-called family rooms, designed for
sociality, and beyond are cells for insane and refractory patients.
The east and west wings, corresponding with those below are used
as dormitories. The hospital, eighteen feet wide by thirty-six feet
long, attracts attention from its airy, clean and pleasant appear-
ance. The attic is designed exclusively for dormitories.

The government of the institution is vested in a board of direc-
tors, and a superintendent appointed by them. Present board :
Thomas B. Thornton, president ; Thomas Larimore, secretary ;

CARDER INFIRMARY. 329

William C. Eyre. Superintendent, T. J. Stinson ; matron, Mrs. T.
J. Stinson.

Recently additional land was purchased, and the farm now em-
braces five hundred and eighty-two acres, of wdiich one hundred
and thirty is in timber ; the remainder is principally under cultiva-
tion. During the past year the sum over and above receipts re-
quired to run the institution, was six thousand dollars.

Present number of inmates : males, fifty-eight ; females, fifty-two ;
total, one hundred and ten.

The superintendent, Mr. T. J. Stinson, is a man eminently quali-
fied for the place, as is also the matron, Mrs. T. J. Stinson, they
having held their respective positions for more than four years.

The regulations of the infirmary require strict accountability,
faithful performance of duty, and full compliance with the direc-
tions of the proper otficers. Kind, mild, yet firm treatment, marks
the control of the inmates, and Fayette County may well be proud
of her public institution — the Carder Infirmary.

PETER CARDER.

The ancestors of Peter Carder were of German and English ex-
traction, and were among the early settlers of Virginia, hut after-
wards emigrated to the wilds of Kentucky, where Peter was horn.

Sanford Carder, the father of Peter, was a soldier in the war of
the revolution, serving all through that glorious struggle as a cav-
alry rider. He lived to see the colonies, dependent on the will of a
foreign power, emerge into a grand and powerful nation.

While Peter was yet an infant, his parents immigrated to this
county, where they remained till death called- them home — San-
ford living to the extreme old age of ninety-nine years.

Peter was hrought up in the primitive hah its of those days, ac-
quiring hut little education, and performing his part on the farm
till he was twenty-eight years of age, when he was united in mar-
riage with Miss Catherine Mouser, of Pickaway County, Ohio. By
careful management and economical hahits he became the possess-
or of a large amount of landed property near the county-seat. He
died on the 17th day of May, 1863, and the " Carder Infirmary"
stands to-day a noble monument to his benevolence and philanthropy.

COUNTERFEITING.

In early days, when banks were few and money was scarce, a
great deal of connterfeiting was done, both in cohi and paper.
The Funks, Redmonds, and Curry were. ringleaders in this nefarious
business. Jake Funk and Curry were experts in detecting spurious
notes, especially the former, whose knowledge in this direction was
truly remarkable. Large quantities of this money was brought b}'
the Funks and others from Kentucky, and circulated here. The
celebrated Funk fight, recorded elsewhere, was the outgrowth of
one of these transactions. They were always well supplied with
counterfeit as well as good money. In transactions with strangers,
'they would pay out some good money and some counterfeit.

As illustrative of their dare-devil impudence, it is related that
on one occasion Jake Funk went to Indiana, and bought one hun-
dred and fifty head of cattle, paid for them mostly in counterfeit
money, and ordered them delivered to him at a point remote from
the road he had taken. When they arrived, he, with several assist-
ants, took charge of them, and drove them in a circuitous route to-
ward home. In the course of two or three days, as he was pro-
ceeding slowly, and without further apprehension, on his way, he
was suddenly startled by the appearance of six horsemen, with
drawn revolvers aimed at his breast. Although well armed, resist-
ance was both useless and dangerous ; therefore, with a bland smile,
he said pleasantly: "Gentlemen, I guess I had better surrender."
The oflicer showed his 'authority, upon which Funk asked permis-
sion to go forward and tell his comrades that he could not accom-
pany them any further; but well knowing his desperate character,
the sheriflf refused, and ordered him to return immediately with
him.

At this time Funk had a pocket-book filled with counterfeit bank
notes, and also some good money; and from previous experience,
well knowing that at his preliminary examination before a justice
of the peace an expert would be on hand, he cudgelled his brain

332 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

all along the road for some means of getting rid of the had money
without being detected. Finally he seemed to have matured a plan ;
and throwing aside all anger, he conversed freely and gaily with his
captors, diverting them with anecdotes, and gradually so engrossing
their attention that they seemed to forget that he was a prisoner.
But on arriving in sight of the justice's office, and seeing a great
crowd collected there, in a sudden paroxysm of anger, Funk poured

forth volleys of oaths, declaring it was a d d shame and outrage

for an innocent man to be arrested, with no evidence of his guilt,
and at the same moment flourishing his heavy cattle whip, he
threw it d,8 far ahead of him as possible, and with the same motion
jerked out his pocket-book of bogus money and hurled it into the
bushes so dexterously that it was unperceivecl.

Arriving at the magistrate's, he was searched, and all his money
submitted to the scrutiny of an expert, as he had expected, but of
course was found all to be good. The sherifi:' and justice now vied
with each other in making reparation for the injury done (as they
believed) an innocent man. The magistrate insisted on keeping him
over night, to which he finally acceded; but after supper, com-'
plaining of sickness, he carelessly sauntered toward the spot near
which he had thrown his pocket-book, found it, returned to his
room and slept with it in his pocket, and next morning rejoined his
comrades in safety, to relate to them and others of his friends how
easily he had duped the officers of the law.

Their headquarters, for a time at least, were at the house of Curry,
which was on lands now owned by Jonathan Chaffin and his father.
Smith, the former now living on the old site. One Blaylock also
figured conspicuously in the counterfeiting of coin.

From a period extending, perhaps, from 1806 to 1822, counter-
feiting was largely carried on by such desperadoes as the Funks,
Redmonds, and William Curry, men who defied all law, and boast-
ed that they did pass counterfeit money. Many abortive attempts
were made to arrest them and break up the gang. Funk was final-
ly arrested, sent to Kentucky, tried, and acquitted. Brokaw was
arrested and sent to the penitentiary in 1820. Curry also was sent
for fifteen years in 1821. Curry had many friends among the more
desperate classes, and many threats of rescue were made. One
Sabbath, just at the close of services in Bloomingburg, a messenger
arrived with the intelligence that an attempt was to be made to
take Curry from the jail. The majority of the congregation rushed

COUNTERFEITING. 333

out of tlie house and started for Washington, to foil this move, but
no violent demonstrations were made, and they returned. Also,
when the sheritf made preparations to transfer him from the coun-
ty jail to the penitentiary at Columbus, a desperate elFort was made
to rescue him. The night before the day fixed upon to transfer
him, his w^ife was admitted to his cell, and in the morning he was
found very sick. A physician (Dr. Thomas McGarough) was
sent for, when it was ascertained that he had taken arsenic ; but in
his anxiety he took too much, and threw it up, and it did not prove
fatal. It was decided, however, to take him to Columbus on horse-
back, by way of Bloomingburg, past the present sites of Medway
and London. Threats were made by his friends of forcible rescue,
and he had been closely guarded while in jail; and when Sherift'
Robison started with him, he was escorted by a number of brave
horsemen. About four miles from Washington, near Gillespie's, it
became apparent that he could proceed no further on horseback,
because of increasing weakness, the effects of arsenic. Hastily de-
spatching Colonel James Stewart to his (Stewart's) house for his
carriage, he halted until its return, when it was determined, instead
of taking the road past London, to push on straight to Columbus,
reaching there in due time, without molestation.

It was learned afterward that a desperate effort at rescue had
been planned among Curry's confederates ; that his departure from
Washington was known, as well as the route he was to take, and
that seventeen splendidly caparisoned horses were secreted in a
thicket about five miles this side of London, while their riders lay
concealed in the bushes near the road along which Curry was ex-
pected to pass, and nothing but the seemingly providential sickness
of the prisoner, and consequent change of plans, prevented a bloody
encounter between two parties of brave men.

THE FUNK FIGHT.

Jake, the most notorious of tlie Funk family, in the year 1818 or
1819, went to Bath County, Kentucky, accompanied by his brother
Absalom, and engaged in passing counterfeit money, which he had
manufactured in Fayette County. He was detected, arrested, and
at his preliminary trial bound over to the Court of Common Pleas
in the sum of three hundred dollars. Being unable to go on his
own recognizance, he applied to a friend named Jacob Trunibo,
who, together Math his brother, Andrew Trumbo, agreed to stand
responsible for his appearance.

Funk, upon being permitted to depart, returned to this county.
When the time of his trial drew near, Andrew Trumbo paid him a
visit, to arrange for Funk's appearance, that he (Trumbo) might be
released from his obligation. To avoid future trouble, Absalom
Funk and Philip Moore made to Trumbo a promissory note in the
sum of three hundred dollars, which was intended to secure the
latter should the bond be declared forfeited. On the day set for
the trial Funk was not to be found, and Trumbo paid the amount
of his bond, he being in turn paid the full amount by Absalom
Funk and Philip Moore. This, it was thought, would end the mat-
ter; but, unfortunately, the worst was yet to come.

Trumbo was dissatisfied with the sudden turn the affair had taken,
and seemed bent on having Jake arrested. and tried before the
proper authorities. He therefore obtained a warrant for his arrest,
armed with which he came at once to this county, and proceeded
to make the necessary arrangements for his capture. He engaged
the services of Aaron Johnson, who was then sheriff' (see note),
and together they gave chase to Funk several times, but were un-
successful

While loitering along the banks of Deer Creek, they formed the
acquaintance of one Mills, who was captain of a home militia com-
pany. He and several of his men were pressed into service, and all
started for the Funk residence. Jake Funk resided in a cabin, lo-

THE FUNK FIGHT. 335

cated on the land now owned by Michael Clever, about eight miles
north of "Washington. He was notified, presumably by some friend,
of the contemplated attack, and hastily dispatched a messenger to
the members of his father's family, and others, to assist him, to
• which they, ever eager for the fray, promptly responded.

It was night when the attacking party reached the premises, and
under the cover of darkness they approached the house. Samuel
Wilson, who lived near Hay Run, knocked at the door, and de-
manded admittance. Jake was in the kitchen with his wife, but
answered, " I am here ; " and taking a chair, proceeded to the door,
swinging the chair in the air, evidently determined to sell his life
dearly. Upon opening the door, he was met by a volley from the
attacking party, several bullets lodging in the chair, but none doing
any serious injury. The tiring was returned by the Funks. Wil-
son grappled with Jake, and was shot dead. Trumbo-then engaged
in a hand to hand conflict with Jake, but friends of the latter sep-
arated them and drew him into the house. Jake again encountered
Trumbo, who had a pistol in his hand, and knocked him down, at
the same time drawing him inside. Trumbo was senseless. Jake
was about to cut his throat with a large knife, when old Adam
cried out : " Spare him ! Don't kill him ! His father once saved
me from being murdered by the Indians ! " which timely interfer-
ence alone saved his life.

In the meantime a member of the outside party, named Adam
Metz, fearing that Jake might possibly attempt an escape from the
rear of the building, took possession of a location from which he
might intercept his flight if it was attempted. A comrade named
Cantrell, who was accompanied by a huge dog, seeing Metz in the
rear of the house, supposed it was Funk escaping, and gave chase
with the dog. Metz imagined he was being pursued by the Funks,
and took to his heels. He ran to a neighboring corn-iield, drop-
ping his gun and powder-flask in order to make more rapid progress,
and finally stumbled and fell, and was recognized by his pursuer,
when mutual explanations followed.

While this was taking place without, the parties within were
arranging for Jake's departure and escape through the rear door.
Trumbo was stretched on the floor, and feigned being severely
wounded. Howevef, while the others were assisting Jake, he sud-
denly arose and bolted for the door, perceived by none except
Jake's sister Tabitha, a perfect Amazon in strength and courage,

336 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

who pursued him with an uplifted ax, and as he leaped the fence
the descending weapon whizzed behind him and buried itself in
the rail. He and his companions were glad to escape with their
lives, and Jake departed unmolested. Absalom Funk was shot in
the shoulder-blade, and painfully, though not dangerously wounded.*

On the following morning Samuel Myers, who resided in that
township, was sent for by the Funks. Upon arriving at the house,
old Adam met him with this salutation : " Good morning, Colonel
Myers! Peace on earth, and war in Israel!" He was then in-
formed of what had taken place during the night, and asked for
his advice.

Subsequently Jake was captured by Sheriff Johnson, and lodged
in a cabin on the farm formerly owned by Thomas Green. The
cabin was surrounded by Bill and Calvin Williams, and other
friends of Funk, and the sheriff's posse was reinforced by several
persons living in the neighborhood. Funk's friends demanded his
unconditional release, but the sheriff firmly refused to surrender
his prisoner. During the parley Funk was liberated by some of
his party, unobserved by the oflicer, mounted on a horse, and once
more was a free man. He was first discovered by John Harris, who
raised his gun and fired at the rapidly retreating figure, but without
effect.

It appears that Sherift' Johnson was determined to deliver Jake
Funk to the authorities of Bath County, Kentucky. The latter,
after his second escape from the clutches of the law, left the neigh-
borhood; and a few weeks afterward the sheriff was informed that
he could catch his man by going to Miamisburg. He selected four
able-bodied men to accompany him, armed with stout clubs and
pistols, and arrived at his destination in the evening. The landlord
of the tavern at which Jake was stopping was commanded to escort
the party to Funk's room (he had retired for the night) quietly, that
they might capture him without a struggle.

Funk was fast asleep as they entered, and knew nothing of the
danger which threatened him. Upon entering, Sherift" Johnson
walked to the bedside of the unconscious occupant, and struck him
across the forehead with a pistol. The blow, instead of stupefying
the sleeper, awoke him, and in a moment he bounded out of bed
and confronted his assailants. The force of the blow broke the
pistol, and left Johnson unarmed. Avoiding his powerful antago-
nist, he called upon his comrades to close with Jake. In the strug-

THE FUNK FIGHT. 337

gle which followed, Funk seized a club in the hands of one of his
assailants, and despite the heavy blows that were rained upon him,
especially by one left-handed man, who struck him several times on
the head, came near wresting it from his hands ; but at this critical
moment a lucky stroke laid him prostrate, when he was immediate-
ly seized and securely bound.

The pro^i^r authorities were advised of his arrest, and he was
lodged in jail, in which he remained upward of two months, owing
to the indifference manifested by the Kentucky officials. Finally
he was taken to Kentucky, tried, and acquitted.

Fate had evidently decreed that Jake should die no ordinary
death. Upon finding himself once more a free man, he removed
to the State of Illinois with his family, and engaged in blacksmith-
ing. Tradition is silent as to his actions while in that state, though
we are led to believe that he lived a peaceable and law abiding cit-
zen, when he was not molested. His death is thus described :

He had contracted certain debts, which were not paid as per
agreement, and his creditor obtained judgment for the amount.
An officer of the law proceeded to his house, and levied on various
chattels. Jake made no objection, until the officer attempted to
take charge of his blacksmith tools, when he ordered him to desist.
The officer refused to comply with 'this request, and a fight ensued.
It appears that Funk soon overpowered the officer, and drawing
out his knife, was about to stab him, when he was shot, either by
the officer or some of the bystanders. And so ended the life of one
of the most desperate characters of " ye olden times."

Note. — There has been great diversity of opinion as to the date
of tins transaction, some fixing it at 1821 or 1822, but the date as
given aljove seems to be supported by the better authority. John

Irions and DeWitt, still living, were in the fight. It has

been denied by some that an ax was used, or that the sh'erift' used
a revolver. Also, it seems that Robisou was sheriff at the time, but
on account of the sickness of his wife, could not leave her, and
sent Johnson, who, it seems, was deputy sheriff.

THE FIRST MAN SENT TO THE PENITENTIARY.

It has been generally supposed that one William Curry was the
first person sentenced to the state prison from this county ; indeed,
many of the oldest living residents have for a long time labored
under this impression. After considerable research among the
old records, it has been ascertained that this is an error. In an old
court record, saved from the court house fire, we find the following
entry :

" March 21, 1820. State of Ohio vs. Benjamin Brokaw. Indict-
ment for passing counterfeit bank notes to David Hays."

" This day came the prosecuting attorney, as well as the defend-
ant, who, upon being arraigned for plea, saith he is not guilty in
manner and form as in the indictment against him is alleged, and
of this he puts himself upon the country for trial, and the prosecut-
ing attorney likewise ; and thereupon came a jury, to-wit : John
Roe, John Gamble, Isaac Johnson, John Baker, William Devolon,
Philip Stout, James Stewart, William Blair, John Buck, Joseph S.
Gillespie, John Coil, Thomas Burnet, who being elected, tried and
sworn the truth to speak upon the issue joined, retired to consult
of their verdict."

' On the succeeding day, this entry was made in relation to the
above case:

" The jury yesterday sworn to try this cause, came into court and
returned* their verdict in these words, to-wit: We, the jury, do find
the defendant guilty. The defendant, by P. Brush, his attorney,
gives notice that he will move the court to grant a new trial and
arrest the judgment therein."

March 24, 1820, the motion for a new trial was overruled. "And
it being demanded of the prisoner whether or not he had anything
to say, why the court should not pronounce sentence upon him, he
said he had nothing more to say than what he had already said.
Therefore, on due consideration, it is considered by the court, that
said Benjamin Brokaw be confined in the penitentiary of this state

338

THE FIKST MAN SENT TO THE PENTIENTIARY. 339

for the term of three years ; one tweiity-fonr hours of which time
shall be in the solitary cells of the penitentiary."

By reference to another part of the work, it will be seen that a
number of persons were guilty of counterfeiting in ye olden times ;
and a number of arrests were made for the offense. About this
time, one James Brown, who possessed the aliases of Amos Head-
ley, and Hadley, was arrested, tried, and convicted, and sentenced
to the penitentiary for three years. Curry, it appears, had been
passing bogus bank notes successfully for some time, but was de-
tected in the act, likely in the summer of 1821 ; the first official
action being dated Thursday, October 11, 1821, and reading as fol-
lows :

" State of Ohio vs. William Curry. Indictment for passing,
forging, and assisting in forging counterfeit bank notes. This day
came the prosecuting attorney, as well as the defendant in his own
proper person, in the last mentioned cause, who, being arraigned
for plea, saith he is not guilty, in manner and form as in the in-
dictment against him is alleged ; and not being ready for trial, and
offering no bail for his appearance, it is therefore ordered by the
court that the said William Curry be remanded to the jail of this
county."

On the 13th of October, the prisoner was tried by the following
jury: Richard Todhunter, Peter Eyman, John Coil, Abraham
Bush, James Carothers, Otho Dowden, Abraham Lambert, Joseph
Gibson, William Hill, Hugh McCandless, Joseph Haymaker, and
William Thompson, " all of whom being elected, tried, and sworn
the truth to speak upon the issues joined, returned the following
verdict, to wit: 'We, the jury, do lind that the defendant is guilty
in manner and form as in the indictment against him is alleged.'
Thereupon the defendant, by Henry Brush, his attorney, moved
for a new trial, the motion was overruled, and " it was considered
by the court thht the said William Curry be confined in the peni-
tentiary of this state for the term of fifteen years, three months of
which shall be in the solitary cells^ of the penitentiary."

In disposing of counterfeit notes, Curry usually pretended that
he was unable to read, and offered them upside down to his unsus-
pecting victim. The chief prosecuting witness was Dr. Eastman,
who joined the band in order to turn evidence against him. On
the night preceding his departure for the penitentiary, Curry took
a dose of arsenic, obtained probably from his wife, but the quanti-

340 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ty being too great it did not kill him. However, it maimed him
for life, and his face ever after was as white as marble. He was
reprieved some time prior to the expiration of his sentence, and
went West.

March 26, 1822, one Margaret Redmond was arrested for the
same offense, but forfeited her recognizance, and her name is lost
on the records.

On the same day, Jacob Shobe was arrested, tried, and subse-
quently acquitted, March 29th, the same year.

As late as June, 1858, a recognizance was filed by Smith Rankin,

justice of the peace, for several witnesses to appear against

Blalock, for passing counterfeit bank notes. July 8th he was ar-
raigned, plead not guilty, and Briggs and Maynard were appointed
by the court to defend him. July 13th he was tried, and court ad-
adjourned until the 14th, when he was convicted, and on the 15th
was sentenced to the penitentiary for five years. Mills Gardner
was the prosecuting attorney.

EXECUTION OF WM. G. W. SMITH,

FOK THE MURDER OF JOHN GRAY.

Tlirough the c6iirtesy of William Millikin and his son, William,
jr., editors and proprietors of the Herald, we have been permitted
to make the following extracts from that paper, regarding this
crime and the execution of one of the perpetrators. From the is-
sue of November 3, 1864:

" Murder. — On Saturday night last, a man by the name of John
Gray was murdered by some unknown person or persons. He re-
sided near Trimble's gravel bank, in Concord Township, in this
county, and on the night of the murder he was left alone in the
house. It is supposed, from the marks upon his person, that he
was beaten with the poll of an ax, near the door of his house, and
then dragged off and thrown in the brush. He was murdered, as
is supposed, for a few hundred dollars in gold and paper money,
which he had, as the money and some other articles belonging to
him were missing. ISTo clew has as yet been had as to who the
guilty perpetrators of the deed were. Coroner Carr held an in-
quest over the body, and the jury gave their verdict that the de-
ceased came to his death by violence of some unknown person or
persons."

From the issue of November 10, 1864 :

"Murderer Arrested. — Through the vigilence of constable
Matthew Blackmore, of this village, two men, one named Wash-
ington Smith, and the other John Adams, have been arrested on
a charge of having murdered John Gray, in this county, on the
night of the 29th ult., and are now in our county jail. Adams has
confessed to being accessary to the murder, but says that Smith
committed the deed. As the case will undergo legal investigation,
we deem it prudent not to say more at present."

The following particulars concerning the murder of John Gray,
are the result of an interview with James Straley, Esq., at that time
sheriff of Fayette County:

842 HISTORY OlP PAYETTE COUNTY.

Gray lived in a cabin near the Roberts' farm, at the crosshig, and
at the time of the mnrder hved alone, a widow and her daughter,
the other occupants, having been induced by the participants in the
crime to visit relatives at a distance. The murder was committed
by John Adams, and William G. W. Smith, who lived near Peters-
burg, and was a brother-in-law of Gray's, they having married sis-
ters.

It appears that an old feud, which was engendered between the
families when they resided in Virginia, still existed. This, and a
sum of money (perhaps four hundred dollars), was undoubtedly the
incentive to the bloody deed.

On Saturday evening, October 30, 1864, they left Petersburg, os-
tensibly to attend a meeting of the "Knights of the Golden Circle,"
but in reality to take the life of a fellow creature. They proceed-
ed to Gray's cabin, t\^enty miles distant, on horseback, and upon
nearing the scene, cut a huge club from a thicket, with which they
felled Gray to the ground.

The evidence, so far as the actual deed is concerned, Avas circum-
stantial, consequently we have no means of knowing the full par-
ticulars as to the manner in which the poor victim's life was taken.
However, it is surmised that his body was put on one of the horses,
carried to a gravel-pit, one-half mile further on, and dumped into
the same. They then departed for Petersburg, their home, stop-
ping at Monroe for a whisky, and to exchange horses.

According to our informant, a cloud of mystery surrounded the
murder for several days, it being a difficult matter to discover the
perpetrators of the vile deed. Dave Brown, who kept a black-
smith shop near by, was the first person suspected. He was at the
scene of the murder on the morning following the same, and had
been seen in the neighborhood on the preceding day with a gun.
At the coroner's inquest at Washington, no evidence was given
against him, and, if arrested at all, he was discharged from custody.
A detective and deputy sheriff investigated the premises surround-
ing Gray's cabin, and finally struck a trail which led to Petersburg.
Here it was ascertained that Mrs. Hemeline and daughter, the occu-
pants of the Gray cabin, were visiting Smith's family, at the request
of the latter. The deputy then proceeded to Smith's residence, and
inquired of Mrs. Smith as to the probable whereabouts of her hus-
band on the preceding night. She replied that he had gone to
Monroe, accompanied by Adams, and had returned before daylight

EXECUTION OF AVM. G. W. SMITH. 343

on the following morning. He then made inquiries as to how they
w^ere dressed, and was informed that they wore blue army over-
coats, which were hanging in an adjoining apartment. The detec-
tive looked in the room, but saw no coats. Finally his keen eye
discovered the garments concealed under ladies' dresses. Investi-
gation disclosed the fact that spots of blood marked the coats. Mr.
B's next step was to search for Smith, who was soon found; and
upon being questioned as to his w^hereabouts on the night of the
murder, contradicted and could give no satisfactory account of him-
self. He and his accomplice were arrested and taken to Washing-
ton. A chain of circumstances was developed, which showed con-
clusively that they were guilty, and at the preliminary examination
they were committed to jail to await the action of the grand jury.

Probably because of the supposed insecurity of our jail, Smith
was sent to the Pickaway County prison, at Circleville. But even
this place could not hold him, for we learn that he dug a passage
under the prison walls, and made good his escape.

At the trial of Adams, it was developed that both parties were
intoxicated on the night the terrible crime was committed. Adams
testified that he was unacquainted with the true object of their visit
to Gray until they neared the house. He revolted when informed
by Smith that Gray was to b{j murdered. Smith replied, "You
hold the horses, and I will fix him." Much sympathy w^as ex-
pressed for Adams, and as the absence of Smith made it impossible
to ascertain some of the most important facts in the case, he was
convicted of manslaughter, and sentenced to ten years in the peni-
tentiary.

We append the following extracts from the official records of the
trial, in which the State of Ohio was plaintifif, and William G. W.
Smith and John Adams defendants:

April 1, 1865, the grand jury presented an indictment against
WiUiam G. W. Smith and John Adams for murder in the first de-
gree. On the third of the same month, the court ordered that the
defendants be brought forthwith from the Pickaway County jail
into this court, for arraignment. A copy of the indictment was, on
the following day, delivered to each of the defendants, and they
were remanded to the jail to await further order of court. On the
succeeding day the defendants were arraigned separately for plea.
They plead not guilty. The court, not satisfied with the safety
of the Fayette County jail, ordered' prisoners returned to the jail
of Pickaway County.

344 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

On tlie 29tli of June, 1865, court ordered j)risoners returned to
the jail of this county.

July 1, 1865, leave was given to Smith by court to withdraw plea
of not guilty, and offer plea in abatement, to which the prosecuting
attorney filed demurrer. Court sustained the demurrer, and or-
dered that said Smith answer forthwith to said indictment. Smith's
counsel took exceptions to the action of the court in sustaining the
demurrer, and leave was granted them to file motion to quash in-
dictment; but motion, after argument by counsel, and exceptions
again taken to action in overruling motion. Prisoner, upon being
re-arraigned for plea, plead "Not guilty." The case was con-
tinued till next term of court, and the prisoner ordered returned to
the Pickaway County jail.

October 30, 1865, F. M. Gray, attorney for the defendant John
Adams, moved that his client be removed from the Pickaway to the
Fayette County jail, which was so ordered by the court.

March 9, 1866, H. B. Maynard was appointed by court to assist
in the prosecution of the case. The defense was conducted by F.
M. Gray and Mills Gardner. The following named gentlemen
were selected a jury to try the case : Jacob iHarper, Robert Gil-
more, William P. Snider, William Chaifin, Robert House, Joseph
Ilidy, Jackson Popejoy, Jesse Heagler, Edward Taylor, George
Fullerton, WiUiam McCafterty, and Samuel R. Morris.

The taking of testimony was commenced on the 12th of March,
and continued till the evening of the 15th. The case was argued
on the following day. On the 16th day of March, 1866, Adams
was convicted of manslaughter, as set forth in the third count of
the indictment. A motion for a new trial was overruled, and the
prisoner sentenced to ten years in the Ohio penitentiary. Judge
Alfred S. Dickey occupied the bench during the entire trial.

• TRIAL OF WILLIAM G. AV. SMITH.

The court, on the 5th of June. 1866, appointed R. M. Briggs and
R. A. Harrison counsel for defendant, and on the 8th, H. B. May-
nard was appointed to assist in the prosecution.

At a special term of court, held August 28, 1866, motion was
made by defendant's counsel for a change of venue from Fayette to
some adjoining county. Motion overruled. A motion to continue
the case to the next term of court. On the succeeding day the case

EXECUTION OP AVM. G, W. SMITH. 345

was tried before the following jury : William James, David Lysiuger,
John L. Myers, J. R. Venausdal, Jacob Eyman, Joel Wood, John
F. Gregg, II. W. Hull, William Kearney, Anthony Coaler, L. E.
Tinimons, and Thomas Braden.

On the 31st of August, testimony was introduced. Court issued
habeas corpus for the return of Adams in the penitentiary, to testi-
fy in the case. Adams gave in his evidence on September 3, 1866.
The taking of testimony continued till Thursday, September 6th,
when the case was argued by counsel. On the next day Mills
Gardner was appointed to assist the prosecution, on account of the
illness of H. B. Maynard. The case was given to the jury, who
retired.

At 6 A. M,, on Saturday, September 8, 1866, the jury, after hav-
ing consulted all night, returned a verdict of guilty of murder in
the first degree. Monday, September 10th, a motion by defendant
for a new trial was overruled. "Whereupon the court does hereby
adjudge and sentence that you, said defendant, William G. W.
Smith, be taken hence to the common jail of said count}', from
whence you came, there to remain in safe and close custody until
Friday, the 30th day of j^ovember, 1866, and that on said last-
named da}' you be taken to the place of execution, and between
the hours of ten o'clock in the forenoon and three o'clock in the
afternoon of Friday, the 30th day of November, 1866, you be hanged
by the neck until 3'ou are dead; and may God have mercy on you."

After having received his sentence, and shortlj' before the exe-
cution. Smith acknowledged the killing to Sheriff Strale}'. Upon
being furnished with stationery by the sheriff, he proceeded to
write a history of his life. On the morning of the execution, a
large crowd pressed to the door of his cell. He became very in-
dignant at what he called their insolence, and remarked that he
had written " a lot of stuff," which would be eagerly sought after,
but the people should not be satisfied. He then destroyed the
sketch, which he had written with great care. He said, "I didn't
kill John Gray, but could throw some light on the subject." While
on his way to the scaffold he stopped to say " good-by " to the
sheriff's family. He ascended with a firm step, and Avas brave to
the last, seemingly ready and willing to die. While the noose was
being adjusted, he made a few remarks, saying that this was a
solemn occasion, but that he was innocent.

A new scafi^bld was erected for the execution. It has never been
used since, but can be seen among the old relics of the jail.

346 • itiSTORY OF FAYETTE COtNTt.

Smith was reared in Hardy County, Virginia. It is said that
prior to his removal to this state, he was, on one occasion, pursued
by a constable with an execution for debt. Smith was found in a
mill, which the constable entered. The former was in a desperate
mood, and threatened to turn the water into the mill if the oiScer
of the law did not acknowledge that the account was paid. The
request waa promptly complied with.

SKETCH OF W. G. ^Y. SMITH's LIFE.

The following brief sketch of the life of Smith was furnished by
him the day before his execution, and appeared in the H'drald, De-
cember 20, 1866 :

" I was born in Hardy County, Virginia, on the waters of the
south branch of the Potomac, April 15, 1817. My parents were
not religious — very seldom went to meeting — but yet were of a
moral character. Did not allow their children to use profane
language. Had very few religious influences thrown around me.
Sometimes went to Sabbath-school, but as I had five miles to walk
I did not attend regularly. When quite young committed a con-
siderable part of the Gospel of Matthew to memory. I never at-
tended meeting much ; never heard but one whole sermon, and
two parts of sermons.

" I grew up a reckless young man. At the age of eighteen was
married to my present wife. My principal occupation was trading
in and driving stock. My home after marriage was in Hardy
County, Virginia, near my parents. From about twenty years of
age I used liquor pretty freely. I also gambled a good deal ; was
generally successful. It would have been better for me if I had
lost. I cared little for it ; it was spent as freely as though it had
no value.

" After coming to Ohio, which was some ten years ago, I did
not gamble much, as the mode here was different from that to
which I had been accustomed. Still, my companions were of the
loose, drinking class. Sometimes got into quarrels, but not often.
Never misused my family by harsh abuse, but did much neglect
them; spent too much of my time from home. If I had been
more attentive to the claims of my family, and the advice of my
wife, it would be better with me now.

"In all my wanderings and wickedness I did not entirely forget

EXECUTION OE AVM. G. AV. SMITH. S47

tliG future world. I believed in the existence of a God, in a future
state of rewards and punishments, and, in my thoughtful moments,
felt I was not doing right — felt condemned. At such times I re-
solved to reform and lead a different life, but was led off' by my
besetting sins.

"I was never arrested for any crime until in 1864. I was arrest-
ed for the murder of John Gray, with which I now solemnly pro-
test before God, before whom I must soon stand, that I had no
connection, and knew nothing of it until after it was committed.
To-morrow I suppose I must hang for a crime for which I am not
guilty. I am innocent of it, and the world will some day know it.
But I feel prepared for death — it has no terrors — only I feel that it
is hard to suffer innocently. But I believe I have Christ for my
friend, and that my sins, though many, are all forgiven ; and I can
die rejoicing in His pardoning mercy, and in hope of heaven.

"Could I be permitted to address young men, I would urge them
to avoid intemperance, profanity, and the gambling table — all lead
to present and eternal ruin — shun them as you would the deadly
viper. Do not violate God's day — seek the company of the good,
and avoid all associations with the reckless and the vile, and above
all to love and revere God.

I can forgive all those who have in any way injured me — yes,
even those who swore my life away. The time with me is short,
but I trust to meet you in a better world. Farewell."

THE EXECUTION.

We extract from the Herald the following account of the execu-
tion, which took place on Friday, December 14, 1866 :

"Although the execution was conducted privatel}^, crowds of
people began to assemble early in the morning, and long before
noon the town was full, and the jail-yard completely surrounded by
the curious, anxious to obtain, if possible, a last look at the pris-
oner, and to see whatever there was to be seen. Sheriff Straley
had issued a proclamation requesting that the day be observed
in a quiet, orderly manner, and that no liquor be sold, and Captain
Henkle with part of his company, were called out to act as guards
around the jail-yard, and preserve order during the day.

" On Thursday night, the last night of Smith's life, he slept very
little, and arose early Friday morning, and engaged for a short

d4» HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

time in prayer and reading of the Bible. He dressed liimself with
a great deal of care, and sat down to his breakfast eating very little.
Daring the day few visitors were admitted, "except the prisone r's
family and religions advisers, who remained with him up to the
moment of his execution. At about twelve o'clock, his last meal
was brought to him, but he scarcely touched it, and being informed
by Sheriff Straley that his last hour was near at hand, he expressed
his readiness for the sacrifice at any time. At ten minutes past one
o'clock, he entered the enclosure about the gallows, accompanied
by his spiritual adviser, his counsel, Sheriif Straley and deputy, as-
cending the platform at the request of the sheriff, seated himself
in a chair upon the drop. A short prayer was then offered by Rev.
C. T. Emerson, during which the prisoner was kneeling with his
face covered, and when he arose his face showed no sign of agita-
tion, though during the prayer his face could be seen to tremble as
if in some emotion. After the prayer, the death warrant was read
to him by the sheriff, and he was asked if he had anything to say
before taking his departure. He arose, and stepping to the front of
the platform, began :

"'Gentlemen, I have httle to say. It is a solemn occasion, and
I hope I may be the last man who will have to suffer death in this
way. But I am innocent of the murder of Old John Gray, for
which I must die. The confession I have given to my advisers is
strictly true. Death has no terrors for me — none whatever. We
must all die; it is only a matter of time. I do not fear death; but
it is the manner in which it comes, and the disgrace it leaves upon
my family. For fifty years I have lived in rebellion against God ;
but now, thank God, I have a hope in him.'

"Smith then took farewell of those on the platform, and if at
any time there could be detected the least trembling in his voice, it
was when he parted with Mr. Emerson, who had been with him
much of the time during his confinement, and to whom he ex-
pressed a wish of meeting him in heaven. Stepping forward on
the platform, he said, 'Gentlemen, adieu to you all,' then turning
to the sherift", motioned him to proceed, and the noose was adjust-
ed, the black cijp pulled down over his face. At just twenty-eight
minutes past one o'clock the drop fell, and the prisoner was
launched into eternity. During about five minutes he continued
to struggle, and then all was quiet. After hanging nineteen min-
utes, the physicians in attendance pronounced that life was extinct,

EXECUTION OF \VM. G. W. SMITH. 349

but the body was not taken clown until it had hung nearly twenty-
five minutes. It was then taken down and placed in a common
varnished coffin, and given into the care of his family.

"Smith met his fate with the stubborn firmness of one who had
nerved himself for the trial. From the time he stepped upon the
platform until the moment the drop fell, there was little or nothing
in his countenance, or the tone of his voice, to betray any emotion
he might have felt, and it seemed as if indeed death had no terrors
for him. He protested his innocence to the last, although there
can scarcely be a doubt of his guilt.

" Thus ended the Gray tragedy. The law has been enforced, and
William G. W. Smith has sufiered the extreme penalty of the law
for his crime, and his soul has gone to meet the judgment of a
just God, who knows of his innocence or guilt."

. SANITARY.

In about the year 1817, a mill was built on tlie present site of the
Milliken Mill and a high dam erected, which, during the wet season,
backed the wateriip and overflowed the adjacent lands, and when
the rains ceased and the waters dried up, produced great miasma
and consequent sickness. In time, this grew to such an alarming
extent as to threaten the depopulation of the town. Drs. Hilton
and McGarough were confident that the cause arose from the stag-
nant waters of the dam, and the proprietors were requested to take
it down during the season of low water — from June till September,
which was accordingly done in about 1825, and the sickness ahnost
wholly disappeared. It was taken down every year, till about 1837,
when through carelesness it remained up a year or two, and again
the fever and ague manifested themselves. The loss of many
valuable citizens, among whom was the owner of the mill, Jesse
Milliken, rendered prompt action necessary, and the administrator,
CuiTcn Milliken, was requested to remove it but refused ; upon
which a number of citizens, among whom were ^. W. Heagler,
Daniel McLain, John C. Eastman, Arthur McArthur, L.D.Willard,
David McLain, and Peter Wendell, proceeded to the spot with the
necessary tools, determined to remove the dam. They were met by
the owner, at the head of an equal number, equally as determined
that it should remain. The " contending forces " met in the center,
and in the struggle L. D. Willard slid down the slippery plank into
the mud and was nearly drowned.

"Still they tug, they sweat, but neither gain nor yield
One foot, one inch, of the contended field."

Curren Milliken finally praposed to take it down if the other
party would leave, to which they responded that they cam« to
tear it down and it should. be done. After considerable parleying
and some high words, he agreed to take it away if they would
desist, which being complied with, the central portion was remov-
ed, and the parties withdrew.

SANITARY. 351

Millikeii immediately went before the grand jury, and had them
all indicted for riot. Whereupon the criminals brought an action
against Milliken for keeping a nuisance. The case was decided in
their favor, and of course the bottom was knocked out of the in-
dictment as w^ell as the obnoxious dam, and the court decreed that
the latter be demolished entirely.

Subsequently, the present race was dug, and the present dam
erected further from the town.

MILK SICKNESS.

One of the greatest scourges to the early settlers in this county,
was a disease known as milk-sick or trembles, which not only affect-
ed cattle, sheep, hogs, horses and dogs, but the human family as
well. Human beings and stock would often be infected with the
disease without any symptoms manifested until brought into ac-
tivity by certain conditions, when it would suddenly develop itself
with rapid and fatal effects.

Stock driven until heated would become sick if the disease had
fastened upon them.

Persons, therefore, who wished to purchase stock, either for trade,
service, or butchering, took means to heat them up previously.

According to the symptoms, it has been given various names, such
as sick-stomach, swamp-sickness, fires, slows, stiff joints, puking
fever, river sickness, etc.

SYMPTOMS.

Vomiting, purging, extreme nervous agitation, obstinate consti-
pation, low temperature of body, dry tongue and skin.

TREATMENT.

Quiet the stomach with opiates ; blister ; use castor oil and injec-
tion; dilute nitric acid has also proved eflicacious in extreme cases-
Dunglison recommends gentle emetics, laxatives with quiet, and
mucilaginious drinks.

So much for the human. The disease in stock is less know^n
from the fact that the human takes the disease from milk or flesh
of stock having the ailment.

352 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Many theories have beeu advanced, some that it arises from lead
-held in solntiou by water, some that it is a weed, while others con-
tend that it is a malarial epidemic. Judge MeLain says, that abont

the year he found in his pastures a weed belonging to the

genus eupatorium, with which he performed the following experi-
ment: Two healthy calves were purchased, taken to the house of
Mr, John Rowe, with instructions to confine them to the use of
this weed alone. In a short time, the calves manifested all the
premonitory symptoms of the disease under discussion, which in-
creased as the experiment advanced, until, in about ten days all its
phases were fully developed. Treatment was then begun, consist-
ing of ground corn, which in due time eifected a cure. The weed
was again given them with hay, and the experiment pursued until
death occurred.

The question may be asked by skeptics, was there sufficient nu-
trition in the weed, in the absence of other food to support life,
and did not the calves starve to death. The reply is, the symptoms
produced by eating this weed were identical with those dying from
milk-sickness. Again, after this experiment, the weed was remov-
ed from the pasture in which it grew, and while previous to this
stock died each year, none have died since.

It is a also a fact, that when there is abundance of rain and the
grass is rank, stock do not die, creating the presumption that grass
is more palatable than the weed, and in such case they do not eat
it.

Among the first remembered cases of death, was Dawson,

who died in 1816 or 1817.

His wife had been very sick with it and finally died ; whether
with this disease'or not is uncertain. After which Mr. Dawson pre-
pared to retnrn to Virginia. On his way he stopped at Harrison's
Tavern, in Washington C. H., where he died.

So late as 1879, a case of death in this county has been reported.

It is said that so long as a cow is giving milk she would not
show any symptoms of the disease, but would impart it to the suck-
ing calf and those using her milk.

DRAINAGE.

Ill addition to the facts already mentioned in the geology of this
county, we deem it our dut}' to give credit, in this connection, to
some individual eftbrts which have brought about grand results in
the direction of agricultural advancement, improvement and devel-
opment.

Many years prior to the settlement of the territory now included
in this county, it was a favorite hunting ground for the roving
bands of Indians, who occupied the country lying between the old
town of Chillicothe, in Greene County, where they had their coun-
cil house and headquarters, and the Ohio, and who each year burnt
off the grass, which, in some places, grew six feet high. As the
white settlers gradually came in, however,, and the Indian with-
drew, the rank vegetation was permitted to grow up, fall down and
decay, from year to year, until the deep accumulation of vegetable
matter produced miasmatic infection to such an extent that the
county, during the years from 1818 to 1824, was rendered almost
uninhabitable, and all who could possibly leave the comity, did so.

On Lee's Creek, or between Lee's and Rattlesnake, in the early
history of the county, a settlement was formed by the Yocums,
Bursons and others, which, on account of the extremely niihealthy
condition of the same, was totally abandoned, and the empty cab-
ins were seen standing as late as 1820.

These cabins, it is said, were superior in their structure to any in
the county, having been hewn smooth on the outside and the cor-
ners neatly dovetailed, and carried up straight and square.

To such an extent, indeed, did malaria exist, that the county was
in danger of total depopulation in some regions, especially north of
Washington, in Jasper, Jefferson, Paint, Madison, Marion, and the
northern part of Union, while those south of Washington were lev-
el, but the beds of the streams being deeper, formed abetter under-
draina^e.

354 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

What nature had failed to do, therefore, in some parts, must be
done by the agency of man in the way of ditching.

DRAINING AND TILING.

The pioneers in this enterprise were Judge D. McLain and sev-
eral others, who cut a few open ditches in the wettest lands, one of
which, cut by D. McLain, emptying into Vandenian's Eun, was vis-
ited by people from a distance, as a great curiosity.

In about 1840, the open ditches were improved by having wood
placed in them and filled in with dirt. These again were again
superceded b}- the

TILE DITCH.

The first effort in this direction was made by Judge McLain, who
conceived the idea of placing brick on end, closed at the top, and
about six inches apart at the bottom. These, however, when the
dirt was thrown in, sank into the ground and proved worthless.

A kind of tube was then manufactured, by hand, which, though
a very slow process, was a great improvement upon the open ditch,
the wood covered ditch, or the brick.

As the feasability of tiling was established, and the great advan-
tages perceived, the Judge erected a power tile machine, said to be
the first in the United States.

In 1856 or 1857, J. W. Penfield procured a patent for a horse-
power tile machine and exhibited the same at the state fair, at Cin-
cinnati. Judge McLain saw the machine, finally bought it, set it
up on his farm and burned a kiln of tile. Prior to the introduction
of this machine, tile were pressed by a large lever worked by hand.

There was much prejudice against tile through the belief that the
water could not get through the tile ; which had to be refuted by
the actual experiment of placing a closed tile perpendicular in a
bed of mortar and filling it with water ; and not until the water was
seen oozing through and running away, was prejudice disarmed,
and the incalculable value of tile established.

In the beginning, tile were manufactured for his individual use,
but in order to introduce the article, and induce others to improve
their lands, he would manufacture for others, in small quantities, to
test their value

DRAINAGE. 355

111 about 1850, he began tiling his wettest lands on a systematic
basis.

Arguing from the law that water, in sinking through the soil,
became perfectly liltered thereby, he placed his tile at a depth of
three feet below the surface, so that no sediment would ever be de-
posited round about the tile. The sequel has proved the wisdom
of this reasoning, evidenced by the fact that his first ditches have
never been repaired, while those put in shallower, and at a much
later date, have been constantly out of order.

It is stated that the difference in the crops for the first year will
pay for the tiling. So plainly has this appeared to the people, that
now, instead of a few little open ditches, mud, malaria, ■ chills and
fever, milk sickness, decaying vegetation, stagnant pools, etc., al-
most every farm is thoroughly drained. The water sinks down as
if by magic, enabling the farmer to work his crops in a few hours
after a rain.

STOCK SALES.

Inasmuch as stock-sale day has become one of the prominent fea-
tures of this county, it deserves a place in this work.

For some years, the monthly sales at London, Madison County,
attracted the attention of stock dealers for many miles around, and
stock was taken thither from all the surrounding counties.

Early perceiving the advantages arising out of this enterprise to
London and Madison County, the leading citizens of Washington
C. H., and Fayette, determined to organize a similar enterprise
here, so that stock could exchange hands without being driven out
of the county.

About the year 1871, James Pursell and Thomas Kirk determin-
ed upon a plan of operations, selected referees, in case of any dis-
pute arising, circulated bills, appointed the last Tuesday in the
month, one week preceding the London sales, as the day on which
the stock was to be sold ; so that in case of failure to secure satis-
factory bargains, the owners could drive them on to London.

Jack Bridgeman, of London, was the first crier, Mr. Collins, of
Washington, also being present ; but Bridgeman, and Douglass, of
Mount Sterling, were secured for the purpose of giving it notoriety
in its initial steps.

Correspondence was at once opened with prominent stock deal-
ers in adjacent counties, which, in time, extended to the states of
Kentucky, Lidiana, Illinois and Missouri, and cattle were shipped
from all these states to Washington C. H. to be sold.

These cattle were placed in the hands of the auctioneer, with the
minimum price fixed, divided into bunches of uniform weight and
quality, in numbers ranging from twenty to one hundred, or in
convepient carloads.

No by-bidding was allowed ; everything was carried on in an hon-
orable, straightforward manner, and the sales from the beginning
have averaged about five hundred head each mouth. Soxuetimes,

356

STOCK SALES. 357

however, as high as one thousand have been sokl in one day, and
seklom running below three hundred.

This county being a centrally located grazing point, the enter-
prise has been a remarkable success from the beginning.

Among the principal vendors were William White, and Ramsey
Brothers, of Fayette County ; John Darlington, Adams County ;
Joseph Eothrock, William Dryden, Davis Connahaugh, of High-
land County; Anderson, of Kentucky; Gray, of Kentucky; S. H.
Ford, of Cincinnati ; and Pond, of Clinton County; and many others.

Captain Foster informs us that he alone has sold over ten thou-
sand head of cattle for Davis Connahaugh. The principal pur-
chasers were from Fayette, Madison and Pickaway counties.

HORSE TRADING.

Connected with, and growing out of, the original cattle sales,
was the trade in horses, which, beginning with a few local transac-
tions, gradually expanded into immense sales and shipments, of
numbers ranging from twenty to one hundred each. An amusing
feature of the horse department was Trade Alley, generally located
on some unfrequented alley, or street, where all kinds of horses, ex-
cept good ones, were congregated for barter.

The trade language on these occasions was peculiarly adapted to
the objects of exchange. In the language of Mark Twain, "one
brute had an eye out; another had the tail sawed off close, like a
rabbit, and was proud of it; still another had a bony ridge running
from his neck to his tail, like one of the ruined aqueducts, in Rome,
and had a neck on him like a bowsprit. They all limped, and had
sore backs, and raw places, and old scars about their bodies, like
brass nails in a hair trunk ; and their gait was replete with varie-
ty." The proud owner would parade one of these unique speci-
mens before the gaping crowd, and as he seizes the bridle and lifts
the head of the animal, exclaims : " JIo ! will you ? Do you want
to run away, you ferocious beast?" When all the time the old
thing was doing nothing in the world, and only looked like he
wanted to lean up against something and meditate. Then, turning
a proud look upon a bystander, his owner remarked, " Jim, how'll
you swap ? " Jim stood unmoved, but scrutinized the beast, wise-
ly, drops his head in deep thought, revolves his tobacco quid in his
mouth, squirts the juice through his teeth, and with the remark,

§58 ttlSTOUY OP PAYETTE COUNTY.

" Lem'me try her speed," mounts the shaggy ewe-necked animal,
and, like Ichabod Crane, on " Gunpowder," he rode with short stir-
rups, which brought his knees nearly up to the pommel of the sad-
dle ; his elbows stuck out like grasshoppers ; he carried his whip
perpendicularly in his hand, like a scepter, and as the old mare jog-
ged on, the motion of his arms was not unlike a pair of wings,
while the skirts of his coat fluttered out almost to the horse's tail.
Wheeling as suddenly as the condition of his .steed would admit, he
comes ambling back, dismounts and says, " You bet, Pete, she's a
daisy, an' if you'll give me a plug o' tobacker to boot, we'll call it
a dicker." So the business goes on. Old watches, harness, dandy
wagons, etc., are given in exchange, and each party goes off feeling
that he has the best of it.

THE FIRST RAILROAD.

During the session of the Ohio Legislature of 1849-50, the mem-
ber from this senatorial district, Mr. Linton, introduced a bill which
authorized the granting of a charter for a railroad, to be construct-
ed from Zanesville to Cincinnati, via Wilmington. The member of
the house from Fayette requested that the name of Washington
Court House be included in the charter, but this the gentleman
from Wilmington refused to do. The Washingtonians became in-
dignant, and employed Judge Daniel McLean to go to Columbus
to work np their interest, who eventually succeeded in eifecting the
desired change. The company was organized, and Judge McLean
elected one of the directors. The county commissioners were im-
portuned to issue one hundred thousand dollars in bonds, and took
action on the matter, as follows :

"Washington, Saturday, July 12, 1851.

" On this day the commissioners met. Present — Isaac L. Cook,
Jacob A. Kaukin, and Robert Eyre.

"And upon examining the act of the General Assembly of the
State of Ohio, passed March 5, 1851, entitled 'An act to authorize
the commissioners of Fayette County to subscribe to the capital
stock of the Cincinnati, Wilmington and Zanesville Railroad Com-
pany,' and being fully satisfied that the preliminaries required by
said law, in order to the taking of said stock by said commission-
ers had all been fully complied with, they thereupon did proceed,
for and in behalf of said county, to subscribe to said capital stock
of said railroad company the sum of one hundred thousand dollars,
in all respects as by said act they are authorized and required to do,
as by their subscription upon the books of said company, this day
made, will fully and at large appear."

A question arose as to whether bonds could be issued on a rail-
road before it was constructed, and the commissioners of Clinton
County refused to sign the bonds. Meanwhile the contractor, Mr,

559

360 HISTORY OF Fayette county.

DeGraff', demanded some assurance that the money would be forth-
coming at the proper time, before he would begin operations. He
was full}' assured on that point, and in the fall of 1852 the road
was completed from Zanesville to Morrowtown. Judge McLean
took a unmber of trips to the East and purchased iron, which had
been manufactured at Sweden. The terminus of the road being
Morrow instead of Cincinnati, the earnings were insufficient to
meet the expense. The road went through various hands, and is
at present operated and controlled by the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati
and St. Louis Railroad Company.

Several railroads have been projected through the county, and at
this writing three are in running order. A number of years ago
the construction of a road from Dayton to Belpre was agitated, and
the line surveyed through this count}'. Bonds for money to assist
in the work were issued by the commissioners, and a number of
people subscribed- liberally to the general fund. The grading was
nearing completion, when, for reasons known best by those inter-
ested, the project was abandoned.

In 1874, Dayton capitalists conceived the idea of building a road
from that enterprising city to the coal fields of southern Ohio.
Great interest was taken in the matter, work was begun and hur-
ried to completion, and, in spite of financial embarrassments, the
desired end was reached in the year 1879. The road was construct-
ed as a narrow-gauge, and did an immense business on and after its
completion to the coal fields. Li the spring of 1881, it was pur-
chased by the Toledo, Delphos and Burlington Railroad Company,
who have connected the same with their extensive narrow-gauge
system through Ohio and Indiana, and will extend the Southeastern
Division (lately Dayton and Southeastern Railroad) to the Ohio
River.

In the meantime, Springfield capitalists determined to construct
a narrow-gauge to Pomeroy, Ohio. Work was commenced, and in
1875 the road was finished to Jackson. It was originally named
the Springfield, Jackson and Pomeroy Railroad, but was sold on a
foreclosure of mortgages, in 1879, to a Springfield syndicate, who
re-christened it the "Springfield Southern." This management
changed the track to a standard gauge, and operated it till the
spring of 1881, when the Indianapolis, Bloomington and Western
Railroad Company purchased the franchise, and changed the name
to Ohio Southern Railroad.

GEOLOGY OF CLINTON AND FAYETTE
COUNTIES.

/

The following is taken from the Geological Report of Ohio :

Fayette County is bounded on the north by Madison County, on
the south by Highland and Ross counties, on the east by Pickaway,
and on the west by Clinton and Greene counties,

I propose to treat these counties together, partly because there is
much similarity in the physical characteristics of the two, but par-
ticularly because there is comparatively little of geological interest
in them. The formations are little exposed, being generally cover-
ed with alluvial and drift-deposits; and where they are exposed,
they do not present a great variety of material, such as imbedded
fossils, to the geologist, by means of which he may read the histor}^
of the life and change of the past, or of those products of the earth,
which are so indispensable to mankind, as ores, fossil, coal, and val-
uable stone, which elsewhere offer such inducements to geological
investigations. Still I hope that what I shall present of the geolo-
gy of these counties will not be utterly devoid of interest to those
most concerned, and none the less because I have not atttemped to
startle them by any inventions of my own, but I tell only what I
have seen, and that in a " plain, unvarnished" way.

In these counties one will not fail to observe how the character
and employment of the people depend upon the geological forma-
tions which underlie their habitations. Here are no rapid streams
affording power for manufacturing purposes, and no iron or coal
upon which to build the industries which depend upon them. No
cities teeming with pressing throngs employed in the arts of busy
life. The level surface of underlying rock, with the no less level
superficial covering, the deep, black loam point to agriculture as
the chief employment of the citizens of these counties. The char-
acter of the soil also determines the kind of agricultural products
which may most profitably be produced; and thus the range of hu-
man enployment is doubly limited,

361

862 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

The soil of the larger portion of these counties, including nearly
the whole extent of Fayette, is finely adapted to the growth of the
niost nutritious grasses, as well as the principal cereal grains. Hence
stock-raising has very naturally been the chief occupation of the
people. It is thus that the geological character of a country modi-
fies the employments, and, to a certain extent, determines the char-
acter of those who dwell in it. Where good roads are easily con-
structed, and where ready access is had, to all parts of a district,
there is apt to be a%iigh development of social qualities, and of the
refinements of civilized life.

The land is held in large bodies, causing a sparseness of popula-
tion, which has had, in times past, an unfavorable influence upon
the character of public education. The great energy displayed in
constructing public roads, has rendered large school districts less
inconvenient than they would be where good roads are impossible.

DRAINAGE.

The parting-line of the water-shed of the Little Miami and Scio-
to rivers, runs a little west of the line separating Clinton and Fay-
ette counties. Consequently, Clinton County is mostly drained in-
to the Little Miami River, and Fayette County wholly into the Sci-
oto. The drainage of Clinton County is mostly efi:ected by Ander-
son's, Todd's Forks, and the East Fork of the Miami.

Anderson's Fork rises on the line of water-shed to the south of
Reeseville, and flows in a circling channel, bending from north to
west, and emptying into Cresar's Creek, at a point without the coun-
ty. No where in its course is this stream far above bedded stone,
and at some points it runs upon strata of the Niagara formation, as
at places in the " Prairie," at Judge King's, and at Port William it
cuts through a portion of the j^^ntamerus beds of this formation
where, besides the- bed of the creek being wholly of this stone, tlie
banks, from five to ten feet high, are also of the same. Above Port
William, the stream is sluggish, and traverses, for some ten or
twelve miles, a district of marked character, known as the " Prai-
rie," a tract of wonderful fertility, of deep, black loam, and which
has been, at no very distant past time, the location of a shallow
lake or swamp. The highest land, I suppose, in the county, is
northeast of this " Prairie," and is, perhaps, not far from seven
hundred feet above low water mark at Cincinnati. I was not able

OEOLOGt* . 363

to obtain tlie elevations of the Cincinnati and Mnskingnm Valley
Railroad, which traverses both the counties of Clinton and Fayette,
and, therefore, lack some data necessary to state, with exactness,
the elevations of the different parts of these counties. But by the
kindness of Mr. J. H. Klippart, of Columbus, I obtained those of
the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad, and shall have to refer the
elevations of the portions of these counties to those of this road.
The highest point in Clinton County, on the Cincinnati and Mari-
etta Railroad, is a point a little east of Vienna, which is seven hun-
hundrcd and thirty-seven and a half feet above low-water mark at
Cincinnati. Anderson's Fork receives but few tributaries in all its
course, the tract which it drains being comparatively long and nar-
row. The bedded stone in its channel is of the Niagara formation
as far down as the Lumberton quarries, where it strikes and cuts
nearly through the formation known to geologists as Clinton, and
at a point a few miles further down stream, at Ingall's Dam, just
outside of Clinton County, it cuts about four feet of purple-red
shale, underlying the Clinton, and strikes the higher strata of the
Cincinnati group, or Blue Limestone.

Todd's Fork, with its tributaries, drains the central and western
part of the count3^ Running in a course in general parallel with
the last named stream, and within three or four miles of it, during
the most of its course, it could receive few and unimportant tribu-
taries on the side next to that creek, of which Dutch Creek is the
only one worthy of being named. On the other side there are three,
which I shall mention. The smallest of these is Lytle's Creek,
draining the immediate vicinity of Wilmington, and along which
the Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley Railroad runs. Cowan's
Creek rises on the north of the " Snow Hill " ridge, and in respect
of length, and of alluvial bottom, is even more important than the
stream to which it is nominally tributary. East Fork rises near
Martinsville, and has cut for itself a channel in some places, as
within three or four miles of Clarksville, nearly one hundred feet
deep in the blue limestone.

The East Fork of the Miami drains that part of the county
south of the Cincinnati and Marietta railroad, including the neigh-
borhood of I*^ew Vienna, and the region south of " Snow Ilill "
ridge.

All these streams have, in years past, furnished motive power for
grist and saw-mills, which have, in most instances, been suflered to

364 HisToiiY of fayette county.

go to decay upon their banks, on account of the failure of a supply
of water sufficient to turn their wheels during enough months of
the year to make" it profitable to keep up the mills. This is due, in
considerable degree, to the failure of the water in the streams dur-
ing the late summer and early fall months. The water which fell
during the winter and spring months, when the country was new
and mostly covered with forest, was retained on the soil. The
small streams were choked with rubbish, and the water stood on
flats, protected from speedy evajDoration by the dense foliage of the
trees, and^by the heavy coating of fallen leaves, which covered the
earth. No artificial drains were in existence. The water gradually
trickled from these natural reservoirs, highly colored with the sol-
uble elements of the partially decayed vegetable substances, and
kept the streams with at least a partial supply of water during the
most of the dry season. Then the mills and dams were less expen-
sive than now, particularly the dams, which were no more than
cheap structures of logs and brush, intended chiefly to be of use in
changing the current upon the wheel of the mill, rather than de-
taining the water in a reservoir. Then the machinery of mills was
simple and inexpensive, and was suffered to lie idle, without detri-
ment, during the season when the water was insufficient to turn it.
]^ow, numerous improvements have been made in mill machinery,
without which, such qualit}^ of flour as is now in demand, cannot be
made, and these, being patented, are more expensive than the ma-
chinery which they displaced. More expensive dams are necessary
to retain a large quantity of water. Formerl}^ the miller was also
generally a farmer, and could make profitable use of the dry sea-
son in tilling his farm. For such reasons as these, although the
same quantity of water still flows through the same channels, the
mills are in decay, and the mill seats abandoned.

NATURAL DRAINAGE OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

A glance at the map of this county, shows numerous water courses
traversing the county from its northern to its southern border, \ary-
ing but little in direction. These streams are all somewhat slug-
gish in the upper half of their course, but they have quite sufficient
fall to constitute an ample system of drainage.

At an early day in the settlement of this part of the country, the
greater portion of the county was too wet for the plow, but since

GEOLOGY. 365

the channels of the streams have been freed from obstructions, and
the water has been carried into the water-courses by ditching, this
county has taken rank as one of the first agricultural counties of
the state.

The water-courses present a singular uniformity in respect of di-
rection and tributaries. The main water channels are nearly paral-
lel with each other, and they take the same general direction, uni-
formly to the east of south. This is true of Deer Creek, as of Paint
Creek and its tributaries. We notice another characteristic of all
— the tributaries of all the streams put into them from the west.
There is no exception in the county — no instance of any tributary,
more than a branch a few hundred yards long, coming from the
east ; in fact, the tributary branches of all the creeks of the county,
rise within a score or so of rods of the bank of tlie next creek to
the west. This shows to the most casual observer that the whole
county sheds to east and south, and that as the lowest land in the
county is at the point where the water leaves it, so the highest may
be looked for in the region whence it flowed — to the northwest.

From Mr. James McClean, county surveyor, I learn that Deer
Creek is about one hundred feet lower than North Fork of Paint,
on the line of the White Oak Turnpike ; that Compton's Creek, on
the line i^f the InTcw Holland and Bloomingburg Turnpike, is fifty
feet higher than North Fork, and that East Fork is eighty-seven
feet higher than North Fork, and Main Point one hundred and
four feet higher than the same stream — so that if this turnpike
were a canal, all the water north of Washington could be readily
turned into North Fork.

The rise in the land from Washington to the northern boundary
of the county, is estimated at not more than fifty feet ; and from the
extreme north to the south along Paint Creek, the fall is not far
from two hundred and ten feet. As the railroad bridge at Green-
field is four hundred and fifty-one feet above low-water mark at
Cincinnati, and perhaps seventy-five feet above the bed of the
creek at the Fayette County line, the point of Paint Creek, where
it leaves Fayette County, would be three hundred and seventy-six
feet above low-water mark, at Cincinnati ; add one hundred and
sixty feet, the elevation of Washington, the county seat, above
Paint Creek, at the southern line of the county, and the elevation
of this town above low-water mark of the Ohio River, at Cincin-
nati, is about five hundred and thirty-six feet, or nine hundred and

366 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

sixty-eight feet above tide-water. It will thus appear that the av-
erage elevation of Fayette County is about two hundred feet less
than that of Clinton County.

If we trace the line of outcrop of the various formations from the
point in the western part of Clinton County, where Todd's Fork
leaves the county, we shall find that the strata of stone seen under
those we meet, proceed to the east, and if a well were dug deep
enough at Washington or Wilmington, it would cut through all the
strata found to the west as far as Cincinnati. A well sunk at
Washington would first penetrate the strata overlying those exposed
at Rock Mills, and passing through these,would penetrate the strata
represented on Paint Creek, below Rock Mills, as at Rogers' and at
James', and then would reach the stone so abundant on Rattle-
snake, from the line of the Washington and Leesburgh road to the
south, and, passing this, would penetrate the water-lime building-
stone of Greenfield and Lexington, and, going deeper, would pene-
trate the great Niagara system, one hundred and fifty to one hun-
dred and eighty feet thick, which is found immediately under the
city of Wilmington ; cutting through this it would next reach the
Clinton iron ore, and then the stratafied stone of this formation,
about thirty feet in thickness, and then, after cutting through three
feet of a ferruginous clay would reach the Cincinnati group, or blue
limestone, and in about one hundred and twenty-five feet would
reach the strata which are seen in Todd's Fork, where it flows out
of Clinton County.

It has been stated that the average level of Fayette County is
some two hundred feet lower than that of Clinton County, while
numerous formations overlie in Fayette County those found ex-
posed in Clinton County. The explanation is easy. It is observed
that all the strata which have been named, dip to the east. They
do, indeed, dip more, rather than less, than sufficient to make up
the difference in the level of the counties, and it is likely I have un-
derstated rather than overstated the difference in level, as it was
impossible to get the levels of the Cincinnati and Muskingum Val-
ley Railroad, which would have enabled me to be more exact. I
have calculated that the water-lime building-stone, as seen at Lex-
ington and Greenfield, dips from thirty-five to forty feet per mile
to the east, (it dips also to the north). In fifteen miles the dip
would be between five hundred and fifty and six hundred feet ; sub-
tracting two hundred feet, the 'difference in level, there would be

GEOLOGY. 367

left three hundred and fifty to four hundred feet to be made up in
Fayette County by additional strata.

DENUDING AGENCIES.

After the deposition of the rocks now found in Clinton and
Fayette counties, the surface was not long, at any early geological
period, beneath tlie snface of the sea. While the deposit of sand-
stone which extends almost from the very border of Fayette County
to the south indefinitely, and to the east, underlying the coal, was
being made, the land to the north was above water, as well as when
the deposits above the sandstone were made ; at least, whatever
material, organic or inorganic, was ever deposited here, has long
since disappeared. "We have some evidence, however, that the
slate which immediately underlies the sandstone extended some-
what further north than the sandstone itself has been found. In
Fayette County, near Rock Mills, about one hundred and twenty-
five feet above the bed of the stream, on the farms of A. J. Yeo-
mans and Aquilla Jones, as also on the farm of Mrs. McElroy, a
mile west of Paint Creek, and near the southern line of the county,
a vslate formation is to be seen capping the highest point of land in
the southern half of the county. This material must once have
been continuous, and may have extended further than any traces
of it are found at present.

We have abundant evidence in both of these counties of agencies
which have operated in comparatively recent geological periods,
and whicb have worn away deposits formerly existing here. We
find that the surface of the existing bedded rock has been worn
away and channels have been cut in it.

Where the loose material which now overlies the bedded rock
has been removed, we find markings upon the surface of the ex-
posed rock, if this is of such a nature as to resist atmospheric and
other agencies, which would cause the surface of the rock to disin-
tegrate, which indicate that some agency has been at work to grind
down, and wear and smooth the surface. But unfortunately the
nature of the stone underlying the clay in these counties is such,
that it would not generally retain any strife of a delicate character.
We do, however, find stone well polished and delicately striated in
Paint Creek. The exact locality is in Ross County above Green-
field, on the Indian Creek road, about three hundred feet up stream

368 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

from the beginning of the head-race of Smart's Mill, the last place
on the east side of the road where stone has been quarried, and
about thirty feet above low-water in the creek. I removed the
sand and gravel myself from the exceedingly well polished surface
of the rock.

Mr. John Sollars reported striated rock in a locality on his place,
and another locality was visited by me on the same stream above
Rock Mills.

At Rogers, below Rock Mills, the gravel contains many blocks
of well smoothed stone, and at Rock Mills, just north of the vil-
lage, many large bowlders of quartz and granite are mingled with-
out stratification with the gravel, and constitute no inconsiderable
part of the extensive beds.

At J. C. Sinsabaugh's, near Bloomingburgh, I saw a block of
stone one foot thick, two feet long and sixteen inches wide, which
had been taken from a gravel bank on his farm, and which was
well worn on a portion of one side, was very smooth and marked
with strife, but the edges or corners were not rounded or broken.
This was a hard, dark colored stone which gave out a ringing sound
at the stroke of the hammer, and seemed to be of the same
material as a drift-stone which I saw at Mr. Hegler's, on Herod's
Creek, in Ross County, which contained Tentaculites in abundance.

Formations in Clinton County, which were formerly continuous,
have been partially removed, as on Cliff Run the Clinton formation
is seen in its full thickness, while excavations show that its contin-
uity is broken to the east of this locality, so that the exposure of
white limestone on Cliff Run is a mere island of this kind of
stone.

Besides the wearing away of the general surface and the removal
of particular parts of formations, there were causes at work which
have excavated channels far below the general surface, [ce in the
form of glaciers, is generally regarded as the means by which the
denudation above alluded to has been effected, and moving water
has doubtless been the instrument by which the deep channels have
been excavated. These channels are only traced by observing the
excavations which are made for one cause or another, the sinking
of wells, and borings for water.

An instance of this channeling is noticed in that jegion in Clin-
ton County, known as the " Prairie," where it has been frequently
observed that they are places apparently forming a continuous line,

GEOLOGY. 369

where rock is not fonnd at any depth yet reached, although on
each side it is hut a short distance to the undisturhed strata. This
channel has not been thoroughly, but, so tar as observed, nearly,
coincided with the direction of the present Anderson's Fork.
Doubtless where the bottom of Anderson's Fork is the bedded
rock, the old channel was cut to one side or the other of that in
which the water flows at present. Connected with the fact of the
existence of such deep drainage at a former period, is implied that
the whole country was at a much greater elevation above the sea
than it is in our time.

THE DRIFT.

The old channels became silted up, and other accunnilations were
made subsequent to the period of denudation. The surface of the
land must have sunk down so as to be beneath the surface of the
water. Every indication points to water as the medium by which
the deposits were made. Upon the surface of the stone is every-
where found more or less of loose material. The study of this
material in both these counties is full of interest.

The Drift is composed of clay, with varying proportions of sand
and gravel, with occasional rounded blocks of granitic rock, and
with the remains of trees, and sometimes of other vegetation.
The greatest thickness of the Drift in our district is in Clinton
County, east of the " Prairie," where a deposit of over one hundred
feet is found. Whether the whole surface of the county was cov-
ered as deeply as this limited area, may admit of doubt; but there
are reasons for believing that the surface was once covered with a
heavy drift deposit. In some places the soft material has been wash-
ed away, leaving large accumulations of sand and gravel; in other
places, as in the level region between the East Fork of Todd's Fork
and Blanchester, the material of the drift was a finer sediment than
is found in other places, and has not been removed or disturbed to
such a degree as. in other portions of the county, and, conse-
quently, even if sand and gravel exist in it, such extensive beds of
these substances as are found where the sediment had a dift'erent
character, or was subsequently washed in currents of water.

The clays of the drift are both blue and yellow, the former ap-
parently prevailing in both counties, as shown in the excavations
for wells. There was considerable variation in reports of the strata

370 HISTOKY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

penetrated in sinking wells, but blue clay, or, as it is frequently
called blue mud from its appearance, was uniformly found, but
there was no uniformity in the thickness of it. Sometimes it is but
a few feet thickness, and in another place not a mile distant, it is no
less than forty feet thick. It is gen erally interstratified with sand and
fine gravel, but sometimes no such stratification is seen.

Water is found nearly everywhere within a very few feet of the
surface of the earth, so that it is seldom excavations were carried
further than from ten to twenty feet below the surface, and our
knowledge is limited of the material underlying to this slight extent.

i^ear Washington, on the farm of Mr. D. Waters, the blue clay
is interstratified with sand, while on that of Mr. Noah Evans, ad-
joining, there is a continuous deposit of the same material of forty
feet in thickness with gravel. This blue clay being impermeable
to water, it is when beds of sand in it are reached that water is ob-
tained, and usually in abundance.

In some parts of our district, particularly those which are flat,
there does not occur within the usual range of the wells, much, if
any, yellow clay. If it is found, it is just below the soil for from
three to ten feet, where fine grained blue clay invariably occurs,
interstratified with sand.

BOWLDERS.

These are found scattered over the surface of both counties, and
seem to belong above the blue clay deposit, rather than in it. The
largest bowlder, perhaps, which is found so far south in this state,
is found in Clinton County, on the county infirmary farm, near
Wilmington, and this lies on the fine-grained blue clay, upon which
it would seem to have fallen by the washing away of the clay in
which it was formerly imbedded, and which at a higher level lies
near it on all sides. This bowlder contains about twelve hundred
cubic feet, and weighs upwards of ninety tons. Other large bowl-
ders are found in the extreme northern part of Fayette County,
scattered numerously over the surface of the ground, and weighing
from twenty to thirty tons. Besides these large erratic blocks,
smaller ones are found more or less abundantly every where through-
out these counties, especially in the northern half. They are found
lying on or near the surface, where they have been left by the re-
moval by water of the material deposited with them, '

GEOLOGY. 371

GRAVEL AND SAND,

Mingled with the drift is always found a considerable proportion
of these substances, but being scattered throughout the whole
mass, or at most, showing only a slight tendency to be distinct in
strata, more or less mixed with soft material. Where the original
drift is in quantity and undisturbed, the sand and gravel in it are
not available for economic purposes.

A few years ago these counties were thought to be lacking in
these important adjuncts to civilization. It was not until within
the last five years, when the demand for gravel for road-making
became exceedingly urgent, that thorough and exhaustive, and as
the result proved successful, search was made for it. It is now
known that no real deficiency exists. People have learned where
to look for it. When the currents of water carried away the lighter
material of the drift deposit, those constituents which were heavier
were left behind. We may regard the highest land as the former
level of the region we are speaking of. There was then a deposit
of loose material, sometimes a hundred feet in thickness above the
bedded stone. This material was manifestly deposited from water.
And to account for the character of the markings upon the rock
surface, and the promiscuous intermixture of clays, sand, and
gravel, and sometimes a certain limited measure of stratification,
or assorting of the material according to their weight, and for the
evidently remote origin of the stony constituents requiring that
they should have been brought hither, and especially for the num-
erous bowlders conspicuous, both for their size and clear marks of
foreign origin, we unhesitatingly come to "the conclusion that ice
in some form contributed to the same end. Water in a liquid state
alone could not carry such material so far without having an enor-
mous velocity, sufiiciently to move before it not only the loose
material, but the very stone beneath it. When the water subsided,
new lines of drainage appeared, corresponding more or less, de-
pending upon the physical features of the countr}', with pre-existing
ones. The emergence of the land was gradual, and the subsiding
water stood for greater or less periods of time at diiferent levels,
which may be pointed out to-day with more or less distinctness.
During the emergence of the solid earth, the currents of water
carried away some of the material constituting the drift sediment

372 HISOTRY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

of the former period. The channels of dramage mark the direction
of the current. Within these channels, the drift deposits were re-
moved sometimes to the bedded rock. The varying force of the
currents distributed the material as we now see it. Strong currents
carried all before them ; weaker currents only the more refined sedi-
ment. Any current bearing substances along will deposit the heav-
ier material first, when the current becomes checked. It is thus
that matters carried in currents of water become assorted and dis-
tributed. When a current bearing sediment finds a wider chan-
nel and expands, the current is checked at the side upon which it
finds room to spread out. Here will be a deposit of the heavier
parts of its freight. If two currents meet at the point of intersec-
tion, the currents will be retarded, especially if one be more swollen
than the other, and the heavier material carried will be deposited.
Where now are mere brooks, the ample extent of the washing,
the broad valleys, show that rivers once flowed. Wherever the
drift clays were not washed, the gravel lies interspersed through
it ; but where the clays are broken, where valleys have been cut in
them, on the sides of these cuts, on the escarpment of the broken
clay and gravel drift, the clay has been removed and the gravel is
left in beds. Following the principles before referred to in regard
to the laws of sedimentary deposits, the road-maker of to-day may
find the deposits of gravel he needs. Along the declivity, where
two former currents met, far back from the meeting point of the
diminutive stream of the present time, on a point and looking from
the higher land, he who seeks this useful material need not look in
vain. As there were various levels of the water at that far distant
period, so are there several elevations at which gravel is actually
found. In addition to those beds on the escarpment of the hills,
there are found hillocks or natural mounds of gravel which repre-
sent eddies, or places in which for some cause the water was more
quiet, and hence, unable to carry forward all its load of sediment.
Besides these, the soil of the present bottoms is in many places un-
derlaid with ample deposits of gravel.

Drifted 'wood is found in the blue clay in all our district. The
instances in which wood has been found in the clay beds, pene-
trated in well-digging, are by no means few ; nearly every neigh-
borhood furnishing one or more. A kind of jointed grass or rush
was obtained from a well near Reeseville, in Clinton County.

Bones. — The gravel, which lay so long hidden from the knowl-

GEOLOGY. 873

edge of the present inhabitants, was ahiiost uniformly made use of
as places of interment by some former race of people. Scarcely a
gravel bed has been extensively worked in either of these counties
in which abundance of human bones have not been discovered.
The skeletons are usually found within two or three feet of the
surface. We are left to conjecture in giving any reason why this
material was used to make interments for the dead. Trinkets of
any decription are extremely rare in such graves, although not en-
tirely unknown. In none, of which I have heard, were there any
indications of unusual care or elaborateness in the interments.
Possibly the ease of excavating a grave in such material may have
determined the choice. But is it not a little singular that the in-
habitants of a long-past age should have known the position of
these gravel beds, covered, as they were, with a dense forest, while
two generations of the intelligent people of this age had not any
thought of their existence uiitil within a half dozen of years?

Stone imrplements. — Flint, arrow and lance-points, stone hammers,
bark-peelers, hematite fishing bobs or sinkers, and other articles of
this class are found especially along the water-courses. As no
value and but a passing interest have been attached to these articles,
they have not been preserved, but have been broken up or lost.
Still many are found yet by persons engaged in working the soil.
No one locality has furnished more than the borders of Deer Creek,
but they are common on all the streams, and, indeed, over the
whole surface of the county are they found. As the soil in Fayette
and in parts of Clinton has not been subjected to the plow as much
as in other places, and, of course, some of it not plowed at all, there
perhaps remain more still to be gathered than have ever been here-
tofore. Some persons, seeing in these articles a story of a former
race of human beings, who have left but little else to tell of their
manners of civilization, are gathering them up to preserve them
from destruction. Nothing more amazes one in contemplating
these relics of a people of a long past age than the immense num-
ber of them scattered over the surface of the earth. Perhaps no
single acre of ground in central or southern Ohio but has fur-
nished at least one flint arrow-point; but the average would be
much greater than one to the acre, and it is not too much to say
that every farm, at least, has furnished sometime a stone hatchet
or bark-peeler.

Hematite bowlder. — In Clinton County, near the residence of Sam-

374 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

iiel Lamar, one of the comity Gommissioiiers, I found a hematite
bowlder weighing about two hundred and fifty pounds. This was
extremely hard, and seemed to be of the same material from which
the sinkers, referred to in the last parr.graph, were made.

Flow-wells. — There are several wells in each county, from the
mouth of which the water constautly flows. . The well at* the fair
ground, near Washington, is a good illustration of the principle of
the artesian well. It was sunk through a stratum of blue clay to
one of sand, from which the water rises and comes to the surface.
About one mile distant is a well on the farm of Mr. D. Waters, in
which the water rises to within six feet of the surface of the ground.
The use of a level show^s that the ground rises about the same
number of feet between the fair grounds and Mr. Waters', and this
person must dig as much deeper to penetrate to the water-bearing
stratum of sand. The water stands on the same level in Mr.
Waters' well as at the fair grounds.

THE BOUNDARY LINE OF CINCINNATI GROUP.

The line separating the blue limestone and the Clinton white
limestone is easil}' distinguished. It may be distinguished in all
the streams in the western part of Clinton County, which all cut
abruptly through the Clinton and into the blue limestone. I shall
here indicate where that line runs, beginning just without the
county, oiT Anderson's Fork, near In gall's Dam, wdiere the upper
beds of the Cincinnati Gjroup and the Clinton formation are seen
at one glance. To the west a mile or two, on Cliff Run, as well as
on Buck Run, the Chnton stone may be seen forming low clifts, cut
off from the main body of the formation ; but the true line is on
Anderson's Fork, as mentioned above. On Todd's Fork, just
above the crossing of the Lebanon road, near the line which divides
the surveys, 1554 and 1556 (H. Gates), the same formations are seen in
juxtaposition. Further south, on Lytle's Creek, was not seen; but
on the next stream. Cowman's Creek, the line of the Clinton sweeps
around to the east and appears above the village of Antioch, on
the farm of Mr. James Gregory, and does not here rise above the
surface of the earth. The next point in the line is back to the west,
about one mile northeast of Martinsville, where it is quarried, and
then its next appearance is at a point about one mile south of Far-
mer's Station, on the Cincinnati and Marietta Railroad, on a trib-

GEOLOGY. 375

ntary stream of the East Fork of the Miami. The last point at
which the bkie limestone is seen on the East Fork of the Miami,
is near Pitzer's meeting-house, on the edge of White's survey.
The very interesting fossils of the bine limestone of the Cincinnati
Group will be figured in volumes of this survey, devoted to the sub-
ject of paleontology.

THE CLINTON FORMATION.

This is seen on Anderson's Fork, at Oglesby's quarry, and in
Todd's Fork from the point of its first appearance, near the Leb-
anon road, to Babb's quarr}' in the base of the Niagara. At either
of these localities the whole of the formation may be studied.

The lower strata have the distinctly sandy constitution character-
istic of this formation, from which the stone is frequently called
sandstone. These strata are good fire-stones, and resist the action
of fire as a back wall in fire-places, for a generation, without soft-
ening or crumbling. But the strata a few" feet higher are burned
into lime, and make a medium quality for building purposes, and,
no doubt, a very good quality of caustic lime for softening straw in
the manufacture of paper. Some part of the ten feet of massive
stone furnishes good building material. This stone has been ob-
tained in Todd's Fork, but is expensive on account of thickness of
superincumbent stone of a poor quality which must be removed
before good stone can be reached. On Anderson's Fork, at Ogles-
by's quarry, the same stone is more accessible, and is the best build-
ing stone obtained from this formation. The quality of this stone
at Oglesby's has led some to refer it to the Niagara. But it has the
hardness and gritty character of the Clinton, and on surfaces which
have been exposed in the quarry to the action of atmospheric agen-
cies for a period of several years, it is seen to be composed almost
wholly of a solid mass of broken encrinitic stems. Aside . from
lithological characters, this stone at Oglesby's is in the Clinton
horizon about midway from top to bottom, exclusive of the iron
ore in the upper part. The twelve feet from the top of the Clin-
ton is well seen from the under-strata at Babb's quarry, on Todd's
Fork, down stream to the locality of the iron furnace formerly
erected to work the ore. This twelve feet is highly fossiliferous
throughout, but it is only in a few feet at the bottom where the
proportion of iron is greal enough to entitle it to the name of iron

376 HISTORY Oi' FAYETTE COUNTY.

ore. Ill this part the imbedded fossils are deeply colored by the
iron. For some reason the furnace erected here about twenty-
seven years ago did not prove a success, and was soon abandoned,
although the quality of iron was regarded as very good. The rich-
est ore is a brittle stone, mostly composed of small, exteriorily
smooth and shiny lenticular grains, reminding one of flax-seed.
The ore is easily crumbled in the hand, and contains numerous dis-
jointed crinoidal disks, partially eroded. The species of fossils be-
come more numerous as we approach the higher strata. Some-
times the stone is highly granular or crystalline, while still crumb-
ling easily in the fingers, and is less ferruginous, and the imbedded
fossils become light colored. The iron ore occurs in considerable
quantities, being exposed in an outcrop along the slopes for several
miles, and large quantities could be obtained by stripping. If it
were more convenient or nearer furnaces in operation, it might be-
come valuable to mix with other ores in making certain qualities of
iron, particularly if it should be found to serve likewise as a flux
The fossils in the upper beds are better preserved than in the lower,
but good cabinet specimens are difficult to obtain. That locality
alluded to before as Grubb's quarry, in the southern part of the
county, abounds in fossils, and I recommend it as a promising field
for palfeontological research. It was but little opened at the time
of my visit, but as the stone obtained seemed to answer well for
building purposes, it will doubtless be further developed and furnish
many fossils, and possibly some that are new to science.

Feet.

Highly fossiliferous courses 12

Massive courses, hard and gritty, showing crinoidal

stems on weathered surface, . . . .10

Strata alternating with clay, 5

Ferruginous clay, separating the limestone from the

blue clay below 3

THE NIAGARA FORMATION.

This designation, as well as many others in our geology, includ-
ino- the subject of the last paragraph — the Chnton — are derived
from the account of the geology of the State of Kew York pub-
lished some years since, and are taken from the occurrence of these
strata in well known localities in that state.

GEOLOGY. 377

The Niagara formation is not exposed very extensively in Clinton
County, and dips far under the surface in Fayette. It lies immedi-
ately on the iron-stone or ore just referred to at Bahb's (|uarry, on
Todd's Fork, Here, proceeding from the upper strata of Clinton
in the bed of the creek, near Babb's quarry, we find, commencing
at the Clinton, thence upward :

Blue clay with purple tint, . . . . .4 inches.

Blue clay, 4 inches.

Stone stratum, .1 inch.

Pnrple or red clay, unctuous feeling, . . 4 inches.
Blue clay, 4 inches.

The best Niagara building stone in the county — smooth, tine-
grained, even-bedded limestone — approaching in quality some sorts
of marble.

The supply of this building stone, however, is limited and much
below the demand. In the inferior strata no trace of organic re-
mains were found, their fine, even texture suggesting that they may
have been deposited as calcareous mud in quiet water. In no part
of the twelve or fifteen feet here exposed were organic remains
found, except in the most meager quantity, here and there occur-
ring a small mass of coral which is completely incorporated in the
substance of the stone, being unbroken and standing upright as it
was formed, having been silted up by fine, sedimentary deposits.
Above this building stone the system assumes that loose and porous
character so often observed in this formation, full of casts of large
Pcntamerus ohlongus and other fossils, with numerous small cavities
stained with carbonaceous matter. At Port William the exposure
on Anderson's Fork was perfectly characteristic of this formation,
the jagged and cavernous masses being worn and corroded by the
elements into fantastic shapes.

But the most interesting exposure of this formation in the coun-
ty is that known as Black's quarry, near Snow Hill, where the strata
belong to the upper portion of the Niagara. This is a highl}- fos-
siliferous stone, but unsuitable for building purposes, as it is soft
and porous, and can be crumbled in the hand. The stone used in
constructing the Vienna and Wilmington Turnpike was obtained
here. The fossils are difficult to obtain without being broken, but
man}^ of them are very good specimens, the most delicate markings

378 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

being preserved. The stone is so fragile that the specimens are
greatly injured by handling, and can not be packed in the usual
manner without detriment. Among those I brought away I find a
HhynchoneUa caneata, an Aflnjrls, a Polypora and Striatopora, and a
Favistella plumosa. The moHuscous fossils obtained were casts of
the shells, the interiors being entirely empty and showing the mus-
cnlar impressions with great distinctness. It will doubtless repay
the palaeontologist richly to make a thorough exploration of this
quarry. If there is any economic value in the product of this
quarry, not heretofore discovered, I suggest that it may be as mate-
rial for lime. The best quality of building lime is manufactured in
other localities from stone obtained in this horizon of the Niagara
formation. There may be a question of its practical utility for this
purpose on account of the liability of the stone to break up.
There were indications that in some portions of the quarry the
quality of the stone might be less liable to this objection. So far
as my observation extended, this portion of the Niagara occurs no-
where else in our district. All the bedded rock eastward of the
localities I have named, where the Niagara may be found, belong
to the same formation, as all places where stone in position is found
along Anderson's Fork, near Wilmington, and also near Reese ville.

THE LOWER HELDERBERG, OR WATER LINE.

This formation occurs next above the Niagara, and overlies it in
Fayette County. The Niagara dips to the east, and the Lower
Helderberg overlaps it. On Rattlesnake, in Fayette County, about
one hundred feet in perpendicular thickness of this stone are ac-
cessable to observation. The exact locality where the greatest
thickness can be observed, is on the Washington and Leesburg
road, west of Rattlesnake Creek — the hill in the rear of the school
house has an exposure near the summit. Going from the Falls of
Rattlesnake, near Monroe, in Highland County, against the stream,
after leaving behind the Niagara at the Falls, and some distance
above, the next stone in position is the Lower Helderberg. The
fine building stone of Lexington and Greenfield belongs to the
lower strata of the water-lime. The same quality of stone has not
been found on the Rattlesnake ; whether it occurs there or not, re-
mains to be seen. Within the Fayette County line, along the
creek, from one' hundred to one hundred and twenty-five feet, in

GEOLOGY. 379

perpendicular nieasiirement, are found. In the lower strata of this
exposure, numerous bivalvular mollusks were found, which I have
not identified. On Paint Creek, near Smith's Mill, a profusion of
a small moUusk, in a broken and confused condition, was noticed.
These I did not find on Rattlesnake. In the higher strata, no or-
ganic remains were obtained. This stone, through the entire one
hundred and. twenty -five feet, maintained strikingly tlie same char-
acteristics.

When exposed to the air in masonry, this stone resists the wea-
thering influences on the surface, but is liable to shell otf and actu-
ally becomes fissured, through and through, until massive blocks
become nothing more than a tottering collection of loose splinters
and fragments. This stone is not now approved as material for
bridge abutments or foundation walls. If a slab, from eight inches
to a foot in thickness, is struck a few smart blows with a hand ham-
mer, it not only fractures through and through, but breaks into
pieces often not more than one or two inches in any dimension.
The fracture is, in every instance, conchoidal. The stone is of an
uniform texture, new fractures having a velvet}^ appearance, with a
fresh, brown color. It has been burned into lime, but I could not
learn anything definite as to its quality. As the stone contains
lime and allumina, there may be some portions of it adapted to the
manufacture of hydraulic lime. Some of the higher strata resemble
the Dittenhouse stone in the northern part of Ross County, which
makes a good qnality of water-lime. The striated rock on Paint
Cree4s:, near Smart's Mill, spoken of heretofore, is referred to this
formation as the equivalent of that on Rattlesnake. There does not
occur any more bedded rock on Rattlesnake above this develop-
ment not referred to. But above the exposures near Smart's Mill,
on Paint Creek, occur strata successively as one ascends the stream.
In fact, all the bedded rock which occurs in Fayette county, except
a limited exposure on Deer Creek, in the extreme eastern part of
the county, is represented in that which is encountered on Paint
Creek, from near the southern boundary line, to the vicinity of
Rock Mills. To keep the continuity of strata, as we proceed in
our investigations, we shift the scene from Rattlesnake to Paint
Creek.

The next outcrop ascending this stream, above the striated rock
in the vicinity of Smart's Mill, in Ross County, is above the bed of
the creek, and one or two miles up stream from the last locality, on

380 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

the farm of Mr. Evan James. Here, we observe, a marked change
has taken place in the lithological character of the bedded rock. I
had no iustrnmental equipment which would enable me to ascer-
tain whether or not this stone was conformable in dip with that of
the last exposure. A considerable difference in altitude existed be-
tween the two exposures, but the intervening formations were not
visible. The stone at James' is a limestone, light in color, and fine
grained ; a good quality of stone for building purposes. The quarry
was but little worked where the building stone had been procured
but a short distance further up the stream, the strata near the
creek are very thin, often uot more than one-half an inch thick,
and none more than two inches thick, nearly white in color, and
show finely sun and water cracks. These marks are delicate, but
distinct, and roughen the surface but little. They seem to have
been formed on the beach of a shallow, quiet water. The stone is
fine in texture and soft to the touch. These strata are traced along
the creek for about two miles, getting somewhat thicker in the up-
per part of Rogers' quarry. In no part of this distance were ai]y
organic remains discovered, but on the Washington and Greenfield
Turnpike, fifty or more feet higher on the horizon, and about west
from the point of first appearance of the bedded rock in the creek,
in the ditch, by the roadside, occur strata which show clearly mark-
ed indications of a lamellibranch moUusk, less than a quarter of an
inch in its longest measurement, also very distinct and beautiful
fucoidal impressions. The fractures showed delicate markings of
dendrites. This is perhaps the same stone which occurs w^est of this
locality, at Mrs. Doster's, on Walnut Creek, and has a local reputa-
tion as a fire-stone.

Another and more massive exposure, occurs two miles above
Rogers', a harder stone than any found above Paint, and in some
respects reminded me of the Clinton.

The locality of Rock Mills presents more points of interest to the
geologist than any other in Fayette County. Below is a section
of all the strata visible in this vicinity :

FEET.

Yellow chi}', seen on ridge east of the creek, . 5

Blue clay, u ^ a a . . &
Shale or slate, " " " . 10
Strata of stone unconformable with those next below,
seen best just above "Lower Cedar Hole," contains
a stratum of breccia 50

GEOLOGY. 381

Fossiliferons, top strata at west end of bridge, thin

strata, one half an inch to six inches thick, said to be 10

These, with the eleven above, non-fossiliferoas, . 15

" Fossiliferous ledge," all the fossils in the quarry ob-
tained here, 1

To creek bed not seen 40

The fifty feet or more of strata, near " Lower Cedar Hole," did
show about one foot in ten to the south. The upper strata con-
tained no fossils so far as seen, but near the bottom occurs one
stratum which is composed in part of breccia. The fragments are
about one-eighth of an inch thick, and are clearly defined, and im-
bedded in a matrix of a lighter color. A portion of one of the
strata was almost wholly composed of what seemed to be internal
casts of a small shell — probably Loxonema hydraulica. — Hall.

I shall add no further remarks to those which have been made
above, except that the stratum marked as being fossiliferous above,
contained many fragments of orthoceratites. No good cabinet speci-
mens of any kind of fossils were secured here. Tlie strata above
the. fossiliferous one are nearly all water-marked, or rather sun-
marked, as if dried or baked in the hot sun. They exhibit no signs
of fossils, either animal or vegetable.

From this locality the building-stone, used in Washington and
vicinity, is mostly obtained. The pavements are flagged with the
thin sun and water-marked stones.

The only strata in the county, higher than those at Rock Mills,
are found on Deer Creek, in the eastern part of the county. It
would be difiicult to assign these strata to their exact position with-
out tracing them down stream on Deer Creek.

THE PAVING-STONES OF WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE.

We have so often been asked what caused the peculiar marking
of these stones, that a briej" explanation may be of some interest in
this connection. It is a well-known fact that Unie and sand stone
are formed by successive sedimentary deposits, through the agency
of water. Every one has noticed during dry weather the deep
cracks in the earth, especially in the bottoms of ponds and creeks,
after the water has all disappeared. When a heavy rain comes
the ground is again overflowed, foreign matter is carried in, and

382 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

the cracks are filled with a difterent material from the original,
thus presenting the same phenomenon at the present time as form-
erly, when the rocks in question were formed. The water has
receded, the exposed surface has been subjected to the intense rays
of the sun, and in the rapid process of drying, cracks and crevices
have been formed, which have been filled up by the overflow, as
the process of rock-formation goes on from age to age.

FAYETTE COUNTY IN THE REBELLION

The first giiu discharged from the reljel batteries at the stars and
stripes, floating over the ramparts of Fort Sumpter, resounded over
the waters and through the valleys, reverberating from hill to hill,
proclaimed to the patriots of tliis country the intelligence through-
out the vast Union, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, that the old
flag was insulted, the government in danger, and that the brave
sons of Ohio were called upon to protect the old ship of state.
Ohio as a whole responded nobly to the call for volunteers. Fay-
ette County, as a part of that glorious whole, sprang to the rescue.
The fires of patriotism were lighted in every loyal heart, not only
of her brave sons, but her noble women, who, with Spartan hero-
ism, urged them to the tented fields.

FIFTY-FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.

Recruiting for this regiment began in the latter part of the sum-
mer of 1861, the place of the rendezvous being Camp Dennison,
where the regiment was organized and drilled during the fall of
1861. The men composing this command were from the comities
of Allen, Auglaize, Butler, Cuyahoga, Fayette, Greene, Hamilton,
Logan, and Preble.

On the 17th of February, 1862, the regiment went into the field
with an aggregate of eight hundred and fifty men. The 54th
reached Paducah, Kentucky, February 20, 1862, and was assigned
to a brigade in the division commanded by General Sherman. On
the 6th of March, the command ascended the Tennessee River, dis-
embarked at Pittsburg Landing, and camped near Shiloh Church.
On the 6th of April, the regiment engaged in the battle of Pitts-
burg Landing, its position being on the extreme left of the army,

383

384 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY,

but on the second day it was assigned a new position near the cen-
ter of the line.

In the two days' fighting the regiment sustained a loss of one
hundred and ninety-eight men killed, wounded, and missing. On
the 29th of April the regiment moved upon Corinth, skirmishing
severely at Russell House, May 17th, and engaging in the move-
ment upon the works at Corinth, May 31st. On the morning of
the evacuation the 54th was among the first organized bodies of
troops to enter the town. The regimental colors were unfurled
from a public building, and the regiment was designated to perform
provost duty, the commanding officer of the regiment being ap-
pointed co^mmandant of the post of Corinth.

The regiment moved with the army to La Grange, Tennessee,
and from there to Holly Springs ; from there to Moscow, Tennessee,
and thence to Memphis, whore it arrived July 21, 1862. During
the summer the regiment was engaged in several short expeditions,
and on the 29th of November it moved with the army toward
Jackson, Mississippi, by way of Holly Springs. The regiment soon
returned to Memphis, and with a portion of the army, under Gen-
eral Sherman, moved down the Mississippi and went into position
before the enemy's line at Chickasaw Bayou. It was engaged in
the assault on the rebel works, December 28th and 29th, with a loss
of twenty men killed and wounded. On the 1st of January, 1863,
the regiment withdrew, ascended the Mississippi and Arkansas
rivers, and engaged in the assault and capture of Arkansas Post.

The 54th again descended the Mississippi River, and disembarked
at Young's Point, Louisiana. Here it was employed in digging a
canal, and in other demonstrations connected with the siege of
Vicksburg. It was a severe march among the bayous to the rear
of Vicksburg, which resulted in the rescue of the gunboats, which
were about to be abandoned and destroyed!

On the 6th of May the regiment began its march to the rear of
Vicksburg by way of Grand Gulf, and was engaged in the battles
of Champion Hills and Big Black Bridge. It was engaged in a
general assault on the enemy's works in the rear of Vicksburg, on
the 19th and 22d of June, losing in the two engagements forty-
seven killed and wounded. It was continually employed in skir-
mishing and fatigue duty during the siege of Vicksburg, except for
six days, which were consumed in a march of observation toward
Jackson, Mississippi.

IN THE REBELLION. 385

After the fall of Vicksburg, the 54th moved with the army upon
Jackson, Mississippi, and was constantly engaged in .skirmishing,
from the 9th to the 14th of July. After the capture of Jackson,
the regiment returned to Vicksburg, and remained until October,
1863, when, forming a part of the Fifteenth Army Corps, it ascend-
ed the Mississippi River to Memphis, and from there proceeded to
Chattanooga.

It was engaged in the battle of Missionary Ridge, November
26th, and next day marched to the relief of the garrison, at Knox-
ville, Tennessee. It pursued the enemy's wagon-train from Knox-
ville through the southeastern portion of Tennessee, and a short
distance into llTorth Carolina, and then returned to Chattanooga,
and moved thence to Larkinsville, Alabama, where it went into
winter quarters, January 12, 1864.

The regiment was mustered into the service as a veteran organi-
zation on the 22d of January, and at once started to Ohio on a fur-
lough. It returned to camp in April, with an addition of two hun-
' dred recruits, and entered on the Atlanta campaign on the first of
May.

It participated in a general engagement at Resaca, and at Dallas,
and in a severe skirmish aft Kew Hope Church, June 6th and 7th.

It was in the general assault upon Kenesaw Mountain, June
27th, losing twenty-eight, killed and wounded.

It was in a severe skirmish at Nicojack Creek, July 3d, losing
thirteen, killed and wounded ; and was in a battle on the east side
of Atlanta, July 21st and 22d, sustaining a loss of ninety-four kill-
ed, wounded and missing.

The 54th lost eight men, killed and wounded, at Ezra Chapel, on
the 28th of July, and from the 29th of July to the 27th of August,
it was almost continually engaged in skirmishing before the works
at Atlanta.

It was in a heavy skirmish at Jonesboro, August 30th, and in a
general action at the same place, two days immediately following.

After resting a few weeks in camp, near Atlanta, the regiment
started in pursuit of Hood,, and followed him within sixty miles of
Chattanooga, and from there to Gadsend, Alabama, when it return-
ed to Atlanta, and prepared for the march to Savannah.

The 54th started on that wonderful march on the 15th of No-
vember, and on the 15th of December, was engaged in the assault
and capture of Fort McAlister, near Savannah.

386 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

The regiment assisted in tlie destruction of the Gulf Raih'oad, to-
wards the Altamaha River, and on the 7th of January, 1865, march-
ed into Savannah.

After a rest of several weeks, it moved with the army on the
march through the Carolinas, skirmishing at the crossing of the
South Edisto and North Edisto rivers, on the 10th and 12th of
February, respectively.

It was closely engaged in the vicinity of Columbia, and partici-
pated in its last battle at Bentonsville, North Carolina, March 21,
1865.

The regiment marched to Richmond, Virginia, and from there
to Washington City, where it took part in the grand review of the
"Western Army. On the second of June it was transported by rail-
roads and steamboats to Louisville, Kentucky, und after remaining
there two week:s, it proceeded to Little Rock, Arkansas, and there
performed garrison duty until August 15, 1865, when it was mus-
tered out. The regiment returned to Camp Dennison, Ohio, where
it received final pay, and was disbanded on the 24th of August,
1865.

The aggregate Strength of the regiment, at muster-out, was two
hundred and fifty-five — twenty-four officers and two hundred and
thirty-one men. It marched, during its term of service, a distance
of three thousand six hundred and eighty-two miles; participated
in four sieges, nine severe skirmishes, fifteen general engagements,
and sustained a loss of five hundred and six men, killed, wounded
and missing.

COMPANY I.

Jerre Houser, captain, enlisted September 1, 1861.

Luther W. Saxton, second lieutenant, enlisted December 1, 1861.

Joseph Doland, sergeant, enlisted December 1, 1861.

Jacob Dommond, private, enlisted September 11, 1861.

William Allen, private, enlisted December 23, 1861.

Henry Belt, private, enlisted September 7, 1861.

John Ibes, private, enlisted December 23, 1861.

Jacob Ibes, private, enlisted December 23, 1861. .

Thomas R. Jones, private, enlisted November 11, 1861.

George Richardson, private, enlisted November 10, 1861.

Eber Allen, private, enlisted December 31, 1861.

Michael Bonny, private, enlisted December 2, 1861.

IN THE REBELLION. 387

Timothy Morgan, private, enlisted December 30, 1861.
Jacob Bales, private, enlisted December 2, 1861.
John High, private, enlisted September 18, 1861.
Usual Kimbell, private, enlisted Septei^ber 20, 1861.
Archibald Stetsworth, private, enlisted September 11, 1861.

COMPANY C.

Charles A. White, captain, enlisted September 1, 1861.
Joseph Hauser, first lieutenant, enlisted September 18, 1861.
John S. Wells, second lieutenant, enlisted September 7, 1861.
James P. Wyatt, sergeant, enlisted September 12, 1861.
John A. Kuhl, sergeant, enlisted September 18, 1861.
Harrison Doster, sergeant, enlisted September 18, 1861.
David Hopkins, sergeant, enlisted October 20, 1861.
Milium Birk, corporal, enlisted September 20, 1861.
John Reynolds, corporal, enlisted September 11, 1861.
Rabers Wells, corporal, enlisted October 20, 1861.
Edmund Updegrove, corporal, enlisted September 11, 1861.
Peter Tammany, corporal, enlisted September 18, 1861.
Thomas C Doster, corporal, enlisted October 19, 1861.
Edmund Millikan, musician, enlisted December 6, 1861.
Francis L. Blakemore, private, enlisted September 11, 1861.
James M. Bougham, private, enlisted October 22, 1861.
William Black, private, enlisted October 19, 1861.
Charles W. Craig, private, enlisted September 7, 1861.
John Craig, private, enlisted September 7, 1861.
John Caplin, private, enlisted September 9, 1861.
John Conner, private, enlisted September 11, 1861.
John B. Dewey, private, enlisted October 17, 1861.
James Dewey, private, enlisted November 19, 1861.
John W. Dorman, private, enlisted October 18, 1861,
Dennis Dorman, private, enlisted December 6, 1861.
William Eastman, private, enlisted September 11, 1861.
Thomas S. Edminson, private, enlisted September 11, 1861.
Matthias Engle, private, enlisted October 25, 1861.
Anthony Prickers, private, enlisted September 9, 1861.
Jasper Hire, private, enlisted September 10, 1861.
Timothy Hixon, private, enlisted October 19, 1861.
Henry M. Grove, private, enlisted December 6] 1861.
James M. Goldsberry, private, enlisted September 18, 1861.
Michael Halton, private, enlisted October 19, 1861,
Thomas C. Hellen, private, enlisted October 19,1861.

388 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

David Jones, private, enlisted Sepbember 18, 1861.
Edward King, private, enlisted September 11, 1861.
Patrick Karon, private, enlisted December 6, 1861.
William D. Keith, private, enlisted October 21, 1861.
Isaac Miller, private, enlisted September 12, 1861.
William Miller, private, enlisted December 6, 1861.
Leopold Mader, private, enlisted September 18, 1861. .
Robert Nixon, private, enlisted September 18, 1861.
Fergus Nixon, private, enlisted October 23, 1861.
John N. Pocock, private, enlisted September 17, 1861.
William Priddy, private, enlisted September 20, 1861.
Levi Ross, private, enlisted September 18, 1861.
Isaac N. Rorice, private, enlisted September 17, 1861.
Samuel Solvers, private, enlisted September 11, 1861.
Samuel Sallars, private, enlisted October 19, 1861.
Jonathan Sallars, private, enlisted September 18, 1861.
Joseph Smith, private, enlisted September 20, 1861.
Charles W. Smith, private, enlisted November 1, 1861.
Isaac Smith, private, enlisted November 15, 1861.
Silas M. Smith, private, enlisted December 6, 1861.
Oliver Vaupelt, private, enlisted September 11, 1861.
Charles Willson, private, enlisted September 18, 1861.
Joseph Willson, private, enlisted December 6, 1861.

RECRUITS.

James M. Doster, corporal, enlisted February 8, 1864.
Albert Siddens, private, enlisted February 8, 1864.
Isaac J. Shields, private, enlisted February 20, 1864.
Robert Wells, private, enlisted October 20, 1861.
Albert P. Coyner, private, enlisted October 28, 1861.
Matthias Engle, private, enlisted December 21, 1861.
Dennis Dorman, private, enlisted December 6, 1861.

COMPANY A.

Complete roster of all officers and men, who enlisted at Wash-
ington C. H., Ohio, for three years, or during the war, and those
who veteranized :

S. B. Yeoman, captain, enrolled September 5, 1861, discharged June 8,
1863. Resigned on account of wounds.

IN THE REBELLION. 389

L. W. Saxton, captain, enrolled September 11, 1861, discharged June 27,
1864. Killed at Kenesaw Mountain.

E. B. Updegrove, captain, enrolled September 11, 1861, discharged Au-
gust 15, 1865, with the company at the close of the war.

George F. Kili, first lieutenant, enrolled September 5, 1861, discharged
May 17, 1862. Transferred as captain of Company K.

James Depoy, first lieutenant, enrolled September 5, 1861, discharged
February 19, 1863. Resigned.

Judson McCoy, first lieutenant, enrolled September 5, 1861, discharged
November 9, 1864. Time expired.

Philip Weitzel, first lieutenant, enrolled December, 1864, discharged
August 15, 1865, with the company.

MUSTER-OUT ROLL.

!N'on-commissioned officers and privates mustered out with the
company, at the close of the war, at Little Rock, Arkansas :

Norman Shellers, veteran first sergeant, enlisted September 5, 1861, dis-
charged August 15, 1865.

Harrison Cline, veteran 2d sergeant, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

Peter Ulmer, veteran 3d sergeant, enlisted September, 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

Elias Tracey, veteran 4th sergeant, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

Hensy Johnson, non-veteran 5th sergeant, enlisted September 5, 1861,
discharged August 15, 1865.

Thomas Hagne, veteran 1st corporal, enlisted September 5, 1861, dis-
charged August 15, 1865.

Michael Assing, recruit private, enlisted January 4, 1864, discharged Au-
gust 15, 1865.

Michael Cedle, veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

B. F. Calvin, recruit private, enlisted December 27, 1863, discharged Au-
gust 15, 1865.

William Ducey, veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

George Eberhart, veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

George P. Edie, recruit private, enlisted December 29, 186.3, discharged
August 15, 1865.

390 HISOTKY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

John H. Edie, recruit private, enlisted December 29, 1863, discharged
August 15, 1865.

David Hedsick, veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

Samuel Keasn, veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

Jacob Misler, veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

Thomas Miller, recruit private, enlisted December 27, 1863, discharged
August 15, 1865.

John N; Office, recruit private, enlisted February 29, 1864, discharged
August 15, 1865.

Cornelius Peas, recruit private, enlisted February 10, 1864, discharged
August 15, 1865.

John Petsy, veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged Au-
gust 15, 1865.

W. D. Rumor, veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865,

J. E.. Roads, veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

S. B. Sanderson, veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

S. B. Spangler, recruit private, enlisted December 29, 1863, discharged
August 15, 1865.

Levi Wright, veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

W. D. Woods, veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
August 15, 1865.

John White, recruit private, enlisted December 29, 1863, discharged Au-
gust 15, 1865.

Harvey Rogers, non-veteran sergeant, enlisted September 5, 1861, killed
July 22, 1864, near Atlanta, Georgia.

James Wimer, non-veteran corporal, enlisted September 5, 1861, killed
December 28, 1862, at Chickesaw Bluffs, Mississippi.

John Coil, recruit private, enlisted August 4, 1862, killed December 28,
1862, at Chickesaw Bluffs, Mississippi.

Nathan Chesley, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5^ 1861, killed
April 6, 18C2, at Shiloh, Tennessee.

William Holcomb, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, kill-
ed April 6,* 1862, at Shiloh, Tennessee.]

IN THE REBELLION. 391

Ezra Lathem, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, killed
April 6, 1862, at Shilob, Tennessee.

William Radke, recruit private, enlisted June 13, 1862, killed May
22, 1863, storming Fort Pemberton, near Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Lewis Sterz, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, killed April
6, 1862, at Shilob, Tennessee.

Nathan White, recruit private, enlisted December 29, 1863, killed June
27, 1864, at Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia.

DIED.

John P. Fechthorn, non-veteran sergeant, enlisted September 5, 1861,
died March 26, 1863, at Paducah, Kentucky.

Walter L. Hill, veteran sergeant, enlisted September 5, 1861, died Janu-
ary 5, 1865, at Andersonville, Georgia, of wounds received at Kenesaw
Mountain.

James Heffley, non-veteran corporal, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
February 14, 1864, at Paducah, Kentucky. (Disease).

William Figins, non-veteran corporal, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
October 1,1863, at Memphis, Tennessee. (Disease).

Joshua Ferguson, non-veteran corporal, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
January 5, 1863, at Young s Point, Louisiana. (Disease).

Fielding Latham non-veteran corporal, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
June 20, 1862, at Memphis, Tennessee. (Disease).

Isaac Abner, non-veteran private, enlisted September 6, 1861, died Au-
gust 10, 1862, at Atlanta, Georgia.

John Baker, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died Octo-
ber 20, 1863, at Memphis, Tennessee. (Abscess).

Simon Coil, non veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died February
8, 1864, at home. (Disease).

J. E. Emery, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died Au-
gust 3, 1863, at Memphis, Tennessee. (Flux),

Carl Kranter, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died Sep-
tember 3, 1862, at Memphis, Tennessee. (Congestive fever).

Fritz Krim, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died Febru-
ary 14, 1864, at Cincinnati, Ohio. (Disease).

David Lindsey, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
January 31, 1861, at Camp Dennison, Ohio. (Disease).

Levi Morrow, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died Au-
gust 2, 1863, at Vicksburg, Mississippi. (Disease).

Jacob Rankin, non- veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died May
31, 1862, at New Corinth, Mississippi, of wounds received at Shiloh.

392 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

William Richardson, non-veteraa private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
1862, at Saint Louis, Missouri. (Disease).

Collum Rumor, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
1862, at Memphis, Tennessee. (Disease).

John M. Smidt, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
1862, at Cincinnati, Ohio, of wounds received at Shiloh.

John H. Smith, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
June 24, 1862, at Hamburg, Tennessee. (Fever).

Ignatious H. Smith, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
1862, at Cincinnati, Ohio. (Disease).

John A. Sanderson, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
July 13, 1863, at Plymouth, Ohio. (Disease).

Jefferson Seedlfe, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
1862, at Memphis, Tennessee. (Disease).

David Turner, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, died
April 19, 1862, at Cincinnati, Ohio. (Disease).

Jo&eph White, recruit private, enlisted December 29, 1863, died August
9, 1864, at Marietta, Georgia. (Disease).

Charles Weaver, recruit private, enlisted February 3, 1864, died Novem-
ber 28, 1864, at Camp Chase, Ohio. (Disease).

DISCHARGED ON SURGEON'S CERTIFICATE.

Hensy C. Wimer, non-veteran 1st sergeant, enlisted September 5, 1861,
discharged July 22, 1862, at Columbus, Ohio. Wounded at Shiloh, Ten-

William Sick, non-veteran sergeant, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
July 24, 1862. Wounded at Shiloh, Tennessee.

James W. Richardson, non-veteran sergeant, enlisted September 5, 1861,
discharged November 24, 1862, at Memphis, Tennessee. (Disease).

George W. Pippenger, non-veteran corporal, enlisted September 5, 1861,
discharged November 24, 1862, at Memphis, Tennessee. (Disease),

Patrick Driscoll, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, dis-
charged November 24, 1862. Wounded at Shiloh, Tennessee.

James Hensey, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
1862, at Camp Dennison, Ohio. (Disease).

Martin Joice, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
December 25, 1862, at Memphis, Tennessee. (Disease).

Adam Krant, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
November 24, 1862, at Memphis, Tennessee, (Disease).

Michael Kuderer, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, dis-
charged 1862, at Cincinnati, Ohio. Wounded at Shiloh.

IN THE REBELLION. 393

Thoma.s J. Lindsey, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 18G1, dis-
char}>;ed December 19, 1SG2, of wounds received at Shiloh, Tennessee.

John H. Miller, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, dis-
charged May 20, 1865. Wounded near Atlanta, July 22, 1864.

Charles P. Smith, non veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, dis-
charged December 11, 1862. Wounded at Shiloh, Tennessee, April 6, 1862.

John F. Shoemaker, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, dis-
charged January 16, 1862, at Memphis, Tennessee, of wounds.

tlensy Sherer, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
July 29, 1862, at Columbus, Ohio. (Disease).

Sanford Tucker, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1862, dis-
charged March 12, 1863, of wounds received at Shiloh.

Elijah Williams, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1862, dis-
charged 1862, of wounds received at Shiloh.

Peter Zager, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1862, discharged
January 16, 1863, at Memphis, Tennessee. (Disease).

DISCHARGED.

The following members were discharged September 19, 1864, at
East Port, Georgia, by reason of expiration of first three years' en-
listment :

Samuel E. Hamilton, non-veteran 1st sergeant, enlisted September 5, 1861.
Joseph White, non- veteran sergeant, enlisted September 5, 1861.
James K. Ayers, non-veteran corporal, enlisted September 5, 1861.
Robert D. Blue, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861.
Rufus Degroat, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861.
Godfred Gestner, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861.
Paul Jones, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861.
Simon Kaulter, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861.
Lucean McCollum, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861.
Levi Murphy, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861.
Benjamin Office, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861.
John Piggott, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861.
John Servis, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861.
Hensy C. Steel, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861.
Richard Weber, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861.

DISCHARGED BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR.

James Calkins, recruit private, enlisted December 18, 1862, discharged
June 26, 1865, at Washington, D. C.

26

394 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

David Ibes, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
February 19, 1863, at Saint Louis, Missouri.

John Staley, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, discharged
January 12, 1862, at Cincinnati, Ohio.

TRANSFERRED.

John D. Long, non-veteran corporal, enlisted September 5, 1861, trans-
ferred to V. R. Corps.

Joseph Utz, veteran bugler, enlisted September 5, 1861, transferred Jan-
uary 1, 1864, to field and staff.

Levi D. Starr, non-veteran private, enlisted September 5, 1861, trans-
ferred to V. R. Corps.

NINETIETH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.

This regiment was organized at Lancaster, Ohio, on the 15th of
July, 1862, by the military committees of the counties of Fayette,
Pickaway, Fairfield, Hocking, Vinton, and Perry. August 28,
1862, the organization of the regiment was completed, and it was
mustered into service. Its aggregate strength was thirty-eight
commissioned officers, and nine hundred and forty-three, men. At
8 o'clock p. M., August 29th, it was on its way to Covington, Ken-
tucky, where it reported to Major General Wright, on the 30th.
At 10 A. M. it was on the cars, with orders to report to General
Nelson, at Lexington, Kentucky. General Nelson being disabled
by a wound, Colonel Ross reported to General Wright, who had
assumed command. This officer ordered Major Yeoman to take
four companies and picket all the approaches to the city. This
duty was faithfully performed until 3 o'clock of September 1st,
when rumors of the advance of the rebel army from Richmond
became so strong that orders were issued to burn the army stores
and prepare to move at once. By 7 o'clock p, m. the regiment was
in line on the Versailles turnpike, detailed as guard for the wagon
train, four companies in the rear, under Major Yeoman, and six in
the advance, under Colonels Ross and Rippey.

At 4 p. M. the national forces had reached Versailles, a distance
of twelve miles, and was in full retreat. The forced m^rch was

IN THE REBELLION. 395

continued to Louisville, the men suffering terribly from thirst and
the stifling dust. The fatigue was truly agonizing, This suffering
was intensely aggravated by guarding the wells and cisterns along
the road, which compelled the officers and soldiers to drink from
the stagnant pools beside the road. The command consisted most-
ly of new levies, consequently the men were unused to such hard-
ships, and many sank under the terrible strain. At Shelby ville (a
beautiful village) the thirst of the men was alleviated by the clear,
cold, spring water, kindly issued to each man by the citizens, as
the column passed along.

At 1 o'clock p. M., September 5th, the regiment reached its camp-
ing-ground, near Louisville, having marched one hunclred miles in
eighty-six hours — taking, in the meantime, less than sixteen hours
sleep.

The regiment remained in camp until the 5th of September, en-
gaged in picket duty and drill. On the 16th it was assigned to
Brigadier General Craft's brigade, of Brigadier General Woodruff"'s
division. After maneuvering in the vicinity of Louisville for sev-
eral days, the regiment was assigned to the twenty-second brigade,
Brigadier General Charles Crafts ; fourth division. General W. S.
Smith ; twenty-first army corps, General T. L. Critenden, and
marched with General Buell's army in pursuit of the rebel forces
under General Bragg. On the 8th of October it approached to
within two miles of Perryville. The musketry of the battle was
distinctly heard, but from some unaccountable cause the regiment
was not allowed to engage in the conflict.

October 10th it moved on the Danville road, and on the 11th
reached that place. On the 12th it moved to the left of Danville,
and in front of Camp Dick Robison. On the 13th it counter-
marched to Danville, and on the 14th resumed the pursuit of
Bragg, and bivouacked near Stanford. On the 15th, at noon, it
reached Crab Orchard.

Passing through Mt. Vernon, it crossed Little Rockcastle River,
and, meeting the enemy posted on the road leading to Wildcat
Mountain, drove them from that position. On the 20th the regi-
ment surprised twelve hundred of the enemy, and with a yell
swooped down upon them, capturing two hundred prisoners, and
over tAvo hundred head of cattle. While on this march it effectu-
ally destroyed the Goose Creek salt works, a valuable depot, from
which the rebels had long been drawing their supplies of that in-
dispensable article.

396 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

The march through this region was one of great hardship.
Many of the men were shoeless, and in marching over the snow-
clad roads, they left their foot-prints marked with blood.

October 27tli the regiment bivouacked near Somerset. Contin-
uing the march, it passed over the battle-ground of Mill Springs,
and on the 4th of Noveml)er reached Glasgow, Kentucky. It re-
mained here until the 8th, when it broke camp, and on the 19th
marched through Nashville, and went into camp nine miles beyond
that city.

December 26, 1862, the regiment moved with the army on Mur-
freesboro, Tennessee, and on the 27th bivouacked on Stewart's
Creek. December 29th, at 8 o'clock a. m., the forward movement
was resumed, the regiments marching in divisions, and columns at
half distance. At 7 p. m., on the 30th, the division was massed in
a cotton field, badly mixed, and in no condition for offensive move-
ments. This was within one mile of Stone River. The morning
of the 31st found the regiment in line. After standing thus for
some hours, hearing the din of battle in the rear, its turn came
to be placed face to face Avith the enemy, where it fought as cooly
as if it had been on a hundred battle-fields. The enemy was,
however, in too great numbers, and the 90tli being without sup-
port was compelled to fall back on the main force. The regiment
lost in this fight one hundred and thirty men killed, wounded and
missing. Six officers were wounded : Captain M. B. Rowe, Lieu-
tenant L. "W. Reahard, of Company K ; Lieutenant Welsh, of
Company D ; First Lieutenant T. E. Baker, of Company C ; and
Second Lieutenant J. N. Selby, of Company H; and Captain
Thomas Raines, of Company F ; Captain Alvah Perry and Lien-
tenant J. F. Cook, were captured. At 12 o'clock m., the regiment
was again formed on the left of the Kashville turnpike, and support-
ed a battery the rest of the day. The men having lost their blank-
ets and knapsacks suffered terribly that night from the cold.

January 1, 1863, the third day of the battle, the regiment was in
line all day, but the most of the fighting was done by the artillery.
On the morning of the 2d it occupied the position on which was
massed those forty pieces of artillery which sent Breckenridge's
rebel corps howling back over Stone River. At 5 p. m. General
Palmer ordered the 90th Ohio and the 31st Indiana to move over
an open field. They obeyed, and charged a rebel position still on
the national side of Stone River, and with but little loss became
masters of it.

IN THE REBELLION. 397

On the 4th the enemy was nowhere to he seen, and the day was
spent in burying the dead of the regiment, who were found strip-
ped of all their clothing except their drawers. Those seriously
wounded were found with their wounds undressed, and in a most
terrible condition. Colonel Ross, who led the regiment in this
battle, and who proved himself a brave and efficient officer, was
immediately after sent to the rear in serious ill-health. Lieutenant
Colonel liippey succeeded to the command. On the 14th of April,
Colonel Ross resigned, and Lieutenant Colonel Rippey was pro-
moted colonel, and Major Yeoman was appointed lieutenant colo-
nel.

The regiment lay in camp near Murfreesboro, with the rest of
the army, until the 23d of June, when General Rosecrans com-
menced his movements on Tullahoma. After a hard march
through the mud and rain, and over almost impassable mountains,
skirmishing with the enemy at several points along the route, the
90th Ohio found itself, on the 12th of September, on West Chicka-
mauga Creek, near Lee and Gordon's mills. On the 19th it was
ordered to move, witli its brigade, by the left flank to the support
of General Thomas' corps. The line of battle passed at quick
time over a cornfield and through a strip of timber, and on emerg-
ing from the timber discovered the enemy at close range, in the
act of completing their movement of turning and inclosing Gen-
eral Thomas' right flank. This line was established at 1 p. m., and
notwithstanding the repeated eftbrts of the enemy was held until
2:30 p. M., when, the supply of ammunition being exhausted, Colo-
nel Rippey received orders to retire his regiment to k strip, of tim-
ber one hundred and fifty yards in the rear.

In his new position, Rippey made application for, and obtained
a section of battery B, 1st Ohio Artillery, and with it held the
enemy in check until a fresh supply of ammunation was obtained.
It now became evident, from the advancing war of the musketry,
upon the front and right, that the position was again being flanked.
To meet this new movement, the regiment made a right half-wheel,
about faced, and was in position to meet the impending charge of
the enemy. To save a rout of the right, it was plain that a counter
charge must be made. General Turchin gave the order, and the
90th Ohio led the charge in gallant style, causing the enemy to
retreat in confusion. The rebels were followed some four hundred
yards, when General Turchin called out, " Poys, we go far enough,

398 fitSTOilY Oi' FAYEtTE COUNTY.

we know not what is on our right, or what is on our left ! " The
90th Ohio was next ordered to the support of General Johnson's
division, now being hard pressed.

September 20th, the brigade constructed works without the aid
of axes, shovels, or picks ; upon which the enemy made two in-
effectual assaults. The 90th Ohio was then ordered to relieve the
2d Kentucky, which it executed under a heavy fire from the
enemy, losing five men in advancing to the line of works. The
enemy finding the position too strong, massed his forces on the left
of the brigade line, and succeeded in partially turning it, exposing
the regiment to a rear and flank fire. It was by this fire that the
gallant adjutant of the regiment, D. K. Kingery, was killed. The
national forces ralUed, the enemy was in turn driven, and part of
the lost ground recovered.

During the battle, the breastwork of the regiment, (which con-
sisted of logs) caught fire on the outside ; but the fire was extin-
guished by officers and men voluntarily, leaping the works and
beating the fire out with their hands and clubs. The enemy con-
centrated their fire on these brave men, but not a single oflicer or
man was hit while so exposed. The enemy again pressed the right
flank of the position, and succeeded in turning it, which compelled
the abanondment of the works. Retreating under fire on the
Dry Valley road, which connects with the Rossville road, near that
place, the command was again placed in position on a high ridge
running nearly parallel with the Dry Valley road. From this posi-
tion the regiment was ordered to Rossville, which it reached at 10
p. M., and bivoucked in line of battle.

The loss of the regiment, on the 19th and 20th, was three ofiicers
killed : Adjutant Kingery, Captain R. D. Caddy, Lieutenant N. A.
Patterson mortally wounded; and eighty-three non-commissioned
ofiicers and privates killed, wounded and missing.

The national army fell back on the 21st and 22d of October,
behind intrenchments at Chattanooga. On the 25th, the division
and regime Qt crossed the Tennessee River, and moving down
it at daylight, ran the gauntlet of rebel sharp-shooters posted at the
narrows, without loss. This march extended to Bridgeport, Ala-
bama, where the regiment arrived on the 2nd of November, at 10
o'clock, P. M. It was engaged in building fortifications until the
29th, and was then given charge of three thousand five hundred
rebel prisoners taken at Mission Ridge. The regiment then re-
turned to Bridgeport.

IN THE REBELLION. 399

On the 24th of Januaiy, 1864, the regiment received inarching
orders. It moved through Chattanooga and out on the Knoxville
Raih'oad to Ooltowah, Tennessee, and there went into camp. It
was engaged at this point in various important scouts. Colonel
Yeoman was now in command of the regiment, Colonel Rippey
having resigned and returned to Ohio.

The camp at Oottowah was abandoned on the 30th of May, at
1 o'clock p. M., and then commenced the movement of the great
Atlanta campaign. For one hundred and twenty days the 90th
Ohio, in company with the national forces, marched, fought, and
suffered, until the 8th of September, 1864, it had the satisfaction of
entering the city of Allanta, " fairly won."

The regiment camped here, from the 8th of September, until the
3d of October, when it received orders to move. Passing through
Atlanta, and out the Marietta road, it reached a poiut four miles
south of Marietta, and eighteen from Atlanta. From this point,
the regiment made its way over pretty much the same ground it
had marched in its advance on Atlanta.

Every nerve was strained to intercept and check-mate the rebel
general, Hood, who was making his way toward Nashville. All
the familiar blood-bought scenes on the march were again viewed
by the brave men ; and while in camp, lying behind breastworks
which had been constructed by rebel hands, the story of their
deeds were recounted, and new resolves made.

The regiment, with the fourth corps, participated in all the bril-
liant fights on the way, including that of Franklin, a battle that
has been pronounced one of the most bloody and desperate of the
whole war. It was also, in the battle before Nashville, and after
victory had crowned the national arms, joined in the pursuit of the
demorilized rebels to the banks of the Tennessee River. Return-
ing, the regiment marched to the left in the direction of Athens,
and on the 4th of January, 1865, reached Huntsville, Alabama,
where it went into camp, two miles east of the city, at the foot of
Mount Sinai. It remained here until the 1st of March, 1865, when
it moved to Nashville and remained there until the surrender of
the rebel armies. It was then sent home to Ohio and mustered out
of the service.

On the evening of the 12th of June, 1865, as the 90th Ohio Vol-
unteer Infantry was about returning home, the 31st Indiana Vet-
eran Volunteer Infantry paid them a visit, to express their \ippreci-

400 HiSTOEY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ation of their services as patriot soldiers, and love for them as com-
rades. The following preamble and resolutions were unanimously
adopted, not as a favor, but as an expression of their hearts' sen-
timent :

Whereas, The 90th Ohio Volunteer Infantry are about returning
to their home§, to again assume their citizenship, after three years'
faithful service in their country's defense; and,

Whereas, We of the 31st Indiana Veteran Infantry have been
intimately associated with them while in the army ; shared in their
dangers, their hardships, their privations, and in their victories —
forming affections and ties, as lasting as life itself ; therefore.

Resolved, That we hail with joy the order that allows our com-
rades of the 90th Ohio Volunteer Infantr}' to again assume tlie du-
ties of civil life, amid the magic influences of home associations, and
home endearments.

Resolved, That mutual dangers, and common interests, during
the long struggle for national life, has begotten a feeling of love
and friendship between us that can never be forgotten, and can on-
ly be appreciated by soldiers, and that along with comrades brave,
who have fallen b}^ our sides in battle, will be cherished our asso-
ciations with the 90th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.

Resolved, That in the future, all the hajipiness and honor, the
peace and prosperity ever vouchsafed to man, we most cordially
wish to attend the members of the 90th Ohio ; and that ever here-
after, the talismanic watchword, that shall leap over all the conven-
tionalities of society, and appeal directly to our heart's best sjmipa-
thies and love, shall be, "I belonged to the 90th Ohio Volunteer In-
fantry."

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be not furnished to the
Cincinnati Commercial, or any other paper for publication, but be
treasured in our memories as the utterance of our heart's deepest
sentiments.

George M. Noble,
Captain 31st Indiana Veteran Volunteers.

Headquarters 1st Division, 4th Army Corps, \
Camp Harker, Tennessee, June 11, 18G5. j

Colonel S. N. Yeoman :

You, with officers and men of the 90th Ohio, after three years of

IN THE REBELLION. 401

gallant devotion to tlie cause of our common country, in this war
against rebellion, are now about to return to your homes, with hon-
or unstained, and with reputations bright with glory. Your deeds
will live forever. In nearly every battle, from the southwest, you
have been engaged ; from Corinth, through Perry ville, Stone Riv-
er, Chickamauga, Resaca, Rocky Trace, Dallas, Franklin, and N'ash-
ville, you have borne the, flag of the union, and banner of your no-
ble state to victory over the foe, who would have destroyed the
government and union made by our fathers.

God has given you the victory. Remember him ; and, now that
the war is over, the rebellion at an end, remember those whom you
have conquered. Use victory as becoming true men and brave sol-
diers ; return to your homes with enmity towards none and charity
for all.

I know that you will be the, best of citizens, because I know you
have been the best of soldiers. While we live, enjoying the honor
and privileges which our victory has won and saved, let us ever
cherish, as the idol of our hearts, the memory of our comrades who
have given up their lives for the salvation of their country ; who
fell by our sides battling for right. Remember the widows and or-
phans of our dead comrades; be true to them, as our comrades were
true to their country.

My comrades, accept my gratitude for your devotion to me per-
sonally. You have been true and noble soldiers, and brave men.
May God ever bless you, and crown your lives with happiness, and
each of you with peace and plenty. Be as you ever have been —
true to God, to your country's friends, and to yourselves.

Good-by, comrades ; again, God bless jou.

Nathan Kimball,
Brev't. Major-General Commanding.

COMPANY K.

The following original members enlisted in 1862 :

Morris B; Rowe^ captain, enlisted July 23.
James F. Cook, 1st lieutenant, enlisted July 22.
Lewis W. Reahard, 2d lieutenant, enlisted July 24.
Robert M. Christy, 1st sergeant, enlisted July 23.
Edmond Elliott, sergeant, enlisted July 29.

402 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

John F. Burk, sergeant, enlisted July 23,
John C. Grim, sergeant, enlisted July 23.
David Cameron, sergeant, enlisted July 27.
George W. Rowe, corporal, enlisted August 21.
George W. Downey, corporal, enlisted July 27.
John Kinney, corporal, enlisted July 27.
Henry C. Larimer, corporal, enlisted August 6.
Henry Harper, corporal, enlisted July 27.
Jonathan Ellis, corporal, enlisted July 24.
James Fichthorn, corporal, enlisted August 2.
John R. Cove, corporal, enlisted August 1.
John Craig, musician, enlisted August 4.
John Foster, wagoner, enlisted August 1.
Philip 0. Adams, private, enlisted July 26.
William Adams, private, enlisted August 1.
Albert Henry, private, enlisted July 24.
George Anderson, private, enlisted July 27.
Thomas Armstrong, private, enlisted August 14.
Charles E. Barnes, private, enlisted July 17.
William Bennet, private, enlisted August 5.
William Boganwright, private, enlisted August 1.
Jesse Bunker, private, enlisted July 24.
Carl George, private, enlisted July 24.
William Claybaugh, private, enlisted July 29.
Lewis O. Chin, private, enlisted August 2.
James Culbertson, private, enlisted August 1.
Harvey Culbertson, private, enlisted July 27.
David Defbaugh, private, enlisted July 22.
Benjamin F. Elliott, private, enlisted July 29.
John M. Gibson, private, enlisted July 20.
James Gibson, private, enlisted July 24.
William GiflFord, private, enlisted July 27.
James Gifford, private, enlisted August 2.
William Goanigs, private, enlisted July 27.
John W. Goddard, private, enlisted July 29.
M. D. L. Green, private, enlisted July 24.
Randolph Green, private, enlisted July 24.
Elijah H. Griffith, private, enlisted August 6.
William Grim, private, enlisted July 25.
Henry Grub, private, enlisted July 29.
George T. Hampton, private, enlisted August 7.
John Hemphill, private, enlisted August 7.
Andrew Henline, private, enlisted July 31.

IN THE REBELLION. 403

Frederick Hannough, private, enlisted August 2.
Elijah Johnson, private, enlisted July 27.
Daniel Johnson, private, enlisted August 2.
John W. Johnson, private, enlisted August 2.
B. A. Jones, private, enlisted July 29.
Levi W. Kittle, private, enlisted July 24.
Henry S. Klebber, private, enlisted August 1.
Michael Klebber, private, enlisted August 14.
Smith R. Lambert, private, enlisted August 25.
David Lively, private, enlisted July 29.
Charles Long, private, enlisted July 27.
Benjamin D. McArthur, private, enlisted August 2.
Thomas S. McDonald, private, enlisted July 28.
Isaac McKeever, private, enlisted July 26.
James D. McMahan, private, enlisted August 8.
James P. Mills, private, enlisted August 2.
William A. Miller, private, enlisted July 26.
Henry Mitchell, private, enlisted July 26.
James Morgan, private, enlisted July 22.
Samuel Moyer, private, enlisted August 5.
Patrick Murphy, private, enlisted July 24.
Edmond E, Ott, private, enlisted August 7.
Joseph H. Ott, private, enlisted July 22.
James H. Parris, private, enlisted July 29.
Richard Parker, private, enlisted August 7.
Nathan Pearson, private, enlisted July 27.
Jonathan Powless, private, enlisted July 30.
George Props, private, enlisted August 2.
John Props, private, enlisted August 2.
John G. Reif, private, enlisted August 2.
Jonathan Richardson, private, enlisted July 24.
Benjamin Rabey, private, enlisted July 30.
Soloman Salmon, private, enlisted July 30.
Harrison Shiplet, private, enlisted August 7.
Simeon Shiplet, private, enlisted August 1.
John W. Silcott, private, enlisted August 6
William Smith, private, enlisted July 24.
Samuel S. Stover, private, enlisted July 27.
Lafayette Strope, private, enlisted July 29.
Thomas Summers, private, enlisted August 4.
George Street, private, enlisted July 26.
Isaac Thompson, private, enlisted August 2.
Hugh Tomblinson, private, enlisted August 6.

404 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

Frederick Turner, private, enlisted July 26.
Richard Venner, private, enlisted July 27.
W. H. Warrensburg, private, enlisted July 24.
William H. Weller, private, enlisted July 18.
J. D. Williams, private, enlisted August 9.
Howard Wimer, private, enlisted July 24.
Shaderick C. Wraten, private, enlisted July 23.

Thomas Finnigan, sergeant, enlisted January 18, 1864.
Benjamin E. Orr, corporal, enlisted February 25, 1864.
David Thuckmorton, musician, enlisted February 1, 1864.
Anthony Claridge, private, enlisted February 9, 1864.
Solomon W. Ely, private, enlisted February 9, 1864.
William Kiser, private, enlisted December 29, 1863.
Douglas Owens, private, enlisted February 16, 1864.
John Stumbau, private, enlisted December 29, 1863.

COMPANY C.

The following original members enlisted in 1862 :

Robert D. Caddy, captain, enlisted July 10.
Alonzo W. Black, 1st lieutenant, enlisted July 28.
Jacob Bush, 2d lieutenant, enlisted August 4.
Archibald M. Rogers, 1st sergeant, enlisted August 2.
James P. Fent, sergeant, enlisted August 8.
George T. Haskins, sergeant, enlisted July 30.
Samuel W. Stuckey, sergeant, enlisted August 4.
Charles Caddy, sergeant, enlisted August 13.
William J. McVey, corporal, enlisted July 31.
Moses C King, corporal, enlisted July 31.
John Harper, corporal^ enlisted August 4.
Jacob Krehs, corporal, enlisted July 28.
Wesley T. Struley, corporal, enlisted August 4.
William Beatty, corporal, enlisted August 8.
Wesley M. Creamer, corporal, enlisted August 4.
John C. Fifer, corporal, enlisted August 14.
Alexander B. Creamer, musician, enlisted August 6.
Louis F. Statcenberg, musician, enlisted August 9.
William Allen, private, enlisted August 4.

IN THE REBELLION.

Ephraim Allen, private, enlisted August 9.
Harvey S. Barney, private, enlisted August 7.
William Bonecutter, private, enlisted August 6.
Albert Bonecutter, private, enlisted August 6.
John W. Bougbn, private, enlisted August 7.
William M. Boughn, private, enlisted August 9.
Joseph H. Boughn, private, enlisted August 9.
Meridith Bowen, private, enlisted August 9.
Biglow W. Brown, private, enlisted August 2.
John Burton, private, enlisted July 16.
John W. Cahill, private, enlisted August 1.
David Calhoun, private, enlisted August 19.
Samuel H. Carr, private, enlisted August 4.
Jacob S. Cockerill, private, enlisted August 31.
David C. Conner, private, enlisted August 4.
George W. Conner, private, enlisted August 4.
George H. Creamer, private, enlisted August 4.
Lewis Creamer, private, enlisted July 28.
John Creamer, private, enlisted July 28.
Isaac J. Dennon, private, enlisted August 8
Jacob F. Daster, private, enlisted July 31.
John N. Doyle, private, enlisted July 31.
Hiram G. Duff, private, enlisted August 8.
John J. Duff, private, enlisted August 9.
Edward C Duff, private, enlisted August 9.
John W. Ellis, private, enlisted August 4.
Otho Engle, private, enlisted August 9.
John W. Engle, private, enlisted August 9.
James Feemy, private, enlisted August 9.
Philip M. Fent, private, enlisted August 8.
Samuel Flax, private, enlisted August 9.
Daniel Garden, private, enlisted August G.
George M. N- Grover, private, enlisted August 6.
William Hammond, private, enlisted August 9.
Lewis Hatfield, private, enlisted August 13.
William Hidy, private, enlisted July 30.
Jackson Highland, private, enlisted July 30.
John C. Hogue, private, enlisted August 6.
William A. Halson, private, enlisted August 18.
Oliver E. Horney, private, enlisted August 9.
Ferris Horney, private, enlisted August 7.
Marshall Hosier, private, enlisted August 6.
A. Hyer, private, enlisted August 6.

405

406 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

William H. James, private, enlisted August 7.
Lewis James, private, enlisted August 8.
Daniel A, James, private, enlisted August 6.
Thomas Jenkins, private, enlisted August 8. .
John H. Mahoy, private, enlisted August 4.
George Miller, private, enlisted August 8.
Benjamin Miller, private, enlisted August 1.
Newton McGinness, private enlisted August 14.
Harmon Mclntyre, private, enlisted August 19.
David Mock, private, enlisted August 19.
Martin L. Mock, private, enlisted August 19.
Marion Myers, private, enlisted July 28.
James M. Parrett, private, enlisted August 4.
John S. Parrett, private, enlisted August 22.
George W. Pomell, private, enlisted August 6
Paris Robinson, private, enlisted August 8.
George Richardson, private, enlisted August 6.
Daniel Rupert, private, enlisted August 9.
Charles J. Sharrett, private, enlisted August 9.
Jackson Smith, private, enlisted July 29.
S. G. Snowden, private, enlisted August 6.
Milton Sperlock, private, enlisted August 6.
Jesse Sperlock, private, enlisted August 6.
George P. Straley, private, enlisted August 8.
Elan Thornton, private, enlisted August 13.
Joseph Tracy, private, enlisted August 9.
John S. Tracy, private, enlisted August 9.
Andrew Ulmer, private, enlisted July 29.
Gideon Vesy, private, enlisted August 4.
Burgess Watts, private, enlisted August 14.
Thomas Williams, private, enlisted August 8.
Henry Wiley, private, enlisted July 28.
Eli Wood, private, enlisted August 6.
William Wood, private, enlisted August 22.
Benjamin Woolley, private, enlisted August 6.
William Wylight, private, enlisted August 4.

RECRUITS.

Philip Tumblin, private, enlisted January 20, 1864.
Leander Taylor, private, enlisted January 17, 1864.
JohnC. Murphy, private, enlisted February 6, 1864.

IN THE REBELLION. 407

ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH O. V. I.

The 114th Ohio was recruited in August, 1862, from the counties
of Perry, Fairfield, Pickaway, Fayette, Hocking, and Vinton, It
rendezvoused at Camp Circleville, and was mustered into the
United States service September 11, 1862.

The regiment remained in Camp Circleville until the 19th of
September, 1862, when it was ordered to Marietta. Marching
from Circleville, it took the cars at Chillicothe for Marietta, arriv-
ing at the last named place September 21, 1862, and went into
camp six weeks, occupying the time in drilling and equipping for
the field.

December 1, 1862, the regiment was ordered to Memphis. On
the 20th it moved on transports down the Ohio and Mississippi
rivers, to Johnson's Landing, on the Yazoo River, where it joined
General Sherman's army then about to operate in the rear of
Vicksburg. On the 26th of December the regiment landed near
Chickasaw Bluffs, and participated in the assault on the enemy's
works on Chickasaw Bayou. It was actively engaged during the
whole of this battle, and severely engaged on the 28th and 29th.
In one of these affairs Lieutenant Wilson, of Company F, was
severely wounded by a shell in the foot, which had to be amputated
a few days thereafter. Lieutenant Marfield, of Company B, was
killed by a sharp-shooter. The regiment lost several others, killed
and wounded.

On the night of January 1, 1863, at 10 o'clock, the army com-
menced the retreat, and at sunrise of the 2d the entire command
was on board the boats. Before the boats could be detached from
shore the rebels fired into them, wounding one man of the regi-
ment.

During the six days the regiment remained on this disastrous
fi:eld, the men suflfered intensely from the heat and cold.

After leaving Chickasaw Bluffs, the fleet of transports moved
up the river, and on the morning of the 10th of January, 1863,
cast anchor near Arkansas Post. The forces were landed, and
preparations made for an attack on the fortifications. At 10 a. m.,
January 11th, the attack was commenced, and after a brisk en-
gagement between the national and rebel forces, and a heavy can-
nonade from the national gunboats stationed in the rear, the post

408 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

was surrendered, and tlie fort was occupied at 2 o'clock in the af-
ternoon.

The national troops, after disposing of the material and prison-
ers captured, re-embarked on the transports and sailed down the
Yazoo River to Young's Point, Louisiana, where they arrived on
the 23d of January. During the stay of the regiment in this
camp it suffered severely from sickness and death, losing over one
hundred men in the space of six weeks.

From the 1st of December, 1862, to the 6th of February, 1863,
the regiment was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel H. B. May-
nard. Colonel Cradlebaugh being absent in Washington City.
From the 6tli of February until March, 1863, it was commanded
by Lieutenant Colonel John A. Kelley. March 1, 1863, Colonel
Cradlebaugh returned, and took command.

March 8, 1863, the 114th moved to MilHken's Bend, Louisiana,
and went into camp, where it remained until the 5th of April. .

April 5, 1863, the national army, under General Grant, moved
against Vicksburg. The 114th was in the whole of this campaign,
and participated in the battle of Thompson's Hill, May 1, 1863 ;
Champion Hills, May 16,* 1863 ; Big Black Bridge, May 17th; and
the seige of Vicksburg. In the battle at Thompson's Hill it lost
several men killed and wounded in a charge made upon the ene-
my about 5 o'clock in the evening. The enemy was driven from
the field, and two pieces of artillery, with a number of prisoners,
were captured. The rebels were pursued until dark.

In the battle of Big Black Bridge, the regiment had a number
killed and wounded. Among the killed was Lieutenant Kennedy,
of Company C.

In the battle of Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, Colonel Cradlebaugh
was severely wounded in the mouth, and a number of men killed
and wounded.

May 22, 1863, Lieutenant Colonel Kelley again took command
of the regiment. Colonel Cradlebaugh's wound having disabled
him from duty.

On the 25th the regime;it was ordered to Warrenton (ten miles
below Vicksburg), to garrison that post. This duty was quite
severe, consisting of strict guard and fatigue duty. On the 14tli
of July the regiment was ordered back to Vicksburg, where it re-
mained in camp until the 13th of August. It was then sent to
Corralton, six miles above New Orleans. September 6th it moved

IN THE REBELLION. 409

by rail to Brashear City, or Berwick Bay, and remained there np
to October 3d. It then marched by way of Franklin, New Iberia,
and Vermillionville, to Opelouses, Louisiana, a distance of about
two hundred miles from ISTew Orleans. Remaining at Opelouses
but a few days, the regiment marched back to New Orleans, where
it arrived November 22, 1863. This campaign was rather pleasant ;
the whole of it being made without the slightest trouble from the
enemy.

November 28, 1863, the regiment embarked at New Orleans, and
sailed for Texas. Landing at Pass Caballo, it went into camp at
Decrow's Point, December 3, 1863. It remained on this barren
sand coast until the 14th of January, 1864, and then moved to
Matagorda Island. Remaining at this place until April 18, 1864,
it was ordered to Alexandria, Louisiana, and arrived there April
26th.

General Banks' army was met at Alexandria, where it had fallen
back after its disastrous repulse. . While at Alexandria the regi-
ment was engaged in the affair at Graham's plantation, twelve
miles out on the road.

The national forces retreated from Alexandria, May 13th, and
arrived at Morganza, Louisiana, on the Mississippi River, May 22d.
The enemy was engaged, and defeated at Marksville and at Yellow
Bayou. This campaign was very severe — forced marches of ten
days duration tbrough the stifling heat and dust, and being continu-
ally harassed by the enemy, on both flank and rear, made it almost
unendurable. As the Mississippi appeared in view, the weary host
sent up a glad shout at the certainty that their troubles and fatigues
had for a time ended.

Colonel Cradlebaugh did not take command of the regiment
after having been wounded, but resigned October 20, 1863. Lieu-
tenant Colonel John H. Kelley, was promoted and commissioned
colonel to rank, from October 20, 1863, but was not mustered ; the
regiment being reduced below the minimum.

While the 114th lay at Morganza, it was concerned in several
raids, scouts and skirmishes, but did not jneet with any severe en-
gagements. On November 21, 1864, the regiment was ordered to
the mouth of White River, Arkansas, arriving there November
26th. While at this point, the 120tli Ohio was consolidated with
the 114th by which the following named officers were rendered sup-
ernumery, and were honorably mustered out of service : Captains,

410 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

James Duffy, William H. Sliultz, John C. Hays and John Brandt ;
First Lieutenants, M. B. RadclifF, A. B. Messmore, Benjamin S.
Shirely, James M. Davis and Alexander S. Thompson ; Adjutant
Lewis M. Earnest, and Surgeon O. E. French.

On December 6, 1864, the regiment was ordered to Morganza,
Louisiana, where it arrived on the 8th, and went into camp the next
day. On the 13th and 14th it was out on an expedition to the
Atchafalaya River, but did not find the enemy.

January 8th, 1865, the regiment moved to Kenna, Louisiana,
where it remained until the 24th, and was then ordered to Barrai-
cas, Florida. It remained at this camp up to May, 1865, when the
war having virtually ended, it was sent with otlier forces to Texas.
In July it was ordered to Columbus, Ohio, to be paid oft" and mus-
tered out.

During its term of service, the 114th marched by land and water
over ten thousand miles, performing duty in ten difterent states,
and was engaged in eight hard fought battles and many skirmishes.
It was successful in all except the aftair at Chickasaw Bayou. It
lost in killed and wounded, six officers and eighty men. The loss
by disease was very great the first year, about two hundred men
having died, and quite a number discharged for disability.

The latter part of the service of the regiment was singularly free
from casualties. For nineteen months no regimental burying oc-
curred, an almost miraculous exception.

COMPANY C.

The following original members enlisted in 1862 :

James W. Cleavelandj captain, enlisted August 9.
John C. Hays, 1st lieutenant.
Joseph Knight, 2d lieutenant.
James A. McClean, sergeant, enlisted August 9.
Reuben T. Kennedy, 1st sergeant, enlisted August 22.
James S. Robinson, 2d sergeant, enlisted August 10,
Richard Hucheson, sergeant, enlisted August 13.
James Eskridze, sergeant, enlisted August 22.
John A. Paul, corporal, enlisted August 19.
James A. Davis, corporal, enlisted August 15.
Nathaniel Tway, corporal, enlisted August 13,
Henry Curren, corporal, enlisted August 22,

m fHE REBELLION. 411

James Ragan, corporal, enlisted August 22,
Robert N. Stuckey, corporal, enlisted August 9.
Henry L. Robinson, corporal, enlisted August 20.
Allen T. Doran, corporal, enlisted August 20.
Miah H. Parvin, musician, August 9,
Joseph C. Cripps, private, enlisted August 11.
Charles Abbott, private, enlisted August 22.
John Bay, private, enlisted August 18.
William Bay, private, enlisted August 22.
Rees Binigar, private, enlisted August 22.
Henry Bolen, private, enlisted August 10.
Andrew Braden, private, enlisted August 21.
William Butler, private, enlisted August 18.
Orin Chesley, private, enlisted August 13.
Joseph A. Crosby, private, enlisted August 22.
Abner Davis, private, enlisted August 22.
Paul Dummond, private, enlisted August 15.
Zebulon Rarll, private, enlisted August 22.
William Evans, private, enlisted August 22.
John Eckle, private, enlisted August 18.
Thomas Fleming, private, enlisted August 12.
John Flynn, private, enlisted August 19.
Allen T. Gainer, private, enlisted August 15.
Owen Genery, private, enlisted August 12.
William C. Goldsberry, private, enlisted August 11.
Levi G. Grubbs, private, enlisted August 9.
Simon C. Groves, private, enlisted August 21,
Randolph Hammond, private, enlisted August 12.
James Hanna, private, enlisted August 22.
Elijah Hill, private, enlisted August 20.
Peter Ikes, private, enlisted August 22.
John W. Jenkins, private, enlisted August 22.
James M. Jones, private, enlisted August 12.
John Judy, private, enlisted August 22.
John Levee, private, enlisted August 15.
James C. Long, private, enlisted August 18.
Bartholomew Long, private, enlisted August 10.
Oliver Long, private, enlisted August 10.
Arthur Latham, private, enlisted August 10.
Horace E. Lydy, private, enlisted August 22.
Smith David Loudin, private, enlisted August 11.
Isaac Miller, private, enlisted August 22.
John Milvin, private, enlisted August 10.

412 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

B. H. Millikan, private, enlisted August 20.
Jesse Morgan, private, enlisted August 15.
John E. Morris, private, enlisted August 19.
Michael Mungold. private, enlisted August 22.
John 0. Ott, private, enlisted August 9.
Allen Robinson^ private, enlisted August 10,
Joseph Ryan, private, enlisted August 22.
Andrew Saxton, private, enlisted August 22.
William Saxton, private, enlisted August 12.
James H. Smith, private, enlisted August 20.
John L. Still, private, enlisted August 22.
Jacob Stuckey, private, enlisted August 18.
Henry Stroble, private, enlisted August 22.
James Thompson, private, enlisted August 22.
Jacob Tracy, private, enlisted August 22.
William H. Thompson, private, enlisted August 16.
Allen Tway, private, enlisted August 15.
Jacob H. Tobias, private, enlisted August 9.
Charles Vanpelt, private, enlisted August 18.
William Waters, private, enlisted August 16.
John W. West, private, enlisted August 22.
Leonidas White, private, enlisted August 10.
John W. Woodland, private, enlisted August 14.
George W. Woodland, private, enlisted August 14
Henry Young, private, enlisted August 21.
Joseph Young, private, enlisted August 22.
William Zimmerman, private, enlisted August 15.
Samuel Zimmerman, private, enlisted August 15.

COMPANY D.

The following original members enlisted in 1862

Scott Harrison, captain, enlisted August 11.
Andrew V. Orr, sergeant, enlisted August 22.
Lemuel Dyer, sergeant, enlisted August 21.
William H. Crow, sergeant, enlisted August 13.
Bryant Jackson, sergeant.

Aurcelius B. Messmore, sergeant, enlisted August 21.
Allison M. Wear, sergeant, enlisted August 12.
John J. Harrison, corporal, enlisted August 13.
Ananias Cockerell, corporal, enlisted August 13.
John McMecken, corporal, enlisted August 22.

IN THE REBELLION. 413

Jackson Bryant, corporal, enlisted August 22.
Ellison Dewitt, corporal, enlisted August 15.
Alfred Drew, corporal, enlisted August 20.
John Alkere, corporal, enlisted August 15.
John Hartman, corporal, enlisted August 13.
Valentine Sharp, wagoner, enlisted August 21.
Robert V. Anderson, private, enlisted August 15.
Thomas Allows, private, enlisted August 19.
Peter Adams, private, enlisted August 14.
Isaac T. Alfree, private, enlisted August 11.
John Barker, private, enlisted August 12.
Joseph M. Beattey, private, enlisted August 12.
William Blizzard, private, enlisted August 12.
Brantney Bryant, private, enlisted August 15.
Edward W. Bailey, private, enlisted August 22.
Joseph H. Clarridge, private, enlisted August 27.
Robert Clark, private, enlisted August 20.
Thomas Cockerell, private, enlisted August 12.
Silas Cumpton, private, enlisted August 12.
John Callihan, private, enlisted August 21.
John P. A. Dickey, private, enlisted August 13.
William Devore, private, enlisted August 15.
Felix Devore, private, enlisted August 20.
Eli Derum, private, enlisted August 22.
Henry Draes, private, enlisted August 15.
Joseph Daugherty, private, enlisted August 19.
Ellison Dewitt, private.
Samuel Davis, private, enlisted August 19.
Joseph J. G. Doster, private, enlisted August 21.
Henry Davis, private, enlisted August 19.
Harvy Evans, private, enlisted August 15.
Samuel Eyman, private, enlisted August 21.
George Ellwood, private, enlisted August 16.
Samuel Felty, private, enlisted August 14.
Thornton Feagins, private, enlisted August 21.
John J. Forshee, private, enlisted August 21.
James Forshee, private enlisted August 15.
Robert J. Forshee, private^ enlisted August 15.
John Fridley, private, enlisted August 21.
Joseph Flemming, private, enlisted August 20.
James R. Grover, private, enlisted August 21.
Timothy Graner, private, enlisted August 20.
David Gilenwaters, private, enlisted August 20.

414 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

George Grim, private, enlisted August 21.
John Hartman, private.
Allen Heagler, captain.

Thomas H. Howard, private, enlisted August 20.
Timothy Hallihan, private, enlisted August 20.
Thomas B. Hartshorn, private, enlisted August 20.
Emanuel Hardin private, enlisted August 21.
William S. Hopkins, private, enlisted August 22.
Orange S. Hopkins, private, enlisted August 21.
Albert Jolly, private, enlisted August 22.
John Jones, private, enlisted August 18.
J. S. Lanum, private, enlisted August 22.
Noble P. Mouser, private, enlisted August 12.
Charles A. Miller, private, enlisted August 21.
I. M. Miller, private, enlisted August 21.
Allen G. Mayo, private, enlisted August 21.
Valentine F. Mayo, private, enlisted August 12.
William Miller, private, enlisted August 21.
Benjamin F. Pieart, private, enlisted August 12.
Joseph Paine, private, enlisted August 21.
James Paine, private, enlisted August 21.
William Reynolds, private, enlisted August 19.
William Ramey, private, enlisted August 21.
Lemuel Struts, private, enlisted August 13.
Joseph Sites, private, enlisted August 21.
Emanuel Sites, private, enlisted August 21.
Benjamin E, Sheppard, private, enlisted August 19.
Edward F. Sorrell, private, enlisted August 21.
George Struts, private, enlisted August 21.
Solomon Syford, private, enlisted August 21.
John Toops, private, enlisted August 13.
William Toops, private, enlisted August 21.
Fletcher Toops, private, enlisted August 13.
Robert Vance, private, enlisted August 15.
John C. Wood, private, enlisted August 15.
John Wileman, private, enlisted August 13.

IN THE REBELLION. 415

TWENTIETH REGIMENT 0. V. L

COMPANY C.
The following original members enlisted in 1861 :

James M. McCoy, captain, enlisted September 8.
Zachariah S. Adkins, first lieutenant, enlisted August 31.
Conrad Graris, second lieutenant, enlisted September 8.
Robert I. Irwin, first sergeant, enlisted September 8.
Pressley McCaflFerty, sergeant, enlisted August 31.
Henry W. Stitt, sergeant, enlisted September 8.
George M. Ustick, sergeant, enlisted September 8.
Thomas L. Hawley, corporal, enlisted September 8.
George A. Short, corporal, enlisted September 8.
Peter Garis, corporal, enlisted September 8.
Leander W. Reed, corporal, enlisted September 8.
Samuel Ott, musician, enlisted September 8.
Sanford M. Thomas, musician, enlisted September 8.
John K. Barnett, private, enlisted September 8.
Winfield S. Ball, private, enlisted September 8.
Isaac T. Ball, private, enlisted September 8.
Guy L. Ball, private, enlisted September 8.
William R. Bryant, private, enlisted September 8.
Thomas I. Carle, private, enlisted September 8.
Henry Casey, private, enlisted September 8.
John H. Ceslar, private, enlisted September 8.
Charles T. Carter, private, enlisted September 8.
James Crabb, private, enlisted September 8.
Samuel Darby, private, enlisted September 8.
William A. Darby, private, enlisted September 8.
Isaac Dyer, private, enlisted September 8.
Abraham Friend, private, enlisted September 8.
John W. Friend, private, enlisted September 8.
Henry Garis, private, enlisted September 8.
Benjamin Gear, private, enlisted September 8.
Charles C. Hammond, private, enlisted September 8.
William T. Highland, private, enlisted September 8.
Albert S. Jones, private, enlisted September 8.
James W. King, private, enlisted September 8.
Andrew I. Kelly, private, enlisted September 8.

416 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

Henry Kelly, private, enlisted September 8.
Robert D. Lane, private, enlisted September 8.
Robert LaflF, private, enlisted September 8.
"David I Laff, private, enlisted September 8.
James Mitchell, private, enlisted September 8.
William Miller, private, enlisted September 8.
John A. Marion, private, enlisted September 8.
John Mitchell, private, enlisted September 8.
William Murphy, private, enlisted August 31.
John R. Norvill, private, enlisted September 8.
Patrick Nugent, private, enlisted August 31.
George W. Onten, private, enlisted August 31.
Enoch C. Paugh, private, enlisted September 8.
John Patterson, private, enlisted September 8.
Strawder Roseboom, private, enlisted September 8.
Arthur B. Strome private, enlisted September 8.
Howard A. Stitt, private, enlisted September 8.
James F. Sheets, private, enlisted September 8.
John Stitt, private, enlisted September 8.
William P. Stitt, private, enlisted September 8.
John A. Shackelford, private, enlisted September 8.
William A. Stewart, private, enlisted September 8.
William Strope, private, enlisted September 8.
King B. Stockman, private, enlisted September 8.
Perry Stothard, private, enlisted September 8.
James R. Stewart, private, enlisted September 8.
Thomas D. Thatcher, private, enlisted September 8.
Benjamin F. Tuttle, private, enlisted September 8.
Hiram H. Varner, private, enlisted September 8.
Pearly B. Varner, private, enlisted September 8.
Alexander Webb, private, enlisted September 8.
Lineas A. McClure, private, enlisted September 8.

TWENTY^SECOND OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY

COMPANY F.

The following original members enlisted April 20, 1861 :

John M. Bell, captain.

Charles A. White, 1st lieutenant.

IN THE REBELLION. 417

Jerry Hauser, 2d lieutenant.
Stephen B. Yeoman, 1st sergeant.
Edward D. May, 2d sergeant.
James Squires, 3d sergeant.
John S. Wells, 4th sergeant.
John C. Allen, corporal.
David Hopkins, corporal.
Frank C. Aukney, corporal.
Joseph McLellan, corporal.
Uriah Parvin, drummer.
George Ross, fifer.
William C. Allen, private.
Charles C. Blakemore, private.
Francis L. Blakemol-e, private.
Levi Brakefield, private.
Jacob Beales, private.
Ezra 0. Brown, private.
Samuel Bryant, private.
Martin P. Bush, private.
David N. Bush, private.
Milan Burke, private.
George W. Clark, private.
William H. Cathin, private.
John Crone, private.
John C. Degroot, private.
Simon Devore, private.
Cornelius Dyer, private.
Alfred Dyer, private.
Harrison Doster, private.
William Eastman, private.
James W. Ellis, private.
Sterling East, private.
John Foby, private.
Sanford FuUerton, private.
B. W. Ganzel, private.
Peter Garris, private.
Robert Hardwick, private.
Christian Hass, private.
John M. Hedrick, private.
Harrison J. Hurless, private.
William Hatfield, private.
Mike Herbert, private.
Charles W. Hire, private,

418 HISTORY t)F FAYETTE COUNTY.

George V. Isenhutt, private.

David Jones, private.

Newton Kimble, private.

Hugh C. Larrimer, private.

Ezra J. Latham, private.

Thomas McGee, private.

Josiah McCoy, private.

William McLellen, private.

William Miller, private.

William W. Merrill, private.

Edmond Millikan, private

Jonathan D. Marshall, private.

Thomas J. Mooney, private. .

Garrett NeflF, private. ^ *

George W. Patton, private.

Spencer Pharris, private.

Granville S. Phimley, private.

COMPANY T.

The following original members enlisted in 1861

William Priddy, private, enlisted April 20.-
J. W. Richarson, private, enlisted April 20.
Leander W. Reed, private, enlisted April 20.
John Reynolds, private, enlisted April 20.
Jacob Smith, private, enlisted April 20.
Joseph M. Sims, private, enlisted April 20.
John C. Shillik, private, enlisted April 20.
William Squires, private, enlisted April 20.
Albert Smith, private, enlisted April 20.
Luther W. Saxton, private, enlisted April 20.
John A. Sanders, private, enlisted April 20.
Freeman A. Stewart, private, enlisted April 20.
John F. Stitt, private, enlisted April 20.
James Wymer, private, enlisted April 20.
Clinton Wymer, private, enlisted April 20.
Joseph N. Wilson, private, enlisted April 20.
James P. Wiatt, private, enlisted April 20.
John Webb, private, enlisted April 20.
James E. Buckner, private, enlisted April 20.

IN THE REBELLION. 419

TWENTY-SEVENTH U. S. COLORED INFANTRY.

COMPANY B.

Dudley Gillis. Hezekiah Stewart.

John Boniey. Zeb. Kane.

FORTY-FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.

COMPANY K.

The following original members enlisted in 1861 :

John M. Bell, captain, enlisted September 3.

Benjamin F. Jacobs, 1st lieutenant, enlisted September 5.

John C. Allen, 2d lieutenant, enlisted September 5.

Abraham Crispier, 1st sergeant, September 7.

Joseph M. Sims, sergeant, enlisted October 5.

Joseph McLellan. sergeant, enlisted September 6.

James W. Ellis, sergeant, enlisted October 7.

Hazel C. Cramer^ sergeant, enlisted September 7.

William H. Carr, corporal, enlisted September 6.

Aaron S. Linn, corporal, enlisted September 11.

Lewis B. Hire, corporal, enlisted September 6.

James H. Hogue, corporal, enlisted September 6.

Joel A. Allen, corporal, enlisted September 6.

William W. Allen, corporal, enlisted September 6.

Alfred H. Jenkins, corporal, enlisted September 6.

James R. Creamer jv drummer, enlisted September 6.

Jacob Allen, private, enlisted September 6.

Elijah Allen, private, enlisted September 6.

David Allen, private, enlisted September 6.

Isaac Allen, private, enlisted September 6.

William C. Allen, private, enlisted September 6.

Adam W. Allen, private, enlisted September 6.

Alexander Baggs, private, enlisted October 14.

Samuel Bryant, private, enlisted September 5.

Jerome Black, private, enlisted September 7.

Levi Brakefield, private, enlisted September 6.

420 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

J. Brakefield, private, enlisted September 6.
John Crumrine, private, enlisted September 6.
John W. Carter, private, enlisted September 7.
Martin Carr, private, enlisted September G.
Richard M. Corbin, private, cnji.^ted October 5.
Thomas B. Douglass, private, enlisted September 20.
. William DiffendaiFer, private, enlisted October 6.
Silas F. Edgar, private, enlisted October 10.
Samuel Edwards, private, enlisted September 9.
Lewis W. Fent, private, enlisted September 11.
John T. Greenstead, private, enlisted September 6.
Elias J. Grrifl&th, private, enlisted September 11.
Charles Gorsuch, private, enlisted October 5.
Robert J. Hogue, private, enlisted September 5.
Jesse E Hogue, private, enlisted September 7.
J. W. Herrald, private, enlisted September 6.
Harrison J. Heviless, private, enlisted September 5.
John Hatfield, private, enlisted September 5.
Elijah Herrald, private, enlisted September 20.
Thomas Harper, private, enlisted September 23.
William C. Jenks," private, enlisted September 6.
Henry A. Jenkens, private, enlisted September 6.
John Kennedy, private, enlisted September 6.
Peter Keelen, private, enlisted September 19.
Mainyard C. Linn, private, enlisted September 6.
William H. Mills, private, enlisted September G.
James A. Mills, private, enlisted September 6.
Elijah Mills, private, enlisted September 6.
Josephus Millburne, private, enlisted September 7.
William A. McCartney, private, enlisted September 11.
William A. McGinnis, private, enlisted September 11.
Thomas Mooney, private, enlisted October 1.
Garrett V. NefF, private, enlisted September 5.
Edward Neff, private, enlisted September 5.
James G. Patton, private, enlisted September 11.
James Penner, private, enlisted September 11.
John Paiton, private, enlisted October 10.
Nicholas Robinson, private, enlisted September 7.
Henry Richardson, private, enlisted September 6.
Jesse Richardson, private, enlisted September 6.
William Sanderson, private, enlisted September 6.
Joseph R. Straley, private, enlisted September 6.
Thomas Sharp, private, enlisted September 6.

IN THE REBELLION. 421

Benjamin Soddars, private, enlisted September 6.
John Street, private, enlisted September 7.
Franklin D. Smith, private, enlisted October 3.
Titus Shearer, private, enlisted October 10.
Henry Taylor, private, enlisted September 6.
Abraham Tobin, private, enlisted September 7.
Cassle Thompson, private, enlisted September 11.
Trustin Thompson, private, enlisted September 13.
Woodbury Talifers, private, enlisted September 13.
William Thomas, private, enlisted October 9.
Henry West, private, enlisted September 6.
Samuel A. West, private, enlisted September 6.

FOKTY-FIFTH U. S. COLORED REGIMENT.

COMPANY D.

James L. Thornton, private.
Edward Kelley, private.
George W. Stewart, private.
William Bass, private.
Thompson Jones, private.
Solomon Brand, private.
Benjamin Gillis, private.
Isaiah Wright, private.
James H. Cain, private.
Charles E. Merritt, private.
Alexander Anderson, private,
Julius C. Simmons, private.
"Albert Bagby, private.
James Anderson, private.
George Anderson, private.

422 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

SIXTIETH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.

COMPANY C.

The following original members except where otherwise stated,
enlisted in 1861 :

George B. Gardner, captain, enlisted November 11.
Robert Stewart, 1st lieutenant, enlisted November 16.
Frank C. Ankeny, 2d lieutenant, enlisted December 2.
Samuel P. Trumpery, 1st sergeant, enlisted November 27.
Joseph N. Wilson, sergeant, enlisted November IG.
B. Logan Wilson, sergeant, enlisted November IG.
Newton Kimble, sergeant, enlisted November 18.
Samuel Ayers, sergeant, enlisted December 7.
James Dowden, corporal, enlisted December G.
Kobert Mackey, corporal, enlisted December 7.
Otho W. Bostwick, corporal, enlisted November 16.
Joseph B Blackmore, corporal, enlisted November 13,
Miles Morritt, corporal, enlisted November 16.
_ Otis B. Mesmore, corporal, enlisted November 16.
Benjamin F. Tanquery, corporal, enlisted November 18.
Eobert Giblin, corporal, enlisted November 22.
Ralph J. Stewart, fifer, enlisted January 1, 1862.
James C. Stewart, drummer, enlisted December 11.
Charles H. Ankeny, private, enlisted December 2.
Elirre Ahcher, private, enlisted February 25, 1862.
Henry Rabb, private, enlisted December 2.
James Rabb, private, enlisted November 16,
Thomas Bedford, private, enlisted December 2.
William C. Benson, private, enlisted November 19.
Porter Bereman, private, enlisted November 18.
James Blair, private, enlisted December 6.
Thomas Brannen, private, enlisted December 7.
James B. Bush, private, enlisted February 18, 1862.
Jasper N. Clark, private, enlisted December 9.
John S. Clark, private, enlisted December 9.
David M. Carridge, private, enlisted November 16.
Jonas Crawford, private, enlisted December 4.
William C. Corknell, private, enlisted December 9.
Samuel P. Dail, private, enlisted November 2b.

IN THE REBELLION. 423

James Davis, private, enlisted December 2.
Isaac Depoy, private, enlisted December 2.
Joseph Dixon, private, enlisted November 16.
William H Dodds, private, enlisted November 25.
Joseph Dougherty, private, enlisted November 16.
James H. Davis, private, enlisted November 20.
James W. Duffee, private, enlisted November 18.
George W. Duffee, private, enlisted December 12.
Andrew Dittemore, private, enlisted January 8, 1862.
Nicholas Eskew, private, enlisted November 26.
Isaac N. Fisher, private, enlisted December 9.
Michael Fisher, private, enlisted December 10.
Nathan J. Foley, private, enlisted November 27.
Benjamin F. Ford, private, enlisted November 16.
Zeblin Ford, private, enlisted November 16.
Henry E. Gano, private, enlisted December 14.
C. M. Goodlander, private, enlisted November 23.
Albert Gwin, private, enlisted December 11.
James Horney, private, enlisted November 19.
Arthur Latham, private, enlisted November 20.
Samuel Longanecker, private, enlisted November 19.
Daniel Leguire, private, enlisted December 4.
Adolphus Mallow, private, enlisted November 20.
John Mattock, private, enlisted November 30.
George Mess, private, enlisted December 11.
Hugh McNeal, private, enlisted November 19.
Nathan Miller, private, enlisted December 2.
Myers Mitchell, private, enlisted December 6.
Cornelius O'Quicall, private, enlisted December 10.
Brent Ott, private^ enlisted December 10.
Nespasion Phebious, private, enlisted December 6.
Alexander Price, private, enlisted December 13.
Marcellas Racohs, private, enlisted December 7.
George J. Rodgers, private, enlisted December 5.
John G. Scott, private, enlisted November 19.
Francis M. Selsor, private, enlisted November 29.
Abel Seymour, private, enlisted November 23.
David Shaw, private, enlisted November 16.
John W. Shepp, private, enlisted November 16.
James N. Shoop, private, enlisted November 14.
Edward Smith, private, enlisted December 10,
Samuel M, Smith, private, enlisted December 27.
James H. Stitsworth, private, enlisted December 5.

424 , HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

Ezra C. Taylor, private, enlisted November 21.
Thomas J. Wadsworth, private, enlisted December 9.
Jacob J. Wood, private, enlisted December 7.
William C. Wrigbt, private, enlisted February .16, 1862.
James S. Wrigbt, private, enlisted February 18, 1862.

COMPANY H.

Manfield Willard, captain, enlisted January 4, 1862.
James M. "Vance, 1st lieutenant, enlisted November 15, 1861.
Edmond S. Young, 2d lieutenant, enlisted January 7, 1862.
James W. Morris, sergeant, enlisted February 14, 1862.
Leander C. Hicks, sergeant, enlisted November 16, 1861.
Thomas Ranken, sergeant, enlisted December 16, 1861.
Edward Fowler, sergeant, enlisted January 16, 1862.
John J. Myers, sergeant, enlisted November 16, 1861.
Nathaniel Morris, corporal, enlisted December 5, 1861.
Benjamin F. Cook, corporal, enlisted December 9, 1861.
William McDaniel, corporal, enlisted January 16, 1862.
Joseph C. Homes, corporal, enlisted December 13, 1861.
Madison S. Kirk, corporal, enlisted February 14, 1862.
Ralph J. Freeman, corporal, enlisted January 11, 1862.
David C. Howell, corporal, enlisted November 22, 1861.
Henry B. Clemens, corporal, enlisted February 2, 1862.
Robert A. Robinson, drummer, enlisted February 21, 1862.
Henry H. Bailey, fifer, enlisted February 12, 1862.
Charles Stafford, wagoner, enlisted November 16, 1861.
Joseph W. Allen, private, enlisted December 7, 1861.
James Baker, private, enlisted January 7, 1862.
Henry Baker, private, enlisted January 7, 1862.
George Baney, private, enlisted December 14, 1861.
Roland B. Brener, private, enlisted February 12, 1862.
Charles S. Bryant, private, enlisted January 7, 1862.
William H. Catlin, private, enlisted November 16, 1861.
Greorge W. Church, private, enlisted February 10, 1862.
Joseph Church, private, enlisted February 10, 1862.
Alexander S. Cross, private, enlisted December 11, 1861.
Greorge Dewey, private, enlisted February 21, 1862.
Milton McN. Durham, private, enlisted December 9, 1861.
James Evans, private, enlisted February 1, 1862.
Patrick Flinn, private, enlisted December 4, 1861.
Edward Ford, private, enlisted January 27, 1862.
Samuel W. G-arrette, private, enlisted February 10, 1862.

IN THE REBELLION. " 425

Alfred E. Garrette, private, enlisted February 12, 18G2.
James H. C. Graham, private, enlisted November 1(5, 1801.
John Gray, private, enlisted January 1, 1862.
Isaac Hallam, private, enlisted February 13, 1862.
Emanuel Harden, private, enlisted December 14, 1861.
Batteal Harrison, private, enlisted November 16, 1861.
Francis M. Hicks, private, enlisted November 16, 1861.
Samuel A. Homes, private, enlisted December 4, 1861,
Enoch Hutchison, private, enlisted January 12, 1862.
John G. Jamison, private, enlisted January 9, 1862.
George W. Levick, private, enlisted January 16, 1862.
John Levick, private, enlisted January 16, 1862.
Lewis Levick, private, enlisted January 1, 1862.
Samuel Levick, private, enlisted November 2, 1861.
Benjamin Lingo, private, enlisted December 5, 1861.
Jesse Lister, private, enlisted November 29, 1861.
Samuel Maddux, private, enlisted December 11, 1861.
Isaac N. Marks, private, enlisted February 17, 1862.
Donald McDonald, private, enlisted December 24, 1861.
James McDonald, private, enlisted November 25, 1861.
George McMicken, private, enlisted January 15, 1862.
James M. Newland, private, enlisted January 17, 1862.
William C Newland, private, enlisted January 17, 1862.
James Orr, private, enlisted February 16, 1862.
James Q. Pearce, private, enlisted January 6, 1862.
Thomas Pepple, private, enlisted January 4, 1862.
William Pope, private, enlisted February 25, 1862.
Scott Powell, private, enlisted February 21, 1862.
Solomon Pryfogle, private^ enlisted February 21, 1862.
Daniel Radley, private, enlisted February 20, 1862.
John Roads, private, enlisted December 9, 1861.
Lewis Roads, private, enlisted January 9, 1862.
John N. Roads, private, enlisted January 16, 1862.
Daniel Ryan, private, enlisted December 2, 1862.
Samuel Septer, private, enlisted November 30, 1861.
George Smith, 2d, private, enlisted December 4, 1861.
James Smith, private, enlisted January 8, 1862.
Thomas M. Susler, private, enlisted February 12, 1862.
John M. Thompson, private, enlisted February 18, 1862.
George Treemon, private, enlisted November 21, 1861.
John Tucker, private, enlisted January 1, 1862.
James Vince, private, enlisted January 15, 1862.
Ripley Walor, private, enlisted January 14, 1862.

426

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Stephen F. Warden, private, enlisted February 5, 1862.
Robert White, private, enlisted February 4, 1862.
George W. Wiggarton, private, enlisted December 4, 1861.
Oliver Wilson, private, enlisted January 14, 1862.
George Zimmerman, private, enlisted January 19, 1862.

SEVENTY-THIRD OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.

E. W. Welsheimer,
John D. Stuckey,
Norman Hyer (deceased),
Henry Mark (deceased),
Simon Vanpelt,
Moses L. Rowe,
William Rowe,
Joseph Horseman,
Nelson Withgot (killed),
James Withgot,
H. C. Irions,
Joseph Byan,
Stramler Priddy,
William H. Orr,
Jasper Briggs (killed),
William Miller (deceased),
A. J. Dowell,
Andrew J. Borden,
George W. Borden,
William E. Borden,
Henry Ogbpurn,
John M. Elliott,
James M. Zimmerman,
Robert S. Eyre,

William H. Limes,

Harvey Limes,

Charles Aber (deceased),

Cyrus Ellis,

William Hudnell,

George Hudwell,

Thomas Wallace (deceased),

William Doster (deceased),

James Sanderson,

Anthony Ross,

Sylvester Sampson,

Jefferson McLellan (deceased),

Isaac Sperrey (killed),

George Greiner (killed).

Brown Greiner (killed).

Miller Furray (killed),

David Greiner,

Jacob Fethelin,

James P. Todhunter,

Jonathan Painter,

Newton Painter,

Samuel Sanderson,

Fletcher Vanpelt,

Robert Scott,

IN THE REBELLION. 427

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH O. V. I.

COMPANY G.
The followiug original members enlisted in 1862 :

Harrison Z. Adams, captain, enlisted August 13.

Abram L. Messmore, 1st lieutenant, enlisted August 13.

Julius C Bostwick, 2d lieutenant, enlisted August 13.

Joseph Parker, sergeant, enlisted August 13.

Abram Denison, sergeant, enlisted August 13.

John W. Ingram, sergeant, enlisted August 13.

Edward Grouse, sergeant, enlisted August 13.

David Mitchell, corporal, enlisted August 13.

Clark S. White, corporal, enlisted August 13.

Atlas W. Davis, corporal, enlisted August 13.

John W. Riggin, corporal, enlisted August 13.

John W. Beale, corporal, enlisted August 13.

John A. Smith, corporal, enlisted August 13.

0. W. Loof borough, corporal, enlisted August 13.

Josiah Timmons, corporal, enlisted August 13.

J. Smith Abernathy, private, enlisted August 13.

John Alkire, private, enlisted August 13.

William Bostwick, private, enlisted August 13.

Augustus Bozler, private, enlisted August 13.

James A. Baker, private, enlisted August 13.

John J. Bishop, private, enlisted August 13.

Samuel Buzich, private, enlisted August 13.

Alexander E. Bragg, private, enlisted August 13.

Herrick B. Bailey, private, enlisted August 13.

Andrew Burget, private, enlisled September 23.

Wiley Creath, private, enlisted August 13.

John M. Creath, private, enlisted August 13.

John I. Cook, private, enlisted August 13.

Jeremiah C. Choffin, private, enlisted September 22.

Thomas Clifton private, enlisted September 20.

Jonas Deyo, private, enlisted September 12.

Wilson S. Davis, private, enlisted August 13.

Edson Deyo, private, enlisted August 13.

William Defebough, private, enlisted August 13.

John W. Denison, private, enlisted August 13.

428 HiSTOftY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Grriffin Denison, private, enlisted August 13.

Winfield S. Dellinger, drummer, enlisted September 20.

Robert Ford, private^ enlisted August 13.

Joseph Ford, private, enlisted August 13.

Perry Grirard, private, enlidtcd Angusi 13.

Levi Griffin, private, enlisted August 13.

Henry Gillenwaters, private, enlisted August 13.

Samuel Hoover, private, enlisted August 13.

John N. Harness, private, enlisted August 13.

Thomas Hays, private, enlisted August 13.

William H. Hunt, private, enlisted August 13.

William R. Hauawolt, private, enlisted August 13.

Harry Hagans, private, enlisted August 13.

Alfred Joy, private, enlisted August 13.

Benjamin Keller, private, enlisted August 13.

John A. Lake, private, enlisted August 13.

Robert H. McLean, private, enlisted August 13.

John W. Miller, private, enlisted August 13.

Daniel Miller, private, enlisted August 13.

Andrew Miller, private, enlisted August 13.

Nehemiah Matlack, private, enlisted August 13,

Andrew Mitchell, private, enlisted August 13.

Anthony S. Morgan, private, enlisted August 13.

David Madden, private, enlisted August 13.

Otho W. Nigh, private, enlisted August 13.

Neorge M. Neff, private, enlisted August 13.
John O'Day, private, enlisted August 13.

Ephraim Parker, private, enlisted August 13.

Harrison Riggin, private, enlisted August 13.

Jeremiah J. Riggin, private, enlisted August 13.

James L. Riggin, private, enlisted August 13.

John W. Rodgers, private, enlisted August 13.

Elijah Roby, private, enlisted August 13.

Thornton Smith, private, enlisted August 13.

Merril Smith, private, enlisted August 13.

Thomas Smith, private, enlisted August 13.

William H. Smith, private, enlisted August 13

Harvey Strain, private, enlisted August 13.

John Southard, private, enlisted August 13.

Henry Strawbridge, private, enlisted August 13.

James J. Sheeder, private, enlisted August 13.

Sampson M. Stone, private, enlisted August 13.

Henry Shumlefel, private, enlisted August 13.

IN THE REBELLION. 429

Gibson Sawtell, private, enlisted August 13.
Levi Thomas, private, enlisted August 13.
William S. Tamadge, private, enlisted August 13.
Andrew A. Tolbert, private, enlisted August 13.
Isaac Timmons, private, enlisted August 13.
James A. Tamadge, private, enlisted August 13.
Alexander Tainer, private, enlisted August 13.
Creighton Thomas, private, enlisted August 13.
Samuel Thornten, private, enlisted August 13.
Francis A. Wickel, private, enlisted August 13.
Frederick Young, private, enlisted August 13.

OlSTE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SEVENTH O. V. I.

COMPANY G.

The following original members enlisted in 1863 :

George B. Cock, captain, enlisted September 22.
Charles Charles, corporal, enlisted June 17.
Manuel Brown, private, enlisted June 7.
Alonzo Day, private, enlisted June 14.
George Dudley, private, enlisted June 7.
John L. Rickman, private, enlisted June 7.
Nelson Spearse, private, enlisted June 7.
John W. Thompson, private, enlisted June 11.
Charles N. Upthegrove, private, enlisted June 7.
George Upthegrove, private, enlisted June 7.
Isaac Miskel, private, enlisted June 7.
Thomas Grimes, private, enlisted June 7.
David Quann, private, enlisted June 7.
James E. Dickerson, private, enlisted June 7.
Edward S. Wright, private, enlisted June 7.
William H. Quann, private, enlisted June 7.
Edward Ball, private, enlisted June 9.

430

HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

ONE HUNDRED AND, SIXTY-EIGHTH O. Y. I.

COMPANY D.

The following original members enlisted May 2, 1864 :

T. F. Parrett. captain,

J. F. Robinson, 2d lieutenant,

J. M. Creamer, sergeant,

N. B. Parrett, sergeant,

Rayburn Kirk, corporal,

Jacob Grooves, corporal,

L. E. Parrett, corporal,

Milton Miller, corporal.

Able Armstrong, private,

Henry Brothwait, private,

J, R. Brody, private,

J. S. Chindince, private,

M. C. Creamer, private,

C. A. Chany, private,

M. Coin, private,

J. W. Eddies, private,

J. B. Font, private,

A. W. Graham, private,

C. W. Godfrey, private,

Jonas Geer, private,

George Hynes, private,

Jacob Heavener, private,

Enoch Jeffries, private,

Harvey Kimball, private,

Robert Muckey, private,

J. S. Mills, private,

C. S. McMillan, private,

A. L. Reed, private,

John Reerdon, private,

Israel Rotruck, private,

William Smith, private,

Henry Shoemaker, private,

John Shoemaker, private,

J. F. Seaton, private,

F. B. Taylor, private.

A. H. James, 1st lieutenant,
J. Browning, sergeant,
Thomas McGee, sergeant,
Jesse Hayler, sergeant,
J. A. Parrett, sr., corporal,
Elijah Shoemaker, corporal,

E. Thornton, corporal,
J. M. Allen, corporal,
G. L. Bush, private,
Timothy Borgin, private,
George Chindince, private,
M. S. Creamer, private,
W. P. Chany, private,

J. W. Chany, private,
Wesley Cox, private,
G. W. Elliot, private,
Smith Gray, private,
W. S. Glaze, private,
O. G. W. Gordon, private,
J. C. Hays, private,
John Hamilton, private,
W. F. Howard, private,
D. R. Jacobs, private,
J. W. Miller, private,
George McDaniel, private,

F. A. Moreland, private,
J. A. Parrett, jr., private,
William Reed, private,
Alexander Rodger, private,
J. J. Rowel, private,
Austin Sanders, private,
Jasper Shoemaker, private,
John Sheley, private,
David Taylor, private,
Moses Thomas, private.

IN THE REBELLION.

431

Joseph Thompson, private,
John Ulmer, private,
G. W.. Weimer, private,
L. W. White, private,
L. P. Adkins, private,
Leander Smith, private,
William Stoughton, private.

George Taylor, private,
Jacob, Ulmer, private,
Daniel Weimer, private.
J. S. Whitcomb, private,
M. H. Wright, private,
W. W. Blandin, private,
R. A. Wallace, private,

COMPANY C.

The following original members enlisted May 1, 186-4:

William H. Hogue, captain,
John L. Barnes, 2d lieutenant,
Henry C. Winner, sergeant,
John M. Smith, sergeant,
Jackson Powell corporal,
Charles P. Smith, corporal,
William H. Steele, corporal,
Jacob Smith, corporal,
William Armstrout, private,
John J. Blair, private,
Wesley Bryan, private,
Thomas Coil, jr., private,
Thomas Coil, sr., private,
Jacob A. Coffee, private,
Jehu Doane, private,
Russell B. Dobbins, private,
Isaac Eslack, private,
Jacob Fannou, private,
Andrew 0. Ginkins, private,
Jacob M. Gray, private,
Allen Hartman, private,
James Hixon, private,
Harmon Jacks, private,
Harvey Jacks, private,
Henry C. Johnson, private,
Elam Kittle, private,
John Kellernan, private,
Thomas Lambert, private,
Jacob Mees, private,
Ichabod Meade, private,
Enoch Mann, private.

Samuel Ayres, 1st lieutenant,
Daniel L. Robey, sergeant,
William F, Hill, sergeant,
Thomas Riley, sergeant,
Hiram G. Duff, corporal,
Walter Bush, corporal,
Allen Latham, corporal,
Joseph Blaser, corporal,
Isaac W. Bennett, private,
Robert H. Blair, private,
John H. Boughn, private,
Isaac Constant, private,
James G. Coil, private,
George Devolt, private,
Harvey T. Duff, private,
George W. Elbe, private,
Andrew Fannon, private,
Bartholomew D, Fuel, private,
Daniel Glaze, private,
Joshua Haines, private,
John J. Horney, private,
Robert R. Henderson, private,
David H. Jacks, private,
Robert Johnson, private,
John Keller, private,
John Kittle, private,
Bela Latham, private,
Smith Lambert, private,
Alfred H. Mark, private,
John McDonah, private,
William Peggs, private,

432

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

John Perdom, private,
William H.Rupert, private,
Jeremiah Rice, private,
Robert C. Spurlock, private,
Isaac Shockey, private,
Wells B. Sellers, private,
Joseph Tobio, private,
Henry Tobiu, private,
James Willis, private,
Moses Wright, private,
John Zortman, private,
John W. Davis, private.
Madison Tobin, private.

George Rupert, private,
Robert Rice, private,
William A. Rankin, private,
William A. Smith, private,
Lewis S. Smith, private,
Isaac Teter, private,
Jacob Tobin, private,
Samuel Willis, private,
Harvey Williams, private,
David Yarger, private,
Samuel Bennett, private,
J. W. Stewart, private,

COMPA^^Y I.

Louis Painter, captain,
Cyrus Ellis, 2d lieutenant,
William P. Iron, sergeant,
Joseph Benham, sergeant,
S. W. Smith, corporal,
Calvin Ellis, corporal,
T. G. McElroy, corporal,
T. H. Dewees, corporal,
Samuel C. Adams, private,
William M. Breakfield, private,
Newton Cockerell, private,
William Coffee, private,
R. B. Doster, private,
Clayborn Doster, private,
William Doyle, private,
J. Q. Doster, private,
James Devour, private,
James Devour, private,
Silas Edwards, private,
D. H. Iladley, private,
Joseph A. Johnson, private,
N. A. Jones, private,
Davis Johnson, private,
Austin Jury, private,
G. W. Kinger, private,
John Lloyd, private,
Isaac Merchat, private,

William Orr, 1st lieutenant,
R. J. Yeoman, sergeant,
Edward Cockerell, sergeant,
J. N. "Vanpelt, sergeant,
M. K. Ellis, corporal,
John F. Zimmerman, corporal,
Milton Robbins, corporal,
William C. Eyre, corporal,
Ormstead Brady, private,
James E. Bryan, private,
Samuel Crooks, private,
James Cockerell, private,
Miller C. Doster, private,
Louis Doster, private,
Louis Dutton, private,
Henry Doster, private,
H. S. Doster, private,
James E. Ellis, private,
Robert M. Fernon, private,
A. J. Jones, private,
William Johnson, private,
Henry Johnson, private,
Isaac M. Johnson, private,
Allen Kelley, private,
H. B. Limes, private,
William H. Limes, private,
James M. Murry, private,

IN THE REBELLION,

433

Samuel McDonnell, private,
Nelson Post, private,
N. L. Phillips, private,
Watson D. Smith, private,
Josephus Smith, private,
Jabez Smith, private,
Aaron Todhuuter, private,
J. C. Templeton, private,
M. 1). Wells, private,
George N. Hampton, private,
Jonathan Jones, private^
Robert H. Blair, private,
John W. Mark, private,
Harmanus Davis, private,
Francis Nickerson, private,
Strawder Pridy, private,
H. Spumse, private,
J. J. Smith, private,
John Kinzer, private,
A. W. Johnson, private,
William H. Doyle, private.

Charles Painter^ private,
John A. Pine, private,
P. W. Smith, private,
Leauder Smith, private,
James Smith, private,
Samuel Sollars, private,
J. B. Templeton, private,
Joseph Wain,' private,
Bernard Walters, private,
James Kennady, private, "
William Brown, private,
Manassah Bonar, private,
William Chaffout, private,
Setol H. Scott Davis, private,
Hugh Pernell, private,
Levi Smith, private,
Charles Turner, private,
C. H. Johnson, private.
Wells B. Sollars, private,
James Holmes, private.

COMPANY F.

The following original members enlisted May 2, 1864:

Ephraim Henkle, captain,
Samuel Mark, 2d lieutenant,
Zebulon Smith, sergeant,
I. N. Mark, sergeant,
Hiram Wagoner, corporal,
Jacob Parrott, corporal,
Daniel Peterson, corporal,
Elisha Burnett, corporal,
John S. Bush, private,
Albert Bryan, private,
S. W. Henkle, private,
Milton Hire, private,
Jesse Peterson, private,
George Sever, private,
W. H, Shoop, private,
L. B. Arnold, private,

Abraham Goddard, 1st lieutenant,
Edward Cline, sergeant,
Charles Snook, sergeant,
Jefferson Moberly, sergeant,
H. B. Arnold, corporal,
D. C. Bush, corporal,
Andrew Cline, corporal,
Nathan B. Johnson, corporal,
H. L. Bush^ private,
Jesse Burnett, private,
C. W. Hire, private,
J. W. Mark, private,
Robert Parkison, private,
W. W. Shoop, private,
David Taper, private,
John Armstrong, private.

434

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Albert Andro, private,
M. P. Bush, private,
Adam Blazer, private,
P. E. Brown, private,
J. W. Credit, private,
Richard Draper, private,
Henry Faushier, private,
James Faushier, private,
Sampson Gordon, private,
Andrew Harrison, private,
Samuel Henderson, private.
Fielding Kurtis, private,

A. Thomas Lacy (D), private,
J. W. Milbern, private,
Henry Parkison, private,
George Enoch Paugh, private,

B. W. Ross, private,
George Smith, private,
James Sparger, private,
William Shelton, private,
John T. Taylor, private,
Daniel Tupes, private,
Jeremiah Wood, private,
Jacob Williams, private,
Anderson Hire, private,
J. W. Newlin, private,
William Upp, private,
Andrew Pummill, private,
Wesley Dye, private,

B. F. Bush, private,

E. H. Baughn, private,
G. W. Brown, private,
L. J. Bower, private,
Philip Carr, private, _
Milton Depoy, private,
Granville Freeman, private,
Richard Gordon, private,

C. W. Henkle, private,

G. W. Henderson, private,
David Honlin, private,
Abraham Kizer, private,
Peter Moore, private,
John Mason, private,
Henderson Paul, private,
Charles Patton, private,
Franklin Rowe, private,
John M. Smith, private,
William C. Schmidt, private,
John Tudor, private,
Robert Tudor, private,
Charles Williams, private,
Benjamin Webb, private,
Howard Williamson, private,
Austin Buf?h, private,
N. J. Upp, private,
C. W. Ault, private,
J. W. Pummill, private,
Henry H. Moon, private.

ONE HUNDEED AND SEVENTY-I'IFTH O. V. I.

COMPANY D.

The following original members enlisted in 1864 :

Wilson B. Logan, captain, enlisted September 13.
John W. Shepp, sergeant, enlisted August 20-
James H. C. Graham, sergeant, enlisted August 24.
Samuel A. Holmes, sergeant, enlisted August 24.

IN THE REBELLION. 435

Ezra C. Taylor, corporal, enlisted August 20.
Wesley Quigley, corporal, enlisted September 4.
David S. Morgan, corporal, enlisted August 10.
Joab Carr, corporal, enlisted August 6.
James C Stewart, musician, enlisted August 6.
Eli Bueman, musician, enlisted August (i.
George Logan, wagoner, enlisted September 9.
Nicholas Asken, private, enlisted September B.
Wesley Bybee, private, enlisted August 9.
James Blair, private, enlisted August 29.
Abraham Colan, private, enlisted August 10.
David Clark, private, enlisted September 2.
Samuel Hanson, private, enlisted August 31.
Lafayette Nutl, private, enlisted August 23.
Timothy Panevast, private, enlisted August 13.
Henry C. Shell, private, enlisted September 4.
Nathan Skoub, private, enlisted August 30.
Edward G. Sexton, private, enlisted August 10.
Othello Simmons, private, enlisted August 15.
William Underwood, private, enlisted September 2.

ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHTH 0. V. I.

COMPANY F.

The following original members enlisted in 1865 :

Jerome Sharrette, captain.
Frank M. Smith, 1st lieutenant.
Levi Smith, 2d lieutenant.
Thomas Ayres, private, enlisted February 21.
Israel Athey, private, enlisted February 22.
Michael Abyson, private, enlisted February 27.
Henry Adams, private, enlisted February 13.
George Brittenger, private, enlisted February 2.
John M. Barber, private, enlisted February 10.
George Bohsen, private, enlisted January 25.
James Butcher, private, enlisted February 9.
James Barker, private, enlisted February 14.
John Bonecutter, private, enlisted February 13.

436 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

John W. Cripps, private, enlisted January 31.
John W. Davis, private, enlisted January 16.
Scott U. Davis, private, enlisted B^ebruary 25.
David M. Doggott, private, enlisted Febrniry 8.
Joseph N. Goodsou, private, cnlislcd February 7.
William Hamer, private, enlisted January 21.
John Holcomb, private, enlisted February 6'.
Wesley D. Holcomb^ private, enlisted January 16.
Allen Highland, private, enlisted January 20.
John Harman, private, enlisted February 18.
William Johnson, private, enlisted January 23.
Henry P. Johnson, private, enlisted January 8.
John M. Jury, private, enlisted -January 6.
George W.'King, private, enlisted January 28.
Joseph Luddy, private, enlisted January 10.
Joseph Leverton, private, enlisted February 10.
William N. Mitcheni, private, enlisted February 6.
Reese M. Moon, private, enlisted February 8.
George Neverzall, private, enlisted January 21.
Jacob Persinger, private, enlisted February 7.
Jacob Propst, private, enlisted February 9.
John N. Parks, private, enlisted February 13.
James F. Propst, private, enlisted January 19.
George I. Rodgers, private, enlisted February 6.
Jackson Stafford, private, enlisted January 30.
James Spurlock, private, enlisted February 4.
James W. Smith, private, enlisted January 23.
Joseph Tusinger, private, enlisted January 10.
John Thomas, private, enlisted January 31.
Vernon Williams, private, enlisted January 20.
Marcellus Wood, private, enlisted February 8.
George Waggy, private, enlisted January 28.
Jacob Williams, private, enlisted February 6.

TWELFTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY.

Aaron C. Johnson, captain, enlisted April 4, 1861.
Alphonso E. Gregory, first lieutenant^ enlisted June 8, 1861.
Darious Dirham, first lieutenant, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Archibald McClellan, first lieutenant, enlisted June 4, 1861.

IN THE REBELLION. 437

"William B. Fleming, first lieutenant, enlisted June 8, ISfil.

A. P. Fairbanks, first lieutenant, enlisted June 8, 1861.

John B. Ward, first lieutenant, enlisted June 8, 1861.

William W. Earning, first lieutenant, enlisted June 8, 1861. .

Myron Webber, first lieutenant, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Anderson Blue, second lieutenant, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Calvin A. Day, second lieutenant, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Henry 0. Kilburn, second lieutenant, enlisted August 11, 1862.

Leander H. Rich, sergeant, enlisted August 14, 1862.

Robert McElroy, sergeant, enlisted August 12, 1862.

Albert N. Bradley, sergeant, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Frank Bissel, sergeant, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Theodore Brown, sergeant, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Cicero H. Boden, sergeant, enlisted June 8, 1861.

William H. Bunyan, sergeant, enlisted March 10, 1864.

Janies L.. Clark, sergeant, enlisted. June 8, 1861.

William H. Brown, corporal, enlisted June 8. 1861.

Abram Carney, corporal, enlisted August 11, 1862.

William D. Banks, corporal, enlisted June 8, 1861.

John M. Knapp, corporal, enlisted October 2, 1863.

Lyman May, corporal, enlisted June 8, 1861.

James M. Pulver, corporal, enlisted June 8, ,1861.

Nathaniel C Osborn, corporal, enlisted June S, 1861.

Milbey M. Parker, corporal, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Jacob'H. Moon, corporal, enlisted June 8, 1861.

John Dow, corporal, enlisted March 2, 1864.

Franklin Darriels, corporal, enlisted January 26, 1864.

Levi L. Merrifield, bugler, enlisted September 3, 1864.

Charles Curley, artificer, enlisted October 4^ 1862.

George S. Moore, artificer, enlisted August 18, 1862.

Charles Adams, private, enlisted February 27, 1864.

Clark Auble, private, enlisted August 11, 1862.

Bennett Barton, private, enlisted December 22, 1863.

Enoch Bolen, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

William I. Brown, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

William W. Banning, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Charles F. Belding, private, enlisted February 27, 1864.

Henry B. Belding, private, enlisted February 19, 1864.

Jay W. Belding, private, enlisted February 19, 1864.

Frank Beardsley, private, enlisted February 26, 1S64.

William Bowles, private, enlisted February 26, 1864.

David A. Banks, private, enlisted February 20. 1864.

Lemuel P. Brisack, private, enlisted August 12, 1862.

438 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Warren Bradley, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
Ramson Barrett, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
John Bigelow, private, enlisted September 6, 1864.
Sanford W. Belding, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
Ashley A. Barrett, private, enlisted September 6, 1864.
Franklin Buttler, private, enlisted January 4, 1865.
George W. Bracy, private, enlisted December 22, 1863.
William Culbertson, private, enlisted February 3, 1864.
John W. Chorus, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
Reuben Coats, private, enlisted February 24, 1864.
Horace Cookingham, private, enlisted February 26, 1864.
Jonathan Clarkston, private, enlisted February 16, 1864.
James A. Coe, private, enlisted January 2, 1864.
Scott W. Currey, private, enlisted August 11, 1862.
Peter Clemmons, private, enlisted August 13, 1862.
Philip T. Coleman, private, enlisted October 12, 1863.
John W. Chapman, private, enlisted September 1, 1862.
George Crabtree, private, enlisted October 6, 1861.
George W. Davis, private, enlisted November 5, 1863.
Francis Daniels, private, enlisted January 20, 1864.
James R. Don, private, enlisted March 21, 1864.
Asa Davis, private, enlisted February 26, 1864,
George W. Dimick, private, enlisted October 8, 1862.
John Earl, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
James Ells, private, enlisted February 26, 1864.
Charles W. Fleming, private, enlisted January 21, 1864.
Robert F. Fulton, private.

Samuel Ferris, private, enlisted September 4, 1864.
Cyrenus Gates, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
Charles H. Gregory, private, enlisted August 29, 1864,
Alphonso E. Gregory, private, enlisted August 29, 1864.
Russel Godfrey, private, enlisted August 29, 1864.
Samuel Guise, private, enlisted February 23, 1864.
Thomas Godfrey, private, enlisted October 28, 1861,
Joshua Hartman, private, enlisted June 8, 1861,
Benjamin Harrison, private, enlisted June 8, 1861,
Luther Hill, private, enlisted June 8, 1861,
Jacob Harmon, private, enlisted March 21, 1864,
William C. Hamilton, private, enlisted March 21, 1864,
Horace H. Heath, private, enlisted March 21, 1864.
Leonard Howell, private, enlisted September 6, 1864.
Caleb M. Heald, private, enlisted January 4, 1864.
Charles E. Irme, private, enlisted September 2, 1864.

IN THE REBELLION. 439

Theodore Keller, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
Homer King, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
Hiram M. King, private, enlisted September, 3, 1864.
Sylvester Lynn, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
Arthur Lang, private, enlisted September 6, 1864.
Frank B. Lockwood, private, enlisted September 23, 18b4.
James E. London, private, enlisted February 17, 1864.
Alfred Lyons, private, enlisted October 22, 1863.
William H. Luce, private, enlisted March 23, 1864
William Loder, private, enlisted October 14, 1863.
Clement Levally, private, enlisted August 14, 1862.
John Mitchell, private, enlisted February 16, 1864.
James Mitchell, private, enlisted February 16, 1864.
Stephen Merritt, private, enlisted February 17, 1864.
George Merritt, private, enlisted February 15, 1864.
George M. McAfee, private, enlisted March 29, 1864.
Patrick McGuff, private, enlisted October 23, 1863.
Jonathan F. Mead, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
Smith A. Marion, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
Charles Nail, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Henry Nunn, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Charles A. Newman, private, enlisted August 12, 1862.
Henry Palmer, private, enlisted, February 17, 1864.
George W. Potter, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
Darwin W. Perkins, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
Norman C. Potter, private, enlisted September 6, 1864.
Theodore C. Potter, private, enlisted September 6, 1864.
Howard Packard, private, enlisted September 6, 1864.
Milton S. Pollock, private, enlisted November 16, 1864.
Albert Pratt, private.

George Rhue, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
William Ilichardson, private, enlisted February 26, 1864.
Floyd Rossetter, private, enlisted August 31, 1863.
Calvin Starbird, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
David Stevenson, private, enlisted February 16, 1864.
Frank Stephens, private, enlisted August 13, 1862.
Wayne Scoby, private, enlisted August 12, 1862.
Augustus Snath, private, enlisted February 24, 1864.
Miles Spalding, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
James Tompkins, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
James Turner, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
Alexander Twaddle, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
James Thorn, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.

440 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Reuben Thorn, private, enlisted August 29, 1864.

William M. Townsend, private, enlisted June 8, 1864.

Michael Thumm, private, enlisted June 8, 1864.

John R. Townsend, private, enlisted March 16, 1864.

Robert L. Townsend, private, enlisted March 12, 1864.

Benjamin Vanatoo, private, enlisted February 26, 1864.

Garrett Van Vrankin, private, enlisted September 6, 1864.

John W. Weekley, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Jacob 0. Wilt, private, enlisted June 8, 1861,

Hugh White, private, enlisted December 22, 1863.

Solomon Whitsel, private, enlisted August 13, 1862.

Benjamin H. Wilson, private,, enlisted November 1, 1862.

George Walker, private, enlisted August 12, 1862.

Benjamin F. Watros, private, enlisted August 11, 1862.

James B. Weddell, private, enlisted February 18, 1864.

Charles Latham, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Charles Roctier, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Warren Cullin, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Isaac Cole, private, enlisted January 27, 1864.

Newton Grary, private, enlisted February 11, 1864.

Herbert Kilbert, private, enlisted November 16, 1863.

Herbert I. Kidney, private, enlisted October 21, 1863.

Charles Jasson, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Nicholas H. Lickliter, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Calvin Langyear, private, enlisted October 25, 1863.

John Tripell, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Charles T. Wright, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Hiram Ward, sergeant, enlisted June 8, 1861.

William McGee, sergeant, enlisted June 18, 1861.

Flavins J. Heller, sergeant, enlisted June 8, 1861.

George W. Crawford, quartermaster sergeant, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Clark 0. Childs, corporal, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Daniel 8. Coe, corporal, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Samuel Keifer, corporal, enlisted June 8, 1861.

George W. Armstrong, corporal, enlisted September 8, 1861.

Silas J. Davis, corporal, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Benjamin S. Mallory, corporal, enlisted June 8, 1861.

George Kester. artificer, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Charles Alvine, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Ezekiel Anderson, private, enlisted July 19, 1861.

James Arnold, private, enlisted November 24,4861.

John M. Bellman, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

Otho W. Byroads, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

IN THE REBELLION. 441

Newton A. Briggs, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Joseph M. Begley, private, enlisted April 3, 18G2.
John Crawford, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Joseph Carroll, private, enlisted July 27, 1861.
Samuel Call, private, enlisted February 26, 1861.
William W. Carter, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
R. W. Comsion, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
W. G. Consigns, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
George H. Clock, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Edward C. Culp, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
David Costell, private, enlisted June 20, 1861.
Nathaniel Davis, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
William Duff, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
George Dunks, private, enlisted June 17, 1861.
Joseph Elston, private, enlisted June 17, 1861.
Lewis Fernan, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
William T. Fisher, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Samuel Froutz, private, enlisted October 1, 1861.
George Ginter, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Daniel P. Green, private, enlisted February 2, 1864.
Frederick Hanick, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
David Haughtlin, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Edward Hubble, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
William Jones, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Benjamin Jones, private, enlisted .June 8, 1861.
John E. Jamison, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Simeon L. Kahn, private, enlisted July 26, 1861.
William H. Latta, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
John W. Lydy, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Frank B. Lockwood, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
George Logan, private, enlisted, June 8, 1861.
Lewis M. Lewis, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Benjamin Martin, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
John A. Moore, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
James Nesbitt, private, enlisted, June 8, 1861.
Daniel Norfolk, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Abner Phelps, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Albert Parsons, private, enlisted May 19, 1861.
William H. Parmer, private, enlisted September 26, 1861,
Emanuel Kibbett, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
George Russell, private, enlisted October 8, 1862.
George Richard, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
William Rawlings, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

442 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

George Rumsey, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Thomas Roberts, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Jeremiah Snyder, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
John M. Sparks, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Jesse D. Sharrett, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
John H. Sharrett, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
William J. Straley, private, enlisted June 8^ 1861.
Frederick Schnauffer, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Henry Stedwell, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Patrick Sullivan, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Asa Taylor, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
William Under, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Levi D. Vincent, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
John Vaughn, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Jonathan Ward, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
John B. Wells, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
William H. White, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.
Byron Welch, private, enlisted November 25, 1861.
Samuel Sutter, private, enlisted June 8, 1861.

FIRST REGIMENT 0HI(3 HEAVY ARTILLERY.

COMPANY A.

The following original members, except where otherwise speci-
fied, enlisted in 1863:^

William S. Irwin, captain, enlisted July 20.
William A. Caley, sergeant, enlisted June 22.
Charles Harrison, sergeant, enlisted June 20.
William C. Fener, sergeant, enlisted July 2.
George Gebler, sergeant, enlisted June 22.
Elijah WormstaflF, sergeant, enlisted June 19.
William A. Irwin, corporal, enlisted June 12.
William H. Garver, corporal, enlisted June 20.
John A. Martin, corporal, enlisted July 4.
Ralphus Treman, corporal, enlisted June 9.
Andrew Boatright, corporal, enlisted July 4.
Joseph W. Allen, corporal, enlisted June 26.
William W. McLain, musician, enlisted June 13.
Simeon Bond, private, enlisted June 23.

IN THE REBELLION. 443

William L. Cosby, private, enlisted Juue 18.
Nicholas Casper, private, enlisted February 11, 1864.
William B. Depoy, private, enlisted June 24.
Augustus B. Dotson, private, enlisted June 24.
Milton Davis, private, enlisted June 26.
James Davis, private, enlisted June 18.
Jacob Filinger, private, enlisted June 23.
Jonat*lian Ingerhoff, private, enlisted June 22.
John B. Keller, private, enlisted June 9.
Daniel F. Lahman, private, enlisted June 18.
N. M. McCoy, private, enlisted June 25.
James E. Marine, private, enlisted June 21.
Luther K. Miller, private, enlisted June 16.
Joseph A. Parrott, private, enlisted June 27.
Lemanuel V. Powell, private, enlisted June 18.
John A. Bitter, private, enlisted July 14.
Marcellus Racobs, private, enlisted July 25.
Levi Day, private, enlisted June 22.
James A. Dixon, private, enlisted July 1.
Spicer Heskit, private, enlisted July 14.
David M. Curtis, private, enlisted June 21.
Joshua Conwell, private, enlisted June 21.
Zachariah T. Draise, private, enlisted June 9,
Jacob P. Hamilton, private, enlisted June 22.
William McDaniel, private, enlisted June 20.
John A. Elliott, private, enlisted September 3, 1864.
David N. Bush, private, enlisted June 24.
Isaac P. Dyer, private, enlisted June 27.
Francis M. Gibson, private, enlisted June 21.

SECOND REGIMENT OHIO HEAVY ARTILLERY

COMPANY B.

The following original members enlisted in 1863 :

Philip Rothrock, captain, enlisted June 18.
Alexander Marshman, 2d lieutenant, enlisted August 1.
George H. Bell, 2d lieutenant, enlisted December 28.
John T. Gifford, 2d lieutenant, enlisted July 26.
Harvey Rodgers, 1st sergeant, enlisted June 21.

444 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

Francis M. Gibson, sergeant, enlisted June 21.
William A. Wells, corporal, enlisted June 21.
Emanuel Purnell, corporal, enlisted June 21.
Henry Venemnnn. corporal, enlisted Jul)- 25.
Jerah Boards, privato, enlisted July 29.
Isaac N. Bonliam, private, enlisted June 21.
Jonas Crawford, private, enlisted June 24.
Henry Crawford, private, enlisted June 10.
George Crawford, private, enlisted June 21.
Samuel Carnes, private, enlisted July 29.
JeflFerson Daugherty, private, enlisted August 3.
John Foley, private, enlisted July 29. ,

James Flood, private, enlisted July 1.
John W. Johnson, private, enlisted August 4.
Jesse Leveck, private, enlisted June 20.
Lewis Lanumn, private, enlisted July 1.
Nathan Miller, private, enlisted August 3.
Robert H. Robinson, private, enlisted June 10.
Jeremiah Smith, private, enlisted July 29.
Merritt Slurgeon, private, enlisted June 22.-
Joseph Sidens, private, enlisted June 2.
D. R. Hoffman, private, enlisted August 3.
Samuel C. Orr, private, enlisted June 22.
Charles C, Carey, private, enlisted June 27.
Samuel Leveck, private, enlisted June 20.
John Rabb, private, enlisted February 29.
James Maddox, private, enlisted July 29.
Marcellas Racobs, private, enlisted July 25.
Foster Todd, private, enlisted July 29.

FIRST OHIO VOLUNTEEE CAVALRY

COMPANY A.
Captain John H. Robison.

LIEUTENANTS.

1st, Samuel L. Hooker, 2d, Noah Jones.

ORDERLY SERGEANTS.

Albert E. Chester, ' Harrison Henry.

IN THE REBELLION.

445

SERGEANTS.

George P. Barnes,
James A. Gunning

William Baxley.
Abraham Thomas.

Commisary Sergeant, John Backenstoe.

CORPORALS.

Daniel Clark.
Frank Foulke.
Henry Judy.
John McElwain.
M. T. C. Williams.

John B. Cresey.
Thomas Hoover.
William McMasters.
Stephen Ranson.

Thomas D. L. McElwain.
Ferrier, P. J. Johnson.

Samuel L. Gillispie.
Saddler, Lennox Campbel

Abraham Aldrich,
Samuel Brindley,
Jesse M. Bloomer,
A. E. Chester,
William Pitt Cleavland,
Charles Duffie,
Henry C. Denious,
John Dickey,
Archelaus Dyer,
Justice V. Elster,
John Foley,
William S. Gordon,
Thomas F. Gardner,
John N. Hill,
John Harley,
N. B. Jenkins,
Miriam Judy,
Henry Kiefer,
Henry Kingman,
Henry S. Limes,
Thomas Mooney,

George P. Barnes, jr.
Leroy Boggs,
Edward Coleman,
Lenox Campell,
John Collins,
Simon Doran,
Lawson Draise,
William Devore,
Richard D. Evans,
Fout Thomas,
Peter Getz,
Michael Givens.
Thomas J. Gaskill,
John Hidy,
George Hughes,
P. J. Johnson,
Elihu Judy,
Daniel Kenalty,
Grafton Lee,
William Long,
William Millikam,

446

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Jackson McGinnis,
Jacob D. Miller,
Jonathan McLaughlin.
William Pharis,
James Priddy,
Henry C. Painter,
Seth Ross,
Charles Rozelle,
John Straley,
Jacob Smith,
Landon Silcott,
Jonas L, Thornton,
Collins Vincent,
William Welsh,
John Demon.

Thomas Manuel.
William McLaughlin,
Robert Nidy,
Spencer C. Pharis,
Granville Plumley,
John Reece,
Abner Riggin,
John Rodgers,
Benjamin T. Stover,
Anthony Schrechengaust,
Joseph Swamley,
Robert Tweedale,
Robert Vincent.
Joseph A. 0. Yeoman.

RECRUITS OF 1862.

Benjamin Allen,
Bryson Larrimer,
Samuel Rodgers,
Amos Thornton,
G. M. Ustick,
Justice Squires,
Madison Squires,
William Mitchell,
A. T. B. Terry,
John Ball,
William McElwain,
Campbell Thomas,
Leander Blakemore.

Jacob Lewis,
W. F. Backenstoe,
Alexander Harper,
Richard Saxton,
William Vincent,
James Squires,
Reuben Short,
John C. Lively,
James W. King,
Henry Tidy,
John H. Saunders,
G. W. Thurston,

RECRUITS OF 1863.

George Treemain,
Hinton Wells,
Wyatt Blakemore,
A. R. Seymore,

George Duffee,
Licurgus Saxton,
John Bentz,
James Gartland.

FAYETTE COUNTY IN THE LEGISLATURE.

SENATORS.

Though organized in March, 1810, it appears that the iirst time

Fayette was represented in the legislature was at the tenth General
Assembl3^

1811. Ross, and part of Fayette and Pickaway, were represent-
ed in the senate by Duncan McArthur and James Dunlap.

1812. Highland and Fayette counties, George W. Barrere.

1813. Highland and Fayette counties, George W. Barrere.

1814. Highland and Fayette counties, George W. Barrere.

1815. Highland and Fayette counties, Samuel Evans.

1816. Highland and Fayette counties, Samuel Evans.

1817. Highland and Fayette counties, Allen Trimble.

1818. Highland and Fayette counties, Allen Trimble.

1819. Highland and Fayette counties, Allen Trimble.

1820. Highland and Fayette counties, Allen Trimble.

1821. Highland and Fayette counties, Allen Trindjle.

1822. Highland and Fayette counties, Allen Trimble.

1823. Highland and Fayette counties, Allen Trimble.

1824. Highland and Fayette counties, Allen Trimble.

1825. Highland and Fayette counties, Allen Trimble.

1826. Highland and Fayette counties, John Jones, vice Allen
Trimble, resigned.

1827. Highland and Fayette counties, John Jones.

1828. Highland and Fayette counties, John Jones.

1829. Highland and Fayette counties, Moses Carothers.

1830. Highland and Fayette counties, Moses Carothers.

1831. Highland and Fayette counties, Moses Carothers.

1832. Highland and Fayette counties, Moses Carothers.

1833. Highland and Fayette counties, Joseph J. McDowell.

1834. Highland and Fayette counties, Joseph J. McDowell,

448 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

1835. (Extra.) Highland and Fayette connties, Joseph J. ^Ic-
Dowell.

1835. Highland and Fayette connties, Jacob Kirby.

1836. Fayette, Madison, and Greene connties, John Arbnckle.

1837. Fayette, Madison, and Greene connties, John Arbuckle.

1838. Fayette, Madison, and Greene connties, Aaron Harlan.
•1839. Fayette, Madison, and Greene counties, Aaron Harlan.

1840. Xo record.

1841. Adams, Highland, and Fayette counties, William Bobbins.

1842. Adams, Highland, and Fayette connties, William Robbins.

1843. Adams, Highland, and Fayette counties, John M. Barrere.

1844. (No record for Fayette County), John M. Barrere,

1845. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, Burnham Martin.

1846. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, Burnham Martin.

1847. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, Franklin Corwin.

1848. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, Franklin Corwin.

1849. Highland and Fayette counties, Ruel Beeson.

1850. Highland and Fayette counties, liuel Beeson.

1852. (New Constitution.) Greene, Clinton, and Fayette coun-
ties, John Fudge.

1854. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, Isaac S. Wright.

1856. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties. Nelson Rush.

. 1858. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, James J. Winans.

1860. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, John Q. Smith.

1862. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, Mills Gardner.

1864. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, John F. Patton.

1.866. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties. A. W. Doan.

1868. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, Sani'l N. Yeoman.

1870. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, Moses 1). Gatch.

1872. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, John Q. Smith.

1874. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, Sam'i N. Yeoman.

1876. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, A. Spangler.

1878. Greene, CHnton, and Fayette counties, Thos. S. Jackson

1880. Greene, Clinton, and Fayette counties, A. R. Creamer.

REPRESENTATIVES.

1812. Joseph Hopkins.

1813. Samuel Myers.

1814. James Carothers.

IN TKE LEGISLATURE. 449

1815. Thomas McDoiiakl.

1816. James Carothers.

1817. James Carothers.

1818. Samuel Mj-ers.

1819. James Carothers.

1820. Benjamin Ilintoii.

1821. James Carothers.

1822. Robert liobinson.
1828. Robert Robinson.

1824. Batteal Harrison.

1825. Thomas McGarraugU.

1826. Thomas McGarrangh.

1827. Thomas McGarraugh.

1828. Batteal Harrison.

1829. Thomas McGarraugh.

1830. William Palmer.

1831. Thomas McGarraugh.

1832. Highland and Fayette, Joseph J. McDowelL

1833. Samuel F. Yeoman.

1834. Highland and Fayette, Jacob Kirby.

1835. Extra session, Jacob Kirby.

1835. Higldand and Fayette, David Reeot\

1836. Madison and Fayette, B. Harrison.

1837. Madison and Fayette, B. Harrison.

1838. Madison and Fayette, William H. Creighton.

1839. Madison and Fayette, Batteal Harrison.

1840. Adams, Fayette, and Highland, David Recce, James Ca-
rothers, and James Smith.

1841. Adams, Fayette, and Highland, David Recce, James Ca-
rothers, and James Smith.

1842. Adams, Fayette, and Highland, Robert Robinson.

1843. Adams, Fayette, and Highland, Hugh Means, and Burn-
ham Martin.

1844. Fayette and Clinton, Robert Do-bbins.

1845. Fayette and Clinton, Stephen Evans.

1846. Fayette and Clinton, Franklin Corwin.

1847. Fayette and Clinton, James Carothers.

1848. Fayette and Highland, Hugh Smart.

1849. Fayette and Highland, Jacob T. Pugsley.

1850. Fayette and Highland Otto Williams.

450 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

1852. Nelson Rush.

1854. Jesse J. Worthington.

1856. W. H. Latham.

. 1858. Eobert M. Briggs.

1860. Samuel F. Kerr.

1862. James Pursell.

1864. James Pursell.

1866. Mills Gardner.

1868. Samuel F. Kerr.

1870. Marshall J. Williams.

1872. Marshall J. Williams.

1874. John L. Myers.

1876. William Milliken.

1878. M. S. Creamer.

1880. William Milliken.

1881. William Milliken.

FAYETTE COUNTY OFFICIALS.

PRESIDING JUDGES.

Previous to the new eonstitntioii of 1851, the judiciary consisted
of a president judge, and associate judges, which hitter, after the
new constitution, were called common pleas judges.

1810-1817. John Thompson.
1818. Orris Parish.
• 1816-1823. John Thompson.
1824-1828. Gustavus S^van.
1829-1833. Frederick Grinke.
1834-1842. John W. Price.
1843-1847. Owen T. Fisliback.
1848-1850. George Collings.
1851. Shepard F. Norris.

ASSOCIATE JUDGES.

1810-1816. Henry Snider, William Blackeraore and James
Mooney.

1817-1818. Thomas McGarraugh, Batteal Harrison and James
Mooney.

1819-1823. Batteal Harrison, James Mooney and Thomas Mc-
Garrauo^h.

1824-1827. Thomas McGarraugh, Wade Loof borrow and Joseph
L. Gillespie.

1828-1830. Joseph S. Gillespie, James Carothers and James B.
Webster.

1831-1833. J ames Carothers, James B. Webster and Jacob Jam-
ison.

1834-1842. Jacob Jamison, James Ca'rothers and James Sharp.

1843. Joel S. Bereman, Jacob Jamison and James Carothers.

451

452 iiisTonv of fayette county.

1844-1846. James Carothers, Jacolj Jamison and Daniel Mc-
Lean.

1847. James Carothers, Daniel McLean and James Manery.

1848-1850. Samnel F. Yeoman, Daniel McLean and James
Manery.

1851. James Manery, Daniel McLean and James Beatty.

COMMON PLEAS JUDGES.

1852-1854. James S. Bates, Sliepard F. I^orris and John L.
Green.

1855-1850. James L. Bates.
. 1857. James Sloane.
1858. Alfred S. Dickey and Shepard F. Norris.
1859-1860. Rohert M. Brings and James L. Bates.
1861. Alfred S. Dickey, James L. Bates and T. Q. Ashbnrn.
1862-1864. Robert M. Briggs and Alfred S. Dickey. .
1865-1868. Alfred S. Dickey.
1869-1871. William H. Stafford and Alfred S. Dickey,

1872. S. F. Steele and W. H. Stafford.

1873. Joseph Olds and S. F. Steele.

1874. T. M. Gray and S. F. Steele.

1875. T. M. Gray and S. W. Oonrtright.
1876-1877. John Vanmeter and Thadens R. Minshall.
1878-1879. S. F. Steele and T. R. Minshall.
1880-1881. S. F. Steele and Asa Gregg.

COMMISSIONERS ACT. COMMISSIONERS.

The act of territorial government, creating the office of county
commissioners, for counties in the territory northwest of the Ohio
River, was adopted from the statutes of Pennsylvania, which were
published June 19,1795. It took effect October 1, 1795. These
commissioners were not elected by the people, but were appointed
by the justices of the court of general quarter sessions of the peace.
This court was established, and so styled, by the. territorial govern-
ment in 1788. It was composed of not less than three, nor more
than five, of the justices of the peace in any county, which justices
were appointed and commissioned by the governor, under the seal
of the territory. Such commissioners were listers of real estate,

COUNTY OFFICIALS. 453

and they j)ert'ormed many of the duties required of the county
commissioners of a later date, hut their powers did not extend to
the organization of townships. No such hoard of commissioners
was ever appointed in Fayette County ; nor was there ever any
court of general quarter sessions of the peace held in this county.

By an act of the second general assomhl}^ of the State of Ohio,
passed Fehruary 14, 1804, the office of county commissioner was
created as it stands to-day.

It was impossible to ol)tain the mames of those who serA'ed be-
tween 1810 and 1828, hj reason of the loss of the records.

1810. Jacob Jamison, James Brooks ami John Harrold.

1828. Thomas Burnett, Jacob Jamison and MathcAv Jones.

1829. Jacob Jamison, Mathew Jones and James Woods.

1830. Jacob Jamison, David Creamer and Joseph Parrott.

1831. Samuel Sellars, David Creamer and Joseph Parrott, Jr.
1832-1833. Samuel Sellars, Merit Jamison and John Stilt.
1834, John Stilt, Samuel Sellars and James Kirkpatrick.
r835-1836. Samuel Sellars, James Kirkpatrick and George

Mantle.

1837. Samuel Sellars, George Mantle and Isaac Jenkins.

1838. Isaac Jenkins, Merit Jamison and Samuel Sellers.

1839. Merit Jamison, Isaac Jenkins and James Shivers.

1840. Isaac Jenkins, James Shivers and John Hays.

1841. James Jenkins, James Shivers and William Limes.

1842. Isaac Jenkins, William Limes and Isaac L. Cook.

1843. William Limes, Isaac Cook and Joseph B. Creamer.
1844-1846. Isaac Cook, J. B. Creamer and James Shivers.
1847-1848. Isaac L. Cook, J. B. Creamer and Joseph Mark.

1849. Joseph Mark, Isaac L. Cook and Jacob A. Rankin.

1850. Isaac L. Gook, Jacob A. Rankin and Robert Eyre.
1851-1852. Jacob A. Rankin, Robert Eyre and Micajah Draper.

1853. Jacob A. Rankin, Alfred Bruce and Micajah Draper.

1854. Jacob A. Rankin, Alfred Bruce and William Knox.

1855. Alfred Bruce, William Knox and Micajah Draper.

1856. Jacob A. Rankin, Micajah Draper and John II. Parrott,
vice Wm. Knox, resigned.

1857. Jacob A. Rankin, Mictyah Draper, and Benjamin Burnett.
1858-1859. No record.

1860. Jacob A. Rankin, Thomas B. Thornton, and Micajah
Draper.

454 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

1861. Jacob A. Rankin, Thomas B. Thornton, and Ira Yeoman.
1862-1863. Ira Yeoman, B. H. Burnett, and Jacob A. Rankin.

1864. :N'o record.

1865. Jacob A. Rankin, B. H. Burnett, and B. F. Thomas.

1866. B. H. Burnett, B. F. Thomas, and William H. Jones.

1867. William H. Jones, Allen Heagler, and William Clark.

1868. Allen Heagler, William Clark, and Enos Reeder.

1869. William Clark, Enos Reeder, and Curran Millikan.

1870. William Clark, Enos Reeder, and George S. Fullerton.

1871. George S. Fullerton, A. C. Johnson, and Abram Bush.

1872. George S. Fullerton, Abram Bush, and E. L. Ford.

1873. Abram Bush, E. L. Ford, and R. S. Sutherland.

1874. Abram Bush,.E. L. Ford, and R. S. Sutherland.

1875. R. S. Sutherland, Abram Bush, and H. Ellis.

1876. R. S. Sutherland, Abram Bush, and II. Ellis.

1877. H. Ellis, R. S. Sutherland, W. J. Horney.
1878-1880. H. Ellis, R. S. Sutherland, and J. Mahan.

AUDITORS.

1824. i^orman F. Jones.

1828-1833. Norman F. Jones.

1833-1841. James Hinton.

1841-1842. Jared Plumb.

1842-1850. James Pursell, vice Jared Plumb, resigned.

1850-1858. Henry Robinson.

1858-1861. John Sanders.

1861-1870. James P. Robinson.

' 1870-1873. Abel McCandles.

1873-1877. James P. Robinson, vice Abel >IcCandles resigned.

1877-1880. Thomas J. Lindsey.

1880-1881. James P. Robinson.

RECORDERS.

1810-1831. Jesse MiUiken,

1831-1833. Robert Robinson.

1833-1835. Samuel Millikan, vice Robert Roljinson resigned.

1835-1837. Samuel Loof borrow.

1837-1838. Samuel F. Kerr, vice William C. Sexton deceased.

COUNTY OFFICIALS.

455

1838-1839.
1839-1843.
1843-1853.
1853-1861.
1861-18(34.
1864-1866.
1866-1881.

Samuel Loofborrow.
Samuel Millikan.
Nelson Rush.
John Douglass.
N. B. Coons.
Joseph C. Plumb.
Z. W. Header.

TREASURERS.

1828-1836.
1836-1839.
1839-1850.
1850-1854.
1854-1857.
1857-1859.
1859-1860.
1860-1861.
1861-1862.
1862-1866.
1866-1870.
1870-1872.
1872-1876.
1876-1878.
1878-1881.

Benjamin Hinton.
James Webster.
Z. W. Heagler.
William McElwain.
Jesse Burnett.
Robert Stewart.
William McElwain.
Richard Tarokes.
Joel S. Bereman.
Arthur E. Silcott.
A. C. Johnson.
John W. Say re.
Eli Craig. ■
C. Garis.
Eli Craig.

PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS.

1810-1818.
R. Parish.
1818-1819.
1819-1822.
1822-1823.
1823-1824.
1824-1827.
1827-1831.
1831-1833.
1833-1834.
1834-1843.

Wade Loofborough. Frequently assisted by John

Samuel Buck.

Wade Loot" bo rro ugh.

Benjamin G. Leonard.

Wade Loofborrough.

Benjamin G. Leonard.

Wade Loofborough.

H. Phelps.

Wade Loofborrough.

Robert Robinson. Colonel S. F.

Kerr served some-

time between 1837 and 1842, but it is impossible to learn.

456 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

18-13-1847. Beniuin Martin.

1847-1852. Xelsoii Kush.

1852-1854. David M. Jones.

1854-1856. Eobert M. Briggs.

1856-1860. Mills Gardner."

1860-1862. M. Williams.

1862-1864. M. Pavey.

1864-1866. M. Williams.

1866-1868. J. B. Priddy.

1868-1870. H. B. Maynard.

1870-1872. M. Pavey.

1872-1874. Andrew K. Creamer.

1874-1880. Asa Gregg.

1880-1881. Frank Carpenter, present incumbent.

CLERKS.

1810-1835. Jesse Millikaii.

1835-1842. Joseph Bell, vice Millikan deceased.

1842-1844. Elam Ilinton.

1844-1850. Samuel Millikan.

1850-1854. Joel S. Bereman.

1854-1867. Richard Millikan.

1867-1875. Mason Blan chard.

1875-1876. Joseph C. Plumb.

1876-1881. Elmer W. Welsheimer.

. SHERIFFS.

1810-1812. Mr. Clark.

1812-1822. Robert Robison resigned, and Norman F. Jones
appointed.

1822-1828. Aaron Johnson. '

1828-1830. Joseph Bloomer.

1830-1843. William S. Williams.

1843-1844. Robert Cissna.

1844-1848. Joel S. Bereman.

1848-1851. James Vance.

1851-1855. John C. Jones.

1855-1856. William 11. Blakemore.

COUNTY OFFICIALS. ' 457

1856-1861. William Burnett.

1861-1865. AVilliam Smith.

1865-1869. James Straley.

1869-1873. Conrad Garis.

1873-1877. John Millikan.

1877-1881. Oswell Smith.
1881. James Cook, present incumbent.

PROBATE JUDGES.

1852-1866. S. F. Kerr.

1856-1865. L. D. Williard.

1865-1868. Manfred Williard.

1868-1871. S. B. Yeoman.

1871-1881. J. B. Priddy, present incumbent.

Owing to the condition of the records of this county, it has been
next to impossible to obtain, with any degree of accuracy, the dates
of the county officers. We have spent a great deal of time in
searching for them, obtained them as nearly as possible, submitted
them for revision to those whom we considered the most competent
to revise them, and now present them to the public. The loss of
the records, and the meager entries made, render accuracy almost
impossible. If later investigation throws new light on the subject
corrections will appear in errata.

UNION TOWNSHIP.

This township, occupying a central geographical position in the
county, containing the county seat, is therefore of more commer-
cial importance than any other portion of the surrounding ter-
ritory.

Inasmuch, however, as it has contributed largely to the county
history, the facts for its individual history will be somewhat
anaemic. It was one of the original townships, formed co-evil with the
organization of the county, in 1810 ; its boundary lines have been
but very little changed. Beginning about a mile east of Bloom-
ingburg, on the Marion Township line, it runs a little south of
west about four and a half miles to the pike ; then deflects a little
to the south until it reaches Paiat Creek, about two and a half
miles ; thence nearly southwest about two miles to Sugar Creek ;
thence with said creek about ten miles to Paint Creek ; thence north
with the pike one mile ; thence east one mile to Paint Creek ; thence
north two miles with the creek, thence northeast two and a half
miles to the pike ; thence north of east three miles to C. & M. V.
E. R. ; thence northwest with the pike three miles; thence north to
beginning.

The township is well watered by Paint Creek, which bifurcates
near Washington into the east and west branch, and on the west
by Sugar Creek.

The township generally is level, the western portion rather heav-
ily timbered, while the northeastern part was called the barrens^
very low, wet, and even swampy, covered with high grass in early
times, which. was annually burnt oft' by the Indians.

EARLY SETTLERS.

The following names, after having been submitted to old settlers
now living, revised and corrected, are taken from Putnam.
Edward Smith, sr., immigrated to Fayette County, in 1810, the

UNION TOWNSHIP. 459

same year it was organized. lie entered his land on the waters of
Paint Creek, since called the East Fork. The land was a dense
forest, inhabited by Indians and beasts of prey. He erected his
wigwam, and commenced clearing and improving his land, when,
on a sudden, the war broke in on his arrangements, and he, with
his neighbors, volunteered and served in the defense of his adopted
state. At the close of the war he returned home and recommenced
the improving of his land. On returning one night from Wash-
ington, during high water, he attempted to cross the creek, was
thrown from his horse and drowned. He was the father of ten
children ; Sarah, Caselman, Mary, Susan, Kachel, Eliza, Selina,
Edward, July and Maggie, all married. Mrs. Smith died, aged
eighty-four. Edward Smith's family, Mary C. Caselman, Lewis,
James, Len., John R., Noah, Rachel, and William, are all living.
Mrs. Smith, wife of Edward Smith, jr., is living, and looks fresh
and young, and is enjoying herself in her neat, tasty, and splendid
mansion, where she entertains her numerous relatives and friends,
in social chat, when they visit her.

Jacob Casselman, was a noted hunter and farmer. John Thomas,
farmer, was in the war of 1812. Jacob Judy, a large farmer, was
in the war of 1812, and was a man of note and influence. His old
pioneer house is now occupied by his daughter. Colonel Jose^^h
Bell represented the fourth district in congress several terms.
Coloneh Joseph Vance, sr., served in the French and RevoluticHiary
wars. John King, farmer, Robert Irion, iirst surveyor, William
Cockerall, first school teacher, John Irion, trustee, William Boggs,
shoemaker, J. and S. Coffin, tailors, were in the war of 1812.
James Pollock and Reuben Purcell, carpenters, also served in the
war of 1812. William Brannon, sr., William Brannon, jr., James
Brannon, C. Coffman, Hiram Rush, and IST. Rush, were farmers.
Dr. L. Rush, and Dr. B. Rush, are sons of the late William Rush.

Ananias Allen, Madison Allen, James Allen, Joseph Allen, Jesse
Allen, Benjamin Allen, and Eben Allen, all lived on Allen Run,
sometimes called Big Run. They were men of large hearts, busi-
ness qualifications, extensive farmers, stock dealers and useful citi-
zens. General Ethan Allen, of revolutionar}^ fame, and all the
Aliens in America, are descended from Major Benjamin Allen, who
fell in General Braddock's defeat, near Fort Pitt, in 1755.

Robert Smith emigrated from Virginia at an early day and set-
tled in Ross County, near Bainbridge. From Ross he went to Fay-

460 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ette. When the war broke out iu 1812, he served as a soldier, (his
father was in the revohition). He was a farmer. His family con-
sisted of Isaac, Alfred, James, David, "William H., Henry C, Jerome,
Charles W., Eliza, Emma and Mary.

Edward Taylor was born in Pennsylvania, February 3, 1772.
His father, William Taylor, was a soldier in the revolution. After
the close of the war, he emigrated to Kentucky, and then to the
northwest in 1793. During the Indian war he served as a spy.
He located in now Ross, and purchased a tract of land of Joseph
Carr, of Kentucky. He was the father of ten children, Edward
Taylor, the subject of this record, was his sixth son. Edward emi-
grated from Kentucky, to Eoss County, in 1808, and to Fayette
County, in 1815. His first wife was Nancy Koach, by whom he had
three children ; she died in Kentucky, in 1807. He purchased two
hundred acres of Xatlianiel Massie, on Main Paint and Taylor Pun,
in 1815, and married Mary Smith, daughter of Edward Smith, by
whom he had ten children : Rachel, Elizabeth, Edward, jS'ancy,
Emily, Maggie and Washington. Edward Taylor is the patriarch
of Fayette. In his one hundreth 3^ear, his mind unimpaired, health
and general appetite good, he still, with the energetic aid of his
wife, carries on the agricultural business on the old pioneer farm,
which they have occupied and successfully cultivated sixt^^-two
years, and raised a large family, all married and doing well — some
in Fayette, some in adjacent counties, and some in the west.

Hon. J. S. Bereman was an early settler in the forests of Fayette.
He has the credit of establishing and printing the first newspaper
in the county. He has served his county in several important trusts
county clerk, judge, representative, and clerk of that august
body.

Hon. Daniel McLean, an early settler and a merchant, has held
the oflice of judge, and is now president of the national bank. He
is a man of wealth and influence, proverbial for his honesty and
benevolence.

Joseph McLean, by occupation a farmer. He was one of our
early immigrants. A man of integrity and a useful citizen.

William R. Millikan, editor and owner of the Fayette County
Herald, was born in Ross County, and when of age emigrated to
the west, and then back to Fayette. He is a nephew of Jesse Mil-
likan, an early pioneer.

William Rush was born in Hampshire County, Virginia, on the

TTNION TOWNSHIP. 461

20th of October, 1783, and moved from tliere at ten years of age
with his parents to Kentucky, where he resided live or six years,
and from there they came to High Bank Prairie, in Ross County,
Ohio, in about 1798 or 1799, and from there they came and settled
in the Pickaway Plains, on the Scioto, in about 1800, where his
father, John Rush, died in 1806.

His father, John Rush, was originally from Bedford County,
Pennsylvania, and settled in Hampshire County, Virginia, in the
time of the revolutionary war.

William Rush married Eleanor Graves, about 1802, by whom he
raised seven children, four sons and three daughters. She died in
August, 1834, and he was again married, to his present wife, in
1835.

He removed from Pickaway County, Ohio, in December, 1816,
and settled on the banks of Sugar Creek, Union Township, where
he remained a period of nearly fifty-two years until his death, which
occurred on Sunday night at ten minutes before nine o'clock of
August 16, 1868.

At an early day he was a member of what was then called the
Christian Church, but joined the Methodist Church *bout forty
years ago, in the time of Quinn, Findley, Colbins, Eddy, and those
contemporaries in this part of the country, and remained a member
of that church until his death.

Mr. Rush was the last one of the pioneer settlers in that section
of this county. A few years more and the pioneers of the county
will all be gone ; there is now but here and there one left.

Lieutenant John Millikan was one of the first permanent
pioneers to the Scioto Valley, and was a man of prominence and in-
fluence. During the war of 1812, he served as a lieutenant, and
was the father of William R. Millikan, present editor of the
Fayette County Herald. Lieutenant Millikan died in 1813, lamented
and respected by all who knew him. His -father served in the
revolution. •

Judge James Beatty emigrated to Fayette Count}', in 1818.
Washington had but few log cabins, the county but seven town-
ships sparsely settled. Deer and game of -smaller species were in
abundance. His grandfather, George Beatty, served as a minute
man during the protracted war of the revolution. His father was
Charles Beatty, who died in 1850, aged eighty -five. Judge Beatty
was in the war of 1812 under Captain Isaac Heiskell, brother of

462 ttlSTOKY 6P FAYETTE COUNTY.

the late John Heiskeil of Chxrke County, and uncle to D. 0. Heis-
kell of South Charleston, a brave Vu-ginian, who was the son of a
veteran of the revolution, Adam Heiskeil. About the time the
enemy were preparing to attack Fort Stevenson, the frontiers were
in great danger, and General Harrison wrote to the governor of
Virginia to send to his aid the volunteer riflemen, organized under
the state laws. Captain Heiskeil, on getting the news, was soon
on the war path. This was named the general call. Judge Beatty
was then but eighteen years old. He belonged to the company,
and was one of the first to volunteer in the defense of the fron-
tiers, exposed to the British and Indians. The march was tedious
and long. ISTo roads nor public conveyances, but wild traces and
trails made by the savages. They suffered untold privations and
hardships, until they arrived at headquarters at Upper Sandusky,
where were collected eight thousand militia, under General Mc-
Arthur. The troops having arrived at Upper Sandusky, formed
the grand army of the northwest. Judge Beatty helped to erect
Fort Meigs.

Judge Beatty was elected and commissioned an associate judge,
in 1847, and served with greatacceptance until the new constitution
was adopted. Judge Beatty is a strong minded enterprising man,
possessed of an iron will ; a man of sense and sound judgment,
and every way qualified for the honor conferred upon him. He is
an honorable man, strict and close to business, but honest and
benevolent, kind to the poor. He was born in Virginia, in 1793,
and is now seventy-eight years old. He holds his age remarkably
well. His family record is, Newton, Milton, James, Mary, Henry
Ferman, son-in-law. Newton is a farmer and stock dealer, Milton
farmer and preacher, James, farmer, Mary married Henry Ferman.
They occupy the old homestead, and the judge makes his home
with them. In religion, the judge is a Presbyterian.

Robert liobinson, attorney, and an early representative of Fay-
ette County; Honorable Wade Loofborough, attorney and an early
representative of Fayette County. Colonel S. F. Carr, attorney, a
man of sense, a military man, has held several important trusts,
has represented the county in the legislature. His oration, de-
livered July 4, 1871, should be printed on satin, preserved, and
handed down to the latest posterity. He was at the late pioneer
fair and greatly enjoyed himself. Brice Webster, Robert Harrison,
Joseph Orr, and James Harrison farmers. Thomas Walker, J.

UNION TOWNSHIP. ^ 463

Walker and C. Walker died, aged ninety ; James Timraons died,
aged ninety-nine. Patrick Pendergrass, Thomas Pendergrass, James
Allen, Samuel Webster, Moses Rowe, Daniel McLain, John Hues,
B. Ball, (aged 98,) John Weeks, John Dehaven, (aged 101,) William
Highland, Robert Geuo, Abram Ware, David Thompson, Daniel
Shiry, John Rankin, N. Evans, John Allen and David Morrisson.
The above are all farmers and honest men.

Seth Dunn, hunter and farmer ; Elisha Taylor and Colonel
Jewett were all in the war of 1812 ; occupations, farmers. Nathan
Loof borrow, Jerome Drais, and James McCoy were all noted stock
dealers. Isaac Templeton, a day laborer, was father of eighteen
children, (three sets of twins). Abel Wright and John Myers, tan-
ner and farmer; Joseph Blackburn was ninety-nine, a tanner;
Stephen Grubb, carpenter ; Judge Gillespie, a man of influence ;
Noah Devualt and George Hinkle carpenters ; Zebedee Heagler
and John Grady were the first butchers.

John Thomas settled at Jthe mouth of the east fork of Paint
Creek, about 1810, and was known all over the country as " chin"
Thomas, on account of the remarkable extension of his chin.

Robert Harrison and William Downing, about 1808, came from
Kentucky and located on Sugar Creek. They were industrious, en-
ergetic men, and good citizens.

Samuel and Frank Waddle came from Kentucky, in 1810, and
settled on Sugar Creek.

Henry and Jacob Snyder came from Virginia, first to Ross
County then to Fayette, locating on Sugar Creek, in 1809.

David and John Wright settled on Sugar Creek, in 1808. The
former had a remarkable memory, and could, after once reading,
repeat fifty or more pages of matter.

Leonard Bush came with a large family from Virginia, in 1808,
and settled on Sugar Creek.

Fielding Figgins, with four or five sons, came from Kentucky
and began farming on Sugar Creek in 1809.

The Millers came from Virginia, in 1810, and settled between
Washington and Sugar Creek.

The Coils located near Bloomingburg, in 1809.

Jacob Judy came from A'irginia and located on the east fork of
Paint Creek, in 1809.

A Mr. Smith settled on Paint Creek, in which he was subse-
quently drowned.

464 HisToRY or fayette county.

It appears that for a long time uo settlements were made in the
immediate vicinity of the present site of Wasliington.

John Orr settled on Paint Creek, about two miles southeast of
Washington, in 1808.

Valentine ("Felt}-") Coil was one of the early settlers of Union
Township and Washington Court House. During the early Indian
wars he was captured at Ruddle's Station by the Indians and Cana-
(^ans under Colonel Byrd when about two years of age, and

with his sister carried across the Ohio, at Cincinnati, to

Niagara Falls, thence to Canada, where he was adopted by a squaw
who had lost a son, with whom he lived until his marriage. It is
said that the notorious Simon Gerty, who captured him, met him at
a public house in Canada, and after inviting him to drink, and
when under the influence of Are water bantered him for a fight,
which being refused he grew very loquacious, and revealed to him
where all his friends were. On the strength of this. Coil went to
Kentucky and found an uncle, who went with him to Virginia and
found his mother, who had married a man by the name of Hen-
dricks. When he saw her, she did not recognize him. He asked
her if she had lost a son. She replied that she had^ and would know
him by a peculiar mark. On examination the mark was found,
and the son reclaimed. He returned to Canada. His wife dying,
his sister Polly went to Canada, and together they came first to
Chillicothe, then to Fayette Count}', and set up a distillery near
Washington ; finally abandoned it and came to Washington. It is
said he made whisky in Canada for the English Fur Company. He
was sold by the Indians to a British ofiicer, whose wife imposed
on him. and made a slave of him.

WASHINGTON.

Washington, the county seat of Fayette County, is located near
the central portion of Union Township, on Paint Creek, and occu-
pies a part of entry No. 757, which consisted of twelve hundred
acres, and belonged to Benjamin Temple, of Logan County, Ken-
tucky, who donated one hundred and fifty acres to Fayette County
for a county town, or seat of justice. The deed conveying this
land to the county was made December 1, 1810, by Thomas S. Hind

UNION TOWNSHIP. ^ 465

(throngli a power of attorney from Temple), to Eobert Stewart,
who was appointed by the legislature of Ohio as " Director of the
Town of Washington," and who had the town laid off sometime
between December 1, 1810, and February 26,1811 — the date of the
record of the town plat.

EARLY BUSINESS.

Joseph Rank was very probably the first merchant in Washing-
ton, and occupied a hewed log building (one end of which he used
for a dwelling) on the east corner of Main and Market streets. He
began business there perhaps as early as 1811, and continued until
1813, when he became financially embarrassed, and his property
was sold to Samuel Waddle, step-father of Judge D. McLean.

About the time that Runk began business at the place above lo-
cated, or probably a little later, Peter Hefiey opened a small store
on the southeast side of Court Street, about where Boyer's drug
store stands.

Henry Snyder and Jesse Mulloy ran a store for a while, then
Mulloy retired, and Snyder carried on the store.

Pierce Evans came with a large stock of .goods in 1814. He
was soon followed b\^ Samuel Evans and sons, from Highland
County. Pierce Evans built a store-room on the site of the old
T. D. & B. depot, and ran it until 1822, when he failed. Samuel
Evans and sons continued for a time, sold out, and went into the
tavern business on the corner where now stands the drug store of
Brown Brothers.

Waddle & McGarraugh started a general country store in 1817,
the former running the store, and the latter practicing medicine,
which was continued until 1822.

When Pierce Evans failed, his goods were taken b}' John Boyed,
and the business was carried on for years by James Shivers, who
also kept drugs, and when he retired he was succeeded in the drug
business by Daniel McLain.

In 1830 there was a firm by the name of John McManis & Co.

Samuel Yeoman, William Mcllwain, Webster Melvin & Co.,
and Henry Robinson & Co., were in business about 1838-'40.

TANNERIES.

In connection with his store, Peter Hefiey also sunk a tan-3'ard

466 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

on his yard in tlie rear of his store room, and exchanged goods for
hides, and in this manner carried on business for several years.
This was the first tan-yard at Washington, and started perhaps
shortly after he opened his store.

The next tannery of Washington was started by McQuita and
Stran, in about 1820, on the north corner of Court and IS'orth
streets. The business was continued five or six years.

In about 1838, Jesse L. Millikan started a tannery on Main
Street, near the C. & M. V. depot, on the site of the present dwell-
ing of James Ely, and carried on the business five or six years.

BLACKSMITH.

Henry Flecher, in about 1812, opened a blacksmith shop on the
south corner of Court and Fayette streets, where Hudson's jewelry
store now stands, which, if not the first, was among the very
earliest blacksmith shops in Washington. He carried on the busi-
ness at this point fifteen or twent}' years.

GENERAL FEATURES.

The following synopsis of life at Washington, its progress in
business, educational aftairs, and personnel of its citizens, is taken
from the Cincinnati Gazette :

It has always been a question why it was that this vilhige receiv-
ed the name of Washington. We can understand that C. H. stood
for Court House, but wdiy the Washington ? Was it in honor of
the capital city, or was it in honor of the father of his country,
because the then inhabitants were so truthfnl that, like George,
after cutting down his father's cherry tree, they could not tell a lie ?
Fayette County, of which it is the county-seat, was named for
Marquis de Lafayette, who so nobly fought for American liberty
by the side of the aforesaid George. It is a county abounding in
big farms, great wealth, and the fine culture of its inhabitants. It
is sometimes jocularly called Little Bristle, and thereby hangs
a tale — a tale of pigs. The following is the story: Its ter-
ritory was once a part of Ross County, and it was sliced off to form
Fayette. Now, in those early days in Ohio, it was a common
thing for the settlers to permit their hogs to run at large to feed
upon the nuts and acorns that were so plentiful in the forests. In

UNION TOWNSHIP. 467

time many of them became wild, and the ownership in such ceased.
These multiplied, and it became so that when a settler wanted
some pork, he would take down his gun and whistle up his dog,
and start for the brush to give chase to the wild hogs. Having
found one, his dog would chase it down, the settler would shoot it,
and pack it home to re[)lenish his larder. These hogs were long
leo:ged, with thin bodies like a suniish, and liad bristles along their
backs that stood up when the hogs were aroused like quills on the
back of a porcupine. This hunting of the wild hog continued so
long in the hills of Ross County that it became known as Big
Bristle, and when Fayette County was detached it at once took the
name of Little Bristle.

This has become quite a railroad center, by reason of the fore-
sight and enterprise of its business men. They were imbued with
a desire to build up their town, and hence let no opportunity slip
by of getting a railroad into the town. The first road was the
Muskingum Valley, then known as the C, W. & I. This was
built in 1853. Since, there are the Dayton & Southeastern and the
Springlield & Jackson. A narrow gauge road, known as the Cin-
cinnati, Washington & Columbus, has been projected and built. It
connects with the Cincinnati ISTorthern at Waynesville. The
Springfield & Jackson and the Dayton & Southeastern both tap the
coal fields in Southeastern Ohio, and as a result coal is placed in
the cellars of consumers at five cents per bushel less than to con-
sumers on the line of the M. Y. between Washington and Morrow,

Quite a good line of business is transacted. The grocery trade
is represented by Stimson Brothers, Brownell Brothers, George
Dahl, John Millikan & Co., C. L. Getz, and others. In dry goods,
Melvin, Silcott & Co., Craig Brothers, Mr. O'Brien, O. Wrensch,
Antrim & Eycke, E. Saul, and Glickman & Co. In books and
stationery, Richard Millikan, D. C. Foster & Co., and Henry Hilde-
brant. Mr. Millikan has been in the business for many years. For
fifteen years he was clerk of the court of this county. He is a son
of Jesse Millikan, one of the early settlers, who was the first clerk
of the county. Henr}' Hildebrant is an importation from Wib
mington, formerly of the house of J. & H. Hildebrant. He is also
engaged in the sale of sewing machines. In the drug line there
are O. A. Allen, H. W. Boyer, W. A. Harlow, H. C. Coffman, and
Brown Brothers; the latter an old firm, well established, and own-
ing another drug store in Wilmington. In grain dealers there are

468 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

J. D. Stiickey & Co., Draper & McElwaiiie, Burnett, Gillespie & Co.,
and Talbot & Co. In liver}^ there are the stables of George I. Bai-
ley, Foster & Fuller, and 0. S, Collins. There are but two hotels,
the Cherry House, and the Arlington. The latter is under the
management of ]VIessrs. Fuller & Owens, late of Delaware, Ohio.

In the way of newspapers, the business is perhaps overdone.
There is the Kepublican, edited by Mr. Gardner ; the Herald, by
Honorable AVilliara Millikan, now representing this county in the
legislature; and the Register, edited and published by H. V. & J.
D. Kerr. Mr. Millikan is one of the oldest newspaper men in the
state. Mr. H. V. Kerr is state librarian. His term will expire
March 17. J. D. Kerr is a son of H. V. Kerr. The two former
papers are Republican in polities, the latter Democratic.

The court house is a very plain structure, built of brick. It is
dark, damb, dingy, and dilapidated, and not at all in keeping with
the town. A new one is to be built in the course of a few years.
Judge Ace Gregg is on the bench holding court, and a grand jury
in session attended by the prosecuting attorney, F. G. Carpenter.
Of lawyers, there are more than two score, prominent among whom
are : M. Pavey, Mills Gardner, H. L. Hadley, H. B. Maynard, M.
J. Williams, C. A. Palmer. J. B. Priddy is judge of the probate
court.

The pride of Washington is its public schools. These are under
the care of Professor John P. Patterson, superintendent, one of the
ablest and most efficient educators in Ohio, assisted by the following
corps of teachers : Mr. E. H. Mark and Mrs. J. C. YonBuhlow,
principals of the high school : Misses Ella Sinks, Alma Kephart,
Tinnie Cleaveland, Lottie Cleav eland, and Emma McKee, teachers
in the grammar school ; and Misses Ella Pitzer, Anna Bell, Mollie
Foster, and Callie Wherrett, teachers in the primary department.
These are all teaching in one building: a large three story brick,
with a double stairway in the center leading to upper floors. In
that part of the town called Sunny Side, and which lies across the
creek, there is another school building — a neat, tidy brick — of two
rooms, wainscoted, airy, and comfortable, with vestibule for hang-
ing wraps, hats and caps. In these rooms are children of the pri-
mary department, under the tutelage of H. B. Maynard, jr., and
Miss Lida Pine. In another part of town is the colored school
building of two rooms, where they are two teachers emplo^^ed, Mr.
L. C. D. Anderson and Miss Florence G. Treat. Too much can

UNION TOWNSHIP. 469

not be said in praise of tlie scliools here. The discipline is excel-"
lent, the scholars intelligent, stndions, and obedient, and the teachers
kind, energetic, and painstaking. Six of the teachers are graduates
of the high school, and one, Miss Treat, of Colurnbus high school.
In connection with the school, and in nse by the teachers and
pnpils are a geological cabinet, philosophical and chemical appara-
tus, conchological cabinet, maps, globes, library, etc., which aftbrd
fine facilities for research and investigation.

The collectors office of the sixth district of Ohio is located here,
James Pursell being the collector. He was appointed in 1869, and
np to Jannary 1, 1881, had collected revenue to the amount of |7,-
338,989.27. The collections in 1880 aggregated |633,578.60. In
addition to this there are 17,432 packages of liquors in the bonded
warehouses in this district, on wdiicli tlie tax, if collected now,
would amount to $512,982. Under the law of March 1, 1879,
spirits can remain in bond three years before being taxed. Five
hundred and eighty-one barrels of apple brandy were manufactured
in this district last fall, the principal manufactory being at New
Richmond. Within the last year there has been exported from
this district 4,820 gallons of Avhisky, of which- 1,938 gallons went
to the Bermuda Islands, and 2,882 to New Brunswick.

A portion of this liquor goes to supply the saloons here, of which
there are twenty-five. This is the cloud that casts the only shadow
on the town. Turn on what street you may, near the central part
of town, and you see them with their painted glass in the windows,
and the screens near the doorway. It is sad to contemplate the
vast amount of vice and crime that flows from them. There is an
ordinance of the village that requires them to close up at 9 o'clock '
in the evening, but we are told that it is not enforced. Bo^s attend-
ing the public school have been knoAvn to patronize these places,
but as a consequence, they soon lose interest in the school and
finally drop out and never return. It is a sad and dreary feature
of this town.

OLD TIMES.

The following is from the Fayette County Herald of September
8, 1881 :

An old friend from the country, who has lived in the county
from the time of its organization, was sitting in our office the other

470 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

day, and looking across the street at the old Parvin building, which
was made of hewed logs and weather-boarded up, noticed that the
boards were torn off and the old logs exposed, said that his mind
was carried back sixty years or more, when the old log house was
occupied by the late John Popejoy as a tavern ; and, said he, " when
we youngsters used to come here to muster, we used to buy whisky
of John and pay him in Piatt shinplasters, and he would stick the
currency into a crack between the logs, and the mischievous young
soldiers would take the same currency from its depository and buy
more whisky with it from John."

This is the last old log relic of pioneer times we know of in
town, and it is now taking its departure from the ground it has so
long and so honorably occupied. It is an innocent old relic, but if
it could give a history of the varied scenes that have occurred in it
as the pioneer hotel of Washington, it might be of interest to the
generations of these modern days. Probabl}^ there may be found
some of Piatt's shinplasters yet remaining between its ancient tim-
bers. We understand that when the weather-boarding is entirely
removed from it, it is to be photographed.

THE PIONEER HOUSE.

The old house on the public square. Main Street front, known as
the "Parvin property," now being dismantled and stripped of the
weather-boarding, reveals to nearly three generations a two-story
hewed log house that was erected in 1811, from logs that were cut
from the ground upon which it stands. It is the last relic of the
pioneer days of the early settlement of Washington, which will
soon be numbered with the things of the past. Those who would
look upon a picture in real life of seventy years ago, will have to
do so soon, as Mr. P. S. Collins, who has bought it, will remove it
shortly. It was the first hotel in the place.

COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS.

February 25, 1831, an election was held at the court house, and
the foltowing officers were elected: Mayor, Benjamin Hinton; re-
corder, Calvin B. Woodruff; trustees, Thomas McGarraugh, Wil-
liam Halt, Jesse Millikan, Eber Patrick, and James Shivers.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 0 471

April 4, 1881, Daniel McLain was appointed treasurer, and Ar-
thur Mc Arthur was appointed marshal.

April 13, 1831, it was ordained that all grocers who wished to
sell spirituous liquors in less quantities than one quart, must first
obtain the privilege from the mayor by pa3'ing license of $3.75,

April 13, 1832. Resolved that stated meetings of council shall
be held on the first Mondays of June, September, December, and
March, of each year.

April 28, 1832, it was resolved not to license any person to re-
tail spirituous liquors from and after the first day of July next
(1832).

June 4, 1832, two mills to the dollar were levied on the taxable
property of the city for corporation purposes.

At same meeting an ordinance to prohibit shooting within the
city limits was passed, and the penalty for violation of the same
was fixed at one dollar.

March 15, 1833, the mayor and recorder were instructed to ad-
vertise for bids for the erection of a house on the west corner of
the public square.

March 19, 1833, Henry Phelps, Norman F. Jones, "Wade Loof-
borrow, and Jesse Millikan were allowed $9.37J for their interest
in the fire engine "Leo," which they purchased of W. H. 11. Pin-
ney.

April 13, 1833, it was decided to build a fire-engine house four-
teen feet long, eight feet wide, and eight feet high, and the contract
was awarded to Thomas, at thirty-nine dollars.

June 3, 1833, two mills were levied to the dollar on the taxable
property, for corporation purposes.

October 28, 1833, engine house received by council.

January 6, 1834, a committee was appointed to examine fire en-
gine, and order the same to be put in complete repair, and have ten
ladders made for the use of the corporation.

June 7, 1837, a levy of two mills made for corporation purposes.

June, 1838, levy of two mills made.

June 24, 1838, levy of two mills made.

August 10, 1839, John L. Vandeman was appointed marshal, to
fill vacancy occasioned by the death of David McLain.

Septeniber 30, 1839, John Saunders was appointed mayor,* to fill
vacancy occasioned by the removal of Dr. James M. Beard from
the corporation limits.

472 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

March 23, 1840, Joseph Bell was elected mayor, Orlando Loof-
borrow recorder, and Alfred S. Dickey, John Saunders, William
A. TuUeys, Nicholas Hays, and L. D. Willard, trustees.

March 3, 1840, Elam Hinton elected treasurer, and William P.
Eowe marshal.

April 8, 1840, it was decided to make extensive improvements on
the streets and alleys.

April 14, 1840, Joseph Bell tendered his resignation as mayor,
which was accepted, and Thomas Hall appointed to fill the vacancy.

April 17, 1840, Wade Loof borrow was appointed mayor, to fill
the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Colonel Bell. [From
this it would seem that Mr. Hall declined the appointment received
the 14th. — Writer.]

June 15, 1840, Fletcher Backenstow was appointed councilman
in place of L. D. Willard, who had removed from the city limits.

February 5, 1840, E. W. Turner appointed marshal to fill vacan-
cy caused by the removal beyond the corporation limits.

March 22, 1841, the following officers were elected: Mayor, John
McLain, jr.; recorder, William Halt; councilmen, Peter Windle,
Samuel McLain, Richard Smith, Joseph Blackmore, and Jeptha
Davis.

March 22, 1841, Orhindo Loof borrow was appointed to serve as
marshal, and Jared Plumb to serve as treasurer, till others could be
appointed.

June 5, 1841, William McElwain was appointed treasurer in stead
of Jared Plumb, who refused to serve longer.

August 11, 1841, twenty-one dollars appropriated to purchase a
plow and two scrapers for use of corporation.

August 19, 1842, it was ordained that all male citizens between
the ages of twenty-one and sixty years of age, living within the
corporation limits of the city, should perform two days' labor on
the streets of the village each year.

June 3, 1843, a levy of one mill was made for corporation pur-
poses.

March 21, 1845, ordinance adopted making it lawfid for three
months for citizens to kill any dog running at large on the streets
after 12 o'clock the following day. [That council ought to have
had a monument erected to its memory. — Writer.]

November 22, 1846, in order to protect property from -fire, an or-
dinance was passed making it unlawful to deposit ashes within ten

UNION TOWNSHIP. 473

feet of any building; also, it was ordered that the marshal inspect
all fire-places, and see that they were put in proper repair if in an
unsafe condition.

October 23, 1847, it was ordered that a walk be constructed across
Market Street ; one from Hinds Street, at the Presbyterian Church;
and from Fayette Street, adjacent to the property of N. Hay, to the
property of Peter Windle; said road walks to be four feet wide,
six inches deep in the middle of the street, and three inches at the
side.

August 7, 1848, adopted rules and regulations for the government
of Washington Fire Company, which was reorganized under act of
General Assembly, passed March 13, 1843.

August 15, 1848, ordimmce passed prohibiting hogs from roam-
ing at large within the corporation limits.

August 25, 1851, lioensie issued to J. M. June k Co., to exhibit
their "American and Europeaij Amphitheater" on August 8th, on
payment of ten dollars.

November 15, 1851, mayor and recorder were instructed to grant
the right of Avay on the north side of East Street to the Cincinnati,
Zanesville and Wilmington Railroad.

June, 1852, levy of three mills on taxable property of corpora-
tion was made.

June 29, 1852, ordinance passed to prohibit the sale of intoxi-
cants within the corporation limits.

December 2, 1852, $1,255 were ordered paid to ^Newman c*c Pritcli-
ard, of Cincinnati, for fire engine, hose reel and hose carriage.

January 7, 1853, paid William Burnett |25 for bringing engine,
hose, etc., from Cincinnati.

April 2, 1853, appropriated |150 for the building of a cistern,
to hold not less than one hundred and fifty barrels, at the crossing
of Main and Court streets.

June, 1853, two and one-half mills were levied on the dollar for •
corporation purposes.

August 23, 1853, passed ordinance regulating the buying and
selling of hay and grain, and establishing the ofiice of weigh mas-
ter.

March 3, 1855, an ordinance passed prohibiting the sale of intox-
icating liquors in the village of Washington. (This ordinance was
afterward declared to be in conflict with the state laws on this sub-
ject, and was decided ineftectual.)

474 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

On pages 240 and 241 of the minutes appear an ordinance creat-
ing permanently the office of street commissioner, but the date of
its passage is not given.

June 17, 1858, an ordinance was passed creating a special police,
enlarging the force to four, and defining their duties.

July 16,1858, an ordinance was passed making the flying of kites
within the city limits an offense, and fixing the penalty for the vio-
lation of the above ordinance at not less than fifty cents, nor more
than five dollars.

December 10, 1858, an ordinance was passed allowing the mayor
in certain cases that came before him for adjustment to appoint a
jury to sit upon the same.

At the same meeting an ordinance was passed requiring persons
oiiering goods at auction in the city of Washington, to pay into
the treasury a license of not less than five, nor more than twenty
dollars, at the discretion of the mayor, for said privilege.

December 17, 1858, an ordinance was passed allowing the mayor
to COMMIT ofifenders (the ordinance don't say where) who refuse to
pay the fines assessed against them.

December 6, 1859, an ordinance was passed making it an oft'ense
to create any loud or boisterous noise within the corporation limits
of the village of Washington, and imposing fines upon persons con-
victed of such misdemeanors of not less than two dollars, nor more
than twenty dollars, with costs of prosecution.

September 11, 1863, an ordinance was passed prohibiting swine
from running at large wdthin the city limits.

July 4, 1864, ordinance passed making it an oflfense to leave, or
cause to be left, any team, wagon, buggy, or other vehicle, or any
horse, mule, or other animal, on any street in the village within
thirty feet of any house or dwelling, or any fence in front of same,
without the consent of the owner of said premises, or hitch or fast-
en any horse or other animal to any ornamental or shade tree,
planted or growing along or upon any such street, any person shall,
upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than five dollars, nor less
than fifty cents, for each offense.

February 20, 1866, an ordinance was passed, submitting the ques-
tion of the annexation of certain territory to the village of Wash-
ington to the qualified voters of Washington, bounded and de-
scribed as follows: "Beginning at a stone in the line of John Van-
demau and Curran Millikan, where an elm bears S. 30° E. 16 links

UNION TOWNSHIP. 475

and 72 poles west of the west corner of said incorporated village ;
thence N. 46J°, E. 425 poles (crossing the Jamestown road at 34
poles and the Jeftersonville road at 208 poles) to a jack oak in the
line of M. A. Melvin and Lenox Campbell; thence S. 43F E. 340
(crossing the Columbus road at 150 poles and the Circleville Turn-
pike at 303 poles) to a stone on the line of Daniel McLean; thence
S. 46J° W. 425 poles (crossing the railroad at 88 poles and the low-
er Greenfield road at 244 poles) to a stone in Daniel McLean's pas-
ture, where a burr oak bears N. 66° E. 36 links, and a jack oak
bears S. 51° E. 48 links; thence I^. 43 J° W. 340 poles (crossing the
Greenfield road at 60 poles, aaid the Leesburg road at 162 poles,
and the turnpike at 186 poles) to the beginning thereof."

The above was submitted to the qualified voters of Washington
at the regular annual election in April, 1866, for their approval or
rejection.

February 11, 1867, ordinance passed making it unlawful to sell,
or offer for sale, or give away, any obscene literature, picture, or
statuary, bathe between sunrise in the morning and dark in the
evening, harbor any strumpet or whore, or misuse any animal, with-
in the corporate limits of Washington, and imposing fines not ex-
ceeding fifty dollars for said ofi:enses.

June 1, 1868, an ordinance was passed making it unlawful for
persons to hold familiar conversation with any common prostitute
on the streets, at fairs, or any public place or gathering, within the
limits of Washington, or to keep any house of infamy within the
corporate limits of said village, and imposing fines of not more
than thirty dollars, or imprisonment not more than ten days, or
both, at the discretion of the mayor.

July, 1868, ordinance passed punishing vagrancy and prostitution
within the city limits.

February 2, 1869, ordinance passed to prohibit ale and porter
shops, and other houses of resort for tippling and intemperance,
within the corporation limits. (This has since been repealed.)

April 16, 1870, ordinance passed requiring certain municipal offi-
cers to execute the following bonds before entering upon the duties
of their respective offices: Mayor, one thousand dollars; marshal,
two thousand dollars ; and the clerk, one thousand dollars.

May 24, 1870, ordinance passed authorizing the destruction of
gaming implements found within city limits ; also, ordinance passed
closing business places on Sunday.

476 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. <i

August 15, 1870, ordinance passed requiring persons running
hack coaches, or omnibuses, first to obtain a license from the mayor
for such privilege.

October 10, 1870, ordinance requiring owners of shade trees to
keep the same trimmed to the height of not less than eight feet
from the ground, and imposing fines of not less than one dollar,
nor more than five, for the neglect of the above requirements.

October 10, 1870, ordinance passed to prohibit the running at
large of vicious dogs on the streets of Washington, and fixing the
penalty of the owners of such animals, in case of the violation of
the above ordinance, at not less than two dollars, nor more than
dollars, and costs of prosecution.

January 2, 1875, ordinance passed establishing a board of health
in Washington Court House, and to define the duties of said board.

February 20, 187-, ordinance passed authorizing the removal of
members of council, or any elective ofiicers of Washington, for any
malfeasance in their ofiacial duties. Section 2 of the above ordi-
nance provides that charges shall be preferred in writing, and may
be made by council, or any three citizens of the village.

March 8, 1875, ordinance passed to punish vagrancy, disturbance
of the peace, and to apprehend and confine suspicious characters.

May 11, 1875, ordinance passed permitting the Washington Gas
Light Company to establish works within the city.

January 10, 1876, ordinance passed supplementary to an ordinance
entitled "An Ordinance to Punish Vagrancy," etc., passed March
25, 1875.

March 16, 1876, ordinance fixing the salaries and regulating the
fees of mayor, marshal, and clerk, which are as follows : Mayor,
two hundred dollars ($200) per year, with such fees as are allowed
by law ivhe7i the fines are collected; marshal, three hundred dollars
($300), and such fees as may be allowed by law ; clerk, two hun-
dred dollars ($200) per year.

May 8, 1876, ordinance passed amending the ordinance of March
25, 1875.

May — , 1876, ordinance creating the oflice of street commissioner,
and regulating the duties thereof.

August — , 1876, ordinance passed regulating the sale of intoxi-
cating liquors in Washington Court House.

August 14, 1876, ordinance passed to punish fast driving or rid-
ing through the streets of Washington,

UNION TOAVNSIIIP. 477

January 14, 1878, ordinance passed regulating the price of gas
furnished by the Washington Gas Light Company.

At tlie same meeting an ordinance was passed creating the office
of city solicitor, and to provide for the election of said officer.

October 14, 1878, ordinance passed punishing vagrancy, disturb-
ers of the peace, and suspicious characters.

October 17, 1878, ordinance passed for the suppression of houses
of ill-fame within the city limits.

July 28, 1879, ordinance passed to regulate the use of vehicles
about the railroad depots, and to prevent disturbance and disorder-
1}' conduct, and to protect travelers in and about said depots.

January 22, 1880, ordinance passed to regulate and license auc-
tioneering, hawking, peddling, and huckstering in the incorporate
village of Washington Court House.

March 11, 1880, ordinance passed authorizing the annexation to
Washington of certain territory lying contiguous thereto.

RELIANCE FIRE ENGINE, HOOK AND LADDER, AND HOSE COMPANY.

The organization of this company took place at the court house,
Friday evening, September 20, 1872. W. G. Gould was made tem-
porary chairman of the meeting, and C. J. Bell, secretary. An
election of officers was held, which resulted as follows :

President, E. B. Updegrove ; vice president, A. Black ; secretary,
F. D. Bradley ; treasurer, A. Hamilton ; foreman of engine de-
partment, H. K. Lidy ; assistant foreman of engine department,
James Calkins ; foreman of hose department, A. J. Jennings ; as-
sistant foreman of hose department, Z. T. Johnson ; foreman of
hook and ladder department, William Deson ; assistant foreman of
hook and ladder company, William Hettesheimer. The roll book
shows one hundred and ninety-two signers to the constitution.

October 11, 1872, the following uniforms were adopted : Round
top hat of heavy leather, tlannel shirt, and black leather belt.

Kovember 4, 1872, the city was divided into four fire wards;
Court Street being the dividing line. The first ward composed of
that portion of the city lying north of Court Street and east of
Fayette ; the second ward consisted of the territory lying north of
Court and west of Fayette ; the third occupied that part of the
city lying south of Court and west of Fayette ; and the*fonrth com-
prised the remainder of the corporation lying south of Court and
east of Fayette.

478 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

At the same meeting the president was authorized to order trum-
pets for the use of the foreman of each department. Compensation
of steward was temporarily fixed at seventy-five dollars per annun*,
and it was resolved that honorary memhers would be admitted to
the company by the applicant paj'ing five dollars into the treasury.

jSTovember 18, 1872, the following uniform was adopted : En-
gine department, red shirts trimmed in blue ; hook and ladder
department, blue shirt trimmed in red ; hose department, red shirt
trimmed in buff,

December 2, 1872, the office of foreman of hose department was
declared vacant.

January 6, 1873, A. J. Jennings was re-elected foreman of hose
department. At the same meeting, it was resolved that the fire
company give a ball at Fireman's Hall, February 21, 1873,

January 21, 1873, Chillicothe band was engaged at thirty-eight
dollars, and expenses, to play at the ball.

February 6, 1873, company met to make arrangements to attend
in a body the funeral of brother firemen, James T. Gould. Also
resolutions of respect to the deceased brother and condolence to
the family were passed, and sent to the bereaved friends.

March 30, 1873, John Miser, treasurer of dance committee, re-
ported the following : Receipts, $120.25 ; expenses, $99.75 ; profit,
$20.50,

April 7, 1873, A. J. Jennings, foreman of hose department, re-
signed.

May 5, 1873, apparatus taken out and company drilled one-half
hour. At the same meeting, J. W. Duffee was elected foreman of
hose department by acclamation.

July 8, 1873, the Sabbath-schools of West Lancaster and Staun-
ton, were awarded mottoes from the fire company for their atten-
dance at the celebration of the fourth — the presentation being
made by W, C. Gould. In return for this the Staunton school
gave the fire company a picnic.

December 1, 1873, it was decided to hold a fair at the hall during
the holidays. The following committee was appointed to solicit
subscriptions to the enterprise in the city proper : A. Hamilton,
George Ely, George Miles, G. W. Gossard, John Bentz, and W. C.
Gould. J. P. Wyott was selected as a committee of one to solicit
aid in that clelectable part of the town, known then by the euphon-
ious title of " BuUtail."

UNION TOWNSHIP.

479

June 1, 1874, it was resolved to celebrate the Fourth of July in an
appropriate manner. At the same meeting, A. Hamilton resigned
as treasurer and F. D.Bradley was elected by acclamation to fill
the vacancy.

January 4, 1875, company requested council to provide steam
fire engine in place of the Babcock engine in use till then by the
department, which was granted by the council.

January 25, 1875, special meeting was called to make arrange-
ments to attend the funeral of brother M. Blanch ard. A committee
of three, consisting of C. A. Palmer, Samuel W. Stuckey, and A.
W. Black, was appointed to draft resolutions appropriate to the
memory of the deceased brother.

April 5, 1875, services of steward and office engineer inaugurated.

A ball was given by the company at their hall, February 22,
1876.

March 1, 1876, treasurer reported |22.92 net profits from the ball ;
the total receipts being |65.10 ; and expenses $44.18.

March 13, 1876, Samuel W. Stuckey, treasurer, made the follow-
ing financial report.

CASH RECEIPTS.

November 1, 1875, from F. D. Bradley, ex-treas., $79.49
December 11, 1875, " E. B. Updegrove, 75.00

March 11, 1876, from E. B. Updegrove, and com-
mittee on dance, 20.00— $174.49

DISBURSEMENTS.

November 2, 1875, to J. B. Wyott,

" 6, " " T. Nitterhouse,

December 11, " " S. N. Yeoman,
January 3, 1876, " George P. Barnes,

Balance on hand.

$5.00
18.40
22.81
8.00—$ 53.71

$120.78

April 12, 1876, department adopted new constitution and by-laws,
and one hundred copies of the same were ordered printed for use
of the company.

June 11, 1876, met to make arrangements to celebrate the Fourth,
but M. Barclay stated that the citizens desired to celebrate the day

480 ttiStORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

in the old fasliioued wa}', and that the company was requested not
to turn out as an organization.

July 11, 1876, motion to disband compan}; lost. At the same
meeting the following resolutions were passed :

Whereas, Et appears that it is distasteful, or obnoxious to many
of the citizens of Washington, that card playing is permitted in
the engine house; and believing as w^e do, that it is the dut}' of
every good citizen to observe a due and proper respect for the
opinions of others; therefore, be it

Resolved by this comjxiny, that no more card playing be allow-
ed in the engine house, nor on the premises thereof.

September 1, 1876, the department in full uniform attended the
funeral of Captain Samuel W. Stuekey, late treasurer of the com-
pany.

December 4, 1876, it was decided to give a free ball, to which a
limited number of tickets were issued to the members of the com-
pany and the municipal officers of the city.

January 3, 1877, decided to hold a ball February 22, 1877.

March 5, 1877, treasurer reported |4.30 net receipts from the
dance.

June 4, 1877, it was decided to purchase new uniforms, and com-
mittee appointed to select the same. At same meeting it was agreed
to celebrate the Fourth in appropriate manner. Also, official seal
was changed from " Reliance Fire Department" to Washington
department.

June 18, 1877, Wittrock & Co., of Cincinnati, were awarded the
contract of manufacturing five dozen pair of pants, at five dollars
per pair, for the members of the department.

July 31, 1877, special meeting held, and arrangements made to
attend the funeral of J. W. Cleveland at 3 o'clock p. m., on 1st of
August.

August 1, 1877, resolutions of respect to memory of Cleveland,
and condolence to the bereaved relatives were passed.

December 3, 1877, committee appointed to procure one copy
daily of the Cinchmati Enquirer, and weekly copies of the Burling-
ton Hcuokeye and Detroit Free Press, to be kept in the engine house
for the use of the members of the department.

December 14, 1877, special meeting, to arrange to attend the fun-
eral of brother M. Blackmore. Resolutions of respect, etc., passed.

January 6, 1879, a vote of thanks was taken to J. B. Hudson, for

UNION TOWNSHIP. 481

a beautiful clock preseuted to the company by that gentleman. At
same meeting, a literary society was formed within the ranks of
lire department.

May 11, 1879, E. B. Updegrove, who had served as chief of the
company since its organization, tendered his resignation of that
office, which was accepted, and J. B. Colier and Bowman Hess were
appointed to till vacancy.

May 22, 1879, special meeting to make arrangements to attend
the funeral of C. C. Larrimer. Resolutions of respect to deceased
brother passed.

June 2, 1879, Bowman lless was elected to fill tlie vacancy oc-
casioned by the resignation of E. B. Updegrove.

July 5, 1880, Captain E. B. Updegrove, after serving as a mem-
ber of the department eight years, six years as its chief, tendered
his resignation as a member of the company, which was not ac-
cepted.

December 6, 1880, it was agreed to hold a fair during the holi-
days.

March 7, 1881, Captain E. B. Updegrove, on account of impaired
health resulting from wounds received in the services of his country
in the late war, requested his name dropped from the company,
whioh was finally agreed to.

April 13, 1881, at a special meeting, Mr. Fuller stated that he
had raised from the citizens of Washington Court House, the sum
of 1148.25, to which he added his individual check for $25.00, mak-
ing in all $173.25, which he presented to the fire company for its
excellent services during the recent series of fires. Donation ac-
cepted with tlianks.

May 2, 1881, it was decided to observe the Fourth in an appro-
priate manner.

List of officials since organization of the company with date of
election :

September 20, 1872, president, F. B. Updegrove; vice president,
F. D. Bradley ; treasurer, A. Hamilton.

September 1, 1873, president, E. B. Updegrove ; vice president,
A. Black ; secretary, J. B. Koontz ; treasurer, A. Hamilton.

September 7, 1874, president, E. B. Updegrove ; vice president,
C. A. Palmer ; secretary, George P. Barnes ; treasurer, Frank D.
Bradley.

September 6, 1875, president, E. B. Updegrove ; vice president,

482 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Hon. I. T. Sever ; secretary, George P. Barnes ; treasurer, Samuel
W. Stuckey.

September 3, 1876, chief, E. B. Updegrove ; vice president, Wil-
liam Hettisheimer ; secretary, George P. Barnes ; treasurer, James
M. McCoy.

September 3, 1877, chief, E. B. Updegrove ; vice president, J. B.
Colier ; secretary, George P. Barnes ; treasurer, James M. McCoy.

September 3, 1878, chief, E. B. Updegrove ; vice president, J. B.
Colier ; secretary, W. R. Bell ; treasurer, J. M. McCoy ; engineer,
I>. M. Thurston.

September 1, 1879, chief, J. B. Colier; vice president, WilUam
Hettisheimer ; secretary, George P. Barnes ; treasurer. Bowman
Hess.

September 6, 1880, chief, J. B. Colier ; vice president, William
Hettisheimer ; secretary, W. E. Bell ; treasurer, J. B. Koontz.

TOWNSHIP REMINISCENCES.

From an old volume in the possession of M. Herbert:

By gleanings from the records of Union Township, this county,
(1833 to 1843,) we are enabled to present the following memoranda,
which will no doubt prove interesting to our readers. The perusal
thereof will tend to refresh the memory of many of our older
citizens in recalling to mind incidents of the days langsyne. And
to "Young America" of to-day, how suggestive of the great
change in civil and municipal affairs must the brief mention be!

April 27, 1833, Thomas Holland received |6, Henry Baughan
$4.50, and Henry Blystone |5.25, for services as township trustees
for the previous year. On settlement, same day, with J. S. Bere-
man, as township treasurer, there was shown to be due the town-
ship, in notes, |32.45|; and Mr. Bereman was allowed the munifi-
cent sum of two dollars for services as treasurer for the years 1831
and 1832 !

At a meeting of the trustees, held May 31st, C. B. Woodruff"
and Z. W. Heagler were each allowed seventy-five cents for services
as clerks at the April election ; and Daniel McLean was allowed
$3.75 for services as township clerk in 1832. A levy of two mills
on the dollar, on all taxable property, was ordered the same day,
for township and poor purposes.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 483

October 19, 1833, an order was issued to Elon Heukle for 12.12^,
aud to Wade Loof borrow for $2, for services as overseers of the
poor. The township trustees, in 1833, Avere Daniel Bush, Henry
Blystone, and George Henkle.

January 11, 1834, James Vance notified the trustees that his
term of office as justice of the peace would expire April 1st of that
year.

January 25th, Membrance Blue was allowed seventy-five cents
for services as clerk at the spring election in 1829 ; and Mathias
VanDeman and Wade Loof borrow received an order for $1.50
each, for two days' services as overseers of the poor. Thomas
McGarraugh was allowed $2.75, same day, for medical services in
a jDauper case.

March 3d, James Allen was allowed $2 for services as overseer
of the poor in 1830.

April 10th, a summons was issued to S. Hamilton, constable, to
notify those elected to township offices for the year 1834, to qualify
within ten days from the date of election. William Hill qualified
as township clerk the same day, before 8. F. Yeoman, justice of
the peace. April 12th, Daniel Bush and George Henkle took oath
as trustees. On the 16th, James Vance qualified as trustee, and
William Hawk as overseer of the poor.

On the 26th of the same month the trustees, at a meeting held
at the court house in Washington, appointed John L. Perkins and
Thomas Holland overseers of the poor, in place of Lawson P. Reid
and William H. Boggs, who failed to qualify ; and Messrs. Reid
and Boggs were fined $2 each for refusing to serve.

Jacob Snider, Z. W. Heagler, Robert Simpson, John Grubbs,
Ezekiel Timmons, William Stittsworth, Samuel Jones, Jacob Jam-
ison, Joseph Orr, Jacob Harper, and Joseph Bloomer, were chosen
and appointed road supervisors in 1834.

April 26th, the trustees examined and approved the bond of N.
F. Jones as justice of the peace; also bond of L. J. Wood as con-
stable; and api^ointed Elon Henkle treasurer, William Clark not
having qualified. The same day Jesse Millikan, William Hill, and
F. M. Penland, were appointed fence viewers, in place of William
Rush, Reuben Pursell, and Micajah Draper, who failed to qualify.

May 31st, on settlement with William Clark, as township treas-
urer, it was shown that the orders redeemed during 1833 amounted
to $237.27, and that there was due the township, in notes, $26.72.

484 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

Mr. Clark received |7.23 for services as treasurer during the pre-
ceding year.

A tax levy of two mills on the dollar, for township and poor
purposes, was ordered May 31st. S. Dempsey filed commission as
justice of the peace the same day.

June 23d, the trustees apportioned funds for road purposes as fol-
lows: For improvement of Wilmington road, |50; Hillsborough,
$35; Leeshurg, $30; Xenia, |12; and the 18th and 19th days' of
July following were designated as days to award contracts.

November 28, Wade Loofborrow was allowed |2.50 for legal
advice in a putative case of illegitimacy.

December 3d, Jacob Glaze was appointed school director in dis-
trict Xo. 3.

January 17, 1835, George Henkle having removed from the town-
ship, Isaac Jenkins was appointed trustee to fill vacancy.

March 2d, on settlement with the treasurer, it was shown that
Union Township received from the county treasury |220.31. The
balance in the township treasury the same day was $78.48 in cash,
and $9.45 in notes; total, $87.93.

April 11, Robert Robinson received $12.50 for legal services.
" There was a woman in the case," and a distant relative (as " all
the world is kin") of Captain John Smith, of Pocahontas' time,
was an interested party. James Vance, Daniel Bush, and James
Shivers, took oath of oflice as trustees the same da}'. William
Hawk qualified as fence viewer and overseer of the poor, Joseph
Blackmore as treasurer, and F. M. Penland and Samuel Hamilton
as constables.

April 18tli, Mathias Van Deman qualified as overseer of the
poor, and Thomas Holland was appointed overseer in place of John
Woodruti:". A tax levy of two mills on the dollar was ordered the
same day.

June 2d, Robert Wilson was appointed overseer of the poor, to
fill vacancy.

August 1st, the trustees appointed John McLain township clerk
pro tem., to fill vacancy occasioned by William Hill having been
declared incapacitated to discharge the duties of the oflice. '

March 7, 1836, the trustees settled with the township treasurer,
and found the cash in his hands to be $183.43 ; notes $75. 88^ ; total,
$259. 3I5. Messrs. Bush, Shivers, and Vance were allowed $4.50
each the same day, for services as trustees, and John McLain re-
ceived $3.50 for services as township clerk.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 485

April 4tli, an appropriation of $50 was made for road-scrapers,
for township use. Ten were fiiriiislied by Micajah Draper, at live
dollars each. James Shivers was allowed seventy-five cents for
services in procuring the scrapers.

Samuel Hamilton qualified as township clerk on the 5th of April,
J. L. Van Deman took oath as fence viewer on the 9th, and Joseph
Blackmore qualified as treasurer.

John Sanders, constable, made return on the ](3th, that he had
notified the township ofiicers elect to qualify according to law, for
which service he was allowed one dollar.

May 7th, James Heaton was allowed fifteen dollars for medical
services rendered a famil}' which had become a township charge,
and Benjamin Ilenton received four dollars for like services. The
same day. Berry Stewart, "a man of color," was allowed one dollar
for digging the grave of a township charge.

May 28th, a tax levy of two mills on the dollar was ordered.

July 30th, the township trustees (James Shivers, Isaac Jenkins,
and Benjamin Ilenton) ordered appropriations for road purposes,
as follows: To improve Leesburg and Snow Hill road, |40 ; Wil-
mington, I43.46J ; Xenia, |15; Devalon,$15; Columbus, $25 ; Cir-
cleville, |50; Greenfield, |30; Hillsborough, |30. Benjamin Hol-
land was appointed constable the same day, to fill vacancy occa-
sioned by the removal of John Sanders.

March 6, 1837, the trustees settled with the township treasurer,
when it was shown that after deducting his fees ($21.22) there was
a cash balance in his hands of $189. 74|, and notes amounting to
8?92.84i; total, $282.59. Daniel Bush was allowed seventy-five
cents the same day, for services as trustee in 1835.

April 4th, L. D. AVillard qualified as constable, and Orlando Loof-
borrow as township clerk. The same day Merrit Jamison Avas
allowed $1.50 for services as judge, and A. S. Dickey a like sum,
for services as clerk at annual election. A summons was issued to
L. D. Willard, constable, the same day, commanding him to sum-
mon Arthur McArthur to take oath of office as constable ; also,
Jared Sexton, Stephen Baxter, and Daniel McLean, to take oath as
trustees; Joseph Blackmore, as treasurer; J. Scott, Jacob Jamison,
E. Taylor, G. W. Richey, David Morrison, J. Vance, P. Fultz. W.
Baker, J. Fisk, Aaron Melvin, and Joseph Gillespie, as road super-
visors; S. A, Smyth and J. A. Millikan, as overseers of the poor;
N. H. Heaton, James Vance, and John Rankin, as fence viewers;

486 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

and Robert Robinson, Wade Loof borrow, and Alfred S. Dickey,
as school exarniners.

April 12th, L. D. Willard was allowed five dollars for services as
constable, in notifying those elected to office April 3d to qualify.
A certification records S. F. Yeoman as mayor of Washington at
that time.

Curran Millikan was appointed fence viewer, April 12th, in place
of John Rankin, who refused to serve; for which refusal Mr. Ran-
kin was fined two dollars.

On the 3d of May following, Mr. Millikan refusing to serve, he
was fined two dollars, and Membrance Blue was appointed to fill
vacancy. Mr. Blue qualified on the 12th of the same month. In
choosing men to discharge the duties of the office of fence viewer,
a good deal of humor was indulged in. At times the question of
height would determine who should be elected — one being chosen
to discharge the duties of the office because tall, another because
short in stature; one to look over, the other under the fences. The
office, too, was one not much sought, and hence men were frequent-
ly chosen through a spirit of vindictiveness.

The bonds of N. F. Jones and Joseph Bell, as justices of the
peace, were examined and approved May 27th, and a tax levy of
half a mill on the dollar, for township and poor purposes, was or-
dered the same day.

March 5, 1838, the trustees settled with Joseph Blackmore, treas-
urer, when it was shown that the total funds which had been re-
ceived by him since the previous settlement, amounted to $368.80.
Deducting disbursements made during the same period ($306.76),
the cash balance remaining in his hands was $62.04. He also held
notes amounting to 186. 59J.

April 3d, James Pursell and Samuel Millikan were each allowed
$1.50 for services as clerks at the annual spring election.

April 14th, Joseph Bell, justice of the peace, certified that John
C. Eastman took oath as overseer of the poor; also, that Edward
Smith, Jacob Jamison, James Allen, and Edward Taylor, took oath
as road supervisors.

A tax levy of one mill on the dollar was ordered on the 29th of
April.

During the same month Reuben Pursell, Jared Sexton, and Mi-
cajah Draper, took oath of office as township trustees, George East-
erbrook qualified as township clerk, and John Sanders was com-
missioned justice of the peace.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 487

October 13th, James Beatty was appointed supervisor of the Cir-
cleville and ChiUicothe roads, in place of George Rodgers, de-
ceased; and Thomas Holhmd was appointed overseer of the poor,
in place of Dr. Jennings, who had removed.

A special election for justice of the peace was called December
15th, to fill vacancy occasioned by the death of Samuel Loof-
borrow.

During April, 1839, William Hill qualified as township clerk;
James Pursell and IN'athan Kimball, as fence viewers; Jacob Jami-
son, James M. Smith, John Jackson, James Greenlee, Thomas Sex-
ton, Isaac Jenkins, David Webster, John Judy, John Coil, G. W.
Richey, Peter Carder, and James Pursell, as road supervisors; Jo-
seph Blackmore, as treasurer; O. Loof borrow and L. D. Willard,
as constables ; Robert Wilson and James Grubbs, as overseers of
the poor.

May 4th, L. D. Willard, constable, was allowed ll.37| for adver-
tising spring election, and serving a notice for overseers of the
poor. The same day G. W. Easterbrook was allowed $10.31i for
services as tewnship clerk in 1838.

May 30, 1839, the township trustees (Daniel McLean, M. Draper,
and Reuben Pursell) ordered a tax levy of four mills on the dollar,
for township and poor purposes.

At a meeting held in July, the trustees appointed William Led-
with township clerk, in place of William Hill, who had left the
county.

April 10, 1840, J. L. Van Deman was sworn in as township clerk,
and on the 13th of the same month Daniel McLean, Reuben Pur-
sell, and James Allen, took oath as trustees. During the same
month Clarence Parvin qualified as overseer of the poor; James
Pursell and J. B. Webster, as constables; John Irion, as justice of
the peace; Joseph Blackmore, as treasurer.

June 1st, the trustees ordered a levy of four mills on the dollar,
for township and poor purposes.

July 20th. Clarence Parvin and Richard Evans, as overseers of
the poor, through James Pursell, constable, caused notice to be
served on various persons (in summons named) to depart the town-
ship, so that they might not become "charges" thereon.

In April, 1841, Reuben Pursell, Daniel Bush, and James N. Wil-
son, qualified- as trustees; clerk, James C. Bell; overseers of the
poor, J. S. Bereman and Clarence Parvin.

488 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

May 23(1, a tax levy of four mills on the dollar was ordered.

August 28th, William MjcElwaiu was appointed overseer of the
poor, in place of Clarence P^rvin, resigned.

September 11th, Daniel McLean and Joseph Bell were, on peti-
tion, " attached to the school district composed of corporation of
the town of Washington."

OctoVjer 30th, William Holt, James N. Wilson, and Joseph Black-
more, were appointed school directors for the corporation.

March 7, 1842, Joel S. Bereman was allowed $5.50 for printing.
The same day, Curran Millikan, Lydia Millikan, and Micajah Dra-
per, were attached to the school district composed of the corpora-
tion of Washington.

By order of the trustees, through 0. Loofborrow, constable, no-
tice was given to the electors of the township, March 11, 1842, that
they proceed to elect township officers on the 4th day of April next
ensuing, as follows : Three trustees, two constables, one treasurer,
one clerk, two overseers of the poor, three fence viewers, and fifteen
road supervisors..

April 2d, it was shown by settlement with Joseph Blackmore,
treasurer, that there was no unappropriated money in his hands.

On the 5tli of the same month, John L. Yan Deraan took oath of
office as township clerk, and James Pursell, Peter Wendel, B. Mar-
tin, and N. Bush, were allowed two dollars each for services as
judges and clerks at the annual spring election.

Micajah Draper, James' N. Wilson, and Daniel Bush, took oath
as trustees on the 6th.

J. S. Bereman and William McElwain filed certificates on the
12th as overseers of the poor, and Joseph Blackmore qualified as
treasurer the same day.

May 31st, the trustees ordered a tax levy of four mills on the
dollar.

December 10th, it is recorded that the trustees, ',' after examining
the books of Union Township, including the entire record of said
township, they have authorized the clerk to procure a book for the
township, and to examine all the records, and place all matters of
business, of different kinds, in separate books." A good idea.
The accounts ought to be so kept, in ledger form, as that, at any
time, it could readily be seen what the amount paid the several
township officers, for services rendered, may be ; and so, in like
manner, should it be shown what the expenditures for specific pur-
poses have been.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 489

Union Township received from the county treasiii-y, during the
year 1880, $12,738.83; from other sources, 1100; total receipts,
$12,838.83. The expenditures for the year, we suppose, will be
about the same.

The trustees now, are Jacob Dahl, Micajah Draper, and William
Brannon. W. H. Dial is township clerk.

A few years ago, owing, it is stated, to a weak point in, or con-
struction put upon the law then in force, the raids on the township
•treasury were frequent, and the township officers enjoyed "a feast
of fat things." The township clerk, at the time alluded to, re-
ceived about seven hundred dollars for a year's services (some place
the figures considerably higher), and the fees of the trustees, in
like manner, were on a pretty' liberal scale, while the physicians
who then gave special attention to the poor, in the medical line,
reaped a rich harvest. They all manifested a very tender regard
for " the dear people." The fees of township trustees and clerks
are now. limited. They are each allowed $1.50 per day for each
day's service rendered; but their total fees during the year, out of
the township funds, must not exceed $150 each. Under the law
now existing, it is argued that injustice is done officers in townships
wherein county seats are situated, as in such localities attention to
the discharge of duty requires special and almost daily attendance
on the part of the trustees. and clerk.

CHUECHES.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The Methodist Episcopal Church at Washington w^as organized
at the solicitation of John Bohran, during the summer of 1817,
by John Solomon and Thomas Carr, at the house of Robert Wil-
son. Through the courtesy of Mr. John Trimble, of Columbus,
Ohio, we have been furnished with the following list of ministers
that harve preached here since the organization of the society :

John Solomon and Thomas Carr, 1818; William P. Finley, 1819;
Andrew McLain, 1820; D. D, Davidson, 1821; James Smith, 1822;
John Summerville and James Smith, 1823; Benjamin Laurence

490 HISTOKY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

and George Gatch, 1824; Andrew F. Baxter, 1825-6; Z. West-
lake, 1827; James T. Donahoe and Jesse Prior, 1830 ; Augustus
Eddy and William T. Snow, 1831 ; William T. Snow and Henry
Turner, 1832. I^anie clianged to Washington Circuit in 1832.
James Turner and E. M. Dailey, 1833 ; E. T. Webster and Lester
James, 1834; E. T. Webster and John Rogers, 1835; C. C. Ly-
hand and J. A. Brown, 1836; S.Clarke and E. Estell, 1837; Eli
Truett and Joseph M. Smith, 1838; James Laws and Henry Whar-
ton, 1839; James Laws and B. A. Cassat, 1840; Joseph A. Reeder
and B. A. Cassat, 1841 ; John Fitch and O. P. Williams, 1842 ;
N"oah Hough, 1843 . N. Hough and Martin Wolf, 1844 ; John W.
Keeley and B. N. Spahr, 1845 ; John W. Keeley and V. Beemer,
1846; J. B. Auston and Archibald Flemming, 1847; J. B. Austin,
1848; T. W. Chandler and S. Haines, 1849; Samuel Brown and
M. G. Baker, 1850 ; M. G. Baker, S. Middleton, and J. C. Reed,
1851 ; Barton Lowe and H. F. Green, 1852 ; B. Lowe and William
Sutton, 1853; Moses T. Bowman and W. Sutton, 1854; L P. Mor-
ris and J. T. P. Williams, 1855-6. It was constituted a station, with
one hundred and sixty-seven members, and Thomas H. Phillips was
pastor in 1868-9 ; Henry T. Magill, 1860-61 ; Isaac Cook, 1862-3 ;
E. H. Dixon, 1864; E. P. Hall, 1865-6 ; J. B. Brodreck, 1867-8-9;
G. F. King, 1870-71; Samuel A. Keene, 1872-3; A. C. Hirst,
1874-5; James H. Gardner, 1877-8-9 ; W. D. Chemingten, 1880;
T. M. Leslie.

The following have been presiding elders: From 1828 to 1831,
John Collins; from 1831 to 1833, Augustus Eddy; 1833, John
Ferree; 1834, J. B. Finley; 1836, James Quinn; 1839, M. Mailay;
1841, Z. Connell; 1843, William Summers ; 1847, David Kemper;
1849, Cyrus Brooks; 1851, J. M. Jameson ; 1852, John W. Clarke;
1856, Joseph M. Trimble; 1860, D. D. Mathers; 1861, Z. Connell;
1864, Wilham Porter; 1868, Thomas H. Phillips; 1872, Isaac F.
King; 1876, J. S. H. Creighton ; 1880, Wellington Harvey.

After the organization of the society, in 1817, services were held
part of the time at the old court house, and a part of the time at
the residence of some of the congregation till 1828. In that year
the brick school on Market Street, now a part of the residence of
Richard Millikan was completed, and was occupied by this con-
gregation for church purposes till 1834, when the brick church on
the north corner of Main and Market streets was built. This was
an immense structure for a village like Washington in those days ;

UNION TOWNSHIP. 491

its dimensions, according- to the best authority on the suljject, being
about the same as those of the present Methodist Church on the
corner of Market and N"orth streets. As the walls of this building
were considered unsafe, it was never completed on the inside, and
on account of its unlinished condition — liaving nothing but a brick
floor, and being without ceiling or plastering — it could be occupied
during the summer months only, and in three years was abandoned
entirely. From this time till 1845, the society occupied the court
house and the Presbyterian Church, when a frame church on Mar-
ket, between Fayette and Korth streets, now occupied as a residence
by William Weller and E. Saul, was erected and occupied till 1866,
when the present church was completed at a cost including interest,
of about fourteen thousand dollars. In 1870, this building was re-
painted and frescoed at a considerable expense, and the house
which is about 50x80, is perhaps the most valuable church property
in Washington.

MOUNT OLIVE METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH.

The organization of this society was effected, in 1829, by the
Rev. Father Dobbins of Jamestown, Greene County, Ohio, and at
first consisted of the following members :

Henry Burnett and wife, Thomas Burnett and wife, Peter Fultz
and wife, John Coile and wife, and George Hinkle and wife.

For fourteen years services were held in the winter season at the
different dwellings of the members, and in summer, in barns and
in the groves — "God's first Temples" — Father Dobbins removing
from Jamestown at stated periods to minister to his small congre-
gation. In 1831, he removed to the banks of Sugar Creek, four
miles west of Washington, and settled in the midst of his small
flock, in whose interest he labored assiduously till his death, which
occurred January 13, 1860, at the advanced age of ninety-two years,
eight months and twenty-three days. He was a man of superior
talents, oratory and energy, and represented Greene and Fayette
counties each two terms in the Ohio Legislature. His life has been
written by the Rev. Charles Caddy.

In 1843, this little congregation, with the help of some outsiders,
erected a large hewed log church, on the banks of Sugar Creek,
on land owned by Daniel Bush, which was dedicated as a Methodist
Protestant Church, but which was named " Union Church," as it

492 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

was understood that when not occupied by the Methodist Protes-
tant Church, it was to be free to any and all other denominations.
Though the membership increased slowly, yet the pioneer Chris-
tian did not falter in his duty, and their hopes that the future would
bring a glorious reward to their labors were fully realized in 1848,
when a glorious revival occurred, which gathered into the church
many of the young married people of the neighborhood, and also
several of the older people. That revival is still remembered with
gratitude by the few surviving members, as one of the most happy
Christian experiences of their lives. Though at this time Father
Dobbins was eighty years of age, yet his mind was as active and
powerful as ever, and he labored day and night at this meeting.

About the year 1856, it was thought best for the convenience of
some of the members to divide the class, which was accordingly
done, and the branch organization held services in what was called
the Coile school house, two miles north of the present church, till
1863, when the society erected an elegant frame church on the
farm of Isaac Coile, near the Coile Cemetery on the Plymouth
pike, and named it " Sugar Creek Chapel," from the name of the
creek on whose banks it stands.

The members remaining in the class at Mount Olive, considering
the old church too much dilapidated for further use, in 1863 select-
ed a site on the farm of Samuel Coile, on the Wilmington pike,
three miles west of Washington, on which, in 1864, they built a
commodious frame church at a cost of seventeen hundred dollars,
the plans and specifications, of which, were similar to those of the
Sugar Creek Church. These two classes have made rapid growth,
and are supporting good Sunday-schools.

Harmony Church on the Plymouth pike, six miles northwest of
Washington, a full account of which appears in the history of Jasper
Township, is an outgrowth of the Mount Olive Church. The seed
sown by the Rev. Father Dobbins so many years ago fell on good
ground, and the three above named churches are the fruit thereof.
These churches are embraced in the Washington Circuit of the
Methodist Protestant Church.

The following is a list of the ministers who have preached at
one or all of these churches :

Revs. Father Dobbins, A. McGuire, Joel Dolbey, sen., Jonathan

Flood, sen., A. H. Bassett, C. Caddy, S. Evans, Pealon,

Stubbs, Trumbo, Riely, T. D. Howe, Warrington,

UNION TOWNSHIP. 493

J. Litter, P. F. Johnson, R. K. Davis, C. S. Evans, R. M. Dolbey,
Joel H. Dolbey, and Jason F. Hinkle.

The following named gentlemen have served as snperinteudents
of the Sabbath-school since its organization, in 1849: At Union
Church, Noah Hinkle four years, Amizi Hyer five years, Enoch
Bush two years, John Fultz two years, Jesse Hyre fourteen years,
Moses Carl one year, Daniel B, Tupes one year, J. F. Henkle one
year, and N. S. Henkle two years.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, COLORED.

The African Methodist Episcopal Church was organized at Den-
nis Brown's house, in July, 1867, by Rev. Mr. Arnett, of Circle-
ville, and services were held at the house of several members of
the congregation for more than a year. Hamilton was rented and
occupied for some time, after which the congregation rented the
old Methodist Episcopal Church, where services were held about
one year. In 1875, a committee, consisting of David Rodgers and
Mills Gardner, were appointed to negotiate the purchase of the
old Catholic church, on Main Street, for this congregation. This
they accomplished, paying two thousand dollo-rs for the property.
Mr. Rodgers donated one thousand dollars to the society, toward
the purchase.

Mr. Arnett preached only four times. William Hogan was ap-
pointed, and remained with the charge until his death, which took
place at Wilmington about a year afterward ; Perry Ross filled
his unexpired time. Wadkins Lee was then appointed, and re-
mained two years. He was succeeded by Father William Morgan,
and since Morgan, the following ministers have served in the order
of their appointment : Edward Wright two years, Mr. Toney two
years, Elder Green two years. Rev. Charles Bundy was appointed
in August, 1877, and still remains.

CATHOLIC CHURCH.

Catholic worship in Washington Court House was begun, and
for sometime maintained, under very trying circumstances. Rev.
Father Blake first celebrateel mass in 1852, in a shanty occupied
by Michael Flynn, while engaged in constructing the C. & M. V.
R. R. The attendants were principally railroad men, most of

494 HISTORY oi' Fayette oounty.

wliom left when the road was completed. The following, how^
ever, remained, and became the pillars of the present flourishing
society: John Coghland, and his brother Thomas, Michael
O'Garrath, Martin Brannan, John Saunders, Patrick Burke and
mother, Mr. Grady, and Michael Flynn. Of these all are living
except Brannan, and all are citizens of this county, except O'Gar-
rath and Brady, who moved to Lancaster in about 1859. Father
Blake continued to preach occasionally, until the road was finished,
after which Father Duli'ey, who was stationed at Circleville, came
once a month, bringing with him a choir from that place. He first
celebrated mass at Flynn's house, but shortly after, Ely's Hall, then
just completed, was engaged, and Father Duft'ey continued to come
till his death, which occurred at Circleville about one year after
his first services at Washington.

After Father Duff'ey's death. Father Reagan, stationed at Lan-
caster, came occasionally during one summer, and ministered to
the small flock. After him. Father Everett, of Lancaster, paid it
one visit ; and he was followed by Father Fitzgerald, of Columbus,
who celebrated mass once. Father Pindar, who was stationed at
Circleville, then came once a month for about a year, and mass
was celebrated at Ely's Hall, but confessional was held at John
Sanders' house.

Near the close of Father Pindar's services, the Catholic church
on Main Street, now owned and occupied by the colored Methodist
Church, was completed, and was dedicated by the Rev. Archbishop
Purcell, of Cincinnati, who in his remarks on the occasion explain-
ed the origin and mission of the Catholic Church.

Father Pindar and Father J. B. O'Donohue were present at the
dedication. Pindar remained with this charge about one year,
when he apostatized, married, and became an Episcopal minister.
Archbishop Purcell appointed Father J. B. O'Donohue, stationed
at Morrow, to take charge of the congregation.

About six months afterFatherO'Ponohue's appointment, he pro-
posed to the congregation the erection of a more commodious,
place of worship, in. a part of town more suitable for a cemetery.
Accordingly, the church property on Main Street was sold to the
colored Methodist Episcopal congregation, for the sum of two
thousand dollars, and three acres of land were purchased of Judge
D. McLain, at one hundred dollars per acre, east of town, near the
C. & M. V. R. R., just outside of the present corporation limits, on

Union township. 495

which a substantial two story brick church, 40x62 feet, was erected.
In the fall of 1879, Father Felton, by nativity a German, suc-
ceeded Father O'Donohue. During his pastorate a fair was held,
which was attended largely by Protestants, and $1,700 were cleared
to the congregation, which was to be appropriated toward pur-
chasing a residence for the priest. In August, 1880, Father Fel-
ton was transferred, and Father Michael O'Donohue was sent from
Hillsboro, Ohio, to supply his place, and still remains. At present
the church is in a flourishing condition, with a membership of two
hundred and upwards.

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.

' The Baptist Church is often defined to be an evangelical denom-
ination of Christians, which differs from others in certain principles
connected with baptism as the initiatory ordinance of Christianity.
This difference is commonly understood as limited^ to the proper
age, and mode of its administration, and those who believe in adult
baptism by immersion.

But this definition is inaccurate and incomplete. Inaccurate, for
in the view of Baptists age is nothing, but spiritual qualification is
everything; hence they baptize all who repent and believe the
gospel, w^hether in childhood, youth, or manhood, and very fre-
quently whole households at once, as did the apostles.

The definition is incomplete, for many who are not baptized be-
lieve that the immersion of adults was the primitive baptism of the
New Testament. The fact is generally admitted in works of sci-
entific authority, both historical and archaeological.

Baptists, then, properly defined, are those who hold that the bap-
tism of Christian believers is of universal obligation, and practice
•accordingly. And they hold this because they acknowledge no
master but Christ; no rule of faith but his word; no baptism but
that which is preceded and hallowed by personal piety; no church
but that which is the body of Christ, pervaded, governed, and ani-
mated by his spirit. Whatever diversities of opinion and usage
are found among them, these are their common and characteristic
principles; by these they are known and distinguished in every
country, and in every age.

On like grounds, also, the Baptists reject (though with less con-
cern) the substitution of sprinkling for the entire immersion of the

496 HISTORY. OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

body, which, they maintain, was originally practiced in the admin-
istration of baptism, and, except in cases of the sick, universally
observed throughout Christendom for thirteen hundred years.

For the universal obligation of immersion as identical with bap-
tism itself, and essential to its spcjilic spiritual purposes, they urge
the admitted signification of the word bcq^tizo, the places where the
rite was originally performed, and the phraseology employed in de-
scribing it, the undeniable example of Christ himself, and the met^
aphorical allusions of the sacred writers when explaining the spir-
itual import of the rite, all of which, they say, confirm the mean-
ing to be immersion, and necessarily exclude every other.

On the subject of church communion, the Baptists generally
agree with other denominations that it is not proper before baptism.
As they find no exception to this rule in the N^ew Testament, they
do not fqel authorized to invite those who are not, in their view,
duly baptized, to unite with them at the Lord's table, however
highly they esteem them. They profess, in this limitation of church
communion, tliat they do not judge the consciences of others, but
seek to preserve their own. Yet, while holding these views, they
claim to feel a cordial sympathy with other evangelical denomina-
tions, and rejoice to co-operate with them, as far as possible, in the
work of Christ.

The government of the Baptist Church is congregational. Each
body being immediately dependent on Christ, is therefore inde-
pendent of all others, and is complete in itself for the management
of its internal aft'airs, .such as the choice of its officers, declaration
of faith, acceptation, dismission, or discipline of members. As such
church is a little spiritual republic, so every member is entitled to a
vote, and is trained to all the duties of an active citizen. The voice
of the majorit}^ governs.

They recognize no higher church ofiicers than pastor and dea--
cons. Elders as evangelists and missionaries are also ordained,
after due trial, and sent out to preach the gospel.

Councils are usually called by the churches, to advise, and assist
in the ordination of ministers, the formation of churches, and the
settlement of serious difliculties, though they have neither judicial
nor appellate powers. Whatever be their differences in other
things. Baptists all agree in maintaining the congregational form of
church government.

"The ministry of the Baptists," sa3's Dr. Baird, "comprehends a

UNION TOWNSHIP. 497

body of men who, in point of talent, learning, and eloquence, as
well as devoted piety, have no superiors in the country." The Bap-
tists have never made classical scholarship a prerequisite to the
ministry of the gospel, lest thej^ should seem to be wiser than God ;
but it is a mistake to suppose they have ever despised education or
knowledge, except when substituted for holier gifts. As early as
1764, when numbering sixty churches and about five thousand
members, the}' founded their, first college in Rhode Island. Long
before they had fostered Harvard, and helped Franklin to lay the
foundations of the University of Pennsylvania. They now have
about forty colleges and universities of their own, over one hun-
dred academies and female seminaries of a high grade, and about
fifteen theological schools. The-y have publication societies at Phil-
adelphia, Charleston, and Nashville, besides many fiourishing pri-
vate publishing houses in our larger cities.

Their missions are planted in Canada, Oregon, California, New
Mexico, Hayti ; in France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway;
in western and central Africa; in southern India, Assam, Burmah,
Siam, and China.

The Baptists claim their origin from the ministry of Christ and
his apostles. They claim, also, that all the Christian churches of
the first two centuries after Christ were founded and built up on
the principles they profess; in proof of which they appeal to the
high critical authorities in church history — Mosheim, Neander,
Hagenback, Jacobi, and Bunson. They furthermore claim to be
able to trace their history in a succession of churches essentially
Baptist, though under various names, from the third century down
to the Reformation. These churches, from the fifth century on-
ward, were the subjects of systematic persecution from the state
churches, t)oth in the east and in the west. Cyril, of Alexandria,
and Innocent I, of Rome, according to the historian Socrates, be-
gan this persecution by depriving them of their houses of worship,
and driving them into secret places, under the laws of Honorius
• and Theodosius II, which forbid repaptism (so called) under penal-
ty of death. Yet their principles reappear among the Culdus of
the west, and the Panlians of the east; the Yallesii and the P'a-
terines, the Albigenses and Waldenses, and emerge on all sides at
the first dawn of the Reformation. In the opinion of Sir Isaac
Newton, as reported by Whiston, " the Baptists are the onl}' body
of Christians that has not sj-mbolized with the Church of Rome."

498 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Of the German Baptists, Mr. Bancroft has suramed up the mat-
ter in a few pregnant words :

"With greater consistency than Luther, they apphed the doc-
trine of the Reformation to the social positions of life, and threat-
ened an end to priestcraft, spiritual domination, titles, and vassal-
age. They were trodden dowu with foul reproaches and most arro-
gant scorn, and their history is written in the blood of thousands
of German peasantry. But their principles, secure in their immor-
tality, escaped with Roger Williams to Providence, and his colony
is witness that naturally the paths of the Baptists are paths of free-
dom, pleasantness, and peace."

In Eugland, from the time of Henry VIII to William III, a full
century and a half, the Baptists straggled to gain their footing, and
to secure not ouly toleration for themselves, but for all, on the
broad basis of liberty of conscience.

From 1611 (as appears from the documents recently published by
the Hanserd Kuolly's Societ}'), they issued appeal after appeal, ad-
dressed to the king, the parliament, and the people, in behalf of
their soul liberty, written with a breadth of view and force of ar-
gument hardly since exceeded.

Mr. Locke has truly said : '' The Baptists were from the begin-
ning the friends of liberty, just and true liberty, equal and impar-
tial liberty." Yet, until the Quakers arose, in 1660, the Baptists
stood alone in its defense amid universal opposition. In the time
of Cromwell they first gained a fair hearing, and under the lead of
Milton and Vane, would have changed the whole system of the
church and the state but for the treason of Monk.

In the time of Charles II, the prisons were filled wnth their con-
fessors and martyrs. Yet their principles gradually gained ground
in the public mind, and hastened the revolution of 16^8. "The
share which the Baptists took," says Dr. Williams, "in showing up
the falling liberties of England, and infusing new vigor and liber-
ality into the constitution of that country, is not generally known.
Yet to this body English liberty owes a debt it can never acknowl-
edge. Among the Baptists, Christian freedom found its earliest,
its staunchest, its most consistent, and its most disinterested cham-
pions."

Nor less powerful has been the influence of the Baptists in the
United States. Introduced into Rhode Island with Roger Williams
and John Clark, in 1638, their history for more than a century, in

UNION TOWNSHIP. 499

most of the colonies, is that of proscribed and banished men. Yet,
persecuted themselves, it was their glory to have never persecuted
others. " In the code of laws established by them in Rhode Island,"
says Judge Story, " we read for the iirst time since Christianity as-
cended the throne of the C?esars, the declaration that conscience
should be free, and should not be punished for worshiping God in
the way they were persuaded he requires.'' From that declaration
Rhode Island has never departed, and in it she was followed first
by Pennsylvania and New Jersey, afterward by Virginia, and since
by all the United States. The article on religious liberty in the
amendments to the American constitution, was introduced into it
by the united efforts of the Baptists, in 1789. (See Howell's Ad-
dress before the American Baptist Historical Society, 1856.)

The First Baptist Church of Washington was formed by eleven
persons, namely: John Franks, WilHam Harper, Z. W. Baughn,
Samuel F. Yeoman, Asenath Yeoman, Bethiah L. Yeoman, N.
K. Dickerson, Mary Franks, Rebecca Baughn, Rebecca Blue, and
Mary Curry. These were the constituted members of the church.

For many years Asenath Yeoman was the only Baptist in Wash-
ington ; but in all these days she was thoroughly grounded in the
belief that a brighter day would dawn upon her vision.

The church was organized in due form on the 21st day of Feb-
ruary, A. D. 1840.

Revs. Azel Waters and Albert Wedge, ministers, consecrated to
the cause of the Master, acted as moderator and clerk. The ses-
sion was held in the Presb^'terian Church.

On the 24th day of December, of the same year, Rev. A. D.
Freman, who was of a well known Baptist family for centuries
back, was called to the pastorate.

The first protracted meeting held after the organization of the
church commenced on Wednesday, January 27, 1841, in the Pres-
byterian House.

Rev. A. D. Freman assisted by Revs. W. D. Woodruff, and I. K.
Bronson, preached the gospel earnestly and efiiciently. Many in-
quired the way of life.

On the 30th day of the same month, Frank Closa,' George Ileag-
ler and wife, were received members by letters from sister
churches.

On Wednesday, the 3d day of February, of the same year, Dr.
Jeptha Davis, Lydia Davis, and Josiah Heagler were baptized.

500 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

In the year 1842, Elder W. D, Woodruif came to visit the church,
and held an interesting meeting of days.

On the 24th day of August, 1844, the church through her deli-
gates. Pastor Thomas Goodwin, E. F. Yeoman, Dr. J. Davis and
J.. W. Poff, with letters from the church, applied for admission into
the Straight Creek Association, held at Winchester, Adams County,
Ohio, and duly admitted a member of that body on date above
named.

During this year, two or three members of the church were car-
ried away by Mormonism. These are the first expulsions noted in
the records of the church. After more calm deliberations they
were convinced that it was a delusion. Some of them returned.

During this year. Rev. Thomas Goodwin was called to the pas-
torate of the church.

In 1847, Rev. W. D. Woodruff came to Washington to live, and
was called to the pastorate in place of Elder Goodwin, resigned.
Being without a house to worship in, the meetings were held in
the court house.

In the year 1849, the church deeming the Caesar's Creek Asso-
ciation (now Clinton) more conveniently situated, took a transfer
from Straight Creek Association and united with the former body.

In many of its deliberations, among other matters of business, a
meeting house to worship in was presented.

In 1854, Deacon Claypool offered to sell a lot, on which to build,
for the sum of three hundred dollars, donating fifty dollars of the
amount ; S. F. Yeoman, Hugh Campbell, James Zumalt, A. M.
Ogle and Dr. Allen, each gave fifty dollars and paid for "the lot.

In 1856, Rev. J. W. Heistand was called to the pastorate of the
church in place of Elder Woodruff, resigned. •"'

On the 8th day of March, 1859, J. B. Tuttil, a young man of
rare ability, was chosen to labor as supply for six months.

On May 18, 1861, the church called a council of messengers from
several churches of the association to ordain Brother J. B. Tuttil
to the ministry. Elder James Sargeant was chosen moderator, O.
A. Allen clerk. After a satisfactory examination, the council set
him apart to the ministry.

On December, 1862, Rev. C. T. Emerson was called to the pas-
torate. His energy was directed principally towards raising means
to build a church.

In 1868, Rev. J. R. Powell was called to the pastorate, and he

UNION TOWNSHIP. 501

was installed on July 19, 1868, in our new house of worship erect-
ed at a cost of eight thousand dollars. Ministers present, Pastor
Rev. B. Bedell, Chambers, and J. W. Heistand, a former pastor.

The first summary of membership- recorded in the minutes, is
given in the meeting of February 4, 1870.

A committee had been previously appointed to revise the records,
and ascertain the numerical strength of the church, which revision
showed that there were seventy-seven members in good standing.
The church having in thirty years increased from the original
number, eleven, to seventy-seven.

In December, 1870, Rev. Winham Kidder was called to the pas-
torate of the church, and having served three years was called to
the church above. His loss was a s^'ere aftiiction to the cause.

In 1873, Rev. Armstrong was called to the pastorate.

The church took an active part in the temperance crusade during
his stay with us.

In 1874, Rev. W. W. Sawyer was called to the pastorate. He
was the most scholarly minister of the place.

In February 1879, Rev. S. T. Griswold was called to the pastorate,
the ablest of all.

In 1880, Rev. C. A. McManis was called for six months to supply
the pulpit of the church.

The report to the association this year (1881) shows a membership
of ninety-one.

Thus we note that the church has been in existence almost forty-
two years, and that it has ordained one minister ; that it has ad-
mitted by baptism about one hundred and thirty persons ; that it
began with eleven members, and has now ninety-one ; that it has
had but twelve pftstors.

Church Covenant. — Having been led, as we believe, by the Spirit
of God, to receive the Lord Jesus Christ as our Savior ; and on
the profession of our faith, having been baptized in the name of
the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, we do now in
presence of God, Angels, and this assembly, most solemnly and
joyfully enter into covenant with one another as one body in
Christ.

We engage therefore, by the aid of the Holy Spirit to walk to-
gether in Christian love, to strive for the advancement of this
church in knowledge, holiness and comfort ; to promote its pros-
perity and spirituality ; to sustain its worship, ordinahces, discipline

502 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

and doctrines ; to contribute cheerfully and regularly to the sup-
port of the ministry; the expenses of the church ; the relief of the
poor, and the spread of the gospel through all nations.

We also engage to maintain family and secret devotion; to re-
ligiously educate our children ; to seek the salvation of our kin-
dred and acquaintances ; to walk circumspectly in the world; to
be jjiist in our dealings, faithful in our engagements, and exemplary
in our deportment ; to avoid all tattling and back-biting, and ex-
cessive anger ; to abstain from the sale and use of intoxicating
drinks as a beverage, and to be zealous in our efforts to advance the
Kingdom of our Savior.

We further engage to watch over one another in brotherly love ;
to remember in prayer, to aid each other in sickness and distress ;
to cultivate Christian sympathy in feeling and courtesy in speech ;
to be slow to take offense, but always ready to reconciliation, and
mindful of the rules of our Savior ; to rescue without delay.

We morever engage when we move from this place, we will as
soon as possible unite with some other church, where Ave can carry
out the spirit of this covenant and the principles of God's word.

The above history of the Baptist Church was kindly furnished
by Dr. Allen, of Washington Court House.

SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH, COLORED.

The Second Baptist Church of Washington C. H. was organized
June 12, 1855, by Elder George W. Bryant, with three members:
Jordan Kelly, James L. Thornton, and Boswell Kelly. Jacob Em-
mons, a licensed preacher, was called as a ^supply, and preached
for them until the year 1858, when Elder A. Carter Avas called to
the pastorate. In the latter part of 1858 he departed this life in
lull triumph of the faith. He Avas succeeded by Elder R. Allen,
who continued in charge of the church till 1860, Avhen he Avas suc-
ceeded by Elder A. Pratt, who continued pastor till 1866. He was
succeeded by Elder H. Cox.

Up to the year 1867 there had been no special revival of religion,
but the church had gradually grown from three members to thirty.
In the winter of 1867, under the administration of Elder Cox, an
interesting revival took place, and thirty persons Avere added to
the church. Elder Cox remained pastor till 1872, Avhen he was
succeeded by Elder John Powell, who remained pastor till some

UNION TOWNSHIP. 503

time in the year 1875. Elder Powell was succeeded by W. A.
Meridith, a licensed preacher, who was ordained in 1875, and re-
inained pastor till about the year 1877. During his pastorate a
very interesting revival was held, which resulted in the addition of
twenty-seven members to the church. Elder Meridith was suc-
ceeded by Elder Benjamin Smith, who took charge of the church
in 1878, and remained pastor till June, 1879, when he was succeed-
ed by Elder E. M. Marion, in September, who is the present in-
cumbent. On the first of January, 1880, a revival of religion was
begun, and resulted in fifty additions to the church ; making in all
about one hundred and sixty members who have been received
into the fellowship of the church. The present membership is
about one hundred and ten.

In the year 1857, the church purchased a lot on North Street,
opposite the Central School building, and built a frame house, in
w'hich they held services till about the year 1868, when the old
house ^yi^s torn down, and a brick building erected, costing about
two thousand five hundred dollars.

For Church Covenant, see First Baptist Church. •
There has been a Sabbath-school connected with the church
since the year 1858.

THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The Presbyterian Church of Washington Court House was or-
ganized October 10, 1813, three years after the county was organ-
ized. There were thirteen members, and James Clark, William
Blair, Samuel Waddle, Anuences Allen, and Col. James Stewart,
were chosen elders.

The Rev. Mr. Baldridge had charge of the church for a time.
After him the pulpit was supplied by several dift'erent ministers,
till Rev. William Dickey came to be pastor in 1817. The church
had no house of worship, and meetings could not be held very
regularly.

In 1817 part of the church was set oil' to form a separate con-
gregation at Bloomingburg, and Thomas McGarraugh and Henry
Snyder were chosen elders. Mr. Dickey supplied the church at
Washington, and also the one at Bloomingburg, which was now
the larger. Shortly after he seems to have given all his attention
to Bloomingburg, and there are no records of the Presbyterian
Church of Washington for fifteen years.

504 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

In 1834, the cliurcli took a new start. Nine of the old members
were still on the ground, and seventeen were received. James
Pollock, John Wilson, Isaac Templeton, and Joseph McLean, were
chosen elders, and S. F. Kerr was made clerk of the session.

About 1835, Rev. John C. Eastman took charge of the church,
and the church seemed to progress nicely. They undertook, for
the lirst time, to build a house of worship, and soon it was con-
structed and dedicated.

In 1840 Mr. Eastman left the church, after six years of faithful
and successful labor. The next eight years passed with very
irregular ministrations. Eev. James Dunlap, and Rev. J. A. I.
Lowes, preached for a time.

In the w^inter of 1847-8, the church was incorporated. About
this time J. G. Hopkins came, as a licentiate, to supply its pulpit.
James 'N. Wilson and Eliphas Taylor were chosen and ordained
elders. Mr. Hopkins, some time after, was chosen pastor and or-
dained. A division in the church grew out of this. Robert Rob-
inson and Joseph McLean, two of the elders, and others, left the
church ; among them Col. S. F. Kerr. This was a great loss to
the feeble church. Mr. Hopkins soon left, and in the spring of
1851 Rev. S. J, Miller, was called to the pastorate, after which
church affairs ran along more smoothly. A new church edifice was
built about 1856. Rev. Miller continued pastor for fifteen years,
leaving the church in 1866 with seventy-five members.

In January, 1867, the Rev. George Carpenter was called to the
pastorate, and is still at his post, in the fifteenth year of his labors.

The church has had some very precious seasons of revival, and
has a membership of two hundred. The house of worship has
lately been enlarged, improved, and greatly beautified, and has a
competent corps of elders and deacons, and a good Sabbath-school.
During the pastorate of Rev. Miller, James Allen, Henry D. Ritter,
and Joseph Bryan, (perhaps others,) were made elders. During
the last pastorate, in 1867, I. C. Van Deman, Williani Robinson,
Joseph Parrett, and William II. Devalon, were made elders. In
1871 J. P. Robinson, and P. E. Moorehouse, and in 1879 Dr. S. S.
Salisbury and W. A. Ustick, were made elders. Some have gone
to their reward, and some have moved away. The present session
are : Williani Robinson, I. C. Van Deman, J. P. Robinson, Dr. S.
S. Salisbury, W. A. Ustick, and Rev. George Carpenter, pastor.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 505

THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The history of Trinity Episcopal Church is necessarily short, for
the simple reason that at this date (August, 1881) it is, as a church,
less than two years old.

On Thursday evening, December 4, 1879, a meeting, presided
over by the Kev. J. H. Logic, rector of St. Philip's Church, Circle-
ville, was held at the residence of Mr. J. M. Love. At that meet-
ing all the persons in Washington Court House who were interest-
ed in the Episcopal Church were present. An organization was
effected by the election of an executive committee, composed of
the following gentlemen: J. M. Love, Edwin Bird, R. M. Cam-
pion, J. S. Gold, Clarence Snyder, Edwin Proctor, and Charles A.
Palmer. These gentlemen were intested with authority to act in
the capacity of a vestry; Messrs. Love and Bird to act as wardens.

Previous to this date (December 4, 1879), occasional services had
been held by the Rev. Mr. Logic, of Circleville, and the Rev. Mr.
Fischer, of Chillicothe, but at this meeting arrangements were
made for regular services, and the first of such services was held
on Thursday evening, December 11, 1879.

At this service further arrangements were made by which the
Rev. Mr. Logic was to take pastoral oversight of the work, and,
with the assistance of the neigliboring clergj', hold services on al-
ternate Sundays in the Baptist Church.

The first Sunday service was held December 28, 1879. In the
afternoon the Sunday-school was organized. At first the school
met at the residence of Mr. Love; but its growth was so rapid that
it became necessary, in the course of three weeks, to take it to the
church.

For several mouths the services were held in the Baptist house
of worship, but were removed to the city hall, and subsequently to
the court house, where the members are still worshiping God in
accordance with the faith and practice of the Apostolic Church.

On the 16tli of May, 1880, the mission was placed in the hands
of the Rev. Korman H. Badger, who thus became the first rector
of Trinity Church. His tenure of oflice was, however, very short,
he being called to a parish in northern Ohio in January, 1881.

For three months the mission was without a pastor. The Sun-
day-school was, however, carried on by the ladies of the congrega-
36

506 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

tion, of whom mention may be made of Miss JS'annie Love, Miss
Julia Campbell, Mrs. J. C. Von Buhlow, Mrs. Campion, and Miss
Tinnie Cleaveland.

In March, 1881, arrangements were made by which the Rev.
George Rogers, a graduate of Bealey Hall Theological Seminary,
Gambler, Ohio, and a presbyter of the Diocese of Kentucky, took
charge of the mission, and is still pastor of the church.

The growth of the Episcopal Church in the county seat has been
rapid and solid. The dignity and beauty of its service; its broad,
catholic spirit; its adaptability to old and young, rich and poor; its
freedom from partizanship — all commend it to the thinking men
and women of the community.

So far from being a new church, it is the oldest of all the relig-
ious bodies. It was first organized in the United States in 1784,
obtaining its orders from the»Mother Church, of England. The
student of history will not need to be told that there was an En-
glish Episcopal Church long before the Reformation in the sixteenth
century, and that what was done at the time of the Reformation
was not the making up of a new church, but the cleansing of the
old from Romish errors. There was an English Episcopal Church,
with bishops, presbyters, and deacons, at the time of the Council of
Aries, A. D. 314, and through this church the Protestant Episcopal
Church of America traces her lineage back to the days of the
apostles. She is the daughter of the Church of England in pre-
cisely the same sense in which America is the child of Great Brit-
ain. We as Americans are not ashamed to call England the
mother country.

The government of the church is both lay and clerical, the secu-
lar part of the administration being confided to the care of the
vestry, composed of the minister and several laymen, in the case of
the parish; and in the case of the diocese, to an annual convention,
composed of both clergy and laity, with the bishop as presiding
ofiicer. The spiritual government is, of course, committed to the
bishop and clergy.

The doctrines of the church are summed up in the Apostles'
Creed. She believes in God, in Jesus Christ, in the Holy Ghost,
the Holy Catholic (or universal) Church, the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life
everlasting, and does not demand that her children shall believe
any more. She does not lay upon men a " yoke which neither we

UNION TOWNSHIP. 507

nor our futliers were able to bear." but simply asks of them a pro-
fession of belief in this creed, and a sincere and honest desire to
live a godly life. Being- baptized and confirmed in this faith, she
helps men to live an earnest Christian life. The non-essentials of
religion are left between every man and his Maker. With malice
toward none, and charity toward all, she believes it to be especially
her mission to preach primitive Christianity, to help the distressed,
to comfort the sorrowfnl, and to lead erring men back into the
path that leads to God.

Such is the history, and such are the objects of the Protestant
Episcopal Church in Washington Court House.

THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH.

This church is the creature of the fifth missionary district of the
Ohio Missionary Society. It is a mission of the district board.
They instructed J. C. Irvin, who is still in charge of the njission,
to go to Washington and make a reconnoisance. He visited all
the members in the city, and established preaching temporarily in
the Baptist Church. This was continued for five months.

In December, 1874, Rev. W. W. Sawyer and Mr Irvin, joined in
a union service of Baptists and Disciples, which meeting lasted one
week ; an intercommunion service was held and friendly relations cul-
tivated. This year several sermons were preached in the city hall-

During the next winter, Elder Robert Moftett, state evangelist, of
Cleveland, Ohio, held a meeting of three weeks, in the Baptist
house of worship, which was well attended. The interest, good
from the beginning, increased to the close. At this meeting, two
young ladies were added to the church.

The board, encouraged by this meeting, determined to make the
mission permanent. J. C. Irvin was continued in the manage-
ment. His health failing however, he was not able to preach, and
was compelled to abandon active work ; yet he never abandoned
the idea of ultimate success. During the year 1878, he held Bible
services and social meetings in the temperance hall. These meet-
ings began as early as November, 1877, and have been held regu-
larly ever since.

Organization. — The organization dates from April 6, 1879. There
were but six members present, whose names were J. C. Irvin, Mrs.
J. C. Irvin, Miss Jennie Davis, Mrs. Maggie C. Hess, Mrs. Julia
Benjamin, and S. Eldan Irvin.

508 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

These solemnly covenanted with each other, and with the Great
Head of the church, to live as becometh saints, and to keep the
ordinances of the Lord's house. This little band has met regularly,
and their members have gradually increased.

B.enjamin Eankin and family have permanently settled in the
neighborhood, and others having moved into the city, so that the
number has increased to about twenty.

In November, 1880, a Sunday-school was organized in the city
hall, and the meetings removed to that place. The school has suc-
ceeded well and is in a flourishing condition at present. The at-
tendance is about sixty-five.

The church since its organization has had a slow but steady
growth. Since which Elder A. A. Knight of Wilmington, J. S.
Hughes of Dayton, and Dr. Oliver Hixon of Iowa, have preached
for the organization.

The weekly meetings are conducted by J. C. Irvin, assisted by
Benjamin Rankin.

Since the election of General James A. Garfield to the presidency
of the United States, public attention has been called to this de-
nomination of Christians so prominently, that we feel justified in
giving a somewhat extended view of their faith and practice. This
will be the purpose of the brief sketch which follows :

It is proper to state that this denomination of Christians prefer
the simple term Christian Church, but do not wish to assume a des-
ignation that might seem to deny the appellation to others. They
are willing to be known as Disciples, or to be distinguished by any
term that is applied to the Church of Christ in thel^ew Testament.
Their aim is to bring Christianity back to what it was in the be-
ginning. They reject all symbols of faith except the Bible, de-
siring to restore the primitive simplicity of the Gospel, as preached
under the supervision of the heaven inspired apostles of Jesus
Christ.

Previous to the inauguration of this movement, the condition of
religion in this country was truly to be deplored. The religious
parties of those times were extremely selfish, and were the bitter
antagonists of each other. The spirit of rivalry and of sect had
largely supplanted the Spirit of Christ. Ignorance and superstition
were more prized than an intelligent knowledge of the word of
God. Human creeds were the standards of faith and practice ;
while the Divine creed was regarded as a dead letter. The result

UNION TOWNSHIP. 509

was that the very life of religion became subject to a selfish des-
potism which was cruel and unrelenting.

The careful and impartial reader of the history of these times
must see that a reformation was greatly needed. The success of
Christianity in the world depended upon a movement that would
break down this ecclesiasticism, and bring the people back again
to the true knowledge of Christ. Early in the present century an
attempt at this was made. But before entering upon a notice
of this movement, it is proper to call attention to what had pre-
viously been accomplished.

Luther's was a noble work, but it was principally confined to one
thing, namely : the restoration of the freedom of thought, freedom
of speech, and the right of individual interpretation. This was
his distinctive work. It broke the fetters of the papacy which
bound the human soul, and gave hberty once more to the individual
conscience.

Calvin restored to the church the idea of God's sovereignty.
This had been partially obscured by the works of supererogation
which Catholicism enjoined upon its subjects; and it was necessary
to any satisfactory progress in the restoration of primitive Chris-
tianity, that the Great Father should be properly recognized as the
author of " every good and perfect gift." Extremes beget extremes,
is the universal testimony of history. Hence, under the infiuence of
Calvin's teachings, it was not long before the religious conscious-
ness swung round to the extreme of a cold, lifeless formalism, which
entirely ignored the human side in the plan of salvation, and left
every thing to the unalterable fate of what were called the Divine
decrees.

Wesley restored to the church the idea of human responsibility.
He taught that there was something for man himself to do in order
to salvation. Hence his teaching infused new life into the religious
convictions of the people, and give a new energ}' to the work of
converting the world.

To sum up the work of these reformations, it is sufficient to say,
that Luther restored conscience to its proper place ; Calvin restored
the Divine sovereignty, and Wesley human responsibility, as part
of the remedial system.

Two things yet remained to be done : the word of God must be
restored to its proper authority, and such an adjustment made of
the elements eliminated b}' the reformations just referred to as

510 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

would secure a rapid and harmonious development of the religion of
Christ in the world. This of course would involve a complete restor-
ation of the primitive order of things, and this was the work pro-
posed hy the reformation of the nineteenth century, A few words
concerning the origin and character of this movement are necessary
at this point.

In the year 1807, Thomas Camphell, a Presbyterian minister, of
the north of Ireland, arrived in the United States. He soon con-
ceived a plan of Christian union upon the basis of the Bible alone.
In the advocacy of this jjlan, he published the celebrated " Declara-
tion and address," and a " Prospectus of a religious reformation."
The burden of these papers was the inefficiency of denominational
organizations, and the necessity of a return to apostolic teaching
and practice, before the world could be converted to Christ; dis-
carding all human creeds and confessions of faith.

A society was formed in Washington, Pennsylvania, for the pur-
pose of propagating these sentiments. Soon after two churches
were organized, and these agreed in the purpose of absolute and
■entire rejection of human authority in matters of religion, and the
determination to stand by each other upon the -proposition that the
Holy Scriptures are all sufficient, and alone sufficient as the subject
matter of faith and rule of conduct, and that therefore, they would
require nothing as a matter of faith or rule of conduct, for which
they could not give a " thus saith the Lord," either in express terms
or by approved precedent. This was the beginning of the great
reformatory movement known as the great reformation of the
nineteenth century. Since this early beginning it has spread into
all the states and territories of the federal union, where the num-
ber of communicants is now six hundred thousand. They are also
numerous in Canada, Jamaica, the British Isles, Australia, and a
few are to be found in France, Norway and Turkey.,

They also control a large number of fine colleges and schools.
Among these may be named Bethany College, founded by Alex-
ander Campbell, in West Virginia; Butler University, Indiana;
Kentucky University; Hiram College, Ohio; Oskaloosa College, Iowa;
Math others too tedious to mention.

They also have their share of men in public places in the gov-
ernment, both state and federal. The most prominent among
these is James A. Garfield, president of the United States, and
Judge Jeremiah Black, of the supreme bench.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 511

They are fairly represented in congress, having a larger number
of representatives than any other church, except one.

SCHOOLS OF WASHINGTON.

The first school in Washington was taught in 1813, by Samuel
Loofborrow, in a double log house (one part of which he used for
a dwelling), on the corner of Paint and Hind streets. The school,
as was common in those days, was made up by subscription, and
could not have continued more than one or two terms, for in 1814
the iirst building intended for school purposes in the village was
built, and James Webster installed as teacher. This was a rough,
round log structure, 16x18, with clapboard roof, fastened with
weight-poles, and was minus a floor. The door was also made of
clapboards, arranged horizontally, and secured by wooden pegs.
One side of the frame extended above and below some inches, the
lower end resting in a notch cut in the sill, or bottom log, and the
iipper end was fastened by pins, driven obliquely into the log above
on each side, and served as a hinge to the door. The sill mentioned
above was more than two feet in diameter, and it was with difliculty
that the smaller .children got over it into the school house. Of
course it was supplied with the customary greased paper window
lights, and was heated by the huge old-fashioned fire-place peculiar
to those primitive days.

This building was located on the northeast side of Market, be-
tween Fayette and North streets, on in-lot No. 47, now in posses-
sion of Colonel H. B. Maynard, and occupied a part of the present
situation of the old frame Methodist Episcopal Church.

Webster was followed as teacher in this building by James Clark,
an Irishman, who taught here till the house was abandoned in 1816,
when school was held in the old court house for some years.

James G. Gray taught here first, and was succeeded by Hiram
M. Parish, and he in turn by Erasmus Grovesnor.

About the close of Grovesnor's services, a log school house was
erected on the corner of Market and Hind streets, and was occu-
pied first by a man named Pearson. The house was built of round
logs, which were "scutched" after the building was erected, and
was located where the mill now stands, on the southeast corner.

512 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Norman F. -Tones was Pearson's successor here, and continued
till the house was abandoned. After this, school was held in the
old court house, and in unoccupied buildings in different parts of
the town, till 1828, when a small, one-story brick house was erected
on Market Street, between Mnin and Fayette streets, which now
forms a part of the dwelling of Richard Millikan ; but on account
of some illegal technicality concerning the levy or appropriation
made for the building of this house, it was thrown on the hands of
the school trustees, but was afterward rented and occupied for
school purposes principally till 1845, when a two-story frame school
house was built on the site of the old log building, on the corner
Market and Hind streets, and is now a part of the steam mill ope-
rated by Joseph Allen.

This house was used till the present union school building, on
North Street, between Temple and Paint streets, was completed, in
1856, which originally was two stories high, sixty-five feet square,
and contained eight rooms, four above and the same number be-
low, with a ten-foot hallway leading through both the upper and
lower stories of the building. The house, and site of three acres
of ground, cost about fourteen thousand dollars. In 1872, another
story and a steam heating apparatus were added, at a cost of eight
thousand three hundred dollars.

The following is a list of some of the early teachers since Nor-
man F. Jones, arranged as nearly in their proper order as possible,
in the absence of records to guide us :

Henry Phelps, James Latta, Smith Latta, John A. Pledge, Wil-
liam Westlake, Alvira Gordon, William H. Shim, Zeno Wilcox,

Rawlings, Elam Hearts, A.K. Eaton, S. F. Kerr, L. D. Wil-

lard, A. S. Dickey, Dr. Donohue, and Harvey Jones.

SECRET. ORGANIZATIONS.

odd-fellows;

Temple Lodge No. 227, was instituted in a hall in the attic story
of the old brick building on Court Street, northeast of Fayette,
over the printing office, March 13, 1854, hy the Most Worthy Grand
Master of Ohio, William G. Neilson, who delivered the charter to

UNION TOAVNSHIP. 513

five i^ersons, as follows : Captain John M. Bell, Colonel S. N. Yeo-
man, M. Livingston, William II. Lannm, and John Backenstoe.

Four persons were initiated into the order on the night of insti-
tution, as follows : John Millikan, C. H. Bell, V. M. Ogle, and Dr.
Brown,

The lodge continued to meet in that old attic room for about two
years, when they removed to the third story of J. F. Ely's frame
building, on the corner of Main and East streets, where they also
remained about two years. They then secured the third story of a
new brick building on Court Street, built b}" Z. W. Ileagler, and
which is now the central room in the Yeoman Block. This was
unfinished, but the lodge finished and furnished it, and made them
there a comfortable home for about sixteen years.

In the spring of 1873, they organized the Odd-Fellows Building
Association, which bought a piece of ground on Court Street, south-
west from the Vandeman corner, and proceeded to build thereon a
tine business building; and in the spring of 1874 the lodge re-
moved to their beautiful and commodious new hall in this " Odd-
Fellows' Building," it being one of the largest and best lodge
rooms in the state, and handsomely furnished.

In the following October, on the night of the 13th, the "fire
fiend" claimed for his own this splendid temple, with all the furni-
ture, pharaphernalia, regalia, records, and other property of tlie
lodge, not a single thing being saved.

A meeting of the lodge was called, and held in the Masonic Hall,
which was kindly tendered for the purpose, on the night after the
fire, at which there was a very large attendance ; and it was then
unanimously resolved to rebuild the building and hall. This was
at once entered upon, and in the winter arjd spring of 1875, a new
building arose, phffiuix-like, upon the ashes of the first, equal to it
in size and beauty.

The lodge furnished the new room very well, though not quite so
elegantly as the first one, and moved into it on the 6th day of No-
vember, A. D. 1875, where they have continued to meet to the time
of this writing.

During the building of the second hall, the lodge met in tlie
third story of the First National (now the Peoples and Drovers)
Bank building.

Its Strength. — In the beginning the lodge was very weak in num-
bers, but strong in faith and purpose, and they had quite a struggle

514 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

for existence the first two years; whpn, on the anniversary of the
order (April 26, 1856), Dr. Strickland, of Cincinnati, came here at
their solicitation and delivered a public address upon Odd-Fellow-
ship, in the old Methodist Church, which was followed by a num-
ber of very valuable accessions to the lodge, and from that time on
it has had a steady and substantial growth, until at this writing it
numbers one hundred and thirty active members, and has upon its
rolls the names of many of our best and most prominent citizens.

Representatices to the Grand Lodge. — There have been only three
from Temple Lodge, as follows : Colonel S. N. Yeoman, elected in
1856; Judge J. B. Priddy, elected in 1870; and the present repre-
sentative from the district, J. N. Vandeman, Esq., elected in 1878,
and re-elected in 1880.

District Deputy Grand Masters. — Captain John M. Bell was the
first District Deputy Grand Master, appointed in 1856, and John L.
McKee is the present one, appointed in June, 1881.

Officers. — The first elective ofiicers of the lodge were: Captain
John M. Bell, Noble Grand; Colonel S. K Yeoman, Vice Grand;
M.Livingston, liecording Secretary; William H. Lanum, Perma-
nent Secretary; John Backenstoe, treasurer.

The present ones are: S. M. Stein, Noble Grand; P. Sheerman,
Vice Grand; E. S. Stinson, Recording Secretary; John L. McKee,
Permanent Secretary; A. L. Reid, Treasurer; S. W. Cissna, Dr. O.
A. Allen, Bowman Hess, Dr. S. S. Salisbury, and S. L. Hooker,
Trustees.

The Fathers. — Of the charter members, only two remain — Broth-
ers Colonel Yeoman and William H. Lanum. The others have
laid down their armor, and rest in the silent cities of the dead.

Of those who were initiated on the night of institution, only
Brother John Millikan still has his connection with the lodge, two
of the others having gone West years ago, and removed their mem-
bership there, and the other one is dead.

The loss of the lodge records, and want of space, forbids giving
many other historic facts which would doubtless be of interest.

Patriarchal Branch. — Fayette Encampment No. 134, was institut-
ed by Grand Patriarch C. G. Russell, May 17, A. D. 1871, in the
Odd-Fellows' Hall, on Court Street. The charter was delivered to
L. C. Karney, Colonel S. N. Yeoman, C. L. Getz, Dr. 0. H. Sax-
ton, M. Blanchard, W. S. Stewart, J. C. King, William Wilts, and
Charles Duflfee. There were eleven persons admitted on the night
of institution.

^ UNION TOWNSHIP. 515

The encampment grew very rapidly for about three years, when
it suffered the loss of a good many of its members, by reason of
the institution of encampments at Sabina and Greeniield, from
which it has never fully recovered. It numbers at this writing forty
active members. It, too, was "burnt out" and lost everything at
the time the lodge building was destroyed, in October, 1874.

Its first elective oificers were: L. C. Karney, Chief Patriarch;
M. Blanchard, High Priest; William Wilts, Senior Warden; Dr. O.
H. Saxton, Junior Warden; William Stewart, Scribe; J. C. King,
Treasurer.

The present officers are : S. L. Hooker, District Deputy Grand
Patriarch ; Mark Howell, Chief Patriarch ; John L. McKee, High
Priest; Marshall Hyer, Senior Warden; Frank A. Murry, Junior
Warden; J. ]^. Vandeman, Scribe; John B. Shum, Treasurer;
John L. McKee, John B. Shum, and John I^. Vandeman, Trustees.

MASONIC.

Fayette Lodge iS'o. 107, Free and Accepted Masons, was institu-
ted and commenced work in Washington C. IL, Ohio, December
7th, A. L. 5839, (A. D. 1839,) pursuant to a dispensation granted
by the Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, under
date of November 29, 1839. It was dedicated December 26, 1840,
by tlie M. W. Grand Master, Bro. W. J. Bees, under a charter
granted by the Grand Lodge of Ohio, bearing date October 22,
1840.

The charter members of this lodge were Joel S. Bereman, Sam--
uel F. Yeoman, Samuel Millikan, Joseph Bell, Jacob Ott, Valen-
tine Coil, and Daniel McLean.

Bro. McLean is the only charter member now living, and is the
oldest affiliating Mason in Fayette County. He was initiated an
Entered Apprentice, July 2, 1825 ; passed to the degree of Fellow
Craft, and raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason, August
6, 1825, by Hillsboro Lodge No. 38. He has taken all the degrees
up to and including Knights Templar, and is an active member of
all the bodies.

The following are the officers who have filled the several stations
in the lodge, from the date of its organization, in the year 1839, up
to the present time, 1881 :

516

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Year.

Worshipful Master.

Senior Warden.

1839.

J. S. Bereman,

Jacob Ott,

1840.

J. S. Bereman,

Jacob Ott,

1841.

J. S. Bereman,

M. V. Rawlings,

1842.

Samuel Millikan,

J. S. Bereman,

1843.

J. S. Bereman,

Jacob Ott,

1844.

J. S. Bereman,

Jacob Ott,

1845..

M. Y- Rawlings,

Samuel Millikan,

1846.

Samuel Millikan,

Amos Wright,

1847.

Samuel Millikan,

Daniel McLean,

1848.

Samuel Millikan,

N. Blodget,

1849.

Samuel Millikan,

J. S. Bereman,

1850.

Daniel McLean,

Amos Wright,

1851.

Amos Wright,

M. Livingston,

1852.

Is". BlodgeC

J. M. Bell,

1853.

]^. Blodget,

J. M. Bell,

1854.

Amos Wright,

A. J. Lewis,

1855.

Amos Wright,

A. J. Lewis,

1856.

John M. Bell,

J. L. Parish,

1857.

Amos Wright,

George Knott,

1858.

M. V. Rawlings,

S. N. Yeoman,

1859.

J. L. Parish,

Mills Gardner,

1860.

Mills Gardner,

George Knott,

1861.

Mills Gardner,

George Knott,

1862.

Mills Gardner,

A. Hamilton,

1863.

Mills Gardner,

J. W. Cleaveland,

1864.

Mills Gardner,

J. W. Cleaveland,

1865.

Mills Gardner,

J. M. Thurston,

1866.

Mills Gardner,

A. C. Johnson,

1867.

Mills Gardner,

C. Garis,

1868.

Mills Gardner,

C. Garis,

1869.

Mills Gardner,

J. P. Robinson,

1870.

Mills Gardner,

J. P. Robinson,

1871.

C. Garis,

A. M. Stimson,

1872.

C. Garis,

H. L. Robinson,

1873.

C. Garis,

H. L. Robinson,

1874.

Mills Gardner,

H. L. Robinson,

1875.

C. Garis,

John Miser,

1876.

C. Garis,

John Miser,

1877.

H. L. Rohiuson,

M. S. Creamer,

UNION

TOWNSHIP.

Year.

Worshipful Master.

Senior Warden.

1878.

H. L. Robinson,

C. 8. Snyder,

1879.

C. S. Snyder,

T. J. Lindsey,

1880.

H. L. Robinson,

A. B. Adams,

1881.

S. S. Salisbury,

11. L. Robinson.

Year.

Junior AVarden.

Senior Deacon.

1839.

S. F. Yeoman,

James Sharp,

1840.

S. F. Yeoman,

M, V. Rawlings,

1841.

J. S. Myers,

Samuel McElwain,

1842.

Daniel McLean,

M. V. Rawlings,

1843.

J. S. Myers,

M. V. Rawlings,

1844.

Samuel McElvvain

, M. V. Rawlings,

1845.

J. S. Bereman,

Amos Wright,

1846.

Williani Smith,

M. R. Rawlings,

1847.

Amos Wright,

M. V. Rawlings,

1848.

Amos Wright,

M. V. Rawlings,

1849.

William Smith,

M. V. Rawlings,

1850.

M. Livingston,

William Smith,

1851.

Daniel McLean,

M. V. Rawlings,

1852.

M. Livingston,

M. V. Rawlings,

1853.

George Knott,

M. V. Rawlings,

1854.

M. Livingston,

M. V. Rawlings,

1855.

George Knott,

M. V. Rawlings,

1856.

S. N. Yeoman,

M. V. Rawlings,

1857.

S. N. Yeoman,

M. V. Rawlings,

1858.

Amos Wright,

George Knott,

1859.

A. Bybee,

A. Hamilton,

1860.

A. Hamilton,

A. Rogall,

1861.

E. H. Shoemaker,

J. F. Ely,

1862.

E. H. Shoemaker,

M. V. Rawlings,

1863.

J. A. McLean,

J. F. Pugsley,"

1864.

William Noble,

A. Hamilton,

1865.

William Noble,

M. V. Rawlings,

1866.

C. Garis,

J. H. Yeoman,

1867.

James Straley,

A. M. Stimson,

1868.

James Straley,

A. M. Stimson,

1869.

P. E. Morehouse,

A. M. Stimson,

1870.

J. A. McLean,

A. M. Stimson,

1871.

A. eT. Lewis,

George Estep,

1872.

John Millikan,

George Estep,

517

518

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Year.

Junior Warden.

Senior Deacon.

1873.

John Millikan,

W. C. Tanzey,

1874.

J. B. Hudson,

George W. ChafRn,

1875.

W. C. Tanzey,

George W. Chaffin,

1876.

C. S. Snyder,

M. S. Creamer,

1877.

J. R. Snyder,

George W. Chaffin,

1878.

T. J. Lindsey,

H. E. Browne,

1879.

H. E. Browne,

M. E. Hard,

1880.

S. S. Salisbury,

W. C. Tansey,

1881.

E. J. Light,

Willis N. Allen.

Year.

Junior Deacon.

Treasurer.

1839.

Daniel McLean,

Joseph Bell,

1840.

Daniel McLean,

Joseph Bell,

1841.

Daniel McLean,

John Jackson,

1842.

John Sanders,

William McElwain,

1843.

Samuel McElwain,

John Sanders,

1844.

Samuel Millikan,

Daniel McLean,

1845.

Samuel McElwain,

Daniel McLean,

1846.

Samuel McElwain,

Daniel McLean,

1847.

John M. Bell,

I^T. Blodgett,

1848.

John M. Bell,

Daniel McLean,

1849.

Amos Wright,

M. Livingston,

1850.

John Irion s.

E. L. Ford,

1851.

John Irions,

E. L. Ford,

1852. ■

Daniel McLean,

George Knott,

1853.

Amos Wright,

Samuel Myers,

1854.

J. F. Ely,

Samuel Myers,

1855.

J. F. Ely,

Samuel Myers,

1856.

George Knott,

J. F. Ely,

1857.

C. Garis,

John Sanders,

1858.

A. Hamilton,

John Sanders,

1859.

A. Rogall,

John Sanders,

1860.

Amos Thornton,

David Being,

1861.

Amos Thornton,

John Miser,

1862.

James Miller,

John Miser,

1863.

A. Rogall,

John Miser,

1864.

E. H. Shoemaker,

John Miser,

1865.

Jacob Thurston,

John Miser,

1866.

W. P. Cleaveland,

John Miser,

1867.

J. A. McLean,

John Miser,

UNION TOWNSHIP.

Tear.

Junior Deacon.

Treasurer.

1868.

J. A. McLean,

John Miser,

1869.

H. L. Robinson,

John Miser,

1870.

H, L. Robinson,

John Miser,

1871.

John Millikan,

John Miser,

1872.

J. W. Duttee,

John Miser,

1873.

J. W. Duffee,

John Miser,

1874.

W. C. Tanzey,

John Miser,

1875.

C. S. Snyder,

Joseph M. McLean,

1876.

J. R. Snyder,

Joseph M, McLean,

1877.

T. T. Beatty,

Joseph M. McLean,

1878.

H. D. Pursell,

D. Furtwaugh,

1879.

M. Barclay,

D. Furtwaugh,

1880.

Philip Kober,

D. Furtwaugh,

1881.

Charles E. Silcott,

D. Furtwaugh.

Year.

Secretary.

Tyler.

1839.

Samuel Millikan,

Valentine Coil,

1840.

Samuel Millikan,

Valentine Coil,

1841.

Samuel Millikan,

John Sanders,

1842.

William 11. Latham,

S. F. Yeoman,

1843.

Samuel Millikan,

Daniel McLean,

1844.

S. F. Yeoman,

John Sanders,

1845.

John M. Bell,

William Smith,

1846.

J. S. B ere man.

John Sanders,

1847.

J. S. Bereman,

William Smith,

1848.

J. S. Bereman,

John Sanders,

1849.

N. Blodget,

John M. Bell,

1850.

N. Blodget,

M. V. Rawlings,

1851.

N. Blodget,

William Smith,

1852.

Amos Wright,

John Sanders,

1853.

John Sanders,

M. Livingston,

1854.

John M. Bell,

M. Livingston,

1855.

Daniel McLean,

S. F. Yeoman,

1856.

Daniel McLean, -

John Sanders,

1857.

Daniel McLean,

John M. Bell,

1858.

A. C. Johnson,

John M. Bell,

1859.

A. C. Johnson,

John M. Bell,

1860.

A. C. Johnson,

L. C. Karney,

1861.

C. A. Palmer.

James W. Miller,

1862.

John L. Wilson,

L. C. Karney,

519

520

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Year.
1863.

Secretary.

J. P. Robinson,

Tyler.

James W. Miller,

1864.

J. P. Pobinson,

James W. Miller,

1865.

B. H. Millikan,

A. J. Lewis.

1866.

B. H. Millikan,

L. C. Karney,

1867.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.

B. H. Millikan,
B. H. Millikan,
B. H. Millikan,
B. H. Millikan,
B. H. Millikan,
B. H. Millikan,

L. C. Karney,
L. C. Karney,
L. C. Karney,
L. C. Karney,
L. C. Karney,
L. C. Karney,

1873.

B. H. Millikan,

S. F. Johnson,

1874.

B. H. Millikan,

W. H. Hammer,

1875.

B. H. Millikan,

C. H. Larrimer,

1876.

B. H. Millikan,

George W. Chaffin,

1877.

B. H. Millikan,

C. S. Snyder,

1878.

B. H. Millikan,

W. H. Hammer,

1879.

B. H. Millikan,

J. L. Millikan,

1880.

B. H. Millikan,

J. L. Millikan,

1881.

B. H. Millikan,

J. L. Millikan.

Royal Arch Masons. — Fayette Chapter, No. 103, was organized
July 1, 1867, under a dispensation granted by Grand High Priest
George Eex, and signed by the following companions : John Turk,
8. JS". Yeoman, J. W. Cleveland, Mills Gardner, E. L. Ford, Lewis
Cook, Adison Bybee, Benjamin F. Mouser, and James F. ^\y.
The officers under the dispensation were as follows : John M.
Tuf-k, High Priest ; S. N. Yeoman, King ; J. W. Cleveland, Scribe ;
J. F. Ely, Captain of the Host ; Mills Gardner, Principal Sojourner ;
Lewis Cook, Koyal Arch Captain; E. L. Ford, M. of 3d V. ;
Adison Bybee, M. of 2d V. ; Benjamin Mouser, M. of 1st V.

The first election was held j^ovember 6, 1867, and the following
officers were chosen : J. M. Turk, High Priest ; S. N. Yeoman,
King; J. F. Ely, Scribe ; J. W. Cleveland, Captain of the Host;
Mills Gardner, Principal Sojourner; W. P. Cleveland, Royal Arch
Captain ; A. M. Stimson, M. 3d V. ; Conrad Garris, M. 2d V. ; B.
F. Mouser, M. 1st v.; B. H. Millikan, Secretary; John Miser,
treasurer; L. C. Karney, Guard.

J. M. Turk served as High Priest till December 23, 1868, when
he was succeeded by Mills Gardner, who served till December 20,

UNION TOWNSHIP. 521

1871. C. Garis was then elected to this office, and succeeded him-
self annually till December 27, 1876. J. M. McCoy was his suc-
cessor December 19, 1877, and served till December 4, 1878, when
H. L. Eobison Avas chosen December 17, 1879. C. Garis was again
elected, and continued till December 15, 1880, when he was suc-
ceeded by W. W. Savage. At that meeting the following officers
were chosen : W. W. Savage, H. P. ; Milo Rockwell, King ; Z.
Smith, Scribe ; T. D. McElwain, C. H. ; C. S. Snyder, P. S. ; H. D.
Pursell, R. A. C. ; T. J. Linsey, G. M. 3d V. ; M. Barclay, G. M.
^d v.; J. E. Jenkins, G. M. 1st V.; W. C. Tanzey, treasurer; R.
Millikan, Secretary; J. L. Millikan, Guard.

The last report to the Grand Chapter showed a membership of
one hundred and six.

My Commandery No. 28, K. T. — A dispensation, dated August
30, 1876, was granted by the R. E, Grand Commander of Ohio, to
the following Sir Knights, to form and open a commandery of
Knights Templar, and the appendant orders, in Washington Court
House, to be called Ely Commandery:

Mills Gardner, C. Garis,

J. P. Ely, E. L. Ford,

Benjamin F. Coffman, A. P. Kirk,

C. O. Stevens, E. B. Updegrove,

A. C. Johnson, A. M. Stimson,
J. F. Hopkins, John R. McLean.

The first conclave of the new commandery was held in Masonic
Hall, Washington Court House, on the 11th day of October, 1876,
at which the following applications for the orders of knighthood
were presented :

Daniel McLean, T. J. Lindsey,

R. A. Robinson, J. B. Hudson,

Daniel Baker, H. L. Robinson,

B. H. Millikan, George W. Chaffin, .
W. H. Hammer, M. §. Creamer,

W. C. Tanzey, ' C. S. Snyder,

J. R. Snyder, Joseph M. McLean,

These applications were, by permission of the R. E. Grand Com-
mander, balloted for at once, after which the commandery ad-
journed until the following evening, for the purpose of conferring
the Orders of Knighthood on the above named applicants.

Sir Knights R. H. Lansing, E. P. Saflbrd, W. E. Evans, J. N.

522 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Miller, and A. C. Ireland, of Chillicotlie Comniandery Ko. 8, were^
present to assist in conferring the orders.

The first knight created was Daniel McLean, the oldest Mason
in the county. He was made a Master Mason in Hillshoro, Ohio,
in July, 1825, and was in his seventy-second year when created a
knight.

The first regular oflicers appointed were : C. Garis, E. C; J. F.
Ely, G.; A. M. Stimson, C. G. ; Mills Gardner, P.; J. W. Woods,
S. W.; A. C. Johnson, J. W. ; A. B. Adams, R.; J. R. McLean,
W.; B. F. Cofltman, S.

A charter was granted by the Grand Comniandery, August 27,
1877. Since the organization eighty-three knights have been
created, and four received on diniit. There have been ten with-
drawals on diniit, seven suspensions, and death has also stricken
from the roster the following worthy Sir Knights : George H.
Smith, of Wilmington, Ohio, in 1878; M. S. Creamer, in 1879 ;
and Henry E. Browne, in 1881.

The following Sir Knights constitute the present oflicers: J. B.
Hudson, E. C. ; R. MiUikan, G. ; R. B. Brown, C. G. ; Mills Gard-
ner, P.; C. S. Snyder, S. W.; W. W. Savage, J. W.; D. Furt-
wangler, T.; T. J. Lindsey, R.; M. Rockwell, S. B.; B. H. MiUi-
kan, S. B.; T. D. McElwain, W. ; J. L. Millikan, S.

The comniandery has participated in two National Triennial
Conclaves — at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1877, and at Chicago, in 1880.
It is now in a,tlioroughly prosperous and growing condition.

THE. CRUSADE.

Three movements for the suppression of intemperance, nearly
allied to each other in mode of operation, and almost simultaneous
in organization, were set on foot in three dift'erent localities. Wash-
ington Court House can not, strictly speaking, claim priority of or-
ganization, yet while the other movements never reached beyond
the limits of the point of initiation, and proved in themselves local
and ephemeral, the seed fell upon good ground in Washington,
and sprang up, grew, and multiplied, forming a nucleus from which
it has radiated in every direction all over the civilized world, wield-
ing an influence that is felt by every nation, morally, socially, and

UNION TOWNSHIP. 523

politiciilh', and as a matter of history should be recorded as a stand-
ing- mouumeut to the heroism of our moderu American women.

INAUGUIJATION,

On the evening of December 24, 1873, the Lecture Association
of Washington Court House had in its course a lecture on "Our
Girls," by Dio Lewis. During the evening he dwelt somewhat
largely upon the havoc being made by tobacco and ardent spirits,
and ottered to suggest a new plan for fighting the liquor traffic,
which, he asserted, if carefully adhered to, would close every saloon
in the place in one week's time. The proposition was heartily ac-
cepted, and a meeting appointed for Christmas morning, at 10 a. m.,
in the Presbyterian Church.

At the appointed hour on Christmas morning a large congrega-
tion assembled in the Presbyterian Church, eager to see the plan
of Dr. Lewis inaugurated with all earnestness and prayer. "Awake !
awake! put on thy strength, 0 Zion!" was sung by the choir;
prayer by one of the pastors, and reading of a Bible selection by
Dr. Lewis, who at once proceeded to his work. We will attempt
no report of his words; suffice it to say that his arguments were
unanswerable, and his expose of the fallacious subterfuges present-
ed by temperate drinkers was complete. For one hour, argument,
illustration, appeal, and demonstration, followed in rapid succession,
until at the conclusion of the address the entire audience were
ready to heartily indorse the plan presented, and there was organ-
ized one of the grandest reformator}^ movements of the age — the
movement now so well and fitly known as the " Woman's Crusade."

On motion of Dr. Lewis, three secretaries were elected and in-
structed to report the names of all the women present, as a com-
mittee of visitation, whose business should be to go in a body to
each of these places, and personally appeal to the proprietors of the
same to stop the business at once, and seek other means of liveli-
hood. This committee was to enlist for the war — that is, to keep
up the work until accomplished.

On motion of Dr. Lewis, a secretary was appointed to take the
names of a number of men, to be called a committee of responsi-
bility, who should furnish pecuniary means needed in the prosecu-
tion of tliis work. William Millikan, sen., was elected to this office,
and in a few moments the following persons volunteered for this
committee :

524

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

A. E. Silcott,
James Pursell,
George Carpeuter,
John Foster,
Mills Gardner,
H. P. Cherry,
Allen Heagler,
R. C. Miller,
C. L. Getz,
M. Herbert,
I. C. Vancleman,
C. H. Brownell,
James M. Adams,
William Pine,
E. C. Hamilton,
W. A. Ustick,
James King,
J. L. Vandeman,
J. P. Robinson.

C. 0. Stevens,
O. M. Grubbs,
G. M. Ustick,
R. Simpkius,
A. L. Reed,
Dr. Salisberry,
Thomas Craig,
William Craig,
A. McCandless,
William Heagler,
H. P. Ustick,
T. M. Ustick,
P. E. Morehouse,
Dr. Matthews,
C. F. Dean,
John Vandeman,
William Millikan,
Z. W. Heagler,

The committee appointed to present the names of the ladies,
offered the following names, all of whom were unanimously elect-
ed, and better still, nearly all served in daily work :

Mrs. P. E. Morehouse,
Miss M. A. Love,
Mrs. William Stevens,
Mrs. 0. Grubbs,
Mrs. J. Vandeman,
Mrs. E. MilUkan,
Mrs. A. Blakemore,
Mrs. William Smith,
Mrs. P. T. Light,
Mrs. H. L. Hadley,
Mrs. B. Ogle,
Mrs. F. Nitterhouse,
Mrs. D. McLean,
Mrs. Allen Heagler,
Mrs. G. Carpenter,
Mrs. M. V. Ustick,

Mrs. George Dahl,
Mrs. M. Gardner,
Miss Kate Foster,
Mrs. Colonel Maynard,
Mrs. A. C. Hirst,
Mrs. Dr. Dennis,
Mrs. Dr. Coffman,
Miss Bell Stuckey,
Mrs. H. P. Cherry,
Mrs. J. B. Priddy,
Mrs. Allen Heagler,
Mrs. M. Blackmore,
Mrs. A. E. Silcott,
Miss L. Millikan,
Miss Emma Wilcox,
Miss Ustick,

UNION TOWNSHIP. 525

. Miss A. E. Robinson, Mrs. H. P. Ustick,

Miss Julia Wood, Miss Ida Dean,

Miss Anna Cherry, Mrs. J. Hopkins,

Mrs. S. Lydy, * Mrs. C. L. Getz,

Miss Brightie Ogle, Mrs. T. Gardner,

Miss Flora Ogle, Mrs. William Gordon,

Mrs. Barnett, Miss A. Kephart,

Mrs. Farmer. •

On motion of Dr. Lewis, a committee of these ladies was ap-
pointed to draw up an appeal to our citizens engaged in the liquor
business. The chair appointed Mrs. George Carpenter, Mrs., A. C.
Hirst, and Mrs. A. E. Pine, to serve on this committee. Mrs. B.
Ogle was then added to this committee of appeal. Closing appeals
of stirring power were made by Dr. Lewis and Rev. A. C. Hirst;
and after a vote of thanks to Dr. Le\vis, for his work among us,
the meeting adjourned to convene in the Methodist Church and
hear the reports of the committees appointed.

Temperance was the all-absorbing theme on that day around
every Christmas board, and upon all the street corners. In the
evening a prayer-meeting was held in the Methodist Episcopal
Church, at which time the chairman of the committee on appeal,
Mrs. M. G. Carpenter, reported the following:

"Knowing, as you do, the fearful effects of intoxicating drinks,
we, the women of Washington, after earnest prayer and delibera-
tion, have decided to appeal to you to desist from this ruinous traffic,
that our husbands, brothers, and especially our sons, be no longer
exposed to this terrible temptation, and that we may no longer see
them led into those paths which go down to sin, and bring both
body and soul to destruction. We appeal to the better instincts of
your own hearts in the name of desolated homes, blasted hopes,
ruined lives, widowed hearts, for the honor of our communit}', for
our happiness, for our good name as a town; in the name of the
God who will judge you as well as ourselves; for the sake of your
own souls, which are to be saved or lost, we beg, we implore you,
to cleanse yourselves from this heinous sin, and place yourselves in
the ranks of those who are striving to elevate and ennoble them-

526 HISTORY OV FAYETTE COUNTY.

selves and their fellow-men ; and to this we ask you to pledge your-
selves."

This appeal was adopted, and has since been used very generally,
not only in Ohio, but in several other sfates. Many prayers and
earnest words were uttered, and the meeting adjourned to reassem-
ble Friday morning in the Methodist Episcopal Church, at 9:30 a. m-

On Friday, December 26, 1873, the meeting convened, pursuant
to adjournment, in the Methodist Episcopal Church. The services
were opened with singing and prayer, and reading of the Scriptures.
One hundred copies of the appeal, to be presented to dealers in in-
toxicating drinks, were ordered to be printed and circulated
throughout the community. Mr. John S. Foster and Mr. Allen
Heagler were appointed to attend to this business.

A call for volunteers being made, Mrs. Dr. Dennis, Mrs. Hopkins,
Mrs. Getz, Mrs. Blakemore, Mrs. Gardner, and Mrs. Johnson, add-
ed their names. Mrs. J. L. Vandeman and Mrs. D. McLean were
appointed to lead the procession, and Mrs. George Carpenter was
appointed captain and reader of the appeal. Mrs. A. E. Pine was
elected to lead the singing, and Mrs. M. V. Ustick was elected sec-
retary.

And now came the most interesting moment of this meeting.
More than forty of the best women in the communit}^ were to go
forth on their errands of mercy. There was much trembling of
hearts, much taking hold on God, much crying, and supplication in
prayer. Such a scene was never witnessed in Washington. Down
the central aisle of the church marched these women to their work,
while the brethren continued^ in prayer to the Almighty, that he
would be with these people as they went from place to place, with
Christian song and prayer, to appeal, face to face, in their various
places of business, to those men who were at work selling liquor,
the tolling of the church bell keeping time to the solemn march
of the women, as the}^ wended their way to the first drug store on
the list.

The number of places within the city limits where intoxicating
drinks were sold was fourteen — eleven saloons and three drug
stores. Here, as in every place, they entered singing, every woman
taking up the sacred strain as she crossed the threshold. This was
followed by the reading of the appeal, and prayer; then earnest
pleading with the saloon keeper to desist from his soul-destroying
traffic, and sign the dealers' pledge.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 527

The novel procession created the wildest excitement on the
streets, and was the subject of conversation to the exclusion of all
others. The work of the ladies was thoroughly done. JS"ot a den
escaped. Into the front door, filling both the front and back rooms.
Pra3^er, followed by Bible arguments, was the answer to the excuses
of these men. Down into the cellar, everywhere, they went with
the same eloquent plea: " We pray you to stop this!" "We mean
you no hurt!" "We beg you to desist!" In tears the mothers,
wives, and sisters, pleaded for their cause.

Thus, all the day they went from place to place, without stopping
even for dinner or lunch, till five o'clock, meeting with no marked
success. But invariable courtesy was extended them; not even
their reiterated promise, "We will call again," seeming to offend.

No woman who has ever entered one of these dens of iniquity
on such an errand, needs to be told of the heart-sickness that al-
most overcame them as they, for the first time, saw behind those
painted windows or green blinds, and entered the little, stifling
"back room," or found their way, down winding steps, into the
damp, dark cellars, and realized that into such j^laces those they
loved best were being landed, through the allurements of the bril-
liantly lighted drug store, the fascinating billiard table, or the en-
ticing beer gardens, with their siren attractions. A crowded house
at night, to hear the report of the day's work, betrayed the rapidly
increasing interest in this mission.

Saturday morning, December 27th, after an hour of prayer, an
increased number of women went forth again, leaving a number of
men in the church, who continued in prayer all day long. Every
few moments the tolling' bell cheered the hearts of the crusaders,
by pealing forth the knowledge that another supplication had as-
cended for their success, meanwhile notes of progress being sent
by the secretary to the church from every place visited.

On this day the contest really began ; and at the first place the
doors were found locked. With hearts full of compassion, the
women knelt in the snow upon the pavement, to plead for the di-
vine influence upon the heart of the liquor dealer, and there held
their first street prayer-meeting.

At night the weary, but zealous workers, reported at mass-meet-
ing the various rebuft's, and the success, in having two druggists
sign the pledge not to sell, except upon the written prescription of
a physician.

528 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

' The Sabbath was devoted to union mass-meeting, with direct
reference to the work in hand; and on Monday the number of la-
dies had increased to nearly one hundred. That day (December
27th) is one long to be remembered in Washington, as the day
upon which occurred the first surrender ever made by a liquor
dealer of his ^stock of liquors, of every kind and variety, to the
women, in answer to their prayers and entreaties, and by them
poured into the street. Nearly a thousand men, women, and chil-
dren, witnessed the mingling of beer, ale, wine, and whisky, as
they filled the gutters and were drank up by the earth, while bells
were ringing, men and boys shouting, and women singing and
praying to God, who had given the victory.

But on the fourth day the campaign reached its height, the town
being filled with visitors from all parts of the county and adjoining
villages. Another public surrender, and another pouring into the
street of a larger stock of liquors than on the previous day, and
more intense excitement and enthusiasm.

Mass-meetings were held nightly, with new victories reported
constantly, until on Friday, January 2d, one week from the begin-
ning of the work, at the public meeting held in the evening, the
secretary's report announced every liquor dealer unconditionally
surrendered, some having shipped their liquors back to wholesale
dealers, others pouring them in the gutters, and the druggists hav-
ing all signed the druggists' pledge.

Thus a campaign of prayer and song had in eight days closed
eleven saloons, and pledged three drug stores to sell only on pre-
scription.

At first men had wondered, scofited and laughed, then criticized,
respected and yielded.

Morning prayer and evening mass meetings continued daily, and
the personal pledge was circulated till over one thousand signatures
were obtained. Physicians were called upon to sign a pledge not
to prescribe ardent spirits when any other substitute could be found,
and in no case without a personal examination of the patient.

A prop'erty holder's pledge was also circulated — pledging men
not to rent or lease property to be used as saloons, nor to allow
any dealings of the liquor traflic to be carried on upon any prem-
ises belonging to them. This pledge was generally signed by
holders of real estate.

During this week came a plea for help from Hillsborough. In

UNION TOWNSHIP. 529

answer to that call on Monday, January 12, a committee consisting
of Profs. Morehonse and Dean, and Mrs. M. G. Carpenter, Mrs.
Judge McLean, Mrs. Judge Priddy, and Miss Annie Ustick went
to Ilillborougli, spent the evening in attendance upon a mass meet-
ing there, and next forenoon in prayer and conference with the
workers, returning in time to attend the mass meeting at home,
bringing with them encouraging words.

By this time, the new method of fighting whisky began to at-
tract the attention of the press and people in surrounding places,
and meetings were announced to be held in every village and school
district in the county ; committees of ladies and gentlemen were
sent out to assist in these meetings. Committees were also sent, by
request, into all adjoining counties, the meetings being constantly
kept up at home and all the while gaining in interest. Early in
the third week, the discouraging intelligence came that a new man
had taken out license to sell liquor in one of the deserted saloons,
and that he was backed by a whisky house in Cincinnati, to the
amount of |5,000, to break down this movement. On Wednesday,
the 14th, the whisky was unloaded at his room. About forty women
were on ;the ground and followed the liquor in, and remained hold-
ing an uninterrupted prayer meeting all day and until 11 o'clock
at night.

The next day — bitterly cold — was spent in the same place and
manner without fire or chairs; two hours of that time the women
being locked in, while the proprietor was oft' attending atrial. On
the following day, the coldest of all the winter of 1874, the women
were locked out and stood on the street holding religious services
all day.

Next morning a tabernacle was built in the street just in front
of the house, and occupied for the double purpose of w^atching
and prayer through the day, but before night the sherift' closed
the saloon and the proprietor surrendered; thus ending the third
week.

A short time after, on a dying bed, this four days' liquor dealer
sent for some of these women, telling them their songs and prayers
had never ceased to ring in his ears, and urging them to pra3'
again in his behalf; so he passed away.

About this time came word from Columbus that the Adair
Liquor Law was in great danger of being repealed ; consequently
the following communication was sent to ever}^ known temperance
organization throughout the state :

530 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

" Washington, C. H., January 30.
" To the Secretary of Women's Temperance League at :

" Dear Sister — By order of the entire body of our Temperance
League, we send you an urgent request that you immediately ap-
point a committee of not less than six of the most earnest and
effective workers, who shall be ready at an hour's notice to respond
to the call embodied in the following resolution :

" Resolved, That the secretary of this meeting be requested to
correspond with the ladies in all places where the temperance
movement is now, or may be progressing, asking the same to ap-
point a delegation to appear at Columbus when called, if any action
of the legislature threatening the safety of the Adair Liquor Law
may be contemplated."

" Please notify us of your decision in the matter, forwarding us
one name to whom we may telegraph."

[Signed by the secretary.]

"Responses poured in from all leagues addressed — the word
'■ready.' But the law remained undisturbed that winter.

At this time the Cincinnati Commercial sent a reporter to view
the land, from whose graphic pen we quote the following :

" I reached Washington at noon, of January 20, and seeking a
beer garden in the vicinity, found the owner in a state of ter-
rible nervousness, as the ladies had spent the forenoon in front of
his place. He evidently regarded me as a spy, but was much moli-
fied when assured that I was only a journalist, and made vol-
uminous complaints in ' High Dutch ' and low English :

' I got no vitnesses. Dem vimens dey set up a shob on me. But
you don't bin a 'bitual drunkard, eh ? l^o, you don't look like him ;
veil, coom in, coom in. Vat you vant, beer or vine? I dell you
dem vimins is shust awful. Py shinks dey puild a house right in
the sthreet, and stay mit a man all day a singin, and oder voolish-
ness. Bud dej- don't git in here once agin, already.'

" In obedience to his invitation, I had entered by the side door —
the front was locked and barred — to find four customers indulging
in liquor, beer, pigs feet. One announced himself as an ' original
Granger,' a second as a retired sailor, while the others were non-
committal. They stated that two spies had just applied for admis-
sion— ' men who would come in and drink, then go, and swear
they were habitual drunkards under the Adair Law ' — and that ac-
counted for the proprietor's suspicion of me.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 531

" The Adair law I find everywhere to be the great horror of
saloon-keepers. It allows any wife or child, or other relative dir-
ectly interested, to prosecute for the sale of liquor to husband or
father ; and almost any one may prosecute for the sale of liquor to
an 'habitual drunkard.'

"Whether such a law be just or constitutional there is much
dispute ; but it is evident that it gives great opportunity for fraud
and blackmailing. It is, however, just now the strong rock of de-
fense of the Ohio temperance people ; and it may be that by its
enforcement, some saloon keepers have been driven out of the busi-
ness who >vould have withstood the prayers of an archangel and
all the tears that sorrowing pity ever shed.

"At the saloon just referred to, the house was kept open nearly
all night; the sounds of revelry were plainly heard, and in the
morning several drunken men came into town, one of whom
tumbled down in a livery stable, and went to sleep on a manure
pile, from which he was carried to the lock-up. Matters were
evidently coming to a crisis, and I went out early, but the ladies
reached there in force just before me. I met the proprietor hur-
rying into town to consult his lawyer, or, as he phrased it, ' to
see mein gounsel venn I no got a right to my own broperty.'

" The main body of the ladies soon arrived, and took up a posi-
tion with right center resting on the door-step, the wings extend-
ing each way beyond the corners of the house, and a rearward
column along th'e walk to the gate. In ludicrous contrast the
routed revelers, who had been scared out of the saloon, stood in a
little knot fifty feet away, still gnawing at the pigs feet they had
held on to in their hurried flight; while I took a convenient seat
on the fence. The ladies then sang —

' Oh, do not be discouraged, for Jesus is your friend,
He will give you grace to conquer, and keep you to the end.'

"As the twenty or more clear, sweet voices mingled in the en-
livening chorus —

' I'm glad I'm in this army,'

The effect was inspiring. I felt all the enthusiasm of the occasion,
while the pigs feet party, if they did not feel guilty, certainly look-

532 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ed so. The shiging was followed by a prayer from Mrs. Mills
Gardner, who prayed for the blessing of God on the temperance
cause generally, and in this place particularly ; then for the saloon
keeper and his family and friends, his house, and all" that loved
bira ; and closed with an eloquent plea for guidance in the difficult
and delicate task they had undertaken. In one respect the prayer
was unsurpassed; it was eminently fitting to the place and the oc-
casion. As the concluding sentences were being uttered, the pro'-
prietor and his ' gounsel ' arrived. The ladies paid no attention
to either, but broke forth in loud strains :

' Must Jesus bear the cross alone ?
No, there's a cross for me.'

" I should need the pen of an Irving and the pencil of a Darley
to give an adequate idea of the scene. On the one side a score of
elegant ladies, singing with all the earnestness of impassioned
nature ; a few yards away, a knot of disturbed revelers, uncertain
whether to stand or fly; halfway between, the nervous proprietor,
bobbing around like a case of fiddle-strings, with a hundred pounds
of lager beer fat hung on them, and on the fence by the ladies a
reporter scribbling away as if his life depended on it. It was pain-
ful from its very intensity.

The song ended, the presiding lady called upon Mrs. Wendels,
and again arose the voice of prayer — so clear, so sweet, so full of
pleading tenderness, that it seemed she would, by the strength of
womanly love, compel the very heavens to open and send down in
answer a spark of divine grace that would turn the saloon-keeper
from his purpose. The sky, which had been overcast all morning,
began to clear, the occasional drops of rain ceased to fall, and a
gentle south wind made the air soft and balmy. It almost seemed
that nature joined in the prayer.

'Are there no foes for me to face.'

With the camp-meeting chorus —

' O, how I love Jesus,
Because he first loved me.'

UNION TOWNSHIP, 533

"As the song concluded, the lawyer suddenly stepped forward
and said :

'Now, ladies, I have a word to say hefore this performance goes
any further. This man has employed me as his attorney. He can
not speak good English, and I speak for him. lie is engaged in a
legitimate business, and you are trespassing on his property and
right. If this thing is carried any further you will be called to
account in the court, and I can assure you the court will sustain
the man. lie has talked with you all he desires to. He does not
want to put you out forcibly; that would be unmanly, and he does
not wish to act rudely. But he tells you to go. As his attorney
I now warn you to desist from any further annoyance.'

' My soul be on thy guard,
Ten thousand foes arise.'

" Miss Annie Ustick followed with a fervent prayer. After con-
sultation the ladies decided to leave the premises, and take a posi-
tion on the adjoining lot. They sent for the ' tabernacle,' a rude
frame building they had used in front of Slater's saloon. This
they erected on an adjoining lot, put up immense lights to illumin-
ate the entrance to the beer garden, and kept up a guard from
early morning till midnight."

For two weeks religious services were held in the tabernacle day
and night, and the women were constantly on duty. At the end
of that time an injunction was granted the saloon keeper, and the
tabernacle was taken down. Suits were then in progress against
the two beer sellers, under the Adair Law, and judgments were
being obtained in various amounts ; the ladies appearing in force
in the court room during each trial, thus giving their moral sup-
port tp. their suffering sisters.

On Friday, February 6, another man opened a beer saloon in a
new locality. The ladies immediately visited him by committees,
and thus spent the day. Next day, however, they took up their
stand in front of his door, continuing their services until late in
the evening, at which time their force was increased by the entire
congregation at mass meeting, who chose to conclude their services
with the watchers in front of the saloon.

Temperance was still the pulpit theme on the Sabbath, and on

534 HISTOR^ OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Monday morning, February 9, all the business houses were closed
from 8 to 9 o'clock, to attend the business men's prayer meeting.
Large delegations were present from adjoining villages at that
early hour. At the meeting, there come a messenger from this
man, stating that he would give up his business, which announce-
ment was received with cheers. It was then decided that all who
were not enjoined from so doing, should march out to the beer
garden before referred to. They were met at the gate by the pro-
prietor, and after a brief consultation with a committee appointed
for that purpose, he publicly announced : " You gomes so many I
guits. I vill never sell any more beer or whisky." Again the
crowd gave vent to their feelings in cheers. Messengers were dis-
patched to the women, who remained praying in the church, to
join them. All the bells commenced ringing, and the procession,
numbering two hundred strong, started out to Sullivan's beer
house, now the only remaining saloon in the township. Marching
up Court Street, the number increased, and amidst the most pro-
found silence the men and women pursued their journey. About
halfway there the man in question was met and interviewed. He
asked two days to consider, which was granted. The procession
then returned, the bells all the time ringing out their chimes upon
the crisp morning air. Meetings, morning and evening, continued
with unabated interest, and at each came the cry from other points:
" Come and help us."

On Wednesday morning, February 11, at mass meeting in the
Presbyterian Church, Mr. Sullivan came in and publicly pledged
himself to " quit /orei'er the liquor business." A general rejoicing
and thanksgiving followed this surrender of the " last man."

Thus through most of the winter of 1874 no alcoholic drinks
were publicly sold as a beverage.

As Dr. Dio Lewis had signiiied his intention of again visiting
Washington on Tuesday, February 17, that day was appointed as
one of general rejoicing and thanksgiving. Accordingly arrange-
ments were made for a mass meeting to be held in Music Hall at
2 p. M. At 1:30 a thousand people were gathered at the depot
awaiting the arrival of the train. Promptly at the hour. Dr. Lew-
is, accompanied by quite a corps of newspaper men, alighted from
the car, and was greeted with music from the band and cheers
from the vast concourse of people. The address of welcome
was made by Mrs. M. G. Carpenter, and after the response by Dr.

UNION TOWNSHIP, 535

Lewis, the remainder of the afternoon was spent in general speech
making. The evening was occupied in listening to a lecture by
Dr. Lewis, and the day fitly closed by an informal reception given
the orators of the occasion, at the home of one of the crusaders.

At the spring election for mayor and city council, temperance
was made the issue, and from motives of policy the temperance
men brought out conservative candidates. The other party did the
same thing. The whisky party were successful, and emboldened
by that success, many of the former saloonist gradually reopened
their business. Since that time, five of these men have gone to
render to God an account for their violated vows.

"The word of the Lord is true from the beginning, and he that
being often reproved, hardeneth hie neck, shall suddenly be de-
stroyed, and that without remedyr"

The summer was given up to the defeat of the license clause in
the new constitution, which was to come before the people on the
18th of August.

Mass Temperance picnics were a prominent feature of the season,
and the untiring zeal of the workers was crowned with success on
election day.

During the intervening years, weekly Temperance League meet-
ings have been kept up by the faithful few, while frequent Union
Mass Meetings have been held, thus keeping the subject always
before the people.

To-day, the disgraceful and humiliating fact exists, that there
are more places where liquors are sold than before the crusade.
Does any one ask the result of all this labor, and if the movement
was a failure? We answer to the first question of results: The
idea that women are to take an active part in the great conflict be-
tween Religion and the Rum power, was evolved by this very cru-
sade. None saw quicker than the women themselves the weak and
strong points of the movement, and these praying bands have be-
. come thoroughly organized Women's Christian Temperance Unions;
and reform clubs, reading rooms, coflfee houses, and friendly inns
are the outgrowth of these " Unions." Other countries have felt
the impulse, and the best women of Europe and Canada are being
organized into" " Leagues " and " Unions."

Another result was the great International Women's Temper-
ance Convention, held June 10th to 12th, and World's Congress on
the 13th day of June of the centennial year, in the land that gave

536 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

the crusade its birth, where were convened representatives from
our own kind, from every country in Europe, from the Sandwich
Islands and Japan, to pray and plan together as to the best means
for carrying forward this great work.

Was this movement then, a failure? No ! N'o! The long list of
reformed lives, the restored happiness and prosperity of once deso-
lated homes, the still longer list of our noble young men, who were
arrested in their first downward steps in the path of intemperance
and ruin, and whose upright and useful lives will be standing mon-
uments of good for years to come ; who dares to compute such
results? The improved public sentiment, banishing the wine cup
from the social circle, from the sideboards and cellars of respectable
homes, the awakening and uniting of all Christian hearts in one
grand work for God and humanity. All these are the outgrowth
of a reformation which has since belted the world — the most far-
seeing being utterly unable to grasp its results.

During the winter of 1876, a grand banquet was given the Ohio
General Assembly, Judiciary and Military ofiicers, by some of the
prominent citizens of our capital city. No labor or expense was
spared in ministering to the comforts or pleasure of the guests, yet
no wine was to be found in all that banquet hall. One of the hosts
of th*e evening remarked, that " before the ' Women's Crusade,' the
giving of such an entertainment without wine would have beeri
impossible."

A failure? No! Eternity alone will unfold the glorious success
of that work. To have banished liquor from the land, as at first
the movement seemed to promise, would have been a miracle, and
God does not now work in such manner, and the work we feel he
meant to do in this crusade, was to rouse up his people to a sense
of their duty, to awaken his church which seemed to be strangely
indifferent, and asleep to this terrible evil. Thus he crowned the
movement with success, and while his followers believe and trust
Him, the good work will go on to completion, for —

" Right is right, as God is God,

And right the day will win,

To doubt would be disloyalty,

To falter would be sin."

Thus far we have copied from the report prepared for the World's
Congress, Junq^ 1876, but a word of the work since that half de-

UNION TOWNSHIP. 537

cade of years has liitted by, and where are we now in this great
reform, in wliicli tlie citizens of Fayette County have so much
reason to rejoice in their' having led the van. For while Dr. Dio
Lewis inaugurated a similar movement in three other places during
the same winter before it was started here, it would have been
classed as the idle vagary of a bewildered brain, but for the nuir-
velous success which attended it lirst in Washington, and gave
it a " local habitation and a name " which struck fire there,
and has been answered by tiarne upon every hill top in almost every
state of 'our land.

Among the later outgrowths of the crusade was the Murphy move-
ment, which counts its reformed men by the thousands ; and the
Reynold's movement of almost equal proportions — waves of reform
which have swept across the nation from Maine to the sunny
Pacific slopes, and brought happiness and comfort to untold thous-
ands. But above all, stands our thoroughly organized " Women's
Christian Temperance Union," representing twenty-seven states
and thirty-one thousand six hundred and thirty earnest, devoted
Christian women, pledged to the cause for life. This mighty host
of workers are making themselves heard and felt on our platforms,
in our pulpits, through our legislative halls, and all over our land ;
and must be a great " power behind the throne " of our law
makers.

They are moving in every direction ; introducing temperance
lessons in Sabbath-schools, and scientific temperance into public
schools and colleges, forming juvenile temperance schools ; induc-
ing corporations and employers to require total abstinence in their
employes ; scattering temperance literature broadcast in the land,
infiuencing the spirit of the press, working in our jails, prisons,
among foreign population, Indians, and colored people ; establish-
ing drawing-room meetings, reading rooms, and friendly inns to
save the unfortunate victims of this cause, by reaching out a
helping hand and to bind the work together by . publishing a
sprightly organ, " Our Union," which should be in the hands of
every temperance woman. In many of these lines of work, Fay-
ette County is showing herself worthy of the spirit which could
inaugurate so wonderful a movement.

At the last annual convention held in Boston, October, 1880,
there gathered such numbers, such eloquence and power, such de-
votion to God and temperance, and such faith in the triumph of bur
38

538 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

cause, that the proud old city felt her pulses stirred, and her soul
quickened with such an awakening upon this subject as she had
never felt before. On the Sabbath immediately following the close
of convention, twenty-four Boston pulpits were filled by members
of that convention, who spoke to crowded audiences in earnest,
burning words. Upon this all important theme, later, during in-
augural week in our capital city, our gifted President, MissWillard,
honored herself, and the great body she represented, in presenting
to the nation the portrait of Mrs. Hayes, who will always be " hon-
ored among women" as having first banished the fateful cup from
our national home, America's highest social pinnacle; thus setting
an example to all other lands.

We are saddened when we recall the old crusade days as we find
so many vacant places, and long for the touch of vanished hands,
and the sound of voices that are still.

THE PRESS OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

We are indebted to Mr, M, Herbert for the following exhaustive
account (with very slight changes) of the newspapers and newspa-
per men of this county. Not only does his excellent article em-
brace these, but much matter of great historic interest is also in-
corporated :

Of the pioneer press of the county, we have found it impossible
to procure necessary material or information wherewith to compile
such a record as would enable us to present to our readers a clear
and succinct summarizing.

Of the earlier newspaper publishers, none are left to enlighten
us as to their varied experience, by detailing the many perplexities
and annoyances which encompassed and surrounded them in pros-
ecuting their. labors. Their brightest thoughts and chief chron-
iclings lay buried with them.

But a few fragments of pioneer journalism remain — but a few
scattering numbers of the many and different newspapers published
here "in the long ago" can now be found — and relics historic they
are truly! serving forcibly to remind us that we of to-day are also
makers of history, and that they who come after us may regret that
we did not better keej) and store the record.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 539

FREEDOM S ADVOCATE.

The lirst newspaper published in Fayette County, was issued here
on Saturday, February 21, 1829, by Joel S. Bereman. It was styled
Frcedorii's Adoocate. Mr. Bereman came here from Ilillsboro, in the
adjoining county of Highland, where he had studied the intricacies
of "the art preservative." Through the columns of his jourual, he
promulgated and advocated Whig doctrines and principles. We
have seeii but one copy (No. 13) of the paper, which is now in pos-
session of one of his daughters, Mrs. M. V, Logan, of this place.
It is considerably frayed, and presents an aged appearance. Mrs.
Logan prizes it highly. It is encased in a frame, under glass, so
that both sides may be read without danger of further mutilation
in handling and perusing.

In the Advocate of date mentioned, there is published a portion
of a letter from one of the engineers of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad Company, who was then sojourning in England in the in-
terest of that great thoroughfare, the letter bearing date Liverpool,
February 4, 1829, and in which the writer mentions having trav-
eled on the Stockton and Darlington Railroad. The distance
(twelve miles) between the points named, he says, was traversed in
about an houi* and a half, the locomotive engine and "wagons" in
the train weighing about eighty tons. In those days, with such a
load, that was considered rapid transit! The letter writer further
says that "the snow had just been scraped off the rails, so that they
were not in the best state for locomotion,'' and that experiments
made before snow fell, on a down grade of ten feet per mile, iifteen
miles per hour, with a load of about seventy tons were made.
The engineer closes his letter by saying : " Upon the whole, we
have every conlidence that we shall succeed with the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad." The letter was tirst published in the Baltimore
Auierican, which journal still has existence.

Mention is made of a steam canal boat, a packet called the " En-
terprise," which had then commenced running between Cincinnati
and Dayton, at speed-rate of four miles per hour! The cabin con-
tained, twenty-seven berths, and two cords of wood were used as
fuel in making the trip, as stated by the Dayton Journal at the time.
It was also stated that George Washington Adams, son of Ex-
President John Q. Adams, was- lost overboard from the ship Benja-

540 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

mill Franklin, on the morning of April 30, 1829, while the vessel
was on her way to New York — from what port not mentioned.
Among the Advocate's selections is a chronological list of the prin-
cipal officers of the United States Government under the constitu-
tion, from 1789 to 1829. An interesting compilation for tjie time.

From the advertising columns we learn that Joseph Bloomer was
sheriif of this county in 1829, and that Samuel Millikan was depu-
ty clerk of court. A. Johnson and H. L. Akin were hotel keepers
here then, the former being landlord of " Washington Hall," and
the latter of the " Washington Hotel." Andrew Holt was engaged
in the business of wool-carding here, and John Messmore at Isaiah
Pancoast's factory, on Deer Creek. Benjamin S. Yeoman announces
that he has commenced the Windsor chair-making business at the
shop formerly occupied by Samuel F. Yeoman, in Wayne Town-
ship. Samuel Lydy and Joel Bohrer publish notices of partner-
ship dissolution, Mr. Lydy stating that he would still continue to
sell groceries and liquors at the old stand. Thomas Rickey was
then conducting the tailoring business here.

The Advocate of date referred to contains but one local news
item, and that of an advertising character, while there is but one
original general news item in the issue — brief mention of a fire in
Cincinnati ! Such a newspaper, nowadays, would be of brief ex-
istence. Yet, when it is understood that rags, feathers, beeswax,
tallow, flour, sugar, bacon, oats, wheat, and deer-skins, were taken
in payment of subscription (two dollars per annum), editorial labor
was doubtless but poorly recompensed then.

THE people's palladium.

Some time in 1831, as we are informed, Arthur Critchfield be-
came proprietor of Mr. Bereman's establishment, and issued there-
from the People's Palladium, a Democratic journal. We have fiiiled
to procure a copy of the paper.

WASHINGTON HERALD.

In the fall of 1832, the office, we are told, passed into the posses-
sion of S. F. Yeoman and S. Lydy, who commenced the publication
of the Washington Herald, the tone of which was Democratic, Mr.
Yeoman, as our informant states, "furnishing the brains" in its
editorial conduct.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 541

WASHINGTON HERALD AND FAYETTE COUNTY REGISTER.

We have before iis four copies of the Washington Herald and
Fayette County Bcgister. The first (No. 35 of Vol. 1) is dated Friday
morning, May 31, 1833. The name of S. Lyd}^ appears as propri-
etor, and that of William Hill as printer and publisher. In his
published prospectus the proprietor announces that '-the columns
of the paper shall be open to all well-written essays, either on poli-
tics, morality, literature, or religion ; but at no time shall anything
like personal vituperation or political invective be encouraged or
inserted." In. the announcement of terms of publication, notice is
given that " all persons whose names are on the subscription list of
the People's Palladium will be considered as subscribers to the Her-
ald nwXW notice to discontinue deli ver}- shall be given;" and that
"any person who has been taking this paper, as published by Yeo-
man k Lydy, wishing to withdraw, will be so good as to give im-
mediate notice."

The Herald above mentioned does not contain a news item of a
local character; but the publisher apologizes for its non-appearance
at the usual time, "in consequence of having the list of forfeited
lands to publish, together with other inconveniences which we (the
publisher) have labored under!" From its advertising columns we
learn that James Ilenton was auditor, and William S. WiUiams
sheriff of the county, in 1833. Daniel McLean and Henry Bly-
stone, jr., were then operating a wool-carding machine here, Mr.
Blystone attending to the practical part of the business. The Si-
amese twins were then on exhibition here, at Stockdale's inn.

The Hercdd of date Wednesday, June 25, 1834, gives the names
of Hill & Baird as its publishers, and champions the Whig cause.
It contains the proceedings of a Whig meeting held at the court
house here on the 21st of that month, on which occasion Dr. T.
McGarraugh was appointed president, Benjamin Rodgers, vice-
president, and H. C. Stewart, secretary. The meeting was ad-
dressed by Robert Robinson, General W.Vance, William Edwards,
and J. S. Bereman. William Vance, Jesse Millikan, sen., and W.
A. Ustick, were appointed a committee to report names of dele-
gates to the nominating convention of the then seventh congres-
sional district, to be held in Chillicothe on the 3d of July following.
Delegates were chosen as follows: For Union Township, J. S. Bere-

542 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

man, Dr. T. McGarrangb, R. Robinson ; Paint Township, Colonel
S. Myers, John Haj's, Moses Stitt; Jefterson, Joseph Parrett, sen.,
E. Popejoy; Wayne, Benjamin Rodgers, William Edwards; Con-
cord, Peter Brown, Leonard Bush; Madison, General B. Harrison,
James Manar}-; Green, Robert Trion, R. Eyre, Jesse Millikan, sen.,
J. S. Bereman, R. Robinson, John Rankin, James Stewart, Samuel
Myers, J. B. Webster, N. F. Jones, B. Harrison, H, Burnett, David
Creamer, W. S. Cockerill, and J. F. Claypoole, were appointed as
County Central Whig Committee.

The county auditor (James Henton) publishes a list of receipts
and expenditures in the Hcrahl of above date, by which it appears
that the total expenditures for the year ending on the last Saturday-
in May, 1834, were |4,301.57. Among the listed contingent items,
we notice that Samuel Lydy was paid $99 " for publishing list of
forfeited lands, expenditures, and notices, in 1833;" and he was.
also paid $57 "for publishing list of delinquent lands in 1833, and
notices to school clerks." Three dollars and sixty-one cents were
paid for paper, pasteboard, chair, etc., for use of auditor's and com-
missioner's office. The quantity of stationery used in the public
offices here in those days must have been immense, and the furni-
ture and fixtures therein at the time quite elaborate ! The latter is
simply gorgeous now ! The account of the county treasurer (Ben-
jamin Henton) shows the total receipts for the year to have been
$8,845.19.4, including balance in his hands at June settlement in
1833 ($1,368.72.7). The total disbursements for the year were $(3,-
983.88.7, which left a balance in treasurer's hands of $1,861.30.7.
Among the receipts we notice that $52 was paid for tavern license,
and $215 for horse license. Jesse Millikan was clerk of court here
in 1834, and postmaster also.

October 22, 1834, the names of Baird & Lydy appear as publish-
ers of the Herald. The issue of 'that date closed the second vol-
ilme of its existence. On that day, however, but a half-sheet was
printed, for which the publishers apologize, assigning as cause
therefor the failure to receive paper in time for that week's issue.
In speaking of the election news, the Herald says " the returns
come in gloriously from all quarters," portending victory for the
Whigs. Notice is given that flour, corn meal, corn, potatoes, wheat,
oats, hay, tallow, hog's lard, pork in proper season, and fire-wood
at all times, would be received in payment of subscription to the
]3aper.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 543

The Herald of November 13, 1834, (No. 3, of third volume,) pre-
sents the name of Robert R. Lindsey as the printer and publisher.
Through the advertising columns, Messrs. Baird and Lydy give
notice that they have disposed of their interest in the office, and
call upon those indebted to them for the last year's subscription, or
part thereof, to settle their dues at the Herald office. Notice is also
given that a petition would be presented to the State Legislature,
asking for the creation of a new county to be taken off the coun-
ties of Ross, Highland, Adams, Pike and Fayette — Bainbridge to
be the county seat. But that quiet village still nestlescosily among
the hills of Ross ! Editorial mention is made that " an Englishman
by the name of Thompson, in addressing an anti-slavery conven-
tion in Augusta, Maine, used language and preached doctrines,
which were so offensive to the citizens that a committee of their
appointment requested him to leave the place," which request he
complied with, but asserted however, that he had " as good a right
to lecture on our internal alfairs as we had to send missionaries
among the heathen." N. F, Jones, as secretary, notified the board
of directors of the county agricultural society, to meet at th^ court
house on the 15th of November, 1854. L. P. Reid was the land-
lord of the " National House," and Joshua Holmes was caterer in
" Washington Hall," previously known as " Stockdale's Hotel," in
which latter building Jesse MiUikan preceded William Stockdale
as hostelry keeper. The Herald, under Mr. Lindsey's management,
disseminated Whig doctrine.

GENIUS OF LIBERTY.

We have also before us three numbers of the Genhis of Liberty,
a Democratic journal, printed and published here, in 1834, by J.
M. Morgan. The first (No. 14, of volume 1,) bears date Saturday,
November 1, 1834, and is but a half-sheet, from which issue the
publisher apologizes, making mention that it is the first occurrence
of failure to print a whole sheet, " a number of circumstances pre-
venting the appearance thereof." It chronicles the destruction of
"the splendid mansion of President Jackson," near Nashville, Ten-
nessee, by fire, on the 14th of the preceding month. Its news
columns contain nothing of a local character, but the delinquent tax
list occupies nearly an entire page (four of the five columns) of the
paper.

544 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

The Genius of November 8th, glorilies over the result of the elec-
tion returns ; the prominent issue then pending being the re-chart-
eriug of the United States Bank, which was favored by the Whigs
and opposed b}' the Democrats. The editor says : " The late elec-
tions have spoken in a loud voice. The bank and its advocates can
not but have heard that voice. It is to them a warning voice. The
people have spoken. They have been true to themselves; and by
their united efforts, they have rescued their country from the wide-
extended jaws of a hydra-headed monster."

The Genius of November 15th, after indulging in further exulta-
tion over the election returns, gives us an idea as to what was then
the method of conducting a partisan newspaper. " And now," says
the editor, " come on all the evils that are incident to printers.
After battling for many months one party strikes a decisive stroke.
That done, all is over * * * To gain so many and such tri-
umphant victories are bad things for a party, but far worse for the
printer. While the success of one party lulls them asleep the other
is silenced by defeat ; so the printers have nothing to write about
nor think about. * * * Q for an election every month ! (cries
the editor in conclusion,) that the people might feel and know that
they are still in existence ! "

And so the meager mention — the almost total neglect, in fact —
of matters local, may be accounted for in those days, politics being
then the all-absorbing " stock in trade," especially of the village
press. But journalism has changed since that time : The spirit of
enterprise has long since crept into and taken control of its direc-
tion and management. The " home newspaper " of to-day which
does not give special notice to local affairs, is deemed unworthy the
patronage and support of the comnmnity wherein it is published.
The journalist who takes note of and chronicles, with encouraging
word and well-timed encomium, our advancement in the march of
progress and improvement is a benefactor ; for he thereby effectively
aids in the accomplishment of benelicial results and achievement
of mighty deeds.

The prurient newspaper conductor is but a cankerous incubus on
journalism ; the slime and filth which he uproots and scatters,
proves but pestilential and injurious to the well-l)eing of society,
and his noxious ebullitions should be summarily and effectuall}' dis-
countenanced. The journalist who, by decorous use of the pen,
causes evil to vanish and righteousness prevail is a moral teacher.

UNION TOAVNSHIP. 545

whose good works and wholesome endeavor slionld be fostered and
cherished. The political" writer, too, who falsifies in statement and
perverts truth, is but a driveler whose frothings should be swept
up and carted away as rubbish ; while he who manfully combats
misrepresentation by clear citation of fact is to be commended for
his candor, and rewarded for his uncompromising advocacy of and
adherence to right.

We have been favored with a cop}' of the Genius of Liberty and
Democrat RepvMican, (JSTo. 33 of volume 1,) of date Saturday, May
16, 1835. Beneath its lengthy title, the Genius sports the motto :
" Unawed by the influence of the rich, the great or the noble, the
people must be heard, and their rights vindicated." The names of
J. Jamison and W. Loof bourrow are given as its proprietors, and
that of William Hill as its editor and printer. It was Democratic
in tone.

Editorial mention is made of the issuance by Governor Robert
Lucas of proclamation, convening the legislature in special session
on Monday, June 8th, then next ensuing, for the purpose of set-
tling difiiculties between Ohio and the then territory of Michigan,
relative to the locating of what was termed our northern boundary
line. For a time affairs looked warlike, the governors of the state
and territory (Lucas of Ohio and Morrow of Michigan^ having
each marshalled armed forces in support of their positions and
views, as to the adjustment of the question pending — and Buckeye
and Wolverene in hostile array confronted each other. The case
was peaceably settled, however, by congressional interference in
favor of Ohio.

In a local and advertising way, the Genius announces that W.
Loof bourrow, one of its proprietors, was appointed a delegate to
the National Democratic Convention, which was to meet in the
city of Baltimore on the 20th of May. James M. Baird notifies all
persons who know themselves to be indebted to the former pro-
prietors of the WashirigtOH Herald, (he being one of said proprietors,)
for advertising, subscription, etc., to call immediately and settle
with him. Judging from the tenor of his notice, some other party
or parties mnst have supposed themselves to be entitled to receive
such funds. A conflict had evidently arisen as to who was justly
entitled to receive the ducats. Joshua Holmes, landlord of the hotel
known as Washington Hall, died on the 7th of May, of typhus
fever, in the twenty-fifth year of his age.

546 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

The bank of Cliillicothe, (J. Woodbridge cashier,) gave notice
that it would furnish sight checks on New York, Philadelphia and
Baltimore, at premium of half per cent; and that notes of most of
the banks in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky would be received
in exchange, subject, of course to current discount charge. D. Mc-
Lean advertises his wool-carding and fulling establishment for
rent. Joseph Bell announces the purchase, by him, of the stock-
of goods of S. F. Knight & Co., and that lie would continue the
general mercantile business at the old stand. Mrs. Robert Wilson
was then engaged in the millinery business here. Having a supply
of leghorns, she was "-prepared to alter and do up bonnets after
the latest fashion." She had on hand boys' silk and Circassian
caps ; and would make girls' bonnets, etc., to order.

Matthew J. Ivy then conducted a shaving, hair-cutting and re-
novating establishment here, in the room formerly occupied by J.
L, Millikan as a store. In making the announcement, he says :

" In trimming hair it wanteth taste,
To suit the person and the face ;
And scraping chins, that tender part,
To do with ease requireth art.
With scissors sharp and razors keen,
'Tis I can scrape your faces clean ;
And last of all, to serve you well,
I'll from your clothes the dust expel."

S. A. Smyth was then engaged in the tailoring business here,
one door east of L. P. Reid's National House. The prospectus of
the Phrenological Journal, the initial number of which was to have
been issued on the 1st of August, 1835, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y.,
appears in the Genius of May 16th. Among the news gleanings,
under the caption, " Gratifying news from France — favorable report
on the American indemnity question," the New York Evening Post
states that by packet-ship Sylvie de Grasse from Havre, French
papers of March 30th and 31st had been received, which contained
the highly gratif3ing intelligence that the committee of the cham-
bers had reported in favor of an appropriation of 25,000,000 francs,
being made to comply with the terms of the treaty of July 4,
1831, between the King of the French and the United States.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 547

POLITICAL HORNET.

In 1836, there was published liere a campaig-n paper styled tlie
Political Hornet, wliich advocated the claims of W. H. Harrison for
president. The Hornet, we learn, had " numerous contributors,"
among them Robert Robinson and J. S. Bereman. M. V. Raw-
lings, now a resident of Missouri, executed the mechanical work
on the paper. Mr. Rawlings commenced the study of the printing
business here in 1832, in the office of the People's Palladium, under
A. Crihfield. We are informed that "the county, up to 1836 had
been Democratic ; but that year, by the assertion of many truths
and some lies, the Whigs elected the entire county ticket." We
have not found a cop}' of the Hornet, but wish we could obtain one.
It was, no doubt, a spic}' political sheet.

THE CIRCULATOR.

Saturday, January 6, 1838, Elisha Williams Sexton issued here
the first number of a journal styled the Circulator. It was printed
in this place, and, as we learn by the third number, dated January
20, 1838, Avas "published simultaneously in Washington and Lon-
don, in the legislative district composed of the counties of Fayette
and Madison," being delivered in London, by private express, on
the day of its issue. At that time, according to the published
prospectus, there was no other paper " in course of publication
within the limits of the district." In the prospectus, Mr. Sexton
says : " It is not our intention to publish a strictly neutral journal,
inasmuch as we hold the right of expressing our humble opinions
too sacred to l)e dispensed with ; yet we will endeavor to make it
(the CArcidator) so decorous and mild in its course that the most
violent partisan may not take umbrage at it. Our sentiments, (says
Mr. Sexton,) in the modern acceptation of the term, are decidedly
Whig."

By the Circulator of the date last mentioned, we learn that the
Mexicans were about to invade Texas; and Mr. Sexton, in alluding
thereto, says: "Hurra for Texas!" The postmaster-general of
Texas, it is stated, had appointed Mr. Samuel Ricker, jr., of New
Orleans, agent for the post-ofiice department of "that republic."
Letters destined for "that country," post-paid to New Orleans and

548 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

directed to his care, would be forwarded by the regular mails. The
phrasiiigs quoted, that repahUc and that coimtry, sound strange
now. The closing part of President Van Buren's proclamation
relative to the Canadian difficulties then pending, (insurrectionary
movements began there in 1837,) and which the Circulator, in pub-
lishing, says is just what it anticipated, and as it should be, reads
as follows: " Now, therefore, to the end that the authority of the
law^s may be maintained, and the faith of treaties observed, I, Mar-
tin Van Buren, do most earnestly exhort all citizens of the United
States, who have thus violated their duties, to return peaceably to
their respective homes ; and hereby warn them, that any person
who shall compromit the neutrality of this government, by inter-
fering in an unlawful manner with the neighboring British prov-
inces, will render themselves liable to arrest and punishment under
the laws of the United States, which will be vigorously enforced ;
and, also, that they will receive no aid or countenance from the
government, into whatever difficulties they may be thrown by the
violation of the laws of their country, and of the territory of a
neighboring and friendly, nation."' The proclamation bore date
January 5, 1838.

Some statistics of Fayette County, as compiled from the report
of the auditor of state for 1837, are published in the third issue of
the Circulator. The number of acres of land in the county is given
as 236,265 acres; value of same, including houses, $356,212; value
of town lots, including buildings, $33,258; number of horses, 3,565;
value of same, $142,600; number of cattle, 5,753; value of same,
$46,024; merchants' capital and money at interest, $35,727; num-
ber of pleasure. csCrriages, 27; value of same, $1,779 ; tax on phy-
sicians and lawyers, $24 ; total amount of taxable propert}^,
$615,580; amount of tax paid into state treasury, $7,397.

Other items of interest, of like character, contained in the re-
port, are also published. The greatest amount of tax paid by a
single county, during 1837, was by Hamilton, $156,437; the least
by Henry, $1,056; greatest number of acres of land in one countj^
was in Trumbull, 556,296 ; least in Wood, 2,956 ; most horses in
Richland, 9,141 ; least in Henry, 180 ; greatest number of cattle
in Trumbull, 24,107 ; least in Henry, 510.

George Mantle, Samuel SoUars, and James Kirkpatrick, surplus
revenue Fund Commissioners of Fayette County, publish a state-
ment, dated January 6, 1838, relative to the condition of said funds,

UNION TOWNSHIP. 549

as used in this county. The total amount thereof received from
the state was |14,485.92, and it was h^aned to individuals at the
rate of 7 per cent, per annum, on personal security. The amount
loaned in each township was : Union, |4,350 ; Paint, |4,650 ; Jef-
ferson, |2,350 ; Madison, $1,000 ; Concord, $500 ; Wayne, $1,400 ;
Green, $250. The amount due and not in suit was $300. Of the
annual income of tlie fund ($1014.01.4) $724,29.6 was appropriated
for school purposes, $126.21.8 for county purposes, and $163.50 to
defray expenses of management.

In 1835 the United States was out of debt! An occurrence which
has hut once (at that time only) transpired in our national history ;
nor is it likely ever to occur« again. The funds in the national
treasury then increased and rapidly accumulated in excess of the
expenditures.

S. F. Yeoman, in a communication to the Circidator of January
20, 1838, defines his position on the question, "Would a well-regu-
lated national bank advance the prosperity of the United States?"
Mr. Yeoman took position on the affirmative side of the question.
In closing, he says : " I have only to say in conclusion, that ' men
change, but principles never.' And I most unequivocally declare
that I hold the same principles now that I did prior to the election
of General Jackson. I then thought the administration was cor-
rupt, and believed the public good required a change ; and I now
think the administration equally corrupt, and most conscientiously
believe that the policy recommended by Mr. Van Buren will, if
carried into operation, produce a state of unexampled embarrass-
ment in public business, and of general distress to the community."

As to what the mail facilities of Washington then (January,
1838) were, may be inferred from the following published " mail
arrangements ": Eastern mail arrives every Monday, Wednesday,
and Friday evenings, and closes at 9 o'clock p. m. ; Western mail
arrives every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday night; Chillicothe
mail leaves every Tuesday and Friday at 12 m., and arrives
Wednesdays and Saturdays at 3 p. m. The mail from Washington
to Decatur, via Hillsboro, leaves every Friday at 12 m., and returns
every Monday at 12 m. ; Columbus mail departs every Tuesday at
5 A. M., returns every Thursday at 8 p. m. ; Centerville mail arrives
every Wednesday at 10 a. m., and departs same day at 1 p. m. S.
A. Smyth was then postmaster, and L. J. Wood was coroner of
the county.

550 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

From the Circular of April 14, 1838, we obtain some information
of a general and local character. By it we learn that eighty thou-
sand copies of a speech delivered by Mr. AVebster, on the sub-
treasury bill, had been printed. Also, that Whig meetings were
being held in all quarters of the state, and that it was thought the
then ensuing 31st of May convention would be a very large one.
Foreign wheat, it is stated, was then " again pouring into the coun-
try." The Baltimore American, at that time, stated that one vessel,
the Prussian brig Frederick, had just brought a cargo of 17,000
bushels from Wolgast. Four or five other cargoes, then afloat,
had also arrived ; and that some parcels previously received had
gone into store. Wheat was then sold in Baltimore at $1.60 to
to 11.67 per bushel.

Wade Loofbourrow, William Edwards, and David Creamer,
were then county school examiners, having been so appointed un-
der the then new law, by the court of common pleas. At that
time, it is stated, there were twelve hundred newspapers in the
United States. The Circular says : " Printers are so scarce in In-
diana that some of the editors are learning their little girls to set
type. We have had a female apprentice in our office for some
time."

The proceedings of a Whig meeting, held in the court house
here, April 7, 1838, by " citizens opposed to the (then) present ad-
ministration, for the purpose of appointing delegates to the state
convention," to meet at Columbus on the 31st of May following,
appear in the Circulator of April 14th. Colonel Samuel Myers was
chairman, and E. W. Sexton secretary of the meeting. A commit-
tee of one from each township Avas appointed to nominate suitable
persons as delegates to the state convention, which committee was
composed as follows : From Paint Township, J. L. Myers ; Madison,
Major J. Leavel; Union, R. Robinson ; Wayne, Benjamin Rodgers:
Green, John King; Jefferson, D. Creamer; Concord, R. Burnett.
Delegates to the state convention were named aud appointed as
follows: For Wayne Township, Jackson Rodgers, William Gorm-
ley, and William Edwards^ Paint Township, John Hays, Thomas
Green, and Samuel Myers; Jelierson, Membrance Blue, John Bar-
rett, and David Creamer; Concord, Peter Brown, Henry Burnett,
and Charles Williams; Green, Robert Eyre, Jacob Todhunter, and
John King; Madison, Batteal Harrison, William Pinkerton, and
Shreve Pancoast; Union, Joseph Bloomer, John Rankin, and Wil-

UNION TOWNSHIP. 551

liam Rush; Town of Washington, J. S. Bereman; Bloonnngburg,
Dr. E. Martin.

The delegates, in the discharge of their duties, were instructed
to use all honorable means to promote the nomination of General
W. H. Harrison for president; but that they should at the same
time assure their associates in the convention that their constituents
would "give their undivided support to Mr. Clay, or any other
nominee." The delegates were also instructed to use their exer-
tioii to secure the nomination of General Vance for governor. By
resolutions, "the work of pohtical reform so earnestly begun in
other portions of the United States," was commended, and the dis-
organized state of the country at that time deprecated — our country's
" paralyzed commerce, and her depreciated currency, were brought
about by a malignant and unwise course of public policy, pursued
by those Avho administer the aiiairs of our national government.
Instead of giving us a golden currency, wherewith every 'substan-
tial farmer' would have an abundance, we have a currency the most
worthless in the world."

The " act to abolish imprisonment for debt" in the State of Ohio
is published in the Circulator of April 14, 1838. In business line
•here then, we notice that Olds & Yeoman were engaged in mercan-
tile pursuit, Benjamin Bowers in chair-making, and C. Parvin in
tailoring; and Sanders & Millikan published notice of business
dissolution. Daniel McLean, as executor, advertised that he would
sell on the 21st of April, 1838, the effects, real and personal of N.
F. Jones, deceased, including two hundred and forty acres of land,
at late residence of deceased, in Jefferson Township. Nicholas
Hay, as administrator, notified those indebted to, and having claims
against estate of Christopher Milltir, deceased, to call and settle.

In the Circulator of October 6, 1838, W. II. Creighton and Wil-
liam Palmer, rival candidates for the State Legislature, in district
composed of the counties of Fayette and Greene ; having been
questioned in reference thereto, defined their position as to the
civil rights of colored persons, at that time, in Ohio — the colored
man's status, as they understood it to be fixed by law, state and
national.

What a grand glorious work was consummated, and triumph
achieved when we forever wiped out the foul blot of slavery from
our national escutcheodi! Truly, an all-seeing eye, an overruling
providence must have guided and controlled our destiny, when and

552 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

while the terrible coiillict was being waged. Ah I in that gigantic
struggle, vice and error on the one side did menacingly stand,
while truth and right did boldly confront, and in battle's dread
gauge were victor.

Says the Circulator of above date : " No man can, henceforth, be
heard through our columns unless he be a yearly sul)6criber. Some
of these times we shall publish a communication precisely as it is
sent to us." That policy adhered to, a mighty host of would-be-
great ones, would speedily be extinguished. Micajah Draper 'was
appointed, October 1, 1838, assistant treasurer of the Goshen, Wil-
mington and Columbus Turnpike Company, the stock subscription
books for construction of which thoroughfare were then open.
Eight death notices were in the Circulator of October 6, 1838 :
Catherine Millikan, consort of Curran Millikan, on the 1st of that
month; same day, in Paint Township, John Wilson, sr. ; Arseneth,
youngest daughter of S. F. Yeoman, on the 2d ; George Rodgers
on the 3d ; same day, near this place, Mrs. Carr, consort of Jehu
Carr ; a few days before, Mary Elizabeth, eldest danghter of

the late S. A. Smyth; and Miss Crothers, daughter of Judge

Crothers, of this county ; also, Obediah Edge, an old inhabitant of
this vicinity.

By the advertising columns of the Circulator, above date, we
learn that Webster, Melviu k Co. succeeded the firm of Plumb &
Webster in general merchandizing here ; Daniel McLean was deal-
ing in produce, provisions, and patent medicines ; E. H. Crow was
tailoring opposite the court house, in the room formerly occupied
by M. Blue as a tavern; Mrs. Susan Henkle was conducting busi-
ness as seamstress; Robert Wilson was engaged in the saddlery
business; and J. L. Millikan #as running a tan-yard adjoining
Wade Loof bourrow's premises, immediately south of the court
house. While Richard Millikan was " off on the high seas rolling,"
he was legally notified (in the Circulator) to "plead, answer, or de-
mur," within sixty days after August 25,1838, to a petition in court
here, he being an interested party in partition disposition of cer-
tain real estate in notice of partition referred to, and of which
Jesse Millikan was stated to have died seized. Dr. A. A. Morri-
son then tendered his professional services to the public, and an-
nounced that he would adhere, in practice, to the "principles taught
at Worthington College, prohibiting the use of mercury and all its
preparations; antimony, arsenic, and all minerals of a poisonous

UNION TOWNSHIP. 553

and corrosive nature." Office at Cissna's hotel. Dr. F. II. Jen-
nings, at the same time, announced that he would leave Washing-
ton, and advised those indebted to him that they would confer, a
lasting favor by settling their accounts. Eneas F. Yeoman then
appealed to his fellow-citizens to elect him county assessor, having
been, early in the spring, afflicted with white-swelling in one of liis
legs, which incapacitated him for active work, and rendered him a
cripple for life. Wade Loofbourrow was postmaster here then,
and John B. Webster county treasurer.

The Circulator of March 10, 1838, contains an obituary notice of
the death of JSTorman Fennel Jones, who died here March 1, 1838.
He had served as county auditor, and had been elected justice of
the peace for many successive terms. He was born in Pittsfield,
Vermont, August 28, 1796. His mother died when he was in his
fifth, and his father when he was in the sixteenth year of his age.
Shortly after his father's death he went to the State of New York,
and while there learned the saddlery business. After residing in
that state about seven years, he came to this place, and subsequent-
ly acquired considerable property. Soon after he came here he
united with the Presbyterian Church. In May, 1819, he married
Mary McLean, sister of Judge D. McLean. He is spoken of by
his biographer as having been a kind and affectionate husband
and father — one who, as a neighbor, was beloved by all, and as a
public servant commanded general respect.

The Ciridator above alluded to mentions having learned, the
evening previous to the date, of its publication, through the Ohio
Statesman, of Columbus, that J. S. Bereman had been appointed
associate judge for this county.

The following ticket is published in the Circidafor of October 6,
1838:

For Governor — General Joseph Vance.

For Congress, to represent seventh district, composed of the
counties of Ross, Scioto, Jackson, and Fayette — Colonel W. K.
Bond, Allen Latham.

For Representative (counties of Fayette and Madison) — William
H. Creighton ; (nominated by a district convention), William Palmer.

For Sheritf— Arthur McArthur, L. P. Reid, Curran MilHkan,
John McLain, jr., William S.' Williams, Seth Hukill, Joseph Bell,
John Jackson, Samuel Dunkle, Stephen Yeoman, Solomon Carr,
Benjamin F. Dewitt.

39

554 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

For Recorder — Samuel Loofbourrow, S. F. Kerr, C. B. Wood-
nifF, Thomas Holland.

. For Auditor — Samuel Millikan, James HeDtoii, Charles M; Wil-
liams, Jared Plumb.

For Coroner — Laj'tou J. Wood, Z. W. Heagler.

For Commissioner — Merrit Jamison, George Mantle, William
Limes, Benjamin A. Crone.

For Assessor — John L. Chorn, Samuel Hamilton, J. W. Williams,
Eneas F. Yeoman, Jacob Wood.

The omnibus was well filled inside, somewhat crowded outside,
and " somebody got left."

The Cincinnati Chronicle gave the aggregate value of three sta-
ple articles of produce in this country, during 1839, as 1100,500,000
(cotton, 181,000,000 ; tobacco, 115,000,000; rice, $4,500,000) ; while
the value of breadstuffs was 1275,000,000.

FAYETTE REPUBLICAN.

A copy of the Fayette Repahluan (No. 4, Vol. 1; R. R. Liudsey,
publisher) ; dated Washington, January 11, 1840, has been handed
to us. It was printed in Wilmington, Clinton County. The num-
ber before us contains nothing of special local interest to readers in
this county; even the advertisements (that of C. Parvin and F. H.
Tomlinson, tailors, excepted), are those of Wilmington business
houses, etc. By it we learn that R. S. Beeson (now engaged in the
hardware business here) was then engaged in general merchandis-
ing in Wilmington, on South Street, opposite the court house.
The surplus revenue fund commissioners of Clinton County, at that
time (William Walker, Ezekiel Haworth, and David F. Walker),
publish a statement relative to said fund, by which it appears that
Clinton County received from the state treasury, of that fund,
$19,926.55.

President Van Bureu's message, of date December 2, 1839, ap-
pears in the RepuhUcan. The Columbus Statesman having spoken
of it as a " second declaration of independence," the Repahlk-an said
"the Statesman must certainly be crazy," and pronounces the n^es-
sage " the lamest production that ever emanated from the chief
magistrate of this nation. It is," says the Republican, " the distilla-
tion of loco-focoism ; and the doctrines therein advanced breathe
the spirit of a monarch."

UNION TOWNSHIP. 555

The Bcpahlican prints, as "true Whig doctrine," the embodiment
expression of Governor Barbour, of Virginia : " One presidential
term; the integrity of the public servants, and safety of the public
money; and the general good of the people." It also announces
that " Mr. Pendleton, of Ohio, stated in the convention that it was
the wish of General Harrison, if elected to the presidency, to serve
only one term."

Mention is made in the RepiMican above referred to, that the
publication of a new paper, to be called the Whisky Barrel, was
then soon to be commenced in Louisville, Kentucky, the object be-
ing, through its columns, "to make war upon all temperance laws
and temperance societies." Wesley Roberts & Co., it was stated,
were "to preside over the bung-hole and spigot." Its line of argu-
ment must have been of an ardent, stimulating — we might say in-
toxicating— nature. And its array of figures in jjroof were, doubt-
less, somewhat fab'lous.

THE WASHINGTONIAN.

The first Q^o. 3 of Vol. 1), of date August 22, 1840, issued under
the editorsliip of J. S. Bereman and E. W. Sexton, the latter gen-
tleman l)eing announced as publisher, contains a " plan of the stand-
ing army of two hundred thousand men (militia) submitted to con-
gress by the secretary of war, and recommended by the president
of the United States." The WasJiingtoiiian editorially opposes the
measure. It says : " The power it gives to the president is such as
illy becomes a republican people, and as is only to be found in the
most absolute despotisms of Europe. This is the strong feature of
the bill. The concentration of power in the hands of the executive
is what all Democrats oppose. It is what they opposed in Jefier-
son's day, and to which they still stand opposed."

Samuel Pike must, at the date above mentioned, have been en-
gaged in publishing a paper here, as we find in the Wasliingtonian
a "proposition" submitted, that if he would publish in his journal
(alluded to as the Democrat), from that time until the election, tlie
annual expenditures of the general government, from 1824 until
1840, exclusive of payments on account of the public debt, the
WashiDgtonlan would publish a like amount of matter, to be sub-
mitted by Mr. Pike, provided that it should be suitable to appear in
print.

556 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

The following ticket, surmounted by a log cabin, with " hard
cider" barrel alongside, and captioned " Democratic- Whig nomina-
tions," is printed in the WashuKjtotiian of date above mentioned :

For Governor. — Thomas Corwin.

For Congress — William Russell.

For Representatives for the counties of Fayette, Highland, and
Adams — James Crothers, David Reese, James Smith.

For Sheriff — Robert Cissna.

For Auditor — Jared Plumb.

For Commissioners — Isaac Jenkins, John Hays.

For Assessor — Membrance Blue.

For Coroner — James Vance.

The "Harrison and Tyler" central committee for Fayette County
was constituted as follows: Samuel F. Yeoman, Robert Robinson,
Robert Cissna, Daniel McLean, J. S. Bereman, Samuel F. Kerr,
James N. Wilson, Samuel Lydy, Joseph Blackmore.

Z. W. Heagler was county treasurer in 1840. R. Robinson and
B. Martin were then associate partners in the practice of law here,
and Richard Smith & Co. were engaged in general merchandising
and manufacture of " patent brooms."

In the Washingtonian of Saturday, August 22, 1840, is announced
the marriage, on Thursday preceding, by Rev. J. C. Eastman, of
Mr. Elisha W. Sexton, junior editor of that journal, to Miss Mar-
garet Sutherland, of this vicinity.

In the same number (3 of volume 1) is also published, with cap-
tion " the People's Ticket," an aphorism of Patrick Henry : " Who
can save the liberty of the country when the purse and the sword
are united in the hands of the executive ? "

For President — William Henry Harrison.

For Vice-President — John Tyler, of Virginia.

For Governor of Ohio — Thomas Corwin.

For Congress— William Russell.

Senatorial Electors — William R. Putnam, of Washington Coun-
ty; Reazin Beall, of Wayne.

DISTRICT ELECTORS.

1st District, Alexander Mahew, Hamilton County.
2d " Henry Harter, of Preble.
3d " Aurora Spafford, of Wood.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 557

4th District, Joshua Collett, of Warren.
5th " Abram Miley, of Clermont.
6th " Samuel F. Vinton, of Gallia.
7th " . John I. A^anmeter, of Pike.
8th " Aqnilla Toland, of Madison.
9th " . Perley B. Johnson, of Morgan.

10th " John Dukes, of Hancock.

11th " Otho Brashaer, of Guernsey.

12th " James Raguet, of Muskingum.

13th " Christopher Miller, of Coshocton.

14th " John Carey, of Crawford.

15th " David King, of Medina.

16th " Storm Rosa, of Geauga.

17th " John Beatty, of Carroll.

18th " John Augustine, of Stark.

19th " John Jamison, of Harrison.

The same paper of Saturday, September 19, 1840 (No. 7 of Vol.
1), says: " AVe have just returned from the great Harrison conven-
tion held at Chillicothe, the ancient metropolis. We have only
time to say, as our paper is going to press, that it was emphatically
a coming together of the people — a^ turn-out of the western
democracy in their strength. We can scarcely form a conjecture of
the number present: estimates were from sixty to eighty thousand.
H< * * On Thursday General Harrison addressed the vast multi-
tude for more than two hours in a strain of eloquence that would
have done credit to the best orator of the Grecian age, and in a
voice that Avas heard distinctly by at least fifty thousand."

The same paper of above date exults over the result of the elec-
tion for otlicers of the new township of Marion, the Whigs having,
the Saturday previous, elected A. Lloyd and G. Mantle justices of
the peace, and W. Penniwell and E. Griffith constables; in connec-
tion with which we are led to infer that there must have been pub-
lished here, at that time, a Democratic campaign paper styled the
Pojp-gun^ which having suggested the advisability of the Tippecanoe
Club sending a log cabin to "young Marion" before the holding of
the above election, the Washingtonian subsequent thereto says :
" This was rather a premature j^op of yours, Mr. Pop-gun. * * h<
Suppose you vad again, and give us another pop for 'young Marion'
in anticipation of the October election?"

John Jackson, as sherift", publishes a proclamation for,holdiug

558 • HISTORY OP j-ayette county.

an election on the second Tuesday of October (13th day of month)
then next ensuing, for the purpose of choosing a governor for the
State of Ohio, a representative in congress for the seventh congres-
sional district of Ohio, three representatives to represent the coun-
ties of Fayette, Highland, and Adams, in the house of representa-
tives of Ohio, one sherilf for the county of Fayette, one auditor,
two commissioners, one assessor, and one coroner.

The paper mentions the destruction by fire, on the 11th of Sep-
tember, of the woolen factory of Mr. Bush, on North Fork; and
chronicles the death of Henry Snyder, at Greenfield, Highland
County, on the 17th of the month, after a long and painful illness.
Two of his tjrothers and his father from the same cause (typhoid
fever), died about the same time. W. II. H. Duun, successor to L.
Campbell, was then conducting the saddlery business here.

The Washingtordan of January 16, 1841, publishes what it styled " a
new idea," wdiich was advanced b}' a writer in the Ohio Confederate.
It was " that the appointment of postmasters be subject to laws to
be enacted by the states respectively ; that the people in the several
townships, villages and cities of the Union be permitted to choose
their owni postmaster — to be responsible to the head of the depart-
ment for the faithful performance of the duties of the office. This
plan, simple and singular as* it is, (says the writer in the Confederate,)
would certainly prevent the department from becoming that huge
eno-ine of power in the hands of the executive that it has been for
the last ten years."

James Pursell was secretary of the " Tippecanoe Club," here, in
1841. William McElwain & Co., successors to Yeoman k Raw-
lings, (S. F. y., and M. V. R.,) Shivers k Melvin, successors to
Tulleys, Melvin & Co., and Henry Robinson, successor to Lydy &
Rankin, were then engaged in merchandising here ; and E. P.
Haigler was then conducting the saddle and harness business — shop
on north side of Court Street, adjoining McCoy's hat store.

The Washingtonian of January 16th, also contains the intelligence
brought by the ocean vessel Arcadia, that Queen Victoria, of En-
gland, on the 21st of November, was safely dehvered of a daughter.
In connection Avith w-hich the London Globe, of the last mentioned
date, says: " Her Majesty's marriage, it will be remembered, took
place on Monday, the 10th of February, nine months and eleven
days since." By the same vessel it was learned that the remains
of Napoleon Bonaparte, from St. Helena, (where he died in cap-

UNION TOM^NSHIP. 559

tivity, May 5, 1821,) had arrived in France, the French King, Louis
Philippe, having procured the assent of the British government to
their removaL December 15, 1840, the remains were deposited in
the Hotel des [nvalides.

The Wask'mgtonian of March 20, 1841, (edited by J. S. Bereman,)
contains the inaugural address delivered March 4th by President
Harrison. Referring thereto, that journal says ''it is a plain, sen-
sible document; and will serve as a political text-book well suited
to all republican governments." Alluding to the inauguration
ceremonies, that paper says : " We have no room for even an epit-
ome of the proceedings of the inauguration. It was a grand
aftair. If the reader will call to mind the Dayton or Chillicothe
gatherings, last fall, he can form some idea of the parade." Speak-
ing of the corporation election, then about to take place, the
Washingtoviav says: "On this occasion we hope the citizens will
determine definitely their wishes in regard to the continuation of
whisky shops, and their attendant advantages in our village. If we
are to have these conveniences entailed upon us by party supremacy,
why then we ought to know it, that we may enjoy the blessings to
be conferred in moderation." By the advertising columns, we learn
that Lenox Campbell was then engaged in the saddlery business
here, and that Robert Cissna had succeeded Robert and Charles
Cissna therein ; in general merchandising, J. C. Bell and Samuel
McElwain were conducting business here, and J. M. Willis in
Bloomingburg. Samuel Sollars, George Mantle and Daniel Mc-
Lean, were then surplus revenue fund commissioners for this
county.

The Washmgtoniav last mentioned announces that Elisha W.
Sexton, its junior editor, died on the 16th of March, 1841, aged
twenty-five years. It says that he learned the art of printing in
the city of Washington, under the tuition of General Duff Green,
who in 1828 conducted there the United States Telegrcvph., at that
time said to have been the principal journal of the Democratic
party.

At a meeting held here on the 4tli of March, 1841, "the follow-
ing ticket was agreed upon to be supported by the Democrat-
Whigs of Union Township," at the then ensuing spring election :

For Justice of the Peace — Samuel F. Yeoman.

For Trustees — Daniel Bush, Reuben Pursell, James iS". AYilson.

For Constables — John S. Blackmore, James Pursell.

560 ' HlS'foRY OP Payette cotNTY.

For Clerk — John L. Van Deman.

For Treasurer — Joseph Blackmore.

For Overseers of the Poor — Charence Tarvin, J. S. Bereman.

Some years ago, a disease known as " milk sickness" prevailed
hereabout to an alarmingly fatnl extent, and a Dr. Drake wrote
and caused to be published a book, treating on the disease and its
cause. In the Washingtonian of the 29th of May, 1841, appears a
lengthy editorial relative thereto. The editor differs with the doc-
tor as to the cause of the disease ; the ^loctor attributing it to cattle
browsing on a vine technically called " rhus toxicodendron,"
familiarly known in southern Ohio as "poison oak;" while the
editor, writing, as he says, " trom observation," and " arguing from
cause to effect," attributes the prevalence of the disease to cattle
eating the " eupatorium." In closing, the editor (Mr. Bereman)
says: "In peculiar diseases, experience must be combined with
scientific knowledge to give a proper understanding."

In the Washingtonian of date last mentioned appears the an-
nouncement of marriage, by Rev. John Jenkins, of Mr. James
Pursell to Miss Margaret Ilartsell, both of Washington.

L. P. Reid, at the " Little Store," (" in Sanders' store room ad-
joining the tavern,") announced in the Washingtonian above refer-
red to, that he still superintended that establishment, and that he
would at all times give " cheap bargains" in goods line, for cash
or " farmers' currency," such as bacon, eggs, chickens, feathers,
rags, butter, and all kinds of " truck." He said that as he worked
for his board, he sold goods without regard to profit! Mr. Reid
also announced himself as a licensed auctioneer, and that he' would
prosecute any of whom he might obtain knowledge as acting in
that capacity without authority. By the same issue of the Wash-
ingtonian, we learn that J. H. Jones was to have opened a school
here on the 17th of May, " for instruction in the English branches,
at the brick school house on Main Street."

The Washingtonian of September 16, 1843, (Harvey C. Black-
man, editor,) has at its "mast-head" the name of Henry Clay, of
Kentucky, for president, and that of Elias Florence, of Pickaway,
for congress. The following October election " Democratic- Whig
ticket" is published in the Washingtonian of September 16 :

For the State Senate, district composed of Fayette, Highland
and Adams— John M. Barrere, of Highland County.

For Representatives— Burn am Martin of Fayette; Hugh Means,
of Adams.

tiNiON TOWNSHIP, . 561

For Auditor — James Pnrsell.

For Treasurer — Z. W. Heagler.

For liecorder — John McLean.

For Commissioner — Joseph B. Creamer.

For Prosecuting Attorne}' — Samuel F. Kerr. (See page 455.)

The WasJt!)H/to)d(ni of November 11, 1843, (printed and pulJish-
ed by Harvej C. Blackman and John W. Poii' — Harvey C. Black-
mau, editor,) contains a eulogistic notice, from Allen Trimble, of
Ilillsboro, of the Gershom Perdue nursery, in Martiusbnrg* this
county. James Pursell was county auditor in 1843.

With Mr. PofF's retiracy, the Washingtom'av, after having passed
through man}' hands, iinally ceased to exist. During its career —
1840 to 1847 — it was edited and published, successively, by Bere-
man & Sexton, J. S. Bercman, Bereman & Butler, Potf & Deterline,
(Edward II. Deterline,) Harvey C. Blackman, Blackman & PoiF,
and, lastly, John W. Poif.

people's palladium.

Under date of June 2, 1822, the People's PaUat/linn, Democratic
in tone, (A. Crihlield, editor and publisher,) announced its prefer-
ence as to standard-bearers, as follows :

For Presidcnt^Andrew Jackson.

For Vice President — R. M. Johnson, of Kentucky.

For Governor — Kobert Lucas.

The "Democratic-Republican Convention," wliich met in Balti-
more, Maryland, on the 21st da}' of May preceding, having nomi-
nated Martin Van Buren, of New York, as candidate for the office
of vice president, the PaUadium immediately acquiesced therein,
and pledged support to the nominee. The vote in convention, on
first ballot, stood 208 for Martin Van Buren, 49 for Philip B. Bar-
ber, and 26 for Richard M. Johnson; which result being made
known, "the convention, by resolution, unanimously concurred in
the nomination of Mr. Van Buren.

It may seem strange to many of our readers that the Palhidhiw
did not receive intelligence from the convention until twelve days
after it had convened. But there was no railroad then by which
the x>apers from Baltimore could have been, at express speed,
wliirled along in Uncle Sam's mail-bags; nor was tliere any tele-
graph line then thought of and projected to span the Alleghanies.

562 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

Those were coach days, when " a good whip," with " four-in-
hg,iid," afforded to the traveler inland passage, with "good cheer"
at the wayside inn.

The paper of the date mentioned does not contain a news item
of a local character — no, not one. From its advertising columns,
however, we glean something which may he of local interest to our
readers just now. The "town dads" must then have had some
trouble in managing and controlling John Barleycorn, judging
from the tenor of the following resolution, adopted by the town
council. May 5, 1832 :

'■'■ Besoli-ed, by the Town Council of the town of Washington,
That they will not license any person or persons to retail spirituous
liquors, from and after the first day of July next."

The resolution was signed b}^ Z. W. Heagler as mayor, and C.
B. Woodruff, recorder.

Mrs. Louisa Head was then engaged in the business of " tailoring
and mantua-malving, together with all other plain sewing." Peter
Wendel advertised for information as to the whereabouts of his
brother, Daniel Wendel, tailor, who had then " lately come to
America from German}'," and requested editors in Ohio, Pennsyl-
vania, and jSTew York, to make mention thereof."

The paper also contains an account of " another attempt at assas-
sination at Washington," as detailed by the Saturday Evening Post,
of Kew York. The Post, in referring thereto, says : " Again the
Washington papers are filled with another attempt to assassinate a
member of Congress. The situation of affairs at that city is hor-
rible and appalling. The place resembles more the haunt of ban-
ditti than the seat of government of a free, virtuous and intelligent
people. What is our country coming to ? Is there not a remedy
within the reach of the people, and if so, will it not be applied?"
The bludgeon, pistol and sword-cane were the weapons used on the
occasion alluded to — the assaulter using the two first, and the as-
saulted the latter. A Major Heard was the offensive, and a Mr.
Arnold of Tennessee the defensive party. The rencounter arose
from words spoken in debate by Mr. Arnold, who, we judge, must
have been a rather expert swordsman, for he quickly disarmed
Heard of his bludgeon, whereupon the latter immediately drew an
eight-inch barrel duelling pistol, carrying an ounce ball, and fired
at Arnold, lacerating his arm; after which Arnold succeeded in
knocking his adversary down with his sword-cane, and the scab-

UNION TOWNSHIP. 563

bard flying off", would liavo pierced liim with tlic sword, liad not
his arm, in making the tlirust, been arrested by General Duncan, of
Illinois. The account says that there were more than a hundred
members of Congress within range of the ball when the shot was
fired, the house having just adjourned, but Mr. Arnold was the
only person injured. It was the second assault ujion Heard by
Arnold.

S. F. Yeoman publishes a card denying certain allegations cir-
culated by a part}' named Baker, concerning a case of crhii. con.
wherein Mr. Yeoman should have been officially connected. In
closing, Mr. Yeomau cautious those interested to be a little more
careful what liberties they take with his name. " I am," he says,
" willing to put up with anything in reason; but there is a point
beyond which they shall not proceed with impunity."

We are informed that subsequent to the death of Mr. E. W. Sex-
ton, (in March, 1841,) Bereman & Butler, (Joel S. Bereman and
David Butler,) became associate publishers of the Washingtordan;
and about the same time John O. Truesdell published a Democratic
paper here. Some time afterward, Mr. Butler having died, I*off' &
Deterline, (John W. Poff" t*c E. H. Deterline,) we are told, run the
Washhigtonian for a season, and that- subsequently Mr. Pott' alone
published that journal for a time. The office changes about that
time were frequent — the continuous proprietorship being of quite
brief duration ; the title of the paper, {IVashingtonian,) however,
was continued several years.

STAR SPANGLED BANNER.

The Star Spangled Banner, of date Friday, December 17, 1847,
(No. 2, of volume 2,) W. H. II. Thompson publisher, office over
McElwain & Stuckey's store, opposite the postoffice, contains a
short review of Henry Howe's " Historical Collections of Ohio,"
(then not long issued from the press of Derby, Bradley & Co., Cin-
cinnati,) which is styled " an interesting volume on the Bucke3'e
State." Tlie reviewer says : " This book is not made up like most
historical works of our day, from the libraries of the land ; but it
is the result of close personal observation in every part of the state,
the author having made, for this purpose, the entire tour of Ohio,
spending more than a year in traveling through it, everywhere
taking sketches of our towns, historic localities and objects of in-

564 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

terest, and deriving an immense anion nt of information from the
lips of pioneers and men of intelligence. * * Several pages of
the above work are given to our own county, among which is an
elegant view of the court house (old ' pea-green ') and public
buildings. A line view of Sanders & Jenkins' store-house is also
given — history of the settlement of the county, and names of some
of the earlj' settlers."

The Banner says : " Mr. Poif having relinquished the publica-
tion of the Washingtonian, in this place, offers his printing material
for sale. We have partially bought him out, and made arrange-
ments to receive his subscription list and advertisements." Mr. Poff,
according to this paper, went to Convenience to engage in mercan-
tile pursuit ;" and it stated that he contemplated opening a hotel
there, and would be sworn in as postmaster under James K. Polk.

The Baltimore Patriot, in its Washington City news of December
8, 1847, (republished in the Banner,) says : " The house of repre-
sentatives has at last been organized. All its elective officers have
been appointed; and the result is a Whig speaker, a Whig clerk,
a Whig sergeant- at- arms, a Whig door-keeper, and a Loco-foco
postmaster."

In its news from the State Legislature, this paper says : Mr. Olds
offered a resolution providing for an alteration in the election law,
so as to allow volunteers in Mexico, who are qualified voters in
Ohio, to vote at the annual election for state and United States
officers." This paper makes mention that Secretary Walker has
accepted, in behalf of the General Government, the munificent
gift of a whole square, made to it by the first municipality in New
Orleans, for the site of a custom-house. The edifice, it was stated,
would be built of Quincy granite, and occupy the entire ground.

The following list of Fayette County officers was published in
this paper of December 17, 1847 :

Associate Judges of Court — Daniel McLean, S. F. Yeoman,
J ames Manary.

Clerk of Common Pleas and Supreme Courts? — Samuel Millikan.

Prosecuting Attorney — Nelson Rush.

Treasurer — Z. W. Heagler.

Sherift' — J. S. Bereman.

Recorder — John Douglass.

Auditor — James Pursell.

Commissioners — Isaac T. Cook, James Shivers, Joseph B.
Creamer.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 565

Drs. A. Worley k A. W. Brown, office in the drug-store of
Brown & Worley, annoiincecl that they were " fully prepared to
treat diseases of aM kinds, both chronic and acute, on either the
botanic or mineral system," Their store, called the " Fayette Drug-
store," was one door east of Rawlings & Smith's store. Richard
Smith was then landlord of the hotel, here, known- as the "Vir-
ginia House;" and E. W. Turner was then conducting the " National
House" hotel, opposite tlie court house. Stewart & Osborn were
engaged in the tailoring business — shop in Wade Loof bourrow's
brick building, opposite McElwain & Melvin's store. John Lewis
& Joseph Allen were manufacturing tin, copper and slieet-iron
ware; and announced that they would sell stoves "at Cincinnati
prices, with the addition of expense of hauling."

John L. Scott published a paper here, a copy of which we have
failed to obtain, for some time previous to 1849.

THE FAYETTE NEW ERA.

The Fayette New Era, of date June 13, 1850, (No. 14, of volume
2, George B. Gardner, editor and publisher,) contains the " act to
amend the ' act to incor})orate the State Bank of Ohio and other
banking companies, passed February 24, 1845,'" which enactment,
of date March 9, 1850, applies specially to the extension, for tliree
years, of privileges of the original act to the Clinton Bank of
Columbus — the capital stock of said bank to be entered upon the
duplicate of Franklin County for taxation, for all purposes, state,
municipal, etc., and taxes aforesaid, " in lieu of the tax upon the
profits, as provided by the act to which this is amendatory," and to
be subject to any general law which might thereafter be passed
altering or changing the mode of taxing bank capital.

In the same issue is also published the " act to amend the act en-
titled 'an act fixing the rate of interest, passed January 12, 1824,'
and all other laws on that subject," which last-mentioned act was
passed March 15, 1850, to take effect on the first day of May fol-
lowing. It legalized interest rate of ten per cent, if expressed in
bond, bill, note, or other instrument; but provided that no incor-
porated banking institution of the state should "be entitled to re-
ceive more than the rate of interest specified in its charter, or, if
no rate be specified, more than six per cent yearly upon any loan or
discount whatever." Interest upon judgments or decrees, too, to

566 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

be computed till payment at rate specitied in bond or instrument as
aforesaid ; in case no rate was specified, then, as before stated, six
per cent to be the rate charged. ,

The NeAO Era above mentioned contains a letter from California,
written by Thomas Burnett to his father, then residing near here
(but both are how dead). The letter is dated "North Fork, Amer-
ican River, April 6, 1850;" and in it, as was his wont, Mr. Burnett
in cheery, bright-sparkling, poetical imagery. In his opening par-
agraph he says:

" Dear Father : — With thankfulness to Divine Providence, I have
the pleasure to inform you that I am in good health and tine spirits;
and trust that you, and all my relatives and friends in Ohio, are yet
on the shores of Time, and in the enjoyment of Nature's choicest
blessing, health."

Speaking of the ruling market prices for provisions, etc., there
then, Mr. Burnett said they fluctuated greatly, varying with the
season and situation. Within one mile of his then present location
flour was selling at 50 cents per pound; pork, 90 cents; beans, 67
cents; saleratus, $2 per pound; molasses, |5 per gallon; sugar, 50
cents per pound; and everything else in proportion. He says that
he i^aid |139 for seventy-flve pounds of pork during the winter pre-
ceding. Doctors then charged, for professional services, one to two
ounces of gold per visit; one ounce for all calls out of tent, dis-
tance not exceeding one mile; for extracting teeth, one ounce each.
Mr. Burnett speaks of having seen there, from this region, during
the month of August preceding, George Buckner, Messrs. Delaney,
Sunderland, Millikan, Cornell, and H. C. Bell, during September;
S. N. Yeoman, and Marshall and Theodore Ogle, in October.

The New Era says that the county commissioners, on the 8th of
June, 1850, levied a tax of two mills on the dollar for the purpose
of planking that portion of the Circleville and Washington, and
Goshen, Wilmington and Columbus turnpikes lying within this
county. Notwithstanding the opposition to the measure, and at-
tempts made to delay action, "the editor regarded the movement as
the best thing that could have been then done for the general in-
terests of the county, and expected that all whose prejudice was
not more powerful than their reason, would be of the same opinion
before tax-paying time.

A wise and most excellent enactment was adopted by our State
Legislature, in March, 1850, relative to the keeping and preserving

• UNION TOWNSHIP. 567

our local history, as found recorded in the county newspapers. If
the legal requirements had heen complied with (and they unques-
tionably should have been), an immense amount of really interest-
ing and valuable information, which can not otherwise be obtained,
Avould have been readily accessible. The act referred to provides
" that the county commissioners of each county in this state be, and
they are hereby, authorized and required to subscribe for one cop}'
of the leading newspapers of each political party printed and pub-
lished in each county, and cause the same to be bound, and filed in
the auditor's office, as public archives, for the gratuitous inspection
of the citizens of such county."

No bound files, as authorized, can be found in the auditor's oflice
here of date previous to 1866 ; nor is the filing complete since that
date. During the interim subsequent to the passage of the law and
that period (1850 to 1866), history of great importance, chrouiclings
of vast enterprises and gigantic achievements, rapidly accumulated,
and note was doubtless taken thereof, and record made by the
county press; but we are, in consequence of dereliction on the part
those whose duty it was to take, preserve, and keep the archives, as
by law contemplated, deprived of an immense amount of informa-
tion which had been garnered and compiled, through great ex-
penditure of time, thoughtful labor, and money, by those who pre-
sented it to us in printed form. It will be impossible, therefore, to
obtain accurate and complete information relative to the papers
published between the years 1843 and 1866.

Aside from all the. journalizing recorded, within the time alluded
to, what pleasure (tliough doubtless not unmixed with sorrowful
regret and pain) it would have attbrded our citizens to peruse and
read o'er again the record of our "boys in blue!" The recital
would not tire; age would but impart keener interest to, and shed
brighter luster on the story.

But to repine at or grieve over the loss is futile; we can but hope
that in the future, due attention will be given to ^he keeping of our
county newspapers, as by law required. ' The cause of its not hav-
ing been done heretofore, in our opinion, arose from lack of knowl-
edge of the legal requirement. And we would here suggest to the
county commissioners the propriety of procuring a suitable case
wherein to keep the bound volumes of the journals subscribed for
and taken, through them, by the couuty.

Persons desiring to peruse and transcribe therefrom should, of

568 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

course, be permitted to do so; but iu no case, except when required
for temporary use in a court of justice, should permission be given
to take any of such bound volumes outside of tlie auditor's office;
and a penalty for wanton destruction or mutilation thereof should
be iixed and imposed. This done, an important step will have been
taken toward preserving in best (printed) form a large portion
of our local and county history.

Published in the Fayette New Era of June 13, 1850, we tiud the
following official directory:

UNITED STATES.

President — Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana.

Vice-President — Millard Fillmore, of New York.

Secretary of State — John M. Clayton, of Delaware.

Secretary of Treasury — William M. Meredith, of Pennsylvania.

Secretary of the Interior — Thomas Ewing, of Ohio.

Secretary of War — George W. Crawford, of Georgia.

Secretary of Navy — William B. Preston, of Virginia.

Postmaster- General — Jacob Collamer, of Vermont.

Attorney-General — Reverdy Johnson, of Maryland.

Chief Justice — lioger B. Taney, of Maryland.

Associate Justices — John McLean, of Ohio ; James M. Wayne,
of Georgia; John Catrow, of Tennessee: John McKinley, of Ken-
tucky; Peter Daniel, of Virginia; Samuel Nelson, of New York;
Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire; Robert C. Grier, of Pennsyl-
vania.

Governor — Seabury Ford, of Geauga County.

Secretary of State — Henry W. King.

Auditor of State — John Woods, of Butler County.

Treasurer of State — Albert A. Bliss, of Lorain County.

Librarian — John Greiner, of Muskingum County.

Chief Justice — Peter Hitchcock, of Geauga County.

Associate Judges — Edward Avery, of Wayne County; Rufus P.
Spalding, of Summit County; William B. Caldwell, of Hamilton
County.

Attorney-General — Henry Stanberry, of Fairtield County.

\

"^i ^'^mg^'l

'a4ae4.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 569

Reporter — Hiram Griswold, of Stark County.
Clerk — Lewis Heyl, of Franklin County.

Associate Judges — Daniel McLean, James Manary, James Cro-
thers.

Clerk of Courts — Joel S. Bereman.

Sheriff — James Vance.

Treasurer — Z. W. Heagler.

Auditor — Henry Robinson.

Recorder — John Douglas.

Commissioners — J. A. Rankin, I. T. Cook, Joseph Mark.

Prosecuting Attorney — Nelson Rush.

Coroner — Timothy Jayne.

School Examiners — P. D. Putnam, J. M. Edwards, D. M. Jenes.

TOWNSHIP.

Justices of the Peace — O. Loofbourrow, Richard Evans, John
McLean.

Constables — Arthur McArthur, William Burnett.

Clerk — John Backenstoe.

Treasurer — Lennox Campbell.

Trustees — James 'N. Wilson, Micajah Draper, Joseph McLean.

CORPORATION OF WASHINGTON.

Mayor — Richard Evans.
Recorder — D. Amerman.
Treasurer — A. W. Brown.
Marshal— William Burnett.

Trustees — A. W. Brown, F. B. Backenstoe, Lennox Campbell,
James Pursell, M. V. Rawlings.

WASHINGTON MAILS.

Eastern arrives Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays — goes on
west.

Western arrives Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.
40

570 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Columbus arrives every Friday morning, and departs every Tues-
day morning.

Cliillicotlie arrives every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, and
leaves every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.

Xenia arrives every Thursday, and leaves the same day.

London arrives every Tuesday, and leaves every Thursday morn-
ing. •

Hillsboro arrives every Saturday evening, and leaves every Fri-
day morning.

By the advertising columns of date above mentioned, we learn
that Benjamin F. Baughu was then engaged in merchandising here.
Having purchased the stock of goods owned by the firms of McEl-
wain & Stuckey and Burnett & Jenkins, he united the same, and
opened the " Union Store," in the room formerly occupied by Bur-
nett & Jenkins, on Court Street, two doors below the "Fayette
Drug Store." Richard Millikan's book store was then located in a
room on " Sander's corner." AVillard & Jones (L. D. W. and D. M.
J.), were then engaged in the practice of law here.

The issue of February 5, 1852, contains editorial mention of the
death of Judge Wade Loofbourrow, and also proceedings of the
members of the bar in reference thereto, at a meeting held in the
law office of Robert Robinson, of which meeting Mr. Robinson
was appointed chairman, and D. M. Jones secretary. Mr. Loof-
bourrow died on Tuesday, February 3, 1852, at his residence in
Washington, in the sixty-seventh year of his age. He was born in
Fayette County, Pennsylvania; came to Washington in 1811, and
commenced the practice of law; had been a resident of this place
nearly forty-one years, and was prominently identified with the
early history of the county; was editor of the Genius of Liberty, a
Democratic organ, the publication of which was commenced here
in 1834. He is spoken of, when in the prime of life, as having
" ranked among the great men of the state, and was known as one
of the oldest lawyers in Ohio."

The same issue also contains an account of the burning of the
old state house at Columbus, about four o'clock on Sabbath morn-
ing preceding. Loss to the state, account says, not great. It was
then thought that the new state capitol might be occupied in the
winter of 1853-4. Temporarily, the senate would meet in the
United States court-room, and the house in Odeon Hall, at the
capital.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 571

The issue of February 26, 1852, publishes an account of the
death, on the 14th of that month, of Richard Douglass, in the six-
ty-seventh year of his age, at Chillicothe. He commenced the
practice of law in Cliillicothe in 1809. At the time of his death it
was stated that he was the oldest lawyer in the Scioto Valley. lie
was a native of JSTew London, Connecticut. In early life he had
"followed the ocean," in the whaling service, and had done military
duty in the war of 1812.

Richard Millikan was postmaster here in 1852. In tlie same issue
we learn, too, that AVilliam Robinson had, in ISTovember, 1850, pur-
chased the saddle and harness establishment of A. M. Ogle, and
" removed to J. C. Bell's brick building, opposite J. L. & I. C. Van
Deman's store," where he would conduct said business. Z. W.
Ileagler was then engaged in the insurance business. C. H. Bell &
B. F. Thompson succeeded James C. Bell in general merchandis-
ing. Baughn, Burnett & Baughn (B. F. Baughn, A. Burnett, G.
W. Baughn), were also conducting like business ; they "bought out
the firm of Blodget & Smith."

The issue of March 18, 1852, chronicles the death of Robert R.
Lindsey, on Sabbath, 7th day of that month, at Mount Sterling,
Kentucky, where he had been engaged in publishing a paper styled
the W/iii/. He published the Herald here during 1834. In the
same issue is also announced the marriage, at Ripley, Ohio, by Rev.
"W. I. Fee, of Robert Cissna, ex-sheriff' of this county, to Miss
Mary W. Courtney, of that place. The Ripley Bee says "the print-
ers were handsomely remembered." At the spring election that
year, Z. W. Ileagler was elected mayor, B. Thompson recorder,
and M. Blackmore, G. B. Gardner, and L.,Campbell trustees. J.
M. Bell, in making his return as clerk, says: "The Mormons are
again gloriously triumphant."

Monday, April 6, 1852, officers were elected for Union Township
as follows :

Justice of the Peace — O. Loof bourrow.

Assessor — B. F. Baughn.

Treasurer — Joseph Allen.

Trustees — James N. Wilson, Peter Weudel, sr., William H.
Latham.

Clerk — Joseph C. Plumb.

Constables — H. C. Burnett, Arthur McArthur.

Supervisors Corporation — Jesse Burnett, J. M. Bell.

572 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

About noon of April 1st, 1852, "the great fire in Chillicothe"
commenced to burn and lay waste the then most compactly built
part of that city. It was caused by the bursting of a' stove in a
cabinet shop in rear of the Clinton House. The account, (pub-
lished in the New Era,) written by Seneca W. Ely, editor at that time
of the Chillicothe Daily Gazette, for the Ohio State Journal of Co-
lumbus, says that "fully one-fourth of the taxable property in
Chillicothe, including all the buildings on the two most valuable
squares — stores, hotels, dwellings and warehouses — was destroyed.
* * * It is impossible to arrive at a correct estimate of losses.
Old Chillicothe has received a blow from which she cannot recover
in years. * * * Two thousand of our population are houseless.
From six to eight hundred thousand dollars' worth of property
consumed. All our principal warehouses, with their stocks of gro-
ceries, pork, bacon, etc., are burned."

The first sewing machine brought to Washington was by Clar-
ence Parvin, tailor, in May, 1852. It was of the Wilson make.
Mr. Parvin purchased the right to use and sell it in Fayette Coun-
ty. Yeoman & Finnigan, (S. N. Y., and Thomas,) were merchan-
dising here, in June, 1852. Sabbath, June 13, 1852, John Durham,
aged ninety-two years and two months, died at the residence of
Joseph Bloomer, in this county. Elizabeth McCoy, wife of John
McCoy, sr., aged about ninety years, died on Friday, 18th of same
month.

The issue of July 1, 1852, chronicles the death of Henry Clay,
in the seventy-sixth year of his age, at Washington City, on Tues-
day, June 29, preceding, at 11:20 a. m., after protracted illness. At
the time of his death, he was serving as United States Senator from
Kentucky.

In the issue of August 26, 1852, announcement is made of the
death, on Sabbath, 22d of that month, of Samuel McLean, in the
forty-second year of his age ; and that journal, of date September
9, 1852, contains an obituary notice of the death, August 28th pre-
ceding, of Maria Louisa, consort of Henry liobinson, then auditor
of this county, in the thirty-second year of her age, of consump-
tion.

In the issue of October 28, 1852, is published the death, at Marsh-
field, Massachusetts, of Daniel Webster, at three o'clock on the
morning of the 24th of that month. The Cincinnati Gazette, in
alluding thereto, says : " A great man has indeed fallen — one who

UNION TOAVNSHIP. 573

lias rendered varied and most important ^services to his country —
whose fame is world-wide, and whose loss will be felt and lament-
ed by the whole country." Mr. Webster was born in Salisbury,
New Hampshire, January 18, 1782. At the time of his death he
was Secretary of State, in the cabinet of President Fillmore.

The issue of November 4, 1852, by special telegram from " Bas-
com," its Columbus correspondent, indicates briefly the result of the
presidential campaign of 1852, thus: Ohio, Pennsylvania and New
York gone for Pierce. Massachusetts and Vermont only certain
for Scott. Used up badly." .

The issue of December 16, 1852, contains editorial mention of
the death of Robert Robinson, in the sixty-second year of his age,
of asthma. He was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania,
April 11, 1791, and died at his residence here December 11, 1852.
He emigrated to Ross County, Ohio, from his native state, in 1809,
and thence moved to this county, in 1813. While serving as sheriff
of this county, he was elected to the Stale Legislature, in 1822,
which caused him to resign the sheriiFalty. He studied law under
Wade Loof bourrow, and was admitted to practice here, in 1826.

At a meeting of the bar here, held in the law office of Willard &
Jones, Samuel F, Kerr being called to the chair and D. M. Jones
appointed secretary, Alfred S. Dickey and B. V. W. Pugsley
were appointed a committee to prepare resolutions expressive of
the feeling and sympathy of his brothers of the legal profession,
with reference to his demise. One of the series of resolutions, as
indicative of the sentiment pervading the whole, we reprint, as
follows :

" Resolred, That in his death his family have lost a faithful, kind
and affectionate head, the community a useful and trustworthy citizen,
the church a living example of moral worth, and we of the bar
our senior brother, whose talent and experience we revered, whose
integrity we loved, and whose social virtues we admired."

The issue of December 30, 1852, contains tidings of the death of
Samuel McElwain, on the 5th of that month, at the California
House, Panama, where at the time he was sojourning, on his way
to California. Nicholas Hay was engaged in tailoring here, in De-
cember, 1852, on Court Street, under the New Era office.

In January, 1853, Messrs. Ogle k Robinson, (Captain John and
Alf.,) advertised that they had determined to fit out another (the
third) overland train to California, having previously crossed the
plains with trains, in 1850 and 1852.

574 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Robert Stewart and A, S. Ballard also advertised in the New Era
that they, too, would fit out a train for the same destination, and
would go west about the first of the month then next following
to complete arrangements for starting. They would take passen-
gers through from St. Joseph, Missouri, for |200 cash, or $250 at
the end of twelve months. They would furnish a good physician for
the company, and a riding horse or mule for each mess, and their
"wagons and teams would be well fitted up." Messrs. Stewart &
Ballard had previously been in California.

The building of a railroad from Columbus to Masj^sville, by
"Washington and Hillsboro, was enthusiastically talked of here
during 1853; and so, also, was the building of the Dayton, Xenia
and Belpre Railroad.

Mention of the death of William Rufus King, thirteenth Vice-
President of the United States, appears in the Nrw Era of April
28, 1853. According to the published account, he died on Mon-
day, the 18th of that month, at his residence in Alabama, a short
time after returning from Havana, Cuba, whither he had gone dur-
ing the January preceding, with the view of benefiting his health,
lie w^as born in North Carolina, on the 6th of April, 1786, and had
served three terms in congress from that state. He moved to Ala-
bama, in 1818, from which state he subsequently served five terms
as senator in congress. In 1844, he was appointed Minister to
France by President Taylor. After the death of President Taylor,
in July, 1850, and the accession of Vice-President Fillmore to the
presidency, he was elected president of the senate. When Frank-
lin Pierce, in 1852, was elected president, he was elected vice-presi-
dent of the United States; and by special act of congress, he being
in Cuba at the time when he should take the oath of office as vice-
president, the American Consul-General at Havana, at the time,
was empowered to administer the oath in this case.

It is stated in the Ncii- Era above mentioned that George Wash-
ington Parke Custis, (grandson of Mrs. Washington,) of Arlington,
Virginia, had attended the inauguration of all our presidents, from
Washington to Pierce included. He was born at Mount Airy,
Maryland, April 30, 1781, and died at Arlington House, Fairfax
County, Virginia, October 10, 1857.

The marriage, on Tuesday, May 3, 1853, by Rev. B. Lowe, of
George B. Gardner, editor of the New Era, to Miss Maria Amanda
Robinson, of Washington, is announced in the issue of that journal

UNION TOWNSHIP. 575

of Ma}^ 5th. In consequence of the event, the readers of the
paper were requested to excuse all lack of editorial matter that
week, as the editor and his bride had " started away on a rural
jaunt." In the issue of the Neii^ Era, of May 19, 1853, is published
the marriage, on the 18th of that month, of Hugh F. Kemper, of
Walnut Hills, Ohio, to Miss Mary Jane Miller, daughter of the
officiating clergyman, Rev. S. J. Miller, then pastor in charge of
the Presbyterian Church of Washington. D. A. Harrison was
practicing law here then, and A. S. Dickey and Robert M. Briggs
were partners in the practice of the same profession. C. H. Bell
was postmaster here, in 1853. July 2d, of that year, by a vote of
247 ballots in favor and 41 against, the citizens of Union Town-
ship, this county, instructed the township trustees to subscribe $15,-
000 stock toward the building of the Dayton, Xenia and Belpre
Railroad. It cost "the dear people," however, about $30,000
before they got through the grubbing process; and the road — well,
it wasn't built !

From the same paper we learn that Wilmington, Clinton,
County, was placed in railroad communication with Cincinnati on
the 11th of August, 1853, by the Cincinnati, Wilmington and
Zanesville Railroad, which thoroughfare now forms part of the
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railroad system. The cele-
bration of the event, according to the published account, brought
together about nine thousand people at Wilmington. Speech-
making on the occasion was indulged in by Dr. Griswold, of Cir-
cleville; Colonel McVay, of Lancaster; William Neil, of Colum-
bus ; Judge McKay and Isaiah Morris, of Wilmington ; and A. De
GraiF, contractor, then known as " the railroad king." In connec-
tion therewith, it was mentioned that Mr. Ashmead, the contractor
for laying down the iron of the road, had been engaged, twenty-
six years before, on the Liverpool and Manchester (England) Rail-
way, "the first road constructed in the world (as was stated) for
general travel and tratfic." Frank Corwiu was then president of
the C. W. & Z. R. R., and E. W. Woodward chief engineer.
Trains commenced running from Washington to Cincinnati on the
24th of November, 1853. In November, 1855, trains were regular-
ly run through to Zanesville.

576 HISTORY OP PAYETTE COUNTY.

WASHINGTON REGISTER.

George B. Gardner commenced the publication of the Fayette
New Era in Marcli, 1^49, anrl continued to issue it until March,
1855, when he and his brother, Thomas F., who had for some time
held a partnership interest in the journal, disposed of the office
and business interest to Elgar B. Pearce and J. C. D. Ilanna, who,
on the 15th of March of that year, issued the initial number of the
Washington Register, with E. B. Pearce as editor. In his salutatory
the editor says: "The Register, untrammeled by the chains of par-
ty influence, will go forth free to condemn the evil and approve the
good, whether in high places or low — it will go forth invoking the
spirit of truth to guide its voyage. The platform we stand upon
is projected of good, substantial material — independent in all things,
neutral in nothing. * * * We wish it to be distinct!}" under-
stood that the Register is not a neutral paper. Of all things, we
most detest a sluggish neutrality."

The leading feature of the Register was the giving of special at-
tention to the publication of home news, for which purpose a " lo-
cal department " was immediately created by its editor — a new de-
parture in journalism here — a field, in fact, until that time sadly
neglected.

September 10, 1857, Mr. Hanna disposed of his interest in the
establishment to Mr. Pearce, who, as sole proprietor, continued to
publish the Register until near the close of April, 1864. He died at.
his residence here, June 8, 1864.

OHIO STATE REGISTER.

A short time afterward Samuel Pike effected arrangements
whereby he procured and took control of the office, and com-
menced the publication of the Ohio State Register, a Democratic
journal. After a six months' probation, he was succeeded in the
proprietorship and management by W. C. Gould, who caused the
Register to do service for the Democracy until April 24, 1873. .
During 1871 Mr. Gould changed the title of the paper to Register
and Peo-ple's Advocate, with the motto : " That nation is most pros- "
perous where labor commands the greatest reward." Its hobb}"
was opposition to "monopolies" and "middlemen."

UNION TOWNSHIP. 577

April 24, 1873, Simmons & Beaslcy (II. II. Simmons and W. A.
Beasley) succeeded W. C, Gould in proprietary interest. They re-
vived the title of Ohio State Brylstcr, and continued to promnlgate
Democratic doctrine and theory. March 25, 1875, Mr. Beasley as-
sumed entire control of the establishment, by arranging for the
purchase of Mr. Simmons' interest therein, and continued to pub-
lish the paper until October of that year. He died here, at the
Shaw House, on the 24th of that month. D. I. Worthington (who
had in the meantime caused the publication of the journal to be
continued), as administrator, a short time afterward sold the office
and business interest to II. V. Iverr, who issued his commencement
number December 9, 1875. At the time of purchase Mr. Kerr was
Democratic state senator from the district composed of the coun-
ties of Brown and Clermont. He died suddenly, of neuralgia of
the heart, at his home in Batavia, Clermont County, March 27,
1881. At the time of his death he was state librarian. He was a
man of fine social qualities — one who, in deportment, was remark-
ably courteous and gentlemanly. J. D. Kerr, his son, has, as pro-
prietor since his father's death, conducted the affairs of the paper.
Since Mr. Bike's advent, in June, 18G4, to the present time, that
journal has been the Democratic organ here.

FAYETTE COUNTY HERALD.

The publication of this paper was commenced here December
11, 1858, by William Millikan. November 26, 1868, W. W. Milli-
kan, son of the. former gentleman, was admitted to partnership in
its management and editorial conduct.

It was the first journal to espouse the cause of Republicanism in
this county. In that field, as well as encouraging the upbuilding of
our business and local interests, it has done, and will continue to

THE NEWS.

Gould k Jones (W. C. Gould and Frank M. Jones) commenced
the publication of the News in the second story of McLean's block,
opposite the court house, June 3, 1874. As briefly expressed by its
publishers, it was a journal " independent upon all subjects — op-
posed to all monopolies." I^ovember 28, 1874, the interest of Mr.

578 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Gonlfl ill the paper was purchased by Mr. Jones, who continued its
publication until March 18, 1876, when he moved the otiice mate-
rial to Mount Sterling, in the adjoining county of Madispn, where
for a time (about four months, as we are informed,) he still further
contini>ed its publication. Mr. Jones subsequently sold the mate-
rial to A. Voigt, who removed it to Bainbridge, Ross County,
where he published a paper for a season. Mr. Voigt afterward
shipped the material to Jefferson ville, this county, where, on the
16th of October, 1880, he commenced (and still continues) the pub-
lication of the Jeffersonville Chronicle, the pioneer journal in that
village. It is "devoted to Jeffersonville and vicinity, the farmer,
mechanic, and business men, local and general news," etc. Office
over Howard's harness shop.

FAYETTE REPUBLICAN.

Wednesday, September 17, 1879, T. F. Oardner commenced the
publication of the Fayette Republican. In his initial number Mr.
Gardner says : " The Republican will advocate the principles of the
party whose name it bears. * * * As a journalist, it shall be
our aim to chronicle all the local events of town and county, of
which we may become cognizant, be they good or bad." And the
woefully bad he with gall-tipped pen doth flagellate, to the intense
edfication of the truly good.

As indicative of the business changes which have taken place
within the interim, we give below the names of those engaged
in mercantile pursuits here during 1855, together with the amounts
by them invested in business operations, and returned for as-
sessment purposes, as shown by the books of the county auditor.
We take the statement from the Washington Register of July 12th,
of the year mentioned.

O.A.Allen, - - - - | 800

J. S. & S. S. Blackmore, - - 992

Baldwin & Sager, - - - 500

Bereman & Beatty, - - 6,000

B. F. & G. W. Baughn, - - - 300

Jacob Dahl, ... 400

Henry Dahl, .... 200

Ely & Claypool, - - - 2,800

Richard Evans, - - - 350

UNION TOWNSHIP.

579

Fitzwilliam & Silcott,

-

2,300

Thomas Fiiiigan,

.

1,000

D. Fiirtwangler

-

2,500

M. & E. S. Gardner,

.

1,500

C. L. Getz,

-

275

Z. W. Ileagler,

-

1,650

Jenkins & Burnett,

-

1,800

Cnrrau Millikan,

_

400

Melvin & Wallace,

-

3,300

Richard Millikan,

.

750

A. M. Ogle ct Co.,

-

4,943

Jared Flumb, sr..

-

1,800

Parvin & Daugherty,

-

2,000

Robert Stewart,

-

,756

Stengel k Dahl,

-

250

J. L. VanDeman,

-

1,734

Worley & Brown,

-

950

Amos West

_

2,500

Draper & Son,

-

850

John Vanpelt,

.

300

At the meeting of pioneer?

held here on the 4th of

July,

was present, according to the

Hrmhl—

Jeremiah Smith,

aged 90

years.

William Robinson,

-

u

88

a

Robert Burnett,

i

85

"

James Beatty,

79

a

William Wells,

85

u

William Taylor,

78

a

Hugh McNeal,

72

"

Isaac T. Cook,

75

a

George Hidy,

72

u

Joseph McLean,

70

u

John Irion,

72

a

Anthony Moore,

76

a

Joseph Marks,

72

u

William Merchant,

75

u

John Stucke}', .

70

u

Tliomas Bay,

79

a

Z. W. Ileagler,

68

"

How many of them can answer roll call here 1

0

day

?

there

580 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

In the Register office, (the Register office that was, but which
years agone ceased to be,) there stood for some years, after Elgar
B. Pearce took editorial control of that establishment, the first
printing-press brought to "Washington. It was shipped here from
Chillieothe, to which point it had years before been transported
from Philadelphia. Its history was known to an old employe of
the Franklin Type Foundry, of Cincinnati, who, in 1858, happened
to see it here while engaged in business pursuit. It was afterward
shipped to that establishment, and is no doubt yet to be seen in the
queen city, among the many rare and well-kept relics which there
have an abiding place. It was a very quaint-looking institution.
Its frame was of mahogany. On it. Judge Bereman printed and
executed for the time, much artistic work, and from its bed there
rose and spread thoughts caustic and severe; and many truths
which bore good fruit sprung therefrom. Glad tidings, and sad as
well, emanated from its platen impress — yea, much of joy and woe,
of mirth and sorrow, through its lever power, was scattered.

On that, the first printing press used here, it required two pulls
to complete the impression of one side of the j)aper, each page of
the form being run under the platen separately. Then two hun-
dred and fifty to three hundred sheet impressions per hour was eon-
considered quite rapid work, but to-day, in the Herald office, with
power-press facilities, one thousand sheets per hour can be printed.
Then the size of the newspapers published here was 18x26 inches;
to-day they are 28x44. Of reading matter one paper of to-day
will contain as much as six did then ; yet the subscription price
then was greater than now.

WOOLEN- MANUFACTORIES.

In the early settlement of this county the work of manufactur-
ing woolen goods was all done by hand, hand-cards, the common
spinning wheel, and the loom; and if any fulling, it was done by
the feet on the floor.

The first of the advance was said to have been a set of roll-
cards, propelled by horse power, introduced about the year 1814
by a Mr. Lupton, from Clinton County, Ohio. This manufactory
was located in the eastern part of Washington. The business was

UNION TOWNSHIP. 581

continued some three or four years, when the machinery was sold
and removed out of the county.

In the year 1825, Dr. Tliomas McGarraugh and Josepli Elliott
erected a building in the most central part of town for the same
purpose. It was limited in capacity, and continued for some three
years, when it was sold to Andrew Holt, who purchased a lot near
the old grave-yard, and erected a large frame building in which to
carry on the business. After running it two or three years, in
about 1830 he sold to Eber Patrick, who continued in the same
place — with the exception of one or two years, while it was in the
hands of J. Webster — until the year 1843, wdien he sold the
premises and entire machinery to John and .William Robinson, who
immediately introduced steam power. They also added fulling,
dyeing and finishing.

In 1832, Judge D. McLean purchased a full set of cards, with an
outfit for dyeing, fulling, and finishing. His building was on lot
number five, Court Street. He continued the business for five or
six years, and then sold out to Mr. Walker, formerly of Washing-
ton, who removed the machinery to Indiana.

Samuel Lydy bought one set of cards of E. Patrick, and intro-
duced steam power — having purchased boiler and engine from Y.
Green — probably the first brought to this county. In a short time
it was purchased by Robert Robinson & Son (Henry)', and was con-
trolled by them until 1845, when the building and power were sold
to Weller & Mizer for a blacksmith shop, and the niachinery was
abandoned and sold for old iron. Soon after this, J. & W.Robinson
purchased the premises of Eber Patrick, and added some spinning
machinery, yet on a limited scale. In 1848, James Pursell and
J. Bohrer bought the interest of William Robinson. Again ma-
chinery was introduced for carding, and also a new jack for spiji-
ning.

In 1850 the firm was known as Pursell & McElwain. They
added to the machinery, and by procuring skilled workmen kept,
or rather increased, the home manufacture. But with the im-
provements necessary for the development of the county came the
railroad from Cincinnati to Zanesville, and compelled its removal.

In 1855 it passed into the han<ds of B. Pursell and George Wher-
ritt, and was removed to a school building on lot number twenty-
one. In 1856 it was purchased by B. Pursell and George
Easterbrook. In 1857 it was sold to George Price, an experienced

582 . HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

manufacturer, who anticipated an improvement, but for want of
means only added a small twister for making stocking yarn. He
continued the business until the close of the year 1860.

In 1861 it passed into the hands of I. C. Van Deman. The
home manufacture had been, largely diminished by the introduc-
tion of foreign ready-made goods, but that dark year, when all
home productions were at extremely low prices — corn as low as
fifteen to sixteen cents per bushel, and wool twenty -five cents per
pound — attention was turned somewhat to home work. By secur-
ing competent workmen, the business was again increased, and
soon it became necessary to enlarge the building. In 1864, D.
Clark, a former manufacturer in London, whose mill was destroyed
by fire, became a partner. The improvements began were com-
pleted, and more macliinery purchased. Another set of machines,
with eight power looms and a larger twister, was added. In the
early part of 1866 J). Clark sold his one-half interest to J. Dews.
He also was a practical manufacturer. The increase of business
under his persevering and skillful management, necessitated the
introduction of the latest improved machinery, in order to manu-
facture the finest class of wool grown in the county. To this end,
the large brick building, first built for a distillery, and afterward
used for a hub and spoke factory, was purchased, and the machin-
ery moved into it in the winter of 1867-8. More machinery was
added as means could be procured. An eftbrt was made to secure
a compaii}' for the purpose of increasing the facilities for manu-
facturing, but capital seemed to be otherwise directed.

In February, 1872, Mr. Dews died, and his interest was immedi-
ately withdrawn. Not only his capital, but his skill was missed,
yet the business continued.

In the summer of 1875 more capital was procured, and the
business increased. This firm was known as J. C. & E. B. Van
Deman, and in 1876 Van Denian & Jones. Water Street being
dedicated to two railroads — the Dayton k Southeastern and the
Springfield, Jackson & Pomeroy — communication was cut ofl:" for
retail trade, and not having sufficient capital to increase to general
wholesale trade, in 1880 the machinery was sold and removed to
Fort Scott, Kansas. At this time 'there is not a woolen mill in
the county for general manufacture.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 583

BIOGRAPHICAL.

DR. 0. A. ALLEN.

Dr. O. A. Allen, druggist, Washington, was born in New Jersey,
July 1, 1825, and is a son of John P. and Jane (Adams) Allen, both
natives of New Jersey. The family, consisting of live sons and
three daughters, immigrated to this state in 1831. Our subject was
married in March, 1852, to Jane Jenkins, of this county. Two
children have been born to them : Lucy, now Mrs. E. A. Ramsey,
and William J. The doctor is a member of Temple Lodge No.
227, I. O. 0. F., and also a member of the Baptist Church, being
at present clerk of the organization. At one time he was clerk of
the village of Washington. He studied at Granville College, and
completed his medical education at the Cleveland Medical College,
graduating in 1854, and commencing practice in the spring of that
year. He has continued as a druggist and physician to this day.

JOEL BARRETT.

Joel Barrett, painter and paper-hanger, Washington, was born
April 14, 1843, at Newmarket, Highland County, Ohio, and is a
son of Thomas and Sarah Barrett. His father is a native of Penn-
sylvania, and his mother of New Jersey. Their family consisted
of four children.

Joel, our subject, was married June 26, 1866, to Miss Mary E.
Johnston, daughter of Samuel B. and Rebecca Johnston, of High-
land County. They are blessed with seven children: Lizzie, Ellen,
Nettie, Jennie, Ralph, and Ida, living, and John, who died some
years ago. Our subject enlisted in Company B, 60th O. V. I., and
served one year, when the whole regiment was captured at Har-
per's Ferry, and subsequently paroled, when he re-enlisted Com-
pany B, 2d Ohio Heavy Artillery, and remained with them until
the close of the war. He was mustered out in 1865, came home,
and engaged in painting and paper-hanging alone until 1880, when
he formed a co-partnership with Mr. Curtis; and since that time,
under the lirm name of Curtis & Barrett, they have been doing an
extensive business. He is an Odd-fellow, and a member of the
Presbyterian Church. Received his education in Highland County,

584 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

where his life was spent up to the time of entering the service of
his country.

GEORGE J. BAILEY.

George J. Bailey, liveryman, Washington, was born in Newport,
Khode Island, December 8, 1848. He is a son of James E. and
Harriet Bailey, natives of Rhode Island, where they still reside.
They have two children : Joseph H. and George, our subject, who
was married October 2, 1873, to Miss Elizabeth Hathaway, daugh-
ter of John and Ann Hathaway, of Clarke County. They have
two children: Joseph P. and Charles S. Mr. Bailey served one
summer's cruise on board a government steamer, under the com-
mand of Lieutenant Miller. He and his wife are members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. He received his education in his na-
tive place, leaving there at the age of thirteen years, and clerked
in Boston and Xew York City for three years, when he came West
and engaged in the livery business, which he has followed since.

CHARLES C. BLAKEMORE.

Charles C. Blakemore, sewing machine agent, Washington, is a
son of William H. Blakemore, wdio was a native of Virginia, but
came to Ohio about the year 1824, and bought and settled on a
farm in this township, where the village of Culpepper now stands.
He married Miss Ann Millikan, daughter of Captain John Milli-
kan, who died at Chillicothe, of cold plague, during the year 1812.
They were the parents of ten children, live sons and live daughters,
three of whom died in infancy. Frank L. and Wyatt D. both
went West at the close of the war, being single at the time, but
married and settled in Taylor County, Iowa, and are engaged in
farming, occupying positions of honor and respect in their county.
Keziah C. is the wife of Colonel II. B. Maynard, whose biography
appears in this work. Amanda J., married to C. A. Beery, of Chil-
licothe; Emma, married to W. E. Bonfoy, of East Walnut Hills,
Cincinnati; Anna M., married to Nathan Snyder, wdio is now de-
ceased. She remains a widow, and lives in Xenia.

Charles C. Blakemore, our subject, was born in 1839, and is a na-
tive of this county. He spent his lirst years with his parents on
the farm, but removed with them into Washington at the age of

UNION TOWNSHIP. 585

ten, and has been a resident of the town ever since. For more
than twenty years M.r. Bhikemore has been engaged in the sewing
machine bnsiness — indeed, he is the pioneer sewing machine agent
in the county. He married his first wife, Miss Jenny Cox, daugh-
ter of Isaac Cox, of Hamilton County, in 1865, with whom he lived
nine years, when she died. Mr. Blakemore remained single three
years, when he married Mrs. Phcube J. Haus, daughter of John
Mallow, Esq., of Hoss County. They are residing in Washington,
on Main Street, in a nice residence of their own, and are without
children. Mr. Blakemore has been quite successful in the selection
of amiable wives. He is a man of some peculiar traits of charac-
ter, possessing an inherent love for fine horses, which seems to have
been a trait of character possessed to a great degree by his father.
Few men in the county are so fond of a good horse as is he, and
but few men are capable of handling one so skillfully. He is a
straightforward, honest, upright man. In politics, he is a Republi-
can; in religion, a Methodist. His father served the county as
coronor and sheriff, and died July 20, 1870. His mother died May
3, 1874, at the house of Colonel II. B. Maynard, in Washington.
The Blakemores are regarded as one of the prominent families of
the county.

JOHN SARGENT BURNETT.

John Sargent Burnett, farmer and stock-raiser, Seldon, is a son
of liobert and Susanna Burnett, who were natives of Virginia,
came to Ohio in 1810, and settled for the winter on the waters of
Herod's Creek, in Ross County, where they remained until the
spring of 1811, when he removed to this county, and settled about
half a mile east of Sugar Creek, where Henry Bush now lives, on
the south side of the Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley Railroad,
remaining here for some two years, when he removed to a farm
about one mile northwest from Jasper Station, where he remained
until his death, which event occurred December 9, 1878, in the
ninety-first year of his age. His wife died in 1839. He married
his second wife, Catharine Caylor, in 1844, who died in 1876. By
his first wife he had eleven children, six sous and five daughters.
Sidney died when a young woman; Harry married, and lives in
Clinton County, near Sabina; Rebecca is the wife of Jacob Mark,
Esq., living near Jasper Mills; NaQroa was married, but is now

41

586 HISTORY or fayette county.

dead ; Thomas married, lived in Wasliington, and died in 1870, and
his widow and children still remain in the same place; Catharine,
wife of Joseph Plum, lives in Washington; Elihu married and re-
moved to the State of Iowa a few years ago ; Absalom married,
and lives in Peru, Indiana; Susanna married, moved to Allen
County, and died: Jesse was a twin brother to John S., and died in
infancy.

The subject of our sketch was born October 21, 1817, and mar-
ried Sarilda Feagins in February, 1846. She is the daughter of
Richard Feagins, who is one of the pioneers of the county, being
in his eighty-fifth year. He lives with Mr. and Mrs. Burnett, who
now own and occupy the old homestead, where Mr. Feagins has
lived for so many years. Mr. Feagins has been much of a man in
his day, but now is becoming quite feeble, both in bod}' and mind.

Mr. and Mrs. Burnett are the parents of three children, two
daughters and one son. Mary Catharine married David Toops,
and is a widow. They had but one child, Oliver Edwin, a sprightly
lad, eleven years old, living with Mr. and Mrs. Burnett, who are
much delighted with him. Richard Henry married, and lives on
his father's tarm, and is without children. Susanna married Bar-
ton L. Stevenson. They live in the house with Mr. and Mrs. Bur-
nett, and have one son, Alonzo Edgar, four years of age, a child of
superior intellectual development for one of his years.

In 1849, Mr. Burnett was elected to the office of county surveyor,
in which official capacity he served for fifteen years. He was elect-
ed justice of the peace for Jasper Township in 1846, and served for
three years. He taught school for a number of his earlier years.
Was educated at Athens, in this state, and is an intelligent, well-
informed man, being more than an average in this respect with the
men of his age. He owned and lived on a farm but a few miles
north of Jasper Mills most of his married life. In the year 1876
he disposed of it, and purchased his father-in-law's farm, on the
east bank of Sugar Creek, in Union Township, a little north from
the Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley Railroad. This farm con-
tains one hundred and twenty-one acres of choice land. The fam-
ily moved here in the spring of 1876. Mr. Burnett is a Republi-
can in politics, a Christian gentleman, kind and affiible, and much
interested in the Sunday-school, education, etc.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 587

ABRAHAM BUSH.

Abram Bush, farmer and ex-county commissioner, was born in
Fayette County, Ohio, November 10, 1816, and is a son of Abraham
and Phoeba Bush, both natives of Virginia, who immigrated to
Ohio, in the year 1810. He came to Fayette County, in 1811, and
cut the road through the wilderness from Washington Court House
to. Sugar Creek, and the original farm still remains in the Bush
family ; they had a family of seven children. Abraham the sub-
ject of our remarks was married, in 1839, to Miss Catharine Bush,
daughter of Daniel and Susannah Bush, of Fayette County. They
have four children: Annetta, Gilbert L,, Charles F., and Serepta.
He was elected county commissioner, in 1871, and held the office
six years, and was, also, township clerk for eighteen years of Jef-
ferson Township, and two years a trustee. He is now farming
three hundred and fourteen acres of land, in Jefferson Township,
and raises a great many cattle and hogs. He received his educa-
tion in Fayette County, where he has lived from his birth.

CISMORE CARR.

Cismore Carr, fai-mer and stock raiser, Washington. His parents
were Joshua and Susy Carr, who came from Virginia, to this coun-
ty, in 1814. They are both dead. Mrs. Carr survived her hus-
band many years. They were the parents of four children : two
girls and two boys. Jason. M., married and moved to the State of
Missouri, and died there. Mary Susy was married to Captain E.
Henkle, and died some years since. Their biography appears in
this work. Mary Jane was married to Henry Baughn, and lives in
the neighborhood. Cismore, the subject of this sketch, was born
October 28, 1818, on the very spot of ground where he now resides.
He spent his earlier years in the vicinity of his residence. Mr.
Carr remained unmarried until February 23, 1870, when he mar-
ried Miss Margaret Jane Isgrig, daughter of Madison Isgrig of
Missouri. They were married in Missouri, but came to his home
in this county at once. They have four children : Christine Jane,
Mary Susy, Wilber Jason and Harman. Mr. Carr owns and lives
on a number one farm, containing three hundred and ten acres,
situated three miles west from Washington, midway between the

588 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Wilmington and Plymouth pike. His house is built on a hill or
elevation one hundred or more feet above the town of Washington.
This is one of the most beautiful locations for building purposes in
the county, being on the divide between the waters of Paint and
Sugar creeks. Mr. Carr, all his life, has been a very active, ener-
getic industrious man ; but few men in the county have performed
so much hard labor as Mr. Carr. For a number of years past, he
has devoted much time and energy in the late fall and early winter
in the purchasing and shipment of hogs on commission for Cin-
cinnati parties and elsewhere. Mr. Carr, for years, has had certain
interests which has called him west. He has been west thirty-
eight times. All of these trips may not have been very remuner-
ative; but some of them most assuredly proved very profitable,
for it was thus that Mr. Carr secured a most estimable wife, which
certainly is no small thing, especially for an old bachelor to do.
In politics he is a Republican.

JACOB CARR.

Jacob Carr, farmer and stock raiser, Washington, is a son of
Joab and Elizabeth Carr, natives of Virginia. They immigrated
to Ohio, on horseback, in 1815 ; came to Fayette County and set-
tled where the subject of this sketch now lives, in 1818; where the
father died in 1824, and the mother in 1832. They were the
parents of four children — three sons and one daughter : George,
married, and living in Clinton County; Joab, married, and living
in White County, Indiana; Mary Susan, died in 1832.

Jacob, our subject, was born October 7, 1817, on the spot where
he now lives. January 22, 1842, he married Miss Polly Herrod,
daughter of Samuel Herrod, of Madison County, Ohio, who raised
a large family, all of whom, including the father and mother, are
now dead, except Mrs. Carr and one sister.

Mr. and Mrs. Carr have had iiine children — four sons and five
daughters — born unto them : Matilda A., wife of William Thorn-
ton, of Madison County; Salathiel H., married, and living on the
home farm; Elijah Scott, married, and living in Millidgeville, this
county. Ellen A., married to Elam Thornton, and living in the
neighborhood ; David M., married, and living in the vicinity of
his father; Amanda Jane, married, and living in Clinton County;
Angeletta, married, and living in the neighborhood, and Susan and

"UNION TOWNSHIP. 589

Jesse Sherman, who are single, and remain at home with their
parents.

June 2, 1881, the entire family, consisting of father, mother, and
nine children, appeared before an artist in Washington, and had
their negatives taken for a family pictm^e.

Mr. Carr owns and lives on a most excellent farm, containing
one hundred and thirty-one acres, located two miles west of Wash-
ington, between the Wilmington and Palmer or Jamestown pikes.
Here he has lived all his life, raised his family, and expects to re-
main the balance of his days. Mr. Carr has never had a law suit,
and has never paid a dollar as fees to a lawyer. Was elected
assessor of his township in 1855, and has assessed the township
fifteen times, and assisted to do the same work five times. Sold
pork in the early part of his farm life at one cent per pound, and
delivered corn in Washington at ten cents per bushel. In politics
he is a Republican, and is a straightforward, honest, truthful man.
The family are well-to-do, and much respected by all who have to
do with them.

KEY. GEORGE CARPENTER.

Rev. George Carpenter,' pastor of the Presbyterian Church of
Washington, was born May 9, 1826, near "Carpenter's Mills" on
the Olentangy River, Delaware County. His father, Nathan Car-
penter, was born in New York, but in 1801, when eleven years of
age, the family immigrated to this state, and settled in Delaware
County.

In 1811, he was married to Miss Electa Case, whose father's fam-
ily came originally from New Haven, Connecticut, with the " Worth-
ington colony," in 1803. They had eleven children, three sons and
eight daughters.

When the subject of this sketch was eleven years old, his father
removed to a farm near Worthington, Franklin County, and his
youth was spent in alternately working the farm and attending
school. He graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University, in 1851,
and in his theological course at Cincinnati, in 1853. He was licensed
by the Presbytery of Columbus at Kingstown, Ross County, in the
same church where he afterwards ministered as pastor. He served
for several months the churches of Tarlton and Amanda; but
being laid aside b} sickness for a year, afterwards accepted a

590 HISTORY OV FAYETTE COUNTY.

call to Kingston, where he was ordained and installed pastor
October, 1855 ; he remained there twelve years, when he received
and accepted an invitation to Washington where he is still pas-
tor.

Mr. Carpenter was marriod August 10, 1852, to Matilda, daughter
of Eev. James Gilruth of Davenport, Iowa ; but formerly a pio-
neer in this state of the Methodist Church. They have seven children,
of whom two daughters — the oldest and the youngest — ^have been
called to their rest : Hattie Gilruth, aged twenty-one, and baby
Maud, only five months. The eldest son, Willard Bryant, is mar-
ried and is a practicing physician in Columbus, Ohio. Two sons,
George Haywood and Charles Ivynett, and two daughters, Mary,
Lisle and Alice Boone are still at home.

Mr. Carpenter has always been prominent in Christian and tem-
perance work. His wife was one of the leaders in the memorable
" crusade" against the rumseller.

ALBERT W. CLOUSER.

Albert W. Clouser, clerk in grocery, was born September 14,
1852, in Ross County, and is a son of David and Eliza Clouser,
both natives of this state. They had a family of four children,
two sons and two daughters.

Albert, the subject of our sketch, was married the 26th day of
November, 1879, to Miss Ida May Stingle, daughter of Robert
Stingle, of Washington. He received his education at country
schools. His youth was spent in this county, and has lived on a
farm all his life until two years ago, since which he has followed
civil engineering until about four months ago, when he went into
Mr. Millikan's grocery as clerk. In politics is a Republican.

L. C. COFFMAN.

L. C. CofFman, lumber dealer, son of Nathan and Sarah CofFman.
Born in this county, January 25, 1840. His parents were natives of
this state. They had a family of eight children.

Our subject was married April 4, 1861, to Miss Alsina, daughter
of Jackson and Nancy Rodgen, who lived near Good Hope, this
county. Mr. Cotfman has a family of six children : Elmira
B., Nathen J., Grant, Elwert, Alberta and Lewis C. He be-

UNION , TOAVNSHIP. 591

longs to lodge ISTo. 107, F. A. M. He received his education in
Delaware, Ohio, and Washington. He was reared in this county,
and w^hen nineteen years of age taught school. At the end of
two years he went on his farm and remained there some ten or
twelve years, then came to Washington to engage in the pork
business. After being in that business for three years he went into
the lumber business, in Avhich he still continues successfully. Polit-
ically he is a Republican.

DR. HENRY C. COFFMAN.

Dr. Henry C. CotFman, druggist and physician, was born in Rip-
ley, Brown County, Ohio, on the 4th day of August, 1823, and is a
son of Henry and Margaret Cotfman. His father is a native Ken-
tucky, and his mother of Pennsylvania. They came to this state
about the year 1800, with a family of seven children, four sons and
tnree daughters, Henry, the subject of our remarks, was married
in 1846, to Miss Mary J. Harlow, daughter of Jonas and Nancy
Harlow, of Dublin, Franklin County, Ohio, and have been blessed
with a family of eight children, six of whom are living: Jeanette,
Marilla, Virogua, Tasso, Harry and Charles, and the two deceased
are Angeline and Margaret.

He is a member of Temple Lodge, No. 107, F. A. M., and also of
Fayette Lodge, No 227, Odd-fellows, and has been a practicing
physician s®me thirty-five years, twenty-five of which has been at
Washington, and is extensively engaged in the drug business, and
one of the finest in the country. '

He graduated at Columbus, in the year 1850, at the Starling
Medical College. He first commenced the practice of medicine at
Good Hope, Ohio, without horse, saddle or bridle, with but twenty-
five cents in his pocket ; and through his indomitable perseverance
and hard work he made some thirty-five thousand dollars, and in
one swoop had i| all taken from him; but being a man of perse-
verance and an iron will, has again gained enough of this world's
goods to be easy in life, and to-day does not owe a dollar of per-
sonal debts, and is now doing a business both in his store and prac-
tice second to none in the county.

JAMES F. COOK.

James F. Cook, sherift" of Fayette County, was born in this

592 HISTORY OP PAYETTE COUNTY.

county, October 19, 1854. He is a son of Isaac and Betsey Cook,
the former a native of Ohio, and the latter of Virginia. They
had a family of nine children — six sons and three daughters,
■ James, the subject of our remarks, was married in 1864 to Miss
Mary A. Myers, daughter of John L. and Catherine Myers, of this
county. They have a family of five children: Katie M., Lizzie L.,
Isaac T., James F., and John W.

Mr. Cook enlisted, July, 1861, in the three months service, and
went to Camp Chase, where the command was disbanded. In 1862
he enlisted in Company K, 90th O. Y. [., and was commissioned
first lieutenant. In 1864 he was promoted to captain, and in 1865
was commissioned as major. Was mustered out of the service,
June 13, 1865, at Camp Ilarker, Tennessee. He was at the bat-
tles of Stone Biver, Chickamanga, and all the engagements of the
Atlanta campaign. He then came back with General Thomas,
and was engaged in the battles of Franklin and Nashville.

He returned home and engaged in farming, until 1880, when he
was elected sheriflt" of the county, which office he still holds. He
is a member of Mount Sterling Lodge No. 269, 1. O. O. F. He re-
ceived his education in Madison Township, where he was born and
raised. His father came to Fayette County in 1814, where he re-
mained until his death, in 1876.

ELI CRAIG.

Eli Craig, county treasurer, Washington, was born in Wajnie
Township, Ofiio, January 10, 1833. He is a son of David and
Sarah Craig, the former a native of New Jersey, and coming to
Ohio about the year 1815, and the latter a native of this state.
They were blessed with ten children, six of whom are living.

Eli, our subject, was married June 17, 1858, to Miss May Ann
Burnett, daughter of Thomas Burnett, of this county. They have
two children, Thomas II. and David S., both grown to manhood.

Mr. Craig is a member of Temple Lodge No. 227, I. O. O. F.,
and also of the Methodist Church. He received a common school
education, and may be classed among the self-made men of our
county. He commenced in the mercantile business when but a
boy, remaining with his father (who was a cripple) until 1869,
since which time, in connection with his brother, he has carried on
business very extensively in the I. 0. O. F. building, on Court

ttNlON TOWNSHIP. 59S

Street. He was appointed treasurer in 1872, to fill the unexpired
term of John Sayers, and in 1877 was elected to the same office,
and re-elected in 1879. His ^^outh, with the exception of some
five years, was spent in this county.

ANDREW DEWITT.

Andrew DeWitt, raiser of fine stock, Washington, was born in
Fayette County, August 23, 1813. He is a son of John and Polly
DeWitt, the former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Penn-
sylvania.. The father came to Ohio about the year 1808, and the
mother about the same time. They had a famil}^ of twelve children,
ten of whom are living.

Andrew, our subject, was married April 19, 1842, to Miss Eliza-
beth Hire, daughter of George and Catharine Hire, of Ross
County, this state. Twelve children, all living, is the result of this
union : Mary C, Samantha, Thomas H., Harvey, Elizabeth E.,
Joan, John, Hannah B., Martin L., Jennie, Almeda, and George C.

Mr. DeWitt is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
He received his eduoRtion in Washington and in Ross Count}", and
has spent his whole life in this county. For thirty -five years he
has been engaged in raising the Rose of Sharon, Young Mary's,
Filicies, Jantha's, and Flora stock of cattle. He is the owner of
the horse that produced Ben Hamilton. He is from Alexander
Norman and a Denmark mare.

Mr. DeWitt's farm consists of eight hundred and fifty-six acres,,
and he is one of the most extensive stock raisers in Ohio. In the
pioneer days many wild animals, especially the black bear, inhab-
ited the forests, and on one occasion when on his way home from
the Rock Mills, in August, 1822, Mr. DeWitt treed two bears in
one tree.

C. L. CURTIS.

C. L. Curtis, painter and paper-hanger, Washington, was born
July 15, 1846, and is a son of Charles and Rachel Curtis, natives of
Pennsylvania, who came to Ohio about the year 1800. They had
a family of four children, two sons and two daughters. Our sub-
ject was married, in 1874, to Miss S. J. Kern, daughter of Jeremiah
Kern, of Franklin County. The}' have one child, John Clyde.

594 ' HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

Our subject enlisted in Compauy A, 3d O. V. L, in 1861, when
only fifteen years of age, and remained with it a few weeks, when
he was wounded in the hand, on the 6th of April, 1862, at Pitts-
burgh Landing, and went home on a furlough. When his hand
got well he returned to his regiment, and remained until the close
of the war. He then went to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and worked
at his trade for about six years, when he came to Washington,
where he is now permanently located with a partner, doing busi-
ness under the firm name of Curtis & Barrett. They are both first-
class workmen, and command a large share of the work in the
county. He received his education in Pittsburgh, graduated at
Dufi;*'s Commercial College, and his life was principally spent in the
coal city.

SOLOMON WALKER ELY.

Solomon Walker Ely, gardener, Washington, was born in Ross
County, October 1, 1825; was married August 23, 1849, to Miss
Mary Cory, daughter of Israel Cory, near Frankfort, Ross County;
lived in Ross County nineteen years; moved to Washington in
1857, and has remained here until the present time. They were
the parents of six children, two of whom died in infancy, and two
sons and two daughters living — Joseph N. married, and lives in
Missouri; Anson I., whereabouts not known, most probably in
Alaska Territory ; Sarah E., single; Nora, married. His wife died
•in 1863, and he married for his second wife Mrs. H. A. Atkinson,
of Madison County. They have by this marriage one son, twelve
years of age, a sprightly lad.

Mr. Ely is a man of intelligence, and possesses a well-stored
mind. He has read and thought much. In politics, he is a Repub-
lican ; in religion, a Baptist. He owns and lives on a lovely little
farm, containing four acres, on the Palmer pike, but a short dis-
tance from Washington.

FRED C. FOSTER.

Fred C. Foster, books and stationery, Washington, was born in
Butler County, December 29, 1845, and is a son of Adam and Han-
nah Foster. His father is a native of Germany, and his mother of
Ohio. The}' had a family of nine children, four sons and five

UNION TOWNSHIP. 595

daughters. Fred C. was married July 15, 1875, to Miss Francis A.
Greene, daughter of" Patrick Greene, of Hocking County. They
have two children : Mabel C. and Dane D. He and his wife are
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He received a com-
mon school education in Butler County, where his life was spent
until he was twenty-one years of age, when he came to Washing-
ton, where he embarked in several different kinds of business, un-
til he finally settled down to the book and stationery business, in
which, .with all his opposition, he is doing a flourishing and profit-
able trade. His place of business is just below the post office, oil
Court Street.

JOHN S. FOSTER.

John S. Foster, liverj'man, born in Clermont Count}', Ohio, on
the 16th day of June, 1822, and is a son of Thomas and Sarah
Foster. His father is a native of Virginia, and his mother of
Pennsylvania. They immigrated to this state, in the year 1800,
with a family of eight children, two sous and six daughters.

John S., our subject, was married in 1848, to Miss Margaret C.
Thompson, daughter of Edward and Susan Thompson, of Thomp-
son's Mills, Brown County, Ohio. They have a family of six cliil-
dren, five of whom are living : Susan T., Sarah B., Kate J., Mollie V.,
and John K., and one dead, Edward T.

Our subject enlisted as a captain of Fourth Ohio Independent
Cavalry, and stood highest of any volunteer cavalry captain in tlie
United States service. He has thirty-two regular battles inscribed
on his banner; and his company was body guard of General Mc-
Pherson for nearly two years, until his death, and in all his battles
never witnessed a single defeat. He was mustered out and received
an honorable discharge on the 22d of July, 1864. He is a member
of Georgetown Lodge, No. 172, F. A. M., also a member of the
Methodist Church, and was elected sheriff of Brown County, Ohio,
in 1854, and served two years; received his education in Clermont
County and at Granville, Ohio. He is now engaged in the livery
and sale business at Washington, and has followed auctioneering
some twenty years of his life, making a wide-spread reputation
and a host of friends, as may be seen from the very extensive busi-
ness he is engaged in.

596 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

J. S. (JOLDTRAP.

J. S. Goldtrap, supervising agent Singer Manufacturing Company,
was born in Clermont County, Ohio, July 13, 1844, and is a son of
Thomas and Mary M. Goldtrap, both natives of this state, and who
had a family of twelve children, all of whom are living but two.

John S., our subject, was educated in Clermont County, where
his youth was spent. lie was inarried, February 22, 1873, to Miss
Emma B. White, daughter of Dr. R. P. White, o^ Cincinnati; she
Avas born May 22, 1854. They have had one child, Bessie May,
born April 29, 1878. Mr. Goldtrap is a member of Temple Lodge,
No. 227, I. 0. O. F. At present, he is engaged as supervising agent
for the Singer Manufacturing Company', with his office on Court
Street, opposite the Arlington House, where he is doing an exten-
sive business; his sales amounting to fifteen hundred dollars per
month. He handles only the genuine Singer Machine, whose
merits are well known all over the Avorld. The sales of the com-
pany which he represents, during the year 1880, amounted to
538,609, being two thirds of all the machines sold in the United
States, and an increase over their sales of the previous year of
107,442. Mr. Goldtrap keeps a full line of machine attachments,
needles, etc., at his office.

REBICK THOMAS GOODSON. *

Redick Thomas Goodson, farmer and stock-raiser, Washington,
is a son of James Goodson, who was a native of North Carolina,
but came to Clinton Count}', Ohio, and settled on a farm a short
distance north of Sabina,*where he lived and died. He was the
father of five children, four sons and one daughter: Ozias, married
and moved to Missouri; Elizabeth, twice married, and lives in
Greene County ; Belshazzar, married, and lives in Highland Coun-
ty; Everett, died at the age of twelve.

The subject of this sketch was born October 3, 1818, and mar-
ried Sela Sharp, daughter of John Sharp, who resides near Sabina,
Clinton County. Eleven children have been born to them, three
sons and eight daughters: Martha Jane, married, and lives in In-
diana; John, married, and lives on the home farm; Dicy A., un-
married, and died at the age of twenty-five; Mary, married, and

UNION TOWNSHIP. . 597

deceased; Keziah, married, and lives in the neigliborhood; Belle,
married, and lives near her father's residence; Lydia, Rebecca,
Moab, and Rosetta, single, and remain at liome with their parents.
Mr. Goodson owned and lived on a farm in Clinton County for
some twentj^'-tive years, situated two miles south from Sabina, on
the Greenlield pike. Kine years ago he disposed of that farm, and
purchased the one where he now resides, known as the Fultz farm,
being three miles west from Washington, on the south side of the
Plymouth pike. This farm contains one hundred and nineteen
acres, in a good state of cnkivation, and is one of the many excel-
lent farms of this township. He paid eighty dollars per acre for
this farm, and considers it a bargain at that price. In politics he
is a Republican, and in religion a Methodist. A well-to-do and
much-respected family. He is without an early education, but a
man of sense and excellent judgment,

THOMAS F. GARDNER.

Thomas F. Gardner, editor, Washington, was born in Newmar-
ket, Ohio, February 18, 1832, and is a son of Beth and Elma S.
Gardner, natives of Ohio, Avho had a family of three sons: George
B., Mills, and Thomas F., our subject, who was married August 4,
1852, to Miss Susan Evans, daughter of Richard and Isabella Evans,
of Washington. They have three children : Nannie B. and Charles
F., living, and one who died in infancy.

Our subject enlisted in the 1st Ohio Cavalry, and after getting
his hand broken was discharged, and afterward re-enlisted in a
company of sharpshooters in the 60th Regiment, in front of Peters-
burg, where he remained until the close of the war, then he re-
ceived an honorable discharge at Cleveland, in 1865, when the
general discharge was made.

In 1849, he. and his brother published a paper, the present Regis-
ter, and when he was away he left his brother in charge of it. He
afterward sold out to Pierce, who died, when the paper went into
the hands of Samuel Pike, and he sold to W. G. Gould, and he to
Beesley & Simmons, when Beesley died, and the administrator sold
it to H. V. Kerr, who has since departed this life, and the paper is
still continued by his son.

Our subject commenced his present paper September 17, 1879.
He has filled the office of mayor and justice of the peace, which he

598 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

resigned on going into the army. After returning home he en-
gaged in different kinds of mercantile business, until he started the
paper of which he is now the editor. He is a member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. Received his education while work-
ing at his trade, not having the advantages of the schools, and
stands to-day among our self-made men, an honor to any one. His
youth was spent at Newmarket. In politics he is a staunch Re-
publican.

ACE GREGG.

Ace Gregg, judge common pleas court, Washington, was born
October 4, 1845, in Jefferson Township, and is a sou of John F.
and Mary J. Gregg, both natives of Ohio, who have a family of six
children, three sons and three daughters.

Ace, the subject of our sketch, was married, in the year 1871, to
Miss Amelia J. Jones, daughter of Reuben and Matilda Jones, of
Bloomingburg. He is a member of Temple Lodge No. 227, I. O.
O. F., Washington, and also a member of the Royal Arcanum.
He received his education in the Normal School at Lebanon, and
his law lectures at Ann Arbor, Michigan University. Read law
at Washington, with Hon. M. J. Williams, and commenced prac-
tice in the year 1870, under the firm name of Gregg & Corcoran,
until 1880. During his practice he was prosecuting attorney for
six years. He was elected judge of the common pleas court in
the fall of 1880, and went on the bench on the first Monday in No-
vember, 1880, where he now presides.

0. M. GRUBBS.

0. M. Grubbs, blacksmith, Washington, was born August 30,
1823, in this county. He is a son of Stephen and Diana Grubbs,
— both natives of Ohio, — who were the parents of eight chil-
dren, seven of Avhom are living: Sarah, Oliver, Lorena, Har-
riet, Eliza, Manford, Louis, and Thomas, deceased.

Oliver, our subject, was married May 14, 1856, to Mary Jane,
daughter of Arthur and Elizabeth Patton, of this county, who has
borne him three children : Henry, Percival, and Jessie R.

Mr. Grubbs received his education in this county, lived on the
old home farm until seven years of age, and at eighteen commenc-

UNION TOWNSHIP. 599

ed blacksmithing, which he has successfully followed to the present.
Politically he is a Republican.

M. B. GRUBBS.

M. B. Grubbs, contractor and builder, Washington, son of
Stephen and Diana Grubbs, was born in Washington C. H., Feb-
ruary 21, 1838. His father was a native of Virginia, and his
mother of Ohio. They had a family of eight children.

Manford, our subject, was married, July 31, 1860, to Miss Ella
D., daughter of Moses and Rebecca Adams of New Holland, Pick-
away County. Five children are the fruits of this union : Werter,
Charles, Stephen, Bessie, and Mamie. Mr. Grubbs was reared in
this county, and taught school for ten or twelve years. In politics
he is a Republican.

HORACE L. IIADLEY.

Horace L. Hadley, attorney at law, Washington, was born in
Sandwich, N. H. His father and mother, Withrop and Sybil Had-
ley, were natives of New Hampshire, where they still reside. They
had a family of ten children, eight of whom are living.

Horace L., the subject of our remarks, was married September
1, 1868, to Miss S. Lizzie Emmerson, daughter of Daniel and
Elizabeth Emmerson, of Massachusetts. They have one child,
Olivia B. H. L.

On the 26tli of August, 1862, Mr. Hadley enlisted in Company
C, 5th Massachusetts, Col. Pearson commanding, and was muster-
ed into the service on the 16th of October, following. This was
a nine months regiment, but they were in the service nearly a year
before they were mustered out, which was in the middle of July,
1863.

He read law with the Hon. Sidney C. Bancroft, until he went
into the army, and after his discharge he went to Salem, Massa-
chusetts, and linished his studies with Perry and Endicut. Mr.
Endicut is now Supreme Judge of Massachusetts, and Mr. Perry,
author of the celebrated law book, " Perry on Trust," is now dead.
Mr. Hadley was admitted to the bar on the 16th of September,
1863, the year following his enlistment, at Newburyport, Massachu-
setts. He first located and commenced practice, November, 1863,

600 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

at Daufers, Massachusetts, where he continued until April 1, 1870.
He then came to Ohio, and since October 1, 1874, he has been
.practicing in Wasliington, under the firm name of Maynard &
Hadley, a firm well known in Fayette and surrounding counties as
one which stands at the head of the profession. In 1881, was elect-
ed representative from Fayette County.

E. C. HAMILTON.

E. C. Hamilton, dentist, was born in Springfield, Ohio, December
23, 1836, and is a son of Henry A., and Sarah A. Hamilton, of
Greene County, Ohio, who had a family of six children, and were
natives of Maryland.

E. C. Hamilton, the subject of these remarks, was married in

1862, to Miss Amanda Wright, daughter of G. W. Wright, of
Xenia, Ohio. She died in December, 1864, leaving one child, George
E. He was again married, in 1869, to Miss Lucy E. Stoddard, of
Wooster University, by whom he had four children: Mary L.,
Grace M., Stodard C, and Karl M.

Our subject enlisted in the 154th 0. V. I., Company B. He serv-
ed some five months and was honorably discharged, September,

1863. He then went to Cincinnati where he remained practicing
dentistry until 1865, when he came to Washington where he has
remained. He has been a practicing dentist for twenty-three years,
enough to speak for his proficiency in the business. He is a mem-
ber of Temple Lodge No. 227, I. 0. 0. F., also of the Presbyterian
Church.

WILLIAM H. HAMMER.

William II. Hammer, carpenter, a son of George and Mary Ham-
mer, uatives of Virginia, was born October 12, 1840, and is one of
a family of twelve.

He was married January 19, 1871, to Miss Mellie, daughter of
James G., and Telithe Jolly, of Lomberton, Clinton County, Ohio.
Mr. Hammer is the father of five children : Howard E., Pearl B.,
Leota, Georgianna, and Claud H.

He enlisted in the 25th ISTorthern Virginia Kegiment, C. S. A.,
under Generals Lee and Jackson, and was engaged in thirty-two
battles; some of the most important, of which, were Ridge Moun-

UNION TOWNSHIP. 601

tain, Alleghany Monntain, Winchester, etc. At Spottsylvania C.
H., Virginia, after having been three years in the confederate army,
he was taken prisoner, and was coniined at Point Lookout three
months, and Elmyra, Xew York, twelve months. He was never,
wounded or sick while in the army.

He is a member of the Masonic Order, and of the Presbyterian
Church. He was reared and educated in Virginia, where he lived
until his removal to Ohio, March 20, 1867.

JOSEPH S. HARRIS.

Joseph S. Harris, Washington, was born in Clinton County,
March 11, 1849. His father, James Harris, is a native of Ohio, and
is now living with his second wife, in Clarke County. He had eight
children by his first wife, two of whom died in infancy: Aman J.,
married, and lives in Yellow Springs, Greene County ; Anna, mar-
ried, and lives in Clinton County; George H., single, and lives on a
farm in Missouri ; Arthur W., single, living near Yellow Springs.

The subject of this sketch was married to Miss Lucinda Wright,
daughter of Merritt Wright, of Xenia, September 28, 1871, and
soon after their marriage commenced house-keeping in Xenia.
They have three children, two sons and one daughter : Edgar W.,
John McCling, and Clara A. At the age of sixteen Mr. Harris
commenced to learu the marble and monument business with Mr.
Dodds, of Yellow Springs, in the year 1863. In 1864 Mr. Dodds
moved to Xenia, where he opened up a more extensive business.
Mr. Harris remained in his employ until 1866, when he enlisted in
the regular army for three years, served out his time, and was hon-
orably discharged. He at once returned home, and resumed his
place with Mr. Dodds in the monument business, continuing with
him until 1876, when he set np in business for himself at Xenia,
and continued until March, 1880, when he returned to Washington,
and opened a marble and granite establishment, which has steadily
increased until the present time.

D. M. HAYS.

D. M. Hays, agriculturist, Washington, was born in Ross County,
August 1, 1824, and is a son of James, jr., and Margaret Hays, and
grandson of James Hays, sen., who was grandfather to President

602 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Hayes. Grandfather James jr's father was a native of Kentucky,
and his mother of Ohio. They had a family of ten children, seven
sons and three daughters, all living.

The subject of our sketch is the eldest of the family, and was
married, in 1848, to Miss Rebecca Mann, daughter of David and
Harriet Mann, of this state. They have a family of six children
living: Harriet E., Joseph A., Addison N., Margaret M., John B.,
and Alice D.; and six dead: James D., John W., George W., and
two who died in infancy.

Mr. Hays is a member of Bloomingburg Lodge N'o. 449, F. & A.
M., and also a member of the Grange, l^o. 599 ; he is also a mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His wife was called from
him by death last August, after living together for thirty-three
years. He now owns a farm of one hundred and twenty-four acres
in this township, well cultivated, and is one of the thorough-going
and enterprising farmers of the county. He received his education
in Pike County, where his youth was principally spent. He is now
extensively engaged in the agricultural implement business, and is
doing his full share of the business in Washington.

BOMEN HESS.

Bomen Hess, undertaker, Washington, was born in Clinton
County, August 20, 1838, and is a son of Fuller and Mary Hess,
natives of Pennsylvania, who immigrated to Ohio in the year 1833,
with a family of one child, Bomen, our subject, who was married
in January, 1860, to Miss Sarah C. Cochran, daughter of Robert
and Sarah Cochran, of Adams County. They are blessed with
three children : Mary, Robert, and Elvira.

Mr. Hess is a member of Temple Lodge No. 227, I. O. O. F,, and
of Fayette Lodge No. 107, F. & A. M. He received his education
in Washington, where the principal portion of his youth was spent.
He has for the past six years been engaged in the business of un-
dertaker at Washington, and is doing the principal portion of the
business. He is a man generally known and well beloved by all
who know him, hence his extensive business.

EPHRAIM HENKLE.

Ephraim Henkle, farmer and stock-raiser, Washington. His

UNION TOWNSHIP. 603

parents were natives of Virginia. Thej came to Oliio in an early
day, and located on the waters of main Paint Creek, one mile and
a half above Washington. Here the subject of this sketch was
born, April 23, 1818. At the age of ten his mother died, and from
that time up to the present, Mr. Henkle has had to care for himself
(the father abandoning the family).

He married Miss Mary S. Carr, daughter of Joshua Carr, March
12, 1840. In 1848 he bought seventy-eight acres of land in this
township, some three miles west from the town of Washington,
paying eight dollars per acre for the same. He at once removed to
this farm, and has remained there until the present time.

Mrs. Henkle died March 4, 1871. They were the parents of ten
children, live sons and iive daughters: Ellen, died when a young
woman, in the twenty-second year of her age; Mary Jane, married
James A. Bush, and lives on her ftither's farm; William L., mar-
ried, and lives on his farm in the neighborhood; Jason F., is thirty-
four vears of age, married to his second wife, and living in the
town of Jasper. He is an ordained minister of the gospel in the
Methodist Protestant Church, has been in the regular pastoral work
for nearly six years, and is now serving his church in that relation
at home, where he was born and raised. Noah S. is single, remain-
ing at home with his fatlier, and cultivating a portion of the home
farm, Joel E. is married, and lives on his" own farm in the neigh-
borhood. Jesse C. is married, and lives in Madison County. Cath-
arine J. is married, and lives in Jasper Township. Amanda S. is
married, and lives in Bainbridge, Boss County. Almeda Lorena is
single, and keeps house for her father.

Probably no man in the county has been more successful in the
raising of a good family of children than Mr. Henkle. He has
seen them all grown up to manhood and womanhood, kind, honest,
industrious, religious (all being members of the Methodist Protest-
ant Church). He has always been a public-spirited man, a man of
enterprise and activity. For many years he served the county as
infirmary director, giving the most perfect satisfaction, and for four
years acted as assessor of the township. Although over age, yet at
the earnest request of his many friends, he served as captain in the
hundred days' service, and was taken prisoner at Cynthiaha, Ken-
tucky. He owns a most excellent farm of one hundred and sixty
acres, where he resides, paying as high as one hundred dollars per
acre, without any buildings, for a portion of it. This is one of the
best farms of its size in the county.

604 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

MICHAEL HERBERT.

Michael Herbert, banker, Washington, was born near the city ©f
Limerick, Ireland, September 25, 1829. As regards his genealogy,
he has learned sufficient to know that it is considerably mixed,
composed of various fonts, consisting of German-English and
Spanish-French blood. On his father's side the former prevails;
on his mother's, the latter. He received his school education in
the "Emerald Isle." With his father's family he emigrated to
Canada in 1840. He was early " thrown upon his own resources."
He commenced the study of the printing business at London, Can-
ada West, in 1842. In May, 1850, he left Canada, and migrated to
Cincinnati, where he remained, pursuing his studies of "the art
preservative," until November, 1855. He then came to Washing-
ton, this county, and accepted the foremauship of the office of the
Washington Register. He had previously, during his sojourn in
Cincinnati, become intimately acquainted with the editor of that
paper, Mr. Elgar B. Pearce, they having "set 'em up" on various
journals during their stay in the Queen City, and at case they did
labor together.

In April, 1861, he dropped "the stick and rule," and "fought,
bled, and died for his country" during the three months' "sojer"
campaign, as many great heroes have done in cases of similar " un-
pleasantness," and long afterward partook of regular rations ! At
the close of that ever-to-be-remembered, though brief campaign,
owing to physical disability under which he then labored, he aban-
doned "the profession of arms," and again resumed the duties of
his position on the Begisfer. During his connection with that jour-
nal in the capacity mentioned, he performed considerable dut}^ in
the chair editorial, — wrote for and contributed largely to its columns.

In January, 1866, he commenced to act as clerk (book-keeper) in
the First National Bank of Washington (which corporation became
a private banking institution, styled and known as the Peoples and
Drovers Bank, in April, 1878). In 1868 he was appointed teller of
the bank, and at present writing (September, 1881,) still officiates
in that position. He states that though he has handled millions of
cash, he yet finds dollars of 1804 very scarce !

January 20, 1870, a very important episode transpired in the life
of Mr. Herbert. He married! took unto himself as wife a most

bells

UNION TOWNSHIP. 605

estimable lady, Mrs. A^irgiiiia B. Pearce, widow of his laugsyne
friend, Mr. E. B. Pearce.

As a voyager on life's stormy sea, Mr. Herbert " pursues the even
tenor of his way" in the endeavor to discharge, as best he can, and
as seems to him right and proper, the various duties devolving upon
iiim, feeling that "Time will make all things right," e'en though —

" There's many a change on Folly's be
Quite equals mud and oyster shells."

THOMAS HILDENBRAND.

Thomas Hildenbrand, farmer, Washington, was born in Jackson
County, Ohio, March 13, 1847. He is a son of George and Rachel
Hildenbrand, both natives of this state. They had a family of ten
children, all living but three.

Thomas, the subject of om- sketch, enlisted in September, 1864,
in Company E, 179th O. V. I., and was mustered out June 17,1865,
at Columbus. He came here from Jackson County, in tlie year
1879, and is now living on his farm some three miles north of
Washington.

JOSEPH HIDY.

Joseph Hidy, attorney-at-law, Washington, was born in this
county, August 23,1854. He is a son of Urban and Mary A. Hidy,
natives of Ohio, who reared a family of five children, two dead and
three living.

Joseph, the subject of our sketch, is a member of the Jefl'erson-
ville lodge of Freemasons. He received his education at the com-
mon school, and then took a philosophical course, receiving the de-
gree of bachelor of philosophy at Buchtel College, Akron, this
state. He then went to Ann Arbor, Michigan, and t9ok a collegiate
course, graduating in the spring of 1878. He was admitted to the
bar in April, 1878, and commenced practice the following May, un-
der the firm name of Savage and Hidy.

W. J. HORNEY.

W. J. Horney, county commissioner and farmer, was born in
Jeflferson Township, this county, on the 20th of February, 1831,

606 HlSTORl^ or FAYETTE COUNTY.

and is a son of Jeffrey and Catherine Ilorneri He was a native of
North Carolina, and immigrated to this county, in 1805, she of
Virginia, and came here in 1815. The family consisted of nine
children.

W. J. Horney, onr subject, was married, in 1853, to Sallie A.
McMillen, daughter of John and Martha McMilleu, of this county.
The marriage has been blessed with four children: Edwin E., Ida
F., Eugene W., and Mary C, all living, two others dying in infancy.

He, during the "late unpleasantness," assisted in driving Morgan
back to Kentucky. He was first lieutenant of Company G, 168th
O. V. I., and is a member of Pleasant View Baptist Church. He
received his education in this county, where his youth was spent,
and is now serving his second term as count}^ commissioner, and
owns three hundred and twenty-five acres of land near Jetfer-
sonville. (See JefiPerson Township.)

R. C. HUNT.

R. C. Hunt, civil engineer, was born, December 1, 1851, in War-
ren County, Kentucky, and is a son of Weldon and Nanc}^ Hunt.
His father is a native of Korth Carolina, his mother of Kentucky.
They had a family of nine children.

E. C. Hunt was married, the 16th of February, 1881, to Miss
Lida Saxton, a daughter of George Saxton, of Washington. He
has been a civil engineer for ten years, and still holds that position.
He received his education at Cave Springs Academy, in Logan
County, Kentucky; studying civil engineering at the same place.
His office is located on Court Street, Washington.

GEORGE C. JENKINS.

George C. Jenkins, grocer, was born in Franklin, Eoss County,
Ohio, i^ovember 13, 1842, and is a son of James M. and Sarah
Jenkins. His father is a native of Ohio, and his mother of Penn-
sylvania ; they had a fiimily of four children.

Our subject, the only son, was married December 14, 1869, to
Miss Mary E. McLean, daughter of Joseph McLean, of this county ;
they have four children : Mertie M., Dio L., Lucy D., and Harvey
G., all living.

Our subject enlisted the 19th of May, 1861, in Company B, in

UNION TOWNSHIP. 607

the 21st Illinois Infantry, and served with this regiment some two
months, and then was attached to the 2d Illinois Light Artillery,
where he served two and a half years ; when he was promoted to
second lieutenant in 1st Alabama cavalry, U, S. V., and was
again promoted to captain ; when on the 10th of March, 1865, he
w^as wounded, in the battle of Monroe's cross roads, in the left
arm and right instep, which kept him off duty some three months';
when he returned to his command on the 3d of July, 1865. This
was the last regular engagement he was in, and after serving four
years, five months and one day, he was, on the 20th of October,
1865, honorably discharged. He was in twenty-seven regular en-
gagements, besides hundreds of minor battles. He is a member of
the Methodist Church, also of the Grand Army of the Republic.
He received his education at Washington, where his youth was
spent. He is now engaged in the grocery business, of which he
has his full share of patronage.

SOLOMON F. JOHNSON.

Solomon F. Johnson, coal dealer and farmer, is the son of
Thomas T. and Mary Johnson, who were natives of Virginia ; but
came with their parents to this state, in an" early day, when they
were quite young. His father first settled in Greene County,
and his mother in Warren County. After their marriage they
removed to Springfield Illinois, where they remained some three
years ; when they removed to the State of Indiana and remained
a short time, then they returned to Ohio and settled in Fayette
County, where the mother died, at the age of seventy-two, and the
father at the advanced age of eighty. They were the parents of seven
children, four daughters and three sons. Anna, married to Simeon
Creamer, now deceased. She remains a widow and lives near the
line of Clinton and Fayette counties. Rachel died at the age of
tw^elve. Amos Thornburg, married and lives in Jacksonville,
Oregon. Martha was unmarried, and died in Springfield, Illinois, at
the age of eighteen. Lj'^dia married for her first husband Wesley
Creamer, and after his decease, she married Mathias Sheeley for
her second husband. She is a resident of this county. William
Todd married and moved to the State of Iowa some years ago.

Solomon F., the subject of this sketch, was born near Painters-
ville, Greene County, Ohio, December 31, 1824. He married Miss

608 ttlstOEY OF i^AYETTB COUNTY.

Mary Creamer, July 19, 1846, daughter of Simeon and Elizabeth
Creamer of this county. The mother died in 1842, and the lather
in 1865. Mrs. Johnson descends from a most excellent family. Mr.
Johnson was engaged in the mercantile business in Jamestown,
Greene County, Ohio, from 1846 to 1849, when he sold outhismerr
cantile business and moved to tliis county, where he has contin-
uously resided until the present time.

Mr. Johnson spent several years, after his removal to this county,
in farming, and selling goods and groceries in JeiFersonville and
West Lancaster.

In 1857, he moved to Washington, and was engaged in the grain
and grocery business until April, 1858, when he became deputy
sheriff of the county, which otSce consumed his time up to August,
I860,* when on the third day of that month, he was appointed
station agent for the the town of Washington, by the Cincinnati,
Wilmington and Zanesville. Railroad Company, now known as
the Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley Eailroad. In a very short
time after his appointment as railroad agent, he was appointed
agent of the Adams Express Company, which position he held for
some fourteen years. Mr. Johnson held the position of railroad
agent, at Washington, for seventeen years ; resigning August 3,
1877.

In 1862, he commenced the selling of coal in Washington, and
has continued in the business up to the present time. For many
years he was the only dealer in coal in the town, and few men here
handled so large an amount of coal as has Mr. Johnson. The year
previous to Mr Johnson's commencing the coal business, only forty
five car loads of coal were required to supply the trade of the town.
Mr. Johnson has seen such an increase in the coal demand, that more
than one thousand car loads have been disposed of in a single
year. Mr. Johnson has always been considered a safe, honest and
reliable business man ; giving strict attention to business, and as a
result, has accumulated quite an amount of valuable property. He
owns a fine farm of one hundred and fifty acres adjoining the town,
west, on the C. & M. V. Railroad. Also, a very fine new brick
residence, where he resides, on North Street, between Court and
East streets ; also, quite a number of valuable pieces of property
in the town ; as well as some fifty-nine hundred dollars of bank stock,
in the Peoples and Drovers Bank of the town.

Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are the parents of nine children, five of

tJNlON TOWNSHIP. 609

whom are deceased: Theresa and Willie died in infancy, Clara Bell
at the age of twelve, Laura at the age of fifteen, and !N"ellie at the
age of twelve.

Theodore Frank is a young man of much promise. He remains
single and takes good care not to leave his mother's bed and board.
He has been connected with the Peoples and Drovers Bank of
Washington for a number of years, and is regarded as a safe, up-
right business young man. He received his education in the
schools of the town.

Lucy May and Emma Gary, arc young ladies, both single and at
home with their parents; both being graduates of the high school
of the town, and much respected by all.

' Charley Card is a lad of eighteen, attending school, and during
vacation assisting his father in the coal business.

In politics Mr. Johnson is a Republican. In religion, a Quaker.
He is a Freemason, being a member of Lodge No. 107, of this
town.

Mrs. Johnson is a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church.

FELIX H. KNOTT.

Felix H. Knott, physician and surgeon, Washington, was born
in Fayette County, February 21, 1851. He is a son of Ananias and
Mary Knott, natives of Pennsylvania, who came to Ohio about the
year 1845, with a family of five children, two sons and three daugh-
ters.

Felix, our subject, was married in 1871, to Miss Samantha De-
Witt, daughter of Anderson and Elizabeth DeWitt, of this county.
They have a family of two children, Lulu and Wallace.

Mr. Knott received his education in Cincinnati, at the Eclectic
Medical College, where he graduated in 1871. He commenced
practicing in 1869, and practiced at Monticello, Illinois, for some
three years and a half. After this he settled in Washington,
where he has since resided. He commenced reading medicine at
the age of twelve, with his father, who was also a physician, at
Monticello, Illinois. He had accumulated quite a nice property,
and had money upon which to live comfortably, but upon account
of his wife's health was compelled to leave there at considerable of
a sacrifice. At one time he lost $7,000, going security. By faith-
fulness to business he has gained a practice and reputation second
to none.

610 HISTOKY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

SHEP. LOGAN.

Shep. Logan, deputy clerk, Washington, was born in Washing-
ton, October 21, 1853. He is a son of Wilson B. and Mary V.
Logan, both natives of this state. They had a family of four
children, three sons and one daughter : James W., Sina V., Clay-
ton C, and Shep.

Shep., our subject, has been deputy county clerk some four years,
and now tills that position. He received his education in Wash-
ington, where the principal portion of his life has been spent. His
father was captain of Company D, 175th O. Y. I., and was, killed
at the battle of Franklin, Tennessee, on the 30th of November,'
1864, after passing through all the hard-fought and bloody battles
up to that time.

MARTHA E. LONG.

Mrs. Martha E. Long, daughter of George and Mary Bohrer
(whose biographies appear in the history of Marion Township),
was born May 1, 1821. Her father, wiien she was three years of
age, removed to Washington, where the family resided until 1828.
They then removed to New Holland, Pickaway County, where
Mr. Bohrer died.

August 5, 1846, she was married to Alexander Long, of Chilli-
cothe, (born January 26, 1818,) and soon after began house-keep-
ing at j^ew Holland, where her husband followed his trade of
harness-making for twenty years. They afterward kept hotel at
that place for several years. They were blessed with four children:
Alice, born January 18, 1848; George A., born July 25, 1850; Sal-
lie L., born December 8, 1854; and Lucy J., born October 11, 1860.
Alice died April 24, 1849, at the age of fifteen months. Sallie L.
died January 1, 1878.

In 1863 Mrs. Long had the misfortune of losing her husband,
who died of consumption August 12th of that year.

After her husband's death, Mrs. Long remained in jSTew Holland
five years, when she removed to Warsaw, Indiana, where she en-
gaged in the hotel business. She remained in that state till 1870,
and then returned to Ohio, and again opened a private boarding-
house, which she still continues on West Court Street.

ITNION TOWNSHIP. 611

Mrs. Long is widely known throughout the eounty as an ex-
emplary lady, and her generosity has become proverbial. No
weary, destitute traveler goes from her door unfed ; and, although
having a family of her own to provide for, yet thirteen homeless
children have found an asylum beneath her hospitable roof, several
of whom have grown to maturity and married.

Mrs. Long's latter days have been saddened by the death of her
son George, who departed this life February 7, 1881. He was ed-
ucated at New Holland and Bloomingburg, and afterwards followed
the trade of blacksmithing, and later that of sign painting. He
belonged to Company B, 6th regiment Ohio National Guards, and
was a member of the I. 0. O. F., by which order he was buried.

We append the resolutions of respect to his memory from both
of these orders, with an obituary notice from the Fayette County
Repuhllcav, which show the esteem in which he was held by those
who knew him best :

" DEATH OF GEORGE LONG."

" On Monday morning George Long breathed his last, after suf-
fering long with consumption. George was a good-hearted young
man, who possessed many excellent qualities, and while his health
permitted was industrious to a great degree. And could he have
lived in the enjoyment of good health, his genius would have se-
cured for him a reputation as an artist to which but few attain.
George was in the thirty-first year of his age, and until the last
three or four years his prospects for a long life were as flattering as
those of any young man in our city. George had many warm
friends, and was universally respected by our citizens. He was a
member of the Independent Order of Odd-fellows, and by which
order he was buried, in the family cemetery at New Holland,
Pickaway County, Thursday afternoon."

RESOLUTIONS OF RESPECT.

At the meeting of the committee appointed from Company B,
6th regiment O. N. G., to prepare resolutions relative to the death
of Corporal "George Long, the following were offered by Orderly
Sergeant Maynard, and adopted :

Wheeeas, Death has taken another name from our company
roster, and another comrade in early manhood from our ranks;
therefore,

Besolved, That this command has learned with deep regret the

612 • HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

death of Corporal George Loug, in the prime of manhood and
usefuhiess.

Resolved, That in Corporal Long this command loses an earnest
and devoted fellow soldier — prompt, willing, and disciplined.

Hesolved, That an escort of a non-commissioned officer and
twelve privates — as prescribed by regulations — be sent with the
remains of the deceased.

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be given to the Wash-
ington C. H, papers for publication, and a copy of the same trans-
mitted to the family of the deceased.

First Lieutenant J. L. Millikan, orderly sergeant H. B. Maynard,
privates M. Barclay, Willis M, Pine, Frank Edwards.

I. O. O. F. EESOLUTIONS ON THE DEATH OP GEOKGE A. LONG.

Whereas, It has pleased Almighty God in his providence to re-
move from earth our friend and Brother, George A. Long, at
Washington C. H., February 7, 1881, aged thirty years; therefore,
be it

Resolved, That while we humbly bow to the will of our eternal
Father, we deeply deplore the loss of our beloved brother.

Resolved, By his death societ}' has lost a good citizen, this lodge
a worthy member, and his mother and sister a kind son and
brother.

Resolved, That we tender to the mother and sister of the de-
ceased our heartfelt sympathy in their hour of deep affliction.

Resolved That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the mother
and sister of the deceased, and the same be published in the coun-
ty papers.

By order of Temple Lodge Xo. 227, I. O. O. F.

S. L. Hooker, O. H. Saxton, H. Shook, committee.

JOSHUA MAHAN.

Joshua Mahan, county commissioner, was born in Boss County,
Ohio, December 18, 1836, and a son of Joshua and Sophia Mahan.
His father is a native of Virginia, and his mother of Maryland.
They came to this state about the year 1813, with a family of three
children, one son and two daughters.

The subject of our sketch was married, September, 1858, to Miss
Margaret Plyley, daughter of Joseph and Margaret Plyley, of Ross

UNION TOWNSHIP. 613

County. They have a family of live children : John C, Spencer,
Mary B., Rosco L., Dilla May, and three who died in infancy.

He is a member of Bloomingburg Lodge, No. 449, F. A. M., and
also a Granger. He received his education in Ross County, where
his youth was spent. He was elected county commissioner last
fall two years ago, and still fills that office. He has one of the
many fine farms in Madison Township, and is one of the best and
most enterprising farmers in the county. He is a very social, pleas-
ant man, and one who is well qualified to fill the responsible posi-
tion he now holds. (See Madison Township.)

C. H. MARK.

C. H. Mark, principal of the high school, was born in this county,
November 13, 1852. He is a son of Thomas H. and Sina Mark,
natives of this state, who have a family of three children.

C. H. Mark, the subject of our sketch, was married, October 7,
1875, to Miss Mary E. Guthrie, a step-daughter of Dr. McAfee, of
Staunton, this county. They have one child, Ernest G.

Our subject is a member of the Methodist Church. He received
his education in country schools, but attended the National Normal
School at Lebanon two years, in 1872 and 1873.

When but sixteen years of age he commenced teaching school,
and is now the principal of the high schools of Washington. He
is a self-made man, and by his genial disposition has endeared him-
self to all who know him.

HENRY MARK.

Henry Mark, farmer and stock raiser, is a son of Henry and
Naoma Mark, who came from Pennsylvania, in 1815, and settled
on the west bank of Sugar Creek. They were the parents of eight
children, three sons and five daughters. Cynthia A., married and
lives in Leesburg, Highland County, this state. Anthony W., mar-
ried and lives in Edgar County, Illinois. Mary, married to Stephen
Stafi:brd and lives near Staunton. Harriet, married but is dead.
Lewis H., married and resides in the neighborhood. Hulda Jane,
married and lives with her father. Rachel, married to John Con-
ner and lives in the neighborhood.

The mother died some years since. The father, now more than

614 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

eight}'^ years of age, is living on Leesbiirg pike, near Sugar Creek,
being one of the oldest residents of the township.

Henry, our subject, was born November 29, 1834, and married
Amanda A. Eoue, daughter of Martin and Sophia Rone, (whose
biography appears in this book,) April 15, 1857. 'Soon after their
marriage, they commenced house-keeping on the farm, located on
the east side of Sugar Creek, where they have continuously resided
until the present time.

They have had ten children born unto them, three sons and
seven daughters': Alice, Joseph E., Eliza J., Ada S., Annie, died in
infancy ; Naoma J., Charles E., Miriam, died in infancy ; Frederick
M., and Mary E. The children living are all at home with their
parents except Joseph E., temporarily absent, attending school at
the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio.

Mr. Marks owns a very valuable farm of one hundred and fifty-
one acres where he lives. A short time since, he erected a resi-
dence, which he occupies, at a cost of more than four thousand
dollars. He owns a valuable farm of one hundred and twenty-six
acres, on the south side of the Wilmington pike, about one mile
west from Sugar Creek, in Concord Township. Also, another farm
of eighty-one acres on Sugar Creek.

Our subject has been remarkably successful in all his efforts of
life. He has attended to his one legitimate business, that of farm-
ing and stock raising, through high and low prices, used good
judgment and practiced economy.

This is a Christian family, members of the Methodist Church,
ascribing their success in life to the blessing of God in a very great
degree.

HORATIO B. MAYNARD.

Horatio B. Maynard, attorney at law, Washington, was born in
Holden, Massachusetts, October 12, 1826. He is a son of John P.
Maynard, born in Westborough, Massachusetts, 1792, (his father,
Benjamin, was born in 1761,) and Roxy, born in Holland, Massa-
chusetts, 1798. They had a family of five children, and still live
in their native state.

Our subject was married at Washington, in 1856, to Miss Kesiah
Blakemore, daughter of William H. and Ann W. Blakemore.
They have a family of seven children : Hulbert B., John P., Wal-

UNION TOWNSHIP. 615

ter, May, Anna, Augusta F., Horatio B., who are living, and one,
Cleora, died in infancy.

In August, 1862, Mr. Maynard enlisted in the 114th O. V. I.,
and resigned in February, 1863. He was in the battles of Chicka-
saw Bluffs, Arkansas Post, etc. He was prosecuting attorney of
Fayette County in 1868-9, and is now a member of the legal pro-
fession under the firm-name of Maynard & Hadley, He was edu-
cated in Ludlow, Vermont, and passed his youth in New Hamp-
shire. Was for two years assistant superintendent of the Black
River Academy, of .Vermont.

THOMAS m'eLWAIN.

Thomes McElwain, attorney-at-law, is the son of William and
Maria C. McElwain, ?iee Nye, who were born in Kentucky. Our
subject was born July 24, 1843, in Washington. He attended the
public schools of that place nntil the war broke out, when he vol-
unteered as a private in Company A, 1st Ohio Cavahy, served three
years, and was honorably discharged. After his return home, he
was married to Miss Lydia K. Davis, in 1867, since which he has
continued in the practice of law in the place of his nativity.

JOSEPH m'lean.

Joseph McLean, farmer, Washington, was born in Fayette Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, June 21. 1803, and came to Ohio in 1806, locating
in Ross County with the family, where they remained till February,
1810, when they came to this county and township, where he has
since lived, save three years, when he served an apprenticeship with
a cabinet-maker. He was married, March 5, 1829, to Lucinda
Shobe, who has borne him five sons and three daughters. Four of
the sons have passed to a better land.

Mr. McLean was a cabinet-maker until seventeen years after his
marriage, when he removed to his farm. He has served as fund
commissioner, infirmary director, township trustee, clerk, and treas-
urer. His official career was honest, upright, aud public-spirited.
He was reared in the Presbyterian faith, being a member of that
denomination until 1849, when he joined the Methodist Episcopal
Church, with which he has since been associated. He was a mem-
ber of the Sons of Temperance during the existence of that organ-

616 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ization. He is one of Fayette's pioneers, and has many warm
friends and a respected family. Mr. McLean has contributed
largely to this work, for which he will be held in grateful remem-
brance by the compilers and patrons.

JUDGE DANIEL m'lEAN.

Judge Daniel McLean, banker, Washington, is a son of Duncan
and Elizabeth (McGarraugh) McLean, and was born October 3,
1805. His father is a native of Scotland, his .mother of Pennsyl-
vania. They came to Ohio in 1805, accompanied by three children,
He died when Daniel was but three years of age.

On the 20th of E"ovember, 1829, our subject married Helena
Boyd, daughter of John and Macy Boyd, of Highland County.
The family consists of four children : John, Duncan, Joseph M.,
and Mary; Elizabeth, Sarah, and Mary J., deceased.

He is a member of Fayette Lodge 'No. 107, and Chapter 103, F.
& A. M., and Ely Commandery No. 28. He received his education
in a log school house. Was appointed associate judge by the gov-
ernor, and afterward by the legislature. He was regarded as an
honest and upright judge, and his decisions gave general satisfac-
tion. He was county surveyor for a period of ten .years, and has
filled other offices of public trust. He is now president of the Peo-
ples and Drovers Bank (formerly First National Bank), and can
generally be found in the bank during banking hours. The judge
is a self-made man, closely identified with the progress made by the
community, and beloved and esteemed by all who know him.

To the generous contributions of Judge McLean, his uniform
courtesy, and vast fund of information, which under all circum-
stances he was ever ready to give, we are indebted for the greater
part of the pioneer history of this county.

HON. JOHN L. MYERS.

Hon. John L. Myers, farmer. Homer, Champaign County, Illinois,
was born in Botetourt County, Virginia, on the 7th of August,
1803, being a son of Samuel and Ehzabeth S. Myers. His father
was a native of Pennsylvania, and was born June 11, 1776, just
twenty-two days prior to the Declaration of Independance. His
mother was born in Shepherdstown, Virginia, in the Shenandoah

UNION TOWNSHIP. 617

Valley. In 1807 they immigrated to Ohio, accompanied by five
children, four sons and one daughter, (three more were added after
their arrival in the Buckeye State,) and settled in this county in
the same year — three prior to the organization of the same.

Our subject was united in marriage with Catharine Vance,
daughter of General "William and Mary (Scott) Vance, of this
county, November 11, 1828. The union was blessed with nine
children, of Avhom seven survive: Lucy C, Mary A., John J.,
Martha J., Matthew T. S., Catharine M., Adaline V. Those de-
ceased are : James V., and Elizabeth S.

Mr. Myers has engaged extensively in importing and raising
superior cattle for the Scioto Importing Company, of Chillicothe.
Through his indefatigable efforts the country has been stocked
with a very fine grade of cattle, many of which have taken premi-
ums at the various fairs.

In 1874-5, during the administration of Governor Alten, he
served his county in the legislature, to the satisfaction of his con-
stituents. He is now living in Homer, Champaign County, Illinois.
His first wife died in 1867, and he again married, Mrs. Custer, nee
Miss Ocheltree, who still survives. In politics he is a Republican,
but was originally a Whig. He was an intimate friend of General
Batteal Harrison, and in 1828 took a trip with him to Missouri.
Here they purchased three hundred head of cattle, which they
drove to Ohio, thence to Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Mr. Myers is an amiable gentleman, and though nearly four
score years of age, retains much of his youthful vigor. The com-
pilers of this work acknowledge the many courtesies extended
them by him while on a recent visit to his old home.

JOHN MILLIKAN.

John Millikan, grocer, Washington, was born in this county, De-
cember 15, 1828. He' is a son of Jesse and Lydia Millikan. His
father is a native of Korth Carolina, and his mother of Virginia.
They immigrated to Ohio in the year 1796, with a family of ten
children.

John, the subject of our remarks, was married, in 1851, to Miss
Ann F. Dawson, daughter of Abraham and Eva Dawson, of Vir-
ginia, who came to Ohio in 1831. They have a ftimily of four chil-
dren : Anna M., Jessie B., Lillie K., and Louis Frank, all living.

618 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

He is a member of Fayette Lodge No. 107, F. & A. M., and also
of Temple Lodge No. 227, I. O. O. F. In the latter lodge he has
filled all the chairs, and served as junior warden in the former.
He is also a member of Fayette Chapter No. 103, and of Ely Com-
mandery No. 28. He tilled the office of coroner from 1870 to 1872,
and was elected sheriff of the county for four years, and a rail-
roader two years, after which he entered into the grocery business,
which he still follows. In 1849, he crossed the plains to California,
where he spent two years in mining, which was very remunerative.
He has been considerable of a wanderer, having been through
nearly all the states in the Union, and some of the territories, be-
fore he was of age. His father was one of the first settlers of Fay-
ette County, the first county surveyor, and the first postmaster, in
the county; also, the first county clerk. He died in August, 1835.
Our subject received his education in Fayette County, where his
life has been spent, with the exception of the time he was traveling,
and in California,

WILLIAM W. MILLIKAN.

William W. MiUikan, editor Fayette County Herald, Washing-
ton, was born in South Bend, Indiana, on the 24th of July, 1845.
He is a son of William and Emma MiUikan. His father is a na-
tive of Ohio, and his mother of New York. They have a family
of eight children, five of whom are living.

William W., the subject of this sketch, was married in Decem-
ber, 1874, to Miss Anna Smith, daughter of L. W. and Lydia
Smith, of Indiana. They are blessed with one child, Susie May.
Mr. MiUikan' received his education in Fayette County, His youth
was spent principaUy in Laporte, Indiana. He has been in Wash-
ington some twenty-two years, engaged in the printing business,
and has been doing business with his father some twelve years.
His father is the present representative of Fayette County, a posi-
tion he fiUed four years ago, and has been editor over fifty years.

R. C. MILLER.

R. C. MUler, attorn ey-at-law, Washington, was born in this
county, January 23, 1853. He is a son of Robert and Maria Miller,
natives of Ohio, and his grandparents were natives of Virginia.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 619

His parents had but cue child, our subject, who was married March
29, 1881, to Miss Eva J. Parrett, daughter of Benjamin and Nancy
Parrett, of this county. He received his education in Washington,
and studied law under Gregg & Creamer of that place. He was
admitted to the bar December 7, 1880, and commenced practice in
April, 1881. In politics he is a Republican. When only eighteen
years of age he engaged in the livery business, which he followed
for some three years, when he sold out and went West, where he
remained about three years, returned, and commenced the study of
law, and has remained here until the present time.

JOHN H. PARRETT.

John H. Parrett, farmer, and member of the State Board of
Equalization, was born m Ross County, October 11, 1821, and is a
son of Joseph F. and Sarah Barrett, natives of Virginia, who came
to Ohio in September, 1814, with a family of ten children.

John H., our subject, was married on the 25th day of December,
1850, to Miss*Sarah A. Harper, daughter of Caleb and Mary Har-
per, of Ross County. They have a family of four children: Caleb
H., Joseph, MoUie, and Sallie. Mr. Parrett is a member of the
Presbyterian Church. He was county commissioner and justice of
the peace of Wayne Township for some three years. He has a
farm of two hundred and fifty acres seven miles south of Wash-
ington, adjoining the village of Good Hope, where he makes his
home. He is one of the most enterprising farmers of the county,
and a man of intluence wherever he is known.

J. H. PATTON.

J. H. Patton, attorney- at-law, Washington, was born in Fayette
County, September 6, 1849, and is a son of James and Ellen Patton,
natives of Ohio, who have a family of four children, two sons and
two daughters.

The subject of our remarks was married, December 3, 1870, to
Miss S. E. Durnell, daughter of William Durnell. They are blessed
with three children: Glenn, Daisy, and Nellie. He received his
education at Lebanon, at the South Salem Academy, and com-
menced the study of law with the Hon. M. J. Williams, of Wash-
ington, and when twenty years of age commenced practice, which

620 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

was in 1869. His youth was principally spent in Fayette County.

ISAAC PAVEY.

Isaac Pavey, farmer, Memphis. The nativity of the original
Pavey family is unknown. Among the earliest settlers on Lee's
Creek, in Highland County, was Isaac Pavey, the grandfather of
this subject. He v/as from Kentucky, and was a preacher of the
Methodist Church and a farmer. He was born in Maryland. His
children were Charles, Elizabeth, William, Nancy Peggy, Sally,
John and Thomas. Charles married Lucinda Bocock, Elizabeth
married John Barger, Nanc}^ married Warner Mann, Peggy mar-
ried Thomas Andrew, Sally married Isaac McKay, John married
Betsey West, and Thomas married Sall}^ Johnson.

William, the second son of the family, and father of our subject,
married Anna Johnson, daughter of William and Jane (Dowden)
Johnson, of Fayette County. He died in 1862, his wife in 1851.
They were parents of Jane, Isaac, William, Mary, George, John,
Henry, Sophia, Elizabeth, James and Eliza. By a second marriage,
to Mrs. Jerdina Kirby, (Johnson,) he was the father of three sons
and one daughter : Charles, Thomas A., Keturah and Gilbert A,

Isaac, our subject, was born in Green Township, near the Clin-
ton County line, March 15, 1831. He was brought up to hard
work. His education was of the ordinary kind. On the 18th day
of August, 1852, he was married to Margaret E., daughter of Jacob
and Susan (Heller) Ileidwohl ; they were of Dutch descent, and
natives of Virginia. They came to this state about the year 1837.
Mrs. Pavey was born in Jeiferson County, Virginia, April 25, 1 834.
She is the only surviving member of the family. To the marriage
of Mr. and Mrs. Pavey, the following named children have been
born : Alice Jane, born May 13, 1855, married Robert Todhunter,
October, 1879. Elmira A., born May 3, 1858, married Cornelius
McCoy, TsTovember 12, 1880. Junius, born March 4, 1861 ; Darius,
born February 14, 1862 ; William II., born April 6, 1863, died
August 1, 1864 : Charles Edward, born January 16, 1868, died Sep-
tember 29, 1875 ; Elva, born December 26, 1869, died October 6,
1875 ; John F., born April 11, 1872, died July 31, 1872.

Mr. Pavey lived a short time in Hardin County, this state, and
located where he now lives, in the year 1867. He owns and culti-
vates nearly four hundred acres of choice land near Lee's Creek,

UNION TOWNSHIP, 621

and twelve miles from Wasliingtoii. Mrs. Pave}' has been con-
nected with the Methodist Church since 1850.

Our subject is an ardent Republican, and an energetic farmer.
His brothers, James and Henry, served in the Union army during
the late war. The last named was for a time a prisoner of war.

T. K. PERDUE.

T. K. Perdue, county surveyor, Washington, was born in this
county, July 30, 1838, and is a son of Gershorn and Abigail Perdue.
He is a native of Virginia, she of New Jersey. The father came
to this state in 1813, and the mother some time later ; the marriage
resulted in seven children.

T. K., the youngest, was married April 30, 1868, to Jane M.
Smith, daughter of Isaac and Mary Smith, of this county, which
marriage resulted in six children : Whittier, Mira, Edith, Alice,
Norton and Homer ; all living.

He served as infirmary director for six years, and has been in the
nursery business since attaining his majoritj^, which was also the
means of supporting his father — the nursery was started in 1815.

In the fall of 1880, he was elected county surveyor, and is noAV
serving in that capacity. Himself and wife are members of the
Society of Friends. The business of the nursery is conducted
under the firm name of M. P. & T. Iv. Perdue.

HENRY ROBINSON.

Henry Robinson, clothier, Washington, was born in Washington,
in tlie year 1819, in the public square and in the jail house ; his
father being the sheriff of the county at the time. He is a son of
Robert and Sarah Robinson. His father was a native of Pennsyl-
vania, and held the office of sheritt" four years, and Avas also repre-
sentative of the county, and one of its oldest pioneers. He had a
family of twelve children.

Henr}', the subject of our remarks, was married in the year 1847,
to Miss Maria L. Dawson, daughter of Abraham and Anna Daw-
son, of A'irginia. She was living at Mr. Robert Robinson's house
at the time. She died in 1852, leaving a loving husband and two
children to mourn her loss — Mary, one of the children, having
since died, and Emma L. who still survives.

622 fiisToRY OS" Fayette county.

He was again niarriecl, in 1872, to Miss Phoeba A. Albaugh,
daughter of Jacob and Sarah Albaugh, of this state. He tilled the
office of county auditor from 1850 to 1859. He has been a mem-
ber of the Odd-fellows for a number of years, and was one of the
charter members of the encampment.

Our subject is now extensively engaged in the clothing business
at Washington.

M. S. SAGER.

M. S. Sager, wholesale and retail tinware, Washington, was born
in Mount Vernon, Ohio, December 25, 1831, and is a son of Charles
and Jane (Smith) Sager. His father was a Dane and his mother a
Yiro-inian. His father came to this county when he was but six-
teen years of age, and his mother many years ago. They had a
family of seven children.

Mr. Sager, the subject of our sketch, was married, in 1859, to
Miss Ellen McMaster, daughter of John O. and Mary McMaster,
of this county. They have two children living: Henry P. and
Adolphus W., and Emma, who died some seventeen years ago.

Our subject is a self-made man, never having the advantages of
an education ; but from his untiring energy, he has become master
of his business, and at one time had amassed a fortune ; but by his
good nature was induced to go on paper until it swept nearly all
he had. He has now some tifteen thousand dollars worth of ma-
chinery lying idle for the want of means, and which if put in
motion would soon regain his lost fortune. He is a man of too
much energy to lie still, and with half a chance he will come out
all right.

DR. S. S. SALISBURY.

Dr. S. S. Salisbury, physician, Washington, was born in George-
town, Brown County, this state, January 29, 1848, and is a son of
John and Mary Salisbury. His father is a native of Pennsylvania,
and his mother of Virginia. They had a family of nine children,
and came to this state about the year 1810.

Mr. Sahsbury was married, in 1875, in Hillsboro, this state, to
Miss Anna B. Brown, daughter of S. R. and Sarah Brown, of
Hillsboro.

UNION TOWNSHIP. 623

He is a member of Fayette Lodge No. 107, F. & A. M., and is
Master of the same. Also a member of Fayette Chapter No. 103,
and of Ely Commandry No. 28. Also of Temple Lodge No. 227,
I. O. O. F. He and his wife are both members of the Presbyterian
Church. He received his education at Lebanon, this state, and at
Peru, Illinois. He studied medicine with Dr. W. H. McGrauaghan
of Maysville, Kentucky. Attended medical lectures, in Philadelphia,
at Hahnemann Medical College, and there graduated, March 10,
1873. He commenced practice at Washington, May 10, 1873, and
has continued to the present time. •■

WILLIAM SCOTT.

William Scott, agent for Adams Express Company, Washington,
was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, August 29, 1858. He is a
son of AVilliam and Mary Ann Scott, natives of Ireland, who emi-
grated from there about the year 1840, with a family of five chil-
dren, three sons and two daughters.

William, our subject, was married October 8, 1878, to Miss Laura
Crawford, daughter of Charles and Susan Crawford, of Zanesville,
Ohio. They have one child, Mary Ella.

Mr. Scott is a member of Temple Lodge No. 227, I. O. O. F.,
and also a member of the First Presbyterian Church, of Zanes-
ville. Since 1877 he has been agent of the Adams Express Com-
pany, at Washington. He received his education in Zanesville,
where the principal portion of his life was passed.

OSWELL SMITH.

Oswell Smith, merchant tailor, Washington, was born in that
city in 1850, and is a son of James J. and Hannah Smith. His
father is a native of Virginia, and came to Fayette County in 1832,
and immediately afterward married the mother of our subject, who
was a native of this county. The result of this union was six
children, five sons and one daughter.

Oswell was married to Laura E., daughter of Rev. Richard and
Hannah Pitzer, of Washington. They are blessed with one son,
Jesse, seven years of age, and one daughter, Chloe, eighteen
months old.

Mr. Smith was sheriff' of the county from January 1, 1877, to

624 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COtTNTY.

January 1, 1881, inclusive. He is at present a member of the city
council. Is also a member of the Odd-fellows, Knights of Pythias,
and Royal Arcanum. His education was received in "Washington,
where his life, with the exception of three years, has been passed.
He is now engaged in the merchant tailoring business, with Mr.
Howat, under the firm-name of Smith & Howat. They occupy the
" white hall " on Court Street, Washington, and are meeting with
the success they merit.

S. M. Steen, music dealer, Washington, was born in Adams
County, Ohio, December 14, 1849. He is a son of Alexander B.
and Nancy J. Steen — the former a native of Kentucky, and the
latter of Ohio — who had a family of eight children, all living but
two.

S. M., our subject, was married. May 6, 1873, to Miss Ettie Fos-
ter, (born February 7, 1850,) daughter of Archibald and Harriet
Foster, of Worthington. By her he has had two children : Dwight,
born July 22, 1875, and Carl, born June 16, 1879.

He is a member of Temple Lodge No. 227, I. O. O. F., Fayette
Lodge No. 107, and Chapter ¥o. 103, F. &. A. M., and Ely Com-
mandery No. 28.

He is now acting as a general agent for the house of Baldwin &
Co., of Cincinnati, for the sale of pianos, organs, and musical in-
struments generally. Having had some ten years experience with
this house, he has become master of his profession, and well knows
how to suit his customers. His place of business is on Court
Street, opposite the Arlington House, where he is doing an exten-
sive business, amounting to |45,000 per year. He handles nothing
but' first-class goods, among which are Stein way & Sons, Decker
Bro's, Haines Bro's, J. & C. Fischer's, and other standard pianos,
and Estey and Shoninger organs, with a full line of smaller musi-
cal instruments, and a complete line of musical merchandise.

ROBERT S. SUTHERLAND.

Robert S. Sutherland, county commissioner, Washington, was
born in Ross County, Ohio, July 14, 1825. He is a son of Robert
and Hannah Sutherland, natives of Pennsylvania, who immigrated

UNION TOWNSHIP. 625

to Oliio about the year 1814, with a family of seven children, two
sous and five daughters.

Robert S., our subject, was married in the year 1850, to Miss
Hannah Parrett, daugliter of Frederick Parrett, of Ross Connty.
They had one child, Frederick R., who died in 1851.

Mr. Sutherland was elected county commissioner in 1873, and
has filled the ofiice since that time. He received his education in
this county, where he has passed the principal portion of his life.

He now resides on a farm of one hundred and eight acres, situ-
ated three miles north of Washington, in Union Township.

AMOS THOKNTON.

Amos Thornton, coal dealer, Washington, was born in Union
Township, this county, iSTovember 27, 1833. He is a son of Thomas
and Mahala Thornton. His father was a native of Ohio, and his
mother of Virginia. They had a family of eight sons, all of whom
are living, except one.

Amos, our subject, was married January 5, 1857, to Miss Arty
Allen, daughter of James and Elizabeth Allen, of this county.
They are blessed with two sons, James A. and Charles L,

In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, 1st Ohio Cavalry,
and was in the battles of Gettysburg, second Bull Run, cavalry
fight at Brandy Station, and many others. He was discharged
May 4, 1865.

He is a member of Fa.yette Lodge l^o. 107, F. & A. M. Re-
ceived his education in this county where the principal part of his
youth has been passed. He went to California in 1852, and re-
turned in 1856 with a good share of the yellow dust. He is now
engaged in the sale of black diamonds, in Washington, or, in other
words, is extensively engaged in the coal business.

THOMAS BRADLEY THORNTON.

Thomas Bradley Thornton, farmer and stock-raiser. _ His parents,
Thomas and Leva Thornton, were natives of ]N"orfolk, Virginia.
They came to Ohio in 1809, and settled in the town of Frankling-
ton (now included in the city of Columbus), where, two years after,
the father died. Mrs. Thornton remained a widow some three
years, when she married, for her second husband, James Coil, with

626 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

whom slie lived some seven years, when she died. There were two
children by the first marriage. James Thornton, at the age of
twenty, left home, and his whereabouts since that time are un-
known. Thomas B. was born after the death of his father. There
were three children by the second marriage, two sons and one
daughter. William H. married, and died Qarly. Elizabeth mar-
ried, moved to Mercer County, and is now a widow. Perry mar-
ried and moved to Missouri many years ago.

Thomas B., our subject, was born December 11, 1812. Being
left Avithout father, mother, or kinfolks, to care for him, he was
compelled to care for himself as best he could. He found a good
home in the family of Peter Fultz, with whom he remained until
twenty-one years of age, learning the cabinet business. In 1834
he married Mahala Harper, daughter of Jacob C. Harper. Soon
after their marriage they commenced housekeeping in the woods,
on the same spot of ground where they now reside. They are the
parents of eight sons. Amos, the oldest, married, and has a family
living in Washington. James is married, and lives at Baxter
Springs, Kansas. Anderson is married, and lives on his own farm
near Washington. William II. is married, and lives near Solon,
Madison County. Austin married, and died at the age of twenty-
four. His widow is the daughter of Adam Glaze, and she remains
single. Elan is married, and lives in the neighborhood. Thomas
married, owns, and lives on the old George Miller farm, near Wash-
ington. Noah owns and lives on a farm near Jefferson ville, in this
county.

But few parents have been permitted to see so large a family of
sons all grown up to manhood, married, and so well to do in life,
as have Mr. and Mrs.. Thornton. Seven out of the eight sons are
now living, each in good circumstances, an honor to their parents,
with bright prospects before them.

Mr. Thornton commenced life very poor, without money or kin-
dred influences. He determined, early in life, to pursue a straight-
forward, honest, truthful, industrious course, which he has carried
out thus far, and it has proved to be a great success. He is one of
the solid, wealthy men of Fayette County. He has dealt largely in
real estate in his own county and elsewhere, which in the main has
been a financial success. He was one of the originators of the
Peoples and Drovers Bank of Washington, and has been one of its
directors and principal stockholders to the present time. He has

tTNtON TOAVNSHIP. 627

served his county as one of its commissioners and infirmary direct-
ors for a number of years, and though nearly seventy years of age,
is one of the most active, energetic, enterprising business men of
the county.

Mr. Thornton lives on a five-hundred-acre farm, some four and a
half miles west from Washington, situated between the Jefterson-
ville and Jamestown pikes. He and his amiable wife commenced
their married life on this farm more than forty-seven years ago,
when all was a wilderness. They had the milk sickness, serpents,
and all the difficulties incident to this new country, to contend with ;
but these forty-seven years of earnest, honest toil, have brought
grand results to this noble couple.

JOHN N. VAN DEMAN.

John N. Van Deman, lawyer (firm of Van Denian & Russell),
Washington; son of John L. and R. P. (Wilson) Van Deman; born
January 5, 1845, at Washington; lived there, and attended village
school, until February, 1858; then removed with his father to
Frankfort, Ross County. They lived there two years, and then re-
turned to Washington, where they have since resided. At the age
of twelve he began to assist his father (who was a merchant) in the
store, and very early acquired a taste for the mercantile business.
At the age of seventeen he attended and graduated at Duft''s Com-
mercial College, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and the following
year went to Miami University, where he remained until twenty,
then left college, in the middle of his senior year, to accept the offer
from his father of a one-third interest in his dry-goods business ;
and he then began business for himself, March 1, 1865, becoming
at once the buyer for the new firm. The business was rapidly ex-
tended, and a wholesale trade established, until their annual sales
(which had been about |25,000) were increased to $85,000.

In 1872, he began to read law in his leisure hours, not then with
the intention to practice, but for information. He had also re-
ceived a course of lectures on commercial law while at Duff''s Col-
lege. As he advanced in the study it became more and more at-
tractive, until, in 1876, he decided to, and did, quit the dry-goods
business to enter the })rofession, and was admitted by the supreme
court of the state to practice law, in about three months after leav-
ing his mercantile pursuits. He immediately opened an office in

628 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Wa^jhiiigtou, and at once acquired a good business; and has since
that time been actively and successfully engaged in the practice.
In 1873-4, he was a member of the city council. Is a Republi-
can in politics, a member of the Presbyterian Church, and has been
for years a worker in the Sunday-school, and in the temperance
cause. Is also an active member of the order of Odd-fellows, in
which he is prominently and favorably known throughout the state.
He was married. May 14, 1867, to Lizzie ISTash, daughter of Wil-
liam and M. G. Nash, of Clermont County, who was born Septem-
ber 12, 1847, and who died March 15, 1881. She was the mother
of six children, who survive her.

SAMUEL N. YEOMAN.

Samuel X. Yeoman, merchant and railroad builder, Washington.
The name was originally Youmans, being of English extraction.
Two brothers, thus spelling their names, came from England to
i^ew York in aii early day, tbe one going to New Jersey, the other
to the South ; the celebrated Professor Youmans, of New York, be-
ing a descendant of the southern brother, our subject being a de-
scendant of the brother who went to New Jersey. The grandfather
came to Ohio, and settled on the waters of Paint Creek, in Wayne
Township, Fayette County, about 1811, where he erected, probably,
the first grist-mill ever built in the county. This mill was erected
where the Rock Mills now stand. Here the pioneer remained un-
til his death.

Samuel T. Yeoman, his son, was serving in the war of 1812 when
his father came to Ohio, but immediately after its close he also
came to Knox County, Ohio, where he married Miss Nye, daughter
of Ichabod Nye, the first sherifi:' of Knox County. In 1815, they
removed to Payette County, and settled on a farm near the town of
Good Hope, in Wayne Township, and remained on this farm until
1829, when he removed to Springfield, and- remained one year;
thence, to Lebanon, and remained there one year. He then re-
turned to Fayette County, and settled in Washington. In 1833, he
was elected as a member of the General Assembly of Ohio. In
1836, or 1837, he engaged in the mercantile business, associated
with Joseph and Amasa Olds as partners. In 1851, he retired from
active business, and died in 1856. He served, with credit to him-
self as associate judge, postmaster, and justice of the peace, in his

UNION TOWNSHIP. 629

county, and was one of the active leading politicians of his day.
Mrs. Yeoman died in Washington, in 1872, in the seventy-fourth
year of her age. They were the parents of twelve children, six
sons and six daughters. Stephen D. died while a young man, un-
married. Bethiah L. married, but she and her husband are dead.
Gilbert L. M. died when a young man, unmarried. James L. died
in infancy. Eusebia N. died at the age of thirteen. Jane M. was
married to Theodore Ogle, who is now dead. She lives in Wash-
ington. Josephine M. married Van M. Ogle, and lives on a farm
in Green County, Indiana. Sarah died in infancy. Ascenith also
died in infancy. Joseph Amasa Olds is married and practicing law
in Fort Dodge, Iowa.

Samuel N., our subject was born in Wayne Township, Fayette
'County, Ohio, in 1828. In the spring of 1849, he organized a com-
pany of ten persons, all boys but one, and went to California in
search of gold. This was probably the first company that went
from this part of the state to California. The eiitire company
reached there, and all but one of the number returned. This en-
terprise proved to be a financial success to Mr. Yeoman, and after
remaining there two years and some months, they returned to Fay-
ette County. Soon after his return, he purchased his father's stock
of goods, and commenced the mercantile business, continuing the
same until the fall of 1853, when he sold out, and engaged in the
real estate business until 1858.

In 1857, he organized a company, and built the first respectable
hotel in the town, now known as the "Arlington Hotel." The
same year Mr. Yeoman again entered the mercantile business, asso-
ciating with him F. A. Nitterhouse and D. Ogle. They purchased
the stock of goods owned by Zebedee Harper. He also established,
the same year, a branch store in connection with Theodore and V.
M. Ogle, in New Lexington, Perry County, and in that year retired
from this establishment.

In the spring of 1861, Mr. Yeoman was appointed by the gov-
ernor of Ohio chairman of the military committee of the county,
and was soon afterward ordered to West Virginia, to look after the
interest of the soldiers of his county. En June, 1862, while hold-
ing this position, he applied to the governor for an appointment as
major, for recruiting for the 90th O. V. I., and entered on the re-
cruiting business June 21, 1862. In thirty days he recruited two
full companies (C and K), and assisted to recruit two more com-
panies, which were assigned to the 114th Regiment.

630 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

August 1, 1862, he resigned his chairmanship, and reported, with
his companies, at Camp Circleville, and in less than three days
thereafter was ordered to Kentucky without arms or equipments,
and reached Lexington by rail in great haste. Received arms next
morning, and was ordered at once to assist in covering the retreat
at Richmond, Kentucky. He participated in the battles of Perry-
ville, Stone River, Seige of Chattanooga. Was commissioned
lieutenant-colonel after the battle of Stone River, and colonel of
the 90th after the seige of Chattanooga, Colonel Rippey having re-
signed.

The colonel remained with the regiment, participating in the
battles of Jouesborough, Atlanta, Champaign, etc., and was mus-
tered out of service, after having served three years, June 21, 1865.
He had in all some thirteen hundred men under his command, but
only had about three hundred and twenty-seven when mustered
out. Mr. Yeoman was a brave, patriotic man, working faithfully
and honestly to put down the rebelUou and save the Union. He
left his mercantile interests to the care of his partners, devoting
his entire time and energies to his country's welfare. But few
officers have been more devoted to the country's welfare than has
Colonel Yeoman.

In 1866, Mr. Yeoman projected and started the Columbus and
Washington turnpike ; it being the first enterprise of the kind in
the county under the " Free turnpike Act," which enterprise in-
augurated a system of free turnpikes all over the county, which
has resulted in a spirit of general improvement, that now makes
the county one of the leading counties of the state. Mr. Yeoman
was elected state senator from his district, composed of Greene,
Clinton and Fayette counties, in 1867, serving two years, with
marked ability. He was lected by the same district, to the senate of
this state, in 1873, and again served the full term.

In 1869, he organized the Columbus and Maysville Railroad,
(known as the bine grass road), became its president, surveyed and
located the same; but because of Hillsboro being interested in
another railroad enterprise, and not sympathising with this move-
ment, it failed.

In 1875, the colonel took up the old Dayton, Xenia and Belpre
Railroad, and organized the Dayton and Southeastern ]*^arrow
Gauge Road. He became its president, overseeing and giving it
bis entire attention ; and although the enterprise met with many

UNION TOWNSHIP. 631

reverses, he succeeded in its completion from Dayton to its intersec-
tion with the Marietta road at Mnsselman's. He also assisted in
the building of the branch road from Allentown to Waynesville.

In 1877 and 1878, he built a part of the Danville, Olnej and
Ohio Railroad in Illinois.

He also built the Indianapolis, Delphos & Chicago Railroad, and
at this time is superintendent of the Indiana, Chicago & IS'orthern
Railroad.

In 1873 Col. Yeoman, in connection of Mr. F. A. Mtterhouse,
commenced the building of a magnificent store-room, opera-house,
etc., in Washington. He completed the store-room in 1874, but
on account of the panic, and the stringency ot the money market,
the opera-houseremains untinished.

Col. Yeoman was the originator of the Washington Cemetery,
and was its first president. He organized and planned its lay-out.

Probably no one man has done more for the improvement of the
town of Washington, and the County of Fayette, than Col. Yeo-
man.

In June 1853, Mr. Yeoman married Miss Susan M. Conily, of
New Lexington, Perry County, Ohio. She is a most excellent
women. They are without children. In politics the colonel is a
staunch Republican. Mrs. Yeoman is a member of the Baptist
Church.

GENERAL STEPHEN B. YEOMAN.

General Stephen B. Yeoman, attorney at law, Washington,
was born in Washington, this county, on the 1st day of December,
1836, and is a son of Alvah and Elizabeth Yeoman. His father
was a native of I^ew York, and his mother of Virginia. His father
came to this state about the year 1806, and his mother about 1815.
They had a family of eight children, four of whom are living.

Stephen, the subject of our sketch, at the age of fifteen, shipped
as a sailor; visited New Zealand and different points in South
America, Asia, and Africa. After enjoying many adventures, and
undergoing many hardships, finally returned to the United States.
His great grandfather served with credit as a captain in the revo-
lution, and his grandfather as a first lieutenant in the w-ar of 1812.

When the late war broke out Stephen B. immediatel}' volunteer-
ed. Was under General Rosencrans, with whom he continu-

632 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ed as a private in the 22d O. V. I., Company F, and was afterwards
in West Virginia, until his regiment was discharged by reason of
expiration qf term of service. At home he immediately com-
menced recruiting, and returned to the field again, September
15, 1861, as captain of Company A, 54th O. V. I. He was then
ordered, by General Sherman, to take ten picked men and pene-
trate the rebel lines, in order to ascertain their forces. While
gallantly in discharge of duty, he received the following wounds:
Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, slight wounds in breast ; battle of Rus-
sell House, June, 1862, in left leg, also, in arm and abdomen ; Jan-
uary 10th and 11th, 1863, wounded in right arm, entirely severing
the arm below the elbow, which was amputated. For his distin-
guished services he was promoted to major of his regiment, and on
account of his serious loss, and not being able to return to his regi-
ment, he resigned. He was appointed captain in the A^eteran Reserve
Corps, commanding Company C, 2d Battalion, on duty at Cincin-
nati.

In May, 1864, he received from the President of the United
States, the appointment ot colonel of this regiment, and was de-
tailed by War Department to Camp Caley, Virginia, as superin-
tendant of recruiting service and chief mustering officer, of the
northeast district of Virginia. November 29, 1864, he rejoined his
regiment, and led this command in all the actions after that date.
He has also been commanding oflicer of 3d Brigade, 1st Division,
25th Corps, and was promoted by the President of the United
States, to Brevet Brigadier General of Volunteers, for his gallant
services during the war; to rank as such from the 15th day of
March, 1865.

He was married, in 1863, to Miss Cordelia A. Wood, daughter
of Daniel and Tabitha Wood, of this county. They have five
children living : Minnette, Ida C, Burton, Nellie and Grace, and
one dead, Willard.

In 1866 he was elected probate judge of the county, which oflice he
filled three years, and is now practicing law in Washington. He
is a man beloved by all who knoAV him, and is competent and
well worthy of filling any office in the gift of the people.

ELMER W. WELSHEIMER.

Elmer W. Welsheimer, clerk of the court, Washington, was born

UNION TOWNSHIP. 633

ill Ross County, Ohio, October 4, 1843. He is a son of William
H. and Mahala Welslieiiner — the former a native of Virginia, and
the latter of Ohio. They have a family of five children, two sons
and three daughters, all living but Oscar, who departed this life in
1869.

Elmer W., the subject of this sketch, was married in 1867 to
Miss Sarah A. Zimerman, daughter of Samuel Zimerman, of this
county.

Our subject enlisted in Company G, Captain Irions, 73d O. V. I.,
Colonel 0. Smith. He remained with his regiment until he was
wounded, which occurred in Hooker's midnight charge on Raccoon
Ridge, a branch of Lookout Mountain. The wound was in the
left leg, and the foot was amputated. This was on the 28th day of
October, 1863, near Chattanooga. He was also in the battles of
Gettysburg and Chancellorsville, under Gens. Meade and Hooker.
After his wound he was removed to three different hospitals, where
he remained three months. He was then sent home, and received
his honorable discharge at Columbus.

After his return home he attended school for two years, and
then engaged in the mercantile business at Martinsburg, Ohio,
where he remained for eight years. He was then elected Clerk of
the Courts of Fayette County, and still retains that position.

He is a member of Wilstah Lodge ITo. 360, I. O. 0. F., of New
Martinsburg, and also a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. He received his education in Ohio, and has passed the
principal part of his life in this county. He has three children,
one son and two daughters : Ottis O., Olive, and Lulu, all living.

MANFRED WILLARD.

Manfred "Willard was born in the village of Washington, Fay-
ette County, Ohio, September 18, 1839, and is a son of Lockhart
D. and Mary Jane Willard. L. D. Willard, a native of Massachu-
setts, removed to this county in 1832, and was one of a family of
three children. His wife, whose maiden name was Doron, was a
native of Pennsylvania. Her parents removed with her to this
county at an early date. She was one of a family of seven chil-
dren. The marriage of L. D. Willard and Mary J. Doron was sol-
emnized on the 5th day of December, 1838. They raised a family
of se's^n children, of whom the subject of this sketch is the eldest.

634 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Our subject was educated in the common schools of Massachu-
setts, to which place his father removed about the year 1852, His
youth was principally spent on the farm in this county At the age
of sixteen he commenced land surveying, and continued in that
business until 1860, when he removed to Mercer County, Illinois,
and remained there in the business of farming until August 1, 1861,
when he enlisted in the " Rangers," an independent company, raised
and commanded by Captain Graham. This company successfully
ran the blockade established by the governor of Illinois, and suc-
ceeded in joining the army of the West, at Fort Leavenworth,
about the 5th of August. From this point Captain Graham's com-
mand was at once sent to Lexington, Missouri, where they remained
in active duty until that place was surrendered, in September of
the same year, by Colonel Mulligan, to the rebel General Price.
In the seige that preceded the surrender, Willard was slightly
wounded by a rifle ball removing the skin from the top of his head
as it passed over.

As soon as exchanged, and in the winter of 1861-2, he raised a
company (H) in the 60th O. Y. I., commanded by Colonel William
H. Trimble (than whom no braver man ever lived), which regiment
participated throughout the campaign of Major-General John C.
Fremont, resulting in driving Jackson out of the Shenandoah
Valley.

In September, 1862, through the treachery or imbecility of Col-
onel Miles, in command of the Union forces at Harper's Ferry, to
which point Colonel Trimble and his regiment had been ordered,
with other troops, Willard was again a prisoner to the rebel foe.
Previous to the surrender, however, he was severely wounded in
the left arm. Soon after this, he was honorably discharged at Camp
Douglas, Illinois.

Returning home a mere skeleton, weighing less than one hun-
dred pounds, he was elected probate judge of Fayette County at
the same election that gave Governor Brough one hundred thou-
sand majority over Clement L. Vallandigham. After the expira-
tion of his term of office, he became cashier of the Fayette County
National Bank, which position he held until that institution closed
up its business in October, 1875.

In May, 1869, he passed an examination, and was admitted to
the bar in his native town, and since the closing of the bank he
has given his whole time and attention to the practice of hie pro-
fession.

UNION TOAVNSIIIP. 635

On the 7tli day of April, 1863, he married Verselle S. Worley
(formerly Knight) a daughter of Salathiel and Jane Knight, and
grand-daughter of Colonel Joseph Bell. Mrs. Willard has one
hrother, Joseph Knight, now a resident of Fayette County, and
one sister, Elizabeth V., who is now the wife of M. Herbert, Esq.,
teller in the Peoples and Drovers Bank of Washington. There
have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Willard three children : Jane B.,
born on the 8th day of September, 1864; Laura A., born on the
17th day of February, 1867; and Herbert A., born on the 31st day
of October, 1872.

MARSHALL J. WILLIAMS.

Marshall J. Williams, attorney-at-law, Washington, is a son of
Dr. Charles M. Williams and Margaret Jane Williams, nee Mark,
and was born February 22, 1836. From childhood he has been a
close student, and at the age of nineteen graduated from the Ohio
Wesleyan University, at Delaware, and soon after began his legal
studies at Washington, with Nelson Rush. He completed his legal
course at the age of twenty-one, and shortly after opened an office
at Sigourney, Iowa, where he remained about one year. Becoming
displeased with his location, he returned to Washington, and at
once entered into a lucrative practice. He married Bertha Taylor,
a lady of Clermont County, but no children followed the union.

In 1870, he was elected to the Ohio Legislature, as representative
from Fa3^ette County, and took a prominent part in many of the
debates of that session. In 1872, he was returned to the legisla-
ture, and served through both sessions of that body with distinction.
At present he stands at the head of his profession, and is recog-
nized as one of the leading lawyers of southern Ohio, and has accu-
mulated a fortune by his practice.

JACOB WHITESEL.

Jacob Whitesel, butcher, Washington, was born in Pickaway
County, December 12, 1832, and is a son of George and Mary
Whitesel; his father a native of Virginia, and his mother of Pick-
away County, Ohio. They were married January 10, 1822, his wife
being Miss Mary Sidener. His grandparents were Nicholas White-
sel, born in Germany, February, 1755, and Elizabeth West, born in

636 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Pennsylvania, in 1754. George and Mary had a family of twelve
children, six sons and six daughters, all living but the two youngest.
Jacob, the subject of our sketch, was married June 1, 1865, to
Miss Sarah A. King, daughter of Henry and Mar}- King, of Balti-
more, Ohio. They have one child, Minnie Bell. Mr. Whitesel is
a member of Ringgold Lodge No. 90, I. 0. O. F., of Greenfield,
Ohio; is also a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He
received his education in Pickaway County, where he lived until he
was thirty-two years of age, when he removed to near Lancaster,
Ohio, and engaged in pike making some six months. He then en-
gaged in the drug and grocery business, at Rushville, for about two
years; and then went to Highland County, bought a farm, and
worked it some eight years, when he sold out and came to Wash-
ington, where he engaged in butchering, which he still follows.

JOHN L. WILSON.

John'L. Wilson, carpenter, Washington, was born September 18,
1835, and is a son of James N. and Maria Wilson, 'His father is a
native of North Carolina, and his mother of Ross County, Ohio.
The former came to Ohio in 1823, the latter in 1827. They had
SIX children.

Our subject was married January 21, 1867, to Anna, daughter of
James G. and Tabitha Jolly, of Clinton County, Ohio, who bore
him two children : James G. and Zeda B. He is a member of
Fayette Lodge No. 107, and Chapter No. 103, F. & A. M. He re-
ceived his education in Washington, where his youth was spent.
In politics he is a Republican.

DR. C. M. WILSON.

Dr. C. M. Wilson, physician, Washington, was born in North-
ampton, Pennsylvania, September 28, 1845, and is a son of Charles
and Catharine Wilson, of Hillsboro, Ohio. They had a family of
five children, two sons and three daughters.

Our subject was married, March 2, 1871, to Miss Mary L. Pricer,
daughter of David H. and Amanda Pricer, of South Salem, Ohio.
They have two children : Minnie and Amy C. The doctor enlisted
in August, 1864, in Company A, 175th 0. V. I. He was wounded
in the first engagement at Franklin, Tennessee, and November 30,

UNION TOWNSHIP. 637

1864, had the second finger of his right hand shot off, and also re-
ceived a flesh wound in his thigh. After being wounded he was
taken to Nashville, and one week afterward was removed to Louis-
ville, and from thence to Cincinnati, where he lay in West End
Hospital, from which he received his discharge from the service on
the 20th day of May, 1865. The following fall he entered South
Salem Academy, where he remained until the fall of 1868, when
he began his medical studies under Dr. Looker, of Cincinnati,
graduating in Miami Medical College, in March, 1871, and com-
menced a practice which has continued up to the present time, with
the exception of six months spent in the college and hospital in
ITew York City. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian
Church. His residence and office are on Court Street, where he
has been since June, 1875.

MILLS GARDNER.

Mills Gardner, attorn ey-at-law, Washington, was born at Russell-
ville. Brown County, Ohio, January 30, 1830, and is a son of Scth
and Elma S. (Barrere) Gardner. His father was a native of New
York, and his mother of Ohio. They had a family of three chil-
dren.

Our subject was married, October 9, 1851, to Miss Margaret A.
Morrow, daughter of John Morrow, of Highland County. They
have two children — Gertrude and Hortense. Mr. Gardner has al-
ways lived in this state, and has resided in Fayette County since
1854. He received a common school education, studied law, was
admitted to the bar in 1855, and Iras followed the profession since.
He was prosecuting attorney of Fayette County for four years;
was a member of the state senate in 1862-64; was a presidential
elector on the Lincoln ticket, in 1864; was a member of the state
house of representatives in 1866-68; was a member of the state
constitutional convention of Ohio, in 1873; and was elected to the
forty-fifth congress, as a Republican, receiving 16,549 votes against
16,098 votes for John S. Savage, Democrat.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP.

Jefferson, named in honor of the third President of the United
States, and the hirgest bnt one in the county, is located in the
northwestern part of the same, being bounded on • the north bj
Madison Count}^ on the east by Paint Township, on the south by
Union and Jasper townships, and on the west by Greene County. For
a more specific description, date of organization, etc., see general
history of the county. Paint Creek forms its eastern boundary
proper, while Rattlesnake enters in the north and crosses the en-
tire township, flowing southwestwardly, while the numerous tribu-
taries of these streams traverse it in various directions. According
to the statements of old settlers. Rattlesnake is named from an old
Indian chief, whose camp was on land now owned by Clement
Shockley. Sugar Creek, flowing almost parallel with Rattlesnake,
obtained its name from the great abundance of sugar maple on its
banks.

The surface is generally level, with occasional ridges and low
rolling hills. The soil is black and productive ; large crops of grain
are harvested each year, especially between Sugar and Rattlesnake
creeks. It was originally timbered heavily with elm, hickory,
oak and sugar maple, but the ax' and saw have caused sad havoc
with the dense forest, and since the completion of the railroad, coal
is being very generally used for fuel. Travel is facilitated by the
Springfield Southern Railroad, and five free pikes, of which a more
extended notice will be given subsequently.

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.

Chief among the military surveys of this township, are tracts
bearing the names of McArthur, 2,000 acres ; Washington, 2,000
acres; Kearns, 1,000 acres; Duff', 2,000 acres; Dunn, 1,000 acres;
Mosely, 1,000 acres; Pendelton, Spottswood and others. These
surveys have been divided into small tracts, and are owned prin-

638

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP, 639

cipally by the pioneers and their posterity. The early settlers,
nnmindful of the great importance attached thereto, kej)t no
chronological record, hence our task is a dithcult one.

From the limited data at our command, we infer that the family
of William Robinson, sr., was among the first who settled within
the limits of this township. This family, which consisted of father
and four sons, were natives of North Carolina, whence they re-
moved to Virginia.

In the year 1801, they came to this state and settled in Greene
County, about five miles southeast of Xenia, where they remained
a few years, then came to this township — perhaps in 1804. The
elder Robinson, located on the present site of the town of Jeffer-
sonville, occupying a cabin situated on the lot now in the possession
of Richard Fox. William Robinson, jun., took possession of a
tract of land, just a-cross the creek from the village, now known as
the " Wright farm," and occupied by Thomas Bruce. Two of the
sons, Thomas and Abner lived on the present Lewis Janes' tarm ;
the other son, named Nicholas, on land now belonging to Charles
Gray, on Rattlesnake Creek. Singleton, a son of William Rob-
inson, jun., resides in this township, and enjoys the confidence and
esteem of his fellow-men.

Aaron Kendall, and family, left Stafford County, Virginia, in
1805, and settled in this township on part of the Washington sur-
vey. The father eventually traveled back to Virginia and died
there. The remainder of the famil}- grew up and scattered ; con-
sequently not a descendant is now living here. The old homestead
is owned by the heirs of the late Charles Harrold.

In the year 1809 or 1810, George Creamer and three sons, Mich-
ael, Joseph and David, came from Berkeley County, Virginia, and
settled on Sugar Creek, on land still owned by his descendants.
George Creamer, jr., came in 1813, and located in the same neigh-
borhood. This family held prominent positions, and took an active
part in the development of the country. George was the first
justice of the peace; David was justice of the peace and surveyor;
Joseph, Michael and David participated in the war of 1812. The
senior Creamer died in the year 1825, and his sons have all follow-
ed him. Their descendants still survive, and practice the man}-
virtues laid down by their ancestors.

Soon after the Creamers took their departure from their Vir-
ginia home, they were followed by Marshall and Jacob Jenkins,

640 HiSTORY OF FAYEtTE COUNTY.

who resided in the same neighborhood — Warm Springs, Berkeley
County. Marshall Jenkins removed to near Sugar Creek, where
now resides the relict of John Parrott, deceased. He lived there
about twenty years, then removed to Port Williams, in Clinton
County, this state. Jacob took possession of a tract of land, a part
of which is now occupied by Mr. Hooker, and lived thereon till
1850, when he divided the same amongst his children and removed
to Jeffersonville, where he died in 1865. A part of the old home-
stead is still in the possession of his posterity.

Prior to 1812, a Carolinian named John McKillep came here, and
located about two miles north of JefFersonville, (descendants still
reside there) with wife and three sons : John, William and Daniel.
Mrs. McKillep was held in high repute for her services among the
settlers as midwife, and because of the scarcity of physicians, was
in great demand.

It should he remembered that there are two surveys in the name
of Duff in this township ; the east survey was settled by Patrick
Kerns, who immigrated prior to 1810, and cleared apiece of ground
.adjoining the farms of Jenkins and Creamer. He built a two
story log house, which was in appearance far in advance of its day
and o-eneration, which was standing and occupied as late as 1874.
The western survey was purchased by Peter Harness, in 1811, and
divided among his sons, giving each a good farm.

Joseph Hidy settled at an early day near Paint Creek, and owned
a large tract of land in Paint Township. Michael Carr owned
land in this township, but resided in Paint.

John Killgore, with his wife and a large family, emigrated to
Greene County, Ohio, from Kentucky, in 1801, and located in the
immediate vicinity of Xenia, where they remained several years ;
then, because of the scarcity of game, they determined to change
their quarters. Accordingly, the elder, accompanied by several of
his sons and a neighbor named James Kent, proceeded to explore
the country east of Xenia, and finally entered this township. The
first trace of civilization disclosed to their eyes was a "turnip
patch," near the cabin of Philip Powell, located in close proximity
to the present residence of Mr. McKillep, survey Xo. 1,344. They
struck the branch called Benbow Creek, and followed the same
through the farm now owned by Perry Killgore, to its mouth at
Sugar Creek, and here a bear was shot by one of the party. Per-
ceiving smoke arising from near a spring on the present Blessing

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP.

641

farm, they proceeded hither and discovered a partly of Indians in
camp. The latter were friendly, and invited the Killgores to re-
main over night, which invitation was thankfully accepted, the
hear heing served for supper. On the following day they went to
Madison County, selected a tract of land, erected a cahin, and
moved into the same with their families, remaining till 1808, when
one hundred and twenty-five acres in tliis township, extending
from T*erry Killgore's house to the road .east of the same, were
purchased. Here they remained till 1812, engaging in farming
and hunting. At the outbreak of the war of 1812, one of the
sons named James, went to Kentucky with Nathaniel Scott, and
manufactured saltpetre. John went to Chillicothe, enlisted in the
service, and died at Chillicothe while guarding prisoners. His
coffin was made by Joseph Hidy. His son, John Clark, volun-
teered, and was taken to Upper Sandusky, where he remained un-
til the close of the war, when he returned to his home. The
Killgore farm was purchased of Thomas Posey at seventy-five
cents per acre. At the death of the elder Killgore, it was purchas-
ed by two of his sons; one of the brothers, Clark, eventually be-
came sole owner, and at his demise, his son Perry bought out the
several heirs, and still retainb.the old homestead. The latter was
born in 1822, in the old house, which is still standing, and was
built prior to the marriage of Clark — about 1820. The various
members of the old family are deceased, and their descendants
scattered.

We are indebted to Mr. Perry Killgore for a list of the pioneers
who settled in the immediate vicinity of his home.

Philip Powell, who lived near the " turnip patch " above men-
tioned, came during the years intervening between 1801 and 1804,
and afterwards removed to Indiana, where he died. He was a
Kentuckian by birth.

Solomon Green lived on the present T. L. Rowan farm, but re-
mained a short time only. It is said of his son William, that he
brought from Kentucky and wore the first pair of boots ever
brought to this settlement, which gave him the sobriquet of " Bill
Boots."

David Polly, and Risdon, were early residents of the neighbor-
hood. The latter married Elizabeth, a daughter of John Kill-
gore, sen.

In about the year 1815, Stephen Hunt removed to the farm

642 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

which had been lately vacated by Polly. He was a carpenter,
surveyor, blacksmith, and justice of the peace, — held the latter
oiJice many years, — and pursued his various avocations successfully;
eventually removing to Illinois.

Samuel Hornbeck occupied the farm now owned by Abram
Blessiug. Being subject to frequent attacks of tits, his wife was
told, that a permaneut cure might be effected by taking off his
under garment and burning the same. At the next attack the
remedy was given a trial, resulting in the loss of the garment, but
proving a failure otherwise.

Moses Thomas settled on Sugar Creek, just south of the tene-
ment house now owned by Eh Mock, in 1825, and engaged in
blacksmithing,

Just below Moses Thomas, lived James and Andrew Wicker,
who were natives of North Carolina. The former afterwards re-
moved to lUinois with Jonathan, his father-in-law.

William and John *Horney settled early on the farm now owned
by Amos Williams. John devoted himself to hunting and shoot-
ing the game which was here in abundance.

John Mock was born in North Carolina, Januar}' 8, 1780. In
1800, he married Mar}- Horney, of the same state, and, accompa-
nied by her emigrated to Ohio, settling in Greene County, in 1802.
He assisted in the erection of the first dweUing house in Xenia,
which of course was of logs. He remained in Greene until 1853,
at which time he removed to this township, locating on the farm
now owned by his son Hezekiah, which contained five hundred
and nine acres, and was purchased of William Kerr for $1,000.
Mock was a participant in the Indian war, and guarded the Min-
erva block house. Upon his arrival here, he engaged in farming
and continued till his death, which occurred in 1862 — his wife pre-
ceded him about four years. They had eleven children, of whom
nine survive ; six live in this county, two in Greene, and one in the
State of Illinois. At his death, he had sevent3^-eight grand-
children.

Joseph Kent, who came witli the Killgores, remained with them
till 1808, then removed to Madison County where he spent the re-
mainder of his days.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. G43

OFFICIAL.

The original boundaries of this township, and the various
changes of the same, together with the date of organization is
given in another part of this work; hence, a repetition is deemed
unnecessary. Through the coartes}" of A. Bush, Esq., we have ob-
tained access to the records from 1816 to 1881 — making a complete
record with the exception of a few years — and extract as below :

The following officers were elected on theiirst day of April, 1816,
and "sworn in" on the sixth day of the same month: Justice of
the peace, Thomas Robinson ; trustees, Jacob Jenkins, Joseph Ken-
dall and Nicholas Robinson ; constables, William McCandless,
and Price Landfare ; supervisors, Samuel Wicker, John Miller,
George Pence and James Sanderson; treasurer, John JV^cKillep;
lister, William McCandless ; overseers of the poor, Patrick Kernan
and John Williams ; fence viewers, Jacob Jenkin and David
Creamer; the later was appointed at a subsequent meeting of the
trustees ; clerk, David Creamer.

March 3, 1817, the trustees met at the house of William C.
Blackmore and issued orders as follows :

John Miller, supervisor one year, $3.00 ; Samuel Wicker, receiv-
ed, $5.25 for a like service ; Jaco"b Jenkins, trustee one year, $6.00 ;
for serving in the capacity of supervisor one year, James Sanderson
and George, each $2.25 ; Joseph Kendall, trustee, $4.00 ; Joseph
Creamer, per cent. of funds, 98 cents ; David Creamer, clerk, $4,00 ;
following which appears this entry : " Settled all accounts with the •
treasurer, and tliere remains $1.22 in the treasury."

March 21, 1818, John Fenel was paid $2.62J cents for his services
as deputy supervisor, the fraction was paid in " sharp shins" or " cut-
money."

June 28, 1824, William Longbridge, constable, was commanded
by John Ryan, an overseer of the poor, to " summon Samuel Thorn-
ton and Lida Thornton to depart out of this township, and of this
writ make legal service and due return."

The trustees, on May 24, 1834, bound to James Fent, as an ap-
prentice, George Seamer, aged eleven, until he shall attain the age
of twenty-one. Conditioned that the said Fent shall clothe, main-
tain and educate said Seamer, and at the expiration of his term of
servitude, shall present him with a Bible and two suits of clothes.
This is the tirst transaction of the kind on record.

644 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

The records on the main have heen well kept, and are simply
indicative of the bnsiuess transacted by the officials. The above
extracts were made with a view of showing the-great changes made
in the management of afiairs.

We submit below a complete list of the principal township
officials from 1816 to 1881. At times it has been difficult to as-
certain definitely the names of persons elected each year, to which
should be ascribed any inaccuracy that may occur:
1816 — Jacob Jenkins, Joseph Kendall, Mcholas Robinson, trustees.

David Creamer, clerk.

John Mclvillep, treasurer.

William McCandless, assessor.
1817 — Nicholas Robinson, Aaron Kendall, Joseph Kendall, trustees.

David Creamer, clerk.

John McKillep, treasurer.

Joseph Creamer, assessor.
1818 — Joseph Kendall, James Horney, Patrick Kenan, trustees.

David Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.

Joseph Creamer, assessor.
1819 — George Benson, N. Robinson, Joseph Kendall, trustees.

David Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.

Joseph Creamer, assessor.
1820 — Isaac Hagler, James Herr, Joseph Kendall, trustees.

David Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.

George H. Creamer, assessor.
1821 — Isaac Hagler, Joseph Kendall, Patrick Kenan, trustees.

David Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horiiey, treasurer.

George. H. Creamer, assessor.
1822 — Isaac Hagler, Joseph Kendall, Richard Ayres, trustees.

David Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.

George II. Creamer, assessor.
1823 — Joseph Kendall, Richard Ayres, George Benson, trustees.

David Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.

George H. Creamer, assessor.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 645

1824 — Isaac Hagler, X. Kobinson, William Janes, trustees.

A. Keran, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer,

George H. Creamer, assessor.
1825 — William Janes, N. Robinson, Joseph Creamer, trustees.

Azariah Keran, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.

Sylvester Jenks, assessor.
1826 — N. Roljinson, Joseph Creamer, William Janes, trustees,

Azariah Keran, clerk.

Daniel Horner, treasurer.
1827 — George Benson, Joseph Creamer, Wm. Robinson, trustees.

John B. Dowden, clerk.

Daniel Horney, clerk.
1828 — Wm. Robinson, Wm. Wiley, Charles Wilson, trustees.

George Benson, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1829 — George Benson, J. Creamer, Andrew Hardway, trustees.

Hiram Jenkins, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1830 — N. Morrison, W. Robinson, James Kirkpatrick, trustees.

Stephen us Hunt, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1831 — ^N". Morrison, Wm. Robinson, Joseph Straley, trustees.

George Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1832 — William Robinson, George Benson, I^. Morrison, trustees.

M. B. Wright, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1833 — N". Morrison, William Robinson, George Benson, trustees.

M. B. Wright, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasu.rer.
1834 — James Sanderson, Wm. Robinson, Joshua Creamer, trustees.

Thomas Lucas, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1835 — Garret Vanorsdoll, George Benson, Reuben Carr, trustees.

Thomas Lucas, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1836 — Garret Vanorsdoll, George Benson, Reuben Carr, trustees.

Jacob Creamer, cl^rk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.

646 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

1837 — Patrick Herns, John Mills, William Janes, trustees.

Jacob Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer. »
1838 — Cliipman Horney, David Creamer, Amos Flood, trustees.

John Hanken, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1839 — B. B. Mills, C. Horney, Membrance Blue, trustees.

J. B. Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1840 — B. Latham, G. VanorsdoU, J. Horney, trustees.

J. B. Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1841 — G. VanorsdoU, J. Horney, Bela Latham, trustees.

J. B. Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1842 — J. Horney, G. VanorsdoU, H. Sanderson, trustees.

J. B. Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1843 — J. Horney, G. VanorsdoU, H. Sanderson, trustees.

J. B Creamer, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.
1844 — J. Horney, G. VanorsdoU, H. Sanderson, trustees.

Timothy Jayne, clerk.

Daniel Horney, treasurer.

Simon Creamer, assessor,
1845 — H. Sanderson, G. VanorsdoU, J. Horney, trustees.

Timothy Jayne, clerk.

Eeuben Carr, treasurer.

Wilson Lancaster, assessor.
1846 — Harvey Sanderson, Garret VanorsdoU, Jeffrey Horney, trus-
tees.

Timothy Jayne, clerk.

Reuben Carr, treasurer.

M. B. Wright, assessor.
1847 — Harvey Sanderson, Garret VanorsdoU, William Robinson,
trustees.

David Creamer, clerk.

Reuben Carr, treasurer.

M. B. Wright, assessor.
1348 — Garret VanorsdoU, Jesse WilliamSj John Lucas, trustees.

JEFFERSON TOAVNSHIP. 647

William Hill, clerk.

Reuben Carr, treasurer..

M. B. Wright, assessor.
1849 — John Parrott, II. Sanderson, W. Lancaster, trustees.

B. C. Fewell, clerk.

Reuben Carr, treasurer.

J. R. Sanders, assessor.
1850 — John Parrott, Harvey Sanderson, Wilson Lancaster, trustees.

David Creamer, clerk.

J. P. Edwards, treasurer.

J. R. Sanders, assessor.
1851 — H. Sanderson, G. Vanorsdoll, S. Sheley, trustees.

Abram Bush, clerk.

J. P. Edwards, treasurer.

J. R. Sanders, assessor.
1852 — S. F.Johnson, II. Sanderson, G. Vanorsdoll, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

Richard Fawkes, treasurer.

J. R. Sanders, assessor.
1853 — H. Sanderson, G. Vanorsdoll, Jacob Creamer, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

Richard Fawkes, treasurer.

J. R. Sanders, assessor.
1854 — II. Sanderson, Jacob Creamer, G. Vanorsdoll, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

Richard Fawkes, treasurer.

William A. Cremer, assessor.
1855 — G. Vanorsdoll, M. B. Wright, Anderson Horney, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

Richard Fawkes, treasurer.

Singleton Robinson, assessor.
1856 — G. Vanorsdoll, A. Horney, Ezra Compton, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

Richard Fawkes, treasurer.

Singleton Robinson, assessor.
1857 — Joseph Hidy, G. W. Janes, Charles Harrold, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

Richard Fawkes, treasurer.

Singleton Robinson, assessor.
1858 — G. W. Janes, Charles Harrold, J. B. Creamer, trustees.

648 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

A. Bush, clerk.

Richard Fawkes, treasurer. . *

Singleton Rohinson, assessor.
1859— G. W. Janes, Willis Hays, J; M. Porter, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

Richard Fawkes, treasurer.

Benjamin Wilson, assessor.
1860— G. W. Janes, J. 1^. Porter, John McKillep, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

W. T. Howard, treasurer.

Benjamin Wilson, assessor.
1861 — G. W. Janes, J. M. Porter, John McKillep, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

W. T. Howard, treasurer.

Singleton Robinson, assessor.
1862— G. W. Janes, J. M. Porter, Willis Hays, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

W. T. Howard, ti-easurer.

M. B. Wright, assessor.
1863 — J. B. Creamer, G. W. Janes, Willis Hays, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

W. T. Howard, treasurer.

M. B. Wright, assessor.
1864 — J. B. Creamer, J. R. Vanorsdoll, Willis Hays, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

William T. Howard, treasurer.

Joseph Browning, assessor.
1865 — J. B. Creamer, J. R. Vanorsdoll, WilHs Hays, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

William T. Howard, treasurer.

Joseph Browning, assessor.
1866— Henry Miller, J. R. Vanorsdoll, C. K. Higbee, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

L. Goldman, treasurer.

Abram Bush, assessor.
1867 — Henry Miller, J. R. Vanorsdoll, C. K. Higbee, trustees.

A. Bush, clerk.

L. Goldman, treasurer.

Abram Bush, assessor.
1868 — J. R. Vanorsdoll, J. B. Creamer, C. Higbee, trustees.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP.

649

J. li. Creamer, clerk.

L. Goldman, treasurer.

Abram Bush assessor.
1869 — J. R. Vanorsdoll, J. B. Creamer, L. D. Crow, trustees.

S. II. Carr, clerk.

L. Goldman, treasurer.

Singleton Robinson, assessor.
1870 — Abram Bush, L. I). Crow, J. R. Vanorsdoll, trustees.

O. W. Marshall, clerk.

L. Goldman, treasurer.

T. C. Williams, assessor.
1871 — Abram Bush, L, D. Crow, J. R. Vanorsdoll, trustees.

0. W. Marshall, clerk.

L. Goldman, treasurer.

A. Bush, assessor.
1872— L. D. Crow, J. R. Vanorsdoll, E. L. Carr, trustees.

O. W. Marshall, clerk.

L. Goldman, treasurer.

Singleton Robinson, assessor.
1873— G. W. Janes, W. C. Fent, L. D. Crow, trustees.

M. S. Creamer, clerk.

O. K. Corbitt, treasurer.

Henry Sharp, assessor.
1874— G. W. Janes, W. C. Fent, II. K. Mock, trustees.

O. W. Marshall, clerk.

O. K. Corbitt, treasurer.

Henry Sharp, assessor.
1875— W. C. Fent, G. W. Janes, Nathan Creamer, trustees.

C. W. Gray, clerk.

O. K. Corbitt, treasurer.

Henry Sharp, assessor.
-G. W. Janes, W. C. Fent, G. L. Bush, trustees.

C. W. Gray, clerk.

(). K. Corbitt, treasurer.

Henry Sharp, assessor.
-:N'. Creamer, W. C. Fent, W. T. Howard, trustees.

C. W. Gray, clerk.

O. K. Corbitt, treasurer.

Henry Sharp, assessor.
1878-

1876-

1877-

650 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

C. W. Gray, clerk.

John B. Fent, treasurer. ^

Joab Harper, assessor.
1879— W. C. Fent, G. L. Janes, B. F. Johnson, trustees.

C. W. Gray, clerk.

John B. Fent, treasurer.

Joab Harper, assessor.
1880— B. F. Johnson, E. L. Jones, M. K Wright, trustees.

C. Marshall, clerk, vice Gray, resigned.

John B. Fent, treasurer.

Henry Sharp, assessor.

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.

1816, Thomas Eobinson ; 1817, George Creamer, Stephenus Hunt ;
1818, James Kerr; 1821, David Creamer: 1822, William Janes;
1825, David Creamer; 1827, Stephenus Hunt : 1828, David Creamer,
John C. Killgore ; 1831, George Benson, Stephenus Hunt ; 1834, Dav-
id Creamer, S. Hunt; 1837, Thomas Lucas, George Benson; 1838,
Jacob A. Rankin ; 1840, Thomas Lucas; 1841, Jacob A. Rankin,
Jacob Creamer; 1843, Thomas Lucas; 1844, Jacob A. Rankin,
Ezekiel H. Crow ; 1846, Thomas Lucas, David Creamer, Ezekiel
H. Crow; 1848, Timothy Jayne, Jesse Carr; 1851, Jesse Carr, Tim-
othy Jayne; 1853, Thomas Lucas; 1854, David Creamer, Ezekiel
H. Crow; 1856, J. M. Lucas; 1857, David Creamer, EHas Straley;
1859, Charles Harrold; 1860, James Straley, E. H. Carr; 1861
Joseph Hurless ; 1863, James Straley, Jacob Creamer ; 1865, John
W. Sayer; 1867, E. P. Conner; 1868, Jacob Creamer, John W.
Sayer ; 1869, J. M. Blessing; 1870, James Straley; 1871, Joseph
Hurless, A. W. Blessing; 1873, James Straley, 1874, Joseph
Hurless, L. D. Crow ; 1876, Samuel R. Straley ; 1877, Joseph Hur-
less, L. D. Crow ; 1879, James Flax; 1880, Joseph Hurless, W. G.
Creamer.

CHURCHES.

THE FREE CHURCH ASSOCIATION.

In about the year 1848, the citizens of Jefferson ville organized a
society which had for its object the erection of a church, t'e be

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP.

651

noii-sectariau in its character, L e. to be occupied by the various
denominations, alternately. The stockholders met March 6, 1848,
and purchased a part of the school lot in district number 13, and
decided to erect a house of worship thereon, which was to be of
frame, fifty-four feet in length and thirty-eight feet in width. It
was stipulated that the house should be used by all denominations,
and the " Sons of Temperance " were granted the privilege of
building a stairway to the garret and occupying the same, provided
they made the necessary improvements. Its friends subscribed
$983.57, in addition to which separate funds were raised for the
stoves and lamps, the latter by the ladies. The church has been
occupied by the Methodist Episcopal, Universalist, and Methodist
Protestant denominations, and is in charge of a non-sectarian board
of trustees; it was remodelled in 1869. Present directors: Will-
iam Blessing, O. W., Marshall, W. H. Jones, M. D., Joseph Hur-
less, J. B. Bush.

FIRST UNIVERSALIST CHURCH OF JEFFERSONVILLE.

This church was organized August 5, 1860, by Rev. E. Moore,
of Locust Grove, Adams County, Ohio, in the Union meeting
house. The following officers were elected on the 29th of the
same month: William Palmer, Joseph Hidy, John F. Gregg,
deacons and trustees; Gilbert Ferrell, treasurer; H. K. Pearson,
secretary. Rev. Moore continued pastor for a period of eight years,
and was followed by Rev. W. S. Bacon, of Cincinnati, who had
charge one year, and was succeeded by Rev. L. D. H. Corwin;
he in turn was followed by Rev. Tucker, who preached three
years ; at the expiration of which Rev. Miss Prud Le Clerk — a distant
relative of jS"apoleon Bonaparte — preached, she died December 25?
1878, and was followed by Rev. Saxton, of Columbus, who preached
one year, and was succeeded by Mrs. L. D. Crossly, of Woodstock,
Champaign Count}-, Ohio, the present incumbent. In 1873 the
organization began the erection of a neat brick structure, and
finished the same in the following year at a cost of $4,000. The
funeral of the late Gilbert Terrell, a staunch supporter of the
church, was conducted in the building ere it was completed. One
hundred and twenty-one persons- have subscribed their names to
the constitution since its organization ; the present membership is
sixty-three. Services once each month. Sabbath-school every
summer.

652 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

PLEASANT VIEW CHRISTIAN (CAMPBELLITE) CHURCH.

This church was organized June 30, 1877, by P. P. Glass, with
fourteen members, at the residence of Benson Glass. The organi-
zation proceeded at once to the erection of a house of worship,
meanwhile holding services in the school house. • The new build-
ing, a neat frame, thirty by forty, was completed in March of the
following year. 'Squire James Flax is elder, and has preached
regularly and acceptably since the formation of the society. Ser-
vices are held every vSabbath. Membership, eighty-four. Sunday-
school during the summer season.

THE PLEASANT VIEW BAPTIST CHURCH.

This church was organized in the old school house, near Pleas-
ant View, by N. M. Longfellow, with about twenty-five members,
in 1865-6. They began the erection of their present building, a
frame, thirty-six by forty-eight, soon after. The following minis-
ters have been in charge : Churchill, Moore, Perry, Longfellow,
(son of N. M, Longfellow), Mcllvaine, the present incumbent. At
present there are about fifty members. Sabbath school every Sun-
day.

FIRST M. E. CHURCH.

This church is located on the farm of Milan L. Sinitu, military
survey number 1256. An organization was etfected in about the
year 1865, at the school house in the same neighborhood, and the
building is a frame about forty feet long and thirty wide. The
Methodist Protestant society has held meetings alternately with the
Methodist Episcopal. Both societies at present have a small mem-
bership and ere long will cease to exist.

AVEST LANCASTER M. E. CHURCH.

The original society was organized at the house of Joseph
Straley, who resided about one and one-half miles southeast of
West Lancaster, in about the year 1850. For a time meetings were
held in a school house on the same farm, when it was determined

JEIPFERSON TOWNSHIP. 653

to erect a log clnirch on the Jamestown and Washington road, one
and one-half miles east of "West Lancaster, in which services were
held till 1858-9, when work was commenced on the present,
a frame forty-eight by thirty-six. Owing to the outbreaking of the
civil war, the work was dilatory, and the house was not completed
until 1868. Among the early and prominent ministers are the fol-
lowing : Alfred Hance, Adams, who went to Texas ; Joseph
Tremble, now at the Western University ; T. W. Stanley, S. S.
Stivers, Cartridge, and R. I. DeSelm, present incumbent. The
church is now in the Jeffersonville Circuit and London District.

SECRET ORGANIZATIONS.

ODD FELLOWS.

Jeffersonville Lodge No. 454, I. 0. 0. F., was organized July 20,
1870, with the following charter members: J. M. Blessing, Joseph
Hurless, R. Fox, A. J. Aldridge, O. W. Marshall, E. L. Jones,
George H. Creamer, and Lewis Bentz.

The first officers were : Joseph Hurless, N. G. ; 0. W. Marshall,
V. G.; Lewis Bentz, R.S.; A. J. Aldridge, P. S.; J. W. Blessing, T.;
J. J. Tompson, W. ; J. H. Creamer, C. ; J. W. Janes, L G.; G. W.
Janes, 0. G. ; J. W. Haymaker, R. S. N. G.; A. W. Blessing, L. S.
N. G.; Milton Miller, R. S. V. G.; O. K. Corbitt, L. S. V. G.; Mil-
ton Miller, R. R. S. S. ; S. N. Corbitt, L. S. S. ; J. M. Porter, J. W.
Janes, 0. K. Corbitt, trustees.

In June, 1879, a part of the membership, in the absence of the
other brethren, voted to surrender the charter, sold the furniture,
and appropriated the proceeds, wath four hundred dollars belong-
ing to the lodge, to the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Jefferson-
ville. The absentees instituted suit for the recovery of the
property, and the question is now in the common pleas court at
Washington for adjustment. A re-organization was also made,
and following officers elected: Joseph Hurless, N. G.; W. C.
Wilson, V. G.; George Miller, R. S.; J. N. Yates, P. S.; Richard
Fox, T.; Jacob R. Hosier, Joseph Hurless, J.J.Thompson, trus-
tees.

The present officers are: S. R. Estep, N. G. ; I). W. Perkins, V.

654 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

G. ; George Miller, R. and P. S. ; R. Fox, T. ; J. R. Hosier, W. ;
J. K Yates, C. ; W. C. Wilson, I. G. ; T. G. Ware, 0. G. ; Joseph
Hurless, R. S. K G. ; J. G. Re6se, L. S. K G. ; John Curry, R. S.
V. G. ; E. r. Zimmerman, L. 8. V. G. ; J. J. Thompson, R. S. S. ;
Jacob Dieterle, L. S. S.

TOWNSHIP HOUSE.

The trustees of Jefferson Township met June 24, 1871, to select
and purchase a site on which to build a township house. After
due consideration, and examining all the locations offered, it was
agreed to purchase of J.fW. Haymaker part of in-lot number
twelve, situated in the village of Jeffersonville, and pay one hun-
dred and fortv dollars for the same.

INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL.

The pioneers of Jefferson, in common with the new comers of
other localities, enjoyed no opportunities tor trading at home.
Grain and other products were conveyed to Cincinnati, Springfield,
and Oldtown ; much time and labor being required in making
these trips. It soon became apparent that nothing could be gained
so long as there were no facilities for converting grain into flour,
and timber into lumber, in the near neighborhood, and various
devices were invented to attain this end.

Perhaps the first mill worthy of record was erected by William
Robinson, on Sugar Creek, opposite the present farm of J. B.
Creamer. It was decidedly a primitive affair.

Another water-mill was erected on the same creek by William
Blackamore, and used for grinding corn.

Jacob Creamer, in 1840, erected a saw-mill, in the present limits
of Jeffersonville, where the covered bridge now stands, and after-
wards added a corn-cracker. During the wet season lumber w^as
shipped across the creek on a raft, and taken to the village. The
lumber, which was white and burr oak, was used in the construc-
tion of houses, barns, and fences. Edward Gray had charge of

' JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 655

it, and in the spring when the water was low, frequently "put his
shoulder" to the Avater-gate in order to put the machinery in mo-
tion.

David Creamer had a saw-mill on the land now in the possession
of Wallace.

The various dams have long since been abandoned, and the va-
rious mills are now propelled by steam.

RAILROADS.

For nearly half a century, the enterprising citizens of Jefferson
have agitated the propriety of constructing a steam railroad through
its limits. When the voters of this county were called upon to
declare by ballot, whether one hundred thousand dollars should be
issued, in bonds, to aid in the construction of the Cincinnati, Wil-
mington and Zanesville Railroad, via Washington, this township
voted yes! The Dayton and Southeastern Railway project was de-
feated, while the question of issuing a certain amount of bonds for
the purpose of building the Springfield, Jackson and Pomeroy
Railroad, was decided in the affirmative; however, the bill author-
izing the township to issue the bonds was declared unconstitutional,
and for the time being the project was abandoned.

In the winter of 1874 and 1875, the matter was taken up by
William Blessing and C. W. Gray and violently agitated. A meet-
ing was called, speakers invited, and a rousing meeting was held.
The quota for this township was $35,000, and was filled in a short
time through the indefatigable labors of Willis Hays, Isaac Glaze,
George Janes, M. B. Wright, C. W. Gray and William Blessing.
The land owners all responded liberally. Work was commenced
in the spring following, and completed in the fall of 1877. At the
completion of the road it did a fair business, which has continued
to this day. In the following year the affairs of the road were
placed in the hands of a receiver, who sold the same to the Spring-
field Southern Railroad Company — the present operators. The
old organization is still kept up, Mr. Blessing being the director
from this place.

656 filSTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ROADS.

Our forefathers enjoyed none of the advantages offered by the
complete net\vt)rk of pikes and roads of the present day, the blaz-
ed road being the only means of traversing the almost impenetrable
forest. "When a certain number of freeholders desired the " blaz-
ing" of a new road, a petition was presented to the county com-
missioners praying for the same. That honorable body appointed
three disinterested persons as viewers, and on their recommenda-
tion if no serious objection was made, the road was surveyed and
declared established.

The first public highway rnnning through Jefferson, was an old
Indian trace converted into a state road, and now usually termed
the Jeffersonville and Bloomingburg pike. Another road extend-
ed from Washington to Jamestown, and was a great thoroughfare
for western emigrants. These, with the road leading from Jeffer-
sonville to South Charleston, constituted the principal thoroughfares.

The township records, prior to 1876, being lost, we have no means
of ascertaining the condition of the public highways on and after
the immediate organization of Jefferson. In that year there were
seven districts, as follows : l^o. 1, beginning at Alexander Sander-
son's, thence down Rattlesnake Creek to the county line; James
Sanderson, supervisor. No. 2, beginning at the Xenia road near
Sanderson's, thence up Rattlesnake to the county line near dem-
ons'; John Wirk, supervisor. No. 3, beginning at the crossing
of the Missouri, thence to the line of Greene County ; Alexander
Sanderson, supervisor. jSTo. 4, beginning at Isaac Workman's,
thence out the state road to the crossing of the Missouri ; George
Pence, supervisor. No. 5, beginning at Isaac Workman's, thence
up the county road to the long bridge near Blakemore's Mill ;
Patrick Kerran, supervisor. No 6, beginning at long- bridge near
Blackamore's Mill, thence out the county road to the county line ;
William Popejoy, supervisor. No. 7, beginning at the county line
near Aaron Kendall's, thence down Paint to the crossing of the
same ; Aaron Kendall, supervisor. The roads received more atten-
tion from time to time, and were enclosed in smaller districts. At
present, five pikes and a number of dirt roads attest the excellent
facilities offered the traveling public.

Jefferson township. 657

MISCELLANEOUS.

The first marriage was solemnized between William Anrley and
Lucy Kendal], at the house of Aaron Wood ; Squire Joel Wood
officiating.

Patrick Iverran (or Kerns) was the first blacksmith, andfolk^wed
his trade for many years. He brought his forge with him, and was
assisted in striking the iron to be beaten, by his wife.

Thomas McGarraugh was the first physician. He lived at Wash-
ington and visited his patients on horseback. He enjoyed a good
reputation, and afterwards served his county as associate judge and
representative.

James F. Boyer and George Sharrette were the pioneer brick-
makers; D. McCoy, the first merchant ; Joseph Hidy and Steph-
anus Hunt, the first carpenters.

The counterfeiters who infested this county in the early days,
frequently victimized the good citizens of Jefl;erson, though we
have not learned of au}^ organized gang that was located in their
midst. In later years, when Alfred Walston removed to the black-
smith shop originally occupied by Moses Thomas, he found con-
cealed in the same, a mold for the production of bogus silver
dollars. How and when the device was placed there has been a
mystery to this day.

Richard Douglass, of Chillicothe, and one of the first practi-
tioners at the AV^ashington bar, owned a tract of land in this town-
ship containing about twelve hundred acres, which was in charge
of his brother, an ex-sea captain, who was well versed in marine
matters, but a fiat failure as a farmer.

Richard, or "Dick" as he was familiarly called, was very 'quick
tempered, but usually regretted his violent outbursts of passion
the next moment. One winter he purchased a large fiock of sheep
and put them in his brother's care, who managed to preserve half
of them — the others died from sheer neglect, and were placed in
a heap and covered with straw. On the following spring, Dick
visited his farm, and upon discovering the dead sheep exclaimed,
"what in the h — 1!" — but regretting the hasty remark, lifted his
eyes reverently to heaven and said, " God forgive me !"

In the fall of the year 1844-5, a party of emigrants, who were
on their way from Virginia to a western state, encamped in the

658 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

woods on the Washington and. Jamestown road, on the site of
West Lancaster. With them were two young men named Martin
and McClung, who were prospecting, and having overtaken the
emigrants, conchided to accompany them to the West. It was on
the evening of the fall election, and two young men, named re-
spectively Hiram Hosier and Henry Smith, were returning from
the polls at Jeifersonville in a jolly mood, and on horseback. One
of them, it is alleged, upon arriving at the camp, conducted him-
self in such a manner as to insult the women, and aroused the in-
dignation of the men, who proceeded to chastise them. The party
attacked retreated about two hundred yards, then charged upon
the assailing party. In the melee which ensued, Hosier, it is said,
encountered McClung, and struck him on the head, inflicting a
dangerous wound, from the effects of which he died in a few
hours. Hosier was arrested. The case, however, was postponed
from time to time. It was finally brought to trial, and Martin, the
prosecuting witness, having been bribed to abscond, the jury disa-
greed— standing eleven for conviction and one for acquittal. The
prosecuting attorney eventually yiollied the charge.

On the 20th of April, 1843, a party of young men went to a
wedding at Straley's — then in Jefferson, but now in Jasper Town-
ship— to " bell." They were attacked by those inside, and Antrim
Rankins, son of Thomas K. Rankins, was shot, and died on the
following day. John Ilid}^ was arrested and charged with commit-
ing the deed. He was admitted to bail, — his father going his se-
curity,— left the country, and never returned.

SCHOOLS.

The antiquated school building, with its huge fire-place and
greased paper windows, is well remembered hy the pioneers of Jef-
ferson, many of whom obtained their "book larnin" in the same.

David Creamer is remembered as the first teacher in the vicinity.
He t-aught three months each year, in a log cabin on the farm of
Jacob Jenkins. Other schools were opened soon after in other
portions of the township, and the subscription school system be-
came general.

On the 18th of March, 1826, the township trustees divided Jef-

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 659

fersoii Township into seven school districts, the first of which in-
cluded the property of George Coil, Peter Fisher, Richard Banghn,
Joseph Creamer, Samnel Christy, David Creamer, Simeon Creamer,
William Young, Thomas Jones, Peter Windle, Isaac Hegler, Daniel
Dougherty, John Wicker, Joseph Levally, and George Price.

The second district embraced the lands of Marshall Jenkins,
George H. Creamer, Michael Creamer, Samuel Straley. George
Harness, Robert Wiley, William Wiley, William Popejoy, James
McCoy, Jacob Jenkins, Azariah Keran, Patrick Keran, John
Wright, George Benson, Samuel Corbett, William Fent, Thomas
Morgan.

Third district: Sarah Conner, Susanna Rose, James Conner,
Philip Fent, George Fent, Charles Wilson, Mrs. Fewell, John Shar-
ret, Peter Harness, Jacob Harness, Adam Harness, Arthur Harness,
William Janes, James Kerns, Joseph Hurliss, Sylvester Jenks.

Fourth district: Chipman Horney, John McCalep, Andrew
Wicker, John Fewell, William Stevenson, Daniel Horney, Henry
Short, Mrs. Horney, Daniel McKellip, Miss Thomas, John Horney,
William Horney, James Wicker, Jeffrey Plorney.

Fifth district: John Moon, John Kerran, William Clemmons,
Daniel Sharron, Mrs. Kendall, Andrew Hard^vay, Miss Killgore,
Joseph Hunt, John C. Killgore, Jonathan Moon, John Clemmons,
Thomas Devault, Nicholas Devault, Philip Powell, Stephanus Hunt,
William Halliday, Robert Powell, William Robinson, Mr. Fritz,
Jacob Reinzel.

Sixth district : John Mills, Joseph Kendall, Henry Brammer,
James Witty, Stephen Cornwall, William Robinson, Nicholas Rob-
inson, Fick Redden, AYilliam Kendall, John Riddle, Adam Allen,
William Hidy, Benjamin Hi dy, Benjamin Ryan, Jesse Enos, Joshua
Merriman, Girard Scott, Edmund Brammer.

Seventh district: Benjamin Greathouse, James Sanderson, John
Hidy, Solomon Soward, William Ryan, Joseph Ryan, Harvey San-
dei;son, Alex^mdei^^Sandereon, -Joseph Straley, William Mormon,
Samuel Key, John Coice.

The old logs were gradually torn down, and frame buildings
erected in their stead. Later, the number of districts was increased
to thirteen, and substantial brick buildino;s were built.

660 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

JEFFERSONVILLE.

Jeffersoiiville is a finely situated village of six hundred and twen-
ty-eight inhabitants on the banks of Sugar Creek, on the line of
the Springtield Southern Railroad, eleven miles from Washington,
eighteen miles from South Charleston, and is located in one of the
finest agricultural districts of Ohio. The farmers in the surround-
ing country use the latest improved agricultural implements, the
land is level, and the productiveness of the soil is unsurpassed. In
riding over the township, and viewing the numerous farm houses
and out buildings, dotted so near to each other, one is reminded of
a vast suburb near a large city teeming with people and industr}'.

For the last year business in the village has made rapid strides,
and at this writing there is not a vacant dwelling house in the
place. The railroad has brought new industries and enterprises,
and mechanics are steadily employed at fair wages.

FIRST SETTLERS.

As has been seen, William Robinson was the first resident in the
limits of the village ; however, there was no trace of a village at
that time, consequently he can not be considered as the first resi-
dent of Jeff'ersonville.

In the year 1831, Walter B. Wright and Chipman Robinson, who
owned one hundred acres of the present village, recognizing the
fact that the establishment of a trading point in or near the center
of Jefferson Township was a public necessit}^, laid oft' the same in-
to town lots, the surveying being done on the first of March by
Stephanns Hunt, and disposed of them at five dollars each.

The first house was erected by Robert Wiley, on Main Street. It
is still standing, and owned by the heirs of David Creamer. Wiley
afterward removed to the West. The lot was known as No. 1.

William Devault, Reuben Carr, Jacob Jeidvin^ Edward Jenkins,
and M. B. Wright, who was living in the frame residence near the
Universalist Church when the town was surveyed, were among the
first settlers.

Edward Gray, though not one of the first, was an early resident
of the village ; and as he has been, and is still, one of the most en-
terprising citizens, we append a short sketch of his life:

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 661

He was a native of Morgan County, Virginia, and came to Ohio
in the fall of 1836, with his father, Michael, and the family of the
latter, ten in all, traveling on the newly completed National Road.
Upon their arrival in this county, they stopped at Michael Crea-
mer's, a hrother-in-law of the elder Grray, while the latter went to
Highland Countj', with a view of examining the land. Unable to
find a suitable location, he returned and purchased a tract of land
one mile southwest of Jeffersonville (now occupied by Jacob Gray),
containing two hundred acres, of Mr. Pavey, of Leesburg, at three
dollars per acre. They began clearing up the place, then a dense
forest. Edward removed to town a few years later, and engaged
in the mercantile business, establishing a good trade, which is still
enjoyed by his sons. At Mr. Gray's earliest recollection, Jacob
Creamer, Edward Popejoy, Benjamin Wright, Thomas Devault,
George Hardway, Reuben Carr, and Calvin Woodruff, were the
only residents of the viUage.

Edward Popejoy opened the first store, on the lot lately occupied
by the hardware and provision store of C. W. Gray & Bro., with
Calvin Woodruff as clerk.

Reuben and Jesse Carr engaged in the selling of dr}' goods.

Later, a store was opened by Judge Bereman and Daniel Daugh-
erty.

Hiram Duff was the first blacksmith, Joseph Games the first
tanner, and Dr. Boarer the first physician.

Jacob Creamer, now living at Mechanicsburg, in Champaign
County, was millwright, carpenter, and surveyor.

In the month of February, 1840, Mr. Howard removed to the
village from Washington. At that time there were seventeen
buildings, the most of which were log, and altogether the little set-
tlement presented an isolated appearance.

Edward Popejoy kept a store and blacksmith shop. Gilbert
Terrell was also engaged in the mercantile business. William Rob-
inson, now living in Washington, had a saddle and harness shop in
a small log, 14x16 feet. E. H. Crow was the only tailor.

H. H. Pearson came to the village in abput the year 1843, and
opened a grocery and liquor store. He did a good business, and
rapidly accumulated a fortune; but finally went to Defiance, Ohio,
where he lost most of his wealth. He is now a resident of Oak-
land Valley, Franklin County, Iowa.

662 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

CORPORATION.

From the official records now in possession of the village mayor,
we copy the following act to incorporate the town of Jefferson-
ville, in the county of Fayette ;

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State
of Ohio, that so much of the township of Jeft'erson, in the county
of Fayette, as is comprised within the limits of the town plat of the
town of Jeifersonville, together with all such additions as may
hereafter be recorded thereto, be and the same is hereby created a
town corporate, and shall hereafter be known as the town of Jef-
fersonville.

Sec. 2. That it shall be lawful for the white male inhabitants of
said town, having the qualifications of electors of the General As-
sembly, to meet on the second Monday of April next, and on the
second Monday of April annually thereafter, and elect, by ballot,
one mayor, one recorder, and five trustees, who shall be house hold-
ers, and shall hold their offices one year, and until their successors
are elected and qualified; and they shall constitute the town
counciL

Sec 3. That at the first election under this act, they shall
choose, viva voce, two judges and a clerk, who shall each take an
oath, or affirmation, faithfully to discharge the duties assigned
them, and at all elections thereafter, the trustees, or any two of
them, shall be judges, and the recorder, clerk; and at all such elec-
tions the polls shall l)e open between the hours of ten and eleven
a. m., and close at three o'clock p. m. of said day ; and at the close
of the polls, the votes shall be counted and proclaimed, and the
clerk shall deliver to each person elected, or leave at his usual place
of abode, within three days thereafter, a written notice of his elec-
tion, and the person so notified, shall, within ten days of the time
of receiving such notification, take an oath, or affirmative, to sup-
port the constitution of the United States, and of this State, and
also take an oath of office.

Sec 4. The mayor,. recorder, and trustees,, shall be a body cor-
porate and politic, with perpetual succession by the name of the
"Town of Jefi^ersonville ;" shall be capable of acquiring and hold-
real and personal property ; may sell and convey the same ; may
have a common seal, and may alter the same ; may sue and be

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 663

sued ; plead and be impleaded ; answer and be answered unto ; in
any court of equity, in this state or elsewhere ; and when any suit
is commenced against the corporation, the first process shall be a
summons, an attested copy of which shall be left witli the recorder
at least ten days before the term thereof.

Sec. 5. That the mayor, recorder, and majority of trustees, shall
have the power to make such by-laws, ordinances and regulations
for the health and convenience of said town, as they deem advis-
able ; provided, the same be not inconsistent with the constitution
of the United States and of this State ; and they shall have power
to fill all vacancies caused by death, removal or otherwise ; to ap-
point a treasurer, town marshal, and such other toAvn officers as
they may deem necessary ; to prescribe their general duties, and to
require such security as they may deem necessary to secure the
faithful performance of those duties ; to remove at pleasure ; to
fix and establish the fees of officers not established by this act.

Sec. 6. ' The mayor shall be a conservator of the peace within
the limits of said corporation, and shall have the jurisdiction of
justice of the peace, in criminal and civil cases, and shall have the
same fees as justices of the peace are entitled to for similar ser-
vices; he shall give bond and security, as is required of justices of
the peace, and an appeal may be taken from the decision of the
mayor to the court of common pleas, in the same manner as appeals
are taken from the decision of justices of the peace.

Sec. 7. It shall be the duty of the recorder to keep a true • rec-
ord of the proceedings of the town council, which record shall at
all times be open for the inspection of the electors of said town,
and the recorder shall preside at all meetings of the corporation,
in the absence of the mayor, and shall perform such other duties
as may be required of him by the b3^-laws and ordinances of said
corporation.

Sec 8. The town council shall have power to levy annually a
tax for corporation purposes on the property within the limits of
said town, returned on the grand levy made subject to taxation by
the laws of this state ; provided, that tax shall not exceed in any
one year three mills on the dollar; and the recorder shall make a
duplicate thereof, charging each individual an amount of tax in
proportion to his property as assessed in the grand levy of taxa-
tion, which said duplicate shall be certified and signed by the mayor
and recorder, and delivered to the marshal, who shall proceed to

664 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

collect the same in the same manner and under the same regula-
tions as county treasurers are required by law to collect county and
state taxes ; and said marshal shall, as soon as such tax is collected,
pay the same over ,to the treasurer of the corporation.

Sec. 9. That said town council may appropriate any money in
the treasury for the improvement of the streets and side walks, or
other improvements, and may have the use of tlte jail of the coun-
ty for the imprisonment of persons liable to imprisonment ; and all
persons so imprisoned shall be under the care of the sheriff, as in
other cases.

Sec. 10. That the mayor and common council to require by or-
dinance every able bodied male person above the age of twenty-
one years, resident within said town, to perform labor on the
streets and alleys of the same not exceeding two days in any one
year, and which shall be in lieu of two days labor required under
the present laws regulating roads and highways ; and upon refusal
to perform such work under the proper supervision, the delinquent
shall be liable to the same penalties as are provided by law against
persons refusing to perform the two days labor required in said law ;
they shall also have the exclusive right of forming the road dis-
tricts, within the limits of said corporation, and the appointment
of suitable supervisors for such district when formed, who shall be
governed in the performance of their duties by the by-laws of said
corporation ; and all road taxes charged on the county duplicate on
property within the limits of said town, shall be worked out under
the direction of the proper supervisors, within said town, as the
said town authorities may, by resolution, designate and point out ;
and all taxes charged for road purposes aforesaid, on property
within the limits of said town, and collected by the county treas-
urer, shall be paid into the hands of the town treasurer aforesaid,
to be specially appropriated by the mayor and common council to
road purposes within said town.

C. Anthony,

Speaker of the House of Representatives.

George J. Smith,

Speaker of the Senate.
March 17, 1838.

I, Jacob Creamer, recorder of the corporation of the town of
Jeftersonville, Fayette County, Ohio, do certify the foregoing to be
a true copy of the charter of said town.

Given under my h^wd this 16th day of April, A. D. 1845.

Jacob Creamer, Town Recorder.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 665

EARLY ORDINANCES.

We give extracts of some of tlie ordinances by the village coun-
cil. It appears that the ordinances were copied into the record some
years after their passage, and not in their regular order. Thus
the first ordinance (recorded page 5) was passed April 14, 1845, while
an ordinance recorded on page 6 was passed April 26, 1838 :

April 26, 1838. That if any person or persons shall run a horse
or horses in any of the streets or alleys within the limits of said
town, they shall, on conviction, be fined in any sum not more than
five dollars nor less than one dollar, at the discretion of the mayor.

June 15, 1838, it was ordained that the council shall meet on
the first Monday of March, annually, to settle with the difl:erent
oflicers of the corporation, for which they shall receive .an order on
the treasurer, attested by the recorder, for the amount allowed by
the council; to be paid out of any moneys in the treasury except
road funds.

June 15, 1838. The council passed an ordinance creating the of-
fice of supervisor, and defining his duties.

September 3, 1838. That every person wishing to exhibit a
show, shall pay a license not less than fifty cents nor more than
ten dollars. Any person exhibiting a show without complying
with the above act shall be fined in a sum not less than two nor
more than twenty dollars.

April 17, 1839. That the marshal shall be entitled, as constable
aiid for collecting any tax that may be levied by the council, the
same fees as county treasurers are allowed for similar services.
The supervisor shall be entitled to the same fees as township sup-
ervisors ; this applies also to town treasurer. The mayor, recorder,
and trustees, shall be entitled to seventy-five cents per day necessa-
rily employed in all business enjoined on them by the act incor-
porating said town, not otherwise provided for. *

April 14, 1845. Be it ordained, etc., that all ordinances, resolu-
tions and by-laws of said town be: "Be it ordained, or Be it re-
solved by tiie council of the town of Jefi:ersonville."

An ordinance passed on the same date, provided that all ordi-
nances, etc., passed by said council be posted up in some public
place in said town by the recorder, within ten days after passage.

April 14, 1845. That the sidewalks on the streets shall be nine
46

666 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

feet wide, and the ditches four inches from the edge of the side-
walks on a gradual descent from the sidewalk, thence on a grad-
ual ascent to the center of the street.

April 14, 1845. That if any person owning or having the charge
of any living property, and it dies within the town limits, or any
other nuisance so as to cause an odious smell, shall remove the
same outside the city limits of said town. Failing to remove after
being notified by any citizen, he shall be liable to the marshal for
all expenses incurred by such removal, and pay a fine of not less
than twelve and a half cents nor more than one dollar, at the dis-
cretion of the mayor.

April 14, 1845. That any person setting up any grocery for the
purpose of retailing spirituous liquors, or any person selling by the
dram or less quantity than one quart (except for medicinal pur-
poses) shall be fined in any sum not more than five dollars nor less
than one dollar for each ofi'ense.

Ordinances were passed April 14, 1845, creating the office and
defining the duties of the town marshal, regulating the duties of
the mayor, providing for the better preservation of the streets, alleys
and sidewalks of the town; for the better regulation of hogs.

On the 28th of August, 1852, ordinances took effect to prohibit
the sale of intoxicating liquors within the town limits ; to prevent
certain immoral conduct ; to prohibit places of significant or hab-
itual resort for tippling and intemperance ; prescribing certain du-
ties and powers of the marshal.

The council ordained, 1852, that there shall be levied for corpor-
ation purposes for the year 1852, two mills on the dollar for every
dollar of the valuation of taxable property within the corporation
limits. The same year it was ordained that the council shall have
power to appoint some suitable person to keep and sell spirituous
liquors for medicinal and mechanical purposes.

December 13, 1864. Passed an ordinance requiring owners on
Main Street to construct sidewalks, to provide for street and alley
crossings.

An ordinance regulating the sale of goods and merchandise at
auction, was passed August 13, 1870.

November 8, 1879. That hereafter all places where intoxicating
liquors are sold shall be closed at nine p. m. of each day and re-
main closed until six a. m. Any person failing to comply with the
provisions of this ordinance shall be fined in any sura not less than
ten dollars, nor more than fifty dollars.

/ JEFFERSCN TOWNSHIP. 667

The corpoi-artion limits were enlarged April 9, 1880, by the an-
nexation of the following described territory. Beginning at a tack
in the center of the bridge over Sugar Creek, on the JefFersonville
and Charleston Pike, N. 36° W., 137 feet from a point in the old
corporation line in the centre of said pike (now street,) thence N. 48°
34' E., crossing the line between Clausing aud Howard at 504 feet,
823 feet to a tack in the top of the middle cap of the Springfield
Southern railroad bridge over Sugar Creek. Thence 63° 23' E.,
728 feet to a stake in the east side of the Midway pike. Thence
I^: 82° 45^ E., 986J feet to a stake on the lands of said Howard and
a corner to Howard's addition to Jeffersonville. Thence S. 7° 15'
W., 785| feet to a stake in the line between Howard and Fent and
Creamer, Thence S. 88° 47' E., 710 feet to a stake in a line of
said Howard, and a corner to said Fent and Creamer and L. Janes,
known as the Linn corner. Thence S. 2° W,, 1570 feet to a stake in
the center of the State road and a corner to said Janes and Fent
and Creamer. Thence K, 89° 5' W., 410 feet to a stake in the cen-
ter of said State road at its intersection with the Plymouth road.
Thence with the center of said Plymouth road S. 48° W., 394 feet,
to a stake in the center of said road. Thence N. 89° 58^ West,
through the lands of George Janes, crossing Sugar Creek at 1191
feet the center of the C, J. & Mt. Sterling railroad, at 1573 feet, the
line between Janes and Mrs. E. W. Terrell, at 1591 feet, the corner
to Mrs. Terrell and the school house lot at 2256 feet, 2531 feet to a
stone, corner to George Jones and the school house lot. Thence
ISI". 6° 47^ W., crossing the center of the Jamestown Pike at 429 feet
the line between Dr. L. A. Elster and William Bruce at 609 feet,
1524 feet to a stake on the lands of said Bruce. Thence N. 46° E.,
crossing the line between said Bruce and P. Thompson at 70 feet,
549 feet to the beginning.

The foreo-oino^ ordinances are taken from the "Ordinance Book"
of the town council. Many of the early measures have been re-
pealed by the passage of similar acts.

THE OUTLOOK.

The outlook for the future of the now thriving little city is flat-
tering. Aside from the already completed railroad, there is a fair
prospect for the construction of another road from Columbus, Ohio,
to Maysville, Kentucky, crossing the Springfield Southern at this

668 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

point. The town has verily awakened from her lethargy, and to-
day she can lay claim to superior shipping facilities. We see no
reason why Jeffersonville should not continue to thrive. In the
fall, the handling of grain alone, at the elevator and mill, will hring
lively times. The following is the result of a research for the va-
rious kinds of traffic carried on :

Three dry-goods stores, five groceries, one shoe store, one gro-
cery and general hardware store, two barber shops, two blacksmith
shops, two drug stores, four saloons, one harness shop, one meat
and provision store, two hotels, one furniture store and undertaker,
one carriage and wagon shop, one lawyer, three physicians, one
gunsmith, two grain dealers, one coal dealer, one bakery, two mil-
liners, three carpenters and builders, one grist and saw-mill, one
steam grain elevator, one livery stable, one tin shop, one printing
office, one plasterer, one painter, one bricklayer, two shoe shops,
two tailors, one Masonic and one Odd-fellows lodge, one township
house, three churches, and a good school house.

• PLEASANT VIEW.

Pleasant View, a little hamlet containing about fifty houses, is
located on the Jamestown and Jeffersonville Pike, about four miles
from the village.

In December, 1875, James Flax conceived the idea of establish-
ing a trading point for the benefit of the surrounding country,
opened a store, and kept a general country stock. About two
years ago a steam saw-mill was erected, and proved successful from
the start. A number of new houses have since been erected, and
the settlement bids fair to increase steadily.

BUSINESS INTERESTS.

The business interest is represented as follows : General store, S.
Ryan ; blacksmith shop, Thomas Scott; physician. Dr. Jesse Limes ;
saw-mill, S. C. Jeffries; attorney-at-law and justice of the peace,
James Flax.

A grocery and dry-goods store was destroyed by fire recently,
and has not been rebuilt.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 669

Spiritual instruction is otfered through tlie medium of two hand-
some church ediiices.

The youth are instructed in the common branches in a substan-
tial, one-story brick school house.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

ABEL ARMSTRONG.

Abel Armstrong, farmer, is a son of John and Elizabeth Arm-
strong, natives of Virginia. He came to Ohio in 1814; she when
a little girh They had a family of twelve children, nine of whom
reached maturity. Our subject, the eighth, was born March 11,
1830. The parents died in this county; the father, February 9,
1865, aged nearly seventy -five years, and the mother August 10,
1842.

Our subject was married to Miss Emil}' Creamer,daughter of J.B.
Creamer, whose biography appears in this work. They had a fam-
ily of seven children : ISTancy J., Joseph B., George A., Rhoda E.,
Iva M., Almeda, and Charlie E. Nancy J., Rhoda E., and Almeda,
are deceased.

Mr. Armstrong has a farm of one hundred and forty-four acres,
well improved, situated three miles south of Jeftersonville. Mrs.
Armstrong has fifty-eight and three-quarter acres two miles south-
east of Jeftersonville. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity
of Jeftersonville. Is also a member of the Methodist Episcopal,
and his wife of the Methodist Protestant Church. They are good
citizens, and respected neighbors. Mrs. Armstrong's grandfather,
Parot, served in the revolutionary war, and also that of 1812.

ELIZABETH BEATTY.

Elizabeth (Hurless) Beatty, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth
(Geller) Hurless, who were married in October, 1825, in this county,
and reared a family of four children. He was previously married
to Barbara Coil, who bore him one child, and died December 16,
1820. Mr. Hurless died May 31, 1871. His second wife died Sep-
tember 9, 1858.

670 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

Our subject was married to William Beatt}^, March 7, 1861, who <
died at Nashville, Tennessee, June 29, 1863, while in the service of
the Union army. He was a member of Company C, 90th O. V. I.
They had but one child, William S., wlio is at home with his
mother. She has a home of ten acres, well improved, situated one
mile southwest of Jefforsonvillo, on which they live. She and her
son are highly respected people, and good citizens.

WILLIAM BLESSING.

William Blessing, farmer, is a son of Abram and Phoebe (Mock)
Blessing; was born in Greene County, March 26, 1827, and came
with his parents to this county, in 1847, where he married Miss
Mary J. Costello, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
March 23, 1853, who bore him four children: Electa V., Lucy J.,
Alice P., and Rachel II. Electa died at the age of seven years.

Mr. Blessing invented the first successful corn-planter of Ohio,
and is a genius who can make anything with tools. He has a farm
of three hundred acres, well improved, situated two miles north of
Jeiiersonville, on the liarrold pike, where he lives. His father was
born in Virginia, in 1801; came to Ohio in 1808; lived in Greene
County until he. came here, and was married there. Mrs. Blessing
was born in Greene County, in 1802. There were nine children of
the famil}', our subject being the second. The parents are exem-
plary members of the Methodist Protestant Church.

HENRY BLESSING.

Henry Blessing, farmer, is a son of Abram Blessing, and was
born in Greene County, June 8, 1836. He came to this county with
his parents, in 1847, and still lives on a part of the large tract of
land his father bought on coming here. He was married, June 28,
1829, to Miss Mary Huffman, daughter of Samuel Huffman. Four
children are the result of this union: Horace M., Abram G.,
Georgiana, and Samuel H. All are living, and none married.

Mr. Blessing has a farm of three hundred and sixty-five acres,
well improved, on which he lives ; also forty-seven acres in Ross
Township, Greene County, and farms to grain and stock. He for-
merly made a specialty of hogs. He has been successful, regard-
less of losing a great many hogs by cholera, and the loss of seven-

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 671

teen tlionsand and ninety dollars b}- the failure of J. B. McYey &
Co., bankers, in Philadelphia, in 1872.

The Blessing family is wholly Republican, with the exception of
one member. When a young man, our subject, after attaining a
common school education, taught two years, then went to Antioch
College two years, and then returned to the farm.

ABRAHAM BOOCO.

Abraham Booco, farmer, is a native of Virginia, and came with
his parents, when about two years of age, to Ohio. The parents
afterward went to Indiana, where the mother died, and where the
father still lives, at the age of ninety years. Our subject's grand-
father, Abram, came to the United States from Germany during
the Revolutionary War, fought through the war, and died in Ross
County, Ohio.

Our subject was born September 6, 1822, and was married Feb-
ruary 27, 1848, to Miss Angeline Garinger, who bore him four chil-
dren : Ira D., Isaac S., Albert B., and Cyrena — all living, and all
married, save Ira, who is at home.

When about seventeen years of age, Mr. Booco left his father's
house, and settled in Wayne Township, this county, without a cent,
and began working by the month on a farm, and during the winter
seasons would drive stock to Virginia. He was married at twenty-
six years of age, and his father-in-law gave him one hundred and
twenty-one acres of land in the woods, which was his start. He
has since made money rapidly, and had about one thousand acres
of land in this county before he divided among his children. He
has yet one hundred and seventy-one and a half acres, well im-
proved, situated three miles southwest of Jeflersonville. Ira has
two hundred and seventy-seven and a half acres of land adjoining
him on the east. In 1875 he began business for himself on a capi-
tal of ten thousand dollars, and is now worth at least twenty thou-
sand. He makes his money invested in land, stock, etc., yield him
ten per cent. He deals largely in cattle, and has a tile factory of a
capacity of three thousand dollars annually, yet owing to other busi-
ness, does only about eight hundred dollars. He began the tile
business in 1865, with his father, on Paint Creek, where they built
the third tile factory of this county.

672 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

JOSEPH BROWNING.

Joseph Browning is a native of Shefliekl, England. He" was
born May 25, 1828, and came with his parents, Benjamin Band
and Mary (Stubbing) Browning, to America in 1836, located in
New York, remained a few weeks, then came to Clarke Conuty,
Ohio, where the father bought a farm near Platsburg, which is yet
known as the Browning farm, where the parents died. August 8th,
1867, he was missed iu his church and community, as he was a
noble man whose house was always open to the needy. He lived
an exemplary life, and died triumphantly in the faith of the Baptist
Church.

Mr. Browning was twice married; first, to our subject's mother,
who bore him eight children, and died triumphantly and happy,
November 14th, 1865. She was a kind and tender-hearted moth-
er, and a beloved sister in the church.

Our subject was twice married. First, to Miss Susan Hagler,
daughter of Isaac Hagler, December 22, 1853, and who died Feb-
ruary 15, 1872, aged about forty-three years. He then married
Mrs. Elizabeth (Collette) McCoy, February 19, 1874. Two chil-
dren are the result of this union : Fannie S., born June 11, 1865;
and John N., born February 17, 1878. Mrs. Browning's first mar-
riage was celebrated with John McCoy, March 26, 1868; who died
August 1, 1872, aged forty-three years. They had one child,
Charles C, born December 20, 1869.

Mr. Browning has a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, situa-
ted four and one half miles northwest of Washington, nicely
arranged for stock raising. None of the family of five sons, or
Mr. Browning, sr., ever used tobacco or intoxicants.

RUTH CALHOON.

Mrs. Ruth A. (Corbitt-Ivinkaid) Calhoon, Jefferson ville, is a
daughter of Samuel and Catherine, who were married in this county
a few years after they came here.

Mr. Calhoon came here, about 1811, from Virginia ; she from
Pennsylvania. They had a family of five chiklren ; four are
living.

Our subject was born, and twice married in this county; first to

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 673

John L. Kiiikaid, in 1852. By this marriage she had one child,
Ella, who married Elijah Allen, January, 1875, and has one child,
Florence.

Mr. Kinkaid died, in 1874, aged thirty-one years. lie was a
marble cutter by trade, a member of the Masonic fraternity of
Jeffersonville, Indiana.

Our subject then married David Calhoon, March, 1876 ; one child,
Irene, is the result of this union. Mrs. Calhoon has a farm of one
hundred acres, situated two miles west of Jeffersonville. She, Ella,
and Mr. Allen, are members of the Universalist Church of Jeffer-
sonville.

MRS. MARY CARR.

Mrs. Mary (Lorh) Carr, Jeffersonville, is a daughter of Michael
and Catharine (Miller) Lorh. Her father died in- Virginia in 1819.
Mrs. Lorh then married Samuel Messmore, of Virginia, about
1822. In 1823 they came to Ohio, and located in Madison County,
where Mr. Messmore died. The mother died at our subject's
house, in 1865, aged seventy -two years.

Our subject was married, October 30, 1843, in Madison County,
to Michael, son of Michael and Mary Carr, by which marriage she
had a family of nine children : Susan, Mary, Clara, Samuel H.,
Margaret, Albert, Amanda, John W., and Clarence I. All are
living, and all married, except Florence, who is at home with her
mother.

Mr. Carr was an exemplary member of the Christian Church, a
kind husband and indulgent father. He died triumphantly, June
19, 1870, in the fifty-ninth year of his age. Mrs. Carr and all the
children — except two — are members of the same church, John
joined the Methodist Church after his marriage, and Amanda uni-
ted with the Episcopal Church after her marriage.

Mr. Carr had a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, where Mrs.
Carr now lives, and twelve acres in Paint Township. This land
has been divided among the children since Mr. Carr's death.

Samuel served two years in Company C, 90th O. V. I., and lost
one arm in the service of his beloved country. Mr. Carr set an
example of temperance before his family, and it has been followed
strictly.

674 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

HENRY CLANSING.

' Henry Clunsiiig, boot and shoe maker, Jeffersoiiville, is a native
of Germany, born August, 1836, where he was reared, educated
and learned his trade. Pie came to the United States, in 1860, and
located in Cincinnati where he remained one year, then came to
this place where he married Miss Joanna Roth, September 16, 1865 ;
two children is the result of this union : Louis H. and John G.,
both living.

Mr. Clausing served two and a half years in the late war, in
Company K, 20th 0. V. I. At the siege of Vicksburg, he received
a severe wound : a ball entering his mouth, knocking out teeth,
and passing out at the back of his head just below the brain.
When he came to the United States he had only about $15.00; by
industry and good management however, he has bought a good
house, in which he now lives, and a large store room and shop.
His wife has nine acres of land on the corporation line of this
village. Mr. Clansiug is a good workman and a respected citizen.

SAMUEL COCKERILL.

Samuel Cockerill, farmer, Jeft'ersonville, son of Thomas G.
Cockerill, of this county, was born June 12, 1850. October 1,
1874, he was married to Miss Alice Craig, of this county. Two
children are the result of this union : Lillie M., and Thomas E.

Mr. Cockerill has a farm of ninety-three and three-fourth acres,
well improved, situated two miles west of Jefferson ville. He is a
member of Wilstach Lodge No. 368, L O. O. F. He and his wife
are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They are high-
ly respected citizens, and good neighbors.

JOHN COIL.

John Coil, farmer, Jeffersonville, born May 13, 1817, is a son of
John and Mary (House) Coil. Was married, February 22, 1844,
to Miss Mary Smith, daughter of Jeremiah Smith, of Paint Town-
ship, this county. Seven children are the result of this union :
Samuel, Mary J., Levi, Cyrus, Erbin, John, and Smith. The three
eldest are deceased. Erbin married Miss Emma Flood, John mar-

f JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. G75

riecl Miss Anna Matthews; the others yet remain single. Mr.
and Mrs. Coil are members of the Methodist Protestant Church.
He has a farm of one hundred and fifty-three acres, well imprpved,
situated one and one-fourth miles southwest of Jeftersonville ; also,
one hundred and fifty acres in Jasper Township. During the life
of the Whig party, Mr. Coil affiliated with it, but has since voted
for the man of his choice, regardless of party. His familj^ is one
of the most highly respected in the township.

PETER J. COREY.

Peter J. Corey, farmer, Edgefield, is a native of this county, and
is a son of James and Rebecca (Sperry) Corey, both of whom were
natives of Virginia. When quite young they came to Ross County,
Ohio, where they were married about 1820, soon after which they
removed to this county. They had a family of nine children, our
subject being the seventh.

jSTovember 1, 1855, our subject was married to Miss Rachel,
daughter of David and Margaret Sherwood, of Delaware County,
Ohio. She bore him thirteen children : Gemima, John, Sperry J.,
Abram, Sallie Ann, Isaac, and David, are living ; Edith, Maggie,
Samuel, Joseph, Jessie, and one infant, are deceased. Samuel,
Joseph, and Jessie, died in February, 1881.

Mr. Corey has a farm of one hundred and sixty-six acres, well
improved, situated on the Washington and Jamestown pike, twelve
miles west of Washington. Himself, wife, and ancestors, were
members of the Baptist Church. Both of his grandfathers were
ministers in that church. Mr. Corey engaged in chasing the no-
torious Morgan during his raid through Ohio. Is a good citizen
and respected neighbor.

PHILIP CREAMER.

Philip Creamer, farmer, Jefi!ersonville, son of Michael Creamer,
was born in this township, November 8, 1812. In April, 1849, he
was married to Miss Margaret Morrison, daughter of David Mor-
rison. They have a family of eight children : Martha 0., Mary J.,
Libbie A., Louisa J., Rachel E., James M., Samuel M., and David
M. The daughters are all married.

Mr. Creamer has a farm of one hundred and fourteen acres.

676 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

well improved, situated about a mile west of Jeftersonville. Him-
self, wife, and three of the daughters, are exemplary members of
the Methodist Protestant Church, which the two elders joined some
twenty years since — being yet zealous in the faith. Mr. Creamer
has seen much of Fayette County's rapid improvements, and has
participated in making many of them. When he was a young
man there were no railroads or pikes, the school houses were log,
with puncheon floor and seats, the windows were made of greased
paper, pasted over a large crack in the wall, made by cutting away
half of a log. All these have given place to more comfortable
and modern-built structures.

GEORGE H. CREAMER.

George H. Creamer, house painter and farmer, Jeftersonville, is
a son of David Creamer, a native of Virginia, who came to Ohio
in 1814, where he died January 21, 1875, aged sixty-eight years
and two months. He married Miss Eleanor Duncan, who bore
him four children, our subject (born May 30, 1840) being the young-
est. The family were all born in Highland County, and came to
this county about 1842. Mrs. Creamer died May 14, 1880.

The subject of this sketch was twice married. February 20,
1873, he was united to Miss Mary Sanderson, daughter of Joseph
Sanderson. She bore him" one child, John D. Mrs. Creamer died
February 5, 1876, aged twenty -four years. On the 27th of Octo-
ber, 1878, he married Miss Sarah Porter, daughter of Aaron Por-
ter, of this county. By this marriage there is one child, Louis B.

Mr. Creamer enlisted, August 4, 1862, in Company C, 90th O.
V. L, and was discharged June 21, 1865. He has furnished for
this work a copy of a speech by Captain Noble, and one by Major
Kimble. He was a charter member of the I. 0. O. F., of Jefterson-
ville, and has held all the oflices of the subordinate lodge.

JOSEPH B. CREAMER.

Joseph B. Creamer, farmer, Jeftersonville, was born in Berkeley
County, Virginia, November 26, 1808. He came with his father,
George II., to Fayette County, this state, in 1814, located about
three miles southeast of Jeftersonville, where the father died,
about 1860, aged eighty-four years. The mother died in Virginia.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 677

Mr. Creamer was married to Miss Elizabeth Life, March 23, 1833.
They liad a family of seven children : Mary A., Emily, George C.
Louis, Nathan, Andrew R., and Urben; five living. George died,
ill 1861 ; Louis, in 1862, at Bowling Green, Kentucky, while in the
service of the late war. Mrs. Creamer died, in 1865, aged fifty-
three years, triumphantly in the faith of the Methodist Protestant
Church.' Mr. Creamer is a member of the same church : both join-
ed about 1842. He has held several of the church offices, and has
been delegate to annual conference several times, and is an exem-
jjlary and worthy member. He was elected county commissioner,
in 1843, and served six successive years. He has held the town-
ship offices of trustee, clerk and land appraiser, and has been con-
spicuously situated before the people of the county for years ;
though not an office seeker. He is well and favorably known, and
has many friends throughout the county. His son, Andrew R., is
a member of the Ohio Senate. Mr. Creamer was a prominent
Whig, and since the birth of the Republican party has voted that
ticket. He has a farm of fifty-five acres, well improved, situated
about one mile southwest of Jefl:ersonville. He formerly had three
hundred and thirty acres. He has divided all but the home farm
among his children.

CHRISTIAN C. CREAMER.

Christian C. Creamer, farmer, Jeifersonville, is a son of Michael
and Mary (Gray) Creamer ; was born and raised on the farm where
he now lives, August 4, 1818, and Avas twice married. First, to
Miss Rosanna Gray, April 9, 1840 ; one child is the result of this
marriage: "Westley M. Mrs. Creamer died, January 5, 1843, aged
twenty-seven years. He then married Miss Elizabeth Higbee ;
eleven children by this marriage : Rosanna, Mary A., Obedelia V.,
Kelson D., Samuel H., Albert J., Martha E., Sarah J., Alexis H.,
George and Charles C. Mary and Samuel are deceased.

Mr. and Mrs. Creamer and children are members of the Meth-
odist Protestant Church. Westley M. and N'elson J)., are in the
ministry. This family has stood prominently in the church for
years. Our subject's parents, and grandparents, were prominent
members of the church.

Mr. Creamer has a farm, of three hundred acres, well improved,
situated about eight miles northwest of Washington, which is a

678 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

part of the large tract of laud formerly owned by his father, who
came to this state, in 1800, located in Ross County, near the mouth
of Twin Creek ; remained but a short time, then came to this county,
located on Sugar Creek, where he died, January 9, 1846, aged
sixty-four years. There were eleven children of this family, ten of
whom lived to be married aud have families; four are yet living.
Mrs. Creamer died. May 1, 1865, aged eighty-five years.

Our subject aud family are- members of the Patrons of Husband-
ry. O. V. and A. J. Creamer, are members of the Masonic fra-
ternity. O. V. Creamer is also a member of the Odd-fellows.
Westley M. Creamer served three years in the late war. Company
C, 90th 0. V. I., and received a wound at I^ashville by a cannon
ball.

L. D. CROW.

L. D. Crow, grocer, Jefl:ersonville, is a son of Ezekial and Ma-
linda (Bush, daughter of William) Crow. Mrs. Crow died, October
15, 1845. Mr. Crow was killed, in a railroad accident, near Paris,
Kentucky, November 27, 1862.

Our subject, being the second child, was born December 7, 1841,
and reared, educated, and twice married in this county. First, to
Miss Sarah McKillip, daughter of John McKillip, February 25, 1864 ;
two children are the result of this union : Bertha and Lizzie. Mrs.
Crow died, February 17, 1869. He then married Miss Susanna
Wood, daughter of Joel Wood, December 21, 1870 ; two children
by this marriage : Herman C, and one who died in infancy.

Mr. Crow served about eighteen months in Company K, 44th
0. V. I., and then re-enlisted in Company K, 8th 0. V. I. He
came home without a wound, though was in several heavy engage-
ments. He has served two terms as justice of the peace in this town-
ship, and several years as township trustee. He and wife are mem-
bers of the Christian Church.

JOHN DIVINS.

John Divins, farmer, is a son of Samuel and Mary (Depoy) Div-
ins, and was born in Ross County, Ohio, May 23, 1826. When but
a child, he came to this county with his parents, and has remained
here ever since, except about five years spent in Coles County, Illi-

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 679

nois. Ill that state he was married to Sarah E. Kohinson, Novem-
ber 3, 1850, who bore him four children : Jeremiah "W., Lidie May,
Mertie, and John. Mertie was born December 2, 18()7, and died at
the age of eight months.

Mr. Divins has a farm of one hundred and sixty-four acres, well
improved, situated one mile west of Jeffersonville, and on which
he resides. Fifty years ago, this land, now in a high state of culti-
vation, consisted of an impenetrable forest, and was presented to
the Hillsboro Academy, and conveyed to M. Boyglit, February 9,
1829.

Jeremiah, oldest son of our subject, was married to Maggie Iler-
rill, October 14, 1873. There were two children by this union :
Celestia D., and Vernon.

John C. Divins, the father of the subject of this sketch, and his
wife, were natives of Delaware. Both removed to this state, where
they died ; the former in Clinton County, the latter in Fayette.

SIMEON R. ESTEP.

Simeon R. Estep, farmer, is a son of Robert Estep, of this coun-
ty, a native of Pennsylvania, who came to this county about 1830,
and located near Bloomingburg, coming to this township in 1874.

Our subject was born in this county, October 29, 1856, where he
was reared and educated. He has been engaged in farming thus
far through life. Is a member of Jeffersonville Lodge No. 454, I.
O. 0. F., joining in 1879. He lives with his father, on the home-
stead farm of one hundred and sixty acres, situated three miles
west of Jeffersonville, on the Jamestown pike. They are highly
respected citizens, and good neighbors.

HEZEKIAH T. EVANS.

Hezekiah T. Evans, farmer, is a son of John V. Evans, of Greene
County, and was born March 10, 1842, in Berkeley County, Vir-
ginia. He came to Greene County, Ohio, in 1851 ; remained ther
till 1872, when he came to Fayette. He was married, February 6,
1868, to Miss JuHa A. Keplinger, of Kosciusko County, Indiana,
who bore him five children : Ulysses G., Anna M., John A., Flo-
retta F., and Blanche G., all living. Mrs. Evans died July 14, 1880.
She was a member of the Disciple Church.

*e

680 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Mr. Evans enlisted in Company A, 74th (). V. I., in 1863, and
served until the close of the war. lie has a farm of thirty acres,
situated near the northwest corner of this township, on which he
lives. Tie was elected trustee of the township in April, 1881, and
is a member of the church in which his wife died.

RICHARD FAWKES.

Richard Fawkes, blacksmith, JeiFersonville, is a native of Penn-
sylvania, and was born October 29, 1816. He came to Ohio in 1836,
and located at South Charleston, Clarke County, and remained
there until 1842, when became to .this place, where he has since
lived.

August 5, 1850, he was married to Miss Harriet Curry, of James-
town, Greene County, formerly of Jeffersonville. Their family
consisted of three children : Charles R., Clinton W., and Mary S.,
the latter dying at the early age of seven years and ten months.

Mr. Fawkes learned the blacksmith trade in Pennsylvania, and
worked at it about twenty -five years. He then engaged in the drug
business for about seven years; sold his store in February, 1880,
and has since lived a retired 'life, until quite recently he began
working at his trade again. He is a hale, hearty man, of a strong
constitution. Is a charter member of Jeffersonville Lodge No. 454,
I. O. O. F., and was formerly a member of Jamestown Lodge No.
181. He has witnessed much of Fayette County's rapid improve-
ment and growth, which Avas quite a wild place when he became
acquainted with it. The roads were very muddy almost half the
year, and there were no railroads. He has a good home and shop,
and eleven town lots in Jeffersonville.

GEORGE R. FENT.

George R. Fent, farmer, is a son of James Fent, and was born
in this county, August 21, 1833. He was married, April 14, 1864,
to Miss Mary F. Christopher, of Greene County, who has borne
him six children: Sarah E., Etta M., John D., Cora, Dellie, Dow S.,
all living save Dellie, who died at the earl}^ age ot seventeen mouths.

Mr. Fent has a half interest in eight hundred acres of land in
this township, where he Uves. He has voluntarily shunned being
elected to any township office, on account of duties at home.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 681

WILLIAM C. FENT.

William C. Feut, fiirmer, is a son of James Fent, and was born
in this township, October 26, 1829, where he was reared and edu-
cated. He was married in Greene County. June 19, 1858, to Miss
Margaret Christopher, a native of Tayette County, Pennsylvania,
who has borne him seven children: Charles, Josephine, Louis S.,
James C, Andrew J., Lucy, and Mary F., all living save Lucy, who
died at the early age of three years.

Mr. Fent taught school in winter and farmed in summer, when
a young man. For many years he has devoted his time wholly to
farming and trading, llis father gave him fifteen hundred dollars
as a start, and by industry and good management he has accumu-
lated property to the amount of ninety acres, one mile south of
Jeflersonville, twenty acres in the corporation of this village, and a
half interest in three hundred acres in this township. He paid
from forty to one hundred dollars per acre for his land. He is a
liberal contributor to churches, a good neighbor, and a highly re-
spected citizen.

JOHN B. FENT.

John B. Fent, grocer, Jefferson ville, is a sou of James Fent, who
came from Tennessee to this township about 1814, where he has
since lived, and was married to Anna B. Creamer in 1822. He was
engaged in farming until 1877, when he came to Jeftersonville to
live, retired from active business in his declining years. Mrs. Fent
died December 3, 1876, aged seventy-two years. They had eight
children, seven of whom survive.

Our subject, the youngest of the family, was born May 21, 1845.
He was married to Miss Deborah A. Creamer, daughter of Philip
Creamer, December 31, 1868. He served one hundred days in Com-
pany D, 168th 0. X. G. Has held the office of trustee of this town-
ship four years. Is a member of Jeftersonville Lodge Xo. 468, F.
& A. M. His wife and mother were members of the Methodist
Protestant Church.

. Our subject was reared and lived on a farm until 1877, when he
engaged in the grocery business here, and has been successful. He
has a nice residence in town, and ten acres planted in trees one mile
and a half southwest of town.

682 HISTOKY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

JAMES P. FENT.

James P. Fent, farmer, Jeifersonville, is a son of James and
Anna Fent, natives of this county, and he was born June 20, 1838.
He was married to Rachel S^iiith, daughter of Samuel Smith,
March 18, 1866, and is a member of one of the pioneer families of
the county. He enlisted in the Union army. Company C, 90th O.
V. I., August 8, 1862, serving until his discharge, which occurred,
June, 1865, and made a good record. He has a farm containing
one hundred and sixty acres, situated one and one-half miles, south
of Jeffersonville. He and his wife are members of the Meth-
odist Protestant Church. He is township trustee, having been
elected April 4, 1881, and is a farmer and stock dealer, a highly
respected citizen and a good neighbor.

JOHN FULTS.

John Fults, farmer and tile maker, Washington, was born
in this county, April 8, 1826, where he was reared, educated and
married to Miss A. A. Bush, November, 1816 ; they had thirteen
children by this marriage : John W., Simon P., Mary F., Martha
J., Jacob H., Labias 0., Ozias E., Jasper A., Clara A., Iva A., Etta,
Rosa and Lizzie. John, Simon and Martha are deceased.

Mr. Fults has a farm of one hundred and fifty acres, well im-
proved, on which he lives ; and has a tile manufactory, situated
about eight miles, northwest of Washington. Mrs. Fults and
seven of the children are members of the Methodist Protestant
Church. Mr. Fults is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, and
a well and favorably known citizen. His parents, Peter and Fran-
cis (Rankins) Fults, died in this county; he in 1863, aged seventy-
five years, she in 1852, aged fifty years. He came from Virginia,
in 1800, located in Ross County, and remained until 1816, then
came to this county. He helped to build the first houses of Wash-
ington. He was twice married ; first, to Miss Carr, who died sev-
eral years before our subject's birth.

JOHN F. GREGG.

John F. Gregg, farmer, Jettersonville, is a son of James Gregg,

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 683

a native of Kentucky, who came to this state, when a young man,
and located in Hamilton County, where he married Miss Nancy
McGorime, the mother of our suhject. They remained in the county
just mentioned several years, then removed to Rush County, In-
diana, where he died, in 1828, aged thirty-eight years. After
her husband's death, Mrs. Gregg returned to Hamilton County,
where she died, in 1870, aged seventy years. The family consisted
of seven children ; John being the second, and was born in Ham-
ilton County, September 27, 1816. He came to this county, in
October, 1843, and has lived in this township ever since. He was
married, September 20, 1841, in Warren County, to Mary J. Ligget,
who bore him nine children : Mary, Jane, Ace, Lot, Ann, Cos,
]!^ay, Nye and Pope ; Jane, Lot and Ann are deceased. Ace and
Nye graduated at Ann Arbor ; the latter is at present one of the
common pleas judges of this district. The others are on the
home farm, which consists of one hundred and ninety acres, well
improved, situated on Paint Creek, three miles northeast of Jef-
fersonville. He has lived on this farm about twenty-seven years,
and devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits with satisfactory
results. Mrs. Gregg and four of the children are members of the
Universalist Church at Jetfersonville. This family is well and fav-
orably known, and can count many true friends. Excepting Mr.
Gregg, who has several times voted with tlie Greenback party, the
family has Republican proclivities.

JESSE HAGLER.

Jesse Hagler, farmer, Washington, is a son of Isaac and Susan
(Stookey) Hagler, who were natives of Hardy County, Virginia,
and came to Ross County, this state, in 1814, where they were mar-
ried in the same year. Came to this county, in 1815, and located
seven miles northwest of Washington, where Mr. Hagler died,
July 10, 1880, and where Mrs. Hagler lives with our subject. He
had a farm of four hundred and thirty acres, Avhicli was the result
of his industry and economy. There were eight children of the
family, our subject being the iifth; three yet survive.

Our subject was born October 22, 1823, and was married, May 1,
1864, to Miss Angehne Rodgers, daughter of Hamilton, who was
a pioneer of this county. He has a family of three children : Ho-
ward, Gertrude and Roy ; all living. Mrs. Hagler died September
27, 1874, and was born June 25, 1840.

684 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

He has a farm of live hundred and fifty acres where he lives, and
one hundred and fifty acres adjoining with it; also, three hundred
and eighteen acres about one-half mile east of Jeffersonville. He
is one of the first members of the Patrons of Husbandry of this
county.

JOAB HARPER.

Joab Harper, minister, Jeffersonville, is a son of John and Mary
(Parrett) Harper, and was born, August 25, 1817, in this township.
When nineteen years of age, he went to Paint Township, in 1877,
and then returned to this, where he has since lived. He married
Miss Elizabeth Bloomer, April 20, 1839, who bore him ten children ;
James, Lottie J., John W., Louis H., Robert L., Joseph G., Mary,
ITancy E., Alice B. and Ida May ; five are living. Mrs. Harper
died, March 31, 1877, at the age of fifty-three years, and was an
exemplary member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which she
joined when a girl, and died triumphantly.

Mr. Harper has been actively engaged in church services since
1859. He has held the offices of class-leader and steward, since
shortly after he joined the church, and has been in the ministry
since 1875. He was an exception of a boy; never quarreled in
school, nor has he quarreled with any man since maturity. His
parents were members of the Presbyterian Church.

Our subject is a firm temperance man, and was a member of the
Patrons of Husbandry ; but after his society surrendered its char-
ter, he has not joined another. He had a farm of one hundred
acres, situated about five miles east of Jeffersonville ; but lost it in
going security for a friend who failed to meet his obligations. His
son, John W., served three years in the late war. Company C, 90th
0. V. I. He now lives in Wabash County, Indiana. Robert L.,
is a prominent stock dealer in Kansas City, Missouri. Joseph G.,
IS'ancy E. and Alice B., live in this state.

WILLIS HAYS.

Willis Hays, farmer, Jeffersonville, is a son of John, who came
to this county, from near Cynthiana, Kentucky, in the fall of 1806.
He was married, in 1808, to Miss Mary Parrett, who died Septem-
ber, 1821; she bore him two children: William and John J.; Wil-

Jefferson township. 685

liani is deceased. He married Miss Catherine Webrigh, in 1823,
onr subject's mother. Mr. Hays was one this county's early pio-
neers. He enlisted as a captain in the war of 1812, and served dur-
ing the entire war. He lived to be ninety-nine years of age, and
was a large and strong man.

Our subject was born, in Paint Township, this county, July 15,
1827, where he was reared, educated, and married Miss Margery
J. Janes, daughter of William Janes, April 20, 1854 ; eleven chil-
dren are the result of this union : Amy, Ann, George L., Catherine,
Lucy, Laura, Ellen, Grant, Noah, Callie and Jessie.

Mr. Hays has a farm, of iive hundred and live acres, situated
about one and one-half miles, east of Jetfersonville, on the Wash-
ington pike. He farms to both grain and stock, and is very suc-
cessful. He is a well and favorably known bitizen, who has many
friends throughout his acquaintances.

JOSHUA O. HEIRONIMUS.

Joshua G. Heironimus, farmer, is a native of Virginia. He came
to Fayette County in the fall of 1854, and located on Paint Creek,
in the Hida neighborhood, and has since lived in this county. He
was born February 18, 1833, and married to Phcebe Hutchinson
in October, 1855. He had, when he came here, a sum of mouej
equal to about three hundred and fifty dollars, but was taken sick,
and confined to his bed till the money was gone, and he in debt.
By industry and good management he has accumulated enough to
purchase a good farm of one hundred and fifty acres, in an excel-
lent condition, situated on the north line of this county, a portion
being in Madison County. The Fayette County portion is in the
Washington surve}', sold by Washington to Mr. Thomas.

Our subject has a family of ten children : John, Laura, Joshua,
Yallandigham, Emma, Walter, James, Forest, Dean, and George,
all living.

Having paid close attention to his affairs, he has been quite suc-
cessful, dealing largely in hogs. He is a good neighbor, and model
citizen.

Laura was married September 5, 1875, to William S. Ervin, of
this county.

Our subject's parents were John and Elizabeth (Cbe) Heironimus.
The mother di^d in August, 1845, aged about thirty-five years, and

686 HISTORY OF t^AYETTE COUNTt.

the father is still living at the advanced age of ninety-three years.
They had a family of three children, John being the second. The
father was married to Elizabeth JSTull prior to his marriage to our
subject's mother. The third wife was Susan Mauzy, who died in
1860. The first wife bore him two children, the second none. The
last two wives were members of the Baptist Church.

HENRY L. HIRE.

Henry L. Hire, farmer and stock dealer, is a son of Jackson Hire,
a native of this county, and Ann (Ivesler-Hines) Hire, a native of
Virginia. They were married in this county about 1846, and had
a family of two children — Henry and Sarah. Sarah died Decem-
ber 23, 1869. He came to this township in 1840, and bought one
hundred acres of land, where our subject now lives, on which the
old "Douglass Mill" was built in an early day, paying ten dollars
per acre for it, which is now worth at least seventy-five. He died,
March 22, 1875. He and his wife were members of the Christian
Church.

Mrs. Hire was previously married to Henry Hines. They had
two children.

Our subject was born in this township, JSTovember 6, 1849, and
was reared on the farm where he now lives. He was married, Feb-
ruary 14, 1869, to Miss Angle Brock, of Madison County, daughter
of Jackson and Sarah (Little) Brock. He has a farm of one hun-
dred and ninety -five acres where he lives, three miles northwest of
Jeffersonville, and one hundred and fifty-seven acres half a mile
north of his residence. Farms to both grain and stock, and deals
rather largely in Poland-China hogs. His hogs have taken first
premium at the leading fairs, including the Ohio State Fair, Tri-
State Fair of Toledo, Hamilton, and Northern and Southern Ohio
fairs. He has sold his stock in several states, for breeding. He
also raises the Merino sheep, and deals only in good stock.

DAVID HORNEY.

David Homey, farmer, is a son of Daniel and Margaret (Cala-
way) Horney, natives of North CaroUna, who came to Greene
County, Ohio, at a very early date, and remained there until after
their marriage, coming to Fayette County about 1808, and locating

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 687

half a mile nortli of Jetfersonville, where our subject was born,
October 19, 1832, and now lives, and has a farm of one hundred
and seventy-seven acres, a part of six hundred acres owned by his
father, who knew this neighborhood in the wilderness, and would
go to Oldtown, Greene County, to mill with a sack of corn on a
horse; would take two days to make a trip; would take his gun
and dog, and camp by the path at night. One night, as he was re-
turning, he stopped between here and Jamestown, when, after he
had fallen asleep, his dog began a fight with a bear that came too
near. By and by the bear got the advantage of the dog, when Mr.
Horney stabbed the bear, killing him instantly. Hr. Horney died
iSTovember 28, 1865. Mrs. Horney died in August, 1855.
* Our sul)ject was married, March 18, 1858, to Miss Rebecca J.
Wright, daughter of James and Louisa (Troxell) Wright, who bore
him live children : Adda E., Delia O., Thurman P., Clarence H.,
and Loren R. Mrs. Horney is a member of the Christian Church.
Mr. Home}' remembers seeing some of the farming implements
his father used in an early day, which were the wooden plow,
wooden-toothed harrow, harness made of rope and elm bark, and

JOHN HORNEY.

John Horney, farmer, is a son of Jeiirey Horney, and was born
in this township, January 7, 1846, where he was reared, educated,
arrd married Miss Nettie Bush, daughter of Abraham Bush, Sep-
tember 21, 1871. Two children are the result of this marriage —
Charles A. and Catharine, both living.

Mr. Horney is trustee of this township at present. He has a
farm of two hundred and six and a half acres, situated four miles
northwest of Jetfersonville. This is the farm where his parents
located at an early day, and where they died.

OLIVER E. HORNEY.

Oliver E. Horney, farmer, is a son of Jefferson Horne}^, whose
biography appears in this work. He was born January 31, 1837,
and was reared and twice married in this county; first, to Miss
Elizabeth McKillip, October 20, 1859. Two children were the re-
sult of this union : Viola A. and Elizabeth A. After Mrs. Horney's

688 tttstoRY OP Fayette county.

death, he married Sarah Underwood, who has borne him eight
children: Henry E., James IS., Alpha, Eber J., Maywood, Leander
H., Esther, and Lillie, all living.

Mr. Horncy has a farm of thirty acres, situated two miles north-
west of Jeffersonville. He and his wife are members of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church. Ho cr.listed in Company C. 90th O. V. I.,
in August, 1862, and served until September 30, 1863. Received
a wound in the left ankle at the battle of Stone River, for which
he was discharged.

FORRIS HORNEY.

Forris Horney, farmer. West Lancaster, son of Jefferson Horney,
wbose biography appears in this work, was born in this township,
August 15, 1833. He was reared, educated, and married in this
county. July 29, 1858, he wedded Miss Esther A. Williams,
daughter of Jesse and Margaret (Botkins) Williams. Her father
died July 18, 1866, aged seventy-one years. Her mother lives w^ith
our subject.

Mr. Horney has a farm of one hundred and twenty-four acres,
well improved, situated one mile west of West Lancaster, and
farms to both grain and stock. During the war of "the rebellion
he served about three years in Company C, 90th O. Y. I.

Mr. Horney and his wife are members of the Methodist Protest-
ant Church. Both are members of reputable pioneer families, and
are respected citizens. They have a family of three children :
Frank A., Mary F., and Otto C, all living.

JEFFERSON HORNEY.

Jefferson Horney, farmer, Jeffersonville, is the eldest son of
Daniel Horney, (an account of whose life appears elsewhere) who
came to this township, at an early day, from ]^orth Carolina.

Our subject was born in this county, where he was raised, and
where, on the 19th of September, 1878, he married Mary (Carr)
Mahoy, a sister of the late Colonel S. F. Carr, of Washington.
She was previously married to Archibald Mahoy, who died De-
cember 20, 1866. He, too, had been married previously, (Septem-
ber 30, 1832,) to Miss Margaret Griffith, who bore him ^ve
children — four of whom are living. Mr. Horney, Mr. Maboy, and

.TEFFEftSON TOAVNSHIP. 689

both wives were members of the Methodist Protestant Chureli.
Mr. Ilorney came to the farm he now occupies, and which con-
tains one hundred and fourteen acres, in 1834, and has changed it
from a wild and chaotic tract to a high state of cultivation. The
elder Mr. Horney gave to each of his thi'ee sons one hundred
acres of land, and offered them fourteen acres additional at two
dollars. Jefferson, fearing that he would, because of the prevail-
ing scarcity of money, be unable to pay for the land, did not ac-
cept the proposition until he had well considered the matter. He
finally bought the land, and has, in late years, frequently refused
seventy-five dollars per acre for the same.

W. J. HORNEY.

See page 605.

WILLIAM T. HOWARD.

WilHam T. Howard, saddle and harness -.maker, Jefferson vi lie,
was born in Warren County, Ohio, October 15, 1821. At the age
of fourteen he went to Virginia, where he remained one year, and
then returned to Ohio. He remained unsettled until 1838, when
he located in Washington Court House, where he remained until
February, 1840, when he settled in Jeffersonville, and engaged at
his trade, which he continued until 1875, when he sold his stock
and shop to his son, J. W.

Mr. Howard was married, October 30, 1841, to Miss Elton Sex-
ton, who was born in Rockingham County, Virginia, May 22, 1816.
The result of this marriage was five children: Sexton, Seperepta
A., Jurad W., and two who died in infanc}'.

Jurad is the only child living. He was married, August 6, 1874,
to Miss Mary Johnson. One child, Flora, is the result of this
union. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity of Jefferson-
ville. His wife and mother are members of the Methodist
Protestant Church.

JOSEPH HITRLESS.

Joseph Hurless, hotel keeper, Jeffersonville, was born, July 23,
1826, in this county, where he married Miss Elleu Fent, daughter

690 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

of William and Delila (Bodkin) Fent, June 16, 1850 ; six children
are the result of this union : Joseph S., AVilliam F., Mary J., Glide
E., Hattie M. and Viva Blanch, All deceased save Joseph and
Hattie.

Our subject was elected justice of the peace of this township,
in 1860, and has held office ever since except one year. lie has
been successful in his official duties and in business. He remem-
bers when this place was very thinly settled, and the school house
where he first attended school, stood where the village cemetery
now is; it was log with puncheon floors, window made of greased
paper, and heated by means of a fire-place, perhaps nine feet long.
Mr. Hurless is a highly respected citizen, and a worthy member of
the I. O. O. F., of Jefl:ersonville Lodge.

EVAN L. JANES.

Evan L. Janes, farmer, Jeffersonville, is a son of "William P. and
Mary (Mock) Janes, — he a native of Virginia, she of Ohio, — who
were married in this c^nnty about 1829, and had a family of thir-
teen children, eight of whom are living.

Our subject, the fifth of the family, was born December 7, 1840,
in this township, where he was reared, educated, and March 17,
1869, was married to Miss Maggie Squire, a daughter of 3!^athaniel
Squire, of Paint Township, and one of the pioneers of this county.
Rev. Mills Gardner officiated. The result of this union is two
children : Harry L., and Grace G.

Mr. Janes has a farm of eighty-five and one-half acres, situated
at the east line of Jeffersonville. August 7, 1862, he enlisted in
Gompany G, 90th O. V. I., and was discharged at Gamp Deunison,
June 21, 1862. In 1878 he was elected township trustee, and has serv-
ed almost two terms ; holds the office at present. Is a highly respect-
ed and prominent citizen in his township. Mrs. Janes is a member
of the Methodist Episcopal Ghurch.

ROBERT W. JENKINS,

Robert W, Jenkins, farmer, Jeffersonville, is a native of this
county, and was married to Miss Mary Irion, also a native of this
county, Mrs. Jenkins died, in 1858. They reared a family of four
children on the farm where our subject now lives, and where he

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 691

was born. He has a farm, of one hundred and seven acres, situated
three miles southeast of Jeffersonville, on the Washington pike. Mr.
Jenkins and son, Thomas C, are members of the Patrons of Ilns-
bandry.

Our subject's father, Jacob, came to this county, in 1812; while
on the way, was drafted to serve in the war of 1812 ; but hired a
substitute, and came on to this county, where he died in 1859.
Thomas A. served three years in Company C, 90th O. V. 1., was
wounded in the right foot, at Jonesboro, Georgia, for which he was
discharged.

LEVI JENKS.

Levi Jenks, farmer, Edgefield, a native of this county, was born
October 10, 1821. October 15, 1840, he was married to Miss
Elizabeth Sanderson. They have eight children living : Euth,
Smith, Taylor, Solomon, Jane, Leander, John, and Sherman.
Three are deceased: Harvey, Charles, and one who died in infancy.

Mr. Jenks has a farm of three hundred acres, well improved,
situated two and one-half miles west of West Lancaster, where he
lives, and fifty-four acres in Greene County. This is the result of
his own industry and good management. He assisted in driving
the noted Morgan from Ohio, and placed a substitute in the actual
service during the war. Himself and wife are members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church.

His father (Sylvester) was born in Virginia about 1819, and died
in this county, October 7, 1834.

BENJAMIN F. JOHNSON.

Benjamin F. Johnson, farmer, is a son of John L. Johnson, a na-
tive of Highland County, who came to Greene County when a
young man, where he married Miss Elizabeth Watson (our sub-
ject's mother), and lived the remainder of his life, dying January
31, 1865. Mrs. Johnson is still living.

Our subject was born April 4, 1845, in Greene County, where he

married Miss Louisa Jackson, who has borne him three children:

Clara E., Jennie M., and Etta L. The latter died at the early age

of five years. Mrs. Johnson died September 29, 1871. He then

-married Miss Mary A. Knapp, January 10, 1873. He has a farm

692 HISTORY OP PAYETTE COUNTY.

of seventy-eight acres, situated two and a half miles northwest of
Jeffersonville. He was elected trustee of this township in 1879,
and' served two years. He and his w^ife are members of the Disci-
ple Church. They are good neighbors, and respected citizens.

H. A. KIMBALL.

H. A. Kimball, farmer, was born in Champaign County, Ohio,
May 7, 1825. He is a son of Bela and Electa Kimball, natives of
Stowe, Vermont, who came to Ohio about the year 1849, with a
family of eight children. Our subject was married, in 1858, to Miss
EHzabeth Johnston, daughter of James and Sarah Johnston, of
Ross County. They have two children : Viroca O. and Emily T.
Mr. Kimball was in the hundred days' service. He received his
education in Champaign County, in the old log school houses,
where they had the soft side of a slab for the seats. He has a cu-
riosity in his possession in the way of a violin, supposed to be three
hundred j^ears old. It was captured from some aristocratic family
of the South during the war, and our subject refuses to take one
thousand dollars for it. It is a good one, and a very valuable relic.

HENRY KIRK.

Henry Kirk, farmer, is a son of James Kirk. He was born on
the farm where he now lives, June 23, 1821, and owns* four hun-
dred and forty-four acres. He married Miss Elmira Parrett, daugh-
ter of George Parrett, who has borne him six children: Flora,
Fraine C, James E., Georgiana, Willard H., and Lucy P.

Mr. Kirk was once a member of the Odd-fellows lodge at Wash-
ington, but withdrew for the purpose of uniting with the lodge at
Jeffersonville, and as yet has neglected to do so. He is a member
of one of the pioneer families. Politically, he is a Democrat. He
firmly resolved never to sit on a jury with a negro, and he has kept
the resolution. Shortly after the close of the war, he was chosen
as a juror in the count}' court. Seeing two negroes in the box, he
positively refused to serve. Judge Steele told him that he could
not excuse him on those grounds; and said that he must abide by
the law, wdiich w^as imprisonment. Attorney Richard Harrison, of
Columbus, said the penalty might be made a fine, which was done,
and Mr. Kirk paid the fine and left the court. He has refused to

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 693

accept a county or township office. Was once elected supervisor,
but rather than serve, paid the tine.

MADISON S. KIRK.

Madison S. Kirk, farmer, is a son of Thomas Kirk, whose biog-
raphy appears in this work. He was born in this township, June
15, 1834, and was married, March 31, 1863, to Miss Agnes Collier,
of Greenfield. Three children are the result of this union: Min-
nie J., Jennie N., and Bertha L, The latter died at the early age
of two years and seven months. Our subject served one year in
Company H, 60th 0. V. I., and came home without a wound, hav-
ing passed through several heavy battles. His brother Kayborn
served one year in the same company, and enlisted for one hundred
days in the Ohio National Guard, and was taken prisoner at Cyn-
thiana, Kentucky.

THOMAS KIRK.

Thomas Kirk, farmer, is a son of James Kirkpatrick, who came
to this county, in 1812, from Virginia. The original name, as
spelled by our subject's grandfather, was Kilpatrick. Thomas was
born in this county, December 5, 1813, where he was reared, and
married to Miss Elizabeth Parret, daughter of John Parret, a pio-
neer of this county.

Mr, Kirk remembers when this part of the county was compara-
tively a wilderness. His first school house was built of logs, with
paper windows, and puncheon floor and seats. The church serv-
ices were then held in private houses, school houses, and in groves,
as they had no church houses. He has a farm of four hundred
acres, well improved, situated six and a half miles northwest of
Washington. Had a family of twelve children: Madison S.,
Amanda J., Rayborn, Charity, Augustus, Eddie, James, George XL,
Alice, Ward, Dora, and William. George and Alice are deceased.
Mrs. Kirk and three daughters are members of the Methodist
Episcopal Church.

SAMUEL m'KILLIP.

Samuel McKillip, farmer, is a son of Talley McKillip, and was

694 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

born on the farm where he now hves. He was married, January
5, 1873, to Miss Martha Johnson, daughter of D. D. Johnson, of
Greene Countj^ who has borne him three children: Wilbert,
Emma L., and May, all living.

Mr. McKillip has been engaged in farming thus far through life.
He farms chiefly to grain. Is a member of a reputable pioneer
family, and a good neighbor. Mrs. McKillip is a member of the
Baptist Church, joining in 1879.

TALLEY m'kILLIP.

Talley McKillip, retired farmer, Jeffersonville, is a son of John
and Betsy (Whicker) McKillip, who were born, reared and married
in IS'orth Carolina. At an early day they came to this county,
where our subject was born, April 25, 1819.

April 23, 1843, he was married to Miss ]S"ancy Walthall, daugh-
ter of the late Betsy Walthall, of Greene County.

He has a farm of three hundred acres, situated one and one-
fourth miles north of Jefiersonville, which is well improved. Has
rented his farm, and is now retired from active business, as by good
management he has accumulated sufficient to keep himself and
wife in plenty in their declining years. They have had a family of
seven children, four of whom are deceased. Two children are
married, and one, Idelia, is at home with her parents. Himself and
wife are members of the Universalist Church ; are good neighbors,
and respected citizens.

WILLIAM m'kILLIP.

William McKillip, farmer, Jeiiersonville, is a son of James,
(whose father located in this county, in an early day, where he
died). He was born, September 8, 1848, in this county, where he
was reared and married, to Miss Lucy Byers, August 28, 1873 ;
one child, Eugene, is the result of this union.

Mr. McKillip has a farm, of one hundred and fifty-five acres,
situated one and one-half miles, west of Jefiersonville, and farms
to both grain and stock. He is a member of the I. 0. O. F., of
Jamestown Lodge Xo. 181. He joined March, 1879.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 695

HENRY MILLER.

Henry Miller, farmer, Jeft'ersonville, is a son of George Miller, a
native of Pendleton County, Virginia, who came to this county, in
1811, and located near where Washington now is, where he died,
December, 1856. He was thrice married ; first, to Miss Negley, a
native of Virginia, who bore him one child, Malinda, and died be-
fore our subject's birth. He married Miss Susan Hagler, (our sub-
ject's mother,) in 1814, who bore him eight children. Henry being
the oldest.

Our subject was born. May 16, 1815, in Union Township, this
county. He was married, in 1834, to Miss Mary Burnett, daughter
of Robert Burnett. They had live children : George W., Elizabeth,
Nancy, Nathan and Benjamin. The youngest died while in the
service of the late war. Company C, 90th 0. V. I. Mrs. Miller
died, October, 1842. He then married Miss Rebecca Blue, in 1851 ;
two children by this marriage : John W., and one died in infancy.

Mr. Miller has a farm of one hundred and sixty-five and three-
fourth acres, situated on the east line of Jeffersonville. He served
two terms as township trustee, and has retired from active business
and rents his land.

Our subject's mother died when he was but a boy. His father,
afterward married Mrs. Elizabeth Burnett.

THOMAS B. MILLS.

Thomas B. Mills, farmer, Jamestown, Greene County, is a son
of John Mills, who came from Kentucky to Greene County in 1796.
In a short time he removed to Warren County, and in 1809 re-
turned to Greene County, where he still lives, in the eighty-sixth
year of his age.

Our subject was born in Greene County, January, 1817, and has
been twice married. March 14, 1839, he was wedded to Miss
Rhoda Horney, who bore him ten children, and died in June, 1865,
in the forty-eighth year of her age. On the 16th of January,
1868, he married Mrs. Louisa (Sheely) Sesler, of Greene County.
By this union there are two children. Of the twelve children nine
are living.

His son, James, served three years in Company K, 44th 0. V. I.

696 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

William served three j-ears in the same company and regiment,
and then re-enlisted in the cavalry, and served one year there.
Both came out of the service vs^ithout a wound.

Mr. Mills has a farm of forty-six acres, situated near the west
line of this county.

His second wife was previously married to Martin Sesler, who
died August, 1865, of a disease contracted in the army.

HEZEKIAH MOCK.

Hezekiah Mock, farmer, Jeffersonville, is a son of John and Mary
(Homey) Mock, whose history appears elsewhere.

Our subject was married to Miss Huldy Chaney, September 12,
1850; one child, Cassius, is the result of this union. He and his
wife are members of the Christian Church. He has a farm of
two hundred and seventy-eight acres, on which they live, situated
four miles northwest of Jeffersonville, on South Charleston pike,
which is a part of the old home farm, where his father bought five
hundred and nine acres for one thousand dollars, then almost an
unbroken forest.

In 1832, the father planted an apple tree on this farm, and graft-
ed it the next spring. This tree still bears a large crop of fine fall
pippen apples every fruit year ; it measures seven feet nine inches
in circumference, its branches measure forty-three feet, and is
twenty-seven feet in height. This is a reputable, and one .of this
county's worthy families.

ELI MOCK.

Eli Mock, farmer, is a son of Daniel Mock, and was born in this
county, April 30, 1838. He was married, December 14, 1865, to
Miss Elizabeth Shockley, daughter of Clemence Shockley. They
have three children: Geneva, Herbert, and Adeline E., all living,
Mrs. Mock is a member of the Christian Church. He has a farm
of two hundred and three acres, well improved, where he lives,
about three and a half miles north of Jeffersonville, seventy-tAvo
acres diagonally across the road from it, and sixty acres about
two miles north of Jeffersonville. He is a good citizen, a respected
neighbor, and a member of a reputable pioneer family.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 697

SIMON MOON.

Simou Moon, farmer, is a sou of John Moon, who came to Ohio
from North CaroUua, in 1807, and located in Cincinnati, where he
remained three years, and then came to this township, remaining
here until his death, which occurred January 4, 1842, at the age of
sixty-seven years. He was married to our subject's mother in
Xorth Carolina, who bore him eight children, and died, April 16,
1817, after which he married Mary (Lindsey) Clemauce. There
were five children by this marriage.

Our subject was born in this township, January 24, 1813, and re-
members when there were but few settlements in this township,
and the houses were all log. A few Indians were here, and the
woods abounded with wild game. He has two mill-stones of a
hand-mill, used in his boyhood, for grinding their corn and buck-
wheat. His first school house was log, with puncheon floor and
seats, and w^indows made of greased paper, pasted over a hole made
in the wall by cutting a log out.

Our subject was twice married ; first, to Mrs. Martha (McKillip)
Huston, September 20, 1835. Eleven children were the result of
this union, nine of whom are living. Mrs. Moon died, January 24,
1859. He then married Nancy Hornbeck, March 21, 1861.

Mr. Moon has a farm of two hundred and seventeen and a half
acres, well improved, situated six miles northwest of Jefi:ersonville.
He had six hundred and fifty acres before he divided among his
children. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church.
The children, except one, are members of the Christian, Methodist
Episcopal, Methodist Protestant, and Disciple churches. He served
twelve years as a member of the board of education of this town-
ship some years since.

MARY S. PATTEN.

Mary S. Patten is a daughter of Jacob and Sarah (Baughn) Bush.
Slie was born in this county, where she was reared. November 7,
1840, she was married to William J. Patten. Eight children are
the result of this marriage: Samantha S., Nettie W., Sarah E.,
Bathaua W., Minerva R., Mattie V., Jessie L., and Richard E.
Nettie, Jessie, and Richard, are deceased. Mr. Patten died, Janu-

698 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ary 13, 1869, aged fifty years. He was a member of the Methodist
Protestant Church, in which faith he died triumphantly. Mrs. Pat-
ten, and all the children, save Richard, who died at the age of
eleven months, are members of the same church. She has a farm
of one hundred acres, situated on the Jeffersonville pike, six miles
northwest of Washington.

BENJAMIN H. PARRETT.

Benjamin II. Parrett, farmer, is a son of Joseph J. Parrett (bet-
ter known as Tennessee Joe). He was born January 18, 1824, on the
farm where he now lives, and where he was reared. April 21, 1853,
he was married to Miss Nancy Allen. Five children are the result
of this marriage : Seth E., Eva J., Oric V., Cora G., and Mary, all
living. Seth and Oric are married. This entire family, save Oric,
are members of the Methodist Protestant Church, in which faith
the parents died triumphantly.

Mr. Parrett has a farm of one hundred and sixty-six acres, well
improved, on which he lives, situated five miles southwest of Wash-
ington, on the Jefl:ersonville pike. This family is well and favora-
bly known, and have many friends.

MRS. ANN PARRETT.

Mrs. Ann (Fletcher) Parrett, is a daughter of Thomas and Ann
(Higby) Fletcher. She was born in Pennsylvania, in 1811, and
came to Ohio with her parents the same year. They located in
Clermont County, where the parents died. She came to this coun-
ty about 1820, and married George Parrett, son of John and Cath-
arine (Windle) Parrett, March 4, 1828. Seven children are the re-
sult of this union : Elmira, Thomas F., Mary C, Elizabeth E., Be-
linda A., Susan L., and Lucy O. Susan E. died at the early age of
fifteen months. Mr. Parrett died July 29, 1872, aged fifty-nine
years. He was a member of the Methodist Protestant Church, in
which faith he died triumphantly.

Mrs. Parrett has a farm of one hundred acres, well improved, sit-
uated seven miles northwest of Washington, on the Jefi'ersouville
pike. She and five of the children are members of the Methodist
Protestant Church. Elm;ra joined the Methodist Episcopal Church
after marriage. This is an esteemed family.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 699

fiEORGE H. PATTON.

George H. Pattoii, farmer, is a son of John M. and Sarah (Little)
Patton, and was born in Frederick County, Virginia, October 5,
1813, where he was reared. He came to Ohio when twenty-one
years of age, and located near Jeffersonville, where he remained
three years, and then removed to the northern part of the town-
ship, remaining there until 1850, when he came to the farm where
he now lives, and where the father died, at the age of seventy-
seven years. Mrs. Patton died at the age of sixty-nine years.

Our subject has been twice married ; first, to Miss Lucinda Shee-
ly, January 1, 1845. One child was the result of this marriage —
John A., who lives on a farm adjoining his father's, on the south.
He Avas married to Miss Martha Moon in December, 1871. They
have one child — Edith.

Mrs. Patton died September 29, 1846. He then married Miss
Elizabeth Pagan, October 25, 1849. They have one child, Genetta,
who married Eli S. Parret, December 25, 1873. They have two
children : Earle E. and George.

Mr. and Mrs. Patton are members of the Methodist Protestant
Church, of Pleasant View. When Mr. Patton came to Ohio he
had but a few cents in money ; but by his industry he has accumu-
lated sufficient means to live at his ease in his declining years. He
has a well-improved farm of two hundred and eighteen acres, on
which he lives, and has given each of his children fifty acres.

THOMAS RANKIN.

Tkonias Rankin, West Lancaster, is a native of this county, in
which he was reared. He was married to Miss Viletta Sanderson,
June 20, 1854. One child, Leander, is the result of this union.

Mr. Pankin was engaged in the mercantile business in this place
from 1856 until 1873, except comparatively a short time. He
served in Company H, 60th O. V. I., and was captured at Harper's
Ferry, in September, 1862; also at Cyuthiana, Kentucky, June 11,
1864, then captain of Company H, 168th O. V. I. He is now assist-
ing his son, who is a natural mechanic, and does the best work in
blacksmithing, wagon-making, painting, and trimming carriages.
In fact, he is a natural genius; never served an apprenticeship at

700 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

any trade, and does all the business that the capacity of his shop
will permit. He was married to Miss Julia A. Acton. February 6,
1878, and has two children : Esther and Harry Mc.

Mrs. Rankin is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
Our subject is a member of Jeffersonville Lodge No. 454, 1. 0. O. F.

WILLIAM S. REID.

William S. Reid, farmer. His parents came to Ohio from Mary-
land, in 1825, and located in Ross County. They came to Fayette
in 1832, where the father died, in February, 1881. They joined
the Methodist Protestant Church in 1840. The family consisted of
nine children.

Our subject was married to Miss Caroline Creamer, daughter of
David Creamer, January 29, 1861. Five children are the result of
this union : Wallace C, Charles A., Howard, Arthur H., and Wil-
liam E., all living. Himself, wife, and two eldest sons, are mem-
bers of the Methodist Protestant Church. He has a farm of one
hundred and twenty-three acres, well improved, situated eight miles
northwest of Washington, and is a member of the Patrons of Hus-
bandry.

JAMES S. ROBINSON.

James S. Robinson, farmer, is a son of John P. Robinson, whose
father, Thomas, was a native of Ireland, and emigrated to Ger-
many about 1780, where he married our subject's grandmother,
Rebecca Coons, and came to the United States in 1797, locating
near Zanesville, Ohio, where he remained until 1820, when he re-
moved to Washington, D. C, remaining there until they reared
their family of eight children, and then came to Washington C. H.
The grandfather died in Ross County, Ohio, and the grandmother
in Miami County, Indiana. Our subject's father remained in Wash-
ington C. H. several years, when it had but one business house, and
this county was almost an unbroken forest. He went to Indiana,
and remained several years, then returned to Ohio. Went to Illin-
ois in 1875, where he died, March 2, 1878, aged seventy-eight
years.

Our subject was married to Anna C. Smith, daughter of Samuel
Smith, of this county, January 6, 1866, who bore him one child,

Jefferson township. 701

Elda J., and died July 15, 1868. He then married Mary E. Tor-
bitte, of this county, August 8, 1871. He is a member of James-
town Lodge No. 181, I. O. O. F., and served two years in Company
C, 114th O. Y. I. He and his wife are members of the Methodist
Protestant Church.

HORNEY ROBISON.

Horney Robison, farmer, is a son of William Robison, who came
to Ohio in 1803, and located in Greene County, where he remained
until 1805, when he came to Fayette, and located where our subject
now lives. He was married in Virginia to Hanna Horney, our sub-
ject's mother. Then this county was very thinly settled by white
men. The Indians helped him to raise his first cabin, as there were
not enough white men to do it.

Our subject was born, September 14, 1835, on the farm where he
now lives, and owns one hundred and sixty-five acres, well im-
proved, situated two and a half miles northwest of Jeffersonville.
He has his farm rented, and lives with the renter, as he is not yet
married. He is a member of Jeffersonville Lodge No. 468, F. & A.
M., joining about 1866^

JOHN W. ROEBUCK.

John W. Roebuck, grain and lumber dealer, Jeffersonville, is a
son of Hugh and Liddie (Farmer) Roebuck. He came with his
parents to this state, when at the age of six months, located in
Ross Count}', and remained nine years, then removed to this coun-
ty, located near Bloomingburg, and remained until 1851 ; then
removed to the northern part of this township where the father
died, in 1864. Mrs. Roebuck was born in this county, in 1803.
They were married in 1826, and had nine children — our subject
being the seventh — of whom four are living.

Their house was a place for holding religious services for years,
as there were no churches in the neighborhood. They were mem-
bers of the Methodist Church, in which faith they died.

Our subject was born in this county, March 12, 1841, where he
was reared and educated, and taught school two terms. He was
married, October 30, 1866, to Miss Martha J. Conner; seven chil-
dren being the result of this union : Frank L., Harry S., Joe B.,
Lynn L., Ida A., Elba F. and an infant, who is deceased.

702 SlSfORt 01* S^AtE-rtE COUNTY.

Mr. Roebuck is a member of the Masonic fraternity, of Jefter-
sonville, having joined, the order at Washington, in 186^. He is
a charter member of the Jefferson ville Lodge No. 468, and served
as Master tiiree years. He was a citizen of Alabama two years,
and during that time was a member of the State Board of Regis-
tration. He served seven months as a volunteer in the Union army.
Company H, 60th O. V. L, and was taken prisoner at Harper's
Ferry, September 16, 1862, and discharged before his time expired.
While in Alabama, he was appointed as postmaster of the Calhoou
postoffice, on the Alabama and Florida Railroad.

SAMUEL M. SANDERSON.

Samuel M. Sanderson, farmer. West Lancaster, is a son of James
and Sarah (iS^ewman) Sanderson, who were married, in 1812, and
had a family of twelve children, our subject being the ninth ; they
are all living. The parents came to this county, in 1812, and re-
mained through life. Mr. Sanderson died, in 1867, aged seventy-
seven years. Mrs. Sanderson is living, is eighty-nine j'ears of age,
and is in good health considering her age.

Our subject was born, January 12, 1829, ftnd was reared in this,
his native county, where he married Miss Mary Gray, daughter of
Charles and Rebecca Gray, December 26, 1853, who has borne him
five children : Rebecca J., Sallie N., Lucy J., Charles B. and Lillie
C. Charles died, August, 1864, aged eight years. Mr. and Mrs.
Sanderson are members of the Methodist Church, with which they
united years ago.

He has a farm of forty acres, situated three-fourths mile east of
West Lancaster, on the Washington pike. He served about four
months in the late war, Company G, 168tli 0. 'N. G., and is a Re-
publican. When a young man, he taught school about six years,
and is a highly respected citizen.

JOHN C. STAUBUS.

, John C. Staubus, farmer, Edgefield, is a native of Virginia, where
his parents, Jacob and Rachel (Swatzel) Staubus now live. The
father is a native of Germany, and came to the United States when
three years of age. The mother is a native of Virginia where they
were married, and reared a family of five children, John C. being
the oldest.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 703

Our subject was born February 2, 1843, and came to this state,
in 1866, where he was married by Rev. R. Rose, to Miss Margaret
Brock, daughter of Richard R. Brock, of this township, December
17, 1867 ; five children are the result of this union : Clem J., Luellu,
Benjamin F., Jessie and James G.; all living.

Mr. Staubus has a farm of one hundred and twelve acres, well
improved, situated one-half mile north of Edgefield, and farms to
both grain and stock. He served four years in Company D, V, I.,
under Stonewall Jackson. His grandfather, Swatzel, served in the
war of 1812.

JAMES STRALEY.

^ames Straley, grocer and grain dealer, Jefi'ersonville, is a son of
Joseph Straley, and was born December 21, 1829, in this township.
Though the educational facilities were limited then, he, in his boy-
hood, attained a good common school education, and began teach-
ing at the age of sixteen years, and continued ten years. He was
married, February 21, 1850, to Miss N'ancy A. Hogue, the only
daughter of James Hogue, of Jasper Township, this county, who
bore him two children: Margaret E., who married B. F. Coflt'man,
of this county, and Benjamin F., who married a Miss Boyer of
Kansas, Illinois. Mrs. Straley died, July 20, 1854. He then mar-
ried Nancy Robison, December 15, 1855 ; seven children are the
result of this union, two are living: Sarah E., who married Albert
Booco, December 2, 1879, and James A., who is at home.

Mr. Straley has lived in this county all his life, and has been an
oflicer of county or tow^uship for many years. He has held town-
ship ofiices of clerk and trustee of townships, and was elected
county sherifi", in 1864, served two successive terms, and is a well
and favorably known citizen who has many warm friends.

SAMUEL B. STRALEY.

Samuel B. Straley, farmer and tile maker, Edgefield, is a son of
Joseph Straley, who was born in Louis County, Virginia, December
10, 1796, where he was reared and lived until twenty-six years of
age, then came to this county, and located one mile east of West
Lancaster, where he lived an exemplary life, and where religious
services were held at least twenty years, when there were no

704 aiSTORY OF FAYETTE COUNti*.

churches near. He was a member of the Methodist Church, and
died triumphantly July 31, 1849. He and our subject's mother,
Elizabeth B. Hamilton, were married April 30, 1818, and they both
joined the church that j^ear. They had a family of fourteen children,
eleven living. Mrs. Straley died, May 24, 1877.

Our subject was born, June 27, 1823, in Virginia, and came to
this county with his parents in the same year. He was married,
April 20, 1843, to Miss Julia A. Hid}', who bore him eight children,
and died, April 17, 1861, a member of the Methodist Church. He
then married Lydia A. Creamer, February 22, 1862 ; six children
are the result of this union ; five living.

Mr. Straley was elected justice of the peace, in 1846, served three
years, also served about four years as trustee of Jasper Township.
He served four months, in Company G, 168th O. N. G., as lieuten-
ant. He and his second wife are members of the Methodist
Church.

He has a farm of fifty-eight acres, two miles west of West Lan-
caster, and has the oldest tile factory in the county on his farm.
His brother, Jasper, was born in this county, December 3, 1835,
where he was reared, educated, and married Miss Athaliah Ellis,
May 14, 1857 ; nine children are the result of this union, eight
living. Mrs. Straley died, January 30, 1881. They too were mem-
bers of the Methodist Church. He served four months in the
same company and regiment, as sergeant, that S. B, did.

He has a farm of one hundred and twenty-seven acres, three
miles west of Jeff'ersonville, on the Jamestown pike, where he has
a new tile factory. All the family are Republicans.

EMILY W. TERRELL.

Emily W. (Parmer) Terrell, Jefi^'ersonville, is a daughter of Will-
iam and Margaret (Whitsite) Parmer, who came to this county
from Kentucky in 1814. Mr. Parmer was a native of Virginia,
and died December 31, 1865, aged seventy-five years. Mrs. Par-
mer was a native of Kentucky, and died March 13, 1863, aged
sixty-four years. They were members of the Universalist Church.

Our subject was born (January, 1815) in this couuty, where, on
the 2d of January, 1834, she was married to Gilbert Terrell. He
was engaged in the mercantile business in Jeft'ersonville for several
years, after which he retired from active life. "He was born Octo-

Jefferson township, 705

ber 1, 1808, and died August 18, 1874; having been a hale and
hearty man all his life, up to the time of his death. Mr. and Mrs.
Terrell were worthy and consistent members of the Universal ist
Church, in which she still holds membership, strong in the faith.
She has a farm of ninety-six acres, one-half mile west of Jeffer-
sonville, and one of one hundred and thirty-five acres two and
one-half miles west of town.

JAMES VANNORSDOLL.

James Vannorsdoll, farmer, Jeffersonville, was born in this
township, September 10, 1831, and has resided here all his life.

September 4, 1853, he was married to Miss Susanna Ilorney,
daughter of Jefferson and Margaret Horney. Twelve children
are the result of this union : Olarelda J., Lucy A., Garrett ().,
Frank C, Mary M., James II., Forest A., Lillie B., EfKe F., Ernest E.,
Herbert, and one who died in infancy. Mary M. died at the early
age of fourteen. Mr. and Mrs. Vannorsdoll are members of the
Methodist Protestant Church, of Pleasant View.

He has a farm of three hundred and twenty-nine acres, well im-
proved, situated four miles west of Jeffersonville, on the state road,
and ninety-eight acres two miles west of town ; also, one-half in-
terest in the home farm of one hundred and forty acres, situated
one mile southeast of Jeffersonville.

He has served several consecutive years as trustee of this town-
ship. He has been successful in his business, and is well and
favorably known throughout the township. When a young man
he taught four terms of school.

WALTER S. WRIGHT.

"Walter S. Wright, farmer, Jeffersonville, son of M. B. Wright,
(whose histor}^ appears in this work,) was born in this township),
March 28, 1832. On the 15th of April, 1860, he was married to
Miss Nancy Allen* Four children are the result of this union :
Olive M., Aimer A., Luc}^ P., and one Avho died in infancy.

In August, 1862, Mr. Wright enlisted in Company K, 44th O. V.
I., at Washington. In 1864 the entire company enlisted in Com-
pany K, O. V. C, and served until the close of the war, when they
were honorably discharged. He received an injury while in the

706 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

service that will be a detriment to bim tbrougb life. Has a farm
of sixty-eigbt acres, well improved, situated one and tbree-fourtb
miles nortb of Jeffersonville.

JOHNSON W. WRIGHT.

Jobnson W. Wrigbt, farmer, Jeffersonville, is a son of James
and Nancy (Jobnson) Wrigbt, wbo were natives of A^rginia. Tbey
• were married in Ross County, tbis state, about 1802, and remained
tbere a sbort time, and tben removed to Pike County, wbere Mrs.
Wrigbt died in 1845, aged sixty-eigbt years. Mr. Wrigbt died in
Illinois in 1842, aged about seventy-two years. Tbey bad a family
of nine cbildren, all of wbom lived to maturity.

Our subject, wbo is tbe youngest, was born August 15, 1825, and
bas been twi.ce married. December 22, 1852, be was married to
Miss Mary E. Wrigbt, wbo bore bim one cbild, Cbarles W. Sbe
died Marcb 15, 1866. On tbe 22d of June, 1868, be was united
witb Miss Mary F. Carr. Two cbildren are tbe result of tbis
marriage : Amy A. and Isy G. ; tbe latter died June 11, 1871.

Mr. Wrigbt bas a farm of forty-tive acres, well improved, situ-
ated one and one-balf mile nortb of Jeffersonville. Is a member
of tbe Masonic fraternity of Jeffersonville. His second wife was
a member of tbe Metbodist Protestant Cburcb.

REBECCA WRIGHT.

Rebecca (Carr) Wrigbt, Jeffersonville, was born in tbis county,
Marcb 29, 1813. On tbe 2d of January, 1830, sbe was married to
Matbias B. Wrigbt, wbo, witb a Mr. Horney, bougbt tbe land
wbere Jeffersonville now stands, and laid out tbe town in 1830.
Mr. Wrigbt died July 3, 1876, aged sixty-eigbt years. He was
born in Ross County, Ohio, and came to tbis county with bis
parents when about nine years of age. They bad a family of ten
cbildren : Walter S., Mary E., Amanda J., Matbias K., Ruhama
A., John M., William C, Sarah E., Frank M.* and one wbo died
in infancy. Mary E., William C, and Amanda J., are deceased.
Tbe surviving ones are all married.

Walter married Miss Nancy Allen, of this county, and had four
cbildren, three living.

Mary E. married Johnson W. Wrigbt, of tbis county, and has
one child.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 707

Riibama married Joseph W, Haymaker, of this county, and has
live chiklren.

Mathias K., born September 6, 1838, married Miss Maria L.
Hooker, of Fairfield County, (born June 9, 1841,) on the 18th of
April, 1861. He has a farm of one hundred acres, situated one-
half mile north of Jeffersonville. He is one of Fayette County's
prominent stock dealers, and deals largely in Poland-China hogs,
and fine sheep. Has taken several premiums at county fairs; also
at the Tri-State Fair, Toledo, and the Southern Ohio Fair, Dayton.

John M. married Miss Catharine Milburn, of Greene County.
They have four children.

Sarah E. married Peter T. Wigginton, of this county, and has
five children.

Frank married Miss Laurinda Jficksou, of this count}'. They
have two children,

Mrs. Wright lives in Jeffersonville. She and Mr. Wright were
members of prominent pioneer families. The family is of good
repute, and highly respected. Mrs. Wright, John, and Amanda
are members of the Methodist Protestant Church. Mr. Wright
and M. K. were members of the Universalist Church, where M. K.
still retains his membership.

JASPER TOWNSHIP.

By reference to another part of this book, the specific history of
the organization and boundary of Jasper Township will be found.
Therefore, we shall begin with the original settlement, and trace
its history through all its transitions from the first log cabin in the
woods, to its present flourishing condition, with its system of
drainage, excellent schools and splendid turnpikes.

The first settlement of this territory took place in 1809. In the
spring of this year, Jacob and Joseph Coile emigrated from Pen-
dleton County, Virginia, and located on a military claim, consisting
of two thousand acres, belonging to their father, Gabriel Coile,
who was a revolutionary soldier. Both Jacob and Joseph were
married before leaving Virginia ; the former married a Miss Cullop,
and the latter Sophia Roof. In 1814, both families removed to
Indiana, near Indianapolis.

JACOB HERSHAAV.

In about the same year, (1814,) Jacob Hershaw came from Vir-
ginia to this township, and located on the Coile claim, having
traded a farm in Virginia for one hundred and sixty acres of this
land ; the larger portion of which is within the present limits of
Jasper Township, now the property of Wayne Wright. In 1818,
he removed to Indiana and settled on land owned by his father-in-
law, Cullop.

ROBERT BURNETT.

Robert Burnett came from Pendleton County, Virginia, in 1810,
and being a single man worked by the month till 1812, when he
married Susan Bush, and squatted on government land. Six sons
and five daughters blessed this union : Henry, John, Jesse, Elihu,
Absalom, Mary, Jane and Susan.

708

JASPEK TOWNSHIP. 709

He was a soldier in the war of 1812, belonging to a volunteer rifle
company, whose captain was a Mr. Flesher. Mr. Burnett after-
wards served as captain of a militia company.

After the organization of Jasper Township, he was elected to
several of its offices, serving both as clerk and trustee. He subse-
quently was appointed road viewer by the county commissioners.
Plis first wife dying in 1839, he, some time subsequently, married
the widow of Jacob Coler. Captain Burnett was by profession a
surveyor, and many of the county and township roads were laid
out by him.

In 1813, after his first marriage, he leased a tract of land, of Mr.
Bush, in Union Township, where he resided till 1821, when he re-
moved to wild land which he had purchased of a Mr. Pendleton,
of Virginia.

Captain Burnett enjoyed the distinction of being one of the
most excellent and peaceable citizens, never having, at the age of
eighty-three, indulged in a quarrel with a neighbor, or been a party
to a law suit. He was a man of good habits, and his great longev-
ity may have been due to some extent, to the fact that he never
used tobacco in any form, and extreme moderation in the use of
ardent spirits.

LEONARD BUSH.

Leonard Bush was born in Pendleton County, Virginia, Decem-
ber 4, 1778, and came to Ross County, this state, in 1809, locating
near what is now known as Convenience Station, on the D. & S. E.
Railroad. He was married in Virginia, to Catharine powers, in
1803, and four children were born to them prior to their leaving
that state. He remained only two years in Ross County, when in
the spring of 1811, he removed to Jasper, locating on land now
owned by James Beatty.

Mr. Bush bought one hundred acres of land from his father in
Jasper, on which, in March, 1811, he erected a round log cabin,
which he occupied without a floor till June of the same year,
"With incessant labor, he cleared flfteen acres of land the first
spring, which he planted in corn, breaking the ground with the old
fashioned wooden mould board plow. After this, having built a
shop soon after his arrival, he followed his trade of wheelwright
for seventeen years in connection with his farming, when his son,

710 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Jacob, on whom the management of the farming until now had
largely devolved, marrying, he was compelled to devote his whole
attention to his farm, which had then increased to three hundred

JACOB BUSH.

Jacob Bush, the oldest child of Leonard Bush, was born in Pen-
dleton County, Virginia, in 1804, and accompanied his father to this
township from that state. He remained with him till 1828, when he
married Catherine Bond, of Union Township, who died, in 1838.
A little more than a year afterwards, he was again married, to Lucy
Leach, of Brown County, who is still living. Bj^ these marriages
Mr. Bush became the father of eleven children ; two of which are
living with their father at Jasper Mills.

Mr. Bush at one time owned an. extensive farm in Jasper Town-
ship, but a few years since he divided his property among his chil-
dren ; reserving only a small homestead at Jasper Mills, which he
is spending his declining years in improving and beautifying.

JONES BROOKS.

Jones Brooks, a Methodist Episcopal minister, in 1811 came
from Virginia to Jasper Township. His time was occupied for
several years in preaching and farming.

JACOB A. RANKIN.

Jacob A. Rankin came from Virginia in 1800, and settled on
Salt Creek, in Ross County, where he remained two years, and
then removed to near where Bloomingburg now stands. In 1821
he married Miss Carr, and removed to what is known as the John
L. Persinger farm, near Plymouth. He afterVvards purchased land
adjoining the Smith Rankin farm, where he died in 1876.

JOHN COONS.

The following was contributed to the Herald by Dr. Mason, of
Milledgeville, and embraces the chief points in the life of a well
known pioneer:

JASPER TOWNSHIP. 711

"One by one the old pioneers are dropping ott', lie wlio opened
up and cleared the way for their future generations to reap the
boundless benefits of progress and wealth, has laid down his armor
of labor and taken on the garb of those long gone before. Hard-
ly an issue of our county papers but gives instances of a similar
kind. In a few short years, few indeed, will be left to gather their
grandchildren around them, and tell the tale of Fayette Comity's
early pioneer life, when the wild woods alone gave echo to his ax,
and falling trees the answer to the ' meal-time hallo !' But such
must be the constant march of years, fraught with the- many
changes of the past, surrounding us. N'ot long hence can we look
upon one of those gray and frosted fathers of early life, and listen
to the tales of hardships and deprivations passed through, that the
prairie might blossom, and the dense woods yield her now verdant
fields of promising crops, to those that are left to occupy and
further improve. Those that will follow after can only appreciate
the merits of our early pioneers.

'• John Coons, or ' Uncle Johnny,' as he was familiarly called,
has gone. He died June 6th, after a short ilhiess, leaving a family
of three children beyond the age of fifty years — a daughter at
Athens, O., one daughter at Allentown, O,, and a son living in Illi-
nois— all blessed with plenty of this world's goods to make them
comfortable through life.

"Uncle John was born at Fredericksburg, Virginia, in October,
1792, and his life of teens was spent in welding the old fiint.lock
musket barrels at a government shop at Fredericksburg. He
afterwards enlisted in the war of 1812, and served until peace was
declared, when he remained a pensioner until death.

"He was married to Miss Hannah Jones, in 1820, and started for
the 'Far West,' as it was then called, travelling in a wagon,
through an almost impassable wilderness, with no one to shaim his
lonely and perilous undertaking, save his newly made wife of but
a few days. With due honor to her, we must say she proved to
him to be a faithful helpmate and sheet-anchor in times of adver-
sity and prosperity, until five years since she was called to prepare
the way for waiting ones below, at the age of ninety-four, being
ten years his senior.

" The land he spent his last days upon was bought by him over
fifty years ago for about $3 per acre, and now the timber upon
some of it could not be bought for $100 per acre ; and by his

712 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

economy and strict sense of honor he accumulated a fortune of
at least $75,000.

" He never connected himself with any church, hut whenever
sickness or affliction fell upon any within his neighborhood or
reach, his hand and purse were always open to aid, and his presence
at the sick bed was a friend indeed, watching through the long
hours of night in the most contagious diseases ; he felt it a duty
when others lacked the courage to give their services. His last
moments were peaceful, and life seemed to gradually sift out as the
sand of the hour glass, or the flickering light of a dying taper,
and those who watched at the bedside could not but exclaim, 'AH
is peace !' and one monument of byegone days less.

" Too much can not be said in credit to his daughter-in-law,
Mrs. Rosa Coons. With more than childlike care and tenderness
has she made his decline a path of comfort and ease, and no one
will miss th« vacant chair and grandfather's cane more than she."

SOLOMON SMITH.

Solomon Smith was born in Pendleton County, Virginia, in 1802,
and immigrated to Jasper in the early settlement of the territory,
renting land from Henry Coile. He is still living in the township.
Although eighty years of age, he is serving as constable, having
flUed that office almost continuously for thirty-three years.

AVILLIAMSON FURGESON.

Williamson Furgeson was the pioneer settler of the Center neigh-
borhood, in the southwestern portion of the township. In 1842,
he purchased a tract of land from General James Taylor, of Ken-
tucky, and removed to it the same year. Other settlers soon fol-
lowed, and this section is fast developing into one of the most cul-
tivated and flourishing of the township.

STEPHEN MITCHELL IRVIN.

Stephen Mitchell Irvin was among the pioneers of Jasper Town-
ship. Captain William Palmer preceded him a few months. He
settled in the southwestern corner of the county. His farm em-
braced portions of Clinton, Greene, and Fayette counties, which

, JASPER TOWNSHIP. 713

made it inconvenient in tax paying, as he had to pay in three coun-
ties.

In the year 1812, or 1813, Mr. Irvin, Captain Pahner, Biirwel B.
Mills, and Griffith Foos, left Bourbon County, Kentucky, to seek a
home in Ohio. They found the spot where the three first named
parties settled, which they supposed was in Clinton County. They
were pleased with the fertility of the soil, which they found covered
with a dense forest. The timber was black walnut, oak, hickory,
ash, and sugar maple, and in the more swampy laud, elm and maple.
Mr. Foos, not liking so much timber, went to Clarke* County,
bought a tract of laud, started a hotel, which he called " Travelers'
Home," and laid out a village, which he called Springfield.

Mr. Irvin had been nuirried two or three years when he came to
Ohio, having married Jane "Whitsett, a native of Kentucky, March
16, 1809. She was one of nine sisters, who hard an oniy brother,
and they all lived to be heads of families.

Mr. Irvin's grandfather came from Ireland, lie had two sons —
Andrew and William. At the ages of six and eight, the parents
died, and the boys were separated. William went to Pennsylvania,
Andrew remained in Virginia. The two brothers never met again.

Andrew, when he was grown to manhood, married Elizabeth
Mitchell. They lived together for sixty-one years, and had a. fam-
ily of six sons and four daughters. Robert, their oldest son, died
in infancy. Stephen M., the subject of this sketch, was the next
oldest. The other boys were named John, William, Caleb, and
Joshua.

Andrew Irvin served in the war of 1812, and was in the battte
of Oldtown. lie died in 1830. His wife survived him thirteen
years, and died at the age of ninety-three.

When Stephen was eight years of age, his father emigrated to
Kentucky, the family traveling all the way in a cart drawn by a
single horse. This was in the fall of 1788. For many years they
suffered the privations of pioneer life. Having no schools, the ed-
ucation of the family depended upon the parents. Fortunately,
Mrs. Irvin was a good scholar for those times, and she undertook
the education of the family, both in science and religion. Every
Sunday evening was spent in reading the Bible and catechising the
children. They were rigid Calvinists, and adopted the Presbyte-
rian confession of faith and mode of worship. They were very
strict in their religious observances, and labored hard to instill these

49

714 HISTORY OF ^AYETTE COUNTY.

principles into the minds of their children. In the case of Stephen
they failed. He early became convinced of the sinfulness of human
creeds, and protested earnestly against them. His mother wept
over his apostacy. Soon, however, the creed was laid aside, and
the Bible took its place.

The year 1800 was one of great religious interest in the part of
Kentucky in which they lived. Barton W. Stone, the eminent re-
vivalist of that country, and of those times, held a great meeting
at Cane Ridge, and the Irvin family all became, identified with that
movement. They afterward fell in with the reformatory movement,
led by Alexander Campbell, and were all prominently connected
with the Christian Church, known now as Disciples of Christ.
Four of the five boys became preachers.

Stephen M. Irvin left Kentucky to seek his fortune in Ohio,
where slavery was prohibited by laAv. He shuddered at the thought
of raising a family where slavery existed. Determined to breathe
the air of a free country, he came to Ohio, and in 1813 erected a
cabin on his tract of woodland. He at first cleared a garden spot,
and then went to work to change his wood land into a farm. He,
in common with all the pioneers, sufifered many privations. Set-
tlers were very few in that part of the state. Log cabins were the
only houses. When one was to be raised, all the people for miles
away were invited to the " house raising." Here Mr. Irvin became
familiar a second time with the hardships common to a new coun-
try. The trials he had known in Kentucky were repeated here.

Mills Avere very scarce and distant. This made it necessary to
make hominy for food. This was done by hollowing out the end
of a solid block of wood. Into this a portion of corn was placed,
and beat with a pestle. This was usually made by inserting an iron
wedge in the pestle, which was made of wood. This hominy was
a great luxury, and was very healthful food.

The nearest trading point was Hillsboro, Highland County, thir-
ty miles away. Here they purchased salt, groceries, and dry goods.

In the year 1833, on the 9th of May, Mr. Irvin was called to
mourn- the loss of his wife, Mrs. Jane Irvin, in the forty-third year
of her age. She died as she had lived, a Christian. The stroke
was severe, but he bore it with resignation and humble submission
to the Divine will. He was married April 16, 1835, to Mrs. Eliza-
beth Barrere. With her he lived the remainder of his life. He
died July 25, 1852, in his seventy-second year.

JASPER TOWNSHIP. 715

He was a man of extraordinary patience and temper, and was
hard to excite to impatience. He never allowed himself to become
angry. He was identified with the educational and religious in
terests of the neighborhood. During the latter part of his life he
devoted much time to the subject of religion. He preached almost
every Sunday, and was much devoted to the church. He never
sought for public favor or notoriety. His aim was to do good.
When death came, it came suddenly, but it found him ready.
When told by Dr. I. C. Williams, his attending physician, that he
could live but a short time, he replied : " I did not think death was
so near ; but if it is God's will, it is mine." The doctor said to one
of his sons: "Your father is a remarkable man. His hopes are
brighter to-day than mine."

BURWELL B. MILLS.

Burwell B. Mills was also a very early settler. He was twice
married, and lived until his death in the coruer of Fayette County.
He was an excellent man, and a good citizen. We have not been
able to gather many of the incidents of his life.

SCHOOLS.

The pioneers of Jasper enjoyed few educational advantages, and
it was not till 1816 that the iirst school house was built in the town-
ship. This was a round log structure, with puncheon seats and
greased paper window lights. It was built by the settlers, and was
situated in tlie woods, on land belonging to Richard Ayres, in the
Coil-Bush neighborhood.

Thomas Powell was the first teacher of the township, occupying
this building in 1816, receiving a mere pittance for his services,
compared with the present wages of teachers.

This building, however, was used only a short time for school
purposes, when another, of similar architecture, but more conven-
iently located, was built about one mile east, on what is now the
Richard Smith farm, then belonging to Abraham Bush.

John S. Burnett, afterward auditor of Fayette County, taught
the first school in this building, in 1818.

716 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Another school house was built on the Coons property, one mile
south of Milledgeville, early in the settlement of Jasper, but we
have been unable to get the date of its erection. This was occu-
pied till 1837, when the educational wants of the neighborhood be-
came so pressing as to require a more commodious structure ; and
accordingly, in this year, a meeting of the citizens was called at
the school bouse, to provide for this emergency. A division of
opinion as to the proper place for locating the new building arose,
resulting iii the erection of two buildings, one being located on
what is now known as the John Rankin farm.

Joel Starbuck, of Clinton County, was the first teacher that oc-
cupied this building, teaching a subscription school during the win-
ter of 1837.

The other was situated three miles south, on the old State road,
now the Washington and Jamestown pike, on land belonging to
Joseph Straley.

But prior to these, in 1828, a school house was built on land now
in the possession of John L. Persinger. This was built of round
logs, with desks running along each side, which were occupied by
the pupils in writing.

John T. Powell, son of Thomas Powell, taught the first school in
this building, receiving a compensation of ten dollars per month in
produce for his services.

After two years' occupancy for school purposes, this building was
burned, and was never replaced.

In 1845, a school house was built on the land of Williamson
Furguson, in the Center neighborhood, Mr. Furguson donating the
lot on which the building stood. This building was erected by the
settlers, and a Miss Mary Jane Blystone, of Jefifersonville, occupied
it first as teacher, the same year it was built, teaching a subscription
school.

CHURCHES.

The early settlers of Jasper were pious and devout men and
women, who believed in 'practwing religion rather than theorizing
upon the subject. Their lives were of the purest order ; and al-
though their creeds were few, and their faith of the simplest char-

JASPER TOWNSHIP. 717

acter, yet they recognized the moral effect of a church society in
the community, and this led to an organization early in the settle-
ment of the township.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL.

In 1812, James Brooks, a Methodist minister of Virginia, who is
mentioned biographically in the above sketches, effected a church
organization in the Coile-Bush neighborhood, and for many years
served as the minister of the congregation, holding his meetings at
the different houses in the communitj'; but it was not till 1843 that
the society built a church. This, though a round log building,
served the purposes of the people till 1864, when the present
church (Mount Carmel), situated about one mile west of Jasper
Mills, on the Washington and Wilmington Turnpike, and the same
distance east of the old log church, was built. Mount Carmel is a
commodious frame building, costing $1,200. The present minister
is C. T. Wakefield.

Another Methodist Episcopal church was built in 1840, on what
is now known as the Albert Mark land; and in 1843 this was fol-
lowed by the erection of a similar structure on the Coons estate,
then owned by John Hidy. They were both hewed log houses.

In 1846, another society was organized, which held its meetings
in a school house a short distance south of Plymouth, formerly oc-
cupied by the Methodist Protestant society, till 1866, when the
present brick church was built at Pl^-mouth, E. L. Ford donating
the lot on which the church stands, and three hundred and fifty
dollars to the society, to aid in its erection. The society at present
is not flourishing.

A society was organized in the Center neighborhood, in 1848,
and used the log school house on AVilliamson Furgeson's farm for
church purposes till 1851 or 1852. The Methodist Protestants and
Campbellites also held services in this school house, but neither de-
nomination effected an organization.

In 1851, or 1852, a church was built near the school house, on
land now in the possession of J. L. Persinger, then owned by a Mr.
Brown.

In 1868, this society built a frame church, costing $2,200, on the
Allen pike, one-fourth of a mile from the site of the log building.

In 1878, the Harmony church located six miles west of AVash-

718 HiSfOftY OF FAYEME COUNTY.

iiigtoii, Oil the Palmer Pike. It was built at a cost of about $1,500,
L. C. Mallow, William Dice, Zebulon Smith, and others, heading
the subscription. Joel Dolby was the tirst minister, he being suc-
ceeded by Jason Hinkle, the present incumbent.

* METHODIST PROTESTANT.

In 1845, the Methodist Protestant Church organized a society at
Plymouth, which held its meetings at a school house, a short dis-
tance south of the village, Robert Dobbins serving as the first, and
perhaps only, minister of the organization till its abandonment, in
1846.

Both the Methodist Protestants and Baptists have organized so-
cieties at Milledgeville this year (1881), but hold services in the
schooh house near the village.

PLYMOUTH.

Plymouth, situated on the Palmer turnpike, at the terminus of
the Merchant pike, is the oldest village of the township, and was
laid out, in 1845, by Robert Hague.

The first building was erected by Garland Johnson, in 1845, and
occupied the site of the present dwelling of E. L. Ford. Opposite
this, Thomas Wright in the same year erected a hewed log dwell-
ing, the first of the village, which is still standing in a much dilap-
idated condition.

PRESENT CONDITION OF PLYMOUTH.

At present Plymouth has two blacksmith shops, one wagon shop,
one store and one church, and contains a population of perhaps
fifty or seventy-five inhabitants. The township house is situated
here, at which the elections are held, and the business of the board
of education and township trustees is transacted.

STORES.

Garland Johnson kept the first store, in the building above men-

JASPER TOWNSHIP. 719

tioiied, opening in 1845, and continuing till the fall of the same year,
when he disposed of his stock of goods and building to James
McWhorter, who, in 1846, sold both his stock of goods and store
room to E. L. Ford.

In 1848, Harvey Saunders built a store room, on lot number
eight, which he occupied, till about 1849, when E. L. Ford purchas-
ed both stock and building, which he still owns and occupies.

BLACKSMITHS.

In 1845, Tate Wright built a shop and carried on business about
one year, when he sold out to Thomas Wright, who continued a
short time. At present there are two blacksmith shops at Ply-
mouth, owned by Joseph Miller and his son, Charles ; both open-
ing in 1878.

WAGON SHOPS.

Daniel Blue started a wagon shop, in 1848, and still continues in
business.

DOCTORS.

Dr Hazen came to Plymouth, in 1846, but his sojourn was brief,
as it was soon discovered that the woman he passed as his wife
bore no such legal relations to him, and the indignant citizens of
Plymouth and vicinity, not wishing to compromise the honor and
dignity of their village and community, by tolerating the pre-
sence of such a citizen, met and notiiied him to depart forthwith,
which he did, fearing the consequence of a longer stay.

Sometime between the years 1863 and 1865, Dr. A. J. Gaskin
located at Plymouth, and remained till 1868.

The uext physician of Plymouth was Dr. Spangler, who came
from Milledgeville, in 1870. He bought property and remained
till 1881, when he traded his property for a house and lot at Mil-
ledgeville, where he removed March 1st, of the same year.

JASPER MILLS.
Jasper Mills, on the C. k M. A^. Pailroad, five miles west of

720 ttiSTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTt.

Washington, was nev'er legally laid out as a town ; but in 1854,
shortly after the completion of the railroad, the Bryan Brothers,
Samuel, Joseph and John, purchased five acres of land here of
Jacob Bush, on which, in the same year, they erected a three story
frame grist mill, which proved a nucleus for a cluster of cottages ;
known first as "Jasper," but which, in 1858, took its present name
from the brand of fiour shipped from these mills, and probably to
distinguish the postotfice at this place from the name of the town-
ship.

The Bryan Brothers operated the Jasper Mills for several years ;
in 1859, adding a sash sawing attachment, which subsequently gave
place tathe present buzz or circular saAv. The changes of owner-
ship this property has undergone since its erection have been num-
erous ; the dates of which we are unable to give, but the following
is a list "of the names of the difi'erent proprietors in their order
since passing from the Bryans. Bryans sold to Roctgers, Rodgers
to Keller, Keller to Hunt, and Hunt to the present owners, Struble
and Company.

Some years ago a corn shelling attachment was added by a Mr.
Guthrie, of Baltimore, who shortly afterward sold to Ely, of
Washington, Avho in turn sold to Tolbert & Co., of Washington,
who are still operating it and shipping an extensive quantity of
grain, both wheat and corn, from this point.

In 1859, John S. Burnett and Samuel Bryan opened a store, at
Jasper Mills, under the firm name of " Burnett & Bryan," in a
building erected by the Bryans, in 1855. Burnett sold his interest,
in 1869, to James G. Beatty, and the firm of "Beatty & Bryan" con-
tinued business till 1861, when the entire business of these, gentle-
men were purchased by Br. Degroat, who had the misfortune, in
1862, of losing his stock of goods and building by fire.

In 1863, J. L. Mark re-built on the site of the burnt building,
and kept dry goods and groceries till 1871, then sold out to J. S.
Burnett & A. E. Silcott, who, in 1874, disposed of their interests to
Miller & Clark. This firm failed in less than a year, and the build-
ing has since then been occupied by Charles L. Bush, the present
merchant of Jasper.

JASPEK TOWNSHIP. 7^1

BLACKSMITHS.

Ill 1857, Joseph Parkisoii bought a lot on which he built a resi-
dence and blacksmith shop, continuing till 1868, then selling to
Smith & Jenkins, who carried on business till 1870, when they dis-
solved partnership. Smith building another shop, in which he
worked till 1878, at this time abandoning the business. In this
year C. L. Bush and Charles Duncan erected a shop, which is still
in operation.

AVAGON SHOPS.

Charles W. Hyer, in 1880, started a wagon shop which he is still
carrying on.

SHOE SHOP.

Richard Smith started a shoe shop, in 1880, and is still in busi-
ness.

MILLEDGEVILLE.

Milledgeville, a pleasant little village of perhaps two hundred
inhabitants, is situated on the Dayton & Southeastern Railroad, at
the crossing of the Palmer pike, one mile north of Plymouth. It
was laid out by James Ilogue in 1855.

It contains one mill, two groceries, one hotel, two physicians,
one boot and shoe store, one restaurant, a post-office, and one large
store, owned by Lamb & Murph}^ Brothers, in which is kept a full
line of dry goods, groceries, hardware, drugs, boots and shoes,
queensware, and agricultural implements.

The town is improving rapidly under the impetus of the early
construction of the proposed Columbus & Maysville Railroad,
which makes this village a business point; and several buildings
are now in course of erection.

The first building in the village was the Milledgeville Mills,

722 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

erected in 1855, by Straley, Creamer & Co., who operated it until
sometime in the year 1858, when they disposed of it to Dolerhide,
Jackson & Co., who continued it only a short time, and sold out
the property to Elias Straley. Straley remained in business little
more than a year, when the mills came into the possession of
Shafer & Allen, and was owned and operated by them till 1869.
In this year Shafer died, but the property remained in the hands
of Allen until 1870, when he .sold to Jaral & Grove, the present
owners.

The iirst store-room was built by Jacob Creamer, in 1856, who
continued in business only about two years. I^o more goods were
sold at Milledgeville till 1878, when a building was erected by C.
M. Bush, and a stock of goods brought on.

In 1879, G. L. McAllister built the first brick store-room in the
place. It remained unoccupied for some time, and after being
refitted was opened by a Mr. Culbertson.

The two story brick building occupied by the enterprising firm
of Lamb & Murphy, mentioned above, was not built until 1880. .

In 1878, J. T. Heiser started a grocery at the depot, where he
still continues in business.

J. B. Magruder opened a grocery and restaurant in 1881, and is
still in business.

HOTELS.

C. M, Bush, in 1879, opened a hotel at Milledgeville, and con-
tinued until 1880, when he was succeeded by Joseph Rush, who re-
mained in business till 1881. In the spring of this year Dr.
Spangler purchased the property, which he has refitted, and now
offers first-class entertainment to the traveling public.

BLACKSMITHS.

In 1869 W. E. King opened the first blacksmith shop, in a build-
ing erected by himself for that purpose. He continued in business
for three years, when he was succeeded by Ely McClery, who re-
mained two years, being succeeded by Mr. Phillips, whose stay was
brief, as was also that of North, his successor.

JASPER TOWNSHIP. 723

Another shop was opened by A. Dowclen, in 1868, but was dis-
continued in less than a year.

In 1878, A. G. Shaff started a shop, which he still continues.

James Lucas purchased a lot, on which he expected to erect a
shop, in 1881.

Dr. Cully was the first physician in Milledgeville ; locating there
in 1863, and remaining about three years, when he removed to
Plymouth.

In 1865, Dr. A. J. Gaskin opened an ofiice at Milledgeville, but
subsequently removed to Plymouth, where he remained till 1868.

At present Milledgeville has two physicians, Drs. Spangler and
Mason. The former located in 1870, remained a short time, then
removed to Plymouth, where he practiced until 1881, when he re-
moved to Milledgeville, where he is still practicing with marked
success. Dr. Mason located in Milledgeville in 1878, and has an
active, lucrative, and steadily increasing practice.

SHOE SHOPS.

In 1867 Frank Smith came from Virginia and located in Mil-
ledgeville, buying a lot, on which he erected, a dwelling and shoe
shop, where he is at present in business.

Henry Johnson opened a shop in 1879, but continued only one
year in business.

AVAGON SHOP.

Thomas Thacker started a wagon shop at Milledgeville, in 1870,
but discontinued the business in 1872.

ALLENDALE. .

Allendale, a station on the D. & S. E. R. R., at its junction with
the C. W. & C. R. R., was laid out by Elijah Allen, after whom it
took its name, in 1876 ; of whom Mr. William Allen purchased
the first lot sold, on which he erected a frame dwelling.

724 HISTOHY OF FAYETTE COUNTt.

A grocer}' was opened by John Rankin in 1877, who continued
till March, 1878, when he was succeeded by George Hinkle, who
closed in 1879. It was not till the following year that another
store was opened. In 1880 Alfred Matthews and Mr. Glass each
brought on a stock of goods, and remain in business.

HOTELS.

Frank Stone opened a hotel in May, 1880, in rented property,
but in the fall of the same year he built a house, which he now oc-
cupies for hotel purposes.

MILLS AND ELEVATORS.

F. C. Trebein, of Xenia, in 1880, erected a large frame elevator,
in which a set of burrs for grinding corn are operated. An ex-
tensive grain shipping business is carried on at this point.

EDGEFIELD AND PEARSON'S.

These points are stations. The former one mile northwest of Al-
lentown, on the D. & S. E. R. R., and the latter on the C. W. & C.
R. R., at the extreme western limits of the township. A store is
conducted at each of these places.

POST-OFFICES.

A post-office was established at Plymouth in about 1850, E. L.
Ford being appointed the first postmaster. He retained the posi-
tion until 1870, when he was succeeded by J. T. Ileiser, who held
the office till it was removed to Milledgeville, (where it still re-
mains) in 1878. Smith Rankin received the appointment at that
time, and still holds the position.

A post-office was established at Jasper Mills, shortly after the
completion of the C. & M. V. R. R., Samuel Bryan being appoint-
ed postmaster. This office was removed, in 1875, into Concord
Township, and the name changed from Jasper Mills to Seldon; but

JASPER TOWNSHIP. 725

was subsequently returned to Jas^^er Mills, where it still remains,
though retaining the name of Seldon. Charles L. Bush is post-
master.

ORGANIZATION OF JASPER.

It will be found, by reference to another portion of this work,
that Jasper Township was organized, in 1845, from portions of Jef-
ferson and Concord.

NAMES OF FIRST OFFICERS.

Clerk, John S. Burnett; trustee, Henr}' Burnett; justices, Jacob
A.Rankin, William Rankin, Alexander and Roberts; constable,
Levi ArnokL

BIOGRAPHICAL.

JOHN L. BARNES.

John L.Barnes, farmer and stock dealer, is a native of Pickaway
County, and a son of David and Margaret {Shannon) Barnes. He
was born September 14,1843, and was reared and educated in Pick-
away County, and came to Fayette in September, 1857, where he
married Miss Sarah L. Ford, daughter of E. L. Ford, whose biog-
raphy appears in this work. May 7, 1867. Seven children are the
result of this union : Estella, Roscoe, Clara, Pearl, John L. (de-
ceased), Harry, and an infant yet unnamed.

Mr. Barnes has a farm of two hundred acres, well improved, sit-
uated on the south of Milledgeville, on which he lives, and farms
to both grain and stock. He is a member of Washington Lodge,
F. & A. M. He served in the one hundred days' service during
the late war. Politically, he is a Democrat, and has served as trus-
tee of this township since 1879. Some years since he was engaged
in shipping live stock to New York and Philadelphia, but of late
has done comparatively little shipping.

726 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

JAMES COIL.

«■

James Coil, farmer, was born in Union Township, this county,
December 1, 1840. "When about two years of age, his parents —
Elias and Mahala Coil — came to this township, where the father
died, in August, 1878, and the mother still lives. They had a fam-
ily of ten children, three of whom are living.

James, the eldest, was married. May 31, 1866, to Miss Sallie M.
Sanderson, who has borne him five children : Emily J., John, Elias,
Sarah E., and Russie E.; all living save Ehas, Avho died January
27, 1876.

Mr. Coil has a farm of two hundred and forty-nine acres, where
he lives, and sixty and one-fourth acres four miles east. He has
bought seventy-one acres of this by his own industry and economy.
He and his wife are members of the Methodist Protestant Church.
They are good neighbors and respected citizens.

ELIAS COIL,

Elias Coil, deceased, was born in 1814, on Sugar Creek, in Union
Township, and was married, September 20, 1839, to Mahala Ran-
kin, daughter of Thomas Rankin, who was born February 18, 1818,
in Jasper Township. Her mother was Barbara Foltz; her hus-
band's mother Mary House, born November 15, 1789, and died
February 17, 1866. Th5y were both natives of Virginia.

The union was blessed by ten children : James, Simon, Mary,
Susan, Samuel, Amos, Emily, Elizabeth J., Sarah, and Christina.
Elizabeth J., James, and Sarah, are living; the others have passed
to the other shore.

The family is connected with the Protestant Methodist Church,
and attend services at the Sugar Creek Chapel. He was an exem-
plary Christian, and died in the faith very triumphantly, August 5,
1878. His wife and children follow in his footsteps.

His son Simon enlisted in Company A, 54th O, V. I., and was
out nearly three years. He was wounded at the battle of Shiloh,
and upon recovering returned to the field, but lost his health, and
departed this life three weeks after his return home. He was but
nineteen years of age when he went out, but was brave and patri-
otic, and deserves mention as being one of the many who gave up
their lives that the country might live.

JASPER TOWNSHIP. 727

The heirs of our subject own one thousand acres of land, a por-
tion of which is in Union Township. Mrs. Coil resides in a neat
residence on the Palmer pike, four and a half miles from Wash-
ington. Mr. Coil was a Republican, and the family still indorse his
sentiments.

Of the children, Mary, wife of Jacob Warner, is now decea,sed;
Janies is married to Sallie M. Sanderson; Emily, wife of Thomas
Garlinger, is also deceased; Sarah is now Mrs, Martin A. Plymire.

JONES COONS.

Jones Coons, deceased, is a sou of John Coons, wdio was born in
Fredericksburg, Virginia, and whose ancestors were from Germany.
Prior to his marriage he came to this county, selected a location,
and lived there till his death.

Our subject was born October 5, 1824, on Indian Creek, Fayette
County, and was principally reared on the place, in this township,
now owned by his heirs, and was a farmer by occupation. He was
married. May 3, 1871, to Rosa Gannan, daughter of John and Anna
Gannan, who were born and married in Ireland. Mrs. Coons was
born on the "briny deep," September 26, 1842. Her mother died
about two years after her birth. Her father lived in Kew York,
where he died in 1862, or 1863.

The union of Mr. and Mrs. Coons was blessed by two children :
Jacob and Mary M. He went out. during the late war, being a
member of the Home Guard, and assisted in driving the rebel
forces from our borders. He was a Republican, but did not seek
office. He was an honest and upright citizen, and departed this
life May 12, 1874. His wife and children occupy the old home-
stead, located near Milledgeville, on the Washington and James-
town pike, the total number of acres owned by the heirs being four
hundred and sixteen. He farmed to grain and stock with good
success. The father of our subject died June 6, 1881, at the ad-
vanced age of eighty-nine years. The heirs of father and son en-
deavor to perpetuate the good name.

JAMES W. FICHTHORN.

James W. Fichthorn, farmer, is a son of Samuel, who was a son
of Philip Fichthorn, whose ancestry came from Germany, and who

728 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

was born in 1763, and married Magdalene Harpole, who bore him
five children, of whom Samuel, the third, was born in 1808, Decem-
ber 29th, in Pendleton County, Virginia, and came to Ohio with
his parents in 1813, settled in Ross County, and came to the farm
he now occupies in 1883. In 1836 he married Anna Maria Ilogue,
whoj^ore him six children : John P., James, Robert, Samuel, Eliza,
and Melinda. Both parents are living.

The subject of this sketch was born on his father's farm. May 30,
1842, where he was reared, educated, and married, December 13,
1866, to Sarah Shafer, daughter of John Shafer. She was born in
Clifton, Greene County, Ohio. The union was blessed by four chil-
dren : Clara, Elsie, and twins, who died in infancy. In 1862 he en-
listed in Company K, 90th O. V. I., and remained in the service till
the regiment was mustered out, participating in all the battles. He
received a slight wound at Chickamauga, but continued in the serv-
ice. He was a brave and gallant soldier, and contracted poor
health, from which he still suifers. He cleared seventy-three acres
on his father's farm, near Milledgeville, and improved and ditched
the same, bringing it to a high state of cultivation, and farms to
grain and stock.

SAMUEL W. FICHTHORN.

Samuel W. Fichthorn, is a son of Samuel and Ann Fichthorn,
and was born in this county, March 31, 1850, where he was rear-
ed, educated, and married Miss Mary A. Ford, daughter of E. L.
Ford, whose biography appears in this work. They have two sur-
viving children : Charles R. and Zella M., and one Clide M. who
died, J^ovember 21, 1880, aged thirteen months.

Mr. Fichthorn has a farm of thirtj^-oue acres, also has control of
one hundred acres of his father-in-law's farm. He farms to both
grain and stock. He is not an aspirant to otfice, consequently has
held none of the county offices. He is a Republican, and a highly
respected citizen who has many friends.

E. L. FORD.

E. L. Ford, merchant, farmer and stock dealer, Milledgeville, was
born in Cumberland County, Maine, September 20, 1819, where he
was educated in the common schools and neighboring seminaries

\me/'(Q/fQ€^e

ean.

JASPER TOAVNSHIP. 729

till fourteen years of age, when he began teaching, and continued
until 1841, and then came to Hamilton County, this state, and
taught till 1843. He married Miss Martha M, Snider, daughter
of General John Snider, of Hamilton County, June 4, 1843.
Mrs. Ford was born September 16, 1825. Seven children are
the result of this marriage ; four sons and three daughters.
Soon after marriage, Mr. Ford engaged in the mercantile business
for two years, and shortly after followed stock trading. He took
two droves of horses to Boston, Massachusetts, riding the whole
distance on horseback.

In 1846, he came to South Plymouth, where he now lives, and
drove team for a time, buying country produce, hauling it to Cin-
cinnati, seventy miles, and purchasing a load of staple goods for a
back load.

The first land he bought was one hundred acres, at $18.00 per
acre. He has since bought at prices ranging from $18.00 to $70.00 per
acre. He now has a farm of more than fourteen hundred acres,
all in a good state of cultivation, well fenced, well watered and
well stocked. He deals largely in sheep, cattle and hogs, and has
held the office of township trustee for years.

In 1872, he was elected commissioner of this county and served
one term. He served several years as director of the Merchants
and Farmers Bank of Washington, and is liberal to the support of
churches, schools and other public improvements. He and his
wife are members of the Universalist Church.

WILLIAMSON FURGISON.

Williamson Furgison, farmer, Milledgeville, is a native of Vir-
ginia, born March 10, 1812, and came to this state, in 1832, located
in Clinton County, where he was married, September 5, 1835, to
Miss Elizabeth Tharp, who bore him four sons and four daughters,
all living except Joshua, who died in the service of the late war,
54th Regiment, under Captain Yeoman. He was wounded by a
bursting shell, which resulted in his death. Calip, Joseph and
Zacariah (younger sons), also served in the war. Joseph enlisted at
the beginning of the war and served till its close. Mrs. Furgison
died, October, 1849. He then married Jemimah Rankin, JN^ovem-
ber, 1858, who hasB borne him three daughters and two sons, all

so

730 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

living ; and all of tlie family of thirteen children are married ex-
cept five.

Mr. Furgison has a farm of three hundred and seventy-two acres
well improved ; an account of which, with date of settlement, ap-
pears in another part of the work. He and his wife are worthy
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which faith his
first wife died. He is a highly respected citizen, and has a reputable
family.

JOHN GROVE.

John Grove, miller, Milledgeville, is a son of John and Anna
Grove, and was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, May 14, 1840, where
he was reared. In 1862 he went to Clinton County, and remained
until 1872, which time was spent in farming and milling. He was
married, in December, 1862, to Miss Jennie Baschore, of Clinton
County, who has borne him four children : Sarah E., Oliver, Henry,
and Zella, all living.

On coming to this place, Mr. Grove engaged in milling, and con
tinues in the business successfully. Mrs. Grove is a member of the
Disciple Church. This is one of Jasper Township's most highly
respected families, who have many warm friends.

ABEL H. JANES.

Abel H. Janes, farmer, is a son of William and Mary Janes, and
was born February 11, 1839. He was married, February 7, 1867,
to Miss Almeda Hays, daughter of Morgan Hays, of Paint Town-
ship, this county. Three children, William M., Cass G., and Jen-
nie P., are the result of this union.

Mr. Janes has a farm of two hundred acres, well improved, one
mile south of West Lancaster, on the Dayton and Southeastern
Railroad. He enlisted in Company H, 60th O. V. I., August 9,
1862, and served until the entire company was captured at Harper's
Ferry, from which place they went to Chicago, where they were
mustered out. He was first sergeant of Company D, 168th 0. N.
G., from May, 1863, until September 10, 1864, when an honorable
discharge was duly granted. He is a stalwart Republican, and a
highly respected citizen.

JASPER TOWNSHIP. 731

JOHN MERCHANT.

John Merchant, farmer and stock dealer, is a native of Fayette
County. He was born July 18, 1827, and reared and educated in
the same county. August 16, 1846, he was married to Miss Ellen
Breakfield, and has lived here thus far through life. He and his
wife were educated in the same school, and reared in the same
neighborhood. They had a family of ten children, of whom four
sous and four daughters survive.

Mr. Merchant has a farm of nine hundred and eighty-seven acres,
well improved, where he lives, situated south of Allentown. This
fine farm, two hundred acres given to the children, aud at least five
thousand dollars' worth of stock and implements, are the result of
his own industry and good management, except less than one thou-
sand dollars, given him by his and his wife's father, three years
after their marriage.

Mrs. Merchant and the two older daughters are members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Merchant is one of the corpora-
tors of the Dayton" and Southeastern Railroad. He is a public-
spirited man, and contributes largely to churches, schools, etc. He
has paid $5,600 for the pikes of this township. He is a highly re-
spected citizen, a good business man, and a respected neighbor.

DAVID M. OSBORN.

David M. Osboru, farmer, is a native of Clermont County, Ohio,
and a son of David and Prisocia (Gatch) Osborn. His father was
born in Kentucky, about 1786, and his mother was born in 1779.
They were married in Clermont County. Four sons and one daugh-
ter were the result of this union. Our subject, the third, was born
May 2, 1819, and came to Greene County, April 5, 1833, where he
remained until January 2, 1862, when he came to Fayette County,
and located where he now lives. He was married four times ; first,
to Miss Cynthia Jackson, February 22, 1838, who bore him three
sons and three daughters, aud died April 4, 1852, a member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. He then married Mrs. ISTarcissa
(Steward) Carpenter, March 17, 1853. There was one child by this
marriage. Mrs. Osborn died May 19, 1854, a member of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church. He was married to Miss Charlotte A.
Furguson, October 4, 1855, who bore him two children, and died
March 28, 1859, a member of the same church. He was married

732 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

to Susanna Christy June 18, 1861. They have one child. Mr, Os-
born joined the Methodist Episcopal Church when eighteen years
of age, and has held church offices since he was twenty-two, from
steward to the ministry. He was licensed to preach in 1860, and
has since preached and practiced the teachings of the Bible. He
served as justice of the peace of this township, and w^as lieutenant
of a militia company several years, ending about 1850. His son
Elihu served as sergeant in Company I, 31st O. V. V. I., during the
late war, and was killed b}' the Indians in Kansas, August 25, 1873.
Nathaniel C. enlisted in the 25th O. V. V. I., which later formed
the 12th Ohio Battery, and served till the close of the war. Our
subject's grandfather (Gatch) was a member of the first Methodist
Episcopal conference, held in Baltimore. The tamily is one of re-
pute, which has been reared and educated in the Methodist Episco-
pal Church.

MARK PEARSON.

Mark Pearson, farmer, is a native of Virginia, and was born Feb-
ruary 24, 1807. His parents were on their Avay West, when they
stopped temporarily on the Blue Ridge, where our subject was born.
They arrived at Highland County, Ohio, in 1810; removed to Clin-
ton County, then to Greene, where the parents died. Our subject
came to Fayette County in 1836, and located on the farm where he
now lives, and has well improved, then an unbroken forest, wet,
hea\dly timbered, and in many respects uninviting. The woods
were then filled with wild game — turkey, squirrels, etc., and some
deer. The nearest church was about three miles, a log building,
used for religious and school purposes. He now has a fine farm of
two hundred acres, through which the Dayton and Southeastern
Railroad passes, located on the west Hne of the county. He was
married, September 7, 1828, to Miss Phoebe Chaney, of Greene
County, who has borne him five children, two of whom survive.
He and his wife are members of the Christian Church. This is a
Democratic family, of good repute, and are well and favorably
known.

ELIAS H. PEELLE.

Elias H. Peelle, farmer, is a son of Reuben and Emily (Wilson)

JASPER TOWNSHIP. 733

Peelle. He was born in Clinton County, April 10, 1843, where he
was reared and educated. He was married, May 10, 1867, to Miss
Aramathea Creamer, daughter of Simeon Creamer, who has borne
him five children: Frank A., Carrie (deceased), Dalton C, Adda
M., and Florence. Mr. Peelle located in this county immediately
after marriage, where he has since lived, and has a well-improved
farm of one hundred and fifty-two acres, situated on the west line
of the county. He and his wife are members of the Society of
Friends. He is a Republican, and a highly respected citizen.

t JOHN L. PERSINGER.

John L. Persinger, farmer, Milledgeville, a son of David Per-
singer, of this county, was born July 22, 1837. Was married,
March 14, 1861, to Jane Peebles, daughter of Andrew and Helen
Peebles. Ten children are the result of this union, five sons and
five daughters. Two of the sons are deceased.

Mr. Persinger has a farm of nine hundred and eighty-seven
acres, well improved, situated one mile south of Milledgeville,
where he lives, and seven hundred and ninety-five acres in the
southwestern part of the township ; also four hundred acres in
Concord Township, formerly owned by Governor Trimble. He is
one of the largest real estate owners in the county, a public spirited
man, who contributes largely to the support of churches, schools,
railroads, and general public improvements. Was a director of
the Dayton & "Southeastern Railroad four years, and contributed
liberally to the building of it. He deals largely in cattle and hogs;
also has some sheep. Has at present more than two hundred head
of cattle. He is a highly respected citizen, and has many friends.

JOHN PERRILL.

John Perrill, fiirmer, Milledgeville, a son of Hugh Perrill, Avas
born June 17, 1823, in Highland County, where he was reared till
fourteen years of age, when he went with his grandparents to
Pike County. Here he remained until he attained his majority.

He bought and drove stock from Ohio to Pennsylvania and New
York markets, until twenty-nine years of age, when he came to
Fayette County. Here, November 14, 1855, he was married to
Miss Margaret J. Sparks, daughter of Elias M. Sparks. Eleven

734 HlSTORt OF S'AtETtE COUNTY.

children are the result of this union, six sons and. five daughters.
Two are deceased. Our subject's mother died in Highland County,
in 1835; his father in Kentucky, about 1847.

Mr. Perrill has a farm of three hundred and forty acres, well
improved, where he lives; and two hundred and fourteen acres one
mile west. This property is the result of his industry and good
management. He is a liberal supporter of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, in which faith he was reared, yet is not a member of any
church. Is well and favorably known, and has a reputable family.

SMITH RANKIN.

Smith Rankin, retired farmer, Milledgeville, was born in this
township, June 6, 1822, and was educated in the log school house.

February 13, 1844, he was married to Miss Parthenia Wood, and
has since lived here, and reared a family of five children, who are,
or have been school teachers. All are married except the young-
est, who is at home with her parents.

Mr. Rankin has a farm of three hundred acres, situated at the
west side of Milledgeville, which he leased when he came here,
having no money to buy with. ITow he has it well improved, and
in good cultivation. Has been very liberal to public enterprises,
and contributed largely to the churches. Mrs. Rankin is a mem-
ber of the Baptist Church.

Mr. Rankin served about five months in Company H, 168th O.
V. I., and was captured at Cynthiana, Kentucky. Though not an
office seeker, he was elected justice of the peac^ of this township
in 1858, and served until 1879. He is one of Fayette County's self-
made men; all that he has being the result of his own good man-
agement.

MRS. MARY RANKIN.

Mrs. Mary Rankin, farmer, West Lancaster, is a daughter of
John Coons, mentioned elsewhere, and was born on the farm now
owned by Jones Coons' heirs. She has resided in this township
since, except four years that she resided in Jefierson TownshijD.

In 1851 she married James, son of Thomas Rankin, the union
resulting in six children: John, Charlotte, Leroy (deceased), Ulysses
Grant, Albertus Jones, Almeda Blanche (deceased). Leroy died
at the age of four years; Almeda at thirteen months of age.

JASPER TOWNSHIP. 735

John is married to Rebecca J. Sanderson, and lives at Allen-
town.

In 1864 Mr. Rankin went ont in the one hundred days' service,
in Company G, (of wliich his brother Thomas was captain) 168th
O. ]Si . G., and engaged with the regiment in the battle of Cynthi-
ana, etc., and was a brave and noble soldier, ^le and his parents
were members of the Baptist Church, in which faith he died, June
12, 1880. His widow lives on his land, which embraces four hun-
dred and seventy acres, in a good state of cultivation, farmed to
grain and stock. She has charge of the farm, and endeavors to
educate her children in agriculture as well as the classics. She is
an estimable lady, beloved and esteemed by all who know her.
The sons, though small, display an unusual interest in all matters
pertaining to the farm.

FRANKLIN SMITH.

Franklin Smith, shoemaker, Milledgeville, a native of Virginia,
was born August 5, 1827. On the 15th of March, 1848, he was
married to Miss Elizabeth C. Swisher, of Virginia. Ten children
are the result of this union: Emily J., Philip B., Jacob M., Martha
A., Virginia, Alonzo O., Margaret A., Miranda, E. 0., Ida Ma},
and one who died and the early age of four.

Mr. Smith came to this county in 1863, and engaged in the boot
and shoe business, in which he has been successful. Himself and
wife are members of the Methodist Protestant Church. Have
been in the village of Milledgeville fourteen years, and are a
couple of its most highly respected citizens.

SILAS SPARKS.

Silas Sparks, farmer, Pearson's Station, is a son of- Elias M.
Sparks, a native of Harrison County, Kentucky, who emigrated to
this state in 1837, and settled on Rattlesnake Creek, three miles
south of South Plymouth. He was married in Kentucky to Eliza-
beth Hall, a native of the same county, who bore him seven chil-
dren— Silas being the second.

Silas was born in this state, January 16, 1839, and has resided in
this county all his life, devoting himself to farming. May 24, 1860,
he was united to Christina, daughter of Jacob A, Rankin, an

7S6 HlSDOilY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

early pioneer, mentioned elsewhere. The union has been blessed
with ten children : Mary E., Elizabeth A., Jacob S., Ada J., Elias,
John, Silas, William, Christina, and Albert, all living, and enjoying
good health. Mr. and Mrs. Sparks are consistent members of the
Edgefield Christian Church, he holding the important trust of
elder. Is a Democrat ; a notary public, and is frequently employed
in settling up estates. He owns two hundred acres of land, locat-
ed in the northwestern part of the county, on the Merchant pike,
thirteen miles from Washington. The farm is well improved, and
cultivated to grain and stock with success. When Mr. Sparks
assumed control of the land it was in a wild and chaotic state ; by
good management, however, he has made it a model farm. He
has always been ready and willing to assist in making public im-
provements ; is a moral and public-spirited citizen, hospitable and
entertaining to all; has lived a Christian life, and enjoys fully the
confidence and esteem of all who know him.

CONCORD TOWNSHIP.

The oro;anization and original boundaries of this township, have
all been fully discussed in the county history under the title of
" Townships." It is bounded on the north, east and south,
by Jasper, Union, Perry, and Green Townships, respectively ;
and on the west by Clinton Count}'. The division from Union
Township is formed by Sugar Creek, which flows south east wardl}'
and empties into Paint Creek. Rattlesnake Creek enters the east-
ern part of survey No. 907, thence flows south eastwardly, entering
Green Township in the center of survey No. 5,348, thus dividing
Concord into two almost equal parts. Lee's Creek, (which un-
doubtedly derives its name from Peter Lee, an assistant surveyor,
who accompanied iSTathaniel Massie during the year 1793-4-5, on
his exploring expedition) crosses the southwest corner. Hankin's
Run, which has its source on the " Van Pelt " ftirm, south of Staun-
ton, flows northward, empties into Sugar Creek, and is named in
honor of one Hankins, who occupied a small cabin, on the site of
the present residence of Edward Rowe. Under what circumstances
this township was named is not now ascertainable, though it is
generally understood that its inhabitants fully deserved the title.

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.

It is not now known who Avere the first settlers within the present
limits of what is now known as Concord Township ; hence we will
of necessit}' be guided by the data obtained from the most reliable
sources.

One of the most prominent pioneers w^as John Wright, who im-
migrated to the Scioto Valley, in 1798, and settled on the waters of
Paint, with his father's family. He lived here until 1807, when he
was married, and in 1808 removed with his bride to Fayette, locat-
ing in this township on Sugar Creek ; a portion of the old farm
being now occupied by his son, Anthony Wayne Wright. He was

738 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

in the war of 1812, being commanded hy Captain Kilgore and
General William H. Harrison, under a draft for the forty day serv-
ice ; then went out during the general call for volunteers, serving
under General McArthur and Colonel WilHam Clark. The maid-
en name of his wife was Ann Cook, and by her he had seven
children : Anthony W., Amos, Allen L., Susan, Isabel, Margaret,
and Rachel, of whom Anthony and Isabel alone survive. Our
subject was a farmer by occupation, having cleared and improved
his land from a dense forest. He was elected trustee, and enjoyed
the love of all who knew him.

Peter Marks was born in Pennsylvania, where he was married
to Mary Legore ; the union being blessed by four children, three
daughters and one son ; the latter, Joseph, was born in the year
1800, and still resides in this township. In 1806, the family, left
their native soil, came to this state and settled near Oldtown — now
Frankfort — in Ross County, where they remained till 1815, when
he bought a tract of land, containing two hundred and forty acres,
located in this township, near the present village of Jasper, and a
portion of which is now occupied by Mathew Marks. The tract
had originally been awarded to an officer for his services in the re-
volutionary war, and he was charged with the same on the books
in the land office. He, however, selected another tract near Co-
lumbus and thus received two grants. A number of years later it
was discovered that Mr. Marks' title was void, and he was compell-
ed to purchase the land a second time.

In 1828, Joseph Marks erected a small cabin on the Washington
and Staunton road, removed therein, and has resided there to this
day. There was no habitation between his cabin and Buena Vista,
and but two or three on the road running to Washington ; the
country consisting of dense forest and underbrush. He became a
voter in 1821, voted thrice for Jackson ; has voted at every presi-
dental election, and missed but few minor elections. Though in
his eighty-first year, he still enjoys good health.

At or perhaps prior to the arrival of John Wright, the family of
George Moore came from Kentucky, and located on Sugar Creek,
about one and one-half miles southeast of the Wright settlement.
The names of two of the sons are now remembered : Ezekial, who
participated in the war of 1812, and Thomas, who died of milk-
sickness. The surviving members removed to Indiana, in 1820 or
1822.

CONCORD TOWNSHIP. 739

A short time prior to the organization of the county, Thomas
Gilbert settled on the present Ingle farm, but remaining a few
years only, afterwards removed to the west.

Thomas Foster occupied what is now known as the Elias Priddy
farm, but becoming dissatisfied, returned to Kentucky, his native
state.

In the fall of 1808 David Wright, a brother of John, erected a
small cabin on a little knoll, situated on the farm now owned by
Jasper Wright.

Among other settlers were : Daniel Carmaine, who came prior
to 1812, and was considered a hard working pioneer, and raised a
large family ; James Maddox, who located on Sugar Creek ; Leon-
ard Bush, sr.. Berry man Allen and Eli West.

CHURCHES.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

A majority of the pioneers of this township were identified with
the teachings of the Methodist Episcopal Church, consequent!}'
that denomination is largely represented in the present population.
Meetings were held in the various cabins, but prior to 1830, there
was no regularly organized church society. The date of the for-
mation, by whom, and the number of original members, is not as-
certainable ; however, we have been informed that the old log
church was erected in the interim between 1830 and 1832 ; the
society removing from the school house where meetings had been
held before the completion of the new building. The name of the
first preacher, also has been forgotten. Henry Turner is mentioned
as an early circuit rider. He came from Ilillsboro and held a meet-
ing on the same day, notwithstanding the fact that they were no
pike's nor bridges. In order to be present at his many appoint-
ments, he was compelled to travel twenty-eight days in each mouth,
and thus had but little time for recreation. Such heroic devotion
to the Master's cause is highly commendable. Another early
preacher was Ebenezer Webster ; John Collins and Wilham Sim-
mons were among the first elders.

In 1850 or 1851, the present building, a neat and substantial one

740 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

story frame, was erected on tlie site occupied by the old. The
church has increased in membership, and may be said to be in a
good condition.

PROTESTANT METHODIST CHURCH.

The Pleasant Valley Protestant Methodist Church, was organized
in the school house, on the farm of WiUiam Waddle, survey num-
ber 7,332, on Snow Hill Pike, by Kev. P. F. Johnson of Sabina,
with the following original members : Henry and Lucy Luttrell,
Eli Plummer, Bird Webb, Jacob Allen, Sarah Allen, Samuel Allen,
a local preacher, Harriet Allen, Deborah Morris, Joseph Stevenson,
Susanna Stevenson, and Mr. and Mrs. William Tainer. They join-
ed the Sabina Circuit, and held meetings regularly. A neat one
story frame structure was erected, and still serves its purpose.
Friends of the organization subscribed work and material, hence
the exact cost is unknown. The church is now associated with
the Washington Circuit, and it has a membership of sixty-two,
aside from a number recently converted, who will soon be admitted.
Preaching by the minister every third Sunday, though meetings
are held every Sabbath ; Jason Hinkle, present pastor. A Sunday-
school was organized soon after the church, and is still continued ;
superintendent, Walter Morris.

SCHOOLS.

It is noted in the history of every settlement that her pioneers were
subjected to many days of ceaseless toil; indeed, every member of
the family, if able, assisted in the tiresome task of clearing and
breaking the ground The settlers of Concord Township were no
exception to the general rule, and the youth of that day enjoyed
but few educational advantages; simply becaused home duties re-
quired the undivided attention of all. In the course of a few years
matters began to assume a more encouraging aspect; the soil be-
came fertile from careful tilling, and pioneer hardships were de-
creasing. The parent looked to the interest of his loved ones,
realizing that steps must be taken to educate them in the ordinary
branches at least.

CONCORD TOWNSHIP. 741

The families residing in tlie various neighborhoods opened sub-
scription schools as soon as practicable, erected a rude log cabin,
and engaged the services of one who had more or less " book larnin "
and paid him a small amount as a salary; his chief support being
obtained by "boarding around." From the limited data at our
command, we have endeavored to trace some of the earliest schools
of the township. Levi Rovve is authority for the statement that
"the first school house stood on the banks of Sugar Creek;" the
first teacher was William Sweet, who was succeeded by J. D. Moon.
Four or five families living east and west of the Randolph survey,
erected a small cabin in the center of said survey, in 1824 or 1825,
which was used for educational purposes. Of other cabins, built
for school purposes, in the various parts of the township, we have
no knowledge. As the country became more settled, an increased
interest was manifested in this cause, which has continued unabat-
ed, and to-day Concord boasts of seven handsome brick buildings,
properly equipped, and in charge of ladies and gentlemen of rare
merit and ability.

INCIDENTS.

Of the wife of John Wright, it is said that she was a woman of
enterprise, industry, and business habits. During the war of 1812,
her husband being a soldier in that campaign, she, with the help
of a small boy, cultivated and gathered nine acres of corn, amount-
ing to four hundred bushels; the boy ploughed while she hoed.
According to a pioneer superstition, in order to raise flax success-
fully it was necessary to sow the seed on Good Friday. In the
year above mentioned, Mr. Wright had the ground broken and
ready for seeding on the day preceding. During the night snow
fell to the depth of six inches. The lady was very much troubled
upon making this discovery, but, nothing daunted, dressed herself
warmly, and proceeded to seed the around through the snow. The
result was satisfactory, and the old lady often boasted of the won-
derful crop she raised by sowing the flaxseed on Good Friday.

Mrs. Moore, of whom mention has been made, desiring to visit
Kentucky, her native state, engaged a horse of John Wright, for .
the use of which she was to have the animal shod, and bring the

742 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

owner a quart of apple seeds. The contract was carried out to
the letter, and from the seed was planted the first orchard in
southern Fayette. Some of the trees are still standing, and bear
fruit.

Jeremiah Dunn was the first person who died in the neighbor-
hood. In the absence of a graveyard and cofi&n, it was decided to
wrap the remains in a blanket and bury them in an old Indian
burying ground, on the east bank of Paint Creek.

Caleb "Wright, who came to Fayette County in about 1807, was
a single man, and when the war of 1812 was declared by congress,
he volunteered as an Indian spy. He continued in that critical
and dangerous capacit}^, traversing hills, plains, valleys and swamps,
for one year; feeding on wild meat, hiding in the black swamps,
and continually encountering the most imminent perils to which
his peculiar occupation exposed him.

T. H. Maddox, son of James Maddox, an old settler, is said to
have been the first blacksmith in the township. He was a class-
leader in the Methodist Ej^iscopal Church, and a licensed preacher
in the United Brethren Church.

O. II. Wright w^as the first millwright and carpenter.

William Thompson was the first justice of the peace.

The name of John B. Rowe, who lived in the immediate vicinity
of the present village of Staunton, is remembered in connection
with prowess in hunting. He was never known to say that he
had killed Indians, but had seen them " get down from fences,"
" lie down at the root of a tree," or some such expression, indicat-
ing that he might have hurt them.

In an early day, the wild condition of the country afforded
ample opportunities for the trapping and killing of game.

MILLS.

The first mill for the grinding of grain, sawing of lumber, and
distilling of w^hisky, was built on Sugar Creek by Adam Taylor.
The lands were low and wet, and fever and ague was prevalent,
which was cured by frequent draughts of whiskj. The old " still "
was a favorite trysting place of the old settlers. Taylor afterwards
became involved, and abandoning the premises removed to the

CONCORD TOWNSHIP. 743

west." The mill was never operated after his departure, and has
long since been washed down the waters of Sugar Creek, Prior
to its erection, the pioneers carried their grain to " horse mills" at
Washington and Sabina. These towns are still visited by those
who wish their grain converted into flour; but instead of the slow
gait of the horse, the mill-stones are now propelled by mammoth
steam engines, then utterly unknown.

STAUNTOK.

This, the only village in Concord, is situated in the north w^estern
part of the township, within one mile of Sugar Creek, and in close
proximity to Hankin's Kun. The village was laid out in 1848, as
will be seen by the following extract from an agreement recorded
in the " County Plat Book ; "

Whereas it is mutually agreed by and between the undersigned,
that there shall be a town laid out and established in Concord
Township, Fayette County, and State of Ohio, at the place where
the village of Staunton is now situate, so as to include said village;
and inasmuch as the undersigned are all interested, each one own-
ing a part of the premises upon which it is intended to locate said
town, and will be mutually benefited thereby, and in order to the
proper accomplishment of said purpose, have entered into and
signed an agreement in writing, in substance as follows:

Staunton, Fayette County, Ohio,

September 5, 1849.
We, the undersigned, citizens of the above place and vicinity,
do hereby agree to sign and properly execute such instrument, as
may be drawn up by a competent attorney-at-law, providing for
the establishment of a town at the above place, and to appoint
three commissioners for the purpose of carrying the matter into
effect. They are instructed to run two rows of lots and one street
on each side of the State road, and as many cross streets and alleys
as they may deem necessary; the principal streets to run east and
west, parallel with said State road. The commissioners are further
instructed to pay due regard to the buildings now up; to take into
consideration the advantage and disadvantage of each individual
concerned, etc.

744 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Following are the names of the subscribers:

Willis Rowe, John Stuckey, James Holbrook, William Craig,
Stroder Evans, P. F. Johnson, David M. Terry, Jonathan Burgess,
David Pollock, William Long, James 'N. Flanegau, Charles Van
Pelt, William Heller, Jesse Rowe, Jacob Jamison (provided a street
runs through his lot, the commissioners are to value his lot, and he
is to be paid for it if he wishes to sell it), Thomas J. Craig, Thomas
McCorcle, D. S. Craig.

On the 19th of September, in the same year, Daniel McLean,
Micajah Draper, and John S. Burnett, were appointed commission-*
ers, and received from the owners, Jesse Rowe, jr., Jacob Jamison,
David Pollock, Stroder Evans, Jonathan Burgess, and William
Craig, the land embraced in the proposed village.

The original survey was made November 25, 1849, by John L.
Burnett. Other territory has since been added.

It appears that a small settlement existed prior to, the above-
mentioned survey, as it will be seen by p, perusal of the above that
'^a town should be located at the place where the village of Staun-
ton is now situate." Our historian is informed that many houses
had previously been erected, the object of the surveying being due
to a desire of the residents to have streets and alleys.

Thomas J. Craig came to the locality from Greenfield, in 1842,
and opened the first general country store.

As early as 1835, a blacksmith shop was erected by Michael
Marks, who presided at the anvil for a number of years, and then
disposed of his workshop to Caleb Wright.

Several years after Craig's arrival, the second store was opened
by John Webster, who soon sold out to Long & Pollock, they in
turn disposing of the stock to Ellison Johnson, who was succeeded
by Charles Van Pelt.

Among the early residents of the village are mentioned the
names of Caleb Wright, T. J. Craig, and Robert Haney, who occu-
pied the three first houses, all of log; John Craig, a shoemaker;
John Webster, William Craig, associated in business with T. J.
Craig; James Holbrook, David Pollock, and Ellison Johnson, car-
penter and builder.

The village has made slow progress, presumably because it is lo-
cated at a considerable distance from any railroad, and thus can
not control the patronage of the farming community. Repeatedly
have efforts been made for the construction of railroads through

CONCORD TOWNSHIP. 745

the town and township, and shcnild the contemplated Cohinibus
and Maysville Raih'oad be built via Washington, Staunton will be
an important station on the line.

The population exceeds one hundred, the business interests being
represented as follows: Groceries, notions, etc., William Long,
Henry Limes, T. J. Craig; blacksmithing, K. B. Cole and William
Dimon; wagon-making, John Rustler; boot and shoe making, Wil-
liam Bay, James Holbrook ; physician, McAltee.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

JOHN MARTIN DEER.

John Martin Deer, farmer and stock raiser, is a son of Abraham
and Elizabeth Deer, who were natives of Virginia. They came to
Ohio about 1830, and settled on the waters of Rattlesnake Creek,
in Highland County. Here the father died about 1865. The
mother is still living, and is more than seventy years of age. They
were the parents of seven children, four sons and three daughters:
William died when cpiite young; Mary married, and lives in Ross
County, this state; Henry married, and resides in the State of In-
diana; David S. died in his twenty-second year, and was unmarried;
Anna A. married Mr. Patch, and lives near Washington; the
mother is living with her; one child died in infancy.

John M., our subject, was born in Highland County, Ohio, No-
vember 22, 1837. He married Anna E. McCleland, December 23,
1858. They have had six children, four sons and two daughters.
The daughters both died in infancy. James W., Edmund L., Ru-
fus L., and Cary O., are at home with their parents, working on the
farm. Mr. Deer and wife entered upon their married life with but
little of this world's goods; but by real industry and frugality,
rigidly adhering to his one legitimate business, and the blessing of
a kind Providence, they are the possessors of some two hundred
and fifty-two acres of most excellent land, located a short distance
w^est of Sugar Creek, on the Snow Hill pike, where they reside in
a magnificent brick house, built by John Cox, Esq., a few years
since.

746 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ALFRED DUN.

Alfred Dun, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Chillicothe,
Ohio, June 24, 1848. He is the only surviving son of John Dun,
who was a native of Scotland, his father being a Presbyterian min-
ister in Glasgow. John came to ChilHcothe in 1816 ; remained a
short time, when he went to Philadelphia, and engaged in the com-
mission business with his brother George, which proved a financial
success. In 1837 he married Amanda W. Long. With her he re-
turned to Chillicothe soon after their marriage, and remained there
until his death. Mr. Dun was born June 25, 1794, and died April
4, 1881, in the eighty-seventh year of his age. His wife is twenty
years his junior, and lives in the old homestead. Mr. Dun proved
himself to be a good financier, and amassed quite a fortune. He
was the owner of some seventy -five hundred acres of the best lands
of Ohio, situated in Ross, Fayette, Clinton, Madison, Franklin and
Logan counties. At his death, he left an estate valued at more
than half a million of dollars. Mr. and Mrs. Dun were the parents
of six children, three sons and three daughters: Elizabeth married
Mr. Kilvert, of Chillicothe, and. lives in the city. Jean married
Thomas McKell, son of William McKell, and resides in Chillicothe.
William died in infancy. Helen is single, and remains at home
with her mother. George W. was drowned in Paint Creek, at the
age of twelve. Alfred, our subject, spent his boyhood days with
his parents, in Chillicothe, attending school much of the time.
After he grew to manhood, he spent some two years with relatives
on the farm in Madison County. He also spent some five years in
California. In May, 1870, he married Miss Marietta Fort, -of
Chillicothe. In the fall of 1878, he built a fine residence on his
father's farm in this township, situated on the Greenfield and Sa-
bina pike, four miles south of Sabina. In June, 1879, the family
moved from the city to this residence, where they still remain.

This is a farm consisting of fourteen hundred acres. Originally
it was two farms; one situated in Clinton County, known as the
Quin farm ; the other on the Fayette County side of the line,
known as the Hays farm. These lands were purchased by Mr.
Dun's father many years since, at a Ioav price, but are now very
valuable. Though originally two farms, they join each other, mak-
ing one of the most magnificent farms in the country.

V.ryy • CONCORD TOWNSHIP. 747

Mr. and Mrs. Dun have five children, two sons and three daugh-
ters : Harry Alfred, Lulu, George William, Marie, and the young-
est, a daughter, unnamed. In politics he is a Democrat. He in-
herits a large fortune. Mr. Dun is a cousin of E. G. Dun, of the
mercantile agency of R. G. Dan & Co.

E. J. HOUSE.

Mrs. Eliza Jane House, widow of John House, deceased, is the
daughter of Samuel Goodnight, who at the age of twelve years re-
moved with his parents from the State of Virginia to the state of
Ohio, and settled near Buena Vista, this county. In the year 1827,
at the age of nineteen, he was married to Miss Eveline Rittenhouse
of the same neighborhood. His father having died when he was
quite young. The son, Samuel, so managed as to become the owner
of the farm, on which he lived and farmed until the year 1866,
when he removed to the State of Indiana where he still lives. He
had twelve children ; four dead and eight living.

Our subject, Eliza Jane, was born October 11, 1835, and was
married to John House, January 10, 1856. She with her husband
commenced housekeeping, on a farm, a few miles north of Wash-
ington, in the year 1859, from which they soon removed, however,
to a farm of one hundred and fifty acres, purchased by Mr. House,
known as the Higgins farm, in Concord Township, on the east
bank of Rattlesnake Creek, about one-half mile south of Wil-
mington pike. Mr. House died here January 2, 1866. The widow
assumed the management of the farm attairs, and continued the
same with marked ability. She and her children still own the
same farm.

Mr. House had been breeding short horned cattle, and in October,
1875, Mrs. House sold at public sale, the most of these for $4,300.00.
She still has quite a number remaining, however. There are but
few men who could manage a farm with so much skill and success
as she. Mrs. House has four children living and one dead : Linley
F., who is a young man now engaged in the tailoring business in
Washington ; Clara E., who is married to Mr. Edward Seaborn,
who oAvns and lives on a farm in the neighborhood ; Aria A., mar-
ried Mr. Frank Langdon, who is a farmer and lives on his own
farm in the neighborhood ; Ulysses S. is a promising lad living at
home with his mother ; Carrie died in infancy.

748 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Mrs. House has, been reading a course of medicine for some
twelve years, and has recently completed a full course .of instruc-
tion and lectures at the American Health College of Medicine at
Cincinnati, of the Vita Pathic System, from which institution she is
now a graduate, holding a diploma as such. She expects as soon
as she can manage her farm affairs to devote the greater part, if
not her entire time to the practice of medicine on the Vita Pathic
System. Mrs. House is a woman of much force of character, and is
calculated to make a success of whatever she undertakes.

CALEB H. JOHNSON.

Caleb H. Johnson, farmer and stock raiser, Seldon, is the son of
William Johnson, who was one of the pioneers of this county,
whose biography more fully appears elsewhere in this book. Mr.
Johnson is the brother of Thomas G. and Isaac M. Johnson, whose
biographies also appear in this work. He was born in Green
Township, March 29, 1829, and consequently is in the fifty-third
year of his age. He married Nancy Eow, daughter of Andrew
and Hester Row, November 16, 1850. Her parents are now dead.
They lived two years on a farm after their marriage, when they re-
solved on a trip to California. In November, 1852, they started on
their journey. At the end of thirty days they reached the great
Sacramento Valley, where they remained for six years, engaged
principally in farming, raising as high as a hundred bushels of
barley to the acre; of wheat, sixty bushels per acre. The great
valley was but sparsely settled at this early day, mining
being the absorbing interest of the country. For months their
nearest neighbor was four miles away. All nationalities and classes
of people roving over the mountains and valleys, making life and
property unsafe; but most heroicly did Mrs. Johnson bear up
amid all of these discouragements. She was the first woman who
went from this county to California, and so far as known was the
first woman who crossed the isthmus on a mule. Their career in
California was an eventful one, filled with incidents, many of which
are quite thrilling.

After their return to Ohio, they settled on a farm which he pur-
chased from Thomas Mattucks, two miles west of the village of
Staunton, on the road leading from Staunton to Sabina and Green-
field pike. They remained on this for twenty-one years, when

CONCORD TOWNSHIP. 749

they sold out and purchased what is known as the Milton Severs
farm, containing one hundred and thirty acres, in Concord Town-
ship, one-half a mile south of the village of Jasper, on the waters
of Sugar Creek. They moved to this farm in March, 1880, where
they now reside.

Mr. and Mrs. Johnson were without children until after their re-
turn from California. They now have two, one son and a daughter.
John Row the son, is a sprightly boy fifteen years old. Jenny
Riggs is a lovely, bright girl, several years younger than her
brother.

Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are genial and kind, having seen much of
life in California and elsewhere.

JOB m'cAY.

Job McCay, farmer and stock raiser, is a son of Jesse and Mary
McCay, who were natives of A^irginia. His father came to this
state, in 1803, and remained but a short time when he returned to
Virginia. In 1809, he again came to this state and settled on the
waters of Lee's Creek. He had four children by his first wife,
three daughters and one son : James, married and is dead ; Anna,
married and lives in Greene County ; Eliza, married and lives in
Clinton County ; Charity, married and is dead ; Mrs. McCay is also
dead. Mr. McCay married again, and had three sons and two
daughters by the second wife : William, unmarried and lives on
the old homestead; Sarah, married and died; Jesse, single, has
been entirely blind since he was seven years old; Leah, married
and lives in Clinton County.

Job, our subject, was born March 24, 1833, and married Ann
Marie McKee, in 1856. He came to the farm where he now lives, in
1858. They are the parents of ten children, three sons and seven
daughters: John M., their oldest son, is by profession a school
teacher, at this time following his profession in Nebraska ; Jesse,
died in infancy ; Mary Jane, Olin A., Martha E., Charlie G., Ada,
Malissa, Bell, Almia, Maggie. William, the oldest son, was born
in May, 1827. He is also a farmer and stock raiser. His post-
ofiice is Memphis, Clinton County. The two brothers, William
and Job, have been engaged together in business all their lives.
Their interests are mutual and agreeable, and they are in perfect
harmony. The one married has a large family of children; the

750 HtSTOM OF FAYE'tTi: COUlJTY.

other single, yet no discord exists. They own some eight hundred
acres of land, and are well to do respectable farmers. Their father
served in the war of 1812. Job, with his family, located on a fine
farm on the the Greenfield and Sabina pike, some four miles south
from Sabina. William, some four miles west of this near the
county line, on the waters of Loo's Creek.

ALFRED H. MARK.

Alfred H. Mark, farmer and stock raiser, is a son of Jonathan
and Susannah Mark, who were natives of Pennsylvania, and came
to this state in an early day, and settled on the waters of Sugar
Creek, in Concord Township ; but subsequently moved on the farm
which our subject, Alfred H. Mark, now^ occupies. The father
died, in 1852. The widow remained on the farm until her death,
which occurred a few years since. They had ten children, seven
sons and three daughters : Joseph, removed to Iowa and died
there; John, lives in Iowa; David, died when quite young; James,
lives in the State of Indiana; Mary, died when a young lady;
Margaret, married Mr. Lewis, but is now dead ; Isaac 'N., lives in
the State of Iowa; Mary E., wife of Benjamin Jones, lives in Iowa;
Alfred II., born June 23, 1836, and married to Mary Jane Haynes,
January 27, 1854, daughter of Isaac and Susannah Haynes, of
Clinton County, Ohio. They have had four children born unto
them, three sons and one daughter: Frank J., Annie E., Charley
and James Bruce.

Frank J. was mortally wounded by a kick on the head from a
horse, in October, 1874. The accident occurred while with his
father in the field gathering corn. After four days of suffering, he
died. The daughter and two sons are at home.

The family seem to be a family of accidents. Mr. Marks, while
yet in his teens, jumped from a train in rapid motion, and was
dragged a long distance, causing a broken arm. Again, being on
the first excursion on the Muskingum Valley Railroad, his head
came in contact with a bridge, when near Lancaster, and his head
badly scalped, besides being dangerously wounded. After his
marriage, while engaged in removing a large barn, he fell quite a
distance, which resulted in a broken and dislocated arm. He has
received numerous injuries by being kicked by horses and mules.
June 23, 1880, he suffered the loss of his right arm, by being

CONCORD TOWNSHIP. 751

caught in a threshing machine, on the old Peter Brown farm. The
arm was amputated by Drs. Foster and Wilson, of Washington.
He remained in bed but fourteen days, after which he was moving
about with the activity and cheerfullness for which he was noted.
His son, Burch, was thrown from a horse, and had his leg broken.
Charlie has had his collar bone broken twice. Annie's collar bone
Avas broken. With all these misfortunes the family is happy and
prosperous.

In 1878 Mr. Marks built a fine brick residence, at a cost of three
thousand dollars, on the spot where he was born, which he now
occupies. Politically he is a Democrat. The husband, wife and
daughter are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His
farm consists of one hundred and seventy acres, located on the
Wilmington pike, some four miles west of Washington.

LORENZO MORRIS;

Lorenzo Morris, farmer, stock raiser and butcher, is a son of
Zadok and Lydia Morris, who were natives of Virginia. They
came to Ohio in 1818, and settled in what is now Green Township,
this county, three miles north of Leesburg. Here the wife died in
1863. Mr. Morris remains on the same farm. They were the
parents of three children, two sons and one daughter. Lauretta
died at the age of sixteen. Jonathan married, and lives near his
father.

Lorenzo, our subject, was born October 30, 1834. On the 16th
of October, 1856, he married Miss Deborah A. Plumer, daughter
of Eli Plumer. For ten years they lived and farmed in Clinton
County, this state. In October, 1866, Mr. Morris purchased a farm
of two hundred and thirty-seven acres, known as the Hays farm,
in Concord Township, situated on what is known as the Snow
Hill pike, near the Clinton County line. They soon removed to
this farm, where they still remain. Mr. Morris has since purchas-
ed adjoining lands, so that the farm now contains four hundred
and twenty acres ; good land, and well located.

Our subject is an active, energetic man, continually on the go.
He has been extensively engaged in the feeding of hogs — feeding
some twelve hundred each year. This business did well for Mr.
Morris, until the cholera attacked his ho^s, which in due time
caused him to cease further operations in this direction.

752 HISTORY Of FAYETTE COUNTY.

Mr. Morris was led by rather peculiar circumstances to engage
on bis farm in tbe butchering business, opening a shop in Wash-
ington. The slaughtering of cattle, hogs, and sheep, is all done on
the farm, some nine miles west from Washington, and the meat is
hauled daily to town, where, from his commodious room, it is sold
at low but remunerative prices. In 1879 he slaughtered one hun-
dred and sixty-two beeves. In 1880 two hundred and eighty-two
beeves were killed, besides hogs and sheep. During 1881 it is ex-
pected to require from four to live hundred cattle, with, a large
number of hogs and sheep, to supply the demand, which is rapidly
increasing. Mr. Morris purchases the majority of his cattle in the
Cincinnati market. They are brought to his farm, where they are
fattened for the knife. About one hundred head of cattle are
constantly kept on hand, and they are fed, summer and winter, in
large boxes, corn in unlimited quantities, with the best of grass in
summer. As the fattest are butchered, others take their place.
Evidently Mr. Morris has succeeded so fully in reducing this busi-
ness to a system that it must prove quite remunerative.

Mr. and Mrs. Morris have six children, five sons and one daugh-
ter. The daughter, Olive, is married to James Shoop, who is a
school teacher. They have one child, and live on her father's
farm.

William Azro is a promising young man. He has spent five
years at the Adrian, Michigan, University, where he expects to
graduate.

Walter is of age, and at home, working on the farm.

Jonathan, El wood, and David, are also at home, working on the
farm.

Mr. Morris is a Republican in politics ; in religion a Methodist.

S. C. ROBERTS. •

S. G. Roberts, farmer, stock raiser, and physician. The subject
of this sketch is a descendant of John Roberts, who, together with
his two brothers, James and Henry Roberts, emigrated to the
Colony of Virginia about the period of the English Revolution, in
1688. They were natives of South Wales.

William Roberts, son of John Roberts, referred to above, was
the great grandfather of S. C. Roberts. He was born in 1724. His
children consisted of eight sons: John, Henry, Azariah, Nehemiah,

CONCORD TOWNSHIP. 753

Cornelius, William, Hanley, and Miiior William Roberts, the sixth
son, and grandfather of S. C. Roberts.

Minor William Roberts was born in Culpepper County, Virginia,
in the year 1762. He was a soldier in the war for American Inde-
pendence, and held a captain's commission at its close. lie was a
first cousin to General Andrew Jackson (their mothers being sis-
ters). He was married to Hannah Fink, March 26, 1787. The
certificate of said marriage is now in possession of S. C. Roberts,
and is very highly prized by him as an heirloom of the family!
Hannah Fink was of German descent, but was born in Virginia.
Her father, Henry Fink, and her brother, Henry Fink, jr., were
killed by the Indians at or near Clarksburg, Virginia, soon after
her marriage to William Roberts. They raised twelve children :
John B., Rebecca (Vanmeter), Henry, Hezekiah, Susan (Malone),
Daniel, WiUiam, James D., Melinda (Mackey), Isaac, Elijah W.,
and Hannah (Search). John, Henry, and Hezekiah Roberts, were
soldiers in the war with Great Britain, in 1812, serving to the end
of the war. Soon after the marriage of William and Hannah
Roberts, they emigrated to Bourbon County, Kentucky, and in 1798
to Ross County, Ohio, twelve miles east of Chillicothe, on the
waters of the Kinnikinnick, where they lived on a farm entered
from the government. They both died in the year 1835.

Isaac Roberts, the tenth child of William and Hannah Roberts,
was the father of S. C. Roberts. He was born at the old Roberts
homestead, September 3, 1804, and was married to Mercy Chedis-
ter, December 22, 1825. They had a family of eleven children.
Two died in infancy. S. C. Roberts, subject of this sketch, was
the third child, born August 31, 1832. The next was W. E. Roberts.
Wilmeth A. (Barnes), Margaret, Anna M. (Miller), Jacob U., James
D., Harriet E., and Isaac A. Roberts. Jacob U., James D., and
Isaac A. Roberts, served as soldiers in the Union army during the
late rebellion."

S. C. Roberts graduated as a doctor of medicine, with the highest
honors, at Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in the spring
of 1853, and was married on May 10th, of the same year, to Miss
Mary E. Bowen, of Bainbridge, Ross County, Ohio, that being her
native place. Her parents came from Martinsburg, Virginia.
They lived happily together until July 4, 1877, the date of her
death. They had six living children at the time of her death:
Anna M., born April 16, 1854; Charles L., born January 23, 1860;

754 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Frank K., born April 8, 1864; John I., born December 4, 1866;
Margaret A., born September 18, 1869; and Samuel C.,born March
31, 1872. Anna M. Roberts, the eldest child, died March 29, 1881,
after a lingering illness of more than two years, having contracted
a cold that caused her death. She was a highly cultivated young
lady for one of her years, and had much more than ordinary talent
as an artist, besides having received a collegiate education at Dela-
ware, Ohio. Her memory is almost worshiped by her father, sister,
and brothers. Every room in her father's house bears evidence of
her superior artistic skill. She was loved by all her large circle of
friends and acquaintances.

Isaac Roberts, father of Dr. S. C. Roberts, subject of this sketch,
died at Jackson Court House, January 18, 1873, of pneumonia,
having lived there nearly twenty years. He was a lawyer by pro-
fession, and was appointed commissioner of the board of enrollment
in that district daring the late rebellion, and also represented that
county in the Ohio Legislature in the years 1863-64. His wife,
Mercy Roberts, died May 25, 1869.

Dr. S. C. Roberts, our subject, became identified with this county
in November, 1868. He, together with the Rev. R. Pitzer, who
were then both residents of Bainbridge, Ross County, Ohio, pur-
chased of Dr. C. A. Trimble, eleven hundred and eight acres of
land, situated in Jasper and Concord townships, immediately next
the Clinton County line, what was known as the Trimble prairie
lands, bought at a very early day by Ex-Governor Trimble, of Hills-
boro (father of C. A. Trimble). Roberts and Pitzer paid for said
lands fifty thousand dollars, and divided it equally between them^
as to acreage, each residing on their respective parts of said lands.
R. Pitzer sold his land se^^eral years since, and now resides at
"Washington. Dr. Roberts still remains on what was his part of
the divide in the land.

Before coming to this county, he practiced medicine and surgery
twelve years, very successfully, at Bainbridge, Ross County, Ohio ;
and since he has resided in this county he has been a physician and
farmer, making a specialty of broom corn for several years. But
for the past two years he has been engaged in general farming,
and has also given some attention to the raising of fine stock —
short-horn cattle and Berkshire hogs — having raised some of the
finest and best ever produced in the county, with pedigrees equal
to anything in the United States.

CONCORD TOWNSHIP. 755

MARTIN ROWE.

Martin Eowe, farmer and stock-raiser, is the son of John and
Francis Rowe, who were natives of Virginia. Coming .to Ohio in
1811, they settled on the waters of the Wabash, this connty, re-
maining there until their death. The mother died in 1828, the
father in 1864. They had five children, four sons and one daugh-
ter: Willis, married and moved to Illinois, and died there in his
seventy-first year; Anderson, married, lived and died in this
county; John, married, and lives near Washington C. H. ; Mary
Jane, married, moved to Illinois and died. Mr. Rowe married for
his second wife Mrs. Lydia Furry, by whom he had six children,
four boys and two girls: George, married, and lives in this county;
David, married, and lives in Washington C. II.; Ilarve}^ married,
but his wife is dead; Edwin M., married, and lives in Staunton;
Sarah F., married, and resides in Brown County; Catharine E.,
married, and resides in Greene County, Ohio.

Martin, our subject, was born January 8, 1813. He married
Sophia M. Johnson, daughter of William and Jane Johnson, Sep-
tember 14, 1838. They at once commenced housekeeping on the
farm where they still reside, on the road leadiug from Staunton to the
Sabina pike, about one mile west from Staunton. They have eight
children, all living, four sons and four daughters: Malinda Jane
was married to E. R. Van Pelt, whose biography appears in this
book. Amanda A. was married to Henry Mark, whose biography
appears in this work. Isaac Newton married, and lives in Green
Township; he went into the army as a volunteer in the nineteenth
year of his age, and served his country faithfully for three years ;
he was honorably discharged, and reinstated. He was captured by
the enemy July 22, 1864, and taken to Andersonville Prison, where
he remained for months, suflering from hunger and abuse more
than tongue cau express. He left home a stout, robust young man,
and came back a wreck, physically, unable to do physical labor,
but commands the respect of all who know him. Mary F. was
married to Lewis Mark, and lives in the neighborhood. Eliza E.,
married to McStuckey, whose biography appears on another page.
John William, married, and lives in this county. Virgil Clark,
married, and lives in Green township, this county. Martin is sin-
gle, and lives with his parents. The farm contains two hundred

756 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

and sixty-one acres, and is in a high state of cultivation. It is
adorned with a commodious brick residence and a lovely yard.
Mr. Rovve and wife have been members of the M. E. Church for
forty-two years. They are a most excellent family, feeling very
grateful to God for his rich blessings so bountifully bestow^ed on
them.

JACOB SOLLERS.

Jacob Sollers, farmer and stock raiser, is a grandson of Samuel
and Elizabeth Sollers, who came from Pennsylvania to Ohio, in
1807, and settled on the waters of Buckskin Creek, on the line
between Ross and Fayette Counties. They were the parents of
nine chiklren, six sons and three daughters : JSTancy died in infancy.
John married, and lives on Paint Creek. Hiram died when a young
man. Matilda married, and lives near Good Hope, this county.
Allen married, and is now deceased. Samuel married, and lives in
Highland County, this state. Jacob died when a young man.
Mary died when a young woman, much afflicted. Isaac, the father
of our subject, was born in this county, December 25, 1808.
The 15th day of March 1838, he married Hannah E. Jones. The
fruit of this marriage is eleven children, six sons and five daugh-
ters : Jonathan J, went into the .army, served three years, lost his
health, came home, and died. Mary E., a young lady, at home
with her mother. Matilda, married to John Craig, lives near
Washington. Wells B., married, and lives on the home farm, a
portion of which he owns. Was out in the hundred days' service,
badly wounded, being shot in the mouth and face. Isaac M., mar-
ried, and is a minister of the gospel, a member of the Ohio Annual
Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is now sta-
tioned at Roseville, Muskingum County, Ohio. Eliza Jane was
married in Washington Court House, Ohio, October 16, 1878, to
Wheeler Ellis, of Georgetown, Colorado, by telegraph. A novel
wedding ! They were united in marriage when more than twelve
hundred miles apart. The young wife started for the home of her
husband immediately after the ceremony was performed. Alcina
M. still lives at home. Barton L., Hannah E., and Samuel L., are
at home with their mother. The father, and head of the family,
died July 23, 1876. He was a man respected by all who knew him.

Jacob, our subject, was the sixth child, and was born May 10,

CONCORD TOWNSHIP. 757

1851. Married Martha A. Sharp, December 10, 1874, by whom he
has three children : Jonathan L., John A., and Charles. He owns
and lives on a portion of the old homestead, which consists of some
five hundred and fifty acres of first-class land, situated on the Wil-
mington pike, five miles from Washington. The mother and un-
married children occupy the homestead residence. The family is
much respected, being in harmony and prosperity.

JOHN STUCKEY.

John Stuckey, farmer and stock raiser, is a son of Abraham and
Margaret Stuckey, who were natives of Pennsylvania, but eame to
this state, in 1804, and settled on the waters of Buckskin Creek,
in Ross County, this state, where they remained until their death.
They were the parents of eleven children, seven sons and four
daughters : Jacob, married and died recently at the age of eighty-
two years ; Samuel, married, moved to Indiana and died there ;
Elizabeth, married James McCay, but is now dead ; Catherine, mar-
ried, is also dead;. Daniel lived to be an old man, remained single,
but is now dead ; one died in infancy ; Abraham, married, moved
to Indiana and died ; David, married and died in this county ; Mar-
garet, married, moved to Indiana and died ; Simon, married and is
dead; Barbara, died when a young women.

John Stuckey, our subject, was born in Pennsylvania, Summer-
sett County, September 2, 1801, and came with his parents to this
state, in 1804. He married Mary Jane Kiner, of Eoss County, in the
fall of 1831. They soon moved to this county. They were bless-
ed with two children : Eliza J., married Milton Irons, and lives
near Staunton ; Jacob C, married in the State of Indiana and lives
there. Mrs. Stuckey died. Mr. Stuckey married for his second
wife Margaret Jameson, daughter of Judge Jameson, in the year -
1837 ; by whom he had five children, three sous and two daughters
Mary E., died in infancy ; Samuel W., whose history will more fully
appear in the history of the rebellion ; John D., married to Emma
Millikan, daughter of Curran Millikan, deceased, and they reside in
the suberbs of Washington ; Isabell, remained single and teaches
school ; Mathew F., married Eliza E. Rowe, daughter of Martin
and Sophia Rowe, whose biography appears on another page, Jan-
uary 8, 1868. They have five children, all daughters : Margaret
E., Sophia M., Minnie B. and Etta M. Mathew F. was born Aii-

758 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

gust 16, 1845, and lives in the old homestead, his aged father living
with him.

Our subject's second wife died, September 3, 1863. In October,
1866, he married Miss Mary Middleton, of Ross County, with
whom he lived most happily until December, 1872, when she died.
Mr. Stuckey is one of the oldest settlers of the county, a man of
untarnished reputation, honest and upright. He has been a Chris-
tian gentleman for nearly half of a century, and has been a mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

ELI RUSSELL VAN PELT.

Eli Russell Van Pelt, farmer and stock raiser, was born in
Adams County, Ohio, August 25, 1827. He is a son of Peter and
Mary Van Pelt, natives of Tennessee, who came to Ohio and
settled on a farm in Adams County, at an early day. In 1831 they
removed to this county, and settled on a farm but a short distance
south of the village of Staunton. Here the father resided until
his death. His widow is still living on the farm with her son
Simon and family. She is now in her eighty -second year, and
shows marked evidences of her old age. For more than seventy
years she has been a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. They were the parents of twelve children : Charles,
farmer, living in Highland County ; Sarah, married to William
Craig, and lives in Iowa; Mary, married to William Johnson, and
lives in Kokonio, Indiana; Susan, married to Andrew Post, both
deceased; Peggy A., deceased; Andrew, married, and lives in this
county; Elizabeth, married to George Rowe, and resides in this
county; William S., died in California, in 1856; Simon P., mar-
ried, and lives on the farm with his mother; Malinda Jane, de-
ceased; Oliver P., killed at the battle of Shiloh, in 1862.

Our subject, Eli R., went to California in 1851, and remained
five years in the mines, which proved a financial success. Soon
after his return home he married Malinda Jane Rowe, daughter of
Martin Rowe. They are without children. . They own and live on
a most excellent farm of one hundred and twenty acres, adjoining
the village of Staunton.

On Mr. Van Pelt's return home from California, they encounter-
ed a most terrible storm of four days' duration, when in the Gulf
of Mexico, expecting every moment the vessel and all on board to

CONCORD TOWNSHIP. ^ 759

be lost. This vessel was considered unsafe, and was condemned
on her arrival at port, but was repainted and given the name
of " Central America." On her first trip, when returning, she was
met in the same gulf, and went down, losing some four hundred
lives, and two millions in gold dust.

Mr. Van Pelt in politics is a staunch Republican. lie is also a
sound temperance man. Himself and wife are members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church.

WILLIAM WADDLE.

William Waddle, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Ireland,
May 10, 1827. He is the son of Francis W. and Anna Waddle,
who ^vere natives of Ireland. Coming to America in 1840, they
located in Chillicothe, Ohio. They were the parents ot three
daughters and two sons : Elizabeth married, and lives in Eoss
County, Ohio. Margaret and Ellen were twins; both are dead.
Francis is married, and owns and lives on a farm joining our sub-
ject's. William married Miss Dorcas Murry, daughter of George
Murry, who lived near Kingston, Pickaway County, Ohio, in 1852.
They lived six years in Ross County, when he purchased a portion
of what was known as the Trustin Adams farm, in this township,
situated on the Snow Hill pike, about one mile west from Rattle-
snake Creek. In 1858 they removed to this farm, where they still
remain.

Mr. Waddle and wife, by economy and industry, have been able
to purchase other lands, so that the farm, or farms, contains eight
hundred and fifty acres, in a good state of cultivation. They are
out of debt. They are the parents of eleven children, five sons and
six daughters : Rebecca, the eldest, married John W. Hoppis, with
whom she lived some ten j^ears, when she died with consumption,
leaving three children. On the 25th of November, 1880, Mr. Hop-
pis married for his second wife, Anna, the second daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Waddle. George is a promising son, twentj^-six years of
age, single, and at home with his parents. He has recently been
ordained a minister of the gospel in the Old School Baptist Church,
and is said to be a most excellent young man. The son-in-law, Mr.
Hoppis, occupies the same relation to the Baptist Churcli. William
is married, and lives on the home farm. Luc}', John, Mary, Oliver,
Ida, Dora, and Joseph, are at home with their parents.

760 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Mr. and Mrs. Waddle feel that they have been highly favored by
the Divine Being. Out of a family of eleven children, they have
had but one death, and that daughter died in the triumphs of the
Christian religion. Except at the birth of their children, they
never but once had occasion to call a physician to their aid. In
politics, Mr. Waddle is a Democrat. In religion, the family are
Old School Baptists, much attached to the church of their (Choice,
and devoted to the service of the Saviour.

THOMAS S. WORTHINGTON.

Thomas S. Worthington, farmer and stock raiser, is a son of Jo-
seph and Harriet Wo-rthington, whose biography appears elsewhere
in this book. He was born in Fairfield Township, Highland Coun-
ty, Ohio, August 18, 1829. At the age of seventeen, he was placed
by his father in charge of his large farm, on tlie waters of Rattle-
snake Creek, in this township. Here he remained, and continued
to work for his father, until he was twenty-seven years of age, when
he married Sarilda Parey, daughter of Samuel Parey, of Highland
County. She died in one year and six months after her marriage.
Mr. Worthington married for his second wife, Mrs. Margaret Spen-
cer (formerly Margaret Persinger), by whom he had two children :
Joseph Burnell, now married, and living on his father's farm, and
Harriet, also married, and living on the home farm.

Mr. Worthington's farm contains some fifteen hundred acres of
as rich, fertile land as can be found in the county, all in one body,
being on the east side of Rattlesnake Creek, reaching up to the
Snow Hill pike, and situated on both sides of the Charleston road.
The entire farm is under fence, and in a good state of cultivation.
Much of it is used for meadow and grazing purposes. Our subject
confines himself strictly to his business, giving personal attention
to the varied interests of this large farm.

ROBERT AVORTHINGTON.

Robert Worthington, farmer and stock raiser, was born Septem-
ber 28, 1831. His father, Joseph Worthington, was born in Ross
County, this state, February 8, 1804. In the year 1827, he married
Hannah Shields, and the following year moved to Fairfield Town-
ship, Highland County, this state, and settled on a farm where he

CONCOfflD TOWNSHIP. 76\

has continuously resided until the present time. He has been -one
of the most widely and well known men of this county ; although
taking no very active part in politics or other aft'airs. His occupa-
tion has been farming, and he has been remarkably successful, ac-
cumulating a large property. This aged couple has been blessed
with four children : Thomas, born in 1829 ; Joseph, born in 1883 ;
William D., born in 1837, died June 4, 1854.

Our subject married Catharine Cox, March 17, 1853, by whom he
had one son, who was left motherless by the death of the mother,
which occurred in one year after her marriage. Mr. Worthington's
mother took charge of the infant babe, and has seen him grow up
to manhood. He still remains with his grandparents, though
twenty-seven years of age. Robert remained single for eight years,
living a lonely life on his large farm. Sometimes having a family
with him in his house, and sometimes all alone.

In July, 1863, he was called to Chillicothe, this state, in defence
of his country, and especially in opposition to John Morgan and
his raiders. By a seemingly strange coincidence of circumstances,
he was led in the midst of that most wonderful excitement, on that
memorable occasion, to the house of Andrew McDonald for food
and shelter, where he formed the acquaintance of his present wife.
Miss. Jennie McDonald, daughter of Mr. McDonald. Miss Jennie,
was a bright, intelligent, and cultivated young lady, teaching school
in the city and residing with her parents. December 10th, of the
same year, they were married; soon after, she came with her hus-
band to his log cabin, on his magnificent farm, on the waters of
Eattlesnake Creek, on the road leading from Staunton to Lees-
burgh.

This is quite a change for Mrs. Worthington, from the city, the
school room and a nice city home, to the log cabin on a thousand
acre farm ; but she was equal to the task, and most grandly has she
succeeded in this new order of things. Mr. Worthington thinks
that the Morgan raid was not so disasterous after all, at least so far
as he is concerned. They have two children : Maggie, born De-
cember 29, 1866 ; William, born April 19, 1870. They have also,
an adopted daughter, Rhoda Tobin, adopted when but four years
of age, now a young lady of nineteen, much loved by the family.
Indeed, she is regarded as one of the family.

The farm consists of twelve hundred and twenty-two acres, all
in a high state of cultivation, mostly used for grazing purposes.

762 HISTOKY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Some three hundred head of cattle are fed and grazed by Mr.
"Worthington each year on this farm.

In 1871, he bnilt a magnificieut residence, which is one of the
finest in the county, at a cost of more than nine thousand dollars,
which he occupies. This family are devout Christians, all members
of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

The writer of this sketch has been in the ministry for more than
thirty years : In all that time, seldom, if ever, has he met a family
of so much wealth and business, so fully devoted to God and his
cause as this family.

ANTHONY WAYNE WRIGHT.

Anthony Wayne Wright, farmer and stock raiser, was born in
March, 1812. He is the son of John Wright, whose biography, or
family history appears in the sketch of Concord Township. Our
subject married Sarah Wright (no relationship existing) in 1833,
by whom he had three children, one son and two daughters: Mar-
garet, Samantha Jane, and Jasper W. Mrs. Wright died October
19,1840.

In 1843, Mr. Wright married Margaret Caylor, by whom he had
one son, John A., who lives on a farm near Jefi'ersonville, in. this
county. Jasper W. owns and lives on the portion of his father's
home farm lying on the east side of Sugaj- Creek, in Union Town-
ship. The two daughters are living at home with their parents.
Samantha Jane has been married twice ; both husbands are dead.
She has an interesting son, ten years of age, James L. Cannon, liv-
ing with her and his grandparents.

Mr. Wright is the owner of a most excellent farm on Sugar
Creek, where he resides, and is quite active and enterprising for a
man of his years. His wife is his senior by several years, and
shows signs of advancing age.

GREEN TOWNSHIP.

As will be seen by reference to the chapter in which are men-
tioned the original boundaries of the various townships, Green for-
merly embraced all of Concord, and a part of Jasper and Perry
townships.

In compiling a historical sketch of this township, the writer has
confined himself strictly to its present limits. It is bounded on the
north and east by Concord and Perry townships, on the south by
Highland, and on the west by Chnton County, thus forming the
southeast corner of Fayette. Rattlesnake Creek enters survey
5348, Hows southeastwardiy to survey 3986, thence south to the
county line, constituting a part of the eastern border. Lee's Creek
has its source in Concord Township, thence flows southeast, enter-
ing Green in survey 5349; thence south, crossing the entire town-
ship, and entering Highland County. These are the only import-
ant streams flowing through the limits of Green.

The soil in general is a black loam, which has been drained quite
extensively, and is highly productive of corn and wheat.

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.

The unrelenting hand of death has been laid on many of the
pioneers of Green Township. Indeed, of the first settlers none re-
main; and with them has passed away much valuable information,
without which the compilation of this work is certainly a diflicult
task. The following has been gleaned from the most authentic
sources now accessible.

Aside from the stragglers, hunters, and trappers, who visted this
locality in .the early days of this century, Jesse Rowe, it is generally
conceded, was the first white inhabitant within the present limits
of Green Township.

He immigrated from Virginia to Ross County, Ohio, in 1803, with

763

764 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

his family of nine children: John, Jesse, jr., William, James, Eliz-
abeth, Mary, Jane, Susan, and Sarah.

In 1807, the family removed to Fayette County, and located on
Little Wabash, the old homestead. Shortly after the county organ-
ization (1810) he was elected justice of the peace, and served four
terms; also served as trustee, and in other township offices.

He was a class-leader and exhorter in the Methodist Episcopal
Church to the close of his life, the first class-meeting in the locality
having been held in his cabin. In his will he left a liberal legacy
to the church, the interest to be paid annually, and was truly called
the father of Methodism in Fayette County.

He died in 1845, at a ripe old-age, respected and regretted by all
AVho knew him. During the Revolutionary War he served as a
private.

John Rowe, the oldest son, settled on land given him by his
father, near the old home, and was the father of eleven children,
several of whom are still living. He was an active participant in
the war of 1812, and held several important offices. His death
took place in 1863.

Jesse Rowe, jr., settled in Green, but removed to Concord Town-
ship at the expiration of five years. He was trustee ; and after the
surrender of Hull, volunteered to defend his country, under Gen-
eral Batteal Harrison.

William Rowe removed to Ross County.

James Rowe removed to the South at an early day. By profes-
sion he was a preacher. He located at Huntsville, Alabama, mar=-
ried, and attended a select school till the death of his wife. At
the division of the church on the slavery question, he sided with
the South, preaching up to the outbreaking of the rebellion, when
he came North, where he remained till the close of the war, then
went to Georgia, where he died.

The other children of Jesse Rowe, sr., filled honorable stations
in life, and their descendants are living in the neighborhood.

Another- pioneer deserving prominent mention was Thomas
Moon, sr., who came to Ohio from Virginia, in 1810, with his fam-
ily,- consisting of John, Jacob, Christine, Jane, David, William,
James, Margaret, and Thomas, jr., and settled on Rattlesnake
Creek. He was a Quaker in religion, conscientiously opposed to
the war, which accounts for his not being a soldier in the Revolu-
tionary and Indian wars. He purchased a tract of land in this

GREEN TOWNSHIP. 765

township, called the dividing ridge, on which he erected the first
flour and saw-mill and distillery in the township, and, so far as is
known, the first in the county. The place soon became a favorite
resort for customers. His flour gave good satisfaction, and there-
fore was patronized extensively. The mill still stands, and until re-
cently was run by Thomas Moon, jr.

Mr. Moon's land purchases amounted to eleven hundred acres,
five hundred of which were in Highland County. His Fayette
County land was in woods. The cabin was built with a puncheon
floor, clapboard roof, fire-place made of split timber, and a stick
chimney. In one week he cleared four acres, and in the fall follow-
ing cleared six additional acres, which he sowed in wheat. Wolves
and game abounded. The squirrels came in droves, and were so
numerous that he was compelled to feed them outside of the fences,
to prevent his crops from being devoured. He departed this life
in 1828, aged seventy-one years, having in his lifetime held the office
of trustee, and many other offices of public trust.

John D. Moon was a good school teacher, and served under Gen-
eral Andrew Jackson, at New Orleans.

Jacob Moon settled on Rattlesnake ; was a farmer by occupation,
and went out during the general call in 1812.

Captain Thomas Moon lived on the old homestead, running the
mills, and farming. He served five years as captain of the militia,
and died at the age of seventy -five years.

The other members of the family perpetuated the good name of
the parents.

David Davis was born in Pennsylvania, in 1785, and in 1817 im-
migrated to Ohio, settling near Centerfield, Highland County, where
he raised one crop of corn, then moving to Green, locating on the
farm of John Garrett, in a cabin afterward used for school pur-
poses. He rented one year here, and then bought fifty acres of
land from Mr. Garrett, on which he shortly afterward erected a log
cabin.

He married Hannah Gelvin in Pennsylvania, by whom he had
eight children, whose names, in the order of their birth, were as
follows : Mary, Branson, Nancy, William, David, Catharine, Han-
nah, and Melissa. At his death, which occurred in 1855, he owned
one hundred and six acres of land, where his son Branson now re-
sides. His wife survived him till 1856.

The following personal sketches are taken from the County
Atlas :

766 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

The aged grandslre loved to tell of early privation, hunting, ad-
venture, and perilous and distant journey for necessary food and
raiment, and Fayette history is full of incidents of daring and en-
durance. '

Edward Smith, sr., entered lands on the banks of Paint Creek,
known as the East Fork, in the year 1810. He found his entry
covered with trees. A wigwam served for a couch by night and
shelter from storm and beast. He began the accustomed work of
the border, to make an opening and clear up lands for a starting
crop. The news of war declared, caused him to lay aside the ax,
and with his rifle go forth to protect the frontier and repel the in-
vader. Peace came, and again his ax rang amid the sea-like soli-
tude, and trees came toppling down. One night, returning from
the county seat, he found the creek well up, but rode in fearlessly,
and was thrown from his horse and drowned.

A story told of Alexander Cupper, and dating back to 1783, is
to the effect that he and the well-known Daniel Boone, of Ken-
tucky, were taken prisoners at the Three Islands by the Indians.
When within seven miles of Oldtown, Boone contrived to es-
cape, but Cupper was all the more closely guarded, taken
to the town, tried by Indian council, and condemned to the stake.
Confined in a secure structure and guarded by two powerful sav-
ages, no opportunity was afforded to secure his freedom. The
night before the intended burning having arrived, he was ordered
to run the gauntlet down the rows of savages. Cupper sped down
the line a short distance, broke through, left his pursuers far be-
hind, and, burying himself in the deep forest of the present Con-
cord Township, took refuge on the banks of the Little Wabash,
whence he safely made his w^ay to Three Islands on the Ohio.

George Kneedler came to tlie township in 1810, and settled in
the dense forests, near the waters of Rattlesnake. His father was
a soldier under General Washington, in the revolutionary war, and
he, true to the precedent set by his noble sire, was an active par-
ticipant in the war of 1812. He was twice married; had twelve
children by his first wife, and. one son by his second.

William Johnson left Virginia, the place of his nativity, in 1810,
and removed to Ross County, in company with Judge McCracken.
He settled in Hellard's Bottom, on Paint Creek, where he remain-
ed until 1816, at which time his family was composed of five chil-
dren: Anna, Thomas, George, Sarah, and William Henry. He

GREEN TOWNSHIP. 767

purchased one hundred acres (now known as the Levi Bryant farm)
of Jesse Rowe, on which he located, and began improving at once.
By careful industry he had accumulated about five hundred acres
at the time of his death, which occurred in 1833.

The nearest neighbors of the Johnsons were John Rowe, John
Draper, and another John Draper who lived on Rattlesnake. As
an illustration of the scarcity of neighbors, we state, upon the
authority of Thomas G. Johnson, that children were in the habit
of going five miles to play with each other.

The southwest corner of Green Township was settled by Vir-
ginians and Il^orth Carolinians, members of the denomination
known as the Society of Friends. The first were James Smith,
who located in the extreme corner on a portion of survey number
1082, and Enos Haines, a portion of whose lands adjoined the
Clinton County line.

Z. Morris, in about 1820, came to this state to look at the coun-
try, and select a tract of suitable land. He was born in Grayson
County, Virginia, about fourteen miles from the North Carolina
border. His lands were hilly and barren, and upon satisfying him-
self as to the productiveness of the new state, he determined to
leave his native state to return no more ; a step which, to use his
own words, " he has never regretted." He was accompanied by
his brother, Isaac, and located on a one hundred acre tract, sur-
veyed for Abram Hight, but which he purchased of Daniel Bur-
ess. The settlement Avas made in 1823, and he has resided there
ever since, having added land to the original purchase, from time
to time, and now owns three hundred and twenty-eight acres, all
in a high state of cultivation.

The neighborhood was settled up by William Bankson, Joshua
Haines, Philip Barger, one of the first settlers ; Enos Reeder, Ed-
mund and James McVey, all Quakers, and good citizens. They
and their descendants still reside on the old homesteads.

SCHOOLS.

It was a matter of profound regret that the opportunities for
educating the youth of " ye olden time " were very meager. The
pioneer and every member of this household, were obliged to earn

768 History of fayette cotJNTY.

a living " by the sweat of their brows." Money was scarce, it being
difficult at times to pay taxes ; hence our forefathers were sorely
troubled as to what course should be taken, 23roperly, to educate
their children. Some of the ladies began teaching in their own
cabins, and had scholars who walked four or five miles to attend.
Steps were also taken to orgrnr'zo subscription schools. Twenty-
five scholars were sufficient to constitute a school; the subscription
price being $1.50 each. If the subscribers were unable to pay the
tuition of their children, their wealthier and more fortunate neigh-
bors supplied the deficiency. The first school house, a primitive
structure, was composed of round logs for walls, a clapboard roof
fastened on by poles, a puncheon floor, a mud chimney, seats of
poles split into two equal parts, and w^indows made by greasing
paper, and fastening it over the cracks where the scholars found
liffht the most convenient. It was built on the Little Wabash, in
1819, where the heirs of Squire Cay reside at present. This pion-
eer cabin was attended by scholars w^ho resided in the subscription
district, which was six miles square, and in the winter of 1819,
was in charge of Ebenezer Christy, a great teacher — when he was
sober. One Bradshaw, was an early teacher. The school houses
of the township, at present, are good substantial brick or frame
buildings, with good furniture and all needful apparatus, and are
well supported.

CHURCHES.

In the preceding chapters of this work, the reader has ascer-
tained the manner in which the pioneer conducted his private and
public affairs, and under what circumstances religion was first in-
troduced. A repetition is unnecessary, and we simply state that
the first preacher as given us was Robert Dobbins, and the date
1815, and proceed to the histories of the various religious organi-
zations :

METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH.

cotemporary with the formation of the denomination. Robert

GREEN TOWNSHIP. 769

Dobbins, above mentioned, had long been a consistent member and
pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but became dissatisfied,
and proceeded to organize a society under the new discipline of the
new denomination. The organization met in school houses and
private dwellings, till about the year 1835, when tliey erected a
small frame, in the lower end of the cemetery, northeast of the
present building. The latter was built in 1857, is forty-five feet
long and thirty-five wide, and presents a neat and inviting appear-
ance. The organization is rather weak at present, and holds ser-
vices every three weeks ; Kev. Hinkle being the pastor.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The Buena Vista Methodist Episcopal Church, was organized
in 1830 or 1832, on Rattlesnake Creek, near the site of Buena
Vista, in the school house where the settlers were m the habit of
holding their elections. Their first building, a small frame, was
put up in 1845, and some ten years later the present structure, also
a one story frame, was erected.

The Olive Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church is the oldest or-
ganization, and in all probability was formed by the pioneer preacher
of the townshi'p, Eev. Dobbins. The society worshipped in a rude
log cabin for a number of years. The present frame structure was
erected about twenty years ago.

BUENA VISTA.

Buena Vista is the only village in the township, and is located
on a part of survey 3987, near Rattlesnake Creek. It contains a
population of about one hundred and twenty-five, and for its size
does a considerable amount of business.

In the year 1832, John W. Simpson and Stephen Tudor came to
the present site of the village to purchase ground. The former
bought a lot of James Larkins, while the latter located on the lot
now owned by Jefitrey Higgins. The main street was at that time
a so-called township road, but was changed into a state road one
year later. Simpson returned to Highland County, took unto him-
self a wife, and with her came back to his new purchase, erected a

770 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

small cabin, and removed therein. This was the first married
couple that settled within the present limits of Buena Vista.

Stephen Tudor was a carpenter by trade, and remained in the
new settlement till 1835, when he sold his property to one Sloan,
who lived there but a few months, and disposed of his home to
Mr. Fox, who in turn sold the same to Lorenzo Vickers and Wil-
liam Moon.

The first store was opened by John Simpson, who kept a small
stock, and frequently refused to sell as much calico as his lady cus-
tomers wished, because he did not wish to dispose of his entire
stock.

Soon after, other stores were opened by Bell & Jenkins, of Wash-
ington, Isaac Tracy, Moon, Vickers, and Silas Iron.

Thomas Dowden ran the first blacksmith shop, which stood near
the present " town pump," on the lot now owned by Mrs. Mary
Burnett. James McKinney also started a blacksmith shop.

William Blair started a shoe and " whisky" shop.

Daniel McKinney was the first physician. It was his first prac-
tice, and he met with a deserved success.

The settlement was originally called " Goatsville," the name
arising from the following circumstance: Simpson was a member
of the German Baptist Society, which was usually known by the
cognomen of " Dunkards." Preachers and members of this or
ganization were in the habit o| stopping at his house, and as they
allowed their hair and beards to grow quite long, it was considered
that they bore a striking resemblance to the animal after which
the settlement was named.

TOWi^SHIP OFFICERS.

From the fact that the early records of the township have been
lost, it will be impossible to give the original township officers, but
we subjoin a list of the present, which are as follows :

Trustees, William Burnell, Albert Bonecutter and I. ]^. Rowe ;
justices of the peace, G. W. Smith and B. N. Wain; constable,
Henry Blair; clerk, William Thomas; treasurer, C. A. Kneedler;
assessor, O. L. Kennedy.

GREEN TOWNSHIP. 771

TOWNSHIP LEVIES FOR 1881.

General township fund, $400.00 ; for rofid purposes, $100.00, and
in addition to this, one mill on the dollar. School tuition, $1,200-
00 ; contingent, $210.00. (In addition to this, $60.00 was levied on
Fairfield Township, Highland County, for the support of sub-dis-
trict i^o. 4, (jrreen Township, which is partly made up from that
township.) Also, $1,000.00 was levied for building school houses
in the township.

DISTILLERIES, MILLS, THIEA^ES, INCIDENTS, ETC.

The first distillery in the township was started by Thomas Moon,
on the site of his mill ; another was started, a number of years later,
by Abraham Crispin.

Throwii,upon their own resources, the settlers either went bare-
footed or wore moccasins, though in 1817, the first shoemaker es-
tablished himself hi the township. His name was David Bradshaw,
and his work, though rude, was appreciated by his neighbors, who
patronized him liberally.

Abram Bush is given as the first wagon-maker; a half-breed In-
dian, who bore the name of Zimmerman, as the pioneer doctor.

The first marriage took place January 7, 1801 ; the contracting
parties being David Moon and Mary Ellis. The ceremony was
performed by Ralph Stout, the first justice of the peace. The
squire also officiated at the marriage of Jesse McCoy and Martha
Sander, during January, 1811, and Uriah Jackson and Ann Allen,
March 7, 1812.

The memory of the old settlers is at fault as to the first births
and deaths, hence we are unable to give them.

Green Township was not exempted from the frequent visits of
thieves and robbers, who infested this country in the olden time.
A majority of the old settlers were from Virginia and adjoining
states, and to their credit be it said, scorned to do anything dishon-
est. There was a certain element, however, whose nativity cannot
be traced to any particular locality, which lived the life of an idler
and gained a subsistance by robbing the poor pioneer of his hard

772 ■ HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

earned property. Horses, cattle aud swine, were stolen when op-
portunity offered, and the honest farmer was compelled to fasten
his doors witli padlocks — something unusual in those days. Wil-
liam Johnson was in the habit of fastening his doors every night,
and on a certain evening requested his son, Thomas, to close up
the stables. The young man proceeded to the barn as directed,
but upon approaching, was surprised to discover a strange horse
tied near the door. He advanced cautiously, was just about to en-
ter, when a man emerged from the inside, mounted the horse, and
was oft" like a flash. It was surmised that the stranger had arrang-
ed to steal the horses and fly wnth them under cover of darkness ;
luckily his plan was frustated at the last moment.

This and future generations will point with pride to the noble
eftbrts of our forefathers, to earn a home for themselves and pos-
terity. They encountered innumerable hardships on their journey
hither; upon their arrival saw nothing before them save a dense
and almost endless forest, inhabited by wild game, and usually had
no means by which to provide for their families except their robust
frames and iron wills.

It was their flrst duty, after erecting a humble cabin to shield
them from storm and the midnight attack of wolves, to free from
timber a small tract of land, and plant it in life necessaries. When
the harvest came, there was rejoicing in more than one household
over the plentiful crops raised the first year.

But soon another obstacle presented itself. The harvest was
gathered, but how were they to convert the corn and wheat into
flour ! The steam mill was utterly unknown, water-mills were few
and far between, and as a last resort recourse was had to the " horse
mill." Presumably there was no tread mill in this township, though
there were several in the adjoining township of Wayne, where the
inhabitants were wont to go. The process of grinding in one of
these primitive affairs was very tedious, and frequently two days
were consumed in going, grinding, and returning. Others went to
Springfield, wdiere there was a good water mill. When the canal
was dug via Chillicothe, it was considered a great blessing to our
pioneers, as they had then but thirty mileb to go to mill. The erec-
tion of the Moon mills proved to be a great boon, and as the flour
gave good satisfaction, the proprietor discovered by a liberal patron-
age that his efforts were highly appreciated.

GREEN TOWNSHIP. " 773

BIOGRAPHICAL

ISAAC F. BARGER.

The Bargers were originally from Germany. Phillip Barger
and his wife, the grandparents of this subject, were born in Vir-
ginia, and coming to Ohio about the year 1800, settled on a tract
of four hundred acres of land on Lee's Creek. The land is now
owned by his grandson, Isaac. Their bodies were buried on the
farm. Their children were Polly, Phillip, John, and Lewis.

John, the father of this subject, married Elizabeth Pavey, July
4, 1832. She was the daughter of Isaac Pavey, one of the early
settlers of Highland County, Ohio. They were the parents of two
sons and three daughters : Polly (1833), Ann Maria (1835), Phillip
(1837), Isaac F. (1840), I^ancy Elizabeth (1842). These all died in
early life, except the subject of this sketch.

Isaac F. Pavey was born September 18, 1840. He married,
October 25, 1864, Isabel A., daughter of Samuel Pavey, of High-
land County. Mrs. Pavey was born January 2, 1846. Five chil-
dren have been born to this union, three only of whom are living :
John Willard, born March 6, 1868; Harry Quincy, born December
18, 1871 ; Leroy Taylor, born June 7, 1880. ■ Two other sons died
in infancy.

Mr. Barger is an extensive farmer, being the largest producer of
grain in Green Township. He raises and deals largely in cattle
and hogs. He owns nearly one thousand acres of land in Fayette
and Highland counties, all of which gives evidence of careful till-
age and excellent supervision. Mr. Barger and his wife have been
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church since 1874.

The father of our subject was killed by an accident, May 28, 1877;
the mother died March 16, 1879. They were both Methodists.

Our subject lias been a member of Leesburg Lodge No. 78, F.
& A. M., since 1878. He is a man of rare business activity, and
has been prominently identified with the alfairs of his township
for years past. He occupies a fine residence, built in the year 1880,
at a cost of |8,000.

Mrs. Barger's father met with a violent death, May 3, 1879.

774 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

G. W. PATTON.

G. W. Pattoii, farmer, is a son of Arthur aud Elizabeth (Wood)
Patton, and was born on the farm, where he now hves, January 7,
1840. His parents, who were natives of Virginia, came to this
state in the spring of 1832.

Mr. Patton's wife, Mary D., daughter of Hezekiah Rowe, to
whom he was married October 24, 1861, was born in this township
March 3, 1845. He has tive children : Elmer E., Minnie A., Net-
tie J., Zella V. and Ollie M., all living.

Mr. Patton is one of the solid farmers of this county, and has a
farm of two hundred and fifty acres, which is one of the best in
the township.

ISAAC NEWTON HOWE.

Isaac Newton Rowe, farmer, is a son of Martin and Sophia
(Johnson) Rowe, and was born in Concord Township, this county,
March 30, 1848. His early years were spent on the farm with his
parents.

September 17, 1861, he enlisted in the 54th 0. V. L, Company C,
and remained in Camp Dennison until February, 1862, when they
joined Sherman at Paducah. Their first engagement was at Pitts-
burg Landing, where their loss in killed, wounded and missing,
was more than half the number engaged.

In the campaign following the battle of Pittsburg Landing, Sher-
man's old division, of which the 54th constituted a part, was en-
gaged at Corinth, Yazoo Bottoms, Arkansas Post, Champion Hills,
and the siege of Vicksburg, and after the surrender of Vicksburg,
marched to the assistance of the Army of the Cumberland at
Chattanooga. They arrived in time to witness Hooker's battle
above the clouds on Lookout Mountains, and to take a part in the
storming of Missionary Ridge. From Chattanooga they marched
to the relief of Burnside, at Knoxville, and compelled the enemy
to raise the siege. January 4, 1864, the 54th 0. V. L, became by
reason of re-enlistment the 54th 0. V. V. I., and were granted a
furlough of thirty days. When his leave of absence had expired,
Mr. Rowe joined his command at Larkinsville, Alabama, and was
with his regiment during the Atlanta Campaign until captured by

GREEN TOWNSHIP. 775

the enemy, in front of Atlanta, July 22, 1864. While in the hands
of the enemy, he was confined in the prison-pens at Andersonville,
Charleston, and Florence. March 4, 1865, he was paroled, and re-
ceived his final discharge June 8th.

After returning to civil life, he attended school for two years,
and then engaged in mercantile pursuits for ten years, and is at
present tilling the soil. He has served the people of this township
as clerk and treasurer, and is now the candidate of his party (Re-
publican) for county treasurer. His wife, garah J., daughter of T.
J. Craig, to whom he was married December 28, 1870, was born
September 19, 1849. Three children have been the result of this
union ; two of whom survive : the eldest, Alva O., born November
6, 1871, died August 5, 1872; Maiza J., born September 18, 1875 ;
and Will, born January 23, 1878.

HUGH SWIFT.

Hugh Swift, farmer, was born in the north of Ireland, in 1808,
and emigrated to America in 1820. He settled in York County,
Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1836, when he removed to
Wayne County, Ohio, and from thence, in the following year, to
his present location in this township.

In 1856 he married Mary Jane Grifiith, of Highland County,
Ohio, who has borne him four children : John G., born January
16, 1857; Harriet A., born October 22, 1858; William, born Sep-
tember 24, 1860; Benjamin F., born October 22, 1867.

Mr. Swift has a well improved farm of about two hundred and
twenty-five acres, a part of which is in Highland County.

PERRY TOWNSHIP.

Perry Township was cpmposed of portions of Green and Wayne
in 1845, a full account of which is given in another part of this
work. The settlement of this territory, however, extends into the
past perhaps as far as any part of the county, reaching back to 1804.

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.

In 1796, Jonathan Wright, no doubt the first settler in Perry
Township, emigrated from Kentucky to Chillicothe, where he re-
mained till 1804, squatting then on land within the present limits
of Perry, which belonged to a Mr. C. Monroe, of Virginia, who
owned a military claim (No. 658), consisting of two thousand acres,
granted for services as an officer in the Revolutionary War.
Wright remained on this land till the following 3'ear, when he re-
moved to Wayne Township, and shortly afterward died.

In 1805, John Buck, of Virginia, bought a part of the Monroe
claim, on which he moved in the same year, occupying the same
farm till his death, which occurred in 1830.

Isaac Todhunter, a member of the Society of Friends, sharing
the proverbial hatred of his sect to the institution of slavery, in
order to remove his family from its baneful influences, emigrated
from Lost Creek, Tennessee, in December, 1804, stopping with his
sons, Isaac and liichard, who had preceded him the spring previous,
and squatted on a small prairie, the site of Leesburg, Highland
County, where they had raised a patch of corn to support the fam-
ily the first year. Here they remained till the spring of 1805, when
Mr. Todhunter purchased twelve hundred acres of land of Natha-
niel Massie (Survey No. 2620), on Walnut Creek, in the southwest-
ern part of the township, to which he immediatel}^ removed his
family, selling in the meantime six hundred acres to Thomas and
Mordecai Ellis, also of Tennessee, who at once settled on their pos-
sessions.

776

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 777

This little coiiiniuuity of Friends, was soon after joined by David
Dutton from the same neighborhood.

Isaac Todhunter, married Eachel Jnry, of Chester County,
Pennsylvania, by whom he had six children : liichard, John, Isaac,
Jury, Abner and Jacob. He remained on this land till his death,
in 1821; his wife surviving him ten years.

The following thrilling incident was related by Amos Todhunter,
relative to the early experiences of his father, Abner, in the early
days of Perry : '

About the year 1806, when the sight of an Indian presaged
bloodshed and horrid torture, Abner, a youth of fifteen, was sit-
ting in his father's cabin with several younger children, the father
and mother being absent on a visit, when he ol)served six painted
savages approaching on horseback. Though accustomed to dan-
ger, he felt his hair begin to raise as the warriors dismouiited and
entered the house. With that presence of mind, however, produc-
ed by long exposure to danger and sudden alarms, he received
them cahnly, and remembering the characteristic gratitude of the
Indian, he invited them to sit down, and placed before them the
best the larder contained, and then retired while they enjoyed the
repast. When they had finished, one of the band arose and ap-
proached him, which a second time almost paralysed him with
fear, and caused his hair again to assume the perpendicular. Giv-
ing himself up for lost, he tremblingly awaited the issue; but instead
of cleaving his head with the tomahawk, or circling his blood}^
knife around his scalp, he allayed his fears by kindly patting him
on the head, exclaiming " white man heap good, feed Indian " and
mounting their horses they rode oft', much to the relief of the fright-
ened youth.

Samuel and Warnel Tracy were among the early pioneers of
Perry, coming from Maryland as early as 1807, and settling on land
now in possession of T. G. Cockerill and Joseph Tracy.

In about 1808, Robert Adams came from Sherman's Valley,
Pennsylvania, and settled on five hundred acres of land, which he
purchased in Ball's survey, probably from Ball's agents; the Vir-
ginia Legislature having, in 1805, at Ball's death, appointed two
agents, or commissioners, to settle his estates in this state, from
vhose transactions vexatious law suits resulted in after years.

Barnabas Cochran, was born at Cape May, New Jersey, in 1773,
and came to Perry Township, in 180G, and settled on land bought

53

778 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

of Seth Smith, now in possession of T. G. Cockerill. He married
Charlotte Stites, in New Jersey, in 1799, and seven children follow-
ed this union: Sallie, Deborah, Charlotte, James, William, Silvitha
and Mar\' Ann. He early indentitied himself with the Methodist
Episcopal Church, and was the founder of Methodism at Cochran
Chapel.

John Hutton, a Quaker, in 1810, emigrated from near Brise-
land's Cross-roads, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, and settled on
land now owned by Calvin Beatty, to whom he sold out his interest,
in 1822, and removed to near South Charleston, Clarke County.

John Daster, was born in Frederick County, Virginia, and emi-
grated to Chillicothe, in 1810, where he remained three mouths,
when he bought land in the McKee survey, of Seth Smith, Mc-
Kee's agent, now in possession of Henry Lymes, to which he soon
removed. He was married before leaving Virginia ; his wife's
maiden name being Lydia McIS'ace ; five children from this mar-
riage grew^ to maturity : Lewis, Henry, Rebecca, Maria and John.
He died in 1840, some years after the death of his wife.

Henry Snider was a native of Virginia, and inmiigrated to this
county, from that state, in 1810, settling on land which he pur-
chased of Samuel Waddle. He reared a family of seven children,
four boys and three girls.

The Conner and Voltenburg families, in 1813, squatted in Perry
Township, the former on land now in possession of Anderson
L'ion, and the latter on land now owned by T. G. Cockerill. Con-
ner run a small distiller} on the banks of Paint Creek. Both
famiUes left in 1825.

Samuel Edwards came from Ross in 1812, and purchased a farm,
a part of which is now in the hands of Manuel Pernell, the remain-
der being owned by W. A. King, except fourteen acres, reserved
for the two maiden daughters, Ehzabeth and Tabitha, on which
the}' reside, the eldest, being seventy-one years of age. Mr. Ed-
wards married Mary A. Roberts before leaving Ross, by whom he
had twelve children, seven'^boys and five girls.

Robert Irion was a native of South Carolina. At the age of
twenty, he emigrated to western Virginia, M'here he for seven years
followed his profession of surveyor, locating claims for soldiers of
the Revolutionary,. War. He first, after leaving western Virginia,
located in Brown'^County, Ohio. From Brown he went to Picka-
way, and settled in Fayette, in 1814, on land purchased from Thomas

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 779

Iline, of Chillicotlie, which is locjitod on the banks of Sugar Creek,
in Perry Township, and which he sold to William Snyder, in 1848.
He married Nancy Bft,lentine in western Virginia, in 1796, by whom
he had sixteen children, four of whom died in infancy. Twelve
grew to maturity : John, William, Francis, Achilles, Anslem, Nancy,
Anderson, Harrison, Silas, Milton, and Mary. He was married four
times, and resided in difi'erent parts of the state until his death,
which took place at his daughter's, Mrs. Howard Mooney, in High-
land County, three miles below Greenfield, in 1848.

John Orr, sen., was born in Virginia, and removed first to Ken-
tucky, thence to Fayette County, in 1817, or 1818, settling on land
in Wayne Township, now in the possession of a Mr. Templar. He
bought land of William Bush, on Sugar Creek, at the crossing of
the Martinsburg pike, in Perry Township, to which he removed in
the spring of 1819. This land is now owned by his son John.
Mr. Orr married Rachel Vance, in Harrison County, Kentucky, in
1805, and six children were born to this union: Samuel, Eleanor'
Ann, John, William V., Elizabeth, and Anderson J. He died in
May, 1856.

John Beard was here prior to 1818, and owned land now in the
possession of Isaac Johnson. His wife died in 1819, he surviving
her only till 1821.

Robert Anderson was one of the prominent farmers and pioneers
of Perry, who was born in Goochland County, Virginia, on the
James River, in 1795. He accompanied his father and family to
Louisa County, Virginia, in 1805, and in 1816 he immigrated to
Buckskin Township, Ross County, where he remained till 1819,
when he came to Perry, in the same year marrying Sarah Rowe,
daughter of Jesse Rowe, sen., who gave the young couple one hun-
dred acres of land at their marriage. He was a man of prudence,
industry, and economy, and before his death had accumulated one
thousand acres of land, a considerable portion of which was in a
high state of cultivation and improvement. Previous to his death,
however, he had disposed of a part of his land, and in 1876 made
an equal distribution of his moneys and landed estates among his
three surviving children, Isaac, Matthew, and Jane — John, the
youngest, having died some years previous, at the age of twenty-
two — each receiving eleven thousand dollars. By this division, Mat-
thew came into possession of the original home farm, which he still
owns. It is situated on the Little Wabash, in the northern part of

780 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Perry, perhaps the most fertile and healthy portion of the township,
if not of the ^ounty. He was a most excellent citizen, and did
much for the canse of religion, being, perhaps, one of the original
members of the Methodist Episcopal society at Rowe's Chapel, if
not of the society prior to the building of the church. He served
also in the war of 1812. His death, occurred at the home farm,
in 1878.

Eobert Scott settled on land located on the Little Wabash, now
OAvned by Rev. William A. King. He was a native of Pennsyl-
vania, and came to Perrj" in 1820.

William S. Cockerill was born in Louden County, Virginia, in
December, 1790, and immigrated to Ohio in 1812, settling first on
the Ohio River, just above its junction with the Hocking, where he
resided till 1821, when he came to Perry, and purchased land of
John Rowe, son of Jesse Rowe, sen., on which he remained one
year. He afterward bought land of Mr. Conner, on the Little
Wabash, now owned by his son, Thomas G. Cockerill and sons.

Mr. Cockerill was married four times, and was the father of
eighteen children, nine by each of his first two wives. His first
wife was Anna Ledmon, whom he married in Virginia, in 1809,
and who died in 1821, shortly after his arrival in Perry. In the
following year he married Phoebe Mooney, daughter of Judge
Mooney; but she dying in 1855, he afterward married her sister
Eliza. He was a man of literary tastes, and considerable intellect-
ual abilities, and for several years followed the profession of teach-
ing in connection with his farming. At his death he owned four
hundred acres of excellent land, most of which is at present in the
hands of his son-in-law, T. G. Cockerill, and his grandsons, the
heirs of Mr. Cockerill.

Rev. John King, one of the founders of Methodism in Fayette
County, was born at Elmyra, New York, March 6, 1786, and mar-
ried Rachel Hixon, of the same county, February 12, 1808, who
was born April 12, 1792. After leaving ISTew York, he settled first
in Ross County, in the same year of his marriage, where he re-
mained till 1816, thence removing to Perry, on land now in posses-
sion of his son. Rev. W. A. King, where he resided till his death.

Mr. King was an earnest and devout Christian, having at an early
period of his life united with the Methodist Episcopal Church,
shortly after which he was soundly converted to God, while riding
on horseback, on his way from church. His con version \yas clear

i>ERRY TOWNSHIP. 781

and powerful, as was demonstrated by a long life devoted to the
work of Ills Master, He organized a Methodist society, or class, at
his house as early as 1820, wliich he led for several years. He was
ordained a deacon in the Methodist Episcopal Church, in 1834, by
Bishop Soule, which office he held till 1843, when the honor of
elder was conferred upon him by the same bishop. But prior to
this, in 1829, he had been licensed to preach by John Collins,

The death of his first wife was attended with sad circumstances.
She dropped dead in the road from her horse, while returning from
church, December 19, 1843. On April 24, 1845, he married Alcina
Cherry, who died in 1878,

Outside of his Christian life, Mr, King was a useful and valued
citizen. He served in the war of 1812, and proved a" brave soldier.
After he settled in Perry, he taught school several winters in his
own house, charging nothing for tuition. He died on his farm, in
1868, much lamented by the church, and the people of Perry and
adjoining townships, for whose spiritual and temporal welfare he
had spent a long and useful life.

Gershom Perdue was born in Bedford County, Virginia, in the
year 1790. He is a grandson of Dr, William Perdue, whose father
was a native of France. He moved to Ireland, where his son Wil-
liam embraced the doctrine of the Society of Friends. He was a
physician by profession. About the year 1740 he came to America,
and settled in Chester County, Pennsylvania. A few years later he
married Susanna Headen, a widowed daughter of Moses Pirn, and
granddaughter of John Pirn, of Mount Melick, Ireland, one of the
first and most prominent converts to Quakerism in Ireland,

Dr. William Perdue had two sons, named Folliard Eidgway and
Mentor Pirn. Folliard was a ship-builder, and resided in Philadel-
phia. He had one son, William, and two daughters, Sarah and
Margaret. He died in rather early life.

Mentor Pim Perdue, the father of Gershom, was born in Chester
County, Pennsylvania, in the year 1751. He was highly educated
for his day,, and was a school teacher and surveyor by profession.
He married Jemima Farlow, daughter of William Farlow, of Lon-
donderry, Ireland. He lived near to the battle-ground at Brandy-
wine, Pennsylvania, and for three days assisted in collecting the
dead bodies and burying them. He was an exemplary Christian
member and elder in the Society of Friends, In the year 1790, he
moved, with his family, to Bedford County, Virginia, and died
there in the year 1797.

782 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

His son Gershom being then about seven years of age, lived with
his widowed mother until his eighteenth year, when he went as an
apprentice to the tanning business. In the year 1813, he moved,
with his mother and family, to Highlaiul County, Ohio, and fol-
lowed tanning for several years. The arduous labor connected with
tanning being too laborious for hh not rugged constitution, he com-
menced merchandising, and continued in that business for several
years. He was also among the first nurserymen and fruit-growers
in southern Ohio, having established a nursery in Leesburg in the
year 1816.

In the year 1818, he married Elizabeth Dukemineer, of Warren
County, Ohio, and in the year 1822 he lost his wife, leaving an in-
fant daughter, Hannah. In 1825, he married a second wife, named
Abigail Morse, of Urbana, Ohio. She was a daughter of Ephraim
and Elizabeth Morse, of Tuckerton, New Jersey, a relative of the
late Professor Samuel Morse, and a descendant from the first set-
tlers at Oyster Bay, on Long Island.

In 1836, he removed, with his family, to New Martinsburg, Fay-
ette County, Ohio, at which place he has resided to the present
time, being near the close of his ninety-first year. His wife, Abi-
gail, died in the year 1878, in the eighty-second year of her age,
having lived in near religious fellowship with her husband, and
shared with him the vicissitudes of life for -fifty-three years.

From early life it has been Mr. Perdue's greatest desire to live
an exemplary Christian life, and for many years past he has occu-
pied the station of an elder, and has been earnestly engaged in the
afli'airs of his church, and for the upbuilding and growth of the
Church of Christ.

CHURCHES.

The establishment of divine worship, in PeiTy, was co-eval with
the settlement of the territor3^

The little colony, Society of Friends, previously mentioned, con-
sisting of Isaac Todhunter, Thomas and Monlica Ellis, and David
Dutton, settled in Perry, in the spring of 1805, and shortly after-
ward began holding informal meetings in a building on the corner
of Mr. Todhunter's yard ; but it w\as not till 1809 that the little

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 783

society received grant to establish a subordinate meeting. Ac-
cording to the discipHne of the Friends' Church, no branch can be
established without the consent and recognition of the Superior
Meeting, within whose jurisdiction such branch is instituted.
Previous to 1809, the Yearly Meeting, at Mount Pleasant, had
granted the establishment of a Quarterly Meeting at Fairfield,
Highland County, from which permission was in turn received, to
establish a Subordinate Meeting, and build a church on a lot donat-
ed for the purpose by Isaac Todhunter, which took the name of
Walnut Creek Church, from the stream on whose banks it stands,
and which is now a Subordinate Meeting of the Hopewell Month-
ly Meeting. There is a membership of two hundred in this society,
part of whom, however, reside in Highland County.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The first Methodist Episcopal society, was organized at Jesse
Rowe's house, in 1816, at which services were held till 1834, when
Mr. Rowe built Rowe's Chapel, on land belonging to himself.
David Garringer, a carpenter, who came here at a very early period
in the history of the township, performed the Avork. Elias Brake-
field now owns the land on which the church stood. This building
was not abandoned for church purposes, until a very few years
prior to the death of Robert Anderson, who for many years pre-
vious to this event held up the society.

The Methodist Episcopal organization, within the limits of Perry,
was effected by the Rev. John King, at his house, in 1820, on land
now occupied by George Lynch, but in the possession of Rev. W;
A. King, son of John King. Services were held at the difi'erent
houses of the neighborhood, and at a log school house that stood
on the banks of Sugar Creek, near the bridge at the crossing of
the Martinsburg pike, till 1851, when the society erected Sugar
Grove Chapel, a frame structure, at a cost of eight or nine hun-
dred dollars.

The Cochran Methodist Episcopal organization, was an ofishoot
from the Rowe organization, and took place in 1819 or 1820, at the
house of Barnabas Cochran, who afterwards donated a lot to the
society, on which a hewed log church was built. This building
was occupied for church purposes till 1851, when the erection of
the present frame building, on the site of the old log church, was

784 tllSTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

begun, which was iinished in 1852, at a cost of, perhaps, one thous-
and dollars.

The next organization of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was
effected at Martinsburg, prior to 1836, by Robert Buck, services
being held at an empty store room, belonging to this gentleman,
and at the house of Thomas Fishbnek, till 1838, when a log church
was built on a lot donated by Mr. Buck to the society. The present
frame building was completed some years later.

These changes were formerl}^ included in the old Washington
Circuit. The ministers in the order of their appointment were as
follows :

David D. Davidson, James Smith, John Summerville, David
Lawrence, George Gatch, A. T. Baxter, Burroughs Westlake,
James Donohoe, William Browning, J. P. Taylor, Solomon Minear,
James Donohoe, Jesse Prior, Angnstus Eddy, W. L. Snow, Henry
Turner, E. E. Daley, E. T. Webster, Lustin James, John King, C.
C. Lybrand, Jacob A. Brown, John W. Clark, Edwin Estell, Ely
Smith, J. Smith, James Laws, Henry Horton, Bernard A. Cassett,
Joseph Reader, B. H. Cassett, John Fitch, Noah Huff, H. Z.
Adams, Martin Wolf, J. W. Keeley, N. Spar, J. W. Keeley, V.
Beamer, James B. Austin, A. Fleming, G. C. Townsley, T. W.
Chandler, S. W. Haines, Samuel Brown, N. G. Baker, S. Middleton,
J. T. Reed, Barton Lowe, H. T. Green, E. H. Dixon, William Sut-
ton, M. T. Bowman, Joseph Morris, J. T. Williams, J. W. Steele,
S. S. Mount, W. H. McCintoch, H. H. Miller, E. H. Hegler, E".
AVesterman, J. D. Fry, A. Nicholas, W. E. Spar, T. G. Ross, J. Q.
Lakim, Z. Whorton, H.M. Alexander, W. F. Hughey, A. F. Hixon,
•David Smith, Ancil Brooks, T. H. Hall, Hugh Boyd, M. V. B.
Evans, C. W. Bostwick, H. Phillips, G. Murry, Z. Fegan, J. W.
Wakefield and L. C. Brooks.

We are indebted to Rev. W. A. King for the above list, and
much other valuable information, in connection with the history of
the Methodist Episcopal Church ; not only in Perry Township, but
throughout the country. Mr. King has spent a great deal of time
in collecting statistics regarding the Methodist Episcopal Church,
in Fayette County, and the above can be relied upon as authentic.

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 785

BLACKSMITHS.

John Painter built a shop, in 1832, on land now owned by Ely
Wilson, where he continued in business till 1838, when he removed
to Union Township,

In 1835, Thomas Waldron (colored) erected a shop on land now
in possession of Isaac Johnson.. He remained only five or six
years, when his son removed the tools to Wayne Township, where
he started a shop.

MILLS AND MILLING.

The early settlers of Perry Township experienced all the incon-
veniences attending pioneer life in those days, but in no way were
those disadvantages more fully realized than in the extremely rude
method -used to prepare their corn for bread. First, they used the
block and pestle, which was succeeded by the stone hand mill,
both of which are fully described under the head of " Mills and
Milling," in the county history.

The first water mill in the township was built in 1816 by Thomas
Stout, on the Little Wabash, near the crossing of the Martinsburg
pike, the site of which is now owned by T. G. Cockerill, It was a
small concern, however, and was operated onl}' a few years.

In 1815 Henry Snyder built a saw mill on Sugar Creek, on land
now owned by Samuel Cofi:inan, to which, in 1818. h^ attached a
grist mill, and both were operated till the spring of 1832, when
the dam was washed out by an extraordinar3' rise in the creek.
Mr. Snyder, instead of repairing the dam, sold both the saw and
grist mill to Nicholas Kline, who removed them to the present lo-
cation of the Sturgeon Mills. In 1837, Kline sold both mills to
Samuel Briggs, who shortly afterwards took them down, and
erected on their site the flouring mill now owned and operated b}'
William Sturgeon, who purchased the same of the executor of
Briggs' estate, after the death of that gentleman, which ocoufred
in 1852.

786 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

SCHOOLS.

No doubt the pioneer fathers of Perry fully realized the im-
portance of an education to their children in after life, but the
sparseness of population, and the lack of public funds, rendered it
impossible at first to attend to these intellectual interests. How-
ever, as the settlements thickened sufficiently, so that within a radius
of five or six miles it was practicable to establish a school, these
wants were in a limited way provided for.

The first school building within the limits of Perry, of which we
have any note, was called the Ayers School House, built on land
donated by Mr. Ayres, in the Carter survey. The first teacher
that occupied this building was Charles Cox, in 1810.

The next two school houses were erected some five or six years
later, about the same time. One was situated near the present site
of the Wabash School House, on land then in the possession of
Robert Scott, but now owned by Rev W. A. King. It has been
denied by some that this building was erected for school purposes,
but perhaps the best authorities on the subject are the maiden
daughters of Samuel Edwards, one of whom is now over seventy,
and who says that it was built for a school house, though it might
have been and probably was occupied as a dwelling. Who taught
the first school in this building, or how long it was occupied, we
have been unabl^ to learn. The other building mentioned was
erected on land belonging to Judge James Crothers, but now
owned by James Priddy. Prior to this, however, Mrs. Judge
Crothers had taught a school at her house. John Moon taught
the first school in this house. This building was afterward re-
moved to the present situation of the Haines school house, where
it may yet be seen standing in the rear of the new building.

In 1822 a round log school house was built on the farm of Isaac
Henderson, now in the possession of T. G. Cockerill, only a short
distance from the Cochran Methodist Episcopal Church. There
were but two schools taught in this building : the first by Hugh
Painter, the winter of 1822-3, followed by Jackson King, of Clin-
ton County, the succeeding winter.

The Thomas Ellis school house was built as early as 1815, or
about the close of the war of 1812, and was located on land now
owned by Isaac Smith, on the edge of Martinsburg. Isaac Wood-

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 787

ward was, perhaps, the first teacher, remaining from 1818 to 1820,
followed hy Job Ellis from 1820 to 1824. He was succeeded by
William Jury, from 1824 to 1825, after whom.ZenoW. Wilcox
taught the school from 1825 to 1827 ; be being succeeded by John
Moon, who forbade the burning of sassafras wood at the school,
from a superstitious belief, common in those days, that it would be
followed by evil results. These fears, however, did not extend to
the use of whisky, or prevent him from resorting to the bottle for
that "inspiration," otherwise impossible, we presume, for him to
receive; and some that attended his school relate yet with zest,
how they watched him stealing, as he supposed unobserved, to the
place of its concealment. This building was removed to the Tod-
hunter district, in about 1828, one mile southeast of Martinsburg,
on Jacob Todhunter's land. It was known as. the Quaker school
house, and was subsequently occupied by Mr. Barnett, Joseph
McLure, Samuel Banks, and Jacob Todhunter, as teachers.

About the time of the removal of the school house from the
Crothers farm — perhaps in 1832 — a hewed log school house was
built on Jesse Rowe's land, near the site of Rowe's Chapel. John
H. Geller taught the first school in this house. It has since been
abandoned and torn down.

At an adjourned meeting of the township trustees, October 25,
1845, the township was divided into seven sub-districts. Since
then there have been two more districts established, one of which
is attended by the colored children of the township.

The schools at present are in a flourishing condition, and the
houses are substantial brick and frame structures. The following
is the average daily attendance of the respective districts for the
year 1880 : No. 1, 65; No. 2, 32; No. 3, 80; No. 4, 56; No. 5,48;
No. 6, 44; No. 7, 52; No. 8, 57; colored, 25.

STORES.

The only store ever kept in Perry Township, outside of Martins-
burg, was opened by JohnOrr, jr., in 1841, in one end of his
dwelling. In 1851 he erected a large frame store room, opposite
his dwelling, which is still standing. He continued here till 1856,
when he closed out his stock of goods, and rented the room to

788 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Grove & Craig, who eontinned together in business six months.
Grove then purchased Craig's interest, and admitted Orr to a part-
nership. This firm continued less than one 3^ear, when the goods
were sold to Charles Pavey, who removed them to Lexington,
Highland County.

SUNDAY SCHOOLS.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL.

The Sabbath-school has ever been regarded as the most powerful
auxiliary to religion and the church that has yet been instituted,
and the Methodist Episcopal society at Rowe's, recognizing these
influences for good npon the mind and character of the young, or-
ganized a school before Rowe's Chapel was built, holding the exer-
cises in Jesse Rowe's barn ; the first, perhaps, in the township. The
names of the officers were as follows: Superintendent, Jesse Rowe;
librarian, Robert Anderson ; secretary. Judge James Crothers.
The organization was kept up for three years.

The next organization (whose date is unfortunately not known)
was at Cochran's, which is still in a flourishing condition. Adam
Smith was the flrst superintendent, or teacher, as the exercises were
conducted somewhat after the style of the secular schools of those
days.

In 1844, the Sugar Grove Sabbath-school was organized, with
Samuel Briggs as superintendent, W. A. King, secretary, and
George W. Esterbrook, librarian. Present oflicers : Superintends,
ent, W. A. King; secretary, T. Orr; librarian, M. U. King. The
school is in an excellent condition, with three hundred volumes in
its library.

MARTINSBURG.

Martinsburg, on the Martinsburg and Washington Turnpike, at
the crossing of the Greenfield and Sabina pike, is the only village
in the township, and was laid out by Thomas Ellis, in 1831. The

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 789

name was afterward changed to New Martinsburg, on account of
the establishment of a post office in the town. The first house was
built by Thomas Ellis, jr.

New Martinsburg has a population of about two hundred.

STORES.

. James and Thomas Ellis opened the lirst store, shortly after the
village was laid out, and continued a short time.

Joseph Patterson was perhaps the second store-keeper, and was
followed by Robert Buck, of Greenfield, in 1836, who opened a
stock of goods in a new building*erected for that purpose, Gersham
Perdue superintending the business for hini.

Buck was succeeded by Daniel Marsh, in two years, who sold out
to William Wilson, the latter continuing in this building about ten
years.

In about 1838, Richard L. Williams opened a stock of goods in
a building located on the site of the present store room occupied by
Dr. J. S. Jones, and continued, with short vacation in the mean-
time, till his death, in 1878, when the goods were sold by the ex-
ecutor of his estate.

In 1839, William and Isaac Cotfe brought goods from Warren
County, which they opened in one portion of Gersham Perdue's
dwelling, installing that gentleman as their agent.

In two years, Mr. Perdue purchased their whole stock, and con-
tinued several years alone in business, when he admitted Henry
Daster to partnership. These gentlemen remained together in
business for some years, under the firm name of Perdue & Daster,
when the former purchased Mr. Daster's interest, and continued
alone several years. He then associated with him Mr. Z, Adams?
some time after which they removed to the store room formerly
occupied by Robert Buck, continuing together in this building till
1852. In this year Mr. Perdue sold his interest to Adams, who, in
a short time, moved the goods to Leesburg, Highland County.

Trustin Adams started a store in the Buck building, in 1846, and
was succeeded by Edward Lanum, in 1850, who closed out his stock
in two years, after which the room remained unoccupied for some
time, when A. Miller, of Greenfield, opened a stock of goods in it,
under the supervision of Mr. Todhunter, who, in two or three
years was succeeded by Jackson Mas, and he, in a short time,

790 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

by Barnes & Banks, this firm continaing perhaps two years.

Robison & Silcott, of Washington C. H., in 1869 opened a stock
of goods in this building, which for some time previous had been
unoccupied, and placed Mr. Jacob Perdue and E. W. Welsh eimer
in charge. This firm sold their goods to Welsneimer & Ellis, in
two or three years, who remained together four years, when Welsh-
eimer disposed of his interest to Ellis & Son, the present occu-
pants.

Moxley & Brunt sold goods a short time, in the year 1845, in the
building now occupied by A. Jester as a dwelling.

Ellis & Fishback opened goods in the building now owned and
occupied by A. Crawford as a hotel, in 1853, and continued three
years, when they sold out to Thomas Fishback, who continued
several years in business.

Br. J. S. Jones purchased the stock of goods sold by the execu-
tors of the estate of R. L. Williams, and continues at present in
the mercantile business.

BLACKSMITHS.

The first blacksmith was James McKinney, who opened a shop
in 1833 or 1831, continuing two or three years.

In 1834 or 1835, Jacob Gallinger built a shop, and for many
years remained in business.

William Wasson had a shop from 1841 to 1861, when he was suc-
ceeded by A. Fishback, present occupant of the building erected
by Wasson.

Isaac Smith, one of the present blacksmiths of the village, has
occupied the same shop since 1865.

WAGON SHOPS.

In 1834, Llewellyn Griflith built a shop, and continued business
five or six years.

James Ellis, in 1840, started a shop, and remained perhaps
twenty years.

William Fishback carried on a shop from 1843 to 1855.

M. R. Ellis carried on a shop for several years, part of the time
with William Wasson, blacksmith.

William Barrett opened a carriage and wagon shop in 1868, and
continued till 1874.

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 791

In 1878, I^islibach and Devass opened a shop, and remained to-
gether about one year, when Fishbach retired from the firm, and
Devass operated alone two or three years.

William Barrett is at present carrying on a shop in connection
with the undertaking business.

HOTELS.

Llewellyn Griffith opened a hotel in 1831, and continued till 1838,
in a building occupying the present situation of Dr. J, S. Jones'
store room, the latter being erected by Richard L. Williams, in
1856, after which it was occupied by Mr. Williams as a hotel for
fifteen years.

John Lucas kept a hotel from 1878 till 1880, in property now
owned by A. Crawford, and occupied by him for that purpose.

TANNERIES.

A tannery was started by Thomas Saunders, in 1818, in connec-
tion with a harness shop, and continued perhaps ten years.

In 1853, James Ellis started a tannery, and continued five or six
years.

SADDLERIES.

A saddlery shop was opened by Rees Wilson, in 1838, and con-
tinued several years.

SHOE SHOPS.

The first shoe shop of Martinsburg, was opened by David Jones.
The present shoemakers are Harrison Reese, J. W. Wain and
Henry McArty.

UNDERTAKERS.

David Barrett and Reese Binegar, each opened undertaking es-
tablishments in 1870, and both still continue.

792 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

CABINET shops;

Reese Binegar has carried on a cabinet shop for perhaps thirty
years. ■

CARPENTERS.

The following named gentlemen have carried on shops at Mar-
tinsbnrg since 1834 : James Ellis, from 1834 till 1860; William
Fowler, from 1838 till 1842 ; Ellis and Reese, from 1840 till 1855;
Charles Fishbach, from 1845 till 1860 ; Lewis Daster, from 1845
till 1860.

The present carpenters are A. M. lladley, David Barrett, Jacob
Fetherlin and Reese Binegar.

SAW MILLS.

Thomas Fishbach, built a steam saw-mill, in 1845, which is at
present operated by him.

CARDING MACHINE AND OIL WORKS.

In 1839, Thomas Fishbach erected a large carding machine and
oil worksj and did an extensive business for several years.

SECRET ORGANIZATIONS.

ODD FELLOWS.

A lodge of Odd-fellows was instituted in Martinsburg, by W. G.
M. WilHam Slater, January 1, 1862. The names of the charter
members were as follows : Morris R. Ellis, Murry Wilsmi, J. A.
Arick, C. Fortier, A. L. Snider, George Binegar, and C. A. Kneed-
ler. The following is a list of officers elected for the first term :
M. R. Ellis, N. G.^; A. L. Snider, V. G.; Murry Wilson, R. S.;
George Binegar, T. ; C. A. Kneedler, P. S. The present officers

PERRY TOAVNSHIP, 793

are: Reese- Biiiegar, N. G.; E. E. Cockerill, V. G.; William C.
E^^er, R. S. ; J)v. J. S. Jones, T. ; J. II. Zimmerman, I*. S.

The lodge owns a commodious, elegantly furnished hall at
Martinsburg, and is in a flourishing condition, with a membership
of two hundred. It is designated as Wilstach Lodge No. 368.

GRANGERS.

On the 12th of January, 1874, Forest Shade Grange No. 368,
was instituted in the Odd-fellows' hall, at Martinsburg, where it
still meets to transact business.

NURSERIES.

Gersham Perdue started the first nursery in Ohio, called the
Pioneer Nursery, at Leesburg, Highland County, in 1817, which he
moved to Martinsburg in 1836. He has since been succeeded by
his sons, M. P. and T. K. Perdue, who are at present doing an
extensive business in this line.

POST OFFICE.

The only post oflice Perry Township has ever had, was establish-
ed at Martinsburg, in 1851, with Gersham Perdue as postmaster,
who retained the position fifteen years. Since his resignation, the
following named gentlemen have had charge of this office : J. W.
Kneedler, E. W. Welsheimer, Jacob Perdue, J. W. Barrett, and
Dr. J. S. Jones, the present incumbent.

TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS.

Perry Township was organized in 1845. The first ofiicers were :
Trustees, Joseph Wain, William Wilson, and Albert Adams ;
treasurer, James Mooney; clerk, Lewis Todhunter; constables,

794 HISTOKY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

John F. Doster and Jonathan Jones; justices, Thomas Ellis and
Robert Eyer; judges of lirst election, Jacob Todhunter, Jacob H.
Geller, and S. C. Terril; clerks, Thomas Ellis and Amos Tod-
hunter. The present officers are : Charles Painter, L. C. Smith,
and G. W. Iladley, trustees; Jacob Perdue, clerk; D. W. Ellis,
treasurer; Harrison Eeese, constable; W. A. King and Harrison
Limes, justices.

TOWNSHIP EXPENSES.

The first settlement of the trustees, April 6, 1846, shows the
expenses of the township, from its organization to that time, to have
been as follows : Clerk, |7.12 ; Joseph Wain, for services as trus-
tee, |4.00; William Wilson, for record book and paper, and for
services as trustee, |5.43 ; Albert Adams, for services as trustee,
$2.25 ; G. Perdue, for services as clerk of election, $1.00 ; Jacob H.
Geller, for services as judge of election, $2.00; total, $21.80.

In contrast, we give the expenses of the township for the year
ending March 7, 1881, which are as follows: For school purposes,
including state fund, $2,454,31 ; general township expenditures, in-
cluding relief to poor and road expenditures, $3,508.87. Total re-
ceipts from all sources, $6,395.14. Balance on hand, $2,886.27.

BIOGRAPHICAL

MATHEW ANDERSON.

Mathew Anderson, farmer and stock raiser, is a son of Robert
Anderson, who was a native of Virginia, He came to Ohio in
1816, and settled on the waters of Buckskin Creek, in Ross Coun-
ty, where he remained but three years, when he removed to Fay-
ette County, in 1819, s6on after which he married Miss Sarah Rowe,
daughter of Jesse Rowe, who was one of the pioneers of the coun-
ty. They were the parents of four children, three sons and one
daughter: Isaac married, and died; Jane married, and lives in the
neighborhood; John was unmarried, and died at the age of twen-

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 795

ty-two. The father died Deeeiuber 2, 1878, at the advanced age of
more than eighty-four years. The mother died some six years pre-
vious. They lived together as husband and wife for more than fifty
years, and were devoted Christians, both members of the Method-
ist Episcopal Church.

Mathew, our subject, was born October 23, 1821, and married
Miss Mary A. Davids, October 28, 1847, with whom he lived six
years, when she died, leaving no children. Mr. Anderson married
for his second wife Mrs. Kaylor, daughter of William Merchant.
One daughter was the fruit of this marriage, now the wife of John
Rowe, living in the neighborhood. Mrs. Anderson lived but four
years, when Mr. Anderson was again a widower. He married for
his third wife Miss Sarali D. Adams, daughter of Albert Adams,
Esq., residing near Greenfield, Ohio, and sister to Rev. Colonel
Adams, of the 81st O. V. I., whose history appears elsewhere in
this work. They have three children, two sons and one daughter.
Isaac Newton, a very promising child, fell into the well and lost his
life, when but eighteen months old. Nancy Ruth, a young woman
of seventeen, is absent from home, attending school at Greenfield,
Ohio. Albert Porter is but fifteen years of age, weighing one hun-
dred and fifty-seven pounds.

Mr. Anderson owns and lives on a most magnificent farm of a
thousand acres, located on the Anderson pike, one mile west from
the Washington and Martinsburg pike. lie has been, all his life,
a man of great energy and industry. But few men have performed
so much hard labor on the farm, in the way of clearing up lands,
raising large crops (sometimes five hundred acres of corn in a sea-
son), and feeding stock, as has Mr. Anderson. He has done a very
large amount of business during the last twenty-five years, assum-
ing great risks at times, and sometimes sustaining heavy losses;
but by great energy and perseverance, and, as he puts it, the "bless-
ing of a kind Provicience," his latter days, financially, bid fair to be
better than the past. He is a straightforward, Christian gentle-
man, assisted by a most estimable wife.

GEORGE D. BORDEN.

Anthony Borden settled in Greene County, Ohio, near Bellbrook,
about the year 1803. He wt\s a native of New Jersey. His chil-
dren were Thomas, Enoch, Wesley, Ashcr, Margaret, and Sarah.

796 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Enoch, the father of this subject, was a tailor h^ trade. His wife,
Ellen Stoby, was a native of Scotland. Mr. Borden died in August,
1875; his wife died in September, 1879. They were the parents of
seven sons and five daughters : Margaret, William, George D., An-
drew, James, Mary Jane, Ann Amelia, Louisa, Christopher and
John (twins), and Ida. William married Martha Ann Binegar; is
a teacher, and lives in Green Township. Andrew married Amanda
Mooney, and lives at Ada, Hardin County. John married Fanny
A. Puckett. Ida married Russell Fishback.

George D. Borden, the subject of this sketch, was born in Greene
County, Ohio, November 19, 1844, and is a farmer by occupation.
He was brought up to farm labor; and availing himself of com-
mon school advantages, attained a fair education. He enlisted in
Company G, 73d 0. V. L, October 11, 1861, and shared in all the
eventful battles and campaigns of that regiment, first in the Army
of the Potomac, and afterward under Sherman, in his eventful cam-
paigns. He was mustered out with his regiment, at Louisville,
Kentucky, July 20, 1865, having made a proud record as a soldier
of the Republic. The Borden family have resided in Kew Mar-
tinsburg since February 2, 1854.

WILLIAM M. BREAKFIELD.

John and Susan (Harmon) Breakfield, the grandparents of this
subject, were natives of Virginia, but were of German stock. The
husband died in Virginia, in 1820, and four years later his widow,
with a large family of fatherless children, came to Ohio, and set-
tled temporarily in Pickaway County. In 1827, the widow came to
Fayette County, and purchased a tract of one hundred and forty-
four acres of unimproved land in Perry Township, for which she
paid four hundred and fifty dollars.

John and Susan Breakfield had twelve children: George, Bar-
bara, John, Katie, Peter, Henry, Jacob, Sallie, Elias, Susan, Eliza,
and Mary Ann.

Jacob Breakfield, the father of our subject, was born in Berkeley
County, Virginia, in March, 1802. His wife was Lydia Miller. To
them six children were born: Jeremiah, Susanna, Harriet, Sarah
C, William M., and Joseph H.

Our subject is the fifth child of the family, is a farmer and stock
raiser, and was born October 31, 1842. He was married January

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 797

16, 1869, to Olive Welsbeimer, daughter of William H. and Ma-
liala Welsheimer. Her father was a native of Virginia ; her mother
was born in Ross County, Ohio. Mrs. Breakfiek] was horn Janu-
ary 4, 1847.

Mr. and Mrs. Breakliekl have had born to them two children :
Harrold E., born May 18, 1870 ; Minnie M., born January 20, 1873.
Our subject served during the late civil war, for a term of four
months, in Company I, 168th 0. N". G., from May, 1864, till Sep-
tember, 1864. His company was commanded by Captain Lewis
Painter.

Mr. Breaktield has been farming on his own account since 1867.
He owns a fine farm of one hundred and twenty-one acres, on Sur-
vey Xo. 660, Christian Febiger original proprietor. He built a fine
house in 1879, at a cost of three thousand dollars, and now lives at
his ease. A fine barn was also erected, and all the surroundings
give evidence of taste and comfort.

JOHN C. CAPPS.

. Dempsey Capps, the grandfather of this subject, came to Ohio
from Virginia in an early day, settling first on the Ohio Kiver, and
afterward removing to Highland County, where he raised a large
family. Among these were William, James, Elijah, Rhoda, and
Elizabeth, besides sons and daughters whose names are lost.

William and Margaret (Pope) Capps were married in Highland
County, about the year 1812. They were the parents of the follow-
ing-named children: Sidney, Polly Ann, Elmira, John C, Ehza-
beth, Elijah, Cerilda, Curtis H., Jane, Adeline, Eliza, William, and
James.

John C. Capps was born in Highland County, Ohio, April 23,
1820, and is a farmer by occupation. He spent several years of his
early life in Indiana and Illinois. He was married. May 28, 1847, to
Jane Anderson, of Fayette County. She is the daughter of Robert
and Sarah (Rowe) Anderson, and was born August 5, 1824. The
Andersons and Rowes were Virginians, but emigrated to Ohio early
in the nineteenth century, settling on the Little Wabash, where
some of their descendants still live. The children of Robert and
Sarah Anderson were Isaac, Mathew, Jane, and John.

Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Capps : Sarah E., born
May 31, 1848; married Robert Todhunter, October 8, 1866; has

79S ttiSTORY Ot FAYETTE COUNTY.

three children ; liven near New Martin(sl)urg. Margaret Elmira,
born Ma}' 14,1851; married Levi Bryan, October 13, 1870; hus-
band died October 18, 1877; has two living children. Marj Jane,
born January 25, 1853; married Henry Jolmson, January 8, 1870;
lives in Green Township. Robert William, born I^ovember 28,
1855; married Anna A. White in November, 1875; died February
24, 1881; was a favorite child, a promising young man, and much
beloved; leaves one son, Yirgil Leroy, born July 17, 1877.

Mr. Capps came to Ohio from Illinois, in the year 1844, and in
1859 bought of John Merchant the farm on which he now resides.
The farm comprises one hundred and forty-five acres, and shoAVS
signs of careful culture. His wife and himself are members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, and have been, from early life, con-
sistent and useful Christians.

Jesse Eowe, the grandfather of Mrs. Capps, was an exhorter in the
Methodist Episcopal Church, and was a power for good in his day
and generation. He is said to have been the founder of the first
society or class of Methodists on the Little Wabash, and was the
builder of " Rowe's C'hapel," one of the first houses of worship in
Perry Township. He used to tell, in his eccentric way, that "all
the swarms came from his hive." He established a Sabbath-school
in his barn, about the year 182G. Who can tell the value of one
good man in a community ?

JAMES COCKERILL.

James Cockerill, farmer, was born in this county, June 7, 1828.
Till within the last five years, he lived on the farm on which he
was born, four miles northeast of Martinsburg. In 1876, he moved
to his present home, one and one-half miles uortheast of Martins-
burg. He owns one hundred and twelve acres, well improved,
ninety acres of which is in a high state of cultivation.

Mr. Cockerill enlisted as a private in the 168tli O. V. I., and was
captured with his regiment at Cynthiana Kentucky, and paroled.
In politics, he is proud to be called a Republican.

On the 3d day of September, 1862, Mr. Cockerill was married to
Mary V. Hadley, whose father, James Hadley, migrated from
North Carolina, to this state, in 1807, being four years old, and
who now resides in Dublin, Wayne County, Indiana. Her mother
died, in March, 1865, in her fifty -fifth year. Mrs. Cockerill was

PERRY TOWNPttlP. 799

educated iit Eurlliam College, and at the S. W. Xoriiial Institute.
Prior to lier marriage, she was a prominent teacher, who never
failed to get a certificate. In all, she taught sixteen terms.

Mr. and Mrs. Cockerill are the parents of live children : Ina
Bell, William J., Freddy, who died in infancy, Xellie S., and Wal-
ter R.

Mr. Cockerill is a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. Mrs. Cockerill is a member of the Friends, by birthright,
and is connected with Walnut Creek Preparative, Hopewell Month-
ly, Fairfield Quarterly, and Indiana yearly meetings.

THOMAS G. COCKERELL.

Thomas G. Cockerell, farmer and stock raiser, is a son of Wil-
liam S. and Anna Cockerell, who were natives of Virginia. They
emigrated to this state, in 1812, and settled near where the Hock-
ing River empties into the Ohio, but a short distance below ]VIa-
rietta. In 1821 they removed to this county, and settled on the
waters of the Wabash ; where in about one year Mrs. Cockerell died.
They were the parents of nine children, five sons and four daugh-
ters : Elizabeth, married and now^ is deceased ; William, married
and now is deceased; Milly, married and now is deceased; Samuel,
married and lives in Lowa ; Eldridge, died when quite young; three
died in infancy.

Mr. Cockerell married for his second wife Phoebe Mooney, by
whom he had nine children, two sous and seven daughters : Mary
A., married but is deceased ; James, married and lives in the
neighborhood; Lydia J., married and lives in the neighborhood;
Ilarmanus, married and is deceased; Amanda, married and lives
in the vicinity ; Eliza, married but is now a widow, living near
Washington ; Hannah, married and is deceased ; two died in in-
fancy. In 1855, Mrs. Cockerell died. After remaining a widower
for two years, Mr. Cockerell nifirried for- his third wife, Eliza
Mooney, sister to his second wife; she lived but five years, and died.
Mr. Cockerell remained single for two years, when he married
Mrs. Doster, a widow lady of the neighborhood for his fourth wife;
she lived nine years and died. Mr. Cockerell died December 19,
1879, having lived more than ninety years.

Thomas G., our subject, was born in 1812, consequently was by
the first wife, and was married September 29, 1831, to Miss Silvitha

800 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COtJNTY.

Cochran, daughter of Barnabas and Charlotte Cochran, who were
of the pioneers of this state, coming to this county from New
Jersey in 1806. Mr. and Mrs. Cochran have long since died ; hon-
ored and respected by all who knew them.

Mr. and Mrs. Cockerell have nine children, seven sons and two
daughters: William Newton, married and lives on his grandfather's
old homestead ; Martha J., now a widow, living in the county;
Edward Estell, (named after Eev. Edward Estell,) married and lives
in the neighborhood ; Jacob, married and lives near his father;
Thomas, married and lives on the home farm; Samuel S., married
and lives near Jeffersonville, this county; James W., married and
lives on the old homestead; Amelia O., single and remains at home;
Eldridge W., single and remains at home.

Four of the sons were in the army during the late war, two serv-
ing three full years. Four of the sons removed west and remained
awhile, and then returned back to this county.

Mr. Cockerell and wife feel that they have been highly favored
in life. They have seen their family of nine children grow up to
manhood and womanhood ; one son and daughter remaining at
home with them. Seven of their children are married, and have
families, all well to do in life, and living in the same county with
their parents.

Mr. Cockerell owns and lives on a tine farm of four hundred and
fifty acres, situated on the pike leading from Washington to Mar-
tinsburg.

SAMUEL DEVOSS.

Among the skillful mechanics of this county, we take pleasure
in mentioning Samuel Devoss, who carries on his business of car-
riage making and general repair shop, in New Martinsburg, in the
shop formerly occupied by Jesse W. Barrett. . He was born in
Adams County, this state, September 5, 1840. The Devoss family
came from Kentucky and settled first in Ross County, 1815. Jonas
Pettit, the maternal grandfather of our subject, died in southern
Ohio before the year 1840.

The parents of our subject, David and Rachel (Pettit) Devoss,
had eight children : Arrietta, Samuel, John, William, James,
George, Frank and Mary. The oldest daughter, Arrietta, is a
graduate of Granville Female Seminary, and lives in Missouri,

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 801

near Fulton; John works at the blacksmith business, in Scioto
County; William resides in Fulton, Missouri; James works at
wagon making, in Scioto County, and George works at blacksmith-
ing in the same county ; John served in the late war, on the side of
the Union.

Our subject learned his trade at Portsmouth, with C. Moffitt,
and in 1858 began business for himself, at Rockville, Adams Coun-
ty, this state.

In June, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, 22d regiment O. V. I.
After his discharge, and a brief taste of civil life, he again enlisted,
this time in Company F, 81st O. V. I., in which he served till 1864,
serving three years ; afterwards he re-enlisted in the same regi-
ment as a recruit, serving in Company J). His total term of serv-
ice, was but sixteen days less than four years, and during the
whole time he never spent a day in the hospital on account of sick-
ness. His regiment participated at Pittsburg Landing, luka, Cor-
inth, Kenesaw Mountains, and many other hard fought battles of
the war.

Our subject married Margaret Ellen EUis, in June, 1871; to this
union, one child, Setta Jane, was born, and died at seventeen
months of age. Mrs. Devoss died, October 4, 1873, aged twenty-
two years. For his second wife, he married J^ancy Terrell, daughter
of Thomas Terrell, of Perr}^ Township. The fruits of this union
have been born : Flora, Bertha and David Garfield.

Mr. Devoss began business in New Martinsburg, in 1870, and
his workmanship and attention to business, give him a steady
trade year after year.

George Colven, the great-grandfather of our subject, died in
1864, at the age of ninety-eight years. He w^as a pioneer mail
carrier on the frontier in his youth, and transported the United
States mail in a canoe on the Ohio River. He was attacked on
one occasion by Indians, and, though wounded seven times, he
made his escape b}" strategy.

Mr. Devoss is a Republican of the ardent order and an honest
man, deserving of success in his business.

ELIJAH ELLIS.

Of the descendants of the early pioneers of Perry Township,
none is more deserving of mention than Elijah Ellis. He was

802 HISTORY OP FAtEfTE COtTNTY.

born near tlie site of Xew Martinslnirg, tins county, October 1,
1817, and is the oldest son of David and Hannah Ellis, who settled
in Perry Township, in 1799, near where Elijah now lives. The
house in which he was born was destroyed b}' fire, in the year
1877.

The parents of our subject were of Quaker stock, and their son
is piously devoted to the doctrines and usages of that society of
Christians. The EUises came from Tennessee in the year above
named, actuated by a desire to live in a country free from the
curse of slavery.

Our subject was married, in May, 1844, to Jane Jury, daughter
of William and Elizabeth (Fisher) Jury. To this marriage, five
children were born : David William, born Ma}' 17, 1845; Joseph
R., born June 9, 1846; Cyrenius, born November 10, 1848; Mar-
garet E., born April 25, 1850, married Samuel Devoss, since died;
Isaac L., born November 17, 1852, died June 11, 1857. Mrs. Ellis
died, December 5, 1852, aged twenty-six years.

On the 6th of January, 1859, Mr. Ellis was again married, to
Mrs. Eliza B. Ogborn, widow of the late Samuel F. Ogborn, of
New Jersey. vShe is the daughter of Abel and Rhoda (Johnson)
Thornberry. Her grandfather, John Johnson, was an early settler
in the State of Indiana. He erected the first court house in India-
napolis, and his residence there was the first brick building erected
in the city. He was a member of the Society of Friends, and for
years kept a temperance hotel in the same city. Mrs. Ellis, by her
first marriage, became the mother of two sons : Henry M. and Isaac
F. Henry M. served in the 73d 0. V. V. I. during the war of the
rebellion, and Isaac F. was a lieutenant in an infantry regiment of
Indiana volunteers. He was captured by the enemy at Richmond,
Kentucky, in the fall of 1862, paroled and exchanged. Mr. and
Mrs. Thornberry were the parents of the following named children :
Lydia J., Eliza B., Mary Ann (died an infant), Mary Ann, Rachel
B., Susan J., William J., and John Thomas. Lydia J., Eliza B.,
Mary A., and William J., still live. The latter is a minister of the
Society of Friends.

The father of Mrs. Ellis came to this state in 1799, and was a
soldier in the war of 1812. In the prime of life he traveled from
Xew Orleans to Leesburg, this state, on foot. He served as a mem-
ber of the Legislature of Indiana, in tlie years 1833 and 1834, from
Wayne County, and_ was also a member of the city council of

perrV township. 803

Richmond, Iiuliaiui, severiil successive years. He erected several
mills in and near Richmond, Indiana, and one or more in Michigan.
He was a man of remarkable qualities, a mathematician of some
note. He embraced religion in the latter years of his life, and
died a glorious and peaceable death at the age of seventy-live
years.

Mrs. Ellis has in her possession a photograph group representing
live generations of the family : Abel Thornberry, Eliza B. Ellis,
Henry M. Oghorn, Ella D. Reese and Clara Reese. At the birth of
Henr}' Thornberry, the great-grandmother of Mrs. Ellis could have
said : " Arise, my son, and go to thy daughter, for thy daughter's
daughter has a son." Eliza B. Ellis was a great-grandmother at
the age of fiftj^-eight, and now has two great-grandchildren, who
have a great-great-great-great-great-aunt. The oldest of this line
is Ann Nordyke, aged eighty-two ; the youngest, Laura Grace Reese,
aged one year.

Thomas Bales, tbe great-grandfather of Eliza B. Ellis, was the
first white preacher who crossed the Allegbanies. He was suspi-
cioned, and taken by the British as a spy, during his ministry among
the Indians. His real character becoming known, he was released
and permitted to preach unmolested. At his death, in 1801, he
was buried in a rude coffin hewn out of a butternut log, in com-
pliance with liis own request.

THOMAS ELLIS.

The Ellis ancestry were from Wales. They came to America in
the latter part of the sixteenth century, settling in Pennsylvania.
Later, some of the stock moved to Virginia, and afterwards to
Tennessee.

Thomas, the son of Enos Ellis, was born in Penns^dvania, but
came to Ohio from Tennessee about the year 1799, and settled in
Fayette County, on the present site of JSTew Martinsburg, when
the- surrounding country was an unbroken wilderness. He was the
father of Phipbe, Thomas, Elizabeth, Margaret, Reese, David,
Mary Ann, and Rebecca.

David and Hannah Ellis were the parents of our subject. Their
children were : Mary Ann, Elizabeth, Elijah, Sophia, Thomas,
Morris R., Levi, James, David, jr., Lydia M, and Hannah E.

Our subject was born near New Martinsburg, Ohio, December 6,

804 HlSTOKY 01* FAYETTE COUNTY.

1820. He was married to Mary Ellen Bennett, in the year 1848.
Mrs. Ellis was born May 5, 1830, and died January 19, 1864. To
this union five children were born : Martha Jane, born June 9,
1851, died December 28, 1875; Hannah Armilda, born March 28,
1853, died November 22, 1876 ; Rebecca Ellen, born February 12,
1855, died April 22, 1869; Mary Ann, born October 21, 1859, died
February 19, 1880.

Mr. Ellis was married to his present wife — Mrs. Mary Levey, nee
Arthur — on the 20th of October, 1870. She was born in Ken-
tucky, November 30, 1826. By her first husband she is the mother
of five children, two of whom are deceased.

The early life of Thomas Ellis was given to hard labor. The
death of his father occurring when Thomas was yet a lad, the
care of the family devolved upon himself and his brother Elijah.
As a consequence, the education of Thomas was much neglected.
He has had a painful experience in the loss of a family of prom-
ising children. In early manhood he spent much time on the road
as a teamster, and before the days of railroads has wagoned farm
products to Cincinnati, Chillicothe, and other markets.

Mr. Ellis is a member of the Friends' Societ}', worshiping at
Walnut Creek. His people are nearly all members of the Society
of Friends, and the descendants of his ancestry number several
score in Perry Township.

Dates of births in the Ellis family : Thomas Ellis, March 2,
1772; Lydia Ellis, December 19, 1774; Martha, February 26, 1794;
Hannah, June 6, 1795; John, February 25, 1799; James, January
21, 1801 ; Rachel, October 28, 1802; Levi, May 9, 1804; Margaret,
June 1, 1806; Thomas, March 5, 1808; Solomon, February 28,
1810; William, September 30, 1814; Reese, April 30, 1816.

On the farm where Mr. Ellis lives are a number of apple trees
which grew from sprouts planted b}' Grandfather Thomas Ellis in
1799. The fruit is called the " Tennessee Apple," and was brought
from Tennessee.

ROBERT S. EYRE.

The Eyre ancestry were from England. John Eyre, the grand-
father of this subject, was a Virginian. His children were Robert,
Hannah, Samuel, Xancy, and William. William Eyre was the
youngest of his father's famil}-, and was born in Virginia in 1802.

PERRY TOAVNSHIP. 805

The family came to Ohio in 1804, settling at the falls of Paint
Creek, in Ross County. After John Eyre's death, his widow mar-
ried Judge James Mooney. Soon after this the family settled in
Perry Township, this county.

Rohert S. Eyre, the fourth son and seventh child of William
and Jemima (Smith) Eyre, was born April 24, 1845. The children
of William and Jemima Eyre were John, William 11. , jSTancy A.,
Eliza C, Joseph M., Hannah E., Robert S., and Sarah E. By a
former marriage to Leah Job, Mr. Eyre had two daughters — Mary
J., and Minerva.

Our subject was married, November 16, 1871, to Mary J. Chal-
fant, second daughter of Nathan H. and Adaline (Harris) Chal-
fant, of Highland County. Mrs. Eyre was born September 4, 1847.
To this union four children have been born : Vertie E., born June
23, 1873; William N., born May 1, 1876; Lulu M., born March 23,
1879; Joseph C, born January 22, 1881.

Mr. Eyre has a creditable record as a soldier in the late civil
war, serving as a private in Company G, 73d 0. V. V. I., 3d brig-
ade, 3d division, 20th army corps. His regiment campaigned with
Sherman, and made itself illustrious in many hard fought battles,
and was mustered out at the close of the war.

Mr. Eyre became an Odd-fellow, January 5, 1876, and is an ac-
tive member of Wilstach Lodge No. 368, at New Martinsburg. He
is Master of Forest Shade Grange No. 368.

His politics is of the staunch Republican order.

ALBERT FISHBACK.

Albert Fishback, blacksmith, was born in Highland County,
near East Monroe, June 18, 1837. His parents, Thomas and
Martha (Roberts) Fishback, were natives of Madison Court House,
Virginia. They were married February 15, 1820. Mrs. Fishback
was born September 1, 1804. They united with the Methodist
Episcopal Church in 1823. About the year 1836 they came to
Ohio, locating first in Highland County. They came to New
Martinsburg in 1837. The mother died July 2, 1872, and her hus-
band died nine days later. Both were ripe, earnest Christians,
and active members of the church. Their children were : Benja-
min F., Francis E., Charles H., Hugh W., Matilda A., Martha J.,
John W., Albert, James H., and Richard E. The three younger

80b HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

children were born in Ohio. The father of our subject was by
trade a wheelwright, and for many years carried on his occupation
at I^ew Martinsburg. He also built and operated a carding-niill in
the village, supplying the motive power by means of a tread-wheel
horse-power. In later years he erected the saw-mill now owned
by Levi Ellis. He was also a merchant, and sold goods in the
village for a time.

Our subject learned the blacksmith trade with William "Wasson,
serving three years as an apprentice, beginning at the age of six-
teen. Since 1860 he has carried on for himself, working for
twenty-one years past in the same shop.

He was married February 3, 1859, to Lydia M. Ellis, daughter
of David iind Hannah Ellis, this county. (The EUises were from
Tennessee.) The fruits of this union, have been three children :
Russell, born November 12, 1859; Alwilda, born October 18, 18G1;
Starkey, born September 5, 1863.

SAMUEL HAINES.

Joseph Haines, the grandfather of Samuel Haines, was a native
of Warren County, Virginia,. He was the father of jSTathan, Jo-
seph, Vinson, Ebenezer, and Samuel.

Ebe*nezer married Rebecca Berry, of Virginia, and to this
union twelve children, including this subject, were boru. Their
marriage took place February, 1799. Their children were born as
follows: Mary, 1800; Ann, 1801; Elizabeth, 1802 ; Susanna, 1805 ;
Rebecca, 1807; Sidney, 1809 ; Joseph, 1811; Nathan, 1813; Sarah,
1816; James, 1818; Beulah, 1820; and Samuel, November 18,
1822.

Ebenezer settled in Perry ToAvnship, about the year 1816, and
on the same lands now occupied by his son Samuel. He paid |6
an acre for it at that time. Ebenezer died September 13, 1850,
aged eighty years ; his wife died February, 1846, aged sixty-five
years.

Francis Berry, the maternal grandfather of our suliject, served
in the war of the revolution, and died in Kentucky.

The early education of Mr. Haines was more a matter of mus»
cle than of brains, and much more of his time was given to clear-
ing away the forest than to storiug the mind with book knowledge.
With all these disadvantages our subject obtained a rudimentary

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 807

edacation. He mentions John Muon, Colby Chew, and Isaac
Woodward as his early teachers.

He was married December 27, 1849, to Maria Smith, second
daughter of Francis and Charlotte (Cochran) Smith, natives of
Virginia and New Jersey respectively, but residents of Ohio. The
Smiths came to Ohio from Virginia in 1820. Francis and Char-
lotte Smith had seven children, born as follows: Sarah, 1826;
Maria, 1827; Anderson, 1830; Harriet, 1832; Charlotte, 1835;
Henry, 1837 ; Elizabeth, 1839; John, 1840.

Mrs. Haines (Maria Smith) was born February 27, 1827. To
Samuel and Maria Haines nine children have been born : Albert
Berry, born Xovember 15, 1850; married AVorthington, and lives
in Perry Township. Martha Ella, born November 13, 1852.
Henry Lewis, born January 1, 1855 ; married Etta Belle Borum, of
Clinton County, October 4, 1877. Francis Marion, born June 17,
1857; married Alvaretta Jones, of Green Township, August 10,
1881. James Edward, born June 30, 1860; married Nancy C.
Worthington, of Green Township, August 10, 1881. William Ad-
dison, born July 23, 1863. Belle Ann, born August 9, 1865.
Charles Milton, born February 21, 1869. Mary Eva, born Sep-
tember 19, 1871. The father and all his children were born in the
same house in which the family now resides.

Mr. Haines has accumulated a competency by honest, hard labor,
and well directed, legitimate trade. He owns live hundred and
thirty acres of land in Perry Township, and has all in a good state
of cultivation. He votes with the Republican party, but is uot a
politician. His daughter, Martha Ellen, has .attained distinction
as a teacher.

ANDERSON R. IRION.

John Irion, the father of this subject, came to Fayette County
from Brown. Robert Irion, the grandfather of Anderson R., set-
tled on Sugar Creek about the year 1816. His wife was Nancy
Ballentine. The Ballentines were from Ireland. Robert was a
soldier in the war of 1812.

The children of Robert and Nancy Irion were John, Eichlas,
George, Frances, Anderson, Hinson, Nancy, Silas, Harvey, Milton,
and Mary, John was the eldest son, and the father of this subject.
His wife was Catharine Hawk. The Hawks were of Brown Coun-

808 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ty, Ohio. To John and Catharine Irion thirteen children were
born: Liicinda, Nancy, Anderson E., Milton, William, Susan, An-
geline, Frances, Ellen, Calym, Mary, Hinson, and Jane. Lncinda
died young. Nancy married Nathan Pine. Milton married Eliza
J. Stookey, and lives in Fayette County. William married Sarah
Scott. He was a member of the 168th O. N. G. He was wounded
in an engagement at Cynthiana, Kentucky, in June, 1864, and died
from the effects of his wound. His remains rest at Sugar Grove.
Susan married Benjamin Burnett. Angeline married William Mil-
ligan. Frances married Eli Post, and is a resi^dent of Fayette
County. Ellen married George Pine. Calvin died in his youth.
Mary married James King. Hinson married Jane Sturgeon. Jane
married Edward Updegrove.

Our subject was born on the 16th of January, 1824, in Brown
County, Ohio, and came to Fayette in 1827, with his father's fam-
ily. He was married August 3, 1853, to Susan Elizabeth Jones,
second daughter of Amos and Eliza E. (Hilliard) Jones, of Vir-
ginia. Mrs. Irion was born April 22, 1829. To this union two
children were born: Eliza Arabella, born May 23, 1854; married
James Todhunter, of Fayette County, and is a resident of Perry
Township. Jonathan Albertus, born November 11, 1855; lives
Avith his father.

In 1865, Mr. Irion bought the farm on which he now resides. It
consists of two hundred and forty-six acres of choice land, and is
in a high state of cultivation. He also deals in stock. The resi-
dence, and most of the out-buildings, were built by Mr. Irion, and
are tasty and substantial. Both Mr. and Mrs. Irion are members
of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of Forest
Shade Grange, at New Martinsburg. Has served Perry Township
as trustee for some years past. His politics are of the Eepublican
stamp,

ISAAC M. JOHNSON.

', Isaac M. Johnson, farmer and stock raiser, is a son of William
and Jane B. Johnson, who came in an early day from Virginia,
and sQttled in Heller's Bottom, on Paint Creek, Ross County, Ohio,
where they remained for twenty-seven years, when they removed
to Fayette County, and settled on the old Jesse Rowe farm, on the
waters of the Wabash, where he died about 1833. Mrs. Johnson

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 809

died in March, 1880, being in her ninetieth year. Tliey were the
parents of the following children : Thomas G., married, and lives
in Green Township, near Buena Vista; Sarah, married, and lives
in Iowa; William, married, moved to Indiana, and died; John,
married, and died at the age of twenty-two; George, married, and
lives in Iowa; Sophia, wife of Martin Rowe, whose biography ap-
pears in this work; Otho, married, went to Illinois, and was killed
by a railroad accident at Toleno Jnnction; Hinton, married, moved
to Illinois, and is dead; Eliza, wife of John Mitchner, lives in
Staunton ; Caleb II., married, and lives in Concord Township ;
Mary A., married to Eli Johnson (no kin), and lives in Leesburg,
Highland County, Ohio; Anna, married to William Pavey, but is
dead; Isaac M., the subject of this sketch.

Our subject was born in Fayette County, September 9, 1823, and
was married to Miss Casander Dick, daughter of John Dick, Octo-
ber 8, 1846. They were the parents of four children, two sons and
two daughters: Jane Josephine, married, and lives in this county;
Mary Lorena, married, and lives in Staunton; Scott, died when but
two years of age; Ilenson D., single, and at home on the farm with
his father.

Mrs. Johnson died in the fall of 1855, and about one year after-
ward Mr. Johnson married for his second Avife Leann Clauson,
daughter of William Clauson, residing near New Holland. They
are without children. Mrs. Johnson is a most excellent woman,
but does not enjoy first-class health. Mr. Johnson purchased what
was known as the Jenkins farm, in the spring of 1849, and soon
settled on the same, where lie still remains. His farm contains
tliree hundred and seventy-eight acres, situated on the pike lead-
ing from Washington to Greenfield, about midway between the
towns. They live in a magnificent brick house, with a lovely yard
and surroundings, on the south side of the pike. Mr. Johnson is
one of the well to-do farmers of Fayette Count3\ He was out in
the army for four montlis, and was taken prisoner by Morgan's
forces at Cynthiana, Kentucky, but was soon released. In politics
he is a life-long Republican ; in religion, a Methodist.

Some eight years ago a very interesting orphan girl was placed
in the family of Mr. Johnson (Miss Ellen Brown, daughter of the
late Dr. Brown, of Martinsburg,) by her grandfather, Avho request-
ed Mr. and Mrs. Johnson to take charge of her, and- raise her to
womanhood. She was but seven years old at the time. She proved

55

810 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

to be a very interesting girl; so amiable and sweet-spirited that
Mr. Johnson and family became very greatly attached to her — in-
deed, they loved het as though she was a member of the family by
blood, and especially was this the case with Mrs. Johnson. Some
two years ago Ellen died a triumphant death, believing, with all
her heart, in the Lord Jesus Christ. Such was Mrs. Johnson's love
and affection for this dear orphan girl, that she weeps, as only a
pure woman can weep, when she talks of Ellen Brown's life and
death.

JOSEPH S. JONES.

Joseph S. Jones, physician and surgeon, New Martinsburg, Ohio,
is the son of Robert P. and Nancy (Smith) Jones, natives of Berke-
ley County, Virginia, but reared in Ohio. Robert Jones, the grand-
father of this subject, came to Ohio in the year 1809, bringing a
family of two sons and eight daughters. He settled permanently
near Bainbridge, Ross County. His sons, Wells and Robert, be-
came permanent and prominent citizens of that section. Robert,
the father of our subject, still lives on the homestead farm in Ross
County. Wells died in 1863, leaving one son and five daughters.
Robert is the father of six sons and two daughters, all of whom
grew to mature years. Mary married Jeffi-ey Higgins. Wells mar-
ried Lizzie Kincaid. Nancy married James Smith. Robert mar-
ried Margaret Moon. William married Mary Core. James mar-
ried Sarah Greenfield. John married Sarah Hamilton. Robert
and Mary are deceased.

Joseph S. Jongs was born in Ross Count}', Ohio, August 1, 1827.
He gave the greater part of his early years to farm labor, and en-
dured a full share of the trials and difficulties of the early times.
His school advantages were such as were offered by the district
schools of the neighborhood. He however applied himself with
more than ordinar}' diligence, fitting himself for the vocation of a
teacher. In the year 1850, he began reading medicine with Drs.
Bittler and Little, of Cynthiana, Ohio, and attended lecture courses,
in 1851-2, at Starling Medical College, Columbus, and in June,
1852, began the practice of his profession in New Martinsburg,
where, with the exception of the years from 1855 to 1861, he has
since been ministering to the afliicted of this localit}-. During the
years excepted he was located at Jasper, Pike County.

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 811

He was marriefl, October 11, 1855, to Eliza J., daughter of Rich-
ard L. and Melinda (Turnipseed) Williams, of Koss County. Mrs.
Jones was born April 20, 1835. Her father's people came from
Virginia, and settled near Chillicothd some years previous to her
birth. Mr. Williams was a skillful stone-cutter, and in his early
life helped construct the locks on the Ohio Canal. In hiter years
he sold goods in JS'ew Martinsburg, from 1845 to 1878.

To the union of Mr. and Mrs. Jones nine children have been
born : William II., Mary E., Charles, Wells S., Robert R., Laura M.,
Joseph S. jr., Alonzo N., and Lizzie, all of whom are living.

Dr. Jones has had remarkable success in his profession, having
had twenty-nine years of constant practice, which is extensive and
substantial. In politics he adheres to the Republican party, and
has misSed but one election since he became a voter. He is a niem-
ber of Wilstach Lodge No. 368, I. O. O. F., of New Martinsburg,
and has tilled, at various times, each ot its several offices.

WILLIAM A. KING.

William A. King, farmer and stock raiser, is the son of Rev.
John King, who came from Virginia to Ohio, and settled in Ross
County, in the year 1808, where he remained until 1816, when he
removed to Fayette County, and settled on the waters of Sugar
Creek, where he remained until his death, which occurred in Feb-
ruary, 1866. He was born April 12, 1786.

He married for his first wife, Miss Rachel Hixon, who died De-
cember, 1843. Married for his second wife, Alcina Cherry, in April,
1845. She survived her husband some ten years. He had ten
children by his first wife, seven sons and three daughters: Bennett
M. married, and lives in Holt County, Missouri. Sarah married,
and lives in Missouri. Timothy H. is married to his second wife,
and lives in Allen County, Ohio. Reuben is practicing medicine
in Oregon, Holt County, Missouri. Weshy is married, and lives
in Wyoming City, Illinois. Elizabeth married Alfred Todhunter,
and lives near Martinsburg, this county. Rachel married Levi
Hopkins, and lives near Madison Mills, this county. John married,
moved west, and died at the age of sixty-one, being the first death
in this family of children. James C. married Miss Irons, and died
in May, 1878, at Washington C. II.

Mr King was licensed as a local preacher in the Methodist Epis-

812 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

copal Church in 1829, ordained deacon by Bishop Soule in 1833,
and ordained elder by the same bishop in 1843. He was a very
active and useful minister of the gospel in his day, visiting the sick,
preaching funerals, and administering the sacraments to the sick
and dying. Probably no one man has performed so many marriage
ceremonies in the county as has Mr. King. He was one of the
pioneers of the county, most widely and favorably known, respect-
ed and honored by all wdio knew him. After serving the church
for fifty years as a minister of the gospel, he died in great peace at
the advanced age of seventy.

William A. King, the subject of this sketch, was born in Fayette
County, June 18, 1824. He married Harriet Painter, daughter of
Jonathan Painter, who was a native of Pennsylvania, but came to
Ohio in an early day, and still lives near Good Hope, this •county,
J^Tovember 9, 1847. The}^ have eleven children, eight sons and
three daughters: Osman L. is married, and lives on his father's
farm. Emniett D. married a daughter of Adam JSTeighborgall, and
lives near Good Hope. Asa L. and Marion U. are single, and both
remain at home. Charles Trimble is also single: is attending the
Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio, and Avill soon grad-
uate; has been licensed to preach two years, and expects to devote
his life to the ministry; a promising son. Edgar L. is single, and
at home. Ada remains at home, and is teaching school in her
father's district. Alcina E. is a Miss of sixteen, and is organist at
Sugar Grove Church. John W., Bennett, and James H., remain
at home.

Mr. King was elected justice of the peace for Perry Township in
1861, and stilh holds the office, having been elected seven times.
He was licensed to preach in the Methodist Episcopal Church, in
1852, and ordained deacon, in 1862, by Bishop Morris. The King
family are all members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and
much devoted to the cause of God.

For fifteen years after his marriage Mr. King taught school, and
thus got his start in life. He now owns and lives on a farm of
three hundred and sixty-five acres of good land, situated on the
south side of Sugar Creek, on the Washington and Ilillsboro pike.
A family well to do, much respected, useful, and happy.

'PERRY TOWNSHIP. 813

HARRISON LIxVlES.

Harmon Limes, the grandfather of this subject, was -an English-
man, and his wife, Nancy Campbell, was a native of Ireland.
.They were married in England, and coming to America, before
the revolution, settled in Maryland. They had four children:
William, Henry, Harmon, jr., and Margaret. William, the oldest
of the family, was born October 2, 1778. He married Atha Dos-
ter, of Virginia, and became a resident of this state in 1810. Their
children were : Henry, Harmon, Harriet, Harvey, Hester, Harrison,
Huldah, Henrietta, and Heresa.

Harrison Limes is the fourth son and sixth child of WiUiam and
Athalia (Doster) Limes, and was born July 20, 1816. He was
meagerly educated in the common schools of the pioneer days of
his time; but by application has added to his scanty store of book
knowledge much vahiable learning, which classes him among the
intelligent men of his township. He was married April 7, 1841,
to Eliza, first daughter of Mathew and Hannah (Kinley) Aber, of
Highland County, this state ; she was born December 15, 1823.
The fruits of their union have been four sons and three daughters:
William IL, born February 16, 1842 ; Harvey E. E., born May 20,
1843 ; Harriet Ann, born August 14, 1845 ; Charles W., born Sep-
tember 17, 1850; Hannah R., born Jarmary 9,1849; Winfield S.,
born January 22, 1855 ; Atha Eliza J., born N'ovember 22, 1860.

Mr. Limes has served Perry Township as clerk for several suc-
cessive years, and is at present serving as justice of the peace, on
his fourth term of three years each. His reputation as a magis-
trate is an excellent one. He practices veterinar}' surgery exten-
sively throughout the country.

WILLIAM MERCHANT.

William Merchant was born in Virginia, June 13, 1800. His
parents, Abraham and Sarah (Bull) Merchant, were natives of
Berkeley County, Virginia, and came to this state, in 1814, bring-
ing with them their children : Joel, Lydia, Jonah, Rebecca, Abra-
ham, jr., William, Fanny, Nathan, Isaac and Sarah. Joel served
as a soldier in the war of 1812, and died years later in one of the
Southern States ; Lydia married Reese Morgan; Jonah married

814 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Sarah Brown; Kebecca married David Dniin; Abraham married
Elizabeth Browu; Fanny married Mark Thurman ; Xathan mar-
ried Mary Davis ; Isaac married Jane Todhunter; Sarah married
Elias Simmons.

William Merchant was married May 18, 1822, to Elizabeth
Smith ; ten children were born to them, nine of whom grew to .
mature years : Isaac, William, John W., Sarah, Jonah, Rebecca,
]^ancy, Abraham, Elizabeth, and Nahum. Isaac married Nancy
Ca3dor; William married Sarah A. Breaktield; John W. married
Eleanor Breaktield ; Sarah married Jacob Caylor ; Jonah married
Maria Johnson ; Rebecca married Hugh Snyder; Xancy married
Charles Fishback ; Elizabeth died July 1, 1842, agediifteeu months ;
Abraham married Catherine Limes. He served in the Union
Army during the cival war of 1861 and 1865, and was a member of
the Second California Cavalry. He died, during his term of serv-
ice, December 2, 1861, and is buried in "Lone Mountain Ceme-
tery," near San Francisco, California.

Nahum, the youngest of the family, was born December 23,
1843, and was married September 8, 1866, to Eliza Priddy. To
this union three children were born : Otis, Clara and Lida BelJe.
Mrs. Merchant died. May 2, 1870. He married his present wife,
Emily A, DePoy, September 12, 1871. They have one son, born
September 1, 1877. Xahum served in the late war as a member of
Company G, 2d California Cavalry, campaigning against the In-
dians in California, Arizona and Xevada. He was mustered out
of service, at San Francisco, in October, 1864, and returning to
this state he engaged in farming the home place the next season,
and ever since has given his attention to agriculture and legitimate
trade. He has had some success, and is well known for his good
judgment and business activity. He is a staunch Republican.

It can be said of William Merchant, that nothing could divert him
from the path of rectitude. He lived a correct life and died a
peaceable death. lie had been an active and useful member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church for forty-four years preceding his
death, and the light and powers of his Christian example outlasts
his fleeting breath. He died December 27, 1878, in his seventy-
ninth year.

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 815

JOHN ORR.

John Orr, farmer and stock raiser, is a son of Jolm Orr, who was
a native of Virginia, and came to Ohio in 1818, settling on the
waters of main Paint Creek, in Marion Township. After remain-
ing there two years, he removed to a fiirm on the north side of
Sugar Creek, where he remained until his death, which occurred
in 1856. His wife was a Miss Vairce, of Kentucky, who preceded
him to the grave. They were the parents of seven children, four
sons and three daughters: Sophia, married, and died in Kentuck}^;
Samuel, married, moved to Indiana, and died; Eleanor A., married,
and died in this county; William P., married, moved to Johnson
County, Iowa, and has his second wife; Elizaheth, married, moved
to Indiana, and died; Andrew J., died unmarried; John, subject of
this sketch.

John Orr, our subject, was born in Kentucky, in 1811. Came
with his parents to Fayette Count}", in 1818. Married EHza Snyder,
daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Snyder, in November, 1831. In
the spring of 1832 they commenced keeping house on the farm on
which they have resided all their married life, and wdiich he still
owns, located on the waters of Sugar Creek, on the Washington
and Hillsboro pike, some four and a half miles from Washington
C. H. Here Mrs. Orr died, after ten days' sickness, November 2,
1880, aged seventy years. She was a most estimable Christian lady.

They were the parents of eight children, five sons and three
daughters: Henry S., married, moved to Kansas, and died quite re-
cently, in the forty-nintli year of his age; Andrew V., married,
and lives near Washington C. H.; Nancy A., married to Christian
Grove, and lives near Washington C. H.; William H., married, and
lives on the original homestead, now owned by his father; Eliza-
beth J., married, and lives in Iowa ; Samuel O., unmarried, and died
in the army; John S., married, and lives in his father's old home-
stead house; Emma A., married, and lives in Concord Township.

Mr. Orr sold goods, from 1841 to 1857, in a room just across the
road from his house, which proved a financial success. He owns a
most excellent farm of one hundred and sixty acres. In conse-
quence of the death of his wife, he made a public sale of stock,
farming implements, etc., in April, 1881, and ceased housekeeping,
after a married life of nearly fifty years on the same spot of g^-ound

816 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

where he commenced. They have heeu members of the Methodist
Episcopal Church for many years, and have seen all their children
grown up to manhood and womanhood, a respectable, honored,
well-to-do family.

CHARLES PAINTER.

Henry Painter and Elizabeth, his wife, were Pennsylvanians,
coming to this state about the year 1822, and settling on the Wood-
son Survey, east of New Marti nsburg, in Perry Township, this
county. They w^ere the grandparents of Charles Painter. Their
children were John, Peter, Henry, Sally, Jonathan and Jacob
(twins).

Jonathan, the father of our subject, was born August 22, 1804,
and in later years, settled with his father as above mentioned.
His wife, Adah Smith, was from Pennsylvania. They were parents
of bix children : Jackson, Harriet K., Eliza Ellen Smith, Charles,
Jonathan, and Lewis. Jackson, the oldest son, died in California.
The father still lives near Good Hope, this county, and has been
an active Christian and member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church for a great many years.

Henry, the grandfather of our subject, was a soldier in the war
of the revolution. Lewis and Jonathan both served in the late
civil war, and fought for the Union. Our subject served in the
168th O. ]^. G. under Captain Lewis Painter. The regiment cam-
paigned in this state and Kentucky.

Charles Painter was married January 10, 1860, to Cynthia Ann,
Roberts, daughter of Moses and Elizabeth (Perry) Roberts, of
Highland County. Her father's family consisted of nine children :
Eliza, Jesse, Jane, Susan, Hannah, James, William, Cynthia Ann,
and George H. Mr. Roberts, by a former marriage in Virginia,
was the father of nine, children.

Mr. and Mrs. Painter have had born to them twelve children :
Edward Estell, born January 9, 1861 ; Jesse Fremont, born August
1, 1863, died February 13, 1874 ; VYiUiam Carey, born September
22,1864; eJames Morris, born December 1, 1865; Harley Smith,
born February 22, 1867; John Wesley, born December 25, 1868;
Frederick J^ born November 15, 1870, died December 18, 1874 ;
Charles Eskridge, born October 15, 1872 ; Eldridge B., born April
1, 1876 ; Mary Olive, born March 11, 1879 ; infant sou, born June
3, 1881.

tERRY TOWNSHIP. 817

Mr. Painter and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, in which denomination Mr. Painter is- a classWeader.
They have occnpied their present home since 1860. They are
comfortably fixed, and their children are healthy and intelligent.

Mr. Painter is a Republican, and for years past has served his
township as trustee.

JAMES PRIDDY.

The grandparents of James Priddy — James and Martha (Rowe)
Priddy — were natives of Virginia, and came to this state in 1816,
settling in Perry Township. They were the parents of William,
Elias, Andrew, George, and Lucy.

Elias, the father of James, was born in Virginia, in 1796, and
came to this state with his father's family, and in later years mar-
ried Rebecca, daughter of Ebenezer Haines. His children were
George, Evaline, Strawther, Martha, Jane, Lucy, James, Emily,
Mary Amanda, Elizabeth, and Eliza.

Strawther married Mrs. Ellen (Brown) Wheatley ; Martha mar-
ried James Smith ; Lucy married Fletcher Zimmerman ; Emily
married Elby Wilson; Mary married Jonathan Painter; Amanda
married Joseph Doster ; Elizabeth married W. F. Bryan ; and
Eliza married Nahum Merchant.

James Priddy was born in this county and state, February 27,
1839, and was married December 18, 1866, to Mary E. Tddhunter,
daughter of John P. and Martha J. (Binegar) Todhunter, of the
same township. Mrs. Priddy was born May 10, 1844. The fruits
of this marriage have been six children : Aurora Grace, born Oc-
tober 21, 1867; Myrta G., born October 11, 1870; Florence Luetta,
born January 11, 1873 ; Leota Blanche, born August 12, 1875;.
Arthur Esto, born June 27, 1878; and Ethel Alma, born Novem-
ber 16, 1880.

Mr. Priddy has a creditable record as a soldier, and did service
during the late civil war as a member of Company A, 1st Ohio
Cavalry. His company was commanded by Captain John Robin-
son, of Washington, and served on special duty as escort to some
of the distinguished commanders of the Union forces ; among
them, Kilpatrick, Meade, Pope and Shields. The field of travel em-
braced Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and
Tennessee.

818 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Our subject now occupies what is known as the " old Crothers
farm,"- composed of one hundred acres of good farm land. He is
the head of an interesting family, deals squarely and prospers
continually. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church.

HARRISON REES.

Solomon Rees, the grandfather of Harrison Rees, came to this
county, in 1806, and built and operated a brewery on the lot now
owned b}^ John Kneedler, in the suburbs of l^ew Martinsburg.
This was long before the town was thought of. Sampson, Hiram,
and Owen, were his sons. The first two were born in Virginia,
and Owen was born on the way from Virginia to this state, and on
that account was afterwards known as " Owen Rees the traveler."
Hiram and Mar} (McVeigh) Rees, the parents of this subject had
ten children : Sarah, Harrison, Isaac, Mary Ann, Xoah, Ruth, John,
Martha J., Rebecca, and Emily. Hiram first settled on Rattlesnake.
He afterwards followed coopering and farming.

Our subject was born at the present site of ]^ew Martinsburg,
i^ovember 13, 1816, and attended school in the pioneer school
house, of round logs, puncheon tioors and slab benches. Among
his teachers, were Zena Wilcox, William Jury, and Jacob Todhun-
ter.

He was married December 25, 1838, to Margaret, daughter of
Rees and Mary (Madden) Ellis. This marriage ended in the death
of the wife, nearly thirty years later, November 1, 1868. Mrs.
Rees was a woman of remarkable piety, and was much devoted to
a prayerful study of the Bible. She died childless. Mr. Rees was
again married, on the 13th of October, 1869, to Mrs. Ann (Dill)
Daugherty, relict of Joseph Daugherty, who died in the army, a
member of Company C, 114th O. V. I. They had six children
born to them : ]^oah A., Joseph H., William H., Mary M., Alice
H., and Anna May. By her marriage to Mr. Daugherty, Mrs. Rees
is the mother of three children : Ehza E., Libbie, and Xancy J.

Our subject spent a brief time in Champaign County, in 1844
and 1845 ; but with this exception, his life of sixty-five years has
been spent in the vicinity of the village of New Martinsburg. He
began his business of shoe making in 1848, and has ever since
given his main attention to that trade.

PEBRY TOWNSHIP. 819

111 the year 1849, he was elected constable of his township, and
with the exception of two years, he has been successfully re-elected
to that office. He has also assessed the chattels of Perry Township
every year, save three, since 1854. Mr. Rees has been an Odd-fel-
low for the past sixteen years. He is widely known in tlie county,
and much esteemed for honesty and integrity. His wife is a mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church,

WOODSON SMITH.

Peter Smith, the grandfather of Woodson Smith, was a native of
Germginy. He came to America near the close of the Revolution,
settling for the first five years in Virginia. He then removed to
Kentucky, and during his residence there, became personally ac-
quainted with Daniel Boone of historic fame. Adam Smith, the
father of Woodson, was born in Virginia, five ^^ears previous to the
removal of the family to Kentucky. His wife was Ann Woodson,
daughter of Judge John Woodson, of Kentucky. The Woodsons
are of French descent. To Adam and Ann Smith were born two
sons and two daughters, Woodson, Maria, Wesley, and Betsey
Ann. He came to Ohio in 1821, aiid settled on the "Woodson Snr-
vey," near where his descendants now reside. The land in that
section was then valued at |1.50 to |2 per acre. Adam Smith died
in Iowa in 1860; his wife died in 1832.

Our subject was born in Ohio, February 11, 1821, and was edu-
cated in the pioneer school-house, wdth puncheon benches for seats
and greased paper for window-glass. He was married August 16,
1843, to Henrietta Limes, daughter of William and Athalia (Doster)
Limes, who were settlers east of New Martinsburg as early as 1811.
Mrs. Smith was born in 1823. To their union was born two sons,
Harvey, born July 8, 1844, and Leander, born October 4,
1846. Harvey married Levina Irvin and is a resident of Fayette
County. He is the father of one son, Tucker, and one daughter,
Lulu. Leander married Mrs. Henrietta Cox, nee Bennett. She died
April 2, 1876, aged 31. To Leander and his wnfe two daughters
were born, Delia, born February 11, 1870; Ella, born May 3,
1875. Leander is a member of the I. O. O. F., and served with
credit in the war as a member of Company " I," 168th O. V. I.,
under Captain Lewis Painter. Our subject was one of the throng
of adventurousspirits who sought the gold fields of California when

820 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

the precious ore was discovered there. He left Ohio in March 1852,
spent more than five years in the trip from first to last, and returned
to his home in August, 1857. He recounts many thrilling stories
of his experience in t^e cities of Mexico, Acapulco, Vera Cruz, and
other important places visited by him and his party. He is a mem-
ber of the F. & A. M. at Greenfield. Mr. S. built his present brick
residence in 1876, at a cost of $5,000. He is the owner of a fine
farm of two hundred and twenty-five acres of land on the Buena
Vista pike, two miles east of New Martinsburg.

ISAAC SMITH.

Isaac Smith is a sturdy blacksmith of New Martinsburg, and
plies his trade diligently, year after year. He was born in Guernsey
County, Ohio, January 28, 1822 ; he is a son of Anthony Smith, a
native of New Jersey, who came to Ohio soon after it was admitted
into the Union. Our subject learned his trade with William Gold,
of Tarlton, Ohio, and on the 19th of April, 1846, he was married to
Mary Smith, daughter of S. Smith of New Jersey. The fruits. of
this union were six children : Melissa J., Elizabeth Ellen, Ann
Maria, Clara Adelia, Alice* and Orpha. Previous to his residence
in New Martinsburg he spent a number of years in Pickaway
County, and seven years in A^inton County. He located in New
Martinsburg in 1862, and has since then given his trade his princi-
pal attention.

ROBERT R. TEMPLETON.

Robert Templeton, the subject of this sketch, was born May 14,
1794, in Washington County, Pa., and came with his parents to
Ross- County, Ohio, in 1812, settling near the site of the town of
Kingston. He was married to Miss Jane, daughter of John Beaty,
of New Lancaster, Fairfield County, Ohio, on the 23d of November,
1820. Mrs Templeton died in 1872. Mr. T. is the father of eight
children, Mary Ann, Eliza J., Agnes T., David W., Margaret, John
B., Robert A., and J. Carnthers. Of these Mary Ann and Marga-
ret are dead. Mr. Templeton came to Perry Township, (then a
part of Wayne and Green) in April, 1822. He here lived on a farm
ten miles south of Washington and three miles east of Martinsburg,
until the death of his wife, when he sold his home farm and has

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 821

lived with his son John on the farm adjoined to the one he sohl,
until recently. His son Carnther's wife dying, the father, sympa-
thizing with his son in his great loss, and wishing to minister to
him in his affliction, went to reside with the stricken one.

Mr. Templeton has been an elder in the Presbyterian Church at
Greeniield for over forty years. In early life he was a Whig; in
later years a Republican. He is decidedly anti-secret society in his
sentiments, and on the subject of temperance and the use of
tobacco, he gives forth no uncertain sound.

Commencing life a poor man, he has amassed a fortune, so that
he can give to each of his children a handsome start in life.

J. B. TEMPLETON.

This gentleman is a native of Perry Township ; was born Feb-
ruary 28, 1833, and is the son of Robert R. Templeton. He served
in the 168th 0. N. G. in the rebellion, and, with his regiment, was
captured at Cynthiana, Kentucky, and paroled, after which he was
kept on duty in Cincinnati.

October 8, 1856, he married Catharine Lucas, whose father, Ezra
Lucas, was born at Marietta, Ohio, April 16, 1789. It is thought
that Mr. Lucas was the first white male child born in Ohio. He
was a lineal descendant of the Puritans of Plymouth. His parents
came to Marietta in 1788 with the first immigrants, and remained
two years, then went to Washington County, Pa., on account of the
depredations of the Indians. Ezra Lucas came thence to Ohio,
probably in 1810, and was married to Isabel McKinzey, April 2,
1811, and settled in Ross County. To them were born twelve chil-
dren, of whom Mrs. Templeton is the youngest. Mr. Lucas died in
September, 1861.

Mr. Templeton, as well as his wife, is a member of the Presby-
terian Church at Greenfield, of which he has been a deacon eight
or ten years, and has recently been elected elder.

He has three hundred and nine acres of excellent land, well im-
proved. His family consists of six children : Melva J., Albertus L.,
Annie I., John C, Robert E., and Katie E.

LEVI TRACY.

Wornel, Solomon and William Tracy, sons of John Tracy, of the

822 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

State of Maryland, came to Ohio about the year 1805, and settled
first in Jefferson County, and each took a part in the war of 1812.
John, the father, resided thirty miles from Baltimore, and it is said
of him that he rolled into the city the first hogshead of tobacco
ever offered to the market.

Wornel, the father of our subject, married his first wife, Lern-
nions, in Maryland. She died in that state, leaving three children,"
Sallie, John, and Ternpy. After coming to Ohio he married a Babb,
by whom he had nine children, Rebecca, Jasper, William,
Levi, Elizabeth, Hannah, Joseph, iSTancy, and Mary. The Tracys
were of Scotch descent ; the Babbs were from Switzerland.

Our subject was born near New Martinsburg, Fayette County,
Ohio, May 4, 1811. His education was of the pioneer kind, and
was obtained in light doses, in attending the old-fashioned log
school house. More attention was given to clearing up the farm
than storing the mind with knowledge. He was married May 17,
1832, to Catherine Smith, daughter of Peter Smith, native of Ken-
tucky. She died September 16, 1864, having borne eight children:
Harriet, Martha, Lydia, Wesley, Asbury, Maria, Miranda, and
Lawson.

Mr. Tracy married his present wife, January 23, 1866. She was
Mrs. Lydia Branch, nee Brown, daughter of Lemuel G. and Anna
(Trowbridge) Brown. The Browns were among the early settlers
of Marietta, Ohio. She was born May 19, 1826. By her first mar-
riage she had five children : Henry, Charles, Lemuel E., John,
and Lucy. Two daughters have been the fruits of her marriage to
Mr. Tracy.

Our subject located where he now lives in the j^ear 1832, having
partially cleared the tract some years previous. He is thoroughly
versed iji the usages and customs of the early days, and never tires
in reciting the thrilling incidents of his backwoods experience. At
his first marriage, he began the erection of a house in which to move,
and, without assistance, had it ready for occupation in thirty days.
He was converted and joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, Feb-
ruary 25, 1846, and has ever since been found in his place, bearing
a large share of the burdens of the Cochran society, in which he
held, for many years, the i^osition of leader. He has lived to see
the wilderness of his boyhood blossom and bear rich fruit as the
results of honest toil on the part of the hardy pioneer and his
successor.

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 823

ALFRED TODHUNTER.

Alfred Todhiinter, farmer and stock raiser, was born on the farm
which he now occupies, one and a half miles southeast of Martins-
burg, on the 22d of July, 1819. On the 28th of May, 1846, he
married Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. John King. To them have
been born five children : John T., Sarah P., Robert M., James R.,
and Rachel M. (3f these, Sarah is dead ; John, Robert, and James
are married, and reside in this township; and Rachel lives with
her parents.

Mr. and Mrs. Todhunter are consistent members of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church. He belongs to the Odd-fellows, having
regularly passed all the chairs in a creditable manner.

Though they commenced life poor, by industry and economy
they have amassed a competence, and own one hundred and twen-
ty acres of good land, well improved, and beautifully located. In
addition to this, they have one hundred and thirty-eight acres
near Martinsburg, on which his sons live, and one hundred acres
in Kansas. Being out of debt, Mr. Todhunter is contented and
happy.

Mr. Todhunter's father, Richard Todhunter, a native of Vir-
ginia, came to Ohio probably in 1810, and died in 1867, ninety
years old. His mother survived her husband a few years.

AlKIUSTUS WEST.

Mr. West was born in Madison County, Virginia, March 20,
1814. His father being a slave, he took the name of his mother,
a free colored woman, Dilcie West, who supported her family by
selling cakes and other pastry which she baked. She was the
mother of sixteen children.

Mr. West came to Ohio in 1837, and settled in Highland County,
three and a half miles from Hillsborough, where he resided three
years ; thence he moved to a farm on Falls Creek, and remained
three years. Moving from there he came to Fayette County, and
bought fifty acres of land, on which he lived fifteen years. Selling
this land, he purchased one hundred and seventy-seven acres,
eleven miles south of Washington, where he has resided for twen-
ty-two years, surrounded by many comforts.

824 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

He married Harriet Payton, in Culpepper County, Virginia, by
whom he had eleven children. She died in 1873. He married his
second wife, Mary Ootes, in 1877.

Mr. West is a member of the Baptist Church, and a Republican.
His wife is a Methodist. Two of his sons served in the army in
the late war. Andrew was a member of the 27th Michigan In-
fantry, and was killed at Honey Hill, North Carolina, in 1863.
William was wounded in the battle of the wilderness.

JAMES WILSON.

James Wilson, farmer and teamster, is the second son of William
and Sarah (Santee) Wilson, natives of Ohio. He was born October
3, 1825. His father's family consisted of ten children : Eli, James,
Sarah, William, John, George, Joseph, Cynthia, Sophia, and Mar-
garet. The parents died in Highland County, near Centerfield.

George Santee, the maternal grandfather of this subject, served
in the war of 1812, and died near Petersburg, Highland County,
at an advanced age.

Our subject was married. May 11, 1854, to Mrs. Elizabeth (Dow-
den) Wilson. She was a native of Ohio, and was born April 5,
1823. By a previous marriage she is the mother of two children :
Margaret J., born February 11, 1844; William O., born May 5, 1847.

Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are the parents of six children : Sarah
F. A., born January 28, 1855; married John Cooper. Thomas L.,
born September 17, 1856; Samuel A., born June 21, 1859 ; John
E., born February 3, 1862 ; Saniantha F., born January 2, 1864 ;
Alwilda E., born July 20, 1866.

JAMES ZIMMARMON.

The parents of Mr. Zimmarmon came from Virginia to Ohio at
an early date, and settled in Wayne Township. After staying
there some time, they moved to the western part of Perry Town-
ship, where tliey died.

Mr. Zimmarmon was born September ^6, 1826, and on the 19th
of July, 1849, he married Elizabeth Wain. Mrs. Zimmarmon was
born March 27, 1833. To these parents have been born ten chil-
dren : Sarah E., Mary Frances, Joseph H., Jacob W., Clara Ann,

PERRY TOAVNSHIP. 825

Eli "Wesley, James Sherman, Grant, Irena, Mary, Aldo Layton,
Alonzo, and Almeda. The last two are dead.

Mr. Zimmarmon owns two hundred acres of land, favorably lo-
cated, and well improved. Stock- water is in abundance.

He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
In politics he is a Republican.

WAYNE TOWNSHIP.

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.

Inasmuch as "Wayne Township adjoins Ross County — settled sev-
eral years prior to Fayette — and hecause several of the Ross Coun-
ty pioneers removed across the border at a very early date, Wayne
can, perhaps, lay claim to the honor of being the first township
within the present limits of Fayette in which the whites located
permanently.

The land now owned by John H. Bryant, and located on the
north fork of Paint Creek, near the Ross County line, was origin-
ally settled by one Wolf, who came from Virginia to the above-
mentioned tract in 1796 — the first settler in the township. Our in-
formant (Mr. Bryant) remembers seeing the date, "1800," on the
chimney, but had good authority that the cabin was erected four
years before. The cabin was constructed of heavy and substantial
timber, and a part of the beams is now used by Mr. Bryant for
gate posts, while others were brought into requisition when his
barn was built. Upon this land is a perpetual spring of clear and
cool water, which undoubtedly induced Wolf to locate in its imme-
diate vicinity. The writer was shown the original "smoke house"
used by Wolf, which has since been converted into a "spring
house." Wolf is described as a tall, powerful man, Avho made
hunting and Indian killing his vocation during his lifetime. He
died here, and was buried near White Oak, on Hamilton's Run.
His descendants removed to the West. One of them was met in
Indiana, about twenty years ago, by a citizen of this county. Since
that time, however, nothing has been heard of the family.

The old Bryant homestead, which is now occupied by

Speakman, was settled about 1815, by Philip Louderman, a Vii-gin-
ian, and relative of Wolf.

Alexander Hamilton, another relative, settled on the opposite
side of the north fork of Paint Crfeek, on the present Dr. Judy

WAYNE TOAVNSHIP. 827

farm. His family consisted of a wife and seven children, some of
whom are still living. His body reposes in the White Oak burying
place.

William Harper was born in Berkeley County, Virginia, where
he married Nancy Faris, a native of the same county. Accom-
}>anied by their eight children, they immigrated to this township in
1803, settling on lands now in the possession of Robert Harper,
which at that early day consisted of one continual tract of dense
forest, inhabited solely by the red man and wild animals. Two
children were born here, and thus the family consisted of ten chil-
dren— ^five sons and five daughters — all of whom arrived at the age
of maturity. Of these, Robert was born February 22, 1806, and is
the oldest person now living in the county who w^as born within its
limits. The elder Harpers were members of the Presbyterian
Church, but afterward connected themselves with the Baptist, and
died in the latter faith — he at the age of eighty-four, she of eighty-
six.

Another noted pioneer was Benjamin Davis, who was born in
in South Carolina, thence removed to I^orth Carolina. In 1802 he
came to this state, settled in Highland County, where he remained
till 1807, when he took possession of land now owned by his grand-
son, William Davis, three hundred acres of w^iicli formed a part of
the Grilfith survey, ISTo. 738, and was purchased of Pope.

He erected a rude pioneer cabin on the opposite side of the
branch, south of his grandson's residence, in which he lived many
years. He was married to Ann Stafford in Korth Carolina. Their
matrimonial relation was blessed by eight children, all of w^hora
are deceased save one son, Joseph, who was living in Iowa when
last heard from.

It is said that Davis purchased, in 1781, a book, for wdiich he
paid forty-five dollars ; and to protect himself from being robbed
by some litera'ry individual, wrote on the inside of the cover this
inscription :

" Don't steal this book, for fear of shame,
For above, there is the owner's name."

' This simple but expressive rhyme has been handed down to this
generation, and is frequently used by "the young idea" of the
present.

828 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Davis died in 1837, and at his death his son Jacob purchased of
the remaining heirs the old homestead. He was horn March 28,
1802, and in the fall of that year accompanied his parents to this
state. He was married, April 13, 1826, to Ellen, daughter of Wil-
liam Wilkinson, of Virginia, who bore him seven children : John,
IlTancy, Benjamin, William, Susan, Ellen, and Jacob. John resides
in Missouri; Nancy is married to Abner Dickson, and resides in
this township ; Benjamin is deceased; Susan departed this life when
but ten years of age; Ellen is married to William Thorp, an ex-
tensive cattle dealer at Washington C. H. ; Jacob A. was a member
of Captain Greener's company (E), First Regiment Fayette County
Militia, and was drowned in the Ohio River, at Scott's Landing,
during the Morgan Raid; William at present owns and farms the
old homestead.

Of the father it is said, that though he lived threescore years, he
was never interested in a law suit, as plaintiff, defendant, or witness.
'Mrs. Davis was a life-long member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, her mother being among the first of those who introduced
Methodism into Elkhart County, Indiana. Davis died November
1, 1860; his wife, July 31, 1872.

Samuel Sollars was born in Alleghany County, Pennsylvania,
January 12, 1784; married Elizabeth Train, and in 1808 left their
native state for Ohio, the family, at that time, consisting of one son,
John, then about thirty months old. The husband had taken a trip
to Ohio in the spring previous, and selected a tract of land em-
braced in a survey on the present Highland County line, on which
Laban Records had squatted at or about the same time.

After having cleared and planted about twenty acres of this land
in corn, Sollars returned for his wife and child, and brought them
to their future home in the same year, the trip being made by means
of a wagon, drawn over the rough roads, and through the dense
forests, by three horses.

It will be remembered that this settlement was made prior to the
organization of Fayette County ; hence, the tract on which they
located was then a part of Ross County. At present, however, it
lies wholly within the limits of this township, and is known as the
C. Wallace survey, No. 7577. That portion settled by Mr. Sollars,
containing four hundred and fifty acres, has since been divided and
subdivided, and is now occupied by Free, Stuckey, Harper, and
McCoy. The land was purchased from Wallace, for whom it had

WAYNE TOAVNSatP. 829

been surveyed. He is said to have been a great laud speculator,
and made the SoUars' cabiu his favorite stopping place on his
travels.

Hamilton Rodgers was a native of Pennsylvania, but afterward
removed to Kentucky, where he was married to Miss Mary Gibson.
In 1808, the family, which now consisted of father, mother, and
eight children, removed to this township, and settled at the mouth
of Indian Creek, on land now owned by William S. Rodgers.
There were no improvements, but instead the Indians abounded,
and their huts could be seen in all directions. They were disposed
to be friendly, but woe unto him who crossed their path. The
rough condition of the land made clearing a difficult matter, but
by their untiring efforts the family soon had quite a tract of land
in a high state of cultivation.

Aquilla Jones was born in Bradley County, Virginia, June 29,
1798, being a son of Jonathan and Hannah Jones, who were natives
of England. They had ten children, of which the subject of this
sketch alone survives. He came to Ohio in 1821, and worked for
several farmers in this township for a period of ten years, then re-
turned to Virginia, remaining about eighteen months, when he
came back to his adopted country.

August 14, 1831, he married Elizabeth Garinger, and located
with her on his present farm. She bore him seven children: Eliz-
abeth, Hannah, Amos, Cyrene, Louisa, an infant unnamed, and
David. The infant, Hannah, and Amos, are deceased. Mrs. Jones
departed this life March 20, 1848, and subsequently Mr, Jones mar-
ried Mrs. Jacob Arehart, nee Ann M. Higman, who bore him two
children, Maria and Laura.

Mr. Jones is one of the substantial pioneers yet living, and enjoys
the esteem of his neighbors. His son David, of whom mention is
made in the biographical department, is remembered as being one
of the active and heroic participants in the late war.

Benjamin Rodgers was born in Loudon County, Virginia, whence
he removed to Ross County, on Deer Creek, in 1806, at which time
there were but twelve or fifteen houses in Chillicothe. He was
married, in Ross County, to Elizabeth Jackson, a native of Mary-
land, who bore him eight children.

Among the pioneers of Wayne now living none is more deserv-
ing of honorable mention than John Kule, son of John Kule, sr.,
and Mary, daughter of Peter Eyler. She was born on mid ocean

830 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

while her parents were emigrating to the land of the free from
Germany.

The subject of our sketch was born in A'^irginia, September 15,
1808, and when quite young his parents moved, to Ross County,
Ohio, settling in Concord Township in 1817. His education was .
principally obtained at a log cabin in Greenfield, which was also
used as a store and tavern. In 1830, he was married to Charity,
daughter of Moses Hopkins, who bore him eleven children, all of
w^hom lived to maturity. By careful management and industr^^ he
has accumulated real estate to the amount of about five hundred
acres, which is well improved. He has held many ofi&ces of public
trust, and enjoys the confidence of his acquaintances. He has in
his possession a gun which was placed in a spring vhen the State
of Ohio was known only as the Northwest Territory.

TAVERNS.

In the pioneer days, Wayne could boast of no regular tavern, and
indeed this state of afi'airs exists at the present time. The stranger
found a friendly shelter under the roof of any cabin he might en-
ter, and was scarcely ever allowed to compensate his generous host.
In later years, prior to the introduction of the "steam horse," travel
on the State roads became very general, and the demand for a reg-
ular hostlery became very great. In view of these facts, Noah
Hukill, who still resides with his son on the Washington and Chil-
licothe Pike, opened his house to the public and soon established a
world-wide reputation for the same. He also sold liquor, but kept a
quiet and orderly house. His first sign bore the inscription : " Oats
and Whisky," the next, "Inn by N. Hukill," the third read "In-
dependence, Peace and Plenty." It is stated that the drivers and
occupants of tAventy teams and wagons stopped here Jit one night-
The tavern was well managed and considered a home for the weary
traveler. It has long since been closed, its proprietor is still among
the living, but the dear old homestead where he has spent so many
years, will soon know him no more. At present there is no hotel
in the township, though there is a great demand for a temporary
abode for the man of trunks and valises at Good Hope. At this

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. - 831

place a depot is in course of construction, and at its completion we
may look forward to the opening of the much desired hotel.

INDIAN REMINISCENCES.

The following was obtained from an interview with Mrs. Scott, a
granddaughter of George Scott. She often heard the story related
by her mother, and kindly volunteered to impart it to the readers
of this work :

By birth, Heath was a Virginian, Ijis grandfatlier having partici-
pated at Valley Forge with the American armies during the Revo-
lutionary war; his wife was engaged in attending to the wounded
after the above mentioned battle. They had three children ; one
was killed by Indians while engaged in plowing.

George came to Kentucky as a scout during the Revolutionary
war, and at the age of twenty-one was married to Anna Wright,
who lived near the Ohio River, in Kentucky. During the closing
years of the eighteenth century the young couple crossed the Ohio
and came to this county, settling on Indian Creek, in this township,
on land now in the possession of William Rodgers.. They had ten
chiklren. The Davises, Wrights, Hills, Brannons and Clousers af-
terwards located in the same neighborhood, some of them on the
opposite side of Paint Creek. Heath participated in the war of
1812 ; in what capacity is not ascertainable.

The Miamis had a camping ground near the mouth of Indian
Creek, about four hundred yards from the humble home of the
Heaths. During the winter, from five to six hundred redskins were
encamped here — generally peaceful, though apparently very quick
tempered at times. When Deborah Heath, the mother of our in-
formant, was twelve years of age, a white man named Harrod
shot and killed an Indian while out on a hunting expedition, and
covered him up with the logs of the forest. On the morning after
the killing of the savage. Heath departed for Frankfort, leaving
his family unprotected. The Ifidians instituted a search for their
missing companion, and, upon discovering his dead body, very
naturally concluded that the deed had been committed by a pale-
face. They became very much excited, and one of their compan-
ions, who went by the sobriquet of " Wild Duck," an ugly and fero-

8S2 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

cioLis looking savage, came to the Heatli cabin and inquired for
the head of the family. He was told that the latter had gone to
the mill at Frankfort. He did not depart readily upon receiving
this information, but continued to inquire for Heath, at the same
time brandishing his huge knife in a threatening manner, but
finallv was induced to depart and the terrible suspense of the family
was relieved. On the morning following, the ladian made a second
call meeting Heath a short distance from the house. For more
than an hour, angry words and threats passed between the two ;
finally, however, they dropped their weapons in token of peace.
As Heath's brother had been massacred by the Indians, his hos-
tility to the latter was avowed and kuow^n to them, hence he was
suspected of being the murderer of their late companion. Pre-
sumably he gave a satisfactory account of himself, at all events he
was not molested. The entire settlement was much alarmed, and
feared an attack from their savage neighbors. To insure safety,
the Heaths took up their temporary abode at Frankfort, Mrs. Heath
having buried the tableware in the garden before departing.

Harrod was captured by the Indians, in Ross county, and burned
to death at the stake, near what is now known as Harrod's Creek.
Seven white men lay in ambush and witnessed the terrible execu-
tion, but were either too cowardly or had no inclination to attempt
a rescue. Apparently the savages were fully revenged by the death
of Harrod, as they made no further attempt to disturb the
settlement.

" Wild Duck's" squaw w^as a daughter of the chief of the tribe,
and during one of his fits of anger he took her hfe, which caused
much grief and indignation among the rest. A number came to
Heath's cabin and requested Mrs. Heath to dress the corpse for
burial as was the cu'stom of the whites. Next day her body was
deposited in a rude grave, a handful of dirt thrown on the same
during war-whoops, the grave being filled with cedar midst frequent
war-whoops.

Immediately after this ceremony the old chief and another war-
rior tied " Wild Duck," who had been secured in the meantime, to
a pony and started up the creek for the " cedar hole," and shortly
returned with the pony, though minus a rider. Heath inquired
of the chief what disposition had been made of the wife-murderer.
The chief shook his fist under Heath's nose and said : " No white
man's business."

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 833

With tiie trllbe was a white woman who had been captured, with
her httle brother, in childhood, the latter was killed because he
was a burden, being too young and delicate to walk. The girl
grew to womanhood, became accustomed to the habits of her cap-
tors, and married the chief's sou. She frequently came to the
Heath cabin to bake bread at the fire place. When questioned as
to her early life, she stated that she knew nothing except that her
name was Sallie, and that she had come a 2:reat distance.

GOOD HOPE.

The only village of importance in Wa3'ne Township is Good Hope,
which is situated on the east bank of Indian Creek, at the crossing
of the Ohio Southern Railroad, and Wabash and Good Hope pike,
south of Washington. It contains a population of about one hun-
dred and fifty, and may truly be called an energetic little business
center.

The town was surveyed on the first day of November, 1849, by
Benjamin Nelson and John L. Burnett, at the instance of Robert
Harper and James Sargent, the proprietors. It included parts of
Thomas Marshall's survey, number 9,257, and Peter Manifold's
survey, number 6,126. The tract was laid out into thirty lots:
Number one beginning at a point on North Street, running thence
north 87° 30^ south, seven poles and two links, to a stake on the
line of said street; thence south 2|° east, with West Street twenty-
poles and two and one-half feet to a stake ; thence with the Green-
field road twenty-four poles to the beginning, containing an area
of seventy poles and two and one-half feet. The remaining lots
w^ere laid out progressively, each containing forty poles, being
divided by two streets, (North and Main,) running east and west,
and two, (High and West) running north and south ; the entire
tract being sub-divided by alleys.

Although Good Hope was not laid out till the year 1849, a por-
tion of the lands embraced within the hmits of the village, had
been occupied a number of years previous.

In about 1830, Isaac Smith purchased of William Rodgers, five
acres including part of lot one, giving as pay a rifle. Smith pre-
sented the land to his son-in-law, William Merchant, who erected

834 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

a blacksmith shop thereon, and catered to the wants of the farm-
iug comnnmity for a period of four or five years, then sold the
property to Jacob Cesslar, who in turn disposed of the same to
Reuben and Samuel Js^ichols. The latter, in about the year 1838,
converted the building into a store room, and sold it to Isaac
Smith, who engaged in the mercantile business for a short time,
then placed it in charge of his son, James W. Smith, who in 1842,
rented the property to his cousin, James Smith. He, with an eye
to business, stocked the concern with liquors, and was very suc-
cessful so far as actual sales were concerned.

Directly opposite lot number one, just outside of the present
village limits, 0]i the site now occupied by a wagon and carriage
factory, Ira Yeoman and Robert McElwaine kept a tan yard.
The former soon disposed of his interest to the latter, who did a
flourishing business, tanning chiefly " 0]i the shares ;" in that day,
people furnished their own leather and had shoes made therefrom.
It is said that some of the leather was recently found in one .of the
vats and proved as good as ever. At the death of McElwaine,
the tannery was taten in charge by John C. Jones, who conducted
the work till 1850, when he was appointed sherift' to fill the
vacancy caused by the death of John L. Yance ; after this, the in-
completed work was finished, and the building allowed to go to
waste.

Some time prior to the laying out of the town, a physician came
to the vicinity with a view to practicing medicine; but as he left
in one month, it is surmised that he was dissatisfied with the sur-
roundings. He was followed by Dr. Coffman, now owning a drug
store in the town of "Washington, who soon enjoyed a lucrative
practice. He remained ten years, then sold his property to Dr.
Goldsberry, who is said to have enjoyed a large and satisfactory
patronage. Dr. Harlow, at present a Washington druggist, also
.practiced in Good Hope, and with success.

The first man who resided within the present limits of what is
now known as Good Hope, was James Sargent, who lived therein,
and erected the house now occupied by Dr. Cul^'.

In 1850, a Mr. Divens removed with his family to Good Hope,
and occupied a part of Sargent's house. By occupation, he was a
carpenter, and proceeded to erect several houses, one, now owned
by A. W. Ross, for himself, on lot number twenty-one. In the
same fall he completed the houses on sites now occupied by Dr.

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 835

Baker, Mr. Painter, John Limes, the parsonage, and several others.
The timber was taken from the surrounding forests, hence the pro-
cess of erecting new houses was necessarily very tedious.

CHURCHES.

GOOD HOPE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUKCH.

The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized and received as
a mission by the Staunton Circuit in 1857. Services were held in
the school house of district number two until 1858-9, when,
through the efforts of J. H. Parrett, a church was erected. At
first there was a membership of only seven, and Rev. J. W. Steel
had charge of the small flock. In 1858 William II. McClintock
was called to the pastorate, as "minister in charge," his colleague
being H. H. Miller. The new church was dedicated by J. M.
Trimble, September 9, 1859. In 1860 the membership had increas-
ed to thirty-five. In 1861 Rev. Mr. Westerman had charge of the
church as its pastor, and served in that capacity till 1863, when he
w'as succeeded by T. J. Ross. In 1866 Rev. Mr. Alexander had
charge of the Staunton Circuit, and served till 1873, when Rev.
Mr. Fegan was called to the pastorate, and was succeeded in 1876
by J. W. Wakefield, who continued till 1878, when he was folloAv-
ed by L. C. Brooks, the present incumbent.

Ait the Ohio Annual Co'nferencc, held at Columbus, September
30, 1878, Rev. L. C. Brooks was appointed pastor of this circuit.
His labors were attended with good results. Each year witnessed
extensive revivals, and at the end of eighteen months the acces-
sions to the church had averaged one each week. The member-
ship at present is about two hundred. Immediately after his ar-
rival he commenced agitating the construction of a new building,
but found that the people gave him but little support, because of
the financial crisis through which they were passing. In the
spring of 1880 the matter was again discussed, in due time a meet-
ing was called, and the congregation decided to begin the erection
of the proposed structure. A plan was secured, and in the fall of
the. same year the ground-work was commenced. In the summer
of 1881 the house was finished, and dedicated with imposing cere-
monies.

836 HISTORY or FAtETTE COtlNTV.

The building is in the shape of a Roman cross, and consists of
the audience room, class room on both sides, and school room for
infants ; all rooms being connected with the audience room by
folding doors. The vestibule is in the tower, on the corner of the
church. Dimensions : Across the wings, sixty feet ; from front to
rear, seventy feet, containing in all two thousand eight hundred
and fifty square feet of flooring. The tower is sixty-seven feet
high, of which thirty-eight feet are of brick.

We append a list of the church officials : Building committee,
George Ireland, Sanford Sayre, F. M. Gibson, James M. Davis,
Samuel Goen, and William Davis; class leaders, Rev. A. Baker,
George Ireland, Samuel W. Goen, Calvin Boyd, Emmet D. King,
James R.Kuhl; stewards, J. S. Divens, and F. M. Gibson ; trus-
tees, George Ireland, William Davis, James M. Davis, Sanford
Sayre, Calvin Boj^d, F. M. Gibson, James Harper, Henry Slagle,
George W. Tutwiler.

Good Hope Circuit was organized from Staunton Circuit, Sep-
tember 24, 1873, and embraces the societies at Good Hope, Sugar
Grove, Cochran, and Martinsburg. Prior to the division, the mem-
bership, as reported by Rev. Ewens, was two hundred and twenty ;
stewards, Joseph S. Divens, James Smith, Rev. William King, J.
M. Johnson, and Jacob Kneadler ; recording steward, Rev. Wil-
liam A. King; district steward, Calvin Boyd; class leaders, A.
Baker, Calvin Boyd, Henry Lease, Charles Painter, Reese Binegar,
and Jacob Kneadler; exhorters, George Ireland, Charles Painter,
and Jacob Kneadler; Sabbath-school superintendents: Good Hope,
Francis M. Gibson ; Cochran, Charles Painter ; Sugar Creek,
William Orr; Martinsburg, Elmer Welsheimer.

During the year 1874, forty-four accessions were made to the
circuit. Repairs were made on all parts of the building, at a cost
of ^1,000. A debt of $400 on the parsonage was cancelled, and at
the close of the year the membership was two hundred and eighty-
two. In the year 1875, forty-one were received on probation; the
total being ninety, and the full membership, three hundred and
nineteen. At the close of the following year the circuit was re-
ported in a flourishing condition, the additions numbering sixty-
four, and the total number of members being three hundred and
forty, which decreased to three hundred and twenty-four in 1877.
An interesting revival was held in 1878, which increased the mem-
bership to three hundred and seventy-two. In 1879-80, the total

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 837

number of members whs three hundred and ninety-one. During
these years, |500 were devoted to repairing the church property,
and the movement to erect a church at Good Hope inaugurated.

FAIRVIEAV GERMAN BAPTIST CHURCH.

Peter Eyman, now deceased, was the first Dunkard who moved
within the limits of this township, and in all probability he began
to agitate the question of organizing a church in his neighborhood.
The society was founded by John Cadwallader, and meetings held
at the house of Eyman.

At or prior to the year 1844, ground for a school house, in the
Hukill neighborhood, was donated by James Bryant, a member of
the church, with the express understanding that the German Bap-
tists were to have the use of the building, to be erected, at least
once a month for church purposes ; and in 1844, Rev. Cadwallader
began preaching in the new school house.

In 1853 or 1854, a building was erected at the junction of the
IS'ew Holland road, and the Chillicothe and Washington pike. It
was a frame structure, 40x60. Meetings were held twice each
month.

PAINT CREEK BAPTIST CHURCH.

The Scioto Predestinarian Baptist Asssociation, was organized
in 1805, Pleasant Run being the first church.

En 1818, Paint Creek Church w^as organized, and in 1840 the
association, the membership of which had reached five hundred
and forty-five and embraced eighteen churches, met with this
church. During the war there was an unfortunate split of the
members, which has never been healed.

GOOD HOPE BAPTIST CHURCH.

We are indebted to Rev. S. C. Tussing for the following histo-
rical sketch :

The record of the proceedings of this church from its organiza-
tion to the year 1854 — a period of twenty-two years— was destroyed
by fire. The writer is indebted to sister Rebecca Cory (the only

888 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

one of the original members now living) for the facts herein pre-
sented respecting the early history of this church.

The gospel was iirst preached by Baptists in the vicinity of what
is now known as the village of Good Hope at an early day, and, per-
haps, where " the groves were God's Iirst temples." Among the
first that came preaching the Word, Avas Elder Snelson,wiio visited
a feAv scattered Baptists monthly, and worshiped with them at va-
rious places.

After Elder Snelson closed his labors, occasional visits were
made by Elders J^athan Cory, and Peter Sperry, under whose labors
" God was pleased to save them that believed."

About the year 1828 a meeting house was built on a site two
miles northwest of the place wliere Good Hope now stands. Here
the church worshiped for several years previous to the division
among Baptists. When said church was organized is not known.
Elder Burnet was their first regular pastor. He visited them
monthly. During his pastorate perfect harmony prevailed among
the members ; prosperity attended all their labors of love, and many
hiJppy converts were added to their number. Joyfully did the lit-
tle band of Christians attend upon the means .of grace, while Ekler
Burnet alone had the pastoral care of the church; but ere long a
portentous cloud arose. Elder Burnet not being able to devote
more than one-fourth of his time to this work, the church deemed
it best to call an assistant pastor, which they did in the person of
Elder John R. Moore, Each of these brethren visited the church
once a month for a year or two, when contention was bred among
them, and they entered upon a period of their history to which we
refer with great reluctance. The cause of all this trouble was as
follows :

Elder Burnet preached during his pastorate according to the
spirit of the commission given by his Lord and Law-Giver : " Go
ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature;" while
Elder Moore taught that it is the duty of the church to cultivate
the " home field" only, and of the minister to " feed the flock." In
short, the former advocated the missionary cause, and the latter the
anti-mission ; whereupon schism entered the church. Soon they
resolved to have but one pastor ; an election was held, at which
a majority supported Elder Moore.

Elder Burnet and the minority of the church (who were nine in
number), having refused to indorse the sentiments of Elder Moore,

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 839

and to co-operate with hi in, were forthwith exchided from the fel-
lowship of the above named majority.

The divisipn took place in the year A. D. 1832. Those of the
anti-mission party held the property and records of the church ;
yet Elder Buruet continued his montlily visits, the aforesaid nine
members co-operating with him.

The following year (1833) these nine meml)er8 organized them-
selves into a body, which assumed the name of " Good Hope Bap-
tist Church." Their names were as folloVvs : John Harper, Deli-
lah Harper, Susannah Brakelield, James Cory, Rebecca Cory,
Greenup Campbell, Jane Campbell, Ehzabeth Bainter, and Parenee
Brannon. The Lord was pleased to bless the united,^ labors of
this little church and its pastor. Elder Burnet, and converts were
added to their number.

Soon after its organization the Good Hope Baptist Church be-
came a member of the Strait Creek Association, but in the year
1856 they procured a letter,. and united with the Ca?sar's Creek
(now Clinton) Association.

The church was s.oon denied the use of the house held by the
anti-mission Baptists; and so, having gained strength by many ac-
cessions to their number, they resolved to erect a house of their
own, in which they might worship God unmolested. It was built
about one mile and a half southwest of its present site, where it
stood for several years, after the lapse of which, and during the pas-
toral labors of Elder James Sargeant, it was removed to its present
location, about which the village of Good Hope has since been built.

The writer of this sketch liuds an accurate record of the pro-
ceedings of the church for a period of nineteen years only, from
December, 1855, to the present time. During this time nothing
was recorded of great interest, more than that which evinces an
earnest effort on the part of the church and pastor to sustain the
oi'dinances of the Lord's house, and to hold forth and " contend
for the faith which was once delivered to the saints."

"We also find among the church records the following as an act
of the church in September, 1856: "-On motion, each member
was appointed to visit one another and urge a more.punctual at-
tendance at our conference meetings." No doubt it would be ad-
visable to have such a committee ever at work in many of our
churches.

This church has never been strong numerically, because of its be-

840 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

iiig SO often weakened by removals. It has had an existence for
forty-one years, and has enjoyed the stated ministry of the Word
from the following pastors in the order of their names :. Elders Bur-
net, Fr}', Freeman, Sutton, Wright, Woodruff, Bronson, Goodwin,
Clark, Sargent, Brown, Hendrick, Emerson, Tussing, Buel, Briggs,
Barber, Hamlin, and Tussing. Rev. Tussing is serving them in
his second pastorate.

The statistics of this body since December, 1856, are as follows:

Baptized, 42; restored, 2 ;_ received by experience, 4; received
by letter, 29 ; dismissed by letter, 65 ; excluded, 17; died, 10 ; pres-
ent membership, 50.

The above extends to April, 1875, when Elder S. H. Smith took
charge of the church and served one year.

In April, 1876, Elder H. H. Witter took charge of the church as
pastor, and is still serving in that capacity.

In March the congregation began the erection of a new house
of worship which will soon be completed. It will be a brick struct-
ure, 36x48 feet, with a seating capacity of about two hundred and
fifty, ^nd its lofty tower, eighty-five feet high, and gothic windows,
will lend it an elegant appearance when finished. The church at
present has a membership of seventy-five.

ROCK MILLS.

This little settlement is beautifully situated on the bank of Paint
Creek, in a portion of Richard Bibb's survey, jSTo. 2925, and con-
sists of a steam and water flouring and saw-mill, a blacksmith shop,
general country store, and a number of dwelling houses, occupied
by the various farmers of the neighborhood.

The land is very rolling, and abounds in limestone, which is be-
ing quarried quite extensively on the opposite side of the creek,
in Perry Township. The settlement is also known as Rockville,
both names being derived from the rocky aspect of the locality.

In about tlje year 1815, Stephen Yeoman and his sons, natives of
New York, purchased the fourteen hundred acre tract, now wholly
included in the limits of Wayne, and known as the Bibb's Survey.
One of the sons, named James, in the fall of the same year, re-
moved with his family, consisting of six children, to the newly pur-

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 841

chased land, arriving during the month of October, unloaded their
goods, and effected a temporary settlement in the woods, about
three-fourths of a mile above the present site of the mill.

The family was soon joined by Stephen Yeoman and three of
his sons, who settled on the same tract.

In the following spring, Walter Yeoman immigrated to this
state with his family, and located on Paint, just south of the mill.

To supply a want long felt, the Yeomans — Walter and James —
concluded to construct a dam and build a mill. They began work
in the fall of 1817, and soon had the gratification of seeing the
waters held in check by a well built obstruction of logs and dirt.
As the width of the channel at that time did not exceed twenty
feet, the task was comparatively an easy one.

Work on the mill had been begun simultaneously with the dam,
and the structure, a rude log affair, was completed satisfactorily.
It was fitted up with machinery for sawing and grinding, and was
a success from the first. Indeed, so great was the number of cus-
tomers, that though the grinding capacity was one hundred bushels
per day, many were obliged to wait a week, until their turn came.
It was operated by James Yeoman, till his death, which occurred
in 1825, since which time a number have had charge. The old log
structure was torn down by William McConnell, who erected the
present building, which is now owned by Lewis Mills. The patron-
age given to the original owner has never been enjoyed by his suc-
cessors, presumably because of the increasing competition in the
various parts of the county.

The store room and building were erected by Ira, son of James
Yeoman, in 1848, who stocked the same with goods, which he
oftered for sale during a period of four years, then disposed of the
building and contents to Milton Yeoman ; he sold the premises to
S. N. Yeoman, who disposed of the goods at auction. The store is
owned by T. H. Deweese, at this writing.

In about 1850, William F. Shed opened a blacksmith shop, which
has been open to the public ever since.

On the southeastern division of the Toledo, Delphos and Burling-
ton Kailroad, on part of the farm of W. R. Hukill, Esq., is a sta-
tion known as " Convenience." An office has been erected, where
the 'Squire officiates as postmaster, agent, and justice of the peace.
He has been importuned to lay out a village, for commercial pur-
poses, but prefers to let it remain in its present condition.

57

842 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Further south, on the same road, are Cisco Station, on the lands
of J. A. McLean, and Fairview, on the farm of Milton Heagler.
A large quantity of grain is shipped from these points each year.

There are two flag stations on the Ohio Southern Railroad — Bo-
gus Road and Ghormley's. Trains stop at these points to let off,
and, on signal, to take on passengers. The former is located on
the farm of Rev. John Boyd, and derives its name from the road
which crosses the track at this point; the latter is on the farm of
William Ghormley.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

JOHN Q. ADAMS.

John Q. Adams, farmer, was born in Perry Township, December
9, 1839, and is a son of Albert and Nancy (Coffey) Adams, natives
of Pennsylvania. The father came with his parents in about 1810,
and located in Perry Township. The mother, a daughter of John
and Ruth Coffey, who came to this state in 1797, and lived near
Chillicothe, then in 1800, removed to Greenfield, Highland County,
and were among the first who settled in that village. Mr. Coffey
was the first tavern keeper, and the first justice of the peace in
Greenfield, and a little child of his was the first white person bur-
ied in the place.

The family of Albert Adams consisted of ten children : Ruth,
Robert, Isabella, John Q., Samuel, Albert, three infants, and Nancy
v.; those deceased, are three infants, Albert, and Samuel.

The subject of this sketch spent his youth on the farm, received
the rudiments of a common school education, and was married
April 6, 1865, to Louisa J., daughter of Isaac and Mary Ann (Holli-
day ) Anderson, who were the parents of three children : Louisa
J., Sarah E,, and Robert C. Mr. and Mrs. Adams were blessed
with the following named children : Minnie R., Harley I., Albert
E., Mary B. and Isaac M. ; Minnie R., Harley I. and Mary B. have
passed to the other shore.

Mr. Adams has about fifty-six acres of land, in a superior state
of cultivation, situated on the Greenfield and Good Hope pike,
four miles south of the latter place, and also a good farm in Mis-

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 843

souri. He and his wife are exemplary Christians, and members of
the First Presbyterian Church, of Greenfield ; Mrs. Adams having
been a member sixteen years, and associated with the Methodist
Episcopal Church prior to her marriage. He has never aspired to
any office, and is a Republican in politics.

Mr. Adams participated in the " late unpleasantness," being a
private in Company C, 81st O. V. I. He was enlisted for three
years; his regiment did noble service at the battles of Shiloh,
Corinth, Atlanta, and his time expired on the morning of the evac-
uation of Atlanta. He entered as private and was promoted to
color sergeant. The 81st was made up principally of Highland
County men, and was known as one of the most gallant regiments
in the field.

DR. ABRAHAM BAKER.

Dr. Abraham Baker, physician, is a son of Abraham and Mary
(Bowan) Baker, both natives of Pennsylvania, but removed to
Kentucky at an early day. By this marriage there were twelve
children : Elizabeth, John, Joel, Abraham, Mary, Delia, Bowman
C, Nancy, Hester, Aaron, Moses, Matilda ; the deceased being
Elizabeth, John, Joel, Delia, Aaron, Moses, and Matilda.

Our subject was born in Kentucky, where he spent his youth.
He attended Augusta, Kentucky, College, and graduated at the
Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati ; soon after he began practicing
medicine at Dover, Kentucky ; he next practiced at Hillsborough,
remaining nine years, then removed to Winchester, Indiana, where
he spent ten years, thence removed to Frankfort, Ohio. He de-
voted six years to the practice of medicine in that place, and, in
1868, removed to Good Hope, where he still resides.

Our subject w^as married to Marion, daughter of Judge Walker,
of Athens County, this state ; one child being the fruit of this
union : Joseph M. She dying, he subsequently married Jane A.,
oldest daughter of Judge Carrothers, of this county ; there being
four children by this marriage : James, Henry, Mary, Horatio Keel-
son ; the first three are deceased. His second wife died, and he
again married Lucy A., daughter of General Waddle, of Hillsbor-
rough. There were two children, Hester Emma, and John, both
living.

Our subject in his younger days w^as a traveling preacher in the

844 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Methodist Episcopal Church. He and his wife are members of
the same church, he holds the position of elder.

JOSEPH M. BRIGGS.

Joseph M. Briggs, farmer, is a son of Charles Briggs, of Ross
County, and was born December 29, 1842. He was reared in Ross
County, and married December 30, 1869, to Sarah J., daughter of
Abram McCoy, living near Washington. The union was blessed
by three children : Luther, Lora May, and Maggie Catherine ; all
living.

January 31, 1871, he removed to his present farm, located five
miles from Washington, on the Chillicothe pike, and contains one
hundred and fifty-seven acres, well improved and adorned by a
handsome residence, which was principally erected by himself.
He donated to the Camp Grove school district, on-e and one-fourth
acres of land, on which has been erected one of the finest school
houses in the .county.

August 15, 1863, he went out with the 4th Ohio (Independent)
Cavalry ; was out nine months, doing active service. He was the
fourth sergeant, and refused to be commissioned captain because
of continued ill-health. The regiment received ammunition, etc.,
at Camp Dennison, then proceeded to East Tennessee, making
their headquarters at Cumberland Gap, from whence they scouted
in various places. At Jonesborough, they met the enemy in a
bend, both galloping at full speed and neither aware that the
other was approaching ; our forces were overwhelmingly victor-
ious.

Mrs. Briggs is an exemplary member of the Camp Grove
Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of Temple Lodge
^o. 227, I. O. 0. F., at Washington. He has been a Democrat
since childhood, and been school director for six years, and has
taken a deep interest in educational matters, employing good
teachers at a liberal salary. He farms to grain and stock.

JOHN H. BRYANT.

John H. Bryant, farmer, was born in Ross County, Ohio, De-
cember 24, 1824, and in the following year removed with his
parents to this county. His father was Benj^niin Bryant, who

Wayne township. 845

married Susanna Harper; by her he had eleven children, nine of
whom are living. The family settled on Compton Creek, on the
land now owned by Robert Gilmore. Being poor, the elder Bry-
ant was unable to purchase but little land, to which he added,
however, from time to time. Six years later they removed to the
North Fork of Paint, on the present Speakman farm ; then re-
moved to Washington, where he (Benjamin) died. He was born
in 1794, and died in 1869; his wife, born 1802, died in 1866.

Our subject was married in 1847, to Mary Carder, of Ross
County, who bore him seven children : Susanna, Cornelius, Charles
E., Anna, and George W. The deceased are Franklin Pierce, and
Eliza Jane. Mrs. Bryant was a devout member of the Christian
Church, and departed this life July 9, 1879. October 18, 1880,
Mr. Bryant was married to Susan, daughter of Mathew Gilmore,
of Ross County. Of his children, Charles married Emma Louder-
man; Cornelius married Mary Mallow, of Ross County; Susanna
married Elwood Porter, of Pickaway County.

Mr. Bryant is a member of the Christian Church, at New Hol-
land ; a Democrat politically ; contributed toward carrying on the
late war; owns one hundred and five acres of land, on the New
Holland road, which is nicely improved ; farms chiefly to grain,
and raises hogs successfully.

• GEORGE WASHINGTON DAVIS.

George Washington Davis, farmer, is a son of Daniel Davis, who
was born and reared in Loudon, Virginia; and married Malinda
Gee, of Maryland, which resulted in seven children : Thomas,
David, George W., Mary, Robert, Joseph, and Stephen H. Our
subject alone survives ; Robert died at Good Hope, April 2, 1881.

In the fall of 1818, he located on the farm now owned by Wil-
liam Brannon, but one year later moved to the pj-eseut farm of
our subject. With the exception of a small clearing, all was
woods ; the house they occupied being a rude cabin. The land,
one hundred and thirt}' acres, was purchased by William Mc-
Laughlin, a portion of the purchase money being paid to General
Massie, who held a mortgage for the same, which was a part of
the Baron Steuben survey. He was a shoe-maker and cooper, en-
joying a large patronage. His usual charge for making a pair of
shoes was twenty-five cents. Being lame, he did not participate

846 HISTORY OV PAYETTE COUNTY.

in the war of 1812, but had several brothers in the service. His
wife was a member of the Catholic Church. He was no church
member, but an honest and good citizen, and died May, 1840 ; she,
September, 1864.

Our subject was born June 22, 1807, in Loudon County, Virginia,
and came to this township with his parents. He has lived on this
farm, save four years, from 1839 to 1845, when he lived on the
Hillsborough road. Most of the clearing on his land was done
by him.

He was married December 1, 1831, to Susan, daughter of Wil-
liam Pace, of the same neighborhood. She bore him eight chil-
dren : Infant Emily, Armanus, Ann J., James, Scott H., Henry
Clay, Milton, Mildred ; Infant and Mildred are deceased.

All of the sons were in the late war : Armanus and Scott in
the one hundred days service, at Cynthiana; James in the 114th
O. Y. I., at Vicksburg, Black River Bridge, etc. ; Scott volunteered
again at the end of his one hundred days enlistment; Milton was
in the 2d Ohio Heavy Artillery; Henry in the 74th O. V. I., one
of the most gallqtit regiments in the service. Henry was slightly
disabled, and James went through heavy trials, but came out un-
harmed. All honor to this famil}^, and their heroic devotion to
the country.

Mr Davis is a Republican, having cast his first vote for John Q.
Adams. He has been constal)le, and a member <rf the Township
Board of Education for many years, assisting in erecting several of
the present fine school houses.

Mr. Davis owns one hundred and thirty-five acres of land, on
the Good Hope pike, well improved, which is farmed by his sons,
Scott and Milton, to grain and stock.

JAMES M. DAVIS.

James M. Davis, son ot G. W. Davis, born March 11, 1840, in
Union Township, reared in this, and married February 3, 1866, to
Margaret E., daughter of David and Dicy Dowell, of Highland
County, who bore him six children : Lincoln, Grant, George, Jane,
Nellie Bly, and Alice May; the latter deceased. He and family are
exemplary members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. During
the war he started as a private in Company " C," 114th O. V.L, and
was promoted to lieutenant; was out two years and four months;

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 847

eugaged in all the battles around Vicksburg, and many of the
heaviest actions during the war. In the spring of 1864, his regi-
ment participated in the " Red Eiver Campaign." He was honor-
ably discharged, December 27, 1864. He has always been a staunch
Republican. He came to his present location in 1870 ; owns eleven
and a half acres of land, on which he has been making tile ever
since its purchase. He runs his factory by steam, and has intro-
duced all the late improvements for the manufacture of this indis-
pensible article. He makes about seven thousand rods a year, and
never has any quantity on hand, a sufficient guarantee of good
workmanship.

JESSE M. DEWITT.

Jesse M. Dewitt, son of John Dewitt, sr., the pioneer of this
township, whose sketch will be found elsewhere, was born March
4, 1826, on the farm he now occupies, which is the homestead,
where he was reared, and obtained the rudiments of a common
school education, attending an old antiquated log school house three
months during the winter season of each year. He lived on the
farm all his life, and was never away from home more than forty
days at one time. He was married, February, 1862, to Mary J.,
daughter of Elisha and Rebecca Taylor, at that time residents of
this county ; the father was a native of Fairfield County, near
Lancaster. This union resulted in eight children : Charlie, Minnie,
Carrie, Harry, Birdie, Dailie, Lottie, and Clay, all living. Mr. De-
witt spent about one thousand seven hundred dollars to help pros-
ecute the late war, though not an active participant. He owns part
of the old homestead, which contains one hundred and forty-four
and three-quarter acres of land, and is well improved. He still oc-
cupies the old brick, erected by his father in 1822 ; his land is lo-
lated on the Chillicothe pike. He is a respected citizen, and good
neighbor ; votes the Democratic ticket, but is no politician.

JACOB L. mVENS.

Jacob L. Divens was born in this township, August 16,1835, and
is a son of Samuel and Mary (Depoy) Divens ; he is a native of
Pennsylvania, and she of Virginia; they were married in this state,
and removed to this county. They had ten children, of which our

848 History of Fayette cotrisriY.

subject is the seventh. He obtained an ordinary education, then
went to farming, his present business. He was married, September
21, 1867, to Olive Ann, daughter of Dr. Culy, of Good Hope, who
bore him four chiklren: Orie A., Josephine M., and two who died
in infancy. He assisted in driving back the famous Morgan, who
came so near spreading desolation and woe in this state.

In 1870, he purchased eighty-one acres of land on the Holland
road, two and one-half miles from Good Hope, and has since added
twenty-six acres, all of which is in a good state of cultivation. He
also has in operation an extensive tile factory, and turns out about
fifteen miles of drainage tile in a year ; is a Republican in politics.

MRS. JACOB EYMAN.

The family of Peter Eyman came to this state in 1810, and he
followed one year later. They were natives of Hardee County,
Virginia. The family consisted of five boys and seven girls. They •
came West by wagons and pack horses. One of the sons, Abram,
brought with him sprouts, with which was planted the first orchard
in this locality, and some of the trees still bear fruit. They settled
on Whetstone Run, where they remained one year, then purchased
the Erskine survey, No. 12037, of the notorious Harper, and in the
absence of a clear title, had to purchase the land a second time,

Peter Eyman married Hannah Whetstone, of Virginia. Both
were members of the German Baptist denomination. She died in
1842; he in 1844.

Jacob Eyman was born in Hardee County, Virginia, in 1798, and
came to this township with the family, where he resided till his
death. During his lifetime he increased the laud to seven hundred
and forty acres, and owned two additional farms, whose combined
acreage was six hundred and two acres.

In 1833, he married Phoebe, daughter of Moses Hopkins, of Ross
County. She bore him four children : Melinda, Jesse, Peter, and
Allen. Peter died in infancy ; Melinda is the wife of Ananias W are ;
Jesse and Allen live on the home farm.

Mr. Eyman was a member of the German Baptist Church, to
which his relict still belongs. His father, Peter, was a minister in
this church. He never aspired to political oflices, but devoted him-
self to farming. He departed this life August 30, 1879, aged eighty-
one years, after a life of usefulness, leaving an interesting family to
mourn their loss.

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 849

His widow still lives on the homestead, which contains, since the
division, five hundred and twenty acres, well improved, and adorned
by a beautiful dwelling, making it a desirable rural home. The
children attend the Fairview German Baptist Church. One of the
sons, Jesse, went out during the Morgan raid.

STEPHEN GARINGER.

Stephen Garinger, farmer, is the eighth of nine children, all of
whom are living, married, and have f^imilies, always enjoyed good
health, and were seldom, if ever, visited by physicians. He is the
son of David Garinger, and was born April 17, 1844, on the home
stead,- where he was reared and educated. He farmed with his
father till the spring of 1865, when he was married to Rebecca A.
Borton, daughter of John Borton, a native of New Jersey, who re-
moved to Clinton County, Ohio, and at present resides in Washing-
ton C. H. The union resulted in six children : Lizzie J., Kittie,
Frank E., Artrella, Cary W., and Harley Dean.

Mr. Garinger is a Democrat, politically. He began farming on
the place he now occupies, in 1859, with his father. The farm on
which he located in 1865, consists of two hundred and sixty-seven,
acres, mostly improved. The buildings are located on a little knoll,
making a beautiful country home. He raises about one hundred
acres of wheat, and a like quantity of corn, which he ships to Balti-
more, Waverly, and New York, per the Ohio Southern road. He
has threshed wheat and clover by steam for twelve years, to the
satisfaction of all who employ him. He purchased the first McCor-
mick self-binder in the state, having seen it at the Chicago exposi-
tion, in 1875. He also purchases young stock, and fattens the same
for the trade.

IRA J. GARINGER.

Ira J. Garinger, farmer, is a son of David Garinger, who was
born in this state, and whose parents were natives of Germany.
He was married to Cyrene, daughter of James Yeoman, the result
being nine children : Sarah, Angeline, Amanda, Albert, Samantha,
Oce, Benton, Stephen, and our subject, who was born in this town-
ship, January 1, 1848, was reared on the farm, and obtained a com-
mon school education.

850 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

He was married, December 18, 1863, to Lucy, daughter of John
Smith, of Highland Comity, who bore him four children: Lutilla,
Bertie, Ready Florence, and Levi — all living at home, and attend-
ing school.

Mrs. Garinger is a member of the Pisgah Presbyterian Church,
and an exemplary Christian. Mr. Garinger was raised on the farm
he now occupies, which is located on the old Indian trace road, two
and one-half miles west of Good Hope. He at present owns four
hundred and six acres, in an excellent state of cultivation, and
farms to both grain and stock successfully.

WILLIAM L. GHORMLEY.

William L. Ghormley, farmer, is a son of Thomas and Judith
(Bonner) Ghormley, natives of Pennsylvania, where they were
reared, married, and had born to them ten children, five sons and
five daughters, our subject being the youngest, and only surviving
one.

William was born December 16, 1808, and came with his parents
to this state in 1813, locating in Chillicothe, Ross County, with the
father's brother, Hugh, the father of Hal Thomas Ghormley, of
Chillicothe, and remained until the following fall, when the father
came to Fayette, and located on the farm of five hundred acres,
bought for two dollars and fifty cents per acre, of which our sub-
ject owns one hundred and eleven acres, now nicely improved, situ-
ated about three miles south of Good Hope, on which he lives.
The parents died on this farm; the father. May 17, 1840, aged sev-
enty-three years and five months, and the mother, June 3, 1839,
aged sixty-eight years and seven mouths.

Our subject was married, February 9, 1837, to Miss Hannah Ba-
tey, who bore him five children : Thomas 'N., John, Eliza, Hugh,
and Mary J. Thomas died, Novembel" 9, 1864, of a disease con-
tracted while in the war. He was a member of Company I, 81st
O. V. I., and was a noble, worthy soldier, a dutiful son, and a good
citizen. John and Eliza also are deceased. Hugh is married, and
MaryTT. is at home with her parents. This family, and our sub-
ject's father's family, were exemplary members of the Presbyterian
Church.

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 851

HUGH GHORMLEY.

Hugh Ghoi-mle3% farmer and stock dealer, is a son of William L.
Ghormley, whose biography appears elsewhere, and was born
at the old homestead, spending his youth on the farm, and obtain-
ing a good education in the district school, and at Salem Academy,
then engaged in farming, to which he has ever since been devoted,
though he also deals in fine stock quite ext^isively.

In September, 1875, he was married to Maggie J., daughter of
Philip and Mary (Bennett) McWiUiams, the union being blessed
with one boy, George O. Mr. Ghormley lives on a farm contain-
-ing sixty-six acres, and owns another of forty-four and three-quar-
ter acres, both of which are on the pike between Good Hope and
Greenfield, and are well improved.

Mr. and Mrs. Ghormley are, and have been for some time, mem-
bers of the First Presbyterian Church of Greenfield, and are es-
teemed and honored as good neighbors and consistent Christians.
Being very young, he did not participate in the late rebellion, but
lost a brother in the glorious cause. He is a Republican in politics ;
has been a member of the board of education for three years, and
according to the verdict of his neighbors, has given good satisfac-
tion in that capacity.

HENTON HOPPES.

Henton Hoppes was born in this township, four miles from Wash-
ington, April 22, 1819, and is the son of John Hoppes, a North
Carolinian, who came to the state at an early day, and settled in
Jackson County, then removed to the birth-place of our subject,
where the remainder of his life was spent. Soon after his arrival
in this township, he returned to North Carolina, where he took
unto himself a wife, in the person of Nancy Brown. Together the
young couple rode to Jackson County on pack horses, thence to
this township, where they settled on fifty acres of land, purchased
with money earned by the bride by weaving. The union resulted
in twelve children, who all lived to maturity, save two: Polly,
Jacob, Betsey, Jane, John, Nancy, Henton, Austin, Solomon, Mar-
garet, Nancy P., and Henry ; the deceased being : Austin, Solo-
mon, Jacob, Polly, Nancy, and Sarah. Mrs. Hoppes was a mem-

852 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

ber of the Paint Baptist Church, was immersed in the winter, when
the ice was frozen thick, and died in the faith ; her husband was
not a member of any church, but was known as an exemplary
Christian man.

Our subject was married, August 11, 1848, to Sarah, daughter of
David and Serena (Yeoman) Garringer, who bore him eight chil-
dren, those living being: Samuel B., John W., Henry D., Albert
J., and Joseph H. He and family are members of the Paint Bap-
tist Church; he holds the office of deacon and trustee. He as-
sisted in the erection of Carr's Mills Baptist Church, in 1880, and
has been greatly interested in the Lord's work. The Paint Bap-
tist Church is located on land adjoining his farm, and, in 1880, the
Scioto Predestinarian Baptist Association held their annual meet-
ing in his beautiful grove.

He purchased the farm on which he now resides, and which is
situated near the village of Rock Mills, of Jackson Yoeman, Janu-
ary 23, 1865 ; it contained two hundred and eight acres, to which
two have been added. He also owns a farm of eighty-six acres in
Union Township, one of one hundred and thirty-four acres on
Paint Creek, in the same township, and a farm of one hundred and
fourteen acres in Jefferson Towmship ; the total valuation of his
real estate being estimated at from forty -five thousand to fifty-five
thousand dollars, which has been accumulated by hard labor and
close economy, and is now in charge of himself and sons.

He and family affiliate with the Democratic party ; are good cit-
izens, and true Christians. His son John, is an ordained minister,
a good speaker, and hard worker in the Master's cause.

ELIJAH HOPKINS.

Our subject was born, October 25, 1837, on the farm he now oc-
cupies, in an humble log cabin, which was vacated when he was
eighteen months old. He was reared and educated on the farm.
In 1869 he went to Greenfield, Highland County, and ran a flouring
mill ; remained two years, then came back to the farm on which he
has since resided. In March 1, 1850, he married Lucinda, daugh-
ter of John Gibson, who bore him six children : James Herbert,
Lillie Florence, Harry Vernon, Emma Ethel, Hannah Leah, and
Louis Frank, the latter departed this life at the age of twelve years.

He and wife are members of the German Baptist Church, at
Fairview, and are exemplary Christians.

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 853

Politically, he is a Republican ; has held the office of township
trustee, and is at present a member of the township board of edu-
cation: is Sabbath-school superintendent, and church deacon. He
occupies a part of the Milton Heagler farm, and farms principally
to grain.

ALMER HEAGLER.

Aimer Heagler, son of Milton Heagler, who was born in Ross
County, four or five miles southeast of his present residence, March
21, 1816, and was the son of Abrani Heagler, a native of Virginia.
He remained in Ross County until 1850, when he removed to this
township, taking possession of the brick house, now occupied by
William Wells, on the Chillicothe pike, and engaged in farming.
He was married in about 1850, to Abigail, daughter of Henry De-
witt, of this township, who bore him four children, two of which
died in infancy ; those living are: Lawson, and Aimer. She was
a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and died in that
faith, February 14,' 1856.

Mr. Heagler was married again, December 24, 1862, to Sarah J.,
daughter of Thomas McCoy, who bore him four children : Dora,
Orris, David S., and Ivy B., all living. She is a member of the
Fairview Methodist Episcopal Church.

Our subject was born, November 17, 1854, on the farm now oc-
cupied by Elijah Hopkins ; here he was reared and educated ; also
attended school at Washington, and has since been on the farm.
Politically, he is a Republican. He has under his control, and
management, the Milton Heagler land, which contains one thou-
sand two hundred acres, on the Chillicothe pike, and is in a tine
state of cultivation. The home residence is a handsome two-story
brick, situated on a beautiful lawn, and making one of the most
desirable dwellings in the neighborhood. The land is farmed by
tenants, and used in grazing cattle for others. Messrs. Aimer Heag-
ler and Elijah Hopkins are the sole owners of the " Eclipse Hog
Ring," and the "Eclipse Hog Holder," which they manufacture at
Washington. This ring and holder is indorsed and used by the
most substantial stock raisers in the country, and has proved a
success.

854 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

WLLLIAM E. HUKILL.

William R. Hukill, farmer, postmaster, and station agent, is a
son of Noah Ilukill, who was born in Ohio County, West Virginia,
IS'ovember 24, 1805, and is a son of Rachel and Latitia (Parr)
Hukill. Richard Hukill, was a native of Maryland, started for
the west when a hoy, and stopped on the Ohio River in West Vir-
ginia. They came to this county in 1814, and settled in this town-
ship on a farm, now owned by John Mallow, purchasing a tract
containing six or seven hundred acres, of Peter Harper; but dis-
covering afterwards that their title was not good, left the land and
came to the farm, now owned by A. Ware, where the}^ remained till
1831, then removed to the farm now in possession of our subject.
He died August 3, 1834 ; his wife in the same year. Both were
members of the German Baptist Church, and died in that faith.
Noah Hukill was married March 17, 1831, to Susan, daughter of
Edward Smith, formerly of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and who emi-
grated from there in about the same year that witnessed the de-
parture of the Hukills. The marriage was blessed by five children,
those living being : Margaret, now Mrs. Dickson, living in Missouri,
and our subject. She (Mrs. Noah H.,) was a member of the Ger-
man Baptist Church, a good woman, and died March 28, 1877.
He is still living, and is the oldest living male settler in the locality,
being seventy-six years of age.

Our subject was born August 2, 1834, on his present farm where
he has resided all his life, devoting himself to farming. In his
youth, he attended a district school and obtained an ordinary edu-
cation. He was married January 7, 1858, to Mary, daughter of
Joseph Kelso, now living in Ross County. She bore him three
children : Julia A., Elmer Buell, and Flora A., all living. Julia
is the wife of N. J. Dahl, residing near Washington. He has been
a cripple since childhood, hence could not participate actively dur-
ing the late war, but assisted at home whenever he could. In the
fall of 1860, he was elected justice of the peace, and has held that
office ever since, holding commissions from the following gover-
nors: William Dennison, David Tod, J. D. Cox, R. B. Hayes,
Edward F. Noyes, William Allen, and Richard M. Bishop ; has
also been township treasurer. He is postmaster at Convenience, hav-
ing received his commission in 1878 ; has also been station agent

WAYNE TOWNSHIP.

855

at Convenience, for the D. & S. E. liailroad, since October 26, 1878.
He and his wife are members of the Camp Grove Methodist Epis-
copal Church. He is a strict temperance man, and a Democrat
politically.

He owns two hundred and three acres of land, on the Chillicothe
pike, four and one-half miles from Washington, on which Con-
venience Station is located.

EVAN JAMES.

Evan James, farmer, is a native of Ross County, this state, born
January 12, 1834, was reared, educated, and married to Miss Mag-
gie, daughter of Washington Mains, May 28, 1858, in his native
county He came to this county in 1860, located on the well im-
proved farm, situated two and one-half miles north of Greenfield, on
Good Hope pike, where he now lives and owns three hundred
acres. He has a family of eight children : Mary, Frank, William,
Edward, Eva, Altie, George and Charlie, all hving save Altie, who
died at the early age of five years.

Our subject's parents, Reuben and Mary (Schhoofstall) James,
were married in Virginia. They had a family of thirteen children ;
our subject being the sixth one; ten of them survive. The par-
ents removed to Ross County, this state, in 1820, where they died
— he, March, 1877, aged eighty years; she, March, 1861, aged fifty-
five years. They were exemplary members of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, and died triumphantly.

Our subject engaged in subduing the notorious Morgan on
his raid through this state. He kept a substitute in the field dur-
ing the entire service. He is a Democrat, and a member of the
Masonic fraternity of Greenfield Lodge No. 385. Mrs. James
is a member of the Presbyterian Church.

DAVID JONES

David Jones, quarryman, is a son of Aquilla Jones, born April
13, 1841, on the old homestead where he was reared. In 1865, he
married Rosellie A., daughter of John Smith, who bore him six
children : I^ettie, Mattie, Fannie, Otis, Charley and Leo ; Mattie is
deceased. Mrs. Jones is a member af Good Hope Methodist Epis-
copal Church, since April, 1861.

856 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Mr. Jones joined Company F, 22d O. V. I., in the three months
service ; at the expiration of which, he became a private in Com-
pany C, 54th O. V. I., was promoted to 1st lieutenant, and com-
manded Company I. He was wounded on the 22d of July, 1864,
at the battle of Atlanta ; serving faithfully during his term of
service, (three years,) and re-enlisted, remaining till the close of
the war, in all about four years of actual service. He was one of
the storming party at Fort Pemberton, Vicksburg, having volun-
teered with one hundred and fifty others. It will be remembered
that Vicksburg was surrounded by Sherman's forces, and the vol-
unteers were instructed to hold the fort, which they did from noon
till night, when they were compelled to evacuate ; seventy-five were
killed and twenty-five wounded. The regiment took Fort Mc-
Allister, and participated in some of the most dangerous affrays
during the war.

Is a Republican, and held the ofiice of constable in 1880; has
been school director in his district for nine years, and runs a stone
quarry, which is located on the Aquilla Jones farm ; furnishes
building, curb, and flag-stone of the white lime-stone quality.

JUDSON m'coy.

Judson McCoy, farmer, was born in this county, December 8,
1837, and is a son of Thomas B. and Margaret (Harper) McCoy;
the father a native of Maryland. They were married in Ross
County, Ohio, and came to this county about 1830, locating on the
line, and owning land in both counties. There were twelve chil-
dren of this family, eight sons and four daughters. Mr. McCoy,
sen., died in Cincinnati, in 1872, while en route to Indiana, to visit
a sick son, who died a few days later, and thus was the family
doubly bereaved in the short space of one week. The mother is
still living on the old homestead with her youngest son.

Our subject was married, December 29, 1864, to Almira, daugh-
ter of Jackson Rodgers, one of the pioneers of this locality, three
children being the result: Luella, Nannie, and Albert R., all living.
Mrs. McCoy was called away from her loved ones, January 25, 1876,
after a period of extreme suftering, caused by being accidentally
burned.

Mr. McCoy has a farm of one hundred and thirty-three and one-
third acres, situated one mile and a half south of Good Hope, on

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 857

the Greenfield and Good Hope pike, wliicli is in an excellent state
of cultivation, and beautified by a fine two-story residence. He en-
listed in Company A, 54th O. V. I., September 5, 1861, and after
the fall of Atlanta, was mustered out because of ill-health, Novem-
ber 10, 1864, serving two months and five days longer than his term
of enlistment. He went out as a private, and was promoted to first
lieutenant. Is a Republican, politically, and has served two terms
in the capacity of township trustee. He is a member of the Bap-
tist Church, as was his wife. She died in the faith, and he contin-
ues walking in her footsteps.

JAMES A. m'LEAN.

James A. McLean, farmer and surveyor, is a son of Samuel Mc-
Lean, who was born near Salem, Ross County, and when a young
man removed to Washington, in this county. He was married at
Chillicothe, to Eliza, daughter of John Robinson, a Ross County
pioneer, still living. She bore him seven children, three of whom
died in infanc}'; the others being John, Cincinnatus, lone, and
James A., — all living.

The subject of this sketch was born March 4, 1841, in Washing-
ton, C. H., where he was reared, educated, and resided till the
spring of 1881. He begaii his career by teaching school; then en-
gaged in civil engineering. He was internal revenue collector and
assessor eight years; also served as county surveyor four consecu-
tive terms, his last term expiring January 1, 1881.

In 1862, he was the first to enlist in this county, under the five
hundred thousand call, and became a member of Company C, 114th
O. V. I. Was engaged with Sherman at Vicksburg, and at the
capture of Arkansas Post, on White River, holding the position of
orderly sergeant. At the expiration of one year he was honorably
discharged, because of ill-health.

In October, 1867, he was married to Catharine, daughter of
Charles Briggs. The union was blessed by five children, all living:
Nettie, Charles, Lida, Fred, and Mary.

Mr. McLean is a member of Fayette Lodge No. 107, and Fayette
Chapter, F. & A. M., and Ely Commandery, Knights Templar, of
Washington. In the spring of 1881, he came to his present farm,
on the Toledo, Delphos and Burlington Railroad, on which Cisco
Station is located. The farm consists of four hundred and fifty-
58

858 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

three acres, which is being rapidly improved under his careful su-
pervision. He also owns thirty-one acres on the Waterloo pike,
three miles from "Washington, a residence on Court Street, house
and lot on Xorth Street, and a vacant lot on Temple Street, in the
city of Washington.

He is at present holding the office of city engineer, and his serv-
ices are frequently called into requisition b}' his numerous friends.
While turnpikes were being constructed in this county, he, as coun-
ty surveyor, had general supervision of the work. His present
farm is being well drained, and will be farmed to grain and stock.
His father died at Washington, in 1852; his mother is still living.

JAMES R. KUHL.

James R. Kuhl was born in Ross County, about two and one-half
miles east of Good Hope, this county, ISTovember 30, 1832, where
he was reared and educated. In his youth, he taught school eight
winters, having obtained his education in South Salem, and Chilli-
cothe college. He was married to Mercy E., daughter of William
S. Rogers, September 6, 1870, one child, Gertie, being the result of
the union, which is still living.

Our subject has a farm of ninety-five acres, on which he resides,
well improved, and situated about three and one-half miles south
of Good Hope. He is a member of the F. and A. M. lodge, 3850,
of Greenfield; he and wife are members of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church. His father, was a native of Rockingham County, Vir-
ginia, and came to Ross County, in this state, in 1816, where he
married Ann Harper, in about 1827. They had ten children ; our
subject was the fourth; one died in infancy, and the others grew .to
man and womanhood. The father died in Ross County, April 1,
1879, aged eighty-two j^ears. The mother, who was born in 1803,
is still living.

Mr. Kuhl is a Democrat, politically, and is a member of a repu-
table pioneer family, of Ross County, a good neighbor, and highly
respected citizen. When a young man he drove stock over the
mountains, to Baltimore and other eastern markets. In the ab-
sence of railroads, he Avalked, or rode in boats and stages. Since
his marriage he has devoted himself to farming.

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 859

THOMAS N. M BLWAIN.

The McElwaiii ancestors came from Ireland, and, presumably,
Robert, the father of the subject of this sketch, Avas born in this
country. The date is, June 18, 1779. He married Jane Taylor,
who was born at Redstone, Old Fort, Washington County, Penn-
sylvania, May 22, 1783. Her father removed to Kentucky, when
she was eight years of age. They came down the Ohio on a flat
boat, and landed at Marysville, settling in Mason County, when the
countr}^ was thickly inhabited by Indians. The marriage occurred.
May 22, 1804, and resulted in eleven children: Jane, born March 16,
1805; John T., February 2, 1807; William, June 1,1809; Osee,
August 3, 1811 ; Robert, November 24, 1813 ; mncy, June 2, 1815 ;
Samuel, October 7,1817; Thomas N., December 20, 1819; Eliza,
December 3, 1821 ; Minerva, April 12, 1825 ; Jane married one Hen-
dricks, in Kentucky, where she died, August 27, 1826 ; Minerva
died September 1, 1827 ; Robert departed this life September 17,
1848. He, wife and three children, removed to this county in 1810 ;
they came to this township and built a little cabin, on the place
now owned by Jesse Eyeman, where they leased ground one year,
then bought the farm now owned by our subject.

He served as captain during the war of 1812, contracting a dis-
ease from which he never recovered. He was the first justice of
the peace in the township, and was visited by pioneers far and near,
who wished to get married, or had differences to settle. He also
served as county commissioner. He was a member of the Presby-
terian Church, and died October 7, 1824. His wife departed this life
December 22, 1876, aged ninety- one years and seven months. She
was intelligent, possessed an excellent memory, always enjoyed
good health, and was beloved by all who knew her.

Our subject was born on the old homestead, where he has lived
most of his life. He formerly traded in cattle ; never crossed the
mountains but once. He usually purchased his cattle in the south-
ern part of the state, fattened them on his farm, then sold them in
the east. At present he devotes himself solely to tilling the soil.
He was married in 1843, to Sarah Ann, daughter of John H.
Mouser, of Ross county, who bore him six children : John H., Osee
Jane, Ann Ehza, Samuel, Robert, and Lewis ; Osee J. and Samuel
are deceased. John married Martha J. Hendrickson, and after her

860 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

death, Miss Hughes. Ann EUza married John M. Kuhl, and re-
sides in Illinois. He and brothers were out during the Morgan
raid, and stationed below Marietta. He is a Democrat, but not an
aspirant to office.

Mr. McElwain and his son John own three hundred and
fifty acres of land, well improved, situated near Good Hope on the
Washington pike, and Ohio Southern Railroad, and farm to gram
and stock. He has bred some very fine horses, a few of which have
been sold for fifteen thousand dollars. One of his horses was used
in the ring by Barnum.

PHILLIP m'WILLIAMS.

Phillip McWilliams is a native of Ross county, and a son of
Samuel McWilliams, whose ancestors came from Ireland, when our
country was yet in its infancy. He was born in Il^orthumberland
County, Pennsylvania, in 1787 ; caiiie to Ross County, Ohio, in 1817,
with his parents, by a two-horse wagon, and settled within one and
one-half miles of Greenfield. He was married to Margaret Pol-
lock, who bore him twelve children : William, Robert, Phillip,
Joseph, Sarah, David, Mary Ann, Samuel, James, Mitchell, Thomas,
and John. William, John, David, and Mary Ann, are deceased.
Mr. and Mrs. McWilliams, sr., were members of the Presbyterian
Church. He died of cancer, at the advanced age of eighty-two.
She passed away in 1872.

Our subject was born, January 22, 1820, and when but an infant,
his parents removed to Highland County, settling three and one-
half miles south of Greenfield, on a tract of land which was then
in a wild state. Our subject remained here until thirty-eight years
of age, and assisted in improving the farm, thus bringing it to a
high state of cultivation.

He was married, April 4, 1851, to Mary E., daughter of Jesse K.
Bennett, of Highland County. Their union was blessed with six
children; Margaret J., WiUiam R., Charlie O., Elizabeth, Hattie,
and Russie C; William R, has passed to the other shore.

Mrs. McWilliams is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and
known as a good and consistent Christian. Of the children, Mar-
garet J. is married to Hugh Ghormle}^, and the others are still at
home.

He is a Republican, and for many years held the ot6.ce of town-

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 861

ship trustee. During the hxte war, he assisted iu driving the noto-
rious Morgan raiders from our borders. His brothers, Mitchell and
David, were in the 27th O. V. I. Tlie former enhsted for three
years, anji when within three weeks of his time of being mustered
out, was shot in the head, but subsequently recovered. David was
killed at the battle of Atlanta, where*so many of the brave soldiers
from Fayette, Ross, and Highland counties laid dowu their lives.
Their cold and lifeless bodies have slumbered sweetly for these
many years, but their heroic deeds, and tine patriotic spirit which
prompted them to perish iu the defense of the union, cannot be
erased from the annals of time.

Our subject purchased his farm in 1855. It contains one hun-
dred and one acres, nicely improved, and located on the Good
Hope and Greenfield pike, three miles from the latter place.

ADAM NEBBERGALL.

Adam JSTebbergall, is a son of Henry Xebbergall, and was born
in Huntington Township, Ross County, Ohio, on the 20th of Sep-
tember, 1819. Here he was raised, and married to Miss Eliza Par-
rott, April 8, 1844. Immediately after the marriage, the young
couple removed to this county, locating near his present farm.
His worldly possessions were few; by industry and good manage-
ment, however, he has accumulated a farm containing three hun-
dred and twenty-five acres, well improved, and situated on the
Good Hope and Lyndon pike, one mile east of Good Hope. He
and wife have been blessed by the birth of three children : Joseph,
Sarah Ann, and Mary Emily ; the former two deceased, and the
latter married to Emmet D. King.

Our subject, and his estimable family, are members of the Pres-
b3^terian Church; he united with the church in 1843, his wife in
about 1836. Some twenty years ago, he was appoiiited to the office
of elder, and still holds the position. He never aspired to any
public office, believing that the ftxrmer should devote his time to
the cultivation of his lands. He assisted in repelling Morgan's
forces, and compelling them to leave the state. He was a Whig
until the birth of the Republican party, when he affiliated with it,
and is still an active member of the party. His mother died at his
birth, and his father soon followed her to the grave; hence he
knew but little of them, except that they were natives of Virginia.

862 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

JOHN H. PARRETT.

See page 619.

JACOB POST.

Jacob Post was bovn on the farm he now occupies, December
24, 1823, and is a son o!" Valentine and Margaret (Rowe) Post. The
former was born in Rockingham County, Virginia, in about 1790;
the latter a native of Kentucky, and married Mr. Post at the age
of sixteen. They settled in the woods, on the place now owned by
our subject, in or prior to 1815. His father gave to himself and
another brother, fift}" acres of land each, and he afterwards bought
his brother s portion. There were eight children in this family ;
Jacob being the third. He can well remember wdien this was one
vast wilderness, except a small clearing around the humble cabin.
He was reared on the home farm, attended subscription, and sev-
eral terms of free school, when able, which was not very often,
as his work required most of his time. March 21, 1850, he was
married to Drusilla, daughter of Thomas Burnett. The latter was
a native of Pendleton County, Virginia, and settled in Union Town-
ship, on Sugar Creek, at an early day. He married Rachel, daugh-
ter of Leonard Bush. Our subject's wife bore him ten children :
Zina, Margery, Clark, Hulda, William, Oliver, Laura, Ray, Vertie,
and Elma, all living except one not mentioned, who died in in-
fancy. Mr. Post was out fifteen days during the Morgan raid, and
assisted in his capture, leaving his crops to the mercy of the ele-
ments, that his state might be saved from the destruction threat-
ened by the daring rebel. He owns one hundred and fifty-five
acres of land, well improved, and located on the so-called Wil-
mington road. He served faithfully as township trustee, and is a
Republican in politics.

JACKSON RODGERS.

Benjamin Rodgers was born in Virginia, Januar}' 4, 1772, and at
about twenty-two years of age removed to Kentucky ; remained
there two years, then came to Chillicothe, being one of eleven men
who were the first to raise grain in Ross County. He purchased

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 863

land about three miles from Chillicothe, but found the water facili-
ties insufficient, and removed to Fayette County, prior to the organ-
ization of the same, finding it in a wild and chaotic state. He set-
tled on a one thousand acre tract, a portion of which is now owned
by our subject. Two hundred acres of the original tract were pur-
chased by a brother of the elder Rodgers (Hamilton).

Some time after coming to this county, he was married to Eliza-
beth, daughter of Peter Jackson, who lived on Deer Creek, in Ross
County. She was born August 26, 1780. The union resulted in
eight children : Joseph, John, Jackson, Mary P., Hamilton, Eliza,
Maria, and William ; the deceased being John, Eliza, Mary, and
Maria. Joseph resides in Mount Pleasant, Iowa.

Mr. Rodgers, sen., held some of the township offices, was in the
war of 1812, in the company commanded by Robert McElwaine,
and did his whole duty. He died February 12, 1849.

Jackson, the subject of this sketch, was born in Ross County,
January 29, 1804, and when but a child, came to Fayette with his
parents. He well remembers seeing Indians on the banks of Paint
and Indian creeks, but they were generally peaceable.

iSTovember 7, 1837, he married ]^ancy, daughter of Amos Jones,
of Vermont, and a niece of jSTorman' F. Jones, first auditor of the
county. Their union was blessed with four children : Harvej^, Sina
(now Mrs. L. C. CoiFman), Almira (late wife of Judson McCoy),
and Amos J., who is married to Mary J., daughter of John Simmi-
son, and has three children. He and his wife are members of the
Presbyterian Church.

Mrs. Rodgers died October 26, 1853, and ^N'ovember 1, 1855, he
married Rebecca, daughter of John Dunlap, who was a native of
Washington County, Pennsylvania, coming to this state with his
family, in 1817, and settled in Ross County, near Greenfield. Mr.
Dunlap married Rebecca Donnelly, who bore him nine children.
He died in 1841. She was a life member of the United Presbyte-
rian Church, and died in that faith in 1843.

Mrs. Rebecca Rodgers was born in 1808, married Robert Rodgers
August 13, 1828, and had three children: WilHam A., living near
Jamestown; John H., who resides near Kearney, Nebraska; Joseph,
deceased. Robert Rodgers died June 29, 1844, and his widow re-
married on the day above given. She has been a member of the
regular Baptist Church since 1831, and is an exemplary member of
Good Hope congregation.

864 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Daring the late war, Harvey, oldest son of our subject, was mus-
tered a member of Company A, 54tli O. V. Z., September 5, 1861.
He served from private to orderly sergeant, in the line of promo-
tion, and was instantly killed before Atlanta, July 22, 1864. He
was a member of the Baptist Church, a brave soldier, and though
he has long been sleeping under the cold sod, his heroic devotion
to his country will never be forgotten. He engaged in the battles
of Pittsburg Landing, Vicksburg, Raymond, Champion Hills, Big
Black, Siege of Vicksburg, Mission Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Kene-
saw Mountain, and Atlanta. He had nearly finished the term of
his enlistment, when death called him to a brighter land, where
the scenes of bloody conflict will never be mentioned. One who
saw him fall, says he could have saved his life by surrendering, but
the gallant soldier preferred death to imprisonment.

Mr. Rodgers owns three hundred and thirty-six acres of land,
nicely improved, and adorned by handsome buildings, which is lo-
cated on Paint Creek and the Ohio Southern Railroad, and farms
to grain and stock. He and his family enjoy a wide and favorable
acquaintance.

HAMILTON RODGERS.

Hamilton Rodgers, farmer, is a son of Benjamin Rodgers, a
sketch of whom appears elsewhere, and was born in this township,
June 8, 1808, on the farm now owned by William B. Rodgers. His
education was limited. When a subscription sufficient to hire a
teacher could be made, a log cabin was erected in the woods, which
they attended. However, the pioneers were so over-burdened with
work, that they were compelled to deny their children even an or-
dinary education.

Mr. Rodgers attended strictly to home duties most of his life.
He was married, December 31, 1835, to Martha A., daughter of
William Vance, who was born February 4, 1815. They had five
children: Mary E., Angeline, Harrison V*., Lucy C, and Martha J.
Angeline married Jesse Heagler, and died six years ago ; Mary E.
is the wife of William Rodgers, at Jamestown ; Harrison owns land,
which adjoins that of his father; Lucy C. is the wife of Marion
Gibson ; Martha J. is married to Harry J. Walker, and lives in Ne-
braska. Mrs. Rodgers is dead, and is buried in the old Rodgers
cemetery. Mr. Rodgers married Hannah Gibson, nee Shobe, relict

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 865

of John Gibson. Both are members of the Fairview German Bap-
tist Church, and are good Christians.

Marion Gibson is the son of John II. Gibson, who was born in
Virginia, removed to this state at an early day, and settled in Ross
County, wdiere he married Hannah, daughter of Daniel Shobe, who
bore him four children: Marion, Lucinda (wife of Elijah Hopkins),
Mary Ann (widow of Isaac J. Vance, lately deceased), and James,
deceased.

Mr. Gibson was instantly killed by the upsetting of a wagon
loaded with wheat, when Marion was a small boy. He was horn
November 30, 1843, and spent his youth in Ross County; worked
for several farmers, and assisted in maintaining the family; hence his
opportunities for an education were not very good. He was a ser-
geant in the Second Ohio Heavy Artillery, and remained in the
service two years and two months.

In 1868, he married Lucy C, daughter of Hamilton Rodgers, and
removed to this farm. They had five children : Orville, John, Mat-
tie, Hamilton, and one who died in infancy. He and his wife are
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are good and
consistent Christians. He assisted in the erection of the new
church at Good Hope, and furnished all the brick work.

Messrs. Rodgers and Gibson own about eight hundred acres of
land, well tilled and stocked, in good cultivation, and located just
north of Good Hope. They engage in general farming.

SANFORD SAYRE.

Sanford Sayre, blacksmith, Good Hope, is a son of Seth and
Clarissa (Ravenscroft) Sayre, and was born in Paint Township, Ross
County, Ohio, January 1, 1831. His youth was spent in his native
county, where he obtained a common school education. At seven-
teen years of age he began the trade of blacksmith with his father;
then went to Indiana, remained two years, and returned to Ohio.
He next attended the Salem Academy, where he remained two
terms, and in August, 1856, came to this village, opened a black-
smith shop, and has continued at this business ever since.

November 2, 1856, he was married to Sarah E., daughter of
Joshua and Mary (Shockey) Benner. To them one child was born,
Austin, Nt)vember 1, 1857, now attending the Wesleyan Uuiversit}',
at Delaware, Ohio.

866 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Our subject went out with tlie Fayette County forces during the
invasion of Morgan's forces. He owns a handsome residence in
Good Hope; has accumulated a good sum of money, but invested
little in real estate, and does an extensive business in blacksmithing,
a sufficient guarantee of his superior workmanship. He has held
the offices of township clerk and trustee. Himself and family are
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They have grown
up with the village in which they reside, witnessed its changes, and
are beloved and honored by all who have the pleasure of their ac-
quaintance.

JAMES H. SMALLEY.

James H, Smalley, farmer, is a son of Thomas Smalley, who
was born in Loudon County, Virginia, March 16, 1792, and came
to this state in about 1800, with his family, who settled in High-
land County. He was married March 23, 1823, to Mary Ann,
daughter of Phillip Wagner, of Georgia. She bore him six chil-
dren : Phillip W., George, Elizabeth, John, Hiram B., and James
H.; the deceased are Phillip, George and Elizabeth. They were
members of the Baptist Church, of Greenfield, and died in that
faith.

Our subject was born December 4, 1837, in Buckskin Township,
Ross County, and was reared on his father's farm till twenty years
of age, then took a trip west, returning at .the expiration of a year,
and June 21, 1860, married Martha E., daughter of James McCon-
nel, who was born near Wheling, Virginia, removed to Ross
County, thence to»this, where he died July 3, 1869. His wife still
survives him, and resid'es with our subject. Mr. Smalley has nine
children, of whom jN'ancy A. has passed beyond the river. He
and his wife are members of the First Presbyterian Church, of
Greenfield, and endeavor to fulfill the Master's commands. Polit-
ically he is a Democrat, but no office seeker. During the rebellion
he went out with the many others from this county, who were
called out during the invasion by Morgan ; went to St. Marys, Vir-
ginia, where he remained until after the capture of Morgan.

In 1863, he purchased his present farm, which consists of seventy-
one acres, is well improved, and located three miles from Green-
field, on the Good Hope and Greenfield pike, and has lived here
since, and farms to both grain and stock.

WAYNE TOAVNSIIIP. 8G7

JOHN SOLLAES.

John Sollars, farmer, is a son of Samuel Sollars, an early settler,
who was born February 9, 180G, inAUeghany County. In the fall
of 1808, he removed with his parents to tliis state, and landed in
this county, one mile southeast of Good Hope. He was the oldest
child and reared by his parents, remaining on the farm till twenty-
four years of age. lie began attending school in 1813, in an old
cabin south of the present residence of Judson McCoy, taking a
blazed road which his father cut from the house to the school.
His teacher was William Records, who is remembered as a good
scribe and mathematician, and somewhat of a poet; was tall in
stature and somewhat ecc^itric. The cabin in which the school
was held, was built by John Davis, a squatter, and occupied as a
school after his death. This cabin, and another built some years
later, were the only institutions of learning attended by him. His
teacher, in 1814, was Bazzle Musset. September 20, 1832, he mar-
ried iSTancy, daughter of John McWilliams, of Clermont County,
who was an old pioneer and surveyed land near Cincinnati, in
1796.

Our subject's grandfather, Isaac Sollars, came from Maryland to
Pennsylvania, prior to the war of the revolution, and his ancestors
may truly be called pioneers. The marriage was blessed by eight
children : Lucy, John, Samuel, Ann, Frank, William, Nancy, and
Elizabeth; those dead, are Lucy, Samuel, Ann, and Frank.

Samuel enlisted in Company C, 54th 0. Y. I., June 11, 1864.
During the battle at Pittsburg Landing, a branch from a tree
struck and disabled him, and he was discharged. He re-enlisted
in the one hundred days service, in Company I, 160th O. V. K. G.,
and received a mortal wound at Cynthiana. Franklin was in Com-
pany E, 122d 0. V. L, enlisted June 2, 1864, was taken ill with
typhoid fever at AVashington, and died at Jarvis Hospital, Bahi-
more. He was engaged in the battles of Monacacy, in front of
Petersburg, and Pichland (on skirmish line two days). John as-
sisted in driving the Morgan raiders from our borders. All three
were brave and daring soldiers, and beloved by comrades and
officers; two gave up their lives in the cause, and we gladly pen
this small tribune to their memory.

Our subject settled on this farm with his father, in 1816, and

868 H16T0RY OF FAYETTE COtlNTY.

took possession in 1832, and has lived here since. He assisted in
changing the wild state of the land to one of high cultivation.
He owns one hundred acres in this township, one hundred and
fifty in Perry Township, and seven hundred and twenty acres of
woodland in Illinois. He is a pioneer, successful farmer, retains
an excellent memory, and is beloved and esteemed by all who
know him.

CORNELIUS SMYTHE.

Cornelius Smythe, farmer, a son of William Smythe, was born in
Ireland in 1832. He crossed the Atlantic in 1850, and settled near
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he farmed for three years, and then
removed to Ironton, and engaged in the same occupation. Here,
on the 2l8t of August, 1866, he w^as married to Hannah, daughter
of D. Trainer, and a native of Ireland. She bore him nine chil-
dren : William, John, Belle, Hannah, Cornelius, Daniel, Cecelia,
Thomas, and Emma; the latter deceased. They remained at Iron-
ton about eight years, and then removed to this county, settling on
the B. Mooney farm. Four years later he settled on his present
farm, which contains five hundred and sixty-six acres, and is
located on Compton Creek, six miles from Washington, on the
Circleville Pike. He grazes and feeds stock. He and wife are
members of the St. Colemans Catholic Church, at Washington,
Pie was employed by the government three months during the late
war. Takes no active interest in politics, but has heretofore been
a Democrat. The ceremony at his marriage was performed by
Father Gilmore, now bishop at Cleveland.

ANANIAS WARE.

Ananias Ware, farmer, is a son of Jacob Ware, who was born
in Virginia, and removed to this state in 1810, settling in Pike
County. He then went to Ross County, where he lived till 1853,
wlien lie moved to the farm now owned by our subject. He was
married to Eliza, daughter of Thomas and Gemima McDonald.
The latter is said to have been the first white woman that settled
in the Scioto valley. She was a sister of Governor Duncan Mc-
Arthur. Her husband was one of the first surveyors in this sec-
tion. He died in 1847 or 1848 ; she in 1875, at the advanced age
of ninety-six years.

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 869

Jacob Ware was born in 1802, his wife in 1806. They had eiglit
children, of whom six are living: Thomas Allen, Ananias, Allison
M., William, Alice (now Mrs. L. A. Reed), and Jacob E. lie and
wife were exemplary members of the Methodist Episcopal Church
from early childhood. He died in 1859; she is still living at
Frankfort.

Our subject was born in 1836, in Frankfort, Ross County, where
he lived until sixteen years of age, receiving a common school ed-
ucation, and then removed to the place he now occupies, where he
has since resided. He was married, September 16, 1858, to Me-
linda, daughter of Jacob Eynian, of this township, who bore him
seven children, of whom six are living : Ida F., Charles A., W. A.
Frank S., Laura, and Ella ; all at home but the latter, who lives
with her Grandma Eyman.

Mr. Ware is a member of the Camp Grove Methodist Episcopal
Church, as are all the children who reside at home. His wife be-
longs to the Fairview German Baptist Church. He assisted in
driving the Morgan raiders from our borders, and had five brothers
in the regular service. William was taken prisoner at the battle
of the wilderness, and confined in most of the rebel prisons. Is a
Republican, politically; owns three hundred and twenty-five acres
of land on the Chillicothe pike, five miles from Washington, all in
a successful state of cultivation. He farms to grain and stock,
and makes a specialty of breeding English Berkshire hogs.

ADAM T. AVHITE.

Adam T. White, farmer and stock raiser, is a son of Jesse
White, whose ancestors were natives of Kentucky, and removed to
this state in an early day, and here Jesse was born February 11,
1813. The White family originally settled near Chillicothe, when
the vicinity was inhabited by Indians ; after residing there, they re-
moved to this county. The grandfather of Jesse was a tanner,
and accumulated quite a sum of money while at Chillicothe, with
which he purchased a large tract of land in this township, then
purchased nearly all the lands of an entire township, in Kosciusko
County, Indiana, soon after which he died.

Our subject was born j^ovember 12, 1838, on the farm now
owned by Aaron Johnson, lived there a few years, then removed
with the family to the vicinity of Washington, and then to the

870 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Jesse "White homestead, where he was reared, educated and devot-
ed himself to farming. He has always been interested in stock,
and raised some fine horses. He was married, in 1863, to Minerva
Ellen, daughter of Henry Stuckey, of Eoss County; the result
being one boy : Jesse, who was born September 28, 1864, and still
lives with his parents. He is overseer in Union Live Grange ;
politically, a Democrat, though his ancestors were Whigs.

He owns a farm containing one hundred and fifty-two acres, well
improved, which is located on the Springfield and Chillicothe road,
and farms largely to grain.

WILLIAM H. WHITESEL.

William H. Whitesel, farmer, is a son of George Whitesel, a
native of Berkeley County, Virginia. His grandfather was brought
from Germany by the British (was not a Hessian) to fight Amer-
icans, and instead of returning to his native country, he remained
here. He was born in February, 1755, and married Elizabeth
West, a native of Northampton County, Pennsylvania, February
11, 1787. He departed this life October 31, 1825, his wife July 13,
1836. George Whitesel, father of our subject, was born March 2,
1790, and married Januarj^ 10, 1822, Mary Sidener, who bore him
twelve children, of whom ten survive : ]S"ancy, Mcholas, Elizabeth,
George, Allen, Mary, Jacob, Samuel, William H., and Sarah M.
The deceased are Anna E. and Catherine M.

At the age of nineteen, he came to this state with his father, who
settled in Salt Creek Township, Pickaway County; he and all his
brothers were in the war of 1812, serving during the surrender of
Hull, for a period of three months. For their noble efforts in pre-
serving the country, they were the recipients of both bounty lands
and money. He died in Pickaway County, December 4, 1866, and
his wife preceded him to the grave August 12, 1866. They were
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and lived true and
noble lives.

Our subject was born October 1, 1863, in Pickaway Count}', this
state, where he lived twenty-five years. He was located some dis-
tance from any college of learning, and obtained his education in
the log cabin where the rod reigned supreme. June 20, 1861, he
was married to Martha J., daughter of Isaac Thomas, a native of
Pennsylvania, who dying, he married Jane Coldern, who was born

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 871

on the farm they now occupy. Mr. and Mrs. Whitesel have been
blessed by three children : Arthur A., Mary Mertie, and Forest
Ethel ; all living. They have adopted their niece, Mary Jane Dav-
idson, and have an interesting family.

While not an active participant in the late war, he was ever ready
and willing to assist when it lay in his power. His brother, Sam-
nel, went from Missouri, was wounded in the limb, and still carries
the ball.' Five brothers of Mrs. Whitesel showed their patriotism
by going to the front, and fortunately escaped unhurt. He and
his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Green-
field, and are known as exemplary Christians.

March 15. 1866, he removed to his present farm; it is located on
the Frankfort and Martinsburg road, four and one-half miles from
Greenfield, and contains one hundred acres; is adorned by a hand-
some residence, is well fenced and tilled, and makes one of the
most desirable residences in the locality. He has an extensive or-
chard, and has been blessed with good crops each year. The yield
in 1880, was five hundred bushels of apples and divets other fruits.
Is a Republican, but no oflice seeker.

REV. HENRY H. WITTER.

In 1640, William Witter crossed the Atlantic, a fugitive from
England, his native country, because of his religious belief. He
was a Baptist, and settled in Lynn, Massachusetts.

June 15, 1651, Obadiah Holmes, Robert Crandall, and John
Clark, held a religious meeting at the house of William Witter,
and were arrested by the authorities from Boston, who were prose-
cuting the Baptists when opportunity offered. Crandall and Clark
were released, but Holmes was whipped, receiving thirty-nine lashes,
and fastened to a cow, which was driven through the Boston Com-
mons. Witter was not arrested; but being advanced in years, died
soon after.

Our subject is a lineal descendant of the Witter above men-
tipned. His father, Elijah, was born in the State of New York, in
1807, and his mother. Amy Ann Ballon, in Rhode Island, in 1811.
Her parents were fugitives from France, because of their political
proclivities. There were ten children of this family, seven sons
and three daughters, of which seven are living. The parents and
children are members of the Baptist Church.

872 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Mr, Witter was born December 31, 1836, in Madison County,
Ohio ; lived there till fourteen years of age, then removed with his
parents to Union County, this state. At the age of nineteen, he
entered Granville College, and began preaching at the age of
twenty-one. His license to preach was issued when in his twenty-
second year. With the exception of four years, spent on the farm
after leaving school, he has been a minister in the Baptist Church
ever since. His ministerial career opened at Milford Center, where
he remained* two years, then removed to Prospect, Marion County,
and after laboring four years, removed to New Vienna, Clinton
County, and at the close of five years (in 1878) came here. His la-
bors have been crowned with success.

He is a radical temperance advocate, and has been a faithful
worker in the cause. He has held two public religious discussions;
one with Rev. R. G. Galbraith, Presbyterian minister at Frankfort,
Ohio, the other with Armanus Hixon, German Baptist, at Fairview,
in this township. He has also discussed, through the secular press.

March 4, 1862, he was married to Sarah Ann, daughter of Wilson
Reed, of Milford Center, the union being blessed by five children:
Otis Lincoln, Minnie, an infant, Elijah, and DeGrace; one died in
infancy, and Elijah when about eleven years of age. His son Otis
is attending Granville College, and his daughter is a student in the
Female Seminary at the same place.

SILAS WOLF.

Silas Wolf, farmer, was born in August, 1884, near Waltkirch,
Baden, Germany. His father, Joseph, was a native of the same
place, and was there married to Maria Traenkle, who was born near
the sume locality. She bore him seven children : Joseph, Anton,
Maria, Silas, Caroline, Kawiesentz, George, and Charles, the latter
deceased. Mr. Wolf died about 1870, his wife preceding him to
the grave in 1842. He was in the war during the years 1814 and
1815; was wounded, and received a pension for his gallant service.

Silas Wolf came to this country in 1854; w^as on the ocean forty-
three days, during which time he encountered many storms, which
threatened the destruction of the ship. He arrived at Greenfield
on the 19th of May, and began working for the farmers of the
vicinity, continuing nine years, and then purchased land below
Greenfield, where he lived several vears ; next removed to Minne-

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 873

sota, where he remained three months, then returned to Greenfield
about February 1, 1867, and in the fall of the same year purchased
his present farm.

In 1871, he married Rosa Gangel, of Wittenberg, Germany, who
bore him one child, Emil, who is living. She was a member of the
Catholic Church, lived a devoted life, and died in 1874. He was
again married, December 25, 1876, to Margaret Galbert, of Penn-
sylvania, which resulted in two children, Rosa and Elizabeth, both
living. Himself and wife attend the Catholic Church at Greenfield.
He has never aspired to ofiice, and is a Democrat in politics. He
owns ninety acres on the Good Hope and Greenfield pike, three
miles from the latter place, well improved, and on which he has
erected a handsome residence.

NEWELL B. WOOD.

The ancestors of Mr. Wood came from Normandy to Ireland, in
the eleventh century. One family came to America in 1740 ; the
head of this family was the father of William Wood, born in Mary-
land. His son, Isaac, removed to this state from Kings County,
Pennsylvania, December, 1810. A few years after the Woods' came
to America, they were followed by James Savage, who located near
Augusta, Maine. Amos Brailev was born in Maine, in 1776. Al-
ice Savage is a daughter of Joseph, a son of Isaac, who came from
Ireland. Alice was united in marriage to Amos Brailey. Their
daughter, Rebecca, came to Meigs County, Ohio, April, 1817. Jan-
uary 12, 1838, she was united in marriage to John Wood, the
union being blessed by three children: Annas, born August 26,
1839 ; Newell B., July 16, 1843, and Ruel B., October 26, 1845.
Mr. Wood departed this life, October 11, 1845. His wife died,
April 1850.

Our subject was born, July 16, 1843, in Rutland Township, Meigs
County, Ohio. His father having died one year previous, at three
years of age, removed, with his mother, to Milton Township, Jack-
son County, locating on a farm, which has recently been purchased
by the managers of the railroad running through it, and abounds
in coal. While attending school in the rude log cabin, a well was
dug, those doing the work came upon a vein of coal, but did not
use it for fuel, owing to the absence of proper facilities for burning
it. He remained on this farm until 1855, when they took a trip to

874 ■ HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Indiana, where they remained one year. At that time the market
was dull, labor cheap, and prices high. They again located in
Jackson County, where they remained until 1867, when they re-
turned to their old home in Meigs County, and stayed two years.
During the intervening time, his grandfather's estate had been in
court fourteen years. It was quite valuable, but finally realized the
three heirs but one hundred dollars each.

He next worked on a farm in Jackson County, until 1863 ; spent
one year in Pickaway County, near j^ew Holland, and in the years
1864 — '66, worked for William McGee, at the Iron Valley Furnace,
enjoying the confidence and esteem of his employer while there.

He was married, March 14, 1867, to Aimed L,, daughter of
George W. Phillips, who still resides in Jackson County. The
union has been blessed with six children: Ida, horn June 27, 1868 ;
Haley P., November 17, 1859; Clarence A., March 13, 1872 ; Jesse
G., :N'ovember 2, 1875; John B., July 28, 1878, and Charlie Law-
rence, October 3, 1879. After his marriage, he moved to Vinton
County, Ohio, and engaged in burning charcoal. He remained one
season, then returned to his former employer (McGee), whose fur-
nace had been idle during the interval, and remained until 1871,
when he removed to the farm he now occupies.

He is a member of Fayette Lodge, Xo. 187, F. and A. M.,
and was made Master Mason, in Mineral Lodge, Vinton County.
He went out from Pickaway County, to assist in capturing Morgan,
and was gone eighteen days.

He occupies the John Boyd tract, which contains one thousand
acres, divided by the Bogus road, and Ohio Southern Railroad. It
is well improved. He has cleared about three hundred and fifty
acres, constructed over twenty-five miles of fence, which required
one hundred and seventeen thousand new rails. The land is well
drained, and contains five thousand two hundred and seventy-five
rods of tile, and seven hundred and seventy rods of open ditch.
He opened the first coal mine on the Ohio Southern Railroad, and
is still interested in its management. He farms largely to grain,
and ships by the Ohio Southern Railroad.

IRA YEOMAN.

Ira Yeoman, son of James Yeoman, whose history appears else-
where, was born in the state of New York, May 5, 1808, and

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 875

remained there until the spring of 1815 ; then came down the Al-
leghany liiver, on a raft. The river was high, and, at Pittsljurg,
they landed on a large elm tree. They took the raft on the Ohio,
and landed at Columbia, near Cincinnati. In the fall they re-
moved to this township, and settled above Rock Mills. He spent
his youth at home, and after his father's death, took charge of the
family. His education, to use his own words, "was in the clear-
ing," for in those days, there were few opportunities to attend
school. He was married, April 8, 1830, to Oce, daughter of Rob-
ert McElwain, who bore him one child, Robert, who lives on the
farm adjoining. He and wife are exemplary Christians, and mem-
bers of the Old School Baptist Church.

In 1859, he started a store at Rock Mills, and remained three
years, and then resumed farming. In March, 1874, he removed to
Rattlesnake Creek, remained two years, and then came to his pres-
ent farm, which is located on the old Miami trace, one mile from .
Good Hope, and contains one hundred and ninety-four acres, well
improved. He farms to grain and stock.

Mr. Yeoman held the office of township treasurer, fifteen years,
township clerk, two years, and county commissioner three years,
a sufficient guarantee as to his integrity. He is a Republican,
though a Democrat prior to the candidacy of Fremont.

ROBERT J. YEOMAN.

Robert Yeoman, son of Ira and Oce (McElwain) Yeoman,
was born on the old homestead, one and one-half miles west of his
present home, April 13, 1831. He spent his youth on the farm, and
enjoyed few educational advantages.

In January 6, 1853, he was united in marriage to Elizabeth,
daughter of John A. Hill, who bore him five children : Osco, Sarah
J,, Ella E., Emma F., and "William Ira; the latter deceased. Mrs.
Yeoman died, October 11, 1863, and on the 23d of March, 1865, he
married Caroline H., daughter of Joseph Parker, of Warren
County, the result being nine children : Mary 0., Joseph W., Effie
J., Mattie E., Robert S., Madora C, Arthur Earl, Lula, and Bertha
Ellen ; all living. Mrs. Yeoman is a member of the Paint Baptist
Church.

Since 1856, Mr. Yeoman has been a Republican, having been a
Democrat prior to that time. In the fall of 1874, he was elected

876 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

justice of the peace, and served six years. He was a member of
Com'pany 1, 168th 0. V. N. G. ; he was called out, May 1864, and
served four months, and participated in the battle of Cynthiana.
He purchased his present farm, located about one mile from Good
Hope, on the old Miami trace (the oldest road laid off in the county,
being opened from Frankfort, or Oldtown, to the Miami Elver),
March, 1865. It contains one hundred and thirty-eight and one-
half acres, richly improved, and is one of the most desirable farms
in the township.

MARION TOWNSHIP.

Marion Township was originally a part of Madison, from which
it was taken Jnly 18, 1840. Its settlement, however, ante-dates
its organization thirty-six years.

John Uriah Blue was among the earliest inhabitants of Marion,
coming from Virginia in 1804, and settling on the north fork of
Paint Creek, on land now occupied by Charles McRea, where he
resided till his death in 1820.

About 1804 or 1805, William Curry, the celebrated counterfeiter,
mentioned elsewhere, came from Virginia, and squatted on land
now owned by Smith Chaffin and his son Jonathan, the present
dwelling of the latter occupying the site of Curry's cabin. Curry
belonged to an organized band of counterfeiters and horse thieves,
of which the Funk family were members, who operated in this
and surrounding counties, and also in Kentucky, and whose head-
quarters for some time were at Curry's house. Curry was finally
arrested and sent to the Ohio Penitentiary for a term of fifteen
years.

John McCarty came from near Frankfort, Ross County, perhaps
as early as 1808, and settled on land bought of General McArthur,
on which he resided till his death, November 21, 1844.

Edward Wilcox settled in Marion, prior to 1810, on land pur-
chased of Duncan McArthur, which is now in the possession of
Smith Chaffin. Mr. Wilcox was a man of deserved prominence,
and the township suffered the loss of one of its most useful citizens
in his removal to Illinois in 1832.

Nathaniel and William Newman, emigrated from Virginia in 1810,
perhaps a little earlier, and settled on land now owned by Smith
Chaffin.

Peter Blue was a native of Virginia, and emigrated from that
state in 1810, locating on land now owned by Smith Chaffin. He
was an excellent citizen, and his death, which occured in 1848,,
was deeply deplored by the entire communitj'.

878 HiSlORY OF faYette coui^'rY.

Joiiatbau Shepherd was born in Hardy County, Virghiia, June
30, 1787, and emigrated at the age of fifteen with his father's fam-
ily to Ross County, one-half mile from Frankfort. At the age of
twenty, he was united in marriage with Elizabeth, daughter of
William aud Frances Dailey, of Ross County, by whom he had
one child: Susan, the estimable wife of Smith Chaffin, who at pre-
sent resides at New Holland, Pickaway County, and to whom we
are indebted for much of the pioneer history of Marion.

Mr. Shepherd came to Marion in the spring of 1810, and bought
a four years lease of John Dixon ; at the expiration of which, he
rented the same land for one year from Adam Turner, who in the
meantime had purchased this farm. In 1815, he purchased three
hundred acres of land, in Quarrels's survey, ^o. 607, of Cadwal-
lader Wallace, agent for Quarrels, on which he at once settled,
and remained till his death, April 1, 1862, at the advanced age
of seventy-five. He was one of the original members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, at Salem Chapel, and lived a consist-
ent Christian life.

Daniel Grubs was a native Virginia, and emigrated from
that state, first to Kentucky, thence to Marion Township, in 1812,
and located on land now owned by the heirs of Gideon Gamble,
in G. Renich's survey, No. 6,522.

He devoted much time to sport, and many were the panthers,
bears, wolves, and deer he killed in his hunting expeditions. His
death occurred in 1838.

Adam Turner, by birth a native of Pennsylvania, came to Mar-
ion from Ross County, in 1814, and settled on military survey, No.
628, consisting of one thousand acres purchased of John Johnson,
a revolutionary soldier, a part of which is in Wayne Township,
owned by Cornelius Smith, the remainder being in the possession
of Barnell Mooney. He remained till 1835, when he sold to a Mr.
White, of Philadelphia, aud removed to Kosciusko County, Indiana.
He was a public spirited, enterprising man, and did much to devel-
op Marion and Wayne townships.

George Bohrer was born at Hagerstown, Pennsylvania, April 25,
1776, and in youth accompanied his father's family to Berkeley
County, Virginia, where, July 23, 1796, he married Mary Tallman,
and remained till December, 1799, when the young couple settled
near Steubenville, Ohio, remaining there till 1814, then removed to
Marion, and located on land bought of Uriah Blue, now in the

MARtoN TOWNSHIP. 879

possession of the widow of Gibson Britton, in J. Watt's survey,
No. 6,941.

In December, 1827, he removed to Washington, and entered into
a partnership in the dry goods and millinery business with James
Woods, in which he colitinned till the 3d of May, 1829, when he
removed to New Holland, Pickaway County, and again embarked
in the mercantile business, which he followed till his death, Octo-
ber 11, 1832. He w^as the father of eleven children : Rosana, Mary,
Zilpha, Josiah, Eli, Joel, Rebecca, Lurana, Zenas, Phineas, and
Martha; all of whom are dead except the latter, Mrs. Martha Long,
who resides on Court Street, Washington.

Mr. Bohrer was a zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and donated a lot on w'hich the Salem Church w^as built.

The following incident in connection with the life of Mrs. Bohrer,
the wife of George Bohrer, whose biography appears elsewhere,
we deem worthy of a place in this work.

Mrs. Bohrer, whose maiden name was Mary Tallman, was born
in Berkeley County, Virginia, March 19, 1780. Early on the morn-
ing of the 7th of January, 1800, she left home to cross the Capin
Mountains, on horseback, to visit her aged parents, who resided in
the vicinity of Sleepy Creek, carrying her infant daughter, seven
months old, with her. The weather w^as exceedingly cold, and the
snow^ in the mountains was three feet deep. For defense and com-
pany, she took with her. the house-dog, a large and pow^erful span-
iel. Having gained the summit of the mountain range, she con-
cluded to abandon the regular road, and follow a short cut, hoping
thereby to reach her father's house the same evening. She had
not proceeded far how^ever, before she found herself bewildered,
and in consequence became frightened. In her perplexity she
w^andered about through the mountains until the deep silence of de-
scending night had enveloped the world in gloom, when she dis-
mounted, fastened her horse to a sapling, and as well as circum-
stances would permit, prepared a place to spend the night.
Fortunately she had some extra clothing with her, in the shape of
a shawl and cloak, and removing, as well as she could, the snow
from beneath a large tree, she made the best disposition possible
of her apparel, commended herself to God and with her babe in her
arms, and her faithful dog by her side, she composed herself for
the night.

For a week previous to undertaking this journey, she had been

880 HisToHY ov Fayette county.

unusually exercised concerning her spiritual welfare, and had spent
much time in perusing an old prayer-book; and now, in her deso-
late condition, fur from home and earthly friends, surrounded by
every danger, the cold blasts of winter sweeping over her, she
fully realized her utter dependence upon God; and the prayers
she had read came vividly to her mind, and she poured forth afresh
petitions for protection and deliverance for herself and child.

To add to her misfortunes, her horse, shortly after he had been
fastened, broke his bridle, and started oft* at full speed, leaving her
helpless. During that long and sleepless night she struggled with
the freezing elements. Day dawned at last, and though she and
her infant were prevented from perishing by the extra clothing
and the heat from the dog's body, yet on account of the benumbed
and stiffened condition of her limbs, she could scarcely move or
lift her child. In desperation, however, she made an effort to
return to the road, well knowing that unless she reached some set-
tlement she must perish with the cold; but alas! she was unable
to find it. Disappointed, weary, and freezing, she retraced her
feeble steps to the spot she had occupied on the previous night.
In the faint hope that some passing hunter might see and recog-
nize her signs of distress, which might lead him to her relief, she
first hung her apron on a bush ; then tied her handkerchief to an over-
hanging limb; broke off a branch here, and bent down the bushes
there, as she passed along, until late in the afternoon of Saturday,
hungry and fainting, she reached her former lodging place. But
feeling now the dread of passing another night in this desolate
place, and seeing the sun fast declining in the west, she summoned
that indomitable spirit of courage peculiar to her sex when in
difficulty and danger, she determined to make one more desper-
ate effort to reach a settlement ; and in order to be less incumber-
ed, she discarded a part of her apparel, and began anew to contend
with the snow, rocks, and caverns of the mountains. At length
she came to a deep, narrow canyon, down whose percipitous sides
descent was impossible with the child in her arms. In this dilem-
ma, she threw her babe across the gulch, then made the rugged
passage herself by seizing hold of the laurel bushes in her danger-
ous descent and ascent. To her joy, on reaching the opposite side
she found her child uninjured, save a slight scratch made by the
crust of the snow, and clasping it in her arms she resumed her
desolate journey, along a hog path leading to a cleft of shelving

MARION TOWNSHIP. 881

rocks, ill wliich these animals were accustomed to sleep. Here
she determined at first to spend the night; hut her subsequent
fears that she and her child might become a prey to the hogs on
their return, overcame this resolution, and again she dragged her-
self about three hundred yards distance to the side of the moun-
tain, where the branches of a friendly pine oifered a sort of
protection, which she accepted for the night. By this time her
stockings were entirely cut oflt" by the crust of the snow, and her
limbs and ankles were profusely bleeding. Carefully wrapping
her clothing around her feet and body, and folding her babe to her
warm bosom, she again implored Divine protection, and committed
herself to Him who she felt must be her great deliverer. Her
faithful dog had not deserted her, and this night would lie
down just wdiere she bade him; sometimes on her feet and limbs,
and then at her back, as she desired, seeming to realize that this
was necessary to keep her from freezing. During the night ten
inches of snow fell, and the wind howled fiercely through the leaf-
less branches. From sheer exhaustion she at last fell asleep.
When she awoke in the morning she heard chickens crowing and
dogs barking at the foot of the mountain, so near was she to a
house. She thought also, that she heard the people feeding their
cattle, and called loud and long for relief; but none came, the
wind, which was from that direction, preventing her voice from
reaching them. This morning she found that her limbs were
greatly swollen, and the skin in many places broken.

This discovery pierced her to the heart, and having abandoned
all further hope of rescue, she laid her babe upon the frozen snow,
and made her peace with God, in preparation for the horrible death
she felt awaited her; but the thought of leaving her babe was more
than her mother's heart could bear, and when it began to weep the
mother's love asserted itself, and again folding it to her breast, she
resorted to the expedient of pinning the child's bonnet to the dog's
neck, and sending him to solicit assistance. The faithful animal, as
if perfectly understanding what was wanted, started off at once,
and was afterward tracked to the nearest house, thence to a mill;
but it being Sabbath-day, and extremely cold, the dwellings were
all closed, no one saw him, and in an hour or two he returned to
his mistress.

At feeding time in the afternoon, she again began calling, and a
man on the top of a stack of hay heard her, and told his wife that

882 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

he heard a noise at the top of tlie mountains hke a person in dis-
tress, and later visited a neigiibor, and tokl him the same, to which
the latter replied that " he supposed it was only a panther."

This night was spent in communion with God, and in anxiety for
the safety of her child. Her dog, as on the previous night, lay pre-
cisely where directed by his mistress, and this, with her covering of
snow, prevented her from freezing.

On Monday morning, she commenced calling the third time for
help, and a man (who proved to be an acquaintance) feeding his
flock, heard her voice, as also did his wife in the house, who re-
marked to her husband : " If Polly Bohrer were near, I should say
it was her voice."

James Smith and John Mclntyre mounted their horses, and, with
their guns, started to the relief, but w^ere unfortunately led in the
wrong direction, by the echoes of Mrs. Bohrer's voice from a neigh-
boring hill, and returned in the afternoon from a fruitless search;
but as they were stabling their horses, Mr. Smith again heard the
wail of distress. The sun was about an hour high, and the long,
lingering beams from the far horizon upon the suow-clad wilds, in-
spired feelings of the deepest gloom and solitude when they started
again.

The feeble cr}^ of the perishing woman had ceased. But just as
they were about choosing a wrong direction, impressed with a mys-
terious feeling that one more effort would bring her assistance, she
called again, and her voice led them to her.

But here a new difficulty presented itself. Her clothing was
frozen fast to the ground, and in her almost lifeless condition she
was powerless to extricate herself, and the dog, for some time, re-
fused to let the men approach, but was finally pacified.

Until now she had not shed a tear; but the hope she had aban-
doned of again meeting her friends and loved ones in this life, re-
kindled within her as she realized that deliverance was at hand, and
she poured forth copious tears of joy and thanksgiving. She was
speedily conveyed to the nearest house, where she soon became un-
conscious, and remained in this condition twenty-four hours. The
flesh fell from her limbs in many places, and she lost some of her
toes, which prevented her from walking till the following August.
The horse failing to return home, her husband supposed she had
reached her destination safely, and her parents were unaware of
the intended visit.

MARION TOWNSHIP. 883

Horatio Walker, Daniel Beates, Samuel Coover, George Slaugh-
ter, Joseph and Jonathan Bi'yan, Avere all early settlers in Marion,
locating in clitterent portions of the township. Walker came from
Virginia, and settled on land now owned hy the wndow McRea, in
G. Reinck's survey, number 6521. Beates, by nativity a jSTew Jer-
sey man, came to Marion from Virginia, and settled on land now'
owned by James Dick, in Dunlap's survey, number 10412. Slaugh-
ter emigrated from Delaware to Marion, and settled on land now
owned by the heirs of James McRea. Coover was born in Penn-
sylvania, and came to Ross County, from Kentucky, in 1812, and
and from there to Marion early in the settlement of this territory.
He at lirst engaged in his trade, of tailoring, but subsequently en-
tered into land speculations, and being a man of some means, aided
many of the pioneers of Marion to obtain homes. He had accu-
mulated quite a fortune at his death, which occurred in 1830.
Bryan settled on Paint Creek, near the line of Wayne, where he
passed a long and useful life, in farming and stock raising.

Charles Beatty, came from Hampshire County, Virginia, proba-
bly as early as 1818, and settled on land bought of Samuel Dew,
Dew's survey, number 4729, which is now in possession of Wil-
liam Clark.

James Manary, was born in Pennsylvania, in about the year
1775, and when two years of age, removed with his parents to Ken-
tucky. At the age of twelve, he removed to Ross County, Ohio.
His father, James H., settled on the North Fork of Paint, four
miles west of what is now known as Chillicothe. He helped to
lay out the village, and was the first representative of Ross.

During the war of 1812, he served as general, and the subject of
this sketch as major, of the militia, which guarded the frontier.
The elder Manary died in Ross County.

In 1813, he married Catharine Elliott, whose parents were early
settlers of Ross, and lived near Bourneville. Immediatelj' after
their marriage, they settled on the farm in this township, now
owned by their son, James H., in a large double log house. The
bride's parents settled on the adjoining farm, now owned by their
grandson, B. Elliott.

Mr. Manary made farming and stock raising his life business.
He was elected associate judge, and served his term to the full
satisfaction of the people. His wife bore him six children, of
which Joseph H., is the only one living. She was a devoted mem-

884 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

ber of the Bloomiugbnrg Presbyterian Church, and departed this
life iu about 1830.

Some years later, he was married to Mrs. Rebecca Gibson, nee
Beatty, daughter of Charles Beatty, of this county, who lived on
the farm now occupied by William Clark. She bore him three
children. He was one of the original members of the Blooming-
burg Presbyterian Church, and elder from the organization of the
same to his death, always an indefatigable worker in the Lord's
vineyard.

Thomas Cook, sen., was born and married in Delaware, and came
to this state in 1807 or 1808, settling in Frankfort, Ross County.
He next removed to this township, and located on a tract of land
now owned by Hezekiah Brown, then removed to Indiana, where
he died. It is quite probable that he participated in the war of
1812.

His son, George B,, was born in Delaware, in about 1806, and
accompanied his parents to this state. He was married, to Hester
Ann, daughter of Daniel Bates, who emigrated from Virginia, in
about 1808, and who served in the war of 1812, They had three
children : Daniel, Jane, and Thomas J., all living. The mother
died when the latter was quite young. The father still resides in
Iowa.

Moses Thompson emigrated from England to Delaware, in 1720,
where he purchased a large tract of land. He served in the Revo-
lutionary war, under 'General Washington. His sons, John, Mo-
ses, Jesse, Thomas, and Joshua, emigrated to Ohio, in 1805.
Thonias, the subject of this sketch, was born in Delaware, Sep-
tember 21, 1771, where he married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard
and Ann Sawyer, and who was born in England, May 28, 1768.
They had one child, Thomas jr., born June 7, 1804. Mrs. Thomp-
son died. January 27, 1820. She had been previously married to
a Mr. Wells, by whom she had two children. Mr. Thompson was
twice married afterwards, his wives names being respectively : Mrs.
King, and Mrs. A-^anDyke.

Mr. Thompson came to Fayette County, and settled in Marion
Township, on Compton's Creek, on land now owned by W. Coke
Thompson. Being a local preacher, in the Methodist Episcopal
Church, his house was the stopping place for all the ministers who
chanced to pass that way. He resided on this farm until his death,
which occurred March 19, 1847.

MARION TOWNSHIP. 885

His son, Thomas, came with the family to this township, and
married Ann Hawkins, daughter of David and Jane (Clevenger)
Hawkins. David Hawkins died, December 14, 1838, aged tifty-two
years, five montlis, and twenty-nine days, and his wife was born,
October 12, 1789, and died in her forty-first year. She was the
daughter of Aden Clevenger, who was born in Tennessee, and took
an active part in the Revolutionary war, then removing to this
township, and died here, June 13, 1829.

The mother of David Hawkins came from Virginia, a widow
with a family, and settled in Ross County, near T>vy Run, then re-
moving to this township, located on the North Fork of Paint.

The marriage of David Hawkins, with Miss Clevenger, resulted
in ten children : Sarah, Mary, Amanda, Ann, Elizabeth, Susan, La-
vina, David, Jane, and Aden. Mary, Susan, Lavina, and Jane, are yet
living; the first three in Iowa, and the latter here. Elizabeth went
to California by overland route, and died after her arrival.

Ann Hawkins was born August 29, 1813. Her marriage to
Thomas Thompson, jr., was blessed with eight children : John
David, Aden S., Clay, Coke, Elizabeth, Charlotte, and Sarah.

Mr. and Mrs. Thompson were members of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church, and died triumphantly. She, January 17, 1861, and
he, February, 1877. His remains repose in the old Salem Ceme-
tery, where all the deceased members of the family are buried.

He accumulated considerable property, and at his death owned
over seven hundred acres of land, in and around the homestead,
and in addition, possessed lands in Iowa and Missouri.

Elihu D. Scott, came from Ross County, in 1827, and located on
land bought of William j^ewman, owned by Smith Chafiin, where
he remained until about 1847, when he removed to Van Wert
County, where he died.

Benjamin Glaze, son of George and Catharine Glaze, who emi-
grated from Pendleton County, Virginia, to Ross County, Ohio, in
1818, thence to Union Township, Fayette County, near Blooming-
burg, in 1817, was born in Pendleton County, Virginia, in 1805,
and came with his father's family to Union Township, remaining
at home until the age of twenty-six, when he married Sarah,
daughter of John Core, of Ross County, on whose farm he lived
until 1829, when he purchased two hundred and fifty acres of wild
land, of Thomas Carey, in the Ladd and Norvell survey, number
9128, now owned by J. C. Glaze, his son, and Allen McCoy.

886 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

He afterwards added iive hundred acres to this, which at his
deatli was divided among his five children : John, Solomon, Ben-
jamin, Isaac, and Catharine.

Mr. Glaze was the founder of the United Brethren Church, in
Marion, and his life was that of a pure Christian ; his generosity
hecoming proverbial. His death occurred, August 21, 1862, and
that of his wife, August 6, 1864.

The following obituary was read by Rev. Mr. Davis, pastor of
New Holland Methodist Episcopal Church, at the funeral of an es-
teemed pioneer of Marion, Mr. William Strope :

William Strope was born in the State of Pennsylvania, May 1,
1805 ; died in N'ew Holland, Ohio, at two o'clock on the morning
of July 13, 1881, aged seventy-six years, two months, and twelve
days.

He came to Ohio when about eight years old, and for about sixty
years, until within a few months of his death, was a resident of
Marion Township, Fayette County.

He removed to ISTew Holland, where he is well known, a ±ew
months ago, expecting restfully and peacefully to spend there the
last few years of his life. But years longer were not for him, but
instead months of unrest and pain, and the breaking down of his
remarkably vigorous constitution.

Mr. Strope was twice married; first, early in life, when only
about seventeen years of age, to Miss Nancy Blue, who died in
1848; the second time, in 1854, to Eliza Brown, his now bereaved
widow. He was the father of twelve children, six sons and six
daughters, and twenty-two grand-children. Three sons and three
daughters preceded him in death.

As testimony to the esteem in which Mr. Strope was held by his
neighbors, as an honorable and upright citizen, I mention the fact
that for thirty-eight years he held the oflace of justice of the peace
in the township in which he lived. For a number of years he was
an acceptable member of the order of Masons. He was never a
member of any church, and was somewhat reticent on that subject,
except a few expressions toward the last.

I have been told that kind attention to his family was character-
istic of Mr. Strope, and rarely have I witnessed such unwearied at-
tention and sacred devotion to every wish and want of a suftering,
dying husband and father, as I have seen, and been affected by it,
in this the case of my near neighbor. When you asked me to

MARION TOAVNSHIP. 887

pray, as I did but a few niinntes before the end, when we did all
that could be done in the presence of God in that chamber of death,
by the dimly burning lamp, committing unto God, who gave it, the
departing spirit of your aged father, and the companion with whom
you (Mrs. Strope) have walked for more than a quarter of a cen-
tury, I knew and felt how it was rending your hearts. Let us think
that God, who knows best of all the inmost hearts of men, under-
stood him when he said, several weeks ago, that he had tried to
make his peace with his God, and that a divine whisper to his soul,
unheard by us, assured him that if a man die, he shall live again.

CHURCHES.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

In 1814, the first church society was organized in Marion. It
was a Methodist Episcopal Church organization, and took place at
the house of George Newman's, where services were held for a
period of perhaps two years, then changed to the house of George
Bohrer, where they were continued till 1818, when a hewed log
church, called Salem Chapel, was erected on a lot donated by
Fleming Twiford, in Eggleston's survey, No. 7,359, for church and
burial services. Rev. Bacon was perhaps the first minister that
first preached to this society. The Salem burial ground is the
oldest within the township. This church was burned in 1822 or
1823, but was shortly afterward re-built on the site of the former
building.

Among the first ministers that occupied the Old Salem Church,
was the celebrated Heniy T. Bascom.

In 1833, this church was transferred from the Deer Creek Cir-
cuit to the Old Washington Circuit, and was occupied till about
1853.

The early members of this society, embraced the best citizens
of the township ; among whom were the following names : Jona-
than Shepherd and family, Horatio Walker and family, Abel Loyd
and family, Thomas Loyd and family, Thomas Holland andfamil}-,
George Borher and family, Esq. Twiford and family, John Grub
and famil}^, James Tall man and wife, Borton Anderson, and Mary
McClure.

888 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH.

In 1831 or 1832, a United Brethren society was organized at the
dwelling of David Turnipseed, and services were held at the dif-
ferent houses of the congregation till 1850, when Otterbeiu Chapel
was built, about one-fourth of a mile northeast of Compton Creek,
on what is now the Waterloo pike. This society went down dur-
ing the war, and the building remained unoccupied till the spring
of 1881, when a Methodist Episcopal organization was effected at
this church, where occasional services are now held.

CHRISTIAN OR DISCIPLES CHURCH.

Since the dissolution of the United Brethren society, at Otter-
bein, in 1862, the Christian, or Disciples Church, near 'New Hol-
land, has been the principal, and we may add, the only religious
organization in Marion, till the Methodist Episcopal organization
at Otterbein in 1881. The following is from Fuller Hess, of Wash-
ington, formerly a resident of Marion :

"The Christian, or Disciples Church, near New Holland, was
organized under peculiar and trying circumstances.

"In 1837, I emigrated from Pennsylvania, and settled near New
Antioch, Clinton Count}', where there was a flourishing organiza-
tion of the Disciples ; but having been brought up in the Baptist
faith, and cherishing the prejudices common then among the re-
ligious bodies against the 'Campbellites,' as we were pleased to
denominate them, I felt it my peculiar mission, to lead these people
into the light. The New Testament had been my school book, and
thinking I possessed a fund of information on the doctrines then
taught, our arguments were lengthy and sometimes tinged with
bitterness; but I generally found them prepared with a 'Thus
Saith the Lord ' to back each argument they presented, and the
consequence was it took only about one year to knock all my ex-
treme orthodox notions out of me, and I soon became as zealous in
defense of their doctrines as I had formerly been in their denun-
ciation.

" In the spring of 1839, 1 moved to Compton Creek, this county,
a perfect stranger in the community, but found the people gener-
ous, hospitable and likewise congenial; except in the discussion of
our religious differences.

iO.

4€liZ/'

'^2^;

MARION TOWNSHIP. 889

" The United Brethren liad a small organization in my neighbor-
hood, and held their services in a school house one-half mile dis-
tant from my dwelling, and near the present situation of Otterbein
Chapel. Believing their doctrines did not agree with the teachings
of the Book, I wrote Elder James Vandovort, of Antioch, to come
u[) and give us a meeting, lie came two or three times and preach-
ed on each occasion ; but finally the feeling became so intense
against us that the school directors forbade us the use of the school
house; This obstacle, however, was easily surmounted. Having a
lot of lumber'on hand for the purpose of building a barn, myself
and hired man at once set to work to erect a temporary place of
Avorship, Avhich was soon accomplished by arranging logs at proper
distances, and laying plank transversely across the same for seats,
and planting forks, in which we laid poles covered by green bush for
shade. vSaniuel Mathews preached, and we had an excellent meeting.

" Up to this time, a period of five or six years, I had fought the
battle alone, but finally prejudice yielded her sway to some extent
in the neighborhood, and some of the best men of the township —
among whom were G. C. Gamble, A. G. Wood, and Henry Bryant
— ;]oined me in my one-sided warfare, the former being the first per-
son immersed into the church.

'' In 1850, the United Brethren, with the help of the community,
built Otterbein Church, in which they were kind enough to allow
us to hold meetings occasionally, but finally this privilege was
denied us. Samuel Mathews preached for us monthly, from per-
haps 1854, holding services at the different school houses, and at
the residences of the members, till in 1856, he effected a small or-
ganization at Durham's school house, and in 1858, l!^. li. Furgeson,
of New Holland, now a resident of Kansas City, Missouri, donated
the society a lot in Marion, one-fourth of a mile north of New
Holland, the east side of which, however extends to Pickaway
County line, on which G. C. Gamble, A. G. Wood, Henry Bryant,
and myself, with a little outside help perhaps, built the present
frame church occupied by the Christians. After its erectionj Sam-
uel Mathews preached for us^ perhaps eight years, who has since
been succeeded by the following gentlemen, in the order named:
T. C. Gawin, J. C. Irvin, and J. P. Ewing (the present minister),
each of whom has a warm place in the hearts of the members.
The society now numbers two hundred, and its power for good has
l)ccn felt by the whole community.

890 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

"But I should have said that the religious differences existing be-
tween the members of our society in its early days, and those that
surrounded us, never in the least disturbed our fraternal social re-
lations, as the following will instance :

"At the completion of the Otterbein Church, in the fall of 1850,
the Brethren held their General Conference at that place, and I en-
tertained four of their ministers at my house during the entire ses-
sion. Among the delegates to this conference, was a colored repre-
sentative from some portion of the district, and as prejudices against
the colored people were strong in those days, the perplexing ques-
tion of who should entertain the colored brother presented itself;
but my wife helped them out of this dilemma by agreeing to take
him herself, which was accordingly done."

SABBATH SCHOOLS.

UNITED BRETHREN.

The first Sabbath-school was organized at Otterbein Chapel, in
1851, at the completion of that church, and was continued till the
expiration of the church organization at that place, in 1862.
Thomas Roseboom was probably the first superintendent.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL.

At the organization of the Methodist Episcopal society of this
church, in 1881, a Sabbath-school was also organized, with J. K.
Barrett as superintendent.

CHRISTIAN.

The New Holland Christian Sunday-school w^as organized June
14, 1874. Volunteer superintendents: Eev. Irvin, then pastor of
the Christian Church, and Daniel Morgan ; secretary: J.Vlerebome;
teachers: Jennie Ylerebome, Ella Johnson, Elizabeth Johnson,
Jennie Elder, Mr. Highland, Mr. Morgan, and Mr. Johnson. The
average attendance for 1874-75 was seventy-five. In 1876-77 the
average attendance was sixtj^-five.

MARION TOWNSHIP. 891

The school was re-organized March 16, 1878, Avhen tlie following
officers were elected: Gideon Gamble, superintendent; George
Matson, assistant superintendent; J. B. Parke, secretary; I). Mor-
gan, treasurer. No account of the organization in 1879 is given.

May 2, 1880, J. H. Ilarland was elected superintendent; G. H.
•Matson, assistant; Eden Parker, treasurer; John Parker, secretary;
Allie Dunlap, organist; Brollier VanPelt, chorister. Average at-
tendance for the year, forty-five.

Officers elected April 17,1881: Mr. Matson, superintendent; Mr.
Morgan, assistant; Mattie Haney, secretary; Eden Parker, treas-
urer ; John Parker, chorister ; Jennie Kearney, librarian ; Ellsworth
Matson, assistant; Ada Johnson, organist; Mr. Morgan, J. B. Par-
ker, Jennie Kearney, Mrs. Matson, and Mrs. Timnions, teachers.
Average attendance, forty -five.

The school was started in 1870, by J. C. Irvin and D. Morgan ;
but in the absence of necessary aid, it was deemed best to efltect no
organization, and thus there were no chosen officers for several
years, the school being conducted alternately by Messrs, Morgan
and Irvin. The attendance at the outset was greater than it is at
present, though the school is quiet, prosperous, and attentive in 1881.

MILLS.

Adam Turner built a saw and grist-mill on Compton, on his own
land, in 1818, which was the first and only water mill ever built in
Marion, and which he operated perhaps twenty years. After his
removal to Indiana, the mill was run by John Cooper for some
years, when William Lucas took charge and continued a short time.

SCHOOLS.

The first school in Marion w^as taught by James Webster, father
of Bryce Webster, in the winter nof 1812, in a cabin built for a dwell-
ing, on the southwest side of the Springfield and Chillicothe road,
near where John Johnson now^ resides.

Xear this, on the opposite side of the road, a small, round log

892 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

school house was built, in the summer of 1813, and was occupied
that winter by Mr. Webster, as teaclier, when it was abandoned,
and in 1811 another building w^as erected, not more than half a
mile distant, on land belonging to Adam Turner, which was occu-
pied by Webster probably four or live years.

PHYSICIANS.

James F. Wilson was the lirst physician who located permanent-
ly at New Holland, and practiced in this township. He was born
ill Buckskin Township, Ross County, Ohio, October 5, 1808; read
medicine with Dr. Robbins, of Greenfield, and was granted a
diploma by the county society. In 1832, he located in New Hol-
land village, and five years later married Miss Letitia Dunlap. In
1841, he attended lectures, and graduated at the Ohio Medical Col-
lege of Cincinuati. Returning to New Holland, he soon acquired
an extensive practice, which was continued until his death, January
21, 1875.

Dr. Wilson was a prominent member of the Masonic order, hav-
ng attained to the higher degrees. His funeral obsequies were
conducted under the auspices of the fraternity. His widow still
lives near New Holland, in this township. But one child blessed
their union, John Milton, late United States consul to Germany,
and now consul-general at Panama, South America.

POST OFFICES.

Marion Township has never had but one post-office. This was
established at the tannery of Amor Lloyd, in 1851, but was discon-
tinued in one year. Lloyd was postmaster.

BLACKSMITHS.

In 1840, Daniel Turnipseed started a blacksmith shop near where

.MARION TOWNSHIP. 898

Otterbeiu Church now stands, on hind now owned by Benjamin
Ghize, where he carried on business four or live years.

Hatch Garrison opened a shop in 1865, on the land of Cliarles
McRea, and continued two years.

TANNERIES.

John Myers, in about 1820, started a tannery, aiul continued
business several years.

In 1845, Amor Llo3'd built a tannery on his own land, near Otter-
l)eiu Churcli, which he carried on for ten years, when he sold his
farm to Thomas Thompson, who closed the tannery.

FIRST ELECTION.

The first election in Marion after its organization, was held at
the house of John McArthur, July 18, 1840, John P. Blue, Ralpli
Durham, and D. Peniwell being appointed judges, and AVilliam S.
AVilliams and William Peniwell acting as clerks. The result of
this election was as follows :

Trustees, Ralph Durham, Jacob Roades, and Benjamin Glaze ;
treasurer, Smith ChaiRn; clerk, William S. Williams; justices.
Amor Lloyd and George Mantle; overseers of poor, Benjamin An-
derson and Thomas Carev.

FIRST MEETING OF TRUSTEES.

The first meeting of the trustees of Marion took place March 1,
1841.

PROCEEDINGS.

Division of the township into four road districts and six school
districts.

894 History of fayette county.

Their settlement at this meeting shows the expenses of the town-
ship from Jnly 25, 1840 (time othcers were quahfied), to March 1,
1841, to have been as follows:

To William Hankins, for use of honse for election purposes, $4,

To Benjamin Glaze and Ralph Durham, for services as trustees,
$3 each, and to Jacob Roades, |2.

To William S. Williams, for stationer}', and for services as clerk,
15.50.

To George Strigler, for services as judge of justice election, |1.

To Charles zjlackmore, for services as clerk of justice election,
$1. Total, $19.50.

PRESEI^T OFFICERS OF MARIOK.

At the spring election, April 4, 1881, the followuug officers were
chosen :

Trustees, Marion Strope, Nathan Louderman, and Jonathan
Chaffin; treasurer, C. C. McRea; clerk, J. Z. Outright; justices, W.
B. Pursell and Byron Crabtree; constable, William Evans.

LEVEES FOR 1881.

At a meeting of the trustees, March 12, 1881, the following levies
were made :

For township purposes, |800; for bridge fund, $100; for turn-
pike fund (for repairs of roads), $500; school funds (tuition pur-
poses), $150; contingent purposes, $200.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

EDWARD BAIIAN,

Edward Bahan, son of Edward Bahan, sr., native of Ireland, was
born in Kings County, Ireland, April 18, 1824, about forty-five

MARION TOWNSHIP. 895

years ago, crossed the ocean, witli his widowed mother, four sis-
sers, and three brothers. They crossed the briny deep in twenty-
one days. They remained in iS'ew York nine years, then came to
Fayette County, wdiere he has since resided — about thirty years.

November 8, 1853, he was married to Hannah, daughter of Darby
and Honora Ring, a native of Ireland. They have had twelve
children, of whom nine are living : James, Eliza, Mary Ann,
Nannie, Bridget, Margaret, Peter, Nellie, and Katie; they also
adopted Jolm Hurley, and raised him from infancy. The deceased
are two infants, and Edward. Eliza is the wife of AVilliam Foley
and resides in Pickaway County. Mary Ann teaches school to the
great satisfaction of her employers. She has a bright mind, and
during the recent year, taught ten months, successively, without
missing a school day.

Mr, Bahan and wife are members of the St. Coleman's Catholic
Church, at Washington. He is a Democrat, but does not expect
office. He owns one hundred acres of land on the Glaze tract,
nicely improved. He has a tile factory, the only one in the town-
ship, which he started six years ago, and makes a large quantity of
tile, a sufficient guarantee of good work.

NATHANIEL BLACKMORE.

Nathaniel Blackmore, son of Charles Blackmore, who was born
in Pennsylvania, May 12, 1784, married Rebecca Farrel, who bore
him eleven children : Our subject, James, Thomas, John Joseph,
Charley, Violette, Catherine, Nellie, Sarah, and Elizabeth ; several
are deceased. Nathaniel, Charles, and Sarah, are known to be liv-
ing. The family removed here in 1820, landing at Washington, in
the month of April.

The senior Blackmore was a farmer by occupation, and died in
July, 1865. His wife preceeded him to the grave, in about 1861.

Mr. Blackmore was born, October 31, 1806, in Beaver Count}',
Pennsylvania, and came to Fayette County, with his parents, and
has lived here since, devoting himself to farming and carpentering,

In 1827, he married Nancy Boggs, of Pennsylvania, and by her
had five children : Nancy Jane, Austin, Joseph, Charles, and Emily
Jane. Austin lives in Clinton County. Three of the others died
of milk sickness, as did the mother also. She departed this life,
July 9, 1846. Herself and three children passed away in seventeen
days, a sad occurrence.

89G HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

December 31, 1847, Mr. Blackrnore was married to Mary Ann
Cripps, daughter of Henry Crip[>s, a native of Cumberland
County, Pennsylvania, but latterh^ of Ross County, Ohio.
She was previously married to Josiah Grove, and by him had three
children : Henry JVIartin, Mary M., and Simon C. The union of
Mr. and Mrs. Blackmore was blessed by four children: Nancy
Jane, George, Ella, and William C. ; all living.

His son Joseph, participated in the late war, enlisting in the 60th
O. V. I., and contracted a sickness, from which he died in the hos-
pital, at Baltimore. He had a weak constitution, and was scarcely
able to bear the hardships of a soldiers' life, but with truie devotion,
offered his life at his country's altar.

Henry and Simon, sons of Mrs. Blackmore, by her first husband,
also shouldered the gun at the first call. The former was in the
Zouave service, 54th Ohio, and was killed at Vicksburg. The latter
died of disease contracted while in the service.

Gladly do we. enroll on these pages the names of our heroic
young men whose spirits have long since been wafted to that
brighter home, where scenes of violence and bloodshed will never
be seen.

Mrs. Blackmore is a member of the Bloomingburg Presbyterian
Church. He is a Republican, and owns one hundred and eighty-
eight acres of land, at the Junction of the Bloomingburg and Hol-
land, and Columbus pikes, and farms to grain and stock.

JEFFERSON T. BLOOMER.

Jefferson T. Bloomer, son of Elijah Bloomer, was born in this
township, near Pisgah [school house, February 21, 1849, Avhere
he was reared and has lived since, except a six years sojourn in
the west. He went to Indiana, in 1868, and returned in the spring
of 1875.

November 3, 1874, he was married to Sarah Jane, daughter of
James Taylor, and a native of Crawford County, Ohio. Their
union has been blessed by three children : Elijah Taylor, Chaun-
cey, and Kate ; all living.

He was not old enough to participate in the war, but had four
brothers in the service, nearly four years. He owns two hundred
acres of well improved land, on which he raises grain and stock.
He is the son of an old pioneer, a good neighbor, and respectable

MARION T0WN8IIIP. 89V

citizen, lie is ii Ivepiibliciui in politics, and has iieid tlie office of
supervisor.

JOSEPH BRITTON.

Joseph Britton, son of Joseph Britton, now deceased, was born
in this township, April 6, 1837, where he was reared and has since
resided. In the spring of 1866, he was married to EHzabeth W.
Tod, wlio bore him two chiklren: Ida and Willard. She was a
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and departed this life,
July 30, 1871. Mr. Britton was again married, November 28, 1871,
to Anna Hess, by whom he had two children : Aulta and Mertie.
She is a member of the Christian Church.

In August 22, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, 114th O. V. I., as
a private. He also served as corporal. He was out three years,
returning in the fall of 1865. He participated in the battles of
Vicksburg, Arkansas Post, and Mobile, and was a gallant and brave
soldier. At Vicksburg he was exposed to the rain six days and
nights, thereby contracting lung troubles, from which he has never
fully recovered. He is a Republican.

He owns two hundred acres of land, on the Washington and
Circleville pike, two miles west of New Holland, all well improved.
He farms principally to grain, and raises some stock.

GIBSON BRITTON.

This gentleman was a son of Joseph Britton, and was born, Oc-
tober 15, 1833, in this township, where he was reared, and was mar-
ried, August 25, 1854, to Samantha, daughter of Jonathan Bryant,
Avho was born in this township. Their union was blessed by five
children : Letitia, married to Joseph Koch, and resides in Wayne
Township; Emma, Mar}' Alma, William L., and Ahnor, now de-
ceased. In 1854 he settled on his farm, and began improving the
same. He died in the spring of 1865. Several of his brothers
were in the late war, and did good service. His widow and unmar-
ried children occup}' one hundred and tifty acres of land, nicely im-
proved. They raise more grain than stock.

IIEZEKIAII BROWN.

Hezekiah Brown, farmer, is a son of Hezekiali Brown, a native

898 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

of Virginia, who came in about 1820, and settled on land now
owned by bis sons in this township. He devoted himself to farm-
ing, and died in January, 1877, at the good old age of eighty-five.
Ilis wife still lives in this township.

Our subject was born in August, 1844, on this farm, where he
has always lived and followed farming for a livelihood. In 1868
he married Parmelia, daughter of Otho Lyons, of this township,
who bore him two children : Owen Newton and Orville Guy. Mrs.
Brown is a member of the Christian Church. He is a member of
'New Holland Lodge, No. 392, F. & A. M. ; is a Democrat, politi-
cally ; owns one hundred and fifty-nine acres of land on the
Bloomingburg pike, which is well improved, and farms to grain
and stock.

BENJAMIN BROWN.

Benjamin Brown, farmer, a son of Hezekiah Brown, was born
in September, 1843, on the old homestead, in this township, where
he was reared, and has lived since. He was married, January 3,
1867, to Louisa Anna, daughter of J. B. Cutwright. Their union
was blessed by eight children : Delia, Minnie, Henry, Frank,
Mattie, Florence, Fannie, and Benjamin; Frank has passed away.
Mr. Brown is a member in good standing of JSTew Holland Lodge,
No. 392, F. & A. M. ; is a Democrat, and has been since childhood;
has held the office of township trustee. He owns one hundred
and seventy-three acres of land, on the Waterloo road, in a good
state of cultivation, and raises grain and stock successfully.

MRS. CATHARINE CARDER.

Mrs. Catharine Carder, daughter of Peter and Christina Mouser,
was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, February 4, 1809. Her
father's birthplace was on the South Branch of the Potomac.
He came to this state about 1805, and settled in Pickaway County.
Her mother's maiden name was Hoffman ; she was born February
5, 1776. Her father and mother were married in the State of Vir-
ginia. Our subject was born on what is well known as the Mouser
farm. She had three brothers and three sisters, all of whom lived
to have families ; but none are alive at present, except William,
who lives on Deer Creek, and Mrs. Carder.

MARION TOWNSHIP. 899

She was married to Peter Carder, at her father's residence, De-
cember 25, 1827, and settled oil a farm four miles northeast of AVash-
ington C. H., where by economy, industry, and good management,
they accumulated quite a fortune. Mr. Carder died May 17, 1863,
leaving, by will, to Fayette County, a farm of five hundred acres,
upon which the count}' infirmarj' now stands. But few know what
first led Mr. Carder to contemplate such a gift to the county. It is
a well known fact, however, that for many years the colored peo-
ple were not admitted to our county house. This refusal gave rise
to the thought of furnishing the county with a home for all classes.
This Mr. Carder's generosity has done. He provided, in his will,
that the county should pay to Mrs. Carder seven hundred dollars
per annum. She lives in the old homestead, surrounded by all
that is necessar}' to make her comfortable in her declining years.

JAMES M. CLARK.

James M. Clark, farmer, is a son of William Clark, whose sketch
appears elsewhere, and was born June 8, 1855, in the house he now
occupies, where he was reared till fifteen years of age (his mother
having died when he was but eight months old), when he removed
to his father's farm in this township. He received the rudiments
of a common school education, and also attended the Blooming-
burg Academy, and the Wesleyan University, at Delaware.

In the spring of 1877, he removed to his farm, and was married,
December 25, 1879, to TiUie J. PauUin, daughter of U. F. PauUin,
also of this county. She is a member of the Christian Church.
He is a member of Ely Commander}', ISTo. 28, and of I^ew Holland
Lodge and Fayette Chapter, F. & A. M., and is Master of New Hol-
land Lodge, E"o. 392.

He owns fiye hundred and two acres on the Bloomingburg and
New Holland road, most of which is in a good state of cultivation,
and is watered by the North Fork of Paint Creek, which runs
through the farm. He is a Republican in politics, but does not as-
pire to office.

WILLIAM CLARK.

William Clark, farmer, is a son of James Clark, who was born
in Clark's Prairie, Ross County, this state, and married Jemima

r

900 HISTORY OV FAYETTE COUNTY.

Davis, ill that county, who bore him four children : Bodkin, James,
Ehzabeth and William ; Bodkin and Elizabeth died when young.
When our subject was one year old, the family removed to Warren
County, Indiana, where the husband died five years later, and at
the expiration of three years, his wife returned to her parents in
Ross County, She again married, John II, Miller, and died in the
fall of 1876.

Our subject was born August 5, 1829, in Ross County, where he
was reared, except the eight years spent in Indiana, Twenty-six
years ago he came to this county, and located on his son's present
farm, and fifteen years later, came to the farm he now occupies.
He was married, Decendjer 28, 1852, to Julia A., daughter of Wil-
liam Hays, who bore him two sons : James and an infant. She
was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which faith
she died February 27, 1856.

March 3, 1858, he married Margaret A., daughter of James
Rittenour, Their union has been blessed by eleven children.
Those hving are: Julia Ann, William S., Emma, Myra, Bora, Ida,
Margaret, Ellen and Milton. Those deceased, are Martha J, and
Elmer Ellsworth, He and wife are members of the Bloomingburg
Methodist Episcopal Church, and consistent Christians, He is a
member of Bloomingburg Lodge, No. 449, and Fayette Chapter,
F. & A. M,, and Ely Commandery, Knights Templar. He was out
in the Kirby Smitli raid during the late war. He is a Repub-
lican, and was formerly a Whig. He has held the office of county
commissioner one term by election, and an additional 3^ear by ap-
pointment; has lield the office of trustee, treasurer, and other
township offices.

He owns nine hundred and thirty-four acres of land, mostly in a
state of cultivation. The farm on which he now resides is located
on the Bloomingburg and Holland pike; also, owns land on North
Fork of Paint Creek, which adjoins his son's land. He farms to
corn, wheat and stock.

THOMAS J. COOK.

Thomas J, Cook, farmer, is a son of George B, Cook, mentioned
elsewhere, and was born November 13, 1837, on land now owned
by Hezekiali Brown. Owing to the early death of his mother, he

MARION TOWNSHIP. 901

•was reared on the "Dick farm,"' by bis grandparents, Bates, and
lias lived in tbe loeaHty since, devoting biraself to farming.

lie Avas married, September 7, 1864, to Eliza Jane J'lyley, of
Ross County, who bore him two children : William S., and Mary
Alice, both living. She was a member of the Presbyterian Church,
an exemplary Christian, and departed this life May 23, 1881, leav-
ing a fond husband and two children to mourn their irreparable
loss.

Mr. Cook is a member of Xew Holland Lodge, Xo. 892, F. & A.
M., and holds the oliice of treasurer. Is a Democrat, but does not
aspire to office. Owns two hundred acres on the Waterloo and
New Holland road, two and one-half miles from New Holland.
He raises grain and stock, on ti farm well improvijd and nicely cul-
tivated.

BYRON CRx\BTREE.

Byron Crabtree, farmer, is a son of James and Elizaljeth (AVil-
kiuson) Crabtree, and was born August 19, 1833, in Massilon, Ohio.
He was reared in Muskingum County, this state, and married in
Decatur, Illinois, to Mary A. Crawford, who bore him four chil-
dren : Elmus (deceased), Edna, William, and Carrie. He came to
his present farm in March, 1876. It is located on the Circleville
and Washington pike, two and a half miles from New Holland ;
contains one hundred and ninety-eight acres, well improved. He
farms chiefly to grain. Mrs. Crabtree is a member of the Presby-
terian Church. He is a Free and Accepted Mason. During the
war he went out in the one hundred days service. Is a Republican,
and has held the office of justice of the peace in his township.

JAMES G. DUNLAP.

James G. Dunlap, farmer, son of Robert Dunlap, was born Jan-
uary 14, 1833, in Ross County, near Kingston. He spent most of
his life in Pickaway County, and settled on his' present farm nine
years ago,* where he has since lived.

In February, 1872, he was married to Mrs. McRea, nee Nancy
McDill. She had previously been married to Charles McRea, by
wliom she had one son, (leorge, now living. She is a meml>er of
the Christian Church, and an exemplary Christian.

902 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

At the breaking out of the rebellion, Mr. Diinlap enlisted in
Compan}^ G, 2d O. V. I. (three months), and re-enlisted in the
114th O. V. I., in the spring of 1862, remaining in the service till
the close of the war. He enlisted as a private, was promoted to
orderly sergeant, then to first lieutenant, and after the fall of
Vicksburg was commissioned captain of Compan}^ E, in which
latter position he continued till the close of the war. He was also
on Gen. C. C. Andrews' stafi:', in the commissary department. He
participated in a number of dangerous conflicts, such as Champion
Hill, all through the seige of Vicksburg, and came out unhurt.

He occupies two hundred and eighty-four acres of land on the
I^ew Holland and Bloomingburg pike, and farms to grain and
stock. He owns the " Dr. May " property, at New Holland.

GEORGE ' S. FULLERTON.

George S. Fullerton was born in the state of Maryland, May 29,
1814. His father, Thomas, was born in 1780, in Greencastle, Frank-
lin County, Pennsylvania, and married Elizabeth Stewart. The
family came to Fayette County in 1814. They afterwards re-
moved to Pickaway County, where the father died, in 1836.

There were eleven children, all deceased, save George S., who
was married, October 2, 1843, to Margaret J. Smith, of Greenfield,
Ohio; the result of which union was thirteen children, four of
whom are living : Ida, Emma, Frank, and Hattie. Those who
have passed away are : Sarah, Samuel, Margaret, Laura, Mary,
George, Charles, Robert, and William.

Mr. Fullerton acquired his education at home, until he was six-
teen years of age, when he attended a preparatory course at Ox-
ford University. He was compelled to abandon his college course
from failing eye-sight. He accepted a clerkship in the store of Dr.
Stewart, at Bloomingburg, where he remained until 1840, when he
was appointed steward of the Ohio Insane Asylum, where he re-
mained until September, 1849. He next removed to Springfield,
Ohio, and engaged in retailing drugs. In 1850, he removed to
Bloomingburg, this county, and engaged extensively in buying and
selling wool. Having sold his farm in Madison Township, he re-
moved to the ITstick farm, where he still resides.

He served one term as county commissioner, and has been prom-
inently connected with county affairs. He and wife are members

MARION TOWNSHIP. • 903

of the Presbyterian Church. He was elected elder, at Columbus,
in 1842, and has continued in that capacity up to this date.

It was the great object of his life to preach Christ and the resur-
rection, but failing health preventing, he devoted himself in aiding
others to perform this labor of love. A sister spent ten years as a
missionary among the Indians; a brother filled a like office in In-
dia; two other brothers were ministers. All lived holy and died
happy.

In politics, Mr. Fullerton is a Republican, having always been a
firm advocate of anti-slavery measures. A great Sabbath-school
worker, and many of the flourishing Sabbath-schools of this county
owe much to the faithful labors of Mr. Fullerton.

JOHN C. GLAZE.

John C. Glaze, farmer, is a son of Benjatiiin Glaze, who is men-
tioned elsewhere, and was born December 17, 1827, in Ross County,
this state, from whence he came to this township when but two
years of age, and has lived here since, making farming an occupa-
tion.

He was married, January 9, 1853, to Mary, daughter of Edward
Smith, of Union Township, and who was born June 2, 1832. The
nnion Was blessed by three children: Jesse B., born May 27, 1855;
Edward A., born October 25, 1858 ; Charles, born September 16^
1862— all living.

His wife and himself are members of the United Brethren de-
nomination, in which faith his parents died. Politically, he is a
Democrat, and has held the oflices of township trustee, supervisor,
and school director. He owns three hundred and sixty-five acres
of land, on the Glaze road, four miles from Holland, in a good
state of cultivation, which he farms to grain and stock, with good
success. He has devoted himself to farming, and has noted and
assisted in bringing about the great changes in the community, and
is a good neighbor and j-espected citizen.

JOSEPH HARPEK.

Joseph Harper, farmer, deceased, was born in the State of Dela-
ware, Februar}^ 23, 1809, and came to Ross County, Ohio, with his
uncle, Caleb Harper, at the age of twenty-one, his father having

904 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

died when he was but twelve years of age. After arriving in this
country, it was ascertained that his uncle did not require liis serv-
ices, and for some time he performed day labor on surrounding
farms.

In 1834, he came to this township, and settled on a tract of one
hundred acres, now owned by James Brown's heirs, where he re-
mained one year, then removed to the land now owned by his heirs,
which consisted of two hundred and eleven acres, and was pur-
chased of Horatio Walker.

He married Ann Catharine, daughter of Frederick Parrott, who
lived in lioss County, March 21, 1833. This union was blessed by
tive children : One infant, John Wesley, Leonidas, Hamlin, Priscilla
Ann, and Mary, married to John Rodgers. John Wesley and Le-
onidas are deceased.

He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which
faith he died triumphantly, June 22, 1878. His wife was born in
Shenandoah Valley, in 1812, and still lives on the old homestead.
She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at IS'ew Hol-
land, and an exemplary Christian. He was steward and trustee of
the church. The total amount of land now owned by his heirs is
tive hundred and eighty-eight acres, well improved, and in a good
state of cultivation, farming to grain and stock. It is located at
the crossing of the Holland and Waterloo pikes, half-way between
Holland and Bloomingbi'irg.

Mr. Harper was township trustee for several years, and was ad-
ministrator of several estates. Since his death, his heirs have sold
an acre of land to the school district, on which the Harper schoo
house has been located.

J. H. HAYS.

J. II. Hays, farmer, and breeder of short-horn cattle, was born
in Paint Towniship, June 30, 1822, and is a son of William Hays,
sen., born in Kentucky, and now deceased. His mother was born
in Kentucky, and still lives, at the advanced age of eighty-six. He
was born and reared on the farm now owned by his son, George
I). Hays; was married, February 19, 1846, to Amanda, daughter of
Nathaniel Squire, who bore him eleven children, of whoni seven
are living: William, George, Henry, James, Ellen, Martha, and El-
-mira — all married save James and Elmira.

MARION TOWNSHIP. 905

Mrs. Hays died January 24, 1867, and October 12, 1869, he mar-
ried Mrs. Salinda D. Carder. She had one child by her first hus-
band, which is deceased. She is a consistent mendier of the Ger-
man Baptist Chnrch.

Mr. Hays participated in the Morgan raid. He is a Repubhcan,
formerly a Whig; no office seeker. Three years ago he came to
his present farm, located between the Holland and Waterloo pikes,
two miles southeast of Bloomingburg, containing two hundred and
twenty-two acres, well improved, and farms to grain and stock, also
breeds hogs and short-horns. He has divided a one thousand acre
tract, in Paint Township, which embraces the homestead, among
his children.

JOHN JEFFERSON.

John Jelferson, farmer, is a son of Leonard Jefferson, who was
born on the eastern shore of Maryland, and whose father came
from England with six brothers. He was married in Maryland, to
Barbara Nichols, whose ancestors came from Germany, and who
was born September 25, 1781. They had six children: Hamilton,
born January 23, 1808; Elizabeth, born May '20, 1810; Mary Ann,
born February 21, 1813 ; Phoibe, born December 2, 1815 ; William,
born November 22, 1818; John, born November 2, 1821. Mary,
Phcebe, and William, are deceased. Hamilton formerly lived in
Illinois, but now resides in the far West. Elizabeth, widow of
Isaac Fisher, lives in London, Ohio.

The family came to Ross County in 1810, and iu 1812 (during
the war) kept tavern at Slate Mills, under the name of " Rodgers'
Tavern." They removed to this county in 1822, and settled in
•"Madison Township, on a branch of Wolf Run. They took six
teams and men with them, and erected a cabin at once. Wolves
abounded, hence the name of the stream. He was a farmer, a
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a class-leader, and ex-
horter. His wife was a member of the same church, and both were
consistent Christians. He was one of the first of those wlio pro-
hibited the use of whisky at house and barn raisings.

Our subject was born in Ross County, and cahie to this county
with his parents when one year of age. He lived on the old home-
stead forty-five years, and then came to his present home. Was
married, October 31, 1844, to Harriet A., daughter of Robert Gib-

6i

906 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

son, a native of Kentucky. She was born in this township, Ma}^
24, 1821. They had seven chihlren ; tliose living are Robert G.,
Rebecca J., James H., William F., llarley L.; Edgar M., and an in-
fant, are deceased. He displayed his patriotism during the late
war by giving financial aid. He and his family are members of the
Bloomiugburg Presbyterian Church. He is a Republican, but does
not aspire to ofiice. Owns three hundred acres of land on the Co-
lumbus pike, seven miles from Washington. It is adorned by a
handsome residence, and is one of the most desirable farms in the
county. He has lived here many years, and has assisted in making
the many changes.

JOHN JOHNSON, SR.

John Johnson, sr., son of Samuel Johnson, was born in Pendle-
ton County, Virginia, where he married Sallie, daughter of Jacob
Harper, who bore him nine children, six sons and three daughters,
those surviving being : Sallie Ann Stookey, living in New Holland ;
Abbie, widow of William Woods, now residing in Indiana, and
John. The latter was born in 1801, in Pendleton County, Virgi-
nia, and when seven years of age came to this state, with his
parents, and settled in Ross County, then one vast wilderness, with
few white settlements, and chiefly inhabited by Indians. Twelve
years later they came to Fayette County, settling in Marion Town-
ship, and in about 1830, located on the farm now in the possession
of our subject, where his father died; his mother died at the resi-
dence of her son-in-law, in Ross County.

Our subject was married, January 2, 1824, to Nancy Parker, the
result being ten children : Aaron, Jesse, Sarah Ann, Mary J.,
Catherine, and Emily Ann, now living; Mar}^ Ann, Margaret,
Sarah Ann, and Mary Jane, deceased. Jesse resides with his father ;
Aaron lives in New Holland ; Rebecca is now Mrs. Lennox Camp-
bell, and lives in Washington ; Catherine is the wife of Abner
Briggs, and Emma is married to Abner Rowe, of Ross County.

Mr. Johnson has lived on his present farm since the age of
twenty-eight years, and at present owns three hundred and eighty-
five acres of land, well improved, and located on " Johnson's Cross-
ing." He and wife are members of the Pairview German Baptist
Church, and strive to obey the Master's will.

MARION TOWNSHIP. 907

AMOR LLOYD.

Amor Lloyd was born, October 10, 1811, and remained on the
farm until after his marriage, when he removed on land now owned
by Aden Thompson. He married Rosa Ann, daughter of Francis
Tulleys, of Ross County, who bore him eight cliildren; two died
in infancy: Ann Elizabeth died, January 11, 18-47 ; Permelia mar-
ried Isaac Vincent, and departed this life, October 5, 1876. Those
living are: John Milton, who resides in Sebastopol ; Lissa married
Joseph Watts, and removed to Mt. Auburn, Illinois ; Delia and
Bell reside with their mother, on the old homestead,

Mr. Lloyd, while living on the Aden Thompson farm, operated a
tannery in addition to farming, and was engaged in the business
for several years. He attended church regularly, and was considered
a true Christian, and au honest man. He held the office of justice
of the peace for fifteen years, and refused to serve when elected
for the sixteenth year. He went to Missouri to purchase a farm,
where he was taken ill, and soon after arriving home, November
25, 1857, he died. His heirs removed to the old home, where they
still live, and practice his many virtues. They manage the farm,
and raise grain and stock. The deceased daughters were interested
in education, and taught school.

NATHAN LOUDERMAN.

Nathan Louderman, son of Henry Louderman, of whom men-
tion is made elsewhere, was born in 1833, in this county, where he
has since resided. He was married, November 15, 1854, to Eliza-
beth Britton, who bore him one child, Mary Alice, still living.
Mrs. Louderman died, February 11, 1856, and on the 9th of Sep-
tember, 1857, Mr. Louderman married Margaret Large, daughter
of David and Mary Large, by whom he has had two children:
Charles and Jesse. His daughter is a consistent member of the
Christian Church.

Politically, he is a Democrat ; is township trustee, and has held
the office for a period of eight years, except in 1880. He owns one
hundred and seventy-three acres of land, between the Blooming-
burg and Washington pike, about one mile from New Holland.
His farm is well improved, and he raises grain and stock.

908 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

CHARLES C. M CREA.

Charles C. McCrea was born, July 15, 1848, and is a son of Wil-
liam McCrea, who was born in Virginia, in 1810, and came to this
state, with his parents, when ten years old, and settled in Ross
County, Ohio, where his father died, leaving a family of four young
children. He remained at home until of age, when he and his
brother Charles sold their place, and removed to this township, lo-
cating on the farm now owned by Mrs. Dunlap ; engaged in farm-
ing and cattle dealing, and died, July 20, 1854. He was married
to Jane Windsor, who bore him three children : Charles C, Wil-
liam J., and Mary, deceased.

Our subject was reared on his father's farm, and has engaged in
farming and raising stock. He was married, October 8, 1869, to
Maria S., daughter of Alexander McCoy, of this county. Her
parents at present reside in Ross County. Their union was blessed
by five children : Jesse, Bessie, Lncy, Robert, and William; all liv-
ing with their parents.

Mrs. McCrea is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He is a
member of New Holland Lodge, No. 392, F. and A. M., and
has held several offices. Though but sixteen years old, he went
out in the one hundred days service, in the 155th 0. N. G., Colonel
Sage, and was the youngest soldier in the regiment. He is a Re-
publican, politically, and has held ofiice ever since old enou^rh.
He was trustee for some years, and is now serving his fourth term
of township treasurer.

He owns three hundred acres of land on the Circleville pike,
one mile from New Holland. It is well improved, and adorned by
a handsgme residence, and good out-buildings. He farms princi-
pally to grain.

JAMES M'cOLLISTER.

James McCollister, son of James McCollister, a native of Mary-
land, removed to this state when young, and prior to the war of
1812, in which he was a private, settled in Ross County, where he
married Nancy Ann Weaver, a native of Virginia, who bore him
ten children, nine of whom grew to maturity. • Those living are:
Mary, Isaiah, Jesse, William, Ross, Mattie P., Joseph, John, and

MARION ^TOWNSHIP. 909

our subject. Belle is deceased. He died, in 1851 or '52 ; his wife,
who was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, died in
November, 1878.

Our subject was born, October, 1830, in Union Township, Ross
County, where he was reared. He was married, November 30,
1854, to Rachel, daughter of Robert McDill; Their union has been
blessed by three children : Ellie Alice, Seymour, and Charles G.
They have been bereaved by the death of two of these loved ones : .
Ellie Alice, who died, August 8, 1859 ; and Seymour, whe departed
this life, January 26, 1864. He and wife are consistent members
of the Otterbein Methodist Episcopal Church.

During the late war, he went out as a private in Company C,
149th O. Y. I., one hundred days service ; he wxnt to Baltimore,
then through Virginia. His regiment was used for guard duty,
and did good service ; their term of enlistment expired near the
close of the war. He has been a Republican since youth, and has
held the office of constable. He occupies about one hundred and
twenty-five acres of land, and raises corn, wheat, and stock.

SIMEON SHIPLETT.

Simeon Shiplett, farmer, is a son of Rolland Shiplett, a native of
Virginia, who came to this state at the age of twenty-one, settling
in Muskingum County, where he still resides. He married Eliza-
beth Franklin, who bore him twelve children, of whom ten are
living: Nelson, Simson, Lennetta Ann, Alfred, "William, Charles,
Ephriam, George, Elizabeth, Leroy. The deceased are Nathan F.
and Eliza. Both parents are living.

Our subject was born September 15, 1834, in Muskingum Coun-
ty, where he remained till attaining his majority, when he removed
to this county. May, 22, 1856, he married Hester Ann Bates, of
this county. They had seven children : Mary Elizabeth, William"
Austin, Eliza Jane, Johnnie Martin, Simeon R., Bora B., and Effie.
William A., Eliza J., and John M., have passed away.

In 1862 he enlisted in Company K, 90th O. V. I., and remained
till the close of the war, participating in the battles of Stone River,
Chickamauga, Resaca, Franklin, Tennessee, and Nashville. Was
a good soldier, and deserves honorable mention in these pages.

He owns twenty-eight acres of land on the Waterloo and Hol-
land road, mostly in a good state of cultivation. Is a Republican,

910 HISTORY OF EAYETTE COUNTY.

and has held the office of constable for several years. Is a ^

spectable farmer, and ffood citizen.

JOHN W. STOOKEY.

John W, Stookey, farmer, son of Aaron Stookey, was born July
28, 1844, in Ross County, where he was reared. Removed to Pick-
away County, in 1865, and to his present farm in 1869.

Was married to Letitia, daughter of Joseph Britton, December,
1868, the union resulting in three children : Alpheus, Aimer, and
Adie, deceased.

He went out during the war, in 1862, being a private in the 89th
O. V. I., and served till Jnne, 1865. Was wounded at Chicka-
mauga, being shot above the left knee. Upon recovering, he re-
joined his command; while the railroad in the rear of Atlanta was
destroyed, was again wounded, this time in the right hip. Since
1876, he has suffered constantly from the effects of his last wound.
He was a brave soldier, and engaged in some of the most import-
ant battles, such as Chickamanga, Mission Ridge, Charleston,
Peachtree Creek, and Atlanta, After receiving his second wound,
he ^vas compelled to lie in the hospital nearly a year, and suffered
untold agonies for some time after.

He owns eighty-six acres near the Circleville pike, in a good
state of cultivation, and farms chiefly to grain.

MARION STROPE.

I

Marion Strope, farmer, son of William Strope, whose biography
appears in another part of this work, was born March 6, 1847, in
this township, and in the house he now occupies. November 17,
1871, he was married to Missouri Cartright, who has borne him
two children : Henry Veal, and Cora Ellen, both living. Mrs.
Strope is an exemplary member of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
of New Holland. He is a member of New Holland Lodge No.
392, F. & A. M., and at present holds the office of Junior Warden.
During the rebellion he went with Company I, 150th 0. N. G., and
with the regiment was stationed at various points; served as a
private. He is a Republican. Is serving the third successive term
as trustee of this township.

Marion toavnship. 911

LAFAYETTE STROPE.

Lafayette Strope, fanner, is a 80u of William Strope, and was
born in this township, March 17, 1845, where has since lived. He
was married, August 5, 1863, to Ann, daughter of Eichard Bates,
who bore him one child, Dora, and died in J^ovember, 1864, a con-
sistent member of the Christian Church. In April, 1868, he mar-
ried Essa, daughter of Hezekiah Brown. This union resulted in
six children : Charles, Nancy, Clara, Mary E., William, and Inez.
Mrs. Strope is a member of the I^ew Holland Christian Church.

Mr. Strope is a member of ISTew Holland Lodge, F. & A. M. In
August, 1862, he enlisted in Company K, 90th 0. Y. I., and was
with the regiment until the battle of Murfreesboro, when he came
home on a sick furlough, remained about three weeks, then re-
turned and served till March, 1863, when he received an honorable
discharge. He is a Republican, and has served as school director
of his district about ten years.

ADEN SAWYER THOMPSON.

Aden Sawyer Thompson, farmer, and dealer in live stock, is a
son of Thomas Thompson, and was born in this township, Septem-
ber 8, 1839, where he was reared, and has since lived. Obtained
the rudiments of a common school education, and spent two years
at the Ohio Wesleyan University. Taught school nearlj'' two years,
and has since farmed and dealt in stock. He was married, in 1863,
to Emma, daughter of James Alexander, who came to Paint Town-
ship in about 1821. They had two children: Walter and Charles,
the former deceased. Mrs. Thompson was an exemplary member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and departed this life in 1873.
In 1877, he married Nollie Yates, a member of the Christian
Church. She was taken ill soon after marriage, and passed away
in April, 1878.

Mr. Thompson is a member of Bloomingburg Lodge jSTo. 449, F.
& A. M., and Ely Commandery, Knights Templar, of Washington.
He is a Democrat, and has held the office of township trustee, lieu-
tenant of state militia, and land appraiser. He owns one hundred
and eighty-two acres of land, on the Waterloo pike, six miles from
Washington, and farms to grain and stock.

912 HISTORY Of PAYETTE COUNTY.

J. C. TODD.

J. C. Todd, former, is a son of John Todd, who was born in the
State of Delaware, and removed to this state,' settling in Ross
Count}', where he lived several years, then removed to this town-
ship, on land now owned bv Smith Chaflin. Prior to his removal
to this state, he married Ann Morris, who bore him iive children :
Mevinie, Sarah, J. C, Elizabeth, and Liiraina; the two last are de-
ceased. He is deceased, but his wife still lives near JeiFersonville,
and is now Mrs. William Chaffin.

Our subject was born August 28, 1843, in Ross County, and re-
,moved to this county, when quite small, with his parents, where he
has lived to this day, with the exception of seven years, when he
resided in Van Wert Count}'. lie was married, July 29, 1866, to
Martha E., daughter of Otho Lyons. Their union has been blessed
by one boy. Smith J., living at home. He and his wife are active
members of the Otterbein Methodist Episcopal Church, and davout
Christians. He is a member, in good standing, of New Holland
Lodge No. 392, F. & A. M., and is now holding the office of senior
deacon. During the late war, he was out (in 1862) as a private in
Company F,90th 0. Y. L; was promoted to sergeant, and remained
till the close of the war, participating in the battles of Murfrees-
boro, Chattanooga, and in all* the engagements during the last sum-
mer campaign. He was a brave and patriotic soldier, and escaped
without injury. Is a Republican, and has held the office of town-
ship trustee two years, and is at present pike superintendent of Ma-
rion Township. He occupies one liundred and twenty-five acres ou
the George McCrea tract, and raises both grain and stock.

ROBERT W. VINCENT. ' .

Robert W. Vincent, farmer, is a son of Uriah S. Vincent, now
living in Washington, and was born December 26, 1839, in Perry
Township, Pickaway County, where he remained till 1848, when he
came to this township with his parents, locating near New Holland,
on a farm now owned by Smith Chaffin. By occupation he is a
farmer.

He was married, October 29, 1868, to Sarah Ann, daughter of
Thomas Thompson, now deceased. She bore him six children:

MARION TOWNSHIP. 913

Lizzie, Maria, Earl, Emma (deceased), William Coke, and JSTellie.
He is a member of New Holland Lodge No. 329, F. & A, M.
About April 20, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, 13tli O. V. L, in
the three months' service. On the 6th of August, he re-enlisted in
Company A, 1st Ohio Cavalry, with which he remained till Septem-
ber 13, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. He was at the
battles of Winchester, second Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, and
Nashville. The last fight occurred on the 17th of April, 1865, at
Columbus, Georgia. He did good service during the war, and es-
caped unhurt. In politics he is a Republican. He owns one hun-
dred and six acres, on the Woods road, three and one-half miles
from New Holland. His farm is well improved, and in a high state
of cultivation, and farms chiefly to grain.

JAMES F. AVILSON.

A long, honorable, and useful career was that of the late Dr.
James. F. Wilson, of New Holland, Perry Township, Pickaway
County, and his name is revered by a wide circle of friends. His
face was familiar to almost every inhabitant of the western part of
Pickaway and the eastern part of Fayette counties, and there are
thousands who can testify to his professional thoroughness and
ability, and to his intrinsic worth as a man. His was. a character
that won universal respect by its simple dignity, earnestness, firm-
ness, and unvarying integrity. Not a member of any church, he
was yet strongly imbued with the faith of Christianity, and his daily
life put in practice those principles which are its teachings. He
was a liberal supporter of the church, too, and noted for the charity
he bestowed on other objects in many directions, being a kind
friend to the poor and distressed. One of the most noble of his
acts of charity, and one of the strongest indications of his large-
hearted patriotism, was during the war. Many of the men who
enlisted in the companies, which were afterward assigned to the
Ninetieth and One Hundred and Fourteenth regiments, Ohio vol-
unteers, were indebted to him for professional services. To all
such he gave receipted bills; and to all the members of these two
companies, and to other soldiers who went into the war from the
vicinity of his home, the doctor made promises, which he faitlifuUy
fulfilled, to give their families his services free of charge.

James F. Wilson was the son of John and Mary Wilson, who

914 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

immigrated from Kentucky to Ross County, Ohio, about the year
1802. He was born near Chillicothe, October 5, 1808, and his early
years Avere spent upon the home farm. At the age of twenty-one
years, he went to Greenfield, Highland County, and there began
the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. Daniel Robbins.
He was finally, after long and careful reading, granted a diploma
\jy the medical society of the district, and upon thus being author-
ized to practice his profession, immediately removed to i^ew Hol-
land, of which place he was the first resident physician.

Although possessing a fair medical education, he w^as not satis-
fied; and so, after four years' practice, during which time he saved
from his accumulated means the sum necessary to pay his expenses,
he entered the Ohio Medical College of Cincinnati. He graduated
from this institution with a good record, and returned to ]^ew Hol-
land, resuming his practice, and following it all the rest of his life.
His ride was a large one, and his practice as successful and lucra-
tive as the. country could bestow. His professional reputation be
came firmly established early in his career, and he took rank with
the best physicians in the county, and was frequently called upon
to spare time from his professional duties in the immediate neigh-
borhood, to attend councils of physicians in localities at a consid-
erable distance. Dr. Wilson had an enviable reputation as a sur-
geon, as well as a physician, being regarded as one of the best in
this part of the state. He was for a time, during the war, located
at Camp Chase, and in his capacity as surgeon, his services were of
great value.

He bought, in 1850, a fine farm, just over the line, in Marion
Township, Fayette County, and in the western part of New Hol-
land village, which was cleared and improved under his direction,
and transformed from wild wood land into a beautiful agricultural
tract. In 1868, he removed to the house he had provided upon this
farm — the tasteful home, where his widow yet resides.

Dr. Wilson was, for the last twenty years of his life, afliicted with
heart disease, and he died of this malady, January 21, 1875, leaving
a wife and one son. Mrs. Wilson's maiden name was Letitia Dun-
lap, and she was the daughter of James and Elizabeth Dunlap, of
Ross County. She was born May 24, 1816, and married August
31, 1837.

The only son of James F. and Letitia Wilson is John M., one of
Ohio's men of ability and distinction. He was born September 19,

MARION TOWNSHIP. 915

1838. Ill his sixteenth year he attended Antioch College, and re-
mained there four years, under the instruction of the famous Horace
Mann. After President Mann's death, young Wilson entered
Union College, at Schenectady, ]^ew York, where he graduated
with the class of 1862. He read law at Columbus, with the Hon.
Chauncy N. Olds, and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme
Court of Ohio, in 1864, and commenced the practice of his profes-
sion that same year, at Cincinnati, as the senior member of the firm
of Wilson & Champion. He represented Hamilton County two
years — in 1871 and 1873 — in the legislature, and in the latter year,
at the expiration of his term, was appointed, by President Grant,
as consul to Bremen. He remained there, as the representative of
the United States, two and one-half years, and was then appointed
to the consulship at Hamburg, where he remained until July 1,
1879. He is at present consul-general to the Colombian States of
South America, and is located at Panama. He married, December
25, 1866, Carrie R. Turpiii, of JSTewton, Hamilton County, Ohio.

MADISON TOWNSHIP.

Madison Township, situated in the northeast corner of Fayette
Connt}^, was one of the original townships, established at the or-
ganization of the county, in 1810 ; a full description of which will
be seen in the general history of the county.

EARLY SETTLEMENT.

Samuel Myers was born in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania,
June 11, 1776. Subsequently, his father moved to Bottetaurt
Count}^, Virginia, from which Samuel, then thirty years old, came
to Ohio, and settled, August, 1807, on Deer Creek, near the mouth
of DutF's Fork, in this township, on land adjoining the northern
part of the first survey in the count}', Xo. 463, entered in the name
of Thomas Overton, now owned by B. Leavel, then owned by
Jesse McKa}'. After remaining until Januarj', 1816, Myers re-
moved to Compton's Creek, in Paint Township, on land then owned
by Benjamin Huff, now occupied b}' John Rodgers and Robert
Morris, and opened a farm and entered into stock raising, driving
his cattle, after fattening them, on the rich grass, to Lancaster and
Chester counties, Pennsylvania.

At the beginning of the war of 1812, he was commissioned cap-
tain of militia, November, 1811, and responded to the general call.
During the siege of Ft. Meigs, and for gallant conduct, was elected
major in the field.

Mr. Myers represented Fayette County in the General Assembly
of 1813, and again in 1818. He was also a justice of the peace for
thirty years, and taught the first school in Madison Township, near
the present site of Waterloo, in the winter of 1809, walking two
and one-half miles to and from the little hut called a school house.

John Baldwin was born in Virginia, February 21, 1749. He,
early in the struggle for independence of the colonies with England,
espoused the cause of the patriots, and served during the conflict

916

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 917

as captain of a militia company, vhich he himself had raised and
eqnipped. He also paid his men for their service dnring their en-
listment^ which exhausted all of a large fortune. This was re-
turned in the shape of continental money, but its depreciated value,
rendered it almost, if not entirely, worthless.

He received a patent for a large tract of land, in the Virginia
military reservation, which he located partly in Madison County,
and partly in Madison Township, of this county, and is known as
the Wallace-Baldwin survey, No. 9721. In the latter part of 'the
year 1811, he left Virginia to locate on this land, and reached his
destination the last day of that year.

His wife, whose maiden name was Hannah Simmons, died before
he left Virginia. By her he had twelve children : Jonah, Wil-
liam, Thomas, John, Francis, Jachomyer, Betsey, Hannah, Mary,
Margaret, Rebecca, and Martha. He was accompanied from Vir-
ginia by a few of his sons, and one son-in-law, and his other sons
soon followed, all of whom settled on their father's claim, except
Francis, who settled near Vincennes, Indiana, where he married,
and followed his trade, of carpentering, until his death, which was
caused by a wound in the knee, made by an ax.

John and Thomas occupied land in Madison County, and the
former served in the war of 1812.

Jonah settlecl in Madison Township, and built the house now oc-
cupied by his son, Jachomyer. His wife's maiden name was Mary
Bland, whom he married before leaving Virginia, who was born,
August 24, 1783. Seven children resulted from this marriage,
whose names, in the order of their birth, were as follows: John,
Catharine, Hannah, Margaret, Jachomyer, Joseph, Susan, and
Nancy. He died, September 13, 1850, aged seventy-seven years,
live months, and twenty-three days. His wife died, October 16,
1856, aged seventy-three years, one month, and twenty-eight days.

William was born in Virginia, and settled on his father's land,
in Madison, shortly after his father. He married Catharine Berk-
heimer, in Virginia, by whom he had six children : Mary, John,
Xancy, Philip, William, Thomas, Henry, and Joshua. He died on
this land, September 17, 1823, at the age of fifty years, five months,
and twenty-six days. His widow afterwards moved to Missouri, in
1840, where she died.

Eichard Corson, son-in-law of John Baldwin, was born, Decem-
ber 12, 1781, and came from Virginia with Mr. Baldwin, and set-

918 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

tied on land given him by Ins father-in-law, where Peter Lohrnow
resides. His wife, Mary Baldwin, was born, July 26, 1785, and
their marriage took place, November 3, 1808. The names«of their
children, with the date of their birth, are as follows: John, born
September 17,1809; Henry, born November 10, 1810 ; Margaret,
born February 14, 1812 ; Hannah, born September 17, 1813 ; Abram,
born August 22,1815; Thomas, born April 23,1817; Benjamin,
born July 18, 1819; Mary Jane, born August 5, 1821; Martlia,
born February 14,-1824; Richard, born May 10, 1826; Elizabeth,
born April 13, 1829. Mr. Corson died, October 10, 1838. His wife
died in- Missouri, November 1869.

Edmund Clarridge, son of William and Rosaua Clarridge, nee
Mace, was born in Maryland, October 2, 1789, and in 1798, moved
with his father to Ross County, Ohio. His mother died before he
left Maryland, and his father, after arriving in Ross, married Mrs.
Mollie Cox, a widow lady. Edmund, on the 20th day of March,
1812, at the age of twenty-two, was married to Eleanor, daughter
of John and Eleanor McCatferty, of Kentucky. She was born in
1796. Edmund, in 1814, enlisted, and served through the war of
1812, under Major Dunlap. Shortly before he enlisted in the ser-
vice of his country, he had removed his family to Madison Town-
ship, to which he returned after the close of the war, and spent the
remainder of his life.

He served several terms as justice of the peace, and was elected
to the office of township treasurer, and clerk also, and the duties
devolving on>.him in his several official capacities were faithfully
discharged. At his death, which occurred, September 14, 1868, he
owned one hundred and sixty acres of highly cultivated land. His
wife died, November 10, 1860.

Edmund and Eleanor Clarridge were the parents of sixteen
children, nine boys and seven girls, whose names were as follows:
Elizabeth, born May 10, 1813; William, born October 7,1815;
Mace, born April 13, 1817; John, born March 4, 1819 ; Ann, born
December 14, 1820 ; Thomas, born December 8, 1822 ; James, born
December 2, 1824 ; Eleanor, born April 9, 1826 ; Edmund W.,
born October 4, 1827; Rosana, born October 20, 1829; Joseph
Hays, born June 19, 1831; Clarinda, born November 29,1832;
David, born April 25, 1834; Christiann, born January 5, 1836;
Sarah Jane, born August 28,1838; Anthony, born December 27,
1840. Christiann died, August 2, 1836 ; Jane died, January 17,

MADISOX TOWNSHIP. 919

1853 ; Eleanor died, August 22, 1853 ; Anthony died, July 2, 1867.

Colonel Johiel Gregory removed from the State of New York to
Athens County, Ohio, at an early day, and purchased property con-
sisting of a grist-mill, saw-mill, and carding machine, situated one
mile below the town of Athens. While in Athens, the title of
colonel was conferred upon him, as colonel of militia. In 1815
Colonel Gregory disposed of his property in Athens County, and
with his wife and family — which consisted of four sons, Xehemiah,
Johial, jr., x\ndrews, and Adiy, and two daughters, Elizabeth and
Annis — removed to Madison Township, this county. Col. Gregory
owned a large tract of land in this county, having purchased the
same from Mr. Taylor, of Newport, Kentucky. He divided these
lands into such sized farms, between his four sons, as they desired,
keeping a remainder for future distribution. He was in the Revo-
lutionary War. • After removing to this county, he engaged in
farming and the sale of merchandise. He was elected to the State
Legislature for two terms, when that body convened in Chillicothe,
and held several minor offices while in Athens County. He died
in this county, in April, 1818, aged sixty -five years.

Elizabeth Andrews Gregory was born in New York, in 1757,
and died in Yankeetovvn, Fayette County, Ohio, in 1857, aged
ninety-nine years, nine months, and twenty-seven days. The last
few years of her eventful life she lived with her son Andrews
Gregory, on the farm at Yankeetown. Mrs. Gregory's mind was
clear, and her memory unfailing, for one of her numerous years.
Her reminiscences of the Revolutionary War — such as the throw-
ing over of the tea at Boston, the battle of Bunker Hill, the stir-
ring events of the time of W^ishington— were matters of great
interest to her great-grandchildren, who were often entertained by
her recitals. As previously stated, she removed with her husband
and family from New York to Athens County, and from thence to
this county, in 1815. She lived through the great struggles of this
country, the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the Mexi-
can War, and to within four years of the great trouble between
the North and South. She died at a green old age, venerated and
respected by a large community.

During the war of 1812, Nehemiah and Johial, jr., two sons of
Col. Gregory, were in the first volunteer company from Athens
County. Nehemiah was a lieutenant, and Johial a captain. After
servin<>- three months they came home. Nehemiah then enlisted

920 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

in the regular army, and served through the war as captain, under
Col. Zuppe.

As previously stated, these sons removed to this county with
their father, Col. Gregory, in 1815. ISTehemiah, after serving
through the war of 1812, came home to this count}', and engaged
in farming and other business pursuits. He was a successful man,
and his early death, which occurred February 21, 1817, terminated
a useful and prosperous life. He left a wife and two children.
His widow — since married — and one child, Mrs. Hawson, both aged
ladies, are now living in Tiffin, Ohio.

Johiel jr., owned and managed, with good judgment, the farm
assigned him, and died, in this county, in 1822, leaving a wife and
four children, who in later years removed to Illinois, and have
there. established themselves and their families.

Adly Gregory, the fourth and youngest son, removed from this
county, to the state of Iowa, in 1849, where he accumulated a large
propert3^ He died in 1879, at an advanced age, leaving a wife and
one child, who survive him, and are now living in Washington, D. C.

Elizabeth and Annis Gregory, the two daughters, married two
brothers, by the name of Strong. After their marriage they lived
in Jackson, and reared their respective families in the vicinity of
Jackson and Wilkville.

EHzabeth (Gregorj^) Strong, died about the year 1840. Annie
(Gregor}') Strong, perhaps, is living at this time.

Andrews, the third son of Colonel Gregory, was born in 1788,
and died, in Yankeetown, Fayette Count}^, Ohio, July 21, 1866,
aged seventy-eight years.

His public life was brief He was. called out for thirty days, and
went with General Harrison, in 1812, at Fort Seneca. In 1828 he
was elected captain of the ninth company, first regiment, second
brigade, and fifth division, in the militia of the State of Ohio. The
paper setting forth this fact, is held by the daughter of Andrews
Gregory, and has the signature of Governor Allen Trimble, given
January 20, 1829.

Andrews Gregory was not a prominent man, though his charac-
ter was one of sterling integrity, great decision, and unassuming
worth. He was a firm Republican, and an ardent supporter of the
late war measures, and labored earnestly to promote the interests
of that cause. After residing in this county for fifty-one years, on
the farm he received from his father, he died, leaving this farm.

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 921

together with other property, to be divided, according to his will
and purpose.

He had three children, two daughters and one son, Adly Greg-
ory, jr., an only son, removed from Fayette County, to the state of
Illinois, in 1852, where he continued to reside until the year 1861.
At tliat time he enlisted in the army, and served during the w^ar
as captain. At the close of the war, 1865, he was mustered out of
service, a confirmed invalid, having contracted a disease which so
enfeebled him, that he was able to reach his home but three
weeks previous to his death, which occurred in July, 1865, at Lov-
ington, Illinois. He died, aged forty-eight years, leaving a wife
and five children.

Adley Gregory was a faithful soldier, a true patriot, and an earn-
est worker in whatever he believed to be a duty. He was greatly
esteemed by his fellow citizens, who recognized his eminent services
to his country, but beleived them to be the direct cause of his
death.

Eliza Ann, the oldest daughter of Andrews Gregory, married
William A. Phelps, from Manlius, New York. She lived, after
her marriage, in this county, on a farm adjoining her father's,
where she died, N'ovember 19, 1857, aged forty-three years, leaving
a husband and eight children, to mourn her death. Mrs. Phelps
was a lady of a broad and generous nature. She was a loyal wife,
a tender and watchful mother, and a kind and benevolent neighbor.
Her death was a calamity to her immediate family, and a severe
loss to the community in which she was well known, as a woman
of marked virtues.

Jane, second daughter of Andrews Gregory, was married to Ab-
ner Drierback, of Circleville, Ohio. She survives her husband, who
died in London, Ohio, in 1861, leaving her without children.

Mrs. Drierback has lived in London since 1851. In their thirty
years residence in London, she has maintained for herself a char-
acter eminently esteemed, and respected by all, who are fortunate
in her acquaintance.

James Jones, sr., son of Isaac Jones, sr., and Doracy Jones, was
born, May 3, 1813, in Pickaway County, two or three miles below
N^ew Holland. Early in childhood, he had the misfortune to lose
his mother, and his home, after his father's second marriage, be-
coming unpleasant, he left it, and began work by the month, at low
wages, but the small capital thus earned, enabled him, in a limited

922 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. **

way, to embark in business, and finally prove the nucleus of quite
a fortune. December 15, 1831, he married Sarah White, and set-
tled on land belonging to a Mr. Brown, in eastern Fayette, where
he remained until he bought property in Madison, near Yankee-
town, to which he shortly removed, and on which he remained un-
til his death, which occurred, October 20, 1871.

As a business man, he was generally successful, though unfortu-
nate in having to pay considerable security money for others, ag-
gregating fifty-three thousand three hundred dollars, besides accu-
mulated interest. Notwithstanding this, he left one thousand three
hundred acres of highly cultivated unincumbered land to his sons,
Thomas and William, his only surviving children — his daughter
dying in infancy — located on Deer Creek, between Waterloo and
Yankeetown.

Mr. Jones was a member of the Methodist Church for twenty-
five years, and was always a liberal contributor to the cause of
Christianity. After a life checkered with a great variety of inci-
dents, he died, in his fifty-ninth year, leaving a large circle of
friends, to whom he had endeared himself by the honest, upright.
Christian course he pursued through life.

John Leavell, was born in Virginia, and served seven years in
the Revolutionary war. In 1786 he started, with his family, from
Culpepper County, to remove to Kentucky, but stopped in Green-
brier County, where, in the winter of 1786-'87, he died, and his
widow, in the spring of 1787, came on to Morrison's Station, Ken-
tucky, where her boys erected a log cabin, into which they removed.
Shortly after this, the unfortunate lady was watching her elder son
cutting down a tree, and imagining it would reach the cabin, in her
excitement, ran under the tree, and was killed.

There were eleven children : Gabriel, Ezekiel, John, Robert,
Benjamin, Elizabeth, Hannah, Malinda, Sallie, Nancy, and another
whose name we have been unable to obtain, who scattered at the
death of their mother, and began caring for themselves. Gabriel
was killed at the defeat of St. Clair, in 1791, and Ezekiel and Rob-
ert settled in Henry County, Indiana.

John, our subject, was born in Culpepper County, Virginia,
December 27, 1774, and came from Kentucky to Ross County,
Ohio, and squatted on congress land, on the east side of the Scioto,
at the mouth of Scipio Creek, a short distance above Chillicothe,
where he had expected to purchase congress land, but, in the inter-

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 923

est of speculators, these lands were oftered for sale in such large
lots only, that he was unable to buy, and he only remained one
year, coming then to near Williamsport, Pickaway County, stop-
ping with Moses Calvin, whose house he made his home for twenty-
one years, in the meantime, dealing in stock, bought on Green
River, Kentucky, and which he grazed in the forest of Pickaway,
and the northeastern part of Fayette counties. He also served as
tax collector of Ross, from 1816, to 1820. In 1816 he purchased
about one hundred acres of land of Jesse McKay, on DuiFs Fork,
on which his son, Benjamin, now resides. In 1822, he married
Cynthia, daughter of Joshua Hedges, of Pickaway County, by
whom he had nine children. At his death, which occurred in
August, 1854, he owned about one thousand acres of land. His
wife died in July, 1834.

John ]^utt was an early settler of Madison, and came from near
Winchester, Virginia. Shortly after their arrival, he purchased
two hundred acres of land of a Mr. Taylor, one-half of which he
gave to his son James, who, with his family, accompanied him. C.
G. Leavell now owns this land. Mr. Nutt died at the age of one
hundred and one years. James M., his son, married Rachel Cart-
nel, in Virginia, by whom he had thirteen children, named respect-
ively John T., Sarah, Elizabeth, Catharine, Nancy, William, Re-
becca, James, Hannah, Lucinda, George, Matilda, and Mordecai.

Robert Abernathy was born in Hampshire County, Virginia, in
1786. He married Mary Ann Davis, and emigrated to near Wil-
liamsport, Pickaway County, in 1815, and rented land on Deer
Creek, near where James Bennett now lives, in what is known as
Round Bottom, where he raised two crops, when, in the fall of 1817,
he bought ninety-seven acres of land of Andrew Hetrick, in Over-
ton's survey, and occupied a cabin till he completed a log house,
which occupied the site of the present brick residence of his son
James. By hard work he cleared his land, and at his death pos-
sessed quite a competency of this world's goods, owning property
at Mount Sterling, where he died, in 1852. The names of his chil-
dren were Mary Ann, John, Eliza, James, Cynthia, and Marion.

Ephraim Moore was born in Delaware, and came to Ross County
in 1805, settling at the mouth of Deer Creek, where he rented land
of Colonel Evans. Here he remained perhaps two years, when he
moved six miles further up the creek, to near Yates' Mill, in Pick-
away County, where he farmed about four years. From here he

924 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

removed to near Williamsport, Pickaway County, where he re-
mained till the close of the war of 1812, when he went to Shelby
County, near Sidney. In 1820, or 1821, he came to this county,
and settled on Batteal Harrison's farm, in this township, where he
remained five or six years, then went to live with his son Isaac, at
Waterloo. He served twelve days in the war of 1812, when he
was wounded, and hired a substitute to fill his unexpired time.
Priscilla Eyan, his wife, was born in Delaware, and died at her son
Isaac's, on Duft''s Fork, December 18, 1848, aged ninety-three years
and eight months. Mr. Moore also died at his son Isaac's, at the
ripe age of one hundred and one years, six mouths, and twenty
days. They had nine children, whose names were as follows :
Kellie, James, Hannah, ISTewble, Douglas, John, Ephraim E-., and
Isaac, all of whom are dead except the latter, who now resides at
Mount Sterling, Madison County.

"William Morgan emigrated from Virginia prior to 1815, and set-
tled on land which he leased, but afterward purchased, on DufiT's
Fork, in the Armstrong survey, now in possession of C. G. Leavell.
In his day he was considered wealthy, owning at one time eight
hundred acres where he lived, a farm on Big Darby, near Harris-
burg, Franklin County, and another on Deer Creek, one mile from
Yankeetown, now in possession of William Jones. His wealth was
made by grazing cattle, which he sold first at home, but later, drove
to Baltimore and Philadelphia. His death occurred about 1855.

CHURCHES.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL.

In 1817, what is now known as the Pleasant Hill, or Yankee-
town, Methodist Episcopal Society', was organized at John Thomas'
residence, in Pickaway County, about two miles east of Yankee-
town, on the Circleville and Yankeetown road.

The names of the first, or charter members of this society, were
William Timmons, John Thomas, William Morgan, Leonard Jef-
ferson, and Samuel Bennett. Timmons and Thomas were residents
of Pickaway County, but the others were citizens of this township.

Henry B. Bascom organized the society, and was its first minis-

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 925

ter. Services were held at Mr. Thomas' and at Mr. Morgan's, in
this township, during a period of six years, when the society huilt
a hewed log church, one mile east of Yankeetown, on the Circle-
ville road.

The ministers of the congregation up to this time, were Rev.
Finley, father of Elder James Finley, and Rev. Mr. Williams.

Benjamin Mouser donated the lot on which the church was built,
and it was dedicated by Rev. James B. Finley, as Pleasant Hill
Chapel, in 1823, at which time the society numbered thirty-two.

The first five ministers, in the order of their appointment, who
preached here after the erection of the church, were Benjamin
Lawrence, one year; William Sutton, one year; Peter Sharp, one
year; John C. Hardy, one year; and Joseph Hill, six months.

METHODIST PROTESTANT.

The Methodist Protestant Church Society was organized at White
Oak, by Raymouth Hussey, and services were held in a school
house till 1858, when a frame church was built, which is still occu-
pied by this denomination.

Informal meetings have been held occasionally, at the above-
mentioned school house, by the Baptists, the Friends, and the Uni-
versalists.

BAPTIST CHURCH.

The Baptist society was organized by John W. Loof bourrow^ at
Isaac Pancoast's house, one-half mile southeast of the present
site of Waterloo, July 17, 1813, being the first religious organiza-
tion within the present limits of Madison Township.

The charter members were Samuel Gaskill, Lucretia Gaskill,
Caleb Gaskill, Peter Timmons, Lettie Pancoast, Barzilla Rozel",
Polly Rozel and Sarah Vandalar. A man named Oxford, was the
first person to whom the ordinance of baptism was adminstered
after the organization was effected.

On Saturday, before the third Lord's day, 1813, Peter Timmons,
Samuel Gaskill and Caleb Gaskill, were chosen members of the
Scioto Association, the first representation the society had in that
body. On the third Lord's day, in October, 1818, Thomas Crabb
and Catharine Blue were baptized into church fellowship.

926 HisToJiY OP Fayette county.

The first regular minister of the society was Rev. Isaac McHenry,
whose pastorate began in December, 1813, and continued several
years, when he moved to some of the northern counties, and the
church was without a regular minister for seven or eight years ;
but the organization was preserved intact during that time by the
periodical meetings of eight or ten ladies, and deacon Thomas
Crabb.

In 1826 or 1827, J. B. Moore, of Kentucky, united with this
congregation by letter, was chosen its pastor, and continued in this
capacity for twenty-five years, when he was succeeded by John
Parker, of Hardin County, whose pastorate extended over a period
of seven years. He was followed by George Tusing, who remain-
ed two years, and was succeeded in 1877 by Thomas Cole, the
present incumbent.

After the organization of the society, in 1813, services were
held at the dwellings of the different members of the congrega-
tion lyitil 1829. From this time until 1844 they occupied a school
house in the neighborhood, and an old unoccupied dwelling on the
outskirts of Waterloo, when John Messmore erected the present
frame church at Waterloo, at a cost to the society of about $800.

MADISON CHAPEL.

This society was organized in 1868, by E,ev. David Smith. Prior
to this, however, services had been held by the Methodists, Meth-
odist Protestants, and Presbyterians, for ten or twelve years, but
no organization had been made until the year abov.e mentioned,
when, at a meeting in the grove near where the church now stands,
Henry Fulton, W. W. Satchell, and Isaac Jones, were appointed a
committee to solicit subscriptions for the erection of a church.
The committee went to work in earnest, and by August of the
same year |1,772 were raised, which was deemed a sufiicient
amount upon which to begin work. A lot was bought of Harper
Smith, near where Mr. Crow's store now stands, and just opposite
the present site of the school house, and the work was at once
commenced. The house was dedicated December 19, 1869; L.
Cunningham, of Columbus, preaching the dedicatory sermon. The
remainder of the money, |687.73, was raised on the day of dedica-
tion, making the church cost when completed |2,459.73. Henry
Fulton donated to the congregation one acre of land for cemetery

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 927

purposes, and one hundred and fifty dollars toward the erection of
the church. It was made a part of the Mount Sterling Circuit.

SCHOOLS.

The first school in the township was taught in the winter of 1809,
by Samuel Myers, in a cabin, near where Waterloo now stands,
Mr. Myers walking two and one-half miles to and from the hut,
called a school house.

The next school of which we have been able to obtain account,
was on William Morgan's land, in the Armstrong survey, now in
possession of C. G. Leavell. In the winter of 1824, Thomas John-
son taught a term of school here, and also the winter following.
He was followed the succeeding winter, at this place, by Edmund
Clarridge, sen., who taught a short term each year till, perhaps,
1828, or 1829, when this building was abandoned, and a small house
was built one-fourth of a mile west of Yankeetown, on land then
owned by Andrew Gregory, now in possession of William McCaf-
ferty. James Martin taught the first and second schools in this
building, and was succeeded by Edmund Clarridge, sen., who taught
three or four terms. Joseph Counts was, perhaps, the next teacher,
and was followed by a Mr. McGarry, who taught three or four
terms, and was succeeded by Julius Bickuell, who remained one
term.

A cabin situated a mile and a half from Waterloo, on the Ur-
bana road, on land owned then by Jesse Barton, now in possession
of R. S. Waters, was occupied for school purposes about the time
the log school house was built at Yankeetown. Clement Twiford
was the first, and, perhaps, only teacher here, as it was used only
one winter, when it was abandoned.

In 1829, or 1830, a school house was built on land now owned by
M. Rockwell, in the W. Sanford survey, number 13135. Ckment
Twiford was the first teacher, and his successor was a Mr. Purdum.
The building was burned, with all the books belonging to the pu-
pils, during Mr. Purdum's stay, and the district was divided, one
portion attending a term or two of school in an unoccupied dwell-
ing, on land now owned by J. M. Anderson, and then in a cabin,
on land belonging to Richard Courson, now owned by William
Baldwin.

928 HisTanY OF payette county.

In 1838, a school house was built at White Oak, and occupied
about ten years, when a new building was erected on the site of the
old. This was also abandoned in 1877, and an elegant frame school
house erected. This is now an independent, or special district.

SECRET ORGAmZATION.

Madison Grange, 'No. 229, was organized I^ovember 27, 1878, by
John Brown, of Clarksburg, Ross County, at James Noble's house,
one-half mile south of Madison Mills, on the Waterloo road.

The names of the charter members were as follows : F. L.
Smith, Joshua Mahan, William Clawson, J. M. ISToble and his wife,
Maggie, Levi Martin, Henry Fulton, his son, Shreve, and two
daughters, Maggie and Polly, Libbie Harrison, S. B. Yeoman, T.
M. Jones and wife, Lucy, Daniel Wood, James Smith, J. L. Smith,
Sarah Smith, Hugh Smith, Caleb Tillet, Joseph Taylor and wife,
Mary E., James Abernathy and wife, Lettie, C. W. Jones, William
McCafferty and Elizabeth McCafierty.

The original officers were as follows : Master, F. L. Smith ;
overseer, James Abernathy ; lecturer, Stephen Yeoman ; steward,
F. M. Jones ; assistant steward, Shreve Fulton ; chaplain, J. M.
Noble ; treasurer, Henry Fulton ; secretary, William Clawson ;
gate keeper, J. W. Taylor; ceres, Sarah J. Smith ; pomona, Mag-
gie P. ISToble ; flora, Libbie Harrison ; L. A. S., Maggie Fulton.

Madison Grange owns an elegantly finished hall over Mr. Crow's
store room, at Madison Mills, which was built, in 1874, at a cost of
about seven hundred dollars. The Grange was incorporated under
the laws of Ohio, January, 1881.

The present oificers are as follows : Master, J. M. Noble ; over-
seer, James Abernathy; lecturer, E. W. Clarridge; steward,
Wilson McCafferty ; assistant steward, S. E, Parrett : chaplain, D.
B.Saint; treasurer, Henry Fulton; secretary, R. G. Jefferson;
gate keeper, T. P. Noble ; ceres, Emaline Shufllebarger ; pomona,
Lillie Pancoast ; flora, Dora McArthur ; lady assistant steward,
Duck McCafierty ; organist, Ada Parrett.

At present, the Grange has a membership of seventy-five, and is
in a highly flourishing condition.

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 929

PHYSICIANS.

Dr. Martin was perhaps the first physician that located in Mad-
ison, coming from New England early in the settlement of the
township, and opening an ojSSce near Yankeetown. Here he re-
mained fonr of five years, when he removed to Bloomingburg, and
continued in active practice till 1854, removing then to McClain
County, Illinois.

Dr. J. N. Clark came from Harrisburg, this state, in the spring
of 1873 to Buena Vista, Green Township, where he remained till
the spring of 1874, when he opened. an otfice at Madison Mills, and
now has an extensive practice.

BLACKSMITHS.

Joseph Withrow, in about 1822 or 1823, started a blacksmith
shop, about one-half mile from Yankeetown, and continued till
his death, which took place in about 1834, wdien Otho Williams
opened a shop here, and carried on the business twelve or fifteen
years. Williams was succeeded by Zebulin Fisher, who remained
perhaps three years, when the shop was abandoned.

David Saint started a shop at Yankeetown, in 1874 or 1875, and
still continues in business.

A blacksmith shop was started by Alexander Clark, at Madison
Mills, in 1860, in a building erected by David Harrison, which he
carried on for two or three years, when he was succeeded by
Thomas Scott, who continued one year, the shop then being closed.
Some time after this Clark returned and began business, but soon
built a shop in which he still works.

STOKES.

The first store of Madison, was started by Adley Gregory, in
1815 or possibly earlier, at Yankeetown, which he kept up till
another was opened, in 1825, one-half mile north of Yankeetown,

930 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

Oil the Mt. Sterling road, by John Johnson, in one portion of his
dwelUng, where he continued till his death, live or six years later.

About the time of this event, perhaps a little later, Robert Leach
opened a stock of goods in a frame building erected by himself
near Yankeetown, and carried on business two or three years,
when the goods were sold to Abner Dressback, who removed them
to a room built by Adley Gregory, near the site of the present
dwelling of "William McCafferty, where he continued about one
year, when the goods passed into the hands of Amos Benton, who
removed them to the brick building now occupied by George Em-
erson. Benton continued in business in this building several years,
and those who have occupied this building since are in the order
of their succession as follows : Joseph Counts, Cook & Bailey,
Gregory & Phelps, Drury Brothers, Clarence Parvin, Gregory &
Wichman, and George Emerson, the present incumbent.

Between the years 1864 and 1867, James Graham started a dry
goods store, at Madison Mills, in a room on the site of the build-
ing now occupied by Peter Dempser as a saloon, where he continued
about twelve months, when he sold to George Franklin, who kept
one year,when the building was destroyed by the explosion of a
keg of powder in the cellar, and the entire stock of goods was de-
stroyed. Evidences that the accident had been pre-arranged were so
convincing, that Franklin never tried to collect the ijisurance.

David Harrison opened a grocery at Madison Mills, in 1860,
which he kept two years, when he sold to George Ladd, an En-
glishman, who continued perhaps two years, his successor being
George Emmerson, who was followed in about live years by Eliza-
beth Crow" & Sons, they buying Mr. Emmerson out, and still con-
tinue in business, carrying a full line of dry goods, boots and shoes,
queensware, groceries, etc., etc.

MILLS.

John Gilmore, prior to 1817, built a water-mill on Deer Creek,
one mile north of Waterloo, which he operated several years, when
it came into the hands of Samuel Pancoast, who run it about fifteen
years. Colonel Sharp then purchased the property and attached
a distillery, and after operating both about eight years, he sold to

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 931

Samuel Pancoast, jr., who sold to John Messmore the present
owner, who in three or four years after, tore down the old mill, and
built a three story frame building, and put in two sets of burrs, one
for wheat and one for corn. In 1879, he added a puritier and
" new process " attachment. It is now being operated by his son,
E. W. Messmore, who is doing an extensive custom and merchant
business.

Gilmore, in about 1832, after losing the above mentioned mill in
litigation with Pancoast, built a mill two and a half miles above,
on what is called the Island Branch of Deer Creek, on land now
owned by the heirs of Newton Morgan, in the Overton Survey, No.
463. He continued about ten or twelve years, when he was" suc-
ceeded by a colored man, named Sylva, who operated the mill only
a short time till it was abandoned.

William Harrison built a large steam flouring mil], called " Mad-
ison Mills," in 1859, and did an extensive business for four or five
years, when ho sold the mill property and about eight acres of
ground to Andrew Shriver, of Ross County; who failing to meet
payments, was relieved of his obligation by John and Harrison
Adams, to whom he transferred the property, they becoming re-
sponsible to Mr. Harrison. The Adamses operated the mill about
five or six years, when they sold the machinery and apparatus to
Robinson and Sims, who removed it to Stuckey's Mill at Wash-
ington ; but the grounds and building were sold to Abraham Lind-
sey. In 1880, John Lindsey and his son, A. C, bought new^
machinery and apparatus at a cost of |5, 000.00, put into this mill,
and are now doing an extensive custom and shipping business.

Thomas Lindsey located a portable saw-mill, on the East Fork
of Paint Creek, one mile southeast of Madison Mills, in March,
1881, where he continued till May of the same year, when he re-
moved to land owned by Jachomeyer Baldwin, one mile northwest
of Whiteoak.

WOOLEN MILLS.

Samuel Pancoast started a single carding machine at Pancoast-
burg in 1822, and continued with the one single set of cards for
some six or eight years. In 1828 or 1829 he secured a partner, a

932 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Mr. Muzzy, of Springfield, Ohio, who added fulling and finishing
machinery. Soon after, they secured the services of John Mess-
more, a skilled workman in manufacturing, and he becoming a
partner, added another carding machine. About ten years later
the}^ procured hand spinning machines, known as "Billie and
Ginnie."

Soon after this the business passed entirely into the hands of J.
Messmore. Near 1835 he added a condenser and spinning-jack,
and thus continued the business of carding, spinning, fulling, dye-
ing, and finishing, until the year 1860, when, as an addition to the
water power, that sometimes failed in a dry season, he added
largely to his facilities for increased work, by putting in steam
power, so as to run all the year round, and by adding another set
of machines and condensers, and four narrow and one broad loom.
This he operated for some five years, and then sold to his son, li.
W. Messmore, and within a short time he sold to Abuer Mouser,
who run only about one year. Mouser sold to Appleton Mowry,
who still owns the premises, but finding the property of greater
value to be used otherwise, destroyed the larger part ot the ma-
chinery and sold it for old iron, reserving a small part to run at
intervals for the manufacture of stocking yarn.

WATERLOO.

"Waterloo, situated in the southeastern corner of Madison, on
the road leading from Chillicothe to Urbana, was laid out by Isaiah
Pancoast and Jesse Woodson, June 20, 1816, and occu]3ies a part
of James' survey, Xo. 470. No lots were sold, however, until 1829,
when Mr. Pancoast had the town re-surveyed, and fixed a day of
sale in September of that year, on which some eight or ten lots
were sold. Nathan Loof bourrow built the first house after the
town was re-surveyed, but prior to this, a log house was built, which
is still standing. John Messmore built the second house in AVater-
loo, in 1833 or 1884. This was a brick structure, and is still
standing.

STORES.

Nathan Loof bourrow had the first store at Waterloo, opening a

MADISON TOWNSHIP.

933

stock of goods in one part of his dwelling shortly after the town
was re-surveyed. He continued in business for some five or six
years, when he disposed of his goods to Rowland Wilson, and a
Mr. Jackson, of Mt. Sterling, Madison County, who continued a
short time in the same building, then closing out the stock. But
prior to this, Thomas Littleton began business, which he followed
until his death, ten or twelve years after, when the goods came into
the hands of J. W. Blizzard, who closed out in about 1860. The
followihg gentlemen have been in the mercantile business, at Wat-
erloo, at different times, since then : Vance & Bailey, Girton &
Phebus, J. W. Moore, Shreve Gaskill, A. P. Littleton, Dani.^ Kel-
ley, J. W. Smith, Wharford Young, J. W. Gaskill, B. T. Corkwell,
George D. Ladd, W. H. II. Timmons, James Lewis, Wesley Goo-
ley, li. W. Messmore, Wickman & Leach, and E. A. Peasley. The
latter opened a dry goods and grocery store in 1879, and still con-
tinues. J. W. Moore is also in the grocery business.

HARNESS MAKING.

A. S. Decker began the business of harness making in 1850, and
still continues.

SHOE SHOPS.

A. Howser began boot and shoe making in 1879, and is still car-
rying on the business.

BLACKSMITHING.

The lirst blacksmith shop at Waterloo was started in about 1830,
by a man named Tracy, but being at that time about eighty years of
age, he continued only a short time. He was succeeded by a man
named McClelland, who remained, perhaps, two years, when he
also, on account of his advanced age, was compelled to give up the
business.

John Timmons then began blacksmithing in the same shop oc-
cupied by the above named men, and carried it on about ten or
twelve years.

Adley Bostwick opened a shop some years before Timmons
closed, and continued some ten or twelv-e years, when he was

934 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

killed by a pile of lumber falling on him and his shop has ever
since been occupied by William Scott.

Mahlon Anderson, an apprentice of Bostwick's, bought of the
latter, the right to manufacture what was known as the Bostwick
plow, and carried on this business, in connection with his black-
smithing, until two years ago, when he closed the manufacturing
business, but is still engaged at smithing.

PHYSICIANS.

Dr. Dilley was the first physician of Waterloo, locating there in
about 1842-'43, but remained only a short time.

He was followed by Dr. Freeman, of London, Madison County,
who continued three or four years.

Dr. Tobias Haskins also came about the time Dilley left, and
practiced there until about 1860, removing then to Licking County.

Towards the latter part of Haskin's stay at Waterloo, Dr. Cleeve
located there, and remained some years, when he removed to
Illinois.

Dr. V. H. Gaskill commenced the practice at Waterloo about
the close of the late war, and still remains.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

JOHN D. ABERNATHY.

John D. Abernathy, retired farmer. Mount Sterling, was born in
Hampshire County, Virginia, December 10,1813. He is the oldest
son of Eobert and Mary Abernathy, who came to Ohio, bringing
thei^; two oldest children, in the year 1815. The grandfather of
this subject was from Scotland; the grandmother from Ireland.

Eobert and Mary Abernathy first settled in Pickaway County,
near Williamsport. About the year 1817, he bought a piece of
land (one hundred and sixteen acres), where his son James now
lives, in this county, on Deer Creek. Here he reared an honored
family. His children were Mary Ann, born in 1809 ; John, in 1813 ;
Eliza, in 1816; James, in 1819; Cynthia, in 1823; Marion, in 1831.

This subject has been twice married. His first wife, Nancy Saw-

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 935

yer, was bom June 20, 1808, and was the daughter of William and
Elizabeth (Smith) Sawyer. Their union took place October 27,
1836. She died April 10, 1868. They had born to them two sons :
John C, born October 1, 1837 ; Smith, born June 7, 1840. For his
second wife, he married the widow of W. D. Wood. Her maiden
name was Lucinda Brown. She w^as born June 22, 1828, and their
marriage took place April 20, 1869. The Browns were Virginians,
and came to Ohio in 1820.

Mr. Abernathy has been a man of great energy and business ca-
pacity. He has dealt largely in live stock, and in the years of his
prime manhood, he had an extensive business acquaintance. He
was a resident of this township for thirty-five years, and now owms
and keeps oversight of a farm near White Oak.

On account of bodily affliction, he retired from the farm a num-
ber of years ago. He now resides in Mount Sterling. His father
was, at one time, a hotel-keeper of this village, but it was very
many years ago. Mr. Abernathy remembers the village of Mount
Sterling when there were not more than three houses in it.

JAMES ABERNATHY.

James Abernathy is among the oldest and most substantial far-
mers of this township. He is the son of Eobert and Mary (Davis)
Abernathy, whose biographies appear elsewhere. The family came
from Virginia, in 1815.

He was born March 1, 1819, on Duff's Fork, near where he now
resides. He was married to Letitia Thomas, January 29, 1846. To
their marriage five children hav^e been born : Margaret Ann, born
December 9, 1846, died December 5, 1847; Mary Josephine, born
October 26, 1848, died July 15, 1851; Cynthia Alice, born May 15,
1850, died July 24, 1851; Mary Augusta, born February 22, 1854,
and married A. C. Mace, of Ross County, April 14, 1874; William,
born October 15, 1851, died May 4, 1855.

Mrs. Abernathy w^as born July 26, 1826. In the year 1851, he
purchased of his brothers and sisters their interest in the home-
stead of two hundred and seventy acres, to which he has since
made some additions. He and his wife are members of the Chris-
tian Church, and have, in their past lives, a record of Christian
piety. He is an enthusiastic Granger, and one of the most active
members of Madison Grange ^o. 229.

936 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

MAHLON ANDERSON.

Mahlou Anderson, blacksmith and farmer, is the second of three
sons born to Levi and ]N"ancy (Brown) Anderson, of Ohio. His
grandparents were from Virginia, but came to Ohio, and settled
near Chillicothe, in an early day.

Our subject was born June 13, 1832, and having learned the
trade of a blacksmith in the years of his minority, has devoted his
life mainly to hard work at the anvil and bellows. He was mar-
ried, June 8, 1856, to Helen Fulton, first daughter of John W. and
Phoebe (Lyons) Fulton, of Ross County. To them ha^'e been born
five children : Alfred A., born June 20, 1857 ; JS'ancy Ann, born
May 6, 1859; William H., born May 31, 1861; Charlie, born Sep-
tember 30, 1872 ; Clara, born March 25, 1875. All are yet alive,
and in good health.

He established himself in Waterloo, in the year 1852, and in all
these years has attended carefully to business, and, as a consequence,
has prospered. He possesses a nice home in the village, besides
some farm lands elsewhere. Their daughter, i^ancy A., married
Christopher Hanawalt, in February, 1876. Alfred married Ella
Crabb, in January, 1880.

JACHOMYER BALDWIN.

Jachomyer Baldwin, farmer, is the fifth child, and second son, of
Jonah and Mary (Bland) Baldwin, natives of Virginia. He was
born August 20, 1815, near where he now resides. His parents
and grandparents came to Ohio from Virginia, in 1812, and settled
on Paint Creek, on what is known as the Baldwin and Wallace
survey, and where Jachomyer yet resides.

Our sul)ject is of a family of eight children, three sons and five
daughters. The sous were John, Jachomyer, and Joseph. The
last-named lives in Adams County, Indiana. John died some years
since. Nancy, the youngest daughter, married Benjamin Corson,
and died in 1854, leaving four children. The biography of her
son, Jonah B., appears elsewhere. Our subject's four sisters still
live. He enjoys the reputation of a hard-working, honest man.

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 937

JOSEPH n. BAIIOHN.

This subject is the sou of Joliu aud Meliuda (Mitcliem) Baughu,
and was born in this county, February 10, 1858. He was ordinari-
ly educated, and at the age of twenty-two, August 14, 1879, he en-
Hsted in the reguhxr army, and was assigned to the First United
States Infantry. In a few days after his enlistment, the command
to which he belonged was ordered to Fort Snelling, on the way to
the Black Hills. lieaching their destination, they were at once as-
signed to duty, and for two months scouted on the plains with the
hostile tribes. They then crossed into Montana, on foot, and for
months the command campaigned in the mountains and plains of
the great West, traversing Dakota, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming,
and parts of the British possessions northward. Many of the ad-
ventures of this command are full of startling facts of romance and
adventure.

Mr. Baughn's term of service lasted fourteen months. He was
discharged at Fort Meade, near Deadwood, and returned to his na-
tive state in August, 1880. He was married, December 25, 1880,
to Emma, daughter of John and Siirali Sliough, of this county.

JOHN BAIIGHN.

John Baughn, the subject of this biography, was a native of Vir-
ginia, and was born on the 22d of September, 1824. He was
the second son, and iifth child, of Moses and Sarah (Yowell)
Baughn. The Baughns came to Ohio, from Virginia, in 1832, when
John was eight years of age. They settled near Washington.

Our subject was married, December 31, 1855, to Meliuda Mitchem,
fourth daughter of William and Catherine (Wort) Mitchem. The
nativity of the Mitchems is Virginia. Moses and Sarah Baughn
had born to them : Harriet, Joseph, Maria, Catherine, John, Re-
becca, Sarah, Matilda, and Mary Ann.

William and Catherine Mitchem were the parents of seven chil-
dren: Elizabeth, James, Lucinda, Sarah, Meliuda, Mary and Wil-
liam. John and Meliuda Baughn had born to them seven chil-
dren : Sarah E., born September, 1856, married Joseph S. Baldwin,
December 31, 1874; Joseph H., born February 10, 1858, married
Emma Shough, December 24, 1880 ; WiUiam Moses, born October
63

938 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

27I86I, died February 2, 1879; Rosilla Catherine, born June 5,
1865 ; Lucy May, born December 1, 1868; John Lewis, born June
1, 1872 ; Albert J., born October 25, 1874, died October 26, 1874.

Mr. Baughn, in the year 1868, bought the farm of one hundred
acres, on which his family still resides. He continued to improve
it until the time of his decease, which occurred, Februar}^ 25, 1875.
lie was a man much esteemed for his good qualities, and his death
was greatly lamented.

DAVID BEALE.

Of the substantial farmers of the northeastern part of this county,
none are better entitled to favorable mention than David Beale, who
lives on his well improved farm of two hundred and sixty acres of
land, two miles from Mt. Sterling, on the Columbus road.

He was born, November 1, 1840, in Pleasant Township, Madison
County, Ohio, and is the third son, and fourth child, of S. S. and
Harriet (Elmore) Beale, both born in Westmoreland County, Vir-
ginia. They came to Ohio' in 1832, having been married the year
before. Their children were: Charles H., Mary A., Jeremiah, Da-
vid, John W., George, and Smith.

David gave the years of his minority in assisting his father on
the farm, and enjoyed the benefits of the common schools of his
neighborhood. He was married, December 30, 1863, to Hannah
A., oldest daughter of Dr. William and Hannah (Reeves) McClin-
tock, of Madison County. They have had born to them three
children : Flora A., born November 3, 1864 ; Everett, born June
24, 1866, and Ross, born May 6, 1870.

Mr. Beale has served the township well and long as trustee, and is
always in the front rank of the march toward public improvement.

JOSEPH G. BLOOMER.

Xehemiah Bloomer, of English descent, a native of New York,
and a tailor by trade, married Elizabeth Ketchum, of Welch de-
scent, in the State of New Jersey. The}" lived successively in Vir-
ginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio, coming to the latter state
in a very early day. Their seven children were : John, Daniel,
Benjamin, William. Joseph, Phoebe, and Jesse. The sons were
farmers, and more than one of them dealt largely in live stock.

MADISON TOWNSHIP. . 939

John and Daniel remained in Tennessee ; the remainder of the
family are named among the pioneer settlers of this county. The
year of their coming to the state cannot be accurately stated.

William divided his time between tailoring, farming, and build-
ing mills.

Phoebe was a pioneer in the millinery business. She married
Col. Aaron Johnson, who was sheriff of this county, and who, for
a number of years, kept a hotel in Washington. They removed
to Indiana.

Joseph Bloomer was born in Virginia, June 30, 178G. He mar-
ried Mary Robinson, daughter of Nicholas Robinson, a pioneer of
Jefferson Township, near Jeff'ersonville. His oldest daughter, Re-
becca, was born there, August 27, 1808, the Indians at that time
being his nearest neighbors. Two other children were born to
them — a daughter and son — both of whom died early in life. The
wife and mother died in the year 1822, aged thirty-five years.

He married for his second wife, Mary, the daughter of Captain
Thomas McDonald. Captain McDonald was a soldier and spy un-
der General Wayne, in 1794. He was a brother-in-law of General
Duncan McArthur, a justice of the peace, and at one time a mem-
ber of the Ohio Legislature.

Joseph Bloomer was elected sheriff' of this county in 1828, suc-
ceeding his brother-in-law. Colonel Johnson. He held the oflice
for two terms, and after a retirement of two years, was again
elected to the same oflice, and was again re-elected, serving in all,
eight years. He was an excellent public oflicer. He died on his
farm, five miles above Washington, July 9, 1859, aged seventy-three
years, leaving a record of a busy, well spent life. His widow died,
January 22, 1852, having been born, August 18, 1803.

They were the parents of nine children : Joseph Gatch, born
1824; William Johnson, born 1826; Allen Trimble, born 1828;
EHza, born 1831 ; Thomas Marshall, born 1833 ; Phoebe, born 1835 ;
Nancy Ann, born 1837 ; James Ilinton, born 1841 ; Efiie Jane,
born 1844.

Joseph Gatch Bloomer, the oldest son, resides with his family in
Madison Township, midway between Bloomingburg and White
Oak. He has been a resident of the county all his life. He lo-
cated here in 1867. His education, which is above the average, is
the result of a close application, and the careful improvement of
the very meagre opportunities of the unfavorable times of his

940 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

youth. From the year 1845 to 1855, he was an efficient teacher of
the county. Since that time, he has given his time to farming and
stock raising. At the age of twenty-seven years, he was married
to Elizabeth Jane, daughter of Henry and Abigail (Davis) Dewitt,
who were the parents of siMeeu children : Benjamin Franklin,
born 1810; Catherine, born 1811; Henry, born 1813; Asa, born
1815 ; Sarah, born 1816; John, born 1818; James B., born 1820;
Mary, born 1821 ; Abigail and Nancy (twins), born 1824; Eliza-
beth Jane, born 1826 ; Rebecca, born 1827 ; Allen McArthur, born
1831 ; Mahala, born 1832; Ellison,born 1834, and Lewis, born 1836.

Mrs. Bloomer was a teacher in her early life, and is a cultured
lady of the substantial kind. To their marriage eight children
have been born — five sons and three daughters. These are all liv-
ing except one son, Joseph Clinton, who died in the sixth year of
his age. In his death the family circle was first broken. His
youthful spirit was the first to enter within the vale as the forerun-
ner of the family. May the whole family finally' be permitted to
share with him the bliss of immortality.

Mr. Bloomer has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church since 1858, and his wife has been in the same church since
1848.

Note — Joseph Bloomer, it appears from the above, served as
sheriff from 1828 to 1830, and from 1832 until 1838, and then was
succeeded by Williams. See page 456.

WILLIAM C. BOSTWICK.

William Clay Bostwick, one of the most energetic farmers in
this county, is the third son, and fifth child, of Oliver and Malinda
(Thomas) Bostwick, of this county. He was born in Madison
Township, near his present residence. May 28, 1844.

William Bostwick, the grandfather of William C, came to Ohio,
from Vermont, about the year 1805, settling on lands in the vicin-
ity of Yankeetown, from which circumstance this place took its
name. He was the father of Adoniram, Frederick C, Joseph,
Sarah, William, Lucy Ann, and Adley Bostwick.

Oliver's children were : Morton, Francis, Marion, Annette, Eliza,
William C, Elvira, Sarah, and Jane.

Our subject was ordinarily' educated, and at the age of eighteen,
enlisted under Captain H. Z. Adams, in Company G, 113th R. O.

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 941

V. I., August, 1862. He served with bis regiment with efHcieiicy,
until the close of the war, and was discharged at Columbus, Ohio,
July 6, 1865. His regiment campaigned in Kentucky, Tennessee,
Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, and partic-
ipated in the grand review at the nation's capital at the close of
the war.

Mr. Bostwick was married, -N"ovember 6, 1873, to Clara, daughter
of Isaac 'N. and Margaret (Hidy) Beatty, of Pickaway County.
Mrs. Bostwick was born in Pickaway County, October 22, 1852.
She has but one brother, Scott Beatty, living in Pickaway County.
A sister died in infancy. Her grandfather, James Beatty, came to
this county from Virginia in 1818. He was a son of Charles
Beatty, and a grandson of George Beatty. James Beatty was a
soldier in the war of 1812, and about the year 1847, served as asso-
ciate judge. He died, A. D. 1879, at an advanced age.

To the union of Mr. and Mrs. Bostwick have been born two
children : Harley Oscar, born October 10, 1875, and Oliver J^ewton,
born May 6, 1880.

Mr. Bostwick owns a large farm of excellent land, lying in this
and PickaAvay counties, and its condition indicates careful over-
sight. Mr. Bostwick is a staunch Republican, and is always out-
spoken and decisive in his views on public topics.

JASPER N. CLARK.

Dr. Jasper N. Clark, of Madison Mills, is the second son of Al-
exander and Lydia (Adkins) Clark. His parents were natives of
Orange County, Virginia, and came to Ohio in the year 1837.

Our subject was born, October 6, 1843, in Mt. Sterling, Ohio, and
in 1859 his parents settled at Madison Mills. He evinced a taste
for study at an early age, and by close application to his books, be-
came the leading pupil of his neighborhood and school. He
worked for some years at the trade of blacksmithing, but at the
age of twenty-eight, he turned his attention to the study of medi-
cine, and began reading with Dr. W. T. Wilerman, of Pickaway
County. During 1870-71 he attended the usual lecture courses at
Starling Medical College, Columbus, and in March, 1872, graduated
from that institution. That same spring he began practicing at
Harrisburg, continuing there one year; then at Buena Vista a year,
when he located, in 1874, at Madison Mills, where he now has a

942 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

fine practice. He was married, December 28, 1877, to Ella, second
daughter of George and Emily (Bush) Parrot, of Madison Town-
ship. To them have been born two children : Mabel, born May,
19, 1879, and Lewis, born February 13, 1880.

Dr. Clark has surmounted many obstacles to attain the position
he now occupies in his profession, and he now stands among the
first of the medical men of his county, enjoying and dese?i'ving the
utmost confidence of his professional and unprofessional acquaint-
ances. He is a member of the Bloomingburg Lodge No. 449,
F. & A. M.

EDMUND W. CLARRIDGE.

Our subject was born in Madison Township, this county, October
4, 1827. (See page 918.) His education w^as somewhat above the
ordinary. He availed himself of the advantages of the common
schools of his neighborhood, and spent one year at North wood Col-
lege, in Logan County. He taught school for several years in the
counties of Fayette, Ross, Madison, and Pickaway, and in this call-
ing w^as unusually successful. He was married, October 4, 1859, to
Mrs. Elizabeth Jane Leavell, nee Timmons, of this county. She
was the widow of John B. Leavell, by whom she bore one son,
Benjamin, born September 27, 1854. Mrs. Clarridge was born,
April 11, 1835.

To Mr. and Mrs. Clarridge have been born tw^o daughters and
one son: Liez G., born January 11, 1861; married Benjamin W.
Leavell. Alta Errilla, born February 3, 1864. Howard Amasa,
born September 6, 1873.

In the year 1860 Mr. Clarridge and his wnfe located on the, farm
on which they now reside, and have ever since given their time
and efi^orts to honest industry. The farm comprises one hundred
and forty acres, and is situated on both sides of the Deer Creek
pike. Mr. Clarridge is a man of good judgment and public spirit,
having, ever since he became a man, stood in the front ranks of
enterprise. He is a leading member of the Republican party in the
county, and though residing in a township largely Democratic, he
has for many successive years held the ofiice of township trustee,
and during previous years was township clerk.

He and his wife are both members of the Methodist- Episcopal
Church, and Mr. Clarridge is superintendent of Sabbath-school at
Waterloo.

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 943

WILLIAM CLAWSON.

William Clawson was born, May 6, 1836, and is the seventh
child, and second son of lYilliani and Tabitha (Chambers) Clawson,
of Ross Connty, Ohio, who were married, April 12, 1818, in that
connty. Grandfather Chambers was from Ireland.

William Clawson, sr., was born, July 16, 1790, and died, March
2, 1852. His wife, Tabitha, was born, July 30, 1793, and died,
February 2, 1866.

John, Sarah, Nancy, Richard, Keziah, Ollie, and William, were
the sons and daughters of Thomas and Elizabeth Clawson, grand-
parents of this subject. These were all born in Virginia, and came
to Ohio in 1800, settling at Frankfort. William, sen., was the
father of Strawder, Eliza, Elizabeth, Leeann, Ollie, Keziah, and
William. They were all born in Ross Connty, Ohio, and where our
subject lived to the age of nineteen, then he came to this county,
near I^ew Holland.

His early education was limited by the disadvantages surround-
ing his early life, and his qualifications are more the result of busi-
ness contact with a bus\ world, than of close study. Mr. Clawson
was married, October 14, 1863, to Mary McCoy, daughter of James
and Sophia (Beck) McCoy, of Ross County. She was born, Sep-
tember 20, 1845, and died, October 25, 1874, at the age of twenty-
nine. She was a woman much esteemed, and her death was la-
mented by a large circle of friends.

Mr. Clawson has had fair success as a farmer, and by his indom-
itable energy, has surmounted difficulties that would have
overwhelmed the ordinary man. His farm, on the Columbus road,
near Madison Mills, shows signs of careful management. He has
been a successful stock breeder and shipper.

BENJAMIN F. COOK.

Benjamin F. Cook, farmer, is the son of Isaac T. and Elizabeth
(Lewis) Cook, and the grandson of Isaac Cook, sen., who settled in
Ross County, in 1804. The grandfather died in that county, and
of his ancestry, little more can be said than that they were of Scotch
descent.

This subject was born March 14, 1838, and was married, Febru-

944 HtsTORV OP Payette county.

ary 26, 1879, to Fannie J., dangliter of Levin and Susan Bennett,
of Madison County. She was born Januaiy 18, 1856. They have
one chihl, Benjamin F., jr., born March 22, 1880.

Our subject gives the principal part of his time to farming and
stock raising, in which pursuits he has been reasonably successful.
During the late civil war, he did honorable service as a sergeant in
Company H, 60th O. Y. I., and participated, with his regiment, in
the eventful campaigns in Virginia, during the early part of the
great conflict. He was captured and paroled by the enemy, at Har-
per's Ferry, in September, 1862. In politics he is a Republican.
His father, Isaac T. Cook, was born March 6, 1797, and died, April
9, 1873. His mother, Elizabeth L. Cook, was born January 15,
1804, and died November 30, 1872. His brother, John J. Cook,
died September 23, 1852.

MATTHEW S. COOK.

Isaac Cook, the grandfather of M. Cook, was a native of Ken-
tucky, He came to Ohio, and located near Chillicothe, before the
year 1800. He w^as the father of Isaac, jr., Joseph, Matthew^ S.,
sen., William, JVIaria, Phfjebe, Luc}', and Margaret.

Matthew S. Cook, sen., was born in the year 1800. In the prime
of his life he was surveyor of Boss County. In the year 1837, he
married Ellen, second daughter of Edward Tiffin, the iirst governor
of Ohio. By this marriage they became the parents of Mary, Mar-
garet, Edw^ard, Thea, Matthew^ S., Lucy Maria, Ellen, aiid William,
all of whom are living. The parents are also living, and are resi-
dents of Chillicothe. The daughter, Maria, married Br, Webb, of
Kentucky, and their daughter Lucy became the wife of R. B. Hayes,
twenty-third governor of Ohio, and nineteenth president of the
United States.

Our subject was fairly educated, and at the age of twenty-one,
assumed the management of a large estate in this township. He is
a single man, of steady, studious habits, giving his time to his own
affairs — a man of few words, but w^ho impresses a stranger favor-
ably.

JONAH B. CORSON.

Jonah B. Corson, farmer, w^as born June 26, 1853, in this tow^u-

MADtSoN TOWNSHli*. 945

sliip. He is the second son of Benjamin and Nancy (Baldwin)
Corson, who were also natives of this township. The edncation of
our subject was obtained at the conmion schools of the neighbor-
hood, and is of no inferior kind. He gives attention to farming,
and legitimate trading on a moderate scale, and is a young man of
good judgment in matters pertaining to his sphere of life. He is
a young man of good standing where he is known, and bids fair
for a bright future. His mother was the youngest daughter of the
family. She died, in 1854, leaving four children : Minerva, Martha
J., Margaret A., and Jonah B.

WESLEY cox.

John Cox, the father of this subject, was a native of Maryland,
and came to Ohio in about the year 1800. He settled in Ross
County, near the present city of Chillicothe. His wife, Isabel
Arington, was also from Maryland. They were the pa,rents of.
eight children : Sarah, Phoebe, Mary, Joseph, David, Rebecca, Nel-
son, and Wesley; these wej-e all born in Ohio.

"Wesley, the youngest of the family, was born in Madison Coun-
ty, May 13, 1833. He was married, November 12, 1857, to'Mary^
Catharine Porter, the eleventh child of Robert and Mary (Thomas)
Porter, of Madison County. The Porters were Virginians, and
immigrated to this county about 1820. The Thomas family came
a few years later. To Robert and Mary Porter were born eleven
children : John Milton, Robert, Moses, Rebecca, Lucinda, GritHth,
William, Daniel, Benjamin, Isaac, and Mary.

In coming to Ohio, Robert Porter started in a two-horse wagon,
but one horse failing on the way, the wagon was sold, the goods
packed on the stoutest horse, and the mother, with her son Robert
in her arms, made the rest of the trip riding upon the same horse
which carried the household effects. Mr. Porter died in August,
1851.

Mrs. Cox was born June 4, 1839. To the marriage of Mr. and
Mrs. Cox have been born three children : A son, born September
16, 1858, died in infancy; Lucinda May, born September 8, 1859,
died March 4, 1864; Aimer W., born September 19, 1864. Follow-
ing their marriage, they spent four years in Madison County, the
next four in Fayette, and the next five in Madison. They then
came to their present location, near Madison Mills, where they have

946 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

ever since resided, on their comfortable little farm. They have
been members of the Christian Church since 1859.

AARON CRISPIN.

Aaron Crispin, farmer, and the subject of this sketch, is a native
Buckeye, and was born near South Charleston, January 2, 1825.
He is the first son, and third child, of Francis and Fannie (Gaines)
Crispin. The father of our subject was a native of New Jersey;
the mother of Virginia. They came to Ohio early in the present
century, settling first in Ross County. In 1815, they came to Clarke
County.

Our subject became a citizen of this county in 1838, and on the
9th of May, 1846, was united in marriage to Maria E., daughter of
Isaac and Deborah (Grant) Thomas, of this county. The Thomases
were among the early settlers of this township.

This union resulted in six sons aud two daughters : Francis M.
(deceased), Marion, Isaac M., Anderson M., Abraham (deceased),
William Ervin, Mary Elizabeth, and Eliza Jane.

Our subject has a military record worthy of a place in history.
He en'listed in September, 1864, serving in Company L, Fifth Ken-
tucky Cavalry. They campaigned in Georgia, South Carolina,
and North Carolina, participating in a number of engagements,
and were at Fort McAllister, at the taking of Savannah, Decem-
ber, 1864. He was honorably discharged following the grand re-
view at the nation's capital. He is a gentleman of the old, sub-
stantial sort, and is one of the few yet alive who has had the expe-
rience of driving hogs from Ohio to the markets of the East, re-
turning on foot. This he has done repeatedly. He now carries on
a farm three and a half miles from Madison Mills.

HENRY FULTON.

Henry Fulton, the eighth child, and fifth son, of William and
Eliza (Loofbourrow) Fulton, was born in Ross County, Ohio, Aug-
ust 3, 1826. His grandparents, John A. and Lavina (Irwin) Fulton,
were of Pennsylvania, and came to Ohio in 1801, settling in Ross
County.

John A. was a prominent surveyor of that early day, and in later
years his son William pursued the same profession.

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 947

Henry, in his youth, enjoyed the meager advantages of the early
schools of that time, and the prominent business qualities of the
man Fulton, are more the results of practical contact with the
world, than of his early schooling.

In ITovember, 1846, he married Lettice, daughter of Shreve Pan-
coast, To their union has been born nine children : Wade, Shreve,
Maggie, William, Polly, EfRe, Franklin P., Harry, and Laban.
Franklin P. died August 8, 1868, aged eight years.

Our subject is a man of local prominence, having served his town-
ship, either as trustee or treasurer, for the past twenty years, and
was land appraiser in 1880. He owns two hundred and fifty acres
of choice land at Madison Mills. Is a member of Bloomingburg
Lodge, and of the Chapter, F. & A. M., at Washington, and treas-
urer of Madison Grange I*^o. 229.

SHRIEVE GASKILL.

The Gaskills were Pennsylvanians, and came to this state in
1809, settling two miles east of Waterloo, in Pickaway County.

Shrieve, the subject of this sketch, was the son of Caleb and
Elizabeth Gaskill, and was born June 8, 1806. He married Cynthia,
daughter of Thomas and Mary (Harve}^) Barton, of Virginia.
Their marriage took place January 5, 1827. Mrs. Gaskill was born
July 28, 1812. To this marriage was born ten children : Elizabeth,
born October 6, 1828, wife of Warford Young ; Harriet, born June
2, 1830, wife of Laban Timmons; Mary Ann, born January 23,
1832, wife of James Young; Lewis, born January 30, 1834, died
October 29, 1835; Sophronia, born April 22, 1836, died January 4,
1837; James W., born April 13, 1837, married Mary Lysinger;
Orrelius J., born September 19, 1839, died August 4, 1851 ; Vin-
cent H., born August 5, 1842 ; Warford Nilson, born I*Tovember
19, 1844, died August 24, 1861 ; Artie, born June 19, 1846, died
August 8, 1867.

Mr. Gaskill accumulated considerable property during a busy
life time, and died in 1875, at the age of sixty-three years. He
was a man of sterling qualities, greatly esteemed for his character,
which was that of an upright, consistent Christian. He was a mem-
ber of the Christian Church at Waterloo, and in the support of the
ministry and other expenses of the church, he was liberal to a
fault.

948 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

During the years of the rebellion, he was known as a man who
stood firm for the right, and in word and deed went in for a vigor-
ous prosecution of the war.

His son, Vincent H., was fairly educated in the common schools,
and at an early age evinced a taste for books. He began reading
medicine in 1860, completing his studies, in 1863, graduating at the
Old Berkshire Medical Institution, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 'No-
vember of the same year.

In the following January, he entered the United States service
as assistant surgeon, ranking as first lieutenant. He did duty at
Monnd City and Cairo, Illinois, till the war closed. Following
this, he engaged in the practice of medicine in Waterloo, meeting
with deserved success. His reputation and standing as a physician,
place him in the front rank of practitioners of this county.

Dr. Gaskill has been twice married ; his first wife, Frances Mess-
more, died January , 1876 : she bore one son, Pliny E. To his present
wife, he was married March, 1879. To this marriage has been one
child, Ralph, born January, 1880.

LEVI GRIFFIN.

The subject of this sketch gave his life that the country might
live. All that was mortal of Levi Griflin fills the grave of a heroic
soldier of the Union, and awaits the reveille of the martyr. He
was born on the 18th of May, 1828, and was the son of Caleb and
Martha (Pliley) Griffin, of Indiana. He came to Ohio with hi«
parents when a child, and on the 22d day of October, 1849, he was
married to Kebecca V., seventh child of James and Kachel (Cart-
mill) Nutt, of Clarke County. Caleb and Martha Griffin had but
two children : Levi and Harriet. James and Rachel I^utt were the
parents of thirteen children : Sarah, John, Elizabeth, Catherine,
Nancy, William, Rebecca, James Monroe, Hannah Jan"e, Lucinda,
George W., Matilda D., and Madison Willis.

To Levi and Rebecca V. Griffin were born five children: George
v., born April 10, 1851 ; Nathaniel Willis, born August 26, 1852;
Elizabeth, born August 30, 1855, died August 80, 1856; Laura
Jane, born January 3, 1857; John Franklin, born October 22, 1858.

Mr. Griffin answered the country's call for troops by enlisting in
Company G, 113th O. V. I., in August, 1862. His regiment was
a part of the second brigade, second division, fourteenth army

'^ ' MADISON TOWNSHIP. 949

corps, and participated at Chickaraauga, Kenesaw Mountain, Ben-
tonville, and many other hotly contested fields. On the 27th day
of June, 1864, while charging the works of the enemy at Kenesaw
Mountain, Georgia, Levi Griflin was instantly killed, and Was hur-
ried on the field after the hattle. His bereaved widow makes her
home in Waterloo, and by the assistance of a pension from the
government lives comfortably. His children are the wards of the
nation he died to save.

ALEXANDER GRIM.

. Alexander Grim, farmer, is the youngest son and fourth child of
Jonathan and Betsey (Long) Grim. He was born in Ross County,
this state, July 25, 1815. His father's family consisted of four
sons and four daughters : John, Jacob, William, Alexander, Polly,
Susan, Elizabeth, and Sarah.

Our subject was married in the year 1836, to Elizabeth Cochran,
of Ross County. They had four children : Mary Ann, Susan,
Margaret, and John. Mrs. Grim died in Ross County, in 1840.
Mr. Grim was again married, in the year 1844, to Jane Dick, of
this county. By this marriage eight children have been born :
William, Charles, Martha J., Ann, Jacob W., James M., Laura
Alice and Evan.

Mr. Grim has been a resident of this county since 1840. He
owns a farm, and is comfortably fixed for life.

JOSEPH S. HARRISON.

Joseph S. Harrison, farmer, was born in Madison Township,
June 23, 1851, and is the first child of John J. and Cynthia A.
(Shuffleberger) Harrison. His father was born in the same town-
ship ; his mother was a native of Virginia. Batteal Harrison, his
grandfather, was one of the early settlers of Madison Township,
and did much in locating land claims for early settlers. The Har-
rison family are directly related to William H. Harrison, ninth
president of the United States.

Mr. Harrison was educated in the common schools of the neigh-
borhood, obtained a fair education, and by years of practical busi-
ness life, has added much knowletlge to his store of book learning.

On the 28th of August, 1878, he married Margaret, first daughter

950 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

of Henry Fulton, of Madison Township. Their only child, Nellie,
was born IVIay 17, 1880.

Mr. Harrison was elected to the office of justice of the peace,
for Madison Township, April 4, 1881. He possesses the proper
qualities of a good officer.

JOHN W. KELLOUGH.

John W. Kellough, farmer, was born in Indiana, July 5, 1839,
and is the only son of John W. sen., and Rebecca (Pummel) Kel-
lough of that state. The Kellough ancestry were from Scotland.
Mr. Kellough came to this state, with his parents, at six weeks of
age. He has but one sister, Mary Jane, wife of Samuel P. McLean,
a resident of Madison County.

Our subject obtained a good education in his youth, and for
several years taught school in Ross and Pike counties. He was
married, June 5, 1862, to Senith V., daughter of Henry and Mary
(Vinsonhaler) Poole, of Ross County.

George Vinsonhaler, the grandfather, of Mrs Kellough, was a
native of Virginia, but was among the early pioneers of Ross Coun-
ty, and it is said he assisted in laying out Chillicothe. Mrs. Kel-
lough is of a family of seven children: Martha, Henry, Eleanor,
(deceased,) Mary, Senith V., Emma C. and Christina. Mr. and
Mrs. Kellough have had born to them ten children : Mary,
born June 28, 1863 ; Charles Creighton, born Januarj^ 4, 1865;
Anna, born September 11, 1866 ; Nellie Dun, born February 20,
1868 ; Sallie Candis, born January 23, 1869 ; John "William, born
March 17, 1870; Claude H., born January 27, 1872, died November
28,1878; Jesse Paul Ross, born April 17, 1874; Christine Kate,
born September 20, 1877 ; Guy Robert, born March 2, 1881.

Mr. Kellough owns and occupies a farm of two hundred and
four acres, lying partly in Madison and partly in this county. He
resides on that part lying in Madison County, but in his business
and other relations, he is indentified with the people of this county.
He is a man of intelligence, and his children have a taste for books
and study.

JAMES M. NOBLE.

This subject is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born October

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 951

21, 1833. He is the third son of James and Jane (Moore) Noble,
who came to this state in 1835, settling in Guernsey County,
where the father still resides.

The senior Noble was three times married. By the first wife he
is the father of William, Samuel, James M., Margaret Ann, Sarah
Jane and John Watson ; by the second wife, Mary Elizabeth,
Ethalinda, Joseph D., David and Thomas Pollock; by the third
wife, Ezekiel and George.

Our subject enjoyed limited means of education, but made snch
careful use of his opportunities of study, as to obtain more than an
ordinary education. He was a teacher of some experience in the
years preceding his marriage. He was married July 29, 1856, to
Maggie P., seventh child of William and Phoebe (Mannen) Ing-
mire, of this state.

Mrs. Noble's father was a native of Maryland ; her mother was
from one of the New England States. Her father's family were
Snowden, Nancy, George, Martha Ann, Edmond, James, Maggie
P., Sarah J., Thomas, (died of wounds received at the battle of
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania,) David, John, Lavina C, William and
Mary. The sons all served in the Union army except William.
Their mother died from the result of an accident from a runaway
horse, in the year 1864 ; the father died six weeks later.

To Mr. and Mrs. Noble have been born three sons and eight
daughters: Mary Elizabeth, born February 18,1857, died October
3, 1863 ; Emma J., born June 12, 1858, married September 23,
1879, to Franklin R. Crow; Elmer E., born February 3, 1861, died
October 2, 1867; Charles Vernon, born August 9, 1863; Ida, born
July 8, 1865 ; Alfaretta, born August 1, 1867 ; Lulu May, born Oc-
tober 7, 1869 ; Lenora Dell, born June 23, 1872 ; Maud Lettice,
born July 24, 1875; Warren Pendleton, born August 2, 1877;
Maggie Frances, born January 1, 1879.

Mr. Noble is practically a lumber and saw-mill man, having
managed a saw-mill for more than twenty-six years. For the past
years he has given attention to his farm of one hundred and four
acres, near Madison Mills, on the nortli fork of Paint. This farm
he purchased in 1865.

He has served as trustee of Madison Township for the past eleven
years ; is Master of Madison Grange, No. 229 ; represented the
county in the State Grange three times ; is a member of Bloom-
ingburg Lodge, No. 449, F. & A. M.; a member of Fayette Chap-

952 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ter, No. 108, and of Ely Commandery, ]^o. 28. He and his wife
are members of the Presbyterian Church of Bloomingburg ; the
four ohiest daughters are Methodists. Mr. Noble is superintendent
of the Sabbath-school, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Mad-
ison Mills.

JAMES W. m'cAFFERTY.

James Wilson McCafferty is the second son and fourth child of
William and Elizabeth (Mace) McCafferty, of Madison Township.
He was born in the above township, March 21, 1853, and had the
advantages of a common school education. He applied himself
well to his studies, and by so doing obtained a fair education.

He was married Mar.ch 13, 1877, to Mary, second daughter and
fifth child of Henry and Lettice (Pancoast) Fulton, of Madison
Mills. Mrs. McCafferty was born January 13, 1855. They have
had one daughter born to their marriage, Marie, born June 12,
1879.

See biographies of Henry Fulton and William McCafferty.

JAMES M. NUTT.

James Monroe Nutt, is the eighth child and third son of his par-
ents, James and Kachel (Cartmill) Nutt, of Virginia, in which state
James was born January 1, 1821. His grandparents, John and
Elizabeth (Houston) Nutt, came with their family and settled on
the lands now occupied by Cornelius Leavell, in the year 1800.
The parents and grandparents of our subject, died in the same
place. The children of liachel and James Nutt, were John, Sarah,
Elizabeth, Catherine, Nancy, William, Rebecca, James M., Anna
J., Lucinda, George, Matilda and Madison.

Our subject was married, to Mildred Cline, in the year 1842.
Mrs. Nutt is the daughter of Henry and Catherine (Ramsey) Cline,
of this county, and was born in 1823. They have had eight chil-
dren born to them: Joanna, Lafayette, Angeline, Cornelius, James
Mack, Serepta, Irvin W. and Elvina. Serepta and Trvin are de-
ceased.

Joanna, married Phillip Sockman ; Lafayette, married Frances
Callender ; Angeline, married Allen Keller ; Cornelius, married
Mary Holby ; James M. married Sarah Haggart ; Elvina, married
Samuel Holby.

MADISON TOAVNSHIP. 953

Mr. J^utt began for himself on a capital of eighty dollars, bought
some stock, and by successive years of hard labor and careful in-
vestment, has obtained a comfortable home near Waterloo. His
son, Lafayette, did honorable service as a soldier in the late war.
Mr. Nutt v^as educated very sparingly in the schools of the early
time; but to this meagre store of knowledge, has added much by
observation, reading, and contact with the world.

JOSHUA MAHAN.

See page 612.

JOHN MESSMORE.

The parents of John Messmore were natives of Pennsylvania,
and came to Ohio in the year 1809, settling in Licking County.
Our subject was born in 1808. He is of a family of seven children:
Susanna, Mary, Laban, John, Eliza, and Rhoda.

Mr. Messmore was brought up to hard labor, and in his youth
learned the business of carding and fulling. At twenty-eight
years of age he came to the neighborhood of Waterloo, and es-
tablished himself in the woolen-mill business ; carried it on for
forty years, keeping pace with the many improvements that per-
tained to the trade in that time. In 1866 he sold his factory to
his son, and in 1871 bought the Pancoast Mills on Deer Creek,
above Waterloo, where he has since carried on the flouring busi-
ness.

He was married, Deceniber 13, 1829, to Jerusua, daughter of
Isaiah and Lettice Pancoast, born June 4, 1805, and fifty years
afterwards, December 13, 1879, celebrated, with a multitude of
friends, their golden wedding. Just one year later — December 13,
1880 — his esteemed companion died. They were the parents of
seven children who grew to maturity : Mariamne, Flavins J.,
Alvin L., Aurelius B., Otis B., Rienzi W., and Francenia. Of
these only three survive. Alvin L. married Evaline Leach, of this
county. He served in the war as captain of Company G, llSth'O.
V. I., and was an officer of more than ordinary soldierly bearing.
He [is now a resident of St. Louis. Aurelius B. married Sarah
Lindsey, and resides in Kansas. Rienzi W. married Mary F. Kel-
ley, and resides in Waterloo.

954 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Uncle John Messmore is a man of steady habits, and unswerv-
ing Christian character. For the past forty years he has lived a
consistent member of the Old School Predestinarian Baptist Church.
The society of which he is a member was established at the house
of Isaiah Pancoast in the year 1813.

WILLIAM M. LEACH.

This subject is the second son of William B. and Mary (Monroe)
Leach, of Virginia. On his mother's side, he is related to James
Monroe, fifth president of the United States. His grandfather,
Colonel William Monroe, after whom our subject was named, served
with distinction in the Revolutionary War. Mr. Leach's father
served in the war of 1812.

Our subject was born in Frederick County, Virginia, June 9,
1825, and at ten years of age came to Ohio with his father's family.
They settled on what is now the land of O. W. Loot bourrow, near
Mount Sterling. His father's family were Edgar B., William M.,
Sarah A., John 'N., George T., Henry C, Mary C, and Benjamin F.

Our subject was married, March 18, 1847, to Clarissa J., daugh-
ter of Adoniram and Roxaua Bostwick, of Madison County. She
was born July 29, 1827. Her father's children were Sally, Clarissa
J., William, Caroline, Eliza Ann, Benjamin F. and Otho W. (twins),
and Celesta.

They have had eight children born to them : Asher B., born
August 31, 1848, died April 15, 1854; Adoniram B., born October
5, 1849, married M^n'tle Parker, and lives in Kansas ; Mary F., born
]^ovember 26, 1851, married Cary Haines, and lives in Millville,
Ohio; Finley, born October 27, 1854, died in infancy; Mabel G.,
born September 24, 1857, married William H. Peasly, January 29,
1874, died October 7, 1875; Thurman B., born July 9, 1861, died
,March 16, 1862; Viola, born May 23, 1872, died June 19,1872;
Burl, born August 31, 1875, died in September, 1875.

Ralph Peasl}^ son of W. H. and Mabel (Leach) Peasly, lives with
his grandparents since his mother's death, which occurred when
Ralph was but seven months old.

The Bostwicks were originally from Vermont. Adoniram, the
father of Mrs. Leach, was one of the early settlers of this township,
and settled near Yankeetown. He now lives in Pike County. His
father, William Bostwick, came to Ohio, with a large family, in

I

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 955

1808, or 1810. His children were Adoniram, Sarah, Joseph, Fred-
erick, WilHam, Lucy Ann, Oliver, and Adiey. Adoniram, Sarah,
Oliver, and Adley, were long residents of this county.

C. G. LEAVELL.

Cornelius Gaines Leavell, farmer, was born in this township, No-
vember 7, 1825, and is the tirst son and second child of John and
Cynthia (Hedges) Leavell. His parents came to Ohio in 1797, from
Virginia. To them were born Mary Ann, Cornelius G., John Boli-
var, Benjamin Franklin, N'ancy, Melinda, and Hannah Elizabeth.

Our subject was married, April 17, 1849, to Emma Harr, youngest
daughter of James and Mary Harr, of Ross CDunt3^ She was born
in that count}^. May 23, 1829. Her parents had born to them six
children : Elizabeth, James, William, Mary, Martha, and Emma.

To this union two children have been born : John P., born March
25, 1850, married Frankie Gamble, of this county, June 16, 1878;
Benjamin W., born May 12, 1856, married Inez G. Clarridge, Octo-
ber, 1880.

Our subject has resided in this township all his life, and has given
his time and energies to hard work and legitimate trade, accumu-
lating a valuable farm, and other representatives of wealth. He
owns one hundred and thirty-five acres of land in Union, and five
hundred and seventy-six acres in this township, and is one of the
heaviest tax-payers of the township. He has, in years past, served
the township as trustee, treasurer, and clerk, and in his ofiicial
character was noted for honesty and efficiency. He pays consider-
able attention to afifairs of a public character, is a constant reader,
and for twenty years past has taken a daily paper. His politics are
of the staunch Republican sort, a fact made prominent in all the
later years ot his life.

JOHN LINDSEY.

John, sen., and Nancy Lindsey came from Virginia to Ohio, in
1809, and located first in Ross, and subsequently in Pickaway Coun-
ty, where they died. They were the parents of the following chil-
dren : John, Jacob, Thomas, Abram, James, Doratha, and Sarah
and Phoebe (twins).

Li 1802, Abram, father of our subject, was married, in Virginia,

956 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

to Abigail Stewart, and came to Ohio with his parents, and died in
Pickaway Connty. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. To him
were born the following children: Sally, Thomas, Mary, John,
Nancy, Samnel, and Abraham.

John spent the years of his minority in Pickaway Connty. He
was sparingly edncated in the common schools of the early times.
He Avas married, JSTovember 9, 1839, to Sarah, daughter of John
and Barbara (Hedrick) Bouse, of Virginia. The Bouses came to
Ohio in 1821 ; they were of Dutch descent. Mrs. Lindsey was born
February 17, 1819.

To this union nine children were born: Abraham, born Septem-
ber 11, 1840; Thomas F., born January 6, 1843; Phoebe, born I^o-
beniber 28, 1845, died July 22, 1863; John Clinton, born July 25,
1848, died Angust 13, 1848; James, born September 9, 1849; Mary
J.; born September 17, 1852; Sarah Missouri, born August 12, 1856;
Abbie, born September 2, 1859; Charles, born March 17, 1862.
Thomas married Marietta Dyer, January 31. I860; Abraham mar-
ried Catharine Glaze, November 29,1864; James married Elizabeth
Taylor, January 18, 1872 ; Missouri married J. W. Long, January
23, 1875 ; Mary J. married Amos Van Pelt, August 23, 1879.

Our subject has seen much of the rough side of life. In 1840,
he bought twenty acres of land in this connty, and began house-
keeping with a very scanty outfit of household goods. He had no
chairs, no table, and scarcely anything but muscle and determina-
tion. Little by little, he triura[)hed over the difficulties by which
he was confronted, and the rule of his life has been, " No surrender."
He delights in recounting the trials and triumphs of his busy life.
He tells that he was nineteen years old when he wore his first pair
of boots; that he has assisted to thresh wheat with a flail, and then
to clean the grain by tossing it into the air, while two persons
fanned the chaif from the wheat by means of a sheet. The first
fanning-mill he ever saw, was made by Joseph Britton, near New
Holland. At one time he owned five hundred and thirty-one acres
of fine land, on Paint Creek. This was all swallowed up, to pay
another's debts. He began life again, with three horses and one
cow% and now owns a fine farm of three hundred and thirty-one
acres. He deals largely in hogs and sheep. His wife takes pride
in the fact that she has shared, the sunshine and shadow of her
husband's eventful life. She tells of hoeing corn, when a girl of
fourteen, for twelve and one-half cents a day, and thereby obtain-

MABISON TOWNSHIP, 957

iiig the cash to bn\' hei" first calico dress, of six yards. ^Sbe has
gone to mill many a time, carrying the family grist on horseback.
She has in her possession a dinner-pot, in which the venison was
prepared for the antecedents of the Lindseys, a century ago.

PETER LOHR.

Peter Lohr, farmer and produce dealer, was ])orn in Augusta
County, Virginia, near Staunton, May 22, 1819. He came to Ohio,
February 24, 1844, and, with his father's family, located near Bloom-
ingburg, this county.

Peter Lohr, the grandfather of this subject, was a native of Penn-
sylvania, but spent the greater part of his life in Virginia, in which
state he died. He never resided in Ohio. His children were Susan,
Peter, Polly, John, and Christian.

The sons and daughters of Christian Lohr, were William, Julia
Ann, Catharine, Mary Frances, Elizabeth, Margaret, Peter, Sarah,
George, and Janet.

Our subject was married. May 22, 1850, to Elizabeth Corson, fifth
daughter, and eleventh child, of Richard ana Mary (Baldwin) Cor-
son, of Ohio. The Baldwins settled in Ohio about 1812. To this
union were born eight children : Mary J., born February 2, 1853,
died March 6,1853; Clara A., born March 2, 1855, married to Wil-
son Beale, October 14, 1875 ; Richard C, born October 24, 1857,
died December 2, 1857 ; Martha A., born September 23, 1858, died
October 11, 1858; John R., born April 12, I860; Rosetta B., born
March 3, 1865, died April 22, 1865 ; Ardessa M., born March 2,
1866.

In 1862, he bought a farm of one hundred acres, liear the village
of White Oak, on the banks of I'aint, where he now lives in com-
fort. Since 1867, he has been engaged in the produce business,
keeping a wagon on the road at all favorable seasons, and exchang-
ing goods for country produce. He has had great success, and
holds a large trade.

MADISON LOOFROURROM'.

Madison Loofbourrow, farmer, is the only child of Laban H.
Loof bourrow, of this township. (For his genealogy, see his father's
biography.) He was born February 28, 1839, and spent tlie years

958 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

of hia. minority on the farm, with his father, obtaining a fair edu-
cation by careful study at the common schools.

He was married, September 1, 1864, to Elizabeth Ellen, only
child of Benjamin F. and Hannah (Halsted) Alkire, of Pickaway
County. The Halsteds were from Kew York. To this union have
been born eight children': Frank Lee, born July 31, 1865; Laban
Van, born February 15, 1867; Don Juan, born November 3, 1868;
Nellie, born March 16, 1871; Lucy, born September 21, 1872;
Charlie, born in 1874; infant son, deceased, born September 26,
1878; infant daughter, born March 16, 1881.

Following their marriage, they located on the farm where they
now reside, since which time they have given special attention to
farming, and in this pursuit have prospered. For a number of
years past, during the sunimer and fall seasons, he has been a great
suiierer from hay fever, on account of which affliction, he has made
frequent trips to the wilds of Michigan and the mountains of Vir-
ginia, during which time he gives himself up to the excitement of
hunting, trapping, and fishing. He has in his possession many
trophies of the chase, which he exhibits to visitors with evident
dehght, recounting his hair-breadth escapes and romantic experi-
ences in the forest.

At one time, while in northern Michigan, in company with an
Indian hunter, called " Greasy Jim," the two were attacked by a
large she bear, whose cub the party had wounded. The bear
sprang upon the Indian, felled him to the ground, and was on the
point of sending him to the •• happy hunting-ground," when a well-
directed shot from the rifle of Mr. Loof bourrow, laid her dead, and
rescued the Indian. A moment later, a cub bear, a mate to the
wounded one, made its appearance in the bushes, was pursued, cap-
tured, and brought home by Mr. Loof bourrow. It became a great
pet, but after a few years, fearing it might become vicious, and do
some one injury, it was killed.

In the fall of 1879, while in Michigan, at Boardman's Swamps,
he was trailing an old bear and her two cubs, and coming suddenly
upon them, he shot and killed all of them with four shots, inside of
a minute, using a Winchester rifle. He is not only a good hunter,
but a skillful farmer, to which statement his well-tilled farm, of
two hundred and fifteen acres, bears testimony. His wife is an ex-
cellent shot, and can bring the head off' a chicken, oft'-hand, with
ease.

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 959

LABAI^ H. LOOFBOURROW.

John Wade Loofbourrow, the grandfather of Laban H., was a
Virginian, a minister of the Baptist Church, born April 28, 1748.
He married Mary Half, September 10, 1767. Their children were:
Abigail, Jacob, Sarah, Rebecca, Mary, David, John, Benjamin,
Wade, Ebenezer, Thomas, and x^athan.

Nathan, the youngest son and father of Laban H, was born in
Virginia, December 22, 1794, and when a small boy came to Ohio.
He married Hannah Pancoast, of this county, April 13, 1815, and
became the father of Laban H., Lemuel P., Sophronia, Amanda,
Naomi, Pamelia and Cecelia (twins), and Mary.

Laban Haif, our subject, was born at the site of Washington C.
H., July 27, 1816, and in 1835 moved with his father's family to
Madison County, near Mount Sterling. He married Elizabeth Al-
kire, September 16, 1837. She was the first daughter of Jacob
and Polly (Phebus) Alkire, of Madison Count}', To this marriage
was born one son, Madison, February 28, 1839. Mrs. Loofbour-
row died January 5, 1879. Mr. Loofbourrow married his second
wife, Christina Beatty, December 25, 1879. She was the seventh
daughter and youngest child of Elijah and Anna (Miller) Beatty,
who were natives of Virginia. She was born in Ohio, June 20,
1837. Her grandfather, Charles Beatty, was a Baptist minister,
and came to Ohio in 1818. He died in 1852.

Mr. Loofbourrow has been very successful as a farmer and
trader. Besides being the owner of a fine farm of two hundred
and fifty-five acres on the Deer Creek pike, he owns some valuable
lands adjoining Mt. Sterling, and is a large stockholder in the
Farmers Bank of Mt. Sterling.

LEMUEL p. LOOFBOURROAV.

Lemuel Pancoast Loofbourrow was born in Franklin County,
Ohio, May 14, 1818. He is the second son of Nathan and Hannah
(Pancoast) Loofbourrow, who were natives of Virginia and Penn-
sylvania, respectively.

Our subject was married November 21, 1839, to Elizabeth Gra-
ham, first daughter of John and Lydia (Alkire) Graham, of Ken-
tucky. She was born in Madison County, Ohio, December 25,

960 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

1814. They have had ten children born to them, five sons and
five daughters : Annetta, born' Augast 30, 1840 ; Loretta, born
January 20, 1841 ; Malvhia, born July 13, 1843 ; John Graham,
born October 27, 1845 ; Nathan, born September 23, 1847 ; Alvan
Eugene, born June 4, 1849; Sophronia, born January 23, 1851,
and died at the age of fifteen months ; Solon, born April 23, 1853 ;
Helen M., born November 10, 1855, and died June 7, 1861 ; Lemuel
Harrison, born January 31, 1861.

Annette married, October, 1859. Her husband, Joseph Parker,
was a member of Company G, 113th 0. Y. I., and was killed at
Keuesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. His widow re-mar-
ried, October, 1869, to Dr. J. B. F. Morgan,, of Eoss County. Al-
bert Ross Parker, son of Joseph Parker, before named, has been a
part of his grandfather's family from infancy.

Malvina married Otho W. Loof bourrow, November 19, 1865. He
was a member of Company G, 113th O. V. L, second brigade,
second division, fourteenth army corps. He is the son of Thomas
and the grandson of James G. Loof bourrow, and resides in Madi-
son Count}'. They have had six children, three of whom are
living; Rena Helen, Milton F., and Bessie; Minnie, Ralph T., and
Nathan, are deceased.

John G. was married May 19, 1875, to Huldah Kauflfelt, of Mt.
Sterling, and has three children. He is cashier of the Farmers
Bank of Mt. Sterling.

Alvan married Mary Neff, March 23, 1876, and carries on the
home farm, in Madison Township.

Loretta, Nathan, Solon, and Harrison, are unmarried.

The father and mother of this interesting family still live, and
spend much of their time with their children. Mr. Loof bourrow
has acquired considerable wealth, and himself and his excellent
wife are free from many of the cares of this life.

JOSEPH OTT.

Joseph Ott, deceased, was a native of Virginia, and was born,
October 10, 1806. He was the oldest of a family of eleven chil-
dren, seven sons and four daughters: Joseph, Jacob, Benjamin^
WiUiam, Emanuel, John, George, Mary and Olive (twins), Augusta,
and Elizabeth.

Mr. Ott was married at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, September 12,

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 961

1833, to Ann, only child of James and Mary (Brooks) Burke, of
Loudon County, Virginia. The Burkes were of Scotch-Irish de-
scent. Mrs. Ott was born, June 1, 1812. To their union was born
ten children : Mary, born 1835; Clara, born 1837; James C, born
1839; Ann, born 1842, died 1875; Joseph IL, born 1845; Francis
A., born 1848 ; William R., born 1849 ; Loysious K., born 1852 ;
Margaret E., born 1854, died 1857 ; Byron E., born 1858.

Mr. Ott filled a responsible position in the United States Armory
at Harper's Ferry, for more than twenty-five years. He came to
Ohio in 1849, but returned to Virginia in 1850. He again came to
Ohio the same year. He spent three years atBloomingburg, and
in 1853 bought one hundred and fifty-three acres of land, at White
Oak, where the family now reside. Here he died, September 13,
1878, aged seventy-two years. He was a man of integrity, and his
death was much lamented.

Jacob Ott, the father of this subject, was born in Bucks County,
Pennsylvania, July 10, 1783, and died at Bloomingburg, this county,
June 12, 1865. His wife, Elizabeth, died, March 29, 1865, aged
eighty years.

SHREVE PANCOAST. V.

Shreve Pancoast, the subject of this sketch, was born in New
Jersey, December 23, 1788, and was the oldest of a family of ten
children : Shreve, Polly, Samuel, Hannah, Shetlock, Hope, Jerusha,
Isaiah, Eliza, and Ruhamma. The parents, Isaiah and Lettice
(Gaskill) Pancoast, came to Ohio in 1810.

Our subject was married, August 23, 1812, to Polly Myers, first
child of Samuel and Elizabeth (Smith) Myers, of Pennsylvania.
Polly was born in Virginia, in 1795, and in 1808 came to Ohio,
riding on a pack-horse. Eleven children Avere born to them : Ale-
thea, Samuel, Ruhamma, Elizabeth, Jonathan, Jerusha, Isaiah, and
Lettice (twins), Adeline, Benjamin F., and Shreve, jr. Isaiah, the
father of this subject, founded the village of Waterloo, in the year
1814. During the war of 1812, Shreve Pancoast served as a cor-
poral of Captain S. Hynes' company of Ohio militia.

Mr. Pancoast gave his life to farming, and in this pursuit was
successful. He died, August 20, 1866, aged seventy-seven years.
His aged widow, " Aunt Polly," and his youngest daughter, Ade-
line, have a comfortable home in the villao-e of Waterloo.

962 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

GEORGE B. PARRETT.

George B. Parrett is one of the most enterprising and industri-
ous farmers of this county. He was born in this county, on the 19th
of January, 1834, and is the youngest of a family of eight sons and
one daughter. His parents, Joseph J. and Rebecca (Fansher) Par-
rett, were natives of Tennessee, coming to Ohio from Coke County,
immediately following the close of the war of 1812. Mr. Parrett
was in the war of 1812, and among other sufferings, he subsisted
three days on a half pint of meal. Joseph J. and Rebecca were
the parents of nine childr'en : Isaac, Pleasant, Jackson, David,
Frederick, Benjamin, Minerva, Russell, and George B.

Isaac Fansher, the maternal grandfather of this subject, served
in the Revolutionary War. The Fanshers and Parretts came to
Ohio the same year. The former emigrated to Iowa, and the latter
became permanent residents of this county.

Our subject was married, August 21, 1856, to Amelia A., oldest
daughter of Dauiel and Mary E. (Webster) Bush, of this county.
Mrs. Parrett was born, September 10, 1835. The Bush ancestry
were from South Caroiina, and their descendants are numerous in
Union Township. Brice Webster, the grandfather of Mrs. Par-
rett, was an early merchant and physician of Washington.

Mr. and Mrs. Parrett have had born to them twelve children, all
of whom are living: Euphemie Estaline, born 1857, married Harry
S. Crow, 1878; Edward Ankney, born 1858, married to Frances
Taylor, 1880 ; Ella Gazelle, born 1860, married Dr. Jasper N. Clark,
1876; Florence Jane, born 1861; Ada Verrell, born 1863; War-
ren Webster, born 1864 ; Erie Harlan, born 1866 ; Alice Gertrude,
born 1868; Noyes Marvin, born 1871 ; Dio Ladell, born 1873 ; George
Clyde, born 1877 ; Annie Blanche, born 1881.

In 1859 Mr. Parrett bought two hundred and seventy-three acres
of land on the North Fork of Paint, where he now resides. He is
a prudent, temperate liver, and his family are full of health and in-
telligence. During a term of thirteen years past his doctor bill
amounted to only two dollars.

Mj". Parrett is an ardent Prohibitionist, and preaches and prac-
tices the same doctrine. He and his wife and other members of the
family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr.
Parrett is a working member of Madison Grange, gives especial

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 963

attention to his own business, has few equals in the township for
raising good crops, and breeding stock.

EDWARD A. PEASLEY.

The subject of this sketch was born in Boston, Mass., August 2,
1823. He is the son of Aaron M. and Louis (Woodward) Peasley,
of that state. Aaron Peasley came to Ohio about the year 1826,
and was for years a skillful engraver and die-sinker of Dayton,
Ohio. Before coming west, he invented a reed attachment to or-
gans, and some valuable improvements in calico printing. He died
in Dayton, Ohio, April 6, 1836. His children were Albert, William,
Theodore, Edward A., and Angeline. '

Our subject was married, July 30, 1873, to Margaret Pliley, of
Koss County. During the war of the rebellion, Mr. Peasley served
on the side of the Union, enlisting September 2, 1861, in the fif-
teenth regiment of United States troops, and spent much of his
term of service on recruiting duty at Buffalo, New York, Reading,
Pennsylvania, and other points. He was with his commander at
the memorable battle of Mission Ridge, November 1863, at which
place he was seriously wounded in his left arm, from the effects of
which he is permanently disabled. He, however, served to the end
of his term, and was honorably discharged. He afterwards re-
enlisted as a substitute in Company K, 65th O. V. I., serving the
latter part of his term in Company D, Veteran Reserve Corps. He
was in the service four years, during which time he served in many
positions of trust and responsibility.

Mr. Peasley's ingenuity and inventive genius are prominent feat-
ures of his character. He learned the trade of a blackstnith in his
minority, and afterwards the profession of dentistry. In the last
named profession, he excels in practical skill, and has given sixteen
years to its practice in this and adjoining counties.

Mr. Peasley gives much time and thought to mechanical experi-
ments, as a result of which he has perfected a farm gate of rare
merit, and a cant-hook, wliicli possesses many valuable points.
Since 1867, he has been selling goods in Waterloo, with some suc-
cess. His family consists of himself and wife.

WILLIAM. H. RIGGIN.

William H. Riggin is a quiet, honest citizen, of Madison Town-

964 HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

ship, and occupies a comfortable home on the White Oak road,
near Mount Sterling, and on the lands of M. S. Cook, sen. Harry,
as he is everywhere called, is the second son and third child of
Isaac C. and Lucinda (Baker) Higgin, of Pickaway County, and
was born, February 2, 1840. He was of a family of five children:
James L., Maria Jane, William H., John W., and Benjamin F.

Harry and his brother James E. were both members of Com-
pany G, 113th 0. V. I. James E. died while in the service, at
Nashville, Tennessee, June 1863. Harry bears honorable scars re-
ceived in the conflict, and has a proud record as a soldier, having
fought with Thomas, and marched with Sherman from the moun-
tains to the sea. John W.^died, December 23, 1874, leaving three
children.

Mr. Riggin married Mary E., oldest daughter of Levi and Ra-
chel (Heath) Southard, of Pickaway County, Ohio. To them have
been born, November 7, 1878, one son, Charlie.

Mr. Riggin enjoys the esteem and confidence of a wide circle of
friends and acquaintances.

-JEREMIAH J. RIGGIN.

Jeremiah J. Riggin is the fifth child, and second son, of William
C. and Ester M. (Low) Riggin, both of Delaware, in which state
this son was born December 1, 1816. Th^re were four sons and
seven daughters of his father's family : Isaac C, Jane, Emeline,
Elizabeth, Jeremiah J., Charles P., Deborah, Ellen, William and
Levin. The grandfather of this subject, Isaac Riggin, was of En-
glish descent.

The Riggins came to this state in 1833, and settled in Pickaway
County, near Deer Creek, where in 1835, the mother died. The
father, William C, died in the year 1870. But four of his children
yet survive : Isaac, Emeline, J. J., and Charles.

Jeremiah's first wife was the daughter of George and Catherine
(Porter) Richey, of Pickaway County, this state, to whom he was
married April 7, 1842. She died in 1844, leaving no children. On
the 17th of February, 1847, he married Mary Jane, only daughter
of James and Mary J. (Vandoler) Davis. She was born in 1828.
Six children have been born to them : William J., born May 7,
1848: George V., born May 31, 1850 ; John 0., born February 14,
1853; LawsonD., born May 19, 1857; Eber A., born March 14,

MADISON TOWNSHIP. 965

I860; Charles M., born November 7, 1862, died September 1, 1863.
Mr. Riggin has always been a hard worker, and by his indomi-
table energy, has triumphed over many difficulties. His farm of
one hundred and twenty -three acres is in a good state of cultivation.
During the late war, he made a proud record as a soldier, serving
with more than ordinary distinction as a member of Company G,
113th Regiment 0. V. I., 2d brigade, 2d division, 14th A. C. He
was made a sergeant of company, in September, 1863, for gallant
and meritorious conduct on the field of Chickamauga. He located
where he now Hves in 1848 ; has a well deserved reputation for
honesty, and is at peace with all men,

THOMAS J. SMITH.

Joseph P. Smith, the father of Thomas J. Smith, was born near
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, August 17,- 1797, and came to this state
in the year 1812. He was by trade a shoemaker. He was mar-
ried, in 1822, to Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Junk, one of the
first settlers of Scioto Valley, where the city of Chillicothe now
stands. Mr. Junk helped to raise the first house in Chillicothe.
After his marriage, Mr. Smith a-nd his young wife moved to Dela-
ware County, this state, where for seven years he carried on a small
farm, during which time three children were born to them.

In the year 1829, they removed to Ross County, where he bought
and improved one hundred acres of land, on which he lived eigh-
teen years, during which time four children were born to them,
three of whom died. The remainder of their children, one
daughter and three sons, grew to mature years. Finally, he
purchased a farm of one hundred and nineteen acres in Madison
Township, this county, where they closed their days.

Thomas J., the subject of this sketch, was born in Delaware
County, this state, February 27, 1825. He was married, October
18, 1849, to Angeline, daughter of Noah Cor}^, of Ross County.

Mr. Smith rented a small farm and remained a resident of Ross
County till 1853, when he bought sixty-seven acres of Jand, in Mad-
ison Township, in this county, upon which the family located per-
manently. At this time the surrounding woods abounded with
wild game, and wild turkeys in great numbers frequently came
among the domestic fowls about their humble abode. Vermin of
various kinds prowled by night, and annoyed by day. Here Mr.

906 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

and Mrs. Smith fought life's battles and achieved its victories
through many tribulations. The chills and fever v^as a great afflic-
tion : wet seasons spoiled the fruits of their toil, and the frosts often
swept off the labors of a season: but through all they triumphed,
and now in tlie ripeness of their declining years, they enjoy a
comfortable home of two hundred and thirty-six acres of well im-
proved lauds. They had born to them nine children : Apphiah,
born July 22, 1851 ; Lucretia EHzabeth, born August 6, 1852 ;
Joseph Noah, born August 3, 1855 ; Mary Jane, born ITovember
22, 1857 ; John Ellsworth, born September 15, 1861 ; Ida Angeline
Louisa, born July 27, 1866 ; Eddie Cory, and Eva Gary, (twins,)
born July 14, 1868; Calvin Emery, born July 1, 1872.

]!^athan Cory, Mrs. Smith's grandfather, came to this state, in
1797, from Kentucky. Previous to this date he had resided in
Virginia, and in emigrating to Kentucky, had descended the Ohio
River in a pirogue sixty feet long. This was probably in 1790.
Several families, twenty-seven persons in all, comprised the party.
The men of the party traveled overland and suffered much for lack
of food. They succeeded in killing a huge buffalo bull, from the
flesh of which their hungry needs were supplied. His first loca-
tion in this state, -vas near the site of Chillicothe. He afterwards
located near Oldtown, where he passed the rest of his eventful
life. When he reached his destination, in this state, his effects
consisted of a wife and six children, a pony and a dollar in cash.
The money was expended for a pack of salt. He was by trade a
hair-sieve maker, but gave much of his time to other pursuits. He
was for many years a deacon in the Baptist Church, and was after-
wards ordained an elder. He was married three times ; but his
family of ten sons and two daughters were all children of the first
wife.

The children of Noah and Lucretia (Shoots) Cory, were Sally,
Ann, Hannah Jane, Solomon, Thompson, Joseph Benjamin, Ange-
line, John Nathan, Mary Ellen, Elizabeth,, Nancy Louisa, Julian
Lucretia, William Noah, Landy Shoots, and Oliver Anson.

CYRUS p. WEST.

John West, the grandfather of Cyrus P. West, was a native of
Virginia, coming to Ohio in about A. D. 1800. His wife was Bar-
bara Plotter. They settled on Haller's Bottom, near Chillicothe,

MADISON TOWNSHIP.

967

on Paint Creek. The Plotters were Pennsylvanians. John and
Barbara "West were the parents of Sallle, George, Isaac, Huldah,
Allen P., John, Amos, Catherine, and Andrew P. The Wests are
noted for being tall and heavily built, and, with one exception, are
Republican in their politics.

Cyrus P. West is the oldest child of Allen and Isabel (Patterson)
West, of Ohio. They were the parents of four children : Cyrus
P., Robert, Sarah J., and Mary Josephine. The Pattersons were
Pennsylvanians, and Moses Patterson, the maternal grandfather of
our subject, was in the war of 1812. Robert and Sarah Patterson
were the parents of Isabel, Margaret, Sarah, Ellen, and Josephine.

Our subject was born, November 9, 1845. His early life was
spent in Highland County, near Hillsboro. He was married, De-
cember 25, 1877, to Lida, third daughter, and fourth child of Fred-
erick L. and Sarah Smith, of this county. Mrs. West w^as born,
March 20, 1847. The children of Frederick L. and Sarah Smith
were : Samuel M., Mary A., Margaret, Lida, Sarah A., Franklin
P., Leonora, Catherine, Ida, Isadora, and Belle. Mrs. West died,
January 3, 1879. His widow is still living, and is a resident of
Madison Township.

To the union of Mr. and Mrs. West two children have been born :
Imogene, born November 5, 1878, and Stella, born May 26, 1880.
Mrs. West had several years' experience as a school teacher.

Mr. West owns a farm of six hundred and eighty-two acres of
good land on the Columbus road, near Madison Mills. He located
here in 1870, giving his time since then to the improvement of his
farm, and to legitimate trading and farming. He gives much at-
tention to thoroughbred cattle. His herd of thoroughbreds is the
best in the township.

WILLIAM D. WOOD.

William Doddridge Wood is the oldest child of Daniel and Ta-
bitha (Leach) Wood, and w^as born in this county on the 27th of
February, 1841. The genealogy of the Wood family appears in
connection with the biography of Daniel Wood.

Our subject was fairly educated in the common schools of his
neighborhood, and acquired studious habits, which he still retains.
He gave the years of his minority to hard work on his father's
farm. He was married, February 27, 1866, to Mary Parker, sec-

968 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ond daughter of Elder Joseph Parker, of Warren County, Ohio.
She bore one son, John F., born January 19, 1867 ; died April 27,
1875. Mrs. Wood was born, May 17, 1843, and died July 15, 1871.

Mr. Wood married his present wife. May 2, 1872. She is the
fifth child of Thomas and Rebecca (Lefever) Swope, of Fairfield
County, Ohio. Her father came to Ohio from Pennsylvania, in
1801, when Thomas was one year old. Mrs. Wood was born,
August 31, 1834. They have two sons : Thomas A., born March
23, 1874, and Arly P., born November 13, 1879. Mrs. Wood's un-
cles and aunts, on the father's side, were : Lawrence, John, David,
Pachel, Ann, Mary, and Louisa.

Mr. Wood has a fine record as a soldier. He enlisted in Com-
pany A, of the fifty-fourth Ohio Infantry, in September 1861, and
served faithfully until August, 1865. The fifty-fourth marched dur-
ing its term of service a distance of three thousand, six hundred
and eighty-two miles, participated in four sieges, nine severe skir-
mishes, fifteen general engagements, and sustained a loss of five
hundred and six men killed, .wounded and missing.

Mr.Wood gives his attention to farming, and in this pursuit is
successful. He owns a well improved farm in M adison Township,
and carries on a tile factory near by. He is a member of the Old
School Predestinarian Baptist Church, and has in his possession a
copy of the Bible, printed in 1599.

DANIEL WOOD.

The Wood family are of English descent, but nothing definite is
known as to the date of their immigration to America. Grand-
father Isaac Wood, and Rachel, his wife, are the oldest of the name
of whom anything is known. They were, perhaps, natives of Pen-
dleton County, Virginia. He was born December 25, 1729, and
died April 21,1803; his wife was born March 1,1747, and died
August 29, 1822. Their children were James, Elizabeth, Susanna,
John, Daniel, Ann, Joel, William, Isaac, and Jacob. Some of the
family became residents of the western states. Joel, Jacob, Wil-
liam, and their mother, ended their days in Ohio.

Jacob Wood, the father of Daniel, was born in Virginia, and at
the age of fifteen, went to Kentucky on a visit, where he was mar-
ried, about the year 1808, to Rachel, daughter of Daniel Ramey.
They had two children born to them in Kentucky, and in Decem-

MADISON TOWNSHIP. • 969

ber, 1811, tliey immigrated to Ohio, on paGk-horses, bringing a few
household goods, and located in Union Township, this county. In
1833, he bought a farm on Rattlesnake, in Jasper Township. Here
his wife died. He married his second wife about 1844, by whom
he had no children. He died at the age of seventy-nine, and is
buried at AVaterloo.

Daniel Wood, the subject of this sketch, was the second child,
and first son, of his father's family, and was born in Kentucky,
August 10, 1811, coming to Ohio with his parents at four months
of age. He was married, September 10, 1838, to Tabitha, second
daughter of Walter and Elizabeth (Francis) Leach, of Brown
County. She died, July 12, 1878, aged seventy-two years. To
them were born three sons and one daughter: William D., born
February 27, 1841; Cordelia A., born June 25, 1843; Eoma F.,
born May 1, 1845, died September 27, 1849; Marcellus T., born
November 2, 1846, enlisted a§ a soldier, and died at Murfreesboro,
Tennessee, May 7, 1865, aged eighteen years.

William married for his lirst wife, Mary Parker, February 27
1866, she dying; for his second wife, he married Rebecca Swoup,'
May 2, 1872. Cordelia married General Stephen B. Yeoman, in
1865, and lives in Washington.

Our subject was married to his second wife, Mrs. Susan Adkins,
widow of William Adkins, February 4, 1880. She is the third
daughter of John and Frances (Randall) Yocom, of Pickaway
County. By her first marriage, she had two sons: James Vincent,
and William H., both of whom reside with their mother and step-
father.

Mr. Wood became a member of the Baptist Church, at nineteen
years of age, since which time his life has been that of a consistent
Christian. He has cheerfully borne the burdens incident to the
support of the ministry, and the building of houses of worship.
In politics he is a decided Republican. By close attention to form-
ing, and legitimate business, he has gained a competency.

WARFORD YOUNG.

Warford Young, farmer, was born in Highland County, Ohio,
December 12, 1820, and is the third child and second son of Job
and Elizabeth (Creviston) Young. His grandfather, Jacob Young,
was a native of Virginia. Job and Elizabeth Young were parents

6s

970 • HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

of Lucinda, John, Warford, Fannie, and James, all of whom are
yet alive. John Creviston, the grandfather of this suhject, M^as a
soldier in the war of 1812.

Mr. Young's parents died when this son was but a small boy, and
at the age of thirteen, he learned the trade of a tailor with Moses
Stitt, of Bloomingburg. He practiced his trade for some years,
and was regarded as a good workman.

He was married, May 1, 1846, to Elizabeth, daughter of Shrieve
and Cynthia Gaskill, of Waterloo. Five children have been born
to them : Balco G., Cynthia, Walter H. (died September 8, 1872,
aged twenty-two years), Irvin C, and Charles Y.

During the early years of his married life, Mr. Young was en-
gaged in selling goods and farming, alternately, but in 1877 he
bought the farm on which he now lives, three miles south of Mt.
Sterling, and twelve miles from Washington. He is not w^hat is
known as a hard-working man, but has always planned carefully
to attend to his own business, and in so doing, has won the esteem
of a large circle of acquaintances throughout the county, and else-
where. Having been sparingly educated in his youth, he has given
much of his later years to books, and is well informed on matters
of history. He is a sturdy Republican in his politics.

PAINT TOWNSHIP.

Paint Township, wbicli takes its name from the creek that forms
its eastern boundary, was organized cotemporary with the forma-
tion of the county. Its soil is rich, and cannot be exhausted, being
fertilized by the various tributaries of Paint Creek. It is bounded
on the north by Madison County, on the east by Madison and Ma-
rion townships, and on the south and west by Union and Jefterson
townships, respectively.

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.

The first settler was George Coil, a man of enterprise, who came
in the younger days of this century, and built a cabin immediately
after his arrival, and began clearing up a corn patch. The writer
has been unable to obtain the data for an extended biography of
this man, consequently the mere mention of his name must suffice.

William Hays emigrated from Kentucky to this state, in 1803, and
settled on Big Walnut, where. he remained till 1805, when he re-
moved to this township and settled on part of survey 1063, on the
bank of Paint Creek, with his father, James, and the family, con-
sisting of David, John, James, jr., Rankin, Benjamin, Jane, Mary,
Hannah, Elizabeth, and Sarah.

William and John served as privates in Captain McElwain's mil-
itia company, belonging to Colonel Harper's command, which was
ordered out to Fort Sandusky, where they assembled and built the
fort. At the close of the war, they returned home and worked on
the farm.

Solomon Salmon, a native of Delaware, "removed to this state
with his wife and one. child — a boy — at a very early day. In the
year 1805, he came to Paint Township, and settled on a portion of
the land now owned by his son. Perry, and across the creek to the
rear of the latter's residence.

Perry Salmon has in his possession, the military patent for four

971

972 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

hundred acres, granted to Solomon Salmon, assignee of John Mc-
Clain, assignee of Benjamin Parker, assignee of William Johnston,
assignee of Samuel Kercheval, assignee of Thomas Jenkins, only
living representative of Joshua Jenkins, a sergeant in the revoki-
tionary war. The date of the survey of said tract, was many
years prior to the signing of the instrument by James Monroe,
March 26, 1819 — a number of years after possession was taken by
Salmon. Perry, a relative of Solomon Salmon, accompanied him,
and settled on land now OAvned by Gideon A'ezay. The old cabin
in which he lived still stands, but at present is unoccupied.

In and after 1805, there was a constant tide of immigration to
this township, some of the most prominent being the following :
Solomon Sowers, who built the first mill in Paint Township; Sam-
uel Bobbins, a pioneer school teacher and justice of the peace;
Jacob Pursely, the first blacksmith ; John Oliver, the first carpen-
ter; Joseph Parris, a participant in the war of 1812, and also in
the revolutionary war ; Leonard Parris, who was in the war of
1812, and was by occupation a hunter, farmer, and stock raiser ;
Jeremiah Smith, another brave soldier in the war of 1812, and a
host of others, whose names are not ascertainable.

Xathaniel Tway, was born in Clermont County, this state, and
his father, John Tway, was a native of New Jersey. \ The former
served three years and six months, having volunteered. At the
battle of Brandy wine, a ball from the enemy's ranks was lodged
in the heel of his foot, but otherwise he was unhurt.

He came to this county in 1810, and worked for various farmers
by the day. Two years later his father came, accompanied by the
family, and located in this township, near the Madison County line,
on the ]3resent Simeon Wisler farm — on leased land. Nathaniel
afterwards purchased land of the Funks, the title to which not
being clear, however, he never came into possession.

William Squire was born in New Jersey, within eighteen miles
of New York City, in August, 1756. During the war of the Rev-
olution, when but eighteen years old, he enlisted as a private in his
uncle's company, and served with credit. lie married Miss Sarah
Caldwell, and with her removed to Pennsylvania. In 1816, the
family, which had been increased, by the birth of four children,
immigrated to Ohio, remained in Ross County six weeks, then came
to this county, and located on David Allen's place, where they re-
mained a short time, then purchased two hundred and fifty acres

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 973

of land of Col. Stewart, at two dollars and fifty cents per acre, and
removed there. The farm is at present in the possession of Na-
thaniel Sqnire, and consisted originally of prairie land in part.

East of them a settlement had been made by Henry Kile, on a
farm now owned by Jackson Hays. In the same neighborhood
lived Oliver Kile, James Allen, William Devilin, w^ho lived on the
site of the new school house, and on the Martin Jndy farm lived
Isaac Dunham.

There were several settlements on the road leading through
Bloomingburg; one Lambert lived on the site of the village grave-
yard, and Isaac Boner on the lot now occupied by J. M. Edwards.
Col Stewart owned about seven hundi-ed acres of land in the neigh-
borhood of Bloomingburg.

An extended biography of Col. James Stewart will be found in
the outlined history of the county, but, inasmuch as he was an
early and prominent resident of this township, and because a num-
ber of his relatives yet survive him, the following facts are deemed
worthy of publication. His parents resided in Philadelphia during
the war of the Revolution, moved to the interior of the state soon
after its close, and thence to Washington County, Maryland.

He was born near Hagerstown, September 29, 1786, where he re-
mained until 1804, when, under a keen sense of the sinful and de-
moralizing intluence of human bondage, his parents determined to
move from Maryland, and therefore purchased a tract of land, of
eight hundred acres, known as the Lucas survey, on which was lo-
cated the town of old Chillicothe, now Frankfort, with a view to
an early settlement upon it.

In December, 1807, at the age of twenty-one years, James came
to Ohio to reside, and was followed, February 1809, by his father
and the rest of the family. Soon after, he purchased the two
hundred acres of land, then in lioss County, which subsequently
was cut oft' to form a part of Fayette, the home of his early man-
hood, on which he resided until his death.

The commissioners of the new county held their lirst meeting in
his cabin, in the spring of 1810, then an isolated place, before any
settlement was made in Bloomingburg, or a county seat established.

In 1812, he was elected colonel of the Fayette County regiment,
in the third brigade of the Ohio militia, a time Avhen all must be
united for the protection of their homes

He was married, in 1811, to Jane, daughter of William Robin-

974 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

son, of Ross County, one of the pioneers of the state. He soon af-
ter united with the Presbyterian Church, at South Salem, took an
active part in the organization, of the Presbyterian Church, at Wash-
ington, and was an original and lifelong member of the Bloom-
ingburg Presbyterian Church. He was not surpassed in the com-
munity, in his administrative abilities, high Christian character,
energy, and liberality. On ail questions of public interest, his
convictions were formed by careful study, firm and unyielding in-
teo'rity, but always supported with magnanimity and generosity. He
left two thousand dollars which was the germ of the Academy,
and like his other benefactions, was made with a view to future
o-rowth. He devoted much of his time in surveying, and assisted
in locating the original boundaries of the township. He died.
May 30, 1862. His wife died, February 8, 1865.

The union was blessed with ten children : Hugh, K., born JSTo-
vember 10, 1812, died September 23, 1834 ; William R. born March
2, 1815, died August 26, 1821 ; Jane C, born June 8, 1817, mar-
ried to Rev. C. A. Hoyt, November 15, 1838, died at Jacksonville,
Florida, in the fall of 1873 ; George, born December 19, 1819, mar-
ried Jane Gillespie, November 6, 1839, and is living on a portion
of the old homestead, near. Bloomingburg; Margaret, born De-
cember 23, 1821, died June 12,1824 ; James S., born March 2, 1825,
died March 13, 1843 ; Mary E., born July 2,' 1827, died in infancy ;
Robert, born July 12, 1829, died August 1, 1829; Archibald, born
April 3, 1831, died March 16, 1833 ; Nathan L., born August 8,
1833, is now living in Texas.

INCIDENTS, ETC.

Prior to, and for some time after, the organization of the county,
the unbroken forests of Paint were inhabited by the untutored sons
of the forests and plains. They were generally inclined to be
peaceable, unless offended by some real or imaginary cause, when
their savage nature became fully aroused. A white man, named
Wolf, shot and killed an Indian at Chillicothe, which maddened
his dusky companions, and caused great consternation among the
whites. Because of the threatening attitude assumed by the sava-
ges in this locality, the white inhabitants became alarmed, and

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 975

hastened to Chillicothe for protection. Solomon Salmon, however,
refused to fly, but upon the approach of the enemy, simply retired
to the adjoining woods. The Indians prowled a])out the house for
some time, then disappeared, and Salmon returned to his cabin,
congratulating himself on his narrow^ escape.

The wife of Judge Joseph Gillespie, brought with her the first
colored woman ever seen in this county. She came from the State
of New York, by wagon, in 1817, and was called Ruth Piatt, and
is still living with the family of William Ustick, of Washington.

It is said that one of the most outrageous deeds performed by the
notorious Funks, was the capturing of a wolf, removing his hide,
and allowing him to run at large.

Mr. J. M. Edwards, a prominent resident of Bloomingburg, has
in his possession an old Bible Avhich is printed in small pica type,
and inherited from his mother's family. The book is eighteen
inches long, eleven inches wide, and four inches thick. It is known
as the " Brown Bible," published in England. On each page are
valuable commentaries, printed in small type. It contains a family
register, is copiously illustrated, and has been in the hands of Mr.
Edwards and his ancestry for more than one hundred years.

It need scarcely be stated that whisky was an indispensible arti-
cle in every pioneer household, and a single incident will illustrate
its health-restoring qualities : Perry Salmon accompanied his
brother-in-law to Springfield, to have some grain converted into
meal. People had flocked thither from far and near, on a similar
errand, thus compdling our friends to wait for their turn for sev-
eral days. The brother-in-law became sick because he was com-
pelled to subsist without the use of coffee as a beverage, and Perry,
in the meantime, in order to change a five-dollar bill, purchased
twelve and one- half cent's worth of whisky, which he gave to his
sick companion, who, strange as it may appear, recovered instantl3\

EDUCATIONAL.

The pioneer, in attempting to furnish his children with even an
ordinary education, realized that he had a herculean task before
him. The common school system was then utterlv unknown ;

976 HtSTOtlY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

o-ood teachers were difficult to obtain, hence the educational facili-
ties were very few.

Not until some years after the county was organized, were there
any established schools. Samuel Robbins is mentioned as the first
teacher, but aside from the fact that he was a very useful man of
that day, little is remembered of him.

On the Midway and Bloomingburg ^oad, east of the present
school house, a small log cabin was erected, in about 1815, for school
purposes, the first instructor being one Greenley.

In about 1820, Thomas Fullerton, father of George S. Fullerton,
taught in an antiquated building on the Sultzer farm.

In about 1817, those living in the vicinity, hewed the necessary
logs, and erected a neat log cabin on the corner of Abraham Kir-
bv's land^ and a school was commenced immediately thereafter.
o"ne Terwilliger was the first pedagogue, the wife of .Nathaniel
Squier being one of the scholars. Robert Burnet was the next
teacher, who, like his predecessor, received a compensation of two
dollars per scholar, and " boarded round." The cabin was removed
to another part of the neighborhood. Some of the logs are yet
pointed out to the passer-by.

In the year 1853, the township was divided into eight districts,
while the board of education was composed of the following named
persons: District No. 1, Samuel Myers; No. 2, James Larrimore;
No. 3, Perry Salmon; No. 4, John Tway ; No: 5, A. F. Parrott;
No. 6, John Flood; No. 7, John Carle; No. 8, Plarailton Green.

On the 14th of May, of the same year, the "board met, and re-
solved, by a unanimous vote, to purchase sites, and build school
houses for each and every district, and to levy for the purpose a
sum not less than three thousand eight hundred, nor more than
four thousand dollars. It was also resolved, without a dissenting
vote, to levy a tax of four hundred dollars, over and above the
state school fund, for the purpose of sustaining the schools seven
months within the year. The local directors of the various districts
were authorized to dispose of the old buildings to the best advant-
age. At a subsequent session, it was determined to pay each dis-
trict five hundred dollars, for building purposes.

April 16, 1855. On petition from fifty-five young ladies, praying
for the exclusion of tobacco from the school rooms of the township,
it was ordered that the use of tobacco be, on all occasions, excluded
from all the school houses of the township.

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 977

From a report of the enumerator, we learu that there were,"!!!
1855, 439 white youth — 225 males, 214 females — between the ages
of five and twenty-one ; colored youth, 9 males, 1 female ; grand
total, 449.

CHURCHES.

, PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

Inasmiich as the Bloomingburg Presl)3'terian Church is, with a
single exception, the pioneer Presbyterian Church of the county, it
is deemed essential that a very extended history of the same be
given. In this connection, it is proper to .state that most of the
data were gleaned from a centennial sermon, delivered to the con-
gregation by Rev. Edward Cooper, D. D., the third pastor.

The church was organized on the 22d of November, 1817, being
constituted with twenty-six members, and four ruling elders, all
since' deceased. The first public services were held in the small
barns and cabins throughout the neighborhood, one of the itiner-
ant preachers, who sometimes labored here, being Rev. Dyer Bur-
gess. In a letter to Rev. Cooper, in the fall of 1867, he says:

"I distinctly remember my visits to Bloomingburg, and the pleas-
ant meetings, largely attended, in Colonel Stewart's barn. In Jan-
uary, 1817, they had invited Rev. William 'Diekey to preach for
them, when I was in the habit of making missionary tours to
that settlement; and afterward I visited Bloomingburg frequently,
enjoying the Christian fellowship of Brother Dickey, and the mem-
bers of the congregation.'-

The first session consisted of WiUiam Dicke}', moderator. Colonel
James Stewart, Judge James Menary, Robert Robinson, and Elijah
Allen, all earnest men, of high natural endowments.

The first sacramental meeting ever held in this neighborhood,
was in the barn of Colonel Stewart, which stood nearly opposite
the academy.

Rev. William Dickey, widely and affectionately remembered as
"Father Dickey," was called to the united pastorate of the church
at Washington C. H. and the newl}^ organized church here, and
preached his first sermon on the 22d of November, 1817, when con-

978 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

srttuting the church, from the words: "Behold, I stand at the door
and knock; if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will
come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me."

In the following Decemher, he brought his family from Kentucky
to Washington C. H., where he resided three years; then, having
decided to remove to Bloomiugburg, a sufficient force of men and
teams were sent for him, bringing, also, the log cabin in which he
resided, which was placed about half a mile southwest from the
present church, surrounded by a dense hazel thicket.

A log church was built soon after, on grgund now included in
the cemetei'v. It was no small enterprise to build such a structure
at that period. The sum of sixty dollars was obtained from friends
at Bloomiugburg, l^ew York, and vicinity, through the personal
solicitation of the late Matthew Gillespie, who visited his ancestral
home for this purpose.

The session was enlarged, in 1821, by the ordination, as ruling
elders, of J. S. Gillespie, John McCormick, Isaac Templin, and
William Claybaugh.

Among the accessions of 1823, was one called to the ministry —
Rev. H. S. FuUerton — whose labors are well known, and gratefully
remembered. He was born February 6,1805, at Greencastle, Penn-
sylvania, being the second son of Tbomas and Elizabeth (Stewart)
Fullerton, and was licensed by the Presbytery of Chillicothe, April
8, 1830. In October, of the same year, he was married to Miss
Dorothy B., daughter of Pev. William Bois, and in 1831 was in-
stalled in his first charge. He was called to the First Church at
Chillicothe, where he labored till 1839, then became pastor of the
church at South Salem. His appointments extended over a wide
range of country, keeping up meetings in farm houses, barns, school
houses, and groves, occupying more than seventy places. He con-
tinued for thirty years, and at his death left two sons in the ministry.

In 1824, Mr. Dickey severed his connection with the church at
Washington, and was installed in this pastorate exclusively, though
devoting one-fourth of his time to missionary labors in destitute
regions, often visiting the Indian settlements as an evangelist.

In 1830, one hundred and four were added to the church, of
which two became ministers. The only female missionary from
this church, was among these conversions, Miss Martha Fullerton,
who labored among the Iowa and Sac Indians, in northern Kansas,
then the Territory of Nebraska.

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 979

111 the following year, forty-two were added to the church, and
Moses Stitt and William A. Ustick were chosen elders.

In 1831-32, a Presbyterian camp-meeting was held near the
northern line of this county, at which Rev. Daniel Baker preached
very successfully.

Among the additions of 1844, was Robert S. Fullerton, who con-
secrated himself to the ministry, and began work at once. After
finishing his course of study, he made arrangements to engage in
the missionary work at India. He, in 1850, married Martha White,
and in February, 1851, they reached Futtegurgh, their field of
labor, began studying the native language, and at the same time
instructed a class of native Christian boys. Three months later, he
was placed in charge of the station at Mynpoorlive, forty miles
from Futtugurgh, on the way to Agra, the capital of the North-
west Provinces, where he remained nine months, and began to
preach. He and his wife were next sent to Agra, to commence a
school for Eurasious, as those of mixed blood were called. Here
he taught and preached for six 3'ears, and after the Indian mutiny,
which broke up the mission schools and scattered the native Christ-
ians, was sent to Futtugurgh. While the country was so unsettled
that there could be no preaching in the bazaars and villages, he
studied the Language, taught the native Christians, and preached
and taught as opportunity afforded. When peace was restored he
again commenced the high schools at Farrukhabad, and soon had
the gratification of teaching three hundred young men. He or-
ganized a church in an upper room, which has since been abandon-
ed for a neat edifice, the membership having increased. The
herculean task which he had hnposed on himself proved too much,
even for his robust frame, and his health gave way. He w^as then
transferred to Dehra, but did not rest, for his health becoming
more impaired, he felt that his time was short, and was anxious to
work while it lasted. By the advice of his physician he contem-
plated a visit to his native country, but deferred his arrangements
under the pressing claims upon him for labor, until his disease re-
quired a special surgical operation, from the eflects of which he
died; his last words being : " I would not exchange this bed of
death for crowns and kingdoms."

In 1851, the increasing bodily infirmities of Father Dickey, in-
duced the church to employ the Rev. R. W. Wilson as co-pastor,
and as father and son, did the two work harmoniously together.

980 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

William Pinkertoii and Thomas Larrimer were ordained ruling
elders iu 1846, and James Stitt and D. E. Bois were, in 1859, elect-
ed to the same position. In this year Father Dickey was called to
a home beyond the skies, after a pastorate of forty years. In 1859,
Dr. II. C. Stewart, Alexander Menar}-, and Joseph Pinkerton,
were chosen and ordained elders. In the fall of 1865 the church
was bereaved a second time, in the removal by death of Rev. E.
W. Wilson, their beloved pastor for fourteen years. The total
membership on the 2d of July, 1875, was nine hundred and sixty-
eight. There had been five pastors and nineteen ruling elders.
Twelve ministers had been sent out, three of whom labored in the
foreign missionai-y work.

In 1830 the old log house of worship gave way to a brick of
larger dimensions, on the ground where the present ediiice stands.
It was often assaulted by whisky and slave power mobs, and dis-
cussions which brought people froni a long distance were held in
it. The present house, a substantial frame, was erected where the
brick stood, and in 1871 was reconstructed and refurnished.

The pastors have been in order as follows : Rev. William
Dickey, Robert W. Wilson, Edward Cooper, John Woods, Clark
Kendall, John Moore, and Rev. Kruge, the present incumbent.

The Sabbath-school was organized in 1818, and has continued to
this day without interruption. The ministers furnished by the
church were all scholars in this school : Daniel Gilmore, James S.
Fullerton, Wright McCormick, Samuel Gillespie, J. Cushraan,
George H. Fullerton, H. S. Fullerton, J. M. Gillespie, H. S. Ustick,
James Gibson, I. N. Taylor, and Rev. Charles Taylor, now in
Minnesota. The average yearly attendance has been about ninety
teachers and scholars. Elder D. E. Bois has been superintend-
ent for the past thirty years.

Inasmuch as Rev. William Dickey, was so intimately connected
with the religious history of this county and township, we insert
in this connection a sketch of his life.

William Dickey was born December 6, 1774, in York District,
South Carolina, and died December 5, 1857, aged eighty-three
years, lacking one day — his birthday being the day of his burial.
His mother died when he was but two years old, and at the age of
live he had to fly before Cornwallis' army, which was encamped on
his father's farm. Robert Dickey, his father, was a soldier in the
revolution, and removed to Kentucky at its close.

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 981

AVilHani, when grown to manhood, obtained an education at
J^ashville, Tennessee, and was licensed to preach on the 5th of Oc-
tober, 1802, by the Presbytery of Transylvania, at Springhill.
Soon after, he was elected a member of the General Assembly
which met in Philadelphia, going thither in a plain suit of home-
spun, and making an odd appearance among the broadcloth par-
sons there assembled.

Divine services were held every night, and one evening one of
the aristocratic preachers suggested that Brother Dickey had not
preached yet ; which provoked a general smile, for little was ex-
pected of the plainly attired backwoodsman. However, he con-
sented, preached to a large congregation, surprised and gratified
all present, and moved many to tears. It is related that while in
attendance at this session, he placed his straw hat on the window
sill of the church, the window being raised, a current of air blew
it out into the adjoining yard, where it was perceived by a cow and
devoured. Upon learning of his misfortune, the people of the city,
who had taken a great liking to the backwoods preacher, presented
him with a fur hat, and also with a fine suit of black broadcloth.
He came to this county, prior to its organization, and became pas-
tor of the first Presbyterian Church in Washington, residing in a
cabin erected by its members. About this time he purchased six-
teen acres of land near Washington, of Mr. Walker of Chillicothe.
As the day of payment came, he realized that he could not
fulfill his obligation, and wrote Mr. Walker to take back the land.
To his great surprise, the return mail brought him a deed for the
property. Prior to his death he sold the same for two thousand
dollars, which enabled him to purchase one hundred acres near
Bloomingburg, where he spent his declining years, leaving the land
to his" children.

November 22, 1817, he organized a small church at Bloomingburg,
where he preached part of the time. Shortly after, at the earnest
solicitation of the church at Bloomingburg, he abandoned his
charge at Washington, and came to Bloomingburg where he
preached forty years. He lived to bur}- all his father's family, and
at last came to his grave at a ripe age, spending his latest breath in
commending to his hearers the blessed Master Avliom he had serv-
ed. The history of his labors is written in the characters, and in
the hearts of the entire community.

982 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

UNION CHAPEL.

The citizens of the Sahiion neighborhood, in about the year 1835,
organized a Methodist Episcopal society in the school house. A
revival meeting was held by Rev. Wolf, which was largely attended,
great interest being manifested.

In about 1840, a frame structure was erected by the people, and
called Union Chapel. It was generally occupied by the Method-
ists ; however, a Newlight minister named Lewis Green, occasion-
ally held meetings there. He was a brother of Hamilton Green,
and a zealous worker. Rev. Armstrong was one of the first Meth-
odist ministers. The society has never been very strong, and the
organization proper, has ceased to exist, though meetings are
still held every alternate Sabbath.

THE OLD SCHOOL BAPTISTS.

The Old School Baptists, in the above neighborhood, former-
ly met in the various dwelling houses, then erected a small frame
structure on the Bloomingburg and Midway pike. This society
has long since ceased to exist.

BAPTIST CHURCH.

In 1821, Elder William Sutton and Chandler Tuttle, a licensed
minister, preached at the house of Joel Wood, on Paint Creek,
and afterwards at the cabin of John Rankin, on the east fork of
Paint, and at various places in the vicinity. A religious revival
followed, and many persons joined the C?esar's Creek Church, in
Greene County, where they remained till 1822, at which time the
following persons were dismissed from the church, for the purpose
of forming a separate organization : John Rankin and wife, Wil-
liam Rankin, John Paul and wife, Sarah Morris, Sarah Wood,
Gilbert Hurley and wife ; these were regularly constituted a church
by William Sutton, Joseph Morris and Chandler Tuttle, at the
house of Joel Wood, and adopted the name of " The Regular Bap-
tist Church of Christ," on the east fork of Paint. Services were
held in that neighborhood until 1846, when a house of worship,
sixty feet long, forty feet wide and fourteen feet high, was erected

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 983

at Bloomingbiirg, and was called the " First Regular Baptist Church,"
of Bloomingburg. Elder Chandler Tuttle was the first pastor, and
continued in that capacity till his death, April 14, 18(33, after which
the church gradually went doAvn.

SECEET ORGANIZATIONS.

Bloomingburg Lodge F. and A. M. was organized, under dis-
pensation, September 30, 1870. The first stated meeting was held
on the 7th day of October, 1870, there being at that time but ten
members, who built for the use of the lodge a small, but neat room
over the store room occupied by A. B. Elliott, on the northwest
corner of Main and Cross streets. The lodge was duly constituted,
December 23d of the same year, under a charter from the M. W.
Grand Lodge of Ohio, the hall dedicated, and the following offi-
cers regularly installed at the Methodist Episcopal Church, Mills
Gardner acting as M. W. G. Master, C. Garis as D. G. Master, and
A. J. Lewis as Grand Marshal: John Brown, W. M.; J. M. Mc-
Coy, S. W. ; William Noble, J. W. ; V. M. Durfiinger, Secretary;
Edwin Alexander, Treasurer; A. B. Elliott, S. D.; William M.
Jones, J. D.; John Olt, Tyler. These gentlemen, together with
D. M. Hays and C. D. Hays, constituted the charter members.

May 17, 1872, the lodge was notified of the death of Edwin Al-
exander, who died at his father's house, near the village. On Sun-
day, the 19th, the lodge met pursuant to a call, at their hall ; and
from thence, together with numerous brethren from Fayette, Mt.
Sterling, and New Holland, proceeded in procession to the home
of the deceased, where an appropriate sermon was preached by S.
A. Keen, of Fayette Lodge, after which the remains were taken
to the cemetery, and deposited in the grave with the usual Masonic
honors and ceremonies.

On the evening of May 20th, the lodge met in special communi-
cation, and adopted suitable resolutions, expressive of the sincere
esteem in which the deceased brother was held, not only as a Ma-
son, but also as a Christian gentlemen, a father, and a citizen.

The lodge prospered, and enlarged their hall during the year
1873, reporting at its close a membership of thirty-three — free
from debt. At this writing (March, 1881) the lodge has a member-

984 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ship of fifty-eight (not inclacling the one lost by death, uor the
many others who, having removed to other jiirisdistions, have
withdrawn by permit), and is the purchaser of the entire property
on which their hall is situated. In March, 1881, it was incorpor-
ated, by William Clark, J. M. Noble, Henry Fulton, Henry Casey,
and J. M. McCoy, trustees.

Following are the officers for 1881 : J. M. McCoy, W. M. ; "Wil-
liam Clark, S. W.; C. Sturbe, J. W.; H. L. Wilson, Secretary; H.
Casey, Treasurer ; R. K. Watson, S. D. ; A. A. Kerr, J. D. ; L. Dill-
inger, Tyler ; William Noble, W. Squier, Stewards.

m THE WAR WITH GARFIELD.

The following is the experience of a prominent citizen and
brave soldier:

William F. Jones was born in this township, November 3, 1823,
and has always resided in this vicinity, except eight years, when
he resided in Champaign County, Illinois. After the breaking out
of the war, on the 19th of November, 1861, he volunteered in the
union army and was placed in Company I, 42d 0. Y. I., organized
by James A. Garlield, our martyred president. The regiment was
drilled for a period of five weeks, at Camp Chase, and on the 15th
of December, was ordered to the front, took the cars for Cincin-
nati, then proceeded, by boat, to Cattletsburg, Kentucky, where
they were joined by the fourteenth Kentucky regiment, and took
the boat up the Big Sandy River, to Paintsville, where the first bat-
tle was fought, resulting. in a trivial loss on both sides, and the tri-
umph of the Union forces. This took place on the 8th of Janu-
ary, the Rebel forces being commanded by General Humphrey Mar-
shall. At this village they were reinforced by the 40th O. V. I.,
and the 2d V. C, pursued the rebels, overtaking them on the 12th,
near Prestonburgh, Kentuck}^ finding them all fortified on Ab-
bott's Mountain. At 12 m., the battle opened with but one thou-
sand one hundred men in Colonel Garfield's command, while the
rebel forces numbered four thousand five hundred men, including
twelve pieces of artillery, well fortified. At the expiration of four
hours the enemy was driven from their works, with a loss of sev-
enty-five killed, while we lost fourteen killed and wounded. Our

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 985

forces continued moving up the river after the retreating enemy.
During this march Colonel Garfield ordered the captains of the
various companies to engage their men in target practice, and re-
port the result at the expiration of four days. On the day suc-
ceeding this order, James McConahay and John Shanely, of
Shelby County, and William Jones, of this county, shot at a target
at a distance of three hundred yards, off" hand, with this result :
First round, hitting the center by all ; second round, all missed the
mark by two inches ; third round, shooting poor, bullets lodging
far from the mark. On the following day the experiment was tried
again, at a distance of five hundred and one thousand yards, with
flattering results. Poor McConahay was afterwards killed by a
shot from the enemy. Shanely was struck by a ball and knocked
senseless, but recovered and is still living in Shelby ('Ounty, Ohio.
The forty-second next proceeded to Pound Gap, where, on March
12, 1862, they annihilated the remainder of General Marshall's
command, thus closing the Big Sandy campaign.

Colonel Garfield was promoted to brigadier-general, and re-
moved from his regiment, which was ordered to Louisville, thence
to Cumberland Gap, where they arrived June 18, 1862, and re-
mained until September 18, of the same year, having, in the mean-
time, engaged in several battles, and being compelled to evacuate,
because their supplies had been cut oft' by the enemy. Mr. Jones,
and three hundred and forty-eight others, being sick, hence unable
to march, were left behind and were soon taken prisoners. Prior
to this, however, Jones, aware that he must soon fall into the hands
of the enemy, determined that they should not have his gun, which
had done him such good service. He therefor demolished the gun
and cartridge box, and threw them into a stream near by. The
prisoners were taken in the direction of Louisville, Kentucky, and
exchanged at Danville, October 14, 1862. Mr. Jones came home
and remained until the 1st of April, 1863, when he returned, join-
ing the army in the rear of Vicksburg, Mississippi, and engaged
in the various battles of that neighborhood.

General Grant, on the 21st of May, ordered the 13th corps, of
which Mr. Jones was a member, to prepare for a grand charge on
the rebel works, at 10 a. m., on the following day. The morning,
at dawn of day, his company, among others, was ordered to recon-
noitre, approached cautiously to within eighty rods of the enemy,
hidden from the latter's view by a little knoll. They examined

986 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

the surroundings carefully, then proceeded to return, a difficult
task, for daylight was upon them, and about one hundred and fifty
yards of the distance between them and their ranks, was in full
view of the enemy. Finally it was decided that they pass out
singly, and thus several gained the other side safe, when it be-
came the turn of Joseph W. Leedom, of Shelby County, and just
as he arrived at what was supposed to be a safe distance, he was
seen to fall, and heard to cry out lustily, as if in great pain, thus
conveying the impression that he had been severely wounded. It
became the duty of his comrades to hasten to his assistance, but no
one appeared anxious to perform the hazardous undertaking, until
Mr. Jones volunteered to perform the task. Divesting himself of
his gun and accoutrements, he started in the direction of the
wounded man at the top of his speed, followed by a storm of bul-
lets from the rebel guns, but arrived at the spot in safety, and dis-
covered that Leedom had fractured his knee by a fall, but was un-
touched by the rebel shots. Jones then returned for his gun, but
discovering that his companions had disappeared, started back, thus
running the gauntlet three times in less that twenty minutes, and
reached his command in time to assist in making the fearful charge.
After the surrender of Vicksburg he accompanied his regiment to
Jackson, Mississippi, thence to New Orleans, where he was dis-
charged, July 10, 1863, and arrived home, July 22, after having
been in the army two years and nine months.

BLOOMINGBURG.

This, the only important village, is situated near the southeast
corner of the township, being bounded on the south by the Union
Township line. It numbers a population of more than five hun-
dred, and was for a long time the threatened rival of Washington,
but has been outstripped by the latter in recent years.

POLITICAL.

The municipal authorities for a number of years kept but a
meagre record of the public proceedings, until quite recently, when
the present corporation clerk, A. J. Templin, Esq., gathered, with

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 987

much trouble, the necessary data. Our historian acknowledges
the courtesies extended by this gentleman.

The village was laid out in 1815, by Solomon Bowers, and de-
scribed as "lying in the County of Fayette, on the main road
leading from Chillicothe to Springfield, being a part of survey No.
3701, entered in the name of George Mathews, on the East Fork
of Paint Creek." Main Street was sixty-three feet in width, run-
ning north, thirty-five degrees west, one hundred and twenty-five
poles in length. Cross and Brown streets are sixty-six feet in
width, crossing Main Street at right angles. I^orth, Union, Market,
and South streets, are each forty-nine and one-half feet in width,
also crossing Main Street at right angles. The alleys were each
sixteen and one-half feet in width, the lots each contained fifty
square perches, ten long and five wide, the entire village, including
streets and alleys, containing thirty-four and three-quarter acres.

The square on the corner of Main and Cross streets, on which
is at present located the frame school house, was set apart for pub-
lic grounds, it being then conjectured that the village would event-
ually become the county seat, in addition to which thirty-seven lots
were laid off. The new village was called New Lexington, the ac-
knowledgement being made before Samuel Rawlings, justice of the
peace, November 30, 1815, and recorded in deeds A, page 520, De-
cember 4, 1815.

March 4, 1816, Bowers laid out and attached to the former sur-
vey, two streets running parallel with Main on the east and west,
called respectively Wayne and West streets, extending east one
hundred and seventeen and one-half poles, west one hundred and
twenty-five poles, and containing twenty lots each.

Though named New Lexington, the new village was generall}'
known by the cognomen of "New Purchase," applied on account
of being located on an early purchase of lands.

Tradition relates, that Dr. Gillespie, anxious to change the name
to correspond with that of his native town — Bloomingburg, New
York — while keeping a store in the Central Hotel building, pro-
posed to "treat" the male inhabitants provided they agreed to the
alteration. The proposition was accepted, and Col. Myers, then a
member of the legislature, introduced a bill Avhich provided that
the village should henceforth be known as Bloomingburg, which
bill became a law.

An act passed by the State Legislature, February 5, 1847, declar-

988 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

ed so much of Paint Township, this county, as is included in the
town of Bloomingburg, an incorporated village, and provided for
the future government of the same.

The first election for municipal officers was held February 24,
1847, the judges being William E. Southward and Joseph Devolin ;
Gr. W. Worrell acting as clerk, which resulted as follows : Mayor,
Joseph Counts, jr. ; recorder, J. M. Edwards ; trustees, John Gun-
ning, Samuel Worrell, James M. Willis, William S. Carrand J.N.
McLaughlin, who were sworn in on the 27th of the same month.
On the following evening the first organized meeting of the trus-
tees was held, at which Geo. W. Worrell was appointed marshal.

The first ordinance passed June 7, 1847, provided that whoever
should, at any hour of the night, throw about store-boxes or other
things, or throw them across sidewalks, or make unnecessary noise,
should be fined. It is quite probable that the shins of the dignified
Solons came in contact with obstructions placed across the side-
walks by mischievous boys, and that the " city fathers " passed the
ordinance for self-protection. At this meeting, a tax of five mills
was levied on the taxable property of the corporation, and the
marshal employed to collect the same at four per cent.

February 8, 1848, it was enacted by the General Assembly of
the State of Ohio, that all adjacent territory within eleven rods of
the corporate limits of Bloomingburg should be attached to the
same. The incorporation was increased May 11, 1878, by adding
one hundred and twenty rods on the north and east, seventy on the
west, and extending to the Union Township line on the south.

At the spring election of 1876, the citizens voted an additional
tax of five mills for " sewers, drains and ditches," which levy being
insufficient, two hundred dollars additional was issued in bonds.
Four sewers were constructed, and the village now enjoys an ex-
cellent system of drainage. The village prison, a strong frame
structure, was built in 1876.

January 5, 1880, the old ordinances were repealed, and new ones
conforming with present general laws, and meeting the wants of
the present generation passed in their stead.

The installment for the year 1880, is about five hundred dollars,
a fair average of the expenditures of recent years. Within the
last six years a spirit of improvement has taken possession of the
people, which has resulted in the bringing about of a high standard
of health and morals.

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 989

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.

As lias been noted, the town was originally owned by Solomon
Bowsers, and laid out by him.

It is stated that William Bryant built the first house within the
present limits of the village. It was a log, and stood on the pres-
ent site of the Central Hotel.

The first residents of the town are given as Mathew Gillespie,
John Oliver, John Duff, Mrs. Gilmore and Mrs. Rosebone.

In 1817, some eight or ten cabins were erected, one of which
was owned by John Rutt.

Colonel Stewart and Mathew Gillespie kept a store on a portion
of the farm now owned by George Stewart, and there did the early
residents make their purchases.

One Williams, opened a tanyard on the lot now occupied by Dr.
Hugh Stewart as a residence.

In the spring of 1817, James Gunning or Dunham, started a shoe-
shop. Thomas Cessler, of Virginia, was the first blacksmith ; one
McCoy, the first hatter. Stith and Eustace were the first tailors,
while William Weeks carried on the first wagon shop.

John Oliver was an early carpenter ; kept a tavern for some time,
and removed to Pennsylvania in 1826.

The first cabinet maker was H. Bryant ; the first school teachers
were Dr. McGaraugh and Mr. Stone, and the first physician Dr.
George Allen.

This is in brief the chief business representation of Blooming-
burg in its younger days. A number of changes have been made
since that time, most of which will be mentioned in other parts of
this work.

BLOOMINGBURG AND SLAVERY.

Bloomingburg was well known for its anti-slavery influence, and
its generous activit}' in the management of what was called the
under-ground railroad, long before the anti-slavery society was
formed. Here the dusky fugitives from bondage were fed, clothed
and sent on their way, encouraged and rejoicing with the hope of
gaining their freedom by reaching the free soil of Canada. It took
no ordinary degree of self-sacrifice to meet the responsibilities of

990 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

those days, but they were borne, then amid reproaches and general
exposure, now to their honor and glory. These exertions were
prompted by an intelligent conviction of duty, realized in but few
of the best communities ot this state. The Presbyterians were ar-
dent supporters of the anti-slavery cause, and in 1834, held a series
of meetings at which this question was discussed. One of the vil-
lage merchants, Mr. James Claypole, in his blind opposition to the
o-rowing sentiment, refused to attend these meetings; but prevailed
upon by his clerk to go one evening he took a back seat, as if
ashamed of his presence there. He soon became interested, leav-
ing the assembly fully convinced of his wrong attitude, and the
next day drafted the constitution for, and was foremost in the or-
ganization of the anti-slavery society — an indication of the manner
iri which the whole community was united to promote the cause of
human freedom.

Slave-hunters, generally, had but little expectation of finding the
fugitive upon reaching Bloomingburg, the cabin, the garret, stables,
hay-ricks and barns, as well as kitchens and parlors were open to
the weary wanderers in search of freedom; and hundreds of them
in need of food, clothing, and money, found good Samaritans here.
It was well understood, and no questions were asked when the con-
ductors came round — that a call was made that must be met at
once. There were many hair-breadth escapes, many strange epi-
sodes in individual experience ; the skillful maneuvre in an act of
kindness, was often made a Christian duty to one of a poor and
despised race. The labor of getting a warm meal for the shivering
fugitive, the long and cold drive in a dark way with the heart bur-
dened by anxious thoughts, with no possible motive of a selfish
character, are sufficient testimonials to the strength of the senti-
ment upon which such heroic activity was based. The colored
fugitives recognized their benefactors, and after the war closed,
man}/ settled in their midst.

THE LIQUOR QUESTION.

To a stranger, unacquainted with the history of this village, it
would appear, that then, as now, it enjoyed an era of quietude and
sobriety. This is an error. The pioneers brought with them the

I'AIXT TOWNSHIP. 991

receipt for making rum, and when opportunit}^ oft'ered, it was man-
ufactured. It was an article found in every household, and, indeed,
many in the church regarded the traffic in ardent spirits, so long
sanctioned, as consistent with Christian character. The use was
deemed lawful, as tlie expression of friendship in the social circle,
and essential to the hospitality of that period. So-called political
economy justified the manufacturer, the vender, and the farmer, in
its use, because it gave employment, and opened up a market.
Merchants enticed their customers to trade through its influence.
It is said that in early days there were a number of peach orchards,
and five distilleries, in and about Bloomingburg, were required for
the manufacture of the fruit into peach brandy. On Saturdays, a
number of persons were in the habit of gathering at the various
dram shops, imbibing freely of the liquor, and upon becoming bois-
terous, usually retired to the rear of the old Baptist Church to
"fight it out."

This state of afiairs continued until the moral portion of the
community became alarmed, and began making preparations to
wipe out this existing evil. Foremost among these was Judge
Gillespie, who, at the sacrifice of much time and labor, gathered
statistics showing the amount expended in the county for whisky,
and had them printed. The quantity was so enormous as to throw
a doubt upon his veracity, and his friends, in order to exculpate
him from so unworthy an aspersion, repeated the collection of facts,
and found his statements to be correct, thus giving the advocates of
temperance reform an impetus which raised a heavy mass of prej-
udice.

It was a long and hard struggle, but gradually public sentiment
grew stronger in favor of suppressing the evil; venders and drink-
ers becoming restve and irritable as public sentiment grew imperi-
ative, and fierce antagonism arose. A member of the Presbyterian
Church continued to sell, and justify the moderate use of ardent
spirits, and at a discussion, the question was asked, if Jesus would
keep a rum shop ? Its bold and direct aim reached the heart of
the religious whisky dealer, and that night he resolved to quit a
traffic so detrimental to the spirit of Christianity. The entire com-
munity then signed an article, in which they agreed to exclude
King Alcohol from their midst — the standard of Bloomingburg so-
ciety for more than forty years — and this gained, it was an easy
matter to abolish corresponding vices.

992 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

To-day, it is a matter of pride to the citizen, that not a rum shop
can be found within the corporation limits; and furthermore, and
to their credit be it written, many persons, some of whom were at
one time victims to the wiles of the fiery monster, have not touched
a drop of ardent spirits for many years.

WOOLEN MILL.

In 1826, or 1827, Philix3 Dodridge, who afterward removed to
Circleville, and there was connected with somewhat extensive man-
ufacturing of woolehs, started a carding machine in the town of
Bloomingburg, and continued the business about one year. The
machinery was driven by horse-power and tread-wheel. He sold
to Eber Patrick, a general practical manufacturer, who, being de-
sirous to locate permanently, sold to a Mr. Parker, and removed to
Washington, to engage in the same business, and Mr. Parker soon
after sold to Mr. Carr, who removed the machinery to Indiana.

CARE'S MILLS.

Nearly a half century ago, William Carr erected a flouring mill
on the east bank of Paint Creek, about one mile south of the
county line. The building, though small and primitive, attracted
the attention of people from far and near, hence the machinery,
which was propelled by water-power, was kept in constant motion.
It continued to serve the purpose for which it was erected for a
number of years ; eventually, however, the persistent efforts of the
residents to inaugurate a perfect system of drainage, weakened the
stream, and the former means of, propelling the mill were aban-
doned, and the building stood idle for several years. It has since
been torn down, a smaller structure has been erected on the site,
which is fitted up with the latest improved machinery, and is owned
by John Martin. It consists of a saw-mill and corn-grinder; there
are no facilities for grinding wheat.

In the erection of Carr's Mill, the nucleus of a small settlement
was formed, which has steadily increased. The population is now

1>AINT TOWNSHIP. 993

one huudred, the business interest being represented as follows :
Two blacksmith shops, one dry goods and grocery store, one gro-
cery and notion store, one boot and shoe store, and the mills. The
town is included in the ninth school district, the building being
embraced within its limits. In the year 1880, a one-story frame
church was erected by the Baptist denomination, Walter Yeoman,
pastor.

BIOGKAPHICAL.

MOSES BALL.

Moses Ball was born in Bloomfield, New Jersey, July 1801. His
father was Isaac Ball, a descendant of Edward Ball, one of the
sixty-three men, who in 1666, purchased the land from the Indi-
ans upon Avhich the city of Xewark, New Jersey, now stands. His
mother was Sarah Jacobus, of Holland extraction. Isaac Ball and
Sarah Jacobus were married about 1795. Their family consisted of
three sons and six daughters, who all lived to marry except Abby,
who died at the age of seventeen.

Moses, our subject, united in marriage with Miss Jane Campbell,
of Bloomfield, in 1829. They came to Ohio in 1837, and located
for a time in Champaign County, but removed, however, in 1839,
to this county, and settled in Bloomingburg, where they still re-
side. Ten children blessed this union, of whom but four sons and
two daughters are living. These are all married except Sarah, who
cheers the home of her parents in their declining years.

In politics, Mr. Ball has been a life long Republican, and a
staunch temperance man. His four sons stepped to the front when
their country was in danger, and although their garments were
riddled by the enemy's shot, tliey lived to see the country saved.
John has since died from disease contracted in the army. One
daughter and three sons are in the west; all have homes and are
doing well. Isaac, the father of our subject, served as captain in
the war of 1812.

JOHN J. BLUE.

John J. Blue was born, October 16, 1820, in this county, where

994 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

his early life was spent. Ou February 13, 1845, lie united in mar-
riage with Miss Margaret, daughter of William and Martha Ra-
born, of Madisqn County, Ohio. The first three years atter their
union were spent in Madison County. From there they removed
to Fayette,, and located in Paint Township, where they have ever
since resided. They have five children living: Martha J., Clinton
D., Marcus L., Lizzie B., and William C. CHnton and Marcus are
married, and settled on part of the home farm.

John's father was a native of Virginia, and came to this county
about the time the territory was formed into a county. He mar-
ried Miss Pensie Reeves, of Pickaway County, b}' whom he had
eight children — five living. He served his country in the war "of
1812.

John, our subject, owns a farm of nearly three hundred acres,
well improved, in Paint Township, upon which he resides. In pol-
itics he is an uncompromising Democrat.

Mrs. Blue's father was born in Ross County, but her grandfather
Raborn was a native of Virginia.

Mr. Blue's brothers, Josiah and Wesley, are dead. His sister
Margaret died young. The living sisters are : Elizabeth, married
to John Yates, of Pickawa}^ County ; Ann, married to Casey, of
Indiana ; Mary, married to Little, of this county, and Jane, who
married David Baker, of Illinois. Her husband and son died in
the army.

S. W. BROWN.

' S. W. Brown was born, January 7, 1839, in Pickaway County,
Ohio, where he spent the early part of his life. On January 24,
1861, he married Mary E., daughter of Benjamin and Martha Har-
rison, of Madison County, Ohio, by whom he has one daughter
and one son; Emma A., twelve years of age, and Harry F., eight
years old, both bright and promising children.

Mr. Brown's parents were natives of Delaware, and relatives of
ex-President Polk. Mrs. Brown was born, April 12, 1838. She
is .the grand daughter of Batteal Harrison, whose ancestors were
among the early settlers of the colony of Virginia. Her great-
grandfather, Benjamin Harrison, was a man constantly employed
in active service. He was a member of Congress from 1774 to
1777. He voted for the Declaration of Independence in July,

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 995

1776, and signed it in the following August. In 1777 he resigned
his seat in congress, but was immediately elected a member of the
House of Burgesses, and elected to the speaker's chair. In 1782
he was elected governor of the state, which position he filled for
two successive terms. He had just been elected to a third term
when death ended his career — April, 1791.

Mr. and Mrs. Brown are both members of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church. Politically, Mr. Brown is a conscientious Demo-
crat, and a strong temperance man.

HENRY CASEY.

Henry Casey, son of George and Catherine Casey, was born in
Fayette County, Penifisylvania, December 28, 1837. His father's
family consisted of six sons and five daughters, all living except
two, Daniel, who died March 19, 1865, from disease contracted in
the army, and Elizabeth, who died March 2, 1879.

Henry, our subject, came to Ohio, November 1860, and located
in the neighborhood of Bloomingburg; entered the army on the
8th of September, 1861, and continued in active service until the
17th of July, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. During
this term of service he was in thirty-two engagements, and was one
of the one hundred and twenty men who run the blockade at
Vicksburg. He married Catherine W., daughter of Charles and
Elizabeth Holland, of Paint Township. Five daughters and two
sons, was the result of this union : Eva M., Frank S., Carrie E. M.,
OUie C. E., Calvin H., Cora I., and Myrta F., all living and in fine
health.

Politically, he has been a Eepublican since the war. He is a
member of the Masonic fraternity. He and his wife are members of
the Methodist Episcopal Church. They live in the house in which
Mrs. Casey was born — the homestead of her parents.

Mrs. Casey's father, Charles Holland, was one of the pioneers of
this county. When first married, his property consisted of an ax,
maul and wedge. At his death, which occurred in 1870, in addi-
tion to the fifteen hundred acres of land divided among his chil-
dren,, he left a fortune of sixty thousand dollars. Throughout his
life he was regarded as a man rigidly honest and truthful. Mrs.
Casey's mother was a native of Virginia, came to Ohio in 1806,
with her father, Joseph Wendel, and settled on Paint Creek, on

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

the farm now owned by Barton Vesey. She is still living, but quite
feeble.

JAMES M. EDWARDS.

William Edwards was born in South Carolina, May 7, 1788, and
left the South because of his hatred to slavery. He came to Cin-
cinnati, where, on the 22d of March, 1812, he was married to Char-
lotte Brown, who was born in England, February 9, 1792. The re-
sult of this marriage was eleven children: John M., of Marlboro,
Massachusetts; Benjamin F. and William B., of Plymouth, Illinois;
H. H., Sarah C. Cotfman, Esther A. Larimer, and James M., of this
county, are living; the youngest, William B., being now nearly fifty
years old. William and Charlotte are both buried in the Washing-
ton Cemetery.

William Edwards was among tlie early agitators of the anti-
slavery question of this county, and, in 1842, was egged at the elec-
tion, for voting the only abolition ticket cast in Wayne Township,
in tHis county.

James M., our subject, was born in Bellbrook, Greene County,
December 16, 1821. In the spring of 1832, he removed with his
father to Pike Spring farm, four miles east of Washington. At
nineteen years of age, he left home, and went to school at Bloom-
ingburg, blowing and striking in a blacksmith shop, to earn money
with which to pay his board. At twenty, he went to Winchester,
taught school, and read law two years with A. R. Eaton. From
Winchester he went to Cincinnati, where he taught school till
August, 1844, when he came to Bloomingburg, and engaged in
teaching.

He married Sarah, daughter of Archibald Stewart, who died in
1850, leaving one daughter, Mary F., who still lives with her father.

In 1822, he was married to Jane Ammerman, who was born in
New York, in 1829. This marriage resulted in two sons being born
to them : Erk S., who is still at home, and Benjamin F., who is now
a student at Hanover, New Hampshire.

Our subject has served, with credit to himself, eighteen years as
justice of the peace; has been coroner of the county, mayor of
Bloomingburg for many years, school examiner, and in the board
of education. He was Ohio State Messenger to the army, during
the rebellion, for three years, and commissioner of exemption from

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 997

draft for this county; was mustered into the United States service
as second lieutenant, and was afterward revenue assessor. He has
always been a staunch anti-slavery Republican, an earnest temper-
ance man, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He has
taught the same class in the Sabbath-school for thirty-live years,
which position he still occupies. He practiced law twenty years
before he was justice of the peace. But few who do their part for
good more nobly than has James M. Edwards.

NATHANIEL EDWARDS.

Sanmel Edwards was a native of Pennsylvania. He came to
Ohio in about 1809, and settled in Ross County. In 1810, he mar-
ried Miss Mary Ann Roberts, of Pennsylvania, and, in 1816, re-
moved from Ross to this county, locating in what was afterward
Perry Township, where he died, in 1842. Mrs. Edwards' death
occurred in 1877. Their family consisted of nine sons ^nd live
daughters, seven living : Elisha is a farmer, and his home is in Da-
vis County, Kansas; Elias is in Green County, Indiana, practicing
law; Silas lives on the Columbus road, live miles north of Wash-
ington; Eliza married Tillman Wright, and resides in Indiana;
Elizabeth and Tabitha are unmarried, and reside at the homestead ;
Enoch lost his life in the army.

Nathaniel, our subject, was born in Perry Township. He was
married to Miss Jane, daughter of I^athauiel and Eleanor Squires,
of this county, in 1857, and settled in this township, on the Lewis
pike, four miles north of Washington. Here he owns a nice farm,
of over one hundred acres, upon wdiich he resides, i^ine children
have blessed this union : Lora E., William A., M. Ella, Jessie M.,
Ivy A., Nathaniel E., Florence J., Bertha 1)., and Annie A. All
are at home except Lora E., who married Isaac Larrimer, and lives
in Union Towniship.

Mr. Edwards has invented a "patent corn-loader," which is prov-
ing a valuable thing to faijmers. He is a Republican, a staunch
temperance man, and is connected with the Prairie Grange. Him-
self and wife"" are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

ALBERT GROVES.

Albert Groves, farmer, was born in Indiana, January 19, 1846,

998 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

where the early part of his life was spent, some of the time in
teaching school. January 9, 1872, he married Miss Mary, daughter
of Frederick and Mary Selsor, of this count3^ Three months after,
they came to this county, and for four years Mrs. Groves kept house
for her father.

In 1876, they took possession of the tine brick mansion built by
'Squire Tway, where they still reside. Their family consists of
three little boys: Fred, Frank, and John Homer.

Daniel Groves, Albert's father, was born in Jackson County; a
son of William Groves, who, for many years, kept a house of en-
tertainment in that county. His wife was Miss Amanda Lightfoot,
of South Charleston, Ohio. Their family numbered two daughters
and two sons: Catharine L. married G. W. Brown, Mary E. mar-
ried Henry H. Conrad, and both are living in Anderson, Indiana;
George W. is single, and lives with his mother on the home farm,
in Indiana; and Albert, our subject. The father died in January,
1875.

Mrs. Albert Groves was born in Madison County, Ohio ; came to
this township in the fall of 1852, and located on what had been
long known as the Rankin lands, where she remained until her
marriage. She was the granddaughter of William and Mary
Rankin, of this county. Her mother died. May 4, 1852; her father
is living, at this writing, and strong for one of his years.

Mr. and Mrs. Groves are happily mated; their outlook for the
future very flattering. Their children are healthy, promising, and
very interesting. Mr. Groves never used tobacco in any form,
never tasted any kind of liquor, except one glass of beer, and never
swore but one oath in his life. He is a Republican, and a staunch
temperance man. Both himself and wife are members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church.

J. W. HAYS.

J. W. Hays, is a son of John and Catherine (Winebright) Hays,
and was born in Paint Township, this county, August 20, 1838.
The early part of his life was spent on the home farm, laboring
and caring for the stock that was constantly on hand, often in
great numbers; acquiring his education during the winter when he
could be spared from home. His time at school was limited, as his
father was a driving business man, with always sufiicient work on

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 999

hand for all the force lie could rally. It may be said in truth of
J. W. Hays, that, although the son of a rich man, he never ate
any " idle bread." He is now, however, reaping the reward of
early toil, having inherited a large estate from his father.

On April 5, I860, he married Miss Mary, daughter of Able and
Jane (Kirkpatrick) Armstrong, of this county. Two sons and
four daughters blessed this union : Nora, Alta, Frank, Cora, Dora
and Ellis ; all are living except Xora, who passed to the spirit-land
when very young.

Mr. Hays lives live miles north of Washington, on the Lewis
pike, where he owns five hundred and twenty acres of rich and
beautiful land. Like his father, he is very fond of fine and fast
horses, and has in training four or five that will tell on the track
the coming season.

John Hays, our subject's father, was born in Kentucky, Decem-
ber 28, 1788, coming to this state in an early day, and finally settled
in Paint Township, this county, where he died August 10, 1860.
In many respects Mr. Hays was a wonderful man. He commenced
life poor, and at the time of his death was the owner of more than
three thousand acres of as fine land as could be found in the coun-
ty. He possessed controlling power over those with whom he
associated. Had he been a man of letters and early mental train-
ing, he could have stood beside the Xation's ablest statesman.

An incident may serve to illustrate, the style of man he was : A
neighbor had made a large purchase of land in Missouri, and spent
the summer in improvements. When he came home in the fall,
Mr. Hays called to see and hear about his Missouri purchase, when
the following conversation ensued : " Well Jack! I have built sev-
eral hundred panels of fence, and put a stone under every corner."
" What kind of a stone?" said Mr. Hays. "A flint stone," he re-
plied. " Your land aint worth a damn I " was the response. Time
proved this rough expression to a great extent true.

He married for his second wife, Kate Winebright, by whom he
had six children : Willis, Coleman, Letitia, James W., Crosby, and
Lacinda. All lived to have families ; only three living at this Avrit-
ing : Willis, Letitia and James W.

Mrs. John Hays died December 4, 1872. Mrs. J. AV. Hays' fath-
er died in Clinton County, Indiana, in 1864 from a hurt, received
in defending his son, who was a Union soldier, from a mob of rebel
sympathizers. Her mother preceded him many years before.

1000 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

J. M. HAYMAKER.

Mr. Haymaker was born September 12, 1823, in this county,
where he has spent his entire life. He commenced his education
in an old-fashioned log school house, situated three miles north-
west of Washington, in a school taught by William Devlin, sr.,
and 'completed it in the village of Bloomingburg, which at that
time was considered the educational point of this county.

After spending four years driving stock to the eastern market,
he at length purchased a farm of four hundred acres on the state
road, where he located, and upon which he still resides. Mr. Hay-
maker takes great pleasure in handling fine stock, and does a suc-
cessful business on his farm.

On January 2, 1862, he united in marriage with Miss M. J.
Klever; six children have blessed this union, of whom five are
living ; three sons and two daughters : Elmer E., Herman R.,
Harry K., Cora E. and Lora E. Levi E. passed to the spirit-land,
December 26, 1872, aged four years.

Mr. Haymaker's parents were natives of Virginia, but came to
this state in the early part of 1800, and settled in Union Township,
this county. Here his father died, in about 1859, and his mother
in 1878, at the advanced age of eighty-six years. His mother was
a sister of Colonel Samuel Myers, one of the pioneers of Fayette.
His father, Joseph Haymaker, served in the war of 1812, and was
in Hull's surrender. Mrs. M. J. Haymaker is the daughter of
Michael and Mary (Thompson) Klever, of this county. She was
born in Paint Township, March 9, 1842.

CHARLES D. HAYS.

Charles D. Hays was born in Ross County, this state, in 1826.
When about four years of age, he went with his father's family to
Pike County, and settled on a farm near the town of Piketon,
where he spent seventeen years of his youth assisting on the farm.
In 1847, he came to this county, and for nearly three years lived in
Union Township. In 1849, he purchased a farm three miles north
of Bloomingburg, and in 1850 moved upon it, where he still resides.
He has made man}' improvements ; among them the erection of a
commodious residence.

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 1001

lie united in mai-riage, in 1848, with Miss Catherine^ daughter
of John and Mary A. Parker, of Paint Township, Rev, William
Dickey officiating. Six children blessed this union ; three sons and
three daughters: John, George, Grant, Mary A., Emma and Mar-
garet; all living at home except John and George, who are mar-
ried. George resides in Fayette, and John in Clinton County.

Charles' grandfather was a native of Ireland. (See biography of
Morgan Hays.)

James, Charles' father, was l)orn in Kentucky. When ten years
old he came to this state with his parents, and to the farm now
owned by C. D. Hays. When about twent}' years of age he went
to Ross County, and made his home with his brothers-in-law,
Charles and John Davis.

In August, 1823, he was joined in marriage, to Miss Margaret,
daughter of Robert and Priscilla McGuire. The result of this
union was seven sons and three daughters : D. M., C. D., William
C, James W., George L., Peter B., John, Harriet, Margaret L.
and Keziah D.;'all living in this state -at this writing, except Wil-
liam C, who keeps hotel at Pueblo, Colorado, and Harriet, living
in Washington Territory. The father died in Pike County, April,
1855.

C. D. Hays and wife own nearly nine hundred acres of land, part
of which is in Clinton County. The farm upon which they live
contain two hundred and thirty-eight acres, well improved and
beautiful to the eye.

Mr. Hays is a strong Republican, and staunch temperance man.
Himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

MRS. REBECCA HEMPHILL.

Rebecca Hemphill was born in Meadville, Pennsylvania, May
29, 1814. She was the daughter of Oliver Haynes, who was killed
by the British when they burned Black Rock. Her mother was
Mary, daughter of Robert and Jennie Wallace, who were of Irish
extraction.

Her father's family consisted of one son and four daughters ;

she the youngest, and only one that is living. Her mother was

born in 1764, and died in Meadville, Pennsylvania, when about

seventy-live years of age. Mrs. Hemphill still retains her mother's

67

1002 HISTORY OF FAYETTE" COUNTY.

Bible, bong-lit at Bald Eagle, of Xathaii Harvey, and printed in
1794.

She was married three times. Her first liusband was Mathew
Greening of Amstei-dam, ISTew York, by whom she had three chil-
dren ; all dying in infancy. Her second hnsband was Aaron Roger,
of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who died in 1847. She then mar-
ried John Hemphill, of Bloomingburg, Fayette County, this state,
August, 1850. He died July, 1876, from disease contracted while
in the army. He was a member of Company K, 90th Regiment,
(). V. I.; never asked nor received one da3'"s furlough during three
years* service. He is one of the many who gave health and life
for his country's good.

Mrs. Hemphill's uncle, John Wallace, was burned at the stake,
by the Indians, near Freely's Fort, Pennsylvania. She has been a
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for twenty-one years.
For many years she lived in Pittsburg, but now has a comfortable
home in the village of Bloomingburg.

xMRS. PAMELIA HIDY.

Mrs. Hidy was born in Clarke County, this state, in 1822. She
came with her father's family to this county, in 1831, when they
settled in Jefferson Township, on what is well known as theHigbee
farm. Her father, Samuel Higbee, was a native of Pennsylvania,
and her mother of New Jersey. They were married in September,
•1810, and came to this state, Marcli, 1818. Mr. Higbee died
December, 1857 : Mrs. Higbee, May, 1863 ; both were members of
the Baptist Church. Their ftimily consisted of four sons and seven
daughters : Obadiah, Kourtland K., Joseph, John, Jane, Annie,
Pamelia, Elizabeth, Mary, Sarah and Martha. All, except Annie
and Mary, lived to be over twenty-five years of age ; none but
Pamelia and Elizabeth live at this writing. Elizabeth married
Crum Creamer; Jane married Henry Parrett : Sarah married
Mr. Bettler; Martha married Dr. Heard; C. K. married Elizabeth
Morris.

Pamelia, our subject, united in marriage with Humphrey Hidy,
of this county, in 1844. The result of this union v^'as eight chil-
dren. Emily died when about eighteen years of age. The living
are Louisa L., Sarah, Vohiey, Samuel, Alfred and Lincoln. Louisa
married Mr. Trumper; Sai-ah married Thomas Green; Martha

PAINT TOAVNSIIIP. 1008

married Tallie AlcCallip ; Voluey married Kose Gains; Alfred
married Ida Hoft'man ; and Lincoln married Viola Porter ; Sam-
uel is single, living with bis mother at the homestead.

Immediately after his marriage, Mr. Humphrey liidy moved on
the farm where his widow now resides, and where he died in April,
1879, having lived a sober, quiet and industrious life. He was a
member of the Masonic fraternity. His father, Joseph Hidy, sen.,
was a native of Virginia, and came to this state in 1800. He was
nuirried three times. By his second wife he had two sons, Jacob
and Isaac ; by the third wife he had four sons and six daughters :
Joseph, Humphrey, Irvin, Volney, Sidney, Margaret, Mary J.,
OHve, Louisa, and Clara. Joseph Hidy, sen,, died September, 1878,
leaving a large fortune to his children. He was the first man in
this county that refused to furnish liquor to his harvesters, claim-
ing that they were better without it. He suffered great persecution,
many men refused to work ; but Jie stood firm, and always managed
to save his harvest. Time has proved Mr. Hidy's theory to be the
true one.

MRS. ANN HYDE.

Mrs. Ann Hyde was born, December 15, 1818, in Ross County,
Ohio, near Clarksburg. She was the daughter of John "VV. and
Charlotte Timmons. Mr. Timmons was a native of Delaware, and
Mrs. Timmons of Maryland, and came to Ohio when quite young.

Our subject united in marriage with Nathan Hyde, who was born
in West Virginia, November 23, 1844. The result of this marriage
was five children, two of whom died when quite young. The liv-
ing are : John W., Mary and Martha. Mary married Samuel Dun-
lap, of Ross county. They located, however, in Monroe Town-
ship, Pickaway County, on a farm of eight hundred acres, upon
which is a fine residence. John and Mary are single and at home.

Mr. Hyde died, July 7, 1869, in his seventy-sixth year. After
his death, Mrs. Hyde moved to this county, and settled on what
has long been known as the John Myers farm, where she still re-
sides. This farm was purchesed by Mr. Hyde, and consists of
four hundred and sixty-two acres of land, with a fine house upon
it. Mrs. Hyde has good health for one of her age, and manages
her business well, assisted by her son John, whose prospects for
abundant wealth are not exceeded by any young man in the county.

1004 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Mrs. Hyde has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church
since her youth.

GEORGE M. HOLLAND.

George M. Holland was born in Madison County, Ohio, in 1826.
His father, Charles, was born in Maryland, in 1787, came to Ohio
in 1795, and lived with Thomas Earles, of Ross County. He w^as
married three times. His first wife w^as Phoebe Jefferson, by whom
he had no children. His second wife was Ellen Ogden, by whom
he had seven children, five daughters and two sons. His third wife,
w^as Betsey Wendel, to whom three daughters w^ere given. The
children living are: Sarah Corle, John, George M., Rachel Brown,
Susan A. Baldwin, and Catherine W. Casey. The deceased are :
Polly Vincent, Eliza Still, Martha J. Jones, and Susan Holland.

George M. Holland came to this county, with his father, and lo-
cated on a farm near Bloomingburg ; has been a farmer most of
his life. He married Adeline Kirkpatrick, March 1851. Nine
children Avas the result of this union — ^six sons and three daugh-
ters : Jeptha, Chauncey, William H., l^annie E., Sarah J., George
M., Ella Gertrude, Job, and Charles R. All are living except Wil-
liam H. ; two are married.

The parents of Adeline Holland were James Kirkpatrick and
^N'ancy Smith, both from Virginia. Their family consisted of
thirteen children, five boys and eight girls, of whom, at this date,
five are living, and eight dead.

Our subject has retired from the farm, lives in the village of
Bloomingburg, and has a handsome income, the result of hard la-
bor and good management in early life.

MRS. ELIZABETH HOLLAND.

Mrs. Holland was the daughter of Peter and Rachel (Wolf)
Wendel, natives of Virginia. Peter was the son of Valentine
Wendel, whose home was on the South Branch of the Potomac,
where four brothers settled upon their arrival from Germany.
Peter married in Virginia, and came to Ohio in 1795; settled on
Paint Creek on the farm now owned by Burton Vesey. Both died
here. Their family consisted of eight daughter^ and four sons,
none now living except Elizabeth.

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 1005

After the death of the parents, the homestead Avent into the
hands of Joseph, who, in time, caught the " western fever." He
left the old homestead and went to Missouri, from thence to l!^ew
Orleans, and finally to Washington Territory, where he and his
wife died.

The Wendel family have always heen noted for their honesty.
The honesty of Joseph may be illustrated by an anecdote. Mr.
Edward Popejoy in those days would buy his neighbors hogs, take
them to market, and pay for them when he returned. Upon one
occasion he went to buy Mr. WendeVs hogs when this conversa-
tion ensued : " Well, Joe, how much do you want for your hogs? "
'• Neddy, what do you think they are worth ? " Mr. Popejoy stated
Avhat he would give, when Mr. Wendel responed : " Neddy, I
think that is too much. They are worth so and so." " Well, Joe,
I will take them at your price."

Our subject was married to Charles Holland, September 28, 1826,
by whom she had three daughters : Rachel, Susan, and Catherine
W. Rachel married John Brown, and owns a farm, but lives in
Bloomingbnrg. Susan married William Baldwin, owns and lives
on a part of the home farm. Catherine married Henry Casey,
lives on the farm, and in the house where she was born.

Mr. Holland died, December, 1879, leaving a large estate to his
children. He had been a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church for many years, and died in full prospect of a happy eter-
nity.' Mrs. Holland is eighty-six years of age, spending her de-
clining years at the home of her daughter Susan.

WILLIAM r. JONES.

William F. Jones is a son of Mathew and Elizabeth (Allen) '
Jones. Mathew was born in Virginia, May 15, 1792, near the lo-
cality where John Brown, was hung. In 1812 he settled in this
township, on the farm now owned by Willis and Noah Jones.
Shortl}^ after his arrival he participated in the war of 1812, and was
afterwards appointed major of the militia. He died, April, 1864.

Our subject's mother w^as a daughter of Ananias Allen, and died
in 1827. The result of this marriage was four sons and three
daughters. His father married again, his second wife being Mrs.
Catherine (Glaze) Core, by whom he had five sons and two daugh-
ters. She died in 1845.

1006 HISTORY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

AVilliani F. Jones was born, Xovember 3, 1823, in this township.
January 1, 1845, he married Martha J. Holland, daughter of Charles
and Ellen (Ogden) Holland. By this union the children are : Mary,
now Mrs. Horace L. Smith, deceased, Charl ?s M., George M., and
two who died in infancy. His wife died October 1, 1876.
He married, August 1877, Eliza J., daughter of Thomas and Jennie
(Graham) Thompson; no children. Both a^e members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church.

He has held the othce of trustee and treasurer of Madison town-
ship. He was in Garfield's regiment, 42d O. Y. L, and remained
three years a private. He was engaged in sixty -five battles. He
was taken prisoner at Cumberland Gap, and retained at Danville,
Kentucky, eight months. Seeing that escape from the rebels was
impossible, and determined that they should reap as little benefit
as possible from his capture, he bent his gun, and cast amunition
and all into a stream. Recently he received a very cordial letter
from President Garfield, with a history of his life, a very pleasing
testimonial of personal regard for one so earnestly devoted to his
country.

WILLIAM M. JONES.

Jesse Jones, William's father, was a native of Virginia, born in
1799. He came to Ohio in 1818, and about the year 1822, was
united in marriage with Miss Sarah Gum. The result of this union
was six sons and three daughters: John, William M., Jesse M.,
Ethan A., Norton G., James M., Catharine, Clara, and Etfie. All
are now living except John and Catharine. Clara and Etfie are
unmarried.

William M., our subject, was born in Ross County, Ohio, in 1832,
and came to this county in 1865. He married Mrs. Elizabeth Sny-
der, widow of Mitchell Snyder, and this union has been blessed
with five children, two sons and three daughters: Chauncy T.,
William A., Edith B., Mary A., and Maggie I.

Mrs. Jones had two children by her first marriage, one son and
one daughter: John W. and Elizabeth. She was the daughter of
William and Piercy Taylor. Her father was a native of Ohio,
born in 1811; her mother a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1813.
She has three sisters and one brother: Mary, Priscilla, Lottie, and
William, all living, and all married.

PATXT TOWNSirrp. 1007

Mr. Jones served four moiitlis in the Xational Guards, in 1864.
He is a charter niemher of Masonic Lodge No. 449, and has ad-
vanced in the order to the degree of Royal Arch Mason. He is an
official meniher in the Methodist Episcopal Church. He resides in
Bloomingburg, and is doing a thriving business, manufacturing
and repairing buggies, and keeps on hand a large stock, and war-
rants all his work.

THOMAS LARRIMER.

Thomas Larrimer, farmer, was born in Fayette County, Pennsyl-
vania, September 7, 1802, where he spent thirty years of his life.
He was united in marriage with Miss Mary, daughter of Andrew
and Elizabeth Bryson, of the same county and state. In the fall
of 1832, he removed, with his father's family, to Ohio, and settled
in Bloomingburg. His family consisted of four sons and five
daughters : John, Andrew B., James G., David K,, Eliza B., Sarah
A., Jane P., Margaret M., and Melissa. All lived to have families.
Jane P. married Roland iS^. Trimble; in 1860, they moved to Mis-
souri, and settled in Johnson County, where Mrs. Trimble died, in
1877. Eliza married Morgan Hays, of. Fayette County, March 19,
1833, and died in October, 1879. Sarah A. married S. W. Thorn-
ton, Melissa married W. S. Ball, and both removed to N'ebraska,
settling on adjoining farms. Margaret M. married R. A. Walles,
and resides in Kansas. James G. married Miss Eliza J. Haymaker,
and lives in South Charleston. David K. married Miss Sarah Sax-
ton, and lives in Washington. John married Miss E. A. Edwards,
and resides in this township. Andrew B. died in the service of his
country, June 13, 1863. He was a member of the First Ohio Cav-
alry, and went out in 1862. David K. volunteered in Company H,
7th Iowa, July 10, 1861, and continued in some part of the service
until September, 1865. He was wounded in a fight at Belmont,
Missouri, in consequence of which he receives a pension.

Our subject has been a member of the board of county infirmarv
directors for nearly fifteen years, and has filled the office with abil-
ity, and satisfaction to tlie citizens of the county.

His father was born in Little York, Pennsylvania, and his mother
in 'New Jersey. Their family consisted of five sons and one daugh-
ter. The daughter died in 1846.

Mrs. Thomas Larrimer died, September 14, 1877. She had been

1008 HISTOHY OF PAYETTE COUNTY.

a member of the Presbyterian Church for over fift}- years. Mr.
Larrimer is a member of the same denomination. He is a Repub-
lican, and a strong temperance man, and has been a useful member
in society.

MRS. RACHEL MARTIN.

Mrs. Rachel Martin was born near Bloomingburg, September 14,
1816. Her father, John Sensabaugh, a native of Orange County,
'New York, came to Ohio, in 1815, and settled in this township,
where he lived and died. He married Jane Gunning, of JSTew York,
in 1814, by whom he had two sons and four daughters, only three
of whom are now living — Mrs. S. J. Gibson, William Sensabaugh,
and our subject.

Mrs. Martin has been married three times. Her first husband
was Mr. John Myers, of Virginia, who died in 1867. Her second
husband was Mr. Samuel Greenlee ; born in Fayette County, Penn-
sylvania, March 4,1809; came to Ohio in 1839; united in marriage
with Mrs. Myers, in 1872, and died, April 9, 1875; was a member
of the Baptist Church. In May, 1878, she married Mr. C. W.
Martin, with whom she stiU lives. This has proved to be a happy
union. Mr. Martin is a native of Pennsylvania; born in 1815;
came to Ohio in early life, and settled in Madison County.

Mr. and Mrs. Martin live near Bloomingburg, in a cosy home,
with a good income. She is a member of the Presbyterian, and he
of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

ANTHONY MOORE.

Philip Moore, Anthony's father, was born in Harding County,
Virginia, in 1770, but moved to Kentucky, and settled in Clark
County. He came to Ohio, in March, 1811, bought out John De-
volt, in this township, and moved into the house where the first
court for the county was held, in 1810. At this place he spent the
remaining part of his life, his death occurring May 15, 1831. He
married Miss Kate Hornback, of Virginia. The result of this
union was nine children, one son and eight daughters. All lived
to marry and have families. Those living, are Polly, whose home
is in Missouri; Barbara, who resides on Barbj- ; and Anthony, our
subject.

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 1009

Mr. Moore is now eighty -iivo years of age; can range forest and
field like a boy of fifteen; lives on the same hill where his father's
house stood, and is noted for honesty and uprightness of character.
November 22, 1822, he married Miss Mary, daughter of Isaac
Thompson. Five children were given to this union, two sons and
three daughters: Philip, Isaac, Elizabeth, Catharine, and Annie —
all married, and still living.

Mr. Moore has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church for forty-eight years. In politics, he is a Republican. • He
has never held any public office of trust, nor has he ever wanted
any.

Mrs. Adam Funk, mother of the noted Jacob Funk; whose
death, which occurred in 1820, caused great moral change in the
Funk family, was a sister of Philip Moore.

Philip was drafted into the arm_y, but his brother Jacob, who was
a single man, took his place, and was lost in St. Clair's defeat.

MRS. PH(EBE MORRIS.

Mrs. Ph(£be Morris, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Stin-
son) Grove, was born in Ross County, Ohio, October 22, 1814.
When one year of age. she removed with her parents to Jackson
County, and remained there until about nineteen years old, when
on the 25th of June, 1833, she married Samuel, son of John and
Elizabeth (Tway) Morris. In her father's family there were eight
children, one son and seven daughters.

Samuel, her husband, was born December 22, 1805, in Clermont
County, Ohio, removed to this county in 1812, and settled in Paint
Township. They were the parents of eight children, seVen of
whom are living: Daniel G., Samuel R., Electa J., William W.,
Martin W., Amanda E., and Ella. John E., was a private in the
14th O. V. I., and died near Vicksburg, from disease contracted
while in the service of his country.

Mr. Morris was a successful farmer, and was killed by the rolling
of a saw-log, September, 1868. He was a member of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, and his widow is a devoted and consistent
member of the same society;

Ella, the youngest daughter, is at present a student of Del-
aware College, making the stndj- of music a specialty. Mrs. Mor-
ris has a pleasant home in Bloomingburg, and also a productive

1010 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

farm, a portion of the old homestead. Her children are models
of industry and morality.

SAMUEL R. MORRIS.

Samuel R., son of Samuel and Phoebe (Groves) Morris, was born
in Paint Township, this county, February 9, 1837. His whole life
has been spent in this county on a farm. He united in niarriage,
December 19, 1861, with Miss Ellen L., daughter of Abram and
Harriet Miller, of Madison County. Eight children blessed this
union, four sons and four daughters: John T., Mattie F., Charlie
E., Cordie L, Gertie M., Frank A., Edna Mand, and Earl W., all
living, and at home at this writing.

After marriage, Mr. Morris settled on a farm bought by his
father, and moved into a house built by Col. Samuel Myers in 1815.
He still lives in the same house, cozy and comfortable. Mr. Mor-
ris' mother died in this house at the advanced age of one hundred
and three years. Here, also, at one time, the United Brethren
held their conference.

John Morris, our subject's grandfather, was born in New Jersey,
March 3, 1776. When about twelve years of age he came to Ohio,
and settled in Hamilton County, near where Cincinnati now stands.
In the year 1800 he married Miss Elizabeth Tway. Their family
consisted of twelve children, nine of whom lived to have families.
Only three of them are now living. For many years his house was
used as a place of public worship. He died August 8, 1858; his
wife in February, 1847. Both were members of the Methodist
Episcopal Church for many years, and died in full hope of a
glorious immortality.

WILLIAM W. MORRIS.-

John Morris, William's grandfather, was a native of JSTew Jer-
sey. He came to Ohio when young, and spent most of his life in
Paint Township, Fayette County. He sold his farm in this county,
however, to Henry Wissler, and moved to Madison County, where
he died in 1858. His wife's maiden name was Skinner. Their
family consisted of three sons and five daughters : William, Sam-
uel Calvin, Elizabeth, Jane, Sarah, Carohne, and Leatha. All
lived to have families except Sarah, but none living at this writing

I'AIXT TOWNSHIP. 1011

except Elizabeth, Jane, and Leatlia. Samuel, William's father,
was born in Paint Township, in 1804, and sj)ent his entire life in
this conimnnity. He spent the early part of his life with his
father, on what is at present known as the Wissler farm. He united
in marriage with Miss Phcebe Groves, of Jackson County, in about
1831. They "started together on life's journey with very limited
means, but by industry and good management, acquired a nice lit-
tle fortune for themselves and children. Their family consisted of
five sons and three daughters: Daniel G., Samuel R., John E., Wil-
liam W., Martin W., Electa J., Amanda E., and Elma E., all mar-
ried and living within two miles of w^here they w^ere born except
John, who lost his life in the army. The father died in Septem-
ber, 1868.

William W. Morris, our subject, was born in Paint Township,
]^ovember, 1833. In November 1872, he married Theresa J., daugh-
ter of Dr. S. A. Morton, of Ross County, Mrs. Morris was edu-
cated at South Salem Academy, commenced teaching before six-
teen years of age, and followed that vocation for eight years. Her
mother was Mary W. Wentworth, great-granddaughter of Bening
Wentworth, of Maine, a Revolutionary soldier, and a descendant
of the celebrated English Wentworth family. Her grandfather
came to Ohio in 1817, and settled in Chillicothe, and her great-
grandfather soon after, where he died in 1850. Her grandfather
went to Kansas, where he died in 1877. Her grandmother was
Esther Dennison, of Maine, still living, and a relative of Governor
Dennison. Dr. S. A. Morton's death occurred in the spring of
1865. Mrs. Morton is now sixty-three years of age, and* lives at
Good Hope, with her daughter, Mrs. W. A. Irvin.

The family of William W. and Theresa J. Morris, consists of
four healthy, handsome and promising children, one son and
three daughters: Jessie, Lora, Hallie, and Samuel M. AVilliam
owns and lives upon a part of the home farm, five miles north of
Bloomingburg. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church; his wife of the Presbyterian Church. A rather curious
coincidence occurs in this family. The fathers of Mr. and Mrs. Mor-
ris, Samuel Morris and Dr. S. A. Morton, were both born in the
year 1804, and each lost his life by an accident, the death of the
former was caused by the rolling of a saw log, and the latter met
his death by a fall from a horse.

1012 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

DANIEL (4. MORRIS.

Daniel G. Morris, SOU of Samuel and, Phoebe (Groves) Morris,
was boru, April 28, 1834, iu Paint Township, Fayette County, Ohio.
He was united in marriage, March 20, 1862, with Susanna M.,
daughter of Frederick Selsor. One sou and two daughters have
been given them: Mary E., Estelia May, and Frederick S., all liv-
ing and in good health.

Daniel, our subject, owns a farm on the Danville pike, of two
hundred and fourteen acres of land, upon which his residence
stands. For forty-seven years he has lived in Paint Township, and
has for a number of years traded extensively in sheep. In politics,
he is a Republican. He and his wife are both members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Morris is one of the men who
has passed through a linancial crash, and come out with a clear
record.

BENJAMIN HARRISON. *

Batteal Harrison, father of Benjamin Harrison, was born in Vir-
ginia, but came to Ohio in 1797, with an uncle, and stopped in Bel-
mont County. When twenty-one years of age he enlisted in the
war of 1812, and served from its commencement to its close. He
went out as a lieutenant, but was promoted to a captaincy, and
finally raised to the rank of general. He was married during the
war to Elizabeth Scott, sister of Dr. Scott, of Chillicothe. After
the close of the war they settled in M adison Township, this county,
in the fall of 1815, on what has long been known as the Harrison
lands, where Mrs. Harrison died, in 1851, and Mr. Harrison in
1857. For many years he had charge of the militia of the county.
He was elected to the legislature, and served two terms, his second
term being the winter of 1837. General Harrison was a highly
cultivated gentleman, possessed of great energy, true and faithful
to every trust committed to him, and brave in defense of his coun-
try as Washington himself. He was very fond of blooded horses
and fine dogs. A granddaughter once attempted to whip from
before the fire, one of his favorite dogs, when the general, putting
his hajid on the child's head, said : "Libbie, give the dog a inece
of bread."

PAINT TOWNSHIP.

10l3

Mrs. HtirrisQii was a woman of rare intelligence and benevolence.
Their family consisted of live sous and one danghter : Benjamin,
Scott, William, David, John, and Mary. All lived to have families.
John lost his life battlingfor his countr}^, William lives in Wash-
ington, 0. H., and David at Marshall, Missouri, where he owns a
nice farm, Scott went to Missouri and died there in 1875. Mary
married Thomas Vance, and lives on part of the home farm.

Benjamin, our subject, was born in Koss County, February 8,
1815, but came with his father to Fayette, in the same year. lie
was united in marriage, March 9, 1837, to Martha, daughter of
Thomas Reeves, of Madison County. In 1855 they settled in Mad-
ison, on the farm where they still live. .They have five children,
four daughters and one son: Mary E. niarried S. W. Brown, An-
geline married M. L. Yates, Batteal married Lydia A. Rogers, Isa-
bella married J. S. Martin, and Winnie S. married S. H. Farrar.
All live near home except Mrs. Farrar, who resides in Missouri.

Our subject owns a farm of about fifteen hundred acres of land,
upon which he has erected a substantial farm house. In politics he
is a Democrat; a good and safe man. •

ROBERT C. PARKER.

John Parker, father of Robert C, was born in Hampshire Coun-
ty, Virginia, in 1799. He married Mary A. Whiteman, in 1826,
by whom he had six children, two sons and four daughters, all of
whom lived to be grown, but three have since passed to the spirit-
land. Those living are Mrs. L. L. Barker, Mrs. C. D. Hays, and
Robert C. He came to Ohio in June, 1826, and settled in Marion
Township, where he remained five years, then removed to this town-
ship, and settled on what is now well known as the Parker farm.
He died in January, 1873. His wife still survives, but is in poor
health.

Robert C, our subject, was born in Marion Township, and came
with his father to this township, ^yhere he still lives. He married
Margaret, daughter of Fuederick Selsor, by whom he had two chil-
dren: Alice and William S. Little Alice died in May, 1868, when
eleven years of age. William is at home, and aids his father in
running the farm.

In politics, he is a Republican, a staunch temperance man, and
never used tobacco in anv form. Both himself and wife are mem-

1D14 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He owns a farm of five
hundred acres, and is erecting a house, which, when completed,
will be one of the fine houses of the county. He is a good and
safe man.

JOHN W. ROGERS.

John W. Rogers, farmer, son of David and Mary Rogers, was
born in this county, October 12, 1838. He was joined in wedlock
with Miss Mary H., daughter of Joseph and Ann C. Harper, by
Rev. E. H. Dixon, February 7, 1867. The result of this union was
six children. The four living are Joseph D., Ira B., Alexander, and
John W.

Our subject owns a farm, on the Danville pike, of about four
hundred acres, well improved, upon which he is at present erecting
a fine residence. He gives special attention to wheat, grass, fruit,
and sheep.

John's father and mother were natives of Pennsylvania. Mrs.
Roger's father was hovn in Maryland, but raised in Delaware, and
came to Ohio when about nineteen years old. Her mother was
born in A-^irginia, in 1812, and came to Ohio with her parents, in
1815.

In politics, our subject is a Republican, and an anti-slavery man.
Both himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal
Church.

It is worthy of note, that Joseph Harper, the father of Mrs.
Rogers, when married, in 1833, was quite a poor young man, but at
his death, which occurred June 27, 1878, he left a large estate for
his children, gained by farming.

Daniel Rogers, father of John, was born in 1805, and came to
Ohio in about 1832. He married Miss Mary Jennings. When he
came to this state, his entire property consisted of a small bundle
of clothes. For many years, however, he has been regarded as
among the wealthy men of Fayette.

PERRY SALMON.

Perry Salmon was born in Paint Township, near where he now
lives, April 12, 1810. He has spent his entire life in this commu-
nity ; has never been out of the state but once, when he crossed

PAINT TOWNSHIP. lOlo

over into Kentucky, for a clnuigo of a few hours; has seldom Vjeen
out of the county for any length of time. Has been a very stern
business man, with a will of his own, healthy, and full of activity-

iS'ovember 25, 1831, he united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth,
daughter of Philip and Kate Moore, of this county. Four chil-
dren were born to them, two sons and two daughters: John, Solo-
mon, Lueretia, and Mary A.; all living, and all married, except
Solomon, who is at home. Lueretia married Robert Lain, Mary
A. married John Tway, jr., and John married Miss Margaret,
daughter of Lewis Green, Es.q., of this county. All live near
w^here they were born, except John, whose home is in Madison
County. The grandchildren are: Annie Lain, Robert Lain, Man-
tie M. Tway, and Elizabeth Leoti Tway — all healthy and interest-
ing children.

The bombarding of Fort Sumpter stirred the loyal blood of
young Solomon, and at the call of the government he at oncea-e-
sponded. He served his country faithfully for nearly three years,
when he was honorably discharged.

Mrs. Salmon was a woman of noble heart, and an active mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church from her youth. She died
in full hope of a happy eternity, December 6, 1869.

Perry's father was a native of Delaware, and his mother of
Maryland. His father came to this state as early as the year 1805,
soon thereafter, purchased a tract of land containing four hundred
acres, situated between the Little Miami and Scioto rivers. This
land fell into Paint Township, six miles north of Bloomingburg,
on East Fork of Paint, when the county and townships were or-
ganized. Here Mr. Salmon built a horse-mill, that did all the
grinding for the settlers for many miles around. His family con-
sisted of one son and two daughters : Sophia, married to Nathaniel
Tway, sen. ; Lovie, married to S. Stodard ; and Perry, Avho mar-
ried Miss Elizabeth Moore, as has already been stated. All are
dead except our subject.

Mr. Solomon Salmon, sen., died in July, 1837, at quite an ad-
vanced age ; his wife having preceded him to the spirit-land, many
years.

Our subject has been a man of great physical strength, and has
drawn upon it heavily through life. He has a valuable farm of
more than three hundred acres of land, with never failing water
thereon, flowing from the well known " Salmon Spring." Mr. and

1016 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Mrs. Lain make their home with him, assisting in the care and
management of homestead and farm.

FREDERICK SELSOR.

Frederick Selsor was born in West Virginia, in 1800. He came
to Ohio in- 1816, and stopped in Pickaway Count}' ; from thence
removed to Madison Connty. In 1828 he married Polly, daughter
of William and Betsey Rankin, of Paint Township, Payette
County. In the fall of 1852, he came to this county and settled on
wdiat was then known as the Kankin farm, having purchased this
land in 1848. Here he still resides, having erected a commodious
dwelling thereon. His faniil}- consists, at this writing, of six chil-
dren : Ehzabeth, married to William Tway, Margaret, married to E,
C. Parker, Susanna, married to Daniel Morris, Mary, married to
Alfeert Groves, William, married to Letitia Morris, all living in the
vicinity of the homestead, and John, who is single and at home,
giving attention to the business of the farm.

Mr. Selsor's father came from Germany to the United States
during the Revolutionary war. His mother was born in Virginia.
Mrs. Frederick Selsor died in the spring of 1852. Her mother died
at the Rankin farm before it passed into the hands of Mr. Selsor.
Her father removed to Illinois, where he died. Her uncles, Sinith
and Jacob Rankin, went to Missouri, and being staunch Union
men, were greatly annoyed by rebels during the late civil war.

Mr. Selsor, our subject, is a strong Republican; has never voted
for a Democratic president since General Jackson vetoed the
United States Bank. He has been a business man highly respected.
He is now somewhat advanced in life, but strong in body and mind
for one of his age.

WILLIAM J. SELSOR.

William J. Selsor is the son of Frederick and Mary (Rankin)
Selsor, and was born in Madison County^ Ohio, August 20, 1834,
came to this county with his father, and settled in Paint Township.
He married Electa J., daughter of Samuel and Phoebe Morris,
April 21, 1870, by Hon. Mills Gardener. They have been blessed
in their union by three beautiful little daughters, all living,

William's prospect for wealth are quite flattering. He is the owner,

flrtMi^

PAINT TOWNSHIP. ' 1017

in iill, of about nine lumdred ucres of laiul. Tlu; farm on tho Dan-
ville pike, on which his elegant residence stands, contains three
linndred acres of as fine land as can well be found in any country.
Frederick, his father, was a native of "West Virginia.

HUGH C. STEWART.

Dr. Hugh C. Stewart was born near llagerstown, Maryland,
May 26, 1805, and came to Frankfort, Koss County, Ohio, in 1809,
with his father's family. In 1812 he attended school at Blooming-
burg, New York, where he remained until the spring of 1817,
when he returned to Ohio. In 1820 he attended school at ChilH-
cothe Academy, and remained there for about four years; here he
commenced the study of medicine, and in the fall of 1826 was ad-
mitted to practice. In the fall of 1827 he came to Bloomingburg,
and for a short time clerked for Mr. Alexander ; from here he
went to the Brush Creek Iron Works. In the spring of 1828 he
returned to Bloomingburg, this county, where he has lived ever
since. For ten years he kept store, sold goods and medicines, and
often prescribed when there was no practicing physician in reach.
He has been a worthy member of the Presbyterian Church for fifty
years. A man of honor and kind heart.

September 80, 1828, he united in marriage with Sarah Allibane,
of Philadelphia.

The doctor's father was Hugh Stewart (whose sketch appeiys in
another part of this work); his mother was Margaret Smith, a na-
tive of Philadelphia. His grandfather came from Ireland.

Mrs. Dr. Stewart passed from earth to her final reward,
February 17, 1880. She will ever live in the affections of those
who knew her, as one of earth's brightest jewels. The doctor for
some years past has devoted himself to the practice of medicine,
and has the esteem of those who know him. He was lieutenant-
colonel in the home militia in 1828, was postmaster for a long time,
and has been an elder in the church. Politically he was an
old line Whig, then a Ffeesoiler, and now a Ilepublican. His
house, for many years, was a depot on the underground railroad.
He is the only one living, of fourteen children, of his father's fam-
ily. His own family consisted of seven children, of whom only
William H. and Fannie A. are living.

1018 . HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

GEORGE STEWART.

George Stewart is the grandson of Hugh and Margaret Stewart,
who resided in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary war. Af-
ter the close of the war, he emigrated to what was then called the
frontier of Pennsylvania, but soon left that region and went into
Maryland, where he settled on the lands of General Spriggs. From
here he went to Greencastle, Pennsylvania, and engaged in mer-
cantile business. While the business was mostly conducted by his
wife, son George, and daughter Elizabeth, he worked vigorously at
his trade, which was that of stone and brick mason.

In 1804, in company with Thomas Fullerton, his son-in-law, he
came to Ohio and purchased eight hundred acres of land, in Ross
County. About 1808 he brought his family and settled on this
farm. In 1809 he purchased two hundred acres of laud in what
was then called " The Barrens," situated on the road from Chilli-
cothe to Springfield, in the old Ross County territory, now Fay-
ette County.

James Stewart, George's father, was born, September 19, 1786,
in Maryland, on General Sprigg's land.

George, our subject, was born December 1819, near Blooming-
burg, on the farm bought by his grandfather, in 1809. After pass-
ing through the schools at Bloomingburg, he completed his educa-
tion in the Ohio University, at Athens. He has been twice mar-
ried. His first wife was Mary Evans, of Highland County, Ohio,
by whom he had four children, all dead except James R., of Cin-
cinnati. His second wife was Jane Gillespie, of New York. The
result of this union was six children, four daughters and two sons,
all living in this county except Charles, whose home is in Ross
County. George, when first married, settled on a farm four miles
east of Washington, well known as the Stewart farm. In 1859 he
removed to the homestead for the purpose of caring for his father
and mother. His father dying in 18^|J|^id his mother February
8, 1865. The farm, by purchase, fell in?b the hands of George,
upon which he has built and occupies a fine residence. He is a
Republican, an anti-slavery and strong temperance man. He has
been a member of the Presbyterian Church from his youth. He
is a safe man.

PAINT TOWNSHIP. 1019

JOHN STITT.

John IStitt was born September 22, 1812, in the State of New
York, came to Ohio with his fathers faniil}^ in 1819, and settled
in Marion Township, this county, where he remained nine or ten
years. About 1830 his father purchased a farm in Paint Township,
and mov'cd to it, where he died in 1870, having lost his wife in Ma-
rion Township.

Luke Stitt, his father, served for live years on a British man of
war. He married Jane Young, in the city of Kew York, Xovem-
ber 25, 1808. Their family consisted of three sons and two daugh-
ters : William, Eliza, John, Jane, and James, all living in Bloom-
ingburg, except James, who died on the Ohio River as the famih-
were moving to »this state. The parents were both raised in Ire-
land, but became acquainted and married after they came to
America.

John Stitt, our subject, married Eliza, daughter of Charles
Holland, in 1842. Ten children blessed this union, of whom but
live are now living : Eleanor J., James H., Charles L., Joseph Y.,
and Hugh R. James II. and Charles L. are both married and set-
tled on farms. Four of the children died when quite young.
John died, February 24, 1877, aged twenty years, Mrs. Stitt died
in Bloomingburg, February 1872, She was a member of the Pres-
byterian Church. Mr. Stitt has also been a member of the same
denomination since a young man,

JOHN TWAY.

The grandfather of our subject was born near Elizabethtown.
l!^ew Jersey, in about 1753, and was of Irish descent. He served
for three years in ^^le Revolutionary War. He married Sarah,
daughter of Jeremiah Hempstead, of iS'ew Jersey, who bore him
four children : John, EJ^jjpillleth, Jane, and jSTathaniel, all of whom
lived to have families. He came to Ohio in about 1790, and stopped
near where Cincinnati now stands, at what Avas then called Red
Bank Station. From there he removed to this township, where he
died, in 1828, his wife having died in 1827.

Nathaniel, our subject's father, was born at Red Bank, April 22,
1792. He came to Fayette about the year 1811, and located in this

1020 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

township, where he spent his life, but died, in 1868, in Madison
Cionnty, wdiile visiting friends. lie iriarried Sophia B., daughter of
Solomon Salmon, of this townsliip. Their family consisted of four-
teen children, seven sons and seven daughters. All lived to have
families, except three, who died young. Nathaniel, at the time of
his death, was worth from sixteen to twenty thousand dollars. He
was, through all his long life, a peaceable and just man.

John, our subject, was born in Madison County, in 1814. He
was first married to Mary Turnipseed, in 1838, by whom he had
one son and one daughter: Allen and Catharine. Allen lost his
life in the defense of his country — a member of the 114th 0. V. I.
He had the praise of all who knew him at home ; and as a soldier,
none braver and more faithful than he. His death occurred at
A' icksburg, from typhoid fever. Catharine married James White-
side, and lives in this county.

John married for his second wife, EHzabeth McMillen. The re-
sult of this union was nine children, six of the number living, three
married, and three single. James A. is devoting himself to teach-
ing and study, with good success.

Our subject owns about six hundred and twenty acres of land,
with a good house upon it, in which he resides.

NATHANIEL TWAY.

Xathaniel Tway, son of Nathaniel Tway, sen., was born in this
township, October 16, 1838. He was educated under the instruc-
tion of David C. Eastman and Professor Parker. After passing
through an educational course, he entered the field as a teacher,
and for two years gave special attention to his profession. One
year of this time was spent in Indiana, the other in his own town-
ship. His last school was taught in what was then called the
Brush school house. Wlien the life of his country was in danger,
he turned away from school, and ever}- home interest, and in Aug-
ust, 1862, enlisted in Company C, 114tNHjL V. I., where for three
years he served faithfully. Althougli he participated in many
hard-fought battles without bearing tlie marks of rebel shot, he
lived to see the nation saved.

He married Sarah, daughter of Joseph and Ura Strubk^ of Tay-
lorsville, Indiana. This union has been blessed with one sou and
two daughters: Xathaniel S., Clara, and Mary, all living.

I'AINT TOWXSIITP. 1021

Our subject's fatliei- was one oi the early settlers of tljis county.
He devoted his life to fanning and growing stock, and at his death
left a nice fortune for his children.

Joseph Struhle, father of Mrs. Tway, was born in Xew Jersey.
He married Ura Hunt, of Hamilton County, Ohio. They located
in Bartholomew County, Indiana. He was elected to the legisla-
ture in 18o4-'5o, and died January 17, 1862. His wife died Feb-
ruary 17, 1867.

Mr. Tway and wife are liiembei-s of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. In politics, he is Republican, and a staunch temperance
man. He owns a nice little farm, of one hundred and sixty-six
acres, in |:liis township.

JAMES M. WILLIS.

James INI. Willis, farmer, was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, January
20, 1808. His father, Nathaniel, was the tirst printer in Ohio. He
printed for the convention that formed the constitution, and was
the first state printer. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts; his
mother, Mary Cartmill, a native of Virginia. He was first mar-
ried in Boston, to Miss Douglas, by whom he had two children — a
son and daughter. This son was the father of N. P. Willis, the
poet. By his second marriage there were four sons and seven
daughters.

James M., our subject, came to this county in January, 1826, and
clerked in the store of Captain Philip Doddridge seven A'ears, four
years of this time for Ins board and clothes. In 1833, he com-
menced selling goods for himself. In 1837, he Avas joined in holy
wedlock Avith Emily, daughter of William R. and Mary (Buchanan)
Southard, of Bainbridge, Ross County, Ohio. Eight children were
the result of this union. The deceased are John L., Lucy, Ella,
Clara, and Fanny. Those living are William R., James AV., and
Laura B.

Mr. Willis remained in the dry goods business for fifteen years,
and retired with fifty tlioil&and dollars profit. He resides in Bloom-
ingburg, owns a fine tract of land, containing eighteen hundred
acres, well improved; is a self-made man, and a model farmer, as
a look at his farm will testify. His son William lives on a portion
of the farm, in one of the finest houses in the countv.

V.^^

1022 HISTORY ot* MyeTte county.

HENRY WINDLE.

Henry's great-grandfather was Valentino Windle, a native of
Germany, who came, with three brothers, to this country at an
early period, and settled in Virginia, on the South Branch of the
Potomac. His grandfather was Peter Windle, and his grand-
mother, Rachel (Wolf) Windle, of Virginia. They came to Ohio
in 1795, and purchased a tract of land on Paint Creek, this county,
containing six hundred acres. The portion on which they located
is now owned by Burton Vesey. Their family consisted of four
sons and eight daughters.

Henry Windle's fatlier .was Abraham Windle, born in Pendle-
ton County, Virginia, February 25, 1786, but came to Ohio with
his father's family. He united in marriage, July 1822, with Sarah
Smith, Joel Woods, Esq., officiating. She was born in Monroe
County, Virginia, May 16, 1784. The result of this union was one
(laughter and two sons : Catherine, born September 5, 1823, and
died, June 15, 1840. James M., born April 16, 1825, and died,
August 11, 1827. Henry, our subject, was born May 28, 1827.

The Windle family were noted for industry and honesty. The
emigrants to t\iis country in an early day were often found desti-
tute of means. Such always met a kind reception, and found a
liberal hand at Windle's.

At the death of Peter Windle, sen., the land on Paint Creek was
divided between his sons Joseph and Abraham. His son Peter was
provided with a farm on Sugar Creek. Joseph received the por-
tion of land upon which his father's house (log) stood. He in time
moved west, and the homestead changed hands. This farm is now
owned by Burton Vesey. Abraham built a log house and barn on
his part of the land, and here he spent his entire life. Abraham
Windle was tall, fine looking, free and jovial, highly esteemed by
his friends and neighbors.

At the death of his father, in 1863, Henry fell heir, not only to
the homestead, but to a farm of several hundred acres in Missouri,
well improved, and at the death of his mother, which occurred,
September 28, 1879, he inlierited a valuable farm on Paint, which
she owned before her marriage. In addition, Henry controls a
large and valuable farm belonging to Clarissa, his wife, whom he
married, November 12, 1850, and divided from her father's (Joseph

PAINT TOWNSHIP; 1028

Hidy) estate. Heni-y and Clarissa occupy otie of the iinest houses
in this county, with a beautiful lawn, adorned by choicest ever-
greens. Henry started out to take life easy, and has very nearly
made a success of it. He is blessed with more than ordinary men-
tal powers. He has great taste for instrumental music, and is
somewhat of a genius in that line. Earlier in life he was very fond
of hunting. He relishes a discussion on some theological ques-
tions, more than a warm breakfast. He possesses fine flow of
spirit, receives his friends with open arms, but takes very little
pleasure in the society of his enemies. In religion he is a member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics he is a Democrat.
His excellent wife does well her part in keeping up their cozy home.

SUMMARY.

We have now endea.vorcd to unfold the history of this county,
from its earliest settlement to the present. While it has been im-
possible to note each fact specifically, in the process of its evolu-
tion, or enter into the details of each step in its development, yet
we have taken it in its infancy, and during its. initial, tottering
steps, we have guided it with care, and as the framework of its
organism grew into shape, and its proper functions gave it strength
and direction, so have we, in proportion withdrawn the minutiae of
our description, until now she stands before us in perfection, the
exponent of her own beauty and power, from which she can look
back to her feeble genesis and exclaim, TJlfima thule! Look in the
past, and see the four posts supporting poles, covered with brush,
leaves and earth, that protected the first mill, in its transition to
the round log, the hewed log, the frame, and finally the brick, and
steam. From the huge boulder, rudely fashioned into a millstone,
with a boy to turn the bolting apparatus, to the present grand flour-
ing establishments of endless capacity; from the little copper still,
to the immense manufactories of rot-gut and tangle-foot; from the
old-fashioned flax-break to swingling and fulling, the spinning-
wheel and tow to the carding mill and spinning-jenny, with its
thousand spools. The former process is so peculiar, that we de-
scribe it in this connection. In fulhng the home-made clothing in
this county, the neighboring men gathered at the house of one of
their number — say six or eight. Taking seats on the old-fashioned
split-bottom chairs, in a circle, wnth a rope around the backs to
keep them in place, and with the web of cloth in the center, and
with pants rolled up, they placed their feet so as to press in con-
centric opposition to each other, and a good woman, with gourd in
hand to dampen the web with hot soap-suds, they worked, kicking
and pushing against the cloth,. till a late hour at night, when the
woman of the house, with yard-stick, measured the shrinkage, and
finding it complete, pronounces it " thick enough," and the process

srMMAKY. 1025

is tiiiished. From *' liog aiul lioiiiiny," venison, potatoes, corn,
bread, sassafras or spicewood tea, to pies, pastries, and preserves,
baking-powder, biscuit, etc. ; from rosy cheeks, round waists, and
sound lungs, to arsenic hue, sunken chests, attenuated coupling;
from the sugar-trough, to the rosewood, automatic crib; from the
old wooden mold-board, with attachments, and held together by
hickory withes, collar of leather, stutied with husks, to which a
hemp rope was tied, and with a boy on the horse — it is said that
this unique machine among the beech roots, would kick a man
down, kick him over the fence, and kick at him after he was over
— from this grotesque apparatus we pass to the glittering steel
mold-board, gliding smoothly between two wheels, surmounted by
a whistling boy, while tlie furrow is turned unbroken from end to
end; from the shovel-plow, the bare-footed boy, and the hoe, we
pass to the modern planter, which furrows out, drops, and covers
the corn; from the sickle we go to the self-binder; from the flail,
and the hoof of the horse, and winnowing sheet, to the steam sep-
arator; from the blazed path, meandering through the woods, to
the countless turnpikes; from the lumbering ox team, to the light-
ning speed of the railway ; the corduroy bridge in the shady
swamp is succeeded by the magnificent iron structures that now
span our streams ; from the circle around the fire, shelling the corn
b}' hand, to the steam-})ower capacity of a thousand bushels a day;
from the hickory bark bureau and clothes-press, to the inlaid pro-
ductions of the cabinet-maker; from the three-legged stool, tliat
only would stand on the pioneer floor, in its transitions to that acme
of sedentar}'' bliss, the reclining, rep-covered mahogany chair; from
the homespun linsey-woolsey, to the flounced silk and satin polo-
naise and real point lace; from the plain sunbonnet, to the coronal
flower garden; from the rude log cabin, stick chimney, capacious
flre-place, greased paper window, to the brown stone front, polished
base burner, French plate, and silver call ; from the old dandy
wagon, to the elliptic spring phfeton. Such were the times then ;
such are the times, customs, and people of to-day ; and we ma}'
conclude, in the words of Cicero, 0 fe.riii')ora, 0 mo)r.'< .' The old
fireside home —

" Where, piled with care, the nightly stack
Of wood against the chinaney back;
The oaken log, green, huge, and thick,
And on its top the stout back stick ;

1026 HISTORY OF PAYETtE COUNTY.

The knotty fore stick laid apart,
And filled between, with curious art,
The ragged brush ; then hovering near,
We watched the first red blaze appear.
Heard the sharp crackle, caught the gleam,
On whitewashed wall and sagging beam,
Until the old, rude-furnished room
Burst, fiower-like, into rosy bloom," —

Where nuts were cracked, and turnips scraped, and the good old
dog and cat lay snoozing by the fire, have all given place to the
fashioned bhizonry of modern art, style, and stiff formality.

ADDENDA.

Since the commencement of this work, much matter has been
contributed which we deem necessary to a complete and accurate
history. We therefore subjoin it in these addenda.

UXIOX TOWNSHIP.

BANKS AND BANKING.

The first bank established in Washington was known as the
Fayette County Bank — James Pursell, cashier. Its books were
opened for business in October, 1858, and it was located, at that
time, on the north side ot Court, near the west corner of Fayette
Street, in a small one-story brick building, wliich stood on ground
east of, and adjoining that whereon the Peoples and Drovers
Bank building now stands. Its location was subsequently changed
to flie south side of Court Street, in the second story of the brick
building w^est of, and adjoining the then Kirk House, now Arling-
ton Hotel block, where its business was conducted until January,
1867, its assets then being transferred to the First National Bank,
that institution having negotiated for, and purchased its business
interests.

January 19, 1864, the First National Bank was organized by the
election of a board of directors, as follows : Daniel McLean,
Thomas B. Thornton, William McElwain, Anthony Allen, Curran
Millikan, James Beatty, and Charles Vanpelt. Daniel McLean
was afterwards elected president, and Thomas A. Claypoole was ap-
pointed cashier, the latter being the first practical banker engaged
in banking operations here. He had previously been employed as
teller in the Fayette County Bank. The books of the First Na-

1028 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

tional Avero opened for bllsillesf^ in March, 1864, at which time it
was located in rooms on the nortli side. of Court, liear the west cor-
ner of Main Street.

The subscribed capital stock of the First National Bank, at date
of its organization, was $75,000 ; but its paid up capital, at time of
commencement of business, was but $50,000 ; nor was the sub-
scribed capital fully paid until the November following. In Janu-
ary succeeding, however, it was increased to $100,000, and in July,
1871, the paid up capital of the bank was $200,000. In Novem-
ber, 1875, the business of the Fayette County National Bank, by
consent of stockholders, Avas transferred to, and consolidated with
that of the First National Bank, and thereby the capital of the lat-
ter bank was increased to $300,000.

The First National was changed to a private bank (the Peoples
and Drovers) in April, 1878. Its board of directors (October,
1881) is: Daniel McLean, Thomas B. Thornton, Micajah Draper,
David Eogers, James H. Allen, Josiah Hopkins, and Aaron Fer-
neau. Its officers and clerical force is as follows : Daniel McLean,
president; Thomas B.Thornton, vice president; R.A.Robinson,
cashier; M. Herbert, teller; Frank Johnson and Van N.Ogle,
book-keepers. Mr. Johnson is keeper of the general and Mr.
Ogle of the individual ledger.

In January, 1867. T. A. Claypoole having resigned, R. A. Rob-
inson was appointed cashier of the First National Bank, and since
that time has, as cashier, superintended the business management,
through its changes and mutiitions. He had for many years pre-
vious thereto been connected with the Fayette County Bank, and,
as teller, conducted its business affairs.

The Bank of Fayette (Pavey & Claypoole — Madison Pavey and
Thomas A. Claypoole, special partners), commenced business Feb-
ruary 1, 1867. Their banking room was located on the south side
of Court Street, in the room now occupied by Smith & Howat,
merchant tailors. Mr. Pavey purchased Mr. Claj'poole's interest
in the bank in February, 1870, and about one year thereafter,
transferred the entire business interest to A. C. Johnson, who sub-
sequently disposed thereof to the Fayette County National Bank.

The Merchants and Farmers Bank Avas organized in January,

1872, by the election of a board ot directors, as follows : M.

■ Pavey, E. L. Ford, A. M. Stimson, J. W. Sayre, Henry Kirk, James

Willis, and George Dahl. M. Pavey was subsequently elected

ADDENDA.

1029

president, and Morris Sharp was appointed cashier. The bank
commenced business in April, 1872, in its present location, on north
side of Court Street, in the west room of the brick building for-
merly knoAvn as the Wilson House.

B 1 U (i 11 A P II 1 c A ].

MARTIN GROVK.

Martin Grove is a son of Martin Grove, whose father, Martin,
came to Virginia from Pennsylvania in' his youth. Our subject's
father was born in 1791, came to Ross County, Ohio, when twenty-
three years of age, locating near Bush's Mill. He remained ten
years, then settled on Paint Creek, near Washington, on land now
owned by his son Martin. Prior to his removal, he was married to
Mary, daughter of John Cariier, whose family came to this state
Avith them. They had seven children; the hving are: IS'oah,
Christian, Isabella, relict of Joseph C. Cripps, deceased, and Martin.
Upon arriving in this country, he and wife became members of
the Presbyterian Church, where they always remained. He died
in 1856; his wife survives him, is now eighty-seven years of age,
and resides with her daughter, Mrs. Cripps.

Our subject was born, March 29, 1831, on the old homestead,
Avhere he was educated in the common branches. He has lived in
this county most of his life, engaged in farming on his father's
land, then cultivated vegetables ; next conducted a dairy, and
traded in cattle quite extensively. When this county determined
to have pikes, he engaged in the work as contractor, building forty-
one miles, which included the Chillicothe, Leesburg, State Road,
Snow Hill, and part of the Good Hope pike, the time required for
the construction of these thoroughfares, was three yeai-s.

In 1871 Henry Wendel, L. C. Coffman, A. P. Kirk, and Mr.
Grove erected the A. P. Kirk & Co. pork house, at Washington,
conducted it fwo years, at the expiration of which he erected his
present residence, then purchased an interest in the Jackson
County coal land, managed the erection of two twenty ton blast
furnaces, thirty-one frame and eleven brick houses, which consti-
tutes the town of Wellston ; still owns a controling interest, and
does an extensive business. The company is known as the " Well-
ston Coal and Iron Company." He also owns two coal shafts. He

1030 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

removed to his present farm in 1866. It is located two miles from
Washington, on the Chillicothe pike, and contains eight hundred
and thirty acres, well improved, and all cleared save forty acres.
He has a fine two-stor}- hrick residence on the farm, which makes
a heautifiil country home. He w^as married, February 1857, to
Jane, daughter of Samuel Coffman, who bore him eight children :
Clara Belle, married to F. A. White, March 15, 1881; Sarah
Jeanette, wedded to Charles D. Kinney, ]^ovember 17, 1880, and
residing at Walnut Hill, Cincinnati; Eva Mathilda, Martin Sher-
man, Charley C, Lillie Margaret, Lora J., and Samuel Vernon.
Martin S., Lora J., and Samuel Vernon are deceased. Mrs. Grove
was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and departed this life
October 30, 1875. Mr. Grove was married. May 5, 1881, to Emma
Connor, of Cincinnati. She is a daughter of Robert Connor and
Susan Picknell, who were born and married in Scotland, crossed
the ocean in about 1835, and located in Cincinnati, where they
lived until death. They were members of the Episcopal Church.
Our subject's wife and children are members of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, of Washington. The Grove antecedants were
Whigs, but since the annihilation of that party, our subject has
been a Democrat.

■*

JOHN HAYS.

John Hays, son of James Hays, and grandson of Robert and
Margaret (Maguire Hays, was born m Pike County, Ohio,
January 19, 1841, where he spent aiost of his youthful days.

He married Annie Russell, of Scioto County, Ohio, May 12,1867,
who bore him live children : Ida M., Harry C, Ethel C, Orlando,
Florence. Ethel and Orlando have passed to the spirit land. Mr.
Hays settled in Union Township on Avhat has long been known as
the Davis land, of which he owns one hundred and eighty acres,
upon which he has erected a substantial and commodious residence.
He served three years in the 18th 0. 1. A., is a good, quiet citizen,
a safe business man, and has the confidence and respect of all who
know him.

Mrs. Hays' grandfather was WiUiam Russell, who was born near
Londondery, Ireland, about 1784, came to the United States in
1798, and joined his brother John in Philadelphia, who had pre-
ceded him to this country. After a few months he left Philadel-

ADDENDA. 1031

phia, and stopped w\th one John Smith, and learned the hatter's
trade. In 1800 he moved, with Mr. Smith, to Maysville, Kentucky-
In 1808 Mr. Russell iett Kentucky and came to West Union, Ohio,
where he married Nancy Wood, June 8, 1809. He represented
Adams County in the State Legislature, from 1811 to 1813, and in
the State- 'Senate from 1818 to 1820. In 1825 he represented Ad-
Vane, Brown, Highland, Clinton, and Fayette counties; in 1833
the Ross district, in all eight years. He delivered his farewell ad-
dress in congress, February 21, 1843. No man in public life ever
maintained during the severe trials of many heated contests a purer
reputation, and was regarded by all as the honest member. He
died at his residence, in Scioto County, September 27, 1845. His
wife, Nancy (Wood) Russell, was of English descent, born in New
Jerse}^, about 1790, and died, February 21, 1856.

Mrs. Hays' father, Robert Russell, was born in West Union,
Ohio, in 1816, came to Scioto County, with his father's family, in
1833, and married Sarah Heroedh, of Scioto County, Ohio, in-about
1840, who bore one son and one daughter. The son, Robert, is
married, and at this writing lives in Scioto County. Annie, the
daughter, married John Hays, of Pike County, Ohio. Her father
died, September 27, 1845, the same night, and within two hours of
the time her grandfather, William Russell, died. Mrs. Hays re-
ceived her education in the Portsmouth, Ohio, schools. She has
been a member of the Baptist Church from youth. She is a good
neighbor, wife, and mother.

S. F. KERR.

S. F. Kerr was born in Pendleton County, A^irginia, October 21,
1805, and in 1811, removed with his parents, Michael and Mary
Kerr, to Fayette County, Ohio. Here, anjid the rural scenes that
surround the romantic little village of Jeffersonviile, his early boy-
hood was passed. Although reared to agricultural pursuits, he had
an insatiable thirst after knowledge. Hi^ opportunities for gratify-
ing it, however, were meagre, as books were scarce, and difficult to
obtain. He determined to have an education, and he succeeded.
He became a scientist and a scholar. As an astronomer, he was
quite proficient. Not in that branch of science alone did he excel,
but also in philosophy and chemistry. Having a military spirit,
and taking a great interest in the militia of the county, he was

1032 HISTORY OF FAYETTE- COUNTZ.

elected captain at the age of twenty, and Ijefdre the age of twenty-
two, was promoted to the rank of colonel, by which title he was
best known in after life. In 1848, he was elected and received his
commission as brigadier-general of the fourth brigade, teutll divis-
ion, of the Ohio militia. Choosing the law as his profession, he
was admitted to the bar in 1835, and was elected prosecuitrjig^ttor-
ney the same year, which office he held for several terms.

In 1833, he was married to Mrs. Sarah Catharine (Dawson)
Phelps, by whom he had eight children, three of whom survive.
His wife dying, he married, June 2, 1870, Miss Susan Jeannette
Shannon. After a lingering illness of several months, he departed
this life March 17, 1881. His wife and his three surviving children,
Mrs. Lucy Smith, of Columbus, Ohio, Mrs. Hattie C. Lydy, of Cin-
cinnati, and Mrs. Kate Rickley, of Ottawa, Illinois, still survive to
mourn their irreparable loss.

As a lawyer, "he had the highest sense of professional dignity
and honor. His compeers were the old lawyers of renown of south-
ern Ohio — Thomas Ewing, Hunter, Allen G. Thurman, Bond,
Dickey, Douglass, JSTelson Barrere, Robert Robinson, and their con-
temporaries. With such associates he learned the law, and from
them, the duties and amenities of the lawyer. He was eminent in
the profession, particularly in land law and land litigation. In this
department of the law, he was a mine of information and knowl-
edge."

"Upon the adoption of our present constitution, in 1851, he was
elected the first probate judge. He was afterward elected to the
legislature ; twice to fill terms, and once to fill a vacancy. The code
that followed the adoption of our present constitution, retired from
active practice many of the old-time lawyers. Colonel Kerr, how-
ever, left the practice for a place on the bench, and from there to
the legislature. But in his day, and before the code, and this, too,
in the days of Loof bourrow, Willard, Rush, Dickey, Robinson, and
others, he was the acknowledged leader of the bar."

One of his associates says of him : " Sometimes, as is usual with
attorneys, I have for the moment felt that he was harsh in his
rulings; yet, after matuYe reflection, and more careful incpiiry into
his motives and reasons for his decrees, I have always found, as I
do now, in looking back over his life, a golden cord of integrity
and honesty of purpose encircling all his official acts and decisions,
which, in my memory of him, will always be bright. I have rep-

ADDENDA. 1033

resented the cause of the rich and the poor hi liis court, and I have
always fouud that tlie poor and oppressed, who appealed to him for
redress of wrongs, or supposed grievances, suffered at the hands of
the more independent oppressors, found in him a tender and sym-
pathetic regard for their cause ; and if the scales of justice, as they
stood poised in his hands, were swerved one hair from the stern
rule of law and right, it was always on the side. of mercy."

Now he is gone — full of years and honors, and as a sheaf of
wheat fully ripe. As we viewed his narrow tenement house, all
covered with velvety hlack, and beheld the sheaf of wheat resting
upon the cotHn, to us it seemed the symbol of fullness and plenty
on earth ; and may it not be said to be typical of that fullness and
richness of life everlasting, which, we trust and believe, is to-day
the inheritance of Colonel vS. F. Kerr.

JOHN L. VANl)i;i\tAN.

John L. Vandeman, retired merchant, is a son of ^Mathias Van-
deman, who was a native of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, coming
to Ohio in 1801. He located on a farm on Deer Creek, in Iloss
County, where he remained a few years, and then he moved to a
site on the North Fork of Paint Creek, where he resided until the
year 1816, when he finally settled in this county, which became
his permanent home. He Avas an active participant in the war of
1812, He died at a very advanced age, at his farm, near Wash-
ington, October, 1870. His wife survived him ten years, and died
in her ninety-first year, in 1880, at the residence of our subject.

Mr. Vandeman was born September 30, 1810, in Ross County,
this state, and married Miss Rebecca P. Wilson, in March, 1839.
He passed the earlier years of his life on the farm and at school,
spending two years at the Ohio University, at Athens, subsequently
taught school.

[n 1834, he commenced clerking in a dry goods store in Wash-
ington, and after an experience of four years in the business in
1838 engaged in the dry goods business on his own account, in
Washington. He soon became one of the largest, as well as one
of the most successful merchants of the county. He continued in
the business for nearly forty years, during which time he became
the ownei- of a large amount of valua})le property. Mr. Vande-
man has done much in the way of building up the town of Wash-
69

1034 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

iiigtoii. The block of buildings erected- by him a few years since,
on Court and Main streets, still bearing his name, is an honor to
the builder as well as a great ornament to the town.

Mr. Yandeman has retired from business, and with his most ex-
cellent wife is living in their magnificent mansion, in the south-
western portion of the town. They have been for many years
connected with the Presbyterian Church, taking a very lively in-
terest in its welfare. In politics, he is a staunch Republican.

They are the parents of four children; one deceased and three
living. His son, John ISTewton, has been one of the active business
men of Washington for a number of years, being engaged in the
mercantile business with his father for many years ; but a few years
ago, he ceased said business and went into the practice of law. lie
is now a member of the bar, of Washington, doing a good business,
with bright prospects for the future. He buried his wife during
the spring of the present year. This to him was a great loss, for
she was not only the mother of several children, but was one of
the very best women of the town ; she had but few equals, and
probably no superiors as a wife and mother. The other son, George
r. Vandeman, is married and resides at the present time in Cali-
fornia, and is engaged in a general commission business. The
daughter, Maggie V. Ustick, is the wife of Theodore Ustick.
They reside in the same mansion, owned and occupied by her par-
ents. She is a woman of culture and force of character.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP.

JEFFERSONVILLE LODGE.

Jetfersonville Lodge, jSTo. 468, F. & A. M,, was organized, Janu-
ary 31, 1873, by Col. C. Garris, of Washington, C. H. Charter
members : Mills Gardner, P. F. Johnson, James Straley, L. A. El-
ster, E. II. Bendle, Horney Robinson, J. C. Morris, William Wood,
W. J. Horiiey, George Miller, Asberry Moon, J. W. Roebuck, W.
F. Roebuck, G. L. Bush, and Urban Hidy. The first ofiicers were
as follows: Mills Gardner, W. M.; P. F. Johnson, S. W. ; James
Straley, J. W.; P. J, Popejoy, secretary. From the organization
until 1875 Mills Gardner held the office of W. M., when he was

AKDKNDA. 1 Of}.')

suct'eedod hy L. A. Klster, who coiitimu'd until 1878, being followed
by J. W. lioebiu'k. who served in tliis oaiuicity until 1880.

l?rosent officers : L. A. Elster, W. M. : J. T. Lott, S. ^V.: J. 'W.
Horney, .1. W.; W. C. Kiekards, secretary; . I. !>. Fent, treasurer ;
J. W. "^ Roebuck, S. D.; d. W.. Ilowardj J, I).; J. V. MeXillip,
tyier; James Straley and ^X. J. llorney, stewards.

List of Master Masons belonging to this lodge: W. W. Allen,
Abel Armstrong, E. II. Bendle, G. L. Bush, O. V. Creamer, J. K.
Conner, James Dobbins, L. A. P]lster, J. 13. Fent, C. W. Gray, Ur-
ban Hidy, J. AV. llorney, W. J. llorney, John llieronimus, J. W.
Howard, J. W. Jones, J. T. Lott, George Miller, Asberry Moon, G.
R. Marshall, J. F. xMcKillip, J. W. Roebuck, ^V. F. Roebuck, Hor-
ney Robinson, W. C. Rickards, James Straley, J. L. Strale^', Wil-
liam Wood, David Creamer, Charles B. Coe, George A. Gaskill,and
J. X. Yates.

JASPER TOWNSHIP

B I 0 c; R A p n I C A L ,

Levi Rice is the son of .Tames and Elizabeth Rice, who were na-
tives of Virginia. Mr. Rice was in the war of 1812, and soon
after its close married and moved to Ohio and settled in Lick
Township, Jackson County, where he still lives. He is now eighty-
eight years old, having resided on the same farm since the close of
the war of 1812. He has been a consistent member of the jMetlio-
dist Episcopal Church nearly all these years. He is a hale, hearty,
happy old man. His tirst wife died without any children. The
fruits of the second marriage were ten children, seven sons and
three daughters. Five of the children are dead and five are liv-
ing. The. second wife is dead and the old gentleman is married to
his third wife, by whom he has three childreji.

Levi, our subject, is V)y,the second wife, and was born, December
9, 1826; married, October 19, 1848, Ann, daughter of James Shep-
ard. They have eight children, five daughters and three sons :
James Weslev, nuirried and lives in the neighborhood. Ann also

1086 irlSTORY OP PAYETTE COUNTY,

married and resides in the iiei^lihorliuod. Joseph R. is single, and
at home with his jiai'euts, as is also Ella Z. Virginia C. is married
and hves on tlie farm near her father. Samuel C. died in infanc3^
Melissa A. is single and at home with her parents. Mary M. is a
young lady, single, and at home with her parents. She is noted
for her intelligence and piety. She has written many artieles, es-
pecially on religious subjeets, which have attracted much attention.

Mr. Rice removed from Jackson County to Pickaway County in
1863, and remained there three years, when he removed to Ross
County, and settled on the waters of Paint Creek ; remained seven
years, and in 1873, he purchased a farm of one hundred and forty
acres in Fayette and Clinton counties, known as a part of the
Trimble land, situated on tlie line of the counties of Fayette and
Clinton, on the north side of the Wilmington and Washington
-pike, some three miles east of Sabina. He sooji removed to this
farm, where he now resides.

Mr. Rice is a quiet, sensible, well-to-do farmer ; has his fjirm paid
for, and is in prosperous circumstances. Mr. and Mrs. Rice, with
all their children, are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
In politics he is aRepublican, and is a staunch temperance man.

CONCORD TOWNSHIP.

100 R A PlI I C AL.

JAMES G. BEATTY.

James G. Beatty, farmer and stock raiser, is the son of Judge
James Beatty, who was a native of Virginia, being born in 1793
and came to the State of Ohio, as a hale, stout young man, in 1818.
lie located in the northwestern portion of Fayette County, built a
cabin, cleared a small portion of land, and remained about one
year, when he returned to his old home in Virginia. In the follow-
ing spring, he returned to his new home in Ohio, bringing his
father's family with him, and locating them in his cabin. He was
united in wedlock to Miss Margaret Gibson, the fruits of which
were three sons: Isaac N., Charles Milton, and James G. Some
two months after the birth of our subject, the wife and mother

ADDENDA. 1037

(lied. The father reiiuime<l, and live<l a h)iigau(l useful life, tilling
many positions of trust and honor in his county, acting as one of
the associate judges of the court for many years, and died hut a
few years since.

Although our suljject was deprived of his mother by death
when but two months old, he was kindly cared for by an affection-
ate step-mother, grew up to be a man, and married for his wife
Miss Avy Caroline, daughter of Isaac House. They at once com-
menced housekeeping in Paint Township.

In 1856, Mr. Beatty purchased the old Leonard Bush farm, on
the west bank of Sugar Creek, on the line of Concord and Jasper
townships, adjoining the village of Jasper Mills. He soon moved
to this farm, and has resided there ever since. This farm contains
some two hundred acres of land, and is regarded as one of the best
in the county, on account of its fertility of soil and its condition.

Mr. and JVIrs. Beatty have had but one child, a son, Talcott, who
is a very worthy young man, now married, and living in a fiiie new
house, which he has just erected on his father's farm, adjoining the
village of Jasper Mills.

Mr. and Mrs. Beatty have been members of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church for many years. But few men are more full}- identi-
fied with the interests of tlie church, than is Mr, Beatty. In poli-
tics he is a Republican, and a thorough temperance man. He is
one of the solid, correct, thorough men of the county.

MATTHEW W. MARKS.

The father of our subject was Peter Marks, who, with his wife,
were natives of Pennsylvania. They came to Ohio, and settled
near the town of Frankfort, in Ross County, about the year 1810,
or 1811. They were the parents of twelve children, six sous and
six daughters. The daughters are all dead. The sons are living-
They remained but a short time in Ross County, removing to Fay-
ette County, and locating on the west bank of Sugar Creek, about
one mile south of the village of Jasper jSlills, in Concord Township,
where our subject was born, August 30, 1821.

Mr. Marks was married to Miss Hannah Kirkpatrick, August 21,
1842. They at once commenced housekeeping on his father's farm,
and in process of time he purchased the home farm from his father,
where he has continuously lived since his birth. His father and

1038 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

mother lived with him on the old homestead for quite a number of
years. They both died within a few days of each otlier, in 1854.

Mr. and Mrs. Marks have children born unto them: John Wes-
ley, married, lives in New Holland, Pickaway County; Susan Eme-
line, wife of John Miller, lives in Ross County; Lewis P., married,
is a minister of the gospel, and a member of the Ohio Annual Con-
ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and stationed at Hang-
ing Rock, on the Ohio River; Elizabeth H., wife of Rev. Isaac
SoUars, a Methodist minister, stationed at Rossville, Muskingum
County, Ohio; Rachel F., wife of C. Slagle, resides in Ross County ;
Aden E., married, lives on his father's farm ; Effie J., wife of Rev.
Joseph Seabrook, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, now sta-
tioned at Massieville, Ross County; Annie L. and James D. are
still single, and remain at home with their parents; Marion
Fletcher, Mary Catharine, and Dora Estella, are dead.

Mr. and Mrs. Marks have been members of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church all of their married lives, taking a deep interest in
religious matters, and as a result, their children are all members of
the same church ; one sou in the ministry, and three daughters the
wives of ministers.

Mr. Marks owns a most excellent farm, where he resides, and
where he has spent his whole life, and is out of debt. He is a Re-
publican in politics, and is a staunch temperance man. This is one
of the most excellent families of Fayette County. But few parents
so fully appreciate the goodness of the Lord, as do Matthew Marks
and his most excellent wife.

COUNTY OFFICERS,

PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS.

• It appears that Col. S. F. Kerr was elected to this office in 1835,
and served until about 1841 or 1842.

It is said that Joseph Bloomer succeeded Aaron Johnson in
1828, and after serving two terms, retired two years, and was re-
elected, and served in all eight years.

ADDENDA. 1039

OFFICIAL LIST FOR 1881.

Representative — H. L. Iladley.
I'rosecuting Attorney — ¥. G. Carpenter,
Treasurer — I. X. Rowe.
Clerk of Court — E. W. Welsheinier.
l*robate Judge — T. N. Craig.
Recorder — J. R. Sutherland.
Commissioner — R. S. Eyre,
lulirmary Director — Thomas Larrimer.

ERRATA.

On page 224, line seven, for " this," read Greene.

On page 454, line seventeen, for " II. Ellis," read W. J. Horney,

On page 519, for " D. Furtwaugh," read J). Furtwangler.

On page 697, for " Mary S. Patten," read Mary S. l*arrett.

9707

HECKMAN

BINDERY INC.

MAY 97

ound-To-Pfca,? N.MANCHESTER,
INDIANA 46962