Group lV.No.157
Price 10 cents
ATHI/ETIC I/IBRARY
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HOW to
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LAWN;-
Tennis
^^^ American Sports Publishing Co^^
S^t^W. I,,.".,^^^^ 2lWarren Street, New York. ir"N,>..,trfini
Class
Book
Copyright}!^-
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT.
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Spalding's
Athletic Library
Anticipating the present ten-
dency of the American people
toward a healthful method of living-
and enjoyment, Spalding's Athletic
Library was established in 1892 for
the purp'ose of encouraging ath-
letics in every form, not only by
publishing the official rules and
records pertaining to the various
pastimes, but also by instructing,
until to-day Spalding's Athletic
Library is unique in its own par-
ticular field and has been conceded
the greatest educational series on
athletic and physical training sub-
jects that has ever been compiled.
The publication of a distinct
series of books devoted to athletic
sports and pastimes and designed
to occupy the premier place in
America in its class was an early
idea of Mr. A. G. Spalding, who
was one of the first in America
to publish a handbook devoted to
athletic sports, Spalding's Official
Base Ball Guide being the initial
number, which was followed at intervals with other handbooks on the
sports prominent in the '70s.
Spalding's Athletic Library has had the advice and counsel of Mr. A. G.
Spalding in all of its undertakings, and particularly in all books devoted
to the national game. This applies especially to Spalding's Official
Base Ball Guide and Spalding's Official Base Ball Record, both of which
receive the personal attention of Mr. A. G. Spalding, owing to his early
connection with the game as the leading pitcher of the champion Boston
and Chicago teams of 1872-76. His interest does not stop, however, with
matters pertaining to base ball; there is not a sport that Mr. Spalding
does not make it his business to become familiar with, and that the
Library will always maintain its premier place, with Mr. Spalding's able
counsel at hand, goes without saying.
The entire series since the issue of the first number has been under
the direct personal supervision of Mr. James E. Sullivan, President
of the American Sports Publishing Company, and the total series of
consecutive numbers reach an aggregate of considerably over three
hundred, included in which are many "annuals," that really constitute
the history of their particular sport in America year by year, back copies
of which are even now eagerly sought for, constituting as they do the
really first authentic records of events and official rules that have ever
been consecutively compiled.
When Spalding's Athletic Library was founded, seventeen years ago,
track and field athletics were practically unknown outside the larger
colleges and a few athletic clubs in the leading cities, which gave occa-
sional meets, when an entry list of 250 competitors was a subject of com-
ment; golf was known only by a comparatively few persons; lawn tennis
had some vogue and ba^e ball was practically the only established field
Spalding
EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY
sport, and that in a professional way; basket ball had just been invented;
athletics for the schoolboy — and schoolgirl— were almost unknown, and
an advocate of class contests in athletics in the schools could not get a
hearing. To-day we find the greatest body of athletes in the world is
the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, which has had
an entry list at its 'annual games of over two thousand, and in whose
"elementary series" in base ball last year 106 schools competed for the
trophy emblematic of the championship.
While Spalding's Athletic Library cannot claim that the rapid growth
of athletics in this country is due to it solely, the fact cannot be denied
that the books have had a great deal to do witl^ its encouragement, by
printing the official rules and instructions for plajs^ the various games
at a nominal price, within the reach of everyone, w^+h the sole object
that its series might be complete and the one place'-^.yhere a person
could look with absolute certainty for the particular boolik'"n which he
might be interested. ^'" u
In selecting the editors and writers for the various books, tikp. lead-
ing authority in his particular line has been obtained, with the'r^^ult
that no collection of books on athletic subjects can compare with
Spalding's Athletic Library for the prominence of the various authors
and their ability to present their subjects in a thorough and practical
manner.
A short sketch of a few of those who have edited some of the lead-
ing numbers of Spalding's Athletic Library is given herewith :
JAMES E. SULLIVAN
President American Sports Publishing Com-
pany; entered the publishing house of Frank
Leslie in 1878, and has been connected continu-
ously with the publishing business since then
and also as athletic editor of various New
York papers; was a competing athlete; one of
the organizers of the Amateur Athletic Union
of the United States; has been actively on its
board of governors since its organization until
the present time, and President for two suc-
cessive terms; has attended every champion-
ship meeting in America since 1879 and has officiated in some capacity in
connection with American amateur championships track and field games
for nearly twenty-five years; assistant American director Olympic Games,
Piris, 1900; director Pan-American Exposition athletic department, 1901;
chief department physical culture Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St.
Louis, 1904; secretary American Committee Olympic Games, at Athens,
1935; honorary director of Athletics at Jamestown Exposition, 1907; secre-
tary American Committee Olympic Games, at London, 1908; member of
the Pastime A. C, New York: honorary member Missouri A. C, St. Louis;
honorary member Olympic A. C, San Francisco; ex-president Pastime
A. C, New Jersey A. C, Knickerbocker A. C; president Metropolitan
Association of the A. A. U. for fifteen years; president Outdoor Recrea-
tion League; with Dr. Luther H. Gulick organized the Public Schools
Athletic League of New York, and is now chairman of its games commit-
tee and member executive committee; was a pioneer in playground work
and one of the organizers of the Outdoor Recreation League of New York ;
appointed by President Roosevelt as special commissioner to the Olympic
Games at Athens, 1906, and decorated by King George I. of the Hellenes
(Greece) for his services in connection with the Olympic Games; ap-
pointed special commissioner by President Roosevelt to the Olympic
Games at London, 1908; appointed by Mayor McClellan, 1908, as member
of the Board of Education of Greater New York.
EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY
WALTER CAMP
For quarter of a century Mr. Walter Camp
of Yale has occupied a leading position in col-
lege athletics. It is immaterial what organiza-
tion is suggested for college athletics, or for
the betterment of conditions, insofar as college
athletics is concerned, Mr. Camp has always
played an important part in its conferences,
and the great interest in and high plane of
college sport to-day. are undoubtedly due more
to Mr. Camp than to any other individual. Mr.
Camp has probably written more on college
athletics th^n any other writer and the leading papers and maga-
zines of xmerica are always anxious to secure his expert opinion on foot
ball, t' ack and field athletics, base ball and rowing. Mr. Camp has grown
up V ith Yale athletics and is a part of Yale's remarkable athletic system.
V'nile he has been designated as the "Father of Foot Ball," it is a well
Known fact that during his college career Mr. Camp was regarded as one
of the. best players that ever represented Yale on the base ball field, so
when we hear of Walter Camp as a foot ball expert we must also remem-
ber his remarkable knowledge of the game of base ball, of which he is a
great admirer. Mr. Camp has edited Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide
since it was first published, and also the Spalding Athletic Library book
on How to Play Foot Ball. There is certainly no man in American college
life better qualified to write for Spalding's Athletic Library than Mr.
Camp.
DR. LUTHER HALSEY GULICK
The leading exponent of physical training
in America; one who has worked hard to im-
press the value of physical training in the
schools; when physical training was combined
with education at the St. Louis Exposition in
1904 Dr. Gulick played an important part in
that congress; he received several awards for
his good work and had many honors conferred
upon him; he is the author of a great many
books on the subject; it was Dr. Gulick, who,
acting on the suggestion of James E. Sullivan,
organized the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, and
was its first Secretary; Dr. Gulick was also for several years Director of
Physical Training in the public schools of Greater New York, resigning
the position to assume the Presidency of the Playground Association of
America. Dr. Gulick is an authority on all subjects pertaining to phys-
ical training and the study of the child.
JOHN B. FOSTER
Successor to the late Henry Chadwick
("Father of Base Ball") as editor of Spald-
ing's Official Base Ball Guide; sporting editor
of the New York Evening Telegram; has
been in the newspaper business for many
years and is recognized throughout America
as a leading writer on the national game; a
staunch supporter of organized base ball,
his pen has always been used for the better-
ment of the game.
EDITORS OF SPALDING' S ATHLETIC LIBRARY
TIM MURNANE
Base Ball editor of the Boston Globe and
President of the New England Leagrue of
Base Ball Clubs; one of the best known base
ball men of the country; known from coast
to coast; is a keen follower of the game and
prominent in all its councils; nearly half a
century ago was one of America's foremost
players: knows the game thoroughly and
writes from the point of view both of player
and an official.
HARRY PHILIP BURCHELL
Sporting editor of the New York Times;
graduate of the University of Pennsylvania;
editor of Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis
Annual; is an authority on the game; follows
the movements of the players minutely and
understands not only tennis but all other sub-
jects that can be classed as athletics; no one
is better qualified to edit this book than Mr.
Burchell.
GEORGE T. HEPBRON
Former Young Men's Christian Association
director; for many years an official of the
Athletic League of Young Men's Christian
Associations of North America ; was con-
nected with Dr. Luther H. Gulick in Young
Men's Christian Association work for over
twelve years; became identified with basket
ball when it was in its infancy and has fol-
lowed it since, being recognized as the lead-
ing exponent of the official rules; succeeded
Dr. Gulick as editor of the Official Basket Ball
Guide and also editor of the Spalding Athletic Library book on How to
Play Basket Ball.
JAMES S. MITCHEL
Former champion weight thrower; holder
of numerous records, and is the winner of
more championships than any other individual
in the history of sport ; Mr. Mitchel is a close
student of athletics and well qualified to write
upon any topic connected with athletic sport ;
has been for years on the staff of the New
York Sun.
EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY
MICHAEL C. MURPHV
The world's most famous athletic trainer;
the champion athletes that he has developed
for track and field sports, foot ball and base ball
fields, would run into thousands; he became
famous when at Yale University and has
been particularly successful in developing
what might be termed championship teams;
his rare good judgment has placed him in an
enviable position in the athletic world; now
with the University of Pennsylvania ; dur-
ing his career has trained only at two col-
leges and one athletic club, Yale and the
Uni-rersity of Pennsylvania and Detroit Athletic Club; his most recent
triumph was that of training the famous American team of athletes
that swept the field at the Olympic Games of 1908 at London.
DR. C. WARD CRAMPTON
Succeeded Dr. Gulick as director of physical
training in the schools of Greater New York:
as secretary of the Public Schools Athletic
League is at the head of the most remarkable
organization of its kind in the world; is a
practical athlete and gymnast himself, and
has been for years connected with the physi-
cal training system in the schools of Greater
New York, having had charge of the High
School of Commerce.
DR. GEORGE J. FISHER
Has been connected with Y. M. C. A. work
for many years as physical director at Cincin-
nati and Brooklyn, where he made such a high
reputation as organizer that he was chosen to
succeed Dr. Luther H. Gulick as Secretary of
the Athletic League of Y. M. C. A.'s of North
America, when the latter resigned to take
charge of the physical training in the Public
Schools of Greater New York.
DR. GEORGE ORTON
On athletics, college athletics, particularly
track and field, foot ball, soccer foot ball and
trammg of the youth, it would be hard to find
one better qualified than Dr. Orton; has had
the necessary athletic experience and the
ability to impart that experience intelligently
to the youth of the land; for years was the
American, British and Canadian champion
runner.
EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY
FREDERICK R. TOOMBS
A well known authority on skating, rowing,
boxing, racquets, and other athletic sports;
was sporting editor of American Press Asso-
ciation, New York; dramatic editor; is a law-
yer and has served several terms as a member
of Assembly of the Legislature of the State of
New York; has written several novels and
historical works.
R. L. WELCH
A resident of Chicago; the popularity of
indoor base ball is chiefly due to his efforts;
a player himself of no mean ability; a first-
class organizer; he has followed the game of
indoor base ball from its inception.
DR. HENJ^Y vS. ANDERSON
Has been connected with Yale University
for years and is a recognized authority on
gymnastics; is admitted to be one of the lead-
ing authorities in America on gymnastic sub-
jects; is the author of many books on physical
training.
CHARLES M. DANIELS
Just the man to write an authoritative
book on swimming; the fastest swimmer the
world has ever known; member New York
Athletic Club swimming team and an Olym-
pic champion at Athens in 1906 and London,
1908. In his book on Swimming, Champion
Daniels describes just the methods one must
use to become an expert swimmer.
GUSTAVE BOJUS
Mr. Bojus is most thoroughly qualified to
write intelligently on all subjects pertaining
to gymnastics and athletics; in his day one
of America's most famous amateur athletes;
has competed successfully in gymnastics and
many other sports for the New York Turn
Verein; for twenty years he has been prom-
inent in teaching gymnastics and athletics;
was responsible for the famous gymnastic
championship teams of Columbia University;
now with the Jersey City high schools.
EDITORS OF SPALDING^S_ATHLETrC LIBRARY
CHARLES JACOBUS
nn^'^^'^A'''* ^ ^^ *^® "Father of Roque;"
one of America's most expert players win-
TnTgol'" an^r^H^" Championship^'atVt'Loi^s
in iyu4 an ardent supporter of the game
and follows it minutely, and much of tTe
success of roque is due to his untiring efforts-
certainly there is, no one better qSflified to
write on this subject than Mr. Jacobus
DR. E. B. WAR MAN
Well known as a physical training exnert-
was probably one of the first to entefthe f eld
?eft-'V.^f author of many books on thlLi-
he'coun S" ""^"^'-^^^ ^--"^ y--r all over
W. J. CROMIE
Now with the University of Pennsylvania-
was formerly a Y. M. C. A. physical d^rlcto?'
autW n?"^^"* ^£ ^^} gymnastic matters; the
rphysicll"J?aTniSS:'^ ^" ^^^^'^^^^ ^-^-"^
G. M. MARTIN
By profession a physical director of the
Jtudent of^" fl ^^."^tian Association; a close
student of all things gymnastic, and games
for the classes m the gymnasium or clubs^
PROF. SENAC
A leader in the fencing world ; has main-
tained a fencing school in New York for
years and developed a great many cham-
pions; understands the science of fencing
thoroughly and the benefits to be ('erived
therefrom.
SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY
CL
Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now
;j in print, grouped lor ready reference ^ —
SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS
1 Spalding's Official
lA Spalding's Official
IC Spalding's Official
2 Spalding's Official
2A Spalding's Official
3 Spalding's Official
4 Spalding's Official
5 Spalding's Official
6 Spalding's Official
7 Spalding
7A Spalding
Base Ball Guide
Base Ball Record
Collegiate Base Ball Annual
Foot Ball Guide
Soccer Foot Ball Guide
Cricket Guide
Lawn Tennis Annual
Golf Guide
Ice Hockey Guide
Official Basket Ball Guide
Official Women's Basket Ball Guide
8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide
9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide
10 Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide
12 Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac
I2A Spalding's Official Athletic Rules
Group I. Base Bail
No.l Spalding' s Official Base Ball Guide
No. lA Official Base Ball Record.
Collegiate Base Ball Annual.
How to Play Base Ball.
How to Bat.
How to Run Bases.
How to Pitch.
How to Catch.
How to Play First Base.
How to Play Second Base.
How to Play Third Base.
How to Play Shortstop.
How to Play the Outfield.
How to Organize a Base Ball
League. [Club.
How to Organize a Base Ball
How to Manage a Base Ball
Club.
How toTrain aBaseBallTeam
How to Captain a Base Ball
How to Umpire a Game. [Team
Technical Base Ball Terms.
Ready Reckoner of Base Ball
Percentages.
How to Score.
BASE BALL AUXILIARIES
No. 348 Minor League Base Ball Guide
No. 352 Official Book National League
of Prof. Base Ball Clubs.
No. 340 Official Handbook National
Playground Ball Assn.
Group II. Foot Bail
No.2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Giiide
No. 344 ADigest of the Foot Ball Rules
How to Play Foot Ball.
Spalding's Official Soccer Foot
Ball Guide.
How to Play Soccer.
How to Play Rugby.
No. IC
No. 202
No. 223
No. 232
No. 230
No. 229
No. 225
No. 226
No. 227
No. 228
No. 224
r
No.
231
No. 219
No. 350
No. 324
No. 2a
No. 286
No. 335
FOOT BALL AUXILIARY
No. 343 Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide.
No. 332 Spalding's Official Canadian
Group III. ^°°'^^"^"^^^ crlcKct
No. 3 Spalding's Official Cricket Guide.
No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It.
Group IV. Lawn Tennis
No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Ian-
nis Annual.
No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis.
No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn
Group V. ^^"""^^ Golf
No. 5 Spalding's Official Golf Guide
No. 276 How to Play Golf .
Group VI. Hockey
No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey
Guide.
No. 304 How to Play Ice Hockey.
No. 154 Field Hockey.
(Lawn Hockey.
No. 188 < Parlor Hockey.
(Garden Hockey.
No. 180 Ring Hockey.
HOCKEY AUXILIARY
No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario
Hockey Association.
Group VII. Basket Ball
No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket
JSall Guide.
No. 7a Spalding's Official Women's
Basket Ball Guide.
No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball.
BASKET BALL AUXILIARY
No. 323 Official Collegiate Basket Ball
Handbook.
ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS
SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY
(roup VIII. Lacrosse
No, 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse
Guide.
No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse.
Group IX.
Indoor Base Ball
Group X.
No. 9 Spalding^s Official Indoor Base
Ball Guide.
Polo
No. 10 Spaldinc's Official Roller Polo
Guide,
No. 129 Water Polo.
No. 199 Equestrian Polo.
Group XI. Miscellaneous Games
No. 248 Archery.
No. 138 Croquet.
No. 271 Roque.
( Racquets.
No. 194 < Squash- Racquets.
( Court Tennis.
No. 13 Hand Ball.
No. 167 Quoits.
No. 170 Push Ball.
No. 14 Curling.
No. 207 Lawn Bowls.
No. 188 Lawn Games.
No. 189 Children's Games.
No. 341 How to Bowl.
Group XII.
Athlellcs
No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic
Almanac.
No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic
Rules.
No. 27 College Athletics.
No. 182 All Around Athletics.
No. 156 Athletes' Guide.
No. 87 Athletic Primer.
No. 273 Olympic GamesatAthens,1906
No. 252 How to Sprint.
No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards.
No. 174 Distance and Cross Country
Running. [Thrower.
No. 259 How to Become a Weight
No. 55 Official Sporting Rules.
No. 246 Athletic Training for School-
No. 317 Marathon Running. [boys.
No. 331 Schoolyard Athletics,
No. 342 Walking for Health and Com-
petition.
ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES
No. 349 Intercollegiate Official Hand-
book.
No. 302 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook.
No.313 Public Schools Athletic
League Official Handbook.
No. 314 Girls' Athletics.
No. 308 Official Handbook New York
Interscholastic Athletic
Association.
Group XIII.
AHiietic
Accompiishmenis
No. 177 How to Swim.
No. 296 Speed Swimming.
No. 128 How to Row.
No. 209 How to Become a Skater.
No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling.
No. 23 Canoeing.
No. 282 Roller Skating Guide.
Group XIV. Manly Sports
No. 18 Fencing. ( By Breck.)
No. 162 Boxing.
No. 165 Fencing. ( By Senac.)
No, 140 Wrestling,
No. 236 How to Wrestle.
No. 102 Ground Tumbling.
No. 233 Jiu Jitsu.
No. 166 How to Swing Indian Clubs,
No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises.
No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells.
No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises.
No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises.
No. 191 How to Punch the Bag.
No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs.
No. 326 Professional Wrestling.
Group XV. Gymnoslics
No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer-
cises. [Dumb Bell Drills.
No. 214 Graded Call sthenics and
No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. [Games
No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic
No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast.
No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March-
ing Drills, [Apparatus.
No. 327 Pyramid Building Without
No. 328 Exercises on the Parallel Bars,
No. 329 Pyramid Building with
Wands, Chairs and Ladders
GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY
No. 345 Official Handbook I. C. A. A,
Gymnasts of America.
Group XVI. Physical culture
No. 161 Ten Minutes' Exercise for
Busy Men. [giene.
No. 208 Physical Education and Hy-
No. 149 Scientific Physical Training
and Care of the Body.
No. 142 Physical Training Simplified,
No. 185 Hints on Health.
No. 213 285 Health Answers,
No. 238 Muscle Building. [ning.
No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run-
No. 261 Tensing Exercises, [nasties.
No. 285 Health by Muscular Gym-
No. 288 Indigestion Treated by Gym-
No. 290 Get Well: Keep Well, [nasties.
No. 325 Twenty-Minute Exercises.
No. 330 Physical Training for the
School and Class Room.
No. 346 How to Live 100 Years.
ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS
SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY
Group I. Base Ball
\o. 1—Spaldins's Official
Base Ball Guide.
The leading Base Ball
annual of the country, and
the official authority of
the grame. Contains the
official playing rules, with
an explanatory index of the
rules compiled by Mr. A. G.
Spalding; pictures of all
the teams in the National,
American and minor leagues ; re-
views of the season; college Base Ball,
and a great deal of interesting in-
formation. Price 10 cents.
No. lA — Spaldinsr's Official
Base Ball Record.
Something new in Base Ball. Con-
tains records of all kinds from the be-
ginning of the National League and
official averages of all professional or-
ganizations for past season. Illustrated
with pictures of leading teams and
players. Price 10 cents.
No. IC— Spalding's Official
Collegriate Base Ball An-
nual.
Contains matters of interest exclu-
sively for the college player ; pictures
and records of all the leading colleges.
Price 10 cents.
No. 202— How to Play Base
Ball.
Edited by Tim Murnane. New and
revised edition. Illustrated with pic-
tures showing how all the various
curves and drops are thrown and por-
traits of leading players. Price 10 cents.
No. 223— HOTV to Bat.
There is no better way of becoming
a proficient batter than by reading this
book and practising the directions.
Numerous illustrations. Price 10 cents.
No^ 232— How to Run tlie
Bases.
This book gives clear and concise
directions for excelling as a base run-
ner; tells when to run and when not to
do so; how and when to slide; team
work on the bases; in fact, every point
Ef the game is thoroughly explained.
Uustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 230— How to Pitcb.
A new, up-to-date book. Its contents
are the practical teaching of men who
have reached the top as pitchers, and
who Tcnow how to impart a knowledge
of their art. All the big leagues'
nitchers are shown. Price 10 cents.
i\o. 229— How to Catch.
Every boy who has hopes of being a
clever catcher should read how well-
known players cover their position.
Pictures of all the noted catchers in
the big leagues. Price l'^ cents.
No. 225— How to Play First
Base.
Illustrated with pictures of all the
prominent first basemen. Price 10 cents.
No. 226— How to Play Second
Base.
The ideas of the best second basemen
have been incorporated in this book for
the especial benefit of boys who want
to know the fine points of play at this
point of the diamond. Price 10 cents.
No. 227— How to Play Third
Base.
Third base is, in some respects, the
most important of the infield. All the
points explained. Price 10 cents.
No. 228— How to Play Short-
stop.
Shortstop is one of the hardest posi-
tions on the infield to fill, and quick
thought and quick action are necessary
for a player who expects to make good
as a shortstop. lUus. Price 10 cents.
No. 224— How to Play th«
Outfield.
An invaluable guide for the out-
fielder. Price 10 cents.
No. 231— How to Coach; How
to Captain a Team; Hott
to Manag^e a Team; Hofv
to Umpire; Hovf to Or-
ganize a Leag-ue; Tech-
nical Terms of Base Ball.
A useful guide. Price 10 cents.
No 219— Ready Reckoner of
Base Ball Percentages.
To supply a demand for a book which
would show the percentage of clubs
without recourse to thearduous work of
figuring, the publishers had these tables
compiled by an expert. Price 10 cents.
BASE BALL. AUXILIARIES.
No. 348— Minor League Base
Ball Guide.
The minors' own girfde. Edited by
president T. H. Murnane, .erf the New
England League. Price 10 cents.
SPALDING ATHLETIC OBRARY
No. 3»8— Official Handbook
of the National Lieagrae
of Professional Base Ball
Clubs.
Contains the Constitution, By-Laws,
Official Rules, Averages, and schedule
of the National League for the current
year, together with list of club officers
and reports of the annual meetings of
the League. Price 10 cents.
No. 340— Official Handbook
National Playground Ball
Association.
This game is specially adapted for
playgrounds, parks, etc., is spreading
rapidly. The book contains a descrip-
tion of the game, rules and list of
officers. Price 10 cents.
Group II. Foot Ball
No. 2— Spalding's Official
Foot Ball Guide.
Edited by Walter Camp.
I Contains the new rules,
with diagram of field; All-
America teams as selected
by the leading authorities:
reviews of the game from
various sections of the
country; scores; pictures.
I Price 10 cents.
No. 344— A Digest of the Foot
Ball Rules.
This book is meant for the use of
officials, to help them to refresh their
memories before a game and to afford
them a quick means of ascertaining a
point during a game. It also gives a
ready means of finding a rule in the
Official Rule Book, and is of great help
to a player in studying the Rules.
Compiled by C.W. Short, Harvard. 1908.
Price 10 cents ^
So, 324— How to Play Foot
Ball.
Edited by Walter Camp, of Yale.
Everything that a beginner wants to
know and many points that an expert
will be glad to learn. Snapshots of
leading teams and players in action,
with comments by Waltev Camp.
Priee 10 cents.
No. 2A— Spalding's Official
Association Soccer Foot
Ball Guide.
A complete and up-to-
date guide to the "Soccer"
game in the United States,
containing instructions for
playing the game, official
rules, and interesting
news from all parts of the
country. Illustrated. Price
10 cents.
286— How to Flay-
No.
Soc-
How each position should be played,
written by the best player in England
in his respective position, and illus-
trated with full-page photographs of
players in action. Price 10 cents.
No. 335— How to Play Rugby.
Compiled in England by " Old Inter-
national." Contains directions for
playing the various positions, with dia-
grams and illustrations. Price 10 cents.
FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES.
No. 332— Spalding's Official
Canadian Foot Ball
Guide.
The official book of th« erame in Can-
ada. Price 10 cents.
No. 343— Official Rugby Foot
Ball Guide.
The official handbook of the Rugby
game, containing the official playing
rules, referee's decisions, articles on
the game in the United States and pic-
tures of leading teams. Price 10 cents.
Group III. Cricket
3— Spalding'M Official
icket Guide.
The most complete year
book of the game that has
ever been published in
America. Reports of
special matches, official
rules and pictures of all
the leading teams. Price
10 cents.
No. 277— Cricket; and How
to Play It.
By Prince Ranjitsinhji. The game
described concisely and illustrated with
full-page pictures posed especially fo»
this book. Pric* 10 cents.
No.
SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY
Group IV.
Lawn
Tennis
No. 4— Spalding's Official
IiaTvn Tennis Annual.
Contents include reports
of all important tourna-
ments; official ranking
from 1885 to date; laws of
lawn tennis; instructions
for handicapping; deci-
sions on doubtful points;
management of tourna-
ments; directory of clubs;
laying out and keeping a court. Illus-
trated. Price 10 cents
No. 157— How to Play Lawn
Tennis.
A complete description of lawn ten-
nis; a lesson for beginners and direc-
tions telling how to make the most im-
portant strokes. Illustrated. Price
10 cents.
No. 279— Strokes and Science
of La-wn Tennis.
By P. A. Vaile, a leading authority
on the game in Great Britain. Every
stroke in the game is accurately illus-
trated and analyzed by the author.
Price 10 cents.
Group VI. Hockey
Golf
Official
Group V.
No. 5— Spalding's
Golf Guide.
Contains records of all
Important tournaments,
articles on the game in
various sections of the
country, pictures of prom-
inent players, official play-
ing rules and general
items of interest. Price
10 cents.
No. 276— How to Play Golf.
By James Braid and Harry Vardon
the world's two greatest players tell
how they play the game, with numer-
ous full-page pictures of them taken
on th« links. Prica 10 csnts.
No. 6— Spalding's Official Ic«
Hockey Guide.
The official year book of
the game. Contains the
official rules, pictures of
leading teams and players,
records, review of the
season, reports from dif"
ferent sections of the
United-States and Canada.
Price 10 cents.
No. 304— How to Play Ice
Hockey.
Contains a description of the duties
of each player. Illustrated. Price 10
cents.
No. 154— Field Hockey.
Prominent in the sports at Vassar.
Smith, Wellesley, Bryn Mawr and other
leading colleges. Price 10 cents.
No. 188 — Law^n Hockey,
Parlor Hockey, Garden
Hockey.
Containing the rules for each game.
Illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 180— Ring Hockey.
A new game for the gymnasium.
Exciting as basket ball. Price 10 cents.
HOCKEY AUXILIARY.
No. 256— Official Handbook
of the Ontario Hockey
Association.
Contains the official rules of the
Association, constitution, rules of com-
petition, list of officers, and pictures of
leading players. Price 10 cents.
Group Vn.
Basket
BaU
No. 7— Spalding's Official
Basket Ball Guide.
Edited by George T.
Hepbron. Contains the
revised official rules, de-
cisions on disputed points,
records of prominent
teams, reports on the game
from various parts of the
eountry. Illustrated. Price
10 cents.
SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY
Jio. 7A— Spaldingr's Official
Women's Basket Ball
Guide.
Edited by Miss Senda Berenson, of
Smith College. Contains the official
playing rules and special articles on
the game by prominent authorities.
Illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 193— How to Play Basket
Ball.
By G. N. Messer. The best book of
instruction on the game yet published
Illustrated with numerous pictures
and diagrams of plays. Price 10 cents,
BASKKT BALL AUXILIARY.
No. 323— Collegiate Basket
Ball Handl^ook.
The official publication of the Colle-
giate Basket Ball Association. Con-
tains the official rules, records, All-
America selections, reviews, and pic-
tures. Edited by H. A. Fisher, of
Columbia. Price 10 cents.
Group VIIL Lacrosse
No. 8— Spaldingr's Official La-
crosse Guide.
Contains the constitution, by-laws,
playing rules, list of officers and records
of the U. S. Inter-Collegiate Lacrosse
League. Price 10 cents.
No. 201— How to Play La-
crosse.
Every position is thoroughly ex-
plained in a most simple and concise
manner, rendering it the best manual
of the game ever published. Illus-
trated with numerous snapshots of im-
portant plays. Price 10 cents.
Group IX.
Indoor
Base Ball
No. 9— Spaldingr's Official In-
door Base Ball Guide.
America's national game I
is now vieing with other
indoor games as a winter
pastime. This book con-
tains the playing rules,
pictures of leading teams,
and interesting articles on
the game by leading au-l
thorities on the aubjecl.
Priee 10 centa-
Polo
Group X.
No. 10— Spaldingr's
Official Roller
Polo Guide.
Edited by A. W. Keane.
A full description of the
game; official rules, re-
cords; pictures of promi-
nent players. Price 10 cents
No. 129— Water Polo.
The contents of this book treat of
every detail, the individual work of the
players, the practice of the team, how
to throw the ball, with illustrations and
many valuable hints. Price 10 cents.
No. 199— Equestrian Polo.
Compiled by H. L. Fitzpatrick of the
New York Sun. Illustrated with por-
traits of leading players, and contains
most useful information for polo play-
ers. Price 10 cents.
_ ^^ Miscellane-
GroupXI. ous Games
No. 271— Spaldingr's Official
Roq.ue Guide.
The official publication of the Na-
tional Roque Association of America.
Contains a description of the courts
and their construction, diagrams, illus-
trations, rules and valuable informa-
tion. Price 10 cents.
No. 138— Spalding's Official
Croquet Guide
Contains directions for playing, dia-
grams of important strokes, description
of grounds, instructions for the begin-
ner, terms used in the game, and the
official playing rules. Price 10 cents.
No. 341— How to Bowl.
The contents include : diagrams of
effective deliveries; hints to begin-
ners ; how to score ; official rules ;
spares, how they are made ; rules for
cocked hat, quintet, cocked hat and
feather, battle same, etc. Price
iOoenta*
SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY
No. 248— Arcliery.
A new and up-to-date book on this
fascinating pastime. The several
varieties of archery; instructions for
shooting; how to select implements;
how to score; and a great deal of inter-
esting information. Illustrated. Price
10 cents.
No. 194— Racquets, Sqnash-
Racquets and Court Ten-
nis.
How to play each game is thoroughly
explained, and all the difficult strokes
shown by special photographs taken
especially for this book. Contains the
official rules for each game. Price 10
cents.
No. 167— Q,uoits.
Contains a description of the plays
used by experts and the official rules.
Illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 170— Push Ball.
This book contains the official rules
and a sketch of the game; illustrated.
Price 10 cents.
No. 13— How to Play Hand
Ball.
By the world's champion, Michael
Egan. Every play is thoroughly ex-
plained by text and diagram. Illus-
trated. Price 10 cents.
No. 14— Curlingr.
A short history of this famous Scot-
tish pastime, with instructions for
play, rules of the game, definitions of
terms and diagrams of different shots.
Price 10 cents.
No. 207— Bo^vling on the
Green; or. Lawn BottIs.
How to construct a green; how to
play the game, and the official rules
of the Scottish Bowling Association.
Illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 189— Children's Games.
These games are intended for use at
recesses, and all but the team games
have been adapted to large classes.
Suitable for children from three to
eight years, and include a great variety.
Price 10 cents.
No. 188 — La-wn Games.
Lawn Hockey, Garden Hockey, Hand
Tennis, Tether Tennis; also Volley
Ball, Parlor Hockey, Badminton, Bas-
ket Goal, Price 10 cents.
Group XII. Athletics
No. 12— Spaldingr's Official
Athletic Almanac.
Compiled by J. E. Sulli-
van, President of the Ama-
teur Athletic Union. The
only annual publication
now issued that contains
a complete list of amateur
best-on-records; intercol-
legiate, swimming, inter-
scholastic, English, Irish, Scotch,
Swedish, Continental, South African,
Australasian; numerous photos of in-
dividual athletes and leading athletic
teams. Price 10 cents.
No. 12A— Spalding's Official
Athletic Rules.
The A. A. U. is the governing body
of athletes in the United States of
America, and all games must be held
under its rules, which are exclusively
published in this handbook, and a copy
should be in the hands of every athlete
and every club officer in America.
Price 10 cents.
No. 27— College Athletics.
M. C. Murphy, the well-known ath-
letic trainer, now with Pennsylvania,
the author of this book, has written it
especially for the schoolboy and college
man, but it is invaluable for the athlete
who wishes to excel in any branch of
athletic sport; profusely illustrated.
Price 10 cents.
No. 182— Ail-Around Ath-
letics.
Gives in full the method of scoring
the Ail-Around Championship; how to
train for the AU-Around Champion-
ship. Illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 15«— Athlete's Guide.
Full instructions for the beginner,
telling how to sprint, hurdle, jump and
throw weights, general hints on train-
ing; valuable advice to beginners and
important A, A. U, rules and their ex-
planations, while the pictures comprise
many scenes of champions in action.
Price 10 cents.
SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY
No. 273— The Olympic Games
at Athens.
A complete account of the Olympic
Games of 1906, at Athens, the greatest
International Athletic Contest ever
held. Compiled by J. E. Sullivan,
Special United States Commissioner to
the Olympic Games. Price 10 cents.
No. .S7— Athletic Primer.
Edited by J. E. Sullivan, Secretary-
Treasurer of the Amateur Athletic
Union. Tells how to organize an ath-
letic club, how to conduct an athletic
meeting, and gives rules for the gov-
ernment of athletic meetings; contents
also include directions for laying out
athletic grounds, and a very instructive
article on training. Price 10 cents.
No. 255— How to Run lOO
Yards.
By J. W. Morton, the noted British
champion. Many of Mr. Morton's
methods of training are novel to
American athletes, but his success is
the best tribute to their worth. Illus-
trated. Price 10 cents.
No. 174 — Distance and Cross-
country Running-.
By George Orton, the famous Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania runner. The
quarter, half, mile, the longer dis-
tances, and cross-country running and
steeplechasing, with instructions for
training; pictures of leading athletes
in action, with comments by the editors
Price 10 cents.
No. 259— Weight Throwing.
Probably no other man in the world
has had the varied and long experience
of James S. Mitchel, the author, in the
weight throwing department of ath-
letics. The book gives valuable infor-
mation not only for the novice, but for
the expert as well. Price 10 cents.
No. 246— Athletic Training:
for Schoolboys.
By Geo. W. Orton. Each event in the
intercollegiate programme is treated
of separately. Price 10 cents.
No. 55— Official Sporting
Rules.
Contains rules not found in other
publications for the government of
many sports; rules for wrestling,
shuffleboard, snowshoeing. profes-
sional racing, pigeon shooting, dog
racing, pistol and revolver shooting,
British water polo rules, Rugby foot
ball rules. Price 10 cents.
No. 252— How to Sprint.
Every athlete who aspires to be a
sprinter can study this book to advan-
tage. Price 10 cents.
No. 331— Schoolyard Ath-
letics.
By J. E.Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer
Amateur Athletic Union and member
of Board of Education of Greater New
York. An invaluable handbook for
the teacher and the pupil. Gives a
systematic plan for conducting school
athletic contests and instructs how to
prepare for the various events. Illus-
trated. Price 10 cents.
No. 317 — Marathon Running.
A new and up-to-date book on this
popular pastime. Contains pictures
of the -leading Marathon runners,
methods of training, and best times
made in various Marathon events.
Price 10 cents.
No. 342— W alkinsr; for
Health and Competition.
Contains a great deal of useful and
interesting information for the pedes-
trian, giving the best methods of walk-
ing for recreation or competition, by
leading authorities. A history of the
famous Fresh Air Club of New York is
also included, with specimen tours,
rules for competitive walking, records
and numerous illustrations. Price 10
cents.
ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES.
No. 349— Official Intercolle-
giate A.A.A.A. Handbook.
Contains constitution, by-laws, and
laws of athletics; records from 1876 to
date. Price 10 cents.
No. 30S— Official Handbook
Nctv York Interschol-
astic Athletic Associa-
tion.
Contains the Association's records,
constitution and by-laws and other
information. Price 10 cents.
No. 302— Official Y.M.C.A.
Handbook.
Contains the official rules governing
all sports under the jurisdiction of the
Y. M. C. A., official Y. M. C. A. scoring
tables, pentathlon rules, pictures of
leading Y. M. C. A, athletes. Price
10 cents.
SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY
No. 313— Official Handbook
of the Public Schools
Athletic L-easue.
Contains complete list of records,
constitution and general review of the
season in the Public Schools Athletic
League of Greater New York. Illus-
trated. Price 10 cents,
No. 314— "Girls' Athletics."
Official Handbook of the
Girls' Branch of the
Public Schools Athletic
League.
The official publication. Contains':
constitution and by-laws, list of offi-
cers, donors, founders, life and annual
members, reports and illustrations,
schoolroom games. Edited by Miss
Jessie H. Bancroft. Price 10 cents.
Group XIII. Athletic
Accomplishments
No. 177— How to Swim..
Will interest the expert as well as
the novice; the illustrations were made
from photographs especially posed,
showing the swimmer in clear water;
a valuable feature is the series of
"land drill " exercises for the beginner.
Price 10 cents.
No. aue— Speed Swimming.
By Champion C. M. Daniels of the
New York Athletic Club team, holder
of numerous American records, and the
best swimmer in America qualified to
write on the subject. Any boy should
be able to increase his speed in the
water after reading Champion Daniels'
instructions on the subject. Price 10
cents.
No. 128— How to Row.
By E. J. Giannini, of the New York
Athletic Club, one of America's most
famous amateur oarsmen and cham-
pions. Shows how to hold the oars,
the finish of the stroke and other valu-
able information. Price 10 cents.
No. 23— Canoeing;.
Paddling, sailing, cruising and rac-
ing canoes and their uses; with hints
on rig and management; the choice of
a canoe; sailing canoes, racing regula-
tions; canoeing and camping. Fully
illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 209— How to Become a
Skater.
Contains advice for beginners; how
to become a figure skater, showing how
to do all the different tricks of the best
figure skaters. Pictures of prominent
skaters and numerous diagrams. Price
10 cents.
No. 282— Official Roller Skat-
ing Guide.
Directions for becoming a fancy and
trick roller skater, and rules for roller
skating. Pictures of prominent trick
skaters in action. Price 10 cents.
No. 178- How to Train for
Bicycling.
Gives methods of the best riders
when training for long or short distance
races; hints on training. Revised and
up-to-date in every particular. Price
10 cents.
Group XIV. Sports
No. 140— Wrestling.
Catch-as-catch-can style. Seventy
illustrations of the different holds, pho-
tographed especially and so described
that anybody can with little effort learn
every one. Price 10 cents.
No. IS — Fencing.
By Dr. Edward Breck, of Boston,
editor of The Swordsman, a promi-
nent amateur fencer. A book that has
stood the test of time, and is universally
acknowledged to be a standard* work.
Illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 162— Boxing: Guide.
Contains over 70 pages of illustrations
showing all the latest blows, posed
especially for this book under the super-
vision of a well-known instructor of
boxing, who makes a specialty of teach-
ing and knows how to impart his
knowledge. Price 10 cents.
No. 165— The Art of Fencing
By Regis and Louis Senac, of New
York, famous instructors and leading
authorities on the subject. Gives in
detail how every move should be made.
Price 10 cents.
SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY
No. 336— How to Wrestle.
The most complete and up-to-date
book on wrestling ever published.
Edited by F. R. Toombs, and devoted
principally to special poses and illustra-
tions by George Hackenschmidt, the
" Russian Lion." Price 10 cents.
No. 102— Ground Tumbling-.
Any boy. by reading this book and
following the instructions, can become
proficient. Price 10 cents.
No. 2SJ>— Tumbling for Ama-
teurs.
Specially compiled for amateurs by
Dr. James T. Gwathmey. Every variety
of the pastime explained by text and
pictures, over 100 different positions
being shown. Price 10 cents.
No. 191— How to Punch tbe
Bag:.
The best treatise on bag punching
that has ever been printed. Every va-
riety of blow used in training is shown
and explained, with a chapter on fancy
bag punching by a well-known theatri-
cal bag puncher. Price 10 cents.
No. 200— Dumb-Bells.
The best work on dumb-bells that
has ever been offered. By Prof. G.
Bojus, of New York. Contains 200
photographs. Should be in the hands
of every teacher and pupil of physical
culture, and is invaluable for home
exercise. Price 10 cents.
No. 143— Indian Clubs and
Dumb-Bells.
By America's amateur champion club
swinger, J. H. Dougherty. It is clearly
illustrated, by which any novice can
become an expert. Price 10 cents.
No. 262— Medicine Ball Ex-
ercises.
A series of plain and practical exer-
cises with the medicine ball, suitable
for boys and girls, business and profes-
sional men, in and out of gymnasium.
Price 10 cents.
No. 29— Pulley Weight Exer-
cises.
By Dr. Henry S. Anderson, instructor
in heavy gymnastics Yale gymnasium.
In conjunction with a chest machine
anyone with this book can become
perfectly developed. Price 10 cents.
No. 233— Jin Jitsu.
Each move thoroughly explained and
illustrated with numerous full-page
pictures of Messrs. A. Minami and K.
Koyama, two of the most famous ex-
ponents of the art of Jiu Jitsu, who
posed especially for this book. Price
10 cents.
No. 166— How to Swing In-
dian Clubs.
By Prof. E. B. Warman. By follow-
ing the directions carefully anyone can
become an expert. Price 10 cents.
\o. 326- Professional W^rest-
ling.
A book devoted to the catch-as-catch-
can style; illustrated with half-tone
pictures showing the different holds
used by Frank Gotch, champion catch-
as-catch-can wrestler of the world.
Posed by Dr. Roller and Charles Postl.
By Ed. W. Smith, Sporting Editor of
the Chicago American. Price 10 cents.
Group XV. Gymnastics
No. 104— The Grading of
Gymnastic Exercises.
By G. M. Martin. A book that should
be in the hands of every physical direc-
tor of the Y. M. C. A., school, club, col-
lege, etc. Price 10 cents.
No. 214— Graded Calistheu-
ics and Dumb-Bell Drills.
For years it has been the custom in
most gymnasiums of memorizing a set
drill, which was never varied. Conse-
quently the beginner was given the
same kind and amount as the older
member. With a view to giving uni-
formity the present treatise is at-
tempted. Price 10 cents.
SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY
No. 254— Barnjam Bar Bell
Drill.
Edited by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie.
Director Physical Training, University
of Pennsylvania. Profusely illustrated.
Price 10 cents.
No. 158 — Indoor and Outdoor
Gymnastic Games.
A book that will prove valuable to in-
door and outdoor gymnasiums, schools,
outings and gatherings where there
are a number to be amused. Price 10
cents.
No. 124— How to Become a
Gymnast.
By Robert. Stoll, of the New York
A. C, the American champion on the
flying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy
can easily become proficient with a
little practice. Price 10 cents.
No. 287— Fancy Dumb Bell
and Marching Drills.
All concede that games and recreative
exercises during the adolescent period
are preferable to set drills and monoton-
ous movements. These drills, while de-
signed primarily for boys, can be used
successfully with girls and men and
women. Profusely illustrated. Price
10 cents.
No. 327— Pyramid Building
Without Apparatus.
By W. J. Cromie, Instructor of
Gymnastics, University of Pennsyl-
vania. With illustrations showing
many different combinations. This
book should be in the hands of all gym-
nasium instructors. Price 10 Cents.
No. 328 — Exercises on tlie
Parallel Bars.
By W. J. Cromie. Every gymnast
should procure a copy of this book.
Illustrated with cuts showing many
novel exercises. Price 10 cents.
No. 329— Pyramid Building
Tvitlx Chairs, Wand.s ami
Ladders.
By W. J. Cromie. Illustrated with
half-tone photopraphs showing many
interesting combinations. Price 10
cents.
GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY.
No. .345— Official Handbook
Inter-Colleg-iate Associa-
tion Amateur Gymnasts
of America.
Edited by P. R. Carpenter, Physical
Instructor Amherst College. Contains
pictures of leading teams and individual
champions, official rules governing con-
tests, records. Price 10 cents. .
Group XVL
Physical
Culture
No. 161— Ten Minutes* GxeT-
cise for Busy Men.
By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, Direc-
tor of Physical Training in the New
York Public Schools. A concise and
complete course of physical education.
Price 10 cents.
No. 208— Physical Education
and Hygiene.
This is the fifth of the Physical
Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman
(see Nos. 142, 149, 166, 185, 213, 261, 290.)
Price 10 cents.
No. 149— The Care of the Body.
A book that all who value health
should read and follow its instructions.
By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known
lecturer and authority on physical cul-
ture. Price 10 cents.
No. 142— Physical Training
Simplified.
By Prof. E. B. Warman. A complete,
thorough and practical book where the
whole man is considered — brain and
body. Price 10 cents.
No. 261— Tensing Exercises.
By Prof. E. B. Warman. The "Ten-
sing" or "Resisting" system of mus-
cular exercises is the most thorough,
the most complete, the most satisfac-
tory, and the most fascinating of sys-
tems. Price 10 cents.
No. 346— How to Live lOO
Years.
By Prof. E. B. Warman. Helpful
and healthful suggestions for attain-
ing a vigorous and happy " old age,"
with numerous instances of longevity
and the methods and habits pursued
by those who lived beyond the allotted
span of life. Written in Prof. War-
man's best style. Price 10 cents.
SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY
No. ISo— Health Hints.
By Prof, E. B. Warman. Health in-
fluenced by insulation; health influ-
enced by underwear; health influenced
by color; exercise. Price 10 cents.
No. 213—285 Healtli Answers.
By Prof. E. B. Warman. Contents:
ventilating a bedroom; ventilating a
house; how to obtain pure air; bathing;
salt water baths at home; a substitute
for ice water; to cure insomnia, etc.,
etc. Price 10 cents.
No. 238— Muscle Building:.
By Dr. L. H. Gulick. A complete
treatise on the correct method of
acquiring strength. Illustrated. Price
10 cents.
No. 234— School Tactics and
Maze Running'.
A series of drills for the use of schools.
Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick.
Price 10 cents.
No. 325— Twenty Minute Ex-
ercises.
By Prof. E. B. Warman, with chap-
ters on "How to Avoid Growing Old,"
and " Fasting ; Its Objects and Bene-
fits." Price 10 cents.
No. 285— Health; hy Muscu-
lar Crymnastics.
With hints on right living. By W. J.
Cromie. If one will practice the exer-
cises and observe the hints therein
contained, he will be amply repaid for
so doing. Price 10 cents.
No. 288- Indigestion Treated
by Crymnastics
By W. J. Cromie. If the hints there-
in contained are observed and the
exercises faithfully performed great
relief will be experienced. Price 10
cents.
No. 290— Get
Well.
Well; Keep
By Prof. E. B. Warman author of a
number of books in the Spalding Ath-
letic Library on physical training.
Price 10 cents.
No. 330— Physical Training
for the School and Class
Room.
Edited by G. R. Borden, Physical
Director of the Y. M. C. A., Easton, Pa.
A book that is for practical work in
the school room. Illustrated. Price
10 cents.
WILLIAM AUGUSTUS LARNED,
Champion of the United States,
HOW TO PLAY
LAWN TENNIS
If
Containing Practical Instruction from an
Expert on Making Lawn Tennis
Strokes. Brief Description
and History of the
Game
and other useful information
PUBLISHED BY THE
AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY,
21 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK.
Copyright, l&ll
BY
American Sports Publishing Company
New York
\
CONTENTS
PAGE
General Description of Lawn Tennis 5
A Brief History of the Game il
A First Lesson for Beginners 27
How to Make the Most Important Strokes :
I.— The Service . . . . ... . . 37
n.^-The Ground Stroke 41
HL-The Volley and Half- Volley .... 45
IV. -The Lob 47
The American Twist Service . . . . . . 49
How to Build and Keep a Court . . ' , . . . 52
New Thoughts on Training and Diet . . . . . 61
What to Use for Lawn Tennis . • . '. . . . 64
How to Play Lawn Tennis
, General Description of Lawn Tennis.
7f Lawn tennis is played by two, three or four people (though
very seldom -by three) on a smooth stretch of ground called a
court. The playing surface of this court is 27 feet (for singles),
or 36 feet (for doubles) in width and 78 feet in length, and it is
laid out on a level surface of grass or turf, or occasion-
ally on a board floor under a coyered roof in winter. The court
is marked out with white lines on the ground indicating the
boundaries, and the space is divided in two by a net three feet in
height stretched across the centre from side to side.
Each player is armed with a racket, which is a wooden frame
about a foot long and eight inches wide, the oval open space
being covered with a fine network of catgut strings, and the
frame supplied with a handle about 15 inches long. With this
racket the players strike a ball 2^4 inches in diameter, of rubber
filled with compressed air and covered with felt.
This ball is knocked from one side of the net to the other
back and forth until one side misses it — that is, fails to hit it
at all, or knocks it into the net, or out of the court. Either side
scores a point when the opponent fails to return the ball into
his court. The object of the game, therefore, is to knock the
ball into the opponent's court so that he cannot return it.
i^ The 'first player to hit the ball is called the server (he is
chosen by lot) and he throws the ball up into the air and
knocks it over the net and into the court on the opposite side.
After this service is delivered, each side must strike the ball in
turn, hitting it either before it touches the ground la volley)
or after it has bounded only once. It is agamst the rule to
How to Play Lawn Tennis 7
volley in returning the service, but after this second stroke of
(ach point, it is optional with the players whether they volley
or return the ball on the first bounce.
The method of scoring is simple. The first point won for
either side counts 15, and if each side should win one of the
two first points, the score becomes 15 — all, "all" meaning "even"
in every case. The server's score is always called first and the
first point therefore makes the score 15 — love, or love — 15 (ac-
cording to whether the server or his opponent wins the first
point). "Love" means nothing in tennis scoring. The second
point for either side is 30 and the third 40. If the server wins
the first two strokes, the score is 30 — love; if won by the oppon-
ent, it is love — 30; if each has won a point, the third count then
makes the score 30 — 15, or 15 — 30, according to whether the
server or his opponent is ahead. Thirty-all follows when each
side has won two points ; 40 — 30 or 30 — 40 when one side has
two and the other side three.
Either side wins a game when it has scored four points, un-
less each side wins three points, which would make the score
40 — all, but which is called "deuce" instead. Here lies the only
intricacy in the method of scoring. When both sides are tied
at 40, or three points each, the score is deuce, and one side must
win two more strokes than the other from this point in order to
win the game — in other words, if the score once gets even at 40,
neither side can win by a single point. From deuce, the score
becomes "vantage-in" or "vantage-out," according to whether the
server or his opponent is ahead (the server is always "in" and
the opponent "out"). With vantage in his favor, either side
can win the game by capturing the next point, but if it goes to
the other side, the score returns to deuce again, and so on in-
definitely until one side or the other has won two points in suc-
cession from deuce.
When a game has been won, the other side becomes the server,
the service alternating with the games. The score by games
is called with the server's score first, or sometimes in matches
with the side that is ahead first. When the games are even, the
score is called at i— all, 2 — all, 3— all or 4 — all as the case may
v>.-("*' ••// i-*^^
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McLoughlin vs. Brookes.
Wilding vs. Long.
DAVIS CUP MATCHES AT SYDNEY.
How to Play Lawn Tennis
be, Dut if it is even at 5— all then deuce and vantage games
are played just as in points during the games. Five — all is
deuce and from this, point it is necessary for one side or the
other to win tw^o games in succession to take the set, that is,
as in the games, the set cannot be won by a majority of one,
the winner must score at least two or more games than the loser.
Most matches are the best two in three sets, although some
championship matches are the best three in five sets.
The server must always strike the ball in the air before it
touches the ground, but the opponent, who is known technically
as the striker-out, is not allowed to strike the ball when first
served until after it has bounded once. After these first two
strokes, one from either side, the ball is always in play until
one side or the other fails to return the ball properly and the op-
ponent then scores a point. Either player, after the first stroke
from either side, may play the ball before it has touched the
ground, which is called a volley, or after it has struck and
bounded once. If it is allowed to touch the ground a second
time, the point is lost.
A drive is a fast hard stroke played underhand from the back
of the court, and a smash is an overhand volley played very
hard and fast to "kill" the ball by the speed of the stroke. A
lob is a ball knocked up into the air to pass over an opponent's
head, when he is at the net, or to gain time. To cut the ball
is to strike it sideways, so that it twists rapidly on its own axis,
like a billiard ball with "English," which makes it bound crooked-
^m^^>^%^^mm:f^imm^
Wilding vs. McLoughlin.
Brookes vs. Long.
DAVIS CUP MATCHES AT SYDNEY.
How to Play Lawn Tennis
A. Brief History of the Game.
Lawn tennis is essentially a modern game, for its origin dates
back less than forty years. Its genealogy is rather obscnre. _ '
the best authorities disagree as to its direct parentage, ihe tirst
record of any such game in Europe, however, occurs in the
Middle ages, when a crude form of tennis was the favorite sport
of the Italian and French feudal kings and nobles. The French
seem to have borrowed the game from the Italians, and they
called it la longue paume; in Italy it was known under the name
of pallone.
This French game was played with a cork ball, which was
originally struck with the hand over a bank of earth, which
served the same purpose as our modern net. Soon a crude racket
with wooden frame and handle and gut strings was substituted,
and in this form the game was introduced into England and
flourished there for many years.
Major Walter C Wingfield, of the British army, is popularly
credited with the invention of lawn tennis, as we know it, for
he patented the game in 1874- His original game was played
on a court shaped like an hour-glass, 60 feet in length and 30 feet
in width at the base-lines. In the center was stretched a net
21 feet wide and 7 feet high at its sides, which sagged to 4 feet
8 inches in the centre. The old method of racquet scoring was
used, and the server was required to stand within a marked
space in the middle of his court.
In March, 1875, the first regular laws for the game were formu-
lated by the Marylebone Cricket Club, of Lord's. The club's
committee selected the name of lawn tennis, and promulgated a
new set of rules that were accepted by Major Wingfield and a
large majority of those who had taken up the new game. They
set the length of the court at 78 feet, and there it has remained
to this day; but they still preserved the hour-glass form, and the
breadth required by their first rules was 30 feet at the base-lines
Ho %v to Play L a iv n Tennis 13
and 24 feet at the net. The net was set at 4 feet high in the
centre and 5 feet at the posts, and the service-line at 26 feet from
the net. The racquet system of scoring, with one or two minor
alterations, was also preserved.
At the urgent suggestion of Henry Jones, who afterward be-
came famous as the "Cavendish" of whist, the All-English
Croquet Club, whose grounds at Wimbledon have since become
famous the world over, opened its lawns to lawn tennis in 1875,
and so popular did the game become that an All-England cham-
pionship meeting— the first of the series which has represented
the amateur championship of England— was held in July, 1877,
the name of the club being then changed to the All-England
Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club. This first tournament was
eminently successful, and the All-England club assumed control
of the new game. By common consent its decisions were uni-
versally respected In 1883 an attempt was made to form a
National Association, but as the All-England Club declined to
enter into the project, it was a failure, and in fts place an annual
meeting of club secretaries was held under the auspices of the
All-England Club, for the purpose of legislation, until 1888, when
the present English Lawn Tennis Association was formed as a
national body to govern the sport. The authority of this organi-
zation has never since been questioned, and its decisions have
been accepted throughout the continent and British colonies. The
only part of the world where separate laws are made is the United
States, and even here the English rules and changes are carefully
considered before any alteration is made.
Major Wingfield's crude lawn tennis game first made its ap-
pearance in America in 1874, the same year it came out in
England. A Bostonian, who was traveling abroad, brought home
a set of Wingfield's rules and implements for the game, and a
court was laid out at his country home at Nahant, a seaside
resort near Boston. Another court made its appearance at New-
port the following spring, and the Staten Island Cricket and
Base Ball Club, near New York, also took up the game in 1875.
At Philadelphia, too, the game was introduced at the Young
America Cricket Club's grounds, and soon grew popular.
How to Play Lawn Tennis 15
During the first few years of its American existence lawn tennis
was played under widely varying conditions, but the distance
between the points of play being too great to let these differences
become apparent until open tournaments were held. The nets
hung at different heights, the courts varied somewhat in size,
and the balls differed materially both as to size and weight. Local
tournaments were held at Newport, Boston, Philadelphia and
Staten Island, but it v/as not until 1880 when James Dwight and
Richard D. Sears, of Boston, who were afterward so famous in
lawn tennis, played at Staten Island and Philadelphia, that the
full importance of this confusion became apparent.
The following spring in May, 1881, a meeting was held in
New York, and the present United States National Lawn Tennis
Association was formed. The English rules, as then in vogue,
were adopted afmo=t in their entirety and the English champion-
ship balls were also accepted as official for all American tourna-
ments. It was decided shortly afterward to hold an annual
championship tournament at the Newport Casino, and a series
was started that has since been continued regularly every year,
becoming second in importance only to the Wimbledon event.
Dwight and Sears were distinctly superior to all other players in
America during this early period, and their only dangerous rivals
for several years were the Clark brothers, of Philadelphia. But
the game spread very rapidly in American soil, and new courts
and new players sprang up on every hand, although Sears man-
aged to retain his title as champion for seven successive years.
During this time, the play developed rapidly and the skill of the
players increased with wonderful speed, but Sears kept place
with all improvements and managed to keep well ahead of all his
rivals until an injury to his shoulder made it difficult for him to
play, and he retired on his laurels unbeaten.
During the first seven years of American lawn tennis, R. D.
Sears was invincible. The first three seasons he played through
each tournament at Newport, and each season won the champion-
ship without the loss of a set. In 1884 the present system of
barring the champion out of the all-comers' tournament was
adopted and Sears successfully defended his title against the
How 1 0 P I a y Lawn Tennis 17
challenge of H. A. Taylor, who was the first challenger for the
American championship. Sears beat Taylor rather easily by
three sets to one, and the following year he repeated. his success
over C. M. Brinley, who was the challenger for 1885.
In 1886 R. L. Beeckman won the Newport tournament and
cTiallenged in turn f9r the championship title. Again was Sears
invincible, Beeckman meeting the same fate as both of : hi 9
predecessors, although he forced the champion to the fir it close
match he played at Newport. A, year later H. W. Slocum, Jr.,
challenged for the title, and he was badly beaten by Sears in
straight sets, aUhough he had beaten all of the other leading
players of the country in the all-comers' tournament.
Sears's reign ended in 1888, when he voluntarily relinquished
his claim to the American championship. He had injured his
shoulder and neck somewhat and was forced to give up severe
play. Slocum won the Newport tournament again and took the
championship by default in Sears's absence. This began the
second era in American championship tournarrients. Slocum's
"tenure of office" lasted only two years. In 1889 Q. A. Shaw, Jr.,
won the all-comers' tournament at Newport, and wa^s beaten three
sets to one by Slocum in the challenge round, but a year later
O. S. Campbell, who had been runner-up to Shaw the year before,
earned the right to challenge the champion and managed to wrest
the championship title from him by three sets to one.
Campbell's successful innovation of extreme net play was the
first of many experimental stages American players had yet to
go through. He cultivated volleying far beyond his ground-
strokes, yet his methods were startlingly successful at home,
and he proved invincible for three years. In 1891 Clarence
Hobart challenged him for the championship, and was beaten in
?. five-set challenge match, and the following year F. H. Hovey,
of Boston, met a similar fate, although only four sets were re-
quired this time to settle the question of supremacy.
The following sunsmer. R. D. Wrenn won the all-comers' tour-
nament, beating Hovey une-xpectedly in the finals, but before the'
challenge match could be played, Campbell announced his retire-
ment, so the championship passed into 'Wrenn's hands by de-
How to Play Lawn Tennii ^^
fault. Wrenn was another voUeyer, but with a good command
also of ground-strokes, and the modern era in America then
began with Wrenn's advent in 1893, but his style was not fully
appreciated until the following year, when M. F. Goodbody, the
visiting Irish expert, went through the Newport all-comers'
tournament, beating three of the crack American players, Hovey,
Ilobart and Larned, by superior steadiness. When Goodbody
challenged Wrenn, however, it was a different story, and the
persistent methods of the American champion showed his style
of net play to be a distinct advance over the former American
school.
Hovey had learned the lesson of steadiness better than others
by the time the next tournament came around, winning the New-
port tournament with the loss of only one set, and then chal-
lenged Wrenn and beat him in straight sets for the champion-
ship.
In 1897, the season was made memorable by the visit to Ameri-
can courts of a team of British players composed of W. V.
Eaves, H. S. Mahony and H. A. Nisbet. They were beaten in
the international tournaments held at Hoboken, N. J., and Chi'
cago. 111., and also in an open event at Longwood, Mass., be-
fore the championship meeting at Newport. Here Eaves beat
Nisbet in the finals and Mahony was retired in an earlier round
by M. D. Whitman. Again was Wrenn, the champion, called on
to defend the national honors against a challenging Englishman
and again he succeeded in defeating the foreigner.
A year later, the war with Spain broke out and both Wrenn
and Larned were among the volunteers who went to the front
in Cuba. In their absence, the younger generation of Ameri-
can experts had matters very much their own way, and M. D.
Whitman loomed up out of the group as the steadiest and in
many respects the cleverest. He won the Newport tournament
after one or two close matches and so fell heir to the cham-
pionship title in the absence of Wrenn. The new champion made
a wonderful record during 1898, 1899 and 1900, playing steadily
through all of the most important American and Canadian tour-
I, N. W. Niles and (2) A. S. Dabnev, Jr., VVii
pionship. W. C. Grant and (3) T. R. Pell,
championship.
r.ers Eastern Doubles Cham-
Winners Southern Doubles
How to Play Lawn Tennis 21
naments during the three seasons, and losing three matches the
first year, none the second and only one the third.
The season of 1899 was Whitinan's most remarkable one, for
he not only did not lose a single match, but was not once forced
close in tournament play. With unbroken success he defended
all of the many challenge cups he had won the previous year, and
when he came to defend his championship title he was considered
invincible.
The season of 1900 was made notable by the first officially
recognized international matches in the sport. Through the
generosity of D. F. Davis, an International Challenge Cup was
offered and a challenging team was sent to America ta try for
the new trophy. This was composed of A. W. Gore, E. D.
Black and Ho R. Barrett, Black being a Scotchman and the other
two English. The international matches took place at Longwood,
Mass., the first week in August. The American team won the
first three matches played, giving them the victory before the
last two matches of the series were finished.
Two of the foreigners, Gore and Black, were also entered for
the championship event at Newport, but made a poor showing
there. W. A. Earned had an easy road to the finals, winning the
all-comers' and challenging Champion Whitman. Again the
champion proved invincible and although Larned's brilliancy car-
ried off the second set in fine style, his spasmodic attack finally
broke down before Whitman's wonderful defence and the cham-
pion retained his honors without great difficulty.
This, his third successive victory, gave him possession of the
fourth American championship challenge cup, its predecessors
having been captured by Sears, Carripbell and Wrenn.
The following year, 1901, witnessed Larned's triumph in
taking the championship, for which he had played many years.
He came through the tournament, meeting Beals C. Wright in
the final, and then upon the default of Champion Whitman, the
first holding of the newly offered cup went to Earned. In the
same tournament, Holcombe Ward and Dwight F. Davis won
the doubles honors, for the third consecutive year and became
BEALS C. WRIGHT.
How to Play Lawn Tennis 23
the possessors of the twin cups presented by Col. John Jacob
Astor, the most valuable trophies ever offered in the sport.
After the lapse of a year, the English again tried for the Davis
International Cup, in 1902, the team being composed of the
most famous exponents of the game in England, Reginald F.
Doherty and Hugh Lawrence Doherty, while the third player of
the team was Dr. Joshua Pim. The matches were played on the
courts of the Crescent Athletic Club, at Bay Ridge, N. Y., the
Americans successfully defending the trophy by winning three of
the five matches.' In the singles, Larned lost to R. F. Doherty,
after having him two-love on sets, when the contest was stopped
and delayed until the next day by a thunderstorm. Whitman in
his matches defeated Dr. Pim and R. F. Doherty, while in the
doubles. Ward and Davis were defeated by the Doherty brothers.
This last contest was witnessed by thirteen thousand spectators,
the largest number ever assembled about a tennis court in the
world. In the national championships at Newport, R. F. Do-
herty came through the tournament a winner, defeating Whit-
man in the final, but being unable to win the title from Larned.
The season of 1903 proved a disastrous one for the Americans,
and the Britons made a complete sweep of the courts. Playing
both the singles and doubles alone, although H. S. Mahony
accompanied them, the Doherty brothers won the International
Cup on the courts at Longwood, Boston, by four matches out of
five. The American win was a default to Larned by R. F.
Doherty after he had injured his shoulder. Robert D. Wrenn,
playing in the singles with Larned, was defeated, and paired with
his brother, George L. Wrenn, Jr., they went down rather easily
before the British pair. As the Dohertys had won the Eastern
doubles the year previous and the national championship in that
event, they defended that honor successfully and also took the
singles by the defeat of Larned by H. L. Doherty, who won the
tournament after meeting W. J. Clothier in the final.
No American challenge for the lost cup was made in 1904.
The championship in singles went to Holcombe Ward by the
riefault of H. L. Doherty, after Ward had defeated Clothier in
How to Play Lawn Tennis 25
the final of the tournament. A new pair also came to the front
in doubles, as Ward paired with Beals C. Wright, and gained
the title by the defeat of Kriegh Collins and Raymond D. Little,
the Western champions, in the East vs. West match.
The first American challenge for the lost cup was made in
1905, and the team sent in quest of it was composed of Ward,
Larned, Wright and Clothier. The Americans failed to win a
single match of the challenge round against the Dohertys and
Frank L. Riseley, although they won their way to the privilege
of becoming challengers by in turn defeated Belgium, France,
and Australasia. Austria was also represented, being defeated
by Australasia.
In igo6 America tried again for the international trophy, send-
ing Beals Wright, Kriegh Collins, Raymond Little and Holcombe
Ward. As far as the chances of the American team were con-
cerned, the contests were decided before the team left America by
the accident that befell Beals C. Wright at the Crescent Athletic
Club, Brooklyn, N. Y., and the lack of form that Kriegh Collins
displayed. The Dohertys again were triumphant.
In 1907 Beals C. Wright and Karl Behr journeyed to Great
Britain, in an effort to regain the Davis trophy, but were unsuc-
cessful, being defeated by the Australian team — Brookes and
Wilding — the Doherty brothers not contesting.
The cup having gone to Australia, a journey to the Antipodes
was necessary in the efifort to restore the trophy to its own country,
and accordingly a team composed of Beals C. Wright of Boston
and Frederick B. Alexander of New York set out in September,
1908, for Melbourne. The pair put up a great battle against
Brookes and Wilding, but the latter finally prevailed.
MISS MAY SJJTTON,
Winner of the Pacific Coast Championship, and the World's Champion.
How to Play Lawn Tennis 2'p
A First Lesson for Beginners.
To begin right is half the game in lawn tennis, and if one
wants to learn to play the game well, it is important to
begin correctly. Some of the simplest matters are the most im-
portant, and if these are mastered at the start the improvement
in skill will follow quickly after, and the development be gradual
but rapid. To accumulate bad habits of play when first learning
the game is only to handicap a beginner indefinitely, for it is
much harder to give up bad habits and alter the style in these
small matters than to begin all over again and learn anew. Some
of the most important of these minor details are the smallest
and the most likely to be overlooked. They are not child's play,
by any means, and should not be ignored because they seem
simple. Even the best experts had to learn them first and must
observe them as well as the beginner.
First and most important of all, the racket should be firmly
gripped in making all of the strokes. A loose grasp ruins other-
wise good play, and no habit interferes with progress more than
that of holding the handle loosely. The slightest relaxation in
the grasp will often let the racket turn in the hand while mak-
ing a stroke, and it is failure in consequence. It should be
held by the extreme end always, the "butt" or leather binding at
the end resting against the ball of the hand.
Fl" all forehand strokes, or those made when the ball is on
the . .ght side of the body, the hand should rest diagonally along
the handle, with the first finger separated from the others and
extended an inch or two further along the racket, but also wrap-
ped around it; it should never rest its full length along the
handle, as we sometimes see beginners doing. The finger nail^
w^en at rest on the handle, should face at the moment the ball
is hit in the direction in which it is to fly.
For backhand strokes, those made when the ball is on the left
28 Ho w to Play Lawn Tennis
side and the arm and racket must be drawn across in front of the
body, the fingers should be closed together and the thumb ex-
tended out straight along the handle behind the racket, in order
to give more force and better direction to the ball. In backhand
play, the second or middle knuckles should face when the racket
meets it in the direction in which the ball is to be driven.
In changing the grip after one stroke for another on the oppo-
site side, it is necessary to shift the grip somewhat, but this is
easily accomplished as the racket is carried across in front of
the body. It is the custom of almost all good players to balance
the racket between strokes in front of the body, with the upper
part of the handle at the "splice," as the fork where the wood
of the handle spreads out into the frame is called, resting lightly
in the left hand.
After every stroke it is well to return the racket to this posi-
tion, and the shift in the grip between strokes will never be found
difficult if this is done. In the heat of the play, the effort of
shifting the hold becomes almost unconscious and does not dis-
tract attention from the strokes themselves Nearly all experts
condemn as bad form the habit of playing both forehand and
backhand strokes with the same grip.
In actually making the stroke, the racket should start as far
behind the point which the ball is to be hit as possible, and swing
as far beyond it after the blow as the full reach will permit.
In forehand strokes, the full length of the arm should be ex-
tended behind the body to start the swing with plenty of impetus
and the stroke should be finished well up over the left shoulder,
the racket even turning in the wrist and dropping down back of
the head to stop its impetus.
The swing for backhand stroke should be almost exactly the
reverse, the racket starting over the left shoulder and ending
at the extreme length of the arm extend out beyond. The body,
however, should be turned around in exactly the opposite direc-
tjon, so as to face the ball for each stroke, and the position of
the feet should be shifted so as to give the firmest balance and
the freest motion of the body. The feet should be spread well
apart and the body bent forward at the hips just before the ball
H o zv to Play Lawn Tennis 29
is struck, so that its weight is added to the impulse of the
racket in making the stroke.
As in golf, the weight of the body is carried on the rear leg
and foot before the stroke, and as the racket swings toward the
ball, it is thrown forward, shifting to the other, so the added
force of the body greatly increases the power of the stroke. A
long swinging sweep of the arm and racket should be cultivated
so as to meet the ball squarely and with a powerful impact as it
comes toward you.
All side motion of the recket is lost power ; as in golf, the
head of the racket and the wrist that guides it should travel as
nearly as possible in the direction the ball is to go just before the
stroke, while actually hitiing the ball and as long as possible
after the impact. The "follow through" is nearly the same in ten-
nis as in golf and quite as important. Greater freedom in
swinging the weight of the body while making the stroke is
possible in tennis, for the. left arm is free to help recover the
balance, while in golf both ar€ required in holding the club. A
tennis stroke is made while the body is in motion, too, instead
of being still, as in golf, so the weight is carried still further
forward and checked by bringing the rear foot o utin front of
other. In making a fast tennis stroke forehanded, the weight
starts on the right foot, shifts to the left as the ball is hit, and is
finally checked again on the right, which takes a step forward
to recover the balance just after making the stroke.
In making lawn tennis strokes, it is vitally important to keep
away from the ball. One of the most common errors among
beginners — even with some experienced players — is that of getting
too close to the ball while playing. The cramped elbow that
results from this ruins many more strokes than ever spoiled by
being too far away from the ball. A splendid maxim laid down
by an expert player is that every player should go to the ball in
making a stroke, and never let the ball come to him. Even when
one finds himself in the right position to take the ball, it is better
to step back as it approaches and then forward again to meet
it, for this insures the correct position, with better speed and
direction with the weight moving forward when the stroke is
EX-CHAMPION W. J. CLOTHIER.
H 0 7v to Play Lawn Tennis 3^
made. If the flight or bound of the ball is a little further than
calculated, the player will still be in the right position and not
too close. In every stroke of the game, the position should be
that of meeting the ball; no fast stroke can be made while mov-
ing backward or even with the weight thrown backward.
The actual position of the racket in the hand while the stroke
is being made is very important. In the preliminary swing anA
in hitting the ball, the head of the racket should be nearly level
with the wrist, and the end of the swing should finish with the
racket well above the wrist. This requires an upward motion
of the racket's head as well as the forearm, and it is this motion
that lifts the ball over the net, while turning of the wrist to one
side or the other directs it to the right or left.
As the racket meets the ball, its head should be drawn slightly
upward so that the strings are dragged across the face of the
ball as they hit it, and this slight side motion gives the ball a
twist that keeps it from "sailing," and makes it drop soon after
crossing the net. In some of the "lift" strokes or "drop" strokes
played by experts,- like the famous "Lawford" stroke, for in-
stance, this drop is much exaggerated, and the ball describes a
rainbow arch in its flight, dropping suddenly after crossing the
net. Much power is wasted in such strokes, but a little twist
is generally necessary to hit the ball hard and still make it fall
inside of the court-lines.
The height at which the ball should be taken depends on the
height of its bound, which in turn depends on the hardness of
the court. On most grass courts, the bound in fast play reaches
about to the knee, and this is the best height at which to hit the
the ball. Even on harder courts, of "dirt," sand or boards, it is
better to let the ball drop to this height before hitting it, al-
though the longer bound keeps the player further back in his
court, which is not often desirable. ^Sometimes, it is necessary
to hit. the ball at the level with the hip to prevent being driven
too far from the net, but no stroke should ever be made under-
hand with the ball higher than the hip.
The eyes should be kept on the ball all of the time as it ap-
proaches; even up to the time of hitting it, one should watch
LARNED'S BACKHAND STKOK.B.
How 1 0 P lay Law n Tennis 33;
the ball, not the racket or the opposing player. It is some-
times necessary to look up for a second to see the direction in
which it is to be placed and where the opponent is, but this,
ghould be done before the stroke begins, not while it is being
made. A player often reads his opponent's intention from the
direction in which he is looking, and if one looks where he
plans to place the ball, he may betray his thoughts and the op-
ponent anticipate the stroke by going directly to the spot.
Perhaps the best way for one who wants to play tennis well,
is to practice strokes against a blank wall— high fence, the side
of a house, or some obstacle of that kind— batting the ball up
against it again and again, hitting it from the bound each
time it returns. Nothing can possibly afford better practice than
this kind of play. Experts use it constantly in the spring, and
find it a better way of getting into form, of "getting their eye
on the ball," as they say, than even regular practice on a regular
court. The ball always comes back at the corresponding angle
to that at which it struck the wall, and with much greater regu-
larity than any human opponent could return it.
In all forms of practice, whether against a wall or an antago-
nist, the method of making the strokes should be kept in mind
all of the time. Every stroke made in bad form is just so much
wasted practice, and if a faulty style is contracted, the longer
it is allowed to continue without correction, the more danger-
ous it becomes. Bad form in lawn tennis is as difficult to over-
come as bad habits in anything else. Some of the simplest and
least offensive of mannerisms, too, often develop into mjurious
habits if not checked at once.
Holding the racket loosely in the hand, swinging it or twist-
ing it sidewise before making a stroke, jumping a little just be-
fore the stroke instead of while it is being made, taking the eyes
off the ball, and even momentary lapses of indifference while
playing are all dangerous habits to contract, and each will de-
velop into a bad fault if not checked at once.
The questions of placing the ball and of covering court so as
to prevent the opponent from out-placing you are very impor-
tant, and both permit unlimited .^tudy ; in fact, the cleverest of
L. H. WAIDNER,
Chicago.
In the Western Championship Tournament.
How to Play L a iv n T e n n { s^ 35
tournament players never stop working on these problems. After
every stroke from one side of the court or the other, one should
immediately hurry back to the centre of the base-line, so as to
be ready to start for the next ball, no matter where it is placed.
If she is caught too far away from the centre, the opponent will
surely win the stroke by placing the ball to the other side of the
court and out of her reach.
Not long ago I discovered an expert tournament player re-
peatedly stood still after making a stroke from one side of the
court, and waited to see the result of his play, instead of hurry-
ing back to the centre of the base-line in anticipation of his
opponent's next stroke. By this error, he constantly left his
court open at the opposite side for a well-placed ball that would
win the point.
When badly pressed for time or too far out to one side of the
court to get back again, a lob is always useful, and it gives a
player plenty of time to get back into position for -the next play.
Beginners should all learn to lob well, as thih is an invaluable
stroke and can always be resorted to for a dei^nse.
An overhand service is practically necessary for those who
want to play the game well, although some players learn to
serve underhand with such a sharp twist that it is difficult to
make a hard return from the low erratic bound. The ball should
be thrown up in the air as straight as possible over the right
shoulder for the overhand service, and hit just as it pauses in
the air before falling. To throw it much higher and hit it as it
falls is much more difficult and less effective.
An overhand service should be made as fast as the player can
control the ball within the boundaries of the proper court. The
second service, too, after a first fault has been served, should
be made in the same way but slower. To serve in a different
way only tends to upset the accuracy of the first service as well
as the second, and weakens both.
I, H. T. Mollenhauer; 2, Prof. L. Perry; 3, F. DeRham; 4, C. C. Pell.
How to Play Lawn Tsnnit 3^
How to Make the Most Important Strokes.
I. — The Service.
Having first mastered the rudiments of the game, one is
soon led on to the more intricate points of play. In hitting the
ball, there are very many variations possible, of course, but the
whole list of strokes can be divided safely into four classes: (i)
The service, (2) horizontal ground strokes, (3) the volley and
the half-volley, and (4) the lob. Let us consider the service
first, as it is the opening stroke in every play.
The service is restricted by the rules of the game more closely
than any other play, and it is w^ell that it is so, for there have
been many attempts to take advantage of the attack given to
the server by his being allowed to make the first stroke of each
series. The service rule (No. 6) has had to be changed repeat-
edly to keep the server from infringing on the rights of his
opponent. In the modern game it is considered a great ad-
vantage to get up the net to volley as soon as possible after the
service has been delivered, and the American experts a few
years ago carried this plan of attack so far that they served on
the run, and a new rule (that which is at present in force) had
to be adopted to stop their onslaught.
It has always been the intention of the rules to make the
server stand at the base-line when he delivered his service, and
the wording has been changed only to define this position more
closely, so that he shall remain there until after the ball has
been delivered. Otherwise, he is allowed to hit the ball as he
pleases, and it is a good service if the ball drops in the service-
court diagonally opposite him, and does not touch the net in
crossing. • Naturally, the faster the service the more difficult it
is to return, and all efforts have been directed toward getting
greater speed in the delivery without forcing the ball to strike
out of the required court.
There used to be many methods of underhand twist services
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I, Hal Braly, a Southern California crack; 2, Winfred Mace; 3, O. V.
Vernon; 4, Drummond Jones.
How to may Lawn Tennis 39
used, much like those of rackets and courts tennis, and it was
intended to make the ball bound up from the ground at an
erratic angle that would make it more difficult for the opponem
to return. These twist services passed out of use, however
.vhen faster return strokes and harder drives came mto use and
have been only occasionally revived for special uses, sometimes
against women in mixed doubles, or occasionally agamst a
player who finds it difficult to hit the heavily cut ball. It is also
occasionally useful to serve an underhand twist ball when the
sun shines brightly in the server's face, and makes it difficuh to
look up for an overhand service. The American twist service is
a newer and more scientific development of these old-fashioned
^wist deliveries, but the ball is served overhand and very fast.
A special chapter has been devoted to this one play.
The most useful and commonest service used by good players
is an overhand delivery almost straight with a slight cut to the
right that keeps the ball from "sailing" in the air. A ball always
travels faster and truer if it turns on its own axis, and this same
principle which is used in ''rifling" guns is brought into use m
serving a tennis ball. The player should reach as high as pos-
sible, even serving up on the right toe, and strike the ball at
the extreme length of this racket. The server should reach up
a little above the ball, too, so that the pressure of the racket
shall be slightly on top as well as on the right side of the ball.
This top twist helps to bring the ball down into the court, when
sometimes it might otherwise go out and be a fault. ^
This overhand cut service curves slightly to the (servers)
left and its tendency is to draw the opponent out slightly in
that direction in order to return it. If a player can combine
this service with a "reverse" service, which is made by drawing
the racket across the ball in the opposite direction, from left to
right he can fool the adversary wonderfully by varying the two,
and keep him guessing almost constantly. This gives the server
a big advantage, for the opponent is unable to anticipate his
delivery and finds it more difficult to make a strong return.
It is important to have a strong second service, and too many
40 How to Play Lawn Tennis
players neglect this feature of their play, serving so slowly and
"softly" in their anxiety to be certain to avoid the double fault,
that their second service is very easy to kill. The second
service should be as nearly like the first as possible, only mod-
erated enough to be certain of not missing making a double
fault. I know a number of good tournament players whose
game shows the woeful weakness of a second service that can
be killed often by a fast drive from the slow high bound. It is
doubly important that the second service should be as long as
possible, that is, following as near the service-line as possible;
and that it should not bound high so as to offer a tempting
mark to drive at.
Many players try for exceptional speed with their first service,
when they know that the chances are heavily against their
making the stroke count. The result is that the second service,
when they miss, is so much softer than the first that it is easy
to kill. It is better to make the first a little slower and be more
sure of bringing it in, and then to make the second more nearly
like the first if the latter should be a fault.
If the server plans to run in on his service and to volley the
opponent's first return, there are other considerations than mere
speed and twist to consider in making the service. Direction
and placing are even more important than either speed or bound,
for the ball must be carefully placed to make the server's posi-
tion safe at the net. It is generally the safest in running in, to
serve to the centre of the court, for it is always more difficult
for the opponent to pass a volleyer at the net from the centre
of the court than from either edge, where the side-line is always
open.
If the opponent is particularly weak on his backhand, or if he
stands well over toward the centre of the court to anticipate a
delivery to this point, it is well to vary the direction of the
service to the extreme edge of the right-hand court. This will
often force him out of court to make the return, and its unex-
pected direction wiH make it more difficult for him to handle
the ball well.
ff0w to Play Lawn Tennis
11. — The Ground-Stroke.
At least three-quarters of the game is made up of ground-
strokes, and upon a player's skill in this department of the game
depends much of his success. It is impossible to play the game
well without good ground-strokes, and very few men have ever
succeeded with only volleying to back them up. To win a rally
by volleying at the net requires, first, good ground-strokes to
make the opening when the volleyer will be safe at the net. To
be sure, there is only one stroke in each rally that is required
by law to be played off the ground — the return of the service-
but few men are able to volley so well that they can reach the
net safely after every service and first return, and it is prac-
tically necessary to earn the position for a smash or volleyed ace
by good ground-strokes that lead up to the winning position.
The straight horizontal drive is the most useful of all the
ground-strokes, and this can be made either forehand or back-
hand. It needs a full, long swing, a clean-hit ball and as much
body swing and "carry through," as the golfers call it, as it is
possible to get in the stroke. The ball is best taken at about
the height of the knee, and a little "lift" put on it at the end of
the stroke. Many players have a habit of striking the ball much
higher than the knee, often higher than the waist, but this not
only makes the stroke more difficult to execute, but it also in-
creases the chances of putting it into the net. In making this
stroke, I want to emphasize once more, however, the importance
of getting the weight of the body into the stroke and of throw-
ing it forward so that the weight follows the racket as long ?s
possible.
Most beginners in lawn tennis have a tendency to push the
ball rather than to hit it, and the effect is to ruin what might
otherwise be a good stroke. The impact against the ball should
be clean-cut and sharp, but the racket should follow the ball
until it is well started on its course.
The drop stroke, often erroneously called the "Lawford"
stroke, is an exaggeration of this side-strike that has become
42 How to Play Lawn Tennis
very commonly used; in fact, more often seen than the true
stroke. In making this, the racket meets the ball with a diag-
onal sweep, striking it a glancing blow with a sharp up-twist that
drags the ball along with it and gives it a sharp spinning motion,
like a "follow" shot in billiards. By some tennis players this is
so much exaggerated that the ball describes "a sharp, rainbow-
like course as it crosses the net and dips quickly after crossing,
so that many balls that seem to be going out of court ultimately
fall inside the boundaries.
This stroke is very useful for passing an opponent at the net,
for it is doubly difficult to volley a falling ball like this sends,
but against an opponent at the back of his court, it takes un-
necessary risks without proportionate gain, for it accomplishes
no more, save, possibly, a little greater speed than the straight
side-stroke.
The chop-stroke is another method of striking the ball after
it has bounded which has found a great many devotees. The
ball is hit with a downward chopping motion like that made by
a woodsman swinging an axe. The head of the racket is
bevelled and meets the ball at a sharp angle, striking a glancing
blow that gives the ball a sharp back-spinning motion, opposite
to that given by the drop or lift stroke, and like the spin of a
billiard ball after it has been played for a draw-shot.
This stroke is a corruption of the English method of striking
under the ball rather than over it, as so many Americans do,
and it has been exaggerated until some players "chop" nearly
every ball they play. The tendency of this stroke is to keep
the ball up, rather than make it drop into court, and unless it
is played slow or from well above the net, it often sails out of
court. The player has a little better command of the ball, per-
haps, but less speed than with the straight side-stroke.
In backhand play, the straight side stroke is the most useful
of all but more difficult than the chop-stroke. The drop-stroke
is very difficult to play on the back-hand side and few players
ever use it except on the forehand, while the cut or chop stroke
is the ' '^iest and most often used on the back-hand. The Eng-
How to Play Lawn T e nn ♦-?
lish players use it a good deal, cutting much more in their back-
hand play than on the other side of the body.
The chop-stroke is the most difficult of all to handle at the
back of the court, because of the twisting ball and low bound,
but it is very easy indeed to volley if an opponent plays it
when one is waiting at the net. The straight side-stroke is the
best of all for driving against a base-line player and the drop-
stroke for passing. It is difficult, however, to combine both,
and few players have succeeded in doing so. A man must
choose one or the other to gain success and stand or fall by
that. It takes a wonderful amount of practice to perfect either
stroke and if one divides his time and attention between two
different styles, he is likely to imitate the "Jack of all trades,
master of none." e
In receiving the service, the ground-stroke must be used al-
ways, and it depends upon the style of the opponent which is
the best play to use against him. If the server runs in to the
net to volley after each service, a side-line passing drive or a
short cross-court stroke will generally prove the best answer
to his attack. Such a return makes the ball drop so soon after
crossing the net that it is very difficult for him to volley the
stroke, and even if he does succeed, he generally hits the ball
below the level of the net and his volley becomes less dangerous
because he must lift the ball up again somewhat in order ti^
keep it from going into the net. If he volleys too well to pass,
then a lob must be resorted to.
If the opponent is a base-line player and does not run in at
once to volley, the drop-stroke is not so useful for attacking or
opening upon an attack for a winning volley at the net, as either
the chop-stroke or the straight side-stroke. It adds to the
chance of error without increasing the force of the attack. The
drop-stroke spins out a good deal after it has struck the ground
and loses much of its speed when it rises the second time for
the opponent to return, while the chop-stroke "shoots" faster
than ever from the ground and the straight side-stroke holds
most of its place after bounding.
44 How to Play Lawn Tennis
The question of length is of utmost importance m making
good ground-strokes, and for this purpose the straight side-
stroke is the most powerful of all ground-strokes. Both the
chop-stroke and the drop-stroke depend on their twist to keep
them within the boundaries of the court, while the side-stroke
is aimed for the spot it is intended to strike. In using the drop-
stroke, the player aims many feet beyond where he expects the
ball to fall, and depends upon the drop to bring it into the court,
while with the chop-stroke, it is just the reverse, for the player
has to aim the ball many feet short of the base-line in order
to bring it inside of the line, as the under-twist makes the ball
"sail" somewhat.
For all-round uses, therefore, the straight side-stroke is the
most useful, but it does not follow that no cut should ever
be used with it. On the contrary, it 15 possible to use a little
of either cut with this stroke, and thus get part of the effect
of either of the other two strokes, while with either of the
exaggerated styles, the other is almost impossible to acquire.
Many players who have mastered the straight side-stroke, and
who follow through after the ball the longest in making it, vary
its use a good deal by twisting the ball slightly according to the
position of the opponent.
Against a man at the net, they finish the stroke with the
racket drawn somewhat up toward the left shoulder, and this
gires the ball a top twist that makes it drop slightly after
crossing the net, although not nearly so much as with the
regular drop-stroke. When the opponent is at the base-line, a
little under twist keeps the ball from bounding high and makes
it shoot so from the bound that it will be forced further away
and find it more difficult than ever to make a safe return. With
this straight side-stroke, the player has the best control of the
ball that can be secured, and if he follows it well with his racket
in hitting it, he can direct the ball very closely to where he
wants it to go.
How to Play Lawn Tennis ^r
III.— The Volley and Half- Volley.
The most thoroughly American stroke of all those which are
used in lawn tennis is the volley, and much of its modern de«
velopment is due to American methods. Our players volley with
much more aggressiveness than the Englishmen and their attack-
is much stronger and more effective in consequence. A great
part of the volleying abroad is underhand, the ball being struck
from below the level of the net and must be lifted back over
its top again before it can seek a vulnerable point of the adver-
sary's court. This naturally lessens its power of attack and
makes it more of a defensive stroke.
Americans, on the other hand, rush in much closer to the
net and volley sharper and faster, hitting the ball at the top of
its flight and driving it downward with a sharp stroke. They
smash much more, too, than their English cousins and seldom
fail to take advantage of an opening for a killing stroke, when
the foreigners often satisfy themselves by keeping the ball in
play with underhand volleys that do not kill.
My advice to any young player who wants to learn to volley
underhand is — don't do it at all. At best it is a defensive stroke,
and a volley should never be allowed to be defensive. If driven
back from the net so far that it is impossible to reach the ball
before it has fallen so low as to make an underhand volley
necessary, it is much preferable for the player io fall back still
further and make a ground-stroke instead of a low volley. The
position is stronger and stroke is likely to be much better.
Horizontal volleying is the most important of all, and upon
his skill at that depends a large pait of a player's success at net
play. Once safely ensconced at the net, all fast returns offer
horizontal volleys and only the lobbed balls give openings for
overhead volleying or smashing. The most important point in
horizontal volleying is to hold the wrist very stiff and to meet
the ball with a rigid racket that does not give at all from the
impact. One should never volley upward either; it is better to
strike a little downward and if the ball is too close to the net
to direct it downward at once, the face of the racket can be
46 How to Play Lawn Tennis
bevelled slightly upward to keep the ball from going into the net.
The racket should be drawn back eighteen inches or two feet
as the ball comes toward you, and then brought forward with a
quick, determined stroke that meets the ball with a sharp blow
and follows it as far as possible. To merely stop a ball without
striking it, or even after striking it, to relax the grip of the
racket so that it gives when the ball meets it, means to rob
the volley of all its life and snap, and to make a weak return
of the stroke. Except for the tricky "stop-volley" which is
rapidly coming into use for grass court play against a base-
line player, the ball should always be hit firmly and sharply and
the direction controlled by turning the wrist in- one direction or
another at the last second before striking the ball.
These stop-volleys are made by close net players by holding
the racket rather loosely and merely stopping a fast drive at
the net and allowing the ball to fall just over into the opposite
court and drop there lifeless with little or no bound. If the
opponent is far back in his court and not expecting this play, he
is seldom able to get up to the net in time to reach the ball before
it bounds the second time. It is possible to bring off these stop-
volleys successfully, however, only when the volleyer is very
close to the net, so close in fact that he is in danger of having
the ball lobbed over his head. The correct play against a
volleyer who gets in so close as this is always to lob over his
head, for he is seldom able to back away in time to volley the
ball, and generally has to let it bound and return it with another
lob.
Overhead volleying or smashing is much like serving. The
player should reach as high as possible over his head and strike
the ball from over his right shoulder with as much force as
possible. In smashing, the weight should be thrown far forward
and the additional impetus of the body's swing added to the force
of the blow. The object of a smash is to kill a dropping ball by
the sheer speed of the blow, rather than the accuracy of its plac-
ing, but many well-smashed balls are returned by the opponent,
and the player should not lose his balance entirely, for then he
How to Flay Lawn Tennis Al
will not be ready for the next stroke in case his antagonist should
return his first smash.
It is never safe to risk a smash if behind the service-line,
and a ball that is going to fall further back than that should be
volleyed rather than smashed. Smashing is very much over-
done anyway. It is quite unnecessary to smash many short lobs
that come to a player during the course of a game, for an ordi-
narily fast overhead volley to some remote part of the court
where it is well out of the reach of the opponent is quite as
effective as a smash, and reduces materially the chance of error
without weakening the chances of winning the ace. When a
volley will kill the ball, a player should never risk a smash or
waste his strength on the play either.
Half-volleying is only a makeshift at best to cover up a
mistake in position. A player should never half-volley if it is
possible to make any other stroke. He should go back and play
off the ground, or run forward to meet the ball and volley the
return. Some of the English players half-volley aggressively
from choice, even when it is possible for them to avoid the
stroke, but this play has been fostered and practiced because of
the volleying position of the Englishmen, many feet further
from the net than that which the Americans prefer. The conse-
quence is that many balls drop at their feet when they are in
their customary position for volleying, at the service-line, and
they get used to half-volleying instead of shifting position to get
the ball either on the volley or after it has risen well from the
ground.
IV. — The Lob.
The lob is a stroke that used to be considered only useful
for defence, but modern American methods have brought it
into common -play both for attack and defence, and it has now
become recognized as a general stroke of the game. Primarily,
it is used either to get the ball out of the reach of an opponent
at the net waiting to volley it, or to save time by knocking the
ball high into the air while you get back into position or recover
your "wind," if out of breath. •
48 How to Play Lawn Tennis
Some players find it difficult to kill a lobbed ball, and in a
tournament match the ability to lob well may prove of great
advantage against an antagonist. If hard pressed, it also fur-
nishes a breathing spell that may be just enough to save the set.
The ball should be played high into the air and well back, in the
opponent's court. The lob short is sure death, and one had
better not lob at all than to lob short of the service-line. The
ball should be hit with confidence and with force behind it,
not hesitatingly, as though the player were afraid the stroke
would be a failure. This uncertain way of lobbing is the most
dangerous of all.
Of recent years, however, still another use has come into
play for the lob, and this is the result of the American habit of
getting in close to the net to volley. Once the opponent gets
in closer than the usual net position, when less than ten feet
from the net, the overhead attack can be started by lobbing,
and he can quickly be driven away from his advantageous posi-
tion. A low lob, just out of his reach, sometimes scores a clean
ace, and even a high one will often force him to turn and run
back in his court to return the ball.
A young player should always practice lobbing enough to be
certain of the play. It is always useful and one can never tell
when he will have to bring the stroke into use. Nothing is more
demoralizing, too, than to lob short and have the bah killed so
hard that you have not a chance to reach it. Before an import-
ant match, it is a good plan to practice lobbing for some time,
and the question of length should be watched closely, for a
good lob should always fall between the service-line and the
base-line — better yet, within ten feet of the base-line.
I have often spent an hour with a patient friend on the other
side of the net, practicing just this one stroke, and the result
justified all my hard work, for it gave me command of a play
that served me in good stead whenever I got into any kind of
difficulties. It is the most perfect defence that can be found,
and against any but a very strong smasher, it often becomes ^
strong attack.
H o 10 to Play Lawn Tennis 49
The American Twist Service
There has been a good deal of mystery surrounding the Ameri-
can twist services which have recently become so prominent in
the international matches. As a matter of fact, there should be
no mystery at all in regard to this play, as it is simply a scien-
tific development of the common underhand twist strokes adapted
for overhead play with the additional speed which has made the
new stroke so formidable. It is a common error to call these
deliveries "reverse twists," for, as a matter of fact, the only re-
verse twist overhead service in use among the experts is that de-
livered by Champion Whitman, while the twist service used by
Davis, Ward and Alexander have all the natural out twist. As
Davis is a left-handed player, his service "breaks" from the
ground in the opposite direction from those deliveries by right-
handed players.
Ever since the early days of baseball the scientific theory of
curving a ball in the air has been well understood. The top of
a carriage wheel travels faster than the bottom, because its axis
is moving ahead all of the time, and in the same way the friction
on the side of a ball which is twisting on its own axis is greater
on the side which is going fastest through the air— the right-
hand side in a right-twist delivery and vice versa. The rougher
the surface of any spherical body the more it will curve in the
air, because the friction becomes greater against the particles of
the air itself. The rough felt covering of a lawn tennis ball
causes more friction than a leather-covered baseball and conse-
quently the tennis ball curves more in the air.
The secret of success in making this new twist service is not
to make the ball curve so much to one side or the other as to
curve downward in its flight, like the "drop" of a modern base-
ball pitcher. It is necessary to make a tennis ball drop quickly
after crossing the net if it is to be served with much speed and
50 Ho w to Play Lawn Tennis
still strike within the boundary of the service court. To accom-
plish this the ball must be hit on top as inuch as possible, and the
secret of the new twist service lies in reaching over the ball and
striking it from above as well as one side. The racket strings
are drawn across the cover of the ball as much as possible, the
ball taking the strings near one edge of the frame and leaving at
the other side. To do this a very quick side motion is required,
and it is this that gives the ball its rapid spinning motion.
It has been a mystery to many why a tennis ball should bound
in the opposite direction from its curve, but if one will apply the
principle of the "English" in billiards he will understand at once
the reason. In the overhand out twist, as served by Ward and
Alexander, the ball spins sharply on its own axis, combining the
effect of right-hand English and the "follow" shot in billiards —
in other words, it spins exactly like a billiard ball when hit for a
follow shot with right English. It curves to the (server's) left
in seeking the line of the least resistance (which is a comnion
rule in all physics) because of the greater friction on its right
side, and it curves downward in its flight because of the greater
friction on its top side.
Instantly the ball strikes the ground it breaks to the right be-
cause the spinning motion drags it that way when it comes in con-
tact with the ground, just the same as a billiard ball with right
English will rebound to the right when it strikes the cushion of
the table. Thus we have the double motion in this new twist
service, which has puzzled so many who have played against it.
The reason why its effect has been greater with American than
with English balls is because the surface covering of the Ameri-
can ball is rougher than that of the English, and the resistance in
going through the air becomes greater in consequence. The ball
gets a sharper twist from the racket because the rougher cover
makes it cling longer to the string.
The service used by Whitman has the reverse twist, his racket
removes from (his) right to his left, the ball curves from left
to right, and breaks again to the .left as it leaves the ground.
Davis's service has the same curves and the same effect as Whit-
man's, but Davis reaches very much further over the ball, hitting
How to Play Lawn Tennis 51
it faster and making it bound deeper. It is an out twist and not
a reverse twist, however, because Davis plays with his left hand
and the racket travels away from his body, not across it. The
service used by Ward and Alexander is an out twist made with
the right arm, the racket traveling away from the body to the
(server's) right; the ball curves from right to left, and breaks
sharply to the right again after leaving the ground.
In Whitman's case the racket travels across in front of his
body and the tendency in making this reverse twist is to throw
the server off his balance, and to make it doubly difficult for him
to run in to the net to volley the first return. In the case of the
out twist, it is just the reverse, and Ward is said to have in-
vented this service in an effort to get the impetus of the racket
to help him get in motion quicker after serving in his hurry to
reach the net for the volleying position.
In each case where this out twist service has been successful
the server bends very far backward and drops his racket down
far behind his back before making the stroke. In each case,
too, he reaches well up over the ball, and the more he hits it
on top, the more speed he can secure and still make the ball drop
enough to fall inside of the service court. There is a tendency
also to ease up slightly on the inside edge of the racket so that
the strings will follow the ball longer and give it a sharper twist
in making the stroke.
This new American twist service is physically very severe on
its users, and tires the muscles of the back and stomach more
than those of the arms, because of the sharp bending backward
as the stroke is made. There is no secret about it, however,
and the fact that Alexander has successfully learned to use it
simply through watching Ward make the service and practising
it steadily is proof that any other player can learn this stroke
who will give enough time and conscientious effort to learn it.
The keynote to success, however, lies in hitting the ball well
on top with a very sharp twist, the ball rolling across the entire
face of the strings before it leaves it, and in striking it very
much harder than would be possible to bring an ordinary service
within the court.
52 How to Play Lawn Tennis
How to Build and Keep a Court
Nothing is more important for the full enjoyment of lawn
tennis than a satisfactory court, and none of the other accessories
of the game offers a wider variety. Many important consider-
ations come up even after the kind of court to be built, and the
cost, have been decided upon. No matter how much is to be
spent on the ground, nor what the surface is to be, the most
important things to consider first are space, light and drainage.
The back-stop nettings should never be nearer than fifteen feet
from the lines, and if good players are expected to use the
court, particularly if tournament matches are to take place on it,
the space behind the base-line should be 21 feet at each end. At
the sides at least 6 feet, if possible 12 feet should be allowed
beyond the side-lines for doubles of each court. A well-
appointed court for tournament play should be centered in an
unobstructed space of not less than 60 x 120 feet. Wire back-
stop netting 10 or 12 feet high should surround it at these
distances from the lines. If there are two or more courts to-
gether, there should be at least 12 feet between their side lines,
and one netting can surround all.
In selecting a site for a court, a spot should be chosen where
there is always plenty of sunlight, and where at no time of the
day does any shadow cross the ground on which the court is to
be laid. Green or black is a preferable background to play
against, but any dark and even color will do. A court should
never be laid out with any very light background within a short
distance at either end, or close at either side. Nor should a site
be selected with a badly mixed or moving background. Shade
trees are useful near a court only if their shadow is a solid one,
not constantly checkered by flecks of sunlight glittering through
moving branches, which constantly confuse the players. Never
How to Play Lawn Tennis ij,
should they be allowed near enough to cast any shadows on the
playing surface.
One more cardinal point should be remembered. The court
should invariably be laid out north and south — never east and
west. If this warning is disregarded, the player at one end
or the other will be hopelessly blinded by the sun.
The question of drainage is one of the most important consid-
erations in selecting a site of this kind. On the natural facilities
depends largely the cost of laying out a good court. If the
natural soil be sandy and well drained, or if it is on high ground
Vv^hich slopes away near by, artificial drain pipes will not have to
be put in, and this saves much of the cost, but if it be thick clay
that holds moisture long, or on low ground with neighboring
slopes that drain toward it, the court will be useless for many
hours after each rainfall unless artificial drain pipes are put in.
After the site has been selected, it must be decided whether a
grass or "dirt" court is to be built. If the natural sod is lux-
uriant and the soil favorable for its growth, or if the court is not
to be used enough to wear oflf the grass, a turf court will gen-
erally be found preferable, but if the ground is to be constantly
in use, the sod will wear off and become "bald" unless there is
space enough on the lawn to shift the court frequently.
When good turf cannot be had or will not stand the wear, a
substitute must be found, and sand or dirt courts are most often
used. On well-drained land, one can sometimes cut away the top
surface, level the ground and roll it until well hardened and the
court is ready for use, but more preparation is necessary to
build a permanent court that will not be constantly losing its
proper level.
For such a court the earth should be cut away to a depth of
one foot if no drains are required. After leveling it carefully
with a spirit level, to be sure that the grade is right, a layer of
jix inches of broken stone should first be laid and pounded down
hard. Ordinary trap-rock used for macadmizing roads is perhaps
the best for this purpose, but any broken stone, ranging in sizes
from a walnut to an ^^%, will answer the purpose. This should
S4 How to Play Lawn Tennis
be covered with a three-inch layer of coarse gravel or fine broken
stone, which should be thoroughly pounded and watered for
several days before being covered. Before any surface is put on
the court, the greatest care should be taken to see that the foun-
dation is perfectly level, or, rather that the center of it is hot
more than one inch lower than at the ends. Any holes or de-
pressions that appear from rolling and pounding should be fil/,ftO
in before it is covered.
Every well-built court should be graded toward the net, and a
drain-pipe well-protected with broken stone should be sunk at
"ight angles to the court, dividing it in halves at the net. To-
ward this gutter the surface of the court should be drained and
the drain-pipe in turn should be tilted enough to carry the water
to one side well off the grounds, into some lower spot, or be
connected with some sunken hogshead or regular sewer. A sur-
face grade of one inch is enough to keep the average couit dry,
The base* lines therefore should be one inch higher than the
ground at the net, and if the soil is sandy enough to take up most
of the water from the average rainstorm, no drain but that under
the net will be necessary. Some players prefer the court to
drain from end to end, in which case the court should grade
gradually so that one end is two inches lower than the other.
If artificial drainage is necessary to keep the court dry, drain-
pipes can be laid in the foundations of the court. This can be
done by getting six-inch stone sewer-pipes cut in halves, or stone
gutters used on tiled roofs, and sinking them in the ground, open
side up, immediately under the foundation of broken rock. Two
or three should be placed on each side of the net, parallel with
the side-lines and graded down toward the center gutter under
the net. These pipes should be filled with coarse pebbles or
cracked stones about the size of walnuts, and they keep the
drains from filling up with earth. The water will then trickle
through the coarse sand and stones to the pipes and be carried
down to the main gutter and so off the court.
The covering for a gravel or sand court should be not less
than three nor more than six inches in thickness, and of sandy
How to Play Lawn Tennis
loam and clay mixed The proportions depend on the quality
of the clay. If it is very binding and sticky, one part of sand to
two of clay are preferable, but for the average ingredients they
should be mixed about four parts of clay to one part of sand.
When the court is finished, if it is found to be too soft but dry,
more clay should be added; while if it drains poorly and stays
muddy too long after rain, or its surface is too sticky for the
player's feet, more sand should be added on the surface. When
a court is finally covered, it should be thoroughly watered and
rolled alternately twice every day for two weeks before it Is
played on at all, and any depressions or uneven spots corrected
as fast as they appear from the settling. After the first heavy
rain-storm it should be gone over and releveled most carefully,
for then it is most likely to develop new faults.
The fine seashore sand will seldom be found satisfactory for
the surface of a court, for it works loose too quickly under the
players' feet, and can only be made to bind when mixed with a
larger proportion of clay, which will make the drainage more
difficult, as water percolates very slowly through clay. If the
soil upon which a court is being built is very rich and worms
promise to work through to the surface above and injure the
court, it is well to lay a layer of fine cinders, those from a rail-
road engine preferred, between the foundation and the sandy
surface layer. These cinders effectually prevent worms from
coming through to the surface. It is also well to use coarse
sifted ashes mixed with the stones in the drain-pipes.
. The construction of a grass court is less difficult, but varies
much more in process. If cost need not be considered, it should
be built by a professional, and will be laid on deep-laid founda-
tions ; if it is desired to build an economical court on an available
lawn which is fairly level, the cost will not be heavy. The sod
should first be carefully removed in squares of about eighteen
inches, from a space at least 50 by 100 feet, cutting down to a
depth of about six inches. The ground should then be turned
with a spade to a depth of eighteen inches or two feet, and after
all stones have been removed, and the earth carefully raked over
5fc How to Ptay Lawn Tennis
and leveled, it should be packed and rolled with a heavy roller
It cannot have too much leveling and rolling, and the rolling
should be kept up for several days with plenty of soaking by rain
or hose-pipe. Any inequalities which the heavy pressure of the
roller produces should be filled in or cut down before the sods
are relaid.
After the ground has been rolled sufficiently the sods should
be replaced. In doing this it is important to get the edges close
together, so that no seams or open cracks can be found. These
sods should be relaid in the afternoon and well drenched with
water. The next day the ground should be rolled again ; and
this should be followed by alternate drenching and rolling for
several days. Even when the ground finally appears firm and
level, the court should not be played upon until new blades of
grass appear in considerable numbers. If depressions appear,
the sod at that spot should be lifted, fresh earth inserted to the
proper grade and the sod replaced, watered and rolled till level
and flat again.
Bad spots are often found where the grass is thin or where
malignant weeds obstruct its growth, and in this case fresh sods
should be bought or cut elsewhere and substituted. Sometimes
large patches of ground must be renewed in this way, but it will
be found much less expensive if all the turf is bad to sow the
new court down with lawn seeds, and seeds will often help out
thin spots in the grass if the court is not to be used too soon
after the sowing. It is better to make a grass court in the fall
whether it is to be sown with seed or sodded. The winter storms
will then settle it thoroughly, and after a little releveling in the
spring it will be ready for use.
Grass seeds should be sown between the middle of March and
the first of May, or better yet, in the autumn, between the middle
of Auguit and the first of October. It takes about 20 pecks of
good lawn seed to cover a space 60 by 120 feet. The sowing
should be gone over twice, the second time at right angles to the
first. Clover seeds should be avoided, as this grass does not
wear well, and guano should not be used for fertilizing, for it
tends to bring up coarse blades in patches.
How to Play Lawn Tennis 57
As soon as the young grass Is high enough to be topped, a
scythe or sickle should be used, being at first better than the
mowing machine. After the new grass is well hardened, how-
ever, the latter should be constantly in use, never less than once
a week, and in moist warm weather nearly every day. With
every precaution weeds are sure to appear, but these can gen-
erally be held in check by constant mowing. The more formidable
weeds, however, must be cut with a knife one by one about an
inch below the surface, and care being taken to remove as much
of the root as possible. A pinch of salt dropped on the cut
root will generally stop the growth. When the turf becomes
worn In spots a small shift In the lines of the court will relieve
vhe pressure and enable the grass to grow again; at the end of
the season all of the bare patches should be resown.
There are several other kinds of court sometimes built when
turf cannot be had. Cinders, clay, concrete, cement and asphalt
are also sometimes used, while board courts are built under cover
for winter use.
Concrete and cement are open to many objections. They are
very hard on the eyes and legs, and often make the player's
feet sore; the surface generally wears out the balls and shoes
quickly, and It Is also liable to crack with frost. Cinder courts
are cheap and easy to construct, but the surface is so gritty that
It burns the feet of the players and soon uses up the balls. They
are also very dirty. Asphalt courts are expensive and much
affected by heat and cold, sometimes even cracking with the frost.
In Australia courts have been made of cracked blue-stone,
while a cheaper substitute has been found In England in what
is called a brick rubble court.
Once the court Is finally built and ready for use, it must be
properly marked out. In every case, unless It be of grass, and
the lines are to be constantly shifted to prevent bare spots, net-
posts should be permanently sunk in the ground. They should
be not less than two feet under the ground nor forty feet apart.
A double court contains every line used for singles, and so it
is customary to mark a court for doubles, except occasionally
58 How to Play Lawn Tennis
for important tournament matches in singles, when the outside
lines are left off. In order to lay out a court properly the middle
of the space should be measured and the two posts set down for
the net. Then cord should be stretched along one side just inside
the post and pegs driven down into the ground each 39 feet from
the net. In order to prove that the side-lines are at right angles
with the line of the posts where the net is to cross it should be
proved by measuring with a tape-line or cord the diagonals from
the opposite net-post to the corner peg at each end of the side-
line, which should agree. A very useful implement for measuring
is Spalding's Patent Angle Steel Measuring Tape. With it, any
one can secure accurate right angles, yet it is also available for
straight or any kind of measuring. It is 50 feet long, graduated
in feet, inches and eighths of an inch, and is enclosed in hard
leat'ier case, with all mountings nickel-plated. The price is $4.00.
The pegs from the other two corners should be driven down
y.ext by measuring 2i^ feet at right angles from each end of the
side-line already planned. Then you have a hollow square, but
before marking any of the lines it should be proved again. The
long diagonals, from corner to corner, should be carefully meas-
ured to agree, in order that the court shall be exactly rectangular,
not diamond shaped. Each side-line and each base-line should
be gone over again to prove its length accurate, and then the
lines of this hollow square should be marked out. If the posi-
tion of the court is not to be shifted it is a good plan to sink
small angle plates to mark these four corners so that when a
hard storm washes away the lines, they will not have to be laid
out all over again.
The inner side-lines should be put in next, each parallel with
the outer lines, and 4^ feet inside, measuring them at the base-
lines and at the net to prove them parallel. One each of these
pegs should be driven down just 18 feet from either end, and
then they should be measured the other way to prove that each
is 21 feet from the net and 42 feet from that at the opposite
end. Across from each of these to that on the opposite side
should be marked the service-lines, and then dividing these
service-lines in half, the half-court line should be marked, its
How to Play Lawn Tennis
59
distance being 13^ feet from each inner side-line. The court
will then be completed and ready for use.
A good dirt court should be swept, watered, rolled and freshly
marked out after every eight or ten sets of play, and oftener in
very dry weather, Instantly a depression is discovered it should
be filled in and roHed down before playing is continued, for it is
almost as dangerous for the players as the court to continue
with it uneven. A court should never be rolled in the condition
^.he players leave it after play. A player's heel raises a little
fump ; if the roller goes over this before it is swept down even
again, a hard ridge results and the ball will bound unevenly
from it. It should be swept over first, until all the lumps are
leveled down, before the roller is allowed on its surface.
One of the best sweepers is made of a heavy joist of wood
with a dozen thicknesses of old jute bagging or coarse cloth
frayed out at the bottom edges, fastened to its bottom and trail-
ing on behind it. This should be drawn over the court with a
handle or rope several times. If it is pushed, the groundsman's
feet will leave tracks after it; if he goes ahead the sweeper
will erase them. Before the lines are marked out fresh, the old
ones should always be swept off with a broom, but if the broom
is constantly used along the lines in a parallel direction, it wil'
gradually wear away little grooves in the court where the lines
are and the balls will bound improperly from them. The sweep-
ing should be done lightly across the court, at right angles with
the lines.
A grass court cannot have too much care. It is advisable to
wet it thoroughly several times a week and roll it as often. It
should be watered at night, cut in the morning, and rolled after
cutting and before watering. The best way to repair a ba,re strip
of ground is to lay fresh turf, and this should be done in the fall
or as early as possible in the spring. Good tough turf, laid In
February or early in March, will be fit for use by the first of
June. In the early spring grass roots both in new turf and old
may be greatly benefited by a good dressing of manure well
worked in, but regular manuring should also be done in the fall.
6o How to Play Lawn Tennis
Worm casts are very bad for good tennis turf. Particularly
in fertile ground or after a storm, the little mounds will appear
on the sod, and if the roller passes over them or they are trodden
down little hard lumps are formed which spoil the surface of
the court. The turf should always be swept before rolling, and
in rich soil every morning. This scatters the mounds effectually.
Where it is necessary to get rid of the worms, lime water should
be sprinkled on the ground. They will then come to the surface
and can be swept away.
When a horse mowing machine is used it is well to have the
horse's hoofs covered with soft pads to prevent their cutting into
the turf and leaving prints that affect the bound of the ball. The
groundsman at work on good lawn tennis courts, particularly
when the turf is soft, and always on a sand court, should be
required to wear rubber-soled shoes without heels.
Mow to Play Lawn Tennts ©i
New Thoughts on Training and Diet
By Eustace H. Miles.
[From the London Daily Mail.]
Before I outline my system of training let me also say that
1 have put it to very severe tests. It has held good in the sever-
est heat (in New York) and in the severest cold (in New York,
Tuxedo, and Montreal). At Montreal I played three complete
racquet matches (not games) in succession without a break.
And in the United States I several times played three hard
tennis matches in one day. Moreover, I can keep up this stan-
dard of endurance without regular practice of the games. At
the beginning of last year I lived an almost utterly sedentary life
for three months, and then went off and played tennis hard for
two hours.
Nor have I ever found it necessary, because of the training,
to discontinue my brainwork, even up to the very day of an
important competition. Nor have I had a single breakdown,
or indeed any appreciable staleness — the bugbear of athletes—
since I changed my diet.
In diet I do not hold to the absolute ideal, but I never go
very far from it. A "hygienic ideal" would cut me off from
most social meals altogether, and also perhaps from all stuffy
and smoky rooms. So I keep myself slightly on the human
side of supreme pinkness. I prefer two meals a day, at lo — ii
and 4 — 5, or (with perhaps a fruit breakfast) at 12— I and 6:30 —
7:30. But I can eat five meals.
I do not eat either flesh foods (fish, flesh, or fowl), or meat
juices (in soups or otherwise), or eggs. Why not eggs? Because
they do not suit me. Why not flesh foods? For the same rea-
son and for many others.
Instead of the undeniably nourishing and stimulating flesh
foods I substitute what I find to be a not less nourishing basis
and staple to give me proteid or albumen which shall rebuild
62 How to Play Lawn Tennis
the blood and cells of my body and repair its waste. We
might, indeed, live on proteid matter alone, and with it, with the
help of a few minerals (e. g., phosphates), renew every cell
of the body, says Professor Sir Michael Foster.
Professors Gamgee, Pavy, and Bunge, and Dr. Robert Hutchin-
son, like most other authorities, insist on the importance of prd-
teid, and set down our average daily amount at 4 to 5 ounces.
This amount I easily get from milk-proteid (I use Plasmon),
cheese, nuts (often milled or in nut-foods), wholemeal bread,
or biscuits, peas or haricot beans or lentils (sometimes) ; the
other elements of food I obtain chiefly from fruits, but some-
times from well-prepared vegetables.
Stimulants such as tea I do not altogether avoid. I never
have smoked for more than a few seconds ; all attempts have al-
ways made me ill. I can eat slowly ; for several days I gave
my mouthfuls over sixty bites each.
But to two practices I must adhere — to the deep full upward
breathing through the nose ; and also to the daily air-and-light-
bath for the whole body, together with rubbing, self-massage,
sharp exercises, and stretching exercises. One of the greatest
shocks of my life was when I was performing thus on the sands
near Hunstanton and suddenly say two undergraduates looking
^at. me in fear and wonder from behind a rock. I now air-bathe
in my bedroom. I can find no air-bath near London, queer
London.
As to exercise, I never lift or carry weights except when I
go shopping with ladies — this I do rarely. I consider that most
weight-lifting tends to slowness and stiffness. My movements
are chiefly brisk and full.
Equally important in my system is muscular relaxing; not
mere stillness and not mere slackness, but freedom and econ-
omy.
Of course, in athletics we should relax most of the unused
muscles. But I go further. I purposely relax my arms and
hands, my legs and feet, my neck and spine. I relax my face,
and smile (when I am alone). Why should I be tense and clench
' my fist.<« and look almost as fierce as great American millionaires
How to Play Lawn Tennis 63
and politicians do in their photographs? I cannot see a reason.
So I try to look calm and not waste valuable energy in a worse
than valueless way.
During brainwork I almost invariably aim at repose of the
muscles — open channels through which, as through unknotted in-
dia-rubber pipes, the life-forces may smoothly flow. It is easiest
to relax during the slow breathing outwards. It seems vital
for me to relax both before and after great physical or mental
efforts. That is a personal experience. Here, as with diet, I
dare not suggest a law. I dare only suggest a plan worth trying.
Experieni'ia docet. Experience must be our teacher. By their
fruits ye shall know them. If worry and anxiety be thus re-
moved, have we not here the cheapest of all nerve sedatives?
Water seems to me to have at least two distinctive functions.
Warm water serves to soothe, and to cleanse. Let it be soft,
whether it be rain-water or water distilled or else softened by
oatmeal or some "salts," and let it be used with pure soap and
friction. Cool or cold water serves to invigorate and harden.
Cool or cold water should be used after warm water. The body
may be sponged part by part, just as air-baths may be partial.
And then should follow rubbing, and perhaps exercise, and
certainly stretching of the limbs. How sadly we need it!
Sandals may be worn v/henever one has the courage.
Though one of the greatest pleasures of my life was to have
done over sixteen hours of hard brainwork in a day — once I
reached eighteen— yet among the greatest pleasure I also reckon
the consciousness of energy and endurance, i utterly disbelieve
in the negative theory of health — that one should not be aware
of the body. It ought to be a real joy to live. I love to feel
each muscle tingle and thrill.. I love to have to move briskly
every now and then especially with the shoulders and the legs,
from sheer vitality. Sureiy our healthy nerves should be to us
a joy rivalling the joy from taste or music.
StKUHE SPALDING
QUALITY
Spalding
IHE SUCCESS we
have met with in put-
ting out this racket
accompanied by the
broadest guarantee
ever given on an article of this
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the truth of our assertions re-
grarding the great care which
we exercise in watching every
detail of its manufacture. The
racket is sold upon its own
reputation and the Spalding
Guarantee is your assurance
of satisfaction.
The difference between ...
Styles A and B is in the additional strings remforcmg the
central portion of the latter. Handles 5 and 5% inches in circum-
ference. Stringing of clearest and absolutely best quality lambs
gut. Tag attached to each racket, giving particulars of special in-
spection. Each racket enclosed in special quality mackintosh cover.
We use a dogwood insertion in shoulders, after proving to our
satisfaction, by experience, that it is far superior to cane or
other material, for the purpose.
HIa rH/l « EITHER STYLE A OR
WO. Ijlfi. STYLE B STRINGING.
Each, $8.00
WE guarantee Lawn
Tennis Rackets
for a period of 30
days from date of pur-
chase by the user. The v|j™™
Guarantee Tag attached ^^5
to each Spalding Lawn ^^13
Tennis Racket reads as follows: If
this Racket proves defective in work-
manship or material within 30 days
from date of purchase, pleasfc return,
transportation charges prepaid, to any
Spalding Store, and the defect will be
rectified. Imperfectly strung Rackets
will be restrung, and in thi: eveiit of a
broken frame due to workmanship or
defective material, the Racket will be
replaced. Notice.— This Guarantee
does not apply to Rackets weighing
less than 13 ounces.
We urge that at the conclusion of
play this Racket be rubbed dry, and
when not in use be covered with a
Waterproof Cover, placed in a
Racket Press, and the gut occasion-
ally varnished.
T/EEP
TOUR RACKET IN A.
DRT PLACE, otkerwtoe
the Guanuitee Is Told.
PROMPT mENTION GIVEN TO
ANT COMMUNICATIONS
ADDRESSED TO US
A. G. SPALDING & BROS.
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES!
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER
OF THIS BOOK
Prieat in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* tee tpecial Canadian Catalogue,
Stu?e THE SPALDING
TRADEMARK TZf
'Tcrfcct
Spalding 3
Haekett and Alexander
Model Racket No. OGM
•tTCNTtO JANUANY 3. I SOS
,ADE in the
SPALDING
"Perfect Oval"
Model with
walnut throat
piece, dogwood reinforce-
ment and vellum wrapped
shoulders. We claim that
this is a scientifically per-
fect lawm tennis racket, and
the experience of two of the most
successful players in this country
who use this racket in their most
important matches goes far to
prove the truth of our assertion.
Handles 5 and 5^ inches in circumference.
Stringing of clearest and absolutely best qual-
ity lambs' gut. Each racket is enclosed in a
special quality mackintosh cover.
\tl OdVI Spalding "Perfect Oval"
ilV. VUlfl* hackett- and f,j^ eO AA
Alexander Model Racket. '^0*vU
SpaldlnoSSL'
Oval Model
Racket
NO.GME
j^^!^HIS racket Q
M >* I made exactly
m J the same as
^^^^^ our Gold Medal
^^•^^ models No. A
B except as to
stringing and shape of the
head, which is made oval
to meet the demand for
that shape. >
The stringing is double
style, similar to that in thd
Gold Medal Model No. B.
Handles 5 and 5% inches in circumference.'
Stringing of clearest 'and absolutely best qual-
ity lambs' gut Each racket is enclosed in a
special quality mackintosh cover.
1\Ia I^IVIF Spalding Gold Medal
llU.UlTlIj* Oval Model
Racket.
$8.00
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I
ANY COMMUNICATIONS
ADDRESSED TO US
A.G.SPALDING &. BROS.
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER
OF THIS mi
Price* in •ffect January 5, 191 1. Subject to chan«« without notice. For Canadian prjce* tee *peoial Canadian CaUlofue.
sSbKe THE SPALDING
TRADEMARK "^IllK^^
QUALITY
^TCNVce JATIUARY^ a.
The Spalding Tennis Rackets
'J'HE good points in the following rackets can be vouched for by some of the most successful of last season's
players. In all of them quality of material and workmanship is superb and perfect balance a,ssure(}.
Each frame made of finest white ash, highly pol-
ched; combed Spanish cedar handle, leather capped.
Model GX. Gold Medal shape. Taped shoulders;
strung with best lambs' gut. This racket is equal
to the best of any other make. Each,_ $5.Q0
Model DH. Hand made throughout and strung
with- special quality lambs' gut. Modeled after
style racket used exclusively- by some of the
greatest players in the world. Extra stringing.
in central portion of racket,. Each^ $5.00
No. 11. The Tournament. Taped shoulders;
strung with good quality lambs' gut. A very
popujar model Each, $4.00
No. 8. The Slocum. Oval shape, good quality
frame, strung with special Oriental gut. A very
superior racket at a moderate price. Extra string-
_ ing in central portion of racket, ^ach, 83. 6 O
GUARANTEE
We guarantee Lawn Tennis Rackets for a period of
30 days from date of purchase by the user The Guar-
antee Tag attached to each Spalding Lawn Tennis
Packet reads as follows: If this Racket proves de-
I'orkmanship or material within 30 days from date of
purchase, please return, transportation charges prepaid, to any
Spalding Store, and the defect will be rectified Imperfectly
strung Rackets will be restrung, and in the event of a broken
frame due to workmanship or defective material, the Racket
will be replaced.
NOTICE
This Guarantee does not apply to Rackets weighing less th^n
13 ounces.
We urge that at the conclusion of play this Racket be
rubbed dry. and when not in use be covered with a Water-
proof Cover, placed in a Racket Press, and the gut occa-
sionally varnished.
Keep Your Racket In a D17 Place, OtbecirUe
The Guarantee is VoM.
PROItlPT AUENTION GIVEN TO
ANY COMMUNICATIONS
• ADDRESSED TO US-
A.G.SPALDING &. BROS.
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER
OF THIS BOOK
tSUHE SPALDING
TRADE-MARK "^K^v^^
QUALITY
PATCNtCD JANUA
The Spalding Tennis Raclcets
GUARANTEE
We guarantee Lawn Tennis Rackets
for a period of 30 days from date of
purchase by the user. The Guarantee
Tag attached to each Spalding Lawn
Tennis Racket reads as follows: If
this Racket proves detective in workmanship or
material within 30 days from date of purchase,
please return, transportation charges prepaid, to any
Spalding Store, and the defect will be rectified. Im-
perfectly strung Rackets will be restrung, and in
the event of a broken frame due to workmanship or
defective material, the Racket will be replaced.
NOTICE
This Guarantee does not apply to Rackets 1
ing less than 13 ounces.
i'gh-
We urge that at the conclusion of play this
Racket be rubbed dry, and when not in use be
covered with a Waterproof Cover, placed in a
Racket Press, and the gut occasionally varnished.
Keep Yonr Racket in a Dry Place,
Otherwise The Guarantee Is Void.
No. 7. The Oval. Oval shape, good quality white ash
frame, strung with special Oriental gut. Made with extra
stringing in central portion of racket. . Each, $2.50
e===s o g=**:S a (5==*=S) ' ' i
"THE following rackets are all excellent quality. Frames
of the finest selected white ash, highly polished, with
combed Spanish cedar handle, leather capped; stringing of
good quality Oriental gut. i-h-'
No. 5. The Lakeside. . , . » Each, $3.0O
No. 4. The Greenwood. j, . « 1 " 2.00
No. 3. The Geneva. . , . " I.50
Spalding Junior Champion Racket
Made particularly for juvenile use, with small grip and
in weights from 10 to 12 ounces inclusive, only. Frame
of selected white ash, highly polished Oriental gut
stringing. A good playing racket for boys and girls.
No. OJ. Each, $2. CO
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I
ANY COMMUNICATIONS
AOORESSEO TO US
A. G.SPALDING &, BROS.
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER
OF THIS BOOK
Price* in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices tee (pecial Canadian Catalogue,
SZ THE $PALDING(il)TRADEMARK ''ZinT
Spalding Championship
Tennis Ball I perfect
INFLATION
COVERING
SEWING
ON the record made by
the Spalding Cham-
pionship Tennis Ball so far
we are willing to base our
claims for superiority, and
wherever the ball is used,
either in a tournament or
regular play, we are certain
our judgment will be con-
firmed. Absolutely best in
every particular of manufac-
ture and made by people who
have been in our employ,
many of them, for twenty
years and over, we place the
Spalding Championship Ten-
nis Ball before the most
critical clientele in the ath-
letic world with perfect con-
fidence that it will give ab-
solute satisfaction..
No. 00. Per dozen. $5.00
Three balls only, . $1.25
One or two balls. Each, .45
Wright & Ditson
Championship Tennis Ball
No. 5. So well known that com*
mentas to its qualities is unneces-
sary. Per dozen, S 5. 50
On orders for NOT less than
t gross. Per gross, $60.00
Tournament Tennis Ball
No. O. In the manufacture of the
Spalding Championship Ball only
those which are absolutely per-
fect in every particular are allowed to pass, and the "culls" or "throw-outs" are stamped simply
Tournament and do not bear the Spalding Trade-Mark. These balls will answer for practice or for
' children's use but should not be used for match play. Per dozen, S3. 60
. ^ - : Each, .30
PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO I
ANY COMMUNICATIONS
AODRESSEO TO US
A.G.SPALDING &. BROS,
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER
OF Tins BOOK
Price* in effect January S, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices (ee ipecial Canadian Catalofue.
sSBsaTHESPALDING(ii)TRADE-MARK^lf
Spalding Racket Coven
No. 7 No. GM No. 14 No. 5
No. O. Brown and mixed colored canvas cover, full s\t€. Each, $ .35
No. I. Soft felt cover, full size .50
No. GM. Good quality mackintosh material, and same exactly as we fur-
nish with our Gold Medal Rackets , Each, $.1 .OO
No. I 4. Canvas cover, neatly bound, with extra pocket to hold balls, I .OO
No. 6.
No. 7.
Stiff leather, for one raicket.
Stiff leather, for two rackets.
Each,
5.00
7.00
English Leather Tennis Bag
No. I 2. Made of special quality leather and
with compartments to hold rackets, balls
and suit. Each, S I 2.00
No. I.
No. 2,
Rackets Restrung
We make a special-'
ty of restringing
rackets of every
known make. The
work is done by our
most scientific
stringers, and none
but first quality gut
is used. When sending
rackets to us to be re-
strung- be sure to pre-
pay charges on the
package and mark with
your name and address.
Write us under separate
cover full particulars
regarding restringing.
Oriental G-:t, White only.
Each, S I .OO
Lambs' Gut, White only.
Each, $l.50
Best Lambs' Gut. White
Each. S2.50
mmmmmm^^^mwmKi
Rubber Handle Cover
No. 3. For covering racket
handles to secure a better grip. Made of pure gum rubber,
corrugated. Will give excellent satisfaction. Each, 50c.
Rubber Adhesive Tape for Racket Handle Grip
No. A. Made especially for this purpose, 1 inch wide.
Piece 4 feet long in individual box. . Each, J Oc .
Varnish to Preserve Stringing
Apply immediately after playing, as it takes a little time to
dry thoroughly. Two-ounce bottle of special quality varnish,
complete with good brush in box. Per bottle, 26c.
Spalding Lawn Tennis Score Books
Official Lawn Tennis Score Book, paper cover, 16 sets. I Oc .
Extra Tennis Score Cards, 4 sets. Per dozen, I Oc.
No. 3.
only.
No. 4. Special Expert Stringing,
White only. Each^3.50
Racket Presses
The most effective press in use
to-day.- Rackets should be kept
in one of them when not in use
to prevent warping, especially
when they have been exposed to
moisture or used at the seashore.
No. I R. For one racket. $ I .OO
No. 5R. Superior quality. Made
of finely polished walnut, with
brass fittings. Suitable for
either one or two rackets.
Each. $2.60
Spalding "Club" Racket Press <
Invaluable for Clubs Conducting Tournaments.
No. C-P. This is a most substantial affair and
is arranged for any number of rackets up
to 24. The proper
thing for clubs
where it is necessary
to keep a number
of rackets in proper
shape all the time.
Each, $25. OO
PflOMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I
ANY COMMUNICATIONS
ADDRESSEO TO US
A. G.SPALDING &, BROS.
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STOBES
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER
OF THIS BOOK
Price, in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to ch«n«« without notice, •'"r C«Mdi»n pric«* ••• «p««i«l CsMdiut Cl4«lofu«.
sSbSe THE SPALDING
Spalding Hand Made Nets
We recommend most strdn^ly
our hand made nets. Quality
of material and workmanship
is absofutely the best, and they are well worth many times the additional cost
over the ordinary machine made styles on account of their greater durability. If
posts are placed just 42 or 36 feet apart, nets will fit exactly when drawn taut/
j Spalding Patent^Double Center Nets (Hand Made)
Cat Shows Doable Center Net with No. A Posts and No. 3-0 Center Strap
These have double twine^^ knitted together from 11 to 13 feet, atcordiin' to the size of the n'^t. Will
outlast two or more ordinary nets. ^^k.
White, 21 Thread, Double Court. each]] White, 15 Thread, Double Court. EACH
42 ft. X 3 ft., double center 13 ft. S6.50 No. 3C. 42 ft. x 3 ft., double center 13 ft..' S6.00
36 ft. X 3 ft. double center 11 ft. 6. CO It No. 2C. 36 ft. x 3 ft., double center lift. AJ^O
No. 3D.
Spalding Canvas Bound Nets NOT Double Centerj
■Top bound %vith heavy 2-inch canvas strip.
\Uo. SB.. Double Court, hand made, 42 ft. x3 ft., 21 thread, white.
1^0. 2B. Double Court, hand made, 36 ft. x3 ft., 21 thread, white.
Spalding Machine Made Nets
EacK
$4.60
'4.00
Cut Shows Canvas Bomd Net with No. t Posts and No. 2-0 CcLcer Strap
Top and bottom bound tvith heavy cotton rope— White, 'fi Top bound with heavy 2-inch canvas strip— White.
No. I. Single Court, 27 ft, , 12 thread. Each.Sl.OO No. 2A, Double Court, 36 ft., 15 thread. Each, S 1 .76
No. 2. Double Court, 36 ft., 15 thread. -"1.25 ' , ^ ,. « ^,^
No. 3. Double Court, 42 ft. , il5 thread. " 1 .50 ^ No.3A. Doub-<; Court, 42ft.. 15 thread..
2.00
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I
ANr COMMUNICATIONS
ADDRESSED TO US
A. G.SPALDING & BROS.
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER
OF THIS Boot
Pricci in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices «ee special Canadian Catalogue,
Stu?e THE SPALDING
TRADEI^ARKTuTiTf
SPALDING BLACK TWINE CLUB NETS
Spalding Club Nets— Black Twine (Hand Made)
Nets are dyed with fast coloring matter and by a special
process which adds to their durability. Bound at top
with a doubled band of 8 oz. white duck, 2 in. wide and
equipped with heavy tarred manilaropes top and bottom.
No. 2-0. 36 ft. X 3^ ft, 21 thread, double center
11 ft., black twine, hand made '. " Each, $7.50
No. 3-0. 42 ft. X 3h ft., 21 thread, double center
13 ft, black twine, hand made < ' Each, $8.00
No. 4-0. 36 ft.x3% ft, 30 thread, single center, black
twine, hand made. . .•«■>- Each, $7.50
No, 5-0. 42ftx3%ft, 30 thread, smgle center, black
, twine, hand made. > . ■^^ ^ ;.^Each, $8.00
Galvanized Steel Cable for Top Cords
Pull length %-inch galvanized steel cable, five strands
of seven wires each, twisted tightly. With metal loop
at each end and manila r©pe ends to fasten to post.
Each, S3.50
Posts and No. 3-0 Center Strap
Spalding Tarred Nets
Tarred nets are hand made, bound with 10 oz. duck at
top; furnished with galvanized wire cable instead of or-
dinary rope top cord. Full measurement as listed below.
No. 6-0. 33 ft x3Jf ft. 21 thread. Each, $9.00
No. 7-0. 42ft6in.x3Jift,21thread. " I O.OO
Spalding Twine Nets for Backstops
No. 4. Machine Made, White, 50 feet long, 7 feet
high, 9 thread. . ..■ "■ . Each, S2.50
No. 5. Machine Made, White, 50 feet long, 8 feet
high. 12 thread. . ...-^ Each. S3. 50
No. 5X. Tarred. Machine Made, 50 feet Iong,.8feet
high, 12 thread. . Each. $4. CO
Spalding Wood Backstop Post
No. BS. Backstop Post only; wooden. Each. 9 l'.25
Spalding Guy Ropes and Pegs
No. 3. For use with Backstop Posts ; cotton ropes,
fancy pegs.. For one pair of Posts./ Per set 85c.
SPALDING "ANCHORED'^ BACKSTOPS
Method of fastening uprights in ground is similar to that employed with our No. AP Tennis Posts, shown on
Page 56. This style of construction we consider the most practical of any for first-class tennis equipment
' * " o »..^. ,..•
"~"
V ^b ?!
! 4V
2
20?
25f
1
f-n>
1 4V
f
-124-*—
— i-
♦
1 4'.1
1
■■■w>
^21-
4'ii
Equipment Nc
No. 4 1 . 376 ft., 8 ft. high, posts 8 ft. apart, in-
cluding corner posts and gates. Shipping weight,
3650 lbs ' $285. CO
For greater or less qoantity than 376 It., add or dedocl al the
rate oi 63 cents per loot.
No. 40 I . Same as No. 41, but 10 ft. high, posts I
weight. 4050 lbs.
For greater or less qaantity than 376 ft. ol 10 ft. high, add or dedaci at the rate ol 73c. per loot.
. Prices for the*e sets of "Anchored" Back Stop eqalpment are on board cars New York City,
■p of theae fences, also bine prints showing location of posts and all details, are fnrnlshed with each order. Any Intelligent
' aalc followlncr these Instrnctlons can set the fence. We will, however. If desired, supply men to do this work, onr
ctaars* for which la 98.00 per day and expenses (travellne and board) for two men— man and helper.
Equipment No. 42
No. 42. 160 ft.. 8 ft. high, posts 8 ft
apart, including end and corner posts.
Shipping weight. 1850 lbs. .$ 1 40.00
No. 402. Same as No. 42, but 10 ft
high, posts 8 ft. apart. Shipping
weight 2050 lbs. . , $ I 60.00
Complete Instrnctlons for setting
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I
ANY COMMUNICATIONS
ADDRESSED TO US
A. G.SPALDING &. BROS,
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
SEE INSIDE FRONT COYER
OF THIS BOOK
Pricei in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* tee special Canadian CataloBue.
ACCEPT NO
SUBSTITUTE
*:S5^
' Spalding
^^Championship^'
Tennis Posts
This style post is in use on
the courts of the most prom-
inent clubs in this country.
The uprights are of heavy
2-inch japanned steel tubing,
pointed at lower end so as to
go 24 inches into ground and
equipped with wheel at top.
Ratchet for tightening net
has a particularly strong lev-
erage. Iron hooks and cleats
for fastening ropes.
By means of triple claw
clutches, made of heavy
wrought iron, there* can be
no shifting or shaking once
THE SRftLDINGiiJTRADEMARK ''Ziuf
Spalding "AutO-lOC"
I Tennis Posts
pdsts are placed in position,
and the tighter the net is
drawn the more rigid the
posts become.
iio. A. Per pair, $20.00
's'^We recommend these posts especially for private
courts or wherever it is desirable to remove posts
immediately after play is finished. The "Auto-
Loc' ' tightening ratchet is a patented device which
permits the closest adjustment in tightening and
regulating the height of the net, and locks auto-
matically and mstantly as soon as released.
The spade-shaped iron sockets with which
these posts are equipped are driven into the
ground in the proper position for the posts, which
are fitted with iron bases terminating in square
iron extensions which fit exactly the sockets in
the spade bases and keep the posts -absolutely,
rigid when placed in position. When posts are
removed from sockets there is no projecting
obstruction, and we furnish a block of wood to
be inserted in the hole in each socket as soon as
the posts are taken up. We also furnish hooks
with handles for removing sockets from ground
whenever it may be necessary to do so.
No. AL. Per pair, S I 8.0O
Spalding
"Anchored**
Steel Tennis Posts
Furnished with the most reli-
able and rigid method of fasten-
ing upright posts permanently
that has ever been brought to
our attention. Posts are made
of galvanized steel tubing, 2V
inches in diameter, and are
driven into ground where they
are held securely in place by
anchor stakes driven through
sockets on the sides of the posts.
One post in each pair is fitted
with a special ratchet for tight-
ening the top rope and with
cleat for bottom rope, the other
post being fitted with twocleats.
No. AP. Per pair. ^ 1 O.OO
The Spalding
Tennis Posts
Our "Club" Tennis Posts are
made of best quality 2%-inch
square ash, nicely polished and
varnished, equipped with jap-
anned braces so as to make
posts absolutely rigid, and when
set in position the posts extend
30 inches into the ground.
We call particular attention
to the extra heavy brass rat*
chet with which we equip this
style post It is made
after an English de-
sign, and is the same
as supplied by our
London House to some of the
best clubs in Great Britain.
No. B. Per pair, 9 1 0.OO
PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TOl
ANT COMMUNICATIONS
ADDRESSED TO US
A. G.SPALDING & BROS.
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
fOR COMPLETE LIST OP STORES
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER
Of THIS BOO!
Price, in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price, .ee .pecial Canadian Catalogue,
fORESlI
'ER I
ACCEPT NO
SUBSTITUTE
ETHESPALDINGtlDTRADEMARK^'aif
A properly equipped Lawn Tennis Court needs properly made Posts,
sometliing more tlian two sticks of wood
Spalding
"Casino"
Tennis Posts
No. C. Extra heavy
square wood posts,
painted red and nicely
varnished and striped.
Pulley wheel at top of
each post to take top
cord of net. and reel of
improved pattern, to
tighten net, attached to
one post. Extra heavy
japanned iron
brackets to steady
posts, which ex-
tend 30 inches into the
ground when set up.
Per pair, $7.60
f Spalding
.Tennis Poles
No. E. Finely .polished,
solid, spiked tennis poles.
Packed complete with
guy ropes and peg§.
Per pair, S2.00
No. F. Good quality solid
9 tennis poles. Packed com-
plete with guy ropes and
pegs. Per pair. $ I .CO
Indoor Tennis Poles
No. G. Made with iron
base and spike to fit into
iron plates in the floor.
■■^ Complete with plates, tees.
Tguy ropes and everything
necessary for setting up.
No. E Per pair. $2.50 no.
Spalding
Tennis Posts
No. D. Square posts
of wood, handsomely
painted in red, with
black striping: jap-
anned iron bracket
braces to steady posts,
which are inserted 24
inches into the ground.
No guy ropes are
necessary with
these tennis posts,
Per pair. S4.00
Spalding "Side Line" Tennis Posts
No SL. By using these posts it is possible on a court laid out with posts and net for "doubles" to pat
the net at the proper height for a single court game, and that without takmg down net or removing
regular double court posts 'Per pair. 7oc.
Guy Ropes and Pegs for Tennis Nets
a No. I . Cotton ropes, plain pegs. Set, 25c.
No. 2. Cotton ropes, plain pegs. Set, 50c
No. 3. Cotton ropes, fancy pegs.
Per set. S6c.
H -ma (No. 3 will answer for Backstop Nets.)
No. 2.
Pulleys and Axles
No. O. Japanned pulleys, complete with axles,
for top of tennis posts. Per pair. 35c.
automatically at place set.
Reels for Tennis Posts
No. L. "Auto-Loc" Patented Reel
for Tennis Posts. Made with
automatic locking ratchet device,
which makes it possible to adjust
height of net exactly and locks
Each. S5.00
No. R. Regulation style,
japanned finish, wooden handle.
Each. Si.60
Canvas Center Straps
No. 2-0. This device for holding center of net at regu-
lation height, three feet, is vastly superior to the ordinary
center iron ; does not chafe the net, and cannot possibly
cause the ball to glance off and strike out of court.
Each, $ I .CO
No. 3-0. Tournament Pattern, same as No. 2-0, only
fitted with a turn-buckle, with which height of net can be
adjusted to a hair. Very desirable for tournament or
match games Each, SI. 26
Iron Center Forks
No. 2. Good quality, iron fork. Each, 9 I .CO
n
PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO I
ANY COMMUNICATIONS
ADORESSED TO US
A. G.SPALDING &, BROS.
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER
OF THIS iOOt
Price* in e«ect January 5. 191 1. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price, tee .pecial CanadUn Catalofua.
llimii!li-l:;jlill.Ve<(
Spalding Lawn Tennis and Outing Shoes
particularly suitable for lAwn Tennis, Yacbtlag and general Oatlng pnrposes.
No. WB. Low cut. White buck,
of English tanning. Will not turn
yellow. Best quality white rubber
soles. Hand sewed and strictly
bench made. Per pair, $8.00
No. AH. High cut, russet leather,
with best red rubber flat sole.
Hand sewed and of absolutely
best grade material throughout.
Per pair, $6.60
We recommend also our No. BBH Special Cricket Shoe,
Ball Shoe,
No. A. Low cut, russet leather,
with best red rubber flat sole.
Hand sewed. Quality same as
No. AH. Per pair, 85.0O
and our No. AB Special Basket
as very suitable indeed for vie as tawn Tennis and Outing Shoes.
No. CH. High cut, best white can-
vas, fine quality white rubber flat
sole. Hand sewed. Pair, S4.60
No. C. Low cut, best white can-
vas, fine quality white rubber flat
sole. Per pair, $3.6 O
No. D. Low cut, white canvas,
red rubber flat sole.
Per pair, 81 .60
Spalding Sweat Band Useful for players who are obliged to wear eye
glasses and who are troubled in play with perspiration dropping on them and blur-
ring the vision. Used by some of the most prominent players. No. I . Each. 60c.
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I
ANr COMMUNICATIONS
ADDRESSED TO US
A. G.SPALDING & BROS.
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER
OF THIS BODK
Prices in effect January 5. 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* »ee special Canadian Catalogue.
n
3amM£L(^E^"">^^^^'<-«»a|
SPALDING'S NEW ATHLETIC GOODS CATALOGUE
I give an idea of the great variety of ATHLETIC GOODS manufac-
tured by A. G. SPALDING & BROS. SEND FOR A FREE
COPY. (See list of Spalding Stores on inside front cover of this book.)
'HE following selection of items from Spalding's latest Catalogue
" \THLET1
Archery sa
Asli liars 109
Atbletlc Library , 126-127
Attachm'ts, ChestWelght HO
Indoor , .
Jlidlclne .
riaygrouod
Wnter Polo
Ball Clfnocr. Golt
Itnndngi'S, Elastic
Utii' Heirs . . .
r.nrSlnlU . . .
liars—
Horizontal . .
rnrnlltl . . .
rmlilns Suits
Uais—
l;n«.>nnll
ns Cage. Dase Ball
Water I'olo
Center Forks. Iron
Center Strops. Canvas
Chost Weights . -
Circle. Seven-Foot
Clock Golf . .
Coats, Base Ball
Collars. Swimming
Cork
Cross Bars
Discus. Olympic
Kmbroidery . ,
Kquestrian Polo
Eserclser. Home
Felt Letters ; ,
Prnclnu Sticks
Field Hockey
College . . .
Foul. Base Ball
Uarking, Goi: .
College . . . . ,
Foot Hall Goal' Nets'
Koot Ball Timer . ,
Classes, Base Ball Sun
Golf . . .
Handball .
Hockey. Ice
Atbletic . . .
Golf •
jy Ropes and Pegs
Kandle Cover. Rubber
'Inngers for Indian CinlM 109
tats. Iniversity
Kole nim. Golf
•nrse. Vaulting
Hurdles. Safety
'"S?ii : : ;
Knee Protectors . ,
Knli kcrs. Foot Ball
Lace. Foot Call . .
Lacrosse . . . .
I.anes for .Sprints .
Lawn Howls . . ,
Basc'Balf"". . .
Cricket . . . .
Foot Ball . . .
Letters — i
Embroidered . ,
Felt
Equestrian Polo .
inkeis. Tennis ' !
.Masks —
Base Bail . . ,
Nose .".'.'.'.
Ma.sseur. .\bdonjlnal
Mattresses . . , i
.Base Ball . . ,
Haodhall . .
Striking Bag . .
MoDoerams' '. '. '.
Mouthpiece, Fotrt Ball
Volley Ball . . ,
Numbers, Competitors'
■•ads—
Chamois. Fencing .
Pennanls. College
Polo. Roller, Goods .
Posts-
Backstop. Tennis
Indoor Base Ball . .
Thumb
'roteclion. Run'ng Shoes
Foot Ball. Soccer' . . 100
I CuliV. Tennis Net
rushl
. Cha
ttees. Golf . . . . ;
Quoits '
Racket Covers ... f
llnckets. Lawn Tennis 48-."
Racket presses ... ;
Rackets Restrung . . f
Keels for Tennis Posts
ll.terces- Whistle .
Kings —
Kxercisiog . . .
Sacks, for Sack Racing
Sandow numb Bells
.Score Books —
Base B.'iU ....
Basket Ball , . .
Crlekct
Golf
Score Tablets. Base Bali
Base Ball . ,
linsket Ball
nowllng . .
Clo* . . . ,
Cross Country
Cricket . . .
Fencing
Cricket. Measuring
Marking. Tennis .
Measuring Steel .
Tight
Atl
Fu
iiboggan Cushions
■apeze. .Vdjustable
;olIscrs.^v".Vl.C.A. '.
Batlling . , ,
Velvet ....
I'mplre Indicator
Lruforms, Base Ball
for Gut . .
Wands. Callsthenic .
■■ Stop . .
ngs . .
56-lb. . .
Whistles, Referees"
Spalding Exercisers
"'■—ling Equipment
Wrist Machine
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO
ANY COMMUNICATIONS
ADDRESSEO TO OS
A. G.SPALDING & BROS.
STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES
FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER
OF THIS BOOK
Pricei in effect January 5, 1911, Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see »pec'-^\ Canadian Catalogue.
II I3»
standard Policy
A Standard Quality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy.
Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a manufacturer to long
maintain a Standard Quality.
To market his goods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a profit for the jobber as
well as the retail dealer. To meet these conditions of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to
set a proportionately high list price on his goods to the consimier.
To enable the glib salesman, when booking his orders, to figure out attractive profits to both the
jobber and retailer, these high list prices are absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been
served when the manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured his
order from the retailer.
However, these deceptive high list prices are not fair to the consumer, who does not, and, in
reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices.
When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading but alluring high list
prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and grapples with the situation as best he
can, by offering "special discounts," which vary with local trade conditions.
Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer and the jobber are
assured; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices to the consumer, the keen competition
amongst the local dealers invariably leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of
the retailer are practically eliminated.
This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. -)The jobber insists on lower, and still
lower, prices. The manufacturer, in his turn, meets this demand for the lowering of prices by the
only way open to him, viz. : the cheapening and degrading of the quality of his product.
The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that, ten years ago, in 1899, A. G. Spalding
& Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic Goods Trade, and inaugurated what
has since become known as "The Spalding Policy."
The "Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding Goods are concerned,
and the retail dealer secures his supply of Spalding Athletic G<tods direct from the manufacturer
under a restricted retail price arrangement by which the retail dealer is assured a fair, legitimate and
certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and the consumer is assured a Standard Quality and is
protected from imposition.
The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the users of Athletic Goods,
and acts in two ways:
First — The user is assured of genuine OflScial Standard Athletic Goods, and
the same fixed prices to everybody,
Second— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in purchasing at
the proper time, the very best raw materials required in the manufacture
of our various goods, well ahead of their respective seasons, and this enables
us to provide the necessary quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding
Standard of Quality.
All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are required to supply consumers at our
regular printed catalogue prices — neither more nor less— the same prices that similar goods are sold
for in our New York, Chicago and other stores.
All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated exactly alike, and no
special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone.
Positively, nobody; not even officers, managers, salesmen or other employes of A. G. Spalding
& Bros., or any of their relatives or personal friends, can buy Spalding Athletic Goods at a discount
from the regular catalogrue prices.
This, briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful operation for the
past ten years, and will be mdefinitely continued.
In other words, " The Spalding Policy " is a "square deal " for everybody.
A. G. SPALDING & BROS.
By
standard Quality
An article that is universally given the appellation **StaJidard" is thereby
conceded to be the Criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar nature.
For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the Standard unit of currency,
because it must legally contain a specific proportion of pure gold, and the fact of its
being Genuine is gnaranteed by the Government Stamp thereon. As a protection to
the users of this currency against counterfeiting and other tricks, considerable money
is expended in maintaining a Secret Service Bureau of Experts. Under the law, citizen
manufi. '•ers must depend to a great extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices
to protect 'nselves against counterfeit products— without the aid of "Government
Detectives " or " PubHc Opinion " to assist them.
Consequently the "Consumei^s Protection " against misrepresentation and "in-
ferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the * 'Manuf actarer."
A. G. Spalding & Bros, have, by their rigorous attention to "Quality," for thuty-
three years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known throughout the world as a
Guarantee of Quality as dependable in their field as the U. S. Currency is in its field
The necessity of upholding the guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and main-
taining the Standard Quality of their Athletic Goods, is, therefore, as obvious as is the
necessity of the Government in maintaining a Standard Currency.
Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other con-
sumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade-Mark and all
that it stands for. Therefore, we urge all users of our Athletic Goods to assist us in
maintaining the Spalding Standard of Excellence, by insisting that our Trade-Mark be
plainly stamped on all athletic goods which they buy, because without this precaution
our best efforts towards maintaining Standard Quality and preventing fraudulent
substitution will be ineffectual
Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer the reputation of being
high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by makers of "inferior
goods," with whom low prices are the main consideration.
A manufacturer of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold and a
guarantee to protect, must necessarily have higher prices than a manufacturer of cheap
goods, whose idea of and basfe for a claim for Standard Quality depends principally
upon the eloquence of the salesman.
We know from experience that there is no quicksand more unstable than poverty
in quality— and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Quality.
PALDING
ATHLETIC ^LIBRARY
and is Official and Standard
Price 10 cents each
RAND PRIZE
ST. LOUIS, 1904
Spalding
PARIS, 1900
ATHLETIC GOODS
ft^RE THE STANDARD OF THE >VORLD
A. G. Spalding ^ Bros.
VJAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES /n the FOLLOWING CITIES:
NEW YORK CHICAGO ST. LOUIS
BOSTON MILWAUKEE KANSAS CITY
PHILADELPHIA DETROIT SAN FRANCISCO
NEWARK CINCINNATI LOS ANGELES
BUFFALO CLEVELAND SEATTLE
SYRACUSE COLUMBUS MINNEAPOLIS^
BALTIMORE INDIANAPOLIS ST. PAUL
WASHINGTON PITTSBURG DENVER
LONDON, ENGLAND
BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND
MANCHESTER, ENGLAND
EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Factories owned and o;
Trade -Marked Afhle
TLANTA DALLAS
LOUISVILLE
NEW ORLEANS
MONTREAL, CANADA
TORONTO, CANADA
& Bros, and where all of Spaldinj/'s
located in the fo.ltowinj; cities:
CHICAGO
FRANCISCO,, CHICOPEE^
BROOKLYN BOSTON " PHILADELPHIA LONDON, ENG.
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