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COLLEGE 
OF  THE  PACIFIC 


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AO^Q- 


^i^AyyK^  (hKiUf- 


H  U  DIB  R  A  S 


BY 


SAMUEL    BUTLER 

WITH   VARIORUM    NOTES.   SELECTED    PRINCIPALLY 
FROM   GREY   AND  NASH 


EDITED   BY 


HENRY    G.    BOHN 


LONDON 
GEORGE    BELL    &    SONS 
1900 


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PREFACE. 

6  7  3^ 

The  edition  of  Hudibras  now  submitted  to  the  pub- 
lic is  intended  to  be  more  complete,  though  in  a  smaller 
compass,  than  any  of  its  numerous  predecessors.  The 
text  is  that  of  Nash,  usually  accepted  as  the  best ;  but 
in  manv  instances-as  in  the  very  first  Ime-the  au- 
thor's Original  readings  have  been  preferred.  In  all 
caaes  the  variations  are  shown  in  the  foot  notes,  so  that 
the  reader  may  take  his  choice. 

The  main  feature,  however,  of  the  present  edition  is 
its  notes;  these  have  been  selected  with  considerable 
diligence  and  attention  from  every  known  source,  and 
it  is  believed  that  no  part  of  the  text  is  left  unexplained 
which  was  ever  explained  before.  Grey  has  been  the 
great  storehouse  of  information,  and  next  m  degree 
iVrt^A,  but  both  have  required  careful  sifting.  Other 
editions,  numerous  as  they  are,— including  Aikin's,  the 
Aldine,  and  GilfiUan's.-have  yielded  nothmg.  Mr 
Bell's,  which  is  bv  far  the  best,  is  edited  on  the  same 
principle  as  the  present,  and  had  that  gentleman  re- 
tained the  numbering  of  the  lines,  and  given  an  Index, 
there  would  have  been  little  left  for  any  successor  to 

improve. 

A  few  of  the  notes  in  the  present  selection  are,  to  a 
certain  extent,  original,  arising  from  some  historical  and 
bibliographical  knowledge   of  the  times,   or    derived 


^  FBEFACTB. 

from  a  manuscript  key,  annexed  to  a  copy  of  the  first 
edition,  and  attributed  to  Butler  himself. 

The  Biographical  Sketch  of  our  poet  is  a  mere  rifaci- 
mento  of  old  materials,  for  nothing  new  is  now  to  be  dis- 
covered about  him.  DiHgent  researches  have  been 
made  in  the  parish  where  he  lived  and  died— Covent 
Garden— without  eliciting  any  new  fact,  excepting  that 
the  monument  erected  to  his  memory  has  been  de- 
stroyed. 


H.  G.  BoHN. 


Yorlc  Street,  Cerent  Garden, 
April  28(ft,  1859. 


LIST  OF  THE  WOOD  CUTS 

IN  BUTLER'S  HUDIBRAS. 

DESIGNED   BY  THTIBBTOK. 

nosTETTB  ON  PEI5TED  TITLE,  engraved  by  Thompson. 

Then  did  Sir  Knight  abandon  dwelling, 
And  out  he  rode  a  colonelUng. — 
A  Squire  he  had,  whose  name  was  Ralph, 
That  in  th'  adventure  went  his  half.  1.  13,  14,  457-8. 

ElfGBATED   TITLE.      HEAD   OP   HTTDIBEAB. 

Thus  was  he  gifted  and  accouter'd,— 
His  tawny  beard  was  th'  equal  grace 
Both  of  his  wisdom  and  his  face  ; 
In  cut  and  dye  so  like  a  tile, 
A  sudden  view  it  would  beguile. 


HEAD 


PIECE,   PAST   I.      CANTO   I. 

WTien  Gospel-Trumpeter,  surrounded 
With  long-ear'd  rout,  to  battle  sounded, 
And  pulpit,  drum  ccclesiastick. 
Was  beat  with  fist,  instead  of  a  stick. 

TAIL   PIECE,    PAET   I.      CANTO    I. 

he  always  chose 

To  carry  vittle  in  his  hose, 
That  often  tempted  rats  and  mice 
The  ammunition  to  surprise. 

HEAD    PIECE,    PAET   I.      CANTO   II. 

And  wing'd  with  speed  and  fury,  6cw 
To  rescue  Knight  from  black  and  blue. 
Which  ere  he  could  achieve,  his  sconce 
The  leg  encounter"  d  twice  and  once  ; 
And  now  'twas  rais'd,  to  smite  agen, 
When  Rolpho  thrust  himself  between. 


Thompson. 

1.  237—244. 
White. 

1.  9— IX 


1.  318—321. 
Thompson. 


1.  941-94S 


viii 


EMBEIiLTSHMENTS. 

engraved  by  Branston. 


TAIL   PIECE,   PAET   I.      CANTO   II., 

Crowdero  making  doleful  face, 
Like  hermit  poor  iu  pensive  place, 
To  dungeon  they  the  wretch  commit, 
And  the  survivor  of  his  feet. 

HEAD   PIECE,   PAET   I.      CANTO   III. 

When  setting  ope  tl  c  postern  gate, 
To  take  the  field  and  sally  at, 
The  foe  appear' d,  dra\vii  up  and  drill'd, 
Eeady  to  charge  them  in  the  field. 

TAIL   PIECE,    PAET  I.      CANTO   III. 

in  a  cool  shade. 

Which  eglantine  and  roses  made ; 
Close  by  a  softly  murm'ring  stream, 
Where  lovers  us'd  to  loll  and  dream: 
There  leaving  him  to  his  repose. 


1.  1167—1170. 
Branston. 


1.  443—446. 


HEAD   PIECE,   PAET   II. 


CANTO   I. 
she  went 


To  find  the  Knight  in  limbo  pent. 
And  'twas  not  long  before  she  found 
Him,  and  his  stout  Squire,  in  the  pound. 

TAIL  PIECE,   PAET   II.      CANTO   I. 

a  tall  long-sided  dame, — 

But  wond'rous  light— ycleped  Fame, — 
Upon  her  shoidders  wings  she  wears 
Like  hanging  sleeves,  lin'd  thro'  with  ears. 

HEAD   PIECE,   PAET   II.      CANTO   II. 

With  that  he  seiz'd  upon  his  Made ; 
And  Ralpho  too,  as  quick  and  bold, 
Upon  his  basket-hilt  laid  hold. 


1.  159—163. 
Thompsoru 

1.  99—102. 
Branston. 

1.  45—60. 
Branston. 

1.  660—562. 


TAIL  PIECE,   PAET   11.      CANTO   II.  ThOTttptOn, 

quitting  both  their  swords  and  reins, 

They  grasp'd  with  all  their  strength  the  manes ; 

And,  to  avoid  the  foe's  pursuit. 

With  spurring  put  their  cattle  to't.  L  839 — 842 


EMBELLISHlTEIfTB.  •» 

a«AD  PIECE,  PAET  II.    CANTO  III.,  engraved  by  Branston. 

Hudibras,  to  all  appearing, 

Believ'd  him  to  be  dead  as  herring. 

He  held  it  now  no  longer  safe 

To  tarry  the  return  of  Ralph, 

But  rather  leave  him  in  the  lurch.  1.  1147—1161 


TAIL   PIECE,    PABT   II.      CANTO   III. 

This  Sidrophel  by  chance  esp/d, 
And  irith  amazement  staring  wide : 
Bless  us,  quoth  he,  what  dreadful  wonder 
Is  that  appears  in  heaven  yonder  ? 


BEAD 


PIECE   TO   THE   EPISTLE   TO    8IDE0PHEL. 
Sidrophel  perusing  Hudibras'  Epistle. 

TAIl  PIECE   TO   THE   EPISTLE   TO    SIDBOPHEL. 

Gimcracks,  whims,  and  jiggumhobs. 

HEAD   PIECE,    PAET   III.      CANTO   I. 

He  wonder'd  how  she  came  to  know 
■Wliat  he  had  done,  and  meant  to  do ; 
Held  up  his  affidavit  hand, 
As  if  he  'ad  been  to  be  arraign'd. 

TAIX   PIECE,    PAET    III.      CANTO   I. 

H'  attack'd  the  window,  storm'd  the  glass, 
And  in  a  moment  gain'd  the  pass ; 
Thro'  which  he  dragg'd  the  worsted  soldier's 
Four-quarters  out  by  th'  head  and  shoulders. 

HEAD    PIECE,   PAET   III.      CANTO   II. 

Knights,  citizens,  and  burgesses- 
Held  forth  by  rumps— of  pigs  and  geese.— 
Each  bonfire  is  a  funeral  pile, 
In  which  they  roast,  and  scorch,  and  broil. 


TAIL  PIECE, 


PAET   III.      CANTO    II. 

crowded  on  with  so  much  haste, 

Until  they  'd  block'd  the  passage  fast, 

And  barricado'd  it  with  haunches 

Of  outward  men,  and  bulks  and  paunches. 


White. 

1.  423-426. 
Byfield 

Byfield 

Thompson 

1.  483—486. 
Branston. 

L  1677—1680. 
Thompson. 

1.  1516—1620. 
Thompson. 

1.  1669-1672. 


EMBEIIISHMEKTS. 


HEAD  PIECE,  PAST  III.    oAtTTO  III.,    eugraved  by  Sughet. 
To  this  brave  man  the  Knight  repairs 
For  counsel  in  his  law-affairs,— 
To  whom  the  Knight,  with  comely  grace, 
Put  off  his  hat  to  put  his  case.  1.  621 628 


TAIL  PIECE,   PAET   III.      CANTO   III. 

With  books  and  money  plac'd  for  show, 
Like  nest-eggs  to  make  clients  lay. 

HEAD   PIECE   TO   THE   EPISTLE   TO   THE   LADY. 

having  pump'd  up  all  his  wit, 

And  humm'd  upon  it,  thus  he  writ. 

TAIL  PIECE   TO   THE   EPISTLE   TO   THE   LADY. 
What  tender  sigh,  and  trickling  tear, 
Longs  for  a  thousand  pounds  a  year ; 
And  languishing  transports  are  fond 
Of  statute,  mortgage,  bill,  and  bond. 

HEAD   PIECE   TO   THE   LADl's   ANSWEE. 

She  open'd  it,  and  read  it  out. 
With  many  a  smile  and  leering  flout. 

TAIL   PIECE   TO   THE   LADy's   ANSWEB. 

We  make  the  man  of  war  strike  sail. 
And  to  our  braver  conduct  veil. 
And,  when  he  's  chas'd  his  enemies. 
Submit  to  us  upon  his  knees. 

VIGNETTE   AT   PAGE   XXIV. 

The  dogs  beat  you  at  Brentford  Fair; 
Where  sturdy  butchers  broke  your  noddle. 
And  handled  you  like  a  fop-doodle. 

VIGNETTE   AT   PAGE   473. 

-the  foe  beat  up  his  quarters, 


Byfield. 
1.  624,  625. 

Byfield 
L  787,  788 

Byfield 

1.  85—88. 

Thompson. 

1.  357,  358. 

Bramton, 

1.  311-314. 
Thompson. 

Part  II.  c.  iu. 
1.  996—998. 


And  storm'd  the  outworks  of  his  fortress ; — 

Soon  as  they  had  him  at  their  mercy.  Part  III.  c.  i. 

They  put  him  to  the  cudgel  fiercely.      1,  1135-36.  1147-48 


THE  LIFE 


SAMUEL    BUTLER 


luT.  life  of  a  retired  scholar  can  furnish  hut  little  matter  to 
tlie  biographer  :  such  was  the  character  of  Mr  Samuel  But- 
ler, author  of  lludibras.  His  lather,  whose  name  was  like- 
ivise  Samuel,  had  an  estate  of  his  own  of  about  ten  pounds 
yearly,  which  still  goes  by  the  name  of  Butler's  tenement ; 
he  likewise  rented  lands  at  three  hundred  pounds  a  year 
under  Sir  William  Riissel,  lord  of  the  manor  of  Strensham, 
in  AVorcestershire.  He  was  a  respectable  farmer,  wrote  a 
clerk-like  hand,  kept  the  register,  and  mauaged  all  the  busi- 
ness of  the  parish.  From  his  landlord,  near  whose  house  he 
lived,  the  poet  imbibed  principles  of  loyalty,  as  Sir  William 
was  a  most  zealous  royalist,  and  spent  great  part  of  his  for- 
tune in  the  cause,  being  the  only  person  exempted  from  the 
benefit  of  the  treaty,  when  Worcester  surrendered  to  the 
parliament  in  the  year  1G4G.  Our  poet's  father  was  elected 
churchwarden  of  the  j)arish  the  year  before  his  son  Samuel 
was  born,  and  has  entered  his  baptism,  dated  February  8th, 
1612,  with  his  own  hand,  in  the  parish  register.  He  had  four 
sons  and  three  daughters,  born  at  Strensham  ;  the  three 
daughters  and  one  son  older  than  our  poet,  and  two  sons 
younger :  none  of  his  descendants,  however,remaiu  in  the  pa- 
rish, though  some  are  said  to  be  in  the  neighbouring  villagea. 
Our  author  received  his  first  rudiments  of  learning  at 
home ;  but  was  afterwards  sent  to  the  college  school  at 
Worcester,  then  taught  by  Mr  Henry  Bright,*  prebendary 

•  Mr  Bright  in  bnried  in  the  cithedral  church  of  'Worcester,  near  the 
north  pillar,  at  the  foot  of  the  steps  which  lead  to  the  choir.    He  waa  born 

b 


n  LIFE    or    SAMUEL    BUTLER, 

of  that  cathedral,  a  celehrated  scholar,  and  many  years  mas- 
ter of  the  King's  school  there  ;  one  who  made  his  profession 
his  delight,  and,  though  in  very  easy  circumstances,  con- 
tinued to  teach  for  the  sake  of  doing  good. 

How  long  Mr  Butler  continued  under  his  care  is  not 
known,  but,  probably,  tiU  he  was  fourteen  years  old.  There 
can  be  little  doubt  that  his  progress  was  rapid,  for  Aubrey 
tells  us  that  "  when  but  a  boy  he  would  make  observations 
and  reflections  on  everything  one  said  or  did,  and  censure  it 
to  be  either  well  or  ill;  "  and  we  are  also  informed  in  the 
Biography  of  1710  (the  basis  of  all  information  about  him), 
that  he  "  became  an  excellent  scholar."  Amongst  his  school- 
fellows was  Thomas  Hall,  well  known  as  a  controversial 
writer  on  the  Puritan  side,  and  master  of  the  free-school  at 
King's  Norton,  where  he  died;  John  Toy,  afterwards  an 
author,  and  master  of  the  school  at  Worcester;  William 
Rowland,  who  turned  Romanist,  and,  having  some  talent  for 
rhyming  satire,  wrote  lampoons  at  Paris,  under  the  title  of 
Bolundus  Palitigenius ;  and  Warmestry,  afterwards  Dean  of 
Worcester. 

1562,  appointed  schoolmaster  1586,  made  prebendary  1619,  died  1626. 
The  inscription  in  capitals,  on  a  mural  stone,  now  placed  in  what  is  calltu 
the  Bishop's  Chapel,  is  as  follows  : 

Mane  hospes  et  le^e, 

Magister  UENRICUS  BRIGHT, 

Celeberrimus  gymnasiarcha, 

Qui  scholse  regia;  istic  fundata;  per  totos  40  annos 

summa  cum  laude  pr;efuit, 

Quo  non  alter  magis  sedulus  fuit,  scitusve,  ac  dexter, 

in  Latinis  Graecis  Hebraicis  litteris, 

feliciter  edoccndis  : 

Teste  utraque  acadcmia  quam  instruxit  affatim 

numorosa  plebe  literaria ; 

Sad  et  totidem  annis  eoquo  aniplius  theologian!  professus, 

Et  hujus  ecclesise  per  septennium  canonicus  major, 

Ssepissime  hie  et  alibi  sacrum  Dei  prajconem 

magno  cum  zelo  et  tjuctu  cgit. 

Vir  plus,  doctus,  integer,  frugi,  de  republica 

deque  ecclesia  optiiiie  mcritus. 

A  laboribus  per  diu  noctuquc 

ad  1626  strenue  usque  exantlatis 

4"  Martii  suavitcr  requievit 

in  Domino. 

See  this  epitaph,  written  by  Dr  Joseph  Hall,  dean  of  'Worcester,  in 

Fuller's  Worthies,  p.  177. 


AtTTHOB   OF    HUDIBRAS.  HI 

"Whether  he  was  ever  entereil  at  any  university  ia  uncer- 
tain. His  earlv  biof;raphor  says  he  went  to  Carabricln;e,  btit 
was  never  niatrieulated  :  Wood,  on  the  authority  of  Butler's 
hrother,  savs,  tlie  poet  spent  six  or  seven  years  there  ;  but 
there  is  great  reason  to  doubt  the  truth  of  this.  Some  ex- 
])ressions  in  his  works  look  as  if  he  were  acquainted  with 
the  customs  of  Oxford,  and  amonij;  them  coursing,  which 
was  a  term  peculiar  to  that  university  (see  Part  in.  c.  ii.  v. 
12il")  ;  but  this  kind  of  knowledge  miglit  have  been  easily 
acquired  without  going  to  Oxford;  and  as  the  speculation  is 
entirelv  unsupported  by  circumstantial  proofs,  it  may  be 
safely  rejected.  Upon  "the  whole,  the  probability  is  that 
Butl<?r  never  went  to  either  of  the  Universities.  His  lather 
was  not  rich  enough  to  defray  the  expenses  of  a  collegiate 
course,  and  could  not  have  effected  it  by  any  other  means, 
there  being  at  that  time  no  exhibitions  at  the  AVorcester 
School. 

Some  time  after  Butler  had  completed  his  education,  he 
obtained,  through  the  interest  of  the  Eussels,  the  situation 
of  clerk  to  Thomas  Jeiferies,  of  Earl's  Croombe,  Esq.,  an 
active  justice  of  the  peace,  and  a  leading  man  in  the  btisi- 
ness  of  the  province.  Tliis  was  no  mean  office,  but  one  that 
required  a  knowledge  of  law  and  the  British  constitution, 
and  a  ])roper  deportment  to  men  of  every  rank  and  occupa- 
tion; besides,  in  those  times,  when  large  mansions  were  ge- 
uerallv  in  retired  situations,  every  large  family  was  a  com- 
munitv  within  itself:  the  upper  servants,  or  retainers,  being 
often  the  vounger  sons  of  gentlemen,  were  treated  as  friends, 
and  the  whole  household  dined  in  one  common  hall,  and  had 
a  lecturer  or  clerk,  who,  during  meal-times,  read  to  tliein 
some  useful  or  entertaining  book. 

Mr  .Telferies'  family  was  of  tliia  sort,  situated  in  a  retired 
part  of  the  country,  sin-rounded  by  had  roads,  the  master  of 
it  rcsiiiing  constantly  in  Worcestershire.  Here  Mr  Butler, 
having  leisure  to  iiululge  his  inclination  for  learning,  pro 
bably  improved  him,self  very  much,  not  only  in  the  ab- 
struser  branches  of  it,  but  in  the  polite  arts:  and  here  he 
studied  painting.  "  Our  Hogarth  of  Poetry,"  says  Walpole, 
"was  a  ])ainter  too  ;"  and,  according  to  Aubrey,  his  love  ot 
the  pen<-il  introduced  him  to  the  friendship  of  that  prince  of 
painters,  Samuel  Cooper.    But  his  proficiency  seems  to  have 

b2 


/  LIFE    or    SAMUEL    BUTLEB, 

been  but  moderate,  for  Mr  Nasb  tells  us  that  he  recolleeta 
"  seeing  at  Earl's  Croombe,  some  portraits  said  to  be  painted 
by  him,  which  did  him  no  great  honour  as  an  artist,  and 
were  consequently  used  to  stop  up  windows."  *  He  heard 
also  of  a  portrait  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  said  to  be  painted  by 
hiin. 

After  continuing  some  time  at  Earl's  Croombe,  how  long 
is  not  exactly  known,  he  quitted  it  for  a  more  agreeable 
situation  in  the  household  of  Elizabeth  Countess  of  Kent, 
who  lived  at  Wrest,  in  Bedfordshire.  He  seems  to  have 
been  attached  to  her  service,t  as  one  of  her  gentlemen,  to 
whom  she  is  said  to  have  paid  £20  a  year  each.  The  time 
when  he  entered  upon  this  situation,  which  Aubrey  says  he 
held  for  several  years,  may  be  determined  with  some  degree 
of  accuracy  by  the  fact  that  he  found  Selden  there,  and  was 
frequently  engaged  by  him  in  writing  letters  and  making 
translations.  It  was  in  June,  1628,  after  the  prorogation  of 
the  third  parliament  of  Charles  I.,  that  Selden,  wlio  sat  in 
the  House  of  Commons  for  Lancaster,  retired  to  Wrest  for 
the  purpose  of  completing,  with  the  advantages  of  quiet  and 
an  extensive  library,  his  labours  on  the  Marmora  Arundel- 
liana ;  and  we  may  presume  that  it  was  during  the  interval 
of  the  parliamentary  recess,  while  Selden  was  thus  occupied, 
that  Butler,  then  in  his  seventeenth  year,  entered  her  service. 
Here  he  enjoyed  a  literary  retreat  during  great  part  of  the 
civil  wars,  and  here  probably  laid  the  groundwork  of  his  Hu- 
dibras,  as,  besides  the  society  of  that  living  library,  Selden, 
he  had  the  benefit  of  a  good  collection  of  books.     He  lived 

*  III  his  MS.  common-place  book  is  the  following  observation  : 
"  It  is  more  difficult,  and  requires  a  greater  mastery  of  art  in  painting,  to 
foreshorten  a  figure  exactly,  than  to  draw  three  at  their  just  length  ;  so  it 
is,  in  writing,  to  express  anything  naturally  and  briefly,  than  to  enlarge 
and  dilate : 

And  therefore  a  judicious  author's  blots 

Are  more  ingenious  than  his  first  free  thoughts." 

t  The  Countess  is  described  by  the  early  biographer  of  Butler  as  "  a 
great  encourager  of  learning."  After  the  death  of  the  Earl  of  Kent  in 
1639  Selden  is  said  to  have  been  domesticated  with  her  at  "Wrest,  and  in 
her  town  house  in  White  Friars.  Aubrey  affirms  that  he  was  married  to 
her,  but  that  ne  never  acknowledged  the  marriage  till  after  her  death,  on 
account  of  some  law  affairs.  The  Countess  died  in  16.51,  and  appointei] 
Selden  her  executor,  leaving  him  her  house  in  White  Friars. 


ACTIIOR    OF    IIUDIIIKAS.  T 

subsequoiitly  in  the  service  of  Sir  Samuel  Luke,  of  Cople 
Hoo  fariu.  or  Wood  End,  in  that  county,  and  his  biographers 
are  generally  of  opinion  (hat  fi"oni  him  he  drew  the  charac- 
ter of  lludibras:*  but  there  is  no  actual  evidence  of  this, 
and  sucli  a  prototype  was  not  rare  in  those  times.  Sir 
Samuel  Luke  lived  at  "Wood  End,  or  Cople  Hoo  farm.  Cople 
is  tiiree  miles  south  of  Bedford,  and  in  its  church  are  still  to 
be  seen  n\any  monuments  of  the  Luke  family,  who  flourished 
in  that  part  of  the  country  as  early  as  the  reign  of  lleniy 
A'llL  He  was  knighted  in  1024,  was  a  rigid  Presbyterian, 
high  in  the  favour  of  Cromwell :  a  colonel  in  the  army  of 
the  parliament,  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  Bedford  and  Sur- 
rey, scoutmaster-general  for  Bedfordshire,  which  he  repre- 
sented in  the  Long  Parliament,  and  governor  of  Newport 
Pagnell.  He  possessed  ample  estates  in  Bedfordshire  and 
Northamptonshire,  and  devoted  his  fortune  to  the  promotion 
of  the  popular  cause.  His  house  was  the  open  resort  of  the 
Puritans,  whose  frequent  meetings  for  the  purposes  of  coun- 
sel, prayer,  and  preparation  for  the  field,  afforded  Butler  an  op- 
portunity of  observing,  under  all  their  phases  of  inspiration 
and  action,  the  characters  of  the  men  whose  influence  was 
working  a  revolution  in  the  country.  But  Sir  Samuel  did  not 
approve  of  the  king's  trial  and  execution,  and  tiierefore,  with 
other  Presbyterians,  both  lie  and  his  father,  Sir  Oliver,  were 
among  the  secluded  nu'iubers.  It  has  been  genei-ally  supposeil 
that  tiie  scenes  Butler  witnessed  on  tliese  occasions  sug- 
gested to  him  the  subject  of  his  great  poem.  That  it  was  at 
this  jieriod  he  threw  into  sliapc  s(uue  of  the  striking  points 
of  Jlitililiras!,  is  extrenu'ly  prol)ai)le.  He  kept  a  counuon- 
place  book,  in  which  he  was  in  the  habit  of  noting  down 
particular  tho\ights  anil  fugitive  criticisms ;  and  INIr  Thyer, 
the  editor  of  iiis  7?chi«ih,<,  wiu)  had  this  book  in  his  posses- 
sion, says  that  it  was  full  of  shrewd  remarks,  paradoxes,  and 
wittv  sarcasms. 

The  first  part  of  Hudibras  came  out  at  the  end  of  the 
vcar  UiC2,  and  its  popularity  was  so  great,  that  it  was  pirated 
almost  as  soon  as  it  appeared. t     In  the  jNIercurius  Auliciis, 

•  Sec  notes  at  paj^c  4. 

t  The  first  p.irt  was  ready  Xovcmber  lllh,  1GG2,  when  the  niithnr  ob- 
tained an  imprimatur,  signeil  J.  licrktnhcad ;  hut  the  date  of  thr  title  is 
1663,  aud  Sir  Itojjer  I,' Estrange  granted  an  imprimatur  lor  the  second 
pnrt,  dated  Norembcr  dtb,  1663. 


Tl  lirE    or    SAMUEL    BTJTLEB, 

a  ministerial  newspaper,  from  Jauuary  Ist  to  JaDuar^-  8th, 
1(362  (1663  N.  S.),  quarto,  is  an  advertisement  saying,  that 
"  there  is  stolen  abroad  a  most  false  and  imperfect  copy  of  a 
poem  called  Hudibras,  without  name  either  of  printer  or 
bookseller ;  the  true  and  perfect  edition,  printed  by  the 
author's  original,  is  sold  by  liichard  Marriot,  near  St  Dun- 
stan's  Church,  in  Tleet-street ;  that  other  nameless  impj-es- 
sion  is  a  cheat,  and  will  but  abuse  the  buyer,  as  well  as  the 
author,  whose  poem  deserves  to  have  fallen  into  better 
hands."  After  several  other  editions  had  followed,  the  first 
and  second  parts,  icith  notes  to  both  parts,  were  printed  for 
J.  Martin  and  H.  Herringham,  octavo,  167-1.  The  last  edi- 
tion of  the  third  part,  before  the  author's  death,  was  published 
by  the  same  persons  in  1678  :  this  must  be  the  last  cor- 
rected by  himself,  and  is  that  from  which  subsequent  edi- 
tions are  generally  printed  ;  the  third  part  had  no  notes 
put  to  it  during  the  author's  life,  and  who  furnished  them 
(in  1710)  after  his  death  is  not  known. 

In  the  British  Museum  is  the  original  injunction  by  au- 
thority, signed  John  Berkenhead,  forbidding  any  printer  or 
other  person  whatsoever,  to  print  Hudibras,  or  any  part 
thereof,  without  the  consent  or  approbation  of  Samuel  Butler 
(or  Boteler),  Esq.  or  his  assignees,  given  at  Whitehall,  10th 
September,  1677  :  copy  of  this  injunction  is  given  in  the 
note.* 

The  reception  of  Hudibras  at  Court  is  probably  without 
a  parallel  in  the  history  of  books.  The  king  was  so  enchant- 
ed with  it  that  he  carried  it  about  in  his  pocket,  and  per- 
petually garnished  his  conversation  with  specimens  of  its 
witty  passages,  which,  thus  stamped  by  royal  approbation, 
passed  rapidly  into  general  currency.     Nor  was  his  Majesty 

*  CHARLES  R.  Our  will  and  pleasure  is,  and  we  do  hereby  strictly 
charge  and  commaud,  that  no  printer,  bookseller,  stationer,  or  other  person 
whatsoever  within  our  kingdom  of  England  or  Ireland,  do  print,  reprint, 
utter  or  sell,  or  cause  to  be  printed,  reprinted,  uttered  or  sold,  a  book  or 
poem  called  Hiidibk.\s,  or  any  part  thereof,  without  the  consent  and  ap- 
probation of  Samuel  Boteler,  Esq.  or  his  assignees,  as  they  and  every  of 
them  will  answer  the  contrary  at  their  perils.  Given  at  our  Court  at 
Whitehall,  the  tenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  God  1G77, 
and  in  the  29th  year  of  our  reign.     By  his  Wa'jestv's  command, 

Jo.  BEKKENHEAD. 
AJiacel.  Papers,  Mns.   Brit.  Bibl.  Birch,  No.  4293. 


AUTHOR    OF    UUDIBEAS.  'Vll 

eontent  with  merely  ([uotiiii;  Butler;  in  an  aeeess  of  enthu- 
siasm he  sent  for  hiin,  that  he  nii^ht  gratify  his  curiosity  by 
the  slight  of  a  poet  who  iiad  eontributed  so  largely  to  his 
amusement.  The  Lord  Chancellor  Hyde  showered  promises 
of  patronai;e  upon  him,  and  hung  up  his  portrait  in  his 
library*  Every  (lerson  about  the  Court  considered  it  his 
duty  to  make  himself  familiar  with  liudihras.  It  was  mint- 
ed into  jiroverbs  and  bon  mots.  No  book  was  so  much  read. 
No  book  was  so  much  cited.  Vvorn  the  palace  it  found  its 
way  at  once  into  the  chocolate-houses  and  taverns  ;  and  at- 
taiiied  a  rapid  popularity  all  over  the  kingdom. 

Lord  Dorset  was  so  much  struck  by  its  extraordinary  merit 
that  he  desired  to  be  introd\iced  to  the  author.  "  His  lord- 
ship," according  to  this  curious  anecdote,  "  having  a  great  de- 
sire to  spend  an  evening  as  a  private  gentleman  with  the 
author  of  Hia/ihras;  prevailed  with  Mr  Fleetwood  Shepherd 
to  introduce  him  into  liis  company  at  a  tavern  which  they  used, 
in  the  character  only  of  a  common  friend  ;  this  being  done,  Mr 
Butler,  while  the  first  bottle  was  drinking,  appeared  very  flat 
and  heavy ;  at  the  second  bottle  brisk  and  li\  ely,  full  of  wit 
and  learning,  and  a  most  agreeable  companion  ;  but  before 
the  third  bottle  was  fmished,  he  sunk  again  into  such  deep 
stupidity  and  dulness,  that  hardly  anybody  would  have  be- 
lieved h'im  to  be  the  author  of  abook  which  abounded  with- 
80  much  wit,  learning,  and  pleasantry.  Next  morning,  Mr 
Shepherd  asked  his  lordship's  opinion  of  Butler,  who  answer- 
ed, '  He  is  like  a  niue-pin,  little  at  both  ends,  but  great  in 
the  middle.'  " 

Pejivs  gives  us  a  curious  illustration  of  the  sudden  and  ex- 
traordinary success  of  Sudibras,  and  the  excitement  it  occa- 
Bioned  in  the  reading  world.  See  Memoirs,  (Bohn's  edit.) 
vol.  i.  p.  364,  380  ;  vol.  ii.  p.  (58,  72. 

•  Aubrey  says,  "  Butler  printed  a  w-itty  poem  called  JTttdibran,  which 
took  eitrcinclv,  so  that  the  King  and  Lord  Chancellor  Hyde  would  have 
him  sent  for. '  They  hoth  promised  him  fjrcat  matters,  hut  to  tliis  day  he 
has  got  no  employment."  Evklys,  writing  to  IVpys  in  August,  1G89,  speaks 
of  Butler's  portrait  as  being  hung  in  the  Ohancellor'.^  dining-room;  "  and, 
what  w;i3  most  ngrcc.ahlc  to  his  lordship's  general  humour,  old  Chaucer, 
Shakspoare,  licaumont  and  Fletcher,  who  were  hoth  ill  one  piece,  Spenser, 
Mr  Waller,  Cowicy,  liudihras,  which  hist  was  placed  in  the  room  wlierc  he 
nscd  to  cat  and  dine  in  jiuhlic,  most  of  which,  if  not  all,  are  at  Cornbury, 
in  Uxfordshiro.' ' 


VIll  LIFE    OF    SAMUEL    BUTLEE, 


It  was  natural  to  suppose,  that  after  the  Eestoratiou,  and 
the  publication  of  his  Hudibras,  our  poet  should  have  ap- 
peared in  public  life,  and  have  been  rewarded  for  the  emi- 
nent  service  which  his  poem,  by  giving  new  popularity  to 
the  Cavalier  party,  and  covering  their  enemies  with  derision 
and  contempt,  did  to  the  royal  cause.  "Every  eye,"  says  Dr 
Johnson,  "  watched  for  the  golden  shower  which  was  to  fall 
upon  its  author,  who  certainly  was  not  without  his  part  in 
the  general  expectation."     But  his  innate  modesty,  and  stu- 
dious turn  of  mind,  prevented  solicitations :  never  having 
tasted  the   idle  luxuries  of  life,  he  did  not  make  for  himseS 
needless  wants,  or  pine  after  imaginary  pleasures  :  his  for- 
tune, indeed,  was  small,  and  so  was  his  ambition  ;  his  inte- 
grity of  life,  and  modest  temper,  rendered  him  contented. 
There  is  good  authority  for  believing,  however,  that  at  one 
time  he  was  gratified  with  an  order  on  the  treasury  for  300Z. 
which  is  said  to  have  passed  all  the  offices  without  payment 
of  fees,  and  this  gave  him  an  opportunity  of  displaying  his 
disinterested  integrity,  by  conveying  the  entire  sum  imme- 
diately to  a  friend,  in  trust  for  the  use  of  his  creditors.     Dr 
Zachary   Pearce,   on  the  authority  of  Mr   Lowndes  of  the 
treasury,  asserts,  that  Mr  Butler  received  from  Charles  the 
Second  an  antuial  pension  of  lOOZ. ;  add  to  this,  he  was  ap- 
pointed secretary  to  the  Earl  of  Carberry,  then  lord  presi- 
dent of  the  principality  of  Wales,  and  soon  after  steward  of 
Ludlow  castle,*  an    office  which  he  seems  to  have  held  in 
1661  and   1662,  but  possibly   earlier  and  later.     AVith  all 
this,  the  Court  was  thought  to  have  been  guilty  of  a  glariu" 
neglect  in  his  case,  and  the  public  were  scandalized  at  its 
ingratitude.     The  indigent  poets,  who  have  always  claimed 
a  prescriptive  right  to  live  ou  the  munificence  of  "their  con- 
temporaries, were  the  loudest  in  their  remonstrances.     Dry- 
den,  Oldham,  and   Otway,  while   in  appearance   they  com- 
plained of  the  unrewarded  merits  of  our  author,  obliquely 
lamented  their  private  and  particular  grievances.    Nash  sav's 
that  Mr  Butler's  own  sense  of  the  disappointment,  and  the 
impression  it  made  on  his  spirits,  are  sufficiently  marked  bv 
the  circumstance  of  his   having  twice  transcribed  the  fol- 
lowing distich  with  some  variation  in  his  MS.  common-place 
book: 

*  It  was  at  Ludlow  Castie  that  Milton's  Comus  waa  first  acted. 


ATJTUOR    OF    HUDIBBAS.  iX 

To  think  how  Spenser  died,  how  Cowley  mourn' d, 
How  liiitler's  faith  and  service  were  return'd. 

In  tlie  same  MS.  he  says,  "  Wit  is  very  chargeable,  and  not 
to  be  maintained  in  its  necessary  exjienses  at  an  ordinary 
rate  :  it  is  the  worst  trade  in  the  world  to  live  upon,  and  a 
commodity  that  no  man  thinks  he  has  need  of",  I'or  those  who 
have  least  believe  they  have  most." 

Ingenuity  and  wit 


Do  only  make  the  owners  fit 
For  nothinij,  hut  to  be  undone 
Sluch  easier  than  if  th'  had  none. 

But  a  recent  bioEfrapher  controverts  this,  and  takes  a  more 
probable  view  of  it:  he  says,  "The  assumption  of  Butler's 
poverty  appears  utterly  unfounded.  Though  not  wealthy, 
he  seems,  as  far  as  we  can  judge,  to  have  always  lived  in  com- 
fort, and  we  know  from  the  statement  of  Mr  Longueville 
that  he  died  out  of  debt.     Butler  was  not  one  of  those 

'WTio  hoped  to  make  their  fortune  by  the  great ; 

and  though  no  doubt  he  might  have  felt  he  had  not  been 
rewarded  according  to  his  deserts  by  his  party,  he  was 
not  entirely  neglected.  He  had  received  a  large  share 
of  popular  applause,  and  was  probably  prouder  of  that, 
aiul  of  the  power  of  castigating  the  iullics  and  vices  of 
niankiiul,  even  when  displayed  l)y  those  of  his  own  party, 
than  of  being  a  more  highly  pensioned  dependant  of  a  Court 
that  his  writings  show  he  despised.  He  was  no  'needy 
wreti-h  '  in  want  of  bread  or  a  dinner  ;  his  earliest  bio- 
grapher gives  no  hint  of  his  distre.-^s;  he  enjoyed  ti-iends 
of  his  own  selection,  and  tiie  injunction  designates  liiiu  as 
'es((nire,'  a  title  not  altogether  so  indiscriminately  a|<|ilied 
as  at  the  present  time.  The  only  foundaiiou  for  the  a.sser- 
tion  of  his  poverty  consists  m  his  having  copied  twice,  in  his 
common-place  book,  a  distich  from  the  prologue  to  the  tra- 
gedy of  Constantine  the  Great,  said  to  have  been  written  by 
Otway,  though  it  was  not  acted  till  IGHt,  four  years  alter 
Butler's  death.  It  is  supposed  he  might  have  seen  the  MS., 
or  ])erha|)s  only  heard  the  thought,  as  his  coi)ies  vary 
from  each  other  and  from  the  lines  as  they  ultimately  ap- 
peared.    It  was,  however,  long  the   fashion  to  comi)lain  ol 


X  LIFE    OF    SAMUEL    BUTLEB, 

tlie  scanty  reward  bestowed  on  literary  pursuits  ;  yet  we  are 
inclined  to  think,  though  authors  had  then  a  less  certain 
support  in  the  patronage  of  a  few  than  now  when  they  ap- 
peal to  a  numerous  public,  that  the  improvidence  of  the  in- 
dividual was  more  to  blame  than  the  niggardliness  of  the 
patrons,  and  of  this  improvidence  there  does  not  appear  to  be 
the  slightest  ground  for  accusing  Butler." 

Mr  Butler  spent  some  time  in  I'rauce,  it  is  supposed 
when  Lewis  XIV.  was  in  the  height  of  his  glory  and  vanity, 
but  neither  the  language  nor  manners  of  Paris  were 
pleasing  to  our  modest  poet.  As  some  of  his  observa- 
tions are  amusing,  they  are   inserted  in  a  note.*     About 

*  "  The  Frencli  use  so  many  words,  upon  all  occiisions,  that  if  they 
did  not  cut  them  short  in  pronuuciation,  they  would  grow  tedious,  and  in- 
sufferable. 

"  They  infinitely  affect  rhyme,  though  it  becomes  their  language  the 
worst  in  the  world,  and  spoils  the  little  sense  they  have  to  make  room  for 
it,  and  make  the  same  syllable  rhyme  to  itself,  which  is  worse  than  metal 
upon  metal  in  heraldry :  they  find  it  much  easier  to  write  plays  in  verse 
than  in  prose,  for  it  is  much  harder  to  imitate  nature,  than  any  deviation 
from  her  ;  and  prose  requires  a  more  proper  and  natural  sense  and  expres- 
sion than  verse,  that  has  something  in  the  stamp  and  coin  to  answer  for  the 
alloy  and  want  of  intrinsic  value.  I  never  came  among  them,  but  the  fol- 
lowing line  was  in  my  mind  : 

Raucaque  garrulitas,  studiumque  inane  loquendi ; 
for  they  talk  so  much,  they  have  not  time  to  think ;  and  if  they  had  all  the 
wit  in  the  world,  their  tongues  would  run  before  it. 

"  The  present  king  of  France  is  building  a  most  stately  triumphal  arch 
in  memory  of  his  victories,  and  the  great  actions  which  he  has  performed  ; 
but,  if  I  am  not  mistaken,  those  edifices  which  bear  that  name  at  Rome 
were  not  raised  by  the  emperors  whose  names  they  bear  (such  as  Trajan, 
Titus,  &c.),  but  were  decreed  by  the  Senate,  and  built  at  the  expense  of 
the  public ;  for  that  glory  is  lost  which  any  man  designs  to  consecrate  to 
himself 

"The  king  takes  a  very  good  course  to  weaken  the  city  of  Paris  by 
adorning  of  it,  and  to  render  it  less  by  making  it  appear  greater  and  more 
glorious ;  for  he  pulls  down  whole  streets  to  make  room  for  his  palaces  and 
public  structures. 

"  There  is  nothing  great  or  magnificent  in  all  the  country,  that  I  have 
seen,  but  the  buildings  and  furniture  of  the  king's  houses  and  the  churches ; 
all  the  rest  is  mean  and  paltry. 

"  The  king  is  necessitated  to  lay  heavy  taxes  upon  his  subjects  in  his 
own  defence,  and  to  keep  them  poor  in  order  to  keep  them  quiet ;  for  il 
they  are  suffered  to  enjoy  any  phnty,  they  are  naturally  so  insolent,  that 
they  would  become  ungovernable,  and  use  him  as  they  have  done  his  pre- 
decessors :  but  he  has  rendered  himself  so  strong,  that  they  have  uo 
thoughts  of  attempting  anything  in  his  time. 


AUTHOE   or   HUDIBBA8  XI 

this  time,  he  mavrieil  INIrs  Herbert,  a  lady  reputed  to  be  of 
good  family,  but  whether  she  was  a  widow,  or  not,  >8  uucer- 
taiii,  as  tiie  evidence  is  conrtii'tiny;.  With  her  he  expected  a 
considerable  fortune,  but,  through  the  t;reater  part  of  it 
having  been  put  out  ou  bad  security,  and  other  losses,  occa- 
sioned, it  is  said,  by  knavery,  it  was  of  hut  little  advantage 
to  iiim.  To  this  some  have  attributed  his  severe  strictures 
upon  the  jirofessors  of  the  law ;  but.  if  Ids  censures  be  pro- 
]ierly  considered,  they  will  be  found  to  bear  hard  only  upon 
the  disgraceful  part  of  the  profession,  and  upon  false  learn- 
ing in  general. 

How  long  he  continued  in  office,  as  steward  of  Ludlow  Cas- 
tle, is  not  known,  but  there  is  no  evidence  of  his  having  ex- 
ercised it  after  10G2.  Anthony  a  Wood,  on  the  authority  of 
Aubrey,  says  that  he  became  secretary  to  Villiers,  Duke  of 
Buckingham,  when  he  was  Chancellor  of  Cambridge,  but  this 
is  doubted  by  Grey,  who  nevertheless  allows  the  Duke  to 
liave  been  his  frequent  benefactor.  That  both  these  asser- 
tions are  false  tliere  is  reason  to  suspect  from  a  story  told  by 
I'acke  in  his  Life  of  Wycherley,  as  well  as  from  Butler's 
character  of  the  Duke,  w  hich  will  be  found  on  next  page.  The 
Btory  is  this  :  "  Mr  Wycherley  had  always  laid  hold  of  any 
opportunity  which  offered  of  representing  to  the  Duke  of 
Buckingham  how  well  !Mr  Butler  had  deserved  of  the  roj'al 
f'amil\-  by  writing  his  inimitable  Iludibras ;  and  that  it  was  a 
rejiroach  to  the  Court,  that  a  person  of  ids  loyalty  and  wit 
should  sull'cr  in  obscurity  and  want.  The  Duke  seemed 
ahvavs  to  listen  to  him  with  attention  enough ;  and  after 
some  t::-.-.c  undertook  to  recommend  his  pretensions  to  his 
^lajesty.  ^Ir  Wycherley,  in  hopes  to  keep  him  steady 
to  his 'word,  obtained  of  his  Grace  to  name  a  day  when 
he  miirht  introduce  that  modest  and  unfortunate  poet  to 

"  The  rhurchnirn  ovorlook  all  other  people  as  haughtily  as  the  churches 
and  sticples  do  private  hi>uses. 

"The  French  do  nothincr  without  ostentation,  and  the  kin;;  himself  is 
not  behind  with  his  triumphal  arches  consecrated  to  himself,  and  his  im- 
press of  the  sun,  nee  plnrihus  impar. 

"  The  French  kin?,  having;  cc.pies  of  the  host  pictures  from  Rome,  is  as  a 
preat  prince  wenrin?  clothes  nt  second-hand :  the  king  in  his  prodigious 
charge  of  buildings  and  furniture  does  the  same  thini;  to  himself  tb.at  he 
means  to  do  by  Paris,  renders  himself  weaker  bv  endeavouring  to  appeal 
the  more  magnificent ;  lets  go  the  substance  for  tlie  sliadow." 


XU  LIFE   OF   SAMtJEL   BUTLEE, 

his  new  patron.  At  last,  an  appointment  was  made,  and 
the  place  of  meeting  was  agreed  to  be  the  Roebuck.  JNIr 
Butler  and  his  friend  attended  accordingly  :  the  Duke  join- 
ed them  ;  but  as  the  devil  would  have  it,  the  door  ot  the 
room  where  they  sat  was  open,  and  his  Grace,  who  had  seat- 
ed himself  near  it,  observing  a  pimp  of  his  acquaintance  (the 
creature  too  was  a  knight)  trip  along  with  a  brace  of  ladies, 
immediately  quitted  his  engagement,  to  follow  another  kind 
of  business,  at  which  he  was  more  ready  than  in  doing  good 
offices  to  those  of  desert,  though  no  one  was  better  qualified 
than  he  was,  both  iu  regard  to  his  fortune  and  understand- 
ing. From  that  time  to  the  day  of  his  death,  poor  Butler 
never  found  the  least  effect  of  his  promise."  The  character 
drawn  by  the  poet  of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  which  we 
annex  in  a  note,*  will  be  conclusive  that  he  was  not  likely 
to  have  received  any  favour  at  his  hands. 

*  "  A  Duke  of  Bucks  is  one  that  has  studied  the  whole  hody  of  vice.  His 
parts  are  disproportionate,  ,ind,  like  a  monster,  he  has  more  of  some 
and  less  of  others  than  he  should  have.  He  has  pulled  down  all  that 
fahric  which  nature  raised  to  him,  and  huilt  himself  up  again  after  a 
model  of  his  own.  He  has  d.animed  up  all  those  lights  that  nature  made 
into  the  noblest  prospects  of  tlio  world,  and  opened  other  little  blind  loop- 
holes backwards,  by  turning  day  into  night,  and  night  into  day.  His  ap- 
petite to  his  pleasures  is  diseased  and  crazy,  like  the  pica  in  a  woman,  that 
longs  to  eat  what  was  never  made  for  food,  or  a  girl  in  the  green  sick- 
ness, that  eats  chalk  and  mortar.  Perpetual  surfeits  of  pleasure  have  filled 
his  mind  with  bad  and  vicious  humours  (as  well  as  his  body  with  a  nursery 
of  diseases),  which  makes  him  affect  new  and  extravagant  ways,  as  being 
tired  and  sick  of  the  old.  Continual  wine,  women,  and  music  put  false 
values  up(ni  things,  which  by  custom  become  habitual,  and  debauch  his  un- 
derstanding, so  timt  lie  retains  no  right  notion  nor  sense  of  things.  And  as 
the  same  dose  of  the  same  physic  has  no  operation  on  those  that  are  much 
used  to  it,  so  his  pleasures  require  a  larger  proportion  of  excess  and  variety 
to  render  him  sensible  of  them.  He  rises,  eats,  and  goes  to  bed  by  the  .Tu- 
lian  account,  long  after  all  others  that  go  hy  the  new  style  ;  and  keeps  the 
same  hours  witli  owls  and  the  antipodes.  He  is  a  great  observer  of  the 
Tartars'  customs,  and  never  eats  till  the  great  Cham,  liaving  dined,  makes 
proclamation  that  all  the  world  may  go  to  dinner.  He  docs  not  dwell  in 
his  house,  but  haunt  it,  like  an  evil  spirit  that  walks  all  night  to  disturb 
the  family,  and  never  appears  by  day.  He  lives  perpetually  benighted, 
runs  out  of  his  life,  and  loses  his  time,  as  meu  do  their  ways,  in  the  dark ; 
and  as  blind  men  are  led  by  their  dogs,  so  he  is  governed  hy  some  nieac 
servant  or  other  that  relates  to  him  his  pleasures.  He  is  as  inconstant  as 
the  moon,  wliich  he  lives  under ;  and,  although  he  does  nothing  but  advise 
with  his  pillow  all  day,  he  is  as  great  a  stranger  to  himself  as  he  is  to  the 
rest  of  the  world.     His  mind  entertains  all  things  very  freely,  tliat  come 


AUTHOR   OF   HUDIBBA8.  xiii 

Notwithatandinfi;  discouragement  and  neglect,  Butler  still 

firosecuted  his  design,  and  in  1G78,  after  an  interval  of  near- 
y  15_veare.  publislied  the  third  part  of  his  Hudibras,  which 
closes  the  poem  somewhat  abruptly.  AVith  this  came  out  the 
Epistle  to  the  Lady,  and  the  Lattifs  Ansiver.  How  much  more 
he  originally  intended,  and  with  what  events  tlie  action  was 
to  be  concluded,  it  is  vain  to  conjecture.  After  this  period, 
we  hear  nothing  of  him  till  his  death  at  the  age  of  68,  which 
took  place  on  the  2.jth  of  November,  1680,  in  Rose  Street,* 
Covent  Garden,  where  he  had  for  some  years  resided.  He 
was  buried  at  the  expense  of  Mr  William  Longueville,  though 
he  did  not  die  in  debt.  This  gentleman,  with  other  of  bis 
friends,  wished  to  have  him  interred  in  Westminster  Abbey 
with  proper  solemnity  ;  but  endeavoured  in  vain  to  obtain  a 
sufficient  subscription  for  that  purpose.  His  corpse  was  de- 
posited privately  sis  feet  deep,  according  to  his  own  request, 
in  tiie  yard  belonging  to  the  church  of  Saint  Paul's,  Covent 
Garden,  at  the  west  end  of  it,  ou  the  north  side,  under  the 
wall  of  the  church,  and  under  that  wall  which  parts  the  yard 
from  the  common  higliway.  The  burial  service  was  performed 
by  the  learned  Dr  Patrick,  theu  minister  of  the  parish,  and 
afterwards  Bishop  of  Ely.  1\\  the  year  178G,  when  the 
church  was  repaired,  a  marble  monument  was  placed  ou  the 
south  side  of  the  church  on  the  inside,t  by  some  of  the  parish- 
ioners, whose  ze.ll  for  the  memory  of  the  learned  poet  does 
them  honour :  but  the  writer  of  the  verses  seems  to  have 

r»::d  gn;  hut,  like  Riiests  and  strangers,  tliey  are  not  welcome  if  they  stay 
long.  This  lays  him  open  to  all  cheats,  quacks,  anil  impostors,  -nho  apply 
to  every  particular  humour  while  it  lasts,  and  afterwards  vanish.  Thus 
with  St  Paul,  though  in  a  different  sense,  he  dies  daily,  and  only  lives  in 
the  niuht.  lie  deforms  nature,  wliilc  he  intends  to  adorn  her,  like  Indians 
that  hanj  iewels  in  their  lips  and  noses.  His  ears  are  perpetually  drilled 
with  a  fidiUestiek.  lie  endures  pleasures  with  less  patience  than  other 
men  do  pains." 

•  A  narrow  and  now  rather  ohscure  street,  which  runs  circuitously  from 
Kin^  Street,  Covent  Oanlen,  to  Long  Acre.  The  site  of  the  houso,is  not 
now  known  Curll  the  honksi  Her  earned  on  his  husiness  here  at  the  same 
time,  and  Dryden  lived  within  a  stone's  throw  in  Long  .\cre,  "  over  against 
Rose  Street." 

+  This  monument  was  a  tahlet,  which  of  l.ite  years  was  affixed  under  th« 
vcstrv-rnom  window  in  that  part  of  the  rhurch-yard  where  his  hody  is  sup- 
posed to  lie.  In  18.54,  when  the  church-yard  was  closed  against  furthei 
nuriids,  the  tablet,  then  in  a  dilapidated  condition,  was  carted  away  witt 
other  debris. 


XIV  LIFE     JF    SAMUEL    BUTLEE, 

mistaken  the  character  of  Mr  Butler.      The  iDScription  runs 
thus  : 

"  This  little  monument  was  erected  in  the  year  178G,  by 
some  of  the  parishioners  of  Covent  G-arden,  in  memory  of 
the  celebrated  Samuel  Butler,  who  was  buried  in  this  church, 
A.  D.  16S0. 

A  few  plain  men,  to  pomp  and  state  unknown, 

O'er  a  poor  bard  have  rais'd  this  humble  stone, 

Whose  wants  alone  his  genius  could  sui'pass, 

Victim  of  zeal !  the  matchless  Hudibras! 

What  though  fair  freedom  sulfer'd  in  his  page, 

Reader,  forgive  the  author  for  the  age  ! 

How  few,  alas !  disdain  to  cringe  and  cant, 

When  'tis  the  mode  to  play  the  sycophant. 

But,  oh !  let  all  be  taught,  from  Butler's  fate, 

Who  hope  to  make  their  fortunes  by  the  great, 

That  wit  and  pride  are  always  dangerous  things, 

And  little  faith  is  due  to  courts  and  kings." 

Forty  years  after  his  burial  at  Covent  G-arden,  that  ia,  iu 
1721,  John  Barber,  an  eminent  printer,  and  Lord  Mayor  of 
London,  erected  a  monument  to  his  memory  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  with  the  following  inscription  : 

M.  S. 
Samuelis  Butler 
Qui  Strenshamiffi  in  agro  Vigorn.  natus  1612, 
Ohiit  Lond.  1680. 
Vir  doctus  imprimis,  acer,  integer, 
Operibus  ingenii  non  item  prjemiis  felix. 
Satyrici  apud  nos  carminis  artifex  cgregius, 
Qui  simulat;B  religionis  larvam  detraxit 
Et  perduuUium  scelera  libcrrime  exagitavit, 
Scriptorum  in  suo  geuere  primus  et  postremus. 
Ne  cui  vivo  deerant  fere  omnia 
Deesset  etiam  mortuo  tumulus 
Hoc  tandem  posito  marmore  curavit 
Johannes  Barber  civis  Londinensis  1721.* 

•  Translation.  —  Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Samuel  Butler,  who  was 
born  at  Strenshara,  in  Worcestershire,  in  1612,  and  died  in  London, 
in  1680,  —  a  man  of  great  learning,  acuteness,  and  integrity;  happy 
in  the  productions  of  his  intellect,  not  so  in  the  remuneration  of  them ; 
a  super-eminent  master  of  satirical  poetry,  by  which  he  lifted  the  mask  ot 
hypocrisy,  and  boldly  exposed  the  crimes  of  faction.  As  a  writer,  he  was 
the  first  and  last  in  his  peculiar  style.  John  Barber,  a  citizen  of  London,  in 
1721,  by  at  length  erecting  this'  marble,  took  care  that  he,  who  wanted 
almost  everything  when  alive,  might  not  also  want  a  tomb  when  dead.  For 
an  Engraving  of  the  Monument,  see  Dart's  Westminster  Abbey,  voL  i.  plate  3. 


AtTTHOR   OF   HTJDIBBA8.  XV 

On  the  latter  part  of  this  epitaph  the  ingenious  Mr  Samuel 
Wesley  wrote  the  followiug  Hues; 

AVliile  Butler,  needy  wretch,  was  yet  alive, 

No  generous  patron  woiiUl  a  dinner  give ; 

See  him,  when  starv'd  to  death,  and  turn'd  to  dust, 

Presented  with  a  monumental  bust. 

The  poet's  fate  is  here  in  emblem  shown. 

He  ask'd  for  bread,  and  he  received  a  stone. 

Soon  after  this  monument  was  erected  in  Westminster 
Abbey,  some  persons  proposed  to  erect  one  in  Covent  Gar- 
den  church,  for  which  Mr  Dennis  wrote  the  following  in- 
Bcription  : 

Near  this  place  lies  interr'd 

The  body  of  Mr  Samuel  Butler, 

Author  of  Iludihras. 

He  was  a  whole  species  of  poets  in  one : 

Admirable  in  a  manner 

In  which  no  one  else  has  been  tolerable  : 

A  manner  which  be/nin  and  ended  in  him, 

In  which  he  knew  no  guide, 

And  has  found  no  followers. 

Nat.  1612.     Ob.  1680. 

While  in  London,  where  Butler  died,  these  tributes  to  his 
genius  were  set  up  at  intervals  by  men  of  opposite  principles, 
the  place  of  his  birth  remained  without  any  memorial  until 
within  the  last  few  years,  when  a  white  marble  tablet,  with 
florid  canopy,  crockets,  and  finial,  was  placed  in  the  parish 
church  of  Strensham,  by  John  Taylor,  of  Strensham  Court, 
Esq.,  upon  whose  estate  the  poet  was  born.  In  the  design 
is  a  small  figure  of  Hudibras,  and  the  face  of  the  tablet  bears 
the  following  simple  inscription  : 

"  This  tablet  was  erected  to  the  memory  of  Samuel  Butler, 
to  transmit  to  future  ages  that  near  this  spot  was  born  a 
mind  so  celebrated.  In  Westminster  Abbey,  among  the 
poets  of  England,  his  fame  is  recorded.  Here,  in  his  native 
village,  in  veneration  of  his  talents  and  genius,  this  tribute 
to  his  memory  has  been  erected  by  the  possessor  of  the  place 
of  his  birth — Jolin  Taylor.  Strensham." 

What  became  of  the  lady  he  married  is  unknown,  as  there 
is  no  subsetjuent  trace  of  her  ;  but  it  is  presiuiied  she  died 
before  him.  .Mr  (jillillan  assumes  that  "  subscriptions  were 
raised  for  his  widow,"  but  gives  no  authority,  and  we  believe 
uone  exists. 


Svi  LIFE    OF    SAMUEL    BXJTLEB, 

"  Hudibras  (saj's  Mr  Nash)  is  Mr  Butler's  capital  work, 
and  though  the  Characters,  Poems,  Thoughts,  &c.  published 
as  Eemains  by  Mr  Thyer,  iu  two  volumes  octavo,  are  cer- 
tainly written  by  the*  same  masterly  hand,  though  they 
abouud  with  lively  sallies  of  wit,  and  display  a  copious  va- 
riety of  erudition,  yet  the  nature  of  the  subjects,  their  not 
having  received  the  author's  last  corrections,  and  many  other 
reasons  which  might  be  given,  render  them  less  acceptable 
to  the  present  taste  of  the  public,  which  no  longer  relishes 
the  antiquated  mode  of  writing  characters,  cultivated  when 
Butler  was  young,  by  men  of  genius,  such  as  Bishop  Earle 
and  Mr  Cleveland. 

The  three  small  volumes,  entitled  Posthiunous  Works,  in 
prose  and  verse,  by  Mr  Samuel  Butler,  author  of  Hudibras, 
printed  1715, 1716,  1717,  are  all  spurious,  except  the  Pindaric 
Ode  on  Duval  the  highwayman,  and  one  or  two  of  the  pi-ose 
pieces.  Mr  Nash  says,  ""As  to  the  MSS.  which  after  Mr 
Butler's  death  came  into  the  hands  of  Mr  Longueville,  and 
from  which  jMr  Thyer  published  his  Genuine  Eemains  in 
the  year  1759 ;  what  remain  unpublished  are  either  in  the 
hands  of  the  ingenious  Doctor  Farmer  of  Cambridge,  or  my- 
self. For  Mr  Butler's  Common-place  Book,  mentioned  by  Mr 
Thyer,  1  am  indebted  to  the  liberal  and  public-spirited  James 
Massey,  Esq.,  of  Eosthern,  near  Kuotsford,  Cheshire." 

The  poet's  frequent  and  correct  use  of  \nw  terms  *  is  a 
sufficient  proof  that  he  was  well  versed  in  that  science :  but 
if  further  evidence  were  wanting,  says  Mr  Nash,  ''  I  can 
produce  a  MS.  purchased  of  some  of  our  poet's  relations,  at 
the  Hay,  in  Brecknockshire,  which  appears  to  be  a  collection 
of  legal  cases  and  principles,  regularly  related  from  Lord 
Coke's  Commentary  on  Littleton's  Tenures.  The  language 
is  Norman,  or  law  French,  and  the  authorities  in  the  margin 
of  the  MS.  correspond  exactly  with  those  given  on  the  same 
positions  in  the  first  institute.  The  first  book  of_  the  MS. 
ends  with  the  84th  section,  which  same  number  of  sections 
also  terminates  the  first  institute  ;  and  the  second  book  is 
entitled  Le  second  livre  del  premier  part  del  Inslitutes  de 
Ley  d'Enqleterre.  It  may,  therefore,  reasonably  be  pre- 
sumed to'  have  been  compiled  by  Butler  solely  from  Coke 

*  Butler  is  said  to  have  been  a  member  of  Gray's-iun,  and  of  a  club  with 
Cleveland  and  other  wits  inclined  to  the  royal  cause. 


AUTHOR    JF    nUDTBRAS.  XVU 

upon  Littleton,  with  no  other  object  than  to  impress  strong- 
Iv  on  his  mind  the  sense  of  that  author  ;  and  written  in 
^'orman,  to  familiarize  himself  with  the  barbarous  language 
in  whieii  the  learning  of  the  common  law  of  England  was  at 
that  period  almost  uniforndy  ex|)ressed. 

"  As  another  instance  of  the  poet's  great  industry,  I  have  a 
French  dictionary,  compiled  and  transcribed  by  him  :  thus 
our  ancestors,  with  great  labour,  drew  truth  and  learning 
out  of  deep  wells,  whereas  our  modern  scholars  only  skim  the 
surface,  and  pilfer  a  superficial  knowledge  from  encyclopae- 
dias and  reviews.  It  doth  not  appear  that  he  ever  wrote  for 
the  stage,  though  I  have,  in  his  MS.  common-place  book, 
part  of  an  vmfinished  tragedy,  entitled  Nero." 

Concerning  Hudibras  there  is  but  one  sentiment.  The 
/admirable  fecundity  of  wit,  and  the  infinite  variety  of  know- 
ledge, displayed  throughout  the  poem  have  been  universally 
admitted.  Dr  Johnson  well  expresses  the  general  sense  of 
nil  its  readers  when  he  says, ('  If  inexhaustible  wit  could  give 
perpetual  pleasure,  no  eye  would  ever  leave  half  read  the 
work  of  Butler ;  for  what  poet  has  ever  brought  so  many 
remote  images  so  happily  together  ?  It  is  scarcely  possible 
to  peruse  a  page  without  finding  some  association  of  images 
that  was  never  found  before.  By  the  first  paragraph  the 
reader  is  amused,  by  the  next  he  is  delighted,  and  by  a  few 
more  strained  to  astonishment ;  but  astonishment  is  a  toil- 
some pleasure  ;  he  is  soon  weary  of  wondering,  and  longs  to 
be  diverted."  And  he  adds,  "Imagination  is  useless  without 
knowledge;  nature  gives  in  vain  the  power  of  combination, 
unless  study  and  observation  su|i|)lv  materials  to  be  com- 
bined. Butler's  treasures  of  knowledge  appear  proportioned 
to  his  experience  :  (whatever  topic  employs  his  mind,  lie  shows 
himself  qualified  to  expand  and  illustrate  it  with  all  the  ac- 
cessaries tliat  books  can  furnish  :  he  is  found  not  only  to 
have  travelled  the  beaten  road,  but  the  by-paths  of  litera- 
ture ;  not  only  to  have  taken  general  surveys,  but  to  have 
examined  particulars  with  minute  inspection." 

Various  have  been  the  attempts  to  define  or  describe  the 
wit  and  humour  of  this  celebrated  poem  ;  the  greatest  Eng- 
lish writers  have  tried  in  vain,  Cowley,*  Barrow,t  Dryden,J 

•  In  his  Ode  on  Wit, — -f  In  his  Sermon  against  Fotlish  Talking  nnd 
Je«tiD)(, — t  In  h'9  Preface  to  an  Opera  called  the  State  of  Innocence 


tviii  LIFE  or  samuel  butlek, 

Locke,*  Addison,t  Pope.J  and  Congreve,  all  failed  in  their 
attempts ;  perhaps  they  are  more  to  be  felt  than  explained, 
and  to  be  understood  rather  from  example  than  precept.  "  It 
any  one,"  says  Nash,  "wishes  to  know  what  wit  and  hu- 
mour are,  let  him  read  Hudibras  with  attention,  he  will  there 
Bee  them  displayed  in  the  brightest  colours  :  there  is  brilliancy 
resulting  from  the  power  of  rapid  illustration  by  remote  con- 
tingent resemblances  ;  propriety  of  words,  and  thoughts  ele- 
gantly adapted  to  the  occasion:  objects  which  possess  an 
affinity  and  congruity,  or  sometimes  a  contrast  to  each  other, 
assembled  with  quickness  and  variety  ;  in  short,  every  in- 
gredient of  wit,  or  of  humour,  which  critics  have  discovered, 
may  be  found  in  this  poem.  The  reader  may  congratulate 
himself,  that  he  is  not  destitute  of  taste  to  relish  both,  if  he 
can  read  it  with  delight." 

Hudibras  is  to  an  epic  poem  what  a  good  farce  is  to  a 
tragedy ;  persons  advanced  in  years  generally  prefer  the 
former,  having  met  with  tragedies  enough  in  real  life  ;  where- 
as the  comedy,  or  interlude,  is  a  relief  from  anxious  and  dis- 
gusting reflections,  and  suggests  such  playful  ideas,  as  wan- 
ton round  the  heart  and  enliven  the  very  features. 

The  hero  marches  out  in  search  of  adventures,  to  suppress 
those  sports,  and  punish  those  trivial  oftences,  which  the  vul- 
gar among  the  Eoyalists  were  fond  of,  but  which  the  Presby- 
teriims  aud  Independents  abhorred;  and  which  our  hero,  as 
a  magistrate  of  the  former  persuasion,  thought  it  his  duty 
officially  to  suppress.  The  diction  is  that  of  bui-lesque  po- 
etry, painting  low  and  mean  persons  and  things  in  pompous 
language  and  a  magnificent  manner,  or  sometimes  level- 
ling sublime  and  pompous  passages  to  the  standard  of  low 
imagery.  The  principal  actions  of  the  poem  are  four  :  Hu- 
dibras'*s  victory  over  Crowdero— TruUa's  victory  over  Hudi- 
Ijras— Hudibras's  victory  over  Sidrophel— aud  the  Widow's 


vyer  and  Sidrophi-  , 

and  the  Widow.     The  verse  consists  of  eight  syllables,  or 
four  feet ;  a  measure  which,  in  unskilful  hands,  soon  becomes 

•  Essay  on  Human  Uudei-standing,  b.  ii.  c.  2.— t  Spcctatot,  No.  '^S  and 
32.— J  Essay  concerning  Humour  in  Comedy,  aud  Corbyn  Morris'i.  Essay 
aa  Wit,  Humour,  and  Kaillerj. 


AirnoR  or  hudibbas.  xix 

tiresome,  and  will  ever  be  a  dangerous  snare  to  meaner  and 
less  masterly  imitators. 

The  Sooteli,  tlie  Irish,  the  American  Hudioras,  and  a  host 
of  other  imitations,  are  hardly  worth  mentioning;  they  only 
prove  the  excitement  which  this  new  species  of  poetry  had 
occasioned;  the  translation  into  French,  by  Mr  Towiieley, 
an  Euglishnian,  is  curious,  it  preserves  the  sense,  but  cannot 
keep  np  the  humour.  Prior  seems  to  have  come  nearest 
the  original,  though  he  is  sensible  of  his  own  inferiority, 
and  says. 

But,  like  poor  Andrew,  I  advance. 
False  mimic  of  ray  master's  dance ; 
Around  tlic  cord  awhile  I  sprawl, 
And  theuce,  tho'  low,  in  earnest  fall. 

His  Alma  is  neat  and  elegant,  and  his  versification  supe- 
rior to  Butler's ;  but  his  learning,  knowledge,  and  wit  by 
no  means  ecjual.  The  spangles  of  wit  which  he  could  afford, 
he  knew  how  to  polish,  but  he  wanted  the  bullion  of  his  mas- 
ter. Hudibras,  then,  may  truly  be  said  to  be  the  first  and 
last  satire  of  tTie  kind  ;  for  if  we  examine  Lucian's  Trar/o-po- 
dagra,  and  other  dialogues,  the  fcrsars  of  .Julian,  Seneca's 
Apocoloci/ntosis,  or  the  mock  deification  of  Claudius,  and 
some  fragments  of  Varro,  they  will  be  found  very  difterent : 
the  Bafraehomi/omachia.  or  battle  of  the  frogs  and  mice,  com- 
monly ascribed  to  Homer,  and  the  Mart/ites,  generally  al- 
lowed to  be  hia,  prove  this  species  of  poetry  to  be  of  great 
antiquity. 

The  inventor  of  the  modern  mock  heroic  was  .Messandro 
Tassoni,  born  at  Jlodena  1505.  His  Secchia  riipiia,  or  Ra])e 
of  the  Bucket,  is  founded  on  the  popular  account  of  the 
cause  of  the  civil  war  between  the  inhabitants  of  IModena 
and  Bologna,  in  the  time  of  Frederick  II.  This  bucket  was 
long  pre-erved,  as  a  tropliy,  in  the  cathedral  of  Modena,  sus- 
pended by  the  chain  which  fastened  the  gate  of  Bologna, 
through  which  the  Modenese  forced  their  passage,  and  seized 
the  prize.  It  is  written  in  the  ottava  rima.  the  solemn  mea- 
sure of  the  Italian  heroic  poets,  and  ha.s  considerable  merit. 

The  next  successful  imitators  of  the  mock-heroic  have 
been  Boileau,  Garth,  and  I'oi)e,  whose  respective  works  are 
tio  generally  known,  and  too  justly  admired,  to  require,  at 
tiiis  time,  description  or  encomium. 

c  2 


XX  IIFE    OF    SAMUEL    BTJTLEB, 

Hudibras  has  been  compared  to  the  Sati/re  Menippee,  first 
published  in  France  in  the  year  1593.  The  subject  indeed  is 
somewhat  similar,  a  violent  civil  war  excited  by  religious  zeal, 
and  many  good  men  made  the  dupes  of  state  politicians. 
After  the  death  of  Henry  III.  of  France,  the  Duke  de  May- 
ence  called  together  the  states  of  the  kingdom,  to  elect  a 
successor,  there  being  many  pretenders  to  the  crovm ;  the 
consequent  intrigues  were  the  foundation  of  the  Satyre 
Menippee,  so  called  from  Menippus,  an  ancient  cynic  philo- 
sopher and  rough  satirist,  introducer  of  the  burlesque  spe- 
cies of  dialogue.  In  this  work  are  unveiled  the  different 
^^ews  and  interests  of  the  several  actors  in  those  busy 
scenes,  who,  under  the  pretence  of  public  good,  consulted 
only  their  private  advantage,  passions,  and  prejudices.  This 
book,  which  aims  particularly  at  the  Spanish  party,  went 
through  various  editions,  from  its  first  publication  to  1726, 
when  it  was  printed  at  Eatisbon  in  three  volumes,  with 
copious  notes  and  index.  In  its  day  it  was  as  much  admired 
as  Hudibras,  and  is  still  studied  by  antiquaries  with  delight. 
But  this  satire  differs  widely  from  our  author's :  like  those 
of  Varro,  Seneca,  and  Jidian ,  it  is  a  mixture  of  verse  and  prose, 
and  though  it  contains  much  wit,  and  Mr  Butler  had  certainly 
read  it  with  attention,  yet  he  cannot  be  said  to  imitate  it. 

The  reader  will  perceive  that  our  poet  had  more  immedi- 
ately in  view,  Don  Quixote,  Spenser,  the  Italian  poets,  toge- 
ther with  the  Greek  and  Eoman  classics ;  *  but  very  rarely, 
if  ever,  alludes  to  Milton,  though  Paradise  Lost  was  publish- 
ed ten  years  before  the  third  part  of  Hudibras. 

Other  sorts  of  burlesque  have  been  published,  such  as  the 
Carmina  Macaronica,  the  EpistolcB  ohscurorum  Virorum,  Cot- 
ton's Virgil  Travesty,  &c.,  but  these  are  efforts  of  genius  of 
no  great  importance,  and  many  burlesque  and  satirical  pieces, 
prose  and  verse,  were  published  in  France  between  the  year 
1533  and  IGGO,  by  Rabelais,  Scarron,  and  others. 

♦  The  editor  has  in  his  possession  a  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  the  two 
parts  of  Hudibras,  appended  to  which  are  about  100  pages  of  contemporary 
manuscript,  indicating  the  particuhir  passages  of  preceding  writers  which 
Butler  is  supposed  to  have  had  in  view.  Amoug  the  authors  most  frequent- 
ly quoted  are  :  Cervantes  (Don  Quixote),  Virgil,  Horace,  Ovid,  Juvenal 
and  Persius,  Catullus,  TibuUus  and  rmpcrtius,  Lucan,  JIartial,  Statius, 
Suetonius,  Justin,  Tacitus,  Cicero,  Aulas  Gellius,  Macrobius,  I'linii  His- 
toria  Naturalis,  and  Erasmi  adagia. 


AtJTHOB   or    HUDIBRAS.  1X1 

Hudibras  operated  wonderfully  in  beating  down  the  hypOi 
crisy  and  false  patriotism  of  the  time.  Mr  Hayley  gives  a 
character  of  the  author  in  four  lines  with  great  propriety  : 

"  XrnriTaU'cl  Butler !  blest  with  happy  skill 
To  heal  by  comic  verse  each  serious  ill, 
By  wit's  strong  flashes  reason's  light  dispense, 
And  laugh  a  frantic  nation  into  sense." 

For  one  great  object  of  our  poet's  satire  is  to  unmask  the 
hypocrite,  and  to  exhibit,  in  a  light  at  once  odious  and  ridi- 
culous, tlie  Prcsbyteriaus  and  Independents,  and  all  other 
sects,  which  in  our  poet's  days  amounted  to  near  two  hundred, 
and  were  enemies  to  the  king;  but  his  further  view  was  to 
banter  all  the  false,  and  even  all  the  suspicious,  pretences  to 
learning  that  prevailed  in  his  time,  such  as  astrology,  sympa- 
thetic medicine,  alchymy,  transfusion  of  blood,  trifling  con- 
ceits in  exjierimental  philosophy,  fortune-telUng,  incredible 
relations  of  travellers,  talse  wit,  and  injudicious  aflectationa 
of  poets  and  romance  writers.  Thus  he  frequently  alludes  to 
Purchas's  Pilgrimes,  Sir  Kenelm  Digby's  books,  Bulwer's 
Artificial  Changeling,  Sir  Thomas  Brown's  Vulgar  Errors, 
Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  Lilly's  Astrology,  and  the 
early  transactions  of  the  Royal  Society.  These  books  were 
much  read  and  admired  in  our  author's  days. 

The  adventure  with  the  widow  is  introduced  in  conformity 
with  other  poets,  both  heroic  and  dramatic,  who  hold  that 
no  poem  can  be  perfect  which  hath  not  at  least  one  Episode 
of  Love. 

It  is  not  worth  while  to  niquire,  if  the  characters  painted 
under  the  fictitious  names  of  Hudibras,  Crowdero,  Orsin, 
Taigol,  Trulla,  <fcc.,  were  drawn  from  real  life,  or  whether  Sir 
Roger  L'Estrauge's  key  to  Hudibras  *  be  a  true  one.  It  mat- 
ters not  whether  the  hero  were  designed  as  the  picture  of  Sir 
Samuel  Luke,  Colonel  Rolls,  or  Sir  Henry  Rosewell ;  he  is,  in 
the  language  of  Dryden,  Knight  of  the  Shire,  and  represents 
them  all.  that  is,  the  whole  body  of  the  Presbyterians,  as 
Ralpho  does  that  of  the  Independents.  It  would  be  degrading 
the  liberal  spirit  and  universal  genius  of  Mr  Butler,  to  nar- 
row his  general  satire  to  a  particular  libel  on  any  characters, 
however  marked   and  prominent.      To  a  single  rogue,  or 

•  Fii»t  published  in  1714. 


txii  LIFE    OF    SAMUEL    BTTIXEB, 

bloelihead,  he  disdained  to  stoop  ;  the  vices  and  folliea  of  the 
age  in  which  he  lived  were  the  quarry  at  which  he  flew; 
these  he  concentrated,  and  embodied  in  the  persons  of  Hudi- 
bras,  Ealpho,  Sidrophel,  &c.,  so  that  each  character  in  this 
admirable  poem  should  be  considered,  not  as  an  individual, 
but  as  a  species. 

INIeanings  still  more  remote  and  chimerical  than  mere  per 
sonal  allusions,  have  by  some  been  discovered  in  Hudibraa 
and  the  poem  would  have  wanted  one  of  those  marks  which 
distinguish  works  of  superior  merit,  if  it  had  not  been  sup- 
posed to  be  a  perpetual  allegory.  Writers  of  eminence.  Ho- 
mer, Plato,  and  even  the  Holy  Scriptures  themselves,  have 
been  most  wretchedly  misrepresented  by  commentators  ot 
this  cast.  Thus  some  have  thought  that  the  hero  of  the  piece 
was  intended  to  represent  the  parliament,  especially  that 
part  of  it  which  favoured  the  Presbyterian  discipline.  When 
in  the  stocks,  he  is  said  to  personate  the  Presbyterians  after 
they  had  lost  their  power ;  his  first  exploit  against  the  bear, 
whom  he  routs,  is  assumed  to  represent  the  parliament  get- 
ting the  better  of  the  king  ;  after  this  great  victory  he 
courts  a  widow  for  her  jointure,  which  is  supposed  to  mean 
the  riches  and  power  of  the  kingdom  ;  being  scorned  by  her,  he 
retires,  but  the  revival  of  hope  to  the  Eoyalists,  draws  forth 
both  him  and  his  squire,  a  little  before  Sir  George  Bootii's 
insurrection.  Magnano,  Cerdon,  Talgol,  &c.,  though  described 
as  butchers,  coblers,  tinkers,  are  made  to  represent  officers  in 
the  parliament  army,  whose  original  professions,  perhaps,  were 
not  much  more  noble :  some  have  imagined  Magnano  to  be 
the  Duke  of  Albemarle,  and  his  getting  thistles  from  a  barren 
land,  to  allude  to  his  power  in  Scotland,  especially  after  the 
defeat  of  Booth.  Trulla  means  his  wife  ;  Crowdero  Sir  George 
Booth,  whose  bringing  in  of  Bruin  alludes  to  his  endeavours 
to  restore  the  king ;  his  oaken  leg,  called  the  better  one,  is 
the  king's  cause,  his  other  leg  the  Presbj-teriau  discipline ; 
his  fiddle-case,  which  in  sport  they  hung  as  a  tropliy  on  the 
whipping-post,  is  the  directory.  Kalpho,  they  say,  represents 
the  Parliament  of  Independents,  called  Bareboue's  Parlia- 
ment ;  Bruin  is  sometimes  the  royal  person,  sometimes  the 
king's  adherents  :  Orsin  represents  the  royal  party  ;  Talgol 
the  city  of  London;  Colon  the  bulk  of  the  people.  All  these 
joining  together  against  the  Knight,  represent  Sir  Gecrge 


AUTHOR    OF    UUDIBRAS.  XX. 1 

Booth's  conspiracy,  witli  Presbyterians  and  Eoyalists,  against 
the  parliament :  their  overthrow,  through  the  assistance  of 
Kalph,  means  the  defeat  of  Booth  by  the  assistance  of 
the  Independents  and  other  fanatics.  These  ideas  are,  per- 
haps, only  the  frenzy  of  a  wild  imagination,  though  there 
may  be  some  lines  that  seem  to  favour  the  conceit. 

Dryden  and  Addison  have  censured  Butler  for  his  double 
rhymes  ;  the  latter  nowhere  argues  worse  than  u])on  this 
subject:  "  If,"  says  he,  ''the  thought  in  the  couplet  be  good, 
the  rliynies  add  httle  to  it ;  and  if  bad,  it  will  not  be  in  the 
power  of  rhyme  to  recommend  it ;  I  am  afraid  that  great 
numbers  of  those  who  admire  tlie  incomparable  Hudibras,  do 
it  more  on  account  of  these  doggrel  rhymes,  than  the  parts 
that  really  deserve  admiration."*  Xiiia  reflection  atiects 
equally  all  sorts  of  rhyme,  which  certainly  can  add  nothing 
to  the  sense  ;  but  double  rhymes  are  like  the  whimsical 
dress  of  Harlequin,  which  does  not  add  to  his  wit,  but  some- 
times increases  the  humour  and  drollery  of  it :  they  are  not 
sought  for,  but,  when  tliey  come  easily,  are  always  diverting: 
tliey  are  so  seldom  found  in  Hudibras,  as  hardly  to  be  au 
object  of  censure,  especially  as  the  diction  and  the  rhyme 
both  suit  well  with  the  character  of  the  hero. 

It  must  be  allowed  that  our  poet  does  not  exhibit  his  hero 
with  the  dignity  of  Cervantes  :  but  the  principal  fault  of  the 
poem  is. that  the  parts  are  unconnected, and  the  story  deficient 
in  sustained  interest  ;  the  reader  may  leave  off  ^vitliout  being 
anxious  for  the  fate  of  his  hero  ;  he  s'ees  only  diyecti  membra 
poi'tie ;  but  we  should  remember  that  the  parts  were  pub- 
lished at  long  intervals, t  and  that  several  of  the  difterent 
cantos  were  designed  as  satires  on  difterent  subjects  or  ex- 
travagancies. 

Fault  has  likewise  been  found,  and  perhaps  justly,  with 
Butler's  too  frequent  elisions,  the  harshness  of  liis  numbers, 
and  the  omission  of  the  signs  of  substantives  ;  his  inattention 
to  grammar  and  syntax,  which  in  some  passages  obscures 
his  meaning;  and  the  per[)lexity  which  sometimes  arises 
from  the  amazing  fruitfuiuess  of  his  imagination,  and  extent 

•  Spectator,  No.  60. 

t  The  Kpistle  to  Sidrophel,  not  till  many  years  after  the  canto  to  whicb 
it  if  umeied. 


jjlV  LIFE    or    SiMUEL    BTJTLEE. 

of  his  reading.  Most  writers  have  more  words  than  idoas, 
and  the  reader  wastes  nrach  pains  with  them,  and  gets  httle 
information  or  amusement.  Butler,  on  the  contrary,  has 
more  ideas  than  words ;  his  wit  and  learnmg  crowd  so  last 
upon  him,  that  he  cannot  find  room  or  tnne  to  arrange  them  : 
hence  his  periods  become  sometimes  embarrassed  and  ob- 
scure, and  his  dialogues  too  long.  Our  poet  has  been 
charged  with  obscenity,  evil-speaking,  and  profaneness ;  but 
satirists  will  take  liberties.  Juvenal,  and  that  elegant  poet 
Horace,  must  plead  his  cause,  so  far  as  the  accusation  is  well 

"'in  the  preceding  memoir,  Dr  Nash,  the  latest  and  most 
authentic  of  Butler's  biographers,  has  been  our  principal 
guide  ;  the  reader  who  is  desirous  of  a  more  critical  and 
Elaborate,  though  sometimes  unjustly  severe,  view  ot  the 
poem  and  tiie  poet,  will  turn  witliout  disappointment  to  the 
elouuent  pages  of  Dr  Johnson. 


rT 


HUDIBRAS 

PABT  I.    CANTO  L 


THE  AEGTMENT. 

Sir  HuDiBRAS '  his  passing  worth, 
The  manner  how  he  sallied  forth, 
His  arms  and  equipage,  are  shown  ; 
His  horse's  vii-tues  and  his  own. 
Th'  adventure  of  the  bear  and  fiddle 
Is  sung,  hut  breaks  off  in  the  middle.^ 


>  Butler  probatly  took  the  name  of  Hudibras  from  Spencer's  Fairy 
Queen,  B.  ii.  C.  ii.  St.  17. 

He  that  made  love  unto  the  eldest  dame 
AYas  hight  Sir  Hudibras,  an  hardy  man  ; 
Yet  not  so  good  of  deeds,  as  great  of  name, 
Which  he  by  many  rash  adventures  wan. 
Since  en-ant  amis  to  sew  he  first  began. 
Geoffrey  of  Jtonmouth  mentions  a  British  king  of  this  name,  as  .iving 
about  the  time  of  Solomon,  and  reigning  39  years.   He  is  said  to  have  com- 
posed all  the  dissensions  among  his  people.     Others  have  supposed  it  de- 
rived from  the  French,  Hugo,  or  Hu  de  Bras,  signifying  Hugh  with  the 
strong  arm  :  thus  Fortinbras,  Firebras. 

In'the  Grub-street  Journal,  Col.  Rolls,  a  Devonshire  gentleman,  is  said 
to  be  satirized  under  the  character  of  Hudibras ;  and  it  is  asserted,  that 
Hugh  de  Bras  was  the  name  of  the  old  tutelar  saint  of  that  county ;  Dr 
Grey  had  been  informed,  on  credible  authority,  that  the  person  intended 
was  Sir  Henry  Rosewell,  of  Ford  Abbey,  Devonshire ;  but  it  is  idle  to  look 
for  personal  reflections  in  a  poem  designed  for  a  general  satire  on  hy- 
pocrisy, enthusiasm,  and  false  learning.  There  is  no  doubt,  however,  that 
Sir  Samuel  I.iiko,  of  Bedfordshire,  is  the  likeliest  hero.  See  lines  16  and  902. 
'  A  ridii  ule  on  Rousard's  Franciade,  and  Sir  William  Davcnant's  Gon- 
dibcrt,  both  unlinishc^. 


HUDIBEAS.     CANTO  I. 


fyr^^rfy/^  "^-^  "^"''^  cliidtjeon  '  first  p;rew  high, 
i"\\  \Y'     // '"  And  men  loll  out,  they  knew  uot  why; 
Tt;>^  ^  J    AVhen  liaril  words,'  jealousies,  and  lean 

V.'  \  J     Set  folks  together  by  the  ears. 


ly    V/^       And  made  them  fight,  like  mad  or  drunk,    « 
For  dame  Religion  as  tor  Punk  ; 
AVliose  honesty  they  all  durst  swear  for, 
Tho'  uot  a  man  of  tliem  knew  wherefore  : 
AVhen  Gospel-Trumpeter,  surrounded* 
AVith  long-ear'd  "  rout,  to  battle  sounded,  10 

'  To  take  in  dudgeon  is  inwardly  to  resent  some  injury  or  affront,  a  sort 
of  gnimbling  in  the  gizzard  {as  Tom  Tlood  has  said),  and  what  is  piTvioiis 
to  actual  I'urv.  It  was  altiri'd  by  Mr  Butler,  in  his  edition  of  1674,  to 
cijil  fury,  and  so  stood  until  1700.'  But  the  original  word  was  restored  in 
1704,  and  h.as  been  adopted,  with  two  or  three  recent  exceptions,  ever  since ; 
and  it  unquestionably  is  most  in  keeping  with  tlie  character  of  the  poem. 
Dudgeon  m  its  primitive  sense  is  a  dagger,  and  is  so  used  towards  the  close 
of  the  present  canto. 

2  It  may  be  justly  said  they  knew  not  why,  since,  as  Lord  Clarendon 
observes,  "  The  like  peace  and  plenty,  and  universal  tranquillity,  was  never 
enjoyed  by  any  nation  for  ten  yeai-s  together,  before  those  unhappy  troubles 
began." 

•  The  jargon  and  cant-words  used  by  the  Presbyterians  and  other  sec- 
taries, such  as  gospel-walking-times,  soul-saving,  cai-nal-mindcd,  carryings- 
on,  workings-out,  cnnimittec-doni,  &c.  They  callrd  tlunisclves  the  elect, 
'lie  sainLs,  the  predestinated,  and  their  opponents  Papists,  Prelatists,  repro- 
bates, &c.  &c.  They  set  tin-  people  aj-ainst  the  Common-praver,  which  they 
<s.serted  was  the  ni.-kss-book  in  Knglish,  and  nicknamed  it  Porridge ;  and 
enraged  them  /igainst  the  surplice,  calling  it  a  rag  of  Popery,  the  whore 
of  Babylon's  smock,  and  the  smock  of  the  whore  of  Rome. 

•  Jealousies  and  fiars  were  words  bandied  between  Charles  I.  and  the 
parliament  in  all  their  papers,  before  the  absolute  breaking  out  of  tho 
war.  They  were  u.sed  by  the  parliameni  to  the  king,  in  their  petition  for 
the  militia,  March  1,  1641-2;  and  by  the  king  in  his  answer,  "You  speak 
of  je.ilousies  and  fears ;  lay  your  hariils  to  vour  hearts  and  ask  yourselves, 
whether  I  may  not  be  disturbed  witli  jialnusics  and  fears." 

'  The  Presbyterians  (many  of  wbnmbcforc  the  war  had  got  into  parish 
churches)  preaihcd  the  piM.pic  into  rebellion,  incited  them  to  take  uj)  arms 
and  fiirht  the  Lord's  battles,  and  destroy  the  .Vmalckites,  root  and  liraiu  h, 
hin  and  thigh.  They  tuld  them  also  to  bind  their  kings  in  chains,  and  their 
nobles  in  links  of  iron.  And  Dr  South  has  recorded  that  many  of  tho  regi- 
cides were  drawn  into  the  grand  rebellion  by  the  direful  imprecations  of  se- 
ditions preachers  from  the  pulpit.     Sec  Spectator,  Xos.  GO  and  lo.'i, 

•  The  Puritans  had  a  custom  of  putting  their  hands  behind  their  ears, 
■1  aermons,  and  bending  them  forward,  under  pretence  cf  hearing  the  bet. 

B  2 


i  mjTlIBEAS.  [PAET    I. 

And  pulpit,  drum  ecclesiastiek, 
"Was  beat  \\'ith  fist,  instead  of  a  stick  ; ' 
Then  did  Sir  Knight  abandon  dwelling, 
And  out  he  rode  a  colonelling.^ 

A  Wight  he  was,  whose  very  sight  would  15 

Entitle  him  Mirror  of  Knighthood  ; 
That  never  bow'd  his  stubborn  knee  ' 
To  anything  but  chivalry  ; 
Nor  put  up  blow,  but  that  which  laid 
Eight  Worshipful  on  shoulder-blade  :  *  SO 

Chief  of  domestic  knights,  and  errant, 
Either  for  chartel  ^  or  for  warrant : 
Great  on  the  bench,  great  in  the  saddle. 
That  could  as  well  bind  o'er,  as  swaddle  :  * 

ter.  Five  hundred  or  a  thousand  large  ears  were  sometimes  pricked  up  in 
this  fashion  as  soou  as  the  text  was  named,  and  as  they  wore  their  hair 
very  short  (whence  they  were  called  round-heads),  they  were  the  more 
prominent.     Drydeu  alludes  to  this  in  his  line : 

"  And  pricks  up  his  predestinating  ears." 

1  Ridiculing  their  vehement  action  in  the  pulpit,  and  their  heating  it 
with  their  fists,  as  if  they  were  beating  a  drum. 

'  Sir  Samuel  Luke,  of  Bedfordshire,  is  no  doubt  the  type  of  our  hero. 
This  has  hitherto  been  merely  surmised,  first  by  Grey,  and  since  by  all  his 
successors,  including  Nash ; '  but  the  present  editor  possesses  a  copy  or 
the  original  edition,  1663,  in  which  a  MS.  Key,  evidently  of  the  same 
date,  gives  the  name  of  Sir  Samuel  Luke,  mthout  any  question.  Sir 
Samuel  was  a  rigid  Presbyterian,  high  in  the  favour  of  Cromwell,  justice 
of  the  peace,  chairman  of  the  quarter  sessions,  a  colonel  in  the  parliament 
ai-my,  a  committee-man  of  his  own  county,  and  scout-master-general  in 
the  'counties  of  Bedford  and  Surrey.  Butler  was  for  a  time  in  the  service 
of  Sir  Samuel,  probably  as  secretary;  and  though  in  the  centre  of  Puritan 
meetings,  was  at  heart  a  Royalist  and  a  Churchman. 

'  Alluding  to  the  Presbvterians,  who  refused  to  kneel  at  the  Sacramont 
of  the  Lord's  Supper ;  and  insisted  upon  receiving  it  in  a  sitting  or  stand- 
ing posture.  In  some  of  the  kirks  in  Scotland,  the  pews  are  so  made,  that 
it  is  very  difficult  for  any  one  to  kneel. 

*  That  is,  did  not  kneel  or  submit  to  a  blow,  except  when  the  King  dubbed 
him  a  knight.  Sir  Kenelm  Digbv  tells  us,  that  when  King  James  I.,  who 
had  an  antipathy  to  a  sword,  dubbed  him  knight,  had  not  the  Duke  of 
Buckingham  guided  his  hand  aright,  in  lieu  of  touching  his  shoulder,  he  had 
certainly  run  the  point  of  it  into  his  eye. 

»  A  challenge ;  also  an  agreement  in  writing  between  parties  or  amiies 
■which  are  enemies.     MS.  Key. 

6  Swaddle.— fXvLS  word  has  two  opposite  meanings,  one  to  beat  or  cudgel, 
the  other  to  bind  up  or  swathe,  hence  swaddling  clothes.  See  Johnson,  Web- 
ster, &c. 


CANTO   1.] 


HUUIBRAS 


Mighty  lie  was  at  both  of  tliese. 
And  styled  of  War  as  well  as  Peace. 
So  some  rats  of  amphibious  nature 
Are  either  for  the  land  or  water. 
But  here  our  authors  make  a  doubt, 
Whether  he  were  more  wise  or  stout.' 
Some  hold  the  one,  and  some  the  other ; 
But  howsoe'er  they  make  a  pother. 
The  ditf'rence  was  so  small,  his  brain 
Outweigh'd  his  rage  but  half  a  grain  ; 
Which  made  some  take  him  for  a  tool 
That  knaves  do  work  with,  call'd  a  Fool. 
For  t'  has  been  held  by  many,  that 
As  Montaigne,  playing  with  his  cat, 


S 

25 
30 
35 


Complains  she  thought  him  but  an  ass,' 
Much  more  she  would  Sir  Hudibras  : 
For  that's  the  name  our  valiant  knight 
To  all  his  challenges  did  ■v^Tite. 
But  they're  mistaken  very  much, 
'Tis  plain  enough  he  was  no  such  ; 
We  grant,  although  he  had  much  wit, 
H'  was  very  shy  of  using  it ; 


40 


46 


'  A  burlesque  on  the  usunl  strain  of  rhetorical  flattery,  when  authors 
pretend  to  be  puzzled  which  of  tlieir  patrous'  noblo  qualities  they  should 
jiTe  the  preference  to. 

•  See  this  playful  passsage  (9';oted  from  Montaigne,  Essays  ii.  12)  io 
Walton's  Angler,  chap.  L 


/ 


HUDIBEAS.  [PAET   L 

As  being  loth  to  wear  it  out, 

And  therefore  bore  it  not  about, 

Unless  on  holy-days,  or  so. 

As  men  their  best  apparel  do.  SO 

Beside,  'tis  known  he  could  speak  Greek 

As  naturally  as  pigs  squeak  :  ' 

That  Latin  was  no  more  difficile, 

Than  to  a  blackbird  'tis  to  whistle. 

Being  rich  in  both,  he  never  scanted  55 

His  bounty  unto  such  as  wanted ; 

But  much  of  either  would  afford 

To  many,  that  had  not  one  word. 

For  Hebrew  roots,  although  they're  found 

To  flourish  most  in  barren  ground,^  60 

He  had  such  plenty,  as  sufficed 

To  make  some  think  him  circumcised ; 

And  truly  so,  perhaps,  he  was, 

'Tis  many  a  pious  Christian's  case.' 

He  was  in  Logic  a  great  critic,  65 

Profoundly  skill'd  in  Analytic  ; 
He  could  distinguish,  and  divide 
A  hair  'twixt  south  and  south-west  side  ; 
On  either  which  he  would  dispute. 
Confute,  change  hands,  and  still  confute.**  7o 

He'd  undertake  to  prove,  by  force 
Of  argument,  a  man's  no  horse  ; 

'  "  He  Greek  and  Latin  speaks  with  greater  ease 
Than  hogs  eat  acorns,  and  tame  pigeons  peas." 

Craii/ield's  Panegyric  on  Tom  Cariate. 
'  Alluding  probably  to  a  notion  promulgated  by  Echard  and  Sir  Thomas 
Browne,  that  as  Hebrew  is  the  primitive  language  of  man,  children,  if  re- 
moved from  all  society,  "  brought  up  in  a  wood,  and  suckled  by  a  wolf," 
would,  at  four  years  old,  instinctively  speak  Hebrew.  Some  students  in 
Hebrew  (especially  John  Ryland,  the  friend  of  Robert  Hall)  have  been 
very  angry  with  these  lines,  and  assert  that  they  have  done  more  to  pre- 
vent the  study  of  that  language,  than  all  the  professors  have  done  to  pro- 
mote it. 

'  In  the  first  editions  this  couplet  was  differently  expressed. 
And  truly  so  he  was  perhaps. 
Not  as  a  proselyte,  but  for  claps. 
*  Carneadcs,  the  academic,  having  one  day  disputed  at  Rome  very  copi- 
nuslv  in  praise  of  justice,  refuted  every  word  on  the  morrow,  by  a  train  oJ 
contrary  arguments. — Something  similar  is  said  of  Cardinal  Perron. 


OAHTO   I.l  HUriBKAS.  1 

He'd  prove  a  buzzard  is  ud  fowl, 

And  that  a  Lord  may  be  au  owl ; 

A  calf  au  Aldermau.'  a  goose  a  Justice,'  75 

And  rooks,  Comiuittee-Meu  or  Trustees.' 

He'd  ruu  in  debt  by  disputation, 

And  pay  with  ratiocination. 

All  this  by  syllotcism  true, 

In  mood  and  figure,  he  would  do.  30 

For  Ehetoric,  he  could  not  ojie 
His  mouth,  hut  out  there  flew  a  trope  : 
And  when  he  happen' d  to  break  off 
I'  th'  middle  of  his  speech,  or  cough,'' 
H'  had  hard  words  ready,  to  show  why,'  86 

And  tell  what  rides  he  did  it  by. 
Else,  when  with  greatest  art  he  spoke, 
You'd  think  he  talk'd  like  other  folk. 
For  all  a  Rhetorician's  rules 

Teach  nothing  but  to  name  his  tools.  90 

But  when  he  pleased  to  show  't,  his  speech 
In  loftiness  of  sound  was  rich  ; 

'  Such  was  Alderman  Pennington,  who  sent  a  person  to  Newgate  for 
■inginc  what  he  called  a  malignant  psalm. 

2  After  the  declaration  of  No  more  addresses  to  the  king,  they  who 
before  were  not  above  the  condition  of  ordinary  constables  now  became 
justices  of  the  peace.  Chelmsford,  at  the  beginning  of  the  rebellion,  was 
goTemed  by  two  tailors,  two  cobblers,  two  pedlars,  and  a  tinker. 

'  A  rook  is  supposed  to  devour  the  grain  ;  hence,  by  a  figure,  applied 
to  the  committee-men,  who,  under  the  authority  of  parliament,  harassed 
and  oppressed  the  co\mtry,  devouring,  in  an  arbitrary  manner,  the  property 
of  those  thoy  did  not  like.  An  ordinance  was  passed  in  1649,  for  the  sale  of 
the  royal  lands,  to  pay  the  army  ;  the  common  soldiers  purchasing  by  regi- 
ments, like  corporations,  and  having  trustees  for  the  whole.  Those 
trustees  often  purchased  the  soldiers'  shares  at  a  very  small  price,  and 
cheated  both  officers  and  soldiers,  by  detaining  the  trust  estates  for  their 
own  use. 

'  The  preachers  of  those  days  looked  upon  coughing  and  hemming  as 
ornaments  of  speech ;  and  when  they  printed  their  sermons,  noted  in  the 
margin  where  the  preacher  coughea  or  hemm'd.  This  practice  was  not 
confined  to  England,  for  Olivier  Maillard,  a  Conklicr,  and  famous  preacher, 
printed  a  sermon  at  Brussels  in  the  year  1500,  and  marked  iu  the  margin 
where  the  preacher  hemm'd  once  or  twice,  or  coughed. 

'  .\raongst  the  "hard  words"  of  the  rhetoricians  ridiculed  here,  were 
such  as  hyporbaton,  ccphoncsis,  asyndetou,  aporia,  humcposis,  hyperbole, 
hvpomonc,  apodioxis,  onadiplosis,  &c.  &c.;  for  the  meanings  of  which,  .see 
^t'ebster's  Dictionary. 


8  HUDTBBAS.  [PAB?    :, 

A  Babylonish  dialect, 

"Which  learned  pedants  much  affect. 

It  was  a  parti-colour'd  dress  95 

Of  patch' d  and  piebald  languages: 

'Twas  English  cut  on  Greek  and  Latin, 

Like  fustian  heretofoi-e  on  satin.' 

It  had  an  odd  promiscuous  tone 

As  if  h'  had  talk'd  three  parts  in  one  ;  lOO 

Which  made  some  think,  when  he  did  gabble, 

Th'  had  heard  three  labourers  of  Babel ;  ^ 

Or  Cerberus  himself  pronounce 

A  leash  of  languages  at  once. 

This  he  as  volubly  would  vent  105 

As  if  his  stock  would  ne'er  be  spent : 

And  truly,  to  support  that  charge. 

He  had  supplies  as  vast  and  large. 

For  he  could  coin,  or  counterfeit 

New  words,  with  little  or  no  wit ;  110 

"Words  so  debased  and  hard,  no  stone 

"Was  hard  enough  to  touch  them  on. 

And  when  with  hasty  noise  he  spoke  'em, 

The  ignorant  for  current  took  'em. 

That  had  the  orator,  who  once  116 

Did  fill  his  mouth  with  pebble  stones  ' 

"When  he  harangued,  but  known,  his  phrase. 

He  would  have  used  no  other  ways. 

In  Mathematics  he  was  greater 
Than  Tycho  Brahe,  or  Erra  Pater :  *  120 

'  Slashed  sleeves  and  hose  may  be  seen  in  the  pictures  of  Dobson,  Van- 
dyke, and  others;  they  were  coarse  fustian  pinked,  or  cut  into  holes,  that 
tie  satin  might  appear  through  it. 

'  Diodorus  Siculus  mentions  some  southern  islands,  the  inhabitants  of 
which,  having  their  tongues  divided,  were  capable  of  speaking  two  different 
languages  at  once,  and  Eabelais,  in  his  account  of  the  monster  Hearsay  (see 
Works,  Bohn's  Edit.  v.  2,  p.  45),  observes,  that  his  mouth  was  slit  up  to  his 
ears,  and  in  it  were  seven  tongues,  each  of  them  cleft  into  seven  parts,  and 
that  lie  talked  with  all  the  seven  at  once,  of  different  matters,  and  in  divers 
languages. 

3  Demosthenes. 

*  William  Lilly,  the  famous  astrologer  of  those  times.  The  House  of 
Commons  had  so  great  a  regard  to  his  predictions,  that  the  author  of  Mer- 
curius  Pragmaticus  (No.  20)  styles  the  members  the  sons  of  Erra  Pater, 
an  old  astrologer,  of  whose  predictions  John  Taylor,  the  water  poet,  makes 
mention. 


CAHTO   I.]  HCDIBEAS.  9 

For  he,  by  geometric  scale, 
Could  take  the  size  of  pots  of  ale  ; 

Eesolve,  bj  siues  aud  tangents  straight, 

If  bread  or  butter  wanted  -neight ; ' 

And  wisely  tell  wliat  hour  o'  tli'  day  125 

,         The  clock  does  strike,  by  Algebra. 
•»  v^         Beside,  he  was  a  shrewd  Philosopher, 

And  had  read  ev'ry  text  aud  gloss  over : 

Whate'er  the  crabbed'st  author  hath,'' 

He  understood  b'  implicit  faith  :  j30 

Whatever  Sceptic  could  iiujuire  for ; 

For  every  wiit  he  had  a  wiieeefoee:* 

Knew  more  than  forty  of  them  do, 

As  far  as  words  and  terms  coidd  go. 

All  which  he  understood  by  rote,  135 

And,  as  occasion  served,  would  quote ; 

No  matter  whether  right  or  WTono- ; 

They  might  be  either  "said  or  a\mg. 

His  notions  fitted  things  so  well, 

That  which  was  which  he  could  not  tell ;  140 

But  oftentimes  mistook  the  one 

For  th'  other,  as  great  clerks  have  done. 

He  could  reduce  all  things  to  acts, 

And  knew  their  natures  by  abstracts  ;  * 

Where  entity  and  quiddity,  146 

The  ghost  of  defunct  bodies  fly  ; ' 

'  As  a  justice  of  the  peace  it  was  his  duty  to  inspect  weights  and  measures : 
"  For  well  his  'Worship  knows,  that  ale-house  sins 
Maintain  himself  in  gloves,  his  wife  in  pins." 

A  Sat>/r  ariainst  Hypocrites,  p.  3,  1. 

'  J.^^*">:  '^"Py  ""^^'^  warrant  it,  I  should  read  "  author  saith."     Nath 
j-«  ^^'" ,'•'''  ^'^  '^"^'^  answer  one  question  by  asking  another,  or  elude  one 
difficulty  hy  proposing  another.     Kay  gives  the  phrase  as  a  proverb.     See 
Handbook  ot  Proverbs,  p.  142. 

«  A  thing  is  in  potcntia,  when  it  is  possible,  but  docs  not  actually  exist  ■ 
a  thing  IS  in  act,  when  it  is  not  only  possible,  but  docs  exist.  A  thing  is 
said  to  be  reduced  from  power  into  act,  when  that  which  was  only  possible 
begins  rcaUy  to  exist.  Uow  far  we  can  know  the  nature  of  things  by  ab- 
stracts, has  long  been  a  dispute.    See  Locke,  on  the  Understanding. 

•A  satire  upon  the  abstract  notions  of  the  metaphvsicians.  IJutkr  humor, 
ously  caUs  the  metaphysical  essences  ghosts  or  shadows  of  real  substances 


10 


HUDIBBA.8.  IPABr    £. 

Where  Truth  in  person  does  appear,' 

Like  words  congeal' d  in  northern  air.^_ 

He  knew  what's  what,  and  that's  as  high 

As  metaphysic  wit  can  fly.^  160 

In  school-divinity  as  ahle 
As  he  that  hight  irrefragable  ; 
A  second  Thomas,  or  at  once. 
To  name  them  all,  another  Duns  :  * 
Profound  in  all  the  nominal,  16S 

And  real  ways,  beyond  them  all ; 
And,  with  as  delicate  a  hand. 
Could  twist  as  tough  a  rope  of  sand  ;  * 
And  weave  fine  cobwebs,  fit  for  scull 
That's  empty  when  the  moon  is  full ;  *  160 

Such  as  take  lodgings  in  a  head 
That's  to  be  let  unfurnished. 

'  Some  authors  have  represented  truth  as  a  real  thing  or  person,  whereas 
it  is  nothing  but  a  right  method  of  putting  man's  notions  or  images  ot  things 
into  the  same  state  and  order  that  their  originals  hold  m  nature.     See 

2^ In  Rabe^lais,  Pantagruel  throws  upon  deck  three  or  four  handfuls  of 
frozen  words.  This  notion  is  humorously  elaborated  in  the  Tatler,  p.  2o4, 
and  in  Munchausen's  Travels.  ^ 

3  The  jest  here  is  in  giving  a  vulgar  expression  as  the  translation  ot  tue 
"nuid  est  quid"  of  our  old  logicians.  ,     ,.  .       ,    .        .      j 

4  These  two  lines  were  omitted  after  the  second  edition,  but  restored 
in  1701  This  whole  passage  is  a  smart  satire  upon  the  old  School  divines, 
raanv  of  whom  were  honoured  with  some  extravagant  epithet,  and  as 
well  known  by  it  as  by  their  proper  names :  thus  Alexander  Hahs  was  called 
doctor  irrefragable,  or  invincible ;  Tho,ruis  Aquinas  the  angelic  doctor,  or 
eao-le  of  divines ;  Duns  Scotus,  the  great  opponent  ot  the  doctrine  of  Aquinas 
acquired,  by  his  logical  acuteness,  the  title  of  the  subtle  doctor.  This  las 
was  father  of  the  Reals,  and  William  Ockham  of  the  Nomina  s.  See  a  full 
account  of  these  Schoolmen  in  Tennemann's  Manual  (Bohn  s  edit.  p.  243 

^  ''a  OTOverbial  saying  appUcable  to  those  who  lose  their  labour  by  busy- 
in"-  themselves  in  trifles,  or  attempting  thjigs  impossible.  The  couplet 
stood  thus  in  the  first  and  all  succeeding  editions  tdl  1704  ;  — 

For  he  a  rope  of  sand  could  twist 

As  tough  as  learned  Sorbonist. 
The  proverb  is  supposed  to  be  derived  from  the  storv  of  the  devil  being 
hnulkcd  of  a  soul  for  which  he  had  contracted  (under  the  guise  of  a  doctor 
of  the  College  of  Sorbonne),  by  not  being  able  to  make  a  rope  of  sand. 
•  That  is,  subtle  questions  or  foolish  conceits,  fit  for  the  brain  of  a  lunatic 


3AKTO   I.]  HrDIBHAS.  H 

He  coiilJ  raise  scruples  dark  and  nice, 

And  after  solve  'em  iu  a  trice ; 

As  it"  Diviuity  had  catcli'd  1B6 

The  itch,  on  purpose  to  be  scrateh'd ; 

Or,  like  a  mountebank,  did  wound 

And  stab  herself  with  doubts  profonnd, 

Oidy  to  show  witli  how  sm.ill  pain 

The  sores  of  Faith  are  cured  again ;  no 

Altho'  by  wofid  proof  we  find 

They  always  leave  a  scar  behind. 

He  knew  the  seat  of  Paradise, 

Could  tell  in  what  degree  it  lies  ; ' 

And,  as  he  was  disposed,  could  prove  it,  176 

Below  tlie  moon,  or  else  above  it : 

What  Adam  dreamt  of  when  his  bride 

Came  from  her  closet  in  his  side : 

Whether  the  devil  tempted  her 

By  a  High-Dutch  interpreter :  ^  ISO 

If  either  of  them  had  a  navel ; ' 

AYho  first  made  music  malleable:  < 

«  This  is  a  banter  upon  the  many  learned  and  laborious  treatises  which 
have  been  published  on  the  Site  of  Paradise ;  some  affirming  it  to  bo  above 
the  moon,  others  above  the  air;  some  that  it  is  the  whole  world,  others 
only  a  part  of  the  north  ;  some  thinking  that  it  was  nowhere,  whilst  others 
supposed  It  to  he  God  knows  where  in  the  West  Indies.  Eudbcck,  a 
.Swede,  a.sserts  that  Sweden  was  the  real  Paradise.  The  learned  Bishop 
lluct  gives  a  map  of  Paradise,  and  says  it  is  situated  upon  the  canal 
fonned  by  the  Tigris  and  Euphrates,  near  Aracca.  Mahomet  assured  his 
ftjUowers,  that  Paradise  was  seated  in  heaven,  and  that  Adam  was  cast  out 
from  thence  when  he  transgressed.  Humboldt  (see  Cosmos,  Bolm,  vol  i. 
p.  364-5)  Ijnngs  up  the  rear,  with  telling  us  that  every  nation  has  a  Para- 
dise somewhere  on  the  other  side  of  the  mountains. 

»  Job  Goropius  Becanus  maintained  the  Teutonic  to  be  the  first  and  most 
ancient  language  in  the  world,  and  assumed  it  to  have  been  spoken  in  Paradise 
•  .  "  "™''.T  "'"  ";<^ ''"""  "f  <'»'  Kinsr's  antechamber  at  St  James's,  is  a 
pic  ure  of  Adam  and  Eve,  pauited  by  Mabuse,  which  formerly  hung  in  the 
pallery  at  Wiitehall,  thence  called  the  Adam  and  Eve  Gallery.  Evch-n 
IK  the  preface  to  his  'Idea  of  the  Perfection  of  Painting,'  mentions  this 
pieture.and  ob|prt«  to  the  absurdity  of  representing  Adam  and  Eve  mth 
navels.  See  Sir  Thomas  Walpole's  Anecdotes  of  Painting.  Browne,  in  his 
\  uigar  Errors,  has  a  chapter  expressly  on  this  subject,  and  is,  no  doubt, 
what  the  poet  is  quizzing.  j      .  >  , 

'  Thisrclatesto  the  idea  that  music  was  first  invented  bvPvthagoras  03 
hearing  tlic  vanations  of  sound  produced  by  a  blacksmith  striking  his  an\-iJ 
with  a  hammer— a  storj  which  bas  been  frequently  ridiculed. 


13  HUDIBEAS.  [part    I. 

WTaetlier  the  serpent,  at  the  fall, 
Had  cloven  feet,  or  none  at  all.' 

All  this  without  a  gloss,  or  comment,  195 

He  could  unriddle  in  a  moment. 
In  proper  terras,  such  as  men  smatter, 
When  they  throw  out,  and  miss  the  matter. 
,/  For  his  Religion,  it  was  fit 

"^        To  match  his  learning  and  his  wit :  190 

'Twas  Presbyterian  true  blue,^ 
For  he  was  of  that  stubborn  crew 
Of  errant '  saints,  whom  all  men  grant 
To  be  the  true  church  militant :  * 
Such  as  do  build  their  faith  upon  195 

The  holy  test  of  pike  and  gun ;  * 
Decide  all  controversy  by 
Infallible  artillery  ; 
And  prove  their  doctrine  orthodox 
By  apostolic  blows  and  knocks  ;  200 

Call  fire,  and  sword,  and  desolation, 
A  godly-thorough-Eeformation, 
"Which  always  must  be  carried  on. 
And  stUl  be  doing,  never  done : 

'  That  curse  upon  the  serpent,  "  on  thy  belly  shalt  thou  go,"  seeming  to 
imply  a  deprivation  of  \Yhat  he  enjoyed  before,  has  been  thought  to^  imply 
that  the  serpent  must  previously  have  had  feet.  Accordingly  St  Basil  says, 
he  went  erect  like  a  man,  and  had  the  use  of  speech,  before  the  fall. 

'  "  True  blue,"  which  is  foimd  in  the  old  proverb,  "  true  blue  will  never 
stain,"  is  used  here  as  an  indication  of  stubborn  adherence  to  party,  right 
or  wrong.  There  is  another  reference  to  it  in  Part  III.,  Canto  II.,  line  870. 
Blue  has  immemorially  been  regarded  as  the  emblematical  colour  of  fidelity, 
and  was  the  usual  livery  of  servants. 

came  a  velvet  justice,  with  a  long 

Great  train  of  blue-coats,  twelve  or  fourteen  strong. 

Donne,  Sat  I. 

'  Literally,  itinerant,  such  as  missionaries.  But  the  poet  no  doubt  uses 
the  word  "  errant"  with  a  double  meaning,  that  is,  in  the  sense  of  knights 
"errant  "  as  well  as  "errant"  knaves. 

1  The  church  on  earth  is  called  militant,  as  struggling  with  temptations, 
and  subject  to  persecutions :  but  the  Presbyterians  of  those  days  were  liter- 
ally the'  church  mUitant,  fighting  with  the  establishment,  and  all  that  op- 
posed them.  TT  ij  u  ■ 

»  Cornet  Joyce,  when  he  carried  away  the  king  from  Holdenby,  being 
desired  by  his  Majesty  to  show  his  instructions,  drew  up  his  troop  in  the  i» 
ner  court,  and  said,  "These,  sir,  are  my  instructions." 


CASTO   I.]  nUDIBHAS.  18 

As  if  Eolii2;ion  were  intended  205 

For  nothing  else  but  to  be  mended. 

A  sect,  whose  chief  devotion  lies 

In  odd  perverse  antipathies: ' 

In  fallinr;  out  with  that  or  this, 

And  fiudins;  somewhat  still  amiss  :  ^  210 

More  peevish,  cross,  and  splenetick, 

Than  dos;  distract,  or  monkey  sick  : 

That  with  more  care  keep  holy-day 

The  wrong,  than  others  the  right  way  : ' 

Compound  for  sins  they  are  inclined  to,  21S 

By  damning  those  they  have  no  mind  to  : 

Still  so  perverse  and  opposite. 

As  if  they  worshipp'd  God  for  spite. 

The  self-same  thing  they  will  abhor 

One  way,  and  long  another  for.  220 

Free-will  they  one  way  disavow, 

Another,  nothing  else  allow.^ 

All  piety  consists  therein 

In  them,  in  other  men  all  sin. 

Hather  than  fail,  they  will  defy  225 

That  which  they  love  most  tenderly ; 

'  The  PresbTtcrians  not  only  opposed  some  of  the  articles  of  belief  held 
by  others,  but  also  the  pastimes  and  amusements  of  the  people,  .\mong 
other  thin^,  they  reckoned  it  sinful  to  eat  plum-porridp^c,  or  minced  pics, 
at  Christmas.  'The  cavaliers,  observing  the  formal  carriage  of  their  adver- 
saries, fell  into  the  opposite  extreme,  and  ate  and  drank  plentifully  every 
day,  especially  after  the  Restoration. 

=  Queen  Eliz.ibeth  was  often  heard  to  say,  that  she  knew  very  well  what 
would  content  the  Catholics,  but  eould  never  learn  what  woiild  content 
the  Puritans. 

'  In  the  year  164.5,  Christmas-day  was  ordered  to  be  observed  as  a  fast  : 
and  on  the  other  hand,  Oliver,  when  Protector,  was  /enj/c<Z  by  the  lord  mayor 
on  .\sh- Wednesday,  ^^^lcn  James  the  First  desired  the  magistrates  of  Edin- 
burgh to  feast  the  French  ambassadors  before  their  return  to  France,  the 
ministers  proclaimed  a  fast  to  be  kept  the  same  day.  The  innovation  is  thua 
irittily  satirized  in  a  b.allad  of  the  time : 

"  Gone  are  the  golden  days  of  voro, 
"WTien  Christmas  was  an  high  dav, 
Whose  sports  we  now  shall  sec  no  inore,— 
'Tis  tum'd  into  Good  Friday." 

*  As  maintaining  absolute  predestination,  and  denying  the  liberty  of  man's 
will:  at  the  same  time  contending  for  absolute  freedom  in  rites  and  cere- 
monies, and  the  discipline  of  the  church. 


1^4  HUDIBBAS.  [PAET   t. 

Quarrel  with  minced  pies,  and  disparage 
Tlieir  best  and  dearest  friend,  plum-porridgc; 
Pat  pig  and  goose  itseK  oppose. 

And  blaspheme  custard  through  the  nose.  230 

Th'  apostles  of  this  fierce  religion, 
Like  Mahomet's,  were  ass  and  widgeon,' 
To  whom  our  knight,  by  last  instinct 
Of  wit  and  temper,  was  so  linkt, 
\s  if  hypocrisy  and  nonsense  235 

Had  got  th'  advowson  of  his  conscience-^ 

Thus  was  he  gifted  and  accouter'd, 
"VVe  mean  on  th'  inside,  not  the  outward : 
That  nest  of  all  we  shall  discuss  ; 
Then  listen.  Sirs,  it  followeth  thus  :  24C 

His  tawny  beard  was  th'  equal  grace 
Both  of  his  wisdom  and  his  face  ; 
In  cut  tod  dye  so  like  a  tile,^ 
A  sudden  view  it  would  beguile  : 
The  upper  part  thereof  was  whey,  245 

T,he  nether  orange,  mist  with  grey. 
This  hairy  meteor  did  denounce 
The  fall  of  sceptres  and  of  crowns  ;  * 
With  grisly  type  did  represent 
Declining  age"  of  government,  250 

'  The  Ass  is  the  milk-white  heast  called  Alhorach,  which  Mahomet  tells 
us  in  the  Koran,  the  ansel  Gabriel  brought  to  carry  him  to  the  presence 
of'  God  Alborach  refused  to  let  him  get  up,  unless  he  would  promise  to 
procure  him  an  entrance  into  paradise.  Widgeon  means  the  pigeon,  which 
Mahomet  taught  to  eat  out  of  his  ear,  that  it  might  he  thought  to  be  the 
means  of  divine  communication.  Our  poet  calls  it  a  widgeon,  for  the  sake 
of  equivoque :  widgeon,  in  the  figurative  sense,  signifying  a  foolish  silly 

fellow.  .         .  1   ti   ■    1 

'  Dr  Bruno  Ryves,  in  his  Mercurms  Eusticus,  gives  a  remarkable  instance 
of  a  fanatical  conscience,  in  a  captain,  who  was  invited  by  a  soldier  to  eat 
part  of  a  goose  with  him,  but  refused,  because  he  said  it  was  stolen;  but 
being  to  march  away,  he,  who  would  eat  no  stolen  goose,  made  no  scruple 
to  ride  away  upon  a  stolen  mare. 

^  In  the  time  of  Charles  I.,  the  beard  was  worn  sharply  peaked  m  a  tn- 
angular  form,  like  the  old  English  tiles.  Some  had  pasteboard  cases  to  put 
over  their  beards  in  the  night,  lest  they  should  get  rumpled  during  their 

^  ''•"^As  a  comet  is  supposed  to  portend  some  public  calamity,  so  this  par- 
liamentary beard  threatened  monarchy. 


OLVrO   t.]  HUDIBEA9.  15 

And  tell,  \\-\t\\  hierocilypliif  spade,' 

Its  onu  grave  and  the  state's  were  made. 

Like  Samson's  heart-breakers,  it  grew 

In  time  to  make  a  nation  rue  ;  ^ 

Tho'  it  contributed  its  own  fall,  265 

To  wait  upon  the  public  downl'al :  ' 

It  was  canonic,^  and  did  grow 

In  holy  orders,  by  strict  vow :  * 

Of  rule  as  sullen  and  severe 

As  that  of  rigid  Cordeliere.s  263 

'Twas  bound  to  sufter  persecution 

And  martyrdom  with  resolution  ; 

T'  oppose  itself  against  the  hate 

And  vengeance  of  th'  incensed  state  : 

In  whose  defiance  it  was  worn,  265 

Still  ready  to  be  pull'd  and  torn. 

With  red-hot  irons  to  be  tortured, 

Eeviled,  and  spit  upon,  and  martyr'd. 

'  Alluding  to  the  pictnres  of  Time  and  Death. 

'  Heart-breakers  were  particular  curls  wdi-n  by  tho  ladies,  and  sometimes 
by  men.  Samson's  strenjrth  consisted  in  his  ha'ir:  when  that  was  cut  off, 
he  was  taken  prisoner ;  when  it  grew  again,  ho  was  able  to  pull  down  the 
house,  and  destroy  his  enemies. 

•  >tany  of  the  Presbyterians  and  Independents  swore  not  to  cut  their 
beards  till  monarchy  and  episcopacy  were  ruined.  Such  vows  were  common 
among  the  barbarous  nations,  especially  the  Germans.  Civilis,  as  we  learn 
(rom  Tacitus,  having  destroyed  the  Roman  legions,  cut  his  hair,  which  he 
had  vowed  to  let  grow  from  his  first  taking  up  anns.  And  it  became  at 
len:.'th  a  national  custom  among  some  of  the  Germans,  never  to  trim  their 
hair,  or  their  beards,  till  they  had  killed  an  enemy. 

•  The  later  editions,  for  canonic,  read  monastic". 

»  The  vow  of  not  shaving  the  beard  till  some  particular  event  happened 
was  not  uncommon  in  those  times.     In  a  humorous  poem,  falsely  ascribed 
to  Mr  Butler,  entitled  The  Cobler  and  Vicar  of  Bray,  we  read, 
This  worthy  knight  was  one  that  swore 

He  would  not  cut  his  beard, 
Til  this  ungodly  nation  was 

From  kings  and  bishops  clear'd. 
WTiich  holy  vow  he  firmly  kept, 

And  most  devoutly  wore 
A  grisly  meteor  on  his  face, 
Till  they  were  both  no  more. 

•  An  order  so  called  in  France,  from  the  knotted  cord  which  they  wore 
about  their  middles.  In  England  they  verc  named  Grey  Friars  and  wer» 
the  strictest  branch  of  the  Franciscans.  ' 


13  nUDIBEAS.  [PAET  I. 

Maugre  all  wbich,  'twas  to  stan,\  fast 

As  long  as  monarchy  should  last ;  270 

But  when  the  state  should  hap  to  reel, 

'Twas  to  submit  to  fatal  steel, 

And  fall,  as  it  was  consecrate 

A  sacrifice  to  fall  of  state  ; 

"Whose  thread  of  life  the  fatal  sisters '  376 

Did  twist  together  with  its  whiskers. 

And  twine  so  close,  that  Time  should  never, 

In  life  or  death,  their  fortunes  sever ; 

But  with  his  rusty  sickle  mow 

Both  down  together  at  a  blow.  280 

So  learned  Taliacotius,  from 

The  brawny  part  of  porter's  bum, 

Cut  supplemental  noses,  which 

"Would  last  as  long  as  parent  breech  :  * 

But  when  the  date  of  Nock  was  out,^  S85 

Off  dropt  the  sympathetic  snout. 

His  back,  or  rather  burthen,  show'd 
As  if  it  stoop'd  with  its  own  load. 
Por  as  ^neas  bore  his  sire 

"CTpon  his  shoulders  thro'  the  fire,  290 

Our  knight  did  bear  no  less  a  pack 
Of  his  own  buttocks  on  his  back : 
Which  now  had  almost  got  the  upper- 
Hand  of  his  head,  for  want  of  crupper. 
To  poise  this  equally,  he  bore 
A  paunch  of  the  same  bulk  before : 
"Which  still  he  had  a  special  care 
To  keep  well-cramm'd  with  thrifty  fare ; 
As  white-pot,''  butter-milk,  and  curds, 
Such  as  a  country-house  aflbrds  ;  300 

1  Clotho,  Lacliesis,  and  Atropos,  the  three  destinies  whom  the  ancient 
poets  feigned  to  spin  and  determine  how  long  the  thread  of  life  should  last. 

"  Taliacotius  was  professor  of  physic  and  surgery  at  Bologna,  where  he 
was  born,  1553.  His  treatise  in  Latin,  on  the  art  of  ingrafting  noses,  is 
well  known.     See  a  very  humorous  account  of  him,  Tatler,  No.  260. 

3  Nock  is  a  British  word,  signifying  a  slit  or  crack,  and  hence,  figura- 
tively, the  fundament ;  but  the  more  usual  term  was  vock-andro.  Nock, 
Nockys,  is  used  by  Gawin  Doviglas  in  his  version  of  the  .Eneid,  for  ths 
bottom  or  extremity  of  anything. 

•  A  Devonshire  dish. 


2dS 


CASTO    I.]  HUBIEBAS.  17 

With  other  victual,  which  anon 
A\'o  further  shall  dilate  upon, 
AVhen  of  liis  hose  we  come  to  treat, 
The  cupboard  where  he  kept  his  meat. 

His  doublet  was  of  sturd}'  buft",  305 

And  though  not  sword,  yet  cudgel-proof, 
Whereby  'twas  fitter  for  his  use, 
AVho  i'ear'd  no  blows  hut  such  as  bruise.' 

His  breeches  were  of  rugged  woollen, 
And  had  been  at  the  siege  of  Bulleu  ;  310 

To  old  King  Harry  so  well  known, 
Some  writers  held  they  were  his  own.' 
Thro'  they  were  lined  with  many  a  piece 
Of  ammuuition-bread  and  cheese. 
And  fat  black-puddings,  proper  food  318 

For  warriors  that  delight  in  blood. 
For,  as  we  said,  he  always  chose 
To  carry  vittle  in  his  hose, 
That  often  tempted  rats  and  mice. 
The  ammunition  to  surprise  :  320 

And  when  he  put  a  hand  but  in 
The  one  or  th'  other  magazine. 
They  stoutly  in  defence  on't  stood. 
And  from  the  wounded  foe  drew  blood  ; 
And  tiU  th'  were  storm'd  and  beaten  out,  325 

Ne'er  left  the  fortified  redoubt : 
And  tho'  knights  errant,  as  some  think, 
Of  old  did  neither  eat  nor  drink,' 
Because  when  thorough  deserts  vast, 
And  regions  desolate,  tliey  past,  830 

'WTiere  belly-timber  above  ground. 
Or  under,  was  not  to  be  found, 

'  A  man  of  nice  honour  suffers  more  from  a  kick,  or  a  slap  in  the  face, 
than  from  a  wound.  Sir  Walter  R.aleigh  says,  to  be  strucken  with  a  sword 
is  like  a  man,  hut  to  he  strucken  with  a  stick  is  like  a  slave. 

Henrv  VIII.  besieged  liinilojine  in  person,  July  14,  1544.  He  was 
very  fat,  and  consec^uently  his  breeches  very  large.  See  the  engravings 
pulilished  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 

'  "Though  I  think,  savs  Don  Quixote,  that  I  have  read  as  many  his- 
tories of  chivalry  in  my  time  aa  any  other  man,  I  never  could  find  that 
knights  errant  ever  eat,  unless  it  were  by  mere  accident,  when  they  were  in- 
vited to  great  feasts  and  royal  banquets  ;  at  other  timi'S,  they  indulged 
themselves  with  little  other  food  besides  their  thoughts." 


18  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET    1. 

Tjiiless  they  grazed,  there's  not  one  word 

Of  their  provision  on  record : 

Which  made  some  confidently  write,  335 

They  had  no  stomachs  but  to  fight. 

'Tis  false  :  for  Arthur  wore  in  hall 

Eound-table  like  a  farthingal,' 

On  which,  with  shirt  pull'd  out  behind, 

And  eke  before,  his  good  knights  dined.  340 

Tho'  'twas  no  table  some  suppose. 

But  a  huge  pair  of  round  trimk-hose  : 

In  which  he  carried  as  much  meat 

As  he  aud  all  his  knights  could  eat,^ 

"When  laying  by  their  swords  and  truncheons,        345 

They  took  their  breakfasts,  or  their  nuncheons.' 

But  let  that  pass  at  present,  lest 

AYe  shovJd  forget  where  we  digrest ; 

As  learned  authors  use,  to  whom 

We  leave  it,  and  to  th'  piu-pose  come.  350 

His  puissant  sword  imto  his  side, 
Near  his  undaunted  heart,  was  tied, 
With  basket-hilt,  that  would  hold  broth, 
And  serve  for  fight  and  dinner  both. 
In  it  he  melted  lead  for  bullets,  355 

To  shoot  at  foes,  and  sometimes  pulltts ; 
To  wliom  he  bore  so  fell  a  gruteh. 
He  ne'er  gave  quarter  t'  any  such. 
The  trenchant  blade,  Toledo  trusty,* 
For  want  of  fighting  was  grown  rusty,  360 

'  The  farthingale  was  a  large  hoop  petticoat  worn  by  the  ladies.  King 
Arthur  is  said  to  have  made  choice  of  the  round  table  that  his  knights 
might  not  quarrel  about  precedence. 

'  True-wit,  in  Ben  Jonson's  Silent  "Woman,  says  of  Sir  Amorous  La 
Fool,  "  If  he  could  but  victual  himself  for  half-a-year  iu  his  breeches,  he  is 
sufficiently  armed  to  overrun  a  country."     Act  4,  sc.  5. 

=  A  substitute  for  a  regular  meal ;  equiv,alent  to  what  is  now  called  a 
luncheon.  Our  ancestors  in  the  13th  and  1-tth  century  had  four  meals  a 
flay,— breakfast  at  7  ;  dinner  at  10 ;  suppor  at  4 ;  and  livery  at  8  or  9  ;  soon 
after  which  they  went  to  bed.  The  tradesmen  and  laboui-ing  people  had 
only  three  meals  a  day, — breakfast  at  8 ;  dinner  at  12  ;  and  supper  at  6. 
Thev  had  no  livery. 

•  'Toledo,  in  Spain,  famous  for  tho  manufacture  of  swords :  the  Toledo 
blades  were  generally  broad,  to  wear  on  horseback,  and  of  great  lengtl), 
luitable  to  the  old  Spanish  dress. 


CAlfTO    I.]  nUDlBB.V8.  19 

And  ate  into  itself,  for  lack 

Of  somebody  to  hew  aud  hack. 

The  peaceful  scabbai-d  where  it  dwelt, 

The  rancour  of  its  edt;e  had  felt : 

For  of  the  lower  end  two  handful  306 

It  had  devour'd,  'twas  so  manful, 

And  so  much  scorn'd  to  lurk  in  case, 

As  if  it  durst  not  show  its  face. 

In  many  desperate  attempts. 

Of  warrants,  exigents,  contempts,'  370 

It  had  appear'd  with  courage  bolder 

Than  Serjeant  Bum,  invading  shoulder  :  '^ 

Oft  had  it  ta'en  possession. 

And  pris'ners  too,  or  made  them  run. 

This  sword  a  dagger  had,  his  page,  375 

That  was  but  little  for  his  ago :  ' 
And  therefore  waited  on  him  so, 
As  dwarfs  upon  knights  errant  do. 
It  was  a  serviceable  dudgeon,* 

Either  for  fighting  or  for  drudging  :  *  3S0 

"VVTien  it  had  stabb'd,  or  broke  a  head, 
It  would  scrape  ti-encliers,  or  chip  bread, 
Toast  cheese  or  bacon,'"'  though  it  were 
To  bait  a  mouse-trap,  'twould  not  care. 
'Twould  make  clean  shoes,  and  in  the  earth  3S6 

Set  leeks  and  onions,  aud  so  forth : 
It  had  been  'prentice  to  a  brewer, 
"Wliere  this,  and  more,  it  did  endure ; 
But  left  the  trade,  as  many  more 
Have  lately  done,  ou  the  same  score.^  390 

'  Exigent  is  a  writ  issued  in  order  to  bring  a  person  to  an  outlawry,  if 
lie  does  not  appear  to  answer  the  suit  commencea  against  him. 

'  Alluding  to  the  method  by  which  bum-bailiffs,  as  they  are  called,  arrest 
persons,  bvgiving  them  a  tap  on  the  shoulder. 

'  Thus  IIi)mcr  accoutres  Agamemnon  with  a  dagger  hanging  near  his 
tword,  which  ho  used  instead  of  a  knife.     Iliad.  Lib.  iii.  271. 

♦  A  dudgeon  was  a  short  sword,  or  dagger :  from  the  Teutonic  Degen. 

'  That  is,  for  domestic  uses  or  any  drudgery,  such  as  follows  in  the  next  verses. 

•  Corporal  Nvm  says,  in  Shakspearo's  llenrj^  V.,  "  I  dare  not  fight,  but 
I  will  wmk.  and  hold  out  mine  iron ;  it  is  a  simple  one,  but  what  though 
— it  will  toast  cheese." 

'  .\  joke  upon  Oliver  Cromwell,  who  was  said  to  be  the  son  of  a  brewer  in 
Huntingdonsttire.   It  was  frequently  the  subject  of  lampoons  during  his  life- 

0  2 


2C  HTJDIBEAS.  [PAET   1. 

Ill  th'  holsters,  at  his  saddle-bow, 
Two  aged  pistols  he  did  stow, 
Among  the  surplus  of  such  meat 
As  in  his  hose  he  could  not  get. 
These  would  inveigle  rats  with  th'  scent,  395 

To  forage  when  the  cocks  were  bent ; 
And  sometimes  catch  'em  with  a  snap, 
As  cleverly  as  th'  ablest  trap. 
They  were  upon  hard  duty  stiU, 
And  every  night  stood  sentinel,  400 

To  guard  the  magazine  i'  th'  hose. 
Prom  two-legg'd,  and  from  four-legg'd  foes. 

Thus  clad  and  fortified,  Sir  Knight, 
Prom  peaceful  home,  set  forth  to  fight. 
But  first,  with  nimble  active  force,  405 

He  got  on  th'  outside  of  his  horse.' 
Por  having  but  one  stirrup  tied 
T'  his  saddle,  on  the  fiu-ther  side. 
It  was  so  short,  h'  had  much  ado 
To  reach  it  with  his  desp'rate  toe.  410 

But  after  many  strains  and  heaves. 
He  got  upon  the  saddle  eaves. 
Prom  whence  he  vaulted  into  th'  seat. 
With  so  much  vigour,  strength,  and  heat, 
That  he  had  almost  tumbled  over  416 

With  his  own  weight,  but  did  recover, 
By  laying  hold  on  tail  and  mane, 
Which  oft  he  used  instead  of  rein. 

But  now  we  talk  of  mounting  steed, 
Before  we  further  do  proceed,  420 

It  doth  behove  us  to  say  something 
Of  that  which  bore  our  valiant  bumkin. 

time.     Pride  had  been  a  brewer,  Hewson  aud  Scott  brewers'  clerks. 

'  Nothing  can  be  more  completely  droll,  than  this  description  of  Hudi- 
bras  mounting  his  horse.  He  had  one  stirrup  tied  on  the  off-side  very  short, 
the  saddle  very  large ;  the  knight  short,  fat,  and  unwieldy,  having  his 
breeches  and  pockets  stuffed  with  black  puddings  and  other  provision,  over- 
acting his  effort  to  mount,  and  nearly  tumbling  over  on  the  opposite 
side ;  his  single  spur,  we  may  suppose,  catching  in  some  of  his  horse's 
furniture.  Cleveland  identifies  this  picture  in  his  lines  :  —  "  like  Sir  Sa- 
muel Luke  in  a  great  saddle,  nothing  to  be  seen  but  the  giddy  feather  in 
his  crown." 


CUrrO   I.]  HTJDIBRAS.  21 

The  beast  Tras  sturdy,  large,  aud  tall, 

"With  mouth  of  nieai.  and  eyes  of  wall ; 

I  would  say  eye,  for  h'  had  but  one,  425 

As  most  agree,  though  some  say  none. 

He  was  well  stay'd,  and  in  his  gait, 

Preserv'd  a  grave,  majestic  state. 

At  spur  or  switch  no  more  he  skipt. 

Or  mended  pace,  than  Sp.aniard  whipt ;  430 

Ajid  yet  so  fiery,  he  would  bound. 

As  if"  he  grieved  to  touch  the  ground : 

That  Caesars  horse,  who,  as  fame  goes, 

Had  corns  upon  his  feet  and  toes,^ 

Was  not  by  half  so  tender-hooft,^  43£ 

Nor  trod  upon  the  ground  so  sott : 

And  as  that  beast  would  kneel  aud  stoop. 

Some  write,  to  take  his  rider  up  :  ' 

So  Hudibras  his,  'tis  well  known, 

Would  often  do,  to  set  him  down.  HO 

We  shall  not  need  to  say  what  lack 

Of  leather  was  upon  his  back  : 

For  th.at  was  hidden  under  pad. 

And  breech  of  Knight  gall'd  full  as  bad. 

His  strutting  ribs  on  both  sides  show'd  445 

Like  furrows  he  himself  had  plow'd  : 

For  underneath  the  skirt  of  pannel, 

'Twist  every  two  there  was  a  channel. 

His  draggling  tail  hung  in  the  dirt, 

Wliich  on  his  rider  he  would  flirt, 

Still  as  his  tender  side  he  priekt. 

With  arm'd  heel,  or  with  uuarm'd,  kickt : 

For  Hudiliras  wore  but  one  spur, 

As  wisely  knowing,  could  he  stir 

'  This  nUudes  tn  Sir  Enprcr  I'Estranprc's  story  of  a  Spaniard,  who  was 
condemned  to  nin  the  jauntlct,  and  disdained  to 'avoid  any  part  of  the  pun- 
ishment bv  raendinjr  his  paee.  .•  •  i  j 

«  Suetonius  relates,  that  the  hoofs  of  Cscsar's  horse  were  djviUed 
like  human  toes.     See  also  Montfaucon,   Antiquite  expliqu^e,   ■voi.  ii 

p.  58 

•  Stirrups  were  not  in  use  in  the  time  of  Coesar.  Common  persons,  who 
were  actirc  and  hardv,  vaulted  into  their  seats ;  and  persons  of  distinction 
had  their  horses  taught  to  bend  down  towards  the  ground,  or  alse  they  mre 
assisted  by  their  equerries. 


460 


22  HITDIBSAS.  [PAET   1. 

To  active  trot  one  side  of  s  horse,  455 

The  other  would  not  hang  an  arse.' 

A  Squire  he  had,  whose  name  was  Ralph,* 
That  in  th'  adventure  went  his  half. 
Though  writers,  for  more  stately  tone. 
Do  call  him  Ealpho,  'tis  all  one  :  460 

And  when  we  can,  with  metre  safe, 
"We'll  caU  him  so,  if  not,  plain  Eaph.' 
For  rhyme  the  rudder  is  of  verses, 
With  which,  like  ships,  they  steer  their  courses. 
An  equal  stock  of  wit  and  valour  465 

He  had  lain  in,  by  birth  a  tailor. 
The  mighty  Tyrian  queen  that  gain'd, 
"With  subtle  shreds,  a  tract  of  land,* 
Did  leave  it,  with  a  castle  fair, 

To  his  great  ancestor,  her  heir  ;  470 

From  him  descended  cross-legg'd  knights  ; ' 
Famed  for  their  faith  and  warlike  fights 
Against  the  bloody  Cannibal,^ 
"Whom  they  destroy'd  both  great  and  small. 

'  This  jest  had  previously  appeared  in  an  old  hook  called  Gratia  ludentes, 
or  Jests  from  the  ITniversitij,  1638,  where  it  runs  thus  :  "  A  scholar  beinn 
jeered  oa  the  way  for  wearing  but  one  spur,  said  that  if  one  side  of  his  hor^ 
went  on,  it  was  not  likely  the  other  would  stay  behind." 

^  As  the  knight  was  of  the  Presbyterian  party,  so  the  squire  was  an  Ana- 
baptist *  Independent.  This  gives  our  author  an  opportunity  of  charac- 
terizing these  several  sects,  and  of  showing  their  joint  concnn-ence  against 
the  king  and  church. 

'  Sir  Roger  L' Estrange  supposes,  that  the  origin.al  of  Ralph  was  one 
Isaac  Robinson,  a  butcher  in  Moorfields  :  another  authority  thinks  that  the 
character  was  designed  for  Pemblc  a  tailor,  one  of  the  committee  of  seques- 
trators. Grey  supposes,  that  the  name  of  Ralph  was  taken  from  the  grocer's 
apprentice,  in  Beaumont  and  Fletcher's  "  Knight  of  the  Burning  Pestle." 
Mr  Pemberton,  who  was  a  relation  and  godson  of  Mr  Butler,  said,  that  the 
'squire  was  designed  for  Ralph  Bedford,  esquire,  member  of  parliament  for 
the  town  of  Bedford. 

•  The  allusion  is  to  the  well-known  story  of  Dido,  who  purchased  as 
much  land  as  she  could  surround  with  an  ox's  hide.  She  cut  the  hide  into 
extremely  narrow  strips,  and  so  obtained  twenty-two  furlongs.  See  Virg 
^neid.  lib.  i.  367. 

'  A  double  allusion.  Tailors  sit  at  their  work  in  tliis  posture  ;  and  Cru- 
saders are  represented  on  funeral  monuments  witli  their  legs  across. 

'  Tailors,  as  well  as  Crusaders,  are  famed  for  their  faith,  though  of  dif- 
ferent kinds.  The  words,  bloody  camiibal,  are  meant  to  be  equally  ap- 
plicable to  the  Saracens  and  a  louse. 


Ckjno  i]  nrDiBHAS.  23 

This  sturilv  Siiuire  lind,  as  well  476 

As  the  bold  Trojau  kuight,  sceu  hell,' 

Not  with  a  counterteitetl  pnss 

Of  goldeu  bou_£;h,  but  true  ijold  lace. 

His  knowledge  was  not  far  behind 

The  knight's,  but  of  another  kind,  480 

And  he  another  way  came  by't ; 

Some  call  it  Gifts,  and  some  New  Light. 

A  lib'ral  art,  that  costs  no  pains 

Of  study,  industry,  or  brains. 

His  wit'a  were  seiit  him  for  a  token,''  488 

But  in  the  carriage  crack'd  and  broken. 

Like  commendation  nine-pence,  crookt 

"With — to  and  from  my  love— it  lookt.' 

He  ne'er  consider'd  it,  as  loth 

To  look  a  gift-horse  in  the  mouth  ;  490 

And  Tery  wisely  would  l.iy  forth 

No  more  upon  it  than  'tw.as  worth.* 

But  as  he  got  it  freely,  so 

He  spent  it  frank  and  freely  too. 

For  saints  themselves  will  sometimes  be,  496 

Of  gifts  that  cost  them  nothing,  free. 

By  means  of  this,  with  hem  and  cough, 

Prolongers  to  enlighten'd  snuft','' 

He  could  deep  mysteries  unriddle, 

As  easily  as  thread  a  needle ;  BOO 

1  In  allusion  to  J5neas's  descent  into  hell,  and  tne  tailor's  receptacle  for 
his  filchings.  also  called  hell. 

•  Var.  "  His  wit  was  sent  him." 

•  From  this  p.issaje,  and  the  proverb  "he  has  brought  his  noble  to 
niaepence,"  one  would  be  led  to  conclude,  that  coins  were  commonly  struck 
of  that  value  ;  but  onlv  two  instances  of  the  kind  are  recorded  by  Mr  Folkes, 
both  dufing  the  civil  wars,  the  one  at  Dublin,  and  the  other  at  ^cw_al■k. 
Lon"  before  this  period,  however,  by  roval  proclamation  of  July  9,  lool. 
the  base  testoons  or  shilling  of  Hcnrv  VTIl.  and  Edward  VI.  were  rated  iit 
ninepcnce,  and  these  were  a»  abundant  as  sixpenoes  or  shillings  until 
1696,  when  all  money  not  miUed  was  called  in.  Such  nieces  were  often 
bent  and  given  as  love-tokena,  and  were  called  "To  my  love  and  from  my 
lore."     See  Tatler,  No.  240.  . 

«  'WTien  the  barber  came  to  shave  Sir  Thomas  More,  the  morning  or  Ins 
execution,  the  prisoner  told  him,  "  tliat  there  was  a  contest  betwixt  the 
King  and  him  /or  his  head,  and  he  would  not  wilUngly  lay  out  more  u])on 
it  than  it  was  wortli."  j  v    t.    i    .    /. 

»  EMightmd  »;>«/■.— This  reading,  which  is  confirmed  by  Butler  s  Oe. 


24  HUDIBBAS.  [PAET   1. 

For  as  of  vagabonds  we  say, 

That  they  are  ne'er  besidetheir  way  : 

"Wliate'er  men  speak  by  this  new  light, 

Still  they  are  sure  to  be  i'  th'  right. 

'Tis  a  dark-lanthorn  of  the  spirit,  505 

Which  none  see  by  but  those  that  bear  it  : 

A  light  that  falls  down  from  on  high,' 

For  spiritual  trades  to  cozen  by  : 

An  ignis  fatuus,  that  bewitches, 

And  leads  men  into  pools  and  clitches,^  610 

To  make  them  dip  themselves,  and  sound 

For  Christendom  in  dirty  pond ; 

To  dive,  like  wild-fowl,  for  salvation, 

And  fish  to  catch  regeneration. 

This  light  inspires,  and  plays  upon  515 

The  nose  of  saint,  like  bagpipe  drone, 

And  speaks  through  hollow  empty  soul, 

As  through  a  trunk,  or  whisp'ring  hole, 

Such  language  as  no  mortal  ear 

But  spiritual  eaves-droppers  can  hear.  520 

So  Phoebus,  or  some  friendly  muse, 

Into  small  poets  song  infuse  ;' 

Which  they  at  second-hand  rehearse, 

Thro'  reed  or  bag-pipe,  verse  for  verse. 

Thus  Ealph  became  infallible,  525 

As  three  or  four  legg'd  oracle. 
The  ancient  cup,  or  modern  chair ;  * 
Spoke  truth  point  blank,  though  unaware. 

nuine  Eemains,  seems  preferable  to  "  eulightcned  stuff,"  and  is  a  good 
allusion.  As  a  lamp  just  expu-ing  with  a  faint  light,  for  want  of  oil,  emits 
flashes  at  intervals;  so  the  tailor's  shallow  discourse,  like  the  extempore 
preaching  of  his  brethren,  was  lengthened  out  with  hems  and  coughs,  wi.h 
stops  and  pauses,  for  want  of  matter. 

'  A  burlesque  parallel  between  traders  in  spiritual  gifts,  and  traders  who 
show  their  goods  to  advantage  by  meaiis  of  sky-lights. 

'  An  allusion  to  the  Anabaptists,  or  Dippers.  There  were  two  sorts  of 
Anabaptists,  one  called  the  Old  Men  or  Aspersi,  because  they  were  only 
sprinkled  ;  the  other  called  New  Men  or  Immersi,  because  they  were  over- 
whelmed in  their  rebaptization.     See  Uercurms  Rt^sticm,  No.  3. 

»  Poetry  and  Enthusiasm  are  closely  allied  :  a  Poet  is  an  Enthusiast  in 
jest ;  an  Enthusiast  a  Poet  in  earnest. 

^  AUudjng  to  Joseph's  divining-cup,  Gen.  xliv.  5;  the  Pope's  infallible 
chair ;  and  the  tripos,  or  three-legged  stool  of  the  priest^s  of  Apollo  a' 


CAKTO    I.]  nUDIBEAS.  26 

For  mystic  leamiug  wondrous  able 

In  magic  talisman,  ami  cabal,'  630 

Whose  primitive  tradition  reaches, 

As  fiir  as  Adam's  first  fjrcen  breeches:* 

Deep-sighted  in  intelligences, 

Ideas,  atoms,  influences  ; 

And  much  of  terra  incognita,  636 

Th'  intelligible  -world  could  say  ;  ' 

A  deep  occult  philosopher, 

As  leam'd  as  the  wild  Irish  arc,* 

Or  Sir  Agrippa,  for  profound 

And  solid  lying  much  renown'd  :  ^  540 

Delphi.  Four-legg'd  oracle  probably  means  telling  fortunes  from  qua- 
drupeds. 

'  Talism.in  was  a  magical  inscription  or  figure,  engraved  or  cast  by  the 
direction  of  astrologers,  under  certain  positions  of  the  heavenly  bodies,  and 
thought  to  have  great  efficacy  as  a  preservative  from  diseases  and  all  kinds 
of  evil.  Cabal,  or  cabbala,  is  a  sort  of  divination  by  letters  or  numbers  :  it 
signifies  like»-ise  the  secret  or  mvstcrio\is  doctrines  of  any  religion  or  sect. 
In  the  time  of  Charles  II.  it  oljtaincd  its  present  signification  as  being 
applied  to  the  intriguing  junto  composed  of  Clifford,  Ashley,  Buck- 
ingham, Arlington,  and  Lauderdale,  the  first  letters  of  whose  names  form 
the  word. 

'  The  author  of  the  Mayia  Adamica  endeavours  to  prove,  that  the  learn- 
ing of  the  ancient  Magi  was  derived  from  the  knowledge  which  God  com- 
municated to  Adam  in  paradise.  The  second  line  is  a  burlesque  on  the  Ge- 
nevan translation  of  the  Bible,  Genesis  iii.,  which  reads  breeches,  instead 
of  aprons.  In  Mr  Butler's  character  of  an  hermetic  philosopher  we  read  : 
"  he  derives  the  pedigree  of  m.agic  from  Adam's  first  green  breeches ;  be- 
cause fig-leaves,  being  the  first  covering  that  mankind  wore,  arc  the  most 
ancient  monuments  of  concealed  mvstcries." 

"  "  Ideas,  according  to  my  philosophy,  are  not  in  the  soul,  but  in  a  su- 
perior intelligible  nature,  wherein  the  soul  only  beholds  and  contemplates 
them."     See  Norris's  Letter  to  Dodwell,  on  the  Immortality  of  the  Soul, 

J.  114.  Noih.  But  it  is  more  probable  that  Butler  is  alluding  to  Gabriel 
ohn's  Theory  of  an  Intelligible  World,  publ.  London,  1700  ;  a  book  which 
created  much  sensation  at  the  time,  and  is  supposed  to  have  furnished  Swift 
with  some  of  his  material. 

*  See  the  am  lent  and  modem  customs  of  the  Irish,  in  Camden's  Britannia, 
and  Speid's  Theatre  of  Great  Britain. 

*  Agrippa  was  bom  at  Cologne,  ann.  1186,  and  knighted  for  his  military 
•erriccs  under  the  Emperor  Maximilian.  WTjen  very  young,  he  published 
a  book  De  Occuiti  Philosop/iia.  which  contains  almost  all  tlie  stories  that 
ever  rogucr)-  invi  ntcd,  or  credulity  swallowed,  concerning  the  operations  Cff 
magic.  Hut  in  his  i<per  years  Agrippa  was  thoroughly  ashamed  of  tllb 
bdok,  and  suppressed  it  in  his  collected  works. 


26  HFDII5EAS.  [PABT    t. 

tie  Antliroposophus,'  and  Floud, 

And  Jacob  Behmen  understood  ; 

Knew  many  an  amidet  and  charm, 

That  would  do  neither  good  nor  harm  ; 

In  Eosicrucian  lore  as  learned,^  646 

As  he  that  vere  adepiits  '  earned. 

He  xmderstood  the  speech  of  birds  * 

As  well  as  they  themselves  do  words  ; 

Could  tell  what  subtlest  parrots  mean, 

That  speak  and  thinls:  contrary  clean  ;  ^  650 

What  member  'tis  of  whom  they  talk. 

When  they  cry  Eope — and  AValk,  Knave,  walk.* 

'  A  nickname  given  to  Dr  Vaughan,  author  of  a  discourse  on  the  condi- 
tion of  man  after  death,  entitled,  Anthroposophia  theomagica, — which,  ac- 
cording to  Dean  Swift,  is  "  a  piece  of  the  most  unintelligible  fustian  that 
perhaps  was  ever  published  in  any  language."  Robert  Floud  (or  Fhidd), 
ton  of  Sir  Thomas  Floud,  Treasurer  ot  War  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  was  Doc- 
tor of  Physic,  and  devoted  to  occult  philosophy.  He  wrote  an  apology  for 
the  Rosicrucians,  also  a  system  of  physics,  called  the  Mosaic  Philosophy, 
and  many  other  mystical  works,  to  the  extent  of  6  vols,  folio.  Jacob  Beh- 
men was  an  enthusiast  of  the  same  period,  and  wrote  unintelligibly  in 
mystical  terms.  Mr  Law,  who  revived  some  of  his  notions,  calls  hiin  a 
Theosopher. 

2  The  Rosicrucians  were  a  sect  of  hermetical  philosophers.  They  owed 
their  origin  to  a  German,  named  Christian  Rosenkreuz,  but  fi-cquently  went 
by  other  names,  such  as  the  lUuminati,  the  Immortalcs,  the  Invisible  Bro- 
thers. Their  learning  had  a  great  mixture  of  enthusiasm ;  and  as  Lemery, 
the  famous  chymist,  says,  "  it  was  an  art  without  an  art,  whose  beginning 
was  lying,  whose  middle  was  labour,  and  whose  end  was  beggary." 

'  The  title  assumed  by  alchemists,  who  pretended  to  have  discovered  the 
philosopher's  stone. 

*  Porphyry,  De  Abstinentia,  lib.  iii.  cap.  3,  contends  that  animals  have  a 
language,  and  that  men  may  understand  it ;  and  the  author  of  the  Targum 
on  Esther  says,  that  Solomon  understood  the  speech  of  birds. 

s  In  allusion,  no  doubt,  to  the  story  of  Henry  the  Eighth's  parrot,  which 
falling  into  the  Thames,  cried  out,  A  boat,  twenty  pounds  for  a  boat,  and 
was  saved  by  a  waterman,  who  on  restoi-ing  him  to  the  king  claimed  the 
reward.  But  on  an  appeal  to  the  parrot  he  exclaimed.  Give  the  knave  a  groat. 

8  Alluding  probably  to  Judge  Tomlinson,  who  in  a  ludicrous  speech,  on 
swearing  in  the  Sheriffs,  said :  "  You  are  the  chief  executioners  of  sentences 
upon  malefactors,  Mr  Sheriffs ;  therefore  I  shall  entreat  a  favour  of  you. 
I  have  a  kinsman,  a  rope-maker ;  and  as  I  know  you  will  have  many  oc- 
casions during  the  year  for  his  services,  I  commend  him  to  you."  A 
satirical  tract  was  published  by  Edw.  Gayton,  probably  levelled  at  Colonel 
Hewson,  with  this  title,  "  Walk,  knaves,  walk :  a  discoirse  intended  ta 
have  been  spoken  at  court,"  &c. 


CAHTO   I.]  HtJDlBBAS.  27 

He'd  extract  numbers  out  of  matter,' 

And  keep  them  in  a  glass,  like  water. 

Of  sov'reign  power  to  make  men  wise  :  *  565 

For,  dropt  in  blear,  thick-sighted  eyes, 

They'd  make  them  see  in  darkest  night. 

Like  owls,  tho'  purblind  in  the  light. 

B_v  help  of  these,  as  he  protest. 

He  had  first  matter  seen  uudrcst :  660 

He  took  her  naked,  all  alone, 

Before  one  rag  of  form  was  on.^ 

The  chaos  too  he  had  descry'd. 

And  seen  quite  thro',  or  else  he  lied : 

Not  that  of  pasteboard,  which  men  shew  665 

For  groats,  at  fair  of  Barthol'raew  ;  ■• 

But  its  great  grandsire,  first  o'  th'  name, 

"Whence  that  and  Eeibrmation  came, 

Both  cousin-germans,  and  right  able 

T'inveigle  and  draw  in  the  rabble  :  570 

But  Keformation  was,  some  say, 

O'  th'  younger  house  to  puppet-play.^ 

He  could  foretell  whats'ever  was. 

By  consequence,  to  come  to  pass  : 

As  death  of  great  men,  alterations,  675 

Diseases,  battles,  inundations  : 

All  this  without  th'  eclipse  of  th'  sun, 

'  Every  absvird  notion,  that  could  be  picked  up  from  tlic  ancients,  was 
udopted  by  the  wild  enthusiasts  of  our  author's  days.  Plato,  as  Aristotle 
informs  us,  Metaph.  lib.  i.  c.  6,  conceived  numbers  to  exist  by  themselves, 
beside  the  sensiblcs,  like  accidents  witliout  a  substance.  Pythagoras  main- 
tained that  sensible  things  consisted  of  numbers.  lb.  lib.  xi.  o.  G.  And  see 
Plato  in  his  Cratylus. 

5  The  Pythajjorean  philosophy  held  that  there  were  certain  mystical 
chomis  in  certain  numbers. 

Plato  helrl  whatsoe'er  encumbers 

Or  strengthens  empire,  comes  from  numbers.     Butler's  MS. 

'  Tlius  Cleveland,  page  110.  "  The  next  ingredient  nf  a  diurnal  is  plnta( 
horrible  plots,  which  with  wonderful  sagacity  it  hunts  dry  foot,  while  they 
are  yet  in  their  causes,  before  materi:t  prima  can  put  on  her  sraoek." 

*  The  puppet-shows,  sometimes  called  Moralities  or  Mysteries,  exhibited 
Chaos  the  Creation,  Flood,  Xalivity,  and  other  subjects  of  sacred  history,  on 
pasteboard  scenery.  These  induced  manv  to  read  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ment; and  is  therefore  called  the  Elder  lirother  of  the  lleformatiori. 

'  That  is,  the  Sictaries,  in  their  pretence  to  inspiration,  assumed  to  be 
passive  instruments  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  directed  like  puppets. 


28  HrDIBBAS.  [PABT  I. 

Or  dreadf  j1  comet,  lie  hath  done 

By  Inward  Light,  a  way  as  good, 

Anrl  easy  to  be  understood :  680 

But  with  more  lucky  hit  than  those 

That  use  to  make  the  stars  depose, 

Like  knights  o'  th'  post,'  and  falsely  charge 

Upon  themselves  what  others  forge  ; 

As  if  they  were  consenting  to  685 

All  mischief  in  the  world  men  do  : 

Or,  like  the  devil,  did  tempt  and  sway  'em 

To  rogueries,  and  then  betray  'em. 

They'll  search  a  planet's  house,  to  know 

Who  broke  and  robb'd  a  house  below ;  590 

Examine  Venus  and  the  Moon, 

"Who  stole  a  thimble  and  a  spoon  :  ^ 

And  tho'  they  nothing  will  confess, 

Tet  by  their  very  looks  can  guess, 

And  teU  what  guilty  aspect  bodes,  69S 

Who  stole,  and  who  received  the  goods. 

They'U  question  Mars,  and,  by  his  look, 

Detect  who  'twas  that  nimm'd  a  cloak ; 

Make  Mercury  confess,  and  'peach 

Those  thieves  which  he  himself  did  teach.*  600 

They'U  find,  i'  th'  physiognomies 

O'  th'  planets,  all  men's  destinies  ; 

Like  him  that  took  the  doctor's  bill, 

And  swallow'd  it  instead  o'  th'  pill.* 

Cast  the  nativity  o'  th'  question,*  605 

And  from  positions  to  be  guest  on, 

1  Knights  of  the  post  were  infamous  persons,  who  attended  the  courts  of 
justice,  to  swear  for  hire  anything  that  miglit  he  required,  and  even  to 
confess  themselves  guilty  of  crimes,  upon  sufficient  remuneration :  they  ac- 
quired the  designation  from  their  habit  of  loitering  at  the  posts  on  which 
the  sheriffs'  proclamations  were  affixed. 

^  Alluding  to  the  old  notion,  that  the  moon  was  the  repository  of  all 
things  that  were  lost  or  stolen. 

'  Mercury  is  the  god  of  thieves,  and  Mars  of  pirates. 

*  This'alludes  to  a  well-known  story  told  in  Henry  Stephens's  apology 
for  Herodotus.  A  physician,  having  prescribed  for  a  countryman,  ^ave  him 
the  paper,  desiring  him  to  take  it,  which  he  did  literally,  wrapping  it  up  like 
a  bolus,  and  was  cured. 

'  In  casting  a  nativity,  astrologers  considered  it  necessary  to  have  the  ex- 
act time  of  birth  ;  hut  in  the  absence  of  this,  the  position  of  the  heavens  at 
the  minute  the  question  was  asked  was  t&ken  as  a  substitute. 


CASrO    I  ]  HTJBIBEAS.  20 

Aa  sure  as  if  they  knew  the  moment 

Of  Native's  birth,  tell  whiit  will  come  on't 

They'll  feel  the  pulses  of  the  stars, 

To  find  out  agues,  coughs,  catarrhs :  Oio 

And  tell  what  crisis  does  divine 

The  rot  in  sheep,  or  mange  in  swine : 

In  men,  what  gives  or  cures  the  itch, 

AVhat  made  them  cuckolds,  poor,  or  rich  ; 

AV'hat  gains,  or  loses,  hangs,  or  saves,  61  o 

"What  makes  men  great,  what  fools,  or  knaves  ; 

"But  not  what  wise,  for  only  of  those 

The  stars,  they  say,  cannot  dispose,' 

No  more  than  can  the  astrologians. 

There  they  say  right,  and  like  true  IVojans.  620 

This  Ralpho  knew,  and  therefore  took 

The  other  course,  of  which  we  spoke.'^ 

Tlius  was  th'  accomplish'd  squire  endued 
With  gifts  and  knowledge  per'lous  shrewd. 
Never  did  trusty  squire  with  knight,  625 

Or  knight  with  squire,  jump  more  right. 
Their  amis  and  equipage  did  fit. 
As  well  as  virtues,  parts,  and  ■^•it : 
Their  valours  too,  were  of  a  rate, 
And  out  they  sallied  at  the  gate.  630 

Few  miles  on  horseback  had  they  jogged, 
But  fortune  unto  them  turn'd  dogged  ; 
For  they  a  sad  adventure  met, 
Of  which  anon  we  mean  to  treat : 
But  ere  we  venture  to  unfold  635 

Achievements  so  resolved  and  bold. 
We  should,  as  learned  poets  use. 
Invoke  th'  assistance  of  some  Muse  ; 
However  critics  count  it  sillier. 
Than  jugglers  talking  t'  a  familiar :  640 

AVe  think  'tis  no  great  matter  which  ; 
They're  all  ahke,  yet  we  shall  pitch 

'  So/MCTii  dominahifiir  astru  (the  wise  man  will  govern  the  stars),  was 
in  old  proverb  among  the  astrologers.  Bishop  Warburton  obstrvps,  that  the 
obscurity  in  these  lines  arises  from  the  double  sense  of  the  word  dispose ; 
when  it  relates  to  the  stars,  it  signifies  inflttence ;  when  it  relates  to  astio- 
logers,  it  sismifies  dfceive. 

'  i.  e.  did  not  take  to  astrological,  but  to  religious  imposture. 


30  HUDIBEAS  [part    I. 

On  one  that  fits  our  purpose  most, 

Whom  therefore  thus  we  do  accost :  — 
r     Thou  that  with  ale,  or  viler  liquors,  645 

^Didst  inspire  Withers,  Pryn,  and  Vickars,' 

And  force  them,  though  it  were  in  spite 

Of  Nature,  and  their  stars,  to  write  ; 

Who,  as  we  find  in  sullen  writs. 

And  cross-grain' d  works  of  modern  wits.  660 

With  vanity,  opinion,  want. 

The  wonder  of  the  ignorant. 

The  praises  of  the  author,  penn'd 

By  himself,  or  wit-insuring  friend  ; 

The  itch  of  picture  in  the  front,  655 

With  bays,  and  wicked  rhyme  upon't, 

AU  that  is  left  o'  th'  forked  hiU  ^ 

To  make  men  scribble  \rithout  skill ; 

Canst  make  a  poet,  sjsite  of  fate, 

And  teach  all  people  to  translate ;  660 

Though  out  of  languages,  in  which 

They  understand  no  part  of  speech  ; 

Assist  me  but  this  once,  I  'mplore, 

And  I  shall  trouble  thee  no  more. 

In  western  clime  there  is  a  town,^  665 

To  those  that  dwell  therein  well  known, 

Therefore  there  needs  no  more  be  said  here, 

We  unto  them  refer  our  reader ; 

For  brevity  is  very  good. 

When  w'  are,  or  are  not  understood.*  670 

To  this  town  people  did  repair 

On  days  of  market,  or  of  fair, 

'  Georpje  'Witter,  a  violent  party  -writer,  and  author  of  many  poetical 
pieces ;  William  Prynne,  a  Toluminous  -nriter,  and  author  of  the  HiUrio- 
maslix,  for  which  he  lost  his  ears  ;  John  Vickars,  a  fierce  parliamentary 
zealot.  A  list  of  the  works  of  these  and  other  writers  of  the  period  will  be 
found  in  Loiondes^  Bibl.  Ma^iual. 

»  That  is,  Parnassus,  supposed  to  be  cleft  on  the  summit. 

'  He  probably  means  Brentford,  about  eight  miles  west  of  London.  See 
Part  ii.  Cant.  iii.  ver.  996. 

^  "  If  we  are  understood,  more  words  are  unnecessary ;  if  we  are  not  likely 
to  be  understood,  they  are  useless."  Charles  II.  answered  the  Earl  o! 
Manchester  with  the  above  couplet,  only  changing  very  for  ever,  when  he 
was  making  a  long  speech  iu  favour  of  the  dissenters. 


ciKTO  i.l  nuriBiiAS.  31 

And  to  crai.-k'J  fiddle,  and  hoarse  tabor, 

In  merrinieut  did  drudge  aud  labour  ; 

But  now  a  sport  more  formidable  675 

Had  raked  together  village  rabble  : 

'Twas  an  old  way  of  recreating, 

AVhich  learned  butchers  call  bear-baiting  ; 

A  bold  adveut'rous  exercise, 

"With  ancient  heroes  in  high  prize ;  680 

Por  authors  do  affirm  it  came 

From  Isthmian  or  Nemean  game  ; 

Others  derive  it  from  the  bear 

That's  fix'd  in  northern  hemisphere, 

And  round  about  the  pole  does  make  685 

A  circle,  like  a  bear  at  stake, 

That  at  the  chain's  end  wheels  about, 

And  overturns  the  rabble-rout. 

For  after  solemn  proclamation,' 

In  the  bear's  name,  as  is  the  fashion,  690 

According  to  the  law  of  arms. 

To  keep  men  from  inglorious  harms. 

That  none  presume  to  come  so  near 

As  forty  feet  of  stake  of  bear  ; 

If  any  yet  be  so  fool-hardy,  696 

T'  expose  themselves  to  vain  jeopardy, 

If  they  come  wounded  oiF,  and  lame, 

No  honour's  got  by  such  a  maim, 

Altho'  the  bear  gain  much,  b'ing  bound 

In  honour  to  make  good  his  ground,  700 

"WTien  he's  engag'd,  and  take  no  notice. 

If  any  press  upon  him,  who  'tis, 

But  lets  them  know,  at  their  own  cost. 

That  he  intends  to  keep  his  post. 

This  to  prevent,  and  other  harms,  708 

Which  always  wait  on  feats  of  arms, 

For  in  the  hurry  of  a  fray 

'Tis  hard  to  keep  out  of  harm's  way. 

Thither  the  Knight  his  course  did  steer 

To  keep  the  peace  'twist  dog  and  bear,  7io 

'  The  proclamation  here  mentioned  was  nsuaUy  made  at  bear  or  bull- 
baiting.  The  people  were  warned  by  the  stewara  not  to  come  within  40 
feet  of  the  bull  or  bear,  at  their  peril. 


32  HTJDIBEAS.  [PABT   I 

As  lie  believed  h'  was  bound  to  do 
In  conscience,  and  commission  too  ; ' 
And  therefore  thus  bespoke  the  Squire  ;  — 

"We  that  are  wisely  mounted  higher 
Than  constables,  in  curule  wit,  716 

When  on  tribunal  bench  we  sit,^ 
Like  speculators,  should  foresee, 
Prom  Pharos'  of  authority, 
Portended  mischiefs  farther  than 
Low  proletarian  tything-men  :  ■*  720 

And  therefore  being  inform'd  by  bruit, 
That  dog  and  bear  are  to  dispute ; 
Por  so  of  late  men  fighting  name. 
Because  they  often  prove  the  same  ; 
Por  where  the  first  does  hap  to  be,  725 

The  last  does  coincidere. 
Quantum  in  nobis,  have  thought  good 
To  save  th'  expense  of  Christian  blood. 
And  try  if  we,  by  mediation 

Of  treaty,  and  acconuiiodation,  730 

Can  end  the  quarrel,  and  compose 
The  bloody  duel  without  blows. 

Are  not  our  liberties,  our  lives, 
The  laws,  religion,  and  our  wives, 

1  The  Presbyterians  and  Independents  were  great  enemies  to  those  sports 
with  which  the  country  people  amused  themselves,  and  which  King 
James  had  most  expressly  encouraged,  and  even  countenanced  on  a  Sunday, 
as  well  by  act  of  Parliament  as  hy  writing  his  "  Book  of  Sports  "  (pub- 
lished 1618)  in  their  favour.  Hume,  anuo  1660,  says,  "  KO.  recreations 
were  in  a  manner  suspended,  by  the  rigid  severity  of  the  Presbyterians 
and  Independents ;  even  bear-baiting  was  esteemed  heathenish  and  un- 
christian; the  sport  of  it,  not  the  inhumanity,  gave  offeuce.  Colonel 
Hewson,  in  his  pious  zeal,  marched  with  his  regiment  into  London,  and 
destroyed  all  the  bears  which  were  there  kept  for  the  diversion  of  the 
citizens.     This   adventure   seems   to   have   given  birth  to  the  fiction  ol 

Hudibras."  _  .,,,,,         ,      a- 

2  Some  of  the  chief  magistrates  in  Rome  were  said  to  hold  curiUe  ottices, 
from  the  chair  of  state  or  chariot  they  rode  in,  called  sella  curuUs. 

'  Pharos,  a  celebrated  light-house  of  antiquity,  500  feet  high,  whence  the 
English  word  Pharos,  a  watch-tower. 

4  Proletarii  were  the  lowest  class  of  people  among  the  Romans ;  by  af- 
fiiin"  this  term  to  tythingmen,  the  knight  implies  the  little  estimation  in 
which  they  were  held. 


CAXTO    I.]  HUDIBHAS.  33 

Euous;h  at  once  to  lie  at  stake  736 

For  Cov'uant,'  and  the  Cause's  sake  ?  * 

But  in  that  quarrel  dogs  and  bears. 

As  well  as  we.  must  venture  theirs  ? 

This  feud,  hv  .Jesuits  invented, 

By  evil  counsel  is  fomented  ;  7iO 

There  is  a  Maehiavelian  plot, 

The'  ev'rj  nare  olfact  it  not ; ' 

A  deep  design  in't,  to  divide 

The  well-atl'ected  that  confide, 

By  setting  brother  against  brother  7i3 

To  claw  and  curry  one  another. 

Have  we  not  enemies  plus  sntis, 

That  cane  et  angtie  pejus  *  hate  us  ? 

And  shall  we  turn  our  fangs  and  claws 

Upon  our  own  selves,  without  cause  ?  750 

That  some  occult  design  doth  lie 

In  bloody  cynarctomachy,^ 

Is  plain  enough  to  him  that  knows 

How  saints  lead  brothers  by  tlie  nose. 

I  wish  myself  a  pseudo-prophet,  755 

But  sure  some  mischief  will  come  of  it, 

'  This  was  the  Solemn  League  and  Corenant,  which  was  fii-st  framed  and 
taken  bv  the  Scottish  parliament,  and  by  them  sent  to  the  parliament  of 
England,  in  order  to  unite  the  two  nations  more  closely  in  religion.  It  was 
received  and  taken  by  both  houses,  and  by  the  City  of  London,  and  ordered 
to  be  read  in  all  the  churches  throughout  the  kingdom ;  and  every  person 
was  bound  to  give  his  consent  by  holding  np  his  hand  at  the  reading  of  it. 
See  a  copv  of  it  in  Clarendon's  Hist,  of  the  RehcUinn. 

2  Sir  William  Dugd.ile  informs  us,  that  Mr  Bond,  preaching  at  the 
Savoy,  told  his  auditors  from  the  pulpit,  "That  they  ought  to  contribute, 
and  pray,  and  do  all  they  were  able  to  bring  in  their'  brethren  of  Scotland, 
for  settling  of  God's  cause :  I  say,  quoth  he,  this  is  God's  cause,  and  if  oiii 
God  hath  any  cause,  this  is  it ;  and  if  this  be  not  God's  cause,  then  God  is 
no  God  for  me ;  but  the  devil  is  got  up  into  heaven." 

'Meaning,  though  every  nose  do  not  smell  it.  Nare  from  Karea,  the 
Latin  for  nostrils. 

♦  .\  proverbial  saying,  used  by  Horace,  expressive  of  bitter  aversion. 
The  punishment  for  parricide  among  the  Romans  was,  to  be  put  into  a 
sack  with  a  snake,  a  Jog,  and  an  ape,  and  thrown  into  the  river. 

'  A  compound  of  three  Greek  words,  signifying  a  fight  between  dogs  and 
bears.  Colonel  Cromwell,  finding  the  people  of  Uppingham,  in  Rutland- 
shire, bear-baiting  on  the  Lord's-day,  caused  the  bears  to  be  seized,  tied  U 
K  tree,  and  shot. 

D 


34l  HTTDIBEAS.  [PAET    1. 

Unless  by  proi^ideiitial  wit, 

Or  force,  we  averruncate  '  it. 

For  what  design,  what  interest, 

Can  beast  have  to  encounter  beast  ?  760 

They  fight  for  no  espoused  Cause, 

Frail  privilege,  fundamental  laws,' 

Nor  for  a  thorough  Reformation, 

Nor  Covenant,  nor  Protestation,* 

Nor  liberty  of  consciences,''  765 

Nor  lords'  and  commons'  ordinances  ;  ^ 

Nor  for  the  church,  nor  for  church-lands, 

To  get  them  in  their  own  no  hands  ;  ^ 

Nor  evil  counsellors  to  bring 

To  justice,  that  seduce  the  king  ;  770 

Nor  for  the  worship  of  us  men, 

Tho'  we  have  done  as  much  for  them. 

Th'  Egyptians  worshipp'd  dogs,^  and  for 

Their  faith  made  internecine  war. 

Others  adored  a  rat,*  and  some  775 

For  that  church  suffer'd  martyrdom. 

1  To  eradicate,  or  pluck  up  by  tke  root. 

■'  The  lines  that  follow  recite  the  grounds  on  which  the  Parliament  began 
the  war  against  the  king,  and  justified  theu'  proceedings.  Butler  calls  the 
privileges  of  parliament  fi'ail,  because  they  were  so  very  apt  to  complain  of 
their  being  broken.  "Whatever  tlie  king  did,  or  refused  to  do,  contrary  to 
the  sentiments,  they  voted  a  breach  of  tlieir  privilege ;  his  dissenting  to  any 
of  the  bills  they  offered  him  was  a  breach  of  privilege ;  his  proclaiming 
them  traitors,  wlio  were  in  arms  against  him,  was  a  high  breach  of  their 
privilege :  and  the  Commons  at  last  voted  it  a  breach  of  privilege  for  the 
ISouse  of  Lords  to  refuse  assent  to  anything  that  came  from  the  lower  house. 

^  The  Protestation  was  a  solemn  vow  entered  into,  and  subscribed,  the 
first  year  of  the  long  parliament. 

*  The  early  editions  have  it  Kor  for  free  liberty  of  C07iscience ;  and  this 
reading  Bishop  Warburton  approves ;  "  free  liberty"  being,  as  he  thinks,  a 
satirical  periphrasis  for  licentiousness,  which  is  what  the  author  here  hints  at. 

'  The  king  being  di-iven  from  the  Paidiament,  no  legal  acts  could  be 
made.  An  ordinance  (says  Cleveland,  p.  109)  is  a  law  still-born,  di'opt 
before  quickened  by  the  royal  assent.  "'Tis  one  of  the  parliament's  by- 
blows.  Acts  only  being  legitimate,  and  hath  no  more  sire  than  a  Spanish 
gennet,  that  is  begotten  by  the  wind." 

'  No  hands  here  mean  paws. 

'  Anubis,  one  of  their  gods,  was  figured  with  a  dog's  face.  The  Egyptians 
also  worshipped  cats ;  see  an  instance  in  Diodorus  Sicuhts  of  their  putting 
a  Roman  noble  to  death  for  killing  a  cat,  although  by  mistake. 

•  The  Ichneumon,  or  water-rat  of  the  NUe,  calle'd  also  Pharaoh's  rat, 
which  destroys  the  eggs  of  the  Crocodile. 


CASrO   I.J  UUDIBBA9.  85 

The  Indians  foiiLjht  for  tlie  truth 

Of  th'  elephant  and  monkey's  tooth  ; ' 

And  many,  to  defend  that  faith, 

fought  it  out  mordiciis  to  (UMth.^  780 

But  no  beast  ever  was  so  slight,' 

For  man,  as  for  liis  god,  to  ti^ht ; 

They  have  more  wit,  alas !  and  know 

Themselves  and  us  better  than  so. 

But  we,  who  only  do  infuse  786 

The  rage  in  them  like  houfe-feus* 

'Tis  our  example  that  instils 

In  them  th'  infection  of  our  ills. 

Tor,  as  some  late  philosophers 

Have  well  observed,  beasts  that  converse  790 

AVith  man  take  after  him,  as  hogs 

Get  pigs  all  the  year,  and  bitches  dogs. 

Just  so,  by  our  example,  cattle 

Learn  to  give  one  another  battle. 

We  read,  in  Xero's  time,  the  Heathen,  795 

"When  they  destroy'd  the  Christian  brethren, 

They  sew'd  them  in  the  skins  of  bears,^ 

And  then  set  dogs  about  their  ears  ; 

From  whence,  no  doubt,  th'  invention  came^ 

Of  this  lewd  antichristian  game.  800 

To  this,  quoth  Ealpho,  Verily 
Tlie  point  seems  very  plain  to  me  ; 
It  is  an  antichristian  game. 
Unlawful  both  in  thing  and  name. 
First,  for  the  name  ;  the  word  bear-baiting  805 

Is  carnal,  and  of  man's  creating  ;' 

'  The  inh-ibitants  of  Ceylon  and  Siam  wnrsliippcd  the  teeth  of  monkeys 
and  elephants.  The  Portuguese,  out  of  zeal  for  tlic  Christian  volijrion,  dc- 
Btroycd  these  idols ;  and  the  Siamese  are  said  to  have  olfered  700,000  ducats 
to  redeem  a  monkey's  tooth  which  they  had  long  worshipped.  Sec  Lin- 
•choten's,  Lc  Blanc's,  and  Herbert's  Travels. 

'  Valiantlv,  tooth  .and  nail.        •  That  is,  so  silly.         *  Incendiaries. 

'  Sec  Tacitus,  .\nnals,  B.  xv.  c.  44.  (Bohn's  transl.  vol.  i.  p.  42.3.) 

•  AUudinj  prrihahly  to  I'rjTine's  llistrin-mastix,  p.  5.56  and  .583,  wno  has 
endeavoured  to  prove  it  such'  from  the  Gist  canon  of  the  sixth  Council  oi 
Constantinople,  which  he  has  thus  translated :  "  Those  ought  also  to  ho 
subject  to  six  years'  excommunication  who  carry  about  bears,  or  sncb  like 
creatures,  for  sport,  to  the  hurt  of  simple  people." 

'  The  Asscmhly  of  Dirincs,  in  their  Annotations  on  Genesis  i.  1,  assail 
the  King  for  creating  honours. 


36  HTTDIBEAS.  [PAET   I. 

For  certainly  tliere's  no  such  word 

In  all  the  Scripture  on  record  : 

Therefore  unlawful,  and  a  sin ; ' 

And  so  is,  secondly,  the  thing :  810 

A  vile  assembly  'tis,  that  can 

No  more  be  proved  by  Scripture,  than 

Provincial,  Classic,  National ;  '^ 

Mere  human  creature-cobwebs  all. 

Thirdly,  it  is  idolatrous  ;  815 

Por  when  men  run  a-whoring  thus  ^ 

AVith  their  inventions,  whatsoe'er 

The  thing  be,  whether  dog  or  bear, 

It  is  idolatrous  and  pagan, 

No  less  than  worshipping  of  Dagon.  820 

Quoth  Hudibras,  I  smell  a  rat ; 
Ealpho,  thou  dost  prevaricate  : 
Por  though  the  thesis  which  thou  lay'st 
Be  true,  ad  amussim,*  as  thou  say'st ; 
Por  that  bear-baiting  should  appear,  825 

Jure  divino,  lawfuUer 
Than  sj-nods  are,  thou  dost  deny 
Totidem  verbis ;  so  do  I : 
Yet  there's  a  fallacy  in  this  ; 

Por  if  by  sly  liomceosis,^  830 

Thou  would'st  sophistically  imply 
Both  are  unlawful,  I  deny. 

And  I,  quoth  Ealpho,  do  not  doubt 
But  bear-baiting  may  be  made  out, 
In  gospel-times,  as  lawful  as  is  835 

Provincial,  or  parochial  Classis  ; 

1  The  disciplinarians  held,  that  the  Scriptures  were  full  and  express  on 
every  subject,  and  that  everything  was  sinful  which  was  not  there  directed. 
Some  of  the  Huguenots  refused  to  pay  rent  to  their  landlords,  unless  they 
could  produce  a  text  of  Scripture  directing  them  to  do  so. 

2  These  words  represent  things  of  man's  invention,  therefore  carnal  ana 
unlawful.  The  vile  assembly  means  the  bear-baiting,  but  alludes  covertly 
to  the  Assembly  of  Divines.  ,.      ,        , 

3  See  Psalm  cvi.  38.  "  Exactly  true,  and  accordmg  to  rule.     _ 
6  The  explanation  of  a  thing  by  something  resembUng  it.     Between  t!u« 

line  and  the  next,  the  following  couplet  is  inserted  in  several  editioM  :— 

Tiissis  pro  crepitu,  an  art 
Under  a  cough  to  slur  a  f— rt. 


CAKTO   1.]  HrDIBBAB.  37 

And  that  both  are  so  near  of  kiu, 

And  like  in  all,  as  ^vell  as  sin, 

Tlmt,  put  'em  in  a  bng  and  shake  'em, 

Yourself  o'  th'  sudden  would  mistake  'em,  843 

And  not  know  which  is  whieh,  unless 

Tou  measure  by  their  wickedness  ; 

For  'tis  not  hard  t'  imagine  whether 

O'  th'  two  is  worst,  tho'  I  name  neither. 

Quoth  Hudibras,  Thou  ofter'st  much,  845 

3?lit  art  not  able  to  keep  touch. 
Mira  de  lente,-  as  'tis  i'  th'  adage, 
Id  est,  to  make  a  leek  a  cabbage  ; 
Thou  canst  at  best  but  overstrain 
A  paradox,  and  th'  own  hot  brain  ;  '  860 

For  what  can  s^mods  hare  at  all 
With  bear  that's  analogical  ? 
Or  what  relation  has  debating 
Of  church-aftairs  with  bear-baiting  ? 
A  just  comparison  still  is  856 

Of  things  ejiisdem  qenens  : 
And  then  what  yf?n/.s  rightly  doth 
Include,  and  comprehend  them  both  r  ' 
If  animal,  both  of  us  may 

As  justly  pass  for  bears  as  they ;  860 

For  we  are  animals  no  less, 
Although  of  diff'rent  specieses.* 
But,  Ealpho,  this  is  no  fit  place, 
Nor  time,  to  argue  out  the  case : 
For  now  the  field  is  not  far  off,  866 

Where  we  must  give  the  world  a  proof 

'  Great  cry  and  little  wool,  as  they  say  when  any  one  talks  much,  and 
proves  nothing. 

'  The  following  lines  are  substituted,  in  some  editions,  for   849  and 
850  :— 

Thou  wilt  at  best  but  suck  a  bull. 
Or  .<hcar  swine,  all  cry  and  no  wool ; 

Such  a  bull  is  explained  by  the  proverb,  "  As  wise  as  'Waltham's  Calf, 
thnt  ran  nine  miles  to  suck  a'  bull."     See  Handbook  of  Proverbs,  p.  322. 

'  The  first  and  second  editions  read  : 

Compr'hend  them  inchaivi  both. 

*  The  additional  syllable  is  humorous,  and  no  doubt  intended. 


88  HUDIBEAS.  [PABT  I. 

Of  deeds,  not  -n-ords,  and  such  as  suit 

Another  manner  of  dispute  : 

A  controversy  that  aftbrds 

Actions  for  arguments,  not  words  ;  870 

Wliich  we  must  manage  at  a  rate 

Of  prowess  and  conduct,  adequate 

To  what  our  place  and  fame  doth  promise, 

And  all  the  godly  expect  from  us. 

Nor  shall  they  be  deceived,  unless  875 

W  are  slurr'd  and  outed  by  success  ; 

Success,  the  mark  no  mortal  wit 

Or  surest  hand  can  always  hit : 

For  whatsoe'er  we  perpetrate, 

"We  do  but  row,  w'  are  steer'd  by  fate,'  880 

"Which  in  success  oft  disinherits, 

Por  spurious  causes,  noblest  merits. 

Great  actions  are  not  always  true  sons 

Of  great  and  mighty  resolutions  ; 

Nor  do  the  bold'st  attempts  bring  forth  885 

Events  still  equal  to  their  worth  ; 

But  sometimes  fail,  and  in  their  stead 

Fortune  and  cowardice  succeed. 

Tet  we  have  no  great  cause  to  doubt. 

Our  actions  still  have  borne  us  out ;  890 

"Which,  tho'  they're  known  to  be  so  ample, 

"We  need  not  copy  from  example ; 

"We're  not  the  only  persons  durst 

Attempt  this  province,  nor  the  first. 

In  northern  clime  a  val'rous  knight  ^  895 

Did  whilom  kill  his  bear  in  fight. 

And  wound  a  fiddler :  we  have  both 

Of  these  the  objects  of  our  wroth, 

And  equal  fame  and  glory  from 

Til'  attempt,  or  victory  to  come.  900 

1  The  Presbyterians  were  great  fatalists,  and  set  up  the  doctrine  of  pre- 
destination to  meet  all  contingencies. 

^  Hudibras  encourages  liimself  by  two  precedents ;  first,  tliat  of  a  gentle- 
man who  killed  a  bear  and  wounded  a  fiddler ;  and  .secondly,  that  of  Sij 
Samuel  Luke,  who  had  often,  as  a  magistrate,  been  eng.iged  in  similir  ad- 
ventures. 


OaNto  I.]  urniBRAS. 


S3 


'Tis  sung,  there  is  a  valiant  Mamaluke 

lu  foreign  land,  yclep'il ' 

To  whom  we  ha\"e  been  oft  comnared 

For  person,  parts,  address,  and  beard ; 

Both  equally  reputed  stout,  806 

And  iu  the  same  Cause  both  have  fought. 

He  oft,  in  such  attempts  as  these, 

Came  off  with  glory  and  success  : 

Nor  will  we  fail  in  th'  execution, 

For  want  of  equal  resolution.  910 

Honour  is,  like  a  widow,  won 

With  brisk  attempt,  and  putting  on  ; 

With  ent'ring  manfully  and  urging  ; 

Not  slow  approaches,  like  a  virgin.'^ 

This  said,  as  erst  the  Phrygian  kuight,'  915 

So  ours,  with  rusty  steel  did  smite 
His  Trojan  horse,  and  just  as  much 
He  mended  pace  upon  the  touch ; 
But  from  his  empty  stomach  groan'd, 
Just  as  that  hollow'  beast  did  sound,  92J 

And.  angrv,  answer'd  from  behind, 
With  brandish'd  tail  and  blast  of  wind. 
So  have  I  seen,  with  armed  heel, 
A  wight  bestride  a  Common-weal,* 

I  Sir  Samuel  Luke.  See  the  note  at  line  14.  The  M.ira.ilulcos  w.^ro  pcr- 
(Oiis  carried  off,  in  their  childhood,  from  various  provinces  of  the  Ottoman 
empire,  and  sold  in  Constantinople  and  Grand  Cauo.  They  often  rose  first 
to  be  caehofs  or  lieutenants ;  and  then  to  be  beys  or  petty  tyrants.  In 
like  manner  in  the  English  civil  wars,  many  rose  from  the  lowest  rank  in 
life  to  consideralilc  power. 

»  These  four  lines  arc  no  doubt  in  allusion  to  a  celebrated  but  somewhat 
indecent  proverb,  first  quoted  in  Nalh.  Smith's  Quakers'  tipiiilual  Court, 
1669,  and  adopted  by  Ray,  with  an  amusing  apology.  See  Bohn's  Hand- 
book of  Prorerbs,  iin'ffe  ii. 

'  Laoeoon  ;  who,  at  the  siege  of  Troy,  susoccting  treachery,  stnick  tlie 
wooden  horse  with  his  spear. 

«  Our  poet  might  possibly  have  in  mind  a  print  engraved  m  Iloll.ind. 
It  represented  a  cow,  the  emblem  of  the  Common-wealth,  witli  the  King  of 
Spain  on  her  back  kicking  and  spurring  her ;  the  Queen  of  England  before, 
stopping  and  feeding  her  ;  the  I'rinee  of  Orange  milking  her ;  and  the  Duke 
of  .\niou  behind  pulling  her  back  by  the  tail.  .Mter  the  Spaniards,  in  a 
war  of  forty  years,  had  spent  an  hundred  millions  of  crowns,  and  had  lost 
four  hundred  thnu-sand  men,  they  were  forced  to  acknowledge  the  independ- 
ence of  the  Dutch. 


40  HTJDIBBAS.  [PAET   I. 

While  still  the  more  he  kiek'd  and  spurr'd,  925 

The  less  the  sullen  jade  has  stirr'd.^ 

1  Mr  Butler  had  been  Tvitness  to  the  refractory  humour  of  the  nation,  not 
only  under  the  weak  goTernmeut  of  Richard  Cromwell,  but  in  many  instances 
under  the  resolute  management  of  Oliver. 


PART  I.      CANTO  II. 


ARGUMEXT 

The  catalogue  and  cliaracter 

Of  th'  enemy's  best  men  of  war  ;  ' 

■WTiom,  in  a'bold  harangue,  the  Knight^ 

Defies,  and  challenges  to  fight : 

H'  encounters  Talgol,  routs  the  Bear, 

And  takes  the  FidtUer  prisoner  ; 

Conveys  Iiim  to  enchanted  castle, 

There  shuts  him  fast  in  wooden  Bastile. 

,1.1  .^n'ler'e  description  of  the  combatants  resembles  the  list  of  warriors  in 

war  both  in  ^schylus  and  Kunpides.  See  Septem  contra  Thebas,  y. 
383;  bupphces,  V.  362;  Phcenis.  v.  1139.  <=''••,». 

'  In  tUc  lin-t  edition  this  and  the  next  two  lines  stand  thus: 

To  whom  the  Knight  does  make  a  Speech, 

And  they  defie  him  :  after  wliich 

Ue  6ghU  with  Talgol,  routs  the  Bear, 


PAET  I.    CANTO  II. 


5  HERE  was  an  ancient  sage  philosoplier ' 
That  bad  read  Alexander  Eoss  over,^ 
And  swore  the  world,  as  he  could  prove, 
Was  made  of  fighting,  and  of  love. 
Just  so  romances  are,  for  what  else  S 

Is  in  them  all  but  love  and  battles  ?^ 

O'  th'  first  of  these  w'  have  no  great  matter 

To  treat  of,  but  a  world  o'  th'  latter : 

In  which  to  do  the  injured  right, 

We  mean  in  what  concerns  just  fight.  10 

Cartes,  our  Authors  are  to  blame, 

Por  to  make  some  well-sounding  name 

A  pattern  fit  for  modern  knights 

To  copy  out  in  frays  and  fights, 

Like  those  that  do  a  whole  street  raze,  15 

To  build  a  palace  in  the  place  ;  ■* 

They  never  care  how  many  others 

They  kill,  without  regard  of  mothers, 

*  Empedocles,  a  Pythagorean  philosopher  and  poet,  held  that  concord 
and  discord  were  the  two  principles  (one  formative,  the  other  destructive) 
which  regulated  the  four  elements  that  compose  the  universe.  The  great 
anachronism  in  these  two  celebrated  lines  increases  the  humour.  Empedocles 
lived  about  2100  years  before  Alexander  Ross. 

2  Alexander  Eoss  was  a  very  voluminous  writer,  and  chaplain  to  Charles 
the  First.  He  wrote  a  "  View  of  all  Religions,"  which  had  a  large  sale ;  an 
answer  to  Sir  Thomas  Browne's  Pseudoxia  and  Religio  Medici ;  Commen- 
taries on  Hobbcs;  Mi/stai/oc/us  Poeticus,  or  the  Muses'  Interpreter;  and 
many  other  works.  Addison,  in  the  Spectator,  No.  60,  says,  he  has  heard 
these  lines  of  Hudihras  more  frequently  quoted  than  the  finest  pieces  of  wit 
in  the  whole  poem,  observing  that  the  Jingle  of  the  double  rhyme  has 
something  in  it  that  tickles  the  ear. 

3  Mr  Butler,  in  his  MS.  Common  Place-book,  says, 

Love  and  fighting  is  the  sura 

Of  all  romances,  from  Tom  Thumb 

To  Arthur,  Gondibcrt,  and  Hudihras. 

*  Alluding,  it  is  supposed,  to  the  Protector  Somerset,  who,  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  VI.,  pulled  down  two  churches,  part  oi  St  Paul's,  and  three  bishops' 
bouses,  to  build  Somerset  House  in  the  Strand. 


CUfTO   II.]  HT7DIBEA8  43 

Or  wives,  or  cliiktron,  so  they  can 

Slake  up  some  fierce,  dead-doing  man,  80 

Com]wsed  of  many  ingredient  valours, 

Just  like  the  manhood  of  nine  tailors. 

So  a  wild  Tartar,  when  he  spies 

A  man  that's  handsome,  valiant,  wise, 

If  he  can  kill  him.  thinks  t'  inherit  36 

His  wit,  liis  beauty,  and  his  spirit;' 

As  if  just  so  much  lie  eujoy'd, 

As  in  anotlier  is  dostroy'd  : 

Tor  when  a  giant's  slain  in  fight. 

And  niow'd  o'erthwart.  or  cleft  downright,  3C 

It  is  a  heavy  ca.se,  no  doubt, 

A  man  shoidd  have  his  brains  beat  out, 

Because  he's  tall,  and  has  large  bones,^ 

As  men  kill  beavers  for  their  stones.* 

But,  as  for  our  part,  we  shall  tell  35 

The  naked  truth  of  what  befell, 

And  as  an  equal  friend  to  both 

The  Knii;ht  and  Bear,  but  more  to  troth  ; 

With  neither  faction  shall  take  part, 

But  give  to  each  his  due  desert,  -W 

And  never  coin  a  formal  lie  on't, 

To  make  the  Knight  o'ercome  the  giant. 

This  b'ing  jirufcst,  we've  hopes  enough, 

And  now  go  on  where  we  left  ofl:'. 

They  rode,  but  authors  having  not  -io 

Determin'd  whether  pace  or  trot, 
That  is  to  say,  whether  tollutation,^ 
As  they  do  term't,  or  suecussation,' 

'  In  Carazan,  a  province  of  Tartnry,  Dr  Ilcylin  says,  "  tliey  have  an  use, 
when  anv  stranger  comes  into  tlifir  houses  of  an  lianilsome  shape,  to  kill 
him  in  tl)c  night ;  that  the  soul  of  such  a  comely  person  might  remain 
among  thom."     See  also  Spectator,  No.  12G. 

'  Alluding  probably  to  the  ca.sc  of  Lord  Capcl  and  other  brave  cavaliers, 
whom  the  Ind(  pendents  "  durst  not  let  live." 

'  Their  testes  were  supposed  to  furnish  a  medicinal  drug  of  value.  See 
Juvenal,  S.at.  xii.  1.  31.     Browne's  Vulgar  Krrors,  III.  4. 

*  ToUutation  is  pacing,  or  ambling,  moving  per  latera,  as  Sir  Thomas 
Browne  says,  that  is,  lifting  both  legs  of  one  side  together. 

>  Saccussation,  or  trotting,  is  lifting  one  foot  before,  and  the  cross  too*. 
behind. 


«4 


HUDIBEAS.  [PAET   I. 

We  leave  it,  and  go  on,  as  now 

Suppose  they  did,  no  matter  how ;  60 

Tet  some,  from  suhtle  hints,  have  got 

Mysterious  light  it  was  a  trot : 

But  let  that  pass ;  they  now  begun 

To  spur  their  living  engines  on : 

Por  as  whipp'd  tops  and  bandied  halls,  65 

The  learned  hold,  are  animals  ; ' 

So  horses  they  affirm  to  be 

Mere  engines  made  by  geometry  ;_ 

And  were  invented  first  from  engines, 

As  Indian  Britons  were  from  Penguins."  60 

So  let  them  be,  and,  as  I  was  saying, 

They  their  live  engines  plied,^  not  staying 

Until  they  reach'd  the  fatal  champaign 

Which  th'  enemy  did  then  encamp  on ; 

The  dire  Pharsalian  plain,*  where  battle  65 

Was  to  be  waged  'tvrixt  puissant  cattle, 

And  fierce  auxiliary  men, 

That  came  to  aid  their  brethren ; 

Who  now  began  to  take  the  field. 

As  knight  from  ridge  of  steed  beheld.  70 

'  Alludins  to  the  atomic  theory.  Democritus,  Epicurus,  &c.,  and  some 
of  the  modems  Kkewise,  as  Des  Cartes,  Hohbes,  and  others,  deny  that  there 
is  a  vital  principle  in  animals,  and  maintain  that  life  and  sensation  are 
generated  from  the  contexture  of  atoms,  and  are  nothing  but  local  motion 
and  mechanism.  By  which  argument  tops  and  balls  in  motion  are  presumed 
to  be  as  much  animated  as  dogs  and  horses. 

=  This  is  meant  to  ridicule  the  opinion  adopted  by  Selden,  that  America 
had  formerly  been  discovered  by  the  Britons  or  Welsh  ;  inferred  from  the 
similarity  of  some  words  in  the  two  languages,  especially  Penguin,  the 
British  name  of  a  bird  with  a  white  head,  which  in  America  signifies  a 
white  rock.  Butler  implies,  that  it  is  just  as  hkely  horses  were  derived 
from  engines,  as  that  the  Britons  came  from  Penguins.  Mr  Selden,  in  his 
note  on  Drayton's  Polyolbion,  says,  that  JIadoc,  brother  to  David  ap  Owen 
Prince  of  Wales,  made  a  sea- voyage  to  Florida,  about  the  year  11  (0,  and 
Humphry  Llwvd,  in  his  history  of  Wales,  reports,  that  one  Madoc,  son  of 
Owen  Gwynedd,  Prince  of  Wales,  som«  hundred  years  before  Columbus 
discovered  the  West  Indies,  sailed  into  those  parts,  and  planted  a  colony ; 
an  idea  which  Southey  has  beautifully  developed  in  his  "  Madoc." 

•  That  is,  Hudibras  and  his  Squire  spurred  their  horses. 

«  Alluding  to  Pharsalia,  where  Julius  Ca;sar  gained  his  signal  victory 
over  Pompey  the  Great,  of  which  see  Lucan'a  rharsalia. 


CASTO  II.]  HUDIBEAS.  45 

For.  as  our  modern  wits  behold. 

Mounted  a  pick-back  on  the  old,' 

IMueh  further  off;  much  further  he 

Eais'd  on  his  aged  beast,  could  see  ; 

Tet  not  sufGeieut  to  descry  75 

All  postures  of  the  enemy  ; 

"WTierefore  he  bids  the  squire  ride  further, 

T'  observe  their  numbers,  and  their  order ; 

Tliat  when  their  motions  he  had  known. 

He  might  know  how  to  fit  his  own.  80 

Jleanwhile  he  stopp'd  his  -n-illing  steed, 

To  fit  himself  for  martial  deed  : 

Both  kinds  of  metal  he  prepared. 

Either  to  give  blows,  or  to  ward ; 

Courage  and  steel,  both  of  great  force,  8S 

Prepared  for  better,  or  for  worse.^ 

His  death-charged  pistols  he  did  fit  well, 

Drawn  out  from  life-preserving  vittle  ;  * 

These  being  primed,  ^sitli  force  he  labour'd 

To  free's  blade  from  retentive  scabbard  ;  90 

And  after  many  a  painful  pluck. 

From  rusty  durance  he  bail'd  tuck  :* 

Tlien  shook  himself,  to  see  that  prowess 

In  scabbard  of  his  arms  sat  loose  ; 

And,  raised  upon  his  desp'rate  foot,  96 

On  stirrup-side  he  gazed  about,' 

Portending  blood,  like  blazing  star. 

The  beacon  of  approaching  war.^ 

'  Ridiculing  the  disputes  formerly  suhsistinj;  between  the  advocates  for 
ancient  and  modern  learning.  Sir' William  Temple  observes:  tliat  as  to 
knowledge,  the  modems  must  have  more  than  the  ancients,  because  they 
have  the  advantage  both  of  theirs  and  their  own  :  which  ia  commonly  illus- 
trated by  a  dwart  standing  upon  a  giant's  shoulders,  and  therefore  seeing 
more  and  farther  than  the  giant. 

'  These  two  lines,  85  and  86,  were  in  the  later  editions  altered  to — 
Courage  within  and  steel  without, 
To  give  and  to  receive  a  rout. 

'  The  reader  will  remember  how  the  holsters  were  famished.  See  not* 
at  p.  19. 

'  .\Itered  in  later  edition.?  to— He  cleared  at  length  the  rugged  tuck. 

'  It  will  be  seen  at  Canto  i.  line  407,  that  he  had  but  one  stirrup. 

•  ComcU  and  Meteors  were  held  to  be  portentous.  See  Speitser  on  Pr\> 
digit;  1658. 


46  HUDIBBAS.  ;PABT   I 

The  Squire  advanced  witli  greater  speed 

Than  could  b'  expected  from  his  steed  ; '  100 

But  far  more  in  returning  made  ; 

For  now  the  foe  he  had  survey' d,^ 

Eanged,  as  to  him  they  did  appear, 

With  van,  main  battle,  wings,  and  rear. 

I'  th'  head  of  all  this  warlike  rabble,  105 

Crowdero  march'd,  expert  and  ahle.^ 
Instead  of  trumpet,  and  of  drum. 
That  makes  the  warrior's  stomach  come. 
Whose  noise  whets  valour  sharp,  like  beer 
By  thunder  turn'd  to  vinegar  ;  110 

For  if  a  trumpet  sound,  or  drum  beat, 
AVho  has  not  a  month's  mind''  to  combat  ? 
A  squeaking  engine  he  applied 
Unto  his  neck,  on  north-east  side,^ 
Just  where  the  hangman  does  dispose,  115 

To  special  friends,  the  fatal  noose  :  "= 
For  'tis  great  grace,  when  statesmen  straight 
Despatch  a  friend,  let  others  wait. 
His  warped  ear  hung  o'er  the  strings, 
Which  was  but  souse  to  chitterlings  : '  120 

'  In  the  original  edition,  these  two  lines  were  : — 
Ealpho  rode  on  with  no  less  speed 
Than  Hugo  in  the  forest  did. 

Hugo  was  scout-master  to  Gondibert,  and  was  sent  in  advance  to  recon- 
noitre. 

2  The  first  two  editions  read : — 

But  Vi-ith  a  great  deal  more  return'd, 
For  now  the  foe  he  had  discern'd. 

'  A  nick-name,  taken  from  the  instrument  he  used :  Crowde,  a  fiddle, 
ft-om  the  Welsh  ct-wih.  The  original  of  this  character  is  supposed  to  he 
one  Jackson  a  milliner,  who  lived  in  the  New  Exchange,  in  the  Strand.  He 
had  lost  a  leg  in  the  scr\'ice  of  the  Roundheads,  and  was  reduced  to  the 
necessity  of  fiddling  from  one  ale-house  to  another  for  his  bread. 

*  Used  ironically,  for  no  very  strong  desire.  It  has  been  ingeniously 
conjectured  that  the  term  'a  month's  mind'  is  derived  from  a  woman's 
longing  in  her  first  month  of  gestation. 

5  It  is  diflicult  to  say,  why  Butler  calls  the  left  the  north-east  side. 
Possibly  it  is  a  conceit  suggested  by  the  card  of  a  mariner's  compass ;  Iho 
north  point,  with  its  Fleur-de-lis  representing  Crowdcro's  head ;  and  thea 
the  fiddle  would  be  placed  at  the  north-east,  when  played. 

'  The  noose  is  usually  placed  under  tlic  left  e,ar. 

'  SoiLse  is  the  pig's  ear,  and  chitterlings  are  the  pig's  guts :  the  former 


CANTO  II.]  nUDIBKAS.  47 

For  £;uts.  some  write,  ere  tliey  are  sodden, 

Are  fit  for  music,  or  for  piulden  ; 

From  whence  men  borrow  every  kind 

Of  minstrelsy,  hy  string  or  wind.' 

His  grisly  beard  was  long  and  thick,  125 

"With  which  he  strung  his  fiddle-stick  ; 

For  lie  to  horse-tail  scorn'd  to  owe 

For  what  on  his  own  chin  did  gi-ow. 

Chiron,  the  four-legg'd  bard,'-  had  both 

A  beard  and  tail  of  his  own  growth  ;  130 

And  yet  by  authors  'tis  averr'd, 

He  made  use  only  of  his  beard. 

In  Stattbrdshire,  where  virtuous  worth 

Does  raise  the  minstrelsy,  not  birth  :^ 

"Where  bulls  do  choose  the  boldest  king*  135 

And  ruler  o'er  the  men  of  string  ; 

As  ouce  in  Persia,  'tis  said, 

Kings  were  proclaim'd  b'  a  horse  that  neigh'd  ;' 

alludes  to  Crowdero's  ear,  which  lay  upon  the  fiddle ;  the  latter  to  the  strings 
of  the  fiddle,  which  are  made  of  catgut. 

'  Tliis  whimsical  notion  is  borrowed  from  a  chapter  '  de  peditu,'  in  the 
Faceli<f  Facctianim,  afterwards  amplified  in  Dean  Swift's  Benefit  of  F — g 
ej-iilaincd,  where  Dr  Blow  is  quoted  as  asserting  in  his  '  Fundaments '  of 
Music,  that  the  first  discovery  of  harmony  was  owing  to  persons  of  dilfcrent 
sizes  and  sexes  sounding  different  notes  of  music  from  their  fundaments. 
An  Essay  equally  whimsical,  on  the  origin  of  wind-music,  will  he  found  in 
the  Spectator,  No.  361 .  An  anonymous  Essay  on  this  subject  is  attributed 
to  the  Hon.  C.  J.  Fox. 

'  Chiron  the  Centaur,  who,  besides  being  the  most  famous  physician  of 
his  time,  and  teacher  of  iEscuIapius,  was  an  expert  niusitian,  and  Apollo's 
governor.     He  now  forms  the  Sagittarius  of  the  Zodiac. 

'  The  llinstrel's  Charter  and  Ceremonies  are  given  in  Plott'a  Stafford- 
thire,  p.  4.'i6. 

♦  This  alludes  to  the  custom  of  bull-running  in  the  manor  of  Tuthury  in 
Staffordshire,  where  wa.s  a  charter  granted  by  John  of  fJaunt,  and  onnfiiriud 
by  Ilcnry  VI.,  appointing  a  king  of  the  minstrels,  who  was  to  have  a  IniU 
for  his  nroperty,  which  should  be  turned  out  by  the  prior  of  Tuthury,  if  his 
minstrels,  or  any  one  of  them,  could  cut  off  a  piece  ot  his  skin  before  he  ran 
into  Derbyshire ;  but  if  the  bull  got  into  tliat  county  souiul  and  unhurt,  tlie 
prior  was  to  have  his  bull  again.  This  custom,  being  productive  of  mucli 
mi.schicf,  wa.s,  at  the  request  of  the  inhabitants  and  by  order  of  the  Duke  of 
Devonshire,  lord  of  the  manor,  discontinued  about  the  year  1788. 

'  Darius,  elected  King  of  Persia,  under  the  agreement  of  Ihc  seven  princes, 
who  met  on  horseback,  that  the  crown  should  devolve  on  liim  whose  horse 
aeighed  first.    By  the  ingenious  device  of  his  groom,  the  horse  of  Dariua 


18 


HTfDIBEAS.  [PAUT   L 


14C 


145 


160 


He,  TDravely  vent'ring  at  a  crown, 
By  cliance  of  war  was  beaten  down, 
And  wounded  sore :  Hs  leg,  then  broke, 
Had  got  a  deputy  of  oak ; 
Por  when  a  shin  in  fight  is  cropt, 
The  knee  with  one  of  timber's  propt, 
Esteem'd  more  honom-able  than  the  other. 
And  takes  place,  tho'  the  younger  brother.* 

Nest  march'd  brave  Orsin,^  famous  tor 
Wise  conduct,  and  success  in  war ; 
A  skilful  leader,  stout,  severe, 
Now  marshal  to  the  champion  bear. 
With  truncheon  tipp'd  with  iron  head. 
The  warrior  to  the  lists  he  led  ; 
With  solemn  march,  and  stately  pace. 
But  far  more  grave  and  solemn  face ; 

Grave  as  the  Emperor  of  Pegu,'^  i^b 

Or  Spanish  potentate,  Don  Diego. 

This  leader  was  of  knowledge  great. 

Either  for  charge,  or  for  retreat : 

Knew  when  t'  engage  his  bear  pell-meU, 

And  when  to  bring  him  oft  as  well.---  !«" 

So  lawyers,  lest  the  bear  detendaut, 

Ajid  piaintiflf  dog,  should  make  an  end  on  t, 

Do  stave  and  tail  with  writs  ot  error, 

Eeverse  of  judgment,  and  demurrer, 

^^r^r:o:^n^C^S^Oo^,^^o  kept  bears  at  Paris 
(;a?den,  Southwark.      .       „  ,    ,      ,  or  Mandelso  and  Olearius's  Travels. 
:  l:fprh:sfpiS;;rJ;Ii;o  lU-s  Tr^'ls  into  Spain  (by  the  Counter 
D'.^unois)  2  vols.  12mo.  London,  1/22. 
=.  In  the  original  edition  these  lines  were— 

He  knew  when  to  fall  on  pell-mell. 
To  fall  back  and  retreat  as  well, 
e  The  comparison  of  a  law^^witb  a  b^dUh..  k^ 

S:t^rt^^th:tSri*Kn>'^>^posin.  ^is  sta.  or  stave,  and 


CANTO   IT.]  nUDIBRAS.  40 

To  let  them  fireatlie  awtiile,  and  then  163 

Cry  whoop,  and  set  Ihem  on  again 

As  Eomuhis  a  wolf  did  rear. 

So  he  was  drv-nnrsed  by  a  bear,' 

That  fed  him  with  the  purchased  prey 

Of  many  a  fierce  and  blood)'  fray  ;  170 

Bred  up,  where  discipline  most  rai'e  is, 

In  military  garden  Paris  :  ^ 

For  soldiers  heretofore  did  grow 

In  gardens,  just  as  weeds  do  now, 

Until  some  spl.ay-foot  politici.aus  173 

T'  Apollo  ofler'd  up  petitions,' 

Tor  licensing  a  new  invention 

They'd  found  out,  of  an  antique  engine 

To  root  out  all  the  weeds,  that  grow 

In  public  gardens,  at  a  blow,  180 

And  leave  th'  herbs  standing.    Quoth  Sir  Sun,* 

My  friends,  that  is  not  to  be  done. 

Not  done  ?  quoth  Statesmen :  Yes,  an't  please  ye, 

AVhen  'tis  once  known  you'll  say  'tis  easy. 

"U'hy  then  let's  know  it,  quoth  Apollo.  183 

AVe'll  beat  a  drum,  and  they'll  all  follow. 

holding  the  dopp  by  the  tails.  The  bitterness  of  the  satire  may  be  accounted 
for  by  the  poet's  having  married  a  widow,  whom  he  thought  possessed  of  a 
great  fortune;  but  being  placed  on  bad  security,  perhaps  through  the  un- 
skilfulness  or  roguery  of  a  lawyer,  it  was  lost.  In  his  MS.  Common-place 
Book  he  says  the  lawyer  never  ends  a  suit,  but  prunes  it,  that  it  may  grow 
the  faster,  and  yield  a  greater  increase  of  strife. 

'  That  is,  maintained  by  the  profits  derived  by  the  exhibition  of  his  bear. 
It  probably  alludes  also,  as  Grey  suggests,  to  Orson  (in  the  story  of  Valen- 
tine and  Orson),  who  was  suckled  by  a  bear. 

'  At  Paris  Garden,  in  Southwark,  near  the  river-side,  there  was  a  circus. 
long  noted  for  the  entertainment  of  bear-baiting,  which  was  forbidden  in 
the  time  of  the  civil  wars.  The  '  military  garden'  refers  to  a  society  in- 
stituted by  James  I.,  for  training  soldiers,  who  used  to  practise  at  taris 
Garden. 

'  The  whole  pa.-aage,  here  a  little  inverted,  by  the  satirist's  humour,  ij 
taken  from  Rocealini's  Advertisement  from  Parnassus,  where  the  gardeners 
entreat  Apollo,  who  h.id  invented  dnims  and  trumpets  by  which  princis 
could  destroy  their  wild  and  rebellious  subjects,  to  teach  them  some  such 
easy  method  of  destroj-ing  weeds. 

*  Apollo,  after  the  fashion  of  chivalry,  is  here  designated  "Sir  Sun." 
The  eipresgion  is  used  by  Sir  Philip  Sydney  in  Pembroke's  Arcadia. 

■  ' 


60  HTJDIBBAS.  l^PABT   1. 

A  drum  !  quoth  Phoebus  ;  Troth,  that's  true, 

A  pretty  invention,  quaint  and  new : 

But  tho'  of  voice  and  instrument 

We  are  th'  undoubted  president,  190 

We  such  loud  music  do  not  profess  ; 

The  devil's  master  of  that  office, 

"Where  it  must  pass  ;  if 't  be  a  drum, 

He'll  sign  it  with  CJer.  Pari.  Bom.  Coin} 

To  him  apply  yourselves,  and  he  195 

Will  soon  despatch  you  for  his  fee. 

They  did  so,  but  it  proved  so  ill. 

They' ad  better  let  'em  grow  there  still.^ 

But  to  resume  what  we  discoursing 
Were  on  before,  that  is,  stout  Orsin ;  200 

That  which  so  oft  by  sundry  writers. 
Has  been  applied  t'  almost  all  fighters, 
More  justly  may  b'  ascribed  to  this 
Than  any  other  warrior,  viz. 

None  ever  acted  both  parts  bolder,  205 

Both  of  a  chieftain  and  a  soldier. 
He  was  of  great  descent,  and  high 
For  splendour  and  antiquity, 
And  from  celestial  origine. 

Derived  himself  in  a  right  line.  210 

Not  as  the  ancient  heroes  did. 
Who,  that  their  base  births  might  be  hid,^ 
Knowing  they  were  of  doubtful  gender. 
And  that  they  came  in  at  a  windore,'' 
Made  Jupiter  himself,  and  others  215 

O'  th'  gods,  gallants  to  their  own  mothers, 

1  During  the  civil  wars,  the  Rump  parliament  granted  patents  for  new 
inventions ;  these,  and  all  other  orders  and  ordinances,  were  signed  by  their 
clerk,  with  this  addition  to  his  name— Clerk  of  the  Parliament  Ilouse  of 
Commons.  Apollo  sends  the  petitioners  to  that  assembly,  which  he  tells 
them  is  directed  and  governed  by  the  devil,  who  will  sanction  the  grant  with 
the  usual  signature.  ,  ■    j 

2  The  expedient  of  arming  the  discontented  and  unprincipled  multitude 
is  adventurous,  and  often  proves  fatal  to  the  state. 

'  See  Ion's  address  to  his  mother  Crcusa,  when  she  had  told  him  that  he 
wiis  son  of  Apollo.  Euripides  (Bohn's  Transl.  vol.  ii.  p.  121) ;  also  Spec- 
tatorM).  630, 

♦  Wind-door  is  still  the  provincial  term  for  '•  winC  :w." 


CANTO  n.]  HITDIBIIAS.  51 

To  get  on  tlu'in  a  race  of  champions, 

Ot"  which  old  Homer  first  made  lampoons. 

Arctophvhix.  in  northern  sphere,' 

AVas  his  undoubted  ancestor;  -220 

From  whom  his  great  forefathers  came, 

And  in  all  ages  bore  his  name  : 

Learned  he  was  in  med'e'nal  lore, 

For  by  his  side  a  pouch  he  wore, 

Ecplete  with  strange  hermetic  powder,'''  225 

That  wounds  nine  miles  point-blank  would  soldei ;' 

By  skilful  ehymist,  with  great  cost, 

Extracted  from  a  rotten  post ;  * 

But  of  a  heav'nlier  intluence 

Than  that  which  mountebanks  dispense  ;  230 

Tho'  by  Promethean  fire  made,* 

As  they  do  quack  that  drive  that  trade. 

For  as  when  slovens  do  amiss 

At  others'  doors,  by  stool  or  piss. 

The  learned  write,  a  red-hot  spit  S35 

Being  prudently  applied  to  it, 

AVill  convey  mischief  from  the  dung  ^ 

Unto  the  breech  '  that  did  the  wrong ; 

So  this  did  healing,  and  as  sure 

As  that  did  mischief,  this  would  cure.  240 

Thus  virtuous  Orsin  was  endued 
With  learning,  conduct,  fortitude 
Incomparable  ;  and  as  the  prince 
Of  poets,  Homer,  sung  long  since, 

'  Butler  makes  the  constellatiDn  Bootes — wliich  lies  in  the  rear  of  Ursa 
Major — the  mylhulo^eal  ancestor  of  the  hearward  Orsin. 

'  Ilermetie,  i.  c.  chemieal.  The  Ilcrmetical  philosopliy  was  so  called  from 
Ilirraea  Trismegistus. 

'  \  hanter  on  the  famous  sympathetic  powder,  which  was  to  effect  tho 
cure  of  wounds  at  a  distance,  and  was  much  in  Toi,rne  in  the  rcijrn  ot 
James  the  First.  See  Sir  Kenelm  Digby's  "Discourse  of  the  cure  of 
wounds  by  the  powder  of  sympathy."    London,  1644. 

'  Useless  powders  in  medicme  are  called  powders  of  post. 

*  That  is,  heat  of  the  sun.  The  story  of  rrometheus  is  very  amusingly 
told  by  Dean  Swift,  in  No.  14  of  his  '  rntelligcnccr." 

•  Still  ridiculing  the  sympathetic  powder.  See  Sir  K.  Digby's  treatise, 
where  the  poet's  story  of  the  spit  is  seriou.sly  told. 

'  Thus  in  the  first  edition ;  altered  in  tho  later  ones  to  "part." 
E  2 


5£  HUDIBEAS.  PAET    I. 

A  skilful  leecli  is  better  far,  245 

Than  half  a  hundred  men  of  war ; ' 

So  he  appear' d,  and  by  his  skill, 

No  less  than  dint  of  sword,  could  kill. 

The  gallant  Bruin  march' d  next  him, 
"With  visage  formidably  grim,  250 

And  rugged  as  a  Saracen, 
Or  Turk  of  Mahomet's  own  kin,^ 
Clad  in  a  mantle  de  la  guerre 

Of  rough,  impenetrable  fur ;    _  255 

And  in  his  nose,  like  Indian  king, 
He  wore,  for  ornament,  a  ring  ; 
About  his  neck  a  threefold  D;"rget, 
As  rough  as  trebled  leathern  target ; 
Armed,  as  heralds  cant,  and  langued, 
Or,  as  the  vulgar  say,  sharp-fanged  :  280 

For  as  the  teeth  in  beasts  of  prey 
Are  swords,  with  which  they  fight  in  fray, 
So  swords,  in  men  of  war,  are  teeth, 
AVhich  they  do  eat  their  victual  with. 
He  was  by" birth,  some  authors  write,  265 

A  Eussian,  some  a  Muscovite, 
And  'mong  the  Cossacks'  had  been  bred, 
Of  whom  we  in  diurnals  read, 
That  serve  to  fill  up  pages  here, 

As  with  their  bodies  ditches  there."  270 

Serimansky  was  his  cousin-german,^ 
"With  whom  he  served,  and  fed  on  vermin ; 

'  See  Homer's  Iliad,  b.  xi.  line  514.    Leech  is  the  old  Saxon  term  for 

physician.  ,     „    ,  „        ,, 

»  Sandys,  in  his  Travels,  observes,  that  the  Turks  are  generally  well  cora- 
plexioncd,  of  ^ood  stature,  except  Mahomet's  kindi-ed,  •who  are  the  most  ill- 
favoured  people  upon  earth,  branded,  perhaps,  by  God  for  the  sin  of  their 

seducing  ancestor.  ,  -„  ,      ,         ^^     t_    3         r  »,, 

3  The  Cossacks  are  a  people  living  near  Poland,  on  the  borders  ot  the 
Don,  whence  the  term  "  Don  Cossack."  Grey  derives  that  name  from  Cosa, 
tlie  Polish  for  a  goat,  to  which  they  are  compared  for  their  extraordinary 
nimbleness  and  wandering  habits.  ,      ■,.    ,         ,       ■ 

*  The  story  of  the  Russian  soldiers  marching  into  the  ditch  at  the  siege 
of  Schweidni'tz  is  well  knomi.     The  Cossacks  had,  in  Butler's  time,  re- 
cently put  themselves  under  the  protection  of  Russia. 
»  Some  favourite  bear  perhaps ;  or  a  caricatured  Russian  name. 


OAVTO    n.J  HTJDIBEAS.  63 

Aud,  when  these  fail'd,  he'd  sack  his  daws, 

And  quarter  himself  upon  liis  paws. 

And  tlio'  his  couutrymen.  the  Huns,  275 

Did  stew  their  meat  between  their  bums 

And  th'  horses'  baeks  o'er  which  they  straddle,' 

And  every  man  ate  up  his  saddle  ; 

He  was  not  half  so  nice  as  they, 

But  ate  it  raw  when't  came  iu's  way.  280 

He  had  traced  countries  far  and  near, 

More  than  Le  Blanc  the  traveller ; 

"Who  writes,  he  'spoused  in  India,* 

Of  noble  house,  a  lady  p;ay, 

And  got  on  her  a  race  of  worthies,  285 

As  stout  as  any  upon  earth  is. 

Full  many  a  fight  for  him  between 

Talgol  and  Orsin  oft  had  been, 

Each  striving  to  deserve  the  crown 

Of  a  saved  citizen  ;  *  the  one  290 

To  guard  his  bear,  the  other  fought 

To  aid  his  dog;  both  made  more  stout 

By  sev'ra!  spurs  of  neighbourhood. 

Church-fellow-membership,  and  blood ; 

But  Talgol,  mortal  foe  to  cows,  295 

Xever  got  ought  of  him  but  blows  ; 

Blows  hard  and  heavy,  such  as  he 

Had  lent,  rejjaid  with  usury. 

Tet  Talgol  *  was  of  courage  stout. 
And  vanquish'd  oft'ner  th.an  he  fought ;  300 

Inured  to  labour,  sweat,  and  toil. 
And  like  a  champion,  shone  with  oil.' 

'_  This  fact  is  rcLitcd  by  .\mmianus  Marccllinns.  With  such  fare  did 
Azim  Khan  entertain  Jenkinson,  and  other  Enf;lishmon,  in  their  Travels  to 
the  Caspian  Sea  from  the  river  Volga.     See  liushiqiiius'  I.etter.o,  Ep.  iv. 

'  I.C  Wane  tells  the  storj- of  Apanda,  a  king's  daughter,  who  married  a  bear. 

'  He,  who  .'iaved  the  life  of  a  Roman  citizen,  was  entitUd  to  n  civic  crown ; 
and  so.  says  oiir  author,  were  Talgol  and  Orsin,  who  fought  hard  to  save  the 
lives  of  their  dogs  and  hears. 

•  Talg(d  was,  we  are  told  by  Sir  Roger  L'Estrange,  a  butcher  in  New- 
eate  Market,  who  afterwards  obtained  a  captain's  commission  for  his  re- 
bellimu  bravery  at  Nasehy. 

'  The  grea-siness  of  a  biitoher  compared  with  that  of  the  fireek  and  Ro. 
man  wrestlers,  who  anointed  themselves  with  oil  to  make  their  joints  supple. 


54  •  HUDIBftAS.  [PAET    I. 

Right  many  a  widow  his  keen  blade, 

And  many  fatherless,  had  made. 

He  many  a  boar  and  huge  dun-cow  305 

Did,  like  another  Gruy,  o'erthrow  ; ' 

But  Guy,  with  him  in  fight  compared, 

Had  like  the  boar  or  dun-cow  fared. 

AVith  greater  troops  of  slieep  h'  had  fought 

Than  Ajas,  or  bold  Don  Quixote  ;2  310 

And  many  a  serpent  of  fell  kind, 

AVith  wings  before,  and  stings  behind,' 

Subdued  ;  as  poets  say,  long  agone. 

Bold  Sir  George  St  George  did  the  dragon.* 

Nor  engine,  nor  device  polemic,  315 

Disease,  nor  doctor  epidemic,^ 

Tho'  stored  with  deletery  med'cines, 

"Which  whosoever  took  is  dead  since, 

E'er  sent  so  vast  a  colony 

To  both  the  under  worlds  as  he.*  320 


'  Guy,  Earl  of  Warwick,  one  of  whose  valiant  exploits  was  overcoming 
tbe  dun-cow  at  Dunsmore-heath,  in  'Warwickshire. 

'  Ajax,  when  mad  with  rage  for  having  failed  to  obtain  the  armour  of 
AchiUes,  attacked  and  slew  a  flock  of  sheep,  mistaking  them  for  the  Grecian 
princes  who  had  decided  against  him.  In  like  manner  Don  Quixote  en- 
countered a  flock  of  sheep,  and  imagined  they  were  the  giant  Alifanfaroa 
of  Taprobana. 

3  Mraning  the  flies,  wasps,  and  hornets,  which  prey  upon  the  butchers' 
meat,  and  were  killed  by  the  valiant  Talgol. 

*  Sir  George,  because  tradition  makes  him  a  soldier  as  well  as  a  saint. 
All  heroes  in  romance  have  the  appellation  of  Sir,  as  Sir  Belianisof  Greece, 
Sir  Palmerin,  &c.  But  there  was  a  real  Sir  George  St  George,  who  in 
Feljruary,  1643,  was  made  commissioner  for  the  government  of  Connaught; 
and  it  is  not  improbable  that  this  coincidence  of  names  might  strike  the 
playful  imagination  of  Mr  Butler.  It  is  whimsical  too,  that  General  George 
Monk  (afterwards  Sir  George),  in  a  collection  of  loyal  songs,  is  s.iid  to 
have  slain  a  most  cruel  dragon,  meaning  the  Rump  parliament.  Or  per- 
haps the  poet  might  mean  to  ridicule  the  presbyterians,  who  refused  even 
io  call  the  apostles  Peter  and  P^ul  saints,  but  in  mockery  called  them  Sir 
Peter,  Sir  Paul,  &c. 

^  There  is  humour  in  joining  the  epithet  epidemic  to  the  doctor  as  well 
as  the  disease,  intimating  that  there  b  no  condition  of  the  air  more  danger- 
ous than  the  vicinity  of  a  quack. 

5  Virgil,  in  his  siith  JSucid,  describes  both  the  Elysian  Fields  and  Tar- 
tarus 39  below,  and  not  far  asunder. 


CAJiTO    II."|  HUDIBBAS.  55 

For  he  was  of  that  noble  trade 

That  (Ifiiii-s^oils  and  heroes  made,' 

Shius^hter,  and  knocking  on  the  head, 

Tl>e  trade  to  which  they  all  were  bred; 

And  is,  like  others,  glorious  when  32S 

'Tis  great  and  large,  but  base,  it'  mean  :  ' 

The  former  rides  in  triumph  for  it, 

The  latter  in  a  two-wheel'd  chariot,   . 

For  daring  to  profane  a  thing 

So  sacred,  with  vile  bungle-iug.^  330 

Next  these  the  brave  !Magnauo  came, 
^Magnano,  great  in  martial  fame  ; 
Yet,  when  with  Orsiu  he  waged  fight, 
'Tis  suug  he  got  but  little  by't  : 

Tet  he  was  fierce  as  forest  boar,  33S 

"Whose  spoils  upon  his  back  he  wore,* 
As  thick  as  Ajax'  seven-fold  shield, 
"Which  o'er  his  brazen  arms  be  held  j 
But  brass  was  feeble  to  resist 

The  fury  of  his  armed  fist ;  340 

Nor  could  the  hardest  iron  hold  out 
Against  his  blows,  but  they  would  through't. 
In  magic  he  was  deeply  read, 
As  he  that  made  the  brazen  head  ;  * 

'  Satirizing  those  that  pride  themselyes  on  their  military  achievements. 
The  pcncral  who  mxssacres  thousands  is  called  f^reat  and  glorious ;  the  as- 
sassin who  kills  a  sinfjle  man  is  hanged  at  Tybum. 

•  Julius  C:rsar  is  said  to  have  fought  ftfty  battles,  and  to  have  killed  of 
the  Gauls  alone  eleven  hundred  ninety-two  thousand  men,  and  as  many 
more  in  his  civil  wars.  In  the  inscription  which  Pompev  placed  in  the 
temple  of  Minerva,  he  professed  that  he  had  slain,  or  vanquished  and  taken, 
two  millions  one  huntlri-d  and  eighty-three  thousand  men. 

'  Simon  Wait,  a  tinker,  as  famous  an  Independent  preacher  as  Burroughs, 
who  with  equal  blasphemy  would  style  Oliver  Cromwell  the  archangel 
giving  battle  to  the  devil. 

*  Meaning  his  budget  made  of  pig's  skin. 

'  The  device  of  the  brazen  head,  which  was  to  speak  a  prophecy  at  a 
certain  time,  had  by  some  been  imputed  to  Grosse-tcte,  Hishop  of  Lincoln, 
IS  appears  from  the  poet  Gower ;  by  others  to  Albertus  Magnus.  Hut  (he 
generality  of  writers,  and  our  poet  among  the  rest,  have  ascribed  it  to 
Roger  liaeon,  whose  great  knowledge  caused  him  to  be  reputed  a  magician. 
Some,  however,  believe  the  story  of  the  head  to  be  nothing  more  tlian  ii 
moral  fable. 


66  HUDIBBAS.  [past   I. 

Profoundly  skill'd  in  the  black  art,  345 

As  English  Merlin,  for  his  heart ; ' 

But  far  more  skilful  iu  the  sjjheres, 

Than  he  was  at  the  sieve  and  shears.' 

He  could  transform  himself  to  colour, 

As  like  the  devil  as  a  collier ;  *  860 

As  like  as  hypocrites  in  show 

Are  to  true  saints,  or  crow  to  crow. 

Of  warlike  engines  he  was  author, 

Devised  for  quick  despatch  of  slaughter : 

The  cannon,  blunderbuss,  and  saker,  355 

He  was  th'  inventor  of  and  maker : 

The  trumpet  and  the  kettle-drum 

Did  both  from  his  invention  come. 

He  was  the  first  that  e'er  did  teach 

To  make,  and  how  to  stop,  a  breach.  360 

A  lance  he  bore  with  iron  pike, 

Th'  one  half  would  thrust,  the  other  strike ; 

And  when  their  forces  he  had  join' d, 

He  scorn'd  to  turn  his  parts  behind. 

He  Trulla  loved,^  Trulla,  more  bright  365 

Than  burnish'd  armour  of  her  knight ; 
A  bold  virago,  stout,  and  tall, 
As  Joan  of  France,  or  English  Mall.^ 

'  'WiUiara  Lilly  the  astrologer,  who  adopted  the  title  of  Merlinus  An- 
glicus  iu  some  of  his  publications, 

2  The  literal  sense  would  be,  that  he  was  skilful  in  the  heavenly  spheres  ; 
that  is,  astrology ;  but  a  sphere  is  anything  round,  and  the  tinker's  skill  lay 
in  mending  pots  and  kettles,  which  are  commonly  of  that  shape.  There  was 
a  kind  of  divinatiou  practised  by  means  of  a  sieve,  which  was  put  upon  the 
point  of  a  pair  of  shears,  and  expected  to  turn  round  when  the  person  or 
thing  inquired  after  was  named.  This  silly  method  of  applying  for  inform- 
ation is  mentioned  by  Theocritus,  as  Coscinomancy.     (See  Bohn's  Transl. 

P-  19) 

3  Alluding  to  a  common  proverb,  "  Like  will  to  like,  as  the  devil  said  to 

the  collier."     Handbook  of  Proverbs,  p.  111. 

*  Tinkers  are  said  to  mend  one  hole,  and  make  two. 

5  Trull  is  a  low  profligate  woman,  that  follows  the  camp,  or  takes  up 
with  a  strolling  tinker.  Trulla  signifies  the  same  in  Italian.  The  person 
here  alluded  to  was  a  daughter  of  James  Spencer,  debauched  by  Magnano 
the  tinker. 

^  Joan  of  Arc,  celebrated  as  the  Maid  of  Orleans.  English  Moll  was 
famous  about  the  year  1670.  Her  real  name  was  Mary  Carlton  ;  but 
she  was  min'e  comiuouly  known  as  Kentish  MoU,  or  the  German  princess 


CiNTO    II.]  HUDIBRAS.  67 

Tlirough  perils  both  of  wind  and  limb, 

Through  thick  and  thin  she  fuUow'd  hhn  370 

In  every  adventure  h'  undertook  ; 

And  never  him,  or  it  forsook. 

At  bre.aoh  of  wall,  or  hedge  surprise, 

She  shared  i'  th'  hazard,  and  the  prize : 

At  beating  quarters  up,  or  forage,  375 

Behaved  herself  with  matchless  courage  ; 

And  laid  about  in  fight  more  busily 

Than  th'  Amazonian  Dame  Penthesile.' 

And  tho'  some  critics  here  cry  Shame, 

And  say  our  autliors  are  to  blame,  380 

Tluit ;  spite  of  all  jihilosophers, 

AYho  hold  no  females  stout  but  bears, 

And  heretolbre  did  so  abhor 

That  -women  should  pretend  to  war. 

They  would  not  sufter  the  stout'st  dame  385 

To  swear  by  Hercules  his  name  ;  ^ 

Make  feeble  ladies,  in  their  works, 

To  fight  like  termagants  and  Turks ; ' 

She  wai  transported  to  Jamaica  in  1671 ;  and  beinjr  soon  after  discovered 
at  large,  was  hanged  at  Tyhum,  January  22,  1672-.3.  So  far  Dr  Grey.  Bp 
Percy  thinks  it  more  probable  that  Butler  alluded  to  the  valorous'Mary 
Ambrec,  celebrated  in  a  ballad,  contained  in  his  'Reliques,'  2nil  scr.  book  ii. 
But  It  IS  more  likely  than  either,  th.at  he  meant  Moll  Cutpurse  (Mary  Frith) 
to  whom  Shakspeare,  Twelfth  Xight,  Act  ii.  s.  3,  alludes.  See  a  long  note 
on  the  subject  in  Johnson  and  Steevens'  Shakapeare,  edited  by  Isaac  Reed, 
1803,  Tol.  v.  pages  2.54—56,  where  Dr  Grey's  notion  is  expressly  corrected. 
The  hfe  of  Moll  Cutpurse  was  printed  in  1662,  with  a  portrait  of  her, 
copied  in  Caulfield's  "  Remarkable  Persons." 

}  Queen  of  the  Amazons,  killed  by  Achilles.  In  the  first  editions  it  is 
printed  Pen-thesile.     See  her  story  in  any  Clas.ihal  Di<tionari/. 

•  Jlen  and  women,  among  the  "Roman's,  did  not  use  the  s.ime  oath,  or 
swear  by  the  same  deity.  Aceordinjj  to  Macrobius,  the  men  did  not  swear 
by  Castor,  nor  the  women  by  Hercules ;  but  Edepol,  or  swearing  by  Pollux, 
was  common  to  both. 

'  The  word  termagant  now  signiBes  a  noisy  and  troublesome  female.  In 
Oiauccr's  rhyme  of  Sire  Thopas,  it  appears  to  be  the  name  of  a  deity.  And 
Hamlet  saA-s  (Act  iii.  so.  2),  "I  would  have  such  a  U\h.\v  whijjp'd  for 
o'erdoing  Termagant,  it  out-herods  Herod  :'  Jfr  Tvrwhitt  states  that  this 
Saracen  deity  is  called  Tcrvagan,  in  an  old  MS.  romance  in  the  Bodleian 
Library.  Bishop  Warburton  observes,  that  this  passage  is  a  fine  satire  on 
the  Italian  epic  poets,  Ariosto,  Ta,sso,  and  others ;  who  have  introduced 
their  female  wamors,  and  are  followed  in  this  absurdity  by  Spens«r  and 
Davenant.  ' 


6S  HTJDIBEAS.  [PAET   I. 

To  lay  tlieir  native  arms  aside, 

Their  modesty,  and  ride  astride ; '  390 

To  run  a-tilt  at  men,  and  wield 

Their  naked  tools  in  open  field ; 

As  stout  Armida,  bold  Thalestris,^ 

And  she  that  would  have  been  the  mistress 

Of  Gondibert,  but  he  had  grace,  395 

And  rather  took  a  country  lass  :  ^ 

They  say  'tis  false,  without  all  sense 

But  of  pernicious  consequence 

To  government,  which  they  suppose 

Can  never  be  upheld  in  prose  ;  *  400 

Strip  nature  naked  to  the  skin, 

Tou'U  find  about  her  no  such  thing. 

It  may  be  so,  yet  what  we  tell 

Of  Trulla,  that's  improbable. 

Shall  be  deposed  by  those  have  seen't,  405 

Or,  what's  as  good,  produced  in  print  ;* 

And  if  they  wiU  not  take  our  word, 

"We'll  prove  it  true  upon  record. 

The  upright  Cerdon  next  advanc't,^ 
Of  all  his  race  the  vaUant'st ;  410 

Cerdon  the  Great,  renown'd  in  song, 
Like  Herc'les,  for  repair  of  wrong  : 
He  raised  the  low,  and  fortified 
The  weak  against  the  strongest  side.'' 

'  Camden  says  that  Anne,  wife  of  Richard  II.,  daughter  of  the  Emperor 
Charles  IV.,  taiight  the  English  women  the  present  mode  of  riding,  about 
the  year  1388 ;  before  which  time  they  rode  astride.  And  Gower,  in  a 
poem  dated  1394,  describing  a  company  of  ladies  on  horsehack,  says,  "  ever- 
ich  one  ride  on  side."  j     „  j  •  .. 

2  Two  formidable  women-at-arms,  in  romances,  that  were  cudgelled  into 
love  by  their  gallants.     See  Classical  Dictionary. 

3  It  was  the  humble  Birtha,  daughter  of  the  sage  Asti-agon,  who  sup- 
planted the  princess  Rhodalind  in  the  affections  of  Gondibert. 

*  Butler  loses  no  opportunity  of  rallying  Sir  William  Daveuant,  who,  in 
his  prefiiee  to  Gondibert,  endeavours  to  show  that  government  could  not 
be  upheld  either  by  statesmen,  divines,  lawyers,  or  soldiers,  without  the  aid 

s  The  vulgar  imagine  that  everything  which  they  sec  in  print  must  be  true. 
6  A  one-eyed  cobbler,  and  great  reformer  r  there  is  an  eqmvoaue  upon 

the  word  upright.  ,    ,     ,     ,         ,    ^        .,        i 

'  Meaning  that  he  supplied  and  pieced  the  heels,  and  strengtheneil  a 

weak  sole. 


OAirro   II.]  HUDIBHA8.  59 

111  has  he  read,  that  never  hit  us 

On  him  iu  muses'  deathless  writ. 

He  hail  a  \yeapon  keen  and  fierce,' 

That  thro'  a  bull-hide  shield  would  pierce, 

And  cut  it  in  a  thousand  pieces, 

Tho'  toui^her  tlian  the  Knisrht  of  Greece  his,'^         420 

"With  whom  his  biaek-thumb'd  ancestor^ 

Was  comrade  in  the  ten  years'  war  : 

For  when  the  restless  Greeks  sat  down 

Bo  mauj  years  before  Tro\'  town, 

And  were  renown'd,  as  Homer  writes,  423 

For  well-soled  boots  no  less  than  fights  ;  * 

Tiiey  owed  that  glory  only  to 

His  ancestor,  that  made  them  so. 

Fast  friend  he  was  to  Reformation, 

Until  'twas  worn  quite  out  of  fashion  ;  130 

Ne.xt  rectifier  of  wry  law, 

And  would  make  three  to  cure  one  flaw. 

Learned  he  was.  and  could  take  note, 

Transcribe,  collect,  translate,  and  quote  : 

But  preaching  was  his  chiefest  talent,*  435 

Or  argument,  in  which  being  valiant, 

He  used  to  lay  about,  and  stickle, 

Like  ram  or  bull  at  conventicle  : 

For  disputants,  like  rams  and  bulls. 

Do  fight  with  arms  that  spring  from  skulls.  440 

>  That  is,  a  sharp  knife,  with  which  he  cnt  leather. 

'  Tho  shii'lil  (if  .Vjax.     .See  Description  of  it  in  IliaJ,  v.  423  (I'opo) 

•  .Vccording  to  the  old  distich  : 

The  higher  the  plum-tree,  the  riper  the  plum  ; 
The  richer  tho  cobbler,  the  blacker  liis  tluimb. 

«  "  Well-<n-caved  Achmans :  "  the  "  greave  "  (kvij/i;?)  was  armour  for 
the  hgi,  which  liutler  ludicrously  calls  boota.  In  allusion,  no  doubt,  to 
a  curious  "  Dissertation  upon  Boots"  (in  tho  Phoenix  liritannicus,  p.  2fi8  ) 
written  in  express  ridicule  of  Col.  Ilewson,  ami  perhaps  bavin;?  in  mind 
Alexander  Uoss,  who  says  that  Achilles  was  a  shoemaker's  boy  in  Greece, 
and  h.id  he  not  pawned  his  boots  to  Ulysses,  would  not  have  beeti 
pierced  in  the  heel  by  Paris.  In  further  illustration,  the  Shakspearian  reader 
will  remember  Hotspur's  punuins  reply  to  Owen  (ilcndower's  bra",  "I 
sent  thee  bootloss  home,"  Henry  IV.  n.  1,  ,\ct  iii.  sc.  1.  " 

'The  encouragement  of  preaching  by  persons  of  evcr\-  dcprce  amongst 
the  laity  was  one  of  the  principal  charges  brought  against  the  dominant 
party  under  the  Commonwealth,  bv  their  opponents. 


60  IIUDIBEAS.  [PAET    L 

Last  Colon  came,  bold  mau  of  war,' 
Destined  to  blows  by  fatal  star  ; 
Eight  expert  in  command  of  horse, 
But  cruel,  and  without  remorse. 
That  which  of  Centaur  long  ago  445 

Was  said,  and  has  been  wrested  to 
Some  other  knights,  was  true  of  this  : 
He  and  his  horse  were  of  a  piece. 
One  spirit  did  inform  them  both, 
The  self-same  vigour,  fury,  wrath  ;  450 

Yet  he  was  much  the  rougher  part, 
And  always  had  the  harder  heart, 
Altho'  his  horse  had  been  of  those 
That  fed  on  man's  flesh,  as  fame  goes.^ 
Strange  food  for  horse !  and  yet,  alas  !  455 

It  may  be  true,  for  flesh  is  grass.' 
Sturdy  he  was,  and  no  less  able 
Than  Hercules  to  cleanse  a  stable ;  * 
As  great  a  drover,  and  as  great 

A  critic  too,  in  hog  or  neat.  460 

He  ripp'd  the  womb  up  of  his  mother. 
Dame  Tellus,''  'cause  he   wanted  fother, 
And  provender,  wherewith  to  feed 
Himself  and  his  less  cruel  steed. 

It  was  a  question,  whether  he,  465 

Or's  horse,  were  of  a  family 
More  worshipful ;  till  antiquaries. 
After  they'd  almost  pored  out  their  eyes, 

'  Ned  Perry,  an  ostler. 

2  The  horses  of  Diomedes,  king  of  Thrace,  were  said  to  have  been  fea 
with  human  flesh,  and  that  he  himself  was  ultimately  eaten  hy  them,  his 
dead  body  having  been  thrown  to  them  by  Hercules.  The  moral,  perhaps, 
may  be,  that  Diomede  was  ruined  by  keeping  his  horses,  as  Acteeon  was 
Baid  to  be  devoured  by  his  dogs,  because  he  was  ruined  by  keeping  them.  ^ 

3  A  banter  on  the  following  passage  in  Sir  Thomas  Browne's  Religio 
Medici :  "  All  flesh  is  grass,  not  only  metaphorically,  but  literally  :  for  all 
those  creatures  we  behold  are  but  the  herbs  of  the  field  digested  into  flesh 
in  them,  or  more  remotely  carnified  in  ourselves,"  Sec.  See  Works  (Bohn's 
Edit.  vol.  ii.  p.  317). 

*  Alluding  to  the  fabijous  story  of  Hercules,  who  cleansed  the  stables  of 
Augeas,  king  of  Elis,  by  turuing  the  river  Alpheus  thmugh  them. 

5  This  means  no  more  than  his  ploughing  the  gr"und.  A  happy  ex- 
ample of  the  magniloquence  which  belongs  to  mock  epics. 


CANTO    II.]  HTTDIBEA8  61 

Did  very  learnedly  decide 

The  business  on  the  horse's  side  ;  470 

And  proved  not  only  horse,  but  cows, 

Nay  pigs,  were  of  the  elder  house  : 

For  beasts,  when  man  was  but  a  piece 

Of  earth  himself,  did  th'  earth  possess. 

These  worthies  were  the  chief  that  led  476 

The  combatants,  each  in  the  head 
Of  his  command,  with  arms  and  rage 
Ready  and  longing  to  eugar^e. 
The  numerous  rabble  was  drawn  out 
Of  several  countries  round  about,  48C 

From  villages  remote,  and  shires. 
Of  east  and  western  hemispheres. 
From  foreign  parishes  and  regions. 
Of  difterent  manners,  speech,  religions,' 
Came  men  and  mastiffs  ;  some  to  fight  485 

For  fame  and  honour,  some  for  sight. 
And  now  the  field  of  death,  the  lists. 
Were  enter'd  by  antagonists. 
And  blood  was  ready  to  be  broach'd, 
When  Hudibras  in  haste  approach'd,  490 

AVith  Squire  and  weapons  to  attack  'em ; 
But  first  thus  from  his  horse  bespake  'em : 

What  rage,  O  Citizens  !  ^  what  fury 
Doth  you  to  these  dire  actions  hurry  ? 

'  In  a  thanksfririn^  sermon  preached  before  ParlLiment,  on  the  taking 
of  Chester,  Mr  Case  said  that  there  were  no  less  than  180  new  sects  then 
in  Londiir,  who  propagated  the  "damnable  doctrines  of  devils."  And  Mr 
Ford,  m  an  assize  sermon,  stated  "  that  in  the  little  tovm  of  Readinf;,  ho 
was  venly  persuaded,  if  St  Augustin's  and  Epiphanius's  Catalogues  of  Here- 
eies  were  lost,  and  all  other  modern  and  ancient  records  of  the  kind,  yet  it 
would  be  no  hard  matter  to  restore  them,  with  considerable  enlargements, 
from  that  place ;  that  they  have  Anabaptism,  F.amilism,  Sociniamsra,  Pe- 
lagiamsm.  Ranting,  and  what  not?  and  that  the  devil  was  served  iu 
heterodox  assemblies,  as  frequently  as  God  in  theirs.  And  that  one  of 
the  most  eminent  church-livings  in  that  countrv  was  possessed  by  a 
blasphemer,  in  whose  house  ho  believed  some  of  them  could  testify  that 
the  devil  w.as  as  visibly  familiar  as  anv  one  ot  the  family." 

'  Butlor  certainly  had  the  foUowinglincs  of  Lucan  in  view  (Phars.  1—8) : 

"  What  rage,  0  citizens !  has  turned  your  swords 
Against  yourselves,  and  I.atian  hluod  atfords 
To  enrioDs  foes  ? " 


62  UUDIBEAS.  [PAET   I. 

"WTiat  cestrum,'  what  phrenetic  mood  495 

Makes  you  thus  lavish  of  your  "blood, 
"While  the  proud  Vies  your  trophies  boast, 

And  unrevenged  walks ghost  P^ 

Wliat  towns,  what  garrisons  might  you, 

"With  hazard  of  this  blood,  subdue,  500 

"Which  now  ye're  bent  to  throw  away 

In  vain,  untriumphable  fray  ?  ^ 

Shall  saints  in  civil  bloodshed  wallow 

Of  saints,  and  let  the  Cause  lie  fallow  ?  ^ 

The  Cause,  for  which  we  fought  and  swore  505 

So  boldly,  shall  we  now  give  o'er? 

Then  because  quarrels  still  are  seen 

"With  oaths  and  swearings  to  begin, 

The  Solemn  League  and  Covenant 

AVill  seem  a  mere  God-damme  rant,  510 

And  we  that  took  it,  and  have  fought, 

As  lewd  as  drunkards  that  fall  out. 

Por  as  we  make  war  for  the  king 

Against  himself,^  the  self-same  thing 


'  (Eslrum  is  not  only  a  Greek  word  for  madness,  but  signifies  also  a  gad- 
bee  or  horse-fly,  which  torments  cattle  in  summer,  and  makes  them  run 
about  as  if  they  were  mad. 

2  Vies,  or  Devizes,  in  Wiltshire.  The  blank  should  be  filled  up  with 
Waller.  This  passage  alludes  to  the  defeat  of  Sir  William  Waller,  by 
Wilmot,  near  that  place,  July  13,  1643.  After  the  battle,  Sir  William  was 
entirely  neglected  by  his  party.  Clarendon  calls  it  the  battle  of  Koundway- 
dowu,  and  some  in  joke  call  it  Runaway-down. 

3  The  Romans  never  granted  a  triumph  to  the  conqueror  in  a  civil  war. 

*  Walker,  in  his  History  of  Independency,  observes  that  all  the  cheating, 
ambitious,  covetous  persons  of  the  land  were  united  together  under  the 
title  of  'the  Godly,"  'the  Saints,'  and  shared  the  fat  of  the  land  between 
them.  He  calls  them  "  Saints  who  were  canonized  in  the  Devil's  Calendar." 
The  support  of  the  discipline,  or  ecclesiastical  regimen  by  presbyters,  was 
called  the  Cause. 

5  "  To  secure  the  king's  person  from  danger,"  says  Lord  Clarendon,  "  was 
an  expression  they  were  not  ashamed  always  to  use,  when  there  was  no 
danger  that  threatened,  but  what  themselves  contrived  and  designed 
against  him."  They  not  only  declared  that  they  fought  for  the  king,  but 
that  the  raising  and  maintaining  of  soldiers  for  their  own  army  woiJd  be 
an  acceptable  service  to  the  king,  parliament,  and  kingdom.  They  in- 
sisted on  a  difference  between  the  king's  political  and  his  natural  person, 
and  that  his  political  must  be,  and  was,  with  the  Parliament,  though  h:a 
natural penon  was  at  war  mth  them. 


CANTO    II.]  HUDIBBA8.  Q3 

Some  wi]l  not  stick  to  swear  we  do  615 

For  (t<i(1  and  for  religion  too. 

Tor  if  bear-baiting  we  allow, 

AVliat  good  can  Reformation  do  ? 

The  blood  and  treasure  tliat's  laid  out 

Is  thrown  away,  and  goes  for  nought.  520 

Are  these  the  fruits  o'  th'  Protestation,' 

The  prototype  of  Eeformation, 

AVhieh  all  tlie  saints,  and  some,  since  martyrs,' 

Wore  in  their  hats  like  wedding-garters,' 

When  'twas  resolved  by  their  house,       "  52.i 

Six  members'  quarrel  to  espouse  ?  < 

Di^d  they  for  this  draw  down  the  rabble, 

With  zeal,  and  noises  formidable  ; 

And  m.ike  all  cries  about  the  town 

Join  throats  to  cry  the  bishops  down  ?*  530 

Who  having  round  begirt  the  palace, 

As  once  a  month  they  do  the  gallows,^ 

As  members  gave  the  sign  about, 

Set  np  their  throats,  with  hideous  shout. 

AYhen  tinkers  bawl'd  aloud,'  to  settle  535 

Church-discipline,  for  patching  kettle.' 

^fl.'^^«M'''■'""i"°  '"'^^'^Y^  «P.  ^"<'  t-iken  in  the  nouse  of  Commons, 
Ma>  3,  1641 ;  and  imraednitely  printed,  and  dispersed  over  the  natior  the 
people  carryin.?  it  about  on  tlie  points  of  their  spears.  It  was  tlie  first  at- 
•mpt  at  a  national  eombmation  against  the  establishment,  and  was  har- 
iingcr  of  the  Covenant.  2  Tbose  that  Tvere  killed  in  the  war. 

r.  \  o-  P™'f' f "' ^hcn  thev  came  tumultuously  to  the  parliament-house, 
•"      'r!u   \i    .  demand  justiee  on  the  Earl  of  Strallmd,  stuck  printed 
■opies  of  the  Protcst,ition  m  their  hats,  in  token  of  their  zeal 

Charles  I.  ordered  the  foUowing  members,  Lord  Kimbolton,  Pvm,  Hol- 
hs  Hampden,  Ha-selng,  and  Stroud,  to  be  prosecuted,  for  pluttingmth  the 
^eots,  and  stirring  up  sedition.  The  Commons  voted  against  their  arrest, 
upon  which  the  king  went  to  the  house  with  his  guards,  to  seize  them 
l.u  thev,  having  intelligence  of  his  design,  made  their  escape.  This  was  one 
'    ,  x"  ."•  '"^**  "'  "P*""  violence  which  preceded  the  civil  wars 

It  13  fresh  in  memory,  says  the  author  of  Lex  Talionis,  how  this  city 
■  nt  forth  its  spurious  scum  in  multitudes  to  ery  down  bishops,  root  and 
■raneh,  with  lying  pamplilet.s,  &e.,-so  far,  that  "a  dog  with  a  black-und- 
whitc  face  was  commonly  called  a  bishop. 
•  The  executions  at  Tyburn  were  generally  once  a  month. 

All  these  Cnes,  so  humorously  substituted  for  the  common  strcct-eries 
"Ia  ''ra«^.  f^rescnt  the  popular  demands  urged  bv  the  I'uritans,  befor. 
•nd  under  the  Long  Parliament.  8  /or,  that  is,  instead  of. 


64 


HUDIBBAS.  [PA-BT    I, 

No  sow-gelder  did  blow  his  horn 

To  geld  a  cat,  but  cried  Eeform. 

The  oyster-women  lock'd  their  fish  up, 

And  trudged  away  to  cry  No  Bishop  :  640 

The  mouse-trap  men  laid  save-alls  by, 

And  'gainst  Ev'l  Counsellors  did  cry. 

Botchers  left  old  clothes  in  the  lurch. 

And  fell  to  turn  and  patch  the  church 

Some  cried  the  Covenant,  instead  545 

Of  pudding-pies  and  ginger-bread : 

And  some  for  brooms,  old  boots,  and  shoes, 

Bawl'd  out  to  purge  the  Commons'  House : 

Instead  of  kitchen-stuff,  some  cry 

A  Gospel-preaching  ministry  :  550 

And  some  for  old  suits,  coats,  or  cloak, 

No  Surplices,  nor  Service-book. 

A  strange  harmonious  inclination  ' 

Of  all  degrees  to  Eeformation : 

And  is  this  all  ?  is  this  the  end  __  665 

To  which  these  carr'ings-on  did  tend  ? 

Hath  public  faith,  like  a  young  heir, 

Por  this  tak'n  up  all  sorts  of  ware. 

And  run  int'  every  tradesman's  book. 

Till  both  turn'd  bankrupts,  and  are  broke  ?  56( 

Did  saints  for  this  bring  in  their  plate,^ 

And  crowd,  as  if  they  came  too  late  ? 

For  when  they  thought  the  Cause  had  need  on  t, 

Happy  was  he  that  could  be  rid  on't. 

Did  they  coin  piss-pots,  bowls,  and  flagons,  665 

Int'  ofilcers  of  horse  and  dragoons  ; 

And  into  pikes  and  musketeers 

Stamp  beakers,  cups,  and  porringers  ? 

1  The  Scots,  in  their  large  Declaration  (163),  begin  their  petition  against 
the  Common  Prayer-book  thus;-IFe,  men,  women,  children,  and  serv 

"1'ztltf  ;eTslton  b'tth  sides,  lent  their  plate,  to  raise  money  for  re- 
cruitino^  the  army.  Even  poor  women  brought  a  spoon,  a  thimble,  or  a 
bodk  n°  The  kiuo.,  or  some'^one  for  the  parliament,  gave  notes  of  hand  to 
repay  with  interest  Several  colleges  at  Oxford  have  notes  o  this  day  for 
h^ei/pUte  delivered  to  the  king :  "and  many  other  -'- »,  *»^ -™%-\"^: 
are  still  in  existence.  Purchases  were  also  made  by  both  paities,  on  th« 
"  public  faith,"  and  large  interest  promised,  but  nothing  ever  paid. 


CASTO    n.]  HUDIBHAS.  65 

A  thimble,  bodkin,  and  a  spoon, 

Did  start  up  living  men,  as  soon  670 

As  in  the  furuiici-  tbev  were  tlirown, 

Just  like  the  dniLjun'a  teeth  b'iiicc  sown.' 

Then  was  the  Cause  all  gold  and  plate, 

The  brethren's  oH'rings  couseerate. 

Like  th'  Hebrew  ealf,  aud  down  before  it  675 

The  saints  fell  prostrate,  to  adore  it.' 

So  say  the  wicked — and  will  you 

Make  that  sareasmous  seandal  true. 

By  ruuuiug  after  dogs  and  bears. 

Beasts  more  unclean  than  calves  or  steers  ?  581 

Have  pow'rfid  Preachers  ply'd  their  tongues,' 

Aud  laid  themselves  out,  and  their  lungs  ; 

I's'd  all  means,  both  direct  aud  sinister, 

I'  th'  power  of  gospel-preaching  minister  ? 

Have  they  invented  tones,  to  win  585 

The  women,  and  make  them  draw  in 

The  men,  as  Indians  with  a  female 

Tame  elephant  inveigle  the  male  ? 

Have  they  told  Prov'dence  what  it  must  do,* 

"Whom  to  avoid,  and  whom  to  trust  to  ?  S93 

Discover'd  th'  enemy's  design, 

And  which  way  best  to  countermine  ? 

Prescrib'd  what  ways  he  hath  to  work. 

Or  it  wiU  ne'er  advance  the  Kirk  ? 

'  Alluding  to  the  fable  of  Cadmus;  Ovid's  Metamorphoses,  iii.  106 
(Bohn's  Translation,  page  8.5). 

-  Eiod.  xxxii. 

'  C.ilainy,  Case,  and  other  Puritan  preachers,  exhorted  their  floeks,  ia 
the  most  moring  terms  and  tones,  to  contribute  their  ninnev  towards  the 
support  of  the  parliament  army,  using  siirh  terms  as  "  0  banpv  money  that 
W-.11  purchase  religion,"  "  All  ye  that  have  contributed  to  the  Parliament, 
come  and  take  this  sacrament  to  your  comfort." 

«  Alludin?  to  the  profane  familiarity  which  characterized  the  prayers  of 
the  most  violent  of  the  Presbyterian  'ministers  and  leaders.  Orcy  says  '• 
was  a  common  practice  to  inform  God  of  the  transactions  of  tho  timw.  Ami 
for  those  that  were  '  grown  up  in  grace '  it  was  tlmu^'lit  eomolv  enough  to 
take  a  great  chair  at  the  end  of  the  talilc,  and  sit  with  eoekod  luit«  on  their 

A^'  't^"'  '  "  *^"'''  "'"^  ""'"'^'"  '•  ""'  ""''■'s  t"  <•""  ''IX'ii  ''liee  this  evenin;{ 
and  let  Thee  know  how  affairs  stand  ;  we  do  somewhat  lonjt  to  liear  from 
Thee,  and  if  thou  plea-sest  to  give  us  such  and  such  victorios,  we  shall  be 
good  to  Thee  in  something  else  when  it  lies  in  our  way." 


g(5  HUDIBEAS.  [PAKT   I. 

Told  it  the  news  o'  tli'  last  express,'  5«3 

And  after  good  or  bad  success 
Made  prayers,  not  so  like  petitions, 
As  overtures  and  propositions, 
Such  as  the  army  did  present 

To  their  creator,  th'  parliament ;  600. 

In  which  they  freely  will  confess, 
They  will  not,  cannot  acquiesce,^ 
Unless  the  work  he  carry' d  on 
In  the  same  way  they  have  hegun. 
By  setting  Church  and  Common-weal  806 

All  on  a  flame,  bright  as  their  zeal. 
On  which  the  saints  were  all  agog. 
And  all  this  for  a  bear  and  dog  ? 
The  parliament  drew  up  petitions         _ 
To  'tself,  and  sent  them,  like  commissions,  eio 

To  well-affected  persons,  down 
In  every  city  and  great  town, 
"With  pow'r  to  levy  horse  and  men, 
Only  to  bring  theiii  back  agen  ? 
For  this  did  many,  many  a  mile, 
Eide  manfully  in  rank  and  file, 
1  ThP  nravers  of  the  Presbyterians,  in  those  days,  were  very  historical. 

^\^lo  remembered  us  at  Leicester,  for  his  mercy,  ice. 
Who  remembered  us  at  Taunton,  for  his  mercy,  ice. 
Who  remembered  us  at  Bristol,  tor  his  mercy,  &c 

l^Iorltu  ZuZl  nlthLgh  it  was  signed  by  many  thousands. 


UCDIBHAS.  C7 

With  papers  in  their  hats,  that  show'd 

As  if  they  to  the  pillory  rode  ? 

Have  all  these  courses,  these  efforts, 

Beeu  try'd  by  people  of  all  sorts,  620 

Velts  et  remis,  omnibtm  nerciis,^ 

And  all  t'  advnuoe  the  Cause's  service, 

And  shall  all  now  be  thrown  away 

In  petulant  intestine  fray  ? 

Shall  we,  that  in  the  Cov'nant  swore,  «26 

Each  man  of  us  to  run  before 

Another'''  still  in  Eeformation, 

Give  doojs  and  bears  a  dispensation  ? 

How  will  dissenting  brethren  relish  it  ? 

What  will  :Malignants  »  say  ?  videlicet,  630 

That  each  man  swore  to  do  his  best, 

To  damn  and  perjure  all  the  rest ; 

And  bid  the  devil  take  the  hin'most. 

Which  at  this  race  is  like  to  win  most. 

They'll  say,  our  bus'ness  to  reform  63S 

The  Church  and  State  is  but  a  worm  ; 

For  to  subscribe,  unsight,  unseen,'' 

T'  an  unknown  Church's  discipline. 

What  is  it  else,  but,  before-hand, 

T'  engage,  and  after  understand  ?  040 

For  when  we  swore  to  carry  on 

The  present  Reformation, 

According  to  the  j)uregt  mode 

Of  Churches  best  reform'd  abroad,' 

What  did  we  else  but  make  a  \ow  m5 

To  do,  we  knew  not  what,  nor  how  ? 

'  Tliat  is  with  all  their  might  See  Bohn's  Dictionary  of  Latin 
Quntalwni. 

■  This  V3S  a  common  phrase  in  those  days,  particularly  with  the  zealous 
prcachciTi,  and  is  inserted  in  the  Solimn  League  and  Covenant. 

'  The  name  g^ivcn  to  the  kinff's  party  by  the  parliament. 

♦  This  refers  to  the  haste  with  which  the  naticm  was  made  to  "engage" 
in  the  .Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  as  the  price  of  the  assistance  of  the 
bcutth  army  on  the  parliament's  side. 

*  The  Presbyterians  pretended  to  desire  such  a  reformation  as  had 
taken  place  in  the  neighbouring  Churches;  the  king  offered  to  ijivite  any 
rhurches  to  a  Xational  Synod,  and  could  not  even  obtain  au  answei  to  tk4 
proposal. 


6S  HUDIBBA8  [PABT    I, 

For  no  three  of  us  will  agree 

Where  or  what  Churches  these  should  be; 

Aud  is  indeed  the  self-same  case 

With  theirs  that  swore  et  cceteras ;  '  850 

Or  the  French  league,  in  which  men  vow'd 

To  fight  to  the  last  drop  of  blood.^ 

These  slanders  will  be  thrown  upon 

The  cause  and  work  we  carry  on, 

If  we  permit  men  to  run  headlong  655 

T'  exorbitances  fit  for  Bedlam, 

Eather  than  gospel-walkiug  times,' 

When  slightest  sins  are  greatest  crimes. 

But  we  the  matter  so  shall  handle, 

As  to  remove  that  odious  scandal.  6«o 

In  name  of  king  and  parliament,* 

I  charge  ye  all,  no  more  foment 

This  feud,  but  keep  the  peace  between 

Your  brethren  and  your  countrymen ; 

And  to  those  places  straight  repair  685 

Where  your  respective  dwellings  are  : 

A  sly  stroke  of  tho  poet's  at  his  own  party.  By  the  convocation  which 
sat  in  the  beginning  of  16i0  all  the  clergy  were  required  to  take  an  oath 
in  this  form ;  "  Nor  will  I  ever  give  my  consent  to  alter  the  government  of 
this  Church  by  archbishops,  bishops,  deans,  archdeacons,  et  catera."  Dr 
Heylin,  a  member  of  the  Convocation,  endeavoured  to  make  it  appear  that 
the  et.  catera  was  inserted  by  mistake.  The  absm'dity  of  the  oath  is  thns 
lashed  by  his  brother  satirist,  Cleveland,  p.  33  : 

"  Who  swears  et  ccetera,  swears  more  oaths  at  once 
Than  Cerberus,  out  of  his  triple  sconce." 

'  The  '  Holy  League"  entered  into  for  the  extirpation  of  Protestantism  in 
France,  1576,  was  the  original  of  the  Scotch  '  Solemn  League  and  Covenant.' 
Nor  did  they  differ  much  iu  their  result.  Both  ended  with  the  murder  of 
two  kings  wliom  they  had  sworn  to  defend.  This  comparison  has  also  been 
made,  paragraph  by  paragraph,  by  Sir  AVilliam  Dugdale,  in  his  '  Short  View 
of  the  Troubles.' 

'  A  cant  phrase  of  the  time. 

*  Tlic  Presbyterians  made  a  distinction  between  the  king's  person  politic, 
aud  his  person  natural :  when  they  fought  against  the  latter,  it  was  in  de- 
fence of  tlie  former,  always  inseparable  from  the  parliament.  The  commis- 
sion granted  to  the  Earl  of  Essex  was  in  the  name  of  the  king  aud  parlia 
raeut.  But  when  the  Independents  got  the  upper  hand,  the  name  of  the 
king  was  omitted,  and  the  commission  of  Sir  "Thomas  Fairfax  ran  only  in 
the  name  of  the  parliament. 


CANTO    II.]  aiDIDRAS.  69 

But  to  that  purpose  first  surrender 

The  fiddler,  as  the  prime  oftender,' 

Th'  incendiary  vile,  that  is  chief 

Author,  and  enfjincer  ol' mischief;  670 

That  makes  division  between  friends, 

For  profane  and  malignant  ends. 

He  and  that  enijine  of  \  ile  noise, 

On  which  illegally  he  plays. 

Shall,  dictum  factum,  both  be  brought  6'o 

To  condign  punishment,  as  th'  ought. 

This  must  be  done,  and  I  would  lain  see 

Mortal  so  sturdy  as  to  gainsav : 

For  then  I'll  take  another  course, 

And  soon  reduce  you  all  by  force.  68C 

This  said,  he  clapt  his  hand  on  sword, 

To  show  he  meant  to  keep  his  word. 

But  Talgol,  who  had  long  supprest 
Inflamed  w  rath  in  glowing  breast, 
"Which  now  began  to  rage  and  burn  as  686 

Implacably  as  flame  in  furnace. 
Thus  answer'd  him  :  Thou  vermin  wretched,' 
As  e'er  in  measled  pork  was  hatched ; 
Thou  tail  of  worship,  that  dost  grow 
On  rump  of  justice  as  of  cow  ;  eipo 

How  dar'st  thou  with  that  sullen  luggage 
O'  th'aelf,  old  iron,'  and  other  baggage, 
With  which  thy  steed  of  bones  and  leather 
Has  broke  his  wind  in  halting  hither ; 

'  Alluding  to  the  fable  of  the  trumpeter,  who  was  put  to  death  for  set- 
ting jwoplc  together  by  the  cars  without  fighting  himself.  It  is  meant  to 
ndicule  the  clamours  made  by  parliament  against  supposed  evil  counsel- 
lors ;  by  which  Strafford,  Laud,  and  others  were  sacrificed. 

'  The  speech,  though  coarse,  and  becoming  the  mouth  of  a  butcher  (sec 
Canto  II.  1. 295),  is  an  excellent  satire  upon  the  justices  uf  the  peace  in  thoi-e 
days,  who  were  often  shoemakers,  tailors,  or  common  livery  servants.  In- 
stead of  making  peace  with  their  neighbours,  they  hunted  impertinentlv  for 
•.nflmg  offences,  and  severely  punished  them.  "  But  it  may  be  asked  (savs 
lircy)  why  Talgol  was  the  first  in  answering  the  knight,  when  it  seems  mo'n 
incumbent  upon  the  bearward  to  make  the  defence  ?  Probably  Talgol  might 
then  be  a  Cavalier;  for  the  character  the  poet  has  given  him  docs  not  infer 
the  contrary,  and  his  aawcr  carries  strong  indications  to  justify  the  con. 
jccture."  »  Sfcaning  his  sword  and'pistolii. 


rO  nUDIBEAS.  [PABT    I. 

How  durst  th',  I  say,  adventure  thus  695 

T'  oppose  thy  lumber  against  us  ? 

Could  thine  impertinence  find  out 

No  work  t'  employ  itself  about, 

Where  thou,  secure  from  wooden  blow, 

Thy  busy  vanity  might  show  P  7J0 

Was  no  dispute  afoot  between 

The  caterwauling  bretheren  ? 

No  subtle  question  rais'd  among 

Those  out-o' -their  wits,  and  those  i'  th'  wrong  ? 

No  prize  between  those  combatants  70S 

O'  th'  times,  the  land  and  water  saints  ;  ■ 

Where  thou  might'st  stickle,  without  hazard 

Of  outrage  to  thy  hide  and  mazzard,^ 

And  not,  for  want  of  bus'uess,  come 

To  us  to  be  thus  troublesome,  710 

To  interrupt  our  better  sort 

Of  disputants,  and  spoil  our  sport  ? 

Was  there  no  i'elony,  no  bawd. 

Cut-purse,'  nor  burglary  abroad  ? 

No  stolen  pig,  nor  plunder'd  goose,  715 

To  tie  thee  up  from  breaking  loose  ? 

No  ale  unlieens'd,  broken  hedge, 

For  which  thou  statute  might'st  allege, 

To  keep  thee  busy  from  foul  evil, 

And  shame  due  to  thee  from  the  devil  ?  72) 

Did  no  committee  sit,''  where  he 

Might  cut  out  journey-work  for  thee  ; 

'  That  is,  the  Presbyterians  and  Anabaptists. 

^  Face  or  head,  see  Wright's  Provincial  Diet.,  sub  voce.  JFazcr  is  used 
for  a  head,  seriously  by  Sylvester,  and  ludicrously  in  two  old  plays.  From 
mazer  comes  mazzard,  as  from  visor,  vizard. 

5  Men  formerly  hung  their  purses,  by  a  silken  or  leathern  strap,  to  their 
belts,  outside  their  garments.     Hence  the  term  cut-purse. 

*  In  many  counties  certain  persons  appointed  by  the  parliament  to  pro- 
mote their  interest,  had  power  to  raise  ninncy  for  their  use,  and  to  punish 
their  opponents  by  fine  and  imprisonment :  these  persons  were  called  a 
Committee.  AValker,  in  his  History  of  Independency,  says  that  "  to  historia- 
iise  at  large  the  grievances  of  committees  would  require  a  volume  as  big  ns 
the  Book  of  Martyrs,  and  that  the  people  might  as  easily  expect  to  tind 
oiiarity  in  hell,  as  justice  in  any  committee." 


OAKTO  II.]  ntJDIBBAS.  71 

And  set  tli'  n  task,  -with  subornation, 

To  stitch  \ip  sale  and  sequestration  ; 

To  cheat,  with  holiness  and  zeal,  725 

All  parties  and  the  eoninion-weal  ? 

Jfueh  better  had  it  been  for  thee, 

H'  had  ke])t  thee  where  tli'  art  us'd  to  be ; 

Or  sent  th'  on  business  any  whither. 

So  be  had  never  brought  thee  hither.  730 

But  it'  th'  hast  brain  enough  in  skull 

To  keep  itself  in  lodging  whole. 

And  not  provoke  the  rage  of  stones, 

And  cudgels,  to  thy  bide  and  bones ; 

Tremble  and  vanish  while  thou  may'st,  733 

Which  I'll  not  promise  if  thou  stav'st. 

At  this  the  Knight  grew  high  in  wroth, 
And  lifting  hands  and  eyes  up  both. 
Three  times  he  smote  on  stomach  Btout, 
From  whence,  at  length,  these  words  broke  out :    710 

Was  I  for  this  entitled  Sir, 
And  girt  is-ith  trusty  sword  and  spur, 
For  fame  and  honour  to  wage  battle, 
Thus  to  be  brav'd  by  foe  to  cattle  ? 
Not  all  the  pride  that  makes  thee  swell  74.i 

As  big  as  thou  dost  blown-up  veal ; 
Nor  all  thy  tricks  and  sleights  to  cheat, 
And  sell  thy  carrion  for  good  meat ; 
Not  all  thy  magic  to  repair 

Decay'd  old  age,  in  tough  lean  ware,  75 ) 

Make  nat'ral  death  appear  thy  work, 
And  stop  the  gangrene  in  stale  pork  ; 
Not  all  the  force  that  makes  thee  proud, 
Because  by  bullock  ne'er  withstood  : 
Tbo'  arm'd  with  all  thy  cleavers,  knives,  7">5 

And  axes  made  to  hew  down  lives. 
Shall  save,  or  help  thee  to  evade 
The  hand  of  justice,  or  this  blade. 
Which  I,  her  sword-bearer,  do  carry, 
For  civil  deed  and  military.  TW 

Nor  shall  these  words  of  venom  base. 
Which  thou  hast  from  their  native  place, 


72  Ht'DIBRAS.  I^paut   1. 

Thy  stomach,  pnrap'd  to  fling  on  me, 

Gro  unreveng'd,  though  I  am  free  : ' 

Thou  down  the  same  throat  shalt  devour  'em  785 

Like  tainted  beef,  and  pay  dear  for  'em. 

Nor  shall  it  e'er  be  said,  that  wight 

"With  gauntlet  blue  and  bases  white,'' 

And  round  blunt  dudgeon  by  his  side,' 

So  great  a  man  at  arms  defy'd,  770 

"With  words  far  bitterer  than  wormwood, 

That  would  in  Job  or  Grizel  stir  mood."* 

Dogs  with-their  tongues  their  wounds  do  heal ; 

But  men  with  hands,  as  thou  shalt  feel. 

This  said,  with  hasty  rage  he  snatch'd  775 

His  gun-shot,  that  in  holsters  watch'd ; 
And  bending  cock,  he  levell'd  full 
Against  th'  outside  of  Talgol's  skull ; 
Vowing  that  he  should  ne'er  stir  further. 
Nor  henceforth  cow  or  bullock  murther.  780 

But  Pallas  came  in  shape  of  rust,^ 
And  'twist  the  spring  and  hammer  thrust 
Her  gorgon-shield,  which  made  the  cock 
Stand  stiff,  as  if  'twere  turn'd  t'  a  stock. 
Meanwhile  fierce  Talgol  gath'ring  might,  785 

"With  rugged  truncheon  charg'd  the  Knight ; 
But  he  with  petronel''  upheav'd, 
Instead  of  shield,  the  blow  receiv'd.' 

1  Free  that  is  untouched  by  your  accusations,  as  being  free  from  what 
you  charge  me  with.     So  Shakspeare,   ""We  that  have  free  souls,"  &c., 

'Haml.  III.  2.  ,     ,  .  ,^        .w 

■'  Meaning  a  butcher's  blue  sleeves  and  white  apron.  Gauntlets  were 
gloves  of  plate-mail ;  bases  were  mantles  which  hung  from  the  muldle  to 
about  the  knees  or  lower,  worn  by  knights  on  horseback. 

3  The  steel  on  which  a  butcher  whets  his  knife,  called  humorously  a 
"  dudgeon,"  or  dagger.     Some  editions  put  CrK«cAeon.^    ,^    n,    ,    .    t  i 

4  The  patience  of  Grisel  is  celebrated  by  Chaucer  in  the  Gierke  s  Tale. 
The  story  is  taken  from  Petrarch's  "Epistola  de  historia  Gnsclidis,  and 
was  the  subject  of  a  popular  English  Chap-book  in  1619,  often  repvmled. 

5  A  banter  upon  Homer,  Virgil,  and  other  epic  poets,  who  have  always 
1  deity  at  hand  to  protect  their  heroes.     See  also  hnes  864-5. 

6  A  horseman's  pistol.  .       .       „..        ,       ^       i-     ,-,,< 
'  These  lines  were  changed  to  the  following  m  1674,  and  restored  m  1 ,  U4 

And  he  his  rusty  pistol  held. 

To  take  the  blow  on,  like  a  shield. 


CAITTO   11.]  HUDIBRAS. 


73 


The  gim  reeoil'd,  as  well  it  mitjlit, 

Not  us'd  to  sufh  a  kind  of  figlTt,  '  793 

And  shrunk  from  its  great  master's  gripe, 

Knock'd  down,  and  stuim'd,  with  mortal  stripe : 

Then  Iludibras,  with  furious  haste, 

Drew  out  liis  sword  ;  vet  not  so  fast, 

But  Talgol  first,  with  hardy  thwack,  795 

T-vnce  bruis'd  liis  head,  and  twiee  his  back  ; 

But  when  his  nut-brown'  sword  was  out, 

Courageously  he  laid  about. 

Imprinting  many  a  wound  upon 

His  mortal  foe,  the  truncheon.  800 

The  trusty  cudgel  did  oppose 

Itself"  against  dead-doing  blows. 

To  guard  its  leader  from  fell  bane, 

And  then  reveng'd  itself  again  : 

And  though  the  sword,  some  understood,  8u5 

In  force  had  much  the  odds  of  wood, 

'Twaa  nothing  so  ;  both  sides  were  balanc't 

So  equal,  none  knew  which  was  valian'st. 

For  wood  with  honour  b'ing  euga"-'d, 

Is  so  implacably  enrag'd,  °    '  gU 

Though  iron  hew  and  mangle  sore, 

Wood  wounds  and  bruises  honour  more. 

Ajid  now  both  knights  were  out  of  breath, 

Tir'd  in  the  hot  pursuit  of  death  ; 

Whilst  all  the  rest,  amaz'd,  stood  still,  815 

Expecting  which  should  take.^  or  kill. 

This  Hudibraa  observ'd,  and  fretting 

Conquest  should  be  so  long  a-getting, 

He  drew  up  all  his  force  into 

One  body,  .and  that  into  one  blow.  gai 

But  Talgol  wisely  avoided  it 

By  cunning  sleight ;  for  had  it  hit 

The  upper  part  of  him,  the  blow 

Had  slit,  as  sure  as  that  below. 

u  mst  previou.  y  ap|.l.o<l  to  a  truruhc.n.     The  description  „f  the  combat  ™ 
.  fudicrous  ,m,tat)on  of  the  conflicts  recorde.l  in  the  old  romances 
la/ci,  that  IS,  take  pnsoner,  as  in  line  905. 


74 


HUDIBEAS  [PAHT    I. 

Meanwhile  tV  incomparable  Colon,  923 

To  aid  his  friend,  began  to  fall  on; 
Him  Ealph  encounter' d,  and  straight  grew 
A  dismal  combat  'twixt  them  two : 
Th'  one  arm'd  with  metal,  th'  other  wood  ; 
This  fit  for  bruise,  and  that  for  blood.  s-*" 

With  many  a  stiff  thwack,  many  a  bang, 
Hard  crab-tree  and  old  iron  rang ; 
While  none  that  saw  them  could  djvme 
To  which  side  conquest  would  incline : 
Until  Magnano,  who  did  envy 
That  two  should  with  so  many  men  vie, 
By  subtle  stratagem  of  brain 
Perform'd  what  force  could  ne'er  attain  ; 
For  he,  by  foul  hap,  having  found 
Where  thistles  grew  on  barren  ground, 
In  haste  he  drew  his  weapon  out 
And  having  cropp'd  them  from  the  root, 
He  clapp'd  them  under  th'  horse's  tail, 
With  prickles  sharper  than  a  nail. 
The  angry  beast  did  straight  resent 
The  wrong  done  to  his  fundament, 
Began  to  kick,  and  fling,  and  wince, 

As  if  h'  had  been  beside  his  sense. 

Striving  to  disengage  from  thistle, 

That  gall'd  him  sorely  under  his  tail ; 

Instead  of  which  he  threw  the  pack 

Of  Squire  and  baggage  from  his  back, 

And  blund'ring  stiU  with  smarting  rump. 

He  gave  the  Knight's  steed  such  a  thump 

As  made  him  reel.     The  Knight  did  stoop. 

And  sat  on  further  side  aslope. 

This  Talgol  viewing,  who  had  now, 

By  flight,  escap'd  the  fatal  blow, 

He  rally'd,  and  again  fell  to  't ; 

Tor  catching  foe  by  nearer  foot, 

He  lifted  with  such  might  and  strength, 

As  would  have  hurl'd  him  thrice  hia  length, 

1  The  same  trick  was  played  upon  Don  Quixote's  Rosinante  and  Sancho'. 
jupple. 


835 


640 


845 


850 


855 


860 


CAN-TO  II.]  nrniBRAs.  75 

And  dash'd  his  brains,  if  any,  out : 

But  MaTs,  who  still  protects  the  stout, 

lu  puddiug-time  came  to  his  aid,  865 

And  under  him  the  bear  oonvev'd  ; 

The  bear,  upon  -whose  soft  fur-">,'o\vn 

The  Kuight,  with  all  his  weight,  fell  down. 

The  friendly  rug  preserv'd  the  ground. 

And  headlong  Knight,  from  bruise  or  wound,  970 

Like  feather-bed  betwixt  a  -wall,' 

And  heavy  brunt  of  cannon  ball. 

As  Sancho  on  a  blanket  fell,^ 

And  had  no  hurt ;  ours  far'd  as  well 

In  body,  though  his  mighty  spirit,  875 

B'ing  heavy,  did  not  so  well  bear  it. 

The  bear  was  in  a  greater  fright, 

Beat  down  and  worsted  by  the  Kniglit. 

He  roar'd,  and  rag'd,  and 'flung  about, 

To  shake  ofl"  bondage  from  his  snout.  880 

His  wrath  inflam'd  boil'd  o'er,  and  from 

His  jaws  of  death  he  threw  the  foam  ; 

Fury  in  stranger  postures  threw  him. 

And  more,  than  ever  herald  drew  him.' 

He  tore  the  earth,  which  he  had  sav'd  885 

From  squelch  of  Knight,  and  storm'd  and  rav'd  ; 

And  vex'd  the  more,  because  the  harms 

He  felt  were  'gainst  the  Law  of  arms  ; 

For  men  he  always  took  to  be 

His  friends,  and  dogs  the  enemy,  89C 

AVho  never  so  much  hurt  had  done  him 

As  his  own  side  did  falling  on  him. 

It  griev'd  him  to  the  guts,  that  they, 

For  whom  h'  had  fought  so  many  a  fray, 

And  serv'd  w^th  loss  of  blood  so  long,  893 

Should  offer  such  inhuman  wrong ; 

Wrong  of  unsoldicr-like  condition  ; 

For  which  be  flung  down  his  commission,* 

'  Alludinp  to  the  protective  measures  recommended  in  old  works  on 
military  fortification. 

'  Sancho's  adventure  at  the  inn,  where  he  was  toss'd  in  a  hlanVet. 

'  Alludini;  to  the  rcmarkahk'  and  unnatural  positions  in  which  animall 
»re  conventionally  portrayed  in  coats  of  arms. 

♦  A  ridicule  on  the  petulant  behaviour  of  the  military  men  in  the  Civil 


76 


HUDIBEAS.  [PAET    I. 

And  laid  about  him,  till  his  nose 

Trom  thraU  of  ring  and  cord  broke  loose.  900 

Soon  as  he  felt  himself  enlarg'd, 

Through  thickest  of  his  foes  he  charg  d, 

And  made  way  through  th'  amazed  crew, 

Some  he  o'erran,  and  some  o'erthrew, 

But  took  none  ;  for,  by  hasty  flighty  ^ 

He  strove  t'  avoid  the  conquering  Kniglit, 

From  whom  he  fled  with  as  much  haste 

And  dread  as  he  the  rabble  chased. 

In  haste  he  fled,  and  so  did  they, 

Each  and  his  fear '  a  several  way. 

Crowdero  only  kept  the  field, 
Not  stirring  from  the  place  he  held. 
Though  beaten  down,  and  wounded  sore, 
1'  th'  fiddle,  and  a  leg  that  bore 
One  side  of  him,  not  that  of  bone. 
But  much  its  better,  th'  wooden  one. 
He  spying  Hudibras  lie  strow'd 
Upon  the  ground,  like  log  of  wood. 
With  fright  of  fall,  supposed  wound, 
And  loss  of  urine,  in  a  swound;^ 
In  haste  he  snatch'd  the  wooden  limb, 
That  hurt  i'  th'  ankle  lay  by  him. 
And  fitting  it  for  sudden  fight 
Straight  di-ew  it  up  t'  attack  the  i-nigM; 
Por  getting  up  on  stump  and  huckle. 
He  with  the  foe  began  to  buckle. 
Vowing  to  be  reveng'd  for  breach 
Of  crowd  and  shin  upon  the  wretch, 
Sole  author  of  all  detriment 
He  and  his  fiddle  underwent.  »**J 

But  Ealpho,  who  had  now  begun 
T'  adventure  resurrection  * 

W.,rs   it  beine  common  for  those  of  either  party,  at  a  -iif  «,f  "^  i""f*";;^ 

V^i:;^J^r^^^l^^  coald  not  in  honou.-  serve  any 

longer  under  such  unsoldier-like  indignities. 
i°That  is,  that  which  he  feared. 
'  The  twofold  effect  of  the  Kmshfs  fear.  __ 

3  Put  here  for  "knee;"  the  word  means  "  hip.  „     .,  , 

»  I  ridicdc  on  the  Sectaries  who  were  fond  of  using  Scripture  phrases. 


905 


910 


915 


920 


923 


916 


950 


OAXTo  II.]  m;i)iiii!As.  77 

From  lieavy  squelch,  aud  had  got  up 
Upon  his  Iffjs,  with  sprained  erup, 
Looking  about  belield  the  bard  935 

To  charge  the  Kuight  entraue'd  prejiar'd,' 
He  snatch'd  liis  whinyard  up,  that  fled 
When  he  \yas  falling  oil'  his  steed, 
As  rats  do  from  a  falling  house, 
To  hide  itself  from  rage  of  blows  ;  940 

Aud  wiug'd  with  speed  aud  fury,  flew 
To  rescue  Knight  Irom  black  and  blue 
Which  ere  he  could  achicye,  his  sconce 
The  leg  encounter'd  twice  and  once  ;2 
And  novy  'twas  rais'd,  to  smite  agen,' 
"When  Ealpho  thrust  himself  between  ; 
lie  took  the  blow  upon  his  arm. 
To  shield  the  Knight  from  further  harm  • 
And  jciiuing  wrath  with  force,  bestow'd    ' 
O'  th'  wooden  member  such  a  load, 
That  down  it  fell,  and  with  it  bore' 
Crowdero,  whom  it  propp'd  before. 
To  him  the  Squire  right  nimbly  run, 
Aud  setting  conqu'ring  foot  upon 
Ills  trunk,  thus  spoke  •  What  dcsp'rate  frenzy       953 
Made  thee,  thou  whelp  of  sin,  to  fancy 
Thyself,  and  all  that  coward  rabble, 
T'  encounter  us  in  battle  able  ? 
How  durst  th',  I  say,  oppose  tiiy  curship 
(xaiust  arms,  authority,  and  worship,  903 

And  Hudibras  or  me  proyoke, 
Though  all  thy  limbs  were  heart  of  oak 
And  th'  other  half  of  thee  as  good 
To  bear  our'  blows  as  that  of  wood? 
Could  not  the  whipping-post  preyail,  98S 

With  all  its  rhet'ric,  nor  the  jail, 

'    far.         I-'wkinpaSmit,  hehnlil  pornir-lon 

Approachin;?  Knight  from  fill  musician. 

Jmi  prc'fenl'ble:''  """'^  "'"""^'  ''"'  "'^  «"'  odirion  has  "our,"  whioi 


78 


HUDIBEAS.  [^^^^    ^ 

To  keep  from  flaying  scourge  thy  skin, 
And  ankle  free  from  iron  gin  ? 
Which  now  thou  shalt-but  first  our  care 
Must  see  how  Hudibras  doth  fare^ 

This  said,  he  gently  rais'd  the  Kmght, 
And  set  him  on  his  bum  upright : 
To  rouse  him  from  lethargic  dump. 
He  tweak' d  his  nose,  with  gentle  thump 
Knoek'd  on  his  breast,  as  if  't  had  been 
To  raise  the  spirits  lodg'd  withm 
They,  waken' d  with  the  noise,  did  fly 
From  inward  room  to  window  eye, 
And  gently  op'uing  lid,  the  casement, 
Look'd  out,  but  yet  with  some  amazement. 
This  gladded  Ealpho  much  to  see. 
Who  thus  bespoke  the  Knight :  quoth  he, 
Tweaking  his  nose,  You  are,  great  bir, 

A  self-denying  conqueror  ; ' 

As  high,  victorious,  and  great, 

As  e'er  fought  for  the  Churches  yet, 

If  you  will  give  yourself  but  leave 

To  make  out  what  y'  already  have ; 

That 's  victory.     The  foe,  for  dread 

Of  your  nine-worthiness,^  is  fled, 

All  save  Crowdero,  for  whose  sake 

You  did  th'  espous'd  Cause  undertake ; 

And  he  lies  pris'uer  at  your  feet. 

To  be  dispos'd  as  you  think  meet, 

1  Compare  this  with  the  situation  of  Hector   f  °  ^  ,"^"""1^^,^^^ ,' 
severe  bliw  received  from  Ajax,  and  then  comforted  by  ApoUo.-Ihad  xv. 

'^"'Shakspeare  represents  Adonis  attempting  after  this  fashion  to  rouse 
Venus  from  her  swoon—  ,     ,  „ 

"  He  wrings  her  nose,  he  strikes  her  on  the  check. 
See  also  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  "  The  Nice  Valour  ■•Act  iil 

from  the  History  of  the  "Nino  Worthies." 


1)75 


98il 


985 


990 


I 


CASTO    II.]  HUDIBRA9.  70 

Either  for  life,  or  death,  or  sale,'  995 

The  gallows,  or  perpetual  jail ; 

For  cue  wink  of  your  pow'rt'ul  eye 

Must  sentence  him  to  live  or  die. 

His  fiddle  is  your  proper  purchase,* 

"Won  in  the  service  of  the  Ciiurches  ;  1000 

And  by  your  doom  must  be  allow'd 

To  be,  or  be  no  more,  a  Crowd : 

For  tho'  success  did  not  confer 

Just  title  on  the  conqueror  ; ' 

Tho'  dispensations  were  not  strong  1006 

Conclusions,  whether  right  or  wrong  ; 

Altho'  out-goings  did  not  *  confirm, 

And  owning  were  but  a  mere  term  ;  * 

Yet  as  the  wicked  have  no  right 

To  th'  creature,*  tlio'  usurp'd  by  might,  loio 

The  property  is  in  the  saint. 

From  whom  th'  injuriously  detain't ; 

Of  him  they  hold  their  luxuries. 

Their  dogs,  tiieir  horses,  whores,  and  dice, 

Their  riots,  revels,  masks,  delights,  1015 

Pimps,  buftoons,  fiddlers,  parasites  ; 

All  which  the  saints  have  title  to. 

And  ought  t'  enjoy,  if  th'  had  their  due. 

What  we  take  from  them  is  no  more 

Than  what  was  ours  by  right  before  ;  109C 

For  we  are  their  true  landlords  still, 

And  they  our  tenants  but  at  will. 

At  this  the  Knight  began  to  rouse, 
And  by  degrees  grow  valorous  : 
He  star'd  about,  and  seeing  none  1085 

Of  all  his  foes  remain  but  one, 
He  snatch'd  his  weapon  that  lay  near  him, 
And  from  the  ground  began  to  rear  him, 

'  The  phrases  bantered  here,  were  popular  nmonpit  the  Puritans. 
'  That  is,  acquisition  by  conquest ;  the  oriKin.il  meaninjj  of  the  word. 
'  Success  was  pleaded  by  the  Presbyterians  as  a  proof  of  the  justice  of 
their  cause.  •  So  in  the  three  first  editions.    But  1710  oniits  'not.' 

*  ni^ptmsations,  out-^ninjjs,  carryinps-on,  -nothingness,  ownin^js,    &c., 
were  cam  words  of  the  time.     For  others  sue  Cauto  I.  ver.  100. 

•  It  was  maintained  by  the  Puritans  of  those  days  that  ijl  Dominion  it 


30 


nUDIBBAS.  [PAKT   T. 

Vowing  to  make  Crowdero  pay 

For  alf  the  rest  that  ran  away.  '"3'' 

But  Ealpho  now,  in  colder  blood, 

His  fury  mildlv  thus  withstood:        ^  _ 

Great  Sir,  quoth  he,  your  mighty  spint 

Is  rais'd  too  high  ;  this  slave  does  merit 

To  he  the  hangman's  bus'ness,  sooner  ludo 

Than  from  your  hand  to  have  the  honour 

Of  his  destruction ;  I  that  am 

A  nothingness  '  in  deed  and  name, 

Did  scorn  to  hurt  his  forfeit  carcase, 

Or  ill  entreat  his  fiddle  or  ease :  i"*J 

Will  you,  great  Sir,  that  glory  blot 

In  cold  blood,  which  you  gaua'd  m  hot  ^ 

AVill  you  employ  your  conqu'rmg  sword 

To  break  a  fiddle,  and  your  word? 

For  tho'  I  fought  and  overcame,  1'^*=" 

And  quarter  gave,  'twas  in  your  name : 

For  great  commanders  always  own 

What's  prosp'rous  by  the  soldier  done. 

To  save,  where  you  have  pow'r  to  kill, 

Aro-ues  yoi"'  pow'r  above  your  will ; 

And  that  your  will  and  pow'r  have  less 

Than  both  might  have  of  selfishness.     _^ 

This  pow'r  wh'ich,  now  alive,  with  dread 

He  trembles  at,  if  he  were  dead, 

Would  no  more  keep  the  slave  in  awe, 

Than  if  you  were  a  knight  of  straw  ; 

For  death  would  then  be  his  conqueror, 

Not  you,  and  free  him  from  that  terror. 

If  danger  from  his  life  accrue, 

Or  honour  from  his  death  to  you, 

'Twere  policy,  and  honour  too, 

To  do  as  you  resolv'd  to  do  : 

founded  in  grace,  and  therefore  iU  man  wanted  |,.acea^^^^ 

like  or  godly  man,  Je  had  no  nght  *»  '^^yj^^'^J^f  ^^  ;,,,,ever  they  had 
that  the  Samts  had  a  right  to  ^\1'  ^"^  ^^'^5^^  ^^^,  ^^,,,,,  of  the  times. 

^ri5,!^X3atireuponthepa.Uamcn.whom^eno^ 
ing  articU-s  of  capitulation  granted  hy  then  gentrab,  u  tuc) 
3d"vantageous  to  the  enemy. 


1050 


1055 


1080 


CAXTO  II,]  nrniBEJis.  81 

But,  Sir,  'twou'd  wrong  your  valour  nnicb, 

To  say  it  needs,  or  fears  a  crutch. 

Great  conqu'rors  greater  glory  gain  1065 

By  foes  in  triumph  led,  than  slain  : 

The  laurels  that  adorn  their  brows 

Are  puU'd  from  living,  not  dead  hougha, 

And  living  foes  :  thegrcatest  lame 

Of  cripple  slain  can  be  but  lame  :  1070 

One  half  of  him's  already  slain, 

The  other  is  not  worth  your  pain  ; 

Th'  honour  can  but  on  one  side  light. 

As  worship  did,  when  y'  were  dubb'd  Knight. 

Wherefore  I  think  it  better  far  1075 

To  keep  him  prisoner  of  war ; 

And  let  him  fast  in  bonds  abide, 

At  court  of  justice  to  be  try'd  ; 

Where,  if  h'  appear  so  bold  or  crafty. 

There  may  be  danger  in  his  safety  :"'  1080 

If  any  member  there  dislike 

His  face,  or  to  his  beard  have  pike  j^ 

Or  if  his  death  will  save,  or  yield 

Eevenge  or  fright,  it  is  reveal' d  ;  ' 

Tho'  he  has  quarter,  ne'ertheless  1085 

T'  have  pow'r  to  hang  him  when  you  please.'' 

This  has  been  often  done  by  some 

Of  our  great  conqu'rors,  you  know  whom  ; 

'  The  conduct  of  Cromwell  in  the  case  of  Lord  Capel  will  explain  this 
line.  After  pronouncing  hiffh  encomiums  on  him,  and  when  every  one  ex- 
pected he  would  vote  to  save  his  life,  he  took  the  opposite  course,  because 
of  his  firm  loyalty  I     See  Clarendon.  2  That  is,  pique. 

'_  One  of  the  most  objectionable  of  all  the  cant  rclijrious  phrases  of  the  time, 
M  It  involved  the  pretence  of  supernatural  instruction.  In  some  cases,  after 
the  Rctwls  had  taken  a  prisoner,  upon  the  promise  of  quarter,  they  would  say 
that  It  had  since  been  revealed  to  such  a  one  that  he  should  die,  whereupon 
they  would  han?  him.  Dr  South  observes  of  Harrison,  the  rejjicide,  a  butcher 
by  profession  and  a  preaching  Cobmel  in  the  Parliament  army,  "  Tlint  he  was 
notable  for  havingkilledseveralafterquarter given  bv  othcrs,using  these  words 
in  doing  it :   '  Cursed  be  he  who  doeth  the  work  of  tho  Lord  negligcnily.' " 

*  The  arbitrary  proceedings  of  tho  Long  Parliament  and  the  Cominit- 
tCTs  appointed  by  it.  in  respect  of  the  lives  and  property  of  rovalists,  and  of 
any  who  had  enemies  to  call  them  royalists,  are  hero  referred  to.  A  con- 
temporary MS.  note  in  our  copy  of 'the  first  edition  states  that  this  line 
refers  to  Sir  Charles  Lue.is  and  Sir  George  Lisle,  who  were  executed  "  allef 
quarter  given  them  bi  General  Fairfax." 

o 


82 


HtTDIBEAS.  [PAlir  I. 


I(i90 


And  has  by  most  of  us  been  held 

"Wise  justice,  and  to  some  reveal'd: 

Por  words  and  promises,  that  yoke 

The  conqueror,  are  quickly  broke  ; 

Like  Samson's  cuffs,  tho'  by  his  own 

Directions  and  advice  put  on. 

For  if  we  should  fight  for  the  Cause  1095 

By  rules  of  military  laws, 

And  only  do  what  they  call  just. 

The  Cause  would  quickly  fall  to  dust. 

This  we  among  ourselves  may  speak  ; 

But  to  the  wicked  or  the  weak  iioo 

"We  must  he  cautious  to  declare 

Perfection-truths,  such  as  these  are.' 

This  said,  the  high  outrageous  mettle 
Of  Knight  began  to  cool  and  settle. 
He  hk'd  the  Squire's  advice,  and  soon  1105 

Eesolv'd  to  see  the  bus'ness  done  ; 
And  therefore  charg'd  him  first  to  bind 
Crowdero's  hands  on  rump  behind, 
And  to  its  former  place,  and  use, 
The  wooden  member  to  reduce  ;  1110 

But  force  it  take  an  oath  before, 
Ne'er  to  bear  arms  against  him  more.^ 
Kalpho  dispatch' d  with  speedy  haste, 
And  having  ty'd  Crowdero  fast, 
He  gave  Sir  Knight  the  end  of  cord,  ms 

To  lead  the  captive  of  his  sword 
In  triumph,  while  the  steeds  he  caught. 
And  them  to  further  service  brought. 
The  Squire,  in  state,  rode  on  before. 
And  on  his  nut-brown  whinyard  bore  1120 

The  trophy-fiddle  and  the  case. 
Leaning  on  shoulder  ^  hke  a  mace. 
■  Truths  revealed  only  to  the  perfect,  or  the  initiated  in  the  l^ig^er  mj-s- 
terieB  ■,  and  here  signifying  esoteric  doctrines  in  morals,  such  as  were  avowed 
by  many  of  the  Parliamentary  leaders  and  advisers. 

^  "ThJpoet  in  making  the  wooden  leg  take  an  oath.not  t"  ^ej^^ /S^'" 
against  h5s  captor,  ridicules  those  who  obliged  theu-  P"J°%t°  *^^3^J/'J;''^ 
nSths  The  prisoners  taken  at  Brentford  were  so  sworn  by  the  Koyahsts,  but 
Dr  Downing'^and  Mr  Marshall  absolved  them  from  this  oath,  and  they  im- 
mediately served  again  in  the  parliament  army. 
»   Var.     Plac'd  on  his  shoulder. 


CAMO    H.]  HUDIBBA8.  83 

The  Knight  himself  did  after  ride, 

Leading  Crowdero  by  his  side  ; 

And  tow'd  him,  if  he  lagg'd  behind,  1125 

Like  boat  against  the  tide  and  wind. 

Thns  grave  and  solemn  they  march  on, 

Until  quite  thro'  the  town  they'd  gone : 

At  further  end  of  which  there  stands 

An  ancient  castle,  that  commands  '  1130 

Th'  adjacent  parts  ;  in  all  the  labrick 

Toil  shall  not  see  one  stone  nor  a  brick. 

But  all  of  wood,  by  pow'rful  spell 

Of  magic  made  impregnable  : 

There  's  neither  iron  bar  nor  gate,  1135 

Portcullis,  chain,  nor  bolt,  nor  grate ; 

And  yet  men  durance  there  abide, 

In  dungeon  scarce  three  inches  wide  ; 

With  roof  so  low,  that  under  it 

They  never  stand,  but  lie  or  sit ;  1140 

And  yet  so  foul,  that  whoso  is  in, 

la  to  the  middle-leg  in  prison  ; 

In  circle  magical  coufin'd. 

With  walls  of  subtle  air  and  wind, 

Wliich  none  are  able  to  break  thorough,  1145 

Until  they're  freed  by  head  of  borough. 

Thither  arriv'd,  the  advent'rous  Knight 

And  bold  Squire  from  their  steeds  alight 

At  th'  outAvard  wall,  near  which  there  stands 

A  Ba.'tile,  built  t'  imprison  hands  j'-'  1150 

By  strange  enchantment  made  to  fetter 

The  lesser  parts,  and  free  the  greater  : 

For  tho'  the  body  may  creep  through, 

The  hands  in  grate  are  fast  enow  : 

And  when  a  circle  'bout  the  ivrist  1165 

Is  made  by  beadle  exorcist. 

The  body  feels  the  spur  and  switch. 

As  if' t  were  ridden  post  by  witch, 

'  The  Stocks  arc  here  pictured  as  an  enchanted  castle,  with  infinite  wit 
and  humour,  and  in  the  tnic  spirit  of  burlesque  poetry. 

J  A  description  of  the  whipping-post ;  ancl  a  satire  upon  the  great  Stafe- 
pnson  at  Pans,  of  which  there  were  many  talcs  abroad,  strange  to  Englub 
ears  ereo  in  Stoi-ohamber  times. 

g3 


34  HTIDIBEAB.  [PAET 

At  twenty  miles  an  hour  pace, 
And  yet  iie'er  stirs  out  of  the  place. 
On  top  of  this  there  is  a  spire,  _ 

On  which  Sir  Knight  first  hids  the  Squire 
The  fiddle,  and  its  spoils,'  the  case. 
In  manner  of  a  trophy,  place. 
That  done,  they  ope  the  trap-door  gate, 
And  let  Crowdero  down  thereat. 
Crowdero  making  doleful  face, 
Like  hermit  poor  in  pensive  place, 
To  dungeon  they  the  wretch  commit. 
And  the  survivor  of  his  feet ; 

But  th'  other,  that  had  broke  the  peace, 

And  head  of  knighthood,  they  release, 

Tho'  a  delinquent  false  and  forged. 

Yet  b'ing  a  stranger  he  's  enlarged  ; 

While  his  comrade,  that  did  no  hurt, 

Is  clapp'd  up  fast  in  prison  for't. 

So  justice,  while  she  winks  at  crimes, 

Stumbles  on  innocence  sometimes. 

1  Thitis  its  hide,  Bkin,  or  covering;  as  in  "  spoils  of  the  chase." 
.  TMs  is'  he  first  line 'of  a  love-sSng,  in  great  vogne  ahout  he  year 
1  fi-^fl  It  is  siven  entire  in  Walton's  Angler  Bohn's  edit.  p.  159) 
^  3  This  alu^s  "o  the  case  of  Sir  Bernard  Gascoign.^ho  ^as  condenuied 
V,  ,  C  ,"".,,'  o;^  PLarlp^i  T  iicas  and  Sir  George  Lisle,  but  respited  from 
L'cSn  rcln?o?Mfhel;ga  ^^ner,  aiu  a  person  of  some  interest 
rhTs  own  country  (Italy).     See  Clarendon's  Eebelhon. 


116C 


1165 


1170 


1175 


PART  I.    CANTO  III. 


ARGUMENT.' 

The  Bcatter'd  rout  return  and  rally, 
Surround  the  place ;  the  Knight  does  sally. 
And  is  made  pris'ner :  then  they  seize 
Th'  enchanted  fort  by  storm,  release 
Crowdero,  and  put  the  Squire  in's  place  : 
I  should  have  first  said  Hudibras. 

'  Th*  Author  follovs  the  example  of  Spenser,  and  tlie  Italian  poets,  in 
the  dirision  of  his  work  into  parts  and  cantos.  Spenser  oontcnts  himself 
with  a  quatrain  at  the  head  ot  each  canto  ;  Butler  more  fullv  informs  his 
readers  what  they  are  to  expect,  hy  an  argument  in  the  same  s'tvlo  with  the 
poem ;  and  shoMW  that  he  knew  how  to  enliven  so  dry  a  thine  as  a  sum- 
mary. '  ^ 


PART  I.     CANTO  III. 

Y  me !  what  perils  do  environ 
The  mau  that  meddles  with  cold  iron!  ^ 
AVhat  plaguy  mischiefs  and  mishaps 
Do  doi?  him  still  with  afterclaps ! 

^ For  tho'  dame  Fortune  seem  to  smile,     5 

Aud  leer  upon  him  for  a  while. 

She'll  after  show  him,  in  the  nick 

Of  all  his  glories,  a  dog-trick. 

This  any  man  may  sing  or  say 

I-  th'  ditty  caU'd,  What  if  a  day  ?  ^  lo 

For  Hudibras,  who  thought  he'd  won 

The  field  as  certain  as  a  gun,^ 

And  having  routed  the  whole  troop, 

With  victory  was  cock-a-hoop  ;* 

'  A  parody  on  Spenser's  verses : 

Ay  me,  how  many  perils  do  enfold 

The  virtuous  man  to  make  him  daily  fall.        _ 

Fairy  Queen :  Book  i.  canto  8. 

These  two  lines  are  become  a  kind  of  proTerbial  expression,  partly  owing 
to  the  moral  reflection,  and  partly  to  the  jmgle  of  the  double  rhyme :  they 
are  applied  sometimes  to  a  man  mortally  wounded  with  a  sword  and  some- 
timSl  a  lady  who  pricks  her  finger  with  a  needle^  It  was  humorously 
applied  by  the'cambridge  wits  to  Jeffreys,  «",*<^  P"^,>^^^?°°  .f  ,^"i„^5.- 
ron's  "En.'lish  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers."  Butlei-,  in  his  MS  Com- 
mon Place-book,  on  this  passage,  observes  :  "  Cold  ironm  Greenland  burns 
as  grievously  as  hot."  Some  editions  read  "  Ah  me. 
2  An  old  ballad,  which  begins  : 

What  if  a  diiy,  or  a  month,  or  a  year 

Crown  thy  delights. 
With  a  thousand  wish't  contentmgs! 
Cannot  the  chance  of  a  night  or  an  hour, 
Cross  thy  delights, 
With  as  many  sad  tormentings  ? 

s  The  first  edition  reads  :  Suer  as  a  gun.  ^    „  .ka 

•  That  is,  crowing  or  rejoicing.     Handbook  of  Proverbs,  p.  154. 


C4.NT0    III.J  HUDIBRA9.  87 

Thinking  lie  'd  done  enough  to  pnrehnse  15 

Thanksgiving-day  among  the  churches,' 

"Wherein  his  metal  and  brave  worth 

Might  be  ex]ilaiu'd  by  holder-t'orth, 

And  register'd  by  lame  eternal, 

In  deathless  pages  of  diurnal ; '■'  20 

Found  in  few  minutes,  to  his  cost. 

He  did  but  count  without  his  host ; ' 

And  that  a  turn-stile  is  more  certain 

Than,  in  events  of  war.  Dame  Fortune. 

For  now  the  late  i'aint-hearted  rout,  25 

O'erthrown  and  scatter'd  round  about, 
Cbas'd  by  the  horror  of  their  fear. 
From  bloody  fray  of  Knight  and  Bear, 
All  but  the  dogs,  who,  in  pursuit 
Of  the  Knight's  victory,  stood  to 't,  30 

And  most  ignobly  sought  *  to  get 
The  honour  of  his  blood  and  sweat,' 
Seeing  the  coast  was  free  and  clear 
O'  the  eonqner'd  and  tiie  conqueror, 
Took  heart  of  grace,^  and  fac'd  about,  35 

As  if  they  meant  to  stand  it  out : 
For  now  the  half  defeated  bear,' 
Attack'd  by  th'  enemy  i'  th'  rear. 
Finding  their  number  grew  too  great 
For  him  to  make  a  safe  retreat,  40 

Like  a  bold  chieftain  fac'd  about  ; 
But  wisely  doubting  to  hold  out. 
Gave  way  to  fortune,  and  with  haste 
Fac'd  the  proud  foe,  and  lied,  and  fac'd, 

'  The  parliament  was  accustomed  to  order  a  d^y  of  puldic  Thanksginng', 
on  occasion  of  every  advantjijje  gained  over  the  Uoyalists,  liowever  trifling. 
And  at  these  seasons  the  valour  and  worthiness  of  the  leader,  who  had  gained 
the  victorv,  were  lauded  and  enlarged  upon. 

'  The  gazettes  or  newspapers,  on  the  side  of  the  parliament,  were  pub- 
lished daiiv,  and  called  Diurnals. 

'  Handbook  of  I'roverhs,  p.  542.  *   Var.     Fought. 

'  .4n  allusion  to  the  complaint  of  the  Presbyterian  commanders 
against  the  Independents,  when  the  Self-denying  Ordinance  had  excluded 
them. 

*  -Mtered  in  subsequent  editions  to  "took  heart  again." 

'  The  first  editions  read :  For  by  this  time  the  routed  bear. 


88  HITDIBEAS. 


lparx  r. 


Uetii'ing  still,  uutil  he  found  4S 

He'd  got  th'  advantage  of  the  gro'ind; 

And  then  as  valiantly  made  head 

To  check  the  foe,  and  forthwith  fled, 

Leaving  no  art  untry'd,  nor  trick 

Of  warrior  stout  and  politick ;  60 

Until,  in  spite  of  hot  pursuit, 

He  gain'd  a  pass,  to  hold  dispute 

On  better  terms,  and  stop  the  course 

Of  the  proud  foe.     With  all  his  force 

He  bravely  charg'd,  and  for  a  while  sg 

Porc'd  their  whole  body  to  recoil ; 

But  still  their  numbers  so  increas'd. 

He  found  himself  at  length  oppress'd, 

And  all  evasions  so  uncertain, 

To  save  himself  for  better  fortune,  60 

That  he  resolv'd,  rather  than  yield, 

To  die  with  honour  in  the  field, 

And  sell  his  hide  and  carcase  at 

A  price  as  high  and  desperate 

As  e'er  he  could.     This  resolution  65 

He  forthwith  put  in  execution, 

And  bravely  threw  himself  among 

Th'  enemy  i'  th'  greatest  throng ; 

But  what  could  single  valour  do 

Against  so  numerous  a  foe  ?  70 

Tet  much  he  did,  indeed  too  much 

To  be  believ'd,  where  th'  odds  were  such  ; 

But  one  against  a  multitude 

Is  more  than  mortal  can  make  good : 

For  while  one  party  he  oppos'd,  75 

His  rear  was  suddenly  enelos'd. 

And  no  room  left  him  for  retreat, 

Or  fight  against  a  foe  so  great. 

For  now  the  mastiffs,  charging  home. 

To  blows  and  liaudy-gripes  were  come ;  go 

While  manfully  himself  he  bore. 

And,  setting  his  right  foot  before, 

He  rais'd  himself  to  show  how  tall 

His  person  was,  above  them  all. 


CAKTO   III.J  nUDIBHAS.  89 

This  equal  shame  and  envy  stirr'd  8u 

In  th'  enemy,  that  one  should  beard 
So  many  warriors,  and  so  stout. 
As  he  had  done,  and  stav'd  it  out, 
Disdaining  to  lay  down  his  arms, 
And  yield  on  honourable  terms.  90 

Enraged  thus,  some  in  the  rear 
Attaok'd  him,  and  some  ev'rywhere, 
Till  down  he  fell ;  yet  falling  Ibuglit, 
And,  being  down,  still  laid  about  • 
As  "Widdriugton,  in  doleful  dumps,  95 

Is  said  to  fight  upon  his  stumps.' 
But  all,  alas !  had  been  in  vaiu. 
And  he  inevitably  slain. 
If  Trulla  and  Cerdon,  in  the  nick, 
To  rescue  him  had  not  been  quiek  :  100 

For  Trulla,  who  was  liglit  of  foot. 
As  shafts  which  long-Held  Parthiaus  shoot  ;- 
But  not  so  light  as  to  be  borne 
Upon  the  ears  of  standing  eorn,^ 
Or  trip  it  o'er  the  water  quicker  IM5 

Thau  witches,  when  their  staves  they  liquor,'' 
As  some  report,  was  got  among 
The  foremost  of  the  martial  tlirong; 
"Where,  pit_ving  the  vauquish'd  bear, 
She  call'd  to  Cerdon,  who  stood  near,  110 

Viewing  the  bloody  figlit ;  to  whom,  ' 
Shall  we,  quoth  she,  stand  still  hum-drum, 
And  see  stout  Bruin,  all  alone. 
By  numbers  basely  overthrown  ? 

'  So  in  the  famous  soii»  of  Chevy  Ch.Tsc : 

For  Witherinjjton  needs  must  I  wail. 

As  one  in  dnleful  (iunips. 
For  when  his  liw's  were  smitten  off 

He  fought  upon  his  stun)ps. 

^  tA>ng -field  is  a  term  of  arehcrv,  and  a  long- fielder  is  still  a  hero  at  a 
cneket  nialeh. 

.   '.  A  satirical  stroke  at  the  character  of  Camilla,  whose  speed  is  hvner- 
twlicaUly  dcscnhed  hy  Virgil,  at  the  end  ..1  the  s,.venth  book  of  the  -Eneid 
Witches  arc  said  to  ride  upon  broomstieks,  and  to  liquor,  or  Krcaso 
them,  that  they  may  go  faster.     See  Lucan,  vi.  572. 


90 


HrDIBEAS.  ITXZS 


Such  feats  already  lie  'as  acliiev'd,  115 

In  story  not  to  lie  believ'd, 

And  'twould  to  us  be  shame  enough, 

Not  to  attempt  to  fetch  him  off. 

I  would,  quoth  he,  venture  a  limb 
To  second  thee,  and  rescue  him  ;  120 

But  then  we  must  about  it  straight, 
Or  else  our  aid  will  come  too  late  ; 
Quarter  he  scorns,  he  is  so  stout, 
And  therefore  cannot  long  hold  out. 
This  said,  they  wav'd  their  weapons  round  ISo 

About  their  heads,  to  clear  the  ground ; 
And  joining  forces,  laid  about 
So  fiercely,  that  th'  amazed  rout 
Turn'd  tail  again,  and  straight  begun. 
As  if  the  devil  drove,  to  run.  ^     .      "" 

Meanwhile  th'  approach'd  th'  place  where  Brum 

"Was  now  engag'd  to  mortal  rum  : 

The  conqu'ring  foe  they  soon  assail'd; 

First  Trulla  stav'd,  and  Cerdon  tail'd,' 

Until  the  mastiffs  loos'd  their  hold  :  135 

And  yet,  alas  !  do  what  they  could. 

The  worsted  bear  came  off  with  store 

Of  bloody  wounds,  but  aU  before :  - 

For  as  Achilles,  dipt  in  pond. 

Was  anabaptiz'd  free  from  wound,  1*0 

Made  proof  against  dead-doing  steel 

All  over,  but  the  pagan  heel ; ^ 

.  Trulla  interposed  her  staff  between  the  dogs  and  the  I'ear,  in  order  topar» 
them  •  and  Cerdon  drew  the  dogs  away  hy  their  tails.  Stoing  and  tailing 
are  technieal  terms  nsed  in  the  bear-garden,  but  are  sometimes  apphed  me- 

remember  Old  Siward,  in  the  last  scene  of  Macbeth : 

Siy,_     Had  he  his  hurts  before  ? 

Boss.    Ave,  in  the  front. 

AVhy  thea  God's  soldier  is  he  ! 
Had  I  as  many  sons  as  I  have  hairs, 
I  would  not  wish  them  to  a  fairer  death. 
And  so  his  knell  is  knoll' d. 
3  The  Anabaptists  insisted  upon  the  necessity,  of  i^^jfaU^-'burJ 
,0  Butler  uses  the  word  "anabapt.zed     as  equivalent  to     dipt     .  but  a. 
the  vulnerable  heel  was  not  dipt,  he  caUs  it     pagan. 


CA5T0    III.J  HTJriBEAS.  91 

So  did  our  ohampion's  arms  defend 

All  of  him  but  the  other  end, 

His  head  aud  ears,  which  in  the  martial  145 

Encounter  lost  a  leathern  parcel ; 

For  as  an  Austrian  archdui<e  once 

Had  one  ear,  whicli  in  ducatoons 

Is  half  the  coin,  in  battle  par'd 

Close  to  his  head,'  so  Bruin  lar'd;  160 

But  tugg'd  and  pull'd  on  th'  other  side, 

Like  scriv'uer  newly  crucify'd  ;^ 

Or  like  the  late-eorrected  leathern 

Ears  of  the  circumcised  brethren.* 

But  gentle  Trulla  into  th'  ring  165 

He  wore  in's  nose  convey'd  a  string. 

With  which  she  march'd"  before,  and  led 

The  warrior  to  a  grassy  bed, 

As  authors  write,  in  a  cool  shade,* 

"Which  eglantine  aud  roses  made  ;  190 

Close  by  a  softly  miirm'ring  stream, 

"Wliere  lovers  use  to  loll  aud  dream : 

There  leaving  him  to  his  repose, 

Secured  from  pursuit  of  foes, 

'  Albert,  archduke  of  Austria,  brother  to  the  emperor  Rodolph  the  Second, 
had  one  of  his  ears  grazed  bjr  a  spear,  when  he  had  taken  off  his  helmet,  and 
was  endeavouring  to  rally  his  soldiere,  in  an  engasemeut  with  Prince  Mau- 
rice of  Xassau.  ann.  1598.     A  ducatoon  is  half  aducat. 

2  In  those  days  lawyers  or  scriveners,  guilty  of  dishonest  practices,  were 
sentenced  to  lose  their  ears. 

'  Prj-nne,  Bastwick,  and  Rurton,  who  were  placed  in  the  pillory,  and  had 
their  cars  cut  otT,  by  order  of  the  Star-chamber,  in  16.37,  for  writing  sedi- 
tious libels.  They  were  banished  into  remote  parts  of  the  kingdom ;  but 
recalled  by  the  p.irliament  in  1610.  At  their  return  the  populace  received 
them  \Tith  enthusiasm.  They  were  met,  near  London,  by  ten  thousand  per- 
sons, carrying  boughs  and  tlowirs ;  and  the  members  of  the  Star-chamber, 
concerned  in  punishing  them,  were  fined  £4000  for  each. 

*  The  passage  which  commences  witli  this  line  is  an  admirable  satire  on 
the  romance  writers  of  those  days  ;  who  imitated  the  well-known  passages 
in  Ilomer  and  Virgil,  which  represented  the  care  taken  by  tlie  deities  of 
their  favourites,  after  combala.  "In  this  passage  (says  Hanisay)  the  burlesque 
is  maintained  with  great  skill,  tlie  imagery  is  descriptive,  and  the  verse 
smooth ;  showing  that  the  author  might,  had  he  chosen,  have  produced 
something  in  a  very  different  strain  to  '  Hudibras  ■ ;  though  of  less  excel- 
lence. He  perhaps  knew  the  true  bent  of  his  genius,  and  probably  felt  a 
contempt  for  the  easy  smoothness  and  pretty  feebleness  of  his  eontcmpo. 
ranes,  of  whom  Waller  and  Ueuham  were  the  two  most  striking  examples.' 


92  HUDIBEAS.  [PA2T    I. 

And  wanting  nothing  but  a  song,'  165 

And  a  well-tuned  theorbo  ^  hung 

Upon  a  bough,  to  ease  the  pain 

His  tugg'd  ears  suiFer'd,  with  a  strain.' 

They  both  drew  up,  to  march  in  quest 

Of  his  great  leader,  and  the  rest.  170 

Por  Orsin,  who  was  more  renown'd 
For  stout  maintaining  of  his  ground 
In  standing  fights,  than  for  pursuit, 
As  being  not  so  quick  of  foot, 

"Was  not  long  able  to  keep  pace  175 

With  others  that  pursu'd  the  chase, 
But  found  himself  left  far  behind, 
Both  out  of  heart  and  out  of  wind  ; 
Griev'd  to  behold  his  bear  pursu'd 
So  basely  by  a  multitude,  180 

And  like  to  fall,  not  by  the  prowess, 
But  numbers,  of  his  coward  foes. 
He  rag'd,  and  kept  as  heavy  a  coU  as 
Stout  Hercules  for  loss  of  Hylas  ;^ 
Forcing  the  vallies  to  repeat  185 

The  accents  of  his  sad  regret : 
He  beat  his  breast,  and  tore  his  hair, 
Tor  loss  of  his  dear  crony  bear  ; 
That  Echo,  from  the  hollow  ground,* 
His  doleful  wailings  did  resound  190 

'  The  ancients  believed  that  Music  had  the  power  of  curing  hemorrhages, 
gout,  sciatica,  and  all  sorts  of  sprains,  when  once  the  patient  found  himself 
capable  of  listening  to   it.     Thus   Homer,  Odyssey,  book  six.   line   634 

of  Pope.  ,     T    1- 

=  A  large  lute  for  playing  a  thorough  bass,  used  by  the  Italians. 

'  In  Grey's  edition  it  is  thus  pointed : 

His  tugg'd  ears  suffer'd ;  with  a  strain 
They  both  drew  up — 
But  the  poet  probably  meant  a  well-tuned  theorbo,  to  ease  the  pain  with 
a  strain,  that  is,  with  music  and  a  song.  _      „  ,   ^, 

»  Hercules,  when  he  bewails  the  loss  of  Hylas.  See  Val.  Flac.  Ai-gon. 
iii.  593,  and  Theocritus,  Idyl.  xiii.  68.  ,  -r.  . 

5  A  fine  satire  (says  Grey)  on  that  false  kind  of  wit  which  makes  an  licho 
talk  sensibly,  and  give  rational  answers.  Echoes  were  frequently  introduced 
by  the  ancient  poets  (Ovid.  Metam.  iii.  379 ;  Anthol.  Gr.  iii.  6,  &c.),  and 
had  become  a  fiishion  in  England  from  the  Elizabethan  era  to  the  tinie  when 
Butler  wrote.  Addison,  see  Spectator  59,  reproves  this,  as  he  calls  it,  "sUly 


CANTO    IIT.]  inniDRAS.  93 

JFore  wistfully,  by  iiiaiiy  tiiiios, 

Thau  in  small  pouts'  spjav-toot  rhymes,' 

That  make  her,  in  their  nithful  stories, 

To  answer  to  inter'gatories. 

And  most  unconscionably  depose  19g 

To  things  of  which  she  nothing  knows  ; 

And  when  she  has  said  all  she  can  say, 

'Tis  wrested  to  the  lover's  fancy. 

Quoth  he.  O  whither,  wicked  Bruin, 

Art  thou  fled  to  my — Echo,  ruin.  200 

I  thought  th'  hadst  scorn'd  to  budge  a  step. 

For  fear.     Quoth  Echo,  Mam/  quep?- 

Am  not  I  here  to  take  thy  pai-t'? 

Then  what  lias  quail'd  thv  stubborn  heart  ? 

Have  these  bones  rattled",  and  this  head  205 

So  often  in  thy  quarrel  bled  ? 

Nor  did  I  ever  wince  or  grudge  it, 

For  thy  dear  sake.     Quoth  she,  Mvm  ludget? 

Thinks't  thou  'twill  not  be  laid  i'  th'  dish  < 

Thou  turn'dst  thy  back  ?     Quoth  Echo,  Fish.        210 

To  run  from  those  th'  hadst  overcome 

Thus  cowardly  ?     Quoth  Echo,  Mum. 

But  what  a-vengeance  makes  thee  fly 

From  me  too,  as  thine  enemy  ? 

kind  of  device,"  and  cites  Er.nsmus's  Dialogues,  where  an  Echo  is  made  to 
answer  in  Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew.  ]!ut  all  the  ancient  Echoes  arc  out- 
rtone  by  the  Insh  Echo,  which  in  answer  to  "How  do  you  do,  Paddv 
Blake?'   echoed,  "Pretty  well,  thank  you." 

'  Supposed  to  be  a  sneer  at  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  who  in  his  Arcadia  has  a 
long  poem  between  the  speaker  and  Echo. 

»  An  exclamation  or  small  oath,  having  no  particular  import,  apparently 
the  onpin  of  our  Marry  come  up.  It  is  used  by  Tavlor  the  Water  Poet, 
lien  Jonson,  and  Gayton  in  his  Translation  of  Don  Qiii.tole. 

J"  That  IS,  "  be  silent,"  in  allusion  to  what  Shakspeare  puts  into  the  mouth 
or  ."Master  Slander :  "  I  come  to  her  in  white,  and  crv  mum ;  she  cries  bud- 
get ;  and  by  that  wc  know  one  another."— Jlerry  Vivos,  Act  v.  sc.  2. 

•  To  lay  in  one's  dish,  to  make  an  accusation  BRainst  one,  to  lav  a  charet 
•t  one's  door.  '         J  b 

Last  nit'ht  you  Ini/  it,  madam,  in  our  dish, 
How  that  a'  maid  of  ours  (whom  we  must  check) 
Had  broke  your  litcbea  leg. 

Sir  John  Harrington,  Epigr.  i.  27. 


94  HTJDIBBAS.  [PAET   I. 

Or,  if  thou  liast  no  thouglit  of  me,  215 

Nor  what  I  have  endur'd  for  thee, 

Yet  shame  and  honour  might  prevail 

To  keep  thee  thus  from  turning  tail : 

For  who  would  grutch  to  spend  his  blood  in 

His  honour's  cause  ?     Quoth  she,  a  Puddin.  220 

This  said,  his  grief  to  anger  tiirn'd, 

Which  in  his  manly  stomach  burn'd ; 

Thirst  of  revenge,  and  wrath,  in  place 

Of  sorrow,  now  began  to  blaze. 

He  vow'd  the  authors  of  bis  woe  226 

Should  equal  vengeance  undergo  ; 

And  with  their  bones  and  flesh  pay  dear 

For  what  he  suffer'd  and  his  bear. 

This  b'ing  resolv'd,  with  equal  speed 

Ajid  rage,  he  hasted  to  proceed  230 

To  action  straight,  and  giving  o'er 

To  search  for  Bruin  any  more. 

He  went  in  quest  of  Hudibras, 

To  find  him  out,  where'er  he  was  ; 

Ajid  if  he  were  above  ground,  vow'd  235 

He  'd  ferret  him,  lurk  where  he  wou'd. 
But  scarce  had  he  a  furlong  on 

This  resolute  adventure  gone. 

When  he  encounter' d  with  that  crew 

Whom  Hudibras  did  late  subdue.  240 

Honour,  rerenge,  contempt,  and  shame, 

Did  equally  their  breasts  inflame. 

'Mong  these  the  fierce  Magnauo  was, 

And  Talgol,  1  le  to  Hudibras  ; 

Cerdon  and  C  olon,  warriors  stout,  245 

And  resolute,  as  ever  fought ; 

Wliom  furious  Orsin  thus  bespoke  : 
Shall  we,  qu(th  he,  thus  basely  brook 

The  vile  afiront  that  paltry  ass. 

And  feeble  seom\drel,  Hudibras,  250 

With  that  more  paltry  ragamuffin, 

Ealpho,  -ndth  vapoiring  and  huflang, 

Have  put  upon  us,  like  tame  cattle, 

Ab  if  th'  had  route-d  us  in  battle  ? 


CANTO    III.]  HUDIBEAS. 

For  mv  part,  it  shall  ne'er  be  said 
I  for  the  washing  gave  my  head :  ' 
Nor  did  I  turu  my  back  for  fear 
O'  th'  rascals,  but  loss  of  my  bear,"'' 
"NVIiich  now  I  'm  like  to  undergo ;  ' 
For  whether  these  fell  woundst  or  no, 
He  has  received  in  fight,  are  mortal,  ' 
Is  more  than  all  my  skill  can  foretel ; 
IS'or  do  I  know  what  is  become 
Of  him.  more  than  the  Pope  of  Eome,^ 
But  if  I  can  but  find  them  out 
That  caused  it,  as  I  shall  no  doubt, 
Where'er  th'  in  hugger-mugger  lurk  ■■ 
I  '11  make  them  rue  their  handiwork,' 
And  wish  that  they  had  rather  dar'd 
To  pull  the  devil  by  the  beard.* 

Quoth  Cerdon,  noble  Orsin,  th'  hast 
Great  reason  to  do  as  thou  say'st, 
And  so  has  ev'rybody  here. 
As  well  as  thou' hast,  or  thy  bear: 
Others  may  do  as  thev  see  good  ; 
But  if  this  tn-ig  be  made  of  wood 
That  will  hold  tack,  I  'II  make  the  fur 
Fly  'bout  the  ears  of  the  old  cur, 

KnlJ*""  '^  '"''f.l'^  cowardly,  or  surrendered  at  discretion  :  jeering  ob- 
hqnelT  perhaps  at  the  anabaptistical  notions  of  Ralpho.  Hooker,  or  Vcfwler 
St^otr^'r  »f  E,='^'<'^','!,ri"en  about  1584,  speaking  of  the  parson  of 
St  Thomi^,  who  was  hanged  dunng  the  siege,  savs,  "he  was  a  stout  min 

Orey  gives  the  following  quotation  from  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Cupfd's 
Revenge,  Act  iv.  '■  Ut  Citizen.   It  holds,  he  dies  this  morning.  2ud  cTl 

good  feUows^  that  wiU  not  j,u<!M«r/,ra<i» /or  M«™M»,7." 

and  1704  '"'""^  "''  "^'  ^''"■-    ^^  ^  ''''"'""^  between  1674 

!  Ju"  ™™™?''  sayin?  '»  a  meer  at  the  Pope's  infaUibilitv. 
I  he  confusion  or  want  of  order  occasioned  by  haste  and  secrecy. 

and  we  have  done  but  greenly 

In  hugger-mugger  to  inter  him. 

Hamlet,  iv.  6.     See  also  'Wright's  Glossary. 
»  \  proverbial  exprcMion  used  for  any  bold  or  daring  enterprise  :  so  wo 
say  To  take  a  lion  by  the  beard.     The  Spaniards  deemed  it  tie  most  un- 
pardonable of  affronts  to  bo  pulled  by  t£«  beard,  and  would  resent  it  at 
liie  bazard  or  Lfe. 


95 

256 


260 


265 


270 


275 


96 


HUDIBEAS.  [yAET   X 


And  th'  otlier  mongTel  vermin,  Ealpli, 

That  brav'd  us  all  in  his  behalf.^  28C 

Thy  bear  is  safe,  and  out  of  peril, 

Tho'  lugg'd  indeed,  and  wounded  very  ill ; 

Myself  and  TruUa  made  a  shift 

To  help  him  out  at  a  dead  lift ; 

And  having  brought  him  bravely  off,  286 

Have  left  him  where  he's  safe  enough : 

There  let  him  rest ;  for  if  we  stay, 

The  slaves  may  hap  to  get  away. 

This  said,  tliey  all  engag'd  to  join 
Their  forces  in  the  same  design,  290 

And  forthwith  pat  themselves,  in  search 

Of  Hudibras,  upon  their  march  : 

"Where  leave  we  them  awhile,  to  tell 

What  the  victorious  Knight  befell ; 

Por  such,  Crowdero  being  fast  295 

In  dungeon  shut,  we  left  him  last. 

Triumphant  laurels  seem'd  to  grow 

Nowhere  so  green  as  on  his  brow  ; 

Laden  with  Avhich,  as  well  as  tir'd 

With  conqu'ring  toil,  he  now  retir'd  300 

Unto  a  neighb'ring  castle  by, 

To  rest  his  body,  and  apply 

Fit  med'cines  to  each  glorious  bruise 

He  got  in  fight,  reds,  blacks,  and  blues ; 

To  mollify  th'  uneasy  pang  306 

Of  ev'ry  honourable  bang. 

Which  "b'ing  by  skilful  midwife  drest. 

He  laid  him  down  to  take  his  rest. 
But  all  in  vain  :  he  'ad  got  a  hurt 

O'  th'  inside,  of  a  deadlier  sort,  310 

By  Cupid  made,  who  took  his  stand 

Upon  a  widow's  jointure-laud,' 

'  The  widow  is  presumed  by  Grey  to  be  Mrs  Tomson,  who  had  a  jointure 
of  £200  a  year.  The  courtship  appears  to  be  a  fact  dressed  up  by  Butler  s 
humour  (although  the  editor  of  1819  thinks  it  apocryphal)  from  ^A  alker-s 
History  of  Independency,  i.  p.  170.  We  learn  that  Sir  bamuel  Luke,  to  re- 
pair his  decayed  estate,  sighed  for  the  widow's  jointure,  but  met  with  fatal 
obstacles  in  his  suit,  for  she  was  a  mere  coquet,  and  what  was  worse  as  re- 
garded her  suitor's  principles,  she  was  a  royalist.  Her  mexorablcn  !ss,  says 
Mr  Walker,  was  eventually  the  cause  of  the  knight  s  death. 


CAWTo  in]  HrciBBAs.  87 

For  he,  in  all  his  ani'rous  battlefi, 

No  'dvantage  iiiuls  hke  goods  and  chattelsj, 

Drew  home  his  bow,  and  aiming  right,  31i 

Let  fly  an  arrow  at  the  Knight ; 

The  shaft  against  a  rib  did  glance, 

And  gall  liiiu  in  the  purlenance  ; ' 

But  time  had  somewhat  'swaged  his  pain, 

After  he  had  found  his  suit  in  vain:  3J0 

For  that  proud  dame,  for  whom  his  soul 

"Was  burnt  in  's  bellv  like  a  coal, 

That  belly  that  so  oft  did  ake. 

And  suft'er  gri{)ing  for  her  sake. 

Till  purging  comfits  and  ant's  eggs'  .32? 

Had  almost  brought  him  off  his  legs, 

L  s'd  him  so  like  a  base  rascallion. 

That  old  P(/y— what  d'  y'  call  him — malion. 

That  cut  his  mistress  out  of  stone,^ 

Had  not  so  hard  a  hearted  one.  333 

She  had  a  thousand  jadish  tricks, 

Worse  than  a  mule  "that  flings  and  kicks  ; 

'Mong  which  one  cross-grain'd  freak  she  had, 

As  insolent  as  strange  and  mad  ; 

She  could  love  none  but  only  such  335 

As  scorn'd  and  hated  her  as" much. < 

'Twas  a  strange  riddle  of  a  lady  ; 

Not  love,  if  any  lov'd  her  ?  hey-day  !  = 

So  cowards  never  use  their  might. 

But  against  such  as  will  not  fight.  34.-) 

'  \  Udiorous  name  for  the  kniffht's  heart :  taken  from  a  calfs  head  aii.l 
piirtrnance,  as  it  is  viilparly  called,  instead  of  appurtenance  (or  pluck! 
nhi.  h,  among  other  entrails,  contains  the  heart.  The  word  is  used  in  fli." 
«inic  sense  in  the  liihle.     Sec  Exodus  xii.  9. 

-  Ants'  ,-g^  were  formerly  supposed,  by  some,  to  be  anUphrodisiaes  or 
antidotes  to  love   passions.     See  Scot's  Discovery  of  Witchcraft    b.  vi 

•  Pygmalion,  as  the  mytholopists  say,  fell  in  love  with  a  statue  of  hU 
own  carviuj ;    which  Venus,  to  gratify  him,  turned  into  a  living  woman 
.Ne  Ovid  s  -Metamorphoses,  lib.  x.  1.  247. 

«  Such  capricious  kind  of  love  is  described  by  Horace :  Satires,  book  i. 

'So  in  the  edition  of  1678,  in  others  it  is  ha-day.  but  either  may  stand 
•s  they  l»th  signify  a  mark  of  Admiration.    See  Stinncr  and  Junius         ' 

H 


gg  HUDIBBA^.  [PAKT   I. 

So  some  diseases  have  been  found 

Only  to  seize  upon  the  sound.^ 

He  that  gets  her  by  heart,  must  say  her 

The  back-way,  like  a  witch's  prayer.^ 

Meanwhile  the  Knight  had  no  small  task  345 

To  compass  what  he  durst  not  ask ; 

He  loves,  but  dares  not  make  the  motion ; 

Her  ignorance  is  his  devotion  :  ^ 

Like  caitiff  vile,  that  for  misdeed 

Eides  with  his  face  to  rump  of  steed  ;*  350 

Or  rowing  scull,  he  's  fain  to  love, 

Look  one  way  and  another  move  ; 

Or  like  a  tumbler  that  does  play 

His  game,  and  look  another  way,^ 

Until  he  seize  upon  the  coney  ;  355 

Just  so  does  he  by  matrimony. 

•  "It  is  common  for  horses,  as  well  as  men,  to  be  afflicted  with  sciatica, 
or  rheumatism,  to  a  great  degree,  for  weeks  together,  and  when  they  once 
get  clear  of  the  fit,  never  perhaps  hear  any  more  of  it  whUe  they  hve :  tor 
these  distempers,  with  some  others,  called  salutary  distempers,  seldom  or 
never  seize  upon  an  unsound  body."  Bracken's  Farriery  Improved,  ii.  46. 
The  meaning  then,  from  ver.  338,  is  this :  As  the  widow  loved  none  that  were 
disposed  to  love  her,  so  cowards  fight  with  none  that  are  disposed  to  fight 
with  them :  so  some  diseases  seize  upon  none  that  are  already  distempered, 
but  upon  those  only  who,  through  the  firmness  of  their  constitution,  seem 
least  liable  to  such  attacks.  ,^,      c.      .  ^       ^t     c, 

2  That  is,  the  Lord's  Prayer  read  backwards.  The  bpectator,  INo.  bl, 
sneaking  of  an  epigram  called  the  Witch's  Prayer,  says,  it  fell  into  verse 
whether  read  backwards  or  forwards,  excepting  only  that  it  cursed  one 
way  and  blessed  the  other."     See  Spectator,  No.  110,  117,  upon  A\itch- 

»  A  banter  on  the  Papists,  who,  denying  to  the  laity  the  use  of  the  Bible 
or  Prayer-book  in  the  vulgar  tongue,  are  charged  with  asserting,  that 
"ignorance  is  the  mother  of  devotion."  The  wit  here  is  m  making  the 
widow's  in-norance  of  his  love  the  cause  of  the  Knight's  devotion. 

*  Dr  Grey  supposes  this  may  allude  to  five  members  of  the  army,  who, 
on  the  6th  of  March,  1648,  were  forced  to  ride  in  New  Palace  yard  with 
their  faces  towards  their  horses'  tails,  had  their  swords  broken  over  their 
heads,  and  were  cashiered,  for  petitioning  the  Rump  for  rehet  ot  the  op- 
pressed commonwealth.  , 

5  A  do.^  called  by  the  Latins  Vertaqus,  that  rolls  hmiself  m  a  heap,  and 
tumbles  over,  disguising  his  shape  and  motion,  till  he  is  near  enough  to 
his  obioct  to  seize  it  by  a  sudden  spring.  The  tumbler  was  generally  used 
ia  huntino-  rabbits.  See  Caius  de  Canibus  Britannicis  {Kay,  on  Enghshe 
Dogges,  sm.  4to,  Land.  1578),  and  Martial.  Ub.  .\iv.  Epig.  200. 


I 


seo 


36.J 


3/0 


CASIO    HI.]  HtlDIBHAS. 

But  all  in  vain  :  lier  subtle  snout 

Did  quickly  wind  his  lueauiug  out  • 

Which  she  retunrd  with  too  much' scorn, 

lo  be  by  man  of  lionour  borne  ; 

Yet  nnicli  ho  bore,  until  the  dis'tress 

He  siitler'd  from  his  spi-htfid  mistress 

iJid  stir  his  stomach,  and  the  paiu 

He  had  endur'd  from  her  disdain 

Turn'd  to  regret  so  resolute, 

That  he  resolv'd  to  wave  his  suit. 

And  either  to  renounce  her  quite. 

Or  for  a  while  jilay  least  in  sight.' 

This  rt>sohition  b'ius;  put  on, 

He  kept  some  mouths,  and  inore  had  done 

But  being  brought  so  nigh  by  fate,  ' 

The  vict'ry  he  achiev'd  so  late 

Did  set  his  thoughts  agog,  and  ope 

A  door  to  discontinu'd  hope,' 

Tliat  seem'd  to  promise  he  might  vdn 

His  dame  too,  now  his  hand  was  in ; 

And  that  his  valour,  and  the  honour 

He  'ad  newly  gaiu'd,  might  work  upon  her  ■ 

Ihese  reasons  made  his  mouth  to  water, 

With  am'rous  longings  to  be  at  her. 

Thought  he  unto  himself,  who  knows 
But  this  brave  conquest  o'er  my  foes 
May  reach  her  heart,  and  make  that  stoop 
As  1  but  now  have  forc'd  the  troop  ? 
11  nothing  can  oppugne  love,^ 
And  virtue  invious^  ways  can  prove, 
W  hat  may  not  lie  confide  to  do 
That  brings  both  love  and  virtue  too  ? 
But  thou  briiig'st  valour  too,  and  wit 
T^vo  things  that  seldom  fail  to  hit.      ' 
Valour  's  a  mouse-trap,  wit  a  gin, 
Which  women  oft  are  taken  in  :*' 

«r.4""""°^       '  '""^'°  "'•■  °f'""  ^-P'ivatcd  by  a  red  coat  or  a  copy  A 

H    2 


380 


3»S 


393 


lOD 


HTJDIDKAS.  [PABT    I. 

Then,  Huclibras,  why  shoiild'st  thou  fear 

To  he,  that  art  a  conqueror  ? 

Fortune  the  audacious  doth  j««(rre,  ^^-^ 

But  lets  the  tlmidous^  miscarry  : 

Then,  while  the  honour  thou  hast  got 

Is  spick  and  span  new,  piping  hot,^ 

Strike  her  up  bravely  thou  hadst  best, 

And  trust  thy  fortune  with  the  rest.  400 

Such  thoughts  as  these  the  Knight  did  keep 
]\Iore  than  his  baugs,  or  fleas,  from  sleep  ; 
And  as  an  owl,  that  in  a  barn 
Sees  a  mouse  creeping  in  the  corn. 
Sits  still,  and  shuts  his  round  blue  eyes,  *^= 

As  if  he  slept,  until  he  spies 
The  little  beast  within  his  reach, 
Then  starts,  and  seizes  on  the  wretch  ; 
So  from  his  couch  the  Kuight  did  start, 

To  seize  upon  the  widow's  heart ;  *i' 

Crying,  with  hasty  tone  and  hoarse, 

Ealpho,  dispatch,  to  horse,  to  horse  ! 

And  'twas  but  time  ;  for  now  the  rout, 

We  left  engag'd  to  seek  him  out. 

By  speedy  marches  were  advanc'd  41^ 

lip  to  the  fort  where  he  ensconc'd, 

And  all  the  avenues  possest 

About  the  place,  from  east  to  west. 
That  done,  awhile  they  made  a  halt, 

To  view  the  ground,  and  where  t'  assault :  420 

Then  call'd  a  council,  which  was  best, 

By  siege,  or  onslaught,  to  invest 

The  enemy  ;  and  'twas  agreed 

By  storm  aud  onslaught  to  proceed. 

Tins  b'iug  resolv'd,  in  comely  sort  *-'> 

They  now  drew  up  t'  attack  the  fort ; 

'  Alluding  to  the  familiar  quotation,  Fortes  Fortuna  adjuvat,  "Fortune 

^''•''"r/mlrfo«f  from  timidus ;  the  hero  being  in  a  latinizing  humour. 

3  Snkk  and   pan  is  derived  by  Dr  Grey  from  spike,  wh.eh  signiBes  a  nail 
..f  ;™S;t  w^lL^n^Uin  mie  a^i  ^^^ 

;;;f;rn',Sred  h/tretil  Z'X    R.y  gives  a  different  derivation ; 
iee  Bohn's  Handbook  of  Proverbs,  page  17b. 


CANTO    III.]  HUDIBRA8.  lOl 

When  HjJibras,  about  to  enter 

Upon  anothergates  adventure,' 

To  Hnlpho  call'd  aloud  to  arm, 

iVot  dreaming  of  approacliing  storm.  43a 

Whether  dame  Fortune,  or  the  care 

Of  angel  baa,  or  tutelar. 

Did  arm,  or  thrust  him  on  a  danger. 

To  which  he  was  an  utter  stranger, 

That  foresight  might,  or  might  not,  bloc  .13.5 

The  glory  he  had  newly  got ; 

Or  to  his  shame  it  might  be  said, 

They  took  him  napping  in  his  bed : 

To  them  we  leave  it  to  expound, 

That  deal  in  sciences  profound.  44.) 

His  courser  scarce  he  had  bestrid, 

And  Ralpho  that  on  which  he  rid, 

When  setting  ope  the  postern  gate. 

Which  they  tiiought  best  to  sally  at,* 

The  foe  app<"ar'd,  drawn  up  and  drill'd,  415 

Eeady  to  charge  them  in  the  field. 

This  somewhat  startled  the  bold  Knight, 

Surpris'd  with  th'  ime.vpected  sight:  ^ 

The  bruises  of  his  bones  and  flesh 

He  thought  began  to  smart  afresh  ;  450 

Till  recollecting  wonted  courage, 

His  fear  wag  soon  converted  to  ra^e, 

And  thua  he  spoke :  The  coward  foe, 

Whom  we  but  now  gave  quarter  to, 

Look,  yonder's  rally'd,  and  appears'  «5 

Ag  if  tliey  had  outrun  their  fears  ; 

The  glory  we  did  lately  get, 

The  Fates  command  us  to  repeat  ;* 

•  That  is,  an  adventure  of  another  kind  ;  so  Sanderson,  p.  47,  third  ser- 
mon ad  olerum.  "  If  we  he  of  the  spiritimlitv,  there  should  be  in  us  an- 
otherpates  manifesution  of  the  spirit."  The  Americans,  in  conformity  with 
a  prevailing  form,  mijfht  read  it  "another  guess." 

'  Yariation  in  editions  1674  to  1704 

To  take  the  field  and  sally  at. 

»  This  is  exactly  in  the  style  of  victorious  le.idcrs.  Thus  Hannibal  en- 
coui^ged  his  men  :  "  These  arc  the  same  Romans  whom  yci  have  boutca 
•o  often.      And  Octayius  addressed  bis  soldiers  at  Actium :  "  It  is  the  sam« 


102  HrDIBEAS.  [PAHT   I. 

And  to  their  wills  we  must  succumb, 

Quocunque  trahunt,  'tis  our  doom.  4t!0 

This  is  the  same  numeric  crew 

"Which  we  so  lately  did  subdue  ; 

The  self-same  individuals  that 

Did  run,  as  mice  do  from  a  cat, 

When  we  courageously  did  wield  485 

Our  martial  weapons  in  the  field, 

To  tug  for  victory :  and  when 

We  shall  our  shining  blades  agen 

Brandish  in  terror  o'er  our  heads, 

They  'U  straight  resume  their  wonted  dreads.         470 

Tear  is  an  ague,  that  forsakes 

And  haunts,  by  fits,  those  whom  it  takes  ; ' 

And  they'll  opine  they  feel  the  pain 

And  blows  they  felt  to-day,  again. 

Then  let  us  boldly  charge  them  home,  475 

And  make  no  doubt  to  overcome. 

This  said,  his  courage  to  inflame, 
He  call'd  upon  his  mistress'  name  ;  ^ 

His  pistol  next  he  cock'd  anew, 

And  out  his  nut-brown  whinyard  drew ;'  480 

And  placing  Ealpho  in  the  front, 

Eeserv'd  himself  to  bear  the  brunt, 

As  expert  warriors  use  ;  then  ply'd, 

With  iron  heel,  his  courser's  side. 

Conveying  sympathetic  speed  485 

From  heel  of  Knight  to  heel  of  steed. 
Meanwhile  the  foe,  with  equal  rage 

And  speed,  advancing  to  engage, 

Both  parties  now  were  drawn  so  close, 

Almost  to  come  to  handy-blows  :  493 

"VVTien  Orsin  first  let  fly  a  stone 

At  Ealpho ;  not  so  huge  a  one 

Antony  whom  you  once  drove  out  of  the  field  before  Mutina :  Be,  as  you 
h;ive  been,  coiiquerors."     And  so,  too,  Napoleon  on  several  occasions. 

'    Var      Hannts  by  turns,  in  the  editions  of  1663. 

2  A  hit  at  the  old  Romances  of  Knight-errantry.  In  like  manner  Cer- 
vantes makes  Don  Quixote  invoke  his  Dulcinea  upon  almost  every  occasion. 

-i  Whinyard  signifies  a  sword ;  it  is  chicHy  used  in  contempt  or  banter. 
Johnson  derives  it  from  whin,  furze ;  so  whinniard,  the  short  scythe  or  lE- 
itrumeut  with  which  country  people  cut  whins. 


CANTO    III.]  nUDIBHAS.  lO.i 

As  that  which  Diomed  did  maul 

^neas  on  the  bum  withal ; ' 

Yet  big  enough,  if  riglitly  hurl'd,  495 

T'  have  sent  him  to  another  world, 

Wliether  above  ground,  or  below. 

"Wliich  saints,  twice  dipt,  are  destin'd  to.' 

The  dauger  startled  tiie  bold  S(|uire, 

And  made  him  some  tew  steps  retire  ;  500 

But  Hudibras  advanc'd  to"s  aid. 

And  rous'd  his  spirits  half  dismay'd. 

He  wisely  doubting  lest  the  shot 

O'  th'  enemy,  now  growing  hot. 

Might  at  a  distance  gall,  press'd  close  50.5 

To  come,  pell-mell,  to  handy-blows. 

And  that  he  might  their  aim  decline, 

Advanc'd  still  in  an  oblique  line  ; 

But  prudently  forbore  to  fire, 

Till  breast  to  breast  he  had  got  nigher  ; '  olu 

As  ex])ert  warriors  use  to  do, 

"When  hand  to  hand  they  charge  their  foe. 

This  order  the  advent'rous  Knight, 

Most  soldier-like,  observ'd  in  figlit. 

Wlien  Fortune,  as  she's  wont,  turn'd  fickle,  .515 

And  for  the  foe  began  to  stickle. 

The  more  shame  for  her  Goodyship 

To  give  so  near  a  friend  the  slip. 

For  Colon,  choosing  out  a  stone, 

Levell'd  so  right,  it  thumjj'd  upon  520 

His  manly  paunch,  with  such  a  force. 

As  almost  beat  him  otf  his  iiorse. 

He  loos'd  his  whinyard.*  an<l  the  rein, 

But  laying  fast  iiold  on  the  mane, 

Preserv'd  his  seat:  and.  as  a  goose  525 

lu  death  contracts  his  talons  close, 

I  .Soc  Iliail  T.  .TO*.     Viriril.  .Tin.  I.  101.     .Tuvennl.  S.at.  xv.  65. 

'  Moiinin;,'  the  .\nab.iptists,  who  thought  they  obtained  a  higher  degree 
sanotificatinn  by  being  re-bapti/ei|. 

'  .Alluding  to  C'roMiwfll's  prudent  conduct  in  this  respect,  who  seldom 
•urfcred  his  soldiers  to  fire  till  they  were  near  enough  to  the  enemy  to  bo 
itjre  of  doing  execution. 

*   J'ar.    Uc  lost  his  whinvard. 


104  HUDIBEA8.  [PAKT   I 

So  did  the  Knight,  and  with  one  claw 

The  trigger  of  his  pistol  draw. 

The  gun  went  off;  and  as  it  was 

Still  fatal  to  stout  Hudibras,  63C 

In  all  his  feats  of  arms,  when  least 

He  dreamt  of  it,  to  prosper  best ; 

So  now  he  far'd :  the  shot  let  fly. 

At  random,  'mong  the  enemy. 

Pierced  Talgol's  gaberdine,'  and  grazing  535 

Upon  his  shoulder,  in  the  passing 

Lodg'd  in  Magnano's  brass  habergeon,^ 

"Who  straight,  A  surgeon !  cried— a  surgeon ! 

He  tumbled  down,  and,  as  he  feU, 

Did  murder !  murder !  murder  !  yell.  51J 

This  startled  their  whole  body  so, 

That  if  the  Knight  had  not  let  go 

His  arms,  but  been  in  warlike  plight, 

H'  had  won,  the  second  time,  the  fight ; 

As,  if  the  Squire  had  but  fall'n  on,  545 

He  had  inevitably  done. 

But  he,  diverted  with  the  care 

Of  Hudibras  his  wound,'  forbare 

To  press  th'  advantage  of  his  fortune, 

"While  danger  did  the  rest  dishearten.  550 

Tor  he  with  Cerdon  b'ing  engag'd 

In  close  encounter,  they  both  wag'd 

The  fight  so  well,  'twas  hard  to  say 

"Which  side  was  like  to  get  the  day. 

And  now  the  busy  work  of  death  553 

Had  tir'd  them  so,  they  'greed  to  breathe, 

Preparing  to  renew  the  fight, 

"When  th'  hard  disaster  of  the  knight. 

And  th'  other  party,  did  divert 

Their  fell  intent,  and  forc'd  them  part.*  560 

Ealpho  press'd  up  to  Hudibras, 

And  Cerdon  where  Magnano  was, 

'  A  coarse  robe  or  mantle ;  the  term  is  used  by  Shylock  in  the  Merchact 
of  Venice   Act  I.  so.  3.  ,,      ,  ,.,  ,  ^     . 

'  Habergeon,  a  diminutive  of  the  French  word  hauberg,  a  little  coat  of 
mail.     But  here  it  signifies  the  tinker's  budget. 

3   Var.  Hudibras,  his  hurt.     *   Var   And  force  their  sullen  rage  to  part. 


CAKTO   ni.]  HUDIBnAS. 


11)5 


Each  striving  to  confirm  his  party 
AVith  stout  encouragements  and  "hearty. 

Quoth  Ealpho,  Courage,  valiant  Sir,  6O5 

And  let  revenge  and  honour  stir 

Tour  spirits  up  ;  once  more  fall  on, 

The  shatter'd  foe  begins  to  run : 

For  if  but  half  so  well  you  knew 

To  use  your  vicfry  as  subdue,'  tiJO 

They  durst  not,  after  such  a  blow 

As  you  have  giv'n  them,  face  us  now ; 

But  from  so  formidable  a  soldier, 

Had  fled  like  crows  when  they  smell  powder.' 

Thrice  have  they  seen  your  sword  aloft  675 

"Wav'd  o'er  their  heads!  and  fled  as  oft : 

But  if  you  let  them  recollect 

Their  spirits,  now  dismay'd  and  cheek'd, 

Tou  '11  have  a  harder  game  to  play 

Than  yet  y'  have  had,  to  get  the  day.  680 

Thus  spoke  the  stout  Squire ;  but  was  heard 

By  Hudibras  with  small  regard. 

His  thoughts  were  fuller  of  the  bang 

He  lately  took,  than  Ralph's  harangue; 

To  which  he  answer'd.  Cruel  fate,  '  58$ 

Tells  me  thy  counsel  comes  too  late. 

The  clotted  blood*  within  my  hose, 

That  from  my  wounded  body  flows. 

With  mortal  crisis  doth  portend 

My  days  to  appropinque  an  end.<  690 

I  am  for  action  now  unfit, 

Either  of  fortitude  or  wit ; 

Fortune,  my  foe,  begins  to  frown, 

Eesolv'd  to  pull  my  stomach  down. 

'  This  perhaps  ha-s  some  reference  to  Prince  Rupert,  who,  at  Sfai-ston 
.Moor,  and  on  some  other  occasions,  was  successful  at  his  first  onset  bv  ehar- 

Kl  voH'  J"7sO  *"''  '"'"'"'"^"  ^^' '""  '""°  "  ?"">"'•    s^' 

History   of  Oxfordshire,  says  :     "  If  the  crows  towarrls  harvest-time   ara 
mischievous,  the  farniers  dig  holes  near  the  com,  and  fill  them  with  eind.r. 
and  giinpowder,  sticking  crow  feathers  about  them,  which  they  find  sue- 
in        f  .v    1       ,,  .    .     ,  ''''"■•     The  knotted  blood. 

On«  of  the  knight  s  hard  words,  signifying  to  approach,  or  draw  ae«t 


106 


HUDTBEAS.  fPAET   I. 


595 


605 


610 


I  am  not  apt,  upon  a  wound, 

Or  trivial  basting,  to  despond ; 

Tet  I  'd  be  loath  my  days  to  curta'l ; 

For  if  I  thought  my  wounds  not  mortal, 

Or  that  we'd  time  enough  as  yet 

To  make  an  honourable  retreat,  "CJO 

'Twere  the  best  course  ;  but  if  they  find 

"We  ily,  and  leave  our  arms  beliind 

Por  them  to  seize  on,  the  dishonour, 

And  danger  too,  is  such,  I'U  sooner 

Stand  to  it  boldly,  and  take  quarter, 

To  let  them  see  1  am  no  starter. 

In  all  the  trade  of  war  no  feat 

Is  nobler  than  a  brave  retreat : 

For  those  that  run  away,  and  fly. 

Take  place  at  least  o'  th'  enemy.' 

This  said,  the  Squire,  with  active  speed, 
Dismounted  from  his  bony  =  steed 
To  seize  the  arms,  which  by  mischance 
Fell  from  the  bold  Knight  in  a  trance. 
These  being  found  out,  and  restor'd  81^ 

To  Hudibras,  their  natural  lord, 
As  a  man  may  say ,3  with  might  and  mam, 
He  hasted  to  get  up  again.'' 

.  These  two  lines  were  not  in  the  first  editions  ^f  If  6^' .^"'^il^u" 
1674  This  same  notion  is  repeated  m  part  in.  canto  in  2"-^"-  «"' 
the  celehrated  lines  of  similar  import,  eommonly  supposed  to  be  in  Hudi- 

''"■'^^'  "  For  he  that  fights  and  runs  away 

May  live  to  fight  another  day," 

are  found  in  the  Mnsarura  Delioia;  (by  Sir  Jno.  Mennis  and  James  Smith) 
•  2mo,Toud.  1656,  and  the  type  of  them  oe^rs  in  a  mueh  endier  co^^ 
viz.    The  Apoplithegmes  of  Erasmus,  by  Nieo.  Udall,  12mo,  Lond.  1M-, 
where  they  are  thus  given : 

That  same  man  that  renneth  awaie 
Maie  again  fight,  an  other  daie. 
=  In  some  editions  it  is  bonmj,  but  I  prefer  bony,  whieh  is  the  reading  of 

'^^^nilertt  the  expletives  then  used  in  eommon  conversation,  such  as: 
and  he  said,  and  she  said,  and  so  sir,  d'ye  see,  &c.     See  Spectator,  371. 
i    i>.  The  active  Squire,  with  might  and  main, 

Preoar'd  in  haste  to  mount  again. 


:;i.KTo  ni.]  hupibhas.  107 

Thrice  he  essay 'd  to  mount  aloft  ; 
But  bv  his  woifjhtv  bum,  as  oft  goj 

He  ^Tas  pull'd  back  :  'till  having  fcund 
Th'  adva^itage  of  the  rising  ground, 
Thither  he  led  his  warlike  steed, 
And  hav-ing  plae'd  him  right,  with  speed 
Prepar'd  again  to  scale  the  beast,  623 

"When  Orsin,  who  had  newly  drest 
The  bloody  sear  upon  the  shoulder 
Of  Talgol.  with  Promethean  powder,' 
And  now  was  searching  I'or  the  shot 
That  laid  Magnano  on  "the  spot,  630 

Beheld  the  sturdy  Squire  aforesaid 
Preparing  to  cliuib  up  his  horse-side ; 
He  left  his  cure,  and  laying  hold 
Fpon  his  arms,  with  courage  bold 
Cry'd  out,  'Tis  now  no  time  to  dally, 
The  enemy  begin  to  rally : 
Let  us  that  are  unhurt  and  whole 
Fall  on,  and  happy  man  he's  dole.^ 
This  said,  like  to  a  thunderbolt, 
He  flew  with  fury  to  th'  assault, 
Striving  the  enemy  to  attack 
Before  he  reach'd'his  horse's  back. 
Ealpho  was  mounted  now,  and  gotten 
O'erthwart  his  beast  with  active  vau'tiug, 
Wriggling  his  body  to  recover  °'  615 

His  seat,  and  cast  his  right  leg  over ; 
AVTien  Orsin,  rushing  in,  bestow'd 
On  horse  and  man  so  heavy  a,  load, 
Tlie  beast  was  startled,  and  begun 
To  kick  and  fling  like  mad,  and  run,  660 

Bearing  the  tough  S(]uirc,  like  a  sack. 
Or  stout  king  Eichard,  on  his  back  ;' 

'  See  canto  ii.  ver.  225.— Prometheus  boa.st.s  espenallv  of  eommiinicatinf 
to  mankind  the  knowledge  of  medicines.  iKschyli  I'rom'oth.  Vinct.  v.  491  " 

-  A  common   snyinp,  repeatedly  occurrinp  in  Shakspearc  and  tiie  old 
p.wts   equival.nt  to,-"  if  ay  it  be  his  iot  (dole)  to  Iw  a  liappv  man  !  " 

.\rter  the  battle  of  licwworth  Field,  where  Richard  1 11.  Yell,  his  body 
was  stripped,  and,  in  an  ic^iominions  manner,  lajd  aercvs,s  a  hoi-se's  back  like 
a  .slaughtered  deer ;  his  head  and  arms  hanging  m  one  side,  and  his  Ices  ot 
Ihc  other,  besmeared  with  blood  and  dirt. 


035 


64J 


lOS  HUDIBEAS.  frABT   I. 

'Till  stumbling,  he  threw  hin  dowii,' 

Sore  bruis'd,  and  cast  into  a  swoon. 

Meanwhile  the  Knight  began  to  rouse  955 

The  sparkles  of  his  wonted  prowess  ; 

He  thrust  his  hand  into  his  hose, 

And  found,  both  by  his  eyes  and  nose, 

'Twas  only  choler,^  and  not  blood, 

That  from  his  wounded  body  ilow'd.  660 

This,  with  the  hazard  of  the  Squire, 

Inflain'd  him  with  despightful  ire  ; 

Courageously  he  fac'd  about, 

And  drew  his  other  pistol  out. 

And  now  had  half-way  bent  the  cock,  666 

When  Cerdon  gave  so  fierce  a  shock, 

"With  sturdy  truncheon,  'thwart  his  arm. 

That  down  "it  fell,  and  did  no  harm  : 

Then  stoutly  pressing  on  with  speed, 

Essay'd  to  pull  him  off  his  steed.  670 

The  Knight  his  sword  had  only  left. 

With  which  he  Cerdon's  head  had  cleft, 

Or  at  the  least  crept  off  a  limb, 

But  Orsin  came  and  rescu'd  him. 

He  with  his  lance  attack'd  the  Knight  675 

Upon  his  quarters  opposite. 

But  as  a  bark,  that  in  foul  weather, 

Toss'd  by  two  adverse  winds  together, 

Is  bruis'd  and  beaten  to  and  fro. 

And  knows  not  which  to  turn  him  to :  680 

So  far'd  the  Knight  between  two  foes, 

And  knew  not  which  of  them  t'  oppose ; 

'TUl  Orsin  charging  with  his  lance 

At  Hudibras,  by  spightful  chance 

Hit  Cerdon  such  a  bang,  as  stunn'd  685 

And  laid  him  flat  upon  the  ground. 

At  this  the  Knight  began  to  cheer  up, 

And  raising  up  himself  on  stirrup, 

Cry'd  out,  Victoria !  lie  thou  there. 

And  I  shall  straight  dispatch  another,  690 

•  We  must  here  read  stumble-ing,  to  make  three  syllables. 
'  The  delicate  reader  will  easUy  guess  what  is  here  intended  by  the  ^orj 
sboler. 


605 


703 


CANTO   III.]  HUDIBKAS.  109 

To  bear  tliee  company  in  death  : 

But  Krst  I'll  halt  awhile,  and  breathe. 

As  well  be  might ;  for  Orsin  griev'd 

At  th'  wound  that  Cerdon  had  receiv'd, 

Ban  to  relieve  him  with  bis  lore. 

And  cure  the  hurt  be  made  before. 

Meanwhile  the  Knight  bad  wheel'd  about, 

lo  breathe  himself,  and  next  find  out 

Th'  advantage  of  the  ground,  where  best 

lie  might  the  ruffled  foe  infest. 

This  b'iug  resolv'd,  he  spurr'd  his  steed, 

To  run  at  Orsin  with  full  speed, 

A^Hiile  be  was  busy  in  the  care 

Of  Cerdon's  wound,  and  unaware  : 

But  he  was  quick,  and  had  already  70g 

Unto  the  part  apply'd  remedy  ; 

And  seeing  th'  enemy  prepar'd, 

Drew  up,  and  stood  iipon  bis  guard : 

Then,  like  a  warrior,  right  expert 

And  skilful  in  the  martial  art. 

The  subtle  Knight  straight  made  a  bait, 

And  judg'd  it  best  to  stay  th'  assault. 

Until  he  had  reliev'd  the"Squire, 

And  then,  in  order,  to  retire  ; 

Or,  as  occasion  should  invite, 

"With  forces  join'd  renew  the  fight. 

Ealpho,  by  this  time  disentranc'd 

Upon  his  bum  himself  advanc'd. 

Though  sorely  bruis'd  ;  his  limb's  all  o'er, 

With  ruthless  hanps  were  stifi'  and  sore ; '  730 

Eight  fain  he  would  have  got  upon 

His  feet  again,  to  get  him  gone ; 

When  Hudibras  to  aid  him  came. 

Quoth  he,  and  call'd  him  by  bis  name,' 
Courage,  the  day  at  length  is" ours, 
And  we  once  more  as  conquerors. 
Have  both  the  field  and  honour  won, 
The  foe  is  profligate,^  and  run ; 
'  A  parody  on  a  phrase  continually  recurring  in  Homer 
•  Th»t  IS,  routed :  from  the  Latin,  profligo,  to  put  to  flight 


710 


715 


7SI 


110  HUDIBUAS.  [part  I. 

I  mean  all  such  as  can,  for  some 

This  hand  hath  sent  to  their  long  home ;  73J 

And  some  Lie  sprawling  on  the  ground, 

With  many  a  gash  and  bloody  wound. 

Caesar  himself  could  never  say, 

He  got  two  vict'ries  in  a  day, 

As  I  have  done,  that  can  say,  twice  I,  735 

In  one  day.  Vent,  vidi,  vici.^ 

The  foe's  so  numerous,  that  we 

Cannot  so  often  vincere^ 

And  they  perire,  and  yet  enow 

Be  left  to  strike  an  after-blow.  74 1 

Then,  lest  they  rally,  and  once  more 

Put  us  to  fight  the  bus'ness  o'er, 

Get  up,  and  mount  thy  steed  ;  dispatch. 

And  let  us  both  their  motions  watch. 

Quoth  Ralph,  I  should  not,  if  I  were  745 

In  case  for  action,  now  be  here ; 
Nor  have  I  turn'd  my  back,  or  hang'd 
An  arse,  for  fear  of  being  bang'd. 
It  was  for  you  I  got  these  harms, 
Advent'ring  to  fetch  off  your  arms.  750 

The  blows  and  drubs  I  have  receiv'd 
Have  bruis'd  my  body,  and  bereav'd 
My  limbs  of  strength  :  unless  you  stoop. 
And  reach  your  hand  to  pull  me  uj), 
I  shall  lie  here,  and  be  a  prey  765 

To  those  who  now  are  run  away. 

That  thou  shalt  not,  quoth  Hudibras : 
We  read,  the  ancients  held  it  was 
More  honourable  far  servare 

Civem,  than  slay  an  adversary  ;  760 

The  one  we  oft  to-day  have  done, 
The  other  shall  dispatch  anon : 

•  I  came,  I  saw,  I  overcame :  the  words  in  which  Csesar  announced  to 
the  Senate  his  victory  over  Pharnaces.  In  his  consequent  triumph  atRomo 
they  were  inscribed  on  a  tablet,  and  carried  before  liim. 

''  A.  great  general,  being  informed  that  his  enemies  were  very  nuracreus, 
replied,  then  there  are  en.^'igh  to  be  killed,  enough  to  be  taken  prisoners, 
and  enough  to  run  away. 


CANTO    in.]  HFDTBBA9. 


Ill 


And  tluV  th'  art  of  a  difTrent  church, 

I  \yill  not  leave  thee  in  the  lurch.' 

This  said,  he  joRir'd  his  ijood  steed  niijher,  706 

And  steer'd  hini  gently  toward  the  Sc'juire' ; 

Then  bowinii;  down  his  bodv,  stretch'd 

His  hand  out,  and  at  Ealplio  reach'd  ; 

"When  Trulla.  whom  he  did  not  mind,' 

Charui'd  iiim  like  lii^ditnins:  behind.     '  770 

She  had  been  Ions;  in  seareh  about 

Maguano's  wound,  to  find  it  out ; 

But  could  find  none,  nor  where  the  shot 

Tliat  had  so  startled  him  was  got : 

But  having  found  the  worst  was  past  773 

She  fell  to  her  own  work  at  last, 

The  pillage  of  the  prisoners. 

Which  in  all  feats  of  arms  was  hers  : 

And  now  to  plunder  Kalph  she  ilevv, 

When  Hudibras  his  hard  fate  drew  78o 

To  succour  him  ;  for.  as  he  bow'd 

To  hel])  him  up,  she  laid  a  load 

Of  blows  so  heavy,  and  plac'd  so  well, 

On  th'  other  side",  that  down  he  fell. 

Yield,  scoundrel,  base,  quoth  she,  or  die,  785 

Thy  life  is  mine,  and  liberty  : 
But  if  thou  think'st  I  took  "thee  tardv. 
And  dar'st  presume  to  be  so  hardy. 
To  try  thy  fortune  o'er  afresh, 

I'll  wave  "my  title  to  thy  flesh,'  790 

Thy  arms  and  baggage,  now  my  right :  ' 
And  if  thou  liast  the  heart  to  try't", 
I'll  lend  thee  back  thyself  awhile, 
And  once  more,  for  that  carcase  vile 
Fight  upon  tick.— Quoth  Iludibras,'  795 

Thou  offer'st  nobly,  valiant  lass, 
And  I  shall  take  thee  at  thy  word. 
First  let  me  rise,  and  take  mv  sword ; 

tJ.  V^i'  "  "  'TV^  the  Tmlopcndents  who,  whon  thoy  pot  possession  of 
Oie  govornmcnt  deserted  their  old  alUes,  the  Presbyterians,  and  treated 
tliem  with  great  hauteur. 

'  The  application  of  the  "law  of  arms,"  as  expounded  in  the  aid  ro- 
ciances,  t<  thu  case,  is  exquisitely  ludicroua. 


IV2  HTJDIBEAS.  [PAHT   I. 

That  sword,  which  has  so  oft  this  day 

Through  squadrons  of  my  foes  made  way,  800 

And  some  to  other  worlds  dispatch'd, 

Now  with  a  feeble  spinster  match'd, 

Will  blush  with  blood  ignoble  stain'd, 

By  which  no  honour's  to  be  gain'd. 

But  if  thou'lt  take  m'  advice  in  this,  805 

Consider,  while  thou  may'st,  what  'tis 

To  interrupt  a  victor's  course, 

B'  opposing  such  a  trivial  force. 

For  if  with  conquest  I  come  off. 

And  that  I  shall  do  sure  enough,  810 

Quarter  thou  canst  not  have,  nor  grace,' 

By  law  of  arms,  in  such  a  case  ; 

Both  which  I  now  do  offer  freely. 

I  scorn,  quoth  she,  thou  coxcomb  silly, 

Clapping  her  hand  upon  her  breech,  815 

To  show  how  much  she  priz'd  his  speech, 

Quarter  or  counsel  from  a  foe  : 

If  thou  canst  force  me  to  it,  do. 

But  lest  it  should  again  be  said. 

When  I  have  once  more  won  thy  head,  820 

I  took  thee  napping,  unprepar'd. 

Arm,  and  betake  thee  to  thy  guard. 
This  said,  she  to  her  tackle  fell, 

And  on  the  Knight  let  fall  a  peal 

Of  blows  so  fierce,  and  prest  so  home,  825 

That  he  retir'd,  and  foUow'd  's  bum. 

Stand  to't,  quoth  she,  or  yield  to  mercy, 

It  is  not  fighting  arsie-versie  ^ 

<  L'Estrange  records  a  parallel  to  this  at  the  siege  of  Pontefraet.  An 
officer  haviDg  had  his  horse  shot  under  him,  saw  two  or  three  common 
soldiers  with  their  muskets  over  him  as  he  lay  on  the  ground,  ready  to  beat 
out  his  brains ;  the  officer,  with  great  presence  of  mind,  told  them  to  strike 
at  their  peril,  for  if  they  did,  he  swore  a  great  oath  he  would  not  give 
quarter  to  a  man  of  them.  This  so  surprised  them  that  they  hesitated  lor 
an  instant,  during  which  the  officer  got  up  and  made  his  escape. 

-  That  is,  wrong  end  uppermost,  or  b e  foremost.     So  Kay,  quoting 

Ben  Jonson,  has : — 

Passion  of  me,  was  ever  man  thus  cross' d  ? 
All  things  run  arsi-vearsi,  upside  down. 

See  Handbook  of  Proverbs,  E   148. 


ssc 


840 


8M 


CA>TO    III.]  HrDlBHA3.  115 

Shall  serve  thy  turn.— This  stirr'd  his  spleen 

More  tlian  the  danger  he  was  in,  830 

The  blows  he  felt,  or  was  to  feel. 

Although  th'  already  made  him  reel. 

Honour,  despight,  revenge,  and  shame, 

At  once  into  his  stomach  came  ; 

Which  fir'd  it  so,  lie  rais'd  his  arm 

Above  his  head,  and  raiu'd  a  storm 

Of  blows  so  terrible  and  thick. 

As  if  he  meant  to  hash  her  quick. 

But  she  upon  her  truncheon  took  them. 

And  by  oblique  diversion  broke  them  ; 

Waiting  an  opportunity 

To  pay  all  back  with  usury, 

Which  long  she  fail'd  not  "of ;  for  now 

The  Knight,  with  one  dead-doing  blow, 

Resolving  to  decide  the  fight, 

And  she  with  quick  and  cunning  slight 

Avoiding  it,  the  force  and  weight 

He  eharg'd  upon  it  was  so  great. 

As  almost  sway'd  him  to  the  ground : 

No  sooner  she  th'  advantage  found, 

But  in  she  flew ;  and  seconding. 

With  home-made  thrust,  the  heary  swing. 

She  laid  him  flat  upon  his  side. 

And  mounting  on  his  trunk  astride. 

Quoth  she,  I  told  thee  what  would  come 

Of  all  thy  vapouring,  base  scum. 

Say,  will  the  law  of  arms  allow  ' 

I  may  have  grace,  and  quarter  now  ? 

Or  wilt  thou  rather  break  thy  word. 

And  stain  thine  honour,  than  thy  sword?  660 

A  man  of  war  to  damn  liis  soul, 

In  basely  breaking  his  parole. 

'  Instead  of  this  and  the  nine  following  Unes  (8S7  to  866),  theie  faw 
Hood  in  the  tno  first  editions  of  166.3.  ^  '''  °" 

Shall  I  have  quarter  now,  you  ruffin  ? 
Or  wilt  thou  he  worse  than  thy  huffing  ? 
Thou  .said'st  th'  wouldst  kill  mr,  marry  wouldst  thou : 
Why  dobt  thou  not,  thou  Jack-a-nods  thou ? 
I 


esj 


IM 


870 


878 


HUDIBBAS.  [past   I. 

And  wten  before  the  fight,  th'  hadst  vow'd 

To  give  no  quarter  in  cold  blood ; 

Now  thou  hast  got  me  for  a  Tartar,'  8«5 

To  make  m'  against  my  will  take  quarter ; 

Why  dost  not  put  me  to  the  sword, 

But  cowardly  fly  from  thy  word  ? 

Quoth  Hudibras,  The  day  's  thine  own  ; 
Thou  and  thy  stars  have  cast  me  down : 
My  laurels  are  transplanted  now, 
And  flourish  on  thy  conqu'ring  brow : 
My  loss  of  honour  's  great  enough. 
Thou  need'st  not  brand  it  with  a  scoff: 
Sarcasms  may  eclipse  thine  own, 
But  cannot  blur  my  lost  renown : 
I  am  not  now  in  fortune's  power, 

He  that  is  down  can  fall  no  lower .^ 

The  ancient  heroes  were  illustr'ous 

For  being  benign,  and  not  blust'rous  880 

Against  a  vanquish'd  foe  :  their  swords 

Where  sharp  and  trenchant,  not  their  words ; 

And  did  in  fight  but  cut  work  out 

T'  employ  their  courtesies  about.* 

Quoth  she,  Altbo'  thou  hast  deserv'd,  886 

Base  SlubberdegulUon,^  to  be  serv'd 

As  thou  didst  vow  to  deal  with  me, 

If  thou  hadst  got  the  victory  ; 

Yet  I  should  rather  act  a  part 

That  suits  my  fame,  than  thy  desert.  890 

1  The  Tartars  (says  Purchas,  in  his  Pilgrimes,  p.  478)  would  rather  die 
than  yield,  whict  makes  them  fight  with  desperate  energy ;  whence  the 
proverb.  Thou  hast  caught  a  Tartar.-A  man  catches  a  Tartar  when  he 
fnlls  into  his  own  trap,  or  having  a  design  upon  another,  is  caught  himself. 
"Help,  help,  cries  one,  I  have  caught  a  Tartar.  Bring  him  along  an- 
Ewersliis  comrade.  He  will  not  come,  says  he.  Then  come  without  him, 
quoth  the  other.     But  he  will  not  let  me,  says  the  Tartar-catcher. 

2  A  literal  translation  of  the  proverb  ;  Qui  jacet  in  terra  non  habet  undo 

'^''•^See  Cleveland,  in  his  letter  to  the  Protector.  "  The  most  renowned 
ieroes  have  ever  with  such  tenderness  cherished  their  captives,  that  their 
Bwords  did  but  cut  out  work  for  their  courtesies."  , 

t  That  is,  a  drivelling  fool :  to  slubber,  in  British,  is  to  dnvel ;  ano  gul,  or 
its  diminutive  guUion,  a  fool,  or  person  easily  imposed  upon.  Ihe  word 
V  "ised  by  Taylor  the  Water  Poet,  in  his  "  Laugh  and  grow  tat. 


CAITTO   in]  HUDIBRAS. 


lid 


6»5 


900 


908 


910 


Thy  arniB,  tby  liberty,  beside 

All  that's  on  th'  outside  of  thy  hide 

Are  mine  by  military  Ia^y,l  ' 

Of  which  I  will  not  bate  one  straw ; 

The  rest,  thy  life  and  limbs,  once  more, 

Though  doubly  forfeit,  I  restore. 
Quoth  Hudibras,  It  is  too  late 

For  me  to  treat  or  stipulate  ; 

What  thou  command'st  I  must  obey  j 

Tet  those  whom  I  expugn'd  to-day, 

Of  thine  own  party,  I  let  go, 

And  gave  them  life  and  freedom  too. 

Both  dogs  and  bear,  upon  their  parol, 

Whom  I  took  pris'ners  in  this  quarrel 
Quoth  Trulla,  A\Tiether  thou  or  they 

Let  one  another  run  away, 

Concerns  not  nie ;  but  was't  not  thou 

That  gave  Crowdero  quarter  too  ? 

Crowdero.  whom  in  irons  bound. 

Thou  basely  threw'st  into  Lob's  pound,' 
Where  still  he  lies,  and  with  regret 
His  generous  bowels  rage  and  fret : 
But  now  thy  carcase  shall  redeem. 
And  serve  to  be  exchang'd  far  him. 

This  said,  the  Knight  did  straight  submit,  915 

And  laid  his  weapons  at  her  feet : 
Nest  he  disrob'd  his  gaberdine, 
And  with  it  did  himself  resign. 
She  took  it,  and  forthwith  divesting 
The  mantle  that  she  wore,  said,  jesting,  920 

Take  that,  and  wear  it  for  my  sake ; 
Then  threw  it  o'er  his  sturdy  back  ' 

thlt  Wl'',"„''Iif  ''""''  *,"  '',?"«•  Pi«o*«»'  '>"k™  «""»"■•.  "  other  furnit.oe 
of ,  J  L  K  ?  ^T\"fc  ^^^'  l*"  eomhatante  entered  the  lisU,  were  the  fee. 
of  the  marshal ;  hut  the  rest  beoame  the  property  of  the  victor 

Nfa.«,nBer  8  Duke  of  .Mitan,  III.  2.-Dr  Grey  mentions  a  story  of  Mr  Loh 
;  l^^'h^  '."""^  "•* .'''T''"*T'  "'"'•  *'"'"  "'"■•  ""'•'"''?»  "'•re prohihite,i; 
Z  a  nMl.r  ''''r-""V"  '"M'»'P"-  "'■''■•>  ''■'i  ""•""Cb  many  darL  windi,,,.; 
into  a  cellar,     n,.  adv.rsanes  once  pursued  him  into  thcsi   recesses,  an! 

LTs      ^      "  P"T'"">>  o""  °f  "«"»  '"■J  tliat  they  had  got  inu 


116 


HTTDIBEAS.  [FABT   U 

And  as  the  Frencli,  we  conquer'd  once, 

Now  give  us  laws  for  pantaloons, 

The  length  of  breeches,  aud  the  gathers, 

Port-cannons,  perriwigs,  aud  feathers, 

Just  so  the  proud,  insulting  lass 

Array'd  and  dighted  Hudibras.^ 

Meanwhile  the  other  champions,  yerst 

In  hurry  of  the  fight  disperst, 

Arriv'd,  when  TruUa'd  won  the  day, 

To  share  in  th'  honour  and  the  prey, 

And  out  of  Hudibras  his  hide, 

With  vengeance  to  be  satisfy'd  ; 

■\\niich  now  they  were  about  to  pour 

Upon  him  in  a  wooden  show'r : 

But  Trulla  thrust  herself  between, 

And  striding  o'er  his  back  agen, 

She  brandish'd  o'er  her  head  his  sword 

And  vow'd  they  should  not  break  her  word ; 

Sh'  had  given  him  quarter,  aud  her  blood, 

Or  theirs,  should  make  that  quarter  good. 

For  she  was  bound,  by  law  of  arms. 

To  see  him  safe  from  further  harms. 

In  dungeon  deep  Crowdero  cast 

By  Hudibras,  as  yet  lay  fast. 

Where  to  the  hard  and  ruthless  stones. 

His  great  heart  made  perpetual  moans ; 

1  We  seem  at  no  time  to  have  been  averse  to  the  French  fasliions  hut 
thev  were  qute  the  rage  after  the  Restoration.  Pantaloons  were  then  a  k,„d 
olo^e  breeches,  commonly  made  of  silk,  and  pufted,  which  covered  the 
w'  thisrh-<  and  part  of  the'  body.  They  are  represented  m  some  ot  y.n- 
d4;'s  m  tmes  'port-cannons  were  streamers  of  nbands  which  hung  frcn 
tie  kne^os  f  the  short  breeches ;  they  had  grown  to  such  excess  m  France 
that  MoU^  ^  was  thought  to  have  done  good  service  by  laughing  them  out 
rf  fasWon  POTi^vigs  were  brought  from  France  m  the  reign  of  Elizabeth 
but  were  not  much  used  till  after  the  Restoration.  At  first  they  were  of 
various  coWur"  to  suit  the  complexion,  and  of  immense  s,zc  m  l^-'ge  flowuig 
cur  s  as  we  se<^  on  monuments  in  Westminster  Abbey  and  ,n  "^  Porba  ts^ 
Lord  Bolhilbroke  is  said  to  be  the  first  who  tied  them  "P '"  .l"":^,  ■  ^J^^* 
was  esteemed  so  great  an  undress,  that  when  his  lordship  firs  went  to  cou 
Ta  w  gTf  this  fihion  Queen  Anne  was  offended,  and  said  to  those  about 
tei    "This  man  will  come  to  me  next  court-day  in  hui  mght-cap. 

'  Dighted,  from  the  Anglo-Saxon  dihtan,  to  dress,  fit  out. 

•  Yerat,  or  erst,  means  first. 


92S 


930 


&35 


94C 


945 


CANTO   III.]  HUDIBHA8.  117 

Him  she  resolved  that  Hudibras 

Should  ransom,  and  supply  hre  place.  *6n 

This  stopp'd  their  fury,  and  the  bastin"' 
Which  toward  Hudibras  was  hasting.       ° 
They  thought  it  was  but  just  and  right, 
Tliat  what  she  had  aohiev'd  in  fight, 
She  should  dispose  of  how  she  pleas'd  ; 
Crowdero  ought  to  be  releas'd : 
Nor  could  that  any  way  be  done 
So  well,  as  this  she  pitcli'd  upon  : 
For  who  a  better  could  imagine  ? 
This  therefore  they  resolv'd  f  engage  in. 
The  Knight  and  Squire  first  they  made 
Kise  from  the  ground  where  tliey  were  laid 
Then  mounted  both  upon  their  horses, 
But  witli  their  faces  to  the  arses. 
Orsin  led  Hudibras'g  beast. 
And  Talgol  that  which  Kalpho  prest ; 
^\'hom  stout  Magnano,  valiant  Cerdon 
And  Colon,  waited  as  a  guard  on ; 
All  ush'ring  Trulla,  in  the  rear, 
With  th'  arms  of  either  prisoner. 
In  this  proud  order  and  array. 
They  put  themselves  upon  their  way. 
Striving  to  reach  th'  enchanted  Castle, 
Where  stout  Crowdero  in  durance  lay'  still. 
Thither  with  greater  speed  than  shows, 
And  triumph  over  conquer'd  foes. 
Do  use  t'  allow ;  or  than  the  bears. 
Or  pageants  borne  before  lord-ni.ay'ors,' 
Are  wont  to  use,  they  soon  arriv'd, 
In  order,  soldier-like  contriv'd  : 
Still  marching  in  a  warlike  posture, 
-Vs  fit  for  battle  as  for  muster. 
The^  Knight  and  Squire  they  first  unhorse 
And,  bending  "gainst  the  fort  their  force, 
They  all  advanc'd,  and  round  about 
Begirt  the  magical  redoubt. 

.f!  ^  '^J'''i!!-.*'..'i'*  Iord-mayor'9  show  bears  were  led  in  procowioL   arJ 
tfterwardi  baited  for  the  direniion  of  the  populace.-A'wA.  ^       •"""'  *"^ 


'..1 .55 


flfiO 


96a 


9*0 


98(1 


083 


118 


HFBIBRAS.  [PABT   I 


990 


993 


Magnan'  led  up  in  this  adventvire, 

And  made  way  for  the  rest  to  enter : 

Por  he  was  skilful  in  black  art,' 

No  less  than  he  that  built  the  fort, 

And  with  an  iron  mace  laid  flat 

A  breach,  which  straight  all  enter' d  at, 

And  in  the  wooden  dungeon  found 

Crowdero  laid  upon  the  ground : 

Him  they  release  from  durance  base, 

Eestored  t'  his  fiddle  and  his  case. 

And  liberty,  his  thirsty  rage 

"With  luscious  veng'ance  to  assuage  ; 

Por  he  no  sooner  was  at  large. 

But  Trulla  straight  brought  on  the  charge,  1000 

And  in  the  self-same  limbo  put 

The  Knight  and  Squire,  where  he  was  shut ; 

Wbere  leaving  them  i'  th'  Yirretched  hole,* 

Their  bangs  and  durance  to  condole, 

Confin'd  and  conjur'd  into  narrow 

Enchanted  mansion,  to  know  sorrow. 

In  the  same  order  and  array 

"Which  they  advanc'd,  they  march'd  away  : 

But  Hudibras,  who  scorn' d  to  stoop 

To  fortune,  or  be  said  to  droop. 

Cheer' d  up  himself  with  ends  of  verse. 

And  sayings  of  philosophers. 

Quoth  he,  Th'  one  half  of  man,  his  mmd. 
Is,  sui  juris,  unconfined,^ 

And  cannot  be  laid  by  the  heels,  loi» 

"Whate'er  the  other  moiety  feels. 
1  Meamn?  the  tinker  Mapnano.  See  Canto  ii.  1.  33G. 
".  In  the  e'^dition  of  1704  it  is  printed  i„HoMj  hole,^  ?"°  rn ',  vf';? 
where  their  hocks  or  ankles  were  confined.  Hock  ey  Hole,  or  Hocklcw 
Tv  Hole,  was  the  name  of  a  place  near  Clerkenwell  Green,  resorted  to  for 
vulgar  diversions.  There  is  an  old  ballad  entitled^'  Hockley  I'tlj^  h»k.  «" 
tlip  tune  of  the  Fiddler  in  the  Stocks."     See  Old  Ballads,  vol.  i.  p.  294. 

?  Keferringto  that  distinction  in  the  civil  law  which  separates  the  juns- 
diction  over  L  body  from  that  over  the  mind;  (see  Justm.ans  Institutes 
I II  tit  8)-and  perhaps  to  Spinoza,  who  says  that  " knowledge  makes 
u  free  by  destroying  the  dominion  of  the  passions  and  the  power  of 
external  things  over  ourselves.-  In  the  succeeding  lines  the  author  show, 
his  learning,  ly  bantering  the  stoic  philosophy ;  and  his  wit,  by  companng 
Alexander  the  Great  with  Diogenes. 


1005 


1010 


CAKTO    III.]  RUS1BRA8.  119 

'Tis  not  restraint,  or  liberty, 

That  makes  men  prisoners  or  free ; 

But  perturbations  that  possess 

The  mind,  or  equanimities.  1030 

The  whole  world  was  not  half  so  wide 

To  Alexander,  when  he  cry'd, 

Because  he  had  but  one  to  subdue,' 

As  was  a  paltry  narrow  tub  to 

Diogenes  :  who  is  not  said,  lu-J6 

For  aught  that  ever  I  could  read. 

To  whine,  put  finger  i'  th'  eye,  and  sob, 

Because  h'  had  ne'er  another  tub. 

The  ancients  make  two  sev'ral  kinds 

Of  prowess  in  heroic  minds,  1030 

The  active  and  the  passive  valiant, 

Both  which  are  pari  libra  gallant ; 

For  both  to  give  blows,  and  to  carry. 

In  fights  are  equi-necessary  : 

But  in  defeats,  the  passive  stout  1035 

Are  always  found  to  stand  it  out 

Most  desp'rately,  and  to  out-do 

The  active,  'gainst  a  conqu'ring  foe : 

Tho'  we  with  blacks  and  blues  are  suggil'd,' 

Or,  as  the  vulgar  say,  are  cudgel'd ;  loio 

He  that  is  valiant,  and  dares  tight, 

Though  drubb'd,  can  lose  no  honour  by't. 

Honour's  a  lease  for  lives  to  come, 

And  cannot  be  extended  from 

The  legal  tenant :   'tis  a  chattel  1015 

Not  to  be  forfeited  in  battel. 

If  he  that  in  the  field  is  slain. 

Be  in  the  bed  of  honour  lain,' 

He  that  is  beaten  may  be  said 

To  lie  in  honour's  truckle-bed.*  1060 


'  See  Juven.  Sat.  x.  168;  xir.  308. 

•  Beaten  black  and  blue ;  from  the  I^tin  tuggittare. 

'  "The  bed  of  honour,"  says  Farquhar  (in  the  Recruitin"  Officer),  "ij 
■  mighty  larjre  bed.  Ten  thousand  people  may  lie  in  it  togemcr  and  never 
feel  one  another." 

•  The  truckle-bed  is  a  small  bed  upon  wheels,  which  goes  under  tlif 
Urger  one.     The  pun  i»  upon  the  word  "  truckle." 


120  HUDIBEAS.  fPAKT   I. 

For  as  we  see  tli'  eclipsed  sun 

By  mortals  is  more  gaz'd  upon 

Than  when,  adorn'd  with  all  his  light, 

He  shines  in  serene  sky  most  bright ; 

So  valour,  in  a  low  estate,  1056 

Is  most  admir'd  and  wonder'd  at. 

Quoth  Ealph,  How  great  I  do  not  know 
We  may,  by  being  beaten,  grow ; 
But  none  that  see  how  here  we  sit, 
Will  judge  us  overgrown  with  wit.  1080 

As  gifted  brethren,  preaching  by 
A  carnal  hour-glass,"  do  imply 
Illumination,  can  convey 
Into  them  what  they  have  to  say. 
But  not  how  much  ;  so  well  enough  1066 

Know  you  to  charge,  but  not  draw  oif. 
Per  who,  without  a  cap  and  bauble,* 
Having  subdu'd  a  bear  and  rabble. 
And  might  with  honour  have  come  off, 
Would  put  it  to  a  second  proof:  1070 

A  politic  exploit,  right  fit 
'For  Presbyterian  zeal  aud  wit.^ 

Quoth  Hudibras,  Tliat  cuckoo's  tone, 
Ralpho,  thou  always  harp'st  upon  ; 
When  thou  at  anything  would'st  rail,  1075 

Thou  mak'st  presbytery  thy  scale 

'  In  those  days  there  was  always  an  hour-glass  placed  conspicuously  on 
nr  near  the  pulpit,  in  an  iron  frame,  which  was  set  immediately  after  giving 
nut  the  text.  An  hour,  or  the  sand  run  out,  was  considered  the  legitimate 
length  of  a  sermon.  This  preaching  by  the  hour  gave  rise  to  an  abundance 
iif  jokes,  of  which  the  following  are  examples :  "  A  tedious  spin-text  having 
tired  out  his  congregation  by  a  sermon  which  had  lasted  through  one  turn 
of  his  glass  and  three  parts  of  the  second,  without  any  prospect  of  its 
coming  to  a  close,  was,  out  of  compassion  to  the  yawning  auditory,  greeted 
with  this  short  hint  by  the  sexton,  '  Pray,  Sir,  be  pleased,  when  you  have 
done,  to  leave  the  key  under  the  door ; '  and  thereupon  departing,  the  congre- 
gation followed  him."  Another  :  A  punning  preacher,  having  talked  a  full 
hour,  turned  his  hour-glass,  and  said  :  "  Come,  ray  friends,  let  us  take  an- 
other glass.**  -  Who  but  one  who  deserves  a  foors  cap. 

^  Ralpho,  being  chagrined  by  his  situation,  not  only  blames  the  roiscon- 
duct  of  the  Knight,  which  had  brought  them  into  the  scrape,  but  sneers  at 
him  for  his  religious  principles.  The  Independents,  at  one  time,  were  u 
inveterate  against  the  Presbyterians  as  bcth  Wei's  against  the  Church. 


CASrO   in.]  HUDIBRAS.  121 

To  take  the  height  on't,  and  explain 

To  what  degree  it  is  profane : 

^V^lat8'eve^  will  not  with  thy— what  d'ye  call 

Thy  light — ^jiinip  right,  thou  call'st  synodifal.        logo 

As  if  presbytery  were  a  standard 

To  size  whats'ever's  to  be  slander'd. 

Dost  not  remember  how  this  day 

Thou  to  my  beard  was  bold  to  say, 

That  thou  could'st  prove  bear-baiting  equal  ingj 

With  sjTiods,  orthodoi  and  legal  ? 

Do,  if  thou  can'st,  for  I  deny't, 

And  dare  thee  to't  with  all  thy  light.' 

Quoth  Ealpho,  Truly  that  is  no 
Hard  matter  for  a  man  to  do,  1080 

That  has  but  any  guts  in's  brains, ' 
And  could  believe  it  worth  his  pains ; 
But  since  you  dare  and  urge  me  to  it, 
You'll  find  I've  light  enough  to  do  it. 

Synods  are  mystical  bear-gardens,  injig 

"Where  elders,  deputies,  church-wardens, 
And  other  members  of  the  court, 
Manage  the  Babylonish  sport. 
For  prolocutor,  scribe,  and  bearward. 
Do  differ  only  in  a  mere  word.  Hoo 

Both  are  but  sev'ral  synagogues 
Of  carnal  men,  and  bears,  and  dogs  : 
Both  antichristian  assemblies. 
To  mischief  bent,  as  far's  in  them  lies  : 
Both  stave  and  tail  with  fierce  contests,  11.5 

The  one  with  men,  the  other  beasts. 
The  diff'reuce  is,  the  one  fights  with 
The  tongue,  the  other  with  the  teeth  ; 
And  that  they  bait  but  bears  in  this. 
In  th'  other  souls  and  consciences  ;  1  n,i 

'  The  Indepondcnts  were  frrcat  pretenders  to  inward  light,  f„r  such  they 
Msumed  to  he  the  light  of  the  spirit.  They  supposed  that  all  their  ac- 
tions, u  well  as  their  prayers  and  preachings,  were  iinniediatuly  directed 
o\  It.  ^ 

*A  '^"'■J''*'  f^pression  for  one  who  has  some  share  of  common  sense  • 
«wd  by  Sancho  Panc.'a  to  Don  Quixote  (Gayton's  Translation)  upon  his  mis. 
taking  the  barber's  baoon  for  1  helmet.  See  Ray,  in  Handbook  of  Prft. 
Verbs,  p.  163. 


J22  HTJDIBRAS.  [part   1 

Where  saints  themselves  are  brought  to  stake  ' 

For  gospel-light,  and  conscience-sake  ; 

Expos'd  to  scribes  and  presbyters, 

Instead  of  mastiff  dogs  and  curs  ; 

Than  whom  th'  have  less  humanity,  ms 

Por  these  at  souls  of  men  will  fly. 

This  to  the  prophet  did  appear, 

Who  in  a  vision  saw  a  bear, 

Prefiguring  the  beastly  rage 

Of  church-rule,  in  this  latter  age  : "  1120 

As  is  demonstrated  at  full 

By  him  that  baited  the  pope's  bull.' 

Bears  naturally  are  beasts  of  prey. 

That  live  by  rapine  ;  so  do  they. 

"What  are  their  orders,  constitutions,  1125 

Church-censures,  curses,  absolutions. 

But  sev'ral  mystic  chains  they  make. 

To  tie  poor  Christians  to  the  stake  ? 

And  then  set  heathen  officers. 

Instead  of  dogs,  about  their  ears.  1 130 

For  to  prohibit  and  dispense. 

To  find  out,  or  to  make  offence  ; 

Of  hell  and  heav'n  to  dispose. 

To  play  with  souls  at  fast  and  loose ; 

To  set  what  characters  they  please,  1138 

And  mulcts  on  sin  or  godliness ; 

Eeduce  the  church  to  gospel-order. 

By  rapine,  sacrilege,  and  murder ; 

To  make  presbytery  supreme, 

And  kings  themselves  submit  to  them  ;*  1140 

'  The  Presbyterians,  when  in  power,  by  means  of  their  synods,  assem- 
bUes,  classes,  scribes,  presbyters,  triers,  orders,  censures,  curses,  &c.  6ie., 
persecuted  the  ministers,  both  of  the  Independents  and  of  the  Church  ot 
England,  with  violence  and  cruelty  little  short  of  the  Inquisition. 

°  Daniel  vii  5.  "  And  behold  another  beast,  a  second,  like  to  a  bear ;  ana 
it  raised  up  itself  on  one  side  ;  and  it  had  three  ribs  in  the  mouth  of  it,  be- 
tween  the  teeth  of  it :    and  they  said  thus  unto  it.  Arise,  devour  mucH 

"a  The  Baiting  of  the  Pope's  Bull  was  the  title  of  a  polemic  pamphlet 
written  against  the  Pope,  by  Henry  Burton,  rector  of  St  Matthew,  Iriday- 
street,  London,  1627.  ^,.    ,     ■_         •  ^  •     j  ■ 

♦  The  Disciplinarians,  it  the  reign  of  Queen  Eluabeth,  mainUmed  le 


C15T0   in.]  HUDIBBAB.  I2jf 

And  force  all  people,  tho'  against 

Their  consciences,  to  turn  saintB  ; 

Must  prove  a  pretty  thriving  trade. 

When  saints  monopolists  are  made : 

"When  pious  frauds,  and  holy  shifts,  1145 

Are  dispensations  and  gifts  ; 

There  godliness  becomes  mere  ware, 

And  ev'ry  synod  but  a  fair. 

Synods  are  whelps  o'  th'  Inquisition, 
A  mungrel  breed  of  like  pemicion,'  1156 

And  growing  up,  became  the  sires 
Of  scribes,  commissioners,  and  triers  ;  * 

their  book,  called  Eccclesiastical  Discipline,  that  kings  ought  to  be  subject 
to  ecclesiastical  censures,  as  well  as  other  persons.  This  doctrine  was  re- 
vived by  the  Presbvterians,  and  actually  put  in  practice  by  the  Scots,  in 
their  treatment  of  Oharles  II.  The  Presbyterians,  in  the  civil  war,  main- 
tained '•  that  princes  must  submit  their  sceptres,  and  throw  down  their 
crowns  before  the  church,  yea,  lick  the  dust  otf  the  feet  of  the  church  ; "  and 
Buchanan,  in  his  famous  "De  Jure  Regni  apud  Scotos,"  asserted,  that 
"  ministers  may  excunimunicate  princes,  and  that  thev,  being  by  excom- 
munication cast  into  hell,  are  not  worthy  to  enjoy  any  life  upon  earth." 

'  The  word  pemicion  appears  to  have  been  coined  by  our  author  from 
the  Ijitin  peniicies,  and  means  destructive  effect.  It  is  given  in  if^ebster's 
Dictionary. 

'  The  Presbyterians  had  a  set  of  officers  called  Triers,  commissioned  by 
the  two  houses,  who  examined  candidates  for  orders,  and  presentees  to 
benefices,  and  sifted  the  qualifications  of  ruling  elders  in  every  congrega- 
tion. See  Walker's  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy.  As  the  Presbyterians  de- 
manded of  the  Church  of  England,  What  command  or  example  have  you 
for  kneeling  at  the  communion,  for  wearing  a  surplice,  for  lord  bishops, 
for  a  penned  liturgy,  &c.  &c.,  so  the  Independents  retorted  upon  them  ; 
Where  are  your  lay  elders,  vour  presbyters,  your  classes,  your  synods,  to 
be  found  in  Scripture  ?  where  your  steeple-houses,  and  your  national 
church,  or  your  titnes,  or  your  metre  psalms,  or  your  two  sacraments  ?  show 
us  a  command  or  example  for  them.  See  Dr  llammond's  View  of  the  Di- 
rectory. The  learned  I)r  Pocock  was  called  before  the  Triers  for  ignorance 
and  insufficiency  of  learning,  and  after  an  attendance  of  several  months  was 
acquitted,  and  then  not  on  his  own  merits,  but  on  the  remonstrance  of  a  de- 
putation of  the  most  learned  men  of  Oxford,  including  Dr  Owen,  who  was  of 
their  own  party.  This  is  confirmed  by  Dr  Owen,  in  a  letter  to  Secretary 
Thurloe.  "  One  thing,"  says  he,  "  I  must  needs  trouble  you  with  ;  there  are 
in  Berkshire  some  men  of  mean  quality  and  condition,  ra.sh,  heady,  enemies 
of  tythes,  who  are  the  commissioners  for  ejecting  ministers :  they  alone 
sit  and  act,  and  are  at  this  time  easting  out,  on  very  slight  and  trivial  pre- 
tences, very  worthy  men  ;  one  in  special  they  intend  next  week  to  eject, 
whose  name  is  Pocock,  a  man  of  as  unblameable  a  conversation  as  any  that 
I  know  liring,  uJ  of  repute  for  learning  throughout  the  world,  beicg  the 


124  nuDiBBAS.  [part  I 

"Whose  bus'ness  is,  by  cunning  slight, 

To  cast  a  figure  for  men's  light ; 

To  find,  in  lines  of  beard  and  face,  iioo 

The  physiognomy  of  grace ; ' 

A^nd  by  the  sound  and  twang  of  nose, 

If  all  be  sound  within  disclose, 

Free  from  a  crack,  or  flaw  of  sinning, 

As  men  try  pipkins  by  the  ringing  ;  ^  1160 

By  black  caps,  underlaid  with  white,^ 

Give  certain  guess  at  inward  light ; 

Which  Serjeants  at  the  gospel  wear,* 

To  make  the  sp'ritual  calling  clear. 

The  handkerchief  about  the  neck,  1185 

— Canonical  cravat  of  smeck,^ 

profeBSor  of  Hebrew  and  Arabic  in  our  TTniversity :  so  that  they  exceed- 
ui^ly  exasperate  all  men,  and  provoke  them  to  the  height."  _ 

"'  The  Triers  pretended  to  great  skill  in  this  respect ;  and  if  they  disliked 
the  face  or  beard  of  a  man,  if  he  happened  to  be  of  a  ruddy  complexion,  or 
cheerful  countenance,  they  would  reject  him  at  once.  Their  questions  were 
such  as  these  :  When  were  you  converted  >  Where  did  you  begin  to  feel 
the  motions  of  the  Spirit  ?  In  what  year  >  In  what  month }  On  what  day  ? 
About  what  hour  of  the  day  had  you  the  secret  call  or  motion  of  the  Spirit 
to  undertake  and  labour  in  the  ministry  ?  &c.  &c.  And  they  would  try 
whether  he  had  the  true  whining  voice  and  nasal  twang.  Dr  South,  in  his 
Sermon,  says  they  were  most  properly  called  Cromwell's  Inquisition,  and 
that,  "as  the  chief  pretence  of  those  Triers  was  to  inquire  into  men's  gifts, 
if  they  found  them  well  gifted  in  the  hand  they  never  looked  any  fm-ther." 

The  reader  (says  Nash)  may  be  inclined  to  think  the  dispute  between  the 
Km°-ht  and  the  Squire  rather  too  long.  But  if  he  considers  that  the  great 
object  of  the  poem  was  to  expose  to  scorn  and  contempt  those  sectaries  and 
pretenders  to  extraordinary  sanctitv,  who  had  overturned  the  constitution 
in  Church  and  State,  he  will  not  wonder  that  the  author  indulges  himself 
in  this  fine  train  of  wit  and  humour.  ,     ■         t> 

'  "They  judged  of  men's  inward  grace  by  his  outward  complexion.  Dr 
Echard  says,  °  If  a  man  had  but  a  little  blood  in  his  cheeks,  his  condition 
was  accounted  very  dangerous,  and  it  was  almost  an  infallible  sign  of  re- 
probation ;  and  I  wUl  assure  you,"  he  adds,  "  a  very  honest  man,  of  a  very 
sanguine  complexion,  if  he  chance  to  come  by  an  officious  ze.ilot's  house, 
mi»ht  be  put  in  the  stocks  for  only  looking  fresh  in  a  frosty  morning." 

^  Many  persons,  particularly  the  dissenters  in  our  poet's  time,  were  fond 
of  wearing  black  caps  lined  with  white.     See  the  print  of  Baxter,  and 

<  A'black  coif,  worn  on  the  head,  is  the  badge  of  a  serieant-at-Iaw. 

5  A  club  or  junto,  which  wrote  several  books  against  the  king,  consisting 
of  five  Parliamentary  holders-forth,  namely  :  Stephen  Marshall,  Edmund 
Oalsmy,  Thomas  Young,  Matthew  Newcomen,  and  William  Spurstow  j  tU 


CA5TO   III]  HUDIBHAS.  125 

From  whom  tlie  institution  came, 
Wlien  Church  and  State  they  set  ou  flame, 
And  worn  hy  them  as  badges  then 
Of  spiritual  wariaring-men, —  liyo 

Judge  rightly  if  regeneration 
Be  of  the  newest  cut  in  fashion  : 
Sure  'tis  an  orthodox  opinion, 
That  grace  is  founded  in  dominion.' 
•  Great  piety  consists  in  pride  ;  ii7i 

To  rule  is  to  be  sanctified : 
To  domineer,  and  to  control, 
Both  o'er  the  body  and  the  soul, 
Is  the  most  perfect  discipline 

Of  church-rule,  and  by  right  divine.  lieo 

Bell  and  the  Dragon's  chaplains  were 
More  moderate  than  those  by  far:'^ 
For  they,  poor  knaves,  were  glad  to  cheat, 
To  get  their  wives  and  children  meat ; 
But  these  will  not  be  fobb'd  off  so,  1185 

They  must  have  wealth  and  power  too ; 
Or  else  witli  blood  and  desolation. 
They  '11  tear  it  out  o'  th'  heart  o'  th'  nation. 

Sure  these  themselves  from  primitive 
And  heathen  priesthood  do  derive,  1190 

initials  of  their  names  make  the  word  Smec/>j»imes  :  and,  by  way  of  dis. 
tinction,  they  wore  handkerchiefs  about  their  necks,  which  afterwards  de- 
generated into  carnal  cravats.  Hall,  bishop  of  Exeter,  presented  a  humble 
remonstrance  to  the  hi^h  court  of  parliament,  in  behalf  of  liturgy  and  epis- 
copacy; which  was  answered  by  the  junto  under  the  title  of  TKe  Original 
of  Liturgy  and  Episcopacy.  discHs.sed  by  SMECTVMXtius.  (See  John  Stil- 
ton's Apoloo-v  for  Smectymnuus.)  They  are  remarkable  also  for  another 
book,  "The  King's  Cabinet  unlocked,"  in  which  all  the  chaste  and  endearin" 
expressions  in  letters  that  pa.ssed  between  Charles  I,  and  his  Queen  are,  by 
their  painful  labours  in  the  Devil's  vineyard,  turned  into  ridicule. 

1  The  Presbyterians  held  that  those  only  who  possessed  grace  were  en- 
titled to  power. 

=  The  priests,  their  wives,  and  children,  feasted  upon  the  provisions  of- 
fered to  the  idol,  and  pretended  that  he  had  devoured  them.  See  the  .•\|]r>. 
crypha,  Bel  anil  the  Dragon,  v.  15.  The  great  gorbellied  idol,  called  the 
Assembly  of  Divines  (s.-iy8  Overton  in  his  arraignment  of  Persecution),  is  n.t 
ashamed  in  this  time  of  state  necessity,  to  guzzle  down  and  devour  dally 
more  at  an  ordinary  meal  than  would  make  a  feast  for  Hell  .ind  the  Dragim'; 
for,  besides  their  fat  benefices  fcrsooth,  they  must  have  their  four  shillingi 
>  day  for  setting  in  constollidation. 


126  HrDiBKAS.  [takt  I. 

When  butchers  were  the  only  clerks,' 

Elders  and  presbyters  of  kirks  ; 

Whose  Directory  was  to  kill ; 
•  And  some  believe  it  is  so  still.'' 

The  only  diff  rence  is,  that  then  1196 

They  slaughter' d  only  beasts,  now  men. 

For  them  to  sacrifice  a  bullock. 

Or,  now  and  then,  a  child  to  Moloch, 
:  They  count  a  vile  abomination. 

But  not  to  slaughter  a  whole  nation.  1200 

Presbytery  does  but  translate 

The  papacy  to  a  free  state,^ 

A  commonwealth  of  popery, 

Where  ev'ry  village  is  a  see 

As  well  as  Eome,  and  must  maintain  1206 

A  tithe-pig  metropolitan ; 

Wbere  ev'ry  presbyter  and  deacon 

Commands  the  keys  for  cheese  and  bacon ;  * 

And  ev'ry  hamlet's  governed 

By's  holiness,  the  church's  head,*  1210 

1  Both  in  the  Heathen  and  Jewish  sacrifices  the  animal  was  slaughtered 
hy  the  priests. 

-  A  banter  on  the  Directory,  or  form  of  service  drawn  up  by  the  Presby- 
terians, and  substituted  for  the  Common  Prayer. 

'  The  resemblance  between  Papacy  and  Presbytery,  which  is  here  implied, 
is  amusingly  set  forth  by  Dean  Swift,  in  his  Tale  of  a  Tub,  under  the 
names  of  Peter  and  Jack. 

*  Alluding  to  the  well-known  influence  which  dissenting  ministers  of  all 
sects  and  denominations  exercise  over  the  purses  of  the  female  part  of  their 
flocks.  As  an  illustration,  Grey  gives  the  following  anecdote  ;  Daniel  Bur- 
gess, dining  with  a  gentlewoman  of  his  congregation,  and  a  large  uncut 
Cheshire  cheese  being  brought  to  table,  he  asked  where  he  should  cut  it. 
She  replied,  where  you  please,  Mr  Burgess.  Upon  which  he  ordered  the 
servant  in  waiting  to  carry  it  to  his  own  house,  for  he  would  cut  it  there. 

'  The  gentlemen  of  Cheshire  sent  a  remonstrance  to  the  parliament, 
wherein  they  complained  that,  instead  of  having  twenty-six  bishops,  they 
were  then  governed  by  a  numerous  presbytery,  amounting,  with  lay  elders 
and  others,  to  40,000.  This  governmeiit,  say  they,  is  purely  papal,  for 
every  minister  exercises  papal  jurisdiction.  Dr  Grey  quotes  from  Sir  John 
Birkenhead  revived : 

But  never  look  for  health  nor  peace 

If  once  presbytery  jade  us, 

When  every  priest  becomes  a  pope. 

When  tinkers  and  sow-gelders 

May,  if  they  can  but  'scape  the  rope, 

Be  princes  and  lay-elders. 


OAKTO   III]  HUDIBRA8.  127 

More  haughty  and  severe  in's  place 

Tlian  Gre>jory  antl  Boniface.' 

Such  church  must,  surelv,  be  a  monster 

"With  many  heads:  for  if  we  eonster* 

What  in  th'  Apocalypse  we  find,  I2ij 

According  to  th'  Apostle's  mind, 

'Tis  that  the  Whore  of  Babylon, 

With  many  heads,  did  ride  upon  ;  ^ 

WTiich  heads  denote  the  sinful  tribe 

Of  deacon,  priest,  lay-elder,  scribe.  1220 

Lay-elder,  Simeon  to  Levi,* 
Wliose  little  finger  is  as  heavy 
As  loins  of  patriarchs,  prince-prelate, 
And  bishop-secular.*     This  zealot 
Is  of  a  mungrel,  diverse  kind,  1825 

Cleric  before,  and  lay  behind  ; ' 
A  lawless  linsey-woolsey  brother,' 
Half  of  one  order,  half  another  ; 

'  Two  most  insolent  and  assuming  popes,  who  endeavoured  to  raise  the 
tiara  above  all  the  crowned  heads  in  Christendom.  Gregorv  VII.,  elei'te<l 
1073,  the  son  of  a  Smith,  and  commonly  called  Hildebrand,  was  the  first 
pontiff  who  arrogated  to  himself  the  authority  to  excommunicate  and  depose 
the  emperor.  Boniface  VIII.,  elected  1294,  one  of  the  most  haughtv,  am- 
bitious, and  tyrannical  men,  that  ever  filled  the  papal  chair,  at  the  jubilee 
instituted  by  himself,  appeared  one  day  in  the  habit  of  a  pope,  and  the 
next  in  that  of  an  emperor  ;  and  caused  two  swords  to  be  rarried  before 
him,  to  show  that  he  was  invested  with  all  power  ecclesiastical  and  temporal. 
■yValsingham  savs  that  "  he  crept  into  the"  papacy  like  a  fox,  niled  like  a 
lion,  and  died  Ifke  a  dog."  2  Meaning  "  construe." 

'  The  Church  of  Rome  has  often  been  compared  to  the  whore  of  Baby- 
lon. The  beast  which  the  whore  rode  upon  is  here  said  to  signify  the 
Presbyterian  establishment  :  and  the  seven,  or  many  heads  of  the  boast,  are 
interpreted,  by  the  poet,  to  mean  their  several  officers,  deacons,  priests, 
scribes,  lav-elders,  &c. 

*  That  is,  lay-elder,  an  associate  to  the  priesthood,  for  interested,  if  not 
for  iniquitous  purposes.  Alluding  to  Genesis  xlix.  5,  6.  "Simeon  and 
Len  are  brethren  ;  instruments  of  cruelty  are  in  their  habitations :  O  my 
soul,  come  not  thnu  into  their  secret ;  unto  their  as.sembly,  mine  honour, 
be  not  thou  united;   for  in  their  anger  they  slew  a  man." 

'  Such  were  formerly  several  of  the  bishops  in  Germany. 

«  Sir  Roger  L' Estrange,  in  his  key  to  IIu(libra.s,  tells  us" that  one  Andrew 
Crawford,  a  Scotch  preacher,  is  here  intended  ;  others  sav  ■\Villiam  Dunning, 
■  Scotch  prisbyter  of  a  turbulent  and  restless  spirit,  diligent  in  promoting 
the  cause  of  the  kirk.  But,  probably,  the  author  meant  no  more  than  to 
(five  a  general  picture  of  the  lay-eldei-s. 

Ft  wa-i  firliiddi  n  by  the  I.evitical  law  to  wear  a  mixture  of  linen  and 
vooUea  in  the  sani«  garment. 


128  HUDIBHAS.  [PABT    I. 

A  creature  of  amphibious  nature, 

On  land  a  beast,  a  fish  in  water :  1830 

That  always  preys  on  grace  or  sin ; 

A  sheep  without,  a  wolf  within. 

This  fierce  inquisitor  has  chief 

Dominion  over  men's  belief 

And  manners  ;  can  pronounce  a  saint  1235 

Idolatrous,  or  ignorant. 

When  superciliously  he  sifts. 

Through  coarsest  bolter,  others'  gifts.' 

For  all  men  live  and  judge  amiss, 

AVhose  talents  jump  not  just  with  his.  1240 

He'U  lay  on  gifts  with  hand,  and  place 

On  dullest  noddle  light  and  grace, 

The  manufacture  of  the  kirli, 

Whose  pastors  are  but  th'  handiwork 

Of  his  mechanic  paws,  instilling  1245 

Divinity  in  them  by  feeling. 

From  whence  they  start  up  chosen  vessels. 

Made  by  contact,  as  men  get  measles. 

So  cardinals,  they  say,  do  grope 

At  th'  other  end  the  new-made  pope.^  1250 

Hold,  hold,  quoth  Hudibras,  soft  fire. 
They  say,  does  make  sweet  malt.     Good  Squire, 
JPestina  lenfe,  not  too  fast ; 
For  haste,  the  proverb  says,  makes  waste. 
The  quirks  and  cavils  thou  dost  make  1255 

Are  false,  and  built  upon  mistake  : 
And  I  shall  bring  you,  with  your  pack 
Of  fallacies,  t'  Elenchi  back  ;  ^ 
And  put  your  arguments  in  mood 
And  figure  to  be  understood.  1260 

I'll  force  you  by  right  ratiocination 
To  leave  your  vitilitigation.* 

'  A  bolter  is  a  coarse  sieve  for  separating  bran  from  flour._ 

'  This  alludes  to  the  stercorary  chair,  used  at  the  installations  of  some  of 
the  popes,  and  which,  being  perforated  at  the  bottom,  has  given  rise  to  tha 
issertion  that,  to  prevent  the  recurrence  of  a  Pope  Joan,  the  Pontiff  elect  is 
always  examined  through  it  by  the  youngest  deacon. 

'  Elenchi  are  arguments  which  deceive  under  an  appearance  of  truth. 
The  Eknchim,  says  Aldrich,  is  properly  a  syllogism  which  refutes  an  oppo- 
nent by  establishing  that  which  contradicts  his  opinion. 

♦  Ihat  is,  «  perverse  humour  of  wrangling,  or,  "  contentious  litigation.-' 


CAJTTO    IIT.]  HUDIBKA8.  ]29 

And  iriiike  you  kpop  to  the  question  close, 
And  art,'iie  diakn-tii-os.' 

Tiie  question  tlieu,  to  state  it  first,  1265 

Is.  which  is  better,  or  which  worst. 
Synods  or  bears.     Bears  I  avow 
To  be  the  nnst,  -jnl  syuoc:?.  thiu. 
But,  to  make  good  th'  assertion, 

Thou  say'st  th'  are  really  all  one.  I270 

If  so,  not  -.T-jrst ;  for  if  th'  are  idem,"^ 
^yii.v  the'-.,  tanfitiulem  dat  taiUidem. 
For  If  they  are  the  same,  by  oourae 
Neither  is  better,  neither  worse. 
But  I  deny  they  are  the  same,  li75 

More  than  a  maggot  and  I  am. 
That  both  are  animalin.^ 
I  grant,  but  not  ratioiinlin : 
For  though  they  do  agree  in  kind, 
Specific  difference  we  find  ;  *  1280 

And  can  no  more  make  bears  of  these, 
Than  prove  my  hoi-se  is  Socrates.' 
That  synods  are  bear-gardens  too. 
Thou  dost  affirm  ;  but  I  say,  No : 
And  thus  I  prove  it,  in  a  word,  1285 

"Whats'ever  assembly's  not  impow'r'd 
To  censure,  curse,  absolve,  and  ordain, 
Can  be  no  synod :  but  bear-garden 

'  That  is,  dialectically,  or  lo^'callv. 

'  These  are  tochnicartemis  of  schooI-lo»ic. 

■  Suppose  (says  Na-sy  to  make  out  the  metre,  we  read  : 
That  both  indeed  are  animalia. 

I  K?'°'  "^  '?'?  proposes  to  read  of  them  in  place  of  indeed.  But  it  was 
probably  intended  in  the  next  lino  to  ellipse  ralionalia  into  raf7,alia 
(pronounced  ra.shnulia). 

«  Between  aninmte  and  inanimate  thinps.  as  between  a  man  and  a  tree. 
there  is  a  genenc  difTerence,  that  is,  one  "  in  kind ; "  between  rational  and 
sensitive  creatures,  as  a  man  and  a  bear,  there  is  a  specific  ditrereiue  ■  fot 
though  they  ajjrec  in  the  genus  of  animals,  or  living  creatures,  yet  they 
JilTer  in  the  species  as  to  reason.  Between  two  men,  Plato  and  Socrates, 
tliere  is  a  nimuncal  difTerence ;  for,  though  they  are  of  the  same  species  as 
rational  creatures,  yet  they  are  not  one  and  the  same,  but  two  men.  Sec 
Part  11.  Canto  1.  1.  1.50. 

»  Or  that  my  horse  is  a  man.  Aristotle,  in  his  disputations,  uses  the  word 
>-ocrates  a,  an  appcUatiTC  for  man  in  general ;  from  him  it  was  taken  np  ia 
the  ichools.  ' 

E 


130 


nUDIBEAS.  [PAHT   I. 


Has  no  such  power,  ergo  'tis  none ; 

And  so  thy  sophistry's  o'erthrown.  lasc 

But  yet  we  are  beside  the  question 
Which  thou  didst  raise  the  first  contest  on : 
Por  that  was,  Whether  bears  are  better 
Than  synod-men  ?     I  say,  Negatur. 
That  bears  are  beasts,  and  synods  men,  i29o 

Is  held  by  all :  they're  better  then, 
Tor  bears  and  dogs  on  four  legs  go, 
As  beasts  ;  but  synod-men  on  two. 
'Tis  true,  they  all  have  teeth  and  nails ; 
But  prove  that  synod-men  have  tads  :  l^^o 

Or  that  a  rugged,  shaggy  fur 

Grows  o'er  the  hide  of  presbyter ; 

Or  that  his  snout  and  spacious  ears 
Do  hold  proportion  with  a  bear's. 

A  bear's  a  savage  beast,  of  all  130o 

Most  ugly  and  unnatural, 

Whelp' d  without  form,  until  the  dam 

Has  lickt  it  into  shape  and  frame  : ' 

But  all  thy  light  can  ne'er  evict, 

That  ever  synod-man  was  lickt,  l3io 

Or  brought  to  any  other  fashion 

Than  his  own  will  and  inclination. 

But  thou  dost  further  yet  in  this^ 

Oppugn  thyself  and  sense  ;  that  is. 

Thou  would'st  have  presbyters  to  go  1315 

For  bears  and  dogs,  and  bearwards  too  ; 

A  strange  chimaera^  of  beasts  and  men, 

Made  up  of  pieces  het'rogene  ; 

Such  as  in  nature  never  met,  ^^^^ 

In  eodem  suhjeeto  yet. 

Edit  vol.  ii.  p.  30.5).     It  is  alluded  to  m  Pope's  Dunciud,  i.  99,  100  . 
So  watchful  Bruin  forms,  with  plastic  care. 
Each  <rrowins  lump,  aud  brings  it  to  a  bear.  ,     .   ,t  . 

^  Alluding  to  the  f^ble  of''chini'ira  in  OviJs  Metamorphoses,  book  IX..- 

"    and  where  Chimnera  raves 

On  cra"-"-Y  rocks,  with  lion's  face  and  mane, 
A  goat"s"rough  body,  and  a  sei-penfs  tram. 
Described  also  by  Homer,  Iliad,  vi.  180. 


CAirro    HI.]  HUDIBEA8. 


131 


Thy  other  arguments  are  all 
Supposures  hypothetical, 
That  do  but  beg ;  and  we  nray  ehase 
Either  to  grant  them,  or  refuse. 

Much  thou  liast  said,  whicli  1  know  when,  1325 

And  wliere  tliou  stol'st  from  other  men  ; 
Whereby  'tis  plain  thy  light  and  gifts 
Are  all  but  plagiary  shifts  ; 
And  is  the  same  tliat  Eanter  said. 
Who,  arguing  with  me,  broke  my  head,'  1330 

And  tore  a  handful  of  my  beard'; 
The  self-same  cavils  then  I  heard, 
AV'heu  b'ing  in  hot  dispute  about' 
This  controversy,  we  fell  out ; 
And  what  thou  know'st  I  answerd  then 
Will  serve  to  answer  thee  a^ett. 

Quoth  Ealpho,  Xothing  iMit  th*  abuse 
Of  human  learning  you  produce  ; 
Learning,  that  cobweb  of  the  brain, 
Profane,  erroneous,  and  vain  ;  = 


is;  5; 


13*-) 


nJ„I^  „??  TT  MK'"'*',"""  ^^"^"^  "l'  •'!''  'Iwtrinos  of  religion, 

natural  and  reven  e.L  and  beheved  sin  and  ^ice  to  be  t/,e  rrhoU  d„ty.nfZ,„,. 
They  bcld,  says  Alexander  Ross,  that  God,  Devil.  Angels,  Heaven,  and  n,H 

tl^nrelT-  "'"'  ^^T^'lv^'l  ^''  ^'>C"^'-  ""^^  ^hr^^t,  were  in.nastors  a  ,  i 
that  prcaehmjr  was  but  pubhe  lyinor.     With  one  of  tliese  tl,e  Light  had 

soldiers  in  the  par hament  army  were  frequentlv  punished  for  being  Ranters 
l..»J„^  ^™'^P™''™'f  and  Anabaptists  were 'great  enemies  to  all  human 
barning:  they  thought  that  preaebing,  and  everjtbing  else,  was  to  eome 

aid  r^  ^t  r-t  ^'  ^"""'  '"''^^   "^•■■"'"  ""'"  "'^'"  ^^'  »  ^o'fl  ''rime! 

Tl  ?h  ^  e  "Th  H  "''""  '^  u  ""  .T""^'  *'"'  ^"'y  f^-"--'-  All  learning 
w.«  then  cried  down,  so  that  with  tliem  the  bok  preachers  were  such 
a  eouM  not  read,  and  the  ablest  .livines  sueh  a.s  eould  not  write  In 
all  their  preaehments  thoy  so  highly  pretended  to  the  spirit,  that  they 
bal  Ihe^'thl.''""  '"">  '.-i''^^-"  ^Ve  are  told  in  the  Merdrius  liusUcuI. 
If  ,V.  n  i.r  *"''  '*'';"■'  ''^"  froverned  Chelmsford  at  the  beginning 
of  the  Rebellion,  jtsserted  "that  learning  had  alwavs  been  an  enemv  to 

er,i?rra^„;"'n  h"V'  '""'^^  '"  "  '"''W  ''^"'  "•"«'-  -"0  no  uVi- 
ersities  and  all  books  were  burnt  exeept  the  Bible."     Their  enmity  to 

1.  o7er  '?  t"''  f'"'f  r^'  Sh^'l^'P''-''.  -ho  makes  Jaek  Cade  sav  w  u  n 
crmfn  e,  ,1^  ^   <■  can  of  sueh  filth  a,s  thou  art.    Thou  has  most  traitorously 

Jh„,rhl  '  ':""'''^^'"'.''"  ''■'"J  »"  "th"  l'""ks,  but  the  seore  and  the  tally. 
thoa  hast  caused  pnnting  to  be  used  ;  and,  contrary  to  the  king,  his  croWD 

k3 


l:H2  HTJDIBEAS.  [PAltT    I. 

A  trade  of  knowledge  as  replete, 

As  others  are  with  fraud  and  cheat ; 

An  art  t'  incumber  gifts  and  wit, 

And  render  both  for  nothing  fit ; 

Makes  light  uuactive,  dull  and  troubled,  1345 

Like  little  David  in  Saul's  doublet : 

A  cheat  that  scholars  put  upon 

Other  men's  reason  and  their  own; 

A  fort  of  error  to  ensconce 

Absurdity  and  ignorance,  1350 

That  renders  all  the  avenues 

To  truth  impervious,  and  abstruse. 

By  making  plain  things,  in  debate. 

By  art  perplex' d,  and  intricate  : 

For  nothing  goes  for  sense  or  light  1355 

That  will  not  with  old  rules  jump  right. 

As  if  rules  were  not  in  the  schools 

Deriv'd  from  truth,  but  truth  from  rules.' 

This  pagan,  heathenish  invention 
Is  good  for  nothing  but  contention.  1360 

For  as  in  sword-and-buckler  fight, 

All  blows  do  on  the  target  light ; 

So  when  men  argue,  the  greatest  part 

O'  th'  contest  falls  on  terms  of  art. 

Until  the  fustian  stutf  be  spent,  ISS" 

And  then  they  fall  to  th'  argument. 

Quoth  Hudibras,  Friend  Ealph,  thou  hast 

Out-run  the  constable  at  last ; 

For  thou  art  fallen  on  a  new 

Dispute,  as  senseless  as  untrue,  13'" 

But  to  the  former  opposite, 

Aud  contrary  as  black  to  white ; 

and  dignity,  thou  hast  built  a  paper-mill.  It  will  be  proved  *»  ^y  f^;"' 
TtLu  Li  meu  about  thee  that  usuaUy  talk  of  a  "oun  and  a  ve  b  and 
euoh  abominable  words  as  no  Cb-stian  ear  can  endure  to  hear.  Henr>  \  1 . 
Part  II.  Act  iv.  sc.  7. 

'  .See  1  Samuel  xvii.  38.  .      . 

=  lilshop  Warburton,  in  a  note  on  these  lines,  says :  "  T^J^  "'^^'-J^''^"  ^; 
iust    the  logicians  have  run  into  strange  absurdities  of  this  kma     l^eter 

^  luurthX"  of  them,  in  I'i^IfS-- -i'^^'^^-^'i.rMs'Sl^'" 
(uru'.  a»  sophistical,  because  it  did  not  jump  right  with  his  lulas. 


CASTO    III.] 


HTTDIBRAS. 


Mere  disparafa,^  that  concerning 

Presbytery,  this  human  learning  ; 

Two  things  s'  averse,  they  never  yet,  1375 

But  in  thy  rambling  fancy,  met.^ 

But  I  shall  take  a  fit  oi>casion 

T'  evince  thee  by  ratiocination, 

Some  other  time,  in  place  more  proper 

Than  this  w'  are  in  :  therefore  let's  stop  here,       1380 

And  rest  our  weary'd  bones  awhile, 

Already  tir'd  with  other  toil. 

'  Tllin.ss  so  different  from  each  other,  that  they  cannot  he  cnmptiroil. 

'  The  Presbytery  of  those  times  had  little  learning  among  tluin,  though 
aany  made  pretences  to  it;  but,  seeing  all  their  boasted  mguments  and 
doctrines,  wherever  they  differed  from  the  Church  of  England,  cdutrovcitid 
and  balHed  by  the  learned  divines  of  that  Church,  they  found  that  withnut 
more  leamin"  thev  should  not  maintain  their  ground.  Thercfnro,  aliout  tliu 
time  of  the  Revolution,  they  began  to  think  it  very  necessary,  in^^tcad  "f 
Calvin's  Institutes,  and  a  Dutch  System  or  two,  to  help  them  tn  argunirnts 
against  Episcopacy,  to  study  mi^re  polite  books.  It  is  certain  that  dissent- 
ing ministers,  since  that  time,  have  both  preached  and  written  more  learn- 
edly and  politely. 


AKGUMENT. 

The  Knight  being  clapp'd  by  tli'  heels  in  prison. 

The  last  unhappy  expedition,' 

Love  brrngb  his  action  on  the  case, 

And  lays  it  upon  Hudibras. 

How  he  receives  '  the  lady's  visit, 

And  cunningly  solicits  his  suit, 

"Which  she  defers  :  yet,  on  parole, 

Redeems  him  from  th'  enchanted  hole. 

1  In  the  editions  previous  to  1674,  the  lines  stand  thus: 

The  knight,  hy  damnable  magician. 
Being  cast  illegally  in  prison. 

2  An  action  on  the  case,  is  an  action  for  redress  of  wrongs  and  injurie.. 

flone  without  force   and  not  specially  provided  against  by  law. 

done  withou   tor  j.,^      .^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^  ^  ^^^^  p^t  ^ 

upon  a  hand  at  cards  with  a  larger  sum;  also  to  retort  or  recriminate. 
See  Wright's  Provincial  Dictionary. 


PART  II.    CANTO  I. 


y^'^v  ^'^  now,  t'  oliserve  rotnantique  method,' 
Vim}i   Let  bloody  *  steel  awhile  he  sheathed  ; 

And  all  those  harsh  and  rugged  sounds' 
Ol"  bastinadoes,  cuts,  and  wounds, 
Eschang'd  to  love's  more  gentle  style,  5 

To  let  our  reader  breathe  awhile  :  * 

In  which,  that  we  may  be  as  brief  as 

la  possible,  by  way  of  preface. 

Is't  not  enough  to  make  one  strange,' 

That  some  men's  fancies'  should  ne'er  cliange,         lo 

But  make  all  people  do  and  say 

The  same  things  still  the  self-same  way  ? 

Some  WTiters  make  all  ladies  purloin'd. 

And  knights  pursuing  like  a  whirlwind;' 

Others  make  all  their  knights,  in  fits  IS 

Of  jealousy,  to  lose  their  wits; 

'  The  abrupt  openin»  of  this  Canto  is  designed ;    being  in  imitation 
of  the  commencement  of  the  fourth  book  of  the  JSneid, 

"  At  regina  gravijam  dtidiim  sniicia  ciira,"  &c. 

»    far.  rualy  steel  in  1674—84,  and  trusty  in  1700.     Restored  to  bhody 
•teel  in  1704. 

'  la  like  manner  Shakspeare,  Richard  III.  Act  i.  sc.  1,  says  : 

"Our  stern  alarums  chanfr'd  to  merry  meetings, 
Our  dreadful  marches  to  delightful  measures." 

For  this  and  the  three  previous  lines,  the  first  edition  has : 

And  unto  love  turn  we  our  stvle 

To  let  our  reader  breathe  awhile. 

By  this  time  tir'd  wii'.i  th'  horrid  sounds 

Of  blows,  and  cuts,  and  blood,  and  wounds. 

'  That  is,  lo  make  one  wonder, 
*    Vnr.     That  n  man's  fanev. 

'  A-ludinir,  pr.ibaWy,  to  Don  Quixote's  account  of  the  enchanted  Dnl* 
cineas,  flying  from  him,  like  a  whirlwind,  in  llontesino's  Cave. 


136  HTTBIBBAS.  [PAET    IL 

Till  drawing  blood  o'  tW  damea,  like  witches, 

They're  forthwith  cur'd  of  their  capriehes.' 

Some  always  thrive  in  their  amours, 

By  puDing  plasters  off  their  sores  ;''  20 

As  cripples  do  to  get  au  alms, 

Just  so  do  they,  and  win  their  dames. 

Some  force  whole  regions,  in  despite 

O'  geography,  to  change  their  site ; 

Make  former  times  shake  hands  with  latter,  25 

And  that  which  was  before,  come  after  ;' 

But  those  that  write  in  rhyme  still  make 

The  one  verse  for  the  other's  sake  ; 

Por  one  for  sense,  and  one  for  rhyme, 

I  think's  sufficient  at  one  time.  30 

But  we  forget  in  what  sad  plight 
We  whilom  ■•  left  the  eaptiv'd  Knight 
And  pensive  Sc^uire,  both  bruis'd  ia  body 
And  conjur'd  into  safe  custody. 
Tir'd  with  dispute  and  speaking  Latin,  36 

As  well  as  basting  and  bear-baiting, 
And  desperate  of  any  course 
To  free  himself  by  wit  or  force. 
His  only  solace  was,  that  now 
His  dog-bolt  *  fortune  was  so  low,  40 

>  It  was  a  Tulgar  notion  that  if  you  drew  blood  from  a  witch,  she  could 
not  hurt  you.     Thus  Cleveland,  in  his  Rebel  Scot : 

Scots  are  like  witches ;  do  but  whet  your  pen, 
Scratch  till  the  blood  comes,  they'll  not  hurt  you  then. 
See  also  Shakspeare,  Henry  VI.  Part  I.  Act  i.  sc.  5. 

'  By  showing  their  wounds  to  the  ladies,  who,  it  must  remembered,  in 
the  times  of  chivalry,  were  instructed  in  surgery  and  the  healing  art.  In 
the  romance  of  Perceforest,  a  young  lady  set's  the  dislocated  arm  of  a 
knight. 

'  A  banter  on  these  common  faults  of  romance  writers :  even  Shakspeare 
and  Virgil  have  not  wholly  avoided  them.  The  former  transports  his  cha- 
racters, in  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  from  France  to  England  :  the  latter  has 
formed  an  intrigue  between  Dido  and  jEneas,  who  probably  lived  in  very 
distant  periods.  The  Spanish  writers  are  rebuked  for  these  violations  of  the 
unities  in  Don  Quixote,  ch.  21,  where  the  canon  speaks  of  having  seen  a  play 
"  in  which  the  first  act  begins  iu  Europe,  the  second  in  Asia,  and  the  thirii 
in  Africa." 

*   Var.  Lately. 

'  In  English,  dog,  in  composition,  like  !vt  in  Greek,  implies  that  tlw 


CANTO    I.]  HFDtBHAS.  187 

That  eitlier  it  must  quickly  end 
Or  turn  about  a>;ain,  and  inend:' 
In  which  he  found  the  event,  no  less 
Than  other  times,  beside  his  guess. 

There  is  a  tall  long-sided  dame,—  '  45 

But  wond'rous  light— vclepcd  Fame, 
That  like  a  thin  chameleon  boards 
Herself  on  air,^  and  eats  her  words  ;* 
Upon  her  shoulders  wings  she  wears 
Like  hanging  sleeves,  lin'd  thro'  with  ears,  so 

And  eyes,  and  tongues,  as  poets  list, 
Jfade  good  by  deep  mythologist. 
With  these  aha  thro'  the  welkin  flies,* 
And  sometimes  carries  truth,  oft  lies'; 
"With  letters  hung,  like  eastern  pigeons,^  6S 

And  Mercuries  of  furthest  regions'; 

thing  denoted  by  the  noun  annexed  to  it  is  vile,  bad,  savn^e,  or  ur. 
fortunate  in  its  kmd:  thus  dos;-rose,  dof^-latin,  dos-trick,  dofj-choap.  „nd 
many  others.  Wnght.  in  his  Glossary,  explains  dog-bolt  as  a  term  of  re- 
proach, and  gives  quotation  from  Ben  Jonson  and  Shadwcll  to  thnt  etIVct 
The  happiest  illustration  of  the  text  is  afforded  in  Beaumont  and  Fletchcr-3 
Spanish  Curate : 

"For,  to  say  truth,  the  lawyer  is  a  dog-holt. 
An  arrant  worm." 

_ «   It  was  a  maxim  among  the  Stoic  philosophers  that  things  which  were 
Tiolent  could  not  be  lasting :  Si  Innga  est,  levis  est ;  si  gravis  est  brcvis  est 
»  Our  author  ha.s  evidently  foUowed  VirgU  (^neid.  iv.)  in  some  parts  of 
this  descnption  of  Fame. 

•  The  vulgar  notion  is,  that  chameleons  live  on  air,  but  thcv  are  known 
to  feed  on  flies,  caterpillars,  and  other  insects.  See  Brown's  Vulvar  Errors 
book  m.  ch.  21.  °  ' 

«  The  beauty  of  this  simile,  savs  Mr  Warburton,  "consists  in  the 
donWe  meaning :  the  first  alluding  to  Fame's  living  on  report ;  the  second 
implnng  that  a  report,  if  narrowly  inquired  into  and  traced  up  to  the 
original  author,  is  made  to  contradict  it.<elf." 

'  Welkin  is  derived  from  the  .\ngIo-Saxon  wolc,  wolcn,  clouds  and  is 
generally  used  by  the  English  poets  to  denote  the  sky  or  visible  region  of 
the  air.  ° 

•  The  pigeons  of  Aleppo  served  as  couriers.  Thev  were  taken  from  their 
young  ones,  and  conveved  to  distant  pl.iees  in  open  cages,  and  when  it  be- 
came necessary  to  send  home  any  intelligence,  one  was  let  loose,  with  a  billet 
ted  to  her  foot,  when  she  flew  back  with  great  swiftness.  They  would 
return  m  less  than  ten  hours  from  Alixandrctto  to  Aleppo,  and  in  two  davj 
from  Bagdad.  This  method  was  prarlis.d  at  Mutina,  when  besiogeu  by 
Antony.    See  Pliny's  N»tural  History,  lib  1.  37  b        j 


138  HUUIBEAS.  [PAHT  tl. 

Diurnals  writ  for  regulation 

Of  lying,  to  inform  the  nation,' 

And  by  tlieir  public  use  to  bring  down 

The  rate  of  whetstones  in  the  kingdom.'  JO 

About  her  neck  a  packet-mail. 

Fraught  with  advice,  some  fresh,  some  stale, 

Of  men  that  walk'd  when  they  were  dead, 

And  cows  of  monsters  brought  to  bed :  ^ 

Of  hail-stones  big  as  pullets'  eggs,  65 

And  puppies  whelp'd  with  twice  two  legs  :* 

A  blazing  star  seen  in  the  west, 

By  sis  or  seven  men  at  least. 

Two  trumpets  she  does  sound  at  once,' 

But  both  of  clean  contrary  tones  ;  70 

But  whether  both  with  the  same  wind, 

Or  one  before,  and  one  behind. 

We  know  not,  only  this  can  tell, 

The  one  soiinds  vilely,  th'  other  well ; 

And  therefore  vulgar  authors  name  75 

Th'  one  Good,  th'  other  Evil  Fame. 

>  The  newspapers  of  thoie  times,  called  Mercuries  and  Diurnals,  were 
characterised  by  many  of  the  contemporary  writers  as  lying  journals.  Each 
party  had  its  Mercuries :  there  was  Mercurius  Rusticus,  and  Mercuriua 
Aulicus. 

''  Whetstone  is  a  proverbial  term,  denoting  an  excitement  to  lying,  or  a 
suliject  that  frave  a  man  an  opportunity  of  whetting  his  wit  upon  another. 
See  Ray,  in  Handbook  of  Proverbs,  p.  tiO.  Thus  Shakspeare  makes  Celia 
reply  to  Rosalind  upon  the  entry  of  the  Clown  :  "  Fortune  hath  sent 
this  natural  for  our  whetstone ;  for  always  the  dulness  of  the  fool  is  the 
whetstone  of  the  wits."  Lying  for  the  whetstone  appears  to  have  been  a 
jocular  custom.  In  Lupton's  "Too  good  to  be  true"  occur  these  lines: 
"  Omen.  And  what  shall  he  gain  that  gets  the  victory  in  lying  }  Syilla. 
He  shall  have  a  silver  7.  hetstone  for  his  labom-s."  See  a  full  account  in 
Brand's  Popular  Antiquities  (Bohn's  edit.),  vol.  iii.  p.  389—393. 

3  Some  stories  of  the  kind  are  found  in  Morton's  History  of  Northamp- 
tonshire, p.  447  ;  Knox's  History  of  the  Reformation  in  Scotland ;  and  Phi- 
losophical Transactions,  xxvi.  p.  310. 

*  To  make  this  story  as  wonderful  as  the  rest,  we  ought  to  read  thrice 
two,  or  twice  four  legs. 

''  Chaucer  makes  Mn\as,  an  attendant  on  Fame,  blow  the  clarion  of  laud, 
and  the  clarion  of  slander,  alternately,  acco.  ding  to  her  directions ;  and  in 
Pope's  Temple  of  Fame,  she  has  the  trumpet  of  eternal  praise,  and  tin 
trumpet  of  slander. 


CiTTTO    1.1  Hl-DIliRAS.  130 

This  tattlintj-  gossip  knew  too  well, 
Whiit  niisohiet'  lliulibras  betl-ll ; 
Ami  straitjlit  the  spiteful  tidings  bears, 
Of  all,  to  th'  unkind  widow's  ears.  go 

Deniocritus  ne'er  laugh'd  so  loud,' 
To  see  bawds  carted  through  the  crowd, 
Or  funerals  with  stately  pomp, 
JIarch  slowly  on  in  solemn  dump, 
As  she  laugh'd  out,  until  her  back,  gg 

j\s  well  as  sides,  was  like  to  crack. 
She  vow'd  she  would  go  see  the  S'ght, 
And  visit  tlie  distressed  Knight, 
To  do  the  office  of  a  neighbour, 

.\nd  lie  a  go.ssip  at  his  labour  ;'  90 

.■\nd  from  his  wooden  jail,  the  stocks,* 
To  set  at  large  his  fetter-locks, 
A  nd  by  exchange,  parole,  or  ransom, 
To  free  him  from  th'  enchanted  mansion. 
Tliis  b'ing  resolv'd,  she  call'd  for  hood  95 

-AikI  usher,  implements  abroad* 
Which  ladies  wear,  beside  a  slender 
Toiini;  waiting  damsel  to  attend  her. 
AH  which  appearing,  on  she  went 
'J'o  find  the  Knigiit  in  limbo  pent.  100 

And  'twas  not  long  before  she  found 
]lim.  and  liis  stout  Squire,  in  the  pound; 
Both  coupled  in  enchanted  tether. 
By  further  leg  behind  together: 

'    I'ar.  "  Twattling  gnssip,"  in  the  two  first  editions. 

=  Dcmocritus  was  the  "  laughing  philosopher."  He  regarded  the  com- 
•n.in  c-arcs  aud  pursuits  of  men  as  simply  ridiculous,  and  ridiculed  them  ac- 
eoi-dingly. 

•  Oossip,  from  God  sib ;  that  is,  sib,  or  related  by  means  of  religion ;  a 
pod-father  or  sponsor  at  baptism. 

•  The  original  reading  of  this  and  the  following  line  explains  the  meaning 
of  the  preceding  one.     In  the  two  editions  of  1664,  they  stand : 

That  is,  to  see  him  deliver'd  safe 

Of  's  wodden  burthen,  av^  Squire  Ralph. 

•  Some  have  doubted  whether  the  word  tuher  means  an  attendant,  or 
p  irl  of  her  dress ;  but  from  Part  III.,  Canto  II.,  line  399,  it  is  plain  tkat 
It  signifies  the  former. 


'I4C  HUDIBEAS.  "PABT    IL 

For  aa  he  sat  upon  his  rump,  105 

His  head  like  one  in  doleful  dump,' 

Between  his  knees,  his  hands  applied 

Unto  his  ears  on  either  side. 

And  by  him,  in  another  hole. 

Afflicted  Ealpho,  cheek  by  joul,"  lit 

She  came  upon  him  in  his  wooden 

Magician's  circle,  on  the  sudden, 

As  spirits  do  t'  a  conjurer. 

When  in  their  dreadful' st  shapes  th'  appear. 

No  sooner  did  the  Knight  perceive  her,  115 

But  straight  he  fell  into  a  fever, 
Inflam'd  aU  over  with  disgrace, 
To  b'  seen  by  her  in  such  a  place  ; 
Which  made  him  hang  his  head,  and  scowl 
And  wink  and  goggle  Uke  an  owl ;  120 

He  felt  his  brains  begin  to  swim, 
When  thus  the  Dame  accosted  him  : 

This  place,  quoth  she,  they  say's  enchanted, 
And  with  delinquent  spirits  haunted  ; 
That  here  are  tied  in  chains,  and  scourg'd,  125 

Until  their  gudty  crimes  be  purg'd  : 
Look,  there  are  two  of  them  appear 
Like  persons  I  have  seen  somewhere : 
Some  have  mistaken  blocks  and  posts 
For  spectres,  apparitions,  ghosts,  130 

With  saucer-eyes  and  horns  ;  and  some 
Have  heard  the  devil  beat  a  drum  :  ' 
But  if  our  eyes  are  not  false  glasses. 
That  give  a  wrong  account  of  faces, 
That  beard  and  I  should  be  acquainted,  1S5 

,  Before  'twas  conjur'd  and  enchanted. 

For  though  it  be  disfigur'd  somewhat, 
As  if 't  had  lately  been  in  combat, 

'  See  above,  Part  I.,  Canto  II.,  line  95,  and  note. 

2  That  is,  cheek  to  cheek  .  derived  from  two  Anglo-Saxon  words,  ceac, 
»nd  ceole.     Seej'i^  by  jowl  in  'Wright's  Glossary. 

3  The  story  of  Mr  Mompesson's  house  being  haunted  by  a  drummer, 
made  a  great  noise  about  the  time  our  author  wrote.  The  narrative  is  tola 
in  Glanvil  on  Witchcraft. 


CA.JJTO  1.]  hudiubas  141 

It  (lid  belong  t'  a  worthy  Knight, 

Howe'er  this  gobliu  isi  come  by't.  110 

AVheu  Kudibras  the  lady  heard, 
Discoursing  thus  upon  his  beard.' 
And  speak  with  such  respect  and  honour, 
Both  of  the  beard  and  tlie  beard's  owuer,^ 
He  thought  it  best  to  set  as  good  146 

A  I'ace  upon  it  as  he  could, 
And  tlnis  he  spoke :  Lady,  your  bright 
And  radiant  eyes  are  in  the  right  ; 
The  beard's  th'  identique  beard  you  knew. 
The  same  numerically  true :  ISO 

Nor  is  it  worn  by  fiend  or  elf, 
But  its  proprietor  himself. 

O  heavens  !  quoth  she,  can  that  be  true  ? 
I  do  begin  to  fear  'tis  you ; 

Xot  by  your  individual  whiskers,  165 

But  by  you  dialect  and  discourse. 
That  never  spoke  to  man  or  beast, 
In  notions  vulgarly  exprest : 
But  what  malignant  star,  alas  ! 
Has  brought  you  both  to  this  sad  pass  ?  160 

Quoth  he.  The  fortune  of  the  war, 
"Which  I  am  less  aiilicted  for, 

'  Var.  To  take  kind  notice  of  his  beard.  The  elcrgj  in  the  middle  ages 
threatened  to  excommunicate  the  Kniirhts  who  persisted  in  wearing  their 
beards,  because  their  clipped  chins,  "  like  stubble  land  at  harvest  home," 
made  them  digajfreeable  to  their  ladies. 

'  See  the  uignity  of  the  beard  maintained  by  Dr  Bulwer  in  his  Artificial 
Changalini;,  p.  196.  He  say.s,  shaving  the  chin  is  justly  to  be  accounted  t 
note  of  etifeminacy,  as  appears  by  eunuchs,  who  produce  not  a  beard,  the 
si^n  of  virility.  Alexander  and  his  ofHcers  did  not  shave  their  beards  till 
they  were  etfeminatcd  by  I'ersian  luxury.  It  wa.s  late  before  barbers  were 
in  request  at  Rome :  they  first  came  from  Sicily  454  years  after  the  founda- 
tion of  Rome.  Varro  ttjlls  u.s,  thev  were  introduced  bv  Ticinius  Mena. 
Scipio  .\fricanus  was  the  first  who  shaved  his  face  every  day  :  the  emperor 
Augustus  used  this  practice.  See  Pliny's  Nat.  Hist.  b.  vii.  c.  56.  Di- 
ozeues,  sccinjr  one  with  a  smootL-shaved  chin,  said  to  him,  "  Hast  thou 
whereof  to  accuse  nature  for  making  thee  a  man  and  not  a  woman  .y — 
The  Rhodians  and  Byzantines,  contrary  to  thepracticeof  modern  Russians, 
pcr-istcd  against  their  laws  and  edicts  in  shanng  and  the  use  of  the  razor, 
—  rimns,  in  his  de  fine  harhir  humaiKT,  is  of  opiniim  that  nature  gave  to 
mankind  a  heard,  that  it  might  remain  as  an  index  of  the  masculina 
gv ill  rative  faculty. — Beard-haters  ara  by  Barclay  clapped  on  board  Ihi 
ihip  of  fooU. 


142  HTJDIBEAS.  [PAET   II 

Than  to  be  seen  with  beard  and  face 
By  you  in  such  a  homely  case  ' 

Quoth  she,  Those  need  not  be  asham'J  183 

For  being  honourably  maim'd  ; 
If  he  that  is  in  battle  conquer'd 
Have  any  title  to  his  own  beard, 
Tho'  yours  be  sorely  lugg'd  and  torn, 
It  does  your  visage  more  adorn  170 

Than  if 'twere  prun'd,  and  starch'd,  and  lander'd,* 
And  cut  square  by  the  Russian  standard.^ 
A  torn  beard's  like  a  tatter'd  ensign, 
That's  bravest  which  there  are  most  rents  in. 
That  petticoat,  about  your  shoulders,  175 

Does  not  so  well  become  a  soldier's  ; 
And  I'm  afraid  they  are  worse  handled, 
Altho'  i'  th'  rear  your  beard  the  van  led  ;  * 
And  those  uneasy  bruises  make 
My  heart  for  company  to  ache,  180 

To  see  so  worshipful  a  friend 
I'  th'  pillory  set,  at  the  wrong  end. 

Quoth  Hudibras,  This  thing  call'd  pain,' 
Is,  as  the  learned  Stoics  maintain, 
Not  bad  simpUclter,  nor  good,  185 

But  merely  as  'tis  understood. 

'   Var.  "Elenctique  case,"  in  the  first  editions. 

^  From  the  French  word  lavendier,  a  w.asher.     Wright's  Glossary. 

'  Peter  the  Great  of  Russia  had  great  difficulty  in  obliging  his  subjects 
to  cut  off  their  beards,  and  imposed  a  tax  on  them  according  to  a  given 
standard.  The  beaux  in  the  reigns  of  James  I.  and  Cliarles  I.  spent  as 
much  time  in  dressing  their  beards  as  modern  beaux  do  in  dressing  their 
hair ;  and  many  kept  a  person  to  read  to  him  while  the  operation  was 
performing.  See  John  Taylor,  the  water  poet's  Superbits  Flagellum 
(Works,  p.  3),  for  a  droll  account  of  the  fashions  of  the  beard  in  his  time. 
Bottom,  the  weaver,  was  a  connoisseur  in  beards  (Mids.  Night's  Dream, 
Act  i.  sc.  2). 

*  The  van  is  the  front  or  fore  part  of  an  army,  and  commonly  the  post 
of  danger  and  honour;  the  rear  the  hinder  part.  So  that  making  a 
front  in  the  rear  must  be  retreating  from  the  enemy.  By  this  comical  ex- 
pression the  lady  signifies  that  he  turned  tail  on  them,  by  which  means  his 
shoulders  fared  worse  than  his  beard. 

5  Some  tenets  of  the  Stoic  philosophers  are  here  burlesqued  with  great 
humour. 


OAHTO   I.]  HXIDIBBA8.  143 

Sense  is  deceitful,  and  may  feign 

As  well  in  eountorfeitin<;  pain 

As  otlior  gross  plionomenas, 

In  wli  it'll  it  oft  niistakos  tlie  case.  190 

lint  since  th'  iuiniortal  intellect, 

That's  free  from  error  and  defect, 

AVhose  objects  still  persist  the  same. 

Is  free  from  outward  bruise  or  maim, 

"Which  nought  external  can  expose  19S 

To  gross  material  bangs  or  blows. 

It  follows  we  can  ne'er  be  sure 

"Whether  we  pain  or  not  endure  ; 

And  just  so  far  are  sore  and  griev'd, 

As  by  the  fancy  is  believ'd.  200 

Some  have  been  wounded  with  conceit, 

And  died  of  mere  opinion  straight ; ' 

Others,  tho'  wounded  sore,  in  reason 

Felt  no  contusion,  nor  discretion.^ 

A  Saxon  Duke  did  grow  so  fat,  205 

That  mice,  as  histories  relate. 

Ate  grots  and  labyrinths  to  dwell  in 

His  postique  parts,  without  his  feeling  ;' 

Then  how  is't  possible  a  kick 

Should  e'er  reach  that  way  to  the  quick  ?  210 

Quoth  she,  I  grant  it  is  in  vain, 
For  one  that's  basted  to  feel  pain ; 

•  That  is,  died  of  fear.  Several  stories  to  this  eficct  arc  upon  record;  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  is  the  case  of  the  Chevalier  Jarre,  "  who  was  upon 
the  scaffohl  at  Troves,  had  his  hair  cut  olf,  the  hamlkenhief  hefiire  his  eyes, 
and  the  sword  in  the  executioner's  hand  to  out  off  his  luad;  hut  the  kinj^ 
pardoned  him :  being  t:iken  up,  his  fear  had  so  taken  hoUl  of  him,  that  he 
could  not  stand  or  speak  :  they  h>d  him  to  bed,  and  opened  a  rein,  but  no 
blood  would  come."     Lord  StralTord's  Letters,  vol.  i.  p.  166. 

'  According  to  the  punetuatif)n,  it  sipjnifies,  others,  though  really  and 
lorely  wounded  (sec  the  Lady's  Reply,  Hue  211),  filt  no  bruise  or  cut:  but 
if  we  put  a  semicohm  after  sore,  and  no  stop  after  reason,  tho  meaning 
may  be,  others,  though  wounded  sore  in  hodv,  yet  in  niiud  or  imagination 
felt  no  bruise  or  cut.     Discretion  here  signifies  a  cut,  or  soparati.m  of  parts. 

'  He  argues  from  this  storv,  that  if  a  man  could  be  so  gnawed  and  man- 

fled  without  foiling  it.  a  kick  in  the  same  place  wouM  not  inflict  much 
urt.  The  note  in  tlie  old  editions,  attributed  to  liulkr  himself,  cites 
the  Rhine  legend  of  I!i>hop  Uatto,  "  who  was  quite  catcu  up  by  rats  and 
mice,"  as  much  more  strange. 


141  HUDTBBAS.  [PART   II. 

Because  the  pangs  tis  bones  endure, 

Contribute  nothing  to  the  cure  ; 

Tet  honour  hurt,  is  wont  to  rage  21 S 

With  pain  no  med'cine  can  assuage. 

Quoth  he,  That  honour's  very  squeamish 
That  takes  a  basting  for  a  blemish  : 
For  what's  more  honourable  tlian  scars, 
Or  skin  to  tatters  rent  in  wars  ?  220 

Some  have  been  beaten  till  they  know 
"What  wood  a  cudgel's  of  by  th'  blow  ; 
Some  kick'd,  until  tliey  can  feel  whether 
A  shoe  be  Spanish  or  neat's  leather : 
And  yet  have  met,  after  long  running,  226 

"With  some  whom  they  have  taught  that  cunning. 
The  furthest  way  about,  t'  o'ercome, 
I'  th'  end  does  prove  the  nearest  home. 
Hy  laws  of  learned  duellists, 

They  that  are  bruis'd  with  wood  or  fists,  230 

And  think  one  beating  may  for  once 
Suffice,  are  cowards  and  poltroons : 
But  if  they  dare  engage  t'  a  second. 
They're  stout  and  gallant  fellows  reckon'd. 

Th'  old  Komans  freedom  did  bestow,  235 

Our  priuces  worship,  with  a  blow : ' 
King  Pyrrhus  cur'd  his  splenetic 
And  testy  courtiers  with  a  kick.' 
The  Negus,'  when  some  mighty  lord 
Or  potentate's  to  be  restor'd,  2i>) 

'  One  form  of  declaring  a  slave  free,  at  Rome,  was  for  the  prrefor,  in  the 
presence  ot  certain  persons,  to  give  the  slave  a  light  stroke  witli  a  small 
stick,  from  its  use  called  vindicta.  See  Horat.  Sat.  ii.  7,  75,  and  Persins, 
V.  S8.  Sometimes  freedom  was  given  by  an  alapa^  or  blow  with  the  opcD 
hand  upon  the  face  or  head.     Pers.  v.  75,  78. 

'  Pyrrhus,  king  of  Epirus,  had  this  occult  quality  in  his  toe.  It  was 
believed  he  could  cure  the  spleen  by  sacrificing  a  white  cock,  and  with 
his  right  foot  gently  pressing  the  spleen  of  the  person  affected.  Nor 
was  any  man  so  poor  and  inconsiderable  as  not  to  receive  the  benefit  of  his 
royal  touch,  if  he  desired  it.  The  toe  of  that  foot  was  said  to  have  so 
divine  a  virtue,  that  after  his  death,  the  rest  of  his  body  being  consumed, 
it  was  found  vintouchcd  by  the  fire.  See  Plutarch,  Lile  of  PyiThus,  and 
Pliny's  Nat.  Hist.  vol.  ii.  p.  128  (Bohn). 

•  Negus  was  the  title  of  the  king  of  Abyssinia. 


CASTO    r.J  HUDIBEA9.  14s 

And  pardon'd  for  some  great  offence,' 

With  which  he's  willing  to  dispense, 

First  has  him  laid  upon  his  belly, 

Then  beaten  back  and  side  t'  a  jelly  ;* 

That  done,  he  rises,  humbly  bows,  24i 

And  gives  thanks  for  the  princely  blows  ; 

Departs  not  meanly  proud,  and  boasting 

Of  his  magniKcent  rib-roasting. 

The  beaten  soldier  proves  most  manful, 

That,  like  his  sword,  endures  the  anvil,  950 

And  justly 's  held  more  formidable, 

The  more  his  valour's  malleable : 

But  he  that  fears  a  bastinado, 

Will  run  away  from  his  own  shadow  ;  ^ 

And  though  I'm  now  in  durance  fast,  SSfi 

By  our  own  party  basely  cast,'' 

Eansom,  exchange,  parole,  refus'd. 

And  worse  than  by  the  en'my  ua'd  ; 

In  close  catasla  ■''  shut,  past  hope 

Of  wit  or  valour  to  elope  ;  2fO 

As  beards,  the  nearer  that  they  tend 

To  th'  earth,  still  grow  more  reverend; 

And  cannons  shoot  the  higher  pitches. 

The  lower  we  let  down  their  breeches  f 

I'll  make  this  low  dejected  fate  263 

Advance  mc  to  a  greater  height. 

Quoth  she,  Y'  have  almost  made  m'  iu  love 
With  that  which  did  my  pity  move. 

'  In  the  editions  of  1684,  this  and  the  following  line  read  thus : 
"  To  his  pood  grace,  for  some  offence 
Forfeit  Defore,  and  pardon'd  since." 

'  This  stor)'  i.s  told  in  Le  Blanc's  Travels,  Part  ii.  ch.  4. 

'  The  fury  of  Bucephalus  proceeded  from  the  fear  of  bis  own  shadow. 
Bee  Rah<lnis,  vol.  i.  c.  14. 

'  This  was  the  chief  complaint  of  the  Presbyterians  and  Parliamentarj 
party,  when  the  Independents  and  the  army  ousted  them  from  their  mis- 
used supremacy  ;  and  it  led  to  their  negotiations  with  the  King,  thi  ir 
•spousal  of  the  cause  of  his  son,  and  ultimately  to  bis  restoration  as  Chirie* 
»he  Second. 

'  A  cage  or  prison  wherein  the  Romans  exposed  slaves  for  sale.  S«* 
Persia-,  vi.  76. 

*  See  note  *,  p.  39,  tupra. 

1 


146  HUDIBEA.S.  [part    II. 

Great  wits  and  vaioura,  like  great  states, 

Do  sometLmea  sink  with  their  own  weights  : '  270 

Th'  extremes  of  glory  and  of  shame, 

Like  east  and  west,  become  the  same.' 

No  Indian  Prince  has  to  his  palace 

More  followers  than  a  thief  to  the  gallows. 

But  if  a  beating  seems  so  brave,  275 

What  glories  must  a  whipping  have  ? 

Such  great  achievements  cannot  fail 

To  cast  salt  on  a  woman's  tail :  * 

For  if  I  thought  your  nat'ral  talent 

Of  passive  courage  were  so  gallant,  280 

As  you  strain  hard  to  have  it  thought, 

I  could  grow  amorous,  and  dote. 

When  Hudibras  this  language  heard, 
He  prick' d  up's  ears,  and  strok'd  his  beard ; 
Thought  he,  this  is  the  lucky  hour,  285 

Wines  work  when  vines  are  in  the  flower :  * 
This  crisis  then  I'll  set  my  rest  on,* 
And  put  her  boldly  to  the  question. 

Madam,  What  you  would  seem  to  doubt 
Shall  be  to  all  the  world  made  out,  290 

How  I've  been  drubb'd,  and  vrith  what  spirit 
And  magnanimity  I  bear  it ; 
And  if  you  doubt  it  to  be  true, 
I'll  stake  myself  down  against  you : 
And  if  I  fail  in  love  or  troth,  295 

Be  you  the  winner,  and  take  both. 

>  Thus  Horace  (Ep.  xvi.)  said  that  Rome  was  falling  through  the  excess 
of  its  power. 

»  That  is,  glory  and  shame,  which  though  opposite  as  east  and  west, 
sometimes  hecome  the  same  ;  exemplifying  the  proverb  :   "  Extremes  meet." 

3  Alluding  to  the  common  saying  : — You  wiU  catch  the  bird  if  you  throw 
salt  on  his  tail.  . 

«  A  proverbial  expression  for  the  fairest  and  best  opportunitv  of  doino 
anything.  It  was  the  common  belief  of  brewers,  distillers  of  gin,  ana 
vinegar-makers,  that  their  liquors  fermented  best  when  the  plants  used  in 
them  were  in  flower.  (See  Sir  Kenelm  Digby's  "  Discourse  concerning  the 
Cure  of  "Wounds  by  Sympathy,"  p.  79.)  Hudibras  compares  himself  to  the 
vine  in  flower,  for  he  thinks  he  has  set  the  widow  fermenting. 

»  Crisis  is  used  here  in  the  classical  sense  or  •■judgment"  or  "  decision 
•f  a  questicu." 


C1.KT0   I.J  HUDIBKAS.  147 

Quoth  she,  I've  heard  old  cunning  stagers 
Say,  fools  for  arguments  use  wagers. 
And  though  I  prais'd  your  valour,  yet 
I  did  not  mean  to  baulk  your  wit.  "  3uo 

Which,  if  you  have,  you  iiiust  needs  know 
What,  I  have  told  you  before  now, 
And  you  by  experiment  have  prov'd, 
I  cannot  love  where  I'm  belov'd. 

Quoth  Hudibras,  'Tis  a  caprich  '  305 

Beyond  the  infliction  of  a  witch  ; 
So  cheats  to  play  with  those  still  aim, 
That  do  not  understand  the  game. 
Love  in  your  heart  as  idly  burns 

As  fire  in  antique  Eoman"  urns,^  310 

To  warm  the  dead,  and  vainly  light 
Those  only  that  see  nothing  by  't. 
Have  you  not  power  to  entertain, 
And  render  love  for  love  again  ? 

As  no  man  can  draw  in  his  breath  315 

At  once,  and  force  out  air  beneath. 
Or  do  you  love  yourself  so  much 
To  bear  all  rivals  else  a  grutch  ? 
What  fate  can  lay  a  greater  curse, 
Thau  you  upon  yourself  would  force  ,  320 

For  wedlock  without  love,  some  say,* 
Is  but  a  lock  without  a  key. 
It  is  a  kind  of  rape  to  marry 
One  that  neglects,  or  cares  not  for  ye : 

>  Caprice  is  here  pronounced  in  the  manner  of  the  Italian  capriccio 
...  „':'"''"n'"^  V"-"!^  *™'*  coBfcniing  llicse  lamps ;  anil  from  him  liishon 
\\  ilkins  quotes  largely  in  his  Malh.-matii-al  Mcm.iirs.  In  Camden's  iJt- 
•cnntionof  \orkshm'.  a  lamp  is  said  to  have  heen  found  buruinir  in  the 
t"i,  "f  £'•"?"'"""'  <''l'"™»-  Tl'f  ''"nr  of  the  lamp,  in  the  sepulchre  of 
Tulha,  tbc  daughter  of  Cicero,  which  was  supposed  to  have  burnt  above 
15.^0  years,  is  told  by  I'anciroUus  and  others.  These  so-called  perpetual 
ami»  of  the  aiuients  were  probably  the  spontaneous  or  accidental  com- 
hustionof  inHammahle  pases  generated  in  close  .sepulchres;  or  the  pho^ 
phoreacencc  exhibited  by  animal  substances  in  a  state  of  decomposition. 

'  Thus  Shakspeare,  1  Uenry  VI.  Act  v.  sc.  5. 

"  For  what  is  wedlock  forced,  hut  a  hell, 
An  igc  of  discord  and  continual  strile  f" 
L  2 


148 


HUDIBBAS.  [part    H 


Por  what  does  make  it  raviahment  3*^ 

But  b'ing  against  the  mind's  consent  ? 

A  rape  that  is  the  more  inhuman, 

For  being  acted  by  a  woman. 

Why  are  you  fair,  but  to  entice  us 

To  love  you,  that  you  may  despise  us  ?  330 

But  though  you  cannot  love,  you  say, 

Out  of  your  own  fantastic  way,' 

Why  should  you  not,  at  least,  allow 

Those  that  love  you,  to  do  so  too  : 

For  as  you  fly  me,  and  pursue  333 

Love  more  averse,  so  I  do  you : 

And  am,  by  your  own  doctrine,  taught 

To  practise  what  you  call  a  fault. 

Quoth  she.  If  what  you  say  be  true, 
You  must  fly  me,  as  I  do  you ; 
But  'tis  not  what  we  do,  but  say ,2 
In  love,  and  preaching,  that  must  sway. 
Quoth  he,  To  bid  me  not  to  love, 

Is  to  forbid  my  pulse  to  move, 

My  beard  to  grow,  my  ears  to  prick  up, 

Or,  when  I'm  in  a  fit,  to  hickup  : 

Command  me  to  piss  out  the  moon, 

And   'twill  as  easily  be  done. 

Love's  power's  too  great  to  be  withstood 

By  feeble  human  flesh  and  blood. 

•Twas  he  that  brought  upon  his  knees 

The  hect'ring  kiU-cow  Hercules  ;  ^ 

Eeduc'd  his  leaguer-lion's  skLn<_ 

T*  a  petticoat,  and  make  him  spin  : 

I  This  is  Grey's  emendation  for  "  fanatick,"  which  Butler's  editions 
have  and  H  certlinly  agrees  with  what  the  widow  sa«  afterwards  in  Ime 
545  M6      But  "  fanatic  "  signifies  "  fantastic  in  the  highest  degree,'   and 

''f^^7t::,^t  I  do;"  is  said  to  have  heen  the  very  raUonal 
recommendation  of  a  preacher  whose  teaching  was  more  correct  than  h,3 

•"Tltl;  of  the  essence  of  burlesque  poetry  to  turn  !?>'»  ^'f[^"'';;;<'.!'^^; 
gends  as  the  labours  of  Hercules  ;  and  the  common  epithet  kiU-cow  was 
exactly  adapted  to  the  character  of  these  exploits. 

*  leatuer  was  a  camp-  and  " leaguer-liou's  skin"  is  no  more  than  the 
costume^of  Herc^esZ'warrior,  af  contrasted  with  Omphale's  petticoat, 
ZZul  of  Hercules  the  lover.     (See  Skinner,  «.4  roce  Leaguer.) 


340 


346 


350 


CANTO   I.]  HUDIBBAS.  149 

Seiz'd  on  his  club,  and  made  it  dwindle  •  36fi 

T'  a  feeble  distaff,  and  a  spindle. 

'Twas  lie  made  emperors  gallants 

To  their  own  sisters  and  their  aunts  ; ' 

Set  popes  and  cardinals  agog, 

To  play  with  pages  at  leap-frog  ;'  360 

'T  was  he  that  gave  our  senate  purges, 

And  flux'd  the  house  of  many  a  burgess  ;  * 

^fade  those  that  represent  the  nation 

Submit,  and  sutler  amputation  : 

And  all  the  grandees  o'  th'  cabal,  365 

Adjourn  to  tubs,  at  spring  and  fall. 

He  mounted  synod-men,  and  rode  'em 

To  Dirty-lane  and  Little  Sodom  ; ' 

Made  'em  curvet,  like  Spanish  genneta, 

And  take  the  ring  at  Madam .*  370 

'Twas  he  that  made  Saint  Francis  do 
More  than  the  devil  could  tempt  him  to  ;' 

'  See  Ovid's  Epistle  of  Dejanira  to  Hercules.    (Bohn's  Ovid.  vol.  iii.  p. 

»  See  Suetonius,  Tacitus,  and  other  historians  of  the  Roman  Empire. 

'  The  name  of  Alexander  Borgia  (Pope  Alexander  VI.)  continues  to  be 
the  synonyme  for  the  unspc.ikablc  abominations  of  the  Tapal  Court,  in  the 
times  that  were  not  long  pa.^it  when  Butler  wrote. 

*  This  alludes  to  the  exclusion  of  the  opponents  of  the  army  from  the 
Parliament,  called  "  Pride's  Purge." 

'  Dirty-lane  was  not  an  unfrcquent  name  for  a  place  like  that  referred 
to ;  Maitland  names  five,  in  his  time.  One  was  in  Old  Palace  Yard,  and 
may  have  been  meant  by  Butler.  Little  Sodom  was  near  the  Tower,  on  the 
site  now  occupied  by  St  Catharine's  Docks.  These  and  other  charges 
brought  against  the  Puritan  and  Parliamentary  leaders,  will  be  found  in 
Kchard's  History  of  England,  and  Walker's  History  of  Independency. 
CroKwell,  when  he  eipilled  the  Long  Parliament,  himself  called  Martyn 
and  Went  'orth,  "  w  horcmasters." 

•  Sir  Koger  I'Estrange's  "  Key"  fills  up  the  blank  with  the  name  of 
"  Stennct,"  the  wife  of  a  "broom-man  "  and  lay-elder;  and  the  same 
name  is  given  in  our  contemporary  MS.  She  is  said  to  have  fol- 
l.iwed  "  the  laudable  employment  of  bawding,  and  managed  several  in- 
Irigufs  for  those  brothers  and  sisters,  whose  piety  consisted  chiefly  in  the 
whiteness  of  their  linen."  The  Taller  mentions  a  lady  of  this  stamp,  called 
Ilcnnct. 

'  In  the  Life  of  St  Francis,  we  are  told  that,  being  tempted  by  the 
devil  in  the  shape  of  a  virgin,  he  subdued  his  passion  by  rolling  bimseU 
aakrd  in  the  snow. 


150  HtTDIBEAS.  [r*ST  IT. 

In  cold  and  frosty  weather  grow 

Enamour'd  of  a  wife  of  snow  ; 

And  though  she  were  of  rigid  temper,  375 

With  melting  flames  accost  and  tempt  her : 

Which  after  in  enjoyment  quenching, 

He  hung  a  garland  on  his  engine.' 

Quoth  she.  If  love  have  these  effects, 
Why  is  it  not  forbid  our  sex  ?  380 

Why  is  't  not  damn'd,  and  interdicted, 
Por  diabolical  and  wicked  ? 
And  sung,  as  out  of  tune,  against. 
As  Turk  and  Pope  are  by  the  saints  ?  ' 
I  find,  I've  greater  reason  for  it,  385 

Than  I  believ'd  before  t'  abhor  it. 

Quoth  Hudibras,  These  sad  eifects 
Spring  from  your  heathenish  neglects 
Of  love's  great  pow'r,  which  he  returns 
Upon  yourselves  with  equal  scorns  ;  390 

And  those  who  worthy  lovers  slight, 
Plagues  with  prepost'rous  appetite  ; 
This  made  the  beauteous  queen  of  Crete 
To  take  a  town-bull  for  her  sweet ;  ' 
And  from  her  greatness  stoop  so  low,  395 

To  be  the  rival  of  a  cow. 
Others,  to  prostitute  their  great  hearts, 
To  be  baboons'  and  monkeys'  sweet-hearts.* 
Some  with  the  devQ  himself  in  league  grow, 
By's  representative  a  negro  ; '  400 

'  In  the  history  of  Howell's  Life  of  Lewis  XIII.  p.  80,  it  is  said  that 
the  French  horsemen,  who  were  killed  at  the  Isle  of  Rhe,  had  their  mis- 
tresses' favours  tied  about  their  engines 

*  Perhaps  alludiug  to  Robert  Wisdom's  hymn  : 

"  Preserve  us,  Lord,  by  thy  dear  word — 
From  Turk  and  Pope,  defend  us,  Lord." 
'  Pasiphae,  the  wife  of  Minos,  of  Crete,  according  to  the  myth,  fell  in 
love  with  a  bull,  and  brought  him  a  son. 

*  Old  books  of  Natural  History  contain  many  stories  of  the  "  abduction  " 
of  women  by  the  Mandrill,  and  other  great  kinds  of  ape.  And  fouler 
tales  than  these  were  circulated  after  the  Restoration,  against  the  Puritans. 

'  Such  an  amour  forms  the  plot  of  Titus  Andronicus,  a  play  which 
Shakspeare  revised  for  the  stage,  and  which  has  in  consequence  been 
wrongly  ascribed  to  him. 


CANTO   I.]  HUDIBBA8.  151 

*T\v.is  this  made  vestal  maids  love-sick, 

And  venture  to  be  buried  quick.' 

Some,  b}-  their  fathers  and  their  brothers,* 

To  be  made  mistresses,  and  mothers ; ' 

'Tis  this  that  proudest  dames  enamours  105 

Ou  lacqueys,  and  carle/s-des-chamlircs  ;  * 

Their  hauu;lity  stomachs  overcomes, 

And  makes  'em  stoop  to  dirty  grooms, 

To  slight  the  world,  and  to  disparage 

Claps,  issue,  intamy,  and  marriage.*  410 

Quoth  she,  These  judgments  are  severe, 
Tet  such  as  I  should  rather  bear, 
Than  trust  men  with  their  oaths,  or  prove 
Their  faith  and  secrecy  in  love. 

Says  he.  There  is  a  weighty  reason  4lS 

For  secrecy  in  love  as  treason. 
Love  is  a  burglarer,  a  felon, 
That  in  the  windore-eye  *  does  steal  in 
To  rob  the  heart,  and,  with  his  prey, 
Steals  out  again  a  closer  way,  *3" 

Which  whosoever  can  discover. 
He's  sure,  as  he  deserves,  to  suffer. 
Love  is  a  fire,  that  burns  and  sparkles 
In  men,  as  naturally  as  in  charcoals. 
Which  sooty  chemists  stop  in  hok^s,  i2S 

When  out  of  wood  they  extract  coals  ; ' 
So  lovers  should  their  passions  choke. 
That  tho'  they  burn,  they  may  not  siiijke. 

'  By  the  Roman  law  vestal  virgins,  who  brnkt^  their  vow  of  chastity,  wi'ie 
huricd  alive.  Sec  the  story  of  Myrrha  in  Ovid.  Metam.  (liohn's  Oviil'a 
M.  p.  359).  . 

-  The  marriajrc  of  brothers  and  sisters  wa^  common  amongst  royal  fami- 
lies in  Epvpt  and  the  Kast. 

'  Prob.-ihlv  alluJins  to  I.ucretia  Borgia,  daughter  of  Pope  Alexander  \  I. 
whom  Roscoc  (Loo  X.  .^pp.)  has  attempted  to  defend  against  these  charges 

«  Varlet  is  the  old  form  of  valel.     Thus  knave,  which  now  signifies 
cheat,  formerly  meant  no  more  than  a  servant. 

*  That  i.s,  to  be  indifferent  to  the  consequences  of  illicit  amours ;  the  ab- 
sence of  marri.age  and  ligitiniate  otfrpring  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  ac- 
quisition of  claps, and  infamv  on  the  other. 

'  Thus  spolfftl  all  editions  before  1700  for  "window,"  and  perhap? 
most  agrceanly  to  the  etymology.     See  Skinner. 

'  Charcoal  is  made  by  hnming  wood  under  a  cover  of  turf  and  ill3U.il, 
which  keeps  it  from  bUzuig 


152  HUSIBBAS.  [PABT   II. 

'Tig  like  that  sturdy  thief  that  stole, 

And  dragg'd  beasts  backward  into's  hole  ;  •  430 

So  love  does  lovers,  and  us  men 

Draws  by  the  tails  into  his  den. 

That  no  impression  may  discover, 

And  trace  t'  his  cave,  the  wary  lover. 

But  if  you  doubt  I  should  reveal  435 

What  you  intrust  me  under  seal," 

I'U  prove  myself  as  close  and  virtuous 

As  your  own  secretary,  Albertus.^ 

Quoth  she,  I  grant  you  may  be  close 
In  hiding  what  your  aims  propose :  440 

Love-passions  are  like  parables, 
By  which  men  still  mean  something  else : 
Tho'  love  be  all  the  world's  pretence, 
Money's  the  mythologic  sense,* 

The  real  substance  of  the  shadow,  445 

Which  all  address  and  courtship's  made  to. 

Thought  he,  I  understand  your  play, 
And  how  to  quit  you  your  own  way  ; 
He  that  wiU  win  his  dame,  must  do 
As  Love  does,  when  he  bends  his  bow ;  450 

With  one  hand  thrust  the  lady  from, 
And  with  the  other  puU  her  home.* 
I  grant,  quoth  he,  wealth  is  a  great 
Provocative  to  am'rous  heat : 

>  Cacus,  the  noted  robber,  when  he  had  stolen  cattle,  drew  them  back- 
ward by  their  tails  into  his  den,  lest  their  tracks  should  lead  to  the  disco- 
Teryofthem.  See  VirgU,  ^neid.  viii.  205.  Also  Addison's  Works  (Bohn), 
T.  220. 

^  There  is,  no  doubt,  an  allusion  here  to  the  obligation  of  secrecy,  on  the 
part  of  the  confessor,  respecting  the  confession  of  penitents,  except  in  the 
case  of  crimes ;  which  was  also  enjoined  upon  ministers  of  the  English 
Church,  by  the  113th  Canon  of  1603. 

2  Albertus  Magnus,  Bp  of  Eatisbun  about  1260,  wrote  a  book,  De  Secrctis 
Mulierum;  whence  the  poet  facetiously  calls  him  woman's  secretary. 

*  Grey  says  this  is  illustrated  in  the  story  of  Inkle  and  Yarico.  Specta- 
.or,  XI. 

5  The  Harleian  Miscellany,  vol.  vi.  p.  530,  describes  an  interview  bs- 
tween  Perkin  Warbeck  and  Lady  Katharine  Gordon,  which  illustrates  this 
lind  of  dalliance.  "  With  a  kmd  of  reverence  and  fashionable  gesture, 
after  he  had  kissed  her  thrice,  he  took  her  in  both  his  hands,  crosswise,  and 
gazed  upon  her,  with  a  kind  of  putting  her  from  him  and  pulling  her  Ki 


CASrO   1.]  HTTDIBBAS.  153 

It  is  all  philti-es  and  high  diet,  155 

That  niakea  love  rampant,  and  to  fly  out  : 

'Tis  beauty  always  in  the  flower, 

That  buds  and  blossoms  at  fourscore  : 

'Tis  that  by  which  the  sun  and  moon. 

At  their  owu  weapons  are  outdone :  '  460 

That  makes  knights-errant  tall  in  trances, 

And  lay  about  'em  in  romances : 

'Tis  virtue,  wit,  and  worth,  and  all 

That  men  divine  and  sacred  call : 

For  what  is  worth  in  anything,  405 

But  so  much  money  as  'twill  bring  ? 

Or  what  but  riches  is  there  known, 

Which  man  can  solely  call  his  own ; 

In  which  no  creature  goes  his  halt", 

L  nless  it  be  to  squint  and  laugh  ?  470 

I  do  conless,  with  goods  and  land,' 

I'd  have  a  wife  at  second  hand  ; 

And  such  you  are :  nor  is't  your  person 

My  stomach's  set  so  sharp  and  fierce  on ; 

But  'tis  your  better  part,  your  riches,  47i 

That  my  enamour'd  heart  "bewitches  : 

Let  me  your  fortune  but  possess. 

And  settle  your  person  how  you  please  j 

Or  make  it  o'er  in  trust  to  the  devil, 

You'll  find  me  reasonable  and  civil.  480 

Quoth  she,  I  like  this  plainness  better 
Than  false  mock-passion,  speech,  or  letter, 
Or  any  feat  of  qualm  or  sowning,' 
But  hanging  of  yourself,  or  drowning; 
Tour  only  way  with  me  to  break  485 

Tour  mind,  is  breaking  of  your  neck  : 

fcim  ;  and  so  again  and  again  re-kissed  her,  and  set  her  in  her  place,  with  a 
pretty  manner  of  enforcement." 

'  Gold  and  silver  arc  marked  by  the  sun  and  moon  in  chemistry,  as  they 
w.rc  supposed  to  be  more  immediately  under  the  influence  of  those  lumin- 
anes.  1  he  appropriation  of  the  seven  metals  known  to  the  ancients,  to  the 
leven  planets  with  which  thiv  were  acquainted,  respectively,  may  be  traced 
•8  high  as  Proclus,  in  the  fitlh  century.  The  splendour  of  gold  is  more 
refulgent  than  the  rays  of  the  sun  and  moon. 

-  Compare   the  wliolo  of  this  pas.sag©  with  Petnichio's  speech  in  th« 
Taming  of  the  Shrew,  Act  i.  sc.  2  ;  and  Grumio's  explimation  of  it. 
Alterud  to  "  swooning  "  in  the  edition  of  1700. 


164  HUDIBHAS.  [I'.VUT    II, 

For  as  wlien  merchants  break,  o'erthrown 

Like  nine-pins,  they  strike  others  down  ; 

So  that  would  break  my  heart ;  which  done, 

My  tempting  fortune  is  your  own.  49" 

These  are  but  trifles ;  every  lover 

Will  damn  himself  over  and  over, 

And  greater  matters  undertake 

For  a  less  worthy  mistress'  sake  : 

Yet  th'  are  the  only  ways  to  prove  495 

Th'  unfeign'd  realities  of  love  ; 

For  he  that  hangs,  or  beats  out's  brains, 

The  devil's  in  him  if  he  feigns. 

Quoth  Hudibras,  This  way's  too  rough 
For  mere  experiment  and  proof ;  600 

It  is  no  jesting,  trivial  matter, 
To  swing  i'  th'  air,  or  douce  in  water, ' 

And,  like  a  water-witch,  try  love ;  * 

That's  to  destroy,  and  not  to  prove : 

As  if  a  man  should  be  dissected,  505 

To  find  what  part  is  disaftected : 

Tour  better  way  is  to  make  over, 

In  trust,  your  fortune  to  your  lover :  * 

Trust  is  a  trial ;  if  it  break, 

'Tis  not  so  desp'rate  as  a  neck :  »10 

Beside,  th'  experiment's  more  certain. 

Men  venture  necks  to  gain  a  fortune  : 

The  soldier  does  it  every  day,^ 

Eight  to  the  week,  for  sis-pence  pay  :  * 

>   Var.  "  plunge  in  water,"  or  "  dive  in  water." 

2  The  common  test  for  witchcraft  was  to  throw  the  suspected  witch  into 
the  water.  If  she  swam,  she  was  judged  guilty ;  if  she  sank,  she  preserved  her 
character,  and  only  lost  her  life.  King  James,  m  his  Dccmonology  explain- 
ed the  floating  of  the  witch  by  the  refusal  of  the  element  used  in  hiiptisra  to 
receive  into  its  bosom  one  who  had  renounced  the  blessing  of  it.  The  last 
witch  swum  in  England  was  an  old  woman  in  a  village  of  Suffolk,  about 
30  years  ago.  ,  .      ,  ., 

3  Grey  compares  this  to  the  highwayman's  advice  to  a  gentleman  upon 
thsroad;  "Sir,  be  pleased  to  leave  your  watch,  your  money,  and  your 
rings  with  me.  or  by you'll  be  robbed."  . 

*  This  and  the  three  foUowing  lines  were  added  in  the  edition  of  1674. 

5  Warburton  explains  that  "  if  a  soldier  gets  only  sixpence  a  day,  and  one 
day's  pay  is  reserved  weekly  for  stoppages,  he  must  make  eight  days  to  the 
wik  before  he  will  receive  a  clear  week's  pay."    Percenmus,  the  mutrnou* 


OANTo  I.]  HtrnrBSAS.  155 

Tour  pettifottgers  damn  their  souls,  6:s 

To  share  with  knaves  in  cheating;  fools : 

And  merchants,  venturing  througii  tlie  main, ' 

Slight  pirates,  rocks,  and  horns  for  gain. 

This  is  the  way  I  advise  you  to. 

Trust  me,  and  see  what  I  wiU  do.  530 

Quoth  she,  I  should  be  loth  to  run 
Myself  all  th'  hazard,  and  you  none  ; 
Which  must  be  done,  unless  some  deed 
Of  yours  aforesaid  do  precede  ; 

Give  but  yourself  one  gentle  swing  '  62s 

For  trial,  and  I'll  cut  the  string: 
Or  give  that  rev'rend  head  a  maul, 
Or  two,  or  three,  against  a  wall ; 
To  show  you  are  a  man  of  mettle, 
And  I'll  engage  myself  to  settle.  630 

Quuth  he.  My  head's  not  made  of  brass, 
As  Friar  Bacon's  noddle  was  ;  ^ 
Nor,  like  the  Indian's  skull,  so  tough. 
That,  authors  say,  'twas  musket-proof:* 
As  it  had  need  to  be  to  enter,  635 

As  yet,  on  any  new  adventure  ; 
You  see  what  bangs  it  has  endur'd, 
That  would,  before  new  feats,  be  cur'd : 

•oldier  in  Tacitus  (Annalj  I.  c.  17),  seems  to  have  been  sensible  of  some 
inch  hardship. 

'  See  Spectator,  No.  450. 

'  Grey  surmises  from  Hudibras's  refusal  to  comply  with  this  request, 
that  he  would  by  no  moans  have  approved  an  antique  pjame  invented  by  a 
Thracian  tribe,  of  which  we  are  told  by  Martinus  Scriblerus  (book  i.  eh.  6) 
that  one  of  the  players  was  hun^  up,  and  had  a  knife  given  him  to  cut 
himself  down  witii ;  of  course,  forfeiting-  his  life  if  he  faikil. 

'  It  was  one  of  the  U-i^cnds  respecting  that  great  natural  philosopher, 
Roger  Bacon,  that  he  had  formed  a  head  of  brass,  which  uttered  these 
words,  Time  it.  Sir  Thom.is  lirowne,  in  his  Vuljar  Errors,  book  vii.  eh. 
17,  ^  7,  explains  it  as  a  kind  of  myth  regarding  "  the  philosopher's  great 
^".■■l'  "— 'l^e  making  of  gold.  In  Sir  P'rancis  i'.algrave's  "  Merchant  and 
Friar,"  it  is  no  more  than  the  extremity  of  a  tube  for  conveying  messages 
from  one  room  to  another. 

♦  Blockheads  and  loggerheads,  says  Bulwer  (Artificial  Changeling,  p.  42), 
«rc  in  request  in  Brazil,  and  helmets  are  of  little  a.se,  evcrv  one  having  a  na- 
tural morion  of  his  head  :  for  the  Brazilians'  heads,  some  of  them,  are  at 
hard  as  the  wood  that  grows  in  thctr  country,  so  that  they  cannot  b« 
broken.     See  also  Purchas's  I'ilgr.  fol.  vol.  iii.  p.  993. 


64S 


C60 


156  HrDiBEAS.  [part  II. 

But  if  that's  all  you  stand  upon, 

Here,  strike  me  luck,  it  shall  be  done.'  640 

Quoth  she,  The  matter's  not  so  far  gone 
As  you  suppose,  two  words  t'  a  bargain  ; 
That  may  be  done,  and  time  enough, 
When  you  have  given  downright  proof: 
And  yet,  'tis  no  fantastic  pique 
I  have  to  love,  nor  coy  dislike ; 
'Tis  no  implicit,  nice  aversion  * 
T'  your  conversation,  mien,  or  person : 
But,  a  just  fear,  lest  you  should  prove 
False  and  perfidious  in  love  ; 
For  if  I  thought  you  could  be  true, 
I  could  love  twice  as  much  as  you. 

Quoth  he.  My  faith,  as  adamantine 
As  chains  of  destiny,  I'll  maintaia ; 
True  as  Apollo  ever  spoke,  865 

Or  oracle  from  heart  of  oak ;  * 
And  if  you'll  give  my  flame  but  vent, 
Now  in  close  hugger-mugger  pent, 
And  shine  upon  me  but  benignly. 
With  that  one,  and  that  other  piganey,*  660 

The  sun  and  day  shall  sooner  part. 
Than  love,  or  you,  shake  off  my  heart : 
The  sun  that  shall  no  more  dispense 
His  own,  but  your  bright  influence ; 
I'll  carve  your  name  on  barks  of  trees,"  665 

With  true  love-knots,  and  flourishes  ; 

»  In  ancient  times,  when  butchers  and  country  people  made  a  bargain, 
one  of  the  parties  held  out  in  his  hand  a  piece  or  money,  which  the  other 
•truck,  and  the  bargain  was  closed.  Compare  this  "  impolite  way  of  count- 
ing" with  the  following  expression  ; — 

"  Come,  strike  me  luck  with  earnest,  and  draw  the  writings." 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher. — Scornful  Lady,  Act  ii. 

2  Implicit  signifies  secret,  not  explicit;  here  was  not  a  fanciful  aversion 
which  could  not  be  explained.    Nice  means  over-refined  or  squeamish. 

3  Jupiter's  oracle  near  Dodona,  in  Epirus ;  Apollo's  oracle  was  the  cele- 
brated one  at  Delphi. 

*  Pigsney  is  a  term  of  endearment ;  used  hei-e,  however,  of  the  eyes 
llone.  In  Pembroke's  Arcadia,  Daraetas  says  to  his  wife,  "  Miso,  mine 
own  pigsnie."  Somner  gives  piga  ( Danish),  "  a  little  maid,"  as  the  ety- 
mology of  this  word ;  which  is  a  purely  burlesque  expression. 

*  See  Don  Uuixote,  voL  i.  ch.  4,  and  vol.  iv.  ch.  73 ;  As  you  like  it, 
Acts. 


CAJCTO   I.]  niTDIBKAS.  167 

That  shall  infuse  eternal  spring, 

And  everlasting  flourishing  ; 

Drink  every  letter  on't  in  stum,' 

And  make  it  brisk  champagne  become;  570 

"Where'er  you  tread,  your  foot  shall  set 

The  primrose  and  the  violet ; 

All  spices,  perfumes,  and  sweet  powders. 

Shall  borrow  from  your  breath  their  odours ; 

Nature  her  charter  shall  renew,  675 

And  take  all  lives  of  things  from  you ; 

The  world  depend  upon  your  eye, 

And  when  you  frown  upon  it,  die. 

Only  our  loves  shall  still  survive, 

New  worlds  and  natures  to  outlive  ;  S80 

And  like  to  heralds'  moons,  remain 

All  crescents,  without  change  or  wane. 

Hold,  hold,  quoth  she,  no  more  of  this, 
SirKnight,  you  take  your  aim  amiss  ; 
For  you  will  find  it  a  hard  chapter,  68S 

To  catch  me  with  poetic  rapture, 
In  which  your  mastery  of  art 
Doth  show  itself,  and  not  your  heart ; 
Nor  will  you  raise  in  mine  combustion, 
By  dint  of  high  heroic  fustian :  690 

She  that  with  poetry  is  won, 
Is  but  a  desk  to  write  upon  ; 
And  what  men  say  of  her,  they  mean 
No  more  than  on  the  thing  they  lean. 

•  Stum  (from  the  Latin  miatum)  is  any  new,  thick,  unfcrmented  liquor. 
Uudibras  means  that  bad  wino  would  turn  into  good,  foul  muddy  wine  into 
riear  sparkling  champagne,  by  drinking  the  widow's  health  in  it.  It  waj 
a  custom  among  the  gallants  of  Butler's  time,  to  drink  a  bumper  to  their 
mistress'  health  to  every  letter  of  her  name.  The  custom  prevailed  amoLg 
the  Romans :  thus  the  well-known  epigram  of  Martial : 

Ltevia  sex  cyathis,  septcm  Justina  bibatur, 

Quinque  Lycas,  Lyde  quatuor,  Ida  tribus. 
Omnis  ab  infuso  numeretur  arnica  falcmo. — Ep.  I.  73. 

For  every  letter  drink  a  glass 

That  spells  the  name  you  fancy, 
Take  four,  if  Suky  be  your  lasi, 

And  dye,  if  it  M  Mancj. 


158  HtTDIBEAS.  [PA.BT   II 

Some  with  Arabian  spices  strive  695 

T'  embalm  her  crueUv  alive ; 

Or  season  her,  as  French  cooks  use 

Their  haut-gouls,  bouillies,  or  ragouts  ; ' 

Use  her  so  barbarously  Ul, 

To  grind  her  lips  upon  a  miU,  ^  600 

Until  the  facet  doublet  doth  * 

Fit  their  rhymes  rather  than  her  mouth ;  * 

Her  mouth  compar'd  t'  an  oyster's,  with 

A  row  of  pearl  in't,  'stead  of  teeth  ; 

Others  maiie  posies  of  her  cheeks,  605 

Where  red  and  whitest  colours  mix ; 

In  which  the  lily  and  the  rose, 

For  Indian  lake  and  ceruse  goes.* 

The  sun  and  moon,  by  her  bright  eyes, 

Eclips'd  and  darken'd  in  the  skies  ;  610 

Are  but  black  patches  that  she  wearsy 

Cut  into  suns,  and  moons,  and  stars,* 

By  which  astrologers,  as  well 

As  those  in  heav'n  above,  can  teU 

What  strange  events  they  do  foreshow,  615 

Unto  her  under-world  below.' 

*  Till  the  edition  of  1704,  this  line  stood : 

Their  haut-gusts,  buullies,  or  ragusts. 
These  things  were  "  made-dishes,"  and  were  aU   highly  flavoured,  and 
hot  with  spices. 

«  As  they  do  by  comparing  her  lipe  to  rubies,  which  are  pohshed  by  a 
mill. 

3  Facet,  a  little  face,  or  small  surface.  Diamonds  and  precious  stones 
are  ground  a  lafacette,  or  with  many  faces  or  small  surfaces,  that  they  may 
have  the  greater  lustre.  A  doublet  is  a  false  stone,  made  of  two  ery.'itals 
joined  together  with  green  or  red  cement  between  them,  in  order  to  resem- 
ble stones  of  that  colour.     Facet  doublet,  therefore,  is  a  false  stone  cut  in 

*  See  Don  Quixote,  ch.  73  and  ch.  38  ;  also  the  description  of  "a 
Whore,"  by  John  Taylor,  the  water  poet,  for  other  satires  on  this  fantastic 
habit  of  lovers. 

*  These  are  the  names  of  two  pigments,  the  former  crimson  ;  the  latter 
a  preparation  of  white  lead  and  vinegar. 

6  The  ladies  formerly  were  very  fond  of  wearing  a  great  number  of  black 
patches  on  their  faces,  often  cut  in  fantastical  shapes.  See  Bulwer's  Arti- 
ficial Changeling,  p.  2.52,  &e. ;  Spectator,  No.  50 ;  ;ind  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher's  "  Elder  Brother,"  Act  iii.  sc.  11. 

'  A  double  entendre.  This  and  the  three  preceding  lines  do  not  appeal 
in  the  editions  of  1664,  but  were  added  in  1674. 


CANTO    I.]  HTTDtHBAS.  159 

Her  voice,  tlie  music  of  the  spheres, 

So  loud,  it  deaf'e[i»  tnortal  ears  ; 

As  wise  philoso|)hers  have  thought. 

And  that's  the  cause  we  liear  it  not.'  620 

This  has  heen  done  by  some,  who  tliose 

Th'  ador'd  in  rhyme,  woukl  kick  in  prose  j 

And  in  those  ribhons  would  have  hung, 

Of  which  melodiously  they  sung." 

That  have  the  liard  fate,  to  write  best  625 

Of  those  still  that  deserve  it  least ;  * 

It  matters  not  how  false,  or  forc'd. 

So  the  best  things  be  said  o'  th'  worst ; 

It  goes  for  nothing  when  'tis  said, 

Only  the  arrow's  drawn  to  th'  head,  630 

Whether  it  be  a  swan  or  goose 

They  level  at  :  so  shepherds  use 

To  set  the  same  mark  on  the  hip. 

Both  of  tiieir  sound  and  rotten  sheep  : 

For  wits  that  carry  low  or  wide,  635 

Must  be  aim'd  higher,  or  beside 

The  mark,  which  else  they  ne'er  come  nigh, 

But  when  they  take  their  aim  awry. 

But  I  do  wonder  you  should  chuse 

This  way  t'  attack  me  with  your  muse.  fijo 

'  Pythagoras  asserted  that  this  world  is  made  according  tn  musionl  pro- 
portion ;  and  that  the  seven  planets,  betwiit  heaven  and  earth,  whi.  h  po- 
vem  the  nativities  of  mortals,  have  an  harmonious  motion,  and  render  vari- 
ous sounds,  according  to  their  several  heights,  so  consonant,  that  tlicv 
make  most  sweet  melody,  but  to  us  inaudible,  because  of  the  grcalness  of 
^e  noise,  which  the  narrow  passage  of  our  ears  is  not  capable  to  vvi-mr 
He  13  presumed  to  have  interpreted  the  passage  in  Job  literallv  ■  "  When 
the  morning  stars  sang  together,"  chap.  xxix.  7.  Stanlev's  I.ife  of  l>^- 
th^oras,  p.  39,3.  Milton  wrote  on  the  Harmony  of  the'  Splieres,  «  hi' ii 
at  Cambridge;  ami  has  some  6ne  lines  on  the  suhject,  in  his  Arcades 
and  in  his  Paradise  Lost,  v.  625,  &c.    See  Shakspeare's  Jlerchant  of  \eiiieo' 

,'  L"'"'  '•  ^"'  '''*  ""'*'  '''"l"'s''«  pas.sage  in  the  language  on  this  subject. 
-  Thus  Waller  on  a  girdle  : 

"  Give  me  but  what  this  riband  bound." 
'  Warburton  was  of  opinion  that  Hutler  alluded  to  one  of  Mr  Waller's 
poems  on  Saccharis.sa,  where  he  complains  of  her  unkindness.  Others  sup- 
pose, with  more  probability,  that  he  alludes  to  the  poet's  well-known  rcpiv 
to  the  king,  when  he  reproacbcd  him  with  having  written  b.st  in  prai.4 
of  Oliver  CromweU.  "  We  poets,"  savs  he,  "succeed  better  in  dction  than 
in  tiuth." 


ICO 


646 


HUDIBEAS.  ;PABT    n. 

As  oue  cut  out  to  pass  your  tricks  on, 

With  fulharas  of  poetic  fiction :  ' 

I  rather  hop'd  I  should  no  more 

Hear  from  you  o'  th'  gallanting  score  ; 

For  hard  dry-bastings  us'd  to  prove 

The  readiest  remedies  of  love, 

Next  a  dry  diet ;  but  if  those  fail, 

Yet  this  uneasy  loop-hol'd  jail, 

In  which  y'  are  hamper'd  by  the  fetlock, 

Cannot  but  put  y'  in  mind  of  wedlock  :  650 

Wedlock,  that's  worse  than  any  hole  liere, 

If  that  may  serve  you  for  a  cooler, 

T'  allay  your  mettle,  all  agog 

Upon  a  wife,  the  heavier  clog. 

Nor  rather  thank  your  gentler  fate,  «j5 

That,  for  a  bruis'd  or  broken  pate, 

Has  freed  you  from  those  knobs  that  grow, 

Much  harder,  on  the  marry' d  brow  : 

But  if  no  dread  can  cool  your  courage, 

Prom  vent' ring  on  that  dragon,  marriage  ;  66a 

Tet  give  me  quarter,  and  advance 

To  nobler  aims  your  puissance ; 

Level  at  beauty  and  at  wit ; 

The  fairest  mark  is  easiest  hit. 

Quoth  Hudibras,  I  am  beforehand  665 

In  that  already,  with  your  command  ; 
Por  where  does  beauty  and  high  wit 
But  in  your  constellation  meet  ? 

Quoth  she,  What  does  a  match  imply, 
But  likeness  and  equality  ?  670 

I  know  you  cannot  think  me  fit 
To  be  th'  yokefellow  of  your  wit ; 
Nor  take  one  of  so  mean  deserts, 
To  be  the  partner  of  your  parts  ; 

I  That  is,  with  cheats  or  impositions.     Fulham  was  a  cant  word  for  i 
false  dice   many  of  them,  as  it  is  supposed,  being  made  at  that  place.     The 
high  dice  were  loaded  so  as  to  come  up  4,  .5,  6,  and  the  low  ones  1,  2,  3. 
"  For  gourd  and  fuUam  holds,"  says  Pistol, 
'  And  high  and  low  beguile  the  rich  and  poor." 

Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  Act  i.  sc.  3 
And  Cleveland  says:   "Now  a  Scotchman's  tongue  runs  high  fulhams." 


CANTO    I.]  HCDIunAS.  161 

A  grace  wliicli,  if  I  could  believe,  <)7i 

I've  not  the  conscience  to  receive.' 

Tliat  conscience,  quoth  Hudibraa, 
Is  inisinforni'd  ;  I'll  state  the  case 
A  man  ninv  be  a  legal  donor 

Of  anything  vrhereof  he's  owner,  680 

And  may  confer  it  where  he  lists, 
1'  th'  judgment  of  aU  casuists  : 
Then  wit.  and  parts,  and  valour  may 
Be  ali'nated,  and  made  away, 

By  those  that  are  proprietors,  685 

As  I  may  give  or  sell  my  horse. 

Quoth  she,  I  grant  the  case  is  true, 
And  projier  'twist  your  horse  and  you; 
And  whether  I  may  take,  as  well 
As  you  may  give  away,  or  sell  ?  690 

Buyers,  you  know,  are  bid  beware  ;  ' 
And  worse  than  thieves  receivers  are. 
How  shall  I  answer  Hue  and  Cry  ' 
For  a  roau  gelding,  twelve  hands  high,'' 
All  spurr'd  and  switch'd,  a  lock  on's  hoof,'  695 

A  sorrel  mane  ?     Can  I  bring  proof 
Where,  when,  by  whom,  and  what  y'  were  sold  for, 
And  in  the  open  market  toll'd  for  ?"« 
Or,  should  I  take  you  for  a  stray, 
Tou  must  be  kept  a  year  and  day,''  700 

•  Conscience  is  here  used  as  a  word  of  two  syllables,  and  in  the  next 
line  as  three. 

'  See  Careal  emptor!     Diet,  of  Classical  Quotations. 

'  Hue  and  Cry  was  the  legal  notice  to  a  neighbourhood  for  pursuit  of  a 
felon.     See  Blaikstone, 

«  This  is  a  galling  reflection  upon  the  knighfs  abilities,  his  complexion, 
and  his  height,  which  the  widow  intimates  was  not  more  than  four  feet. 

»  There  is  humour  in  the  representation  which  the  widow  makes  of  the 
knight,  under  the  similituile  of  a  roan  gelding,  supposed  to  be  stolen,  or  to 
have  stravcd.  Farmers  often  put  locks  on  the  fore-feet  of  their  horses,  to 
prevent  tlicir  being  stolen,  and  the  knight  had  his  feet  fast  in  the  stocks  at 
the  time. 

«  This  alludes  to  the  custom  enjoined  by  two  Acts,  2  &  3  Thil.  and 
Mary,  and  31  Kliz..  of  tolling  horses  at  fairs,  to  prevent  the  sale  of  any  that 
might  have  been  stolen,  and  help  the  owners  to  the  recovery  of  them. 

'  Estrays,  or  catlle  which  came  astray,  were  cried  on  two  market  days, 
and  in  two  adjoining  market  towns,  and  if  not  claimed  within  a  year  and  a 
day,  they  became  the  properly  of  the  lord  of  the  liberty  (or  manor). 

u 


162  HrDIBKAS.  [PAllT    II. 

Ere  I  can  own  you,  here  i'  th'  pound, 
"Where,  if  ye're  sought,  you  may  be  found  ; 
And  in  the  mean  time  I  must  pay 
For  all  your  provender  and  hay. 

Quoth  he,  It  stands  me  much  upon  70S 

T'  enervate  this  objection, 
And  prove  myself,  by  topic  clear, 
No  gelding,  as  you  vcould  infer. 
Loss  of  virility's  averr'd 

To  be  the  cause  of  loss  of  beard,'  71  o 

That  does,  like  embryo  in  the  womb. 
Abortive  on  the  chin  become  : 
This  first  a  woman  did  invent. 
In  envy  of  man's  ornament : 

Semiramis  of  Babylon,  715 

"Who  first  of  aU  ciit  men  o'  th'  stone,^ 
To  mar  their  beards,  and  laid  foundation 
Of  sow-geldering  operation : 
Look  on  this  beard,  and  tell  me  whether 
Eunuchs  wear  such,  or  geldings  either  ?  720 

Next  it  appears  I  am  no  horse, 
That  I  can  argue  and  discourse. 
Have  but  two  legs,  and  ne'er  a  tail. 

Quoth  she.  That  nothing  will  avail ; 
Eor  some  philosophers  of  late  here,  725 

"Write  men  have  four  legs  by  nature,* 
And  that  'tis  custom  makes  them  go 
Erroneously  upon  but  two  ; 
As  'twas  in  Germany  made  good, 
B'  a  boy  that  lost  himself  in  a  wood  ;  730 

•  See  the  note  on  line  114  of  this  Canto. 

2  Semiramis,  queen  of  AssjTia,  is  reputed  to  be  the  first  that  invented 
eunuchs  ■  Semiramis  teneros  mares  castravit  omnium  prima  (Am.  Mar- 
cellinus  i.  21),  which  is  thought  to  be  somewhat  strange  in  a  hidy  ot 
her  constitution,  who  is  said  to  have  received  horses  into  her  embrace. 
But  the  poet  means  to  laugh  at  Dr  Bulwer,  who  in  his  Ai-tihcial  Changeling, 
scene  21  has  many  strange  storiee;  and  in  page  208,  says,  "  Nature  gave 
to  mankind  a  beard,  that  it  might  remain  an  index  in  the  face  of  the  mas- 
culine generative  faculty."  ,.      ,       ,         ,,  ,  »         t 

3  Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  in  his  book  of  Bodies,  has  the  well-known  story  of 
the  wild  German  boy,  who  went  on  all  fours,  was  overgrown  with  hair  and 
lived  among  the  wild  beasts;  the  credibility  and  truth  of  whicli  he  endea- 
vours to  establish  by  several  natural  reasons.      See  also  Tatlcr,  No.  103. 


CAKTO    I.]  nrDIBHAS.  1(J3 

And  growing  do^Tu  t'  a  man,  was  wont 

"With  wolves  upon  all  lour  to  hunt. 

As  for  your  reasons  drawn  from  tails,' 

We  cannot  say  they're  true  or  false, 

Till  you  explain  yourself,  and  show  }36 

B'  experiment,  'tis  so  or  no. 

^  Quoth  he.  If  you'll  join  issue  ou't,* 
I'll  give  you  satisfact'ry  account ; 
So  you  will  promise,  if  you  lose, 
To  settle  all,  and  be  my  spouse.  740 

That  never  shall  be  done,  quoth  she, 
To  one  that  wants  a  tail,  by  me  ; 
For  tails  by  nature  sure  were  meant. 
As  well  as  beards,  for  ornament ; ' 
And  tho'  the  vulgar  count  them  homely,  745 

In  man  or  beast  they  are  so  comely. 
So  gentee,  alamoJe,  and  handsome,* 
I'll  never  marry  man  that  wants  one  : 
And  till  you  can  demonstrate  plain, 
"iou  have  one  equal  to  your  mane,  750 

I'll  be  torn  piece-meal  by  a  horse, 
Ere  I'll  take  you  for  better  or  worse. 
The  Prince  ot  Cambay's  daily  food 
Is  asp,  and  basilisk,  and  toad",* 

Ja  ^/*  ^°°"''"^-  Conte  de  la  jument  du  compere  Pierre.  Lord  Monhod.lo 
nod  a  theory    about  ta.ls  ;    he  maintained  tLt  naturally  thev  ^vere  a« 

rn';!!;.!S''nf"?''^'' '"  ^^r.  f  k^t^^^  ■  *'"' """  "^^  p™^'-^*'  »'■  fitting  had 

in  process  of  time  completely  abraded  them. 
'  That  is,  rest  the  cause  upon  this  point. 
-h.™""^""!""  ^"^  """des  to  Dr  I!ulwer-s  Artificial  Chanfcelin?,  p  410 
tou/l^H?  '^''r^  "/  "','■  ^'""^''  "^^  "^"  Rochester,  ^^h'^^  la, 
fro^  »fr  ^  """  '"•«^'^<-'>"  ''>■  Tl.on,as  a  Beckett,  he  fives  an  account 
ment  'Uhr  ?r"T  n""  "^  t"?'"'"  M«'ris-s  company,  in  In.ton's  regi: 
S,?,1'k  """'"'t »■■''"■•.  '"  'li»  .ountyof  Tippernrv,  n  Carrick  Palruk 
nut  to  '.h"'  7  V"^'  ''"T'^''  '•>■  ^^""'  In'h'<l"in;  where  near  700  were 
were  .^    '""^d  there  were  found  amouR  the  slain  of  the  Iri.h,  when  they 

joldicrs.   that  wm  eye-witnesses,  testified  the  same  upon  their  oaths  " 

of  WT^?   "^  AU  ^'■P'V^''  'f.'"^-.'""^-  ^^^  I-'-bard^'s  rerambXion 
01  Jient,  p.  315,  and  Bohn's  Handbook  of  Proverbs,  p.  207. 

«  dmltt  is  the  affected  pronunciation  of  tlie  French  (/mlil. 

!inilt'Jr"\'^''  ^jlP?""..;"'-  >■'■•   P-  14n.5,  for  the   story  of  Macamut 
Bultan  of  Cambav,  who  is  said  to  have  lived  upon  poison,  aid  so  compule.' 


164 


760 


65 


HTJDIBBAS.  ls\m   II. 

Whicb  makes  him  have  so  strong  a  breath,  755 

Each  night  he  stinks  a  queen  to  death  ; 
Tet  I  shall  rather  lie  in's  arms 
Than  your's,  on  any  other  terms. 

Quoth  he,  What  nature  can  afford 
I  shall  produce,  upon  my  word  ; 
And  if  she  ever  gave  that  boon 
To  man,  I  'U  prove  that  I  have  one ; 
I  mean,  by  postulate  iUation,' 
When  you  shall  offer  just  occasion  ; 
But  since  ye've  yet  denied  to  give 
My  heart,  your  pris'ner,  a  reprieve, 
But  make  it  sink  down  to  my  heel. 
Let  that  at  least  your  pity  feel ; 
And  for  the  sufferings  of  your  martyr. 
Give  its  poor  entertainer  quarter ; 
And  by  discharge,  or  mainprise,  grant 
Deliv'ry  from  this  base  restraint." 
Quoth  she,  I  grieve  to  see  your  leg 

Stuck  in  a  hole  here  like  a  peg,^ 

And  if  I  knew  which  way  to  do't. 

Tour  honour  safe,  I'd  let  you  out. 

That  dames  by  jail-delivery 

Of  errant  knights  have  been  set  free, 

When  by  enchantment  they  have  been. 

And  sometimes  for  it  too,  laid  in,  730 

Is  that  which  knights  are  bound  to  do 

By  order,  oaths,  and  honour  too  ; 

ty  to  have  saturated  his  breath,  that  contact  with  l^^/^-^^j^^^^fj^ff  *  f 
innn  concubines.  Philosoph.  Transactions,  I'^^-Sl*-  J;!/'"'^'?!"''  ^ ;,  „ 
tssav  on  Customs  a  gross*^  double  entendre  runs  through  the  whole  of  the 
wid/ws  speeches, 'and  Ukewise  through  those  of  the  knight.     See  T.  War- 

'"■;  natt't  inScel'c'onseVence,  or  presumptive  evidence.     . 

'  firev     unpose    that  the  usher,   who   attended  the  Y?,^»^v  "''ght  he 

tbe  ?»bfcr^x;;:r  :^:r:5tSff:^4- 

ItionTo  ob^aTn  hUhemTon, 'either  absolutely   or  on  bail;  or  that  she 

authireXaui.ote(&a,.on.t^^^^^^^^^^ 

S^g^fi'^str  Jlis  ki^^of  writr^^^^  was  coo^municated  to  th. 

English. 


770 


775 


CANTO    I.]  HUDIBEASi  1G5 

For  what  are  they  reno-mi'd  and  famous  else, 

But  aiding  of  distressed  damosels  '< 

But  for  a  lady,  no  ways  errant,'  TbS 

To  free  a  knight,  we  have  no  warrant 

In  any  authentieal  romance, 

Or  classic  author  yet  of  France ; 

And  I'd  be  loth  to  have  you  break 

An  ancient  custom  for  a  freak,  790 

Or  innovation  introduce 

In  place  of  things  of  antique  use, 

To  free  your  heels  by  any  course, 

That  might  b'  unwholesome  to  your  spurs  :  ' 

Which  if  I  should  consent  unto,  795 

It  is  not  in  my  pow'r  to  do ; 

For  'tis  a  service  must  be  done  ye 

AVith  solemn  previous  ceremony  ; 

"Which  always  has  been  us'd  t'  untie 

The  charms  of  those  who  here  do  lie  ;  800 

For  as  the  ancients  heretofore 

To  Honour's  temple  had  no  door. 

But  that  which  thorough  Virtue's  lay  ;  ' 

So  from  this  dungeon  there's  no  way 

To  honour's  freedom,  but  by  passing  80f 

That  other  virtuous  school  of  lashing, 

Where  knights  are  kept  in  narrow  lists. 

With  wooden  lockets  'bout  their  wrists  ;  * 

In  which  they  for  awhile  are  tenants, 

And  for  their  ladies  sufl'er  penance  :  810 

Whipping,  that's  virtue's  governess,' 

Tut'ress  of  arts  and  sciences  ; 

That  mends  the  gross  mistakes  of  nature, 

And  puts  new  life  into  dull  matter  ; 

'  There  were  damsels-eTrant  as  well  as  Vtmshts-errant,  in  the  romances, 
and  the  widow  disclaims  all  connection  with  that  order. 

»  That  is,  to  his  honour.  The  spurs  were  badges  of  knighthood,  and  if 
a  I'nieht  was  degraded,  his  spurs  were  h.ickcd  to  pieces  by  a  menial. 

'  The  temple  of  Virtue  and  Honour  was  built  by  Marius ;  the  architect 
was  Mutius ;  it  had  no  posticum.     See  V'itruvius,  I'iranesi,  &c. 

*  This  refers  to  the  whipping  of  petty  criminab  —  humorously  styled 
Knights — in  houses  of  corrccticm. 

»  A  sly  glance  at  the  passion  for  flagellation  displayed  by  the  masters  ol 
ichools. 


166  HUDIBRAS.  [PATIT   11. 

Tliat  lays  foundation  for  renown,  815 

And  all  the  honours  of  the  gown. 

This  suffer' d,  they  are  set  at  large, 

And  freed  with  hon'rable  discharge  ; 

Then,  in  their  robes,  the  penitentials 

Are  straight  presented  with  credentials,*  820 

And  in  their  way  attended  on 

By  magistrates  of  every  town  ; 

And,  all  respect  and  charges  paid, 

They're  to  their  ancient  seats  convey'd. 

Now  if  you'll  venture  for  my  sake,  825 

To  try  the  toughness  of  your  back, 

And  suffer,  as  the  rest  have  done. 

The  laying  of  a  whipping  on,^ 

And  may  you  prosper  in  your  suit, 

As  you  with  equal  vigour  do't,  830 

I  here  engage  myself  to  loose  ye 

And  free  your  heels  from  caperdewaie  :  * 

But  since  our  sex's  modesty 

Will  not  allow  I  should  be  by. 

Bring  me,  on  oath,  a  fair  account,  835 

And  honour  too,  when  you  have  done't  ; 

And  I'll  admit  you  to  the  place 

You  claim  as  due  in  my  good  grace. 

If  matrimony  and  hanging  go  * 

By  dest'ny,  why  not  whipping  too  ?  840 

AVhat  med'ciue  else  can  cure  the  fits 

Of  lovers,  when  they  lose  their  wits  ? 

Love  is  a  boy  by  poets  styl'd. 

Then  spare  the  rod,  and  spoil  the  child : 

1  This  alludes  to  the  Acts  of  Parliament,  33  Eliz.  cap.  4,  and  1  James 
I.  c.  31  whereby  vagrants  were  ordered  to  be  whipped,  and,  with  a  certifi- 
cate of  the  fact,  conveyed  by  constables  to  the  place  of  their  settlement. 
'  2  A  reference  to  the  Amatorial  Flagellants  of  Spain ;  no  other  way  to 
move  the  hearts  of  their  ladies  being  left  them,  they  borrowed  the  ascetic's 
scourge,  and  used  it. 

3  From  167-1  to  1700,  these  lines  stood: 

I  here  engage  to  be  your  bail, 

And  free  you  from  th'  unknightly  jail. 

The  etymology  of  capcrdewsie,  evidently  a  term  for  the  stocks,  is  unknown, 
*  Hanging  and  wiving  go  by  destiny.     Handbook  of  Proverbs,  p.  367. 


■^. 


CANTO    I.]  HUDIBHAS.  107 

A  Persian  emp'ror  wViipp'd  his  grannum,  8-l.i 

Tiie  sea,  his  mother  Ycmis  came  on ; ' 

And  hence  some  rev'rond  men  approve 

Of  rosemary  in  makins;  love.^ 

As  skilful  coopers  hoop  their  tubs 

With  Lvdian  and  with  Phrygian  dubs,*  850 

AVhy  may  not  whipping  have  as  good 

A  grace,  perform' a  in  time  and  mood, 

With  comely  movement,  and  by  art, 

Eaise  passion  in  a  lady's  heart  ? 

It  is  an  easier  way  to  make  85S 

Love  by,  than  that  which  many  take. 

Who  would  not  rather  sutler  wlii|)ping, 

Than  swallow  toasts  of  bits  of  ribbon  ?* 

Make  wicked  verses,  treats,  and  faces, 

And  spell  names  over  with  beer-glasses  P"  860 

Be  under  vows  to  hang  and  die 

Love's  sacrifice,  and  all  a  lie  ? 

With  China-oranges  and  tarts, 

And  whininsj-plays,  lay  baits  for  hearts  ? 

Bribe  chambermaids  with  love  and  money,  865 

To  break  no  roguish  jests  upon  ye  ; 

For  lilies  limn'd  on  checks,  and  roses. 

With  painted  perfumes,  hazard  noses  ?^ 

•  Xerxes  whippet!  the  sea,  which  was  the  mother  of  Venus,  nnd  Votnis 
was  the  mother  of  Cupid ;  the  sea,  therefore,  was  the  "  graunum,"  or 
grandmother,  of  Cupid,  and  the  object  of  imperial  flagellatinn,  when  the 
winds  and  the  waves  were  not  propitious.     See  Tuvcn.  Sat.  x.  180. 

'  As  Venus  came  from  the  sea  the  poet  su])poscs  some  connection  with 
the  word  rosemary,  or  ros  maris,  dew  of  the  sea.  Rosemary  was  worn  at 
weddings,  and  carried  at  funerals.  See  chapter  on  the  subject  in  vid.  ii. 
p,  119 — 123,  Brand's  Pop.  Antiquities  (Hcdm's  edition). 

'  Coopers,  like  blacksmiths,  give  to  their  w<irk  alternately  a  heavy 
•trokc  and  a  light  one ;  whic-h  our  p.iet  humorously  compares  to  the 
Lvdian  and  Phrvgian  measures.  The  former  were  soft  and  efl'eminate,  the 
latter  rough  nnd  martial. 

•  One  of  the  fcdlies  practised  by  Inamoratos.  Grey  quotes  a  tract,  printed 
ID  1659,  which  informs  us  that  French  gallants  "  in  their  fridics,  spare  not 
the  ornaments  of  their  madams,  who  cannot  wear  a  piece  of  ferret-ribbon, 
but  tliey  will  cut  It  jn  pieces  sijd  swaljow  it  in  wine,  to  celebrate  their  bet- 
ter forluiM!." 

•  Spill  th,cm  in  Ihp  number  of  glasses  of  beer,  as  before  at  ver.  S'P. 

•  The  plain  Ricaning  of  ttjB  djstich  k,  veijtMro  disease  for  pqinted  and 
prrfunicil  whores, 


168  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET   II. 

Or,  vent'ring  to  be  brisk  and  waBion, 

Do  penance  in  a  paper  lantbom  ? '  870 

All  tbis  you  may  compound  for  now, 

By  sufTring  wbat  I  oifer  you ; 

Wbicb  is  no  more  tban  has  been  done 

By  knigbts  for  ladies  long  agone. 

Did  not  the  great  La  Mancba  do  so  875 

For  tbe  Infanta  Del  Toboso  ?* 

Did  not  tb'  illustrious  Bassa  make 

Himself  a  slave  for  Miss's  sake  ?^ 

And  with  bull's  pizzle,  for  her  lore, 

Was  taw'd  as  gentle  as  a  glove  ?  *  880 

Was  not  young  Florio  sent,  to  cool 

His  flame  for  Biancafiore,  to  school,* 

Where  pedant  made  his  pathic  biun* 

For  her  sake  suffer  martyrdom  ? 

Did  not  a  certain  lady  whip,  885 

Of  late,  her  husband's  own  lordship  ?' 

•  Alluding  to  an  ecclesiastical  discipline  for  such  faults  as  adultery  and 
fornication. 

'  Meaning  the  penance  which  Don  Quixote  underwent  on  the  mountain 
for  the  sake  of  Dulcinea,  Part  i.  book  iii.  ch.  2. 

'  Ibrahim,  the  illustrious  Bassa,  in  the  romance  of  Monsienr  Soudery. 
His  mistress,  Isabella,  princess  of  Monaco,  being  conveyed  away  to  the 
Sultan's  seraglio,  he  got  into  the  palace  disguised  as  a  slave,  and,  after  a 
multitude  of  adventures,  became  grand  vizier. 

••  To  tawe,  is  a  term  used  by  leather-dressers,  signifying  to  soften  the 
leather  and  make  it  pliable,  by  rubbing  it.     See  Wright's  Glcssiivy. 

5  Alluding  to  an  Italian  romance,  entitled  Florio  and  Biancafiore. 
The  widow  here  cites  some  illustrious  examples  of  the  three  nations, 
Spanish,  French,  and  Italian,  to  induce  the  knight  to  give  himself  a 
scourging,  according  to  the  established  laws  of  chivalry.  The  advent ui'es 
of  Florio  and  Biancafiore,  which  make  the  principal  subject  of  Boccaeio's 
Filocopo,  were  famous  long  before  Boccacio,  as  he  himself  informs  us. 
Florio  and  Blancaster  are  mentioned  as  illustrious  lovers,  by  a  Lan- 
guedocian  poet,  in  his  Breviari  d' Amor,  dated  in  the  year  1288:  it  is 
probable,  however,  that  the  story  was  enlarged  by  Boccacio.  See  Tyrwhitt 
on  Chaucer,  iv.  169. 

6  Alluding  to  the  schoolmasters'  passion  for  whipping. 

'  The  person  here  meant  is  Lady  Munson.  Her  husband,  Lord  Mun- 
son,  of  Bury  St  Edmund's,  one  of  the  king's  judges,  being  suspected  by 
his  lady  of  changing  his  political  principles,  was  by  her,  with  the  as- 
sistance of  her  maids,  tied  naked  to  the  bed-post,  and  wliipped  till  he 
promised  to  behave  better.  For  which  useful  piece  of  political  zeal  she 
received  thanks  in  open  court.     Sir  William  Waller's  lady,  Mrs  May,  and 


CANTO    r.l  HTOIBHAS.  169 

And.  tho'  a  fjrandee  of  the  house, 

ChiwM  him  with  fuiulaiiiental  blows  ;' 

Tied  him  stark  ualied  to  a  bed-post,  ' 

Aud  firk'd  his  liide,  as  if  sh'  had  rid  post ;  890 

And  after  in  the  sessions'  court, 

AVhere  whipping's  judg'd,  had  honour  for't  ? 

This  swear  yon  will  perform,  and  then 

I'll  set  you  from  th'  enchanted  den,' 

And  the  magician's  circle,  clear.  ggs 

Quoth  he,  I  do  profess  and  swear, 

And  will  perform  what  you  enjoin, 

Or  may  I  never  see  _vou  mine. 

Amen,  quoth  she,  then  turn'd  about, 
And  bid  her  squire  let  him  out.^  90o 

But  ere  an  artist  could  be  found 

T'  undo  the  charms  another  bound, 

The  sun  gi-ew  low,  and  left  the  skies. 

Put  down,  some  wTite,  by  ladies'  eyes.* 

The  moon  puU'd  off  her  veil  of  light,  905 

That  liides  her  face  by  day  from  sight. 

Mysterious  veil,  of  brightness  made. 

That's  both  her  lustre  and  her  shade  ' 

And  in  the  lanthorn  of  the  night, 

"With  shining  horns,  hung  out  her  licht  :  ^  910 

For  darkness  is  the  proper  sphere  ' 

AVhere  all  false  glories  use  t'  appear. 

Sir  Henry  Mildmay's  lady,  were  supposed  to  have  exercised  the  same 
•uthonty.  See  History  of  FlagcUants,  p.  340,  Svo;  and  Loyal  Songs, 
Tol.  11.  p.  68,  and  58.  '  j  o  > 

'  "Lemslative  blows,"  in  the  two  first  editions. 

'  In  eoitions  subsequent  to  1734,  we  read : 

I'll  free  you  from  the  enchanted  den. 

»  So  in  the  corrections  at  the  end  of  vol.  ii.  of  the  second  edition  in  1664. 

•  One  of  the  romance  writers'  extravagant  conceits. 

•  The  rays  of  the  sun  obscure  the  moon  bv  dav,  and  enlighten  it  by 
night.  This  na.'«ajfc  is  extremely  beautiful  anil  p.ietiral,  showinj;,  among 
many  others,  Uutler's  powers  in  serious  poetry,  if  he  had  chosen  that  path. 

•  Altered  subsequently  to — 

And  in  the  night  as  freely  (hone. 
As  if  her  rays  had  been  her  own. 

'  This  and  the  following  line  were  first  inserted  in  the  edition  of  1674, 


170  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET   11. 

The  twinkling  stars  began  to  muster, 

And  glitter  with  their  borrow'd  lustre, 

While  sleep  the  weary'd  world  reliev'd,  816 

By  counterfeiting  death  reviv'd. 

Our  vot'ry  thought  it  best  t'  adjourn 

His  whipping  penance  till  the  morn, 

And  not  to  carry  on  a  work 

Of  such  importance  in  the  dark,  930 

With  erring  haste,  but  rather  stay, 

And  do't  i'  th'  open  face  of  day  ; 

And  in  the  mean  time  go  in  quest 

Of  next  retreat,  to  take  his  rest.' 

'  The  critic  will  remark  how  exact  our  poet  is  in  ohservin"  times  and 
Kasons ;  he  describes  morning  and  evening ;  and  one  day  onl)  is  piissetl 
(ince  the  opening  of  the  poem. 


PART  II.    CANTO  11. 


-  V- 


ARGFMEXT. 

The  Knight  and  Squire  in  hot  dispute, 
AVithin  an  ace  of  fallino;  out, 
Arc  parted  with  a  sudden  fright 
Of  stranpe  alarm,  and  stranger  sight ; 
"With  which  adventuring  to  stickle, 
They're  sent  away  in  nasty  pickle. 


PART  II.     CANTO  H. 


IS  strange  how  some  men's  tempers  suit, 
Like  bawd  and  brandy,  with  dispute,' 
That  for  their  own  opinions  stand  fast, 
Only  to  have  them  claw'd  and  canvast. 
That  keep  their  consciences  in  cases,^  5 
As  fiddlers  do  their  crowds  and  bases,' 
Ne'er  to  be  us'd  but  when  they're  bent 

To  play  a  fit  for  argument.* 

Make  true  and  false,  unjust  and  just, 

Of  no  use  but  to  be  discust ;  10 

Dispute  and  set  a  paradox. 

Like  a  straight  boot,  upon  the  stocks,* 

And  stretch  it  more  unmercifully. 

Than  Helmont,  Montaigne,  White,  or  Tully.* 

'  That  is,  some  men  love  disputing,  as  a  bawd  loves  brandy. 

2  A  pun,  or  jeu  de  mots,  on  cases  of  conscience. 

'  That  is,  their  fiddles  and  violoncellos. 

■»  The  old  phrase  was,  to  play  a  fit  of  mirth :  the  word  fit  often  occurs 
in  ancient  ballads  and  metrical  romances :  it  is  generally  applied  to  music, 
and  signifies  a  division  or  part,  for  the  convenience  of  the  performers. 

'  That  is,  like  a  tight  boot  on  a  boot-tree. 

*  Van  Helmont  (the  elder)  was  an  eminent  physician  and  naturalist,  a 
warm  opposer  of  the  principles  of  Aristotle  and  Galen,  and  an  enthusiastic 
student  of  chemistry;  bom  at  Brussels,  in  1588,  and  died  1664.  His  son, 
born  in  1618,  died  1699,  was  likewise  versed  in  physic  and  chemistry,  and 
celebrated  for  his  paradoxes.  Michael  de  Montaigne  was  born  at  Perigord, 
of  a  good  family,  1533,  died  1592.  He  was  carefully  but  fancifully  educated 
by  his  father,  awakened  every  morning  by  strains  of  soft  music,  taught  Latin 
by  conversation,  and  Greek  as  an  amusement.  His  Essays,  however  de- 
lightful, contain  abundance  of  paradoxes  and  wliimsical  reflections.  Thomas 
White  (or  Albius)  was  a  zealous  champion  of  the  Church  of  Rome  and  the 
Aristotelian  philosophy,  and  wrote  against  Joseph  Glanville,  who  printed 
ir.  London,  1665,  a  book  entitled,  Scepsis  Scientifica,  or.  Confessed  Ignor- 
ance the  Way  to  Science.  He  also  wrote  in  defence  of  the  peculiar  notions 
of  Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  and  is  said  to  have  been  fond  of  dangerous  singidarities. 
He  died  in  1676.     For  TiiUy,  whose  character  does  not  answer  to  the  text. 


CANTO    II.]  HrDl«BAS.  17a 

So  th'  ancient  Stoics  in  the  Porch,  16 

AVith  fierce  dispute  maintain'd  tlieir  churcL, 

Beat  out  their  brains  in  fight  and  study, 

To  prove  that  virtue  is  a  body  ;' 

That  bonum  is  an  animal, 

Made  good  with  stout  polemic  brawl ;  20 

In  which  some  hundreds  on  the  place 

AVere  slain  outright,''  and  many  a  face 

Hetrench'd  of  nose,  and  eyes,  and  beard, 

To  maintain  what  their  sect  averr'd. 

All  which  the  Knight  and  Squire  in  wrath,  25 

Had  like  t'  have  suffer'd  for  their  faith  ; 

Each  striving  to  make  good  his  own, 

As  by  the  sequel  shall  be  shown. 

The  sun  had  long  since,  in  the  lap  ' 
Of  Thetis,  taken  out  his  nap,  30 

And  like  a  lobster  boil'd,  the  morn 
From  black  to  red  began  to  turn  ;* 

tome  late  editions  read  LuHi/ ,-  but  (he  former  has  been  retained  with  tlie 
authoi-'s  corrected  edition.  If  Butler  meant  Cicero  he  must  alludt'  to  liis 
Stoicorum  Paradoia,  in  which,  for  the  exercise  of  his  wit,  Cicero  defends 
Bome  of  the  most  extravagant  doctrines  of  the  Porch. 

'  The  Stoics,  who  embraced  all  their  doctrines  as  so  many  fixed  and  im- 
mutable truths  from  which  it  was  infamous  to  depart,  allowed  of  no  incor- 
poreal substance,  no  medium  between  body  and  nothing.  With  them 
accidents  and  qualities,  virtues  and  vices,  and  the  passions  of  the  mind, 
were  corporeal. 

'  VTe  meet  with  the  same  account  in  Butler's  Remains,  vol.  ii.  242. 
"This  had  been  an  excellent  course  for  the  old  round-headed  Stoics  to  find 
out  whether  bonum  was  carpm^  or  virtue  an  animal :  about  which  they 
had  so  many  fierce  encounters  in  their  Sloa,  that  about  1400  lost' their  lives 
on  the  place,  and  far  many  more  their  beards  and  teeth  and  noses." 
Grecian  history  does  not  record  these  brawls;  but  Dio<jenes  Laertius,  in 
his  life  of  Zeno,  book  vii.  sect.  5,  says,  thit  this  philosopher  read  his 
lectures  in  the  Stoa  or  Portic ),  and  hopes  the  place  will  be  no  more  violated 
by  civil  seditions :  for,  adds  he,  when  the  Thirty  Tyrants  governed  the  re- 
public, 1400  citizens  were  killed  there  ;  referring  to  the  judicial  murders 
committed  there  in  404-3,  B.  c,  on  the  overthrow  of  the  Athenian  cijnsti- 
totion. 

'  As  far  as  Plmbus  first  does  rise 
Until  in  Thetis'  lap  he  lies.  Sir  Arthur  Gorges. 

Sec  also  Virgil's  Georgics,  i.  446-7. 

*  Mr  M.  Bacon  savs,  this  simile  is  taken  from  Rabelais,  who  calli  th« 
lobster  cardiualizcd,  {lom  the  red  habit  which  cardinals  wear. 


l'^*  HTJDIBEAS.  [PAUT    II. 

When  Hudibras,  whom  thoughts  and  aching 

'Twixt  sleeping  kept  all  night  and  waking, 

Began  to  rouse  his  drowsy  eyes,  35 

And  from  his  couch  prepar'd  to  rise  ; 

Eesolving  to  despatch  the  deed 

He  vow'd  to  do  with  trusty  speed : 

But  first,  with  knocking  loud  and  bawling. 

He  rous'd  the  Squire,  in  truckle  lolling ; '  40 

And  after  many  circumstances. 

Which  vulgar  authors  in  romances 

Do  use  to  spend  their  time  and  wits  on, 

To  make  impertinent  description, 

They  got,  with  much  ado,  to  horse,  45 

And  to  the  castle  bent  their  course, 

In  which  he  to  the  dame  before 

To  suffer  whipping-duty  swore  :  ^ 

Where  now  arriv'd,  and  half  unharnest, 

To  carry  on  the  work  in  earnest,  50 

He  stopp'd  and  paus'd  upon  the  sudden. 

And  with  a  serious  forehead  plodding,* 

Sprung  a  new  scruple  in  his  head, 

Wliieh  first  he  scratch'd,  and  after  said  ; 

Whether  it  be  direct  infringing  6S 

An  oath,  if  I  should  wave  this  swingeing. 

And  •what  I've  sworn  to  bear,  forbear, 

And  so  b'  equivocation  swear  ;* 

'  See  Don  Quixote,  Part  ii.  eh.  20.  A  truckle-bed  is  a  little  bed  on 
wheels,  which  runs  under  a  larger  bed. 

'  In  the  first  edition  it  is  dult/,  but  is  corrected  to  duly  in  the  Errata  to 
the  second  edition  of  1664. 

3  The  Knight's  "  new  scruple  "  is  an  excellent  illustration  of  the  quibbles 
by  wliich  unscrupulous  consciences  find  excuses  for  violating  oaths  and 
promises. 

'  The  equivocations  and  mental  reservations  of  the  Jesuits  were  loudly 
complained  of,  and  by  none  more  than  by  the  Sectaries.  'WTien  these  last 
came  into  power,  the  Royalists  had  too  often  an  opportunity  of  bringing 
the  same  charge  against  them.  Wallier  observes  of  the  Independents,  that 
they  were  tenable  by  no  oaths,  principles,  promises,  dechtrations,  nor  by 
any  obligations  or  laws,  divine  or  human.  And  Sanderson,  in  his  "  Obliga- 
tion of  Promissory  Oaths,"  says  :  "They  rest  secure,  absolving  themselves 
from  all  guilt  and  fear  of  perjury  ;  and  think  they  have  excelleiitly  provided 
for  themselves  and  consciences,  if,  during  the  act  of  swearing,  they  can 
make  any  shift  to  defend  themselves,  either  as  the  Jesuits  do,  with  some 
equivocation,  or  mental  reservation ;  or  by  forcing  upon  the  words  some 


CANTO    II.]  HUD1BRA8.  175 

Or  wbetlier  't  be  a  lesser  sin 

To  be  forsworn,  than  act  tlie  thing,  60 

Are  deep  and  subtle  points,  which  must, 

T'  inform  m_\:  eonsoicnee,  be  discust ; 

In  wliich  to  err  ii  tittle  may 

To  errors  infinite  make  way  : 

And  therefore  I  desire  to  know 

Thy  judgment,  ere  we  further  go. 

Quoth  Ealpho,  Since  you  do  iiijoin't. 
I  shall  enlarge  upon  the"  point ; 
And,  for  my  own  part,  do  not  doubt 
Th'  atEriuative  may  be  made  out. 
But  first,  to  state  the  case  aright, 
For  best  advantage  of  our  light ; 
And  thus  'tis,  whether  't  be  a  sin, 
To  claw  and  curry  our  own  skin, 
Greater  or  less  than  to  forbear, 
And  that  you  are  forsworn  forswear. 
But  first,  o'  th'  first :  The  inward  man, 
And  outw-ard.  like  a  clan  and  clan. 
Have  always  been  at  daggers-drawing, 
And  one  another  clapper-clawino- :  ' 
Not  that  they  really  culf  or  fence, 
But  in  a  spiritual  mystic  sense  ; 
Which  to  mistake,  and  make  them  squabble, 
In  literal  fray's  abominable  ; 

'Tis  heathenish,  in  frequent  use,  gs 

With  Pagans  and  apostate  Jews, 
To  oiier  sacrifice  of  bridewells,''' 
Like  modern  Indiana  to  their  idols  ;3 

tnbtle  interpretation  ;  or  after  they  are  sworn,  tliev  can  find  some  lonnholu 
or  artihcial  evasion  ;  whereby  such  art  may  he  used  with  tlie  oath,  that  tlie 
words  remaining,  the  meaning  may  be  eluded  with  sophism,  and  the  sense 
utterly  lost." 

'  Alluding  to  the  clans  of  Scotland,  which  have  sometimes  kept  up  a  feud 
for  many  generations,  and  committed  violent  outrages  on  each  otlur  The 
doctrme  which  the  Independents  and  other  sectaries  held  concerninfr  thu 
hiTd  t     ^^'  "''  '^'**<="  ^■^o  "»ward  and  outward  man,  is  frequently  al- 

»  i.  e.  ■WTiipping,  as  administered  in  Bridewell,  and  similar  houses  of 
correction. 

'  The  simUarity  of  practice  in  this  particular,  between  the  scouigine 
•ects  of  heathen  Indians  and  the  liagellanU  of  the  Komish  Church,  is  foicibly 


65 


70 


76 


80 


170  miBiBEAs.  [pAi.r  ii. 

And  mongrel  Christian  of  our  times. 

That  expiate  less  with  greater  crimes,  9C 

And  call  the  foul  abomination, 

Contrition  and  Mortification. 

Is't  not  enough  we're  bruis'd  and  kicked 

With  sinful  members  of  the  wicked ; 

Our  vessels,  that  are  sauctify'd,  95 

Profan'd  and  curry'd  back  and  side ; 

But  we  must  claw  ourselves  with  shameful 

And  heathen  stripes,  by  their  example  ? 

"Which,  were  there  nothing  to  forbid  it. 

Is  impious,  because  they  did  it :  lOO 

This  therefore  may  be  justly  reckon'd 

A  heinous  sin.     Now  to  the  second  ; 

That  Saints  may  claim  a  dispensation 

To  swear  and  forswear  on  occasion, 

I  doubt  not  but  it  will  appear  105 

With  pregnant  light :  the  point  is  clear. 

Oaths- are  but  words,  and  words  but  wind,' 

Too  feeble  implements  to  bind  ; 

And  hold  with  deeds  proportion,  so 

As  shadows  to  a  substance  do.  119 

Then  when  they  strive  for  place,  'tis  fit 

The  weaker  vessel  should  submit. 

Although  your  church  be  opposite 

To  ours,  as  Black  Friars  are  to  White, 

In  ride  and  order,  yet  I  grant  115 

Tou  are  a  reformado  saint ;'' 

And  what  the  saints  do  claim  as  due, 

Tou  may  pretend  a  title  to  : 

pointed  out ;  and,  at  the  same  time,  a  favourite  argument  of  the  Puritans, 
that  whatever  was  Romish  was  ipso  facto  sinful,  is  equally  well  ridi- 
culed. 

'  Such  have  "lovers'  vows  "  always  heen  represented.  The  vows  of  self- 
chastisement,  from  which  the  Knight  seeks  self-absolution,  was  a  lover'a 
row.  But  the  general  strain  of  satire  is  against  elastic  consciences  and 
easy  absolution,  whether  catholic  or  sectarian.  See  Tibullus,  Eleg.  iv.  17, 
18. 

'  That  is,  as  being  a  Presbyterian,  a  quondam  saint,  not  then  in  the  en» 
joyraent  of  the  pay  and  privileges  of  sainthood,  as  the  Independents  were. 
Keformadoes  were  oflScers  degraded  from  their  command,  but  who  retain^i 
their  rank.     (Wright's  Diet,  tub  voc.)     See  Part  iii.  c.  ii,  li?e  ^\. 


•^^^■^"^    "•]  HCDIBRA8. 


12u 


125 


But  saints,  wliom  oaths  or  vows  oblige 
Know  little  of  their  privilege  ; 

Further,  I  mean,  than  earryin'g  on 

home  self-advantaaie  of  their  own  ■ 

Tor  It  tlie  de\  il,  to  serve  his  turn 

tan  tell  truth  ;  why  the  saints  should  scorn, 

\\  hen  It  serves  theirs,  to  swear  and  lie 

1  think  there's  little  reafon  why  ■ 

Else  h'  has  a  greater  power  than  they, 

Uhich   t^vere  impiety  to  sav. 

We're  not  commanded  to  foVbear 

Indefinitely,  at  all  to  swear  • 

But  to  swear  idly,  and  in  vain,  ' 

\\  ithout  self-interest  or  gain.  ' 

For  breaking  of  an  oath  and  iyin" 

Is  but  a  kind  of  self-denying  "     "' 

A  saint-like  virtue  ;  and' from  hence  ,.- 

borne  have  broke  oaths  by  Providence  ' 

t>ome,  to  tlie  glory  of  the"  Lord 

lerjur'd  themselves,  and  broke  their  word  •  = 

And  this  the  constant  rule  and  practice 

Vt  all  our  late  apostles'  acts  is.  , , 

.),\!'t°"t  .t'>e  t'ause  at  first  begun 

\V  ith  perjury,  and  carried  on  ^ 

U  as  there  an  oath  the  godly  took 

But  in  due  time  and  ].lacc  thej  broke  ?  ' 

J.211  ^;  vLb;i,:;;"::;r  vtx^'.t''^  ^^"^  r'""-'^  — -'  - 
kin,:  S;s.;ri;irj;^,^r\b:;"JSs?\'-'r  ^f  '^= 

asrfomcnta  and  pn.miso..  ,tiU  answered  '.W  .1 1-         .i"/"''''   ""''  *''<^'' 
s  •"  'u  .uc  meaning  ot  the  prescribed  cutli  nor  his 


178  HUDIDKAS.  [part    II. 

Did  we  not  Lring  our  oaths  in  first,  115 

Before  our  plate,  to  have  them  burst. 

And  cast  in  fitter  models,  for 

The  present  use  of  church  and  war  ? 

Did  not  our  worthies  of  the  House, 

Before  they  broke  the  peace,  break  vows  ?  iso 

Tor  having  freed  us  first  from  both 

Th'  AUeg'ance  and  Suprem'cy  oath,' 

Did  they  not  next  compel  the  nation 

To  take]  and  break  the  Protestation  ?  ^ 

To  swear,  and  after  to  recant,'  133 

The  Solemn  League  and  Covenant  ?  * 

To  take  th'  Engagement,  and  disclaim  it,* 

Enforc'd  by  those  who  first  did  frame  it  ? 

own  meaning,  but  as  the  authority  shall  afterwards  interpret  it."  The  swear- 
ing and  unswearing,  which  Butler  satirizes,  is  one  of  the  numerous  paral 
lels  between  the  Great  Rebellion  and  the  French  Revolution,  only  in  the 
latter  case  the  oaths  were  taken  to  a  far  more  imposing  array  of  Consti- 
tutions. Talleyrand's  oaths  of  this  sort  would  have  made  the  boldest 
Parliamentary  swearer  seem  nought. 

'  Though  they  did  not  in  formal  and  express  terms  abrogate  these  oaths 
of  alleo-iance  and  supremacy  till  after  the  king's  death,  yet  in  effect  they 
vacateS  and  annulled  them,  by  administering  the  king's  power,  and  substi- 
tuting other  oaths,  protestations,  and  covenants. 

2  In  the  Protestation  they  promised  to  defend  the  true  reformed  religion, 
as  expressed  in  the  doctrine  of  the  Church  of  England ;  which  was  presently 
afterwards  disclaimed  in  the  Covenant.  Ultimately  the  Covenant  itself  was 
altogether  renounced  by  the  Independents. 

3  And  to  recant  is  but  to  cant  again,  says  Sir  Roger  L'Estrange. 

«  In  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant  (called  a  league,  because  it  was 
to  be  a  bond  of  amity  and  confederation  between  the  kingdoms  of  England 
aud  Scotland ;  and  the  covenant,  because  it  was  in  form  a  covenant  with 
God)  they  swore  to  defend  the  person  and  authority  of  the  king,  aud  cause 
the  world  to  behold  their  fidelity ;  and  that  they  would  not,  in  the  least, 
diminish  his  just  power  and  greatness.  The  Presbyterians,  who  hold  by 
the  Covenant  so  far  as  it  upheld  their  church,  contrived  to  evade  this  part 
of  it  by  saying  they  had  sworn  to  defend  the  person  and  authority  of  the 
king  in  support  of  religion  and  public  liberty,  and  not  when  they  were  in- 
conipatible  with  each  other.  But  the  Independents,  who  were  at  last  the 
prevailing  party,  utterly  renounced  the  Covenant.  Copies  of  the  Covenant, 
subscribed  by  the  Minister  and  Parishioners,  remain  in  many  Parochial 
Registers,  and  in  some  the  place  for  the  Minister's  name  is  blank,— he, 
perhaps,  expecting  some  change,  in  which  it  might  not  be  well  for  him  to 

have  signed  it.  ,  ,       ,  •  ,   „  „    ,      t. 

s  After  the  death  of  the  king  a  new  oath,  which  they  call  the  Engage- 
ment, bound  every  man  to  be  true  and  faithfid  to  the  government  then 
established,  without  a  king  or  House  of  Peers. 


Did  they  not  swear,  at  first,  to  fi.rht 

!•  or  tlie  km!,V3  safety  and  his  ri^ht  ?  ,  „n 

And  atter  n.arch'd  to  find  him  out 

And  eharpr'd  him  home  with  horse  and  foot? 

And  vet  still  had  the  coufidcm-e 

lo  swear  it  was  in  his  defeix-e  ? 

Did  they  not  swear  to  live  and  dfe 

With  Essex,  and  straight  laid  him  bv  ?  » 

if  that  were  all,  for  some  have  swore" 

As  false  as  they,  if  th'  did  no  more  > 

l)id  they  not  swear  to  maintain  law, 

in  which  that  swearing  made  a  flaw'? 

i-or  Protestant  relii,non  vow, 

That  did  that  vowina;  disallow  P 

For  privilege  of  Parliament, 

in  which  that  swearin?  made  a  rent  ? 

And  since,  of  all  the  three,  not  one* 

is  left  in  beinj,',  'tis  well  known. 

iJid  they  not  swear,  in  express  words, 

Jo  prop  and  back  the  House  of  Lords  ? 

And  alter  turned  out  the  whole  house-full 

t '1  peers,  as  (iaiis'rou*  and  unuseful  » 

N.  Cromwell,  wth  deep  oaths  and  vows, 

Swore  all  the  Commons  out  o'  th'  House ; » 

liv.anciainHthhin.      Y,Mh.l-^''l-^''"Tu^^^^^        '>>"'  «'*v  would 

iVoim^^Toy"'  '*""  ■"""'■  "^  ^^"'^  ^'"^  ^"«"''  ^0  "^  poisoned. 
'  W-hTn  Vh''"''  "''i^""'  *"''  P""'''Pe  "f  Parliament. 

coXgl/.      ""  "^  '"''^'  '""^  »•'«'>'  ^  be  abolished,  which  it  waL  ac! 
J«         mur  arm)  mlo  Ireland,  and  to  dj»baml  the  rwt^  which  th< 


165 


17a 


176 


ISO 


180 


HUDIBEAS.  [rA«T    "• 


1S3 


190 


193 


Vow'd  that  the  red-coats  would  disband 
Ay  marry  wou'd  they,  at  their  command; 
And  troird  them  on,  and  swore  and  swore, 
Till  th'  army  turn'd  them  out  of  door 
This  teUs  us  plainly  what  they  thought,  ^ 
That  oaths  and  swearing  go  for  nought ; 
And  that  by  them  th'  were  only  meant 
To  serve  for  an  expedient.*  ,      ^  n     , 

What  was  the  Public  Faith  found  out  for,' 
But  to  slur  men  of  what  they  fought  lor  ^ 
The  Public  Faith,  which  ev'ry  one 
Is  bound  t'  observe,  yet  kept  by  none ; 

lini  if  that  go  for  nothing,  why 

Should  private  faith  have  such  a  tie  ? 

Oaths  were  not  purpos'd,  more  than  law, 

To  keep  the  good  and  just  in  awe, 

Presbyterians  in  the  House  were  forward  to  do.  And  Cromwell  to  lull  the 
v4  iamen?  ealled  God  to  witness,  that  he  was  sure  the  army  would,  at  thoir 
1  ailiament,  caueu  u  ,  ,   ^^^  ^^  again  solemnly 

command^  d^hand  and  cast  th.    arm  ^^^^^^  ^^  ^^_^^^_^_^,^,^ 

^■ere  to  set  for  these  victories  was  "a  piece  of  paper,     and  tbat  1  aili 
ment  intfnded  to  make  itself  perpetual,  they  marched  on  London,  and  n, 
Ae  end  headed  by  Cromwell,  turned  the  Parliamen   «"' .«f  ^oors 

.  s"r  Roger  L' Estrange  hasput  this  into  the  moral  of  his  Fable  (^o  61)^ 
"  that  in  a  certain  place?  the  people  were  mily  sw<»-n  not  to  dress  meat  m 
Lent,  and  so  might^  do  ^hat  they  pleased,  but,"  says  the  speaker,  lor  us 
who  are  ioMnrf  that  would  be  our  undoing.  _         wi,„„  ti,p  mpm 

'  Fxvedient  was  a  term  often  used  by  the  sectaries.  Wten  tl>e  mem- 
bers rf  the  Council  of  State  engaged  to  approve  of  what  should  he  done  by 
the  Commons  in  Parliament  fo?  the  future,  it  was  ordered  to  draw  up  an 
^-rnedient  for  the  Members  to  subscribe.  „    ,  -^   v    _v„i. 

^  It  was  usual  to  pledge  the  Public  Faith,  as  they  caUed  it  by  which 
thevmrant  he  credit  of  Parliament,  or  their  own  promises  for  mon  s 
borrowed;  and  many  times  never  repaid.  Ralph  argues  that  if  the  public 
fSbe  broken  wit^  impunity,  private  faith  could  not  be  considered  bind- 

'"?■ »  Resolved  that  the  Public  Faith  be  buiied  in  '^^^j'^^'^^S  f^'ifST; 
and  that  John  Goodwin.do  preach  its  funeral  -^^.f^l^J^h^^^.V" 
Whitechapel;"  says  Sir  John  Birkenhead,  in  his     Pauls  OUuicn  lara 

^"".'"The'r^farei'iie  is  to  1  Timothy  i.  9  "Knmving  this  that  the  kw  is^iot 
made  for  a  righteous  man,  but  for  the  lawless  and  disobo.  ent.  AnJ 
Colonel  Overton  averred  that  the  Presbyterians  held  this  LteraUy. 


J*Fi. 


CANri)    II.]  HUDIBBAS.  181 

Hilt  to  confine  the  bad  and  sinful, 

Like  mortal  eattle  in  a  pinfold.  200 

A  saint's  of  th'  lieav'nlv  realm  a  peer;' 

And  as  no  peer  is  bound  to  swear, 

lint  on  the  -lospel  of  his  honour, 

Of  -which  lie  may  dispose  as  owner, 

It  follows,  the'  the  tiling  be  forgery  205 

And  false  th'  affirm,  it  is  no  perjury, 

But  a  mere  ceremony,  and  a  breach 

Of  nothing,  but  a  form  of  speech. 

And  goes  for  no  more  when  'tis  took 

Than  mere  saluting  of  the  book.'  210 

Suppose  the  Scriptures  are  of  force. 

They're  but  commissions  of  course,* 

And  saints  have  freedom  to  digress, 

But  vary  from  'em  as  they  please ; 

Or  misinterpret  them  bv  private  215 

Instructions,  to  all  aims  they  drive  at. 

Then  why  should  we  ourselves  abridge, 

And  curtail  our  own  privilege  f 

Quakers,  that  like  to  lauthorns,  bear 

Their  light  within  them,  will  not  swear  220 

Their  gosj)el  is  an  accidence, 

By  which  tliey  construe  conscience,* 

And  hold  no  sin  so  deeply  red 

As  that  of  breaking  Priscian's  head,* 

'  Butler  olevorly  puts  this  two-edged  sarcasm  into  the  mr.ith  of  one  of 
those  who  tiirnol  mit  tlie  peers. 

_  -  .\«  nno  in  a  (Mi-  »(  I/Kstrange  (pt.  2.  fnh.  227)  says— For  the  swear- 
mg,  what  signifies  the  kissing  of  a  book,  with  a  oiilves'  skin  cover  and  a 
liastihimrii  sullininj;  betwixt  a  man's  lips  and  the  text.' 

'  This  is,  they  strained  the  interpretation  of  Scripture  to  their  own  pur- 
poses, juiit  as  the  Parliament  officers  took  the  libcrtv  of  disobeying  their 
lommis-sions,  im  pretence  of  private  instructions  or  expediency.  "  "They 
profesBi'd  their  c.inscience  to  be  the  rule  and  svnibol  of  their  fiiith,  "savs 
( lenient  Walker,  "  and  to  this  they  conform  the  Scriptures,  not  their  con- 
wiencea  to  the  Scriptures ;  setting  the  sun-dial  by  the  clock,  not  the  clock 
by  the  sun-dial." 

«  The  (Quakers  interpret  Scrinture  litcrallv.  and  also  insist  upon  correctly 
using  t/iou  in  the  singular  number  instead  (if  the  plural  ymi.  whence  Butler 
charges  them  with  turning  the  gospel  into  an  Knglish  Grammar,  and  re- 
pirdin?  an  ungramniatii  al  cnnveiiticinalitv  as  a  great  offence. 

'  J'risciao  being  the  acknowledged  aulhoritv  if  not  the  founder  of  gram. 


182  HTJDIBRAS,  [PAKT    IT. 

The  head  and  founder  of  their  order,  225 

That  stirring  hats  held  worse  than  murder ;' 

These  thinking  they're  oblig'd  to  troth 

In  swearing,  will  not  take  an  oath  ; 

Like  mules,  who  if  they've  not  the  will 

To  keep  their  own  pace,  stand  stock  still ;'  230 

But  they  are  weak,  and  little  know 

What  free-born  consciences  may  do. 

'Tis  the  temptation  of  the  devil 

That  makes  all  human  actions  evil : 

For  saints  may  do  the  same  thing  by  235 

The  spirit,  in  sincerity, 

Which  other  men  are  tempted  to, 

And  at  the  devil's  instance  do  ; 

And  yet  the  actions  be  contrary. 

Just  as  the  saints  and  wicked  vary.  240 

For  as  on  land  there  is  no  beast 

But  in  some  fish  at  sea's  exprest ; ' 

So  in  the  wicked  there's  no  vice, 

Of  which  the  saints  have  not  a  spice ; 

And  yet  that  thing  that's  pious  in 

The  one,  in  th'  other  is  a  sin.'' 

mar,  it  ia  said  to  break  his  head  to  use  false  grammar,  that  is,  ym  in  the 
singular  number.  George  Fox,  the  founder  of  the  order  of  Quakers,  may 
be  regarded  as  their  Priscian.  He  wrote  what  may  be  called  an  acci- 
dence, entitled,  "  A  Battle  Door  for  Teachers  and  Professors  to  learn  Plural 
and  Singular,"  1660,  folio. 

'  Nash  thinks  that  the  poet  humorously  supposes  Priscian,  who  received 
60  many  blows  on  the  head,  to  be  exceedingly  averse  to  taking  off  his  hat ; 
and  therefore  calls  him  the  founder  of  Quakerism. 

2  A  merry  fellow,  says  Bishop  Parker,  finding  all  force  and  proclamations 
vain  for  the  dispersion  of  a  conventicle,  hit  upon  the  stratagem  of  proclaim- 
ing, in  the  king's  name,  that  none  should  depart  without  his  leave ;  where- 
upon every  one  went  away  that  it  might  not  be  said  they  obeyed  any 
man. 

3  Thus  Dubartas : 

So  many  fishes  of  so  many  features. 
That  in  the  waters  we  may  see  all  creatures, 
Even  all  that  on  the  earth  are  to  be  found, 
As  if  the  world  were  in  deep  waters  drown'd. 
This  was  one  of  the  whimsical   speculations  with  which   the   curiou? 
entertained  themselves  before  the  existence  of  scientific  natural  history 
See  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  Vulgar  Errors  (Bohn's  edit.  p.  344). 

«  The  Antinomian  principle  was   that  believers  or  persons  regenerate 


246 


exvTo  n.]  HUDiBBAS.  183 

Is't  not  ridiculous,  and  nousense, 

A  saint  should  be  a  slave  to  conscience  ? 

That  ought  to  be  above  such  fancies, 

As  far  as  above  ordinances  P  '  254 

She's  ot"  the  wicked,  as  I  guess,' 

B'  her  looks,  her  language,  and  her  dress ; 

And  tho',  like  constables,  we  search 

For  false  wares  one  anottier's  ehurih  ; 

Yet  all  of  us  hold  this  for  true,  SS5 

No  faith  is  to  the  wicked  due.' 

For  truth  is  precious  and  divine, 

Too  rich  a  pearl  for  carnal  swine. 

Quoth  Hudibras,  All  this  is  true, 
Yet  'tis  not  fit  that  all  men  knew  280 

Those  mjsteries  and  revelations  :* 
And  therefore  topical  evasions 
Of  subtle  turns,  and  shifts  of  sense, 
Serve  best  with  th'  wicked  for  pretence  ; 
Such  as  the  learned  Jesuits  use,*  26^ 

And  Presbyterians,  for  excuse 

mold  not  sin,  though  they  committed  the  same  acts  which  were  sius  in 
others;  or,  in  other  words,  that  the  condition  of  the  person  determined 
the  character  of  his  acts,  and  made  them  good  or  bad,  and  not  the 
acts  which  displayed  the  character  of  the  man ;  so  that  one  not  pre- 
riously  wicked  could  commit  no  wickedness. 

'  Some  sectaries,  especially  the  Seekers  and  Mujfgletonians,  thought 
themselves  so  sure  of  salvation,  that  they  deemed  it  needless  to  conform 
to  ordinances,  human  or  divine. 

'  Hence  it  may  be  concluded  that  the  widow  was  a  royalist. 

'  This  is  the  famous  popish  maxim,  Nulla  Jides  servanda  /lerelicix,  here 
attributed  to  the  puritan  sectaries.  Ralph,  suspecting  the  widcjw  to  be  a 
royalist,  insinuates  that  it  is  not  necessary  to  keep  faith  with  her. 

*  Private  or  esoteric  doctrines,  which  may  be  called  mysterious,  mean 
that  what  is  publicly  professed  and  taught  is  not  what  the  teachers  me;in. 

'  Mr  Foulis  tells  a  good  story  about  Jesuitical  evasions  ;  a  little  before 
the  death  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  when  the  Jesuits  were  endeavouring  to  set 
aside  King  James,  a  little  book  was  written,  entitled,  a  Treatise  on  Equivo- 
cation, which  was  afterwards  called  by  Garnet,  Provincial  of  the  Jesuits,  a 
Treatise  against  I<ying  and  Dissimulation,  which  contained  the  following 
example.  In  time  of  the  plague  a  man  goes  to  Coventrv  ;  at  the  gates  iie  if 
examined  upon  oath  whether  he  came  from  London :  the  traveller,  though 
he  directly  came  from  thence,  may  swear  positively  that  he  did  not,  hec.nii^e 
ke  knows  himself  not  infected,  and  does  not  endanger  Coventry  ;  which  lit 


184  HUDIBEAS  [part    II. 

Against  the  Protestants,  when  th'  happen 

To  find  their  churches  taken  napping. 

As  thus  :  a  breach  of  oath  is  duple, 

And  either  way  admits  a  scruple,  270 

And  may  be,  ex  parte  of  the  maker, 

]\Iore  criminal  than  the  iujur'd  taker ; 

For  he  that  strains  too  far  a  vow, 

AVill  break  it,  like  an  o'er-bent  bow : 

And  he  that  made,  and  forc'd  it,  broke  it,  275 

Not  he  that  for  convenience  took  it. 

A  broken  oath  is,  quatenus  oath. 

As  sound  t'  all  purposes  of  troth. 

As  broken  laws  are  ne'er  the  worse. 

Nay,  'till  they're  broken,  have  no  force.  28C 

What's  justice  to  a  man,  or  laws. 

That  never  comes  within  their  claws  ? 

They  have  no  pow'r,  but  to  admonish  ; 

Cannot  control,  coerce,  or  puuish. 

Until  they're  broken,  and  then  touch  285 

Those  only  that  do  make  them  such. 

Beside,  no  engagement  is  allow'd, 

By  men  in  prison  made,  for  good  ; ' 

For  when  they're  set  at  liberty. 

They're  from  th'  engagement  too  set  free.  290 

The  Eabbins  write,  when  any  Jew 

Did  make  to  God  or  man  a  vow, 

Which  afterwards  he  found  untoward, 

And  stubborn  to  be  kept,  or  too  hard  ; 

Any  three  other  Jews  o'  th'  nation  295 

Might  free  him  from  the  obligation  :  ^ 

iupposes  to  answer  the  final  intent  of  the  demand.  The  MS.  was  seized 
by  Sir  Edward  Coke,  in  Sir  Thomas  Tresham's  chamber,  m  the  Inner 
Temple,  and  is  now  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  at  Oxford,  MS.  Laud.  E.  45, 
with  the  attestation  in  Sir  Edward  Coke's  hand-writing,  6  December,  1605, 
and  the  following  motto  ;   Os  quod  mentitur  occidit  animam. 

1  See  the  history  of  the  Treaty  of  Newport  with  Charles  I.,  for  ample 
proof  of  the  employment  of  this  mode  of  reasoning. 

2  There  is  a  traditional  doctrine  among  the  Jews,  which  Maimonides 
asserts  to  have  come  down  from  Moses,  thouo:h  not  in  the  written  law,  that 
if  any  person  has  made  a  vow,  which  he  afterwards  wishes  to  recall,  he  may 
go  to  a  Rabbi,  or  three  other  men,  and  if  he  can  prove  to  them  that  no  injur; 
will  be  sustained  by  any  one,  they  may  free  him  from  its  obligation. 


1S3 


300 


COS 


311) 


•^A^TO    TI.]  HUDIBHA8. 

Ami  have  not  two  saints  power  to  use 

A  greater  privilege  than  three  Jews  ? ' 

The  court  of  conscience,  which  in  man 

Should  be  supreme  and  sovereign, 

Is't  fit  should  be  subordinate 

To  ev'ry  petty  court  i'  th'  state, 

And  have  less  power  than  the  lesser. 

To  deal  with  perjury  at  pleasure  ? 

Have  its  proceedings  disallow'd,  or 

Allow'd,  at  taucy  of  Pie-powder' r  ' 

Tell  all  it  does,  or  does  not  know, 

1  or  swearing  ex  officio  Z  ^ 

Be  forc'd  t'  impeach  a  broken  hedge, 

And  pigs  unring'd  at  vis.  franc,  pledge  ?* 

Discover  thieves,  and  bawds,  recusan'ts 

Pnests,  witches,  eves-droppers,  and  nuisance  : 

iell  who  did  play  at  games  unlawful, 

And  who  fiU'd  pots  of  ale  but  half-full ; 

And  have  no  pow'r  at  all,  nor  shift        '  ,,  - 

To  help  itself  at  a  dead  lift  ? 

•ml  Mr  Marshall,  who,  when  some  of  the  rebels  had  their  lives  spared  oil 
comhnon  that  thev  would  not  in  future  bear  arms  a^iost  the  ^m.\Z 
senUo  dispense  with  the  oath,  and  persuade  them  to  enter  again  into  th^ 

f^J^A  T'l  "/  ^''«-f  ■  "*'■  V^kes  cognizanee  of  such  disputes  as  arise  in 
fairs  and  markets ;  and  is  so  called  from  the  old  French  wnr.'l  pled-puldrelu^ 
whch  signihes   a  pedlar    one  who  ^ets  a  livelihood  without  f  fixed  oi^ 
certain  residence      See  mackstone's  gommentarics.     In  the  borou"h  law 
of  Scotland,  an  alien  merchant  is  called  pied-puldreaux  " 

nKl.-I^".'  "'  ''•■  '"'""?  "'"  "  ''■^"•'  ™"' '  '•y  "'•'icii  the  parties  were 
obi  eed  to  answer  to  interrojjatories,  even  if  they  criminated  thenisehes 
In  tHc  conference  If.Oi,  one  of  the  matters  complained  of  was  the  .T^LJo 
n«  h.  The  I..rd  Chancellor,  Lord  Treasurer  and  Archbishop  Wll;  ft 
dcfendHl  the  oath  and  the  king  ^avc  a  description  of  it,  laid  dow^  the 
grounds  upon  which  it  stood,  and  justified  the  wisdom  of  the  constSon. 
Frankpledge  was  an  institution  derived  from  the  earliest  Saxon  times 
and  based  upon  the  principle  of  mutual  responsibility.  liy  it  Lords  of  the 
manor  had  the  ngh,  of  requiring  surety  of'every  fne-borii  man  of  the  age 
of  U,  for  his  goo<l  behaviour,  and  they  were  b.mnd  for  each  other      Aftfr 

when"!'.'' w^:^'  :r  ^""''P.''"'g''  Pri"""''-  "•"•'  "-^^^  P-riodical  meettg^ 
when  It  was  put   in  exercise,  and  these  were  called  the  View  of  frankJ 

wa,  not  wholly  unknown  in  his  time ;  which  shows  the  point  of  Butlc?. 
•Uu.ion  to  .t.    see  Ulackstoue  and  the  Law  Dictionaries.  "^  ' 


H6 


nuuiBHAs.  [i-A^'T  " 


WTiv  should  uot  couscience  have  vacation 
As  well  as  other  courts  o'  th'  nation  ( 
Have  equal  power  to  adjourn, 
Appoint  appearance  and  retorn  r 
And  make  as  nice  distinctions  serve 
To  split  a  case ;  as  those  that  carve, 
Invoking  cuckolds'  names,  hit  jo^ts  t 
Why  shiuld  not  tricks  as  sbght,  do  points? 
Is  not  th'  High  Court  of  Justice  sworn  ^ 
To  iust  that  law  that  serves  their  turn  i 
Make  their  own  jealousies  high  treason, 
And  fix  thein  whomsoe'er  they  please  on  i 
Cannot  the  learned  counsel  there 
Make  laws  in  any  shape  appear  t 
Mould  'em  as  witches  do  their  clay,      ^ 
When  they  make  pictures  to  destroy  i 
And  vex  them  into  any  form 
That  fits  their  purpose  to  do  harm  :■ 
Back  them  until  they  do  confess, 
Impeach  of  treason  whom  they  please, 

1  Our  ancestors,  when  tWf<,und  a  diffi^^^^^ 
other  dish,  used  to  say  in  jest  that  they  stiouw  n  j  ^^^  ^ 

think  of  the  name  of  a  ouckoW      Kyrle    the  ma  .^  .^ ,  ^^^^  ^^ 

company  to  dine  with  him  on  ""^^\75;i^i„,,d  *the  pri^•ilege  of  carvin? 
cure'd,  was  one  of  the  ^f.^^'^^^f^Ahe  etiquette  ot  the  table,  offered  to 
himself,     men  any  guest,  'S""™ °' °f  >^"  .t'^ld  your  hand,  man,  if  I  am 

b^y^-  III  ffl  "^^pe? V^>^ord:Mf}or,  in  the  days  of 

ctries^.,  both  in  his  office,  and  as  --ko^  ^^ 

.  The  High  Court  of  Justice  7/  ^^^  '^"^  ','„"]^  /"^gard  to  some  of  his 
Charles  I.,butitsauthoritywas^trwards  extended   ^^    .^^^  j^  ^,. 

adherents,  to  the  year  1G58      As  it  f^^  °°         ^  ^^^  t^„.   Walker  says, 


325 


330 


335 


the  death  of  the  person  : 


enchantments.  .  Parliament  that  they  had  al" 


CANTO  Tl.]  HrniBRAi.  1.97 

And  most  perfidiously  condemn 

Those  that  enijatj'd  their  lives  for  them  ?' 

And  vet  do  nothing  in  their  own  sense 

But  what  they  ouijht  by  oath  and  conscience.         340 

Can  they  not  juggle,  and  with  slight 

Conveyance  play  with  wTong  and  right ; 

And  sell  their  blasts  of  wind  as  dear,' 

As  Lapland  witches  bottled  air  F  ' 

AYill  net  f?ar,  favour,  bribe,  and  grudge,  343 

The  same  case  sev'ral  ways  adjudge  ? 

As  seamen,  with  the  self-same  gale, 

Will  sev'ral  different  courses  sail  ; 

As  when  the  sea  breaks  o'er  its  bounds,* 

And  overflows  the  level  grounds,  3jo 

Those  banks  and  dams,  that,  like  a  screen, 

Did  keep  it  out,  now  keep  it  in ; 

So  when  tyrannical  usurpation  ' 

Invades  the  freedom  of  a  nation, 

The  laws  o'  th'  land  that  were  intended  S35 

To  keep  it  out,  are  made  defend  it. 

Does  not  in  Chanc'ry  ev'ry  man  swear 

"What  makes  best  for  him  in  his  answer  ?  * 

ioldiers  were  s,iid  to  hnve  nsed  torture  to  gentlemen's  servants  in  order  to 
eitort  information  concerning  their  masters'  property. 

'  This  they  did  in  many  instances  ;  the  most  remarkable  were  (hose  of 
Sir  John  Hotham  and  his  son,  who  were  condemned  nntwithstanding  that 
they  had  previously  shut  the  gates  of  Hull  against  the  King,  and  the  case 
of  Sir  Alexander  Carew. 

'  That  is,  their  breath,  their  pleading,  their  argnments. 

'  The  witches  in  Lapland  pretended  to  sell  bags  of  wind  to  the  sailors, 
which  would  carry  them  to  whatever  quarter  they  pleased.  See  Olaus 
Magnus. 

•  This  simile  may  be  found  in  prose  in  Butler's  Remains,  vol.  i.  p.  298 : 
"For  as  when  the  sea  breaks  over  its  bounds  and  overflows  the  land, 
those  dams  and  banks  that  were  made  to  keep  it  out  do  afterwards  serve  to 
keep  it  in  ;  so  when  tjTanny  and  usurpation  break  in  upon  the  common 
right  and  freedom,  the  laws  of  Ood  ami  of  the  land  are  abused,  to  support 
that  which  they  were  intended  to  oppose" 

»   Var    "TvTannick  usurpation,"  after  1700. 

•  A  hit  at  the  common  forms  of  Ohanccrv  practice.  Hut  Grey  thinks  the 
poet  h.^s  in  mind  the  joke  propagated  by  Sir  Roger  I.'Kstrange,  Fable61. 
"A  gentleman  that  had  a  suit  in  Thanccrv  w:is  called  upon  bv  his  counsej 
to  put  in  his  answer,  for  fear  of  incuning  a  contempt.  AVcll.  says  the 
C«v»l»r,  und  why  is  not  my  answer  p  it  in   hen  ?     How  should  1  draw  jouj 


365 


370 


jgg  HUDIBKAS.  [PAIIT    II 

Is  not  tlie  winding  up  witnesses,' 

And  nicking,  more  than  half  the  bus'ness  ?  360 

For  witnesses,  like  watches,  go 

Just  as  they're  set,  too  fast  or  slow ! 

And  where  in  conscience  they're  strait-lac  d, 

'Tis  ten  to  one  that  side  is  cast. 

Do  not  your  juries  give  their  verdict 

As  if  they  felt  the  cause,  not  heard  it  ? 

And  as  they  please  make  matter  o'  fact 

Eun  all  on  one  side  as  they're  packt? 

Nature  has  made  man's  breast  no  windores, 

To  publish  what  he  does  within-doors  ; 

Nor  what  dark  secrets  there  inhabit, 

Unless  his  own  rash  folly  blab  it. 

If  oaths  can  do  a  man  no  good 

In  his  own  bus'ness,  why  they  shou'd 

In  other  matters  do  him  hurt,  375 

I  think  there's  little  reason  for't. 

He  that  imposes  an  oath  makes  it,'' 

Not  he  that  for  convenience  takes  it : 

Then  how  can  any  man  be  said 

To  break  an  oath"  he  never  made  ? 

These  reasons  may  perhaps  look  oddly 

To  th'  wicked,  tho'  they  evince  the  godly ; 

But  if  they  will  not  serve  to  clear 

My  honour,  I  am  ne'er  the  near. 

Honour  is  like  that  glassy  bubble. 

That  finds  philosophers  such  trouble  ; 

Whose  least  part  crack'd,  the  whole  does  fly, 

And  wits  are  crack'd  to  find  out  why.' 

n  SStTnCn  td  lre"alLJto  d'o  the^art  of  a  gentleman,  and 

'^'"hes'e  lines,  thanks  to  the  "vitalitv"  of  English  law,  are  as  se- 
vereW  satirical  now  as  thev  were  two  hundred  years  ago. 

'This  and  the  following  are  two  of  the  best  remembered  and  oftone..t 
qnoted  line7of  nldlbras.^  See  line  275,  above,  where  the  same  thought  >s 

"rThis^kassy  bubble  is  the  well-known  Prince  Rupert's  drop,  so  called 
because  the  pnnce  first  introduced  the  knowledge  of  it  to  this  country  I« 
i/,f  commorglass,  in  size  and  shape  like  the  accompanying  figure;  and 


.>^> 


380 


385 


CASTO  II.]  HroinRAS. 


189 

390 


Quotli  R;il|)lio,  HoiKuir's  but  a  word 
Ti)  swear  by  ouly  in  a  lord :  ' 
In  other  men  'tis  but  a  huff 
To  vapour  with,  instead  of  proof; 
That  like  a  won  looks  biij  and  swells, 
]s  senseless,  and  just  nothing  else.'  ' 

Let  it,  quoth  he,  be  what  ft  will,  393 

It  has  the  world's  opinion  still. 
Kut  as  men  are  not  wise,  that  run 
The  slightest  hazard  thev  may  shmi ; 
There  may  a  medium  be' found  out 
To  clear  to  all  the  world  the  doubt ;  400 

And  that  is.  if  a  man  mav  do't. 
By  proxy  whipp'd.  or  substitute.^ 

Though  nice  and  dark  the  point  aiiiiear 
Quoth  Kalph,  it  may  hold  up  and  clear.  ' 
That  sinners  may  supply  the  place  405 

Ot  surtering  saints,  is  a  plain  case. 
Justice  gives  sentence,  many  times, 
On  one  man  for  another's  crimes. 

Its  pocnliar  pro_perties  are,  that  it  will  sustain  without  infurv  vorv  he.ivv 
blows  upon  tf,o  body,  D,  E  ;  but  if  broken  at  B,  or  C,  the  ihol.  ,  „,,  v  H 
Durst  mto  powder  with  great  violence.     If  the  tip,  A,  be  broken  ^tf.b" 


bubble  will  not  bur^t.     They  are  described  in  Beckmann's  History  of  In- 

]^TZ  11        '    '^";  '■"'■  !'•  P-  \^''  ^'■^-     '^^'  '""^^ of  "'"^  peciiaritics 
rendered  them  a  gieat  puzzle  to  the  curious. 

'  Peers,  when  they  give  judgment,  are  not  sworn  :  they  say  only  uDon 
my  honour.     See  lines  262,  26;j,  above.  j.  uf"u 

•  Ralpho  was  much  of  Falstars  opinion  with  regard  to  honour.  See 
Menrv  1\  .  I'art  I.  Act  v.  sc.  1. 

'  \\^e  are  told  in  the  Tatler,  No.  92,  "that  pages  are  chastised  for  the 
admonition  of  princes."  Sec  an  account  of  Mr  Slurray  of  the  bed-cbnm- 
fS^lwAJf  ''■h'PP'nK-boy  to  King  Charles  I.,  in  Burnet's  Own  Times 
(Bohn  8  edit,  p  99).  llenry  IV ,  of  France,  when  absolved  of  his  excom- 
munication and  heresy  by  Pope  Clement  VIII.,  received  chastisement  in 
w    a!'c*"di"'  I       '^P'^^""""^**.  Messrs  D'Ossat  and  Du  Perron  itter- 


190  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET    II. 

Our  brethren  of  New  England  use 

Choice  malefactors  to  excuse,'  *lt- 

And  hang  the  guiltless  in  their  stead, 

Of  whom  the  churches  have  less  need. 

As  lately  't  happen' d :  in  a  town 

There  li'v'd  a  cobler,  and  but  one, 

That  out  of  doctrine  could  cut  use,  416 

And  mend  men's  lives  as  well  as  shoes. 

This  precious  brother  having  slain, 

In  times  of  peace,  an  Indian, 

Not  out  of  malice,  but  mere  zeal," 

Because  he  was  an  infidel,  ♦-O 

The  mighty  Tottipottimoy  * 

Sent  to  our  elders  an  envoy, 

Complaining  sorely  of  the  breach 

Of  league,  held  forth  by  brother  Patch, 

Against  the  articles  in  force  *2r, 

Between  both  churches,  his  and  ours ; 

For  which  he  crav'd  the  saints  to  render 

Into  his  hands,  or  hang  th'  offender  : 

But  they  maturely  having  weigh'd 

They  had  no  more  but  him  o'  th'  trade ;  430 

A  man  that  serv'd  them  in  a  double 

Capacity,  to  teach  and  cobble  ; 

Eesolv'd  to  spare  him  :  yet  to  do 

The  Indian  Hoghan  Moghan  too 

•  This  story  is  asserted  to  be  true,  in  the  note  subjoined  to  t''.^  ^^^>ly 
editions.  A  similar  one  is  related  by  Grey,  from  Morton's  English  Ca- 
naan printed  1637.  A  lusty  youns  fellow  was  eondemned  to  be  hanged 
^'r  steal  no.  corn ;  but  it  was-formally  proposed  in  eouncil  o  execute  a  bed- 
ridden  old  man  iA  the  offender's  clothes,  whieh  would  satis  y  appearances, 
and  preser."  a  useful  member  to  society.  Grey  mentions  hWse  a  et  ev 
from  the  committee  of  Stafford  to  Speaker  Lenthall,  dated  Aug.  5,  164.5, 
desfrino-  a  respite  for  Henry  Steward,  a  soldier  under  the  governor  of 
Ha  "lehu?v  Castle,  and  offering  two  Irishmen  to  be  executed  m  l"s  s^^d- 
Mpho  cans  them  his  brethreS  of  New  England,  because  the  inhabitants 
there  were  generally  Independents. 

2  Just  so  says  Grey,  Ap  Evans  acted,  who  murdered  his  mother  and 
his  brother  for  kneeling  at  the  Sacrament,  alleging  that  this  was  idolatry. 

>  This  is  not  a  real  name,  but  merely  a  ludierous  i>?it''«i«°  »/ ''j''.^™"™"; 
appellations  of  the  Indian  Sachems;  as  is  the  other  name  in  line  431, 
below. 


C-^^l*^    1']  niDIBKAS. 


Impartial  justice,  in  his  stead  did 

Hang  an  old  weaver  that  was  hed-rid  : 

Then  wherefore  may  not  you  be  skippM, 

And  in  your  room  another  whipp'd  ? 

For  all  philosophers,  but  the  Sceptie," 

Hold  whipping  may  be  sympathetic.  440 

It  is  enough,  qiioth  Hudibras, 
Thou  hast  resolv'd,  and  elenr'd  the  case ; 
And  canst,  in  conscience,  not  refuse, 
From  thy  own  doctrine,  to  raise  nse':' 
I  know  thou  wilt  not,  for  my  sake,  115 

Tie  tender-eonscienc'd  of  thv  back ': 
Then  strip  thee  of  thy  carnal  jerkin. 

And  give  thy  outward  fellow  a  Hrking; 

Yor  when  thy  vessel  is  new  hoop'd, 

All  leaks  of  sinning  will  be  stopp'd.  4.5,, 

Quoth  Ealpho.  Tou  mistake  the  matter, 

For  in  all  scruples  of  this  nature, 

^o  man  includes  himself,  nor  turns 

The  point  upon  his  own  concerns. 

-A  s  no  man  of  his  ow  n  self  catches 

The  itch,  or  amorous  French  achea;^ 

So  no  man  does  himself  convince, 

By  his  own  doctrine,  of  his  sins: 

And  though  all  cry  dow n  self,  none  means 

His  own  self  in  a  literal  sense  ; 

Besides,  it  is  not  only  foppish, 

But  vile,  idolatrous,  and  popish. 

For  one  man  out  of  his  own  skin 

To  firk  and  whip  another's  sin  ;* 

i  J.  T^i  5"ft  ''^°  ^"^^  J*""  certninty  was  not  .ilfainable  on  any  9„b- 
rl'^.n'^  doubted  «„.ahonaU««.thcT,  nre  h.Tc  wi„ilv  satirized  as  ro  usin- 
to  a,v.cnt  to  Ralpho'8  doctnno  of  sympath.ti,-  wl,i,,,,i,;^,.     The  philoTmhcT'; 

^t.r  »^h"^  "■  V"  T.  ^'"'■^"'  ^'"^y-  "f''»  -l^"  theme  oZtler" 
banter,  and  some  then  credulous  memlRTs  of  the  Royal  Society. 

'  A  favourite  expression  of  the  sectaries  of  those  days. 

•  A  banter  on  the  popish  doctrine  of  satisfacti  on  and  supererogation. 


455 


4CII 


19-2 


TJUDrBllAS.  15'^'^T    IT. 

As  pedants  out  of  school-boys;  hreeclies  4f  4 

bo  claw  and  curry  their  own  itches. 

But  in  this  case  it  is  profane, 

And  sinful  too,  because  in  vain  ; 

For  we  must  take  our  oaths  upon  it 

Tou  did  the  deed,  when  I  have  done  it.  4,0 

Quoth  Hudibras,  That's  answer'd  soon; 
Give  us  the  whip,  we'll  lay  it  on. 

Quoth  Ealpho,  That  you  may  swear  true, 
'Twere  properer  that  I  whipp'd  you  ; 
Por  when  with  your  consent  'tis  done. 
The  act  is  really  your  own. 
Quoth  Hudibras,  It  is  m  vain, 

I  see,  to  argue  'gainst  the  grain  ; 

Or,  like  the  stars,  incline  men  to 

AVhat  they're  averse  themselves  to  do  : 

For  when  disputes  are  weary'd  out, 

'Tis  interest  still  resolves  the  doubt : 

But  since  no  reason  can  confute  ye, 

I'll  try  to  force  you  to  your  duty ; 

For  so  it  is,  howe'er  you  mince  it ; 

As,  ere  we  part,  I  shall  evince  it. 

And  curry,  if  you  stand  out,  whether 

Tou  will  or  no,  your  stubborn  leather. 

Canst  thou  refuse  to  bear  thy  part 

I'  th'  public  work,  base  as  thou  art .'' 

To  hio-"le  thus,  for  a  few  blows,' 

To  gaiS  thy  Knight  an  op'leut  spouse, 

Whose  wealth  his  bowels  yearn  to  purchase, 

Merely  for  th'  int'rest  of  the  churches  :■ 

And  when  he  has  it  in  his  claws. 
Will  not  be  hide-bound  to  the  Cause  ; 

.  In  Spectator,  No.  157,  are  to  be  found  remarks  illustrative  of  this  pe- 

i;"   nM  on'oituflel's  heroes  than  in  the  Don  and  Sancho^    _ 

^  .  See  Don  Quixote,  chap.  68,  for  the  like  reproaches   adm,uisterea  b, 

the  knight  to  his  squire, 


475 


480 


483 


490 


495 


CANTO    II.]  HruiBRAB.  X<)3 

Kor  shall  tliou  find  him  a  curmutltjin,' 

If  thou  dis])atc-h  it  without  grudgiu"  i 

If  not,  resolve,  before  we  "o, 

That  you  and  I  must  pull^a  crow.^  600 

Ye  'ad  best,  quoth  Ealplio,  as  the  ancients  » 
Say  wisely,  have  a  care  o"  th'  main  chance, 
And  look  before  you,  ere  you  leap  ; 
For  as  you  sow  y'  are  like  to  reap  :' 
And  were  y'  as  good  as  George-a-green,«  505 

I  should  make  bold  to  turn  agen ; 
Kor  am  I  doubtful  of  the  issue 
In  a  just  quarrel,  as  mine  is  so. 
Is  't  fitting  for  a  man  of  honour 
To  whip  the  saints,  like  Bishop  Bonner  r*  510 

A  knight  t'  usurp  the  beadle's  office, 
For  which  y'  are  like  to  raise  brave 'trophies  Y 
But  I  advise  you,  not  for  fear, 
But  for  your  owa  sake,  to  forbear  ; 
And  for  the  churches,  which  may  chance  616 

From  hence,  to  spring  a  variance, 
And  raise  among  themselves  new  scruples, 
Whom  common  danger  hardly  couples, 
Eemember  how  in  arms  and  politics, 
We  still  have  worsted  all  your  holy  tricks  ;*  62o 

'  A  niggardly  churl  The  derivation  from  c^r  mechant,  obtained  h, 
Dt  Johnson  from  an  "unknown  correspondent,"  and  Ash's  mistake  in  a^- 
euming  this  sipaturc  to  be  a  translation  of  the  French  words,  is  one  of 
the  best  etymolnfrical  jokes  extant. 

'  See  Ilandboi.k  of  Prorerbs,  p.  155. 

«nlS''^'n  nfr'^'/if''  'fS'^'y  i"  proverbs  ;-these  are  found  and 
explained  in  Uandhonk  of  Proverbs,  pp.  113   .•io.3 

>  This  is  no  other  than  the  Pinder  of  M'akotii'.ld,  who  fought  and  boat 
Hoo^",V"alnd"'Tt    p''/'"''  •'"''"•  ""  ">ree' together.^  See  Rob 
?*™,.  .J"!'  ^'^^"  ".'","''  """''"■•  ^'  ^■^'t'  »"PP"ses,  but  au 

Jfficer  to  enforce  the  law,  being  the  keeper  of  the  parish  pound 

»  Bishop  of  London  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Jfary,  who  is  said  to  havB 
whipped  the  Protestants,  imi.nsoned  on  account  of  ihcir  faith,  with  his  own 
hands,  till  he  was  tired  with  the  violence  of  the  exercise.     Hume's  Ilistorv 

.  U'^"'  P-  ^'^  '  ^°'^'  ^'^"  »"<^  Mimuments,  ed.  157(>  p   1037  ' 

-.n  M      '.";'^P"«i''."'^.  by  their  dexterity  in  intrigue  and  getting  the  armv 

^mnW,"'     •.?:■""■'','""'■  »«T""'"«*i  ""^  Presbvterians,  who  intend  J 
nmpl)  to  inslal  themselves  in  the  pl.ice  of  the  Church  r.f  Knr^land      Tb,„a 


9^  HrDiBEAS.  [^f'-ST  " 

Trepann'd  your  party  with  intrigue, 

And  took  your  grandees  down  a  peg ; 

New-modeU'd  the  army,  and  cashier  d 

AU  that  to  Legion  Smec  adher  d ; 

Made  a  mere  utensil  o'  your  church,  625 

And  after  left  it  in  the  lurch ; 

A  scaffold  to  build  up  our  own, 

ind  when  w'  had  done  ^rth  %  pull  d  it  down  , 

Capoch'  d  '  your  rahhms  of  the  Synod, 

S  snapp'd  their  canons  with  a  vyhy-not. 

Grave  synod-men,  that  were  rever  d 

For  solid  face,  and  depth  ot  heard. 

Their  Classic  model  prov  d  a  maggot, 

Their  Direct'ry  an  Indian  pagod ; 

ind  drown'd  their  discipline  like  a  kitten 

On  which  they  'd  been  so  long  a  sitting  ; 

Decry'ditasaholy  cheat. 

Grown  out  of  date,  aud  obsolete. 

And  all  the  saints  of  the  first  grass,6 

As  castling  foals  of  Balaam's  ass. 

"^  Arthis  the  Knight  grew  high  m  chafe, 

And  staring  furiously  on  Kflph 

He  trembled,  and  look' dpale^ with  ire,' 

Like  ashes  first,  then  red  as  fire. 

.  So  in  the  first  e^Uions   afterwards  altereaoy  ,^  ^  j^^^^f^j 

^^t^^^sT:::^^^^^^  -^^^  ^^^  "'^-^^^ ' 

"'f -^he^f  were\hnssemWy  of  Dmr>es,  whoso  work  was  almost  aU  un- 
done by  the  supremacy  f  ,*^^e  lud^f  dents^  ^  ^^  ^120 
.  The  Directory  was  a  book  drawn  up  uj  ^  Parliament,  con- 
Diviues  and  30  Laymen)  .a°d.P"^l;*^„V,^e  reluTat/on  of  public  worsh  p. 
taining  instructions  to  *^^'^,'"J,"  ?,f/,Xendents  s  tup  freeSom  of  worship. 
^'^^^,^^;:t^^^eSpean..A^^^ 

^'fTrr'prcshyterians,  the  arst  sectaries  that  sprang  up  and  opposed  th, 
"'^'S'tt^llnes  are  not  in  the  first  editions ;  but  were  added  in  1674. 


530 


63S 


640 


CAIfTO    II.]  HITDIBRAS.  195 

Have  I,  quoth  he,  been  ta'en  in  fight,  646 

And  for  so  many  moons  lain  by  't, 
And  when  all  other  moans  did  fail, 

Have  been  exehang'd  for  tubs  of  ale  ?' 

Kot  but  they  thoui,'ht  me  worth  a  ransom 

Mueh  more  consid'rable  and  handsome;  f,r,o 

But  for  their  own  sakes,  and  for  fear 

They  were  not  safe,  when  I  was  there  ; 

Now  to  be  baffied  by  a  scoundrel. 

An  upstart  sect'ry,  and  a  numgi-el,' 

Sueh  as  breed  out  of  peccant  humours  658 

Of  our  own  church,  like  wens  or  tumours, 

And  Lke  a  matrijot  in  a  sore, 

Wou'd  that  which  gave  it  life  devour ; 

It  never  shall  be  done  or  said  : 

With  that  he  seiz'd  upon  his  blade  ; »  s60 

And  Ralpho  too,  as  quick  and  bold, 

Upon  his  basket-hilt  laid  hold, 

"With  equal  readiness  prepar'd. 

To  draw  and  stand  upon  his  guard. 

When  both  were  parted  on  the  sudden,  665 

"With  hideous  clamour,  and  a  loud  one, 

As  if  all  sorts  ofnoi.se  had  been 

Contracted  into  one  loud  din  ; 

Or  that  some  Member  to  be  chosen, 

Had  got  the  odds  above  a  thousand  ;  670 

And,  by  the  greatness  of  his  noise, 

Prov'd  fittest  for  his  country's  choice. 

•  A  contempnran-  note  on  these  lines  quoted  bv  Grey,  says,  "  The  Kni")it 
was  kept  prisoner  in  Exeter,  and  after  several  ehanges  proposed,  hut  none 
accepted,  was  at  last  released  for  a  barrel  of  ale.  as  he  used  upon  all  oc- 
tasions  to  dcelarc."  This  identifies  Hudibras  with  a  living  original  as- 
6ume<l  to  be  Sir  Samuel  Luke. 

'  Thus  Don  Quixote  to  Saneho :  "  How  now,  opprobrious  rascal !  stinkine 
garhe-ealer !  sirrah,  I  will  take  you  and  tie  your  dophip  to  a  tree,  as  naked 
as  your  mother  bore  you."  Sec  note  on  lines  187,  &c. 
•  'oC'^y  <"<""pare3  this  scene  to  the  contest  between  Brutus  and  Cassius, 
in  Shakspeare's  Julius  Cipsar,  Art  iv.  History  relates  that  the  qnarid 
between  the  Presbytrnans  and  the  Independents  proceeded  hiyond  the 
mere  clappin;,'  of  hand  to  sword.  And  Cromwell's  victories,  all  of  which 
were  summed  up  in  Dunbar  fi^ht,  were  the  proof  of  what  RalpUo'i 
"  ba»ket-hilt"  could  do  in  such  a  case. 

o  2 


196 


HUDIBEAS.  [part    II, 

Tliis  strange  surprisal  put  tlie  Kniglit 

And  wrathful  Squire  into  a  fright ; 

And  tho'  they  stood  prepar'd,  with  fatal  575 

Impetuous  rancour,  to  join  battle, 

Both  thought  it  was  the  wisest  course 

To  wave  the  fight,  and  mount  to  horse  ; 

And  to  secure,  by  swift  retreating. 

Themselves  from  danger  of  worse  beating  ;  580 

Yet  neither  of  them  would  disparage, 

By  utt'ring  of  his  mind,  his  courage. 

Which  made  them  stoutly  keep  their  ground, 

"With  horror  and  disdain  wind-bound. 

And  now  the  cause  of  all  their  fear'  685 

By  slow  degrees  approach' d  so  near, 

They  might  distinguish  different  noise  * 

Of  horns,  and  pans,  and  dogs,  and  boys, 

And  kettle-drums,  whose  sullen  dub 

Sounds  like  the  hooping  of  a  tub :_  590 

But  when  the  sight  appear'd  in  view, 

They  found  it  was  an  antique  show  ; 

A  triumph,  that  for  pomp  and  state, 

Did  proudest  Eomans  emulate  :  ^ 

For  as  the  aldermen  of  Eome  696 

Their  foes  at  training  overcome, 

And  not  enlarging  territory. 

As  some,  mistaken,  write  in  story,* 

'  The  poet  does  not  suffer  Ws  heroes  to  proceed  to  open  violence ;  but 
ino-eniously  puts  an  end  to  the  dispute,  by  introducing  them  to  a  new  ad- 
venture.    The  drollery  of  the  following  scene  is  inimitable. 

■^   Kor.  "They  might  discern  respective  noise,"  in  editions  of  1664. 

»  The  Skimmington,  a  ludicrous  cavalcade  in  derision  of  a  husband's  sub- 
mitting to  be  beaten  by  his  wife.  It  consisted  generally  of  a  man  riding 
behind  a  woman,  with  his  face  to  the  horse's  rump,  holding  a  distaff  m  his 
hand  the  woman  aU  the  while  belabouring  him  with  a  ladle.  The  learned 
reader  will  be  amused  by  comparing  this  description  with  the  pompous  ac- 
count of  .^milius's  triumph,  as  described  by  Plutarch,  and  the  satirical 
one  given  by  Juvenal  in  his  tenth  Satire.  The  details  of  the  Skimmington 
are  so  accurately  described  by  the  poet,  that  he  must  have  derived  them 
from  actual  observation.  See  a  fuU  account  of  it  in  Brand's  Popular  An- 
tiquities, vol.  ii.  p.  180  (Bohn's  edition).  „,.,,„ 

*  Our  poet  mi^es  up  together  the  ceremonies  of  enlarging  the  Pomcenum, 
a  Roman  triumph,  a  lord  mayor's  show,  the  exercising  of  the  train-bands, 
»nd  a  borough  election,  in  the  most  wanton  spirit  of  burlesque  poetry. 


CANTO    11.]  HTTDIBEA8.  197 

Being  mounted  in  their  best  array, 

Upon  a  car,  and  who  but  they  ?  600 

And  loUow'd  with  a  wodd  of  tall  lads, 

That  merry  ilitties  troll'd,  a!id  ballads,' 

Did  ride  with  many  a  good-morrow, 

Cryinij,  Iley  for  our  town,  thro'  the  borough  ; 

So  when  this  triumph  drew  so  nigh,  605 

They  might  particulars  descry, 

They  never  saw  two  things  so  pat, 

In  all  respects,  as  this  and  tliat. 

First  he  that  led  the  eavaloate,^ 

Wore  a  sow-gelder's  Ibigellate,  610 

On  which  he  blew  as  strong  a  levet,' 

As  w.dl-feed  lawyer  on  his  brev'ate, 

When  over  one  another's  heads 

They  charge,  three  ranks  at  once,  like  Sweads:* 

Next  pans  aud  kettles  of  all  keys,  015 

From  trebles  down  to  double  base ; 

And  after  them  upon  a  nag. 

That  might  pass  for  a  fore-hand  stag, 

A  cornet  rode,  and  on  his  stafl', 

A  smock  display'd  did  proudly  wave.  620 

Then  bagjiipes  of  the  loudest  drones. 

With  snutHing  broken-winded  tones  ; 

"WTiose  blasts  of  air  in  pockets  shut, 

Sound  filthier  than  from  the  gut, 

And  make  a  viler  noise  than  swine  626 

In  windy  weather,  whea  they  whine. 

'  The  Tnt»»r,  ami  tlie  soldiers  themselves,  had  at  triuraplinl  processions 
the  liberty  of  abusinj]^  their  {general.  Their  inveetives  were  etinimonly  con- 
Teved  in  metre.  See  Suetonius,  Life  of  Julius  Caesar,  p.  33  (IJohn's 
edition). 

'  The  words  at  the  end  of  this  and  the  next  line  were  altered  subse- 
quently into  caratrnHf  ^nf\  Jfat/eltet,  to  the  marrini^  of  the  rhvnie. 

'  liovct  is  a  blast  on  the  trumpet,  a  reveille,  which  used  to  be  sounded 
mnrninff  and  evenin;;  nn  shipl>oard. 

*  Tliis  and  the  pri<edin(t  line  were  added  in  1074.  Itutler  has  departed 
from  the  common  method  of  spellin'.?  tlie  word  Swedes  for  the  sake  of 
rliyme:  in  the  edition  of  1B89,  after  his  death,  it  was  printed  Swceds. 
The  Swedes  appear  to  have  been  the  first  who  practised  firinff  by  two  or 
three  ranks  at  a  time,  over  each  others'  bends  ;  see  Sir  Robert  Monro's 
Memoirs,  and  llarilTs  Yoiin?  .\rtillery-man.  The  Swedes,  under  Gustavut 
Adoluhui,  were  tlie  most  faraoui  stildjers  of  Euri'pe, 


198  HUDIBEAS.  [part    II 

Next  one  upon  a  pair  of  panniers, 

Full  fraught  with  that  which,  for  good  manners, 

Shall  here  be  nameless,  mis'd  with  grains, 

Which  he  dispeus'd  among  the  swains,  630 

And  busily  upon  the  crowd 

At  random  round  about  bestow'd. 

Then  mounted  on  a  horned  horse. 

One  bore  a  gauntlet  and  gilt  spurs, 

Ty'd  to  the  pommel  of  a  long  sword  6E- 

He  held  revers'd,  the  point  turn'd  downward. 

Next  after,  on  a  raw-bon'd  steed,  ^ 

The  conqueror's  standard-bearer  rid. 

And  bore  aloft  before  the  champion 

A  petticoat  display'd,  and  rampant ;'  64C 

Near  whom  the  Amazon  triumphant, 

Bestrid  her  beast,  and  on  the  rump  on't 

Sat  face  to  tail,  and  bum  to  bum, 

The  warrior  whilom  overcome  ; 

Arm'd  with  a  spindle  and  a  distaff,  615 

Which,  as  he  rode,  she  made  him  twist  off; 

And  when  he  loiter' d,  o'er  her  shoulder 

Chastised  the  reformado  soldier.^ 

Before  the  dame,  and  round  about, 

March'd  whifflers,  and  staffiers  on  foot,'  650 

With  lackies,  grooms,  valets,  and  pages, 

In  fit  and  proper  equipages  ; 

Of  whom  some  torches  bore,  some  links, 

Before  the  proud  virago-minx. 

That  was  both  madam  and  a  don,^  666 

Like  Nero's  Sporus,^  or  Pope  Joan  ; 

1  Ridiculing  the  terms  in  which  heralds  hlazon  coats  of  arms. 

»  See  note  on  line  116,  above. 

»  "A  mighty  whiffler  'fore  the  king  seems  to  prepare  his  way."  Henry 
v.,  Act  T.,  chorus.  There  were  whitiiers  formerly  amongst  the  inferior 
officers  of  the  corporation  at  Norwich.  Their  duty  in  recent  times  (before 
the  date  of  the  Municipal  Reform  Act)  was  to  clear  the  way  before  his 
Worship,  as  he  went  to  church  on  Guild-day  ;  which  they  did  by  running  and 
hounding  about,  whirling  all  the  time  with  incredible  agility  a  huge,  blunt, 
two-handled  sword.  The  whifflers  who  now  attend  the  London  companies 
in  processions  are  standard-bearers  and  freemen  carrying  staves.  Staffer 
is  a  staff-bearer,  or  running  footman,  from  the  French  £stafier. 

*  Mistress  and  master, 

s  See  Suetonius'  Life  of  Nero,  for  the  particulars  of  his  marriage  witli 


CAKTO    II.]  HCBIBTlAfl.  199 

And  at  fit  periods  the  whole  ront 

Set  up  their  throats  with  claiii'roiis  shout. 

The  Knis;ht  transported,  and  the  Squire, 

Put  lip  their  weapons  and  their  ire  ;  680 

And  Hudihras,  who  iis'd  to  ponder 

On  such  sights  with  judicious  wonder, 

Could  hold  no  lonpjer.  to  impart 

His  an'niadversions,  for  his  heart. 

Quoth  he.  In  all  my  life  till  now,  663 

I  ne'er  saw  so  profane  a  show  ;' 
It  is  a  pacranish  invention, 
"WTiieh  heathen  writers  often  mention  : 
And  he,  who  made  it,  had  read  Goodwin,* 
Or  Ross,  or  Ca'lius  Ehodosjine,'  670 

With  all  the  Grecian  Speeds  and  Stows,* 
That  hest  describe  tho,se  ancient  shows ; 
And  has  observ'd  all  fit  decorums 
"We  find  describ'd  by  old  historians  :* 

iporusnfter  lie  liad  hpengclded  (Bohn's  transl.  p.  357).  Tlic  story  of  Pope 
(<inii  IS  loo  well  known  to  need  repetition.  Uut  see  notes  on  the  s'ubject  in 
iibbon  (Holm's  edition),  vol.  v.  p.  420. 

'  Tlie  Knijjht's  learning  leads  him  to  see  in  this  burlesque  proression 
nothing  but  paganism,  which  he,  as  a  refonner,  is  bound  to  put  an  end  to 
at  onre. 

•  Thomas  fioodwin  was  a  high  Calvinistie  Independent,  who,  dissatisfied 
with  the  terms  of  nimeonformity  in  Enjland,  bcoanip  for  stjme  vears  I'astor 
of  an  Independent  eonjregatioti  at  Arnheim  in  Holland.  Oii  his  return 
to  England  he  was  elected  one  of  the  AssemWv  of  Dirines,  and  in  IfilO, 
president  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  At  the  licstoration  he  was  ejected,' 
and  died  in  1 1:79.  It  is  however  probable  that  Rutler  means  Dr  Thomas 
Godwyn,  who  wrote  a  celebrated  manual  of  Ilebrcw  Antiquities  entitled 
"  Moses  and  Aaron."  Oxford,  lfil6,  and  another  on  Roman  Antiquities,  pub- 
lished Oxford,  IfilS,  both  of  which  went  through  many  editions. 

'  In  the  editi'in  of  1674,  altered  to, 

I  warrant  him,  and  understood  him. 
Hut  the  older  line  was  restored  in  1704.  The  name  of  Roi!s  has  occurred 
more  than  once  before.  Ludnvicus  Cirlins  Rhodopinus  (I,.  C.  Ricchieri) 
was  bom  at  Rovigo.  about  1460;  and  published  a  voluminous  and  learned 
miscellany  called  I.n-limtet  Anilquir,  of  which  one  of  the  editions  was 
printed  by  Aldus  in  1.516.     He  di<d  in  1.52.5. 

*  Speed  and  Stowe  are  celebrated  English  chroniclers.  Rv  Grecian  Speeds 
and  Stows  he  means,  any  ancient  authors  who  have  explained  the  antiqui- 
ties and  customs  of  Greece. 

»  This  is  an  imperfect  rhyme,  hut  in  English,  to  an  carnot  criticallv acute,  m 
and  11  sound  alike.  So  the  (dd  savings,  ami>ng  the  common  people  taken  for 
rhyme,— A  stitch  in  time  saves  nine.    Tread  on  a  worm,  and  it  will  turn. 


,2 


200  HTTDIBBiS.  [PAET   II. 

For,  as  the  Roman  conqueror,  676 

That  put  an  end  to  foreign  war, 

Ent'ring  the  town  in  triumph  for  it, 

Bore  a  slave  with  him  in  his  chariot ; ' 

So  this  insulting  female  brave 

Carries  behind  her  here  a  slave :  680 

And  as  the  ancients  long  ago. 

When  they  in  field  defy'd  the  foe, 

Hung  out  their  mantles  della  guerre} 

So  her  proud  standard-bearer  here, 

"Waves  on  his  spear,  in  dreadful  manner,  685 

A  Tyrian  petticoat  for  banner.^_ 

Next  links  and  torches,  heretofore 

Still  borne  before  the  emperor : 

And,  as  in  antique  triumphs,  eggs 

Were  borne  for  mystical  intrigues  ;  *  690 

There's  one  with  truncheon,  like  a  ladle, 
That  carries  eggs  too,  fresh  or  adle  : 
And  still  at  random,  as  he  goes. 
Among  the  rabble-rout  bestows. 

Quoth  Ealpho,  Tou  mistake  the  matter ;  695 

For  all  th'  antiquity  you  smatter 
Is  but  a  riding,  us'd  of  course 
When  the  grey  mare's  the  better  horse  ;* 
AVhen  o'er  the  breeches  greedy  women 
right,  to  extend  their  vast  dominion,  TOO 

And  in  the  cause  impatient  Grizel 
Has  drubb'd  her  husband  with  bull's  pizzle, 
And  brought  him  under  covert-haron,^ 
To  turn  her  vassal  with  a  murrain  ; 


'  See  Jut.  Sat.  x.  42  (Bohn's  transl.,  pp.  105  and  443).  ,  ,    ,,,     , 

"-  The  red  flag ;  -whicli  has  always  been  taken  as  a  menace  ot  battle  a 

toufrance.  -r^    ,      l       -        •   .1   +Vo 

3  A  scarlet  pettico.-it,  then  worn  so  commonly.  Butler  has  in  nuna^  tne 
aucieut  poets,  who  are  loud  in  their  praise  of  Tyrian  vestments,  especiaUy 
f)vid,  Catullus,  Tibulhis,  and  Propertius.  . 

4  In  the  orgies  of  Bacchus,  and  the  games  of  Ceres,  eggs  were  earned, 
and  had  a   mystical   import.     In  the  edition  of  1689,  and  some  others, 
.intique  is  spelt  "antick,"  and  perhaps  was  intended  to  signify     mimic, 
as  well  as  "ancient,"  which  is  the  more  probable,  as  eggs  were  never  used  on 
real  triumphs. 

'  Handbook  of  Proverbs,  p.  170.  , 

6  The  wifo  is  said  in  law  to  be  coveH-baron,  or  under  the  protection  ana 
InQuenoe  of  her  husband,  her  lord  and  baron. 


CINTO  II,]  HrDlBRAS.  201 

AVlion  wives  tlieir  sexes  shift,  like  hares,"  70s 

And  ride  their  husbands  like  night-mares; 

And  they,  in  mortal  battle  vanquish'd, 

Are  of  their  charter  discut'ranchis'd, 

And  by  the  right  of  war,  like  gills," 

Condemu'd  to  distaff,  horus,  and  wheels  :3  710 

For  when  men  by  their  wives  are  cow'd, 

Their  horns  of  course  are  understood. 

Quoth  Iludibras,  Thou  still  giv'st  sentence 
Inipertinently,  and  against  sense : 
'Tis  not  the  least  disparagement  715 

To  be  defeated  by  th'  event, 
Xor  to  be  beaten  by  main  force ; 
That  does  not  make  a  man  the  worse, 
Altho'  his  shoulders,  with  battoon. 
Be  elaw'd,  and  cudgell'd  to  some  tune  ;  720 

A  tailor's  'prentice  has  no  hard 
Measure,  that's  bang'd  with  a  true  yard  ; 
But  to  turn  tail,  or  run  away, 
And  without  blows  give  up  the  day; 
Or  to  surrender  ere  the  assault,         '  725 

That's  no  man's  fortune,  but  his  fault ; 
And  renders  men  of  honour  less 
'ihan  all  th'  adversity  of  success  ; 
And  only  unto  such  this  show 

Of  horns  and  petticoats  is  due.  730 

There  is  a  lesser  profanation. 
Like  that  the  Eomans  call'd  ovation :  ♦ 

•  Jfany  have  been  the  vulffar  errors  concerning  the  sexes  of  linrcs,  some 
)f  the  elder  naturalists  pretending  that  they  changed  them  annuallv,  others 
that  hares  were  hermaphrodite.  See  Urowne's  Vul<'ar  Emir?  b  i'ii  e  17 
Ilut  our  poet  here  chiefly  means  to  ridicule  Dr  Hulwcr's  Artificial  Channe- 
ling, p.  407,  who  cites  the  female  patriarch  of  Greece,  and  Pope  Joan°ot 
Kome.  *^ 

'  fiill,  in  the  .Scotch  and  Irish  dialect,  a  girl;  in  Wright's  Glossary  one 
or  the  signihcations  is,  "a  wanton  wench;"  and  so  Ben  Jonson,  in  his 
J^^P''"  ^I'tamorphosed,  uses  it,  "  Give  you  aU  your  611,— each  Jack  with 

d  a  ."  ^'^'*''  "  ''^™  «™  spinning  wheels ;  and  not  those  of  timber-gills  or 

*  At  the  greater  triumph  the  Romans  sacrificed  an  ox ;  at  the  lesser  a 
uieep.     licnce  tha  name  ovation. 


202  HtTDTBBAS  [PAET    II. 

For  as  ovation  was  allow'd 

For  conquest  purchas'd  without  blood  ; 

So  men  decree  those  lesser  shows  735 

For  vict'ry  gotten  without  blows, 

By  dint  of  sharp  hard  words,  which  some 

Give  battle  with,  and  overcome  ; 

These  mounted  in  a  chair-curule, 

"Which  moderns  call  a  cucking-stool,'  740 

March  proudly  to  the  river's  side. 

And  o'er  the  waves  in  triumph  ride ; 

Like  dukes  of  Venice,  who  are  said 

The  Adriatic  sea  to  wed  ;  ^ 

And  have  a  gentler  wife  than  those  715 

For  whom  the  state  decrees  those  shows. 

But  both  are  heathenish,  and  come 

From  th'  whores  of  Babylon  and  Rome, 

And  by  the  saints  should  be  withstood, 

As  antichristian  and  lewd  ;  750 

And  we,  as  such,  should  now  contribute 

Our  utmost  stragglings  to  prohibit.* 

This  said,  they  both  advanc'd,^and  rode 
A  dog-trot  through  the  bawling  crowd 
T'  attack  the  leader,  and  still  prest  755 

'Till  they  approach'd  him  breast  to  breast : 
■   Then  Hudibras,  with  face  and  hand. 
Made  signs  for  silence  ;    which  obtain'd, 
"What  means,  quoth  he,  this  devil's  procession 
With  men  of  orthodox  profession  ?  760 

'  Also  called  ducking-stool  and  other  names.  The  custom  of  ducking 
female  shrews  in  the  water  was  common  in  many  parts  of  England  and 
Scotland.  Such  stools  consisted  of  a  chair  affixed  to  the  end  of  a  long  pole 
or  lever,  by  which  it  was  immerged  in  the  water,  often  some  stinking  pool 
In  some  places  the  chair  was  suspended  by  a  chain  or  a  rope,  and  so  lowered 
from  a  bridge.  For  a  full  account  of  this  once  legal  practice,  see  Brand's 
Popular  Antiquities  (Bohn's  edit.),  vol.  iii.  p.  103,  et  seq. 

2  This  ceremony  is  performed  on  Ascension-day.  It  was  instituted  in 
1174,  by  Pope  Alexander  III.,  who  gave  the  Doge  a  gold  ring  from  his  finger 
in  token  of  the  victory  achieved  by  the  Venetian  fleet  over  Barbarossa ; 
desiring  him  to  commemorate  the  event  annually  by  throwing  a  circular  ring 
into  the  Adriatic.  The  Doge  throws  a  ring  into  the  sea,  while  repeating  the 
words,  "  Desponsamus  te,  mare,  in  signum  veri  et  perpetui  dominii." 

»  Butler  intimates  that  the  sea  is  less  terrible  than  a  scolding  wife. 

«  "  Strugglings  "  was  one  of  the  cant  terms  for  efforts. 

»  Grey  compares  this  advance  of  Hudibras  and  his  squire  to  the  atfacli 


6S 


•70 


CANTO   n.]  UTIDIBEAS.  203 

^is  etiiniqtie  arcl  idolatrous, 
From  lieathenisni  deriv'd  to  ua. 
Does  not  the  whore  of  Bab'lon  ride 
Upon  her  horned  beast  astride, 
Like  this  proud  dame,  ■«  ho  either  is 
A  type  of  lier,  or  she  of  tliis  ? 
Are  things  of  superstitious  function 
Fit  to  be  us'd  in  gospel  sun-shine  ? 
It  is  an  antichristian  opera  ' 
Much  us'd  in  midnight  times  of  popery  • 
A  ninnmg  after  self-inventions 
Of  wicked  and  profane  intentions  • 
To  scandalize  that  sex  for  scolding, 
To  whom  the  saints  are  so  beholden. 
»  omen,  w  ho  were  our  first  apostles  =  77s 

;j\  ithout  whose  aid  w'  had  all  been  lost  else  • 
Women,  that  left  no  stone  unturn'd  ' 

In  which  the  Cause  might  be  eoncern'd  • 
iirought  in  their  children's  spoons  and  whistles  ' 
i  o  purchase  swords,  carbines,  and  pistols  :  '     rgn 

Iheir  husbands,  cullies,  and  sweethearts 
J  o  take  the  saints'  and  church's  parts  ;   ' 

made^upon  the  funeral  proeession  by  Don   Qui.ote  (r.,rt  I.,  book  ii. 
»  Tne  anthor  of  the  Ladies' Calling  observes,  in  his  nrefaee   "!♦  ;»  o 

wmBwmm 
mmmMmm 


204  HtJDIBRAS.  [PABT    11. 

Drew  several  gifted  tiretliren  in, 

That  for  the  bishops  would  have  been, 

And  fix'd  them  constant  to  the  Party,  78S 

"With  motives  powerful  and  hearty  : 

Their  husbands  robb'd  and  made  hard  shifts 

T'  administer  unto  their  gifts 

All  they  could  rap,  and  rend,'  and  pilfer, 

To  scraps  and  ends  of  gold  and  silver  ;  790 

Eubb'd  down  the  teachers,  tir'd  and  spent 

With  holding  forth  for  Parliament  ;* 

Pamper'd  and  edify'd  their  zeal 

With  marrow  puddings  many  a  meal : 

Enabled  them,  with  store  of  meat,  796 

On  controverted  points  to  eat :  ' 

And  cramm'd  them  till  their  guts  did  ache, 

AVith  caudle,  custard,  and  plum-cake. 

AVliat  have  tliey  done,  or  what  left  undone, 

That  mii,'ht  advance  the  Cause  at  Loudon  ?  800 

March vf  rani;  and  Kle,  with  drum  and  ensign, 

T'  eutreuch  the  city  for  defence  in; 

Eais'd  rampires  with  their  own  soft  hands,* 

To  put  the  enemy  to  stands  ; 

From  ladies  dowii  to  oyster-wenches  806 

Labour'd  like  pioneers  in  trenches, 

Tell  to  their  pick-axes  and  tools, 

And  help'd  the  men  to  dig  like  moles  ? 

1  Var.   "  Rap  and  run  "  in  the  first  four  editions. 

2  Dr  Ecliard  thus  describes  these  preaehers :  "  coiners  of  new  phrases, 
drawers  out  of  long  godly  words,  thick  pnurers  out  of  tests  of  Scripture, 
mimical  squeakers  ami  l)i  lit.wers,  vain-glorious  admirers  only  of  themselves, 
and  those  of  tlieir  own  fashiimed  face  and  gesture  :  such  as  those  shall  be 
followed  and  worshipped,  sliall  have  their  bushels  of  China  oranges,  shall  be 
solaced  with  all  manner  of  cnrdii.1  essences  and  elixirs,  and  shall  be  rubbed 
down  with  Holland  of  ton  shillings  an  eU."     See  also  Spectator,  p.  46. 

3  That  is,  to  eat  plentifully  of  dainties,  of  which  they  would  sometimes 
controvert  the  lawfulness  to  eat  at  all.  . 

'  When  London  was  expected  to  be  attacked,  and  m  several  sieges  during 
the  civil  war,  the  women,  even  the  ladies  of  rank  and  fortune,  not^  only  en- 
courao-ed  the  men,  and  supplied  them  handsomely  with  provisions  but 
worked  with  their  own  hands  in  digging  and  raising  fortifications.  Lady 
Middlesex,  Lady  Foster,  Lady  Anne  Waller,  and  Jlrs  Dunch,  have  been 
particularly  celebrated  for  thei'r  activity.  The  Knighfs  learned  harangue  13 
here  archly  interrupted  by  the  mauual  wit  of  one  who  hits  him  in  the  eye 
with  a  rotten  egg. 


CA^TO   n.]  HTIDIBHAS.  205 

ITave  not  the  handmaids  of  the  city  ' 

Chose  of  their  members  a  committee,  810 

For  raisini^  of  a  common  purse 

Out  of  their  waives,  to  raise  horse  ? 

And  do  they  not  as  triers  sit ' 

To  judije  what  officers  are  fit  ? 

Have  they At  that  an  egg  let  fly,  815 

Hit  him  directly  o'er  the  eye, 

And  running  down  his  cheek,  besmear' J, 

AVith  orange-tawny  '  slime,  his  beard  ; 

But  beard  and  slime  be'ng  of  one  hue. 

The  wound  the  less  appear'd  in  view.  820 

Then  he  that  on  the  panniers  rode 

Let  fly  on  th'  other  side  a  load, 

And  quickly  charg'd  again,  gave  fully. 

In  Balplio's  face,  .inother  volley. 

The  Knight  was  startled  with  the  smell,  823 

And  for  his  sword  began  to  feel ; 

And  Ealpho,  smother'd  witli  the  stink, 

Grasp'd  his,  when  one  that  bore  a  link, 

O'  the  sudden  clapp'd  his  flaming  cudgel, 

Like  linstock,  to  the  horse's  touch-hole  ;^  830 

And  straight  another,  with  h\s  fiamheaii. 

Gave  Ealpho,  o'er  the  eyes,  a  damn'd  blow. 

The  beasts  began  to  kick  and  fling. 

And  forc'd  the  rout  to  make  a  ring ; 

'  Handmaids  was  a  favourite  expression  of  the  p\iritans  for  women. 

'  This  was  the  sneerini  statement  of  a  satire  callnd  the  "Parliament  of 
Indies,"  printed  in  1647.  The  writer  says:  that  divers  weak  persons 
baring  crept  into  places  beyond  their  abilities,  the  House  determined,  to  tlio 
end  that  men  of  greater  parts  might  he  mit  into  their  rooms,  that  tho 
Ijidies  'Waller,  Middlesex,  Foster,  and  Afrs  Dunch,  by  reason  of  their  great 
experience  in  soldierv,  be  appointed  a  rnmmillee  of  tryers  for  the  business. 

•  Bottom,  the  weaver  fin  Jlids.  Xighfs  Dream),  might  have  suggested 
this  epithet,  who  asks  in  what  heard  be  shall  play  the  part  of  Pyramus  ? 
"  whether  in  a  perfect  yellow  heard,  an  ornngt-tmeny  beard,  or  a  purple- 
in-grain  beard  ?  "  Orange-tawnv  was  the  colour  adopted  by  the  Pariiament 
troops  at  first,  being  the  colours  of  Es-sei,  who  was  Lord-general.  It 
was,  otherwise,  assigned  to   Jews  and   to  inferior  persons.     See  13aeon, 

E.ssaT  xli.  3    ,v     •     -f 

«  LinstoeV,  from  the  German  Linilm-itoek  (a  lime-tree  cudgel),  signifiei 
the  rod  of  wood  with  a  match  at  the  end  of  it,  used  by  gunners  in  finng 
cannon. 


206  HmiBBAS.  [part  ii. 

Thro'  which  they  quickly  broke  their  ivay,  83E 

And  brought  them  off  from  further  fray  ; 

And  the'  disorder' d  in  retreat, 

Each  of  them  stoutly  kept  his  seat ; 

For  quitting  both  their  swords  and  reins, 

They  grasp'd  with  all  their  strength  the  manes ;     84C 

And,  to  avoid  the  foe's  pursuit, 

"With  spurring  put  their  cattle  to't, 

And  till  all  four  were  out  of  wind, 

And  danger  too,  ne'er  look'd  behind.' 

After  they'd  paus'd  awhile,  supplying  845 

Their  spirits,  spent  with  fight  and  flying, 

And  Hudibras  recruited  force 

Of  lungs,  for  action  or  discourse  : 

Quoth  he,  That  man  is  sure  to  lose 
That  fouls  his  hands  with  dirty  foes  :  85C 

For  where  no  honour's  to  he  gain'd, 
'Tis  thrown  away  in  be'ng  maiutain'd : 
'Twas  ill  for  us  we  had  to  do 
With  so  dishon'rable  a  foe  : 

For  tho'  the  law  of  arms  doth  bar  80S 

The  use  of  venom' d  shot  in  war,^ 
Yet  by  the  nauseous  smell,  and  noisome, 
Their  case-shot  savours  strong  of  poison  ; 
And,  doubtless,  have  beeu  chew'd  with  teeth 
Of  some  that  had  a  stinking  breath ;  800 

Else  when  we  put  it  to  the  push, 
They  had  not  giv'n  us  such  a  brush  : 
But  as  those  poltroons  that  fling  dirt, 
Do  but  defile,  but  cannot  hurt ; 

So  aU  the  honour  they  have  won,  865 

Or  we  have  lost,  is  much  at  one. 

>  Presumed  to  be  a  sneer  at  the  Earl  of  Argyll,  who  more  than  once  fled 
from  Montrose  and  never  looked  behind  till  he  was  out  of  danger,  as  at 
Inverary  in  1644,  luverlochie,  and  Kilsyth;  and  iu  like  manner  from 
llonro  at  Stirling  Bridge,  wliere  he  did"  not  look  behind  him  till,  after 
eighteen  miles  hard  riding,  he  had  reached  the  North  Queen's  ferry  and 
possessed  himself  of  a  boat,  whence  arose  the  saying—"  One  pair  of  heels  ■• 
worth  two  pairs  of  hands." 

'  "  Abusive  language  and  fustian  are  as  unfair  m  controversy  as  poison- 
ed arrows  or  chewed  bullets  in  battle." 


CANTC    II.]  HTJDIBEA8.  207 

'Twas  well  we  made  so  resolute 

A  brave  retreat,  without  pursuit ; ' 

For  if  we  had  not,  we  had  sped 

Much  worse,  to  be  iu  triumph  led  ;  870 

Than  whieh  the  ancients  held  no  state 

Of  man's  lite  more  unfortunate. 

But  if  this  bold  adventure  e'er 

Do  chance  to  reach  the  ^\idow's  ear, 

It  may,  being  destin'd  to  assert  875 

Her  se.x's  honour,  reach  her  heart : 

And  as  such  homely  treats,  they  say, 

Portend  good  fortune,^  so  this  may. 

Vespasian  being  daub'd  with  dirt* 

Was  destin'd  to  the  empire  for't  ;*  880 

Aiid  from  a  scavenger  did  come 

To  be  a  miglity  prince  in  Eome : 

'  In  both  editions  of  1664,  this  line  ends  "— t'  avoid  pursuit." 

•  The  original  of  the  coarse  proverb  here  alluded  to  (Handbook  of  Pro- 
verbs, p.  131)  was  the  glorious  battle  of  Agincourt,  when  the  English  were 
60  afflioted  with  the  dysentery  that  most  of  thcni  chose  to  fight  naked  from 
the  girdle  downward.     It  is  thus  cited  in  the  Rump  Songs,  vol.  ii.  p.  39. 

There's  another  proverb  gives  the  Rump  for  his  crest, 

But  Alderman  Atkins  made  it  a  jest. 

That  of  all  kinds  of  luck,  shitten  luck  is  the  best. 

'  This  and  the  five  following  lines  were  not  in  the  two  first  editions,  but 
were  added  in  1674. 

*  Suctimius,  in  the  Life  of  Vespasian,  sect,  v.,  says,  "When  he  was  cedile, 
Caligula,  being  enraged  .at  his  not  taking  care  to  keep  the  streets  clean,  or- 
dered him  to  be  covered  with  mud,  which  the  soldiers  heaped  up  even  into 
the  bosom  of  his  pra;texta  ;  and  there  were  not  wanting  those  who  fore- 
told that  at  some  time  the  state,  trodden  down  and  neglected  through  civil 
discord,  would  come  into  his  guardianship,  or  as  it  were  into  his  bosom." 
See  Bohn's  Suetoniu-i,  p.  446.  But  Dio  Cassius,  with  all  his  superstition, 
acknowledges  that  the  secret  meaning  of  the  circumstance  was  not  discover- 
ed fill  after  the  event.  Nash  thinks  that  Butler  might  also  have  in  view 
the  following  story  told  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  afterward  Lord  Protector. 
^\'hen  young  he  was  invited  by  Sir  Oliver  CromwiU,  his  uncle  and  god- 
father, to  some  Christmas  revels  given  for  the  entertainment  of  King  James 
I.,  when,  indulging  his  love  for  fun,  he  went  to  the  ball  with  his  hands  and 
clothes  besmeared  with  excrement,  to  the  great  disgu.st  of  the  company  : 
for  which  outrage  the  m,ister  of  misrule  ordered  him  to  bo  ducked  m  tna 
horscpnnd.  Nohlc's  Memoirs  of  the  CromwuU  Family,  vol.  i.  p.  98,  and 
Uute'a  Elunchus  Mutuum. 


SQ8 


EU  DIB  BAB, 


[part    II, 


And  why  may  not  this  foul  address 

Presage  in  love  the  same  success  ? 

Then  let  us  straight,  to  cleanse  our  wounds,  885 

Advance  in  quest  of  nearest  ponds  ; 

And  after,  as  we  first  design' d, 

Swear  I've  perform'd  what  she  enjoin'd' 

'  The  Knight  resolves  to  wash  his  face  and  foul  his  conscience ;  he  wis 
no  longer  for  reducing  Ealpho  to  a  whipping,  but  for  deceiving  the  widuw 
by  forswearing  himselif. 


PART  n.    CANTO  m. 


ARGUMENT. 

The  "Knislit,  with  various  doubts  possest, 

To  win  the  Lady  goes  in  quest 

Of  Sidrophel  the  Ifosj-crucian, 

To  know  the  dest'nies'  resolution : 

With  whom  b'ing  met,  they  both  chop  logic 

About  the  science  astrologic ; 

Till  falling  from  dispute  to  fight, 

The  Conj'rer's  worsted  by  the  Knight. 


PART  II.     CANTO  III.' 


OTJBTLESS  the  pleasure  is  as  great 
Of  being  cheated,  as  to  cheat ;' 
As  lookers-on  feel  most  delight, 
That  least  perceive  a  juggler's  slight. 
And  still  the  less  they  understand,  5 

The  more  th'  admire  his  slight  of  hand. 
Some  with  a  noise,  and  greasy  light, 

Are  snapt,  as  men  catch  larks  by  night,^ 

Ensnar'd  and  hamper'd  by  the  soul, 

As  nooses  by  the  legs  catch  fowl.*  10 

Some,  with  a  med'cine  and  receipt, 

Are  drawn  to  nibble  at  the  bait ;  * 

'  As  the  subject  of  this  canto  is  the  dispute  between  Hudibras  and  an 
astrologer,  it  is  prefaced  by  some  reflections  on  the  credulity  of  men,  which 
exposes  them  to  the  artifices  of  cheats  and  impostors,  not  only  to  such  as 
lawyers,  physicians,  and  divines,  but  even  astrologers,  wizards,  and  fortune- 
tellers, Dr  James  Young,  in  his  Sidrophel  Vapulans,  &c.  (p.  35),  tells  a 
good  tale  of  an  astrologer  begging  Pope  Gregory  the  Seventh  (who  en- 
couraged his  art)  to  assign  it  a  patron  saint,  and  being  left  to  choose  for 
himself,  did  so  blindfold,  and  laid  his  hand  on  the  image  of  the  Devil  in 
combat  with  St  Michael.  He  does  not  say  whether  the  astrologer  was  con- 
tent, or  whether  the  Holy  Father  confirmed  his  choice. 

-  This  famous  couplet  is  enlarged  on  by  Svrift,  in  his  Tale  of  a  Tub,  in 
treating  of  the  pleasures  of  mental  delusion,  where  he  says  that  the  happiness 
of  life  consists  in  being  well  deceived. 

3  This  alludes  to  the  morning  and  evening  lectures,  which,  in  those  times 
of  pretended  reformation  and  godliness,  were  delivered  by  candle-light,  in 
many  churches,  during  a  great  part  of  the  year.  To  maintain  and  frequent 
these,  was  deemed  the  greatest  evidence  of  religion  and  sanctity.  The 
gifted  preachers  were  very  loud.  The  simile  is  taken  from  the  method  of 
catching  larks  at  night,  in  some  countries,  by  means  of  a  bell  and  a 
lanthorn  :  that  is,  by  first  alarming  them,  and  then  blinding  them  with  a 
light,  so  that  they  are  easily  caught. 

♦  'Woodcocks,  and  some  other  birds,  are  caught  in  springes. 

»  Are  cheated  by  quacks  who  boast  of  nostrums  and  infallible  receipts. 


Canto  hi.]  hudibras.  211 

And  tho'  it  be  a  two-foot  trout, 
"lis  with  a  single  hair  pull'd  out.' 

Others  believe  no  voice  t'  an  organ  15 

So  sweet  as  lawyer's  in  his  bar-gown,' 
Until,  with  subtle  cobweb-cheats, 
They're  catch'd  iu  knotted  law,  like  nets ; 
In  which,  when  once  they  are  inibraugled. 
The  more  they  stir,  the  liiore  they're  tangled ,  2  i 

And  while  their  purses  can  dispute, 
There's  no  end  of  th'  immortal  suit. 

Others  still  gape  f  anticipate 
The  cabinet  designs  of  fate, 

Apply  to  wizards,  to  foresee  '  26 

What  shall,  and  what  shall  never  be  ;  * 
And  as  those  vultures  do  forbode,* 
Believe  events  prove  bad  or  good. 
A  flam  more  senseless  than  the  roguery 
Of  old  aruspicy  and  aug'ry,"  30 

That  out  of  garbages  of  cattle 
Presag'd  th'  events  of  truce  or  battle  ; 
From  Hight  of  birds,  or  chickens  pecking. 
Success  of  great'st  attempts  would  reckon  : 

'  That  is,  though  a  man  of  discernment,  and  one  as  unlikelyto  be  cau^lit 
by  a  medicine  and  a  receipt,  as  a  trout  two  feet  long  to  be  pilUed  out  b^v  ;. 
•ingle  hair.  or 

■  In  the  hope  of  success  many  are  led  into  law-suits,  from  which  they  are 
not  able  to  extricate  themselves  till  they  are  quite  ruined.     See  Amniiauus 
JlarccUinus,  lib.  in.  cap.  4,  where  the  evil  practices  of  lawyers  in  the  Ro- 
man fcmpire  are  described,  in  terms  not  unsuitable  to  modern  times 
Jar.  Run  after  wizards  ;  in  editions  of  1664-. 

•  Thus  Horace,  in  his  fifth  Satire,  Book  ii.  v.  ,59 : 

0  son  of  great  Laertes,  everything 

Shall  come  to  pass,  or  never,  as  I  sing ; 

For  Phoebus,  monarch  of  the  tuneful  Nine, 

Informs  my  soul,  and  gives  me  to  divine. 
'  Alluding  to  th;  opinion  taat  viltt  .es  repair  beforehand  to  the  place 
where  battles  will  be  fo-igh'.     Vulfires  being  bir'l.  of  prey,  the  word  is 
here  used  in  a  double  sc.-.sc. 

•  Aruspicy  was  divination  by  sacrifice ;  by  the  behaviour  of  the  beast 
before  it  was  slain,  by  the  appearance  of  its  entrails,  or  of  the  flames 
while  it  was  burning  Augury  was  divination  from  appearances  in  the 
heavens,  thunder,  lightning,  Ac,  also  from  birds,  their  flight,  chatter- 
ing, manner  of  feeding.  &c.  Cato  used  to  sav,  somewhat  shrewdiv,  that  hu 
niarnlUd  how  an  augur  could  keep  his  couiit«iiance  when  ho  met  a  brotlier 
ot  the  College. 

pa 


212  HTTDIBEAS.  [PAET   II. 

Tho'  cheats,  yet  more  intelligible  35 

Than  those  that  with  the  stars  do  fribhie. 

This  Hudibras  by  proof  found  true, 

As  in  due  time  and  place  -we'll  shew : 

For  he,  with  beard  and  face  made  clean, 

Being  mounted  on  his  steed  again,  40 

And  Kalpho  got  a  cock-horse  too, 

Upon  his  beast,  with  much  ado, 

Advanc'd  on  for  the  widow's  house, 

T'  acquit  himself  and  pay  his  vows  ; 

"When  various  thoughts  began  to  bustle  45 

And  with  his  inward  man  to  justle.' 

He  thought  what  danger  might  accrue. 

If  she  should  find  he  swore  untrue  ; 

Or  if  his  squire  or  he  should  fail. 

And  not  be  punctual  in  their  tale,  50 

It  might  at  once  the  ruin  prove 

Both  of  his  honour,  faith,  and  love  : 

But  if  he  should  forbear  to  go, 

She  might  conclude  he'd  broke  his  vow  ; 

And  that  he  durst  not  now,  for  shame,  65 

Appear  in  court  to  try  his  claim. 

This  was  the  penn'orth  of  his  thought," 

To  pass  time,  and  uneasy  trot. 

Quoth  he.  In  all  my  past  adventures 
T  ne'er  was  set  so  on  the  tenters. 
Or  taken  tardy  with  dUemma,* 
That  ev'ry  way  I  turn,  does  hem  me, 
And  wdth  inextricable  doubt 
Besets  my  puzzled  wits  about : 
For  though  the  dame  has  been  my  bail, 
To  free  me  from  enchanted  jaU, 
Yet,  as  a  dog  committed  close 
For  some  offence,  by  chance  breaks  loose. 
And  quits  his  clog  ;  but  all  in  vain, 

'  TheKnigljt  is  perpetually  troubled  with  "cases  of  conscience;"  this 
being  one  characteristic  of  the  class  which  he  typities. 

2  That  is,  the  value  of  it,  in  allusion  to  the  common  saying—"  A  penny 
for  your  thoughts."  . 

3  An  argument  in  lo!?ic  consisting  of  two  or  more  propositions,  so  dis- 
posed that  deny  or  admit  which  you  wiU  you  shall  be  mvolved  in  dif- 
ficulties. 


eo 


es 


OASTO   ni.]  HrDIBRAS.  213 

He  still  draws  after  him  his  chaiu : '  70 

So  tho'  my  ancle  she  has  quitted, 

My  heart  continues  still  committed ; 

And  like  a  bail'd  and  mainpriz'd  lover,* 

Altho'  at  large  I  am  bound  over  : 

And  when  I  shall  appear  in  court  75 

To  plead  my  cause,  and  answer  for't, 

Ualeas  the  judge  do  partial  prove, 

What  will  become  of  me  and  love  P 

For  if  in  our  account  we  vary. 

Or  but  in  circumstance  miscarry :  80 

Or  if  she  put  me  to  strict  proof, 

And  make  me  pull  my  doublet  off, 

To  show,  by  evident  record. 

Writ  ou  my  skiu,  I've  kept  my  word, 

How  can  I  e'er  expect  to  have"  her,  85 

Havinp;  demurr'd  unto  her  favour  ? 

But  faith,  and  love,  and  honour  lost, 

Shall  be  reduc'd  t'  a  knight  o'  th'  post:* 

Beside,  that  stripping  may  prevent 

What  I'm  to  prove  by  argument,  90 

And  justify  I  have  a  tail, 

And  that  way,  too,  my  proof  may  fail. 

Oh !  that  I  could  enucleate,* 

And  solve  the  problems  of  my  fate; 

Or  find,  by  necromantic  art,'  95 

How  far  the  dest'nies  take  my  part; 

For  if  I  were  not  more  than  certain 

To  win  and  wear  her,  and  her  fortune. 


apolics  this  similo  to  the  oase  of  a  person  who  is  vrell  incHned, 
jsolve  to  be  uniformly  Wrtuous.     See  Satire  V.  v.  157. 


'  Persius  ap 
but  cannot  resoli 

Alas!  the  stru^rslin;*  dog  breaks  loose  in  vain. 
Whose  neck  still  drags  along  a.  trailing  length  of  chain. 
And  Petrarch  has  applied  this  simile  to  love. 

«  Mainprized  signifies  one  delivered  by  the  judge  into  the  eustodj-  of  such 
as  shall  undertake  to  see  him  forthcoming  at  tlic  dav  anpoiiiteil.  Itohad 
been  set  free  from  the  stocks  by  the  widow,  and  had  hound  himself  to  appear 
before  her.  »  See  note  at  p.  28. 

♦  Explain,  or  open  ;  literally,  to  take  the  kernel  out  of  a  nut. 

»  Nectomaney,  or  the  black  art,  is  the  discovery  of  future  events  by  ccm- 
mnnicating  with  the  dead.  It  is  railed  the  black  art,  from  the  fanciful  r«- 
■emblance  of  necromancy  to  iiiflnomancy,  and  because  it  was  presumed  that 
evfl  spirits  were  conccnu;d  in  effecting  the  communication  with  the  dead. 


2]i  HUDIBEA3.  [PAEl    II. 

I'd  go  no  further  in  this  courtship, 

To  hazard  sou],  estate,  and  worship  :  lOO 

For  tho'  an  oath  obliges  not, 

"Where  anything  is  to  be  got,' 

As  thou  hast  prov'd,  yet  'tis  profane 

And  sinful  when  men  swear  in  vain. 

Quoth  Ealph,  Not  far  from  hence  doth  dwell      105 
A  cunning  man,  hight  Sidrophel,' 
That  deals  in  destiny's  dark  counsels, 
And  sage  opinions  of  the  moon  sells,^ 
To  whom  all  people  far  and  near, 
On  deep  importances  repair  :  110 

When  brass  and  pewter  hap  to  stray,* 
And  linen  slinks  out  of  the  way  ; 
When  geese  and  puUen  are  seduc'd,^ 
And  sows  of  sucking  pigs  are  chows'd  ;* 
When  cattle  feel  indisposition,  115 

And  need  th'  opinion  of  physician  ; 
When  murrain  reigns  in  hogs  or  sheep, 
And  chickens  languish  of  the  pip  ; 
When  yeast  and  outward  means  do  fail. 
And  have  no  povf'r  to  work  on  ale  ;  120 

'  The  accommodating  notions  of  dissenters  with  regard  to  oaths  have 
already  been  stated  in  some  preceding  cantos. 

^  Sidrophel  was  no  doubt  intended  for  WiUiara  Lilly,  the  famous  as- 
trologer and  almanack  maker,  who,  till  the  king's  affairs  declined,  was  a 
cavalier,  but  after  the  year  1645.  engaged  body  and  soul  in  the  cause  of  the 
I'ariiament,  and  was  one  of  the  close  committee  to  consult  about  the  king's 
execution.  He  was  consulted  by  the  Royalists,  with  the  king's  privity, whether 
the  king  should  escape  from  Hampton-court,  whether  he  should  sign  the 
propositious  of  the  Parliament,  &c.,  and  had  twenty  pounds  for  his  opinion. 
See  the  Life  of  A.  "Wood,  0.tford,  1772,  p.  101,  102,  and  his  own  Life,  in 
which  are  many  curious  particulars.  Some  have  thought  that  Sir  Paul 
Neal  was  intended,  which  is  a  mistake  :  but  Sir  Paul  Neal  was  the  Sidro- 
phel of  the  Heroical  Epistle,  printed  at  the  end  of  this  canto.  Hig/il, 
that  is,  called,  is  from  the  Anglo-Saxon  haten,  to  call. 

■'  i.  e.  the  omens  which  he  collects  from  the  appearance  of  the  moon. 

*  Lilly  professed  to  be  above  this  profitable  branch  of  his  art,  which 
he  designated  the  shame  ot  astrology;  but  he  was  accused  of  practising 
it,  in  a  pamphlet  written  against  him  by  Sir  John  Birkenhead. 

'  PuUen,  tliat  is,  poultry,  from  the  French  Poulet. 

s  This  was  a  new  word  in  Butlei-'s  time,  having  originated  in  the  frauds 
committed  by  a  "  chiaous,"  or  messenger  attached  to  the  Turkish  Embasry 
m  1609.     See  Giti'urd's  Ben  Jouson,  the  Alchemist,  Act  i.  sc.  1. 


tar 


CANTO    III.]  HUDIBBAa.  215 

■\\lien  butter  does  refuse  to  come,' 
Aud  love  proves  cross  and  Imnioursome  ; 
To  him  with  questious.  and  with  urine,' 
They  for  discov'ry  flock,  or  curing. 

Quoth  Hudibras,  This  Sidrophel  125 

I've  heard  of,  and  should  like  it  well. 
If  thou  canst  prove  the  saints  have  freedom 
To  go  to  sorc'rers  when  they  need  'em. 

Says  Ealpho,  There's  no  doubt  of  that ; 
Those  principles  I've  quoted  late,  130 

Prove  that  the  godly  may  allege 
For  anything  their  privilege, 
And  to  the  devil  himself  may  go. 
If  they  have  motives  thereunto  : 

For  as  there  is  a  war  between  136 

The  devil  and  them,  it  is  no  sin 
If  they,  by  subtle  stratagem. 
Make  use  of  him,  as  he  does  them. 
Has  not  this  present  Parl'ament 

A  ledger  to  the  devil  sent,'  140 

Fully  empower'd  to  treat  about 
Finding  revolted  witches  out  ?  * 
And  has  not  he,  within  a  year, 
Hang'd  threescore  of  'em  "in  one  shire  ?  » 

'  WTien  a  country  wench,  savs  Selden  in  his  Table  Talk,  cannot  get  her 
butter  to  come,  she  says  the  witch  is  in  the  chum. 

»  J.illv'8  .\utobiofrrliph_v  abounds  with  illustrations  of  these  liaes ;  people 
of  all  ranks  s.era  to  hare  had  faith  in  his  diagnosis  of  their  waters  as  well 
li  m  his  skill  in  "  discovery." 

•  That  is,  an  ambassador.  The  person  meant  was  Hopkins,  the  noted 
witch-hnder  for  the  Associated  Counties. 

«  That  is,  revolted  from  the  P.irliaraent. 

»  It  U  incredible  what  a  numlwrof  poor,  sick,  and  decrepit  wretches  were 
put  to  death,  under  the  pretence  of  their  being  witches.  Hopkins  occasion- 
ed  threescore  to  be  hung  in  one  year,  in  the  countv  of  Suffolk.  See  Dr 
Hutchinson,  p.  59.  Grey  says,  he  has  seen  an  account  of  between  three  and 
four  thousand  that  suffered  m  the  king's  dominions,  from  the  year  1640  to 
the  king's  restoration.  "  In  December,  1649,"  says  ^\niit.ll>ck,  "  many 
witches  were  apprehended.  The  witch-trier  taking  a  pin,  and  thrusting  I't 
into  the  skin  in  raanv  parts  of  their  bodies  ;  if  they  were  insensible  of  it,  it 
was  a  cirrumstanoe  of  proof  against  them.  October,  1652,  sixty  were  accused  ■ 
much  malice,  little  proof;  though  they  were  tortured  many  ways  to  miM 
Ibem  confess,"  •>        >  j      j 


216  HUDIBHAS.  [PAET    II. 

Some  only  for  not  being  drown'd,'  1*6 

And  aome  for  sitting  above  ground 

Whole  days  and  nights  upon  their  breeelies,^ 

And  feeling  pain,  were  hang'd  for  witches ; 

And  some  for  putting  knavish  tricks 

Upon  green  geese  and  turkey-chicks,  150 

Or  pigs,  that  suddenly  deceast, 

Of  griefs  unnatural,  as  he  guest ; 

Who  after  prov'd  himself  a  witch, 

And  made  a  rod  for  his  own  breech.' 

Did  not  the  Devil  appear  to  Martin  155 

Luther  in  Germany  for  certain  ?* 

And  would  have  gull'd  him  with  a  trick, 

But  Mart,  was  too,  too  politic. 

Did  he  not  help  the  Dutch  to  purge. 

At  Antwerp,  their  cathedral  church  ?  '  180 

1  See  Part  II.  Canto  I.  line  .503,  note. 

'  One  of  the  tests  of  a  witch  was  to  tie  her  legs  across,  and  so  to  seat  her 
on  them  that  they  were  made  to  sustain  the  whole  weight  of  her  hodv,  and 
rendered  her  incapable  of  motion.  In  this  painfid  posture  she  would  lie 
kept  during  the  whole  of  the  trial,  and  sometimes  21  hours,  without  food, 
till  she  confessed. 

3  Dr  Hutchinson,  in  his  Historical  Essay  on  Witchcraft,  page  66,  tells 
lis,  "that  the  country,  tired  of  the  cruelties  committed  by  Hopkins,  tried 
him  by  his  own  system.  They  tied  his  thumbs  and  toes,  as  he  used  to  do 
ethers,  and  threw  him  into  the  water ;  when  he  swam  like  the  rest." 

*  Luther,  in  his  book  de  Missa  privata,  says  he  was  persuaded  to  preach 
against  the  Mass  by  reasons  suggested  to  him  by  the  Devil,  in  a  disputation. 
Melcbior  Adam  says  the  Devil  appeared  to  Luther  in  his  own  garden,  in  the 
shape  of  a  black  boar.  And  the  Table  Talk  relates  that  when  Luther  was  in 
nis  chamber,  in  the  castle  at  Wartsburg,  the  Devil  cracked  some  nuts  which 
he  had  in  a  box  upon  the  bed-post,  tumbled  empty  barrels  down-stairs,  &c. 
There  is  still  shown  at  this  castle  the  mark  on  the  wall,  made  by  Luther's 
inkstand,  which  he  hurled  at  the  Devil's  head,  when  he  mocked  the  Reform- 
er as  he  was  busied  on  the  translation  of  the  Bible.  But  he  generally  rid  him- 
self of  the  tempter  by  jests,  and  sometimes  rather  unsavoury  ones.  See  some 
anecdotes  of  Luther's  belief  in  witchcraft  in  Luther's  Table  Talk  by  Haz- 
litt,  p.  251,  &c. 

5  In  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  in  Flanders,  the  common  people  at 
Antwerp  broke  into  the  cathedral  and  destroyed  the  ornaments.  Strada, 
in  his  hook  de  BcUo  Belgico,  says,  that  "  several  devils  were  seen  to  assist 
them  ;  without  whose  aid  it  would  have  been  impossible,  in  so  short  a  tira», 
Jo  have  done  so  much  mischief." 


m 


OASTO    HI.]  ntTDIBRAS.  217 

Sing  catches  to  the  saints  at  Srascon," 

And  tell  them  all  they  came  to  ask  him  ? 

Appear  in  divers  shapes  to  Kellv,' 

And  speak  i'  th'  nun  of  Loudun's  belly  ?  ' 

Meet  with  the  Parliament's  committee,  165 

At  AVoodstock,  ou  a  pers'nal  treaty  ?  * 

At  Sanim  take  a  cavalier," 

I'  th'  Cause's  service,  prisoner  ? 

As  "Withers,  in  immortal  rhyme, 

Has  register'd  to  after-time.  170 

>  Maacon  is  a  town  In  Burgrundv,  where  an  unclean  dovil,  as  he  was 
called,  played  his  pranks  in  the  house  of  Mr  Perreaud,  a  reformed  minister, 
«nn.  1612  Sometimes  he  sauf;  psalms,  at  others  licentious  verses,  and 
frequently  lampooned  the  Huguenots.  Mr  Perrcaiid  published  a  eireum- 
Btontial  account  of  him  in  French,  which  at  the  request  of  Mr  Bovlc,  who 
had  heard  the  matter  attested,  was  translated  into  English  bv  Dr  Peter  do 
Moulin.  The  poet  calls  them  saints,  because  they  were  of  the  Genevan  creed 
See  notes  to  Unes  236-7-8.  The  persons  here  instanced  made  great 
pretensions  to  sanctity.  On  this  circumstance  Ralpho  founds  his  iiprunicnt 
for  the  lawfulness  of  the  practice,  that  saints  mav  converse  witli  the  devil 
Casauhon  informs  us  that  Dee,  who  was  associated  with  Kellv  cmploved 
himself  m  prayer  and  other  acts  of  devotion,  before  he  entered  upon  'his 
conversation  with  spirits. 

,.'  f5[»"dier,  the  curate  of  Loudun,  was  ordered  to  be  burned  alive  a  d 
1634,  by  Judges  commissioned  and  influenced  by  Richelieu;  and  the  pri- 
oress,  with  h.alf  the  nuns  in  the  convent,  were  obliged  to  own  themselves 
bewitched.  Grandier  was  a  handsome  man,  and  verv  eloqurnt ;  and  his 
red  fault  was  that  he  outdid  the  monks  in  their  own  arts.  There  was  in 
reality,  no  ground  hut  the  envy  and  jealousv  of  the  monks,  for  the  charges 
against  hini.  See  Bavle's  Dictionary,  Art.  Grandier ;  and  Dr  Hutchinson's 
Uietoncal  Essav  on  Witchcraft,  p.  ,36. 

«  Dr  Plot  inhis  History  of  Oxfordshire,  eh.  viii.,  tells  us  how  the  devil, 
or  some  evil  spirit,  disturbed  the  commis.sioners  at  Woodstock  whither 
they  went  to  value  the  crown  lands  directlv  after  the  execution  of  CharlosI 
A  personal  treatv  had  been  very  much  desired  by  the  king,  and  often  pressed 
«nd  petitioned  for  by  great  part  of  the  nation  ;  the  poet  insinuates  that 
though  the  I  arliament  refused  to  hold  a  personal  tivatv  witli  tlie  kin.-,  vet 
they  scrupled  not  to  hold  one  with  the  devil  at  Woo.lstock.  .Sir  Walter 
Scott  ban  made  the  tale  familiar  by  his  novel.  The  whole  of  the  attacks  upon 
the  commissioners,  in  the  form  of  ghosts  and  evil  spirits,  whi,h  finallv  drove 
them  from  the  place,  were  planned  and  in  great  part  carried  into  cfrect  by 
a  roguish  concealed  h.yahst  Joseph  Collin,,  or  tunnv  Joe,  who  was  en- 
gaged as  their  Secretary,  under  the  name  of  Giles  Sharp. 

»  W  ithers,  who  figures  in  Pope's  Dunciad,  was  a  puritanical  officer  in  the 
Parliament  army  and  a  prolific  writer  of  verse,  fie  has  a  l.mg  storv,  in 
doggr,.!,  of  a  soldier  of  the  king's  army,  who  being  a  prisoner  at  Salisbury. 
and  dnnking  a  he,alth  to  the  devil  upon  his  knees,  wa3  carried  away  by 
him  through  a  sin^fle  pane  of  glass.  v.uwcu  .inuj  uj 


218  HTTDIBHAS.  [PAET    11. 

Do  not  our  great  reformers  use 
This  Sidrophel  to  forebode  news  ; ' 
To  write  of  victories  next  year,^ 
And  castles  taken,  yet  i'  th'  air  ? 
Of  battles  fought  at  sea,  and  shipa  176 

Sunk,  two  years  hence  ?  the  last  eclipse  ?  ' 
A  total  o'erthrow  giv'n  the  king 
In  Cornwall,  horse  and  foot,  next  spring  ?  * 
And  has  not  he  point-blank  foretold 
Whats'e'er  the  close  committee  would  ?  ^  180 

Made  Mars  and  Saturn  for  the  Cause,^ 
The  moon  for  Fundamental  Laws, 
The  Kam,  the  Bull,  the  Goat,  declare 
Against  the  book  of  Common  Prayer  ? 
The  Scorpion  take  the  Protestation,  185 

And  Bear  engage  for  Eeforination  P 
Made  all  the  royal  stars  recant, 
Compound,  and  take  the  Covenant  ?  ' 
Quoth  Hudibras,  The  case  is  clear 
The  saints  may  employ  a  conjurer,  190 

As  thou  hast  prov'd  it  by  their  practice ; 
No  argument  like  matter  of  fact  is  : 
And  we  are  best  of  all  led  to 
Men's  principles,  by  what  they  do. 

'  Lilly  was  employed  to  foretell  victories  on  the  side  of  the  Parliament, 
and  was  well  paid  for  his  services. 

2  Lilly  tells  us  himself  how  he  predicted  a  victory  for  the  king  about 
June,  1645,  which  unluckily  proved  to  be  the  time  of  his  total  defeat  at  Nase- 
by.  He  says  that  during  Cromwell's  campaign  in  Scotland,  in  one  of  the 
battles,  a  soldier  encouraged  his  comrades  by  reading  the  month's  predic- 
tion of  victories  to  them,  out  of  "  Anglicus." 

'  Lilly  grounded  lying  predictions  on  that  event.  Grey  says,  his  reputa- 
tion was  lost  by  his  false  prognostic  of  an  eclipse  that  was  to  happen  on 
the  29th  of  March  1652,  commonly  called  Black  Monday.  But  in  1656, 
the  Royalists  at  Bruges  were  greatly  inspirited  by  a  prediction  of  the  king's 
restoration  in  the  following  year,  which  he  had  communicated  to  one  of 
Charles'  secretaries. 

*  The  direct  contrary  happened ;  for  the  king  overthrew  the  Parliament- 
arians in  Cornwall. 

'  The  Parliament  appointed  a  lioenser  of  almanacks,  and  so  prevented  any 
from  appearing  which  prophesied  good  for  the  Cause. 

^  Made  the  planets  and  constellations  side  with  the  Parliament, 

'  The  author  here  evidently  alludes  to  Charles,  elector  palatine  of  tba 
Shine,  and  to  King  Charles  the  Second,  who  both  took  the  Covenant. 


CAXTO    III.]  nUDIBBAS.  219 

Then  let  us  straight  advance  in  quest  195 

Of  this  profound  gyniuosophist,' 

And  as  the  fates  and  he  advise, 

Pursue,  or  waive  this  enterprise. 

This  said,  he  turn'd  about  his  steed, 
And  eftsoons  on  tli'  adventure  rid :  2oo 

Where  leave  we  liiin  and  Ealph  awhile. 
And  to  the  Conj'rer  turn  our  stile. 
To  let  our  reader  understand 
What's  useful  of  him  beforehand. 

He  had  been  long  t'wards  mathematics,  205 

Optics,  philosophy,  and  statics, 
Magic,  horoscopy,  astrology. 
And  was  old  dog '  at  physiology  : 
But  as  a  dog,  that  turns"  the  spit,' 
Bestirs  himself,  and  plies  his  feet  210 

To  climb  the  wheel,  but  all  in  vain. 
His  own  weight  brings  liim  down  again ; 
And  still  he's  in  the  self-same  place" 
Where  at  his  setting  out  he  was; 
So  in  the  circle  of  the  arts  '  215 

Did  he  advance  his  nat'ral  parts. 
Till  falling  back  still,  for  retreat. 
He  fell  to  juggle,  cant,  and  cheat :  * 
For  as  those  fowls  that  live  in  water 
Are  never  wet,  he  did  but  smatter ;  22o 

'  The  Gymnosophisb  were  a  sect  of  philosophers  in  India,  so  called  from 
the.r  going  w,th  naked  feet  and  very  little  clothing.     They  were  extrem™ 

^^o  the  word  as  equivalent  to  recluse  or  ascetic 

knovring^^ro^.  "■"P'-J'"''"  "f  ">«  proverbial  term  for  an  experienced  or 
'  Prior's  rimile  seems  to  have  been  suggested  by  this  passage  : 

Dear  Thomas,  didst  thou  never  see 

rXis  but  by  wav  of  simile) 

A  squirrel  spend  his  little  rage 

In  jumping  round  a  rolling  rage  ? 

But  here  or  there,  turn  wood  or  wire, 

He  never  gets  two  inches  higher. 

So  fares  it  with  those  merry  blades 

That  frisk  it  under  Pindus'  shades. 


220  HUD1BEA8.  [PABT   II. 

Wliate'er  he  labour'd  to  appear, 

His  understanding  still  was  clear ; ' 

Yet  none  a  deeper  knowledge  boasted, 

Since  old  Hodge  Bacon,  and  Bob  Grosted.' 

Tb'  intelligible  world  he  knew,^  225 

And  all  men  dream  on't,  to  be  true, 

That  in  this  world  there's  not  a  wart 

That  has  not  there  a  counterpart ; 

Nor  can  there,  on  the  face  of  ground, 

An  individual  beard  be  found,  230 

That  has  not  in  that  foreign  nation 

A  fellow  of  the  self-same  fashion ; 

So  cut,  so  colour'd,  and  so  curl'd, 

As  those  are  in  th'  inferior  world. 

He'd  read  Dee's  prefaces  before  235 

The  DevU,  and  Euclid  o'er  and  o'er ;  * 

And  all  th'  intrigues  'twxt  him  and  Kelly, 

Lescus  and  th'  emperor,  would  tell  ye  :  ^ 

'  Clear,  tliat  is,  empty. 

2  Roger  Bacon  was  a  Franciscan  friar,  who  flourished  in  the  thirteenth 
century,  and  was  commonly  regarded  as  a  conjurer  or  practitioner  of  the 
black  art,  on  account  of  his  knowledge  of  natural  science  and  philosophy. 
His  Opits  Majus  is  one  of  the  most  wonderful  books  of  the  times  in  which 
he  lived.  He  was  acquainted  with  the  composition  of  gunpowder,  and 
seems  to  have  anticipated  some  of  the  great  discoveries  of  later  ages.  Robert 
Grostete,  bishop  of  Lincoln,  a  contemporary  of  Bacon,  was  a  man  of 
great  learning,  considering  the  times,  and  was  declared  to  be  a  magician 
by  the  ignorant  ecclesiastics.  He  distinguished  himself  by  resisting  the 
aggressions  of  the  Papacy  on  the  liberties  of  the  English  Church,  for  which 
he  incurred  the  anathemas  of  Pope  Innocent  IV. 

3  The  intelligible  world  was  the  model  or  prototype  of  the  visible  world. 
See  P.  i.  c.  i.  v.  536,  and  note. 

*  Dr  John  Dee,  the  reputed  magician,  was  born  in  London,  1527,  and 
educated  at  Cambridge  as  a  clergyman  of  the  English  Church.  He  enjoyed 
great  fame  during  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth  and  James  I.,  by  his  knowledge  in 
mathematics ;  Tycho  Brahe  gives  him  the  title  of  pr;estantissimus  mathe- 
niaticus,  and  Camden  calls  him  nobilis  mathcmaticus.  He  wrote,  among 
other  things,  a  preface  to  Enclid,  and  to  Billingsley's  Geometry,  to  which 
Butler  apparently  alludes.  He  began  early  to  have  the  reputation  of  hold- 
ing intercourse  with  the  Devil,  and"  on  an  occasion  when  he  was  absent,  the 
populace  broke  into  his  house  and  destroyed  the  greater  part  of  his  valuable 
library  and  museum,  valued  at  several  thousand  pounds. 

'  Kelly  was  an  apothecary  at  AVorcester,  and  Dee's  chief  assistant,  bis 
seer  or  "skryer"  (that  is,  tnedium),  as  he  called  him.     A  learned  Pole,  AI- 


CAITTO   ni.J  HTT»IBKA9.  221 

But  with  the  moon  -nras  more  familiar 

Thau  e'er  was  almanack  well-wilier  ; '  240 

Her  secrets  uiulerstood  so  clear, 

That  some  believ'd  he  bad  been  there; 

Knew  when  she  was  in  fittest  mood 

l'\ir  cutting  corns,  or  letting  blood  ;  * 

"When  for  anointing  scabs  and  itches,  245 

Or  to  the  bum  applying  leeches  ; 

"When  sows  and  bitches  may  be  spay'd, 

And  in  what  sign  best  cider's  made  ; 

A\''hether  the  wane  be,  or  increase, 

Best  to  set  garlic,  or  sow  pease  ;  230 

Who  first  found  out  the  man  i'  th'  moon,^ 

That  to  the  ancients  was  unknown ; 

How  many  dukes,  and  earls,  and  peers, 

Are  in  the  planetary  spheres. 

Their  airy  empire  and  command,  255 

Their  sev'ral  strengths  by  sea  and  land  ; 

bert  Laski,  whom  Mr  Butler  calls  Lescus,  visiting  England,  formed  an  ac- 
q'laintani'C  with  Dec  and  Kelly,  and  when  he  left  this  country  took  them 
and  their  families  with  him  into  Poland.  Next  to  Kelly,  he  was  the 
greatest  confidant  of  Dee  in  his  secret  transactions.  They  were  enter- 
tained by  the  Emperor  Rodolph  II.,  to  whom  they  disclosed  some  of  their 
secrets,  and  showed  the  wonderful  stone  ;  and  he,  in  return,  treated  them 
with  great  respect,  knighted  Kelly,  hut  afterwards  imprisoned  him  Dee 
received  some  advantageous  oilers,  it  is  said,  from  the  king  of  France,  the 
emperor  of  Musco\*y,  and  several  foreign  princes,  but  he  returned  to 
England,  and,  after  great  vicissitudes,  died  in  poverty  at  Mortlake,  in  the 
year  1608,  aged  81. 

'  The  almanack  makers  styled  themselves  well-wiUers  to  the  mathematics, 
or  philomaths. 

'  Respecting  these,  and  other  matters  mentioned  in  the  following  lines, 
UUy,  and  the  old  almanack  makers,  gave  particular  directions.  Astrologers 
of  all  ages  have  regarded  certain  planetary  aspects  to  be  especially  favour- 
able to  tnc  operations  of  husbandry  and  physic,  and  the  influence  of  the 
moon  is  still  pretty  generally  recognised.  See  Tusser's  Five  hundred  Points 
of  Good  Husbandry. 

'  There  are  and  have  been,  in  all  countries  and  ages,  different  popular  be- 
liefs respecting  the  man  in  the  moon.  He  is  a  stealer  of  firewood,  according 
to  Chaucer ;  according  to  others,  a  sabbath-breaker,  or  the  m.an  who  was 
Etone<l  for  gathering  sticks  on  the  sabbath,  whilst  the  Israelites  were  in 
the  wilderness  (sec  S'umbers  xv.  32).  The  Italian  peasantry  have  for  ages 
called  hira  Cain,  and  as  such  he  is  alluded  to  in  Dante,  Paradiso  II.  fWright'a 
translation,  page  309).  See  Daniel  O'Rourck's  Dream,  in  Crofton  Croter'a 
Fairy  Legends,  for  a  truly  Hibernian  representation  of  his  love  of  solitude. 


222  HUDfBBAB.  [PABT   II 

What  factious  they  've,  and  what  they  drive  at 

In  public  vogue,  or  what  in  private  ; 

With  what  designs  and  interests 

Each  party  manages  contests.  260 

He  made  an  instrument  to  know 

If  the  moon  shine  at  full  or  no ; 

That  would,  as  soon  as  e'er  she  shone,  straight 

"Whether  'twere  day  or  night  demonstrate ; 

Tell  what  her  d'ameter  to  'u  ioch  is,'  265 

And  prove  that  she's  not  made  of  green  cheese. 

It  would  demonstrate,  that  the  Man  in 

The  moon's  a  sea  mediterranean  ; '' 

And  that  it  is  no  dog  nor  hitch 

That  stands  behind  him  at  his  breech,  270 

But  a  huge  Caspian  sea  or  lake. 

With  arms,  which  men  for  legs  mistake  ; 

How  large  a  gulph  his  tail  composes, 

And  what  a  goodly  bay  his  nose  is  ; 

How  many  German  leagues  by  th'  scale  276 

Cape  snout's  from  promontory  tail. 

He  made  a  planetary  gin,^ 

Which  rats  would  run  their  own  heads  in, 

And  come  on  purpose  to  be  taken, 

Without  th'  expence  of  cheese  or  bacon ;  280 

With  lute-strings  he  would  counterfeit 

Maggots,  that  crawl  on  dish  of  meat ;  * 

Quote  moles  and  spots  on  any  place 

O'  th'  body,  by  the  index  face  ;  ^ 

'  The  determination  of  the  diameter  of  the  moon  was  so  recent  an  event 
in  Butler's  time,  that  scientific  pedants  i-endered  themselves  fair  butts  for 
his  satire  by  the  use  they  made  of  this  knowledge  of  it. 

''  It  used  to  be  supposed  that  the  darker  shadows  on  the  moon's  surface 
were  seas ;  and  the  old  astronomers  gave  them  various  names,  some  after  a 
fancied  analogy  in  their  distribution  to  the  principal  seas  of  the  eastern 
hemisphere  of  the  globe  ;  others,  purely  arbitrary.  They  are  now  known 
to  be  merely  depressions  on  the  surface  ;  the  closest  observers  having 
failed  to  detect  any  trace  of  either  water  or  air ! 

'  The  horoscope,  which  looks  like  a  net  or  trap,  and  in  which  places  for 
the  planets  are  duly  assigned. 

*  The  strings  of  a  fiddle  or  lute,  cut  into  short  pieces,  and  strewed  upon 
warm  meat,  will  contract,  and  appear  like  live  maggots. 

^  '*  Some  physiognomers  have  conceited  the  head  of  man  to  be  the  model 
of  the  whole  body  ;  so  that  any  mark  there  will  have  a  corresponding  out 
on  some  part  of  the  body."     See  Lilly's  Life. 


OAKTO    III.]  HUDIBHAS.  223 

Detect  lost  maidenheads  by  sneezing,  285 

Or  breaking  wind  of  dames,  or  pissing; ' 

Cure  warts  and  corns,  with  application 

Of  med'eines  to  th'  imagination  ;' 

Fright  agues  into  dogs,  and  scare. 

With  rhymes,  the  tooth-ach  and  catarrh  ; '  290 

Chase  evil  spirits  away  by  dint 

Of  sickle,  horseshoe,  hollow  flint  ;  * 

Spit  fire  ont  of  a  walnut-shell,' 

"Which  made  the  Eoman  slaves  rebel ; 

And  fire  a  mine  in  China,  here,  295 

"With  sympathetic  gunpowder. 

'  Democrihis  is  sm\  to  hare  pronounced  more  nicely  on  the  maifl-servant 
of  Hippocrates.  Lilly  professed  this  art,  and  said  that  no  woman,  whom  he 
found  a  maid,  ever  twitted  him  with  havins  been  mistaken. 

»  "Warts  are  still  "  charmed  awav ;  "  and  there  are  few  persons  who  can- 
not recite  numerous  examples  of  the  efficacy  of  "  medicines  applied  to  the 
iraainnation,"  for  the  removal  of  those  unseemly  excrescences. 
_  '  Butler  seems  to  have  raked  to-rether  as  many  nf  the  baits  for  human  cre- 
ouhty  as  his  readinj;  could  furnish,  or  he  had  ever  heard  mentioned. 
These  charms  for  tooth-aches  and  coughs  were  well  known  to  the  common 
people  a  few  years  since.  Tta?  word  abracadabra,  for  fevers,  is  as  old  as 
Sainmonicus.  Haiit  haul  hista  pista  vista,  were  recommended  for  a  sprain 
bvCato.  and  Homer  relates  that  the  sons  of  Autolvcus  stopped  the  bleeding 
of  I  Ivsses-  wound  by  a  charm.  Soothing:  medioines  are  still  called  carmin- 
atives, horn  the  Latin  carmen,  a  nmp;ie  formula.  But  the  records  of  su- 
perstition in  this  respect  are  endless,  and  Grey  quotes  several  which  are 
very  amusing.  He  says,  "  I  have  heard  of  a  merry  baronet,  Sir  B.  B  ,  wlio 
had  (p-cat  success  in  the  cure  of  ajTies  by  charms.  A  gentleman  of  his  ac- 
ouaintance  applnn?  to  him  for  the  euro  of  a  stubborn  quartan,  which  had 
defied  the  doctors,  he  told  him  he  had  no  faith,  and  would  be  prvinn-  into 
the  secret,  and  then,  notwithstanding  the  fit  might  he  staved  off  kwhile  it 
would  certainly  return.  The  gentleman  promised  him  on  his  word'  of 
honour  he  would  not  look  into  it,  but  when  he  had  escaped  a  second  fit  he 
could  resist  his  curiosity  no  longer,  and  opened  the  paper,  when  he  found  in 

It  no  more  than  the  words  kiss ."    Another  story  of  the  kind  is  told  by 

belden  in  his  Table-Talk.  He  cured  a  person  of  quality,  who  fancied  he  had 
two  devils  m  his  head,  by  wrapping  a  card  in  a  piece  of  silk  \vith  strings 
and  banging  it  round  his  neck.  But  those  who  delight  in  such  stories  will 
find  an  abundance  of  them  in  Brand's  Popular  Antiquities,  ,3  yols  post  Svo 
There  is  scarcely  a  stable-door  in  the  country  (none  certainly  at  New- 
market) without  a  horseshoe  nailed  on  it,  or  on  the  threshold 

'This  refers  to  the  oriu-in  of  the  .Servile  war  in  Sicily,  when  Eunus,  a 
sjTian,  excited  his  companions  in  slavery  to  a  revolt,  by  pretending  a  com- 
mission from  the  gods ;  and  filling  a  nutshell  with  sulphur,  breathed  out 
tire  and  smoke  in  proof  of  his  dirine  authority.  See  Livy,  Flonis,  and 
»ther  Eoman  huitonant. 


224 


303 


810 


31a 


HITDIBEAS.  [past    H- 

He  knew  whats'ever's  to  be  known, 

But  much  more  than  he  knew  would  own. 

What  med'cine  'twas  that  Paracelsus 

Could  make  a  man  with,  as  he  tells  us ;  '  30C 

What  figur'd  slates  are  best  to  make, 

On  wat'ry  surface  duck  or  drake  ;^ 

What  bowling-stones,  in  running  race 

Upon  a  board,  hare  swiftest  pace  ; 

Whether  a  pulse  beat  in  the  black 

List  of  a  dappled  louse's  back ;' 

If  systole  or  diastole  move 

Quickest  when  he's  in  wrath,  or  love  ;  * 

When  two  of  them  do  run  a  race. 

Whether  they  gallop,  trot,  or  pace  ; 

How  many  scores  a  flea  will  jump, 

Of  his  owii  length,  from  head  to  rump,* 

Which  Socrates  and  Chjerephon 

In  vain  assay' d  so  long  agone  ; 

Whether  his  snout  a  perfect  nose  is, 

And  not  an  elephant's  proboscis  ; « 

1  Paracelsus  was  born  in  U93,  in  Switzerland;  and  studied  medicine, 
but  devoted  himself  most  to  astrology  and  alchemy.  He  professed  to  have 
discovered  the  phUosopher's  stone,  and  the  ehxir  of  hfe,  but  nevertheless 
died  in  poverty  One  of  his  doctrines  was  that  man  migh  be  generated 
without  connexion  of  the  sexes,  an  idea  which  was  ^^"^'":°fy}^':°''''ll 
ridiculed  by  Rabelais,  book  ii.  ch.  27,  where  he  speaks  of  begetting  53,000 

little  men  with  a  single  f .  .         ^      ,     v-,      „u„  „„j 

2  Intimating  that  Sidrophel  was  a  smatterer  in  natural  phi  osophy,  and 
knew  something  of  the  laws  of  motion  and  gravity  though  all  he  amved 
at  was  but  child's  play,  such  as  making  ducks  and  drakes  on  the  water,  &c. 

3  It  was  the  fashion  with  the  wits  of  our  author's  time  to  ridicule  the 
Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society,  and  Dr  Hooke  in  P^^rticular,  whose 
Micrographia  is  here  particularly  referred  to.  ^  Hooke  was  an  admirable 
and  hborious  pi-actical  philosopher,  but  in  his  wi-itmgs   betrays   much 

"^.tlrVt'rnrfio^^^'and  diastole  (the  dilatation)  of  the  heart, 
are  the  motions  by  means  of  which  the  circulation  of  the  blood  is  effected ; 
and  the  passions  o/the  mind  have  a  sensible  nfluenee  on  the  ammal  economy^ 

a  Aristophanes  (Clouds,  Act  i.  sc.  24  ,  introduces  a  scholar  of  Socrates 
describing  the  method  in  which  Socrates,  and  his  friend  Chaerephon,  en- 
d  avouieS  to  ascertain  how  many  lengths  of  its  own  feet  a  flea  ^U  jump 
not,  as  our  author  says,  how  many  lengths  of  its  body.  Both  Plato  and 
Xenophon  allude  to  this  ridicule  of  their  master. 

6  The  lancets  and  sucker  of  the  flea  were  a  very  favourite  object  of  our 
earlier  microscopists  ;  and  they  are  stUl  popular. 


CAifTO  iir.^  HrniBRAS  225 

How  many  dill" rent  specieses 

Of  majigots  breed  iu  rolten  eheeses; 

And  which  are  uext  of  kin  to  those  ' 

Engender'd  in  a  cliandler's  nose ;  82o 

Or  those  not  seen,  but  understood, 

That  live  in  vinegar  and  wood.' 

A  paltry  wretch  he  had,  half  starr'd, 
That  him  in  place  of  Zany  serv'd," 
Hight  Whachum,  bred  to  dash  and  draw,  325 

^Tot  wine,  but  more  unwholesome  law  ; 
To  make  'twixt  words  and  lines  huge  gaps,' 
Wide  as  meridians  in  maps  ; 
To  squander  paper  and  spare  ink, 
Or  cheat  men  of  their  words,  some  think.  830 

From  this,  by  merited  degrees. 
He'd  to  more  high  advancement  rise, 
To  be  an  under-conjurer. 
Or  journeyman  astrologer : 

His  business  was  to  pump  and  wheedle,  335 

And  men  with  their  own  keys  unriddle  ;'* 

work  on  the  Microscno      The  mbriones  or  eels  in  vinegar,  were  bv  their 
b.te3  absurdly  .sunpo.e,"!  by  some  to  be  the  eause  of  its  punK^ev 
»,  tb^    1,"V'"     "^""?'  "■",  ^''"T^  ■^"•''•"'^'  '•f^ig'"-'!  to  assist  the  quack, 
nL^,\  .^'"^'"""  '^  '"tended  tor  one  Tom  Jones,  a  fooli.l,  Welchman 

HmL  JnHtl  H":'nT?'"  ^-^  "'"'■'■"■'^  ^'•'''^"'  "■''»  P»'^li*'^J  "  piece  of 
nbaldry  entitled  Hudihras  in  a  snare,"  or  of  Sir  Georire  Wh-irton  ■  nn.I 
Butler-,  Biographer  of  1710,  thinks  it 'was  levelled  atTeTuC  of  the 
spurious  "second  part"  of  Hudibraa.  "uuiur  oi  lue 

»  As  lawyers  use.l  to  do  in  their  bills  and  answers  in  Chancery,  for  which 
they  eharjr.d  so  niiuh  jier  sheet.  v'uiui-t.rj ,  lurwuitu 

n  1097/lur.;")  M  '''•'  ''"':''  ''•^Cl'"''"'""''''  B"><"t«™m,  ed.  Amst.  1717, 
fnflmwl  ^  ,  k'T"  ""'■•''■  Therewas  aquaek  who  bo.isted  that  he  eoul, 
h^  bit  b  ,•  n'  'V'  »PPe''™''^«.<'f  "'«  uri"-,  not  only  the  dis,.ases  of 
T„  enni"?  •  m"  k  T''^7-  "'"'■''  """'''  ''>'  ""J'  ""••''"^  •""'e  I'efall.n  hi,„. 
and  eorlml  »  ,'  f  '"\-"»'"»  P"n>P  those  who  eamo  to  consult  hi,n, 
and  eommunwate  to  bim  pnvat.ly  wfiat  they  found  out.  One  day  a  poo^ 
woman  brmi,ht  her  huO.ind's  water  to  him  ;  and  he  had  searerlv  lookc'd  at 

wZ;." "  a'vM  1  't;""'':'';  r*"'-  "'\"'J  "^'^  >•"»  f>'"i  "'^'t  out  ivom  his 

alallv  W  „  7"  ^  ■""  "*"'V,  ^'''"-  '""'"•"•  *'«=  ^"i'l  that  be  hac 
ac  uaUy  fallen  down  twenty  ;  "Pray."  .said  he.  with  .assumed  an^er,  "did 
you  bnng  aU  the  water?"     "No"  replied  she,  "the  bottle  would  no. 

tt 


22G  HTTDIBEAS.  [PAET    II, 

To  make  them  to  themselves  give  answers, 

Por  which  they  pay  the  necromancers  ; 

To  fetch  and  carry  intelligence 

Of  whom,  and  what,  and  where,  and  whence,  340 

And  all  discoveries  disperse 

Among  th'  whole  pack  of  conjurers  ; 

"What  cut-purses  have  left  with  them, 

For  the  right  owners  to  redeem  ; 

And  what  they  dare  not  vent,  find  out,  34,5 

To  gain  themselves  and  th'  art  repute  ; 

Draw  figures,  schemes,  and  lioroscopes, 

Of  Newgate,  Bridewell,  brokers'  shops, 

Of  thieves  ascendant  in  the  cart,' 

And  find  out  all  by  rules  of  art :  350 

Which  way  a  serving-man,  that's  run 

"With  clothes  or  money  'way,  is  gone  ; 

"Who  pick'd  a  fob  at  holdiug-forth,^ 

And  where  a  watch,  for  half  the  worth. 

May  be  redeem'd  ;  or  stolen  plate  366 

Eestor'd  at  conscionable  rate.^ 

Beside  all  this,  he  serv'd  his  master 

In  quality  of  poetaster. 

And  rhymes  appropriate  could  make 

To  ev'ry  month  i'  th'  almanack  ; ''  360 

hold  it  all."  "  There  it  is,"  said  he,  "  j-ou  have  just  left  thoEe  five  stairs  be- 
hind you ! "  Another  story  somewhat  similar  is  told  by  Grey  of  a  Sidro- 
phel  in  Moorflelds,  vho  had  iu  his  waiting-room  different  ropes  to  little  bells 
which  hung  in  his  consulting  room  upstaii-s.  If  a  girl  had  beeu  deceived  by 
her  lover,  one  bell  was  pulled ;  if  a  peasant  had  lost  a  cow,  another  ;  and  so 
ou ;  his  attendant  taking  care  to  sift  the  inquirer  beforehand  and  give  notice 
accordingly.  '  Ascendant,  a  terra  in  astrology,  is  here  equivocal. 

2  Holding-forth  was  merely  preaching,  and  the  term  was  borrowed,  with- 
out much  appropriateness,  from  the  Epistle  to  the  Thilippians,  chap.  ii.  16. 
But  Dean  Swift,  in  his  "  Tale  of  a  Tub,"  gives  a  ditferent  derivation  of  the 
term,  and  humorously  says  that  it  arose  from  the  way  in  which  the  dissent- 
ers held  forth  their  ears  "  of  grim  magnitude,"  first  on  one  side  and  then  on 
the  other.  At  this  period  warning  was  customarily  given  in  churches  and 
chapels,  either  by  a  notice  board,  or  orally  from  tlie  minister,  to  beware  of 
pickpockets. 

2  It  was  a  penal  offence  to  compound  a  felony.  And  the  astrologers'  pro- 
fession naturally  led  them  to  be  brothers  in  such  affairs.  Lilly  acknowledges 
that  he  was  once  indicted  for  his  performance  in  this  line. 

<  Alluding  to  John  Booker,  who,  Lilly  informs  us,  "made  excellent  verses 
upon  the  twelve  months,  framed  according  to  the  configui-ation  of  each." 


CiNTO    TTil  HTJDIBHA8.  227 

When  terms  begin,  and  end,  could  tell, 

AV  ith  their  returns,  in  dojriierel  ;  ' 

When  tlie  exchequer  opes  and  shuts, 

And  8ow-gelder  with  safety  cuts  ; 

"When  men  may  eat  and  drink  their  lill,  365 

And  when  be  tcmp'rate  if  they  wiQ  ; 

When  use,  and  when  abstain  i'rora  vice, 

l-'igs,  grapes,  phlebotomy,  and  spice. 

And  as  in  prison  mean  rogues  beat 

Hemp  for  the  service  of  the  great,'^  370 

So  AVhachnm  beat  his  diny  brains 

T'  advance  his  master's  fame  and  gains, 

And  like  the  devil's  oracles, 

Put  into  dogg'rel  rhymes  his  spellsi, 

"\yhich,  over  ev'ry  nionth's  blank  page  375 

I'  th'  almanack,  strange  bilks  presage.^ 

He  would  an  elegy  compose 

On  maggots  squeez'd  out  of  his  nose  ; 

In  lyric  numbers  write  an  ode  on 

His  mistress,  eating  a  black-pudden ;  38o 

And.  when  imprison'd  air  escap'd  her, 

It  puft  him  with  poetic  rapture  : 

His  sonnets  charm'd  th'  attentive  crowd 

By  wide-mouth'd  mortal  troll'd  aloud, 

That,  circled  with  his  long-ear'd  guests,  333 

Like  Orpheus  look'd  among  the  beasts  : 

A  carman's  horse  could  not  pass  by, 

But  stood  ty'd  up  to  poetry  : 

No  porter's  burden  pass'd  "along. 

But  serv'd  for  burden  to  his  song:  390 

^.l' JI^HT""'"  y<'"%''?7''^'>  "•'"?»  l'."e  always  been  in  vopue  and  a,c  use- 
111  enough  :  such  as  Thirty  davs  has  September,  April,  June," and  November, 

fitnJi,  ,""''      *"■■  "•'"''  l*"?  I^"'"'°i^'^''  »"■  Sunday  Letter  can  ahvays  be 
aiscoyered  (in  common  years)  is  an  example  of  them— 

"At  nover  Dwell  Oenrfro  Drown  Esnuire 
Good  Christoplicr  I'imh  And  Ilaviil  I'rier." 
The  initial  letters  being  those  of  the  first  days  of  tlie  twelre  months,  in  or- 
der ;  from  which  those  of  all  other  days  may  be  reckoned 

Petty  rogues,  in  Bridewell,  beat  hemp;  and  it  may  happen  that  the 
^oducc  of  their  labour  is  employed  in  making  halters,  in  which  ereatei 
cnmin.als  are  hanged.  o  .  o         • 

•  Bilk  signifies  a  cheat  or  fraud,  as  well  as  to  baulk  or  disappoint. 


?28  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET    11, 

Each  window  like  a  pill'ry  appears, 

With  heads  thrust  thro'  nailed  by  the  ears  ; 

AU  trades  run  in  as  to  the  sight 

Of  monsters,  or  their  dear  delight 

The  gallow-tree,  when  cutting  purse  398 

Breeds  hus'ness  for  heroic  verse,' 

Which  none  does  hear,  but  would  have  hung 

T'  have  been  the  theme  of  such  a  song.' 

Those  two  together  long  had  liv'd, 
In  mansion,  prudently  contriv'd,'  400 

Where  neither  tree  nor  house  could  bar 
The  free  detection  of  a  star ; 
And  nigh  an  ancient  obelisk 
Was  rais'd  by  him,  found  out  by  Pisk,* 
On  which  was  viritten,  not  in  words,  406 

But  hieroglyphic  mute  of  birds,* 
Many  rare  pithy  saws,  concerning 
The  worth  of  astrologic  learning  : 
Prom  top  of  this  there  hung  a  rope, 
To  which  he  fasten'd  telescope  ;  410 

The  spectacles  with  which  the  stars 
He  reads  in  smallest  characters. 
It  happen'd  as  a  boy,  one  night, 
Did  fly  his  tarsel  ^  of  a  kite, 

1  "  Copies  of  Verses,"  indited  in  the  name  of  the  culprit,  as  well  as  his 
"  last  dying  speech  and  confession,"  were  then  customarily  hawked  about, 
on  the  day  of  the  execution. 

'  Sii-  John  Denham  sings  of  the  Earl  of  Strafford  : 

So  did  he  move  our  passions,  some  were  known 
To  wish,  for  the  defence,  the  crime  their  own. 

'  Lilly  had  a  house  and  grounds  at  Hersham,  Walton-on-Thames,  which 
was  his  regular  abode  when  not  in  London.  He  tells  us  in  his  Life  that  he 
bought  them  in  1632,  for  £950. 

■•  Fisk  was  a  licentiate  in  medicine  of  good  parts  and  very  studious,  but 
he  abandoned  his  profession  in  pursuit  of  astrology.  "  In  the  year  1663," 
jays  Lilly  in  his  own  Life,  "  I  became  acquainted  with  JSTicholas  Fisk,  li- 
centiate in  pliysic,  born  in  Suffolk,  fit  for,  but  not  sent  to,  the  university, 
studying  at  home  astrology  and  physic,  which  he  afterwards  practised  at 
Colchester.  He  had  a  pension  from  the  Parliament ;  and  during  the  civil 
war,  and  the  whole  of  the  usurpation,  prognosticated  on  that  side." 

'  That  is,  tlie  dung  of  birds.     See  the  account  of  Tobit's  loss  of  his  eye 
eight  in  the  Book  of  Tobit. 

'  Tiersel,  or  tiercelet,  is  the  French  name  of  the  male  goss-hawk.  Se« 
Wright's  Glossary. 


-AWTO   ni.J  HTTDIBHAS.  229 

The  strangest  lonc:-wing'd  hawk  that  fliea,  .tis 

That,  like  a  bird  of  Paradise, 

Or  herakl's  martlet,  has  no  legs,' 

Nor  hatches  young  ones,  nor  hivs  eggs  ; 

His  train  was  six  yards  long,  milk  white, 

At  th'  end  of  which  there  hung  a  light,  420 

Eudos'd  in  lanthorn  made  of  paper. 

That  far  oti"  like  a  star  did  appear  : 

This  Sidrophel  by  chance  espy'd, 

And  with  amazement  staring  wide : 

Bless  us,  quoth  he,  what  dreadful  wonder  .i2.> 

Is  that  apj)ear3  in  heaven  yonder  ? 

A  comet,  and  without  a  beard  ! 

Or  star,  that  ne'er  before  appear'd  !  ^ 

I'm  certain  'tis  not  in  the  scrowl 

Of  all  tiiose  beasts,  and  fish,  and  fowl,'  430 

With  which,  like  Indian  plantations. 

The  learned  stock  the  constellations  ;  * 

'  The  old  naturalists,  partly  because  the  legs  of  the  birds  of  Paradise 
are  feathered  down  to  the  feet,  and  partly  because  the  natives  cut  off  the 
feet  and  useu  the  whole  skin  as  a  plume,  thought  that  they  had  no  feet  and 
invented  the  most  ridiculous  fables  about  them.  Jlartlcts  in  heraldry  are 
represented  without  feet.  They  are  intended  for  the  great  black  swallow 
cal  ed  the  switt,  or  deviling,  which  has  long  and  powerful  wings,  and  is  very 
seldom  known  to  alight  except  on  its  nest. 

=  There  arc  several  appearances  (and  disappearances)  of  new  stars  record- 
ed. One  in  1573,  and  another  in  1604,  which  became  almost  as  bright  as 
the  planet  \enus.  Another  was  seen  in  1670;  but  that  was  after  Butler 
had  written  these  lines. 

'Astronomers  have,  from  the  earliest  times,  grouped  the  stars  into  con- 
itellations,  which  they  have  distinguished  by  the  names  of  beasts,  birds, 
fishes,  &c  according  to  their  supposed  forms.  Butler  in  his  Genuine  Ee< 
mains,  toI.  1.  p.  9,  says  : 

That  elephants  are  in  the  moon, 
Though  we  had  now  discover'd  none, 
Is  ea.sily  made  nianifi'st ; 
Since  from  the  greatest  to  the  least, 
All  other  stars  and  constellations 
Have  cattle  of  all  sorts  of  nations. 

«  The  old  Cosmographers,  when  they  found  vast  places,  whereof  theT 
knew  nothing,  used  to  ftU  the  same  with  an  account  of  Indian  plantation/ 
ttrange  birds,  beasts,  &c.  "     "*"""»• 


230  FTTDIBBAB.  [PABT  II. 

Nor  tliose  that,  draTsn  for  signs,  have  been 

To  th'  houses  where  the  planets  inn.' 

It  must  be  supernatural,  435 

Unless  it  be  that  cannon-ball 

That,  shot  i'  the  air,  point-blank  xipright, 

"Was  borne  to  that  prodigious  height, 

That,  learn' d  philosophers  maintain, 

It  ne'er  came  backwards  down  again,*  440 

But  in  the  airy  regions  yet 

Hangs,  like  the  body  o'  Mahomet,* 

For  if  it  be  above  the  shade. 

That  by  the  earth's  round  bidk  is  made, 

'Tis  probable  it  may  from  far,  445 

Appear  no  bullet,  but  a  star. 

This  said,  he  to  his  engine  flew, 
Plac'd  near  at  hand,  in  open  view. 
And  rais'd  it,  till  it  levell'd  right 
Against  the  glow-worm  tail  of  kite  -,  *  450 

Then  peeping  thro'.  Bless  us !  quoth  he, 
It  is  a  planet  now  I  see  ; 
And  if  I  err  not,  by  his  proper 
Figure,  that's  like  tobacco-stopper,* 
It  shoidd  be  Saturn  :  yes,  'tis  clear  455 

'Tis  Saturn  ;  but  what  makes  him  there  ? 
He's  got  between  the  Dragon's  tail. 
And  further  leg  behind  o'  th'  Whale  ;  ^ 
Pray  heav'n  divert  the  I'atal  omen, 
For  'tis  a  prodigy  not  common,  460 

'  Signs,  a  pun  on  the  signs  for  public-houses,  and  the  signs  or  constella- 
tions in  the  heavens.  The  constellations  are  called  "houses"  by  astrolo- 
gers. 

2  Some  foreign  philosophers  directed  a  cannon  towards  the  zenith ;  and, 
having  fired  it  without  fiuding  where  the  ball  fell,  conjectured  that  it  haa 
stuck  in  the  moon.  Des  Cartes  imagined  that  the  ball  remained  in  the  air. 
See  Tale  of  a  Tub,  p.  252. 

3  The  story  of  Mahomet's  body  being  suspended  in  an  iron  chest,  be- 
tween two  great  loadstones  (which  is  not  a  JIahometan  tradition),  is  re- 
futed by  Sandys  and  Prideaui. 

*  The  luminous  part  of  the  glow-woi-m  is  the  tail. 

'  This  alludes  to  the  symbol  of  Saturn  in  some  of  the  old  books.     A»- 
trologers  use  a  sign  not  m-ieh  unlike  it. 
«  On  some  old  globes  the  Whale  is  reprisented  with  legs. 


OANTO   HT.J  nUDIBEAS.  231 

And  can  no  less  than  the  world's  end,' 
Or  nature's  funeral,  portend. 
AVith  that,  he  fell  again  to  pry 
Thro"  persi)ective  more  wistfully, 
AVhen.  by  mischanee,  the  fatal  string,  465 

That  kept  the  tow'ring  fowl  on  win<i;, 
Breakin;,'.  down  fell  the  star.     Well  shot. 
Quoth  Whaehum,  who  rijjht  wisely  thought 
He  'd  levell'd  at  a  star,  and  hit  it ; 
But  Sidrophel,  more  subtle-witted,  470 

Cry'd  out.  What  horrible  and  fearful 
Portent  is  this,  to  see  a  star  iall ! 
It  threatens  nature,  and  the  doom 
AVill  not  be  loui;  before  it  come! 
When  sti»i-s  do  fall,  'tis  plain  enough*  475 

The  day  of  judijnient's  not  far  otF; 
As  lately  'twas  reveal'd  to  Sedgwick,* 
And  some  of  us  find  out  by  niagiek : 
Then,  since  the  time  we  have  to  live 
In  this  world's  .shorten'd,  let  us  strive  490 

To  make  our  best  atlvantage  of  it, 
And  pay  our  losses  with  our  profit. 
This  feat  fell  out  not  long  before 
The  Knight,  upon  the  forenam'd  score. 
In  quest  of  Sidrophel  advancing,  485 

"Was  now  in  prospect  of  the  mansion ; 

'  "  At  sight  whereof  the  people  stand  agh.ast. 
But  the  sage  wizard  tellcs,  as  lie  has  redd, 
That  it  importuues  detli,  and  doli^lul  drcryhed." 

Fairy  (iueeu,  Book  iii.  Canto  i.  st.  16. 

'  This  notion  of  falling  stars  was  almost  universal,  until  science  showed 

the  phsenomenon  to  be  both  eommon  and  periodical.     The  theory  is  that 

these  bodies  are  fragments  traversing  the  planetary  spaces,  and  at  given 

times  are  drawn  bv  tlie  earth's  attraction  to  her  surface. 

'  Will.  Sedgwick  was  a  whimsical  fanatic  preacher,  alternately  a  Presby- 
terian, an  Independent,  and  an  Anabaptist,  settled  hv  the  Parliament  in  tiie 
city  of  Ely.  lie  pretended  much  to  revelations,  and  w.is  called  the  apostle 
of  the  Isle  of  Kly.  He  gave  out  that  the  approach  of  the  day  of  judgiiunt 
had  been  disclosed  to  him  in  a  vision  ;  and  going  to  the  house  of  Sir  Francis 
Russel,  in  Cambriiigeshire,  where  he  found  several  gentlemen  at  bowls, 
he  warned  them  all  to  prepare  themselves,  for  the  day  of  judgment  would 
be  some  day  in  the  neit  week ;  whence  he  was  nick-minied  Doomsday  Scdg 
wick. 


232 


HTJDIBKA8.  [PAET   II. 

Whom  he  diaeov'ring,  turu'd  his  glass, 
And  found  far  off  'twas  Hudibras. 

Whachum,  quoth  he,  Look  yonder,  some 
To  try  or  use  our  art  are  come :  490 

The  one's  the  learned  Knight ; '  seek  out. 
And  pump  'em,  what  they  come  about. 
Whachum  advanc'd  with  all  submiss'ness 
T'  accost  'em,  but  much  more  their  bus'ness : 
He  held  the  stirrup,  while  the  Knight  495 

From  Leathern  Bare-bones  ^  did  alight ; 
And,  taking  from  his  hand  the  bridle, 
Approach'd  the  dark  Squire  to  unriddle. 
He  gave  him  first  the  time  0'  th'  day,'"* 
And  welcom'd  him,  as  he  might  say  :  soo 

He  ask'd  him  whence  they  came,  and  whither 
Their  bus'ness  lay  ?— Quoth  Ealpho,  Hither. 
Did  you  not  lose  ?  * — Quoth  Ealpho,  Nay. 
Quoth  Whachum,  Sir,  I  meant  your  way  ? 
Your  Knight — Quoth  Ealpho,  Is  a  lover,  605 

And  pains  intol'i'able  doth  suffer ; 
For  lovers'  hearts  are  not  their  own  hearts, 
Nor  lights,  nor  lungs,  and  so  forth  downwards. 
What  time? — Quoth  Ealpho,  Sir,  too  long, 
Three  years  it  off  and  on  has  hung —  510 

Quoth  he,  I  meant  what  time  o'  th'  day  'tis. 
Quoth  Ealpho,  Between  seven  and  eight  'tis. 
Why  then,  quoth  Whachum,  my  small  art 
Tells  me  the  Dame  has  a  bard  lieart, 
Or  great  estate. — Quoth  Ealph,  A  jointure,  516 

Which  makes  him  have  so  hot  a  mind  t'  her. 


'  It  does  not  appear  that  Hudibras  know  Sidrophel ;  but  from  lines  1011 
and  1012,  it  is  plain  that  Sidrophel  knew  Hudibras.  It  is  estrenifly  doubt- 
ful whether  Lilly  was  personally  acquainted  with  Sir  Samuel  Luke. 

'  In  the  early  editions,  Butler  prints  this  word  in  ita/ics,  nicnnin?  a  sly 
hit  at  that  conspicuous  member  of  Cromwell's  First  Parliament,  Praisegod 
Barebones,  the  Leather-Seller. 

3  He  bade  him  good  evening :  see  line  540,  on  nest  pa»e. 

'  He  assumes  that  they  came  to  inquire  after  something  stolen  or  strayed. 
In  these  lines  we  must  observe  the  artfulness  of  \Miachura,  who  pumps' the 
Squire  concerning  the  Kniglit's  bu.siness,  and  afterwards  relates  it  to  Sidro- 
pliel  in  the  presence  of  both  of  them,  but  in  the  cant  terms  of  his  own 
profession,  a  contrivance  already  alluded  to  in  Qute  on  line  3a6,  at  p.  22». 


623 


CAJfTO   III.]  HUDIBBA8.  283 

Meanwhile  the  Kni<;]it  was  making  water, 

Before  he  tell  upon  tlie  matter: 

"Whieh  having  done,  the  Wizard  steps  in, 

To  give  him  a  suitahle  reception  ;  52o 

But  kept  his  bus'ness  at  a  bay, 

Till  Whaehum  put  him  in  the  way; 

"Who  having  now,  by  Kalpho's  light, 

Expounded  th'  errand  of  the  Kuight, 

And  what  he  came  to  know,  drew^near. 

To  whisper  in  the  Conj'rer's  ear, 

Whieh  he  prevented  thus  :   What  was't. 

Quoth  he,  that  I  was  saying  last, 

Before  these  gentlemen  "arriv'd  ? 

Quoth  Whaeluini,  Yenus  you  retriev'd  '  63C 

In  opposition  with  ^Mars, 

And  no  benign  and  friendlv  stars 

T'  allay  the  etiect.''     Quoth  Wizard,  So : 

In  Vu-go  ?  Ha !  quoth  Whaehum,  2v  o :  » 

Has  Saturn  nothing  to  do  in  it  'i  *  53- 

One-tenth  of's  circle  to  a  minute  ! 

'Tis  well,  quoth  he— Sir,  you'll  excuse 

This  rudeness  I  am  forc'd  to  use ; 

It  is  a  sdieme,  and  face  of  heaven 

As  th'  aspects  are  dispos'd  this  even,  540 

I  was  contemplating  upon 

When  you  arriv'd  ;  but  now  I've  done. 

Quoth  Hiulibras,  if  I  appear 
Unseasonable  in  coming  here 

At  such  a  time,  to  interrupt  5^. 

Tour  speculations,  whieh  I  hop'd 
Assistance  from,  and  come  to  use, 
'Tis  tit  that  I  ask  your  excuse. 

'  That  is,  found  or  oliservcd. 

«  Veniis,  tho  K-oJd^ss  of  lovo,  opposes  and  til  warts  Mars,  the  ffod  of  war 
ard  there  >s  hkely  to  he  no  accord  between  them;  by  which  hf  ^4, 1?^ 
to  understand  that  the  kn.ght  wa.,  in  love,  and  had  small  hopes  of  succe™ 

>  Is  his  nustres.,  a  v.rprm  ?  Xo,  therefore,  by  inference,  a  widow. 
Saturn  bein?  the  cml  of  tmie,  the  wizard  by  these  words  inquires  how 
lo„K  the  love  atfa.r  had  be,n  carried  on.  Whaehum  replies,  oneTmh  of  h^ 
crcle  to  a  mmute.  or  three  years  ;  one-tenth  of  the  thirt;  years  in  which 
Saturn  fimshes  h,s  revolution,  and  exactly  tho  time  which  the  KmWi 
courtship  had  been  pending.  iijugui  • 


234  H0DIBRA3.  [FABT    II. 

By  no  means,  Sir,  quoth  Sidrophel, 
The  stars  your  coming  did  foretell ;  650 

I  did  expect  you  here,  and  knew, 
Before  you  spake,'  your  business  too. 

Quoth  Hudibras,  Make  that  appear, 
And  I  shall  credit  whatsoe'er 

Tou  tell  me  after,  on  your  word,  556 

Howe'er  unlikely,  or  absurd. 

Tou  are  in  love,  Sir,  with  a  widow, 
Quoth  he,  that  does  not  greatly  heed  you, 
And  for  three  years  has  rid  your  wit 
And  passion,  without  drawing  bit ;  560 

And  now  your  business  is  to  know 
If  you  shall  carry  her  or  no. 

Quoth  Hudibras,  You're  in  the  right, 
But  how  the  devil  you  come  by't 
I  can't  imagine  ;  for  the  stars,  565 

I'm  sure,  can  tell  no  more  than  a  horse : 
Nor  can  their  aspects,  tho'  you  pore 
Your  eyes  out  on  'em,  tell  you  more 
Than  th'  oracle  of  sieve  and  sheers,^ 
That  turns  as  certain  as  the  spheres ;  570 

But  if  the  Devil's  of  your  counsel, 
Much  may  be  done,  my  noble  donzel ;' 

'  Var.  '^  Know  before  you  spenk,"  edit,  of  1689. 

"  Scot  thus  describes  this  practice,  which  he  calls  Coscinora.incy.  "  Put  a 
paire  of  sheeres  in  the  rim  of  a  sieve,  and  let  two  persons  set  the  tip  of  each 
of  their  forefingers  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  sheers,  holding  it  with  the 
sieve  up  from  the  ground  steadily,  and  ask  St  Peter  and  St  Paul  whether 
A.  B.  or  C.  hath  stolen  the  thing'lost,  and  at  the  nomination  of  the  guilty 
person  the  sieve  will  turne  round."  Discovery  of  Witchcraft,  book  xii. 
ch.  xvii.  262.  The  Coskinomant,  or  diviner  by  a  sieve,  is  mentioned  bjr 
Theocritus,  Idyll  iii.  31  (Bohu's  trausl.  p.  19).  The  Greek  practice  dif- 
fered very  little  from  that  which  has  been  stated  above.  They  tied  a  thread 
to  the  sieve,  or  fixed  it  to  a  pair  ot  shears,  which  they  held  between  two  fin- 
gers. After  addressing  themselves  to  the  gods,  they  repeated  the  names  ot 
the  suspected  persons ;  and  he,  at  whose  name  the  sieve  turned  round,  was 
adjudged  guilty.  This  mode  of  divination  was  popular  in  rural  districts  to 
a  very  late  period,  and  is  not  yet  entirely  exploded.  See  Brand's  Popular 
Antiquities  (Bohn's  edit.),  vol.  iii.  p.  351. 

'  Butler  says,  in  his  character  of  a  Squire  of  Dames  (Remains,  vol.  ii. 
p.  39),  "he  is  donzel  to  the  damzels,  and  gentleman  usher  daily  waiter  on 
the  ladies,  and  rubs  out  his  time  in  making  logs  and  love  to  them.''  The 
word  is  likewise  used  in  Ben  Jousou's  Alchemist.     Dottzel,  a  diminutiva 


I 


OANTO    III.]  HTTDIBHA9.  235 

And  'tis  on  his  account  I  come, 

To  know  from  you  my  fatal  doom. 

Quoth  Sidrophel,  If  you  suppose,  678 

Sir  Knif^ht,  that  I  am  one  of  those, 

I  miglit  suspect,  and  take  the  alarm, 

Tour  business  is  but  to  iuform  :  ' 

But  if  it  be,  'tis  ne'er  the  near, 

Ton  have  a  WTong  sow  by  the  ear ;'  (80 

Por  I  assure  you.  for  my  part, 

I  only  deal  by  rules  of  art ; 

Such  as  are  lawful,  and  judge  by 

Conclusions  of  astrology  ; 

But  for  the  Devil,  knoV  nothing  by  him,  685 

But  only  tliis,  that  I  defy  him. 

Quoth  lie,  Whatever  others  deem  ye, 

I  understand  your  metonymy  ;3 

Tour  words  of  second-haiid  intention,* 

When  things  by  wrongful  names  you  mention ;      690 

Ihe  mystic  sense  of  all  your  terms. 

That  are  indeed  but  magic  charms ' 

To  raise  the  Devil,  and  mean  one  thing, 

And  tl-.at  is  downright  conjuring; 

And  in  irself  more  warrantable  ^  '  695 

Than  cheat  or  canting  to  a  rabble, 

of^Don,  is  from  the  Italian  donzello,  and  means  a  young  squire,  page,  or 

'  That  is,  to  lay  an  information  a-ainst  him,  which  would  have  exposed 
^Z,!"  P™'''';""""'  "«  "'  "'••"  »'""■  "»Te  w..,s  a  severe  inquisition  against 
conjurers   wiches\.-e.     S.e  note  ou  line  144,  page  21.5. 

'  Handbook  of  I'rnvcrbs,  p.  178. 

>,„'Jk '°"- '"■^' '"  "  ^''^"l"  "^  ^P^''"^'  "hereby  one  word  or  thing  is  substi- 
tuted by  representation  for  another,  the  cause  is  put  for  the  effect,\he  subject 
•.  ^^  t/l^i'.'""  •  ""  ••"•f. •'''"" -:-»■''  '*■»  ^"v.  a  man  "keeps  a  good  table,"  or 
J^IJ  ^I'^'kspenre,"  m.anmg  his  works.  The  term  is  here  used  in  the 
sense  of  a  juggle  n|  words. 

.  JJr"[j!'  "i"'.  "'r'  '"  "."'■■  P"'".'"^  meaning.  Terms  of  second  intention, 
among  the  hehoolmen,  denote  .de.is  which  have  been  arbitrarilv  adcmtrd 

!^^.,Pw^T-'  f  "'ii'-T'"-  ',"  "PP»'"''i"n  '»  '•'"«<'  which  arc  connected  with 
r«a^  ..nH  J*"  •  ,  ^'""•«'-'  '">■'•  ':'"''  ''"'  ■"'"'"""  "f  "  '<^™  i«  "  -certain 
S/    K^l"-"'.'  '"S"'''™"""  of  it.  as  opposed  to  one  more  precise  an  I 

ii^i  1  ,1 7^.  "'T  '"•  ""T  P;''-'*"''"'-  ■"■'.  ''"^nce,  or  system,  and  which 

IS  called  lU  second  intention."     (liook  iii.  §  10  ) 

n1»;  Ji'^K!?."i^'''i  ''f  "■  u"!*"  V?  »-!"-"'"Ry;  but' wishes  the  conjurer  to  own 
plainlj  that  he  deals  with  the  Deril,  and  then  he  will  hope  for  some  satisf.^ 


236  HTIDIBHAS.  [fAET    II. 

Or  putting  tricks  upon  the  moon, 

Which  by  confed'racy  are  doue. 

Your  ancient  conjurers  were  wont 

To  make  her  from  her  sphere  dismount,'  600 

And  to  their  incantations  stoop  ! 

They  scorn' d  to  pore  thro'  telescope. 

Or  idl_y  pUiy  at  bo-peep  with  her, 

To  find  out  cloudy  or  fair  weather, 

Which  every  almanack  can  tell,  605 

Perhaps  as  learnedly  and  well 

As  you  yourself — Then,  friend  I  doubt 

You  go  the  furthest  way  about : 

Your  modest  Indian  Magician 

ISlakes  but  a  hole  in  th'  earth  to  piss  in,^  810 

And  straight  resolves  all  questions  by't. 

And  seldom  iails  to  be  i'  th'  right. 

The  Rosy-crucian  way's  more  sure 

To  bring  the  Devil  to  the  lure ; 

Each  of  'em  has  a  sev'ral  gin,  616 

To  catch  intelligences  in.' 

Some  by  the  nose,  witli  fumes,  trepan  'em. 

As  Duustan  did  the  Devil's  grannam.* 

tion  from  him.     To  show  what  may  be  done  in  this  way,  he  recounts  the 
great  achievoments  of  sorcerers. 

•  So  the  witch  Canidia,  in  Horace,  Ep.  XVII.  line  78,  hoasts  of  her 
power  to  snatch  the  moon  from  heaven  by  her  incantations.  The  ancients 
frequently  introduced  this  fiction.  See  'Virgil,  Eclogue  viii.  69 ;  Ovid's 
Metamorphoses,  vii.  207 ;  Propertius,  book  i.  elegy  i.  19 ;  and  TibuUus, 
book  i.  elegy  ii.  44. 

«  "  The  king  presently  called  to  his  Bongi  to  clear  the  air ;  the  conjuror 
immediately  niade  a  hole  in  the  ground,  wherein  he  urined."  Le  Blanc's 
Travels,  p.  98.  Tlie  ancient  Zabii  used  to  dig  a  hole  in  the  earth,  and  fill 
it  with  blood,  as  the  means  of  forming  a  correspondence  with  demons,  and 
obtaining  their  favour. 

'  To  secure  demons  or  spirits. 

«  The  chemists  and  alchemists.  In  Butler's  Remains,  vol.  ii.  p.  235 
we  read  .  "  these  spirits  they  use  to  catch  by  the  noses  with  fumigations,  as 
St  Dunstan  did  the  devil,  by  a  pair  of  tongs."  St  Dunstan  lived  in  the 
tenth  century,  and  became  successively  abbot  of  Glastonbury,  bishop  of 
i.ondon  and  Worcester,  and  archbishop  of  Canterbury.  He  was  a  man  of 
great  learning,  a  student  of  the  occult  sciences,  and  proficient  in  the  polite 
arts,  particubirly  painting  and  sculpture.  The  legend  runs,  that  as  he  was 
very  attentively  engraving  a  gold  cup  in  his  cell,  the  Devil  tempted  him 
in  the  shape  of'a  beautiful  woman.     The  saint,  perceiving  who  it  was,  took 


CAKTO    IIT.J  HITBIBBAS.  237 

Otliers  with  characters  and  words 

Catch  'etn,  as  men  in  nets  do  birds  ; '  620 

And  some  with  symbols,  sijTns,  and  tricks, 

Enijrav'd  in  phiuctary  nicks," 

"Witli  their  own  influences  will  fetch  'em 

Down  from  their  orbs,  arrest,  and  catch  'em ; 

Make  'em  depose,  and  answer  to  62S 

All  questions,  ere  thev  let  them  go. 

Bombastus  kept  a  devil's  bird 

Shut  in  the  pummel  of  his  sword,' 

That  taught  him  all  the  cunning  pranks 

Of  past  and  future  mountebanks.  630 

Kelly  did  all  his  feats  upon 

The  Devil's  looking-glass,  a  stone,* 

Where,  playing  with  him  at  bo-peep, 

He  solv'd  all  problems  ne'er  so  deep. 

up  a  reil-hiit  pair  of  tonfjs,  and  catching  hold  of  the  Devil  by  the  nose,  made 
him  howl  in  such  a  terrible  manner,  as  to  be  heard  all  over  the  neighbour- 
hood. 

'  By  repetition  of  magical  sounds  and  words,  properly  called  enchant- 
ments.    Sec  Chaucer's  Third  Book  of  Fame. 

'  By  signs  and  figures  described  according  to  a.strological  symmetry; 
that  is,  certain  conjunctions  or  oppositions  witli  the  planets  and  aspects  'of 
the  stars. 

'  Bombastus  was  the  family  name  of  Paracelsus,  of  whom  see  note  at 
page  224.  Butler's  note  on  this  passage  in  the  edition  of  1674,  is  as  follows  : 
"  I'aracelsus  is  said  to  have  kept  a  small  devil  prisoner  in  the  pummel  of  his 
sword ;  which  was  the  reason,  perhaps,  whv  he  w.is  so  valiant  in  his  drink. 
However,  it  was  to  better  purpose  than  tiannibal  carried  poison  in  his 
to  dispatch  himself,  if  ho  shouhl  happen  to  be  .surprised  in  any  great 
extremity;  fnr  the  sword  would  have  done  the  feat  alone  much  better  and 
more  soMier-like.  .\nd  it  was  below  the  honour  of  so  great  a  commander 
to  go  out  of  the  world  like  a  rat." 

'  Dr  rice  had  a  stone,  which  he  called  his  angelical  stone,  asserting 
that  it  was  brought  to  him  by  the  angels  ILaphad  and  Gabriel,  with  whom 
he  pretended  to  be  familiar.  He  tolil  the  emperor  "  that  the  angels  of  God 
had  brought  to  him  a  stone  of  such  value,  that  no  earthly  kingdom  is  of 
sufficient  worthiness  to  be  compared  to  the  virtue  or  dignity  thereof."  It 
was  large,  round,  and  very  transparent ;  and  persons  who  were  qualified 
for  the  sight  of  it,  were  to  perceive  various  shapes  and  figures,  cither  repre- 
sented in  it  as  in  a  looking-glass,  or  standing  upon  it  as  on  a  pedestal.  'I'his 
stone  is  now  in  the  Dipartmcut  of  Antiquities,  British  Museum.  See  Zad- 
kiel's  .\lman.ac  for  1851,  for  an  account  of  one  of  these  crystal  balls,  which 
formerly  belonged  to  I.ady  Blcssington,  and  for  the  visions  which  were  seen 
in  it  (.>)'  in  1350.     It  is  said  that  Dee'a  Angelical  Stone,  which  was  in  the 


238  HTTDIBBAS.  [PAET   II 

Agrippa  kept  a  Stygian  pug,  635 

I'  th'  garb  and  habit  of  a  dog,' 

That  was  his  tutor,  and  the  cur 

Head  to  th'  occult  philosopher,^ 

And  taught  him  subt'ly  to  maintain 

All  other  sciences  are  vain.'  610 

To  this,  quoth  Sidrophello,  Sir, 
Agrippa  was  no  conjurer. 
Nor  Paracelsus,  no,  uor  Behmeu ;  ' 
Nor  was  the  dog  a  caco-dfemon, 

But  a  true  dog  that  would  show  tricks  6-lo 

For  th'  emperor,  and  leap  o'er  sticiis  ; 
Would  fetch  and  carry,  was  more  civU 
Than  other  dogs,  but  yet  no  devil ; 
And  whatsoe'er  he's  said  to  do. 

He  went  the  self-same  way  we  go.  6oC 

As  for  the  Rosy-cross  philosophers. 
Whom  you  will  have  to  be  but  sorcerers, 
What  they  pretend  to  is  no  more 
Than  Trismegistus  did  before,^ 

Strawberry  Hill  Collection,  turned  out  to  be  only  a  polished  piece  of  cannel 
coal. 

1  As  Paracelsus  had  a  devil  confined  in  the  pummel  of  his  sword,  so 
"  Agrippa  had  one  tied  to  his  dog's  collar,"  says  Erastus.  It  is  probable 
..hat  the  collar  had  some  strange  unintelligible  characters  engraven  upon 
it.  Mr  Butler  (in  edit.  1674)  has  the  following  note  on  these  lines :  "  Cor 
lelius  Agrippa  had  a  dog  that  was  suspected  to  be  a  spirit,  for  some  tricks 
ne  was  wont  to  do  beyond  the  capacity  of  a  dog.  But  the  author  of  Magia 
Adamica  has  taken  n  great  deal  of  pains  to  vindicate  both  the  doctor  and 
the  dog  from  that  aspersion  ;  in  which  he  has  shown  a  very  great  respect 
and  kindness  for  them  both." 

-  Meaning  Agrippa,  who  wrote  a  book  entitled,  De  Occulta  Philosophia. 
See  note  at  p.  25. 

'  Bishop  Warburton  says,  nothing  can  be  more  pleasant  than  this  turn 
given  to  Agrippa's  silly  book,  De  Vanitate  Scientiarura. 

*  Jacob  Behmen  or  Bohmen,  the  inspired  shoemaker,  iind  theosophist,  of 
Lusatia,  was  merely  an  enthusiast,  who  deluded  himself  in  common  with 
his  followers.  Law,  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  edited  his  works  and  gave  them 
vogue  in  this  country,  and  there  are  not  wanting  admirers  of  them  even 
at  the  present  day. 

*  The  Egyptian  deity  Thoth,  called  Hermes  by  the  Greeks,  .ind  Mercu, 
by  the  Latins,  from  whom  the  early  chemists  pretended  to  have  derived 
their  art,  is  the  mythical  personincatiou  of  almost  all  that  is  -  duahle  to 
man. 


CAKTO  in.]  HUDIBHAS.  239 

Pvtliagoras,  old  Zoroaster,'  655 

And  Apolloniiis  tlieir  master,' 

To  wlioin  they  do  confess  tliey  owe 

All  that  they  do,  and  all  they  know. 

Quoth  Hudibra.i, — Alas,  what  is't  t'  U9 
Whether  'twere  said  by  Trismeiristus,  660 

If  it  be  nonsen.se,  false,  or  mystick, 
Or  not  intelliii^ible,  or  sojihistick  ? 
'Tis  not  antiquitr,  nor  author. 
That  makes  Truth  truth,  altho'  Time's  daughter  ; ' 
'Twas  he  that  put  her  in  the  pit,  665 

Before  he  pull'd  her  out  of  it ;  * 

'  Little  is  known  of  Zoroa.'iter,  who  is  supposed  to  have  lived  six  cen- 
turies before  the  Christian  era.  Manv  miracli's  are  attributed  to  him  by  the 
ancient  writers,  and  he  is  the  legendary  founder  of  the  relijrion  of  the  old 
Persians,  and  reputed  inventor  of  majric.  Pythagoras,  a  Greek  philosopher, 
flourished  about  the  sixth  or  seventh  century  before  Christ.  He  was  the 
Echolar  of  ThaJes,  travelled  in  Egypt,  Chaldea,  and  other  parts  of  the  East, 
and  was  initiated  into  all  their  mysteries ;  and  at  last  settleil  in  Italy,  where 
he  founded  the  Italic  sect.  He  commonlv  expressed  himself  by  symbols. 
Many  incredible  stories  are  reported  of  himiiy  Diogenes  Laertius,  Jamblicus, 
and  others. 

'  ApoUonius  of  Tyana  lived  in  the  time  of  Domitian.  IManv  improbable 
wonders  arc  related  of  him  by  Philestratus  ;  and  more  are  added  by  sub' 
sequent  writers.  According  to  tliese  accounts  he  raised  tlic  dead,  rendered 
himself  invisible,  w.os  seen  at  Pome  and  Putcoli  on  the  same  day,  and  pro- 
claimed at  Ephesus  the  murder  of  Domitian  at  the  verv  instant  of  its  per- 
petration at  Rome.  This  last  fact  is  attested  by  Dio  C'assius,  the  consular 
hiUorian  ;  who,  with  the  most  vehement  asseverations,  affirms  it  to  be 
certainly  true,  though  it  should  be  denied  a  thousand  times  over.  Yet  the 
same  Dio  elsewhere  calls  him  a  cheat  and  impostor.  Dio,  Ixviii.  ult.  et  l.xxvii. 
18.  The  Life  of  ApoUonius  of  Tyana,  written  bv  Pliilostratus,  has  been 
translated  into  English  by  Iilo\mt,  16S0,  and  by  Berwick,  1809.  Sceptics 
of  all  ages  have  been  fond  of  comparing  the  feats  of  ApoUonius  with  the 
miracles  of  Jesus  Christ. 

'  The  Knight  argues  that  opinions  are  not  always  to  be  received  on  the 
authiiritv  of  a  great  name ;  nor  does  the  antiquity  of  an  opinion  ever  con- 
stitute the  truth  of  it. 

'  Time  brings  truth  to  light,  although  it  was  time  also  which  bad  concealed 
it.  It  often  involves  subjects  in  perplexity,  and  occasions  those  very  diffi- 
culties which  afterwards  it  helps  to  remove.  Bishop  Warburton  observes, 
that  the  satire  contained  in  these  lines  of  our  author  is  fine  and  just.  Cleanthes 
said  that  "  truth  was  hid  in  a  ijit."  "  Yes,"  answers  the  poet ;  "  but  you, 
Greek  philosophers,  were  the  hrst  that  put  her  in  there,  and  then  claimed 
to  much  merit  to  yourselves  for  drawing  her  out." 


240  HTTDTBEAS.  [PABT   11 

And  as  he  eats  Lis  sons,  just  so 

He  feeds  upon  his  daughters  too.' 

Nor  does  it  follow,  'cause  a  herald 

Can  make  a  gentleman,  scarce  a  year  old,'  670 

To  be  descended  of  a  race 

Of  ancien|t  kings  in  a  small  space, 

That  we  should  all  opinions  hold 

Authentic,  that  we  can  make  old. 

Quoth  Sidrophel,  It  is  no  part  675 

Of  prudence  to  cry  down  an  art, 
And  what  it  may  perform,  deny, 
Because  you  understand  not  why ; 
As  Averrhoes  play'd  but  a  mean  trick. 
To  damn  our  whole  art  for  eccentrick,'    _  680 

For  who  knows  all  that  knowledge  contains  ? 
Men  dwell  not  on  the  tops  of  mountains, 
But  on  their  sides,  or  rising's  seat ; 
So  'tis  with  knowledge's  vast  height. 
Do  not  the  hist'ries  of  all  ages  685 

Relate  miraculous  presages 
Of  strange  turns  in  the  world's  affairs, 
Foreseen  b'  astrologers,  soothsayers, 
Chaldeans,  learn'd  Genethliacks,^ 
And  some  that  have  writ  almanacks  ?  690 

'  If  Truth  is  "  Time's  daughter,"  yet  Saturn,  or  Time,  may  be  none  the 
kinder  to  her  on  that  account.  For,  as  poets  feign  that  Saturn  eats  his 
sons,  so  he  may  also  be  supposed  to  feed  upon  his  daughters. 

2  In  all  civil  wars  the  order  of  things  is  subverted ;  the  poor  become  rich, 
and  the  rich  poor.  And  they  who  suddenly  gain  riches  seek,  in  the  next 
place,  to  be  furnished  with  an  honourable  pedigree,  however  fictitious. 
Many  instances  of  this  kind  are  preserved  in  Walker's  History  of  Inde- 
pendency, Bate's  Lives  of  the  Eegicides,  &c.  But  the  satire  applies  to 
heraldic  pedigrees  generally. 

^  Averrhoes  flourished  in  the  twelfth  century.  He  was  a  great  critic, 
lawyer,  and  physician ;  and  one  of  the  most  subtle  philosophers  that  ever 
appeared  among  the  Arabians.  He  wrote  a  commentary  upon  Aristotle, 
from  whence  he  obtained  the  surname  of  commentator.  He  much  disliked 
the  epicycles  and  eccentrics  which  Ptolemy  had  introduced  into  his  system  ; 
they  seemed  so  absurd  to  him,  that  they  gave  him  a  disgust  to  the  science 
of  astronomy  in  general.  He  does  not  seem  to  have  formed  a  more  favour- 
able opinion  of  astrology,  which  he  condemned  as  eccentric  and  fallacious, 
having  no  foundation  in  truth  or  certainty. 

*  Genethliaci,  or  Cha-ijeans,  were  GoothJayers,  who  undertook  to  foretell 


OAJjro  III.]  uiDiimAS.  2l\ 

The  Median  emp'ror  drenm'tl  liis  daughter 

Had  pist  all  Asia  under  water,' 

And  that  a  vine,  sprung  from  her  haunches, 

O'erspread  his  empire  with  its  branches ; 

And  did  not  soothsayers  expound  it,  69S 

As  after  by  th'  event  he  found  it  ? 

"When  Caesar  in  the  senate  fell. 

Did  not  the  sun  eclips'd  foretell ; 

And  in  resentment  of  his  slaughter, 

Look'd  pale  for  almost  a  year  after  ?  ^  70C 

Augustus  having,  b'  oversight, 

Put  on  his  left  shoe  'fore  his  right,* 

Had  like  to  have  been  slain  that  day, 

Bj'  soldiers  mutin'ing  for  pay. 

Are  there  not  myriads  of  this  sort,  705 

Which  stories  of  all  times  report  F 

Is  it  not  ominous  in  all  countries. 

When  crows  and  ravens  croak  upon  trees  ?  * 

The  Eoman  senate,  when  within 

The  city  walls  an  owl  was  seen,'  710 

Did  cause  their  clergy,  with  lustrations, 

Our  Synod  calls  Humiliations, 

the  fortunes  of  men  from  circumstances  attending  their  births,  by  casting 
their  nativities. 

>  Astyages,  kin"  of  Media,  had  this  dream  of  his  daughter  Mandane; 
and  being  alarmed  at  the  interpretation  which  was  given  oi  it  by  the  Magij 
he  married  her  to  Carahyses,  a  Persian  of  mean  quality.  Her  son  was  Cyrus, 
who  fulfilled  the  dream  by  the  conquest  of  Asia.  See  Herodotus,  i.  107, 
and  Jlistin. 

'  The  prodigies,  said  to  have  preceded  the  death  of  Csesar,  are  mentioned 
by  several  of  the  classics,  Virgil,  Ovid,  Plutarch,  &c.  But  the  poet  alludes 
to  what  is  related  by  Pliny  in  his  Natural  History,  ii.  30.  See  also  Shak- 
spcare  for  a  full  account  of  these  prodigies,  Jul.  t'les.  Act  i.  sc.  3. 

■  Pliny  tells  this  tale,  in  his  Second  Book.  See  alM  Suetonius,  lib.  ii.  s. 
29.  The  ascents  to  temples  were  always  contrived  so  that  the  worshippers 
might  set  their  right  foot  upon  the  uppermost  step,  as  the  ancients  were 
superstitious  in  this  respect.  And  we  have  an  old  English  saying  about 
putting  the  right  foot  foremost.     (Handbook  of  Proverbs,  p.  160.) 

*  Ravens,  crows,  magpies,  and  the  like,  have  always  been  regarded  as 
oirds  of  ominous  appearance.  But  the  omens  have  been  variously  inter- 
preted in  different  ages  and  countries.  In  England  if  they  croak  against 
the  sun  it  is  for  fine  weather,  if  in  the  water  it  is  for  rain.  Bishop  Hall 
says,  "  If  you  hear  but  a  raven  croak  from  the  next  roof,  make  your  will." 

»  See  Julius  Obscquens,  No.  44,  45,  and  Lycostheues,  p.  194,  195. 

» 


242  HTTDIBBAS.  [PABT  U. 

The  round-fac'd  prodigy  t'  avert 
Prom  doiug  town  or  country  hurt. 
And  if  an  owl  have  so  much  pow'r,  715 

Why  should  not  planets  have  much  more, 
That  in  a  region  far  above 
Inferior  fowls  of  the  air  move, 
And  should  see  further,  and  foreknow 
More  than  their  augury  below  ?  730 

Tho'  that  once  serv'd  the  polity 
Of  mighty  states  to  govern  by  ; ' 
And  this  is  what  we  take  in  hand, 
By  pow'rful  art,  to  understand  ; 

AVhich,  how  we  have  perform'd,  all  ages  725 

Can  speak  th'  events  of  our  presages. 
Have  we  not  lately  in  the  moon 
Found  a  new  world,  to  th'  old  unknown  ?  ^ 
Discover'd  sea  and  land,  Columbus 
And  Magellan  could  never  compass  ?  730 

Made  mountains  with  oivr  tubes  appear, 
And  cattle  grazing  on  them  there  ? 
Quoth  Hudibras,  Tou  lie  so  ope, 
That  I,  without  a  telescope, 

Can  find  your  tricks  out,  and  descry  735 

Where  you  tell  truth  and  where  you  lie : 
For  Anaxagoras,  long  agone, 
Saw  hills,  as  well  as  you,  i'  th'  moon,^ 

'  It  appears  from  many  passages  of  Cicero,  and  other  authors,  that  the 
determinations  of  the  augurs,  aruspices,  and  the  sibylline  books,  were  com- 
monly contrived  to  promote  the  ends  of  government,  or  to  serve  the  pur- 
poses of  the  chief  managers  in  the  commonwealth. 

2  "  The  fame  of  Galileo's  observations  excited  many  others  to  repeat 
them,  and  to  make  maps  of  the  moon's  spots."  The  reference  here,  except 
in  respect  of  the  "  cattle,"  is  to  the  map  of  Hevelius  in  his  Selenographia 
sive  Luna  Descriptio.  See  also  the  Cure  of  Melancholy,  by  Democritus, 
junior,  p.  254. 

'  See  Burnet's  Arohaeolog.  cap.  x.  p.  144.  Anaxagoras  of  Clazomene 
was  the  first  of  the  Ionic  philosophers  who  maintained  that  the  several  parts 
of  the  universe  were  the  works  of  a  supreme  intelligent  being,  and  conse- 
quently did  not  allow  the  sun  and  moon  to  be  gods.  On  this  account  he 
was  accused  of  impiety,  and  thrown  into  prison ;  but  released  by  the  inter- 
cession of  Pericles,  wlio  had  been  one  of  his  pupils.  The  poet  might  pro- 
bably have  Bishop  Wilkins  in  view,  wliose  hook,  maintaining  that  the  moon 
was  a  habitable  world,  and  proposing  schemes  for  flying  there,  weut 
through  several  editions  between  1GS8  and  1684. 


OAXTo  III.]  nrniBRAS.  243 

And  licld  the  sun  was  but  a  piece 

Of  red-liot  iron  as  lii;;  as  Greece  ; '  710 

Believ'd  the  heav'ns  were  made  of  stone, 

Because  the  suu  had  voided  oue  ;  * 

And,  rather  tlian  he  would  recant 

Th'  opinion,  suffer'd  banishment. 

But  wliat,  alas !  is  it  to  us,  745 

"Whether  i'  th'  moon,  men  thus  or  thus 
Bo  cat  their  porridi^'e,  cut  their  corns, 
Or  whether  tliey  have  tails  or  horns  ? 
What  trade  from  thence  can  you  advance, 
But  what  we  nearer  have  from  France  ?  750 

"What  can  our  travellers  bring  home, 
That  is  not  to  be  learnt  at  Kome  ? 
"What  politics,  or  strange  opinions, 
That  are  not  iu  our  own  dominions  ? 
"What  science  can  be  brought  from  thence,  755 

Tn  which  we  do  not  here  commence  ? 
"What  revelations,  or  religions. 
That  are  not  in  our  native  regions  ? 
Are  sweating-lanterns,'  or  screen-fans. 
Made  better  there  than  they're  in  France  ?  760 

Or  do  they  teach  to  sing  au'd  play, 
O'  th'  guitar  there  a  newer  way  ? 
Can  they  make  plays  there,  that  shall  fit 
The  public  humour  with  less  wit  ? 

'  In  Butler's  Remains  we  read 

For  the  ancients  only  took  it  for  a  piece 
Of  red-hot  iron,  as  fiig  as  Peloponcse. 

Alluding  to  one  of  the  notions  about  the  moon,  attributed,  no  doubt  falsely, 
to  .\naxagoras.  See  his  Life  in  Diogenes  Inertias  (Bohn's  edit.  p.  59  'et 
»<■?.). 

»  Anaxagoras  had  foretold  that  a  large  stone  would  fall  from  heaven,  and 
it  was  supposed  to  have  been  found  soon  afterwards  near  iEgospotamos. 
The  fall  of  the  stone  is  recorded  in  the  Arundelian  marbles. 

'  These  lanterns,  as  the  poet  calls  them,  were  bojcs,  wherein  the  whole 
body  was  placed,  togctlier  with  a  lamp.  They  were  used  by  quacks,  in  a 
certain  disease,  to  bring  on  perspiration.  See  Swift's  Works,  vol.  vi.  Pcthox 
the  Great,  v.  56,  HawVesworth's  edition.  Screen  fans  were  used  to  shade 
the  eves  from  the  fire,  and  commonly  hung  by  the  side  of  the  chimney ; 
sometimes  ladies  carried  them  along  with  thein :  they  were  made  of  or- 
oamented  leather,  paper,  straw,  or  feathers. 

9  a 


244  HUDIBEAS.  [FAJBT   TI. 

Write  wittier  dances,  quamter  shows,  765 

Or  fight  with  more  ingenious  blows  ? 

Or  does  the  man  i'  th'  moon  look  big, 

And  wear  a  huger  periwig, 

Show  in  his  gait  or  face  more  tricks, 

Than  our  own  native  lunaticks  ?  '  770 

But,  if  w'  outdo  him  here  at  home, 

What  good  of  your  design  can  come  ? 

As  wind,  i'  th'  hypocondi'es  pent," 

la  hut  a  blast,  if  downward  sent ; 

But  if  it  upward  chance  to  fly,  775 

Becomes  new  light  and  prophecy  ;^ 

So  when  our  speculations  tend 

Above  their  just  and  useful  end, 

Altho'  they  promise  strange  and  great 

Discoveries  of  things  far  fet,  780 

'  These  and  the  foregoing  lines  -were  a  satire  upon  the  gait,  dress,  and 
;arriage  of  the  fops  and  beaux  of  those  days.  Loug  perukes  had  some 
years  previously  been  introduced  in  France,  and  in  out  poet's  time  had  come 
into  great  vogue  in  England. 

2  In  the  belly,  under  the  short  ribs.  These  lines  were  cleverly  turned 
into  Latin  by  Dr  Harmer. 

Sic  hypocondriacis  inelusa  meatibus  aura 
Desinet  in  crepitum,  si  fertur  prona  per  alvum ; 
Sed  si  summa  petat,  mentisque  invaserit  arcem 
Divinus  furor  est,  et  conscia  flamma  ftituri. 

The  subject  seems  to  have  afforded  scope,  or  rather  "  given  vent,"  to  the 
wit  of  the  day.  In  Dornavii  Amphitheatrum  Sapientifp  joco-seriiP^  Hanov. 
1619,  are  several  early  pieces  "de  peditu,"  and  a  merry  English  writer 
gives  the  following  joco-scieutiiic  definition  of  it.  "  A  nitro-aerial  vapour, 
exhaled  from  an  adjacent  pond  of  stagnant  water,  of  a  saline  nature,  and 
rarefied  and  sublimed  into  the  nose  of  a  microscopical  alembic  by  the 
general  heat  of  a  stercorarius  balneum,  with  a  strong  empyreuma,  and 
forced  through  the  posteriors  by  the  compressive  power  of  the  compulsive 
faculty." 

3  New  light  was  a  phrase  coined  at  that  time,  and  used  ever  since  for 
any  new  opinion  in  religion.  In  the  north  of  Ireland,  where  the  dissenters 
are  chiefly  divided  into  two  sects,  they  are  distinguished  as  the  old  and  the 
new  lights.  The  old  lights  are  such  as  rigidly  adhere  to  the  old  Calvinistic 
doctrine  ;  and  the  new  lights  are  those  who  have  adopted  the  more  modem 
latitudinarian  opinions :  these  are  frequently  hostde  to  each  other,  as 
their  predecessors  the  Presbyterians  and  Independents  were  in  the  time  of 
the  Civil  Wars. 


CA5T0    III.]  HUDTBHA8.  245 

They  are  but  idle  dreams  and  fancies, 

And  savour  stronwlv  of  the  gaiizas.' 

Tell  me  but  what's  the  natural  cause, 

Why  on  a  sign  no  painter  draws 

The  full  moon  ever,  but  the  half; —  786 

Resolve  that  with  your  Jacob's  staff;  ' 

Or  why  wolves  raise  a  hubbub  at  her, 

And  dogs  howl  when  slie  shines  iu  water ; 

And  I  shall  freely  give  my  vote, 

Tou  may  know  something  more  remote.  790 

At  this,  deep  Sidrophel  look'd  wise, 
And  staring  round  with  owl-like  eyes, 
He  put  his  face  into  a  posture 
Of  sapience,  and  began  to  bluster  ; 
For  having  three  times  shook  his  head  795 

To  stir  his  wit  up,  thus  Ire  said : 
Art  has  no  mortal  enemies,* 
Next  ignorance,  but  owls  and  geese : 
Those  consecrated  geese,  in  orders, 
That  to  the  Capitol  were  warders,*  800 

And  being  then  upon  patrol, 
"With  noise  alone  beat  otf  the  Gaul ; 
Or  those  Athenian  sceptic  owls. 
That  will  not  credit  their  own  souls,* 

•  Godwin,  afterwards  bishop  of  Hereford,  wrote  in  his  youth,  a  kind  of 
•stronomical  romance,  under  the  feigned  name  of  Domingo  Gonzales,  and 
entitled  it  The  Maa  in  the  Moon,  or  a  Discourse  on  a  Voyage  thither  (pub- 
lished London,  IG^iS).  It  gives  an  account  of  hi.s  being  drawn  up  to  the 
moon  in  a  light  vi'hiclo,  by  certain  bird.s  called  ganzas,  a  Spanish  word 
(nr  geete.  The  Knii;ht  here  censures  the  pretensions  of  Sidrophel  by  com- 
paring them  with  this  wild  expedition.  The  poet  likewise  might  intend 
to  banter  some  of  the  aerial  projects  of  the  learned  liisluip  Wilkius. 

«  A  mathematical  instrument  for  taking  the  heights  and  distances  of 
stars. 

'  "  Et  quod  Tulgo  aiunt,  artem  non  habere  inimicum  nisi  ignoranteni." 
Sp'at  thought  it  necessary  to  write  many  pages  to  show  tliat  natunil  phi- 
losophy was  not  likelv  to  subvert  our  government,  or  our  religion  ;  and  that 
experimental  knowledge  had  no  tendencv  to  make  men  either  bad  subjects  or 
bad  Christians.     See  Sprat's  flistorv  of  the  Royal  Society. 

*  The  garrison  of  a  castle  were  called  warders.  The  t.ale  of  the  defeat  of 
the  night  attack  on  the  ('a|)it.il  through  the  cackling  of  tlie  sacred  geese  of 
Juno,  is  well  known.     .See  I.ivy's  Roman  Hist.  Hook  v.  e.  77. 

»  Incredulous  persons.  lie 'calls  them  owls  because  th.at  bird  was  the 
emblem  of  wisdom ;  and  Athenian,  because  that  bird  was  sacred  to  Minerva, 


24G  HrDiBHAB.  [rAET  ii 

Or  any  science  understand,  SOS 

Beyond  the  reach  of  eye  or  hand  ; 

But  measuring  all  things  by  their  own 

Knowledge,  hold  nothing's  to  be  known  : 

Those  wholesale  critics,  that  in  coflee- 

Houses  cry  down  all  philosophy,  810 

And  will  not  know  upon  what  ground 

In  nature  we  our  doctrine  found, 

Altho'  with  pregnant  evidence 

We  can  demonstrate  it  to  sense, 

As  I  just  now  have  done  to  you,  815 

Foretelling  what  you  came  to  know. 

Were  the  stars  only  made  to  light 

Bobbers  and  burglarers  by  night  ?  ' 

To  wait  on  drunkards,  thieves,  gold-finders, 

And  lovers  solacing  behind  doors  ?  820 

Or  giving  one  another  pledges 

Of  matrimony  under  hedges  ? 

Or  witches  simpling,  and  on  gibbets 

Cutting  from  malefactors  snippets  ?  * 

Or  from  the  pill'ry  tips  of  ears  8SS 

Of  rebel-saints  and  perjurers  ? 

Only  to  stand  by,  and  look  on. 

But  not  know  what  is  said  or  done  ? 

Is  there  a  constellation  there 

That  was  not  born  and  bred  up  here  ;  880 

And  therefore  cannot  be  to  learn 

In  any  inferior  concern  ? 

the  protectress  of  Athens.  Since  the  owl,  however,  is  usually  considered  a 
moping,  drowsy  bird,  the  poet  intimates  that  the  knowledge  of  tliese  sceptics 
is  obscure,  confused,  and  undigested.  The  meaning  of  the  whole  passage  is : 
that  there  are  two  sorts  of  men,  who  are  great  enemies  to  the  advancement 
of  science ;  the  first,  bigoted  divines,  who,  upon  hearing  of  any  new  discovery 
in  nature,  apprehend  an  attack  upon  religion,  and  proclaim  loudly  that  the 
Capitol,  i.  e.  the  faith  of  the  chuich,  is  in  danger ;  the  others,  self-sufficient 
philosophers,  who  lay  down  arbitrary  principles,  and  reject  every  truth 
which  does  not  coincide  with  them. 

'  Sidriiphel  argues,  that  so  many  luminous  bodies  could  never  have  been 
constructed  for  the  sole  purpose  of  affording  a  little  light,  in  tlie  absence 
of  the  sun  ;  but  his  reasoning  does  not  contribute  much  to  the  support  of 
a.strology. 

-  Collecting  herbs,  and  other  requisites,  for  their  enchantments.  See 
Shakspeare's  Macbeth,  Act  iv. 


CA.NTO    III.]  HUDIBRA8.  247 

"Were  tlioy  not,  during  all  their  lives, 

Most  of  'em  pirates,  -rtliores,  and  thieves  ? 

And  is  it  like  they  have  not  still  835 

In  their  old  practices  some  skill  ? 

Is  there  a  planet  that  by  birth 

Does  not  derive  its  house  from  earth  ; 

And  therefore  probably  must  know 

What  is,  and  hath  been  done  below?  840 

Who  made  the  Balance,  or  whence  eame 

The  Bull,  the  Lion,  and  the  Kam  ? 

Did  not  we  here  the  Argo  rig, 

!Make  Berenice's  periwig  ?  ' 

Whose  liv'ry  does  the  Coachman'  wear?  845 

Or  who  made  Cassiopeia's  ciiair?' 

And  therefore,  as  they  came  from  hence, 

With  us  may  hold  iutelligence. 

Plato  deiiy'd  the  world  cau  be 

Govern'd  without  geometry,*  850 

For  money  b'ing  the  common  scale 

Of  things  by  measure,  weight,  and  tale, 

In  all  th'  affairs  of  church  and  state, 

'Tis  both  the  balance  and  the  weight : 

Then  much  less  cau  it  be  without  866 

Divine  astrology  made  out. 

That  puts  the  other  down  in  worth, 

As  far  as  heaven's  above  earth. 

These  reasons,  quoth  the  Knight,  I  grant 
Are  something  more  siguiHcaut  8G0 

Than  any  that  the  learned  use 
Upon  this  subject  to  produce  ; 

•  Meaning  the  constellation  called  Coma  Berenices.  Berenice,  the  wife  of 
Ptolemy  Ever<rotes,  kin?  of  %ypt,  made  a  vow  when  her  hu.shand  undcr- 
took  hia  f.ipp,lm..n  into  Syria,  that  if  he  returned  safe  she  would  cut  off 
and  dedicate  her  hair  to  \ onus,  and  this,  on  hi.s  return,  she  fulfilled  The 
offenn?  by  some  acndent  hein;:  lo.st,  Conon,  the  matliematician,  to  soothe 
her  feelinfrs,  declared  that  her  hair  was  carried  up  to  heaven,  where  it  was 
formed  uito  seven  stars,  near  the  tail  of  the  Lion.  Hence  the  eonsteUation 
of  this  name. 

'The  constellation  Auripra,  near  that  of  Cassiopeia ;  which  lies  near  those 
or  tepbeus,  rerseus,  and  Andromeda. 

'  A  eonsteUation  in  the  northern  hemisphere,  consisting  of  .5.5  stars 
PUto    out  of  fondness  f.)r  Kcometry,  employed  it  in  all  his  systemn. 
He  used  to  say  that  the  Deity  povomed  the  world  on  geometrical  principles 
performing  everything  by  weight  and  measure. 


^■IS  HUDIBBAS.  [PAET   II. 

And  yet  they're  far  from  satisfactory, 

T'  establish  and  keep  up  your  factory. 

Th'  Egyptians  say,  the  sun  has  twice  '  866 

Shifted  his  setting  and  his  rise  ; 

Twice  has  he  risen  in  the  west, 

As  many  times  set  in  the  east ; 

But  whether  that  be  true  or  no, 

The  devil  any  of  you  know.  870 

Some  hold,  the  heavens,  like  a  top. 

Are  kept  by  circulation  up,^ 

And  were't  not  for  their  wheeling  round, 

They'd  instantly  fall  to  the  ground: 

As  sage  Empedocles  of  old,-'  875 

And  from  him  modern  authors  hold. 

Plato  believ'd  the  sun  and  moon 

Below  all  other  planets  run.* 

Some  Mercury,  some  Venus  seat 

Above  the  sun  himself  in  height.  880 

'  The  Egyptian  priests  informed  Herodotus  that,  in  the  space  of  11,340 
years,  the  sun  had  four  times  risen  and  set  out  of  its  usual  course,  rising 
twice  where  it  now  sets,  and  setting  twice  where  it  now  rises.  See  Herodo- 
tus (Bohn's  transl.  p.  152).  Spenser  alludes  to  this  supposed  miracle  in 
his  Fairy  Queen,  book  v.  c.  1,  stanza  6,  et  seq.  Such  a  phienomenon  might 
have  been  observed  by  some  who  had  ventured  beyond  the  equator,  to  the 
south,  exploring  the  continent  of  Africa ;  for  there,  to  any  one  standing 
with  his  face  to  the  sun  at  noon,  it  would  appear  that  the  sun  had  risen  on 
his  right  hand,  and  was  about  to  set  on  his  left. 

2  It  is  mentioned  as  one  of  the  opinions  of  Anaxagoras,  tliat  the  heaven 
was  composed  of  stone,  and  was  kept  up  by  violent  circumrotation,  but 
would  fall  when  the  rapidity  of  that  motion  should  be  remitted.  Sonie  do 
Anaxagoras  the  honour  to  suppose,  that  this  conceit  of  his,  gave  the  first 
hint  towards  the  modern  theory  of  the  planetary  motions. 

'  Empedocles  was  a  philosopher  '■f  Agrigentura,  in  Sicily,  of  the  5th  cent. 
B.  c.  ^  He  was  equally  famous  for  his  knowledge  of  natural  history  and 
medicine,  and  as  a  poet  and  a  statesman  ;  and  it  is  generally  related  that  he 
threw  himself  into  Mount  Etna,  so  that  by  suddenly  disappearing  he  might 
establish  his  claim  to  divinity,  but  Diogenes  Laertius  gives  a  more  rational 
account  of  his  death.  He  maintained  the  motions  of  the  sun  and  the 
planets  ;  hut  held  that  the  stars  were  composed  of  fire,  and  fixed  in  a  crystal 
sphere,  and  that  the  sun  was  a  body  of  fire.  Some  of  these  opinions  are 
embodied  in  Shakspeare's  familiar  lines : 

"  Doubt  that  the  st.irs  are  fire 
Doubt  that  the  sun  doth  move,"  &c. 
•  The  Knight  further  argues,  that  there  can  he  no  foundation  for  truth  in 
astrology,  since  the  learned  ditfer  so  much  about  the  planets  tlicmselves, 
from  which  astrologers  chicflv  drpw  their  predictions. 


249 


885 


8B0 


8»S 


CiKTO    HI.]  nUDIBKAS. 

The  learned  Sealiger  eomplain'd 

'Gaiust  what  Copernicus  niaiutain'd,' 

That  in  twelve  hundred  years,  and  odd,' 

The  8UU  had  left  his  ancient  road, 

And  nearer  to  the  Earth  is  come', 

'Bove  til'ty  thousand  miles  from  home  : 

Swore  'twas  a  most  notorious  flam, 

And  he  that  had  so  little  shame 

To  vent  such  fopperies  abroad, 

Deserv'd  to  have  his  rump  well  claw'd : 

AVhich  Monsieur  Bodin  hearing,  swore 

That  he  deserv'd  the  rod  nuich^more,' 

That  durst  upon  a  truth  give  doom,  ' 

He  knew  less  than  the  pope  of  Kome.'* 

Cardan  believ'd  great  states  depend 

Upon  the  tip  o'  th'  Bear's  tail's  end;* 

That  as  she  whisk'd  it  t'wards  the  sun, 

Strow'd  mighty  empires  up  and  down  • 

.hi  ^r''^™'-'",'^"""^-  '^'-'.""i  eccentricity  of  the  sun,  or  the  oblinnity  of 
the  ecliptic,  nad  been  d.ra.nished  by  raanv  parts  since  the  times  of  Ptolemy 
and  H.pparchus  On  which  Scall-er  observed  that  the  writin-s  of  Co- 
pcrnicus  deserved  a  sponge,  or  their  author  a  rod 

Instead  of  this  and  the  seven  following;  lines,  the  editions  of  1664  read; 

About  the  sun's  and  earth's  approach, 

And  swore  that  he,  that  dar'd  to  broach 

Such  paltry  fopperies  al)road, 

Deserv'd  to  have  his  rump  well  claw'd. 

'John  Bodin,  an  eminent  geographer  and  la>vycr,  bora  at  Angers,  died 

at  L,ion,  1 096   aged  67.     He  agrt-ed  with  Copernicus,  and  other  famous 

astronomers,  that  tl^e.rele  of  the  earth  had  apprl.ached  nearer  to  thesunTC, 

Idi    .'.'r!"^'"   .^^""^  »teraately  superstitious  and  sceptical;  andl" 

5  rn!^\  "'J'X"'"°  """■'■  '*""  ,"'  f^  "f  "'""''' '»  ''"'  editions  of  1664. 

'Cardan,  a  physician  and  astr,il,)g,,T,  born  at  Pavia,  1.501.  He  held  that 
particular  stars  influenced  particular  count.ies,  and  that  the  fate  of  The 
ereatest  king<loms  in  l-.urope  was  determined  by  the  tail  of  Ursa  Maior 

ICu  \IT''V  "  m'T""'  ^'f-'  ""<^  fo^ctold-his  death,  it  is  said  Ir-' 
rectlj  He  then  foretold  the  time  of  his  own  death,  and  when  tlie  day  drew 
near,  finding  himse  t  in  perfect  health,  he  starved  hims-lf  to  death,  ratheT 
ban  disgrace  his  science.  Scaligcr  said  that  in  certain  thing,  he  appeared 
of '^iX.hM  """'  ""''«'-j;'«"'';"?-.''n'l  in  a  great  many  others  inferior  to  ?hat 
of  ImUcbUdren.     See  liayle's  Diet.     Tonnemann's  History  of  Philosophy, 


250  HTJDIERAS.  [part    11. 

"WTiicli  others  saj  must  needs  be  false, 

Because  your  true  bears  have  no  tails.'  9J0 

Some  say,  the  zodiac  constellations^ 

Have  long  since  chang'd  their  antique  stations  ' 

Above  a  sign,  and  prove  the  same 

In  Taurus  now,  once  in  the  Earn  ; 

Affirm' d  the  Trigons  chopp'd  and  chang'd,  905 

The  wat'ry  with  the  fiery  raug'd  ;  * 

Then  how  can  their  effects  still  hold 

To  be  the  same  they  were  of  old  ? 

This,  though  the  art  were  true,  would  make 

Our  modem  soothsayers  mistake,^  910 

And  is  one  cause  they  tell  more  lies, 

In  figures  and  nativities, 

Than  th'  old  Chaldean  conjurers, 

In  so  many  hundred  thousand  years  ;  " 

Beside  their  nonsense  in  translating,  915 

For  want  of  accidence  and  Latin ; 


'  This  was  a  vulgar  error,  originating  in  the  shortness  of  the  bear's  tail. 
'  In  the  editions  of  1664,  this  and  the  following  lines  stand  thus : 

Some  say  the  stars  i'  th'  zodiac 
Are  more  than  a  whole  sign  gone  back 
Since  Ptolemy ;  and  prove  the  same 
In  Taurus  now,  then  in  the  Kam. 

The  alteration  was  made  in  the  edition  of  1674. 

'  The  Knight,  still  further  to  lessen  the  credit  of  astrology,  observes  that 
the  stars  have  suffered  a  considerable  variation  of  their  longitude,  by  the 
precession  of  the  equinoxes  ;  for  instance,  the  first  star  of  Aries,  which  in 
the  time  of  Meton  the  Athenian  was  found  in  the  very  intersection  of  the 
ecliptic  and  equator,  is  now  removed  eastward  more  than  thirty  degrees,  so 
that  the  sign  Aries  possesses  the  place  of  Taurus,  Taurus  that  of  Gemini, 
and  so  on. 

*  The  twelve  signs  are  in  astrology  divided  into  four  trigons,  each  named 
after  one  of  the  four  elements :  accordingly  there  are  three  fiery,  three  airy, 
three  watery,  and  three  earthly. 

Fiery — Aries,  Leo,  Sagittarius. 
Earthly— Taurus,  Virgo,  Capricornus. 
Airy — Gemini,  Libra,  Aquarius. 
Watery — Cancer,  Scorpio,  Pisces. 

'  See  Dr  Bentley's  Boyle  Lectures.     Sermon  iii. 
^  '  The  Chaldeans,  as  Cicero  remarks,  pretended  to  have  been  in  pocieS' 
lian  of  Mtrological  knowledge  for  the  space  of  47,000  years. 


CANTO    Ur.J  HUDIBKAd.  261 

Like  IJiis  aud  Cahndte  Englisht 

The  Quurtor-Ja_v8,  by  skili'ul  liuguist.l 

Aud  vet  with  cautiDs,  slight,  and  cheat, 

'Twill  serve  tlioir  turu  to  do  the  I'eat ;  920 

Make  fools  believe  in  their  foreseeing 

Of  things  before  they  are  in  beinu- ; 

To  swallow  gudgeons  ere  they're  catch'd, 

And  count  their  chickens  ere  they're  hatch'd;^ 

Make  them  the  constellations  prompt,  926 

Aud  give  'em  back  their  own  accouipt ; 

But  still  the  best  to  him  that  gives 

The  best  price  for't,  or  best  believes. 

Some  towns  and  cities,  some  for  brevity, 

Have  cast  the  'versal  world's  nativity,    '  930 

And  made  the  infant  stars  confess. 

Like  fools  or  children,  what  they  please. 

Some  calculate  the  hidden  lates 

Of  monkeys,  puppy-dogs,  and  cats  ; 

Some  running  nags,  and  fighting-cocks,  936 

Some  love,  trade,  law-suits,  and  the  pox : 

Some  take  a  measure  of  the  lives 

Of  fathers,  mothers,  husbands,  wives; 

Make  opposition,  triue,  and  quartile. 

Tell  who  is  barren,  and  who  fertile ;  94C 

As  if  the  planet's  first  aspect 

The  tender  infant  did  infect ' 

'  Mr  Smith,  of  Harleston,  says  this  is  probaWv  a  banter  upon  Sir  Richard 
ranshawe  s  translation  of  Horace,  Epod.  ii.  69,'  70. 
Omnem  rclc^it  idihus  pecuniam, 

QuiDrit  calcndis  poncre. 
At  Micliaelinas  calls  all  his  monies  in, 
And  at  our  Lady  puts  them  out  again. 
The  1.5th  of  March,  May,  July,  and  Oct-liir,  and    the  1.3th  of  all  other 
months,  were  the  Ide-s.     The  1st  of  every  month  was  the  Calends 

=  Handbook  of  Proverbs,  pp.  81,  &c.  See  also  L'Estranee's  Fables 
Part  11.  fab.  20.5,  and  Spectator,  No.  5:io. 

"  The  accent  is  laid  upon  the  last  svUable  of  aspect.  Astrologers  reckon 
fire  aspects  of  the  planets  ;  conjunction,  sextilc,  quartilc,  trine,  and  opposi- 
tion.  Sextile  denotes  their  being  distant  from  each  other  a  sixth  part  of  a 
circle,  or  two  signs;  quartilc,  a  fuurlh  part,  or  three  signs;  trine  a  third 
part,  or  four  signs ;  opposition,  half  the  circle,  or  directly  opposite  It 
was  the  opinion  of  judicial  astrologers,  that  whatever  good  disposition  the 
infant  might  otherwise  have  been  endued  with,  yet  if  its  birth  was  by  any 


252  HUDIBEAS.  [part    II. 

In  soul  and  body,  and  instil 

All  future  good  and  future  ill ; 

Which  in  their  dark  fatal'ties  lurking,  946 

At  destin'd  periods  fall  a  working, 

And  break  out,  like  the  hidden  seeds 

Of  long  diseases,  into  deeds, 

In  friendships,  enmities,  and  strife, 

And  all  th'  emergencies  of  life  :  960 

No  sooner  does  he  peep  into 

The  world,  but  he  has  done  his  do, 

Catch'd  aU  diseases,  took  all  physick, 

That  cures  or  kills  a  man  that  is  sick ; 

Marry'd  his  punctual  dose  of  wives,'  955 

Is  cuckolded,  and  breaks,  or  thrives. 

There's  but  the  twinkling  of  a  star 

Between  a  man  of  peace  and  war ; 

A  thief  and  justice,  fool  and  knave, 

A  huffing  off'cer  and  a  slave ;  960 

A  crafty  lawyer  and  pick-pocket, 

A  great  philosopher  and  a  blockhead ; 

A  formal  preacher  and  a  player, 

A  learn' d  physician  and  man-slayer  : 

As  if  men  from  the  stars  did  suck  865 

Old  age,  diseases,  and  ill  luck. 

Wit,  folly,  honour,  virtue,  vice. 

Trade,  travel,  women,  claps,  and  dice  ; 

And  draw,  with  the  first  air  they  breathe, 

Battle,  and  murder,  sudden  death.'  970 

Are  not  these  fine  commodities 

To  be  imported  from  the  skies, 

accident,  so  accelerated  or  retarded,  that  it  fell  in  with  the  predominance  of 
a  malignant  constellation,  this  momentary  iniluence  would  entirely  change  its 
nature,  and  bias  it  to  all  contrary  ill  qualities.  See  a  fine  banter  on  this 
foolish  notion,  in  Hotspur's  reply  to  Glendower's  astrology,  in  Henry  the 
Fourth,  Part  I.  Act  iii. 

'  "  Punctual  dose  "  is  the  precise  number  of  wives  to  which  he  was  pre- 
destined by  the  planetary  influence  predominant  at  his  birth.  An  old  pro- 
verb says,  the  first  confers  matrimony,  the  second  company,  the  third 
heresy. 

-  This  is  one  of  the  petitions  in  the  litany,  which  the  dissenters  object- 
ed to ;  especially  the  words  sudden  death.  See  Bennet's  London  C'asea 
•bridged,  ch.  iv.  p.  100. 


CANTO    III.]  HUDIBRAS.  253 

And  vended  here  among  the  rabble, 

For  staple  goods,  and  warrantable  ? 

Like  money  by  the  Druids  borrow'd,  975 

In  th'  other  world  to  be  restored.' 

Quoth  tSidrophel,  To  let  you  know 
Ton  wrong  the  art  and  artists  too  : 
Sinee  argiinients  are  lost  on  those 
That  do  our  principles  oppose,  980 

I  will,  altho'  I've  don't  before, 
Demonstrate  to  your  sense  once  more, 
And  draw  a  figure  that  shall  tell  you 
"What  von,  perhaps,  forget  befell  you  ; 
Bv  wav  of  horary  inspection,''  985 

Which  some  account  our  worst  erection. 

"With  that,  he  circles  draws,  and  squares, 
With  cyphers,  astral  characters, 
Then  looks  'em  o'er  to  understand  'em, 
Altho'  set  do«Ti  hab-nab  at  random.'  890 

Quoth  he.  This  scheme  of  th'  heavens  set, 
Discovers  how  in  fight  you  met, 
At  Kingston,  with  a  may-pole  idol,* 
And  that  y'  were  bang'd  both  back  and  side  well ; 

'  ITiat  is,  astrolofjers,  by  endeavourin;j  to  persuade  men  that  the  starsi 
have  dealt  out  to  them  their  future  fortunes,  are  guilty  of  a  similar  fraud 
with  the  Druids,  who  borrowed  money  on  a  prcmi.se  of  repaying  it  after 
death.  This  praetiee  among  the  Druids  was  founded  on  their  doctrine  of 
the  immortality  of  the  soul.  Purchas  sneaks  of  some  who  barter  with  the 
people  upon  hills  of  exchange  to  be  paid  a  hundred  for  one,  in  heaven. 

»  The  horoscope  is  the  point  of  the  heavens  which  n.se8  above  the  eastern 
horizon,  at  any  particular  moment. 

'  Xares  says,  habbo  or  nabbe  ;  have  or  have  not,  hit  or  miss,  at  a  venture  : 
quasi,  have  or  n'ave,  i.  c.  have  not ;  as  nill  for  will  not.  "  The  citizens  in 
nieir  rage  imagining  that  every  post  in  the  churche  had  bin  one  of  their 
souldvers,  shot  Ao46«  or  nabbe,  at  random."  Holinshed,  Hist,  of  Ireland. 
F.  2,'col.  2. 

*  Butler  here  alludes  to  the  spurious  second  part  of  Hudibras,  published 
1663.  The  first  annotator  infc^rms  us  that  "  there  w.is  a  notorious  idiot, 
here  described  by  the  name  of  Whacum,  who  had  counterfeited  a  second 
part  of  Hudibras,  as  sntowardly  as  Captain  Po,  who  could  not  write  himself, 
and  yet  made  shift  to  stand  in  the  Pillory  for  forging  other  men's  hands, 
as  this  fellow  \\'liarum  no  doubt  deserved.  In  this  spurious  production,  tho 
rencounters  of  Hudibras  at  Brentford,  the  transactions  of  a  mountebank 
whom  he  met  with,  and  probably  these  adventures  of  the  may-pole  ai 
Kingston,  are  described  at  Un<^.    By  drawing  on  that  spurious  pub* 


254  HTIDIBRiS.  [PAET   H. 

And  tho'  you  overcame  the  bear,  996 

The  dogs  beat  you  at  Brentford  fair ; 
Wbere  sturdy  butchers  broke  your  noddle, 
And  handled  you  like  a  fop-doodle.' 

Quoth  Hudibras,  I  now  perceive 
Tou  are  no  conj'rer,  by  your  leave  ;  looo 

That  paltry  story  is  untrue, 
And  forg'd  to  cheat  such  gulls  as  you. 

Not  true  ?  quoth  he  ;  howe'er  you  vapour, 
I  can  what  I  aifirm  make  ajjpear ; 
Whachum  shall  justify 't  to  your  face,  1005 

And  prove  he  was  upon  the  place : 
He  play'd  the  saltinbancho's  part,^ 
Transform'd  t'  a  Frenchman  by  my  art ; 
He  stole  your  cloak,  and  pick'd  your  pocket, 
Chous'd  and  caldes'd  you  like  a  blockhead,'  loio 

And  what  you  lost  I  can  produce, 
If  you  deny  it,  here  i'the  house. 

Quoth  Hudibras,  I  do  believe 
That  argument's  demonstrative ; 
Ealpho,  bear  witness,  and  go  fetch  us  lou 

A  constable  to  seize  the  wretches  : 
For  tho'  they're  both  false  knaves  and  cheats, 
Impostors,  jugglers,  counterfeits, 
I'll  make  them  serve  for  perpendic'lars, 
As  true  as  e'er  were  us'd  by  bricklayers :  *  1020 

They're  guilty,  by  their  own  confessions, 
Of  felony,  and  at  the  sessions, 
Upon  the  bench  I  will  so  handle  'em, 
That  the  vibration  of  this  pendulum 

lication  for  incidents  in  our  hero's  life,  the  astrologer  betrays  his  ignorance 
of  the  facts,  and  Butler  ingeniously  contrives  to  publish  the  cheat. 

'  That  is,  a  silly,  vain,  empty-pated  fellow. 

^  Saltimbanque  is  a  French  word,  signifying  a  quack  or  mountebank. 
Perhaps  it  was  originally  Italian. 

_'  Caldes'd  is  a  word  of  the  poet's  own  coining,  and  signifies,  in  the 
opinion  of  Warburton,  "  putting  the  fortune-teller  upon  you,"  as  the  Chal- 
deans were  great  fortune-tellers.  Others  suppose  it  may  be  derived  from 
the  Caldees,  or  Culdees.  In  Butler's  Remains,  vol.  i.  24,  it  seems  to 
mean  hoodwinked  or  blinded. 

Ashaui'd  that  men  so  grave  and  wise 
Shnuld  be  chaldes'd  by  gnats  and  flies. 

*  i.  e.  perfectlv  /ii'e  or  upright,  like  a  "jrickLiyer's  plumb-line. 


CAIfTO   III.]  HUDIBRA8.  255 

Shall  make  all  tailors  yards  of  one  102; 

1  uaniiiious  opiuion  : ' 

A  thing  he  long  has  vapoiir'd  of, 

But  uow  shall  make  it  out  bv  proof. 

Quoth  Sidrophel,  I  do  not' doubt 
To  find  friends  tliat  will  bear  me  out :»  1030 

Nor  have  ]  hazarded  my  art, 
And  neck,  so  long  on  tlie  State's  part, 
To  be  expos'd  i'  th'  end  to  sutler 
By  such  a  braggadocio  huHer.s 

Huft'er!  quoth  Hudiliras,  this  sword  1036 

Shall  down  thy  false  throat  cram  tliat  word. 
Ealpho,  make  haste,  and  call  an  officer, 
To  apprehend  this  Stygian  sophister;* 
Meanwhile  I'll  hold  'em  at  a  bay, 
Lest  he  and  ^Vhachum  run  away.  IO40 

'  The  device  of  the  vibration  of  a  pendulum  was  intended  to  settle  a 
certain  measure  of  oils,  yards,  &c.,  all  the  world  over,  which  should  have 

.nd  ealculatinp:,  by  the  motion  of  the  sun  or  any  star,  how  lon^  the  vibrf- 
tion  would  last,  in  proportion  to  the  lencfth  of  the  string  and  wtidit  of  the 
l^ndulum  they  thought  to  reduce  it  back  again,  and  frSm  any  pa"  of  time 
connmte  the  exact  length  of  any  string,  that  must  necessariv  vibrate  for 
such  a  period  of  time.  So  that  ,'f  a  n,an  should  ask  in  China  or  a  quar  er 
of  an  hour  of  satin  or  taffeta,  they  would  know  perfectly  well  what  he  meant- 
and  the  measure  of  things  would  be  reckoned  no  more  by  the  yard  foot  or 
rnch,  but  by  the  hour,  quarter,  and  minute.  See  Butler's' Keiiains'bv 
Thyer,  vol.  i.  p.  30,  for  the  follo«-ing  iUustration  of  this  notion:  ^ 

By  which  he  had  composed  a  pedlar's  jargon, 
For  all  the  world  to  Icarn  and  use  to  bar»ain 
An  universal  canting  idiom  "      ' 

To  understand  the  swinging  pendulum, 
And  to  communicate  in  all  designs 
With  th'  Eastern  virtuoso  mandarines. 

Elephant  in  the  Moon. 

The  modems  perhaps  will  not  be  more  successful  in  their  endeavours  to 
establish  a  universal  standard  of  weights  and  measures. 

'  William  Lilly  wrote  and  prophesied  for  the  Parliament,  till  he  per- 
ceived their  inlUunce  decline.  He  then  changed  sides,  but  having  de- 
clared himself  rather  too  soon,  he  was  taken  into  custody ;  and  escaped  only 
as  he  tells  us  himself,  by  the  interference  of  friends,  and  by  cancelling  the 
offensive  leaf  in  his  almanack.  ° 

'  Uuff  means  to  bully  or  brow-beat, 

*  i.  c.  hellish  suphister. 


256  HTJDIBBAS.  [PAET    II. 

But  Sidropbel,  who  from  the  aspect 
Of  Hudibras,  did  now  erect 
A  figure  worse  portending  far, 
Than  that  of  most   malignant  star ; 
Believ'd  it  now  the  fittest  moment  104S 

To  shun  the  danger  that  might  come  on't, 
While  Hudibras  was  all  alone, 
And  he  and  Whaehum,  two  to  one : 
This  being  resolv'd,  he  spy'd  by  chance, 
Behind  the  door  an  iron  lance,'  106C 

That  many  a  sturdy  limb  had  gor'd, 
And  legs,  and  loins,  and  shoulders  bor'd  ; 
He  snatch'd  it  up,  and  made  a  pass, 
To  make  his  way  thro'  Hudibras. 
Whaehum  had  got  a  fire-fork,*  1056 

With  which  he  vow'd  to  do  his  work  ; 
But  Hudibras  was  well  prepar'd. 
And  stoutly  stood  upon  his  guard : 
He  put  by  Sidrophello's  thrust. 

And  in  right  manfully  he  rusht,  1060 

The  weapon  from  his  gripe  he  wrung, 
And  laid  him  on  the  earth  along. 
Wliachum  his  sea-coal  prong  threw  by, 
And  basely  turn'd  his  back  to  fly  ; 
But  Hudibras  gave  him  a  twitch  1065 

As  quick  as  lightning  in  the  breech. 
Just  in  the  place  where  honour's  lodg'd,^ 
As  wise  philosophers  have  judg'd  ; 
Because  a  kick  in  that  part  more 
Hurts  honour,  than  deep  wounds  before.  1070 

Quoth  Hudibras,  The  stars  determine 
Ton  are  my  prisoners,  base  vermin. 
Could  they  not  tell  you  so,  as  well 
As  what  I  came  to  know,  foretell  ? 

>  A  spit  for  roasting  meat.  .-     „  ui 

2  Spelt  "  fiijr-fork  "  in  the  old  editions,  so  as  to  make  fire  a  dissyllable. 
'  Butler,  in  his  speech  at  the  Rota,  says  (Genuine  Remains,  ^ol.  i.  p. 
323)  •  "  Some  are  of  opinion  that  honour  is  seated  in  the  rump  only,  chiefly 
at  least :  for  it  is  observed,  that  a  small  kick  on  that  part  does  more  hurt 
and  wound  honour  than  a  cut  on  the  head  or  face,  or  a  stab,  or  a  shot  of  i 
pistol,  on  any  other  part  of  the  body." 


OAXTO  HI.]  HrDiiiUAS.  257 

\iy  this,  what  cheats  you  are,  we  find,  1075 

That  in  your  own  concerns  are  bliud.' 

Your  lives  are  now  at  my  dispose, 

To  be  redeem'd  by  fine  or  blows : 

But  who  his  honour  would  defile, 

To  take,  or  sell,  two  lives  so  vile  ?  li)80 

I'll  give  you  quarter  ;  but  your  pillagie. 

The  conqu'rinti;  warrior's  crop  and  tillasje, 

Which  mth  his  sword  he  reaps  and  plows, 

That's  mine,  the  law  ot"  arms  allows. 

This  said  in  haste,  in  liaste  he  tell  1085 

To  rumraan;ing  of  Sidrophel. 
First,  he  expounded  both  his  pockets, 
And  found  a  watch  with  rings  and  lockets, 
AVhich  had  been  left  with  him  t'erect 
A  figure  for,  and  so  detect.  1090 

A  copper-plate  with  a.manacks 
Engrav'd  upon't,  with  other  knacks' 
Of  Booker's.  LilVs,  Sarah  Jimmers',' 
And  blank  schemes  to  discover  nimmers;* 
A  moon-dial,  with  Napier's  bones,'  loDS 

And  sev'ral  constellation  stones, 

_  '  "Astrolopers,"  says  Ajrippa,  "wliile  thcv  gaze  on  tlie  stars  for  direc- 
tion, fall  into  ditches,  wells,  and  gaols,"  that  'is,  while  they  foretell  what  is 
to  happen  to  others,  cannot  tell  what  will  happen  to  themselves.  The  crafty 
Tihcrius,  not  content  with  a  promise  of  empire,  examined  the  astrologer 
concerning  his  own  horoscope,  intending  to  drown  him  on  the  least  ap- 
pearance of  falsehood.  But  Thrasyllus  was  too  cunning  for  him,  and  im- 
mediately answered  "  that  he  perceived  himself  at  that  instant  to  be  in 
imminent  danger ; "  and  added,  "  that  he  was  destined  to  die  just  ten  years 
before  the  emperor  himself."     Tacit.  Ann.  n.  21 ;  Dio.  Iviii.  27. 

»  That  is,  marks  or  signs  belonging  to  the  astrologer's  art.  Knack  also 
signifies  a  bauble. 

'  Three  .astrologers.  John  Booker  was  bom  at  Jfanchcster  in  1601,  and 
after  being  apprenticed  to  a  haberdasher,  became  clerk  first  to  a  justice  of 
the  peace  and  afterwards  to  a  London  alderman.  He  is  said  to  have  had 
great  skill  in  judging  of  thefts.  Lilly  has  frequently  been  mentioned. 
Surah  Jimmers,  called  by  Lilly,  .Sarah  .Skilhorn,  was  a  great  speculatrix,  or 
medium,  as  she  would  now  be'  calle<i.  She  wa.s  celebrated  for  the  power  of 
her  eyes  in  looking  into  a  speculum,  and  Lilly  tells  a  strange  story  of 
angels  showing  her  a  red  waistcoat  being  taken  out  of  a  trunk  at  12  miles 
distance  and  the  day  before  the  act. 

♦  From  the  .\nglo-Saxon  niman,  meaning  thieves  or  pilferers. 

'  Lord  Napier  of  ilerchiston,  the  inventor  of  Logarithms,  aUo  invented 


258  BTTDIBRAS.  [PAUT   II. 

Engrav'd  in  planetary  hours, 

That  over  mortals  had  strauf^e  powers 

To  make  them  thrive  in  law  or  trade, 

And  stab  or  poison  to  evade  ;  1100 

In  wit  or  wisdom  to  improve, 

And  be  victorious  in  love. 

"Whachum  had  neither  cross  nor  pile,' 

His  plunder  was  not  worth  the  while ; 

All  which  the  conqu'ror  did  discompt,  1105 

To  pay  for  curing  of  his  rump. 

But  Sidrophel,  as  fuU  of  tricks 
As  Bota-meu  of  politics,^ 
Straight  cast  about  to  over-reach 
Th'  unwary  conqu'ror  with  a  fetch,  lliO 

And  make  him  glad  at  least  to  quit 
His  victory,  and  ily  the  pit, 
Before  the  secular  prince  of  darkness  ' 
Arriv'd  to  seize  upon  his  carcass  : 
And,  as  a  fox  with  hot  pursuit,""  1116 

Chas'd  through  a  warren,  cast  about 
To  save  his  credit,  and  among 
Dead  vermin  on  a  gallows  hung. 

B  contrivance  for  performing  multiplication.  Tlie  numbers  were  marked  oc 
little  square  rods,  which,  being  made  of  ivory,  were  called  Napier's  bones. 
His  lordship  was  one  of  the  early  members  of  the  Royal  Society,  which 
the  poet  takes  frequent  occasions  to  banter. 

1  Money  frequently  bore  a  cross  on  one  side,  and  the  head  of  a  spear  or 
arrow  (pihim)  on  tlie  other.  Cross  and  pile  were  our  heads  and  tails. 
Thus  Swift  says,  "  Tliis  I  humbly  conceive  to  be  perfect  boy's  play  ;  cross, 
I  win,  and  pile,  vou  lose."  ,  .  ,   • 

'  Harrington,  having  devised  the  scheme  of  popular  government  which  is 
described  in  his  Oceaua,  endeavoured  to  promote  it  by  a  club,  of  which 
Henry  Nevil,  Charles  "Wolseley,  John  "Wildman,  and  Doctor  (afterwards 
Sir  William)  Petty,  were  members,  which  met  in  New  Palace-yard,  "West- 
minster. This  club  was  called  the  Rota,  in  consequence  of  a  proposal  that, 
in  the  projected  House  of  Commons,  a  third  part  of  the  members  should 
"rote  out'by  ballot  every  year,"  and  be  ineligible  for  three  years. 

3  The  constable  who  keeps  the  peace  at  night. 

•  Olaus  Magnus  has  related  many  such  stories  of  the  fox's  cunning :  his 
imitatino-  the  barking  of  a  dog  ;  feigning  himself  dead  ;  ridding  himselt  of 
fleas,  byVin"  gradually  into  the  water  with  a  lock  of  wool  m  his  mouth, 
and  when  the°flcas  are  driven  into  it,  leaving  the  wool  in  the  water;  catch- 
ing crab-fish  with  his  tail,  all  of  which  the  author  avers  to  be  truth  on  bu 
owQ  knowledge.     01.  Mag.  Hist.  i.  18. 


CANTO    III.]  ITTTinBEAS.  259 

And  while  the  doors  ran  underneath, 

Escap'd,  by  counterfeiting  death,  1120 

Not  out  of  cuuninn;,  but  a  train 

Of  atoms  justling  in  his  brain,' 

As  learn'd  pliilosophers  give  out ; 

So  Sidrophello  cast  about, 

And  fell  to  's  wonted  trade  again,  1125 

To  feign  himself  in  earnest  slain  :'» 

First  stretch'd  out  one  leg,  then  another, 

And,  seeming  in  his  breast  to  smother 

A  broken  sigh,  quoth  he,  AVhere  am  I  ? 

Alive,  or  dead  ?  or  which  way  came  I  1130 

Thro'  so  immense  a  space  so  soon  ? 

But  now  I  thought  myself  i'  th'  moon ; 

And  that  a  monster  with  huge  whisker's 

ilore  formidable  than  a  Switzer's, 

My  body  thro'  and  thro'  had  drill'd,  1135 

And  AVhachum  by  my  side  had  kill'd, 

Had  cross-examin'd  both  our  hose,' 

And  plunder'd  all  we  had  to  lose  ;' 

Look.^  there  he  is.  I  see  him  now. 

And  feel  the  place  I  am  ran  thro' :  11^0 

And  there  lies  Whachum  bv  my  side, 

Stone  dead  and  in  his  own  blood  dy'd' 

Oh  !  oh  !  With  that  he  fetch'd  a  groan, 

And  fell  again  into  a  swoon ; 

Shut  both  his  eyes,  and  stopt  his  breath,  1145 

And  to  the  life  out-acted  death, 

That  Hudibras.  to  all  appearing, 

Believ'd  him  to  be  dead  as  herrm-'  * 

>  The  ancient  atomic  philosophers.  Democritus,  Epicurus,  &<:.,  held  that 
nse  m  brutes,  and  eo-.tation  and  volition  in  men,  were  produced  by  the 
mp^ress.on  of  corporeal  atoms  on  the  brain.  But  the  autho'r  perhaps  meant 
o  nd  cule  .Sir  Kenelm  Djgby.  ,vho  relates  this  story  of  the  fox,  and  main- 
Z'o'iiio:l7:Zr  """"«''  "^  cunr^ingm  it,Wt  merely  a  particular 
Pa'rt^r  \et*  t"""  °^  ^<^*»^s  counterfeited  death,  Shakspcare,  Henry  IV., 
'  Trunk-hose  with  pockets  to  them. 

•  Shakspcare  refers^  to  this  proverb  in  Merry  Wives,  II.  3.     See  al»e 
Bomi'sHandbookof  Proverbs,  p.  187. 

■  a 


»cnse 


260  HTJDIBEAS.  LpART    TI. 

He  lield  it  now  no  longer  safe, 

To  tarry  the  return  of  Ralph,  1150 

But  rather  leave  him  in  the  lurch : ' 

Thought  he,  he  has  ahus'd  our  church,* 

Eefused  to  give  himself  one  firk, 

To  carry  on  the  Puhlic  work ; 

Despia'd  our  Synod-men  like  dirt,  1155 

And  made  their  Discipline  his  sport  j 

Divulg'd  the  secrets  of  their  Classes, 

And  their  Conventions  prov'd  high  places  ;' 

Disparag'd  then-  tithe-pigs,  as  pagan, 

And  set  at  nought  their  cheese  and  bacon ;  1160 

EaU'd  at  their  Covenant,''  and  jeer'd 

Their  rev'rend  parsons,  to  my  beard ; 

Eor  all  which  scandals,  to  be  quit 

At  once,  this  jimcture  falls  out  fit. 

I'll  make  him  henceforth  to  beware,  HM 

And  tempt  my  fury,  if  he  dare  : 

He  must,  at  least,  hold  up  his  hand,* 

By  twelve  freeholders  to  be  scauu'd  ; 

"Who  by  their  skUl  in  palmistry,^ 

Will  quickly  read  his  destiny,  1170 

And  make  him  glad  to  read  his  lesson, 

Or  take  a  tiu-n  for't  at  the  session :' 

Unless  his  Light  and  Gifts  prove  truer 

Than  ever  yet  they  did,  I'm  sure  ; 

Por  if  he  'scape  with  whipping  now,  1175 

'Tis  more  than  he  can  hope  to  do : 

1  The  different  sects  of  dissenters  left  each  other  in  the  hirch  «-heLever 
an  opportunity  offered  of  promoting  their  own  separate  interest.  In  this 
instance  they  made  a  separate  peace  with  the  King,  as  soon  as  they  tound 
that  the  Independents  were  playing  their  own  game. 

a  This  and  the  following  lines  show  that  Hudibras  represents  the  I  res- 
byterians,  and  Ralpho   the   Independents,  aU  the  principal   words  being 

""^s  That  is,  corruptions  in  discipline.  "  When  the  devil  tempted  Christ 
he  set  him  upon  the  highest  pinnacle  of  the  temple.  Great  preferments  are 
great  temptations."     Butler's  Remains. 

4  The  Independents  called  the  Covenant  an  almanack  out  of  date. 

6  Culprits,  when  they  are  tried,  hold  up  their  hands  at  the  bar. 

6  Cheiromancy,  or  te'Uing  fortunes  by  inspection  of  lines  in  the  palm  of 
the  hand. 

'  That  is,  claim  the  benefit  of  clergy,  or  be  hanged 


CANTO   III.] 


HrDIBHAS. 


And  that  vrill  disengage  my  conscience 
Of  til'  obligation,  in  liis  own  sense: 
I'll  make  him  now  by  force  abide, 
A^'hat  he  by  gentle  means  deny'd, 
To  ^ive  my  honour  satisfaction, 
And  right  the  brethren  in  the  action. 
This  being  resolv'd,  with  equal  speed 
And  conduct,  he  approach'd  his  steed. 
And  with  activity  unwont, 
Essay'd  the  lofty-  beast  to  mount ; 
Which  once  atc'hiev'd,  he  spurr'd  his  palfry, 
To  get  from  th'  enemy  and  Ealph  free ; 
Left  dangers,  fears,  and  foes  behind. 
And  beat,  at  least  three  lengths,  the  wind. 


2C1 


1180 


1165 


1190 


AN  HEROICAL  EPISTLE 


HUDIBRAS  TO  SIDROPHEL.' 


Ecce  iterum  Crispinus. 

SELL,  Sidropliel,  tho'  'tis  in  vain 
To  tamper  with  your  crazy  brain, 
Witbout  trepanning  of  your  skull,* 
As  often  as  the  moon's  at  full, 
'Tis  not  amiss,  ere  ye're  giv'n  o'er,         6 
To  try  one  desp'rate  med'cine  more; 

For  where  your  case  can  be  no  worse, 

The  desp'rat'st  is  the  wisest  coiu-se. 

'  This  Epistle  ivas  not  published  till  many  years  after  the  preceding 
canto,  and  does  not  refer  to  the  character  there  described.  Sidrophel  in 
the  poem  is,  most  probably,  "V^'illiam  Lilly,  the  astrologer  and  almanack - 
maker.  But  the  Sidrophel'  of  this  Epistle  is  said  to  have  been  Sir  Paul 
N  ilc,  a  conceited  virtuoso,  and  member  of  the  Royal  Society.  See  note  on 
line  86,  post.  The  name  Sidrophel  had  become  proverbial  for  ignorance 
and  imposture,  when  the  Epistle  was  written. 

2  A  surgical  operation  to  remove  part  of  the  skull  when  it  presses  upon 
the  brain  It  was  said  to  restore  the  understanding,  and  in  that  sense  pro- 
posed as  a  remedy  for  the  disorder  with  which  Dean  Swift  was  aiHicted. 


nrDiBBAS.  263 

Ts't  possible  that  yovi,  whose  eara 

Are  of  the  tribe  of  Issaohar's,'  10 

And  mifrht  with  equal  reason,  either 

For  merit,  or  extent  of  leather, 

"With  'William  Prvn's,''  before  they  were 

Eetrench'il,  and  crucify'd,  compare, 

Shou'd  yet  be  deaf  aijainst  a  noise  16 

So  roaring  as  the  public  voiee  ? 

That  speaks  your  virtues  free  and  loud. 

And  openly  in  ev'ry  crowd. 

As  loud  as  one  that  sini;s  his  part 

T'  a  wheel-barrow,  or  turnip-cart,  20 

Or  your  new  nick-nam'd  old  invention 

To  cry  green-hastings  with  an  engine;' 

As  if  the  vehemence  had  stunu'd. 

And  torn  your  drum-heads  with  the  soiiud  ;* 

And  'cause  your  folly's  now  no  news,  26 

But  overgrown,  and  out  of  use. 

Persuade  yourself  there's  no  such  matter,* 

But  that  'tis  vanish'd  out  of  nature  ; 

AVhen  folly,  as  it  grows  in  years, 

The  more  extravagant  appears  ;  30 

For  who  but  you  could  be  possest 

With  so  much  ignorani*  and  beast. 

That  neitiier  all  men's  scorn  and  hate, 

Nor  being  laugli'd  and  pointed  at, 

Nor  bray'd  so  often  in  a  mortar,*  35 

Can  teach  you  wholesome  sense  and  nurture, 

'  (ipni'sis  \lix.  14 :  " Issachar  is  a  strong  ass,  couching  down  lictwcon 
two  tmrdrns." 

»  See  I'.irt  lU.  Canto  11.  841,  and  note. 

'  In  former  times,  and  indeed  until  the  beginning  of  the  present  century, 
the  earliest  peas  brought  to  the  London  market  came  fnim  II;istin!fs,  whore 
they  were  grnwii,  it  may  be  said  forced,  in  exhausted  lime-pits.  These  used 
to  he  cried  about  the  streets  by  hawkers  \vitli  stentorian  voice,  "  Green- 
ha.*tings  ()."  In  Butler's  time  these  hawkers  may  have  helped  their  lungs 
with  a  speakini^  PM'^.  i"  whir-h  case  this  passage  would  point  at  Sir  Samuel 
HorUnd's  speaking-trumpet,  then  recently  invented. 

*  Drum-heads,  that  is,  the  drum  of  your  cars. 

*  i.  e.  is  it  possible  that  you  should  perattade  yourself  f 

*  Tliat  is,  pounded.  "  Though  thou  shouldcst  bray  a  fool  in  a  moriai 
among  wheat  with  a  pestle,  y  ;t  will  not  his  foolishness  deport  from  him  "" 
ProT.  xivii.  22. 


264  HUDiBKAS.  [epistle  to 

But,  like  a  reprobate,  what  course 

Soever  us'd,  grow  worse  and  worse  ? 

Can  no  transfusion  of  the  blood. 

That  makes  fools  cattle,  do  you  good  ? '  40 

Nor  putting  pigs  t'  a  bitch  to  nurse, 

To  turn  them  into  mongrel  curs  ;  * 

Put  you  into  a  way,  at  least. 

To  make  you^'bt  If  a  better  beast  ? 

Can  all  your  critical  intrigues,  45 

Of  trying  sound  from  rotten  eggs;' 

Tour  sev'ral  new-found  remedies, 

Of  curing  wounds  and  scabs  in  trees  ; 

Your  art  for  fluxing  them  for  claps, 

And  purging  their  infected  saps  ;  60 

ilecovering  shankers,  crystallines, 

And  nodes  and  blotches  in  their  reins, 

Have  no  eftect  to  operate 

Upon  that  duller  block,  your  pate  ? 

But  stiU  it  must  be  lewdly  bent  66 

To  tempt  your  own  due  punishment ; 

And,  like  your  whimsy'd  chariots,*  draw 

The  boys  to  course  you  without  law;^ 

'  In  the  last  century  some  scientific  members  of  the  Royal  Society  made 
experiments  in  transfusing  the  blood  of  one  animal  into  the  veins  of  another ; 
and,  according  to  their  account,  the  operation  produced  beneficial  effects.  It 
■was  even  performed  on  human  subjects.  Dr  Mackenzie  has  described  the 
process  in  his  History  of  Health,  p.  431.  Sir  Edmund  King,  a  fiivonrite  of 
Charles  II.,  was  among  the  philosophers  of  his  time  who  made  this  famous 
experiment.  See  Phil.  Trans,  abr.  iii.  224.  The  lines  from  v.  39  to  59 
allude  to  various  projects  of  the  first  establishers  of  the  Royal  Society.  See 
Birch's  History  of  that  body,  vol.  i.  303,  vol.  ii.  48,  et  seq.  That  makes 
fools  cattle,  i.  e.  fools  for  admitting  the  blood  of  cattle  into  their  veins. 

-  A  curious  story  is  told  from  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  of  a  sow  that  was 
suckled  by  a  bitch,  and  acquired  the  sagacity  of  a  hound  or  spaniel.  See 
Butler's  Remains,  vol.  i.  p.  12. 

3  On  the  first  establishment  of  the  Royal  Society,  some  of  the  members 
engaged  in  the  investigation  of  these  and  similar  subjects.  The  Society  ■«  as 
incorporated  July  15,  1662. 

«  'The  scheme  proposed  by  the  Society,  was  probably  the  cart  to  go  with 
logs  instead  of  wheels,  mentioned  Part  III.  Canto  I.  line  1563;  or  perhaps 
the  famous  sailing  chariot  of  Stevinus,  which  was  moved  bysails,  and  car- 
lied  twenty-eight  passengers,  over  I 
miles  (nearly  fifty-four  English),  in  two  hours. 

»  That  is,  to  follow  you  close  at  the  heels. 


I 


SIDUOrUEL.]  ntJDIBHAS.  265 

As  if  the  art  you  have  so  long 

Profess'd  ot"  making  old  doga  young,'  eo 

In  you  had  virtue  to  renew 

Not  only  youth,  hut  childhood  too  ; 

Can  you,  that  understand  all  booka, 

By  judginn;  only  with  your  looks, 

Eesolve  all  problems  with  your  lace,  65 

As  others  do  with  B's  and  A's  ; 

Unriddle  all  that  mankind  knows 

"With  solid  bending  of  your  brows  ? 

All  arts  and  sciences  advance, 

"W^ith  screwing  of  your  countenance,  70 

And  with  a  penetrating  eye, 

Into  th'  abstrusest  learning  pry  ; 

Know  more  of  any  trade  b'  a  hint, 

Than  those  that  have  been  bred  up  in't, 

And  yet  have  no  art,  true  or  false,  76 

To  help  your  own  bad  naturals  ? 

But  still  the  more  you  strive  t'  appear, 

Are  found  to  be  the  wretcheder  : 

For  fools  are  known  by  looking  wise, 

As  men  find  woodcocks  by  their  eyes.  80 

Hence  'tis  because  ye've  gained  o'  th'  college  ^ 

A  quarter  share,  at  most,  of  knowledge, 

And  brought  in  none,  but  spent  repute, 

T'  assume  a  pow'r  as  absolute 

To  judge,  and  censure,  and  control,  85 

As  if  you  were  the  sole  Sir  Poll,' 


'  Spc  Butler's  Genuine  Remains,  vol.  ii.  p.  1S8.  His  want  of  jud^jmcnt 
inrlines  him  naturally  to  the  mnst  CTtravafant  undertakings,  like  that  of 
"  making  old  clogs  young ;  corking  up  of  words  in  bottles,"  &c. 

'  Though  the  Royal  Society  removed  from  Gresham  college  on  account 
of  the  tire  of  Ixindon,  it  returned  there  again  1674,  being  the  year  in  which 
this  Epistle  was  published. 

■  Xash  thinks  that  the  character  of  Sidrophel,  in  this  Epistle,  was  de- 
signed for  Sir  Paul  Ncile,  who  had  offended  >[r  Tiutlcr  by  sa\'ing  that  he 
was  not  the  author  of  Iludibras.  And  this  opinion  is  confirmed  by  Mr 
Thyer,  who,  in  Butler's  Uemains,  says  "  he  can  assure  the  reader,  upon  the 
poet's  own  authority,  that  the  character  of  Sidrophel  was  intended  for  a 
picture  of  Sir  Paul  Neile,  son  of  Richard  Neiie  (whose  fatlicr  was  a 
chandler  in  Westminster),  who,  as  Anthony  Wood  says,  went  through  all 
degrees  and  orders  in  the  church,  school-master,  curate,  vicar,  &c,  &c. 


266  HrDiBEAS.  [eptstt.k  td 

And  saucily  pretend  to  know 

More  than  your  dividend  comes  to  : 

You'll  find  the  thing  will  not  be  done 

With  ignorance  and  face  alone :  90 

No,  tho'  ye've  purchas'd  to  your  name, 

In  history,  so  great  a  fame ; 

That  now  your  talent's  so  well  known, 

For  having  all  belief  out-grown. 

That  ev'ry  strange  prodigious  tale  95 

Is  measur'd  by  your  German  scale,' 

Bf  which  the  virtuosi  try 

The  magnitude  of  ev'ry  lie. 

Cast  up  to  what  it  does  amount, 

And  place  the  bigg'st  to  your  account ;  100 

That  all  those  stories  that  are  laid 

Too  truly  to  you,  and  those  made. 

Are  now  still  charg'd  upon  your  score, 

And  lesser  authors  nam'd  no  more. 

Alas  !  that  faculty  betrays  ^  106 

Those  soonest  it  designs  to  raise ; 

And  all  your  vain  renown  will  spoil, 

As  guns  o'ercharg'd  the  more  recoil ; 

Though  he  that  has  but  impudence. 

To  all  things  has  a  fair  pretence  ;  110 

And  put  among  his  wants  but  shame. 

To  all  the  world  may  lay  his  claim  : 

Tho'  you  have  tried  that  nothing's  borne 

With  greater  ease  than  public  scorn, 

That  all  affronts  do  still  give  place  115 

To  your  impenetrable  face  ; 

That  makes  your  way  thro'  all  affiiirs, 

As  pigs  thro'  hedges  creep  with  theirs : 

Tet  as  'tis  counterfeit  and  brass, 

Tou  must  not  think  'twill  always  pass  ;  120 

and  at  last  was  archbishop  of  York."  Sir  Paul  was  one  of  tho  first  estab- 
lishers  of  the  Royal  Soeiuty,  which,  in  the  dawn  of  science,  listening  to  many 
things  that  appeared  trifling  and  incredible  to  the  generality  of  the  people, 
became  the  butt  and  sport  of  the  wits  of  the  time. 

'  All  incredible  stories  are  now  measured  by  your  standard.  One  Ger. 
man  mile  is  equal  to  five  English  miles. 

'   Var.  Destt  :>ys  in  some  early  editions. 


SIDEOPHEL.] 


nrsiBRAB. 


2C7 


For  all  impostors,  wlicu  they're  known, 

Are  past  their  lahoiir  and  undone  :' 

And  all  the  best  that  can  befall 

An  artitieial  natural, 

Is  that  which  madmen  find,  as  soon 

As  once  they're  broke  loose  from  the  moon, 

And  proof  a-rainst  her  iulluonoe, 

Eelapse  Uj  e'er  so  li.fcle  seDse, 

To  turn  stark  fools,  and  subjects  fit 

For  sport  of  boys,  and  rabble-wit. 


125 


130 


'See  Butler's  Character  of  an  Impudent  Man.  '■  He  that  is  impudent, 
IS  like  a  merchant  who  trades  upon  his  credit  without  a  stock,  and  if  his 
aebte  were  known,  would  break  immediately." 


PART  III.    CANTO  I. 


ARGUMENT. 


The  Knight  and  Squire  resolve  at  once, 
The  one  the  other  to  renounce  ; 
They  botli  approach  the  Lady's  bower, 
The  Squire  t'inform,  the  Knight  to  woo  her. 
She  treats  them  with  a  masquerade, 
By  furies  and  hobgoblins  made  ; 
From  which  the  Squire  conveys  the  Knight, 
And  steals  him,  from  himself,  by  night. 


PART  III.    CANTO  I. 

°IS  true,  no  lover  has  that  pow'r 
T'  enforce  a  desperate  amour, 
As  he  that  has  two  strings  to's  bow, 
And  bums  for  love  aud  money  too  ; 
For  then  he's  brave  and  resolute,  5 

Disdains  to  render'  in  his  suit ; 
Has  all  his  flames  and  raptures  double, 
And  hangs  or  drowns  with  half  the  trouble  ; 
AVTiile  those  who  sillily  pursue 

The  simple  downright  way,  and  true,  lo 

Make  as  unlucky  applications, 
And  steer  against  the  stream  their  passions. 
Some  forge  their  mistresses  of  stars, 
Aud  when  the  ladies  prove  averse, 
And  more  untoward  to  be  won  16 

Than  by  Caligula  the  moon,' 
Cry  out  upon  the  stars  for  doing 
111  offices,  to  cross  their  wooing, 
WTien  only  by  themselves  they're  liindred. 
For  trusting  those  they  made  her  kindred,*  20 

And  stiU  the  harsher  and  hide-bounder 
The  damsels  prove,  become  the  fonder. 
For  what  mad  lover  ever  dy'd 
To  gain  a  soft  and  gentle  bride  ? 

'  That  is,  lurrendcr,  or  give  up :  from  the  French  rendre. 

'  This  was  one  of  the  eitrnvnfjant  follies  of  Calig^ula.  Ho  aisRumcd  to 
be  a  eod  and  boasted  of  embracing  the  moon.  See  Suetonius,  Life  of  Culig- 
ula  fTtohn's  edit.  p.  266). 

'  The  meaning  is,  that  when  men  have  flattered  their  mistresses  extrava- 
gantly, and  declared  them  to  be  more  than  human,  llioy  must  not  be  sur- 
pri.sed  or  complain,  if  they  are  treated  in  return  witli  tliat  distant  reserv« 
which  superior  beings  may  rightly  exercise  towards  inferior  creatiu'es. 


270  HITDIBBAS.  [PAKT    III. 

Or  for  a  lady  tender-hearted,  25 

In  purling  streams  or  hemp  departed  ? 
Leap't  headlong  int'  Elysium, 
Thro'  th'  windows  of  a  dazzling  room  ?  ' 
But  for  some  cross  ill-natur'd  dame, 
The  am'rous  fly  burnt  in  his  flame.  30 

This  to  the  Knight  could  be  no  news, 
"With  all  mankind  so  much  in  use ; 
Who  therefore  took  the  wiser  course, 
To  make  the  most  of  his  amours, 
Eesolv'd  to  try  all  sorts  of  ways,  35 

As  follows  in  due  time  and  place. 
No  sooner  was  the  bloody  fight 
Between  the  wizard  and  the  Knight, 
With  all  th'  appurtenances,  over, 
But  he  relaps'd  again  t'  a  lover  ;  40 

As  he  was  always  wont  to  do, 
When  he'ad  discomfited  a  foe, 
And  us'd  the  only  antique  philters, 
Deriv'd  from  old  heroic  tilters.*'' 

But  now  triumphant  and  victorious,  46 

He  held  th'  atchievement  was  too  glorious 
For  such  a  conqueror  to  meddle 
With  petty  constable  or  beadle  ; 
Or  fly  for  refuge  to  the  hostess 

Of  th'  inns  of  court  and  chanc'ry.  Justice ;  60 

Who  might,  perhaps,  reduce  his  cause 
To  th'  ordeal  trial  of  the  laws  ;' 

1  Drowned  themselves.  Objects  reflected  by  water  appear  nearly  the 
same  as  when  they  are  viewed  through  the  windows  of  a  room  so  high  from 
the  ground  that  it  dazzles  to  look  down  from  it.  Thus  Juvenal,  Sat.  vi.  v. 
31,  Altai  caligantesque  fenestras:  which  Holyday  translates,  dazzling  high 

windows.  .         ,  ,    . 

2  The  heroes  of  romance  endeavoured  to  concihate  the  aflfections  of  their 
mistresses  by  the  fame  of  their  illustrious  exploits.  So  was  Desdemona 
won.     Othello,  Act  i., 

"  She  lov'd  me  for  the  dangers  I  had  past." 

3  Ordeal  comes  from  the  Anglo-Saxon  ordal,  and  signifies  judgment 
The  methods  of  trial  by  fire,  water,  or  combat,  were  in  use  till  the  time  of 
Henry  III.,  and  the  right  of  exercising  them  was  annexed  to  several  lord- 
ships or  manors.  At  this  day,  when  a  culprit  is  arraigned  at  the  bar,  and 
asked  how  he  will  be  tried,  he  is  directed  to  answer,   "  by  God  and  mj 


CASTO    I.]  nUDIBRAS.  271 

Where  none  escape,  but  such  as  branded 

"With  red-hot  irous,  have  past  hare-handed  ; 

Anil  it"  they  cannot  read  one  verse  65 

I'  th'  Psalms,  must  sing  it,  and  that's  worse.' 

He,  therefore.  juda;ing  it  below  him. 

To  tempt  a  shame  the  dev'l  might  owe  him, 

Eesolv'd  to  leave  the  Squire  for  bail 

And  niainprize  for  him,  to  tlie  jail,  60 

To  answer  with  his  vessel.'  all 

That  might  disastrouslv  befall. 

He  thought  it  now  the"  fittest  juncture 

To  give  the  Lady  a  rencounter  ; 

T'  acquaint  her  with  his  expedition,  65 

And  conquest  o'er  the  fierce  magician  ; 

Describe  the  manner  of  the  fray, 

And  show  the  spoils  he  brought  away; 

His  bloody  scourging  aggravate, 

The  number  of  the  blows  and  weight :  70 

All  which  might  probablv  succeed. 

And  gain  belief  he  'ad  done  the  deed: 

Which  he  resolv'd  t'  enforce,  and  spare 

No  pawning  of  his  soul  to  swear  ; 

But,  rather  than  produce  his  back,  76 

To  set  his  conscieuce  on  the  rack  ; 

And  in  pursuance  of  his  urgin" 

Of  articles  perform'd,  and  scourging, 

And  all  things  else,  upon  his  part. 

Demand  delivery  of  her  heart,  go 

eountrr,"  by  the  verdict  or  solemn  opinion  of  a  jurv.  "  By  God  "  onh' 
would  formerly  have  meant  the  ordeal,  which  referred  the  case  immediatelv 
to  the  divine  judgment.  ' 

'  In  former  times,  when  scholarship  w.rs  r.irc  and  almost  confined  to 
pne-sts,  a  person  wlio  was  tried  for  anv  capital  crime,  except  treason  or 
sacnlege,  mijjjht  obtain  an  acquittal  by  praying  hii  clergy;  the  raeanini'  of 
which  wa-s  to  call  for  a  Latin  liiblc,  and  read  a  passage  in  it,  {;enerallv"sc- 
Icctcd  from  the  Psalms.  If  he  exhibited  this  capacitv,  the  ordinary  certified 
quod  legit,  and  he  was  saved  as  a  person  of  Icarnirip,  who  might  be  use- 
ful to  the  stjitc  ;  otherwise  he  w.is  hanged.  Hence  the  saying  among  the 
people,  that  if  they  could  not  read  their  neck-verse  at  sessions,  they  must 
sing  It  at  the  gallows,  it  being  customary  to  give  out  a  psalm  to  be  sunn 
preliminary  to  the  execution. 

2  In  the  use  of  this  term  the  saints  unwittingly  concurred  with  the  old 
phUosophers,  who  also  called  the  body  a  vessel 


272  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET    III, 

Her  goods  and  ehattels,  and  good  graces, 

And  person,  up  to  his  embraces. 

Thought  he,  the  ancient  errant  knights 

Won  all  their  ladies'  hearts  in  fights, 

And  cut  \fhole  giants  into  fitters,'  85 

To  put  them  into  am'rous  twitters ; 

"Whose  stubborn  bowels  scorn'd  to  yield, 

Until  their  gallants  were  half  kill'd ; 

But  when  their  bones  were  drubb'd  so  sore, 

They  durst  not  woo  one  combat  more,  90 

The  ladies'  hearts  began  to  melt, 

Subdu'd  by  blows  their  lovers  felt. 
So  Spanish  heroes,  with  their  lances. 

At  once  wound  bulls  and  ladies'  fancies  ;" 

And  he  acquires  the  noblest  spouse  95 

That  widows  greatest  herds  of  cows  ; 
Then  what  may  I  expect  to  do, 
Who  've  quell'd  so  vast  a  buftalo  ? 

Meanwhile  the  Squire  was  on  his  way. 
The  Knight's  late  orders  to  obey ;  lOO 

Who  seut  him  for  a  strong  detachment 
Of  beadles,  constables,  and  watchmen, 
T'  attack  the  cunning-man,  for  plunder 
Committed  falsely  on  his  lumber ; 
When  he,  who  had  so  lately  sack'd  105 

The  enemy,  bad  done  the  fact. 
Had  rifled  all  his  pokes  and  fobs  ^ 
Of  gimcracks,  whims,  and  jiggumbobs,* 
Which  he  by  hook  or  crook  had  gather' d, 
And  for  his  own  inventions  father'd  :  110 

And  when  they  should,  at  jail-delivery, 
Unriddle  one  another's  thievery, 

»  Some  editions  read  fritters;  but  the  corrected  one  of  1678  has  fitters,^ 
a  phrase  often  used  by  romance  writers,  very  frequently  by  the  autluir  n 
the  Romaunt  of  Romaunts.  Fitters  signifies  small  fragments,  from  fetta, 
Ital.,/e<ze>!,  Germ. 

'  The  buU-fights  at  Madrid  have  been  frequently  described.     The  ladies 
have  always  taken  a  zealous  part  at  these  combats. 

3  That  is,  large  and  small  pockets.  Poke  from  poche,  a  large  pocket, 
tag,  or  sack.     So  "  a  pig  in  a  poke." 

•  Knick-knacks,  or  trinkets.     See  Wright's  Glossary. 


OAiTTO  I.]  nrDiBnAS.  273 

Both  might  have  evidence  enough 

To  render  neither  halter-proof.' 

He  thought  it  desperate  to  tarry,  116 

And  venture  to  be  accessary  ; 

But  rather  wisely  slip  his  tetters. 

And  leave  them  for  the  Kuight,  his  betters. 

He  call'd  to  mind  th'  unjust  foul  play 

He  would  have  oflTer'd  hiin  that  day,  120 

To  make  him  curry  his  own  hide, 

Which  no  beast  ever  did  beside, 

Witlioiit  all  possible  evasion, 

But  of  the  riding  dispensation  :  ^ 

And  therefore  much  about  the  hour  12s 

The  Knight,  for  reasons  told  before, 

Eesolv'd  to  leave  him  to  the  fury 

Of  justice,  and  an  unpack'd  jury, 

The  Squire  concurr'd  t'  abandon  him. 

And  serve  him  in  the  self-same  trim  ;'  130 

T'  acquaint  the  lady  what  he'd  done,' 

And  what  he  meant  to  carry  on  ; 

AYhat  project  't  was  he  went  about 

When  Sidrophel  and  he  fell  out ; 

•'  J^t  """  y"'  "'^''"-'a'ioi's  of  the  Knight  and  Sidrophel,  if  cstabliohed 
misht  hang  both  of  them.  Halter-proof  ia  to  be  in  no  danger  from  a 
ha  ter,  as  mus  jct-proof  is  to  be  in  no  danger  from  a  musket :  to  render  neither 
halter-proof  is  to  leave  both  in  danger  of  being  hanged. 

'Ralpho  considers  that  he  should  not  have  escaped  the  whipping  in- 
tended for  him  by  the  Knight,  if  their  dispute  had  not  been  interrupted  by 
the  ndmg-show,  or  skimmington. 

'The  author  has  long  had  an  eve  to  the  selfishness  and  treachery  of  the 
leading  parties,  the  Presbyterians  and  Independents.  A  few  lines  below  he 
speaks  more  plainly : 

In  which  both  dealt,  as  if  they  meant 
Their  party  saints  to  represent. 
Who  never  fail'd,  upon  their  sharing 
In  any  prosperous  arms-bearing, 
To  lay  themselves  out  to  supplant 
Each  other  cousin-german  saint. 

^f  n'Tl.*''  !""  "■•^"i'''"''*'"  that  niidibras  represents  the  Presbyferiam, 
and  Ralnho  the  the  Independents:  this  scene  therefore  alludes  to  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  latter  supplanted  the  former  in  the  civil  war. 

T 


274  HITDIBEAS.  [I'AKT   Til. 

His  firm  and  stedfast  resolution,  135 

To  swear  her  to  an  execution  ; ' 

To  pawn  his  inward  ears  to  marry  her,' 

And  bribe  the  devil  himself  to  carry  her. 

In  which  both  dealt,  as  if  they  meant 

Their  party  saints  to  represent,  140 

Who  never  fail'd,  upon  their  sharing 

In  any  prosperous  arms-bearing, 

To  lay  themselves  out  to  supplant 

Each  other  cousin-german  saint. 

But  ere  the  Knight  could  do  his  part,  145 

The  Squire  had  got  so  much  the  start, 

He'd  to  the  lady  done  his  errand, 

And  told  her  all  his  tricks  aforehand. 

Just  as  he  finish'd  his  report. 
The  Knight  alighted  in  the  court,  150 

And  having  ty'd  his  beast  t'  a  pale, 
And  taken  time  for  both  to  stale, 
He  put  his  band  and  beard  in  order. 
The  sprucer  to  accost  and  board  her:^ 
And  now  began  t'  approach  the  door,  165 

When  she,  who  'ad  spy'd  him  out  before, 
Convey'd  th'  informer  out  of  sight. 
And  went  to  entertain  the  Knight : 
With  whom  encountering,  after  longees  * 
Of  humble  and  submissive  congees,  160 

And  aU  due  ceremonies  paid, 
He  strok'd  his  beard,  and  thus  he  said :' 

'  To  swear  he  had  undergone  the  stipulated  whipping,  and  then  demand 
the  performance  of  her  part  of  the  bargain. 

'  His  honour  and  conscience,  which  might  forfeit  some  of  their  immuni- 
ties by  perjury,  as  the  outward  ears  do  for  the  same  crime  in  the  sentence 
of  the  statute  law. 

3  Thus  in  Hamlet,  Act  ii.  sc.  2  : 

I'll  board  him  presently. — 0,  give  me  leave. — 
How  does  ray  good  lord  Hamlet } 
See  also  Twelfth  Night,  Act  i.  sc.  3 ;  and  Taming  of  the  Shrew,  Act  i 
BC.  2. 

*  Longees  are  thrusts  made  by  fencers. 

'  "  And  now,  being  come  within  compass  of  discerning  her,  he  began  to 
kame  the  loveliest  countenance  that  he  could ;  stroking  up  his  legs,  setting 


CA5T0    t.]  HUDIBRA9.  275 

Madam,  I  do,  as  is  my  duty, 
Honour  the  shadow  of  your  shoe-tie  ; ' 
And  now  am  come,  to  bring  ^our  ear  lOS 

A  present  you'll  be  glad  to  hear  ; 
At  least  I  hope  so :  the  thing's  done, 
Or  may  I  never  see  the  sun  ; 
For  which  I  humbly  now  demand 
Performance  at  your  gentle  hand  ;  170 

And  that  you'd  please  to  do  your  part, 
As  I  have  done  mine  to  my  smart. 

With  that  he  shrugg'd  his  sturdy  back. 
As  if  he  felt  his  shoulders  alie  : 

But  she,  who  well  enough  knew  what,  J7S 

Before  he  spoke,  he  would  be  at. 
Pretended  not  to  apprehend 
The  mystery  of  what  he  mean'd. 
And  therefore  wish'd  him  to  expound 
His  dark  expressions  less  profound.  180 

Madam,  quoth  he,  I  come  to  prove 
How  much  I've  suffer'd  for  your  love, 
Which,  like  your  votary,  to  win, 
I  have  not  spar'd  my  tatter'd  skin  ;  = 
And,  for  those  meritorious  lashes,  185 

To  claim  your  favour  and  good  graces. 

Quoth  she,  I  do  remember  once  ^ 
I  freed  you  from  th'  enchanted  sconce  ;* 
And  that  you  promis'd,  for  that  favour. 
To  bind  your  back  to  'ts  good  behaviour,  ^  iso 

up  his  beard  in  due  order,  and  standing  bolt  upright."  Sir  Philip  Sidnpv's 
Arcadia,  lib.  iii.  p.  319.  Sec  also  Troilus  and  Cressida,  Act  i. ;  Clcvtlanifs 
Mixl  Assembly,  p.  43;  Don  Quixote,  Part  i.  book  iii.  clmp.  12. 

'  Thi.?  rhyme  is  used  before  by  Crasbaw,  in  his  DeliRlits  of  the  "\Iiihs 
published  in  1646 :  '  b  . 

I  wish  her  beauty. 
That  owes  not  all  its  iliay 
To  gaudy  tiro,  or  glisteriiig  tfioe-ty. 

'  Roman  Catholics  used  to  scourge  themselres  before  the  image  of  a 
favourite  saint. 

'  The  lady  here  with  amusing  affectation  speaks  as  if  the  evmt  lad 
happened  some  time  before,  though  in  reality  it  was  only  the  precedinir  Jay 

•  From  the  stocks.  '  i        r  b      i 

•  Vor.   To  th'  good  behaviour. 

T  a 


J7S  HrDIBEAS.  [PAET    III 

And  for  my  sake  and  service,  vow'd 

To  lay  upon  't  a  heavy  load, 

And  what  't  would  bear  to  a  scruple  prove, 

As  other  knights  do  oft  make  love. 

Which,  whether  you  have  done  or  no,  195 

Concerns  yourself,  not  me,  to  know ; 

But  if  you  have,  I  shall  confess, 

T'  are  honester  than  1  could  guess. 

Quoth  he,  If  you  suspect  my  troth, 
I  cannot  prove  it  but  by  oath  ;  200 

And,  if  you  make  a  question  on 't, 
I'll  pavm  my  soul  that  I  have  done  't : 
And  he  that  makes  his  soul  his  surety, 
I  think  does  give  the  beat  secur'ty. 

Quoth  she.  Some  say  the  soul's  secure  205 

Against  distress  and  forfeiture  ; 
Is  free  from  action,  and  exempt 
,  .■  From  execution  and  contempt ; 

And  to  be  summon'd  to  appear 

In  the  other  world  's  illegal  here,'  210 

And  therefore  few  make  any  account, 

Int'  what  incumbrances  they  run't : 

Tor  most  men  carry  things  so  even 

Between  this  world,  and  hell,  and  heaven,' 

"Without  the  least  offence  to  either,  215 

They  freely  deal  in  all  together. 

And  equally  abhor  to  quit 

This  world  for  both,  or  both  for  it. 

And  when  they  pawn  and  damn  their  souls. 

They  are  but  pris'ners  on  paroles.  220 

For  that,  quoth  he,  'tis  rational, 

They  may  be  accountable  in  all : 

>  Alluding  to  the  famous  story  of  Peter  and  John  de  Carvajal,  who, 
being  unjustly  condemned  for  murder,  and  taken  for  execution,  summoned 
the  king,  Ferdinand  the  Fourth  of  Spain,  to  appear  before  God's  tribunal 
in  thirty  days.  The  king  laughed  at  the  summons,  but  it  nevertheless 
disquieted  him,  and  though  he  remained  apparently  in  good  health  on  the 
day  before,  he  was  found  dead  in  his  bed  on  the  mornino;  of  the  thirtieth 
day.     Mariana  says  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  truth  ot  this  story. 

2  Meaning  the  combination  of  saiutship,  or  being  righteous  over-much, 
«4th  selfishness  and  knavery. 


CAKTO   I.l  HrDIBHAS.  277 

For  when  there  is  that  intercourse 

Bet-ween  divine  and  human  pow'rs, 

That  all  that  we  determine  here  228 

Commands  obedience  ev'rywhere;' 

When  penalties  may  be  commuted* 

For  fines,  or  ears,  and  executed, 

It  foDows,  nothing  binds  so  fast 

As  souls  in  pawn  and  mortgage  past :  230 

For  oaths  are  th'  only  tests  and  scales  ' 

Of  right  and  wrong,  and  true  and  false ; 

And  there's  no  other  way  to  try 

The  doubts  of  law  and  justice  by. 

Quoth  she,  What  is  it  you  would  swear  ?  235 

There's  no  believing  'till  I  hear : 
For,  'till  they're  understood,  all  tales, 
Like  nonsense,  are  not  true  nor  false. 

Quoth  he.  When  I  resolv'd  t'obey 
What  you  commanded  th'  other  day,  240 

And  to  perform  my  exercise. 
As  schools  are  wont,  for  yoiu-  fair  eyes ; 
T'  avoid  all  scruples  in  the  case, 
I  went  to  do't  upon  the  place ; 

But  as  the  castle  is  enchanted  245 

By  Sidrophel  the  witch,  and  haunted 
With  evil  spirits,  as  you  know. 
Who  took  my  Squire  and  me  for  two,* 
Before  I'd  hardly  time  to  lay 

My  weapons  by,  and  disarray,  2r.O 

I  heard  a  formidable  noise. 
Loud  as  the  Stentrophonic  voice,* 
That  roar'd  far  off,  Dispatch  and  strip, 
I'm  ready  with  th'  infernal  whip, 
That  shall  divest  thy  ribs  of  skin,  235 

To  expiate  thy  ling'ring  sin  ; 

'  The  reference  is  to  the  text :— "  'WTiataoeTer  ye  shall  bind  on  earth 
itaU  be  bound  in  heaven."     Matthew  iviii.  13.  ' 


'  The  Knight  argues  that,  since  temporal  punishments  may  be  mitigated 
and  commuted,  the  best  securities  for  truth  and  honesty  are  such  oaths  as 
'"*•  '   Var.  Seals  in  edition  of  1678. 

*  For  two  evil  and  delinquent  spirits. 

»  Sir  Samuel  Morland's  speaking  trumpet  was  so  called  after  Ilomer'i 
far-famed  brazen-tongued  Stcntor.     See  Iliad,  v.  785. 


278  HTJDIBBAS.  [PABT   III. 

Thou'st  broke  perfidiously  thy  oath, 

And  not  perform'd  thy  plighted  troth, 

But  spar'd  thy  renegado  back. 

Where  thou'dst  so  great  a  prize  at  stake,'  2fia 

Which  now  the  fates  have  order'd  me 

Per  penance  and  revenge,  to  flea. 

Unless  thou  presently  make  haste  ; 

Time  is,  time  was  !^ — and  there  it  ceast. 

With  which,  tho'  startled,  I  confess,  265 

Yet  th'  horror  of  the  thing  was  less 

Than  the  other  dismal  apprehension 

Of  interruption  or  prevention  ; 

And  therefore,  snatching  up  the  rod, 

I  laid  upon  my  back  a  load,  270 

Eesolv'd  to  spare  no  flesh  and  blood, 

To  make  my  word  and  honour  good ; 

Till  tir'd,  and  taking  truce  at  length, 

For  new  recruits  of  breath  and  strength, 

I  felt  the  blows  still  ply'd  as  fast,  275 

Aa  if  they'd  been  by  lovers  plac'd. 

In  raptures  of  Platonic  laahing, 

And  chaste  contemplative  bardashing.' 

When  facing  hastily  about. 

To  stand  upon  my  guard  and  scout,*  280 

I  found  th'  infernal  cunning  man. 

And  the  under-witch,  his  Caliban, 

With  scourges,  like  the  furies,  arm'd, 

That  on  my  outward  quarters  storm'd. 

In  haste  I  snatch' d  my  weapon  up,  2i«5 

And  gave  their  hellish  rage  a  stop ; 

Call'd  thrice  upon  your  name,*  and  fell 

Courageously  on  Sidrophel : 


'  The  later  editions  read,  when  thou'dst. 

-  This  was  the  famous  sayiug  of  Roger  Bacon's  hrazen  head. 

'  The  epithets  chaste  and  contemplative  are  used  ironically.  Bulwer,  in 
ftis  Artificial  Changeling,  p.  209,  says,  "  the  Turks  call  those  that  are 
young,  and  have  no  heards,  hardasses,"  that  is,  sodomitical  boys. 

*  Sir  Samuel  Luke,  it  will  be  remembered,  was  scout-master.  See  p.  4, 
note  -. 

°  In  the  romances  of  knight-errantry  the  heroes  always  invoke  theil 
mistresses  upon  such  occasions. 


CUfTO  I.]  HtJDIBRAS.  279 

"Who  now  transform'd  himself  t'  a  bear 
Begau  to  roar  aloud,  and  tear  ;  200 

When  I  as  furiously  press'd  on,' 
My  weapon  down  his  throat  to  run, 
Laid  hold  on  him  ;  but  he  broke  loose, 
And  turn'd  himself  into  a  goose, 

Div'd  under  water,  in  a  pond,  28S 

To  hide  himself  from  being  found ; 
In  vain  I  sought  him  ;  but  as  soon 
As  I  pereeiv'd  him  fled  and  gone, 
Prepar'd,  with  equal  haste  and  rage, 
His  under-sorc'rer  to  engage  ;  800 

But  bravely  scorning  to  defile 
My  aivord  with  feeble  blood,  and  vile, 
I  judg'd  it  better  from  a  quick- 
Set  hedge  to  cut  a  knotted  stick, 

With  which  I  furiously  laid  on  ;  3C6 

Till,  in  a  harsh  and  doleful  tone, 
It  roar'd,  O  hold,  for  pity.  Sir, 
I  am  too  great  a  sufferer,'' 
Abus'd  as  you  have  been  b'a  witch. 
But  conjur'd  int'  a  worse  caprich,'  810 

Who  sends  me  out  on  many  a  jaunt. 
Old  houses  in  the  night  to  haunt, 
For  opportunities  t'  improve 
Designs  of  thievery  or  love  ; 

With  drugs  convey'd  in  drink  or  meat,  316 

All  feats  of  witches  counterfeit ; 
Kill  pigs  and  geese  with  powdcr'd  glass, 
And  make  it  for  enchantment  pass  ; 
With  cow-itch'  meazle  like  a  leper. 
And  choke  with  fumes  of  guinea  pepper;  820 

Make  lechers,  and  their  punks,  with  dewtry,' 
Commit  fantastical  advowtry  ; 

•  Some  editions  read ;  When  I  furioimly — 

'   O,  /or  pity,  is  a  favourite  expression,  frequently  used  by  Spenser 
'  That  is,  whim,  fancv,  from  the  Italian  capriccio. 

*  Cowage,  or  Cow-itcL  (Mucuna  pruricns),  a  plant  introduced  from  the 
East  Indies  in  1680,  the  pod  of  which  is  covered  with  short  hairs,  which, 
if  applied  to  the  skin,  cause  preat  itching.  It  is  still  sometimes  used  by 
tountrv  lads  and  Lisst-s  In  various  ways,  to  tease  each  other  with. 

»  Vewtry  \a  the  old  English  name  for  Datura,  a  plant  belonging  to  the 


280  HrDIBEAS.  [PAET   III. 

Bewitch  hermetic  men  to  run  ' 

Stark  staring  mad  with  manicon ; 

Believe  mechanic  yirtuosi  „32S 

Can  raise  'em  mountains  in  Potosi ; ' 

And  sillier  than  the  antic  fools, 

Take  treasure  for  a  heap  of  coals  ;^ 

Seek  out  for  plants  with  signatures, 

To  quack  of  universal  cures  ;  *  33C 

With  figures,  ground  on  panes  of  glass, 

Make  people  on  their  heads  to  pass  ;* 

Natural  Order  of  Nightshades,  all  of  which  are  extremely  narcotic,  and  by 
eome  old  writer  said  to  be  intoxicating  and  aphrodisiac.  Stramonium  is 
the  English  species.  One  of  the  inquiries  of  the  time,  instigated  by  the 
Royal  Society,  was  as  to  the  properties  of  Datura.  See  Sprat's  History  of 
the  Royal  Society,  p.  161,  et  seq.  Advowtry  signifies  adultery,  and  is  so 
used  by  Bacon,  in  his  Life  of  Henry  VII. 

'  Alchymists  were  called  hermetic  philosophers.  Manicon  (or  strychnon) 
is  another  narcotic,  and  is  so  called  from  its  power  of  causing  madness. 
Authors  differ  as  to  its  modern  name,  some  supposing  it  to  be  the  Physalis, 
or  winter-cherry,  others  the  black  night-shade.  See  Pliny's  Natural  Hist. 
(Bohu's  edit.)  -vol.  t.  p.  241,  266.  Banquo,  in  Shakspeare's  Macbeth, 
seems  to  allude  to  it  when  he  says  : 

Were  such  things  here,  as  we  do  speak  about  ? 

Or  have  we  eaten  of  the  insane  root, 

That  takes  the  reason  prisoner  ?  Act  i. 

'  A  banter  on  the  pretended  DiscoYerers  of  the  Philosopher's  Stone,  one  of 
whom.  Van  Helmont,  asserted  in  his  book,  that  he  had  made  nearly  eight 
ounces  of  gold  by  projecting  a  grain  of  his  powder  upon  eight  ounces  of 
quicksilver. 

'  The  alchymists  pretended  to  be  able  to  transmute  the  baser  metals  into 
gold.  Antic  means  antique  or  ancient,  perhaps  quizzing  the  Royal  Society ; 
or  Butler  might  mean  those  dreamers  among  the  ancients,  who  gave  occasion 
to  the  proverb,  "pro  thesauro  carbones;"  they  dreamed  of  gold,  but  on 
examination  found  coals  ;  it  is  frequently  applied  by  Lucian  and  Phaedrus. 
It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  however,  that  Carbon  is  the  constituent  part  of 
diamonds  and  gold  as  well  as  of  coal. 

"  The  signatures  of  plants  were  marks  or  figures  upon  them,  which  wero 
thought  to  point  out  their  medicinal  qualties.  Thus  Wood-sorrel  was  used 
as  a  cordial,  because  its  leaf  is  shaped  like  a  heart.  Liverwort  was  given 
for  disorders  of  the  liver.  The  herb  Dragon  was  employed  to  counteract  the 
effects  of  poison,  because  its  stem  is  speckled  like  some  serpents.  The  yel- 
low juice  of  the  Celandine  recommended  it  for  the  cure  of  the  jaundice, 
and  Paracelsus  said,  that  the  spots  on  the  leaves  of  the  Persicaria  maculosa 
proved  its  eflicacy  in  the  scurvy. 

'  The  multiplying  glass,  concave  mirror,  camera  obscura,  and  other  in- 
ventions, which  were  new  in  our  author's  time,  passed  with  the  vulgar  for 
enchantments:  and  as  the  law  against  witches  was  then  in  force,  the  *z- 


CAWTO    I.]  HtTDIBHAS.  281 

Aud  mighiy  Leaps  of  coin  increase, 

Reflected  from  a  single  piece  ; 

To  draw  in  fools,  whose  nat'ral  itches  83o 

Incline  perpetually  to  witches, 

And  keep  nie  in  continual  fears, 

And  danger  of  my  neck  and  ears  ; 

When  less  delinquents  have  been  scourg'd, 

And  hemp  on  wooden  anvils  forg'd,'  340 

Which  others  for  cravats  have  worn 

About  their  necks,  and  took  a  turn. 

I  pitied  the  sad  punishment 
The  wretched  caitiff  underwent, 
And  held  my  drubbing  of  his  bones  34S 

Too  great  an  honour  for  poltroons  ; 
For  knighta  are  bound  to  feel  no  blows 
From  paltry  and  unequal  foes,* 
Who,  when  they  slash  and  cut  to  pieces, 
Do  all  with  civillest  addresses  :  350 

Their  horses  never  give  a  blow, 
But  when  they  make  a  leg  and  bow. 
I  therefore  spar'd  his  flesh,  and  prest  him 
About  the  witch,  with  many  a  question. 

Quoth  he,  For  many  years  he  drove  365. 

A  kind  of  broking-trade  in  love,' 
Employ'd  in  all  th'  intrigues,  and  trust. 
Of  leeble,  speculative  lust ; 
Procurer  to  th'  extravagancy, 

And  crazy  ribaldry  of  fancy,  880 

By  those  the  devil  had  forsook, 
As  things  below  him,  to  provoke  ; 
But  b'ing  a  virtuoso,  able 
To  smatter,  quack,  and  cant,  and  dabble. 
He  held  his  talent  most  adroit,  885 

For  any  mystical  exploit, 

hibitors  of  these  curiosities  were  'in  some  danger  of  being  sentenced  to 
Bridewell,  the  pillory,  or  the  halter. 

'  Alludinp  to  the  occupation  of  minor  criminals  in  Bridewell,  who  beat 
the  hemp  with  whieh  greater  criminals  were  hanged. 

'  According  to  the  rules  of  knight-errantry.  See  Don  Quiiote  (book  iii 
eh.  1),  and  romances  in  general. 

'  Meaning  that  he  was  a  pimp,  or  pander. 


?92  HFDIBBAS.  [PAET   in. 

As  others  of  his  tribe  had  done, 

And  rais'd  their  prices  three  to  one ;' 

For  one  predicting  pimp  has  th'  odds 

Of  chaldrons  of  plain  downright  bawds.  870 

But  as  an  elf,  the  dev'l's  valet. 

Is  not  so  slight  a  thing  to  get,' 

For  those  that  do  his  bus'ness  best, 

In  hell  are  us'd  the  ruggedest  j 

Before  bo  meriting  a  person  873 

Cou'd  get  a  grant,  but  in  reversion, 

He  serv'd  two  'prenticeBhipe,  and  longer, 

I'  th'  myat'ry  ol  a  lady-monger. 

For,  as  some  write,  a  witch's  ghost, 

As  soon  as  from  the  body  loos'd,  380 

Becomes  a  puisne-imp  itself. 

And  is  another  witch's  elf ; 

He,  after  searching  far  and  near. 

At  length  found  one  in  Lancashire, 

With  whom  ho  bargain'd  beforehand,  385 

And,  after  hanging,  entertain' d  : 

Since  which  he's  play'd  a  thousand  feats. 

And  practis'd  all  mechanic  cheats : 

Transform'd  himself  to  th'  iigly  shapes 

Of  wolves  and  bears,  baboons  and  apes ;  390 

Which  he  has  varied  more  than  ^^■itche8, 

Or  Pharaoh's  wizards  could  their  switches ; 

And  all  with  whom  he's  had  to  do, 

Turn'd  to  as  monstrous  figures  too ; 

Witness  myself,  whom  he's  abus'd,  395 

And  to  this  beastly  shape  reduc'd ; 

By  feeding  me  on  beans  and  peas, 

He  crams  in  nasty  crevices, 

And  turns  to  comfits  by  his  arts. 

To  make  me  relish  for  desserts,  400 

And  one  by  one,  with  shame  and  fear, 

Lick  up  the  candied  provender. 


'  William  Lilly  says  he  was  fourteen  years  before  he  could  get  an  elf  or 
ghost  of  a  departed  witch,  but  at  last  found  one  in  Lancashire.  This 
country  has  always  been  famous  for  witches,  but  the  ladies  there  are  now  so 
called  out  of  compliment  to  their  witchery  or  beauty. 


OA.HTO   I.]  HUDTBEAS.  283 

Beside^— "But  as  h'  was  runniil^  oil) 

To  tell  what  other  feats  lio*d  cfonG, 

The  ladv  stopt  his  full  career,  40S 

And  told  him,  now  'twas  time  to  hear. 

If  half  those  things,  said  she,  he  true — 

They're  aU,  quoth  he,  I  swear  by  you. 

AVhy  then,  said  she.  that  Sidrophel 

Haa  damn'd  himself  to  th'  pit  of  hell,  410 

Who,  mounted  oa  a  broom,  the  nag  ' 

And  hackney  of  a  Lapland  hag. 

In  quest  of  you  came  hither  post, 

Within  an  hour,  I'm  sure,  at  most, 

Who  told  me  all  you  swear  and  say,  41fi 

Quite  contrary,  another  way  ; 

Vow'd  that  you  came  to  him,  to  know 

If  you  should  carry  me  or  no  ; 

And  would  have  hir'd  him  and  his  imps, 

To  be  your  match-makers  and  pimps,  430 

T'  engage  the  devil  on  your  side. 

And  steal,  like  Proserpine,  your  bride ; 

But  he,  disdaining  to  embrace 

So  filthy  a  design,  and  base, 

Ton  fell  to  vapouring  and  huffing,  425 

And  drew  upon  him  like  a  ruffian; 

Surpris'd  him  me.anly,  unprepar'd. 

Before  he  'ad  time  to  mount  his  guard, 

And  left  him  dead  upon  the  ground, 

With  many  a  bruise  and  desperate  wound  ;  430 

Swore  you  had  broke  and  robb'd  his  house. 

And  stole  his  talismanique  louse,^ 

And  all  his  new-found  old  inventions, 

With  flat  felonious  intentions. 

Which  he  could  bring  out,  where  he  had,  435 

And  what  ho  bought  'em  for,  and  paid ; 

'  Lapland  is  head-quarters  for  witchcraft,  and  it  is  from  these  Scandi- 
navians that  we  derive  the  accepted  tradition  that  witches  ride  through  thi 
sir  on  broom-sncks.  Sec  Schetfer's  History  of  Lapland,  Mallet's  Northern 
Antiquities,  and  Keightley's  Fairy  Jfvtholnpy. 

'  The  poet  intim.ites  that  Sidrophel,  beinfj  much  plagued  with  lice,  had 
made  a  talisman,  or  formed  a  louse  in  a  certain  position  of  the  stars,  U 
chase  away  this  kind  of  vermin. 


284  HTTDIBEAS.  [PAET   III. 

His  flea,  his  morpion,  and  punese,' 

He  'ad  gotten  for  his  proper  ease, 

And  all  in  perfect  minutes  made, 

By  th'  ablest  artists  of  the  trade  ;  440 

"Which,  he  could  prove  it,  since  he  lost, 

He  has  been  eaten  up  almost. 

And  altogether,  might  amount 

To  many  hundreds  on  account ; 

Por  which  he  'ad  got  sufficient  warrant  445 

To  seize  the  malefactors  errant, 

Without  capacity  of  bail. 

But  of  a  cart's  or  horse's  tail ; 

And  did  not  doubt  to  bring  the  wretches 

To  serve  for  pendulums  to  watches,  450 

Which,  modern  virtuosi  say, 

Incline  to  hanging  every  way.^ 

Beside,  he  swore,  and  swore  'twas  true, 

That  ere  he  went  in  quest  of  you, 

He  set  a  figure  to  discover  455 

If  you  were  fled  to  Eye  or  Dover  ; 

And  found  it  clear,  that  to  betray 

Yourself  and  me,  you  fled  this  way ; 

And  that  he  was  upon  pursuit, 

To  take  you  somewhere  hereabout.  4eo 

He  vow'd  he'd  had  intelligence 

Of  aU  that  pass'd  before  and  since ; 

And  found,  that  ere  you  came  to  him, 

T'  had  been  engaging  life  and  limb 

About  a  case  of  tender  conscience,  463 

Where  both  abounded  in  your  own  sense  • 

Till  Ealpho,  by  his  Light  "and  Grace, 

Had  elear'd  all  scruples  in  the  case. 

And  prov'd  that  you  might  swear,  and  own 

Whatever's  by  the  Wicked  done  :  470 

For  which,  most  basely  to  requite 

The  service  of  his  Gifts  and  Light, 

■  The  talisman  of  a  flea,  a  louse,  and  a  bug.     Morpion  and  Punaise  are 
French  terms. 

2  Meaning  the  balance  for  watches,  which  may  be  called  a  substitute  for 
the  pendulum,  and  was  invented  about  our  author's  time  by  Dr  Hooke. 


CANTO  I.]  HunrBiiAs.  285 

Toil  strove  t'  oblinje  liim,  by  main  force, 

To  scourge  his  ribs  instead  of  yours; 

But  that  he  stood  upon  his  guard,  47S 

And  all  your  vapouring  outdar'd ; 

For  which,  between  you  both,  the  feat 

Has  never  been  perform'd  as  yet. 

"While  thus  the  lady  talk'd'the  Knight 
Turn'd  th'  outside  of  his  eyes  to  white  ;  480 

As  men  of  Inward  Light  are  wont 
To  turn  their  optics  in  upon  't ;' 
He  wonder'd  how  she  came  to  know 
What  he  had  done,  and  meant  to  do ; 
Held  up  his  affidavit  hand,^  4g5 

As  if  he  'd  been  to  be  arraign'd  ; 
Cast  tow'rds  the  door  a  ghastly  look, 
In  drtvid  of  Sidrophel,  and  spoke : 

^Madam,  if  but  one  word  be  true 
Of  all  the  wizard  has  told  you,  490 

Or  but  one  single  circumstance 
In  all  th'  apocryphal  romance; 
May  dreadful  earthquakes  swallow  down 
This  vessel,  that  is  all  your  own  ;' 
Or  may  the  heavens  fall,  and  cover  496 

These  relics  of  your  constant  lover.^ 

Tou  have  provided  well,  quoth  she, 
I  thank  you,  for  yourself  and  me, 

'  The  Dissenters  are  ridiculed  for  an  affected  sanctity,  and  turnin"  up  the 
whites  of  their  eyes,  which  Echard  calls  "  showing  the  heavenly  part  of  the 
eye."     Thus  Ben  Jonson  in  his  story  of  Cocklosscl  and  the  Deiil, 
To  help  it  he  called  for  a  puritan  poaeht 
That  used  to  turn  up  the  eggs  of  his  eyes. 
And  Fenton  (in  his  Epistle  to  Southerne) : 

Her  eyes  she  disciplin'd  perciscly  right. 
Both  when  to  winlt,  and  how  to  turn  the  white. 
See  also  Tale  of  a  Tuh,  p.  207. 

'  'Wl-.en  any  one  takes  an  oath,  he  puts  his  right  hand  to  the  hook,  that 
IS.  to  the  New  Testament,  and  kis,scs  it ;  but  the  Covenanters,  in  swearingj 
/ofused  to  kiss  the  book,  saying  it  was  Popish  and  superstitious  ;  and  sub- 
stituted the  ceremony  of  holding  up  the  right  hand,  which  they  used  also 
in  taking  any  oath  before  the  magistrate. 

'  This  is  an  equivocation ;  the  "vessel"  is  evidently  not  the  abject  suitor, 
hut  the  lady  herself.  ' 

•  The  Eiiight  stiil  means  the  widow,  but  speaks  as  if  he  meant  himselt 


286  HUDIBRAS.  [PAET   III. 

And  shown  your  Pi-esbyterian  wits 

Jump  punctual '  with  the  Jesuits'  ;  500 

A  most  compendious  way,  and  civil, 

At  once  to  cheat  the  world,  the  devil, 

"With  heaven  and  heU,  yourselves,  and  those 

On  whom  you  vainly  think  t'  impose. 

Why  then,  quoth  he,  may  hell  surprise —  5u5 

That  trick,  said  she,  wiU  not  pass  twice : 
I've  learn'd  how  far  I'm  to  believe 
Tour  pinning  oaths  upon  your  sleeve  ; 
But  there's  a  better  way  of  clearing 
What  you  would  prove,  than  downright  swearing  :  510 
For  if  you  have  perform'd  the  feat, 
The  blows  are  visible  as  yet. 
Enough  to  serve  for  satisfaction 
Of  nicest  scruples  in  the  action  ; 
And  if  you  can  produce  those  knobs,  513 

Altho'  they're  but  the  witch's  drubs, 
I'll  pass  them  all  upon  account, 
As  if  your  nat'ral  self  had  done  't ; 
Provided  that  they  pass  th'  opinion 
Of  able  juries  of  old  women,  620 

Who,  us'd  to  judge  all  matter  of  facts 
For  bellies,^  may  do  so  for  backs. 

Madam,  quoth  he,  your  love's  a  miUion, 
To  do  is  less  than  to  be  willing, 
As  I  am,  were  it  in  my  power,  525 

T'  obey  what  you  command,  and  more  ; 
But  for  performing  what  you  bid, 
I  thank  you  as  much  as  if  I  did. 
Tou  know  I  ought  to  have  a  care 
To  keep  my  wounds  from  taking  air  ;  530 

For  wounds  in  those  that  are  all  heart, 
Are  dangerous  in  any  part. 

I  find,  quoth  she,  my  goods  and  chattels 
Are  like  to  prove  but  mere  drawn  battles  ; 

'  "Jump  punctual"  means  to  agree  exactly.  "Tou  will  find"  (sayi 
Petyt,  in  his  Visions  of  the  Reformation)  "  that  though  they  have  two 
faces  that  look  different  ways,  yet  they  have  both  the  same  lineaments,  tin 
same  principles,  and  the  same  practices." 

•  When  a  woman  pretends  to  be  pregnant,  in  order  to  gain  a  respite  from 
her  sentence,  tue  fact  must  be  ascertained  by  a  jury  of  matrons. 


» 


CANTO    1.]  lirDIBBAS.  287 

For  still  the  longer  we  contend,  635 

W'e  are  but  farther  off  the  end. 
But  grautint;  now  we  should  agree, 
AYhat  is  it  you  expect  from  me  ? 

Your  plighted  faith,  quoth  he,  and  vord 
You  pass'd  in  heaven,  on  record,  640 

Where  all  contracts  to  have  and  t'  hold, 
Are  everlastingly  cnroll'd : 
And  if  'tis  counted  treason  here  ' 
To  raze  records,  'tis  much  more  there. 

Quoth  she.  There  are  no  bargains  driv'n,  645 

Nor  marriages  clapp'd  up  in  hcav'n ;  ' 
And  that's  the  reason,  as  some  gness, 
There  is  no  hcav'n  in  marriages ; 
Two  things  that  naturally  press  ' 
Too  narrowly,  to  be  at  ease  :  65C 

Their  bus'ness  there  is  only  love. 
Which  marriage  is  not  like  t'  improve  ;  * 
Love,  that's  too  generous  t'  abide 
To  be  against  its  nature  tied  ; 

For  where  'tis  of  itself  inclin'd,  656 

It  breai\s  loose  when  it  is  confin'd,' 
And  like  the  soul,  its  harbourer, 
Debarr'd  the  freedom  of  the  air, 
Disdains  against  its  will  to  stay, 
But  struggles  out,  and  flies  away  :  660 

And  therefore  never  can  comply, 
T'  endure  the  matrimonial  tie, 

'  It  w,i3  madc/ffony  by  Act  8  Ric.  11.,  and  8  lien.  VI.,  cap.  12. 
'  Mark  xii.  2.i  :  "For  when  tlicy  shall  arise  from  the  dead,  they  neither 
Bamr  nt-r  arc  given  in  marria^jo." 
'  That  is,  bargains  and  marriages. 
'  riurinius  in  ccclis  amor  est,  connuhia  nulla: 

Conjugia  in  tcrris  plurinia,  nullus  amor. 

J.  Owen,  Epigram,  lib,  2. 
*  Thus  thought  Eloise,  according  to  Pope : 

I.ove,  free  ns  air,  at  sight  of  human  ties. 
Spreads  his  light  wings,  and  in  a  moment  flies. 
So  Chaucer,  in  his  Frankileyncs  Talc  : 

LoTc  wol  not  be  constrained  by  maistric  : 
Whan  maistrc  cometh.  tlie  god  of  love  anoa 
Beteth  his  wingcs,  and,  farcwcl,  he  is  gon. 


288  HrDIBEAS.  [PAHT   HI. 

That  binds  the  female  and  the  male, 

"Where  th'  one  is  but  the  other's  bail ; 

Like  Roman  gaolers,  when  they  slept,  565 

Chain'd  to  the  prisoners  they  kept :' 

Of  which  the  true  and  faithfuU'st  lover 

Gives  best  security  to  suffer. 

Marriage  is  but  a  beast,  some  say,' 

That  carries  double  in  foul  way,  670 

And  therefore  'tis  not  to  b'  admir'd, 

It  should  so  suddenly  be  tir'd ; 

A  bargain,  at  a  venture  made. 

Between  two  partners  in  a  trade : 

Por  what's  inferr'd  by  t'  have  and  t'  hold,  675 

But  something  pass'd  away  and  sold?'' 

That,  as  it  makes  but  one  of  two. 

Reduces  all  things  else  as  low ; 

And  at  the  best  is  but  a  mart 

Between  the  one  and  th'  other  part,  680 

That  on  the  marriage  day  is  paid, 

Or  hour  of  death,  the  bet  it  laid  ;* 

And  all  the  rest  of  bett'r  or  worse, 

Both  are  but  losers  out  of  purse  : 

For  when  upon  their  ungot  heirs  685 

Th'  entail  themselves  and  aE.  that's  theirs. 

What  blinder  bargain  e'er  was  driven, 

Or  wager  laid  at  six  and  seven  ? 

To  pass  themselves  away,  and  turn 

Their  children's  tenants  ere  they're  born  ?  590 

Beg  one  another  idiot 

To  guardians,  ere  they  are  begot ; 

'  That  is,  where  if  one  of  them  is  faulty,  the  other  is  drawn  into  diffi- 
culties hy  it,  and  the  truest  lover  is  likely  to  be  the  greatest  sufferer. 

^  The  custom  among  the  Romans  was  to  chain  the  right  hand  of  the 
culprit  to  the  left  hand  of  the  guard. 

'  Sir  Thomas  Brown  says  that  he  could  be  content  that  we  might  pro- 
create like  trees  without  conjunction. 

*  An  equivocation.  The  words  "to have  and  to  hold,"  in  the  marriage 
ceremony,  signify  *'  I  take  to  possess  and  keep ;"  in  deeds  of  conveyanco 
their  meaning  is,  "  I  give  to  be  possessed  and  kept  by  anothei.  The  Salis- 
bury Missal  (see  edition  1.554)  reads,  "I  take  thee  for  my  wedded  wife  to 
have  and  to  hold  for  this  day." 

'  Some  editions  read,  t/te  bet  is  laiA 


CANTO    1.]  HUDIBRAS.  289 

Or  ever  shall,  perhaps,  bv  th'  one 

Who's  boiiiul  to  vouch  'em  for  his  own, 

Tho"  got  b'  implicit  gpiieration,'  696 

And  general  club  of  all  the  nation; 

For  which  she's  fortified  no  less 

Tlian  all  the  island  with  four  seas  : ' 

Exacts  the  tribute  of  her  dower, 

In  ready  insolence  and  power,  eoo 

And  makes  him  pass  away,  to  have 

And  hold  to  her,  himself,  her  slave. 

More  wretched  than  an  ancient  villain,* 

Condemn'd  to  drudgery  and  tilling; 

AVliile  all  he  does  upon  the  by,  aos 

Slie  is  not  bound  to  justify, 

Nor  at  her  proper  cost  and  charge 

Maintain  the  feats  he  does  at  hirge.* 

Such  hideous  sots  were  those  obedient 

Old  vassals  to  their  ladies  regent,  610 

To  give  the  cheats  the  eldest  hand 

In  foul  play,  by  the  laws  o'  th'  land, 

For  which  so  many  a  legal  cuckold' 

Has  been  run  down  in  courts,  and  truckled : 

A  law  that  most  unjustly  yokes  ei5 

All  Johns  of  Stile.,  to  Joans  of  Nokea,^ 

.  '  ,T¥*  7°^y^  ^«^™  'o  '^""i  generatinn  on  faitli ;  Imt  Dr  Joliii«,,n  says 
implinl  signifies  mi  It,  co.ivplicatcd,  intricate,  perplexed.  Grev  ilhistrate.! 
the  roferenee  by  the  .ton-  of  a  woman  who  alleged  that  she  was'e«,  fi«/^  by 
Tu  .  1  u"  J-  """!Sl>  he  ha'l  heen  three  years  absent  from  her,  upon  tho  plea 
that  she  had  received  very  comf.irtahle  letters  from  him 

'■  The  interpretation  of  the  law  was,  that  a  child  could  not  be  deemed  a 
bastani  If  the  husband  had  remained  in  the  island,  or  within  the  four  seas. 
sec  liutler  s  Remain.s,  vol.  i.  p.  122. 

■••The  villains  were  a  sort  of  serfs  or  slaves,  bound  to  the  land,  and  passed 
with  It  to  any  purchaser  :  as  the  lord  was  not  answerable  for  .anvthin"  done  by 
his  villain  tenant,  no  more  is  the  wife  for  anythin;;  done  bv  her  vilhiiu  hus- 
band   though  he  IS  bound  to  justify  and  maiiitain  all  that  liis  wife  .b.es 

«  Meaning  (hat  the  husband  is  bound  under  all  circumstances  to  main- 
t.ain  the  credit  of  his  wife,  a  condition  as  d  grading  n.<>  that  of  villaina.'C  bv 
which  the  tenants  were  hound  to  ren  ler  the  most  abject  services  to"  their 
htr  husband  '"'  """  °"""' '"'"'''  "  '"  "°  "'P*"^'  responsible  for 

»  A  legal  cuctold  is  one  who  has  proved  his  title  bv  an  action  for 

•  These  are  namea  ^ven  ia  law  proceedings  to  indefinite  persons,  likt 


290  HUDISBA8.  [PABT   III 

Without  distinction  of  degree, 

Condition,  age,  or  quality  ; 

Admits  no  pow'r  of  revocation. 

Nor  valuable  consideration,  62C 

Nor  writ  of  error,  nor  reverse 

Of  judgment  past,  for  better  or  worse ; 

Will  not  allow  the  privileges 

That  beggars  challenge  under  hedges, 

Who,  when  they're  griev'd,  can  make  dead  horses    625 

Their  spiritual  judges  of  divorces  ;' 

While  nothing  else  but  rem  in  re, 

Can  set  the  proudest  wretches  free ; 

A  slavery  beyond  enduring, 

But  that  'tis  of  their  own  procuring.  680 

As  spiders  never  seek  the  fly, 

But  leave  him,  of  himself,  t'  apply  ; 

So  men  are  by  themselves  betray'd, 

To  quit  the  freedom  they  enjoy'd. 

And  run  their  necks  into  a  noose,  635 

They'd  break  'em  after  to  break  loose. 

As  some,  whom  death  would  not  depart,' 

Have  done  the  feat  themselves  by  art. 

Like  Indian  widows,  gone  to  bed 

lu  flaming  curtains  to  the  dead  ;^  610 

And  men  has  often  dangled  for 't. 

And  yet  will  never  leave  the  sport. 

Nor  do  the  ladies  want  excuse 

For  all  the  stratagems  they  use, 

To  gain  th'  advantage  of  the  set,*  645 

And  lurch  the  amorous  rook  and  cheat. 

For  as  the  Pythagorean  soul 

Euns  thro'  all  beasts,  and  fish,  and  fowl,* 

John  Doe  and  Ricliarci  Roe.  or  Cains  and  Titus,  in  the  civil  law.  See 
an  amusing  paper  on  the  subject  in  Spectator,  577.  But  Butler  has  hu- 
fnorously  changed  John  o'  Nokcs  into  a  female. 

'  The  gipsies,  it  is  said,  are  s.itisfied  of  tlie  validity  of  such  decisions. 

*  Alluding  to  several  revisions  of  the  Common  Prayer  before  the  last,  where 
it  stood,  "  til  death  us  depart,"  and  then  was  altered  to,  "  til  death  us  do  part." 

*  They  used  to  buru  themselves  on  the  funeral  piles  of  their  husbands ; 
a  ciistom  which  has  but  recently  been  abolished. 

*  Set,  that  is,  the  game,  a  term  at  tennis. 

*  The  doctrine  of  metempsychosis.  Pythagoras,  according  to  Heraclides, 


CANTO    I.]  HrDIBElS.  291 

And  has  a  smack  of  ev'ry  one, 

So  love  does,  and  has  ever  done ;  C50 

And  tlieretbre,  tlioiigh  'tis  ne'er  so  fond,' 

Takes  strangely  to  the  vagabond. 

'Tis  but  an  ague  that's  reverst, 

Whose  hot  fit  takes  the  patient  first, 

That  after  burns  with  cold  as  much  856 

As  iron  in  Greenland  does  the  touch  ; ' 

Melts  in  the  furnace  of  desire, 

Like  glass,  that's  but  the  ice  of  fire  ; 

And  when  his  heat  of  fancy's  over. 

Becomes  as  hard  and  frail  a  lover  :  '  (jgo 

Tor  when  he's  with  love-powder  laden. 

And  prim'd  and  cock'd  by  Miss  or  Madam. 

The  smallest  sparkle  of  .an  eye 

Gives  fire  to  his  artillerv, 

And  oft"  the  loud  oaths  go,  but,  while  663 

They're  in  the  very  act,  recoil : 

Hence  'tis  so  few  dare  take  their  chance 

"Without  a  sep'rate  maintenance  ; 

And  widows,  who  have  try'd  one  lover. 

Trust  none  again  't'll  they  've  made  over ;  *  670 

Or  if  they  do,  before  they  marry, 

The  foxes  weigh  the  geese  they  carry  ;' 

used  to  say  that  he  remembered  not  only  wliat  men,  but  what  plants  anil 
what  animals,  his  soul  had  passed  tlirough.  And  Empedoclcs  dedarud  of 
nimselt,  that  he  had  been  first  a  boy,  then  a  girl,  then  a  plant,  then  a  bird 
then  a  fish. 

'   In  the  edition  of  1678,  "  ere  so  fond." 

»  Metals,  if  ajiplied  to  the  flesh,  in  very  cold  climates,  occasion  extreme 
pain.  This  Mell-known  fact  is  occasioned  by  the  rapid  and  excessive  ab- 
straction of  calorie  from  the  flesh  ;  just  as  a  burn  is  by  the  rapid  and  exces- 
sive communi.ation  of  it.  Viij^il,  m  his  Georgies,  I.  92,  speaks  of  cold  as 
burning.  Some  years  ago,  we  believe  in  1814,  a  report  ran  through  the  ncivs- 
papcrs  that  a  boy,  putting  his  tongue,  out  of  bravado,  to  the  inm  of  Jlenai 
bridge,  when  the  cold  was  below  zero,  found  '.t  adhere  so  violently,  that  it 
could  not  be  withdrawn  without  surgical  aid,  and  the  loss  of  part  of  it. 

^  That  IS,  becomes  as  hard  and  frail  as  gla.s9  :  for  after  being  melted 
m  the  furnace  of  desire,  he  congeals  like  melted  glass,  which,  when  the 
heat  IS  over,  is  not  iinlile  .ee. 

♦  Xfade  over  their  property,  in  trust,  to  a  third  person  for  their  solo  and 
Bcparate  u<e. 

»  Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  in  his  Treatise  on  Bodies,  chap.  30,  5  38,  relates  thij 
•tory  of  the  foi.  ' 

V  i 


292  HITDIBEAS.  [PAET    III. 

And  ere  they  venture  o'er  a  stream, 

Know  how  to  size  themselves  and  them. 

Whence  wittiest  ladies  always  choose  675 

To  undertake  the  heaviest  goose  : 

For  now  the  world  is  grown  so  wary, 

That  few  of  either  sex  dare  marry, 

But  rather  trust,  on  tick,  t'  amours, 

The  cross  and  pile,  for  better  or  worse  ; '  680 

A  mode  that  is  held  honourable. 

As  well  as  French,  and  fashionable  : 

For  when  it  falls  out  for  the  best, 

AVhere  both  are  incommoded  least, 

In  soul  and  body  two  unite,  685 

To  make  up  one  hermaphrodite. 

Still  amorous,  and  fond,  and  billing, 

Like  Philip  and  Mary  on  a  shilling,* 

They  've  more  punctilios  and  capriches 

Between  the  petticoat  and  breeches,  690 

More  petulant  extravagances. 

Than  poets  make  'em  in  romances  ; 

Tho',  when  their  heroes  'spouse  the  dames, 

"We  hear  no  more  of  charms  and  flames  ; 

For  then  their  late  attracts  decline,  696 

And  turn  as  eager  as  prick'd  wine ; 

And  all  their  catterwauling  tricks, 

In  earnest  to  as  jealous  piques; 

Which  th'  ancients  wisely  signify'd 

By  th'  yellow  mantos  of  the  bride.'  700 

For  jealousy  is  but  a  kind 

Of  clap  and  grincam  of  the  mind,'' 

1  Signifying  a  mere  toss  up,  heads  or  tails. 

^  On  the  shillings  of  Philip  and  Mary,  coined  1555,  the  faces  are  placed 
opposite,  and  near  to  each  other.  Cleveland,  in  his  poem  on  an  Hermaphro- 
dite, has  a  similar  expression  : 

"  Thus  did  nature's  mintage  vary, 
Coining  thee  a  Philip  and  Mary." 

3  The  bride,  among  the  Eomans,  was  brought  home  to  her  husband  in  a 
yellow  veil.  The  widow  intimates  that  the  yellow  colour  of  the  veil  was  an 
emblem  of  jealousy. 

•  The  later  editions  read  crincam ;  either  of  them  is  a  cant  word,  denoting 
an  infectious  disease,  or  whimsical  affection  of  the  mind,  applied  commonly 


CABTO   I."]  HrniBBAS.  293 

The  natural  effects  of  love, 

A8  other  llames  and  aches'  prove: 

But  all  the  uiischier  is,  the  doubt  705 

On  whose  account  they  first  broke  out ; 

For  tho'  Chineses  go  to  bed, 

And  lie-in  in  their  ladies'  stead,' 

And,  fur  the  pains  tliey  took  before, 

Are  nui"s'd  and  pamper'd  to  do  more  ;  710 

Our  green-men  '  do  it  worse,  when  th'  hap 

To  fall  in  labour  of  a  clap  ; 

Both  lay  the  child  to  one  another, 

But  who's  the  father,  who  the  mother, 

to  love,  lewdness,  or  jealousy.  Thus,  in  the  manors  of  East  and  West 
Enbome,  in  Berkshire,  if  the  wiilow  by  incontinence  forfeits  her  free  bench, 
•be  may  recover  it  again  by  riding  into  the  next  manor  court,  backward,  on 
•  black  ram,  with  his  tail  in  her  band,  and  saying  the  following  words : 

Here  I  am,  riding  upon  a  black  ram, 
Like  a  whore  as  1  am  : 
And  for  my  crincum  crancum, 
Have  lost  my  binoum  bancum. 

Blount's  Fragmenta  Antiq.  p.  144. 

Nares's  GlossaTT  affords  the  following  illustration.  "You  must  know, 
Sir,  in  a  nobleman  'tis  abusive;  no,  in  him  the  serpigo,  in  a  knight  the 
grineomes,  in  a  gentleman  the  Neapolitan  soabb,  and  in  a  serving  man  or 
artificer  the  plaine  pox."  Jones's  Adrasta,  1635.  But  see  AVright's 
Glossary,  sub  voc.  Orincomhes,  Cranntm^  Grincomes. 

'  Aches  was  a  di.ssyllable  in  Butler's  time,  and  long  afterwards.  See 
note  '  at  page  191. 

'  In  some  countries  after  the  wife  has  recovered  from  her  lying  in,  it  has 
been  the  custom  for  the  husband  to  go  to  bed,  and  be  treated  with  the  same 
rare  and  tenderness.  Sec  Apollonius  Rlmdius,  II.  1013,  and  Valerius  Flac- 
ous,  T.  148.  The  historyof  mankind  hath  scarcely  furnished  any  thing  more 
unaccountable  llian  the  prevalence  of  this  custom.  AVe  meet  with  it  in 
ancient  and  modem  times,  in  the  Obi  World  and  in  the  New,  among  nations 
who  could  never  b.ave  had  the  lea.st  intercourse  with  each  other.  It  is  prac- 
tised in  China,  and  in  I'urcha.s'8  I'ilgrims  it  is  said  to  be  practised  among 
the  Brazilians.  At  Haarlem,  a  cambric  cockade  hung  to  tlie  door,  shows 
that  the  woman  of  the  house  is  brought  to  bed,  and  that  her  husband  claims 
a  protection  from  arrests  during  the  six  weeks  of  his  wife's  confinement. 
Polnitz  Memoirs,  vol.  ii.  p.  396. 

'  Raw  and  inexperienced  youths ;  green  is  still  used  in  the  tame  seDsa 
Slakespcarc,  in  Hamlet,  Act  iv.  sc.  5,  says  : 

And  wc  have  done  but  greenly  to  inter  bim. 


201  HUDIBEAS.  fPAET   III. 

'Tis  bard  to  say  in  multitudes,  715 

Or  who  imported  the  French  goods.' 

But  health  and  sickness  b'ing  all  one, 

"Which  both  eugag'd  before  to  own,^ 

And  are  not  with  their  bodies  bound 

To  worship,  only  when  they're  sound,  720 

Both  give  and  take  their  equal  shares 

Of  all  they  suffer  by  false  wares  ; 

A  fate  no  lover  can  divert 

With  all  his  caution,  wit,  and  art  : 

Tor  'tis  in  vain  to  think  to  guess  725 

At  women  by  appearances, 

That  paint  and  patch  their  imperfections 

Of  intellectual  complexions. 

And  daub  their  tempers  o'er  with  washes 

As  artificial  as  their  faces  ;  730 

Wear  under  vizard-masks  '  their  talents 

And  mother-wits  before  their  gallants  ; 

'  Nicholas  Monardes,  a  physician  of  Seville,  who  died  1577,  tells  us,  that 
this  disease  was  supposed  to  have  been  brought  into  Europe  at  the  siege  of 
Naples,  from  the  West  Indies,  by  some  of  Columbus's  sailors  who  accom- 
panied him  to  Naples,  on  his  return  from  his  first  voyage  in  1493.  'When 
pi.'ace  was  there  made  between  the  French  and  Spaniards,  the  armies  of  both 
nations  had  free  intercourse,  and  conversing  with  the  same  women  were  in- 
1'i'Cted  by  this  disorder.  The  Spaniards  thought  they  had  received  the 
contagion  from  the  French,  and  the  French  maintained  that  it  had  been 
communicated  to  them  by  the  Spaniards.  Guicciardini,  at  the  end  of  his 
second  book  of  the  History  of  Italy,  dates  the  origin  of  this  distemper  in 
Europe,  at  the  year  149.5.  But  Dr  Gascoigne,  as  quoted  by  Anthony 
Wood,  says  he  knew  several  persons  who  had  died  of  it  in  his  time,  that 
is,  before  1457,  in  which  year  his  will  was  proved.  Indeed,  after  all  the 
pains  which  have  been  taken  by  inquisitive  writers  to  prove  that  this  disease 
was  brought  from  America,  or  the  West  Indies,  the  fact  is  not  sufficiently 
established.  Perhaps  it  was  generated  in  Guinea,  or  some  other  equinoctial 
part  of  Africa.  Astruc,  who  wrote  the  History  of  Diseases,  says  it  was  brought 
tVom  the  West  Indies,  between  the  years  1494  and  1496.  In  the  earliest 
printed  book  on  the  subject,  Leonicenus  de  Epidemia  quam  Itali  Morbem 
Gallictwi,  Gain  vero  Neapolitanuni  vacant,  Venet.  Aldi,  1497,  the  disease 
is  said  to  have  been  till  then  unknown  in  Perrara. 

-  Alluding  to  the  words  of  the  marriage  ceremony :  so  in  the  following 
Unes, 

— with  their  bodies  bound 
To  worship. 

'  Masks  were  introduced  at  the  Restoration,  and  were  then  worn  as  i 


CANTO    I.l  nODIBUAS.  295 

Until  they're  hamper'd  in  the  noose, 

Too  fast  to  dream  of  breaking  loose  : 

When  all  the  flaws  they  strove  to  hide  73S 

Are  made  unready  with  the  bride. 

That  with  her  wedJing-clothes  undresses 

Her  complaisance  and  getitilesses  ; 

Tries  all  her  arts  to  take  upon  her 

The  government,  from  th'  easy  owner  ;  7*0 

Until  the  wTetch  is  plad  to  \va\e 

His  lawful  right,  and  turn  her  slave; 

Finds  all  his  having  and  his  holding 

Keduc'd  t'  eternal  noise  and  scolding ; 

The  conjugal  petard,  t!u\t  tears  74S 

Down  ail  portcullices  of  ears,' 

And  makes  the  volley  of  one  tongue 

For  all  their  leathern  shields  too  strong ; 

When  only  arm'd  with  noise  and  nails, 

The  female  silkworms  ride  the  males,'^  76C 

Transform  'em  into  rams  and  goats, 

Like  syrens,  with  their  charming  notes;' 

Sweet  as  a  screech-owl's  serenade. 

Or  those  enchanting  murmurs  made 

By  th'  husband  mandrake,  and  the  wife,  765 

Both  buried,  like  themselves,  alive.* 

Quoth  he,  these  reasons  are  but  strains 
Of  wanton,  over-heated  brains, 

distinctiTe  sign  by  the  gay  ladies  of  the  theatre.  Afterwards  the  use  of 
them  became  more  general. 

'  The  poet  humorously  compares  the  noise  and  clamour  of  a  scolding  wife, 
which  breaks  the  drum  of  her  husband's  ears,  to  the  petard,  or  short  cannon, 
used  for  beating  down  the  gates  of  a  castle. 

»  This  was  one  of  the  early  beliefs  respecting  the  silkworm.  See  Edward 
Williams'  Virginia's  richly  valued,  Lond.  1650,  p.  26. 

3  The  Sirens,  according  to  the  poet.s,  were  three  sea-monsters,  half 
women  and  half  fish  ;  their  names  were  Parthenope,  Ligca,  and  Lcucosia 
Their  usual  residence  was  about  the  island  of  Sicily,  where,  by  the  charm- 
ing melody  of  their  voices,  they  used  to  detain  those  that  heard  them,  and 
then  transformed  them  into  some  scirt  of  brute  animals. 

•  Ancient  botanists  entertained  various  conceits  about  this  plant ;  in  its 
forked  roots  they  discovered  the  shapes  of  men  and  women  ;  and  the  sound 
whith  proceeded  from  its  strong  hbres  when  strained  or  torn  from  the 
ground,  they  took  for  the  voice  of  a  human  being  ;  sometimes  they  im- 
agined that  they  had  distinctly  heard  their  conversation.  The  poet  takes 
the  liberty  of  enlarging  upon  those  hints,  and  represents  the   mandrakt 


296  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET  III. 

Which  ralliers  in  their  wit  or  drink 

Do  rather  wheedle  with,  than  think.  yao 

Man  was  not  man  in  paradise, 

Until  he  was  created  twice, 

And  had  his  better  half,  his  bride, 

Carv'd  from  th'  original,  his  side,' 

T'  amend  his  natural  defects,  765 

And  perfect  his  recruited  sex  ; 

Enlarge  his  breed,  at  once,  and  lessen 

The  pains  and  labour  of  increasing, 

Bj  changing  them  for  other  cares, 

As  by  his  dried-up  paps  appears.  770 

His  body,  that  stupendous  frame. 

Of  all  the  world  the  anagram,^ 

Is  of  two  equal  parts  compact. 

In  shape  and  symmetry  exact, 

Of  which  the  left  and  female  side  775 

Is  to  the  manly  right  a  bride,* 
husband  and  wife  quarrelling  under  ground  ;  a  situation,  he  says,  not  more 
uncomfortable  tban  that  of  a  married  pair  continually  at  variance,  since 
these,  if  not  in  fact  buried  alive,  are  so  virtually. 
'  Thus  Cleveland  : 

Adam,  'till  his  rib  was  lost, 
Had  the  sexes  thus  engrost. 
When  Providence  our  sire  did  cleave. 
And  out  of  Adam  carved  Eve, 
Then  did  man  'bout  wedlock  treat, 
To  make  his  body  up  complete. 
2  Anagram  means  a  transposition  of  the  letters  of  a  word  by  which  a 
new  meaning  is  extracted  from  it ;   as  in  Dr  Burney's  well-known  anaoram 
of  Horatio  Nelson— Honor  est  a  Nilo.     Man  is  often  called  the  microcosm 
or  world  in  miniature,  and  it  is  in  this  sense  that  Butler  describes  him.      ' 
'  In  the  Symposium  of  Plato,  Aristophanes,  one  of  the  dialogists,  relates, 
that  the  liunian  species,  at  its  original  formation,  consisted  not  only  of  males 
and  lemales,  but  of  a  third  kind,  combining  both  sexes  in  one.    This  last 
species.  It  is  said,  having  rebelled  against  Jupiter,  was,  by  way  of  punish- 
ment, completely  divided  ;  whence  the  strong  propensity  which  inclines  the 
separate  parts  to  a  reunion,  and  the  assumed  origin  of  love.    And  since  it  is 
hardly   possible  that  the   dissevered  moieties   should   stumble  u])on  each 
ather,  alter  they  have  wandered  about  the  earth,  we  may,  upon  the  same 
livpothesis,  account  for  the  number  of  unhappv  and  disproportionate  matches 
which  men  daily  encounter,  by  saying  that  they  mistake  their  proper  halves. 
Moore  makes  a  ha)ipy  use  of  this  notion  in  speaking  of  ballad  music  before 
It  IS  wedded  to  poetry  :   '•  A  pretty  air  without  words  resembles  one  of  those 
Aa(r  creatures  of  Plato,  which  arc  described  as  wandering  in  search  of  thfl 
remainder  of  themselves  through  the  world."— .Yoiionoi  Aira 


OAHTO    I.]  HUDIBEA8.  297 

Both  join'd  together  with  such  art, 

Tl\!it  nothing  else  but  deatli  can  part. 

Tliose  lieav'nr  attracts  of  yours,  your  ejea, 

And  face,  that  all  the  world  surprise,  78o 

That  dazzle  all  that  look  upon  j'e, 

And  scorch  all  other  ladies  tawny  : 

Those  ravish, ng  and  charming  graces. 

Are  all  made  uji  of  two  half  faces 

That,  in  a  mat  hematic  line,  785 

Like  those  in  other  heavens,  join  ;' 

Of  which,  if  either  gi'ew  alone, 

'Twould  fright  as  much  to  look  upon  : 

And  so  would  that  sweet  bud,  your  lip, 

AVithout  the  other's  fellowship".  ygo 

Our  noblest  senses  act  by  pairs. 

Two  eyes  to  see,  to  bear  two  ears  ; 

Tb'  intelligencers  of  the  mind, 

To  wait  upon  the  soul  desigu'd  : 

But  those  that  serve  the  body  alone,  795 

Are  single  and  coufin'd  to  one. 

The  world  is  but  two  parts,  that  meet 

And  close  at  th'  equinoctial  fit ; 

And  so  are  all  the  works  of  nature, 

Stanip'd  with  her  signature  on  matter;  800 

Wiiich  all  her  creatures,  to  a  leaf. 

Or  smallest  blade  of  grass,  receive.* 

All  which  sufficiently  declare 

How  entirely  marriage  is  her  care, 

The  only  method  that  she  uses,  806 

In  all  the  wonders  slie  |)rodnces ; 

And  those  that  take  their  rules  from  her 

Can  never  be  deceu'd.  nor  err: 

For  what  secures  the  civil  life. 

But  ])awns  of  children,  and  a  wife  ?  '  810 

That  lie,  like  hostages,  at  stake, 

To  pay  for  all  men  undertake  ; 

'  That  is,  that  join  inseixiMv  in  an  i'lipcn  optitiUline,  like  the  imaginarv 
inosof  mathcmalioians.     Ot/irr  heavent,  tliut  is,  the  rial  hfavens. 

'  AlluilinfT  ti)  the  sexual  laws  of  nature,  is  typified  in  plants  doTni  t« 
the  STQallest  forms. 

•  See  Lord  Bacon's  Es-say,  Xo.  \iii. 


2&8  arDiBRAS,  [i>aet  hi. 

To  whom  it  is  as  necessary 

As  to  be  born  and  breathe,  to  marry  ; 

So  universal,  all  mankind  815 

In  nothing  else  is  of  one  mind  : 

For  in  what  stupid  age,  or  nation, 

"Was  marriage  ever  out  of  fashion  ? 

Unless  among  the  Amazons,' 

Or  cloister'd  friars  and  vestal  nuns,  820 

Or  Stoics,  who,  to  bar  the  freaks 

And  loose  excesses  of  the  sex, 

Prepost'rously  would  have  all  women 

Turn'd  up  to  all  the  world  in  common  ;' 

Tho'  men  would  find  such  mortal  feuds  826 

In  sharing  of  their  public  goods, 

'Twould  put  them  to  more  charge  of  lives, 

Than  they're  supply'd  with  now  by  wives  ; 

Until  they  graze,  and  wear  their  clothes, 

As  beasts"  do,  of  their  native  growths  :  ^  830 

For  simple  wearing  of  their  horns 

Will  not  suffice  to  serve  their  turns. 

For  what  can  we  pretend  t'  inherit,  _ 

Unless  the  marriage  deed  will  bear  it  ? 

Could  claim  no  right  to  lands  or  rents,  836 

But  for  our  parents'  settlements  ; 

Had  been  but  younger  sons  o'  th'  earth, 

Debarr'd  it  all,  but  for  our  birth.'' 

"What  honours,  or  estates  of  peers, 

Could  be  preserv'd  but  by  their  heirs  ?  840 

And  what  security  maintains 

Their  right  and  title,  but  the  banns  ? 

1  The  Amazons,  according  to  the  old  mythological  stories,  avoided  mar- 
riage and  permitted  no  men  to  live  amongst  them,  nevertheless  held  periodi- 
cal intercourse  with  them.     The  vestals  were  under  a  vow  oi  perpetual 

"  2^  Dio'o-enes  asserted  that  marriage  was  nothing  hut  an  empty  name.  And 
Zeno,  the  father  of  the  Stoics,  maintained  that  all  women  ought  to  be  com- 
mon, that  no  words  were  obscene,  and  no  parts  of  the  body  need  be  covered 

»  i.  e  such  intercommunity  of  women  would  be  productive  of  the  worst 
consequences,  unless  mankiud  were  reduced  to  the  most  barbarous  state  ol 
nature,  and  men  became  altogether  brutes.  .  . 

«  If  there  had  been  no  matrimony,  we  should  have  had  no  provision 
made  for  us  by  our  forefathers;  but,  like  younger  children  of  our  pnmitiv) 
parent  the  earth,  should  have  been  excluded  from  every  possession. 


OAICTO   1.]  HUDIBRAS.  299 

What  crowns  could  be  hereditary, 

If  greatest  nionari.'hs  did  not  marrv, 

And  with  their  consorts  consummate  84S 

Their  weightiest  interests  of  state  ? 

For  all  th'  amours  of  princes  are 

But  guarantees  of  peace  or  war. 

Or  what  but  marriage  has  a  charm, 

'Iho  rage  of  empires  to  disarm  ?  860 

Make  blood  and  desolation  cease, 

And  fire  and  sword  unite  in  peace, 

When  all  their  fierce  contests  for  forage 

Conclude  in  articles  of  marriage  ? 

Nor  does  the  genial  bed  provide  865 

Less  for  the  int'rests  of  tlie  bride, 

Who  else  had  not  the  least  pretence 

T'  as  much  as  due  benevolence  ; 

Could  no  more  title  take  upon  her 

To  virtue,  quality,  and  honour,  860 

Than  ladies  errant,  uncontin'd. 

And  femme-coverts  to  all  mankind. 

All  women  would  be  of  one  piece, 

The  virtuous  matron,  and  the  miss  ; 

The  nymphs  of  chaste  Diana's  train  865 

The  same  with  those  in  Lewkner's-lane,' 

But  for  the  difTrence  marriage  makes 

'Twixt  wives  and  Ladies  of  the  Lakes:* 

Besides,  the  joys  of  place  and  birth, 

Tlie  sex's  paradise  on  earth,'  870 

A  privilege  so  sacred  held. 

That  none  will  to  their  mothers  yield ; 

'  Charlcs-strcet,  Drury-lane,  inhabited  chiefly  by  strumpets. 
'  Meaning  ladies  of  pleasure.     The  Ladv  of  the  Lake  was  represented 
in  some  of  the  old  romances  as  a  mistress  of  king  Arthur. 
'  Thus  Mr  Pope  : 

For  sylphs,  yet  mindful  of  their  ancient  race. 
Are,  as  when  women,  wcnd'rous  fond  of  place. 

Our  poet,  though  vindicating  the  1  idi  -s  and  the  happy  state  of  matrimony, 
cannot  help  introducing  this  stroke  c  satire  :  Bastards  have  no  place,  <M 
rank. 


300  firDIBBASi  [PABT  UI. 

But  ratlier  than  not  go  before, 

Abandon  heaven  at  the  door  -.^ 

And  if  th'  indulgent  law  allows  875 

A  greater  freedom  to  the  spouse, 

The  reason  is,  because  the  wife 

Euns  greater  hazards  of  her  life ; 

Is  trusted  with  the  form  and  matter 

Of  all  nuinkind,  by  careful  nature,  88J 

Where  man  brings  nothing  but  the  stuff 

She  frames  the  wond'rous  fabric  of; 

Who  therefore,  in  a  strait,  may  freely 

Demand  the  clergy  of  her  belly,^ 

And  make  it  save  her  the  same  way,  885 

It  seldom  misses  to  betray ; 

Unless  both  parties  wisely  enter 

Into  the  liturgy-indenture.' 

And  tho'  some  fits  of  small  contest 

Sometimes  fall  out  among  the  best,  890 

That  is  no  more  than  ev'ry  lover 

Does  from  his  hackney  lady  suffer ; 

That  makes  no  breach  of  faith  and  love, 

But  rather,  sometimes,  serves  t'improve ; 

For  as,  in  running,  ev'ry  pace  895 

Is  but  between  two  legs  a  race, 

In  which  both  do  their  uttermost 

To  get  before,  and  win  the  post ; 

Tet  when  they're  at  their  race's  ends. 

They're  still  as  kind  and  constant  friends,  900 

And,  to  relieve  their  weariness, 

By  turns  give  one  another  ease ; 

'  That  is,  will  not  even  ^o  to  church  if  thev  have  not  their  right  of  pre- 
cedence.    Chaucer  says  of  the  wife  of  Bath,  451 : 

In  all  the  parish  wif  ne  was  there  non, 
That  to  the  offring  before  hire  shulde  gon, 
And  if  ther  did,  certain  so  wroth  was  she, 
That  she  was  out  of  alle  charitee. 

'  Meaning  benefit  of  clergy,  on  account  of  pregnancy.  See  note  on  line 
522,  at  page  286. 

•  This  alludes  to  the  form  enjoined  in  the  Directory,  when  it  was  eon- 
trary  to  law  to  be  married  by  the  service  in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 


CASTO   I.]  HUDIBRAS.  301 

So  all  those  false  alarms  of  strife 

Between  the  husband  and  the  wife, 

And  little  quarrels,  often  prove  803 

To  he  but  new  recruits  of  love  ; ' 

AVheu  those  who're  al\va_ys  kind  or  coy,' 

In  time  must  either  tire  or  cloy. 

Nor  are  their  loudest  clamours  more 

Than  as  they're  relish'd,  sweet  or  sour ;  910 

Like  music,  that  proves  bad  or  good, 

According  as  'tis  understood. 

In  all  amours  a  lover  bums 

"With  frowns,  as  well  as  smiles,  by  turns  ; 

And  hearts  have  been  as  oft  with  sullen,  916 

As  charming  looks,  surpris'd  and  stolen  : 

Then  why  should  more  bewitching  clamour 

Some  lovers  not  as  m\ich  enamour  ? 

For  discords  make  the  sweetest  airs, 

And  curses  are  a  kind  of  pray'rs  ;  920 

Too  slight  alloys  for  all  those  grand 

Felicities  by  marriage  gain'd : 

For  nothing  else  lias  pow'r  to  settle 

Th'  interests  of  love  perpetual ; 

An  act  and  deed  that  makes  one  heart  925 

Become  another's  counter-part, 

And  passes  fines  on  faith  and  love,* 

Inroll'd  and  register'd  above, 

To  seal  the  slippery  knots  of  vows. 

Which  nothing  else  but  death  can  loose.  930 

And  what  security's  too  strong 

To  guard  that  gentle  heart  from  wrong, 

That  to  its  friend  is  glad  to  pass 

Itself  away,  and  all  it  has, 

'  So  Terence.    The  quarrels  of  lovers  arc  the  rencval  of  love,     .\iidria 
III.  3. 

2  Coy,  or  Coye,  is  used  here  in   the  sense  of  toying  or  fondling.     So 
Shakspeare, 

"  Come,  sit  thee  down  upon  this  fli>wcry  bed, 
While  I  thy  amiable  chock  do  coy." 

Jlids.  X.  D.  Act  iv,  sc.  1. 
But  see  Wright's  Glossary  aub  toce. 

'  That  ia,  makes  them  irrevocable,  and  secures  the  title  ;  as  passing  a  fio« 
in  lair  does  a  conveyance  or  scltlcment. 


302  HUDIBEA8.  [PAET   III. 

And,  like  an  anchorite,  gives  over  835 

This  world,  for  th'  heav'n  of  a  lover  ? ' 

I  grant,  quoth  she,  there  are  some  few 
Who  take  that  course,  and  lind  it  true; 
But  millions,  whom  the  same  does  sentence 
To  heav'n  b'  another  way,  jepentance.  940 

Love's  arrows  are  but  shot  at  rovers,* 
The'  all  they  hit  they  turn  to  lovers, 
And  all  the  weigiity  consequents 
Depend  upon  more  blind  events 
Than  gamesters  when  they  play  a  set,  645 

With  greatest  cunning,  at  piquet, 
Put  out  with  caution,  but  take  in 
They  know  not  what,  unsight,  unseen. 
For  what  do  lovers,  when  they're  fast 
In  one  another's  arms  embrac'd,  950 

But  strive  to  plunder,  and  convey 
Each  other,  like  a  prize,  away  ? 
To  change  the  property  of  selves. 
As  sucking  children  are  by  elves  ?^ 
And  if  they  use  their  persons  so,  966 

What  will  they  to  their  fortunes  do  ? 
Their  fortunes  !  the  perpetual  aims 
Of  all  their  extasies  and  flames. 
Tor  when  the  money's  on  the  book. 
And  "all  my  worldly  goods" — but  spoke,*  960 

The  formal  livery  and  seisin 
That  puts  a  lover  in  possession. 
To  that  alone  the  bridegroom's  wedded. 
The  bride  a  flam  that's  superseded  ; 
To  that  their  faith  is  stiU  made  good,  965 

And  all  the  oaths  to  us  they  vow'd  ; 

'  Id  this  speech  the  Knight  makes  amends  for  previous  uncourteousness, 
and  defends  the  ladies  and  the  married  state  with  great  gallantry,  wit,  and 
good  sense. 

'  That  is,  shot  at  random,  not  at  a  target. 

'  The  fairies  were  believed  to  be  capable  of  exchanging  infants  in  the 
cradle  for  some  of  their  own  "Elfin  brood,"  or  for  the  childi'en  of  other 
parents.     See  Keightlcy's  Fairy  Mythology. 

'  Alluding  to  the  form  of  marriage  in  the  Common  Prayer  Book,  where 
the  fee  is  directed  to  be  put  upon  the  book  with  the  wedding-ring,  and  the 
bridegroum  endows  the  bride  with  all  his  worldly  goods. 


CAS  TO    I.]  HUDIBRA8. 

For  when  we  once  resign  our  pow'rs, 

We've  nothing  loft  we  can  call  ours : 

Our  money's  now  become  the  miss 

Ot'all  your  lives  and  services;  jfO 

And  we  forsaken  and  postpon'd, 

But  bawds  to  what  before  we  own'd  ; 

Which,  as  it  made  y'  at  hi-st  gallant  us, 

So  now  hires  others  to  su])plant  us, 

Until  'tis  all  turn'd  out  of  doors,  975 

As  we  had  been,  for  new  amours. 

For  what  did  ever  heiress  yet 

By  being  born  to  lordships  get  ? 

When  the  more  lady  she's  of  manors, 

She's  but  expos'd  to  more  trepanners,  880 

Pays  for  their  projects  and  designs. 

And  for  her  own  destruction  fines  ;  ' 

And  does  but  tempt  them  with  her  riches, 

To  use  her  as  the  dev'l  does  witches, 

Who  takes  it  for  a  special  grace,  965 

To  be  tlicir  cully  for  a  space, 

That,  when  the  time's  expir'd,  the  drazels' 

For  ever  may  become  his  vassals : 

So  she,  bewitch'd  by  rooks  and  spirits, 

Betrays  herself  and  all  sh'  inherits ;  990 

Is  bought  and  sold,  like  stolen  goods. 

By  pimps,  and  match-makei's,  and  bawds; 

Until  they  force  her  to  con\ey 

And  steal  the  thief  himself  away. 

These  are  the  everlasting  fruits  99c 

Of  all  your  passionate  love-suits, 

Th'  eft'ects  of  all  your  am'rous  fancies, 

To  portions  and  inheritances  ; 

Tour  love-sick  raptures  for  fruition 

Of  dowry,  jointure,  and  tuition  ;  KOo 

To  which  you  make  address  and  courtship, 

And  with  your  bodies  strive  to  worship, 

'  Finrs,  sipnifios  pat/a;  iinplyinfr  that  her  wraith,  by  exposing  her  to  tlit 
inircs  of  fortune-himttrs,  may  be  the  cause  of  h(  r  destruction. 
'  The  sluts  or  draggle-tails.     Sec  'Wriglifs  Provincial  Dictionary. 


304  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET    III. 

That  th'  infant's  fortunes  may  partake 

Of  love  too,'  for  the  mother's  sake. 

For  these  you  play  at  purposes,  1005 

And  love  your  loves  with  A's  and  B's ;' 

For  these,  at  Beast  and  I'Ombre  woo,' 

And  play  for  love  and  money  too  ;■• 

Strive  who  shall  be  the  ablest  man 

At  right  gallanting  of  a  fan  ;  lOlo 

And  who  the  most  genteelly  bred 

At  sucking  of  a  vizard-bead  ;^ 

How  best  t'  accost  us  in  all  quarters, 

T'  our  Question  and  Command  new  garters  ;* 

And  solidly  discourse  upon  1015 

All  sorts  of  dresses  2}ro  and  con  : 

For  there's  no  mystery  nor  trade. 

But  in  the  art  of  love  is  madeJ 

'  That  is,  the  widow's  children  by  a  former  husband,  who  are  under  age ; 
to  whom  the  lover  would  willingly  be  guardian,  to  have  the  management  of 
the  jointure. 

^  This  is  still  imposed  at  forfeits.     But  see  Pepys's  Diary. 

'  Fashionable  games  much  in  vogue  in  the  time  of  Chai-les  II.  Ombre 
was  introduced  at  the  Restoration.  Beast,  or  Angel-beast,  was  similar  to 
Loo.  "  I  love  my  l"vi>  with  an  A,"  was  one  of  tlie  favourite  amusements 
at  AVhitehall.  Pc'|)ys  tells  us  that  he  once  found  the  Duke  and  Duchess 
of  York,  with  all  the  great  ladies  at  Whitehall,  "  sitting  upon  a  carpet  upon 
the  ground,  there  being  no  chairs,  plajnng  at '  I  love  my  love  with  an  A, 
because  he  is  so  and  so;  and  I  hate  him  with  an  A,  because  of  thi.s  and 
that; '  and  some  of  them,  particularly  the  Duchess  herself,  and  my  Lady 
Castlemaine,  were  very  witty." 

*  The  widow,  in  these  and  the  following  lines,  gives  no  bad  sketch  of  a 
person  who  endeavours  to  retrieve  his  circumstances  by  marriage,  and 
practises  every  method  in  his  power  to  recommend  himself  to  his  rich  mis- 
tress :  he  plays  with  her  at  Questions  and  Commands,  endeavours  to  divert 
her  with  cards,  puts  himself  in  masquerade,  flirts  her  fan,  talks  of  flames 
and  darts,  aches  and  sufferings ;  which  last,  the  poet  intimates,  might  more 
justly  be  attributed  to  other  causes. 

*  Masks  were  kept  close  to  the  face,  by  a  bead  fixed  to  the  inside  of 
them,  and  held  in  the  mouth,  when  the  lady's  hands  were  otherwise  em- 
ployed. 

'  At  the  vulgar  play  of  Questions  and  Commands,  a  forfeit  was  often 
to  take  oS'  a  lady's  garter  :  expecting  this  therefore  the  lady  provided  bor- 
lelf  with  new  ones. 

'  That  is,  made  use  of,  or  practised. 


OJkSfO  i.]  STTDIliBAS  305 

And  when  you  have  more  debts  to  pay 

Than  Jlichaelmaa  and  Lady-day,'  luao 

And  no  way  possible  to  do  't 

But  love  and  oaths,  and  restless  suit, 

To  us  y'  apply,  to  pay  the  scores 

Of  all  your  cully'd  past  amours ; 

Act  o'er  your  flames  and  darts  again,  1026 

And  charge  us  with  your  wounds  and  paio ; 

Which  others'  influences  long  since 

Have  charm'd  your  noses  with,  and  shias ; 

For  which  the  surgeon  is  unpaid, 

And  like  to  be,  without  our  aid.  JOSO 

Lord !  what  an  am'rous  thing  is  want ! 

How  debts  and  mortgages  enchant ! 

What  graces  must  that  lady  have, 

That  can  from  executions  save ! 

What  charms,  that  can  reverse  extent,  103S 

And  null  degree  and  exigent ! 

What  magical  attracts,  and  graces, 

That  can  redeem  from  scire  facias  !^ 

From  bonds  and  statutes  can  discharge, 

And  from  contempts  of  courts  enlarge !  1040 

These  are  the  highest  excellencies 

Of  all  your  true  or  false  pretences  ; 

And  you  would  damn  yourselves  and  swear 

As  much  t'  an  hostess  dowager. 

Grown  fat  and  pursy  by  retail  104S 

Of  pots  of  beer  and  bottled  ale, 

And  find  her  fitter  for  your  turn, 

For  fat  is  wondrous  apt  to  bum  ; 

Who  at  your  flames  would  soon  take  fire. 

Relent,  and  melt  to  your  desire,  1050 

'  These  are  the  two  principal  rent  days  in  the  year :  unsatisfactory  to 
the  landlord,  when  his  outj;oin<^9  exceed  his  incomings. 

'  Here  the  poet  shows  his  knowledge  of  the  law,  and  law  terms,  which 
he  always  uses  with  great  propriety.  Execution  is  obtaining  possession  of 
anrthing  recovered  hy  judgment  of  law.  Extent  is  a  writ  of  execution  at  the 
sui't  of  the  crown,  which  extends  over  all  the  defendant's  lands  and  other  pro- 
perty, in  order  to  satisfy  a  bond,  engagement,  or  forfeit.  Exigent  is  s  writ 
requiring  a  person  to  appear ;  and  lies  where  the  defendant  In  an  action  can- 
not personally  be  found,  or  on  anything  of  his  in  the  country,  whereby  he  may 
he  distrained.     Scire  facial  is  a  writ  to  enforce  the  execution  of  judgment. 

X 


S06  HTJDIBEAS.  [PAET   III. 

And  like  a  candle  in  the  socket, 
Dissolves  her  graces  itit'  your  pocket. 

By  this  time  'twas  grown  dark  and  late, 
When  th'  heard  a  knocking  at  the  gate 
Laid  on  in  haste,  with  such  a  powder,'  1065 

The  blows  grew  louder  and  still  louder : 
"Which  Hudibras,  as  if  they  'd  been 
Bestow'd  as  freely  on  his  skin, 
Expounding  hy  his  Inward  Light, 
Or  rather  more  prophetic  fright,  1060 

To  be  the  wizard,  come  to  search. 
And  take  him  napping  iu  the  Imxh, 
Turn'd  pale  as  ashes,  or  a  clout ; 
But  why,  or  wherefore,  is  a  doubt : 
For  men  wiU  tremble,  and  turn  paler,  1065 

With  too  much,  or  too  little  valour. 
His  heart  laid  on,  as  if  it  tried 
To  force  a  passage  through  his  side, 
Impatient,  as  he  vow'd,  to  wait  'em  ; 
But  in  a  fury  to  fly  at  'em ;  1070 

And  therefore  beat,  and  laid  about, 
To  find  a  cranny  to  creep  out. 
But  she,  who  saw  in  what  a  taking 
The  Knight  was  by  his  furious  quaking. 
Undaunted  cry'd.  Courage,  Sir  Knight,  1075 

Know  I'm  resolv'd  to  break  no  rite 
Of  hospitality  t'  a  stranger  ; 
But,  to  secure  you  out  of  danger, 
Will  here  myself  stand  sentinel, 

To  guard  this  pass  'gainst  Sidrophel :  1080 

Women,  you  know,  do  seldom  fail, 
To  make  the  stoutest  men  tui-n  tail. 
And  bravely  scorn  to  turn  their  backs. 
Upon  the  desp'ratest  attacks. 

At  this  the  Kniglit  grew  resolute,  1085 

As  Ironside,  or  Hardiknute  :  * 


'  Haste,  bustle.    Wright's  Provincial  Dictionary. 

'  Two  princes  celebrated  for  tbeir  valour  in  the  11th  century.  The 
former  the  predecessor,  the  latter  the  son  and  successor  of  Canute  th« 
Gieat 


CA5T0   I."l  HUDIBBA8.  307 

His  fortitude  begau  to  rally, 

And  out  he  cry'd  aloud,  to  sally  ; 

But  she  besought  him  to  convey 

His  courage  rather  out  o'  th'  way,  1U90 

And  lodge  in  ambush  out  of  the  floor, 

Or  fortified  behind  a  door, 

That,  if  the  enemy  should  enter, 

He  might  relieve  her  in  th'  adventure. 

Meanwhile  they  knoek'd  against  the  door  1095 

As  fierce  as  at  the  gate  before ; 
Which  made  the  renegado  Knight 
Eelapse  again  t'  his  former  fright. 
He  thought  it  desperate  to  stay 

Till  the  enemy  had  forc'd  his  way,  HOC 

But  rather  post  himself  to  serve 
The  lady  for  a  fresh  reserve. 
His  duty  was  not  to  dispute. 
But  what  she  'd  order'd  execute  ; 
AVhich  he  resolv'd  in  haste  t'  obey,  1106 

And  therefore  stoutly  march'd  away, 
And  all  h'  encounter'd  fell  upon, 
Tho'  in  the  dark,  and  all  alone : 
Till  fear,  that  braver  feats  performs 
Than  ever  courage  dar'd  in  arms,  1110 

Had  drawn  him  up  before  a  pass. 
To  stand  upon  his  guard,  and  face : 
This  he  courageously  invaded. 
And,  having  enter'd,  barricado'd ; 
Ensconc'd  himself  as  formidable  1115 

As  could  be  underneath  a  table  ; 
Where  he  lay  down  in  ambush  close, 
T'  expect  th'  arrival  of  his  foes. 
Few  minutes  he  had  lain  perdue. 
To  guard  his  desp'rate  avenue,  1120 

Before  he  heard  a  dreadful  shout. 
As  loud  as  putting  to  the  rout, 
With  which  impatiently  alarm' d, 
He  fancied  th'  enemy  had  storm'd, 
And  after  ent'ring,  Sidrophel  IIM 

Was  fall'n  upon  the  guards  pell-mell  j 
s  2 


808  HUDIBEA8.  [PAET   HI. 

He  therefore  sent  out  all  his  senses 

To  bring  him  in.  intelligences, 

Which  vulgars,  out  of  ignorance. 

Mistake  for  falling  in  a  trance ;  1130 

But  those  that  trade  in  geomancy,'- 

Affirm  to  be  the  strength  of  fancy  ;; 

In  which  the  Lapland  magi  deal,^ 

And  things  incredible  reveal. 

Meanwhile  the  foe  beat  up  his  quarters,  1135 

And  storm' d  the  outworks  of  his  fortress; 

And  as  another  of  the  same 

Degree  and  party,  in  arms  and  fame, 

That  in  the  same  cause  had  engag'd 

And  war  with  equal  conduct  wag'd,  1140 

By  veut'ring  only  but  to  thrust 

His  head  a  span  beyond  his  post, 

B'  a  gen'ral  of  the  cavaliers 

Was  dragg'd  thro'  a  window  by  the  ears :  * 

So  he  was  serv'd  in  his  redoubt,  II45 

And  by  the  other  endpull'd  out. 

Soon  as  they  had  him  at  their  mercy, 
They  put  him  to  the  cudgel  fiercely, 
As  if  they  scorn'd  to  trade  and  barter, 
By  giving,  or  by  taking  quarter :  1150 

They  stoutly  on  his  quarters  laid. 
Until  his  scouts  came  in  t'  his  aid : 
For  when  a  man  is  past  his  sense. 
There's  no  way  to  reduce  him  thence^ 
But  twingeing  him  by  th'  ears  or  nose,  1155 

Or  laying  on  of  heavy  blows  : 

'  A  sort  of  divination  by  circles  and  pricks  in  the  earth ;  used  here  for 
any  sort  of  conjuring.     The  Knight's  trance  was  a  swoon  through  fear. 

-  Lapland,  on  account  of  its  remaining  pagan  so  long,  was  celebrated 
through  the  rest  of  Europe  as  the  country  of  magicians  and  witches.  They 
are  reputed  to  have  obtained  the:  revelations  necessary  to  making  their  pic- 
dictions  during  trances. 

'  This  circumstance  happened  to  Sir  Richard  Philips,  of  Picton  Castle, 
.n  Pembrokeshire.  The  Cavaliers,  commanded  by  Colonel  Egertun,  at- 
tacked this  place,  and  demanded  a  parley.  Sir  Richard  consented ,  an.l, 
being  a  little  man,  stepped  upon  a  bench,  and  showfi  himself  at  one  jf 
the  windows.  The  coloiu'l,  who  was  bi^li  in,  stature,  sat  on  horseback 
underneath ;  and  pretending  to  be  duaf,  desired  the  other  to  come  as  neai 


OAWTO  t]  httdibhab.  909 

And  if  that  will  not  do  the  deed, 
To  burning  with  hot  irons  proceed.' 

No  sooner  was  he  come  t'  himself, 
But  on  his  neck  a  sturdy  elf  1160 

Clapp'd  in  a  trice  his  cloven  hoof, 
And  thus  attack'd  him  with  reproof : 

Mortal,  thou  art  betray'd  to  us 
B'  our  finend,  thy  evil  genius. 

Who  for  thy  horrid  peijuries,  IKS 

Thy  breach  of  faith,  and  turning  lies, 
The  brethren's  privilege  against 
The  wicked,  on  themselves,  the  saints, 
Has  here  thy  wretched  carcass  sent. 
For  just  revenge  and  punishment ;  1170 

WTiich  thou  hast  now  no  way  to  lessen, 
But  by  an  open,  free  confession  :  • 
For  if  we  catch  thee  failing  once, 
'Twill  fall  the  heavier  on  thy  bones. 

What  made  thee  venture  to  betray,  1176 

And  filch  the  lady's  heart  away. 
To  spirit  her  to  matrimony  ? — 

That  which  contracts  all  matches,  money. 
It  was  th'  enchantment  of  her  riches, 
That  made  m'  apply  t'  your  crony  witches;'         1180 
That  in  return  would  pay  th'  expense, 
ITie  wear  and  tear  of  conscience,* 
Which  I  could  have  patch'd  up,  and  tum'd. 
For  th'  hundredth  part  of  what  I  eam'd. 

Didflt  thou  not  lov«  her  then  ?    Speak  true.       1185 
No  more,  quoth  he,  than  I  love  you.— 

How  would' st  thou've  us'd  her,  and  her  money  ? 
First  tum'd  her  up  to  alimony  ;' 

him  as  he  could.  Sir  Richard  then  leaned  a  good  deal  from  the  window ; 
when  the  colonel  seized  him  by  the  ears,  and  drew  him  out.  Soon  after  the 
castle  surrendered. 

'  Alluding  to  the  ose  of  cautery  in  apoplexy. 

'  This  scene  is  imitated,  but  with  much  less  wit  and  learning,  in  a  poem 
called  Dunstable  Downs,  falsely  attributed  to  Butler. 

?  Tour  old  friends  and  companions. 

/•  The  Knight  confesses  that  he  would  have  sacrificed  his  cons(Scnt«  t« 
money  ;  in  reality,  he  had  rid  himself  of  it  long  before. 
I   *  To  provide  for  herself,  as  horses  do  when  they  are  turned  to  gras^ 
The  poet  might  possibly  intend  a  jeu  de  mot   Alimony  m  a  separate  main> 


310  HUDIBBAS.  [PAET   III. 

And  laid  her  dowry  out  in  law, 

To  null  her  jointure  with  a  flaw,  HOO 

Which  I  beforehand  had  agreed 

T'  have  put,  on  purpose,  in  the  deed. 

And  bar  her  widow' s-making-over 

T'  a  friend  in  trust,  or  private  lover. 

What  made  thee  pick  and  chuse  her  out  1195 

T'  employ  their  sorceries  about  ? — 

That  which  makes  gamesters  play  with  those 
Who  have  least  wit,  and  most  to  lose. 

But  didst  thou  scourge  thy  vessel  thus, 
As  thou  hast  damii'd  thyself  to  us  ? —  1200 

I  see  you  take  me  for  an  ass : 
'Tis  true,  I  thought  the  trick  would  pass 
Upon  a  woman  well  enough, 
As  't  has  been  often  found  by  proof; 
Whose  humours  are  not  to  be  won  1208 

But  when  they  are  impos'd  upon ; 
For  love  approves  of  aU  they  do 
That  stand  for  candidates,  and  woo. 

Why  didst  thou  forge  those  shameful  liea 
Of  bears  and  witches  in  disguise  ? —  1210 

That  is  no  more  than  authors  give 
The  rabble  credit  to  believe  ; 
A  trick  of  following  their  leaders, 
To  entertain  their  gentle  readers  ; 
And  we  have  now  no  other  way  1215 

Of  passing  all  we  do  or  say  ; 
Which,  when  'tis  natural  and  true, 
Will  be  believ'd  b'  a  very  few, 
Beside  the  danger  of  offence, 
The  fatal  enemy  of  sense.  1220 

Why  dost  thou  chuse  that  cursed  sin, 
Hypocrisy,  to  set  up  in  ? — 

Because  it  is  the  thriving'st  calling. 
The  only  saints'  bell  that  rings  all  in ; ' 

tenance  paid  by  the  husband  to  the  wife,  where  she  is  not  convicted  of 
adultery.  The  Earl  of  Stratford  relates  a  case  rather  worse  than  Hudibras 
intended  ; — Queen  Elizabeth  reprimanded  Stakeley  for  ill-using  his  wife,  to 
which  he  replied,  that  "  he  had  already  turned  her  into  her  petticoat,  and 
if  any  one  could  make  more  of  her,  they  might  take  her  for  him." 

'  The  small  bell,  which  rings  immediately  before  the  minister  begins  tk« 


OA.55TO    I.]  HTTDIBRAS  311 

In  which  all  churches  are  conceruM,  1223 

And  is  the  easiest  to  be  learu'd : 

For  uo  degrees,  unless  th'  emj)loy  it, 

Can  ever  gain  much,  or  enjoy  it. 

A  gift  that  is  not  ouly  able 

To  domineer  among  tlie  rabble,  1230 

But  by  the  laws  empower' d  to  rout, 

And  awe  the  greatest  that  stand  out ; 

"WTiich  few  hold  forth  against,  for  fear 

Their  hands  should  slip,  and  come  too  near ; 

For  no  sin  else,  among  the  saints,  123S 

Is  taught  so  tenderly  against. 

What  made  thee  break  thy  plighted  vows  .--^ 
That  which  makes  others  break  a  house, 
And  hang,  and  acorn  ye  all,  before 
Endure  the  plague  of  being  poor.  1241 

Quoth  he,  I  see  you  have  more  tricks 
Than  all  our  doating  politics. 
That  are  grown  old  and  out  of  fashion, 
Compar'd  with  your  new  Eeformation ; 
That  we  must  come  to  school  to  you,  1245 

To  learn  vour  more  refin'd  and  new. 

Quoth  he.  If  you  will  give  me  leave 
To  tell  you  what  I  now  perceive. 
You'll  find  yourself  an  arrant  chouse, 
If  y'  were  but  at  a  Meeting-house.  1260 

'Tis  true,  quoth  he,  we  ne'er  come  there, 
Because  w'  have  let  'em  out  by  th'  year.' 

Trulj',  quoth  he,  you  can't  imagine 
What  wond'rous  things  they  will  engage  in; 
That  as  your  fellow-fiends  in  heU  12SS 

Were  angels  all  before  they  fell, 
So  are  you  like  to  be  agen, 
Compar'd  with  th'  angels  of  us  men.* 

church  service,  is  called  the  sainU'  bell ;  and  when  the  clerk  has  rung  it 
he  Bayi!,  "  be  has  rung  all  in." 

'  'The  devils  are  here  looked  upon  as  landlords  of  Ae  meeting-houses. 
iince  the  tenants  of  them  were  known  to  be  so  diat>olirttl,  anil  to  hold  them 
by  no  good  title ;  but  as  it  wa^  uncertain  how  long  these  lawless  times 
would  last,  the  poet  makes  the  devils  let  them  only  by  the  year :  now  when 
anything  is  actually  let,  landlords  never  come  there,  that  is,  have  excluded 
themselves  fVom  all  right  to  the  use  of  the  premises. 

'  I  reacmber  an  old  attorney,  who  told  me,  a  little  before  his  death,  that 


312  HITDIBEAS.  fpABT   III 

Quoth  he,  I  am  resolv'd  to  be 
Thy  scholar  in  this  mystery ;  I26j 

And  therefore  first  desire  to  know 
Some  principles  on  which  you  go. 

What  makes  a  knave  a  child  of  God,' 
And  one  of  us  ?  '—A  livelihood. 

What  renders  beatiag  out  of  brains  i265 

And  murder,  godluiess  ?— Great  gains. 

What's  tender  conscience  ?— 'Tis  a  botfh 
That  wlU  not  bear  the  gentlest  touch ; 
But,  breaking  out,  dispatches  more 
Than  th'  epidemical'st  plague-sore.^  1270 

What  makes  y'  encroach  upon  our  trade, 
Ajid  damn  all  others  ? — To  be  paid. 

What's  orthodox  and  true  believing 
Against  a  conscience  ? — A  good  Uving.* 

What  makes  rebelling  against  kings  1275 

A  Good  Old  Cause  ? — Administ'riugs.* 

What  makes  all  doctrines  plain  and  clear  ?— 
About  two  hundred  pounds  a  year. 

And  that  which  was  prov'd  true  before. 
Prove  false  again  ?— Two  hundred  more.  '  1280 

he  had  been  reckoned  a  very  great  rascal,  and  beU?ved  he  was  so,  for  he  had 
done  many  roguish  and  infamous  things  in  his  profession  :  "  but  "  adds  he 
by  what  I  can  observe  of  the  rising  generation,  the  time  may  come,  and 
you  may  live  to  see  it,  when  I  shaU  be  accounted  a  very  honest  man,  in 
companson  with  those  attorneys  who  are  to  succeed  me."     Nash. 

A  banter  on  the  pamphlets  in  those  days,  under  the  name  and  form  of 
Catechisms :  Heylin's  Rebel's  Catechism,  Watson's  Cavalier's  Catechism, 
Kam  s  Soldier's  Catechism,  Parker's  Political  Catechism,  &c.  &c. 

Koth  Presbyterians  and  Independents  were  fond  of  saying  one  of,,,: 
that  IS   one  of  the  holy  brethren,  the  elect  number,  the  godly  party. 
«»  .^    '^'°?  '°T^*/  ^"""''  ^'''Sue  of  London,  in  1665,  which  destroved 
M,S8b  people.   Defoe  gives  a  very  graphic  and  painfully  interesting  account 

'  A  committee  was  appointed  November  11,  1646,  to  inquire  into  the 
value  of  all  church-Iivmgs,  in  order  to  plant  an  able  ministry,  as  was  pre- 
tended; but,  in  truth,  to  discover  the  best  and  fattest  benefices,  that  the 
Jttampions  of  the  cause  might  choose  for  themselves.  Whereof  some  had 
tnree  or  tour  a-piece ;  a  lack  being  pretended  of  competent  pastors.  When 
a  living  was  small,  the  church  doors  were  shut  up.  "I  could  name  an  as- 
sembly-man,  says  Sir  WilUam  Dugdale,  in  his  Short  View,  "  who  being 
told  by  an  eminent  person  that  a  certain  church  had  no  incumbent,  inquired 
the  value  of  it ;  and  receiving  for  answer  that  it  was  about  £50  a-year,  hi 
»aia.  It  It  he  no  better  worth,  no  godly  man  will  accept  it." 
— Admiuisterings.   See  P.  iii.  c.  ii.  v.  55. 


Ci.-mrt   T.]  HFDIBBA8.  813 

WTiat  makes  the  breaking  of  all  oatha 
A  holy  duty  ? — Food  and  clothes. 

What  laws  and  freedom,  persecution  ? — 
B'ing  out  of  power,  and  contribution. 

What  makes  a  church  a  den  of  thieves  ? —         1285 
A  dean  and  chapter,  and  white  sleeves.' 

And  what  would  serve,  if  those  were  gone, 
To  make  it  orthodox  ? — Our  own. 

What  makes  morality  a  crime,' 
The  most  notorious  of  the  time  ;  1290 

Morality,  which  both  the  saints 
And  wicked  too  cry  out  against  ?^ 

'Cause  grace  and  virtue  are  within 
Prohibited  degrees  of  kin  ; 

And  therefore  no  true  saint  allows  1296 

They  should  be  sutfer'd  to  espouse : 
For  saints  can  need  no  conscience. 
That  with  morality  dispense  ; 
As  virtue's  impious,  when  'tis  rooted 
In  nature  only,  'nd  not  imputed :  130O 

But  why  the  wicked  should  do  so. 
We  neither  know,  nor  care  to  do. 

What's  liberty  of  conscience, 
I'  th'  natural  and  genuine  sense  ? 

'Tis  to  restore,  with  more  security,  1306 

Eebellion  to  its  ancient  purity ; 
And  Christian  liberty  reduce 
To  th'  elder  practice  of  the  Jews  ; 
For  a  large  conscience  is  all  one, 
And  signifies  the  same,  with  none.'  1810 

It  is  enough,  quoth  he,  for  once. 
And  has  repriev'd  thy  forfeit  bones  : 

'  TTiot  is,  a  bishop  who  wears  lawn  sleeves. 

'  Moral  goodness  was  deemed  a  mean  attainment,  and  much  beneath  the 
character  of  saint*,  who  held  grace  and  inspiration  to  be  all  meritorious, 
and  rirtuo  to  have  no  merit ;  nay,  some  even  thought  virtue  impious,  when 
it  i(  rooted  only  in  nature,  and  not  imputed ;  some  of  the  modem  sects  are 
nipposed  to  hold  tenets  not  verj-  unlike  this.     Nash. 

•  It  ii  reported  of  Judge  Jetferj-s,  that  taking  a  dislike  to  a  witness  who 
had  a  lone  beard,  ho  tola  hira  that  "  if  his  conscience  was  as  long  as  his 
beard,  he  had  a  swinging  one:  "  to  which  the  countryman  replied,  "My 
Iiord,  if  jou  measure  consciences  by  beards,  you  have  none  at  all " 


314  HTTDISBAS.  [PAKT   III. 

Nick  Macbiavel  had  ne'er  a  trick 

Tho'  he  gave  his  name  to  our  Old  Nick,' 

But  was  below  the  least  of  these,  .1315 

That  pass  i'  th'  world  for  holiness. 
This  said,  the  furies  and  the  light 

In  th'  instant  vanish'd  out  of  sight. 

And  left  him  in  the  dark  alone, 

With  stinks  of  brimstone  and  his  own.  1320 

The  Queen  of  night,  whose  large  command 

Rules  all  the  sea,  and  half  the  land,^ 

And  over  moist  and  crazy  brains, 

In  high  spring-tides,  at  midnight  reigns,* 

"Was  now  declining  to  the  west,  13:5 

To  go  to  bed  and  take  her  rest ; 

When  Hudibras,  whose  stubborn  blows 

Deny'd  his  bones  that  soft  repose, 

Lay  still  expecting  worse  and  more, 

Stretch'd  out  at  length  upon  the  floor;  1330 

And  tho'  he  shut  his  eyes  as  fast 

As  if  he  'd  been  to  sleep  his  last. 

Saw  all  the  shapes  that  fear  or  wizards. 

Do  make  the  devil  wear  for  vizards ; 

And  pricking  up  his  ears,  to  hark  133S 

If  he  could  hear,  too,  in  the  dark, 

Was  first  invaded  with  a  groan, 

And  after,  in  a  feeble  tone. 

These  trembling  words  :  Unhappy  wretch, 

What  hast  thou  gotten  by  this  fetch,  1310 

'  Nicholas  Machiavelli  was  the  great  Florentine  Historian  and  Statesman 
of  the  16th  cent.  His  political  principles  were  loudly  condemned  by  the 
Puritans,  because  they  considered  them  identified  with  those  of  Charles  I. 
Nick  is  a  name  of  the  de%-il,  taken  from  the  old  Scandinavian  and  Teutonic 
name  of  a  kind  of  water-spirit.  See  Keightley's  Fairy  Mythology.  When 
Machiavel  is  represented  as  such  a  proficient  'in  wickedness,  that  his  name 
hath  become  an  appellation  for  the  devil  himself,  we  are  not  less  entertained 
by  the  smartness  of  the  sentiment,  than  we  should  be  if  it  were  supported 
by  the  truth  of  history.  By  the  same  kind  of  poetical  license  Empedoclos, 
in  the  second  canto,  is  humorously  said  to  have  been  acquainted  with  the 
writings  of  Alexander  Eoss,  who  did  not  live  till  about  2000  years  after 
him. 

2  The  moon  is  here  said  to  influence  the  tides  and  motions  of  the  sen, 
and  half  mankind,  who  are  assumed  to  be  more  or  less  lunatic. 

^  Insane  persons  are  supposed  to  be  worst  it  the  change  and  full  of  th« 
moon,  when  the  tides  are  highest. 


CANTO   I.]  HrDIBHAS.  315 

Or  all  thv  tricks,  in  this  new  trade, 

Tliy  holy  brotherhood  o'  th'  blade  ?  ' 

Bv  saunt'ring  still  on  some  adventure, 

And  growing  to  thy  horse  a  centaur  ?* 

To  stuff  thy  skin  with  swelling  knobs  1345 

Of  cruel  and  hard-wooded  drubs  ? 

For  still  thou'st  had  the  worst  on't  yet, 

As  well  in  conquest  as  defeat : 

Night  is  the  sabbath  of  mankind, 

To  rest  the  body  and  the  mind,  13S0 

Which  now  thou  art  deny'd  to  keep, 

And  cure  thy  labour'd  corpse  with  sleep. 

The  Knight,  who  heard  the  words,  explain'd 
As  meant  to  him  this  reprimand, 
Because  the  character  did  hit  1355 

Point-blank  upon  his  case  so  fit ; 
Believ'd  it  was  some  drolling  spright 
That  staid  upon  the  guard  tiiat  night, 
And  one  of  those  he'd  seen,  and  felt 
The  drubs  he  had  so  freely  dealt ;  1360 

AVhen,  after  a  short  pause  and  groan, 
The  doleful  spirit  thus  went  on : 

This  'tis  t'  engage  with  dogs  and  bears 
Pell-mell  together  by  the  ears. 

And  after  painful  bangs  and  knocks,  1385 

To  lie  in  limbo  in  the  stocks, 
And  from  the  pinnacle  of  glory 
Fall  headlong  into  purgatory ; 

I  Meaning  this  religious  knight-errantry  :  this  scnrch  after  trifling  offences, 
with  intent  to  punish  them  as  crjing  sins.  Ralpho,  who  now  supposed  himself 
alone,  vents  his  sorrows  in  this  solilo(juj%  which  is  so  artfully  worded,  as 
equally  to  suit  his  own  case  and  the  Knight's,  and  to  censure  the  conduct 
0?  hoth.  Hence  the  latter  applies  the  whole  as  meant  to  he  directed  to  him- 
self, and  comments  upon  it  accordingly  to  y.  1400,  after  which  the  squire 
improves  on  his  master's  mistake,  and  counterfeits  the  ghost  in  earnest. 
This  seems  to  have  been  liutler's  meaning,  though  not  readily  to  be  collected 
from  his  words.  /7o/y  brotherhood  alludes  to  the  society  instituted  in  Spain, 
called  La  Santa  Ucrmandad,  employed  in  detecting  and  apprehending 
thieves  and  robbers,  and  executing  other  parts  of  the  police. 

'  The  Centaurs  were  a  people  of  Thessaly.  and  supposed  to  be  the  first 
managers  of  horses.  Strangers,  who  had  never  seen  any  such  thing  before, 
reported  them  to  be  half  muu  and  half  beast. 


816  HTTDIBEAS.  [VAET   III. 

(Thouglit  lie,  this  devil's  full  of  malice, 

That  on  my  late  disasters  rallies.)  1370 

Condemn'd  to  whipping,  but  declin'd  it, 

By  being  more  heroic-minded  ; 

And  at  a  riding  handled  worse, 

With  treats  more  slovenly  and  coarse  : ' 

Engag'd  with  fiends  in  stubborn  wars,  1375 

And  hot  disputes  with  conjurers ; 

And,  when  thou  'dst  bravely  won  the  day, 

Wast  fain  to  steal  thyself  away — 

(I  see,  thought  he,  this  shameless  elf 

Would  fain  steal  me  too  from  myself,'  1380 

That  impudently  dares  to  own 

What  I  have  suffer' d  for  and  done)  ; 

And  now,  but  vent' ring  to  betray. 

Hast  met  with  vengeance  the  same  way. 

Thought  he,  how  does  the  devil  know  1385 

What  'twas  that  I  design'd  to  do  ? 
His  office  of  intelligence. 
His  oracles,  are  ceas'd  long  since ;' 
And  he  knows  nothing  of  the  saints. 
But  what  some  treach'roua  spy  acquaints.  1390 

This  is  some  pettifogging  fiend. 
Some  under  door-keeper's  friend's  friend, 
That  undertakes  to  understand. 
And  juggles  at  the  second-hand, 
And  now  would  pass  for  Spirit  Po,*  139$ 

And  aU  men's  dark  concerns  foreknow. 
I  think  I  need  not  fear  him  for't ; 
These  rallying  devils  do  no  hurt.* 

'  Alluding  to  the  result  of  the  Knight's  attempt  to  put  down  the  Skim- 
atington. 

*  A  phrase  used  by  Horace,  Carm.  lib.  iv.  Od.  13,  v.  20 ;  also  by  Ben 
Jonsou  in  his  Tale  of  a  Tub,  Act  iii.  sc.  5. 

3  The  heathen  oracles  were  said  to  have  ceased  at  the  Nativity.  See 
Milton's  Ode. 

*  Tom  Po  was  a  common  name  for  a  spectre.  The  word  seems  to  be 
akin  to  bug  in  "  bugbear ;  "  to  the  Dutch  bauw,  a  spectre ;  and  to  the  Welsh 
bo,  a  hobgoblin.     One  son  of  Odin  was  named  Po  or  Bo. 

*  Grey  illustrates  this  by  the  story  of  two  male  servants,  one  of  whom 
alarmed  the  other,  who  was  very  apprehensive  of  the  devil,  by  getting  under 
the  bed  at  night  time  and  playing  pranks ;  but  happening  to  make  a  natural 
explosion,  the  frightened  man  recovered  himself,  and  cried  out,  "Oh!  oh 


CA5T0   I.J  HUUIBBA8.  317 

With  that  he  rous'd  his  drooping  heart. 

And  hastily  cry'd  out,  AVhat  art  ? —  noo 

A  wretch,  quoth  he,  whom  want  of  grace 
Has  brought  to  this  unhappy  place. 

I  do  believe  thee,  quoth  the  Knight  ; 
Thus  far  I'm  sure  thou'rt  in  the  right ; 
And  know  what  'tis  that  troubles  thee,  140S 

Better  than  thou  hast  guess'd  of  me. 
Thou  art  some  paltry,  blackguard  spright, 
Condemn'd  to  drudg'ry  in  the  night ; 
Thou  hast  no  work  to  do  i'  th'  house, 
Nor  halfpenny  to  drop  in  shoes  ; '  1413 

Without  the  raising  of  which  sum 
Tou  dare  not  be  so  troublesome 
To  pinch  the  slatterns  black  and  blue, 
For  leaving  you  their  work  to  do. 
This  is  your  bus'ness,  good  Pug-E.obin,*  I41S 

And  your  diversion  dull  dry  bobbing, 

if  Ihoa  art  a  f p;  devil,  have  at  thee,  I  am  not  afraid ;  "  and  tlierewith 

^t  up  and  thrashed  him. 

'  One  of  the  current  superstitions  of  the  olden  time  about  fairies  was, 
that  if  eervant-maids,  before  going  to  bed,  swept  up  their  hearths  clean, 
brightened  the  furniture,  and  left  a  pail  full  of  clean  water  for  bathing  in, 
they  would  find  monej]  in  their  shoes ;  if  they  left  the  house  dirty  they 
would  be  pinched  in  their  sleep.  Thus  the  old  ballad  of  Robin  Goodi'ellow, 
who  perhaps  was  the  sprite  meant  by  Pug- Robin  ; 

Wlien  house  or  hearth  doth  sluttish  lie, 
I  pinch  the  maids  both  black  and  blue  : 
And  from  the  bed,  the  bed-cloths  I 
Pull  off,  and  lay  them  nak'd  to  view. 
Again,  speaking  of  fairies  : 

Such  sort  of  creatures  as  would  hast  ye 
A  kitchen  wench,  for  being  nasty  : 
But  if  she  neatly  scour  her  pewter. 
Give  her  the  money  that  is  due  t'  her. 
Every  night  before  we  go, 
We  drop  a  tester  in  her  shoe. 

See  Shakspeare,  Midsummer  Night's  Dream,  and  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor; 
Percy's  Reliques  ;  and  Keightley's  Fairy  Mythology. 

'  Pug-Robin,  or  Robin  Gooofellow,  was  a  kind  of  merry  sprite,  whosa 
character  and  achievements  arc  frequently  recorded  by  the  poets,  particularly 
in  the  well-known  lines  of  Shakspeare,  Mids.  Night's  Uream,  Act  ii.  «c 
1.     Pug  is  the  same  as  Puck.     Dry  bobbing  here  means  dry  jesting. 


318  HTTDIBEAS.  [PABT    III, 

T*  entice  fanatics  in  the  dirt, 

And  wash  'em  clean  in  ditches  for't ; 

Of  which  conceit  you  are  so  proud, 

At  ev'ry  jest  you  laugh  aloud,  1420 

As  now  you  would  have  done  by  me, 

But  that  I  barr'd  your  raiUery. 

Sir,  quoth  the  Voice,  ye're  no  such  sophy ' 
As  you  would  have  the  world  judge  of  ye. 
If  you  design  to  weigh  our  talents  1425 

I'  th'  standard  of  your  own  false  balance, 
Or  think  it  possible  to  know 
Us  ghosts,  as  weU  as  we  do  you. 
We  who  have  been  the  everlasting 
Companions  of  your  drubs  and  basting,  1430 

And  never  left  you  in  contest, 
"With  male  or  female,  man  or  beast, 
'     But  prov'd  as  true  t'  ye,  and  entire. 
In  all  adventures,  as  your  Squire. 

Quoth  he.  That  may  be  said  as  true,  1435 

By  th'  idlest  pug  of  all  your  crew  ; 
For  none  could  have  betray' d  us  worse 
Than  those  allies  of  ours  and  yours.^ 
But  I  have  sent  him  for  a  token 
To  your  low-country  Hogen-Mogen,  1440 

To  whose  infernal  shores  I  hope 
He'll  swing  like  skippers  '  in  a  rope  : 
And  if  ye' ve  been  more  just  to  me, 
As  I  am  apt  to  think,  than  he, 

I  am  afraid  it  is  as  true  1445 

What  th'  ill-affected  say  of  you : 
Te've  'spous'd  the  Covenant  and  Cause 
By  holding  up  your  cloven  pawa.^ 

'  You  are  no  such  wise  person,  or  sophister,  from  the  Greek  ffo^of . 

'  Meaning  the  Independents,  or  Ralpho,  whom  he  says  he  had  sent  to  the 
infernal  Hogen-Mogen  (from  the  Dutch  Hoogmogende,  high  and  mighty, 
or  the  devU,)  supposing  he  would  be  hung. 

3  Skipper  is  the  Dutch  for  the  master  of  a  sloop,  generally  a  good 
climber. 

*  When  persons  took  the  Covenant,  they  attested  their  obligation  to  ob- 
serve its  principles  by  lifting  up  their  hands  to  heaven.  Of  this  South 
says,  satirically,  "  Hulding  up  their  hands  was  a  sign  that  they  were  ready 
to  strike."     The  Covenant  here  means  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant, 


CANTO    I.]  HUDIBRAS.  319 

Sir,  quoth  the  "Voice,  'tis  true,  I  grant,- 
We  made,  and  took  the  Covenant :  1450 

But  that  no  more  concerns  the  Cause, 
Than  other  perj'ries  do  the  laws, 
"Which,  when  they're  prov'd  in  open  court. 
Wear  wooden  peccadillos  for't : ' 
And  that's  the  reason  Cov'nanters  1456 

Hold  ^  up  their  hands,  like  rogues  at  bars. 

I  see,  quoth  Hudibras,  from  whence 
These  scandals  of  the  saints  commence,* 
That  are  but  natural  effects 

Of  Satan's  malice,  and  his  sects,  14  00 

Those  spider-saints,  that  hang  by  threads 
Spun  out  o'  th'  entrails  of  their  heads. 

Sir,  quoth  the  Voice,  that  may  as  true' 
And  properly  be  said  of  you, 

"Whose  talents  may  compare  with  either,*  1465 

Or  both  the  other  put  together  : 
For  all  the  Independents  do. 
Is  only  what  you  forc'd  'em  to  ; 
You,  who  are  not  content  alone 

"With  tricks  to  put  the  devil  down,  1470 

But  must  have  armies  rais'd  to  back 
The  Gospel-work  you  undertake  ; 
As  if  artillery  and  edge-tools, 
"Were  th'  only  engines  to  save  souls  : 

framed  by  the  Scots,  and  adopted  by  the  English,  ordered  to  be  read  in  all 
churches,  when  every  person  was  bound  to  give  his  consent,  by  holding  up 
bis  hand  at  the  reading  of  it. 

'  Ralpho,  the  supposed  sprite,  allows  that  they,  the  devil  and  the  Inde- 
pendents, had  enga>;ed  in  the  Covenant ;  but  he  insists  that  the  violation 
of  it  was  not  at  all  prejudicial  to  the  cause  they  had  undertaken  and  for 
which  it  was  framed. 

'  A  peccadillo,  or  more  correctly  Piccadil,  was  a  stiff  collar  or  ruff  worn 
round  the  neck  and  shoulders.  Ludicrously  it  means  the  pillory.  This 
collar  came  into  fashion  in  the  reign  of  James  I.,  and  is  supposed  to  have 
given  the  name  to  Piccadilly. 

*  Some  editions  read  "AeWup." 

*  That  is,  the  scandalous  reflections  on  the  saints,  such  as  charging  the 
Covenant  with  perjury,  and  making  the  Covenanter  no  better  than  a  rogue 
at  the  bar. 

*  Uudibras  having  been  hard  upon  Satan  and  the  Independents,  the  voice 
undertakes  the  defence  of  each,  hut  first  of  the  Independents. 

*  That  is,  either  with  the  Independents  or  with  the  devil. 


320  HTTDIBBABi  ^PABT  HI 

While  he,  poor  devil,  has  no  pow'r '  1473 

By  force  to  run  down  and  devour ; 

Has  ne'er  a  Classis,  cannot  sentence 

To  atools,  or  poundage  of  repentance  j 

Is  ty'd  up  only  to  design, 

T'  entice,  and  tempt,  and  undermine :  1480 

In  which  you  all  his  arts  outdo, 

And  prove  yourselves  his  betters  too. 

Hence  'tis  possessions  do  less  evU 

Than  mere  temptations  of  the  devil,^ 

Which,  aU  the  horrid' st  actions  done,  148S 

Are  charg'd  in  courts  of  law  upon  ;3 

Because,  unless  they  *  help  the  elf, 

He  can  do  little  of  himself ; 

And,  therefore,  where  he's  best  possest 

Acts  most  against  his  interest ;  1490 

Surprises  none  but  those  who've  priests 

To  turn  him  out,  and  exorcists, 

Supply'd  with  spiritual  provision, 

And  magazines  of  ammunition ; 

With  crosses,  relics,  crucifixes,  1195 

Beads,  pictures,  rosaries,  and  pixes  ; 

The  tools  of  working  our  salvation 

By  mere  mechanic  operation : 

With  holy  water,  like  a  sluice, 

To  overflow  all  avenues  :  160C 

But  those  who' re  utterly  unarm' d, 

T'  oppose  his  entrance,  if  he  storm' d, 

'  He,  that  is,  the  Independent,  has  no  powef,  having  no  clasBis,  or  spirit- 
ual jurisdiction,  to  distress  us  bj  open  and  authorized  vexations.  Stools 
mean  stools  of  repentance,  on  which  persons  were  compelled  to  stand  and  do 
penance  for  their  sins.  Poundage  is  the  commutation  of  punishment  for  a 
sum  of  money. 

'  He  argues  that  men  who  are  influenced  by  the  devil,  and  co-operate 
with  him,  commit  greater  wickedness  than  he  is  able  to  perpetrate  by  hia 
own  agency.  We  seldom  hear,  therefore,  of  his  taking  an  entire  possession. 
The  persons  who  complain  most  of  his  doing  so,  are  those  who  are  well 
furnished  with  the  means  of  exorcising  and  ejecting  him,  such  as  relios, 
crucifixes,  beads,  pictures,  rosaries,  &c. 

s  "  Not  having  the  fear  of  God  before  their  eyes,  but  being  led  by  the 
instigation  of  the  dovU,"  is  the  form  of  indictment  for  felony,  murder,  and 
other  atrocious  crimes. 

*  Some  editions  read  "  ytu  help." 


CAJTTO  I.]  HUDIBBAS.  321 

He  never  offers  to  surpnse, 

Altho'  his  falsest  enemies  ; ' 

But  is  content  to  be  their  drudge,  1505 

And  on  their  errands  glad  to  trudge : 

For  where  ju-e  all  your  forfeitures 

Intrusted  in  safe  hands,  but  ours  ? 

AVho  are  but  jailors  of  the  holes 

And  dungeons  where  you  clap  up  souls  ;'  1510 

Like  under-keepers,  turn  the  keys, 

T'  vour  mittimtis  anathemas, 

And  never  boggle  to  restore 

The  members  you  deliver  o'er 

Upon  demand,  with  fairer  justice,  1516 

Than  all  you  Covenanting  Trustees;* 

Unless,  to  punish  them  the  worse, 

Tou  put  them  in  the  secular  powers, 

And  pass  their  souls,  as  some  demise 

The  same  est,ate  in  mortgage  twice  :*  1620 

AN^hen  to  a  legal  utlegation 

Tou  turn  your  excommunication,' 

And,  for  a  groat  unpaid  that's  due. 

Distrain  on  soul  and  body  too.^ 

Thought  he,  'tis  no  mean  part  of  civil  1626 

State-prudence  to  cajole  the  devil, 
And  not  to  handle  hnn  too  rough, 
When  h'  has  us  in  his  cloven  hoof. 

'  The  enthusiasm  of  the  Independents  was  something  new  in  its  kind,  no 
much  allied  to  superstition. 

*  Keep  those  in  hell  whom  vou  are  plea.sed  to  send  thither  by  excom 
munication,  mittimus,  or  anatliema  ;  as  jailors  and  turnkeys  confine  thei- 
prisoners. 

'  More  honestly  than  the  Presbyterians  mirrenderod  the  estates  which 
they  held  in  trust  for  one  another ;  these  truatees  were  generally  Cove- 
nanters.    See  Part  i.  c.  i.  v.  76.  and  Part  iii.  c.  ii.  v.  .55. 

*  Thisalliidestotheca-seof  aMrSherfield,  who  mortfjaged  his  estate  to  half 
»  dozen  different  people,  having  by  a  prerious  deed  dcmi.sed  it  for  pious  uaei, 
so  that  all  lost  their  money.     Sue' Stratford's  Letters,  1739,  vol.  i.  p.  206. 

•  You  call  down  the  vengeance  of  the  civil  ma<?istrate  upon  them,  and 
in  this  second  instance  pass  over,  that  is,  take  no  notice  of,  their  souls  the 
ecclesiastical  courts  can  ejcommunicate,  and  then  they  apply  to  tho  civil 
court  for  an  outlawrv.      VtUtjation  means  outlawnr*. 

•  Seize  the  party  by  a  writ  de  excommunicato  capiendo, 

f 


822  nUDIBEAS.  [PAUT    III. 

'Tis  true,  quoth  he,  that  intercourse 
Has  pass'd  between  your  friends  and  ours,  1530 

That,  as  you  trust  us,  in  our  way, 
To  raise  your  members,  and  to  lay,' 
We  send  you  others  of  our  own, 
Denounc'd  to  hang  themselves,  or  drown,' 
Or,  frighted  with  our  oratory,  1535 

To  leap  down  headlong  many  a  story ; 
Have  us'd  all  means  to  propagate 
Tour  mighty  interests  of  state. 
Laid  out  our  sp'ritual  gifts  to  further 
Your  great  designs  of  rage  and  murther :  15-lu 

Tor  if  the  saints  are  nam'd  from  blood, 
We  onl'  have  made  that  title  good  ;^ 
And,  if  it  were  but  in  our  power, 
We  should  not  scruple  to  do  more, 
And  not  be  half  a  soul  behind  1646 

Of  all  dissenters  of  mankind. 

JRight,  quoth  the  Voice,  and,  as  I  scorn 
To  be  ungrateful,  in  return 
Of  all  those  kind  good  offices, 

I'll  free  you  out  of  this  distress,  1650 

And  set  you  down  in  safety,  where 
It  is  no  time  to  tell  you  here. 
The  cock  crows,^  and  the  mom  draws  on, 
When  'tis  decreed  I  must  be  gone ; 
And  if  I  leave  you  here  till  day,  1S65 

Tou'U  find  it  hard  to  get  away. 

With  that  the  Spirit  grop'd  about 
To  find  th'  enchanted  hero  out, 

1  Your  friends  and  ours,  that  is,  you  deTils  and  us  fanatics:  that  as  you 
trast  us  in  our  way,  to  raise  you  devils,  and  to  lay  them  again  when  done 
with.    Nash. 

2  It  is  probable  that  the  presbyterian  doctrine  of  reprobation  had  driven 
some  persons  to  suicide,  as  in  the  case  of  Alderman  Hoyle,  a  member  of  the 
house.     See  Birkenhead's  Paul's  Church  Yard. 

'  Assuming  that  sancfus  is  derived  from  snnpuis,  blood. — We  fanatics 
of  this  island  only  have  merited  that  title  by  spilling  much  blood. 

*  It  was  formerly  a  current  superstition  that  when  the  cock  crowed  at 
break  of  day,  spirit's  and  fiends  that  walked  by  night  were  forced  to  return 
to  their  infernal  prison. 


OAUTO    I.]  HUDIBBA8.  323 

And  try'd  Tvith  haste  to  lift  him  up, 

But  found  his  forlorn  hope,  his  cnip,'  1560 

Unserviceable  with  kicks  and  blows, 

Keceiv'd  from  harden'd-hearted  foes. 

He  thought  to  drag  him  by  the  heels. 

Like  Gresham-earts,  with  legs  for  wheels  ;  • 

But  fear,  that  soonest  cures  those  sores,  1565 

In  danger  of  relapse  to  worse, 

Came  in  t'  assist  him  with  its  aid. 

And  up  his  sinking  vessel  weigh'd. 

No  sooner  was  he  fit  to  trudge, 

But  both  made  ready  to  dislodge ;  1S70 

The  Spirit  hors'd  him  like  a  sack, 

Upon  the  vehicle  his  back. 

And  bore  him  headlong  into  th'  hall, 

"With  some  few  rubs  against  tlie  wall ; 

Where,  finding  out  the  postern  lock'd,  157S 

And  th'  avenues  as  strongly  block'd, 

H'  attack'd  the  window,  storm'd  the  glass. 

And  in  a  moment  gain'd  the  pass  ; 

Thro'  which  he  dragg'd  tlie  worsted  soldier's 

Four-quarters  out  by  th'  head  and  shoulders,         ISW 

And  cautiously  began  to  scout 

To  find  their  fellow-cattle  out ; 

Nor  was  it  half  a  minute's  quest. 

Ere  he  retriev'd  the  cliampion's  beast, 

Ty'd  to  a  pale,  instead  of  rack,  158S 

But  ne'er  a  saddle  on  his  back, 

Nor  pistols  at  the  saddle-bow, 

Convey'd  away,  the  Lord  knows  how. 

He  thought  it  was  no  time  to  stay, 

And  let  the  night  too  steal  away ;  1590 

'  His  back  is  called  his  forlorn  hope,  because  that  was  generally  exposed 
to  danger,  to  sai-c  the  rest  of  his  body,  intimating  that  he  always  turned  his 
Dack  on  his  enemies. 

'  Butler  (iocs  not  forget  the  Royal  Society,  who  at  that  time  held  their 
meetings  at  d-i-hiim  College  in  liishopsgate  Street.  In  16G2,  tlie  scheme 
of  a  cart  with  lejs  instead  of  wheels  was  brought  before  this  Snciety,  and 
referred  to  the  consideration  of  Mr  Ilcmke.  The  inventor  was  Mr  Potter. 
Mr  Hooke  was  ordered  to  draw  up  a  full  description  of  this  cart,  which, 
together  with  tbs  animadversions  upon  it,  was  to  be  entered  in  the  books  o> 
the  Society. 

Y  2 


324 


HUDIBBAS. 


IPABT   III. 


But,  in  a  trice,  advanc'd  the  Knight 
Upon  the  bare  ridge,  bolt  upright, 
And,  groping  out  for  Ralpho's  jade, 
He  found  the  saddle  too  was  stray'd, 
And  in  the  place  a  lump  of  soap, 
On  which  he  speedily  leap'd  up  ; 
And,  turning  to  the  gate  the  rein, 
He  kick'd  and  cudgell'd  on  amain  ; 
"While  Hudibras,  with  equal  haste, 
On  both  sides  laid  about  as  fast, 
And  spurr'd,  as  jockies  use,  to  break, 
Or  padders  to  secure,  a  neck : ' 
Where  let  us  leave  'em  for  a  time, 
And  to  their  churches  turn  our  rhyme ; 
To  hold  forth  their  declining  state, 
Which  now  come  near  an  even  rate.* 


1595 


1600 


1605 


'  Jockies  endanger  their  necks  by  spurring  their  horses,  and  galloping 
very  fast;  and  highwaymen,  called  padders,  from  the  Saxon  paad,  high- 
way, spur  their  horses  to  save  their  necks. 

'  The  time  now  approached  when  the  Presbyterians  and  Independents 
were  to  fall  into  equal  disgrace,  and  resemble  the  doleful  condition  of  the 
Ejiight  and  Squire. 


PART  in.    CANTO  11. 


AHGTTMENT. 

The  Saints  enf^n^e  in  fierce  contests 
About  their  carnal  interests, 
To  share  tlieir  sacrilegious  preys 
According  to  their  rates  of  f^ace  ; 
Their  various  frenzies  to  reform, 
When  Cromwell  left  tbem  in  a  storm  ; 
Till,  in  th'  cffiiTe  of  Rumps,  the  rabble 
Bum  all  their  frrandees  of  the  cabal. 


The  two  last  conversations  hare  unfolded  the  views  of  the  contederatc 
sect!-,  and  prepared  the  way  for  the  business  of  the  suliscqiiunt  canto. 
Their  differences  will  there  b'ea^tatcd  by  characters  of  higher  conseqiicnte ; 
and  their  mutual  reproaches  will  again  enable  the  poet  to  expose  the 
knavery  and  hypocrisy  of  each.  This  was  the  principal  intent  of  the  work. 
The  fai)le  was  considered  by  him  only  as  the  vehicle  of  hi.s  satire.  And 
perhaps  whin  be  published  the  First  Part,  he  had  no  more  determined  what 
was  to  follow  in  the  Second,  than  Tristram  Shandy  had  on  a  like  occasion. 
The  fable  itself,  the  bare  outlines  of  which  I  conceive  to  be  horrowe<l, 
mutatis  mutandi!«.  from  Cervantes,  seems  here  to  be  brought  to  a  period. 
The  ncTt  canto  has  the  form  of  an  episode.  The  last  consists  chielly  of 
two  dialogues  and  two  letters.  Neither  Knight  nor  Squire  has  any  farther 
adventures.     Xath. 


PART  III.    CANTO  II.' 


J  HE  learned  write,  an  inaect  breeze 
Is  but  a  mongrel  prince  of  bees,* 
That  falls  before  a  storm  on  cows, 
And  stings  the  founders  of  his  house ; 
From  whose  corrupted  flesh  that  breed      S 
Of  vermin  did  at  first  proceed.* 

So,  ere  the  storm  of  war  broke  out, 

Religion  spawn'd  a  various  rout  * 

Of  petulant  capricious  sects. 

The  maggots  of  corrupted  texts,  *  10 

'  This  canto  being  wholly  unconnected  with  the  story  of  Hadibras,  would, 
in  Mr  Nash's  opinion,have  been  better  placed  at  the  end ;  indeed  this  arrange- 
ment has  been  adopted  by  Mr  Towneley  in  his  French  translation.  Its 
different  character,  and  its  want  of  connexion  with  the  foregone,  may  he 
accounted  for,  by  supposing  it  written  on  the  spur  of  the  occasion,  and  with 
a  view  to  recommend  the  author  to  his  friends  at  court,  by  an  attack  on  the 
opposite  faction,  at  a  time  when  it  was  daily  gaining  ground  and  the  secret 
views  of  Charles  II.  were  more  and  more  suspected  aud  dreaded.  A  short  time 
before  the  third  part  of  this  poem  was  published,  Shaftesbury  had  ceased  to 
be  a  minister,  and  had  become  a  furious  demagogue.  But  the  canto  describes 
the  spirit  of  parties  not  long  before  the  Restoration.  One  object  of  satire 
here  is  to  refute  aud  ridicule  the  plea  of  the  Presbyterians,  after  the  Restor- 
ation, of  having  been  the  principal  instruments  in  bringing  back  the  king. 

*  The  classical  theory  of  the  generation  of  bees  is  here  applied  to  the 
breese,  or  gadfly,  which  is  said  by  Pliny  (Nat.  Hist.  xi.  16)  to  be  "a  bee 
of  larger  size  which  chases  the  others : ' '  hence  it  may  fairly  be  styled  a 
prince  of  bees,  yet  but  a  mongrel  prince,  because  not  truly  a  bee 

'  Assuming  that  they  deposit  their  larvae  in  the  flesh  of  cows. 

*  Case,  in  his  thanksgiving  sermon  for  the  taking  of  Chester,  told  the 
Parliament,  that  no  less  than  180  errors  and  heresies  were  propagated  in  the 
city  of  London. 

'  The  Independents,  and  sometimes  the  Presbyterians,  have  been  charged 
with  altering  a  text  of  Scripture,  in  order  to  authorize  them  to  appoint  their 
own  ministers,  substituting  ye  for  we  in  Acts  vi.  3.  "  Therefore,  brethren 
look  ye  out  among  yon  seven  men  of  honest  report,  full  of  the  Holv  Ghos 
and  wisdom,  whom  ye  may  appoint  over  this  business.  '     Mr  Field  is  sai 


OA.NTO    11.]  HUDIBBA8.  327 

That  first  run  all  religion  down, 

And  after  ev'ry  swarm,  its  ovra  : 

For  as  the  Persian  ^lagi  once  ' 

Upon  their  mothers  got  their  sons, 

That  were  incapable  t'  enjoy  IS 

That  empire  any  other  way  ;  '■' 

So  presbyter  begot  the  other' 

Upon  the  Good  Old  Cause,  his  mother, 

That  bore  them  like  the  devil's  dam,* 

Whose  son  and  husband  are  the  same  ;  80 

And  yet  no  nat'ral  tie  of  blood, 

Nor  int'rest  for  their  common  good, 

Could,  when  their  profits  interfer'd, 

Get  quarter  for  each  other's  beard  :  ^ 

For  when  they  thriv'd  they  never  fadg'd,^  26 

But  only  by  the  ears  engag'd ; 

to  have  printed  y«  instead  of  tee  in  several  editions,  and  particularly  in  his 
beautiful  folio  edition  of  16.59,  as  will  as  his  octavo  of  1661 ;  and,  accordinpto 
Grev,  he  Wiis  "  the  first  printer  of  the  forcery.  and  received  £1.500  for  it." 
But  this  error  bad  previously  occurred  in  tlie  Bihle  printed  at  Cambridge  by 
Buck  and  Daniel,  1638.  Sec  Lowndes'  Bibliographical  Manual,  by  Bohn. 
pa^e  187. 

1  It  was  about  .521  years  before  Christ,  that  they  first  h.id  the  name  of 
Mainans,  which  signifies  crop-eared ;  it  was  given  them  by  way  of  nick- 
name and  contempt,  because  of  the  impostor  (Srnerdis)  who  was  then  cropt. 
Prideaux's  Connection.  Hence,  perhaps,  might  come  the  proverb,  "  Who 
madeyou  a  conjurer  and  did  not  crop  your  ears," 

'  The  poet  cannot  mean  the  Persian  empire,  which  was  only  in  the  hands 
of  the  Magi  for  a  few  months,  but  the  presidency  of  the  JIagi.  Zoroaster, 
the  first  institutor  of  the  sect,  allowed  of  incestuous  marriages  to  preserve 
the  line  without  intermixture.  He  maintained  the  doctrine  of  a  good  and 
bad  principle  ;  the  former  was  worshipped  under  the  emblem  of  fire,  which 
they  kept  constantlv  burning. 

''  The  Presbyterians  first  broke  down  the  pale  of  order  and  discipline, 
and  so  made  way  for  tlie  Independents  and  every  other  sect. 

•  This  is  not  the  first  time  we  have  heard  of  the  devil's  mother.  In 
Wolfii  Memorabilia,  is  a  quotation  from  Erasmus :  "  If  you  are  the  devil,  I 
am  his  mother. "  .\nd  in  the  ,\gameninon  of  iEscbylus,  Cassandra,  after 
lo.idiiig  Clyteranestra  with  every  opprobrious  name  she  can  think  of,  calls 
her  "mother  of  the  devil."  Liircher,  the  editor  of  the  French  Hudibras, 
remarks  in  a  note,  that  this  passage  alludes  to  the  description  of  Sin  and 
Deaih  in  the  second  book  of  Milton's  Paradise  Lost. 

•  When  tho  Presbyterians  prevailed,  Calamy,  being  asked  what  he  would 
do  with  the  Anabaptists,  .intinomians,  and  others,  replied,  that  he  would 
not  meddle  wilh  their  ecmsciences,  but  only  with  their  bodies  and  estates. 

•  That  is,  never  agreed  or  united,  from  gefegen,  Sai.  Sec  Wright'i 
Provincial  Dittionarv. 


828  HrDIBBAS.  [PAET  III 

Like  dogs  that  snarl  about  a  bone, 

And  play  togiither  when  they  've  none;' 

A  s  by  their  truest  characters, 

Their  constant  actions,  v^ainl'  appears.  K 

Rebellion  now  began,  Lr  l&ck 

Of  zeal  and  plunder,  to  grow  slack  ; 

The  Cause  and  Covenant  to  lessen. 

And  Providence  to  b'  out  of  season : 

For  now  there  was  no  more  to  purchase  ^  33 

O'  th'  king's  revenue,  and  the  churches', 

But  all  divided,  shar'd,  and  gone, 

That  us'd  to  urge  the  brethren  on ; 

Which  forc'd  the  stubborn'st  for  the  cause 

To  cross  the  cudgels  to  the  laws,'  10 

That  what  by  breaking  them  they'd  gain'd, 

By  their  support  might  be  maintain'd  ; 

Like  thieves,  that  in  a  hemp-plot  lie, 

Seeur'd  against  the  hue-and-cry.* 

Por  Presbyter  and  Independent  45 

"Were  now  turn'd  plaintiff  and  defendant ; 

Laid  out  their  apostolic  functions 

On  carnal  orders  and  Injunctions  ; 

And  all  their  precious  gifts  and  graces 

On  outlawries  and  scire  facias  ;  60 

At  Michael's  term  had  many  a  trial, 

Worse  than  the  dragon  and  St  Michael, 

Where  thousands  fell,  in  shape  of  fees. 

Into  the  bottomless  abyss. 

For  when,  like  bretheren  and  friends,  53 

They  came  to  share  their  dividends,* 

'  Butler  here  implies  that  while  the  Dissenters  wei-e  struggling  for  the 
upper  hand  and  had  nothing  to  lose,  they  were  united,  but  the  moment 
they  succeeded,  the  dominant  party  jealously  excluded  their  former  allies. 

^  Although  the  Ordinance  which  removed  obstructions  in  the  sale  of  the 
Royal  Lands,  was  passed  so  early  as  1649,  it  was  not  till  16.59  that  WTiite- 
hall,  Somerset  House,  and  Hampton  Court,  were  ordered  to  be  sold. 

'  Cudgels  across  one  another  denote  a  challenge  :  to  cross  the  cudgels  to 
the  laws,  is  to  offer  to  fight  in  defence  of  them. 

*  Meaning  a  plantation  of  hemp,  which  being  a  thick  cover,  a  rogue  may 
lie  concealed  therein.  "  Thus,"  says  Butler,  "  he  shelters  himself  under  the 
cover  of  the  law,  like  a  thief  in  a  hemp-plat,  and  makes  that  secure  him 
which  was  intended  for  his  destruction."     Remairj,  vol.  ii.  p   38-1 

'  When  the  estates  of  the  king  and  Church  were  orJuroc.  to  be  sold  in 


CASTO  IT. J  HCDIBRAS.  329 

And  ev'rv  partner  to  possess 

His  church  and  state  joint-purchasefl, 

In  which  the  ablest  saint,  and  best, 

Was  nam'd  in  trust  by  all  the  rest,  60 

To  pay  their  money,  and  instead 

Of  ev'ry  brother,  pass  the  deed ; 

He  strait  converted  all  his  ^it'ts 

To  pious  frauds  and  holy  shifts, 

And  settled  all  the  others'  shares  66 

Upon  his  outward  man  and  's  heirs  ; 

Held  all  they  claim'd  as  Forfeit  Lands 

Deliver'd  up  into  his  hands. 

And  pass'd  upon  his  conscience 

Bv  pre-entail  of  Providence  ;  70 

Impeach'd  the  rest  for  reprobates. 

That  had  no  titles  to  estates, 

But  bv  tlieir  spiritual  attaints 

Degraded  from  the  right  of  saints. 

This  b'ing  reveal'd,  they  now  begun  75 

With  law  and  conscience  to  fall  on. 

And  laid  about  as  hot  and  brain-sick 

As  th'  utter  barrister  of  Swanswick  ;  ' 

Engag'd  with  money-bags,  as  bold 

As  men  with  sand-bags  did  of  old,*  80 

1749,  great  arrears  were  due  to  the  army :  for  the  discharj^e  of  which  some 
of  the  lands  were  allotted,  and  whole  ro^inieiits  joined  toi^cther  in  the 
manner  of  a  corporation.  Tlie  distrihution  afterwards  wa.s  produftive  of 
many  law-suits,  the  per-*on  whose  name  w.i--^  put  in  trust  often  claiming  the 
whole,  or  a  larger  share  than  he  w.i3  entitled  to.     See  note  at  page  7. 

'  William  Prynnc,  already  mentioned  at  page  .10.  wa-*  born  at  Swanswick, 
in  Somcr-tetshire.  The  poet  calls  him  hot  and  br:iin-sick,  because  he  was  a 
restless  and  turbulent  man.  H''  is  ralh'd  the  tttfrr  (or  outer)  barrister  by 
the  court  of  .Star-chamber,  in  the  sentence  ordering  him  to  be  discarded  ; 
and  afterwards  he  was  voted  again  by  the  House  of  Commons  to  he  restored 
to  his  place  and  practice  as  an  utter  barrister ;  which  signifies  a  pleader 
without  the  bar,  or  one  who  is  not  king's  counsel  or  Serjeant. 

'  Bishop  Warbnrton  says:  "When  the  combat  was  demanded  in  a  legal 
wav  by  knights  and  (rentleni'^n,  it  was  fought  wi'h  sword  and  lance;  and 
when  bv  yecrien,  with  sand-bags  fastened  to  the  end  of  a  truncheon." 
When  tilts  an  1  tournaments  were  in  fashion  for  men  of  knightly  degree, 
men  of  low  d»-icroe  amused  Iheniselves  with  ntnninir  at  the  (Juintain,  which 
was  a  beam  with  a  womlen  board  at  one  end.  and  a  sand-bag  at  the  other, 
to  fixed  on  a  posi,  that  when  the  board  was  smartlv  struck,  it  swung  round 


330  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET   TJI, 

That  brought  the  lawyers  in  more  fees 

Than  all  unsanctify'd  trustees  ; ' 

Till  he  who  had  no  more  to  show 

I'  th'  ease,  receiv'd  the  overthrow ; 

Or,  both  sides  having  li<id  the  worst,  86 

They  parted  as  they  met  at  first. 

Poor  Presbyter  was  now  reduc'd, 

Secluded,  and  cashier' d,  and  chous'd  !^ 

Turn'd  out,  and  excommunicate 

Prom  all  affairs  of  church  and  state,  90 

Reform'd  t'  a  reformado  saint,^ 

And  glad  to  turn  itinerant,* 

To  stroU  and  teach  from  town  to  town, 

And  those  he  had  taught  up,  teach  down,* 

And  make  those  Uses  serve  agen  ^  96 

Against  the  New-enlighten'd  men,' 

As  fit  as  when  at  first  they  were 

Reveal' d  against  the  Cavalier  ; 

Damn  Anabaptist  and  fanatic, 

As  pat  as  popish  and  prelatic ;  lOO 


rapidly,  and  if  the  striker  was  not  very  nimble  the  sand-bag  struck  him  a 
heavy  blow.  Judicial  combats  between  common  people  were  also  fought 
with  sand-bags  fixed  on  shafts.  See  Henry  VI.,  Part  II.  Act  ii.,  where 
Horner  and  Peter  are  so  equipped  for  their  combat. 

'  The  lawyers  got  more  fees  from  the  Presbyterians,  or  saints,  who  in 
general  were  trustees  for  the  sequestered  lands,  than  from  all  other  trustees, 
who  were  unsaactified.     Nash. 

'  When  Oliver  Cromwell,  with  the  array  and  the  Independents,  had  got 
the  upper  hand,  they  retaliated  on  the  Presbyterians  by  depriving  them  of 
all  power  and  authority  ;  and  before  the  king  was  brought  to  trial,  the 
Presbyterian  members  were  "  purged"  from  the  House. 

^  That  is,  a  voluntary  saint  without  pay  or  commission. 

*  Amongst  the  schemes  of  the  day  was  the  appointment  of  itinerant 
preachers,  who  were  to  be  supported  out  of  the  lands  of  Deans  and  Chap- 
ters.    Walker's  Hist,  of  Independency,  Part  ii.  p.  156. 

'  Poor  Presbyter,  i.  e.  the  Presbyterians  were  glad  to  teach  down  the 
Independents,  whom  as  brethren  and  friends  (v.  55)  they  had  indiscrimin- 
ately taught  up  ;  the  unhinging  doctrines  of  the  Presbyterians  having  set 
up  the  Independents  in  direct  opposition  to  themselves.     Nash. 

*  The  sermons  of  these  times  were  divided  into  Doctrine  and  Use  :  and 
in  the  margin  of  them  is  often  printed  Use  the  first,  Use  the  second,  &c. 

The  Presbyterians  endeavoured  to  preach  down  the  Independents 
by  the  very  same  doctrines  these  had  used  in  preaching  down  the  IJishops; 
that  is,  by  objecting  to  Ordination  and  Church  government. 


OAirrO   II.]  HDDIBRAS.  981 

And  with  as  little  variation. 

To  serve  for  nny  sect  i'  th'  nation. 

The  Good  Old  Cause,'  wliich  some  believe 

To  be  the  dev'l  that  tempted  Eve 

With  knowledge,  and  does  still  invite  lOS 

The  world  to  mischief  with  new  light, 

Had  store  of  money  in  her  purse, 

When  he  took  her  for  bett'r  or  worse. 

But  now  was  grown  deform'd  and  poor. 

And  fit  to  be  turu'd  out  of  door.  HO 

The  Independents,  whose  first  station 
Was  in  the  rear  of  lieformation, 
A  mongrel  kind  of  church-dragoons,' 
That  serv'd  for  horse  and  foot  at  once. 
And  in  the  saddle  of  one  steed  116 

The  Saracen  and  Christian  rid  ;* 
Were  free  of  ev'ry  spiritual  order, 
To  preach,  and  fight,  and  prav,  and  murder,* 
No  sooner  got  the  start,  to  lurch  * 
Both  disciplines  of  war  and  chui-ch,  120 

And  providence  enough  to  run 
The  cliief  commanders  of  them  down, 
But  carry'd  on  the  war  against 
The  common  enemy  o'  th'  saints, 

And  in  awhile  prevail'd  so  far,  136 

To  win  of  them  the  game  of  war, 
And  be  at  liberty  once  more 
T'  attack  themselves  as  they'd  before. 

'  This  was  the  designation  of  the  party  purpose  of  those  who  first  got  up 
the  Coven.int  and  Protestation. 

'  Many  of  the  Independent  officers,  such  as  Cromwell,  Ircton,  Harrison 
4c.,  used  to  pray  and  preach  puliliily.  Cleveland  uses  the  same  term 
"  Kirk  dragoons,"  in  his  Hue  and  Cry  after  Sir  John  Presbyter. 

*  The  Templars  were  at  first  so  poor  that  two  knights  rode  on  one 
horse ;  Butler  says  the  new  order  of  Military  Saints  did  so,  but  that  one  rider 
was  a  Saracen  and  the  other  a  saint.  Grey  says  in  quoting  Walker,  that 
the  Independents  were  a  compound  of  Jew,  Christian,  and  saint. 

*  To  preach,  has  a  reference  to  the  Dominicans;  tnjight,  to  the  knights 
of  Malta :  to  pray,  to  the  fathers  of  Oratory ;  to  murther,  to  the  Jesuits. 
But  the  Independents  assumed  to  themselves  the  privilege  of  every  order  ; 
they  preached,  fought,  prayed,  and  murdered. 

»  That  is.  to  swallow  up,  see  .Skinner  and  Junius.  A  lurcher  is  a  glut- 
ton.   See  Wright's  Pronncial  Dictionary. 


332  HTTDIBHAS.  [PAET   III. 

For  now  there  was  no  foe  in  arms 
T'  unite  their  factions  with  alarms,  130 

But  all  reduc'd  and  overcome, 
Except  their  worst,  themselves  at  home, 
Who  'd  compass'd  all  they  pray'd,  and  swore, 
And  fought,  and  preach'd,  and  plunder'd  for, 
Subdu'd  the  nation,  church  and  state,  135 

And  all  things  but  their  laws  and  hate;' 
But  when  they  came  to  treat  and  transact, 
And  share  the  spoil  of  all  they  'd  ransackt, 
To  botch  up  what  they  'd  torn  and  rent, 
Eeligion  and  the  government,  140 

They  met  no  sooner,  but  prepar'd 
To  pull  down  all  the  war  had  s^jar'd ; 
Agreed  in  nothing,  but  t'  abolish, 
Subvert,  extirpate,  and  demolish  : 
For  knaves  and  fools  b'ing  near  of  kin,  US 

As  Dutch  boors  are  t'  a  sooterkin,* 
Both  parties  join'd  to  do  their  best 
To  damn  the  public  interest  ; 
And  herded  only  in  consults,^ 

To  put  by  one  another's  bolts ;  160 

T'  outcant  the  Babylonian  labourers, 
At  all  their  dialects  of  jabberers. 
And  tug  at  both  ends  of  the  saw. 
To  tear  down  government  and  law. 
For  as  two  cheats,  that  play  one  game,  155 

Are  both  defeated  of  their  aim  ;* 
So  those  who  play  a  game  of  state, 
And  only  cavil  in  debate, 

'  That  is,  the  laws  of  the  laud,  and  hatred  of  the  people. 

^  A  reflection  upon  the  Dutch  women,  for  their  use  of  portable  stoves, 
which  they  carry  by  a  string,  and  on  seating  themselves  generally  put  it 
under  their  petticoats;  whence  they  are  humorously  said  to  engender 
sooterkins  with  their  children.  Howel,  in  his  letters,  describes  them  as 
"likest  a  bat  of  any  creature,"  and  Cleveland  says,  "not  unlike  a  rat." 

•  That  is,  both  parties  were  intimately  united  together. 

*  For  as  when  two  cheats,  equally  masters  of  the  very  same  tricks,  are 
by  that  circumstance  mutually  defeated  of  their  aim,  namely,  to  impose 
npon  each  other,  so  those  well  matched  tricksters,  who  play  with  state 
affairs,  and  only  cavil  at  one  another's  schemes,  ever  counteract  each 
other. 


OAKTO    II.]  HITSIBBAa. 

Altho'  there's  nothing  lost  nor  won, 

The  (niblic  bus'iiess  is  undone,  180 

"Wliii,-!)  still  the  longer  'tis  in  doing, 

Becomes  the  surer  way  to  ruin. 

This  when  the  Koyalists  [jerceiv'd,' 
"Wlio  to  their  faith  as  firmly  cleav'd, 
And  own'd  the  right  they  had  paid  down  165 

So  dearly  for,  the  ciiureh  and  crown, 
Th'  united  constanter,  and  sided 
The  more,  the  more  their  foea  divided  : 
For  tho'  outnumber'd,  overthrown. 
And  by  the  fate  of  war  run  down,  170 

Their  duty  never  was  defeated. 
Nor  from  their  oaths  and  faith  retreated  ; 
For  loyalty  is  still  the  same, 
Whether  it  win  or  lose  the  game  ; 
True  as  the  dial  to  the  sun,  175 

Altho'  it  be  not  shiu'd  upon* 
But  when  these  bretheren  '  in  evil, 
Their  adversaries,  and  the  devil. 
Began  once  more  to  show  them  play, 
And  hopes,  at  least,  to  have  a  day,  180 

Thev  rallv'd  in  parade  of  woods, 
And  unfrequented  solitudes ; 
Convttn'd  at  midnight  in  outhouses, 
T'  appoint  new-rising  rendezvouses, 
And,  with  a  pertinacy  unraateh'd  185 

For  new  recruits  *  of  danger  watch'd. 
No  sooner  was  one  blow  diverted. 
But  up  another  party  started. 
And  as  if  Nature  too,  in  haste 
To  furnish  out  supplies  as  fast,  190 

'  This  encomium  on  the  Boyalists,  their  prudence,  and  suffering  fidelity 
has  been  generally  admired. 

'  As  the  dial  is  invarialde,  and  always  true  to  the  sun  whenever  its  rayt 
emerge,  however  its  lustre  may  be  sometimes  obcured  by  passing  clouds. 
»o  true  loyalty  is  always  ready  to  servo  its  king  and  country,  though 
often  under  *.be  pressure  of  affliction  and  distress. 

'  The  poet,  to  serve  his  metre,  sometimes  lengthens  and  sometimes  con- 
tracts  his  words,  thus  bretheren,  lightening,  oppugne,  sarcasmous,  alluirs, 
bungleing,  sprinkleing,  henigne. 

*  Recruits,  that  is,  Irish  volunteers  ready  to  serve  the  king's  cause. 


33J!  HTJDIBEAS.  [PAET   HI. 

Before  her  time  had  turn'd  destruction 

T'  a  new  and  numerous  production ;' 

No  sooner  those  were  overcome, 

But  up  rose  others  in  their  room, 

That,  like  the  Christian  faith,  increas'd  195 

The  more,  the  more  they  were  suppress'd : 

Whom  neither  chains,  nor  transportation, 

Proscription,  sale,  nor  confiscation, 

Nor  all  the  desperate  events 

Of  former  tried  experiments,  800 

Nor  wounds,  could  teriify,  nor  mangling, 

To  leave  off  loyalty  and  dangling. 

Nor  death,  with  all  his  bones,  affright 

From  vent'ring  to  maintain  the  right, 

Prom  staking  life  and  fortune  down  806 

'Gainst  all  together,^  for  the  crown : 

But  kept  the  title  of  their  cause 

From  forfeiture,  like  claims  in  laws ; 

And  prov'd  no  prosp'rous  usurpation 

Can  ever  settle  on  the  nation ;  810 

Until,  in  spite  of  force  and  treason, 

They  put  their  loy'lty  in  possession ; 

And,  by  their  constancy  and  faith, 

Destroy'd  the  mighty  men  of  Gath. 

Toss'd  in  a  furious  hurricane,  815 

Did  Oliver  give  up  his  reign,' 

'  Tlie  succession  of  Loyalists  was  so  quick,  that  they  seemed  to  be  perish- 
ing, and  others  supplying  their  places,  before  the  periods  usual  in  nature ; 
all  which  is  expressed  by  an  allusion  to  equivocal  generation. 

'  That  is,  all  of  them  together,  namely,  the  several  factions,  their  ad- 
versaries, and  the  devil.     See  v.  178. 

•  The  Monday  before  the  death  of  Oliver,  August  30th,  1658,  was  the 
most  windy  day  that  had  happened  for  twenty  years.  Dennis  Bond,  a 
member  of  the  Long  Parliament,  and  one  of  the  king's  judges,  died  on  this 
day ;  wherefore,  when  Oliver  likewise  went  away  in  a  storm  the  Friday 
following,  it  was  said,  the  devil  came  in  the  first  wind  to  fetch  him,  but 
finding  him  not  quite  ready,  took  Bond  for  his  appearance.  Dryien, 
Waller,  and  other  poets  have  verses  on  the  subject : 

In  storms  as  loud  as  his  immortal  fame ; 

ind  Godolphin : 

In  storms  as  loud  as  was  his  crying  sin. 


OASTO   n.]  HUDIBBA8  335 

And  was  believ'd,  as  well  by  saints 

As  mora,  men  and  miscreants.' 

To  founiler  in  the  Stytrian  ferry, 

Until  he  was  retriev'd  by  Sterry,"  B20 

Who,  in  a  false  erroneous  dream,' 

Mistook  the  New  Jerusalem, 

Profanely,  for  th'  apocryphal 

False  heav'u  at  the  end  o'  th'  hall ; 

Whither  it  was  decreed  by  fate  MS 

His  precious  reliques  to  translate. 

So  Eomulus  was  seen  before 

B'  as  orthodox  a  senator.* 

From  whose  divine  illumination 

He  stole  the  pagan  revelation.  SW 

Next  him  his  son.  and  heir  apparent 
Succeeded,  tho'  a  lame  vicegerent ; ' 
Who  first  laid  by  the  Parliament, 
The  only  crutch  on  which  he  leant, 

'  Some  editions  read  mortal,  but  not  with  so  much  meaning  or  wit.  The 
Independents  called  themselves  the  saints :  the  Cavaliers  and  the  Church 
of  Enfrland  -were  distinguished  into  two  sorts;  the  immoral  and  wicked 
they  called  miscreants ;  those  that  were  of  sober  and  of  good  conversation, 
they  called  moral  men ;  yet,  because  these  last  did  not  maintain  the  doctrine 
of  absolute  predestination  and  justification  by  faith  only,  but  insisted  upon 
the  necessity  of  fjood  works,  thev  accounted  them  no  better  than  moral 
heathens.  By  this  opposition  in  terms  between  moral  men  and  sainl$, 
the  poet  seems  to  insinuate,  that  the  pretended  saints  were  not  men  of 
morals. 

'  The  king's  party  of  course  maintained  that  Oliver  Cromwell  was  gone 
to  the  devil ;  but  Stcrry,  one  of  Oliver's  chaplains,  assured  tho  world  of  his 
ascent  into  heaven,  and  tliat  he  would  be  of  more  use  to  them  tliere  than 
he  had  been  in  his  life-time. 

'  Sterry  dreamed  th.at  Oliver  was  to  be  placed  in  heaven,  which  he  foolislily 
imagined  to  be  the  true  and  real  heaven  above  ;  but  it  happened  to  be  the 
false  carnal  heaven  at  the  end  of  Westminster  Hall,  where  his  head  was 
flicd  after  the  Restoration.  There  were,  at  that  time,  three  taverns  abut- 
ting on  Westminster  Ha.1,  one  called  ITenven,  another  Hell,  and  the 
third  Purgatory,  near  to  the  former  of  whiih  Oliver's  head  was  fixed. 

*  "  Romulus,  the  first  Roman  king,  being  suddenlv  missed,  and  tho 
people  in  trouble  for  the  loss  of  him,  Julius  Proculus  made  a  speech,  where- 
in ne  told  them  that  he  saw  Romulus  that  morning  come  down  from 
heaven ;  that  he  gave  him  certain  things  in  charge  to  tell  them,  and  then 
he  saw  him  mount  up  to  heaven  again."     Livy's  Roman  Hist.  vol.  i.  b.  i. 

'  Richard  Cromwell,  the  eldest  son  of  Oliver,  succeeded  him  in  the  pro- 
tectorship ;  but  had  neither  capacity  nor  courage  sufBcient  for  his  positioa. 


336  HUDIBEA8  [PAllT   III. 

And  then  sunk  underneath  the  state,  235 

That  rode  liim  above  horseman's  weight.' 
And  now  the  saints  began  their  reign, 
For  which  they  'd  yearn'd  so  long  in  vain,' 
And  felt  such  bowel-hankerings, 

To  see  an  empire,  all  of  kings,^  240 

Deliver'd  from  th'  Egyptian  awe 
Of  justice,  government,  and  law,* 
And  free  t'  erect  what  spiritual  cantons 
Should  be  reveal'd,  or  gospel  Hans-Towns.^ 
To  edify  upon  the  ruins  am 

Of  John  of  Leyden's  old  out-goings,^ 
Who  for  a  weather-cock  hung  up 
Upon  their  mother-church's  top, 
Was  made  a  type,  by  Providence, 
Of  all  their  revelations  since,  2SC 

And  now  fulfill'd  by  his  successors. 
Who  equally  mistook  their  measures  ; 
For  when  they  came  to  shape  the  Model, 
Not  one  could  fit  another's  noddle  ; 
But  found  their  Light  and  Gifts  more  wide  356 

From  fadging,  than  th'  unsanctify'd, 
While  ev'ry  individual  brother 
Strove  hand  to  fist  against  another, 

'  See  Part  i.  Canto  i.  1.  925,  where  he  rides  the  state ;  but  here  the  state 
rides  him. 

2  A  sneer  at  the  Committee  of  Safety.  See  Clarendon,  vol.  iii.  b.  xvi. 
p.  544,  and  Baxter's  Life,  p.  74. 

'  They  founded  their  hopes  on  Revelation  i,  6,  and  v.  10. 

*  Some  sectaries  thought  that  all  law  proceedings  should  be  abolished, 
all  law  books  burnt,  and  that  the  law  of  the  Lord  Jesus  should  be  received 
alone. 

5  Alluding  to  the  republics  of  Switzerland,  and  the  German  Hans-Towns, 
Hamburgh,  Altona,  &c. 

6  John  of  Leyden,  a  tailor,  who  proclaimed  himself  a  prophet  and  king 
of  the  universe,  was  the  ringleader  of  the  Anabaptists  of  Muuster,  where 
they  proclaimed  a  community  both  of  goods  and  women.  This  New  Jeru- 
salem, as  they  had  named  it,  was  retaken,  after  a  long  siege,  by  its  bishop 
and  sovereign,  Count  Waldeck ;  and  John  of  Leyden  and  two  of  his  asso- 
ciates (KnipperdoUinck  and  Erechting)  were  enclosed  in  iron  cages  and 
carried  tliroughout  Germany  for  six  months,  after  which  they  were  suspend- 
ed in  an  iron  cage,  and  starved  to  death,  on  the  highest  tower  of  the  city. 
This  happened  about  the  year  1536.  See  Menzel's  Historv  of  Germauy, 
vol.  ii.  p.  256.  ' 


OAKTO    II.]  ntDIBRAS.  337 

And  still  the  maddest,  and  most  crackt, 

Were  found  the  busiest  to  transact ;  260 

For  tho'  most  hands  dispatch  apace, 

And  make  lip;ht  work,  the  proverb  says, 

Tet  many  dirt"'rent  intellects 

Are  found  t'  have  contrary  effects  ; 

And  many  heads  t'  obstruct  intrigues,  265 

As  slowest  insects  have  most  legs. 

Some  were  for  getting  up  a  king, 
But  all  the  rest  for  no  such  thing, 
Unless  King  Jesus  :  '  others  tamper'd 
For  Fleetwood,  Desborough,  and  Lambert;*  270 

Some  for  the  Eump,  and  some  more  crafty. 
For  Agitators,  and  the  Safety  ;  ^ 
Some  for  the  Gospel,  and  massacres 
Of  spiritual  affidavit-makers,  ■• 

'  "The  Fifth  Monarchy  Men,"  as  Bishop  Buraet  says,  "seemed  daily  (o 
expect  the  appearance  of  Christ."  Carew,  one  of  the  iinfj's  judges,  would 
not  plead  to  his  indictment  when  brought  to  trial,  till  he  had  entered  a 
•alvo  for  the  jurisdiction  of  Jesus  Christ :  "  saving  to  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ 
his  right  to  the  government  of  these  kingdoms." 

'  FK^etwood  was  son-in-law  to  Cromwell,  having  married  Ireton's  widow. 
He  was  made  lord  deputy  of  Ireland,  and  lieutenant-general  of  the  army. 
Desborough  married  one  of  CromweU's  sisters,  and  became  a  colonel,  and 
general  at  sea.  I„ambert  was  the  person  who,  according  to  Ludlow,  was 
always  kept  in  expectation  by  Cromwell  of  succeeding  him,  and  was  indeed 
the  best  qualified  for  it. 

'  In  May,  1659,  the  Council  of  Officers,  with  Fleetwood  as  their  president, 
resolved  upon  restoring  the  Long  Parliament,  which  having,  by  deaths,  ex- 
clusions, and  expulsions,  been  reduced  to  a  small  remnant,  was  culled  the 
Kump.  In  1647,  when  the  Parliament  began  to  talk  of  disbanding  tho 
army,  a  military  council  was  set  up,  consisting  of  the  chief  officers  and  de- 
puties from  the  inferior  officers  and  common  soldiers,  to  consult  im  the  in- 
terests of  the  army.  These  were  calledAdjutators,and  the  chief  manage- 
ment of  affairs  seemed  to  be  for  some  time  in  their  hands.  The  Committei) 
of  Safety,  consisting  of  the  officers  of  the  array  and  some  of  the  memlvjrs  of 
the  Kump  Parliament,  was  formed  in  1659,  to  provide  for  the  safety  of  the 
kingdom. 

•  Some  were  for  abolishing  all  laws  but  what  were  expressed  in  the  words 
of  the  Oospel ;  for  destroving  all  magistracy  and  government,  and  for  ex- 
tirpating those  who  should  endeavour  to  uphold  it  ;  and  of  these  Whitclock 
alleges  that  he  acted  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety,  because  so 
many  were  for  abolishing  all  order  that  the  nation  was  like  to  run  into  the 
utmost  confusion.  The.Vdjutatorswiahed  to  destroy  all  records,  and  the 
courts  of  justice. 

I 


3i^8  HTTDIBBAS.  fPABT  TIT. 

That  swore  to  any  human  regence  275 

Oaths  of  suprem'cy  and  allegiance; 

Yea,,  tho'  the  ablest  swearing  saint, 

That  vouch'd  the  Bulls  o'  th'  Covenant : 

Others  for  pulling  down  th'  high  places 

Of  Synods  and  Provincial  classes,'  280 

That  us'd  to  make  such  hostile  inroads 

Upon  the  saints,  like  bloody  Nimrods : 

Some  for  fulfilling  prophecies,^ 

And  th'  extirpation  of  th'  excise  ; 

And  some  against  th'  Egyptian  bondage  285 

Of  holidays,  and  paying  poundage : ' 

Some  for  the  cutting  down  of  groves,* 

And  rectifying  bakers'  loaves  ; 

And  some  for  finding  out  expedients 

Against  the  slav'ry  of  obedience  :  290 

Some  were  for  Grospel-ministera, 

And  some  for  Red-coat  seculars,* 

As  men  most  fit  t'  hold  forth  the  word, 

And  wield  the  one  and  th'  other  sword :  ^ 

Some  were  for  carrying  on  the  work  295 

Against  the  Pope,  and  some  the  Turk : 

Some  for  engaging  to  suppress 

The  caraisad'  of  surplices,' 

'  They  wished  to  see  an  end  of  the  Presbyterian  hierarchy. 

2  That  is,  perhaps,  for  taking  arms  against  the  Pope,  or  Spam,  as  the  head" 
quarters  of  Popery. 

2  The  festivals  or  holy  days  of  the  Church  had  been  abolished  in  1647. 
The.  taxes  imposed  by  the  Parliament  were  numerous  and  heavy  :  poundage 
was  a  rate  levied,  according  to  assessment,  on  all  personal  property. 

*  That  is,  for  destroying  the  churches,  which  they  regarded  as  built  ori- 
ginally for  purposes  of  idolatry  and  superstition.  It  is  well  known  that 
groves  were  anciently  made  use  of  as  places  of  worship.  The  rows  of  clus- 
tered pillars  in  our  Gothic  cathedrals,  branching  out  and  meeting  at  top  in 
long  drawn  arches,  are  supposed  to  have  been  suggested  by  the  venerable 
groves  of  our  ancestors. 

^  Some  petitioned  for  the  continuance  and  maintenance  of  the  regular 
clergy  ministry ;  and  others  thought  that  laymen,  and  even  soldiers,  who 
were  nicknamed  '*  Church  dragoons,"  might  preach  the  word,  as  some  of 
thera  did,  particularly  Cromwell  and  Ireton. 

•^  "  The  sword  of  the  Spirit,  which  is  the  word  of  God."   Ephesians  vi.  17. 

"^  Some  sectaries  had  a  violent  aversion  to  the  surplice,  which  they  called 
a  rag  of  Popery.  Camisado  is  an  expedition  by  night,  in  which  the  soldiers 
sometimes  wear  their  shirts,  called  a  camisade  (from  the  Greek  kuuktiov. 


CAKTO   II.]  HCDIBEAS.  339 

That  Gifts  and  Dispensations  hinder' d. 

And  turn'd  to  th'  outward  man  the  inward ; '  3O0 

More  proper  for  the  eloiidy  night 

Of  Popery  than  gospel-light : 

Others  were  for  abolishing 

That  tool  of  matrimony,  a  ring,' 

With  which  th'  unsanetify'd  bridegroom  305 

Is  marry'd  only  to  a  thumb,^ 

As  ^vise  as  ringing  of  a  pig, 

That  us'd  to  break  up  ground,  and  dig ; 

The  bride  to  nothing  but  her  "  will,"  * 

That  nulls  the  after-marriage  still :  310 

I.atin  camisia,  a  surplice),  over  their  clothes,  that  they  may  be  distinguisbi  J 
by  their  comrades. 

'  Transferred  the  purity  which  should  remain  in  the  heart  to  the  veet- 
ment  on  the  back. 

'  Persons  contracting  matrimony  were  to  publish  their  intentions  in  the 
next  town,  on  three  market  days,  and  afterwards  the  contract  was  to  be 
certified  by  a  jastice  of  the  peace :  no  ring  was  used,  as  in  the  new  Marriage 
Law. 

'  The  word  tfiumb  is  used  for  the  s.ike  of  rhyme,  the  ring  heini;  put 
by  the  bridegroom  upon  the  fourth  finger  of  the  woman's  left  hand ; 
and  something  more  may  be  meant  than  meets  the  ear,  a.s  the  following 
extract  from  Xo.  614  of  the  Spectator  seems  to  intimate :  *'  Before  I  speak 
of  widows,  I  cannot  but  observe  one  thing,  which  I  do  not  know  how 
to  account  for ;  a  widow  is  always  more  sought  after  than  an  old  maid  of 
the  same  age.  It  is  common  enough  among  ordinary  people  for  r.  stale 
virgin  to  set  up  a  shop  in  a  place  where  she  is  not  known ;  where  the  larye 
thumb  ring,  supposed  to  be  given  her  by  her  husband,  quickly  ntommends 
her  to  some  wcalthv  neighbour,  who  takes  a  liking  to  tlie  jolly  widow  that 
would  have  overlooked  the  venerable  spinster."     Falstaff  says : 

"  I  could  have  crept  into  any  alderman's  thumb  ring." 

I.  Henry  IV.,  Act  ii.  sc.  4. 

•  Mr  'Warburton  thinks  this  an  equivoque,  alluding  to  the  response  which 
the  bride  makes  in  the  marriage  ceremonv — "  I  will."  But  the  poet  may 
imply  that  a  woman  binds  herself  to  nothing  but  her  own  will,  for  he  else- 
where says : 

The  aooli  of  women  are  so  small. 
That  some  believe  th*  have  none  at  aU ; 
Or,  if  they  have,  like  cripples,  still, 
They've  but  one  faculty,  thi'  will. 

Genuine  Uuniaius,  Tol.  i.  p.  246. 
Z  3 


340  HTJDIBBAS.  [PAET   Hi. 

Some  were  for  th'  utter  extirpati  on 

Of  liusey-woolsey  in  the  nation; 

And  some  against  all  idolizing 

The  cross  in  shop-books,  or  baptizing ;  ^ 

Others  to  make  all  things  recant  313 

The  Christian  or  simame  of  Saint,^ 

And  force  all  churches,  streets,  and  towns, 

The  holy  title  to  renounce ; 

Some  'gainst  a  third  estate  of  souls. 

And  bringing  down  the  price  of  coals  ;  *  320 

Some  for  abolishing  black-pudding, 

And  eating  nothing  with  the  blood  in,* 

To  abrogate  them  roots  and  branches ;  * 

While  others  were  for  eating  haunches 

Of  warriors,  and  now  and  then,  326 

The  flesh  of  kings  and  mighty  men  ; 

'  Were  for  Judaiziug.  The  Jewish  law  forbids  the  use  of  a  garment  made 
of  linen  and  woollen.     Lev.  xix.  19. 

'  The  Presbyterians  thought  it  superstitious  and  Popish  to  use  the  sign 
of  the  cross  in  baptism ;  Butler  satirizes  that  notion  by  representing  them 
as  regarding  it  idolatrous  for  tradesmen  to  make  a  cross  in  their  books,  as 
a  sign  of  payment. 

'  Streets,  parishes,  churches,  public  foundations,  and  even  the  apostles 
themselves,  were  unsainted  for  some  years  preceding  the  Restoration,  so  that 
St  Paul's  was  necessarily  called  Paul's,  St  Ann's,  Ann's,  &c.  See  the  Spec- 
tator, No.  125. 

*  The  first  line  may  allude  to  the  doctrine  of  the  intermediate  state,  in 
which  some  supposed  the  soul  to  continue  from  the  time  of  its  leaving  the 
body  to  the  resurrection ;  or  else  it  may  allude  to  the  Popish  doctrine  of 
purgatory.  The  former  subject  was  warmly  discussed  about  this  time.  The 
exorbitant  price  of  coals  was  then  loudly  complained  of.  Sir  Arthur  Hazel- 
rigg  laid  a  tax  of  four  shillings  a  chaldron  upon  Newcastle  coals,  when  he 
was  governor  there.  Many  petitions  were  presented  against  the  tax  ;  and 
various  schemes  proposed  for  reducing  the  price  of  them.    Shakspeare  says  : 

A  pair  of  tribunes  that  have  sack'd  fair  Rome 

To  make  coals  cheap.  Coriolanus,  Act  v.  sc.  1. 

^  The  Judaizing  sect,  who  were  for  introducing  Jewish  customs. 

'  Clarendon  mentions  a  set  of  levellers,  who  were  called  root  and  branch 
men,  in  opposition  to  others  who  were  of  more  moderate  principles.  To 
abrogate,  that  is,  that  they  might  utterly  abrogate  or  renounce  everything 
that  had  blood,  while  others  were  for  eating  haunches,  alluding  to  Revela- 
tion xix.  18,  "That   ye  might  eat  the  flesh  of  kings,  and  the  flesh  of 


CANTO    II.]  nUDIBKAS.  341 

And  some  for  breaking  of  their  bones 

With  rods  of  iron,'  bv  Secret  ones;* 

For  thrashiiij^  mountains,'  and  witli  spells 

For  hallowins;  carriers'  packs  and  bells;*  330 

Tliiiiijs  that  tlie  Icijend  never  heard  of, 

But  made  the  wicked  sore  afeard  of 

'Ihe  quacks  of  g;overnment  *  who  sate 
At  th'  unregarded  helm  of  state, 

And  understood  this  wild  confusion  385 

Of  fatal  madness  and  delusion, 
Must,  sooner  than  a  jirodigy, 
Portend  destruction  to  be  nigh, 
Consider'd  timely  how  t'  withdraw, 
And  save  their  wind-jnpes  from  the  law ;  340 

For  one  rencounter  at  the  bar 
"Was  worse  than  all  they'd  'scap'd  in  war  ; 
And  therefore  met  in  consultation 
To  cant  and  (juack  upon  the  nation ; 
Not  for  the  sickly  patient's  sake,  846 

Nor  what  to  give,  but  what  to  take ; 
To  feel  the  jmlses  of  tlu^ir  fees, 
IMore  wise  than  fumbling  arteries  ; 
Prolong  the  snuft"  of  life  in  pain, 
And  from  the  grave  recover — gain.  8S0 

enptains,  and  the  flesh  of  mij;hty  men,  and  the  flesh  of  horses,  and  of  them 
that  sit  on  them,  and  the  flesh  of  all  men,  both  free  and  bond,  both  small 
and  CTcat." 

'  Ridiculing  the  prartice,  so  common  in  those  days,  of  expressing  every 
sentiment  in  terms  of  Scripture.  He  alludes  perhaps  to  Psalm  ii.  9,  IsaiaK 
xli.  1-5,  and  Revelation  xix.  15. 

»  The  83rd  I'salm  and  3rd  verse  is  thus  translated  in  their  favourite 
Genevan  text :  "  \m\  taken  counsel  a^'ainst  thv  secret  ones."  See  this  ex- 
pression used  V.  OSl,  «97,  and  70G  of  this  cantu. 

"  A  snrer  at  the  cant  of  the  Fifth  Monarchy  Men,  for  their  misapplica- 
tion of  the  text  Isjiiah  xli.  15. 

*  Zachariah  xiv.  20. 

»  Thinjs  which  the  Scriptures  never  intended,  but  which  the  wicked,  that 
is,  the  warri.irs,  kinjr^,  and  mighty  men,  were  afraid  of. 

«  These  were  Iliillis,  .Anthony  Ashley  Cooper,  fJriinstonc,  .\nne.sley,  Man- 
chester, Roberts,  and  others;  who  perceiving  that  Richard  Cromwell  was 
unable  to  conduct  the  government,  and  that  the  various  schemers,  who  d.iily 
started  up,  would  divide  the  party,  and  facilitate  the  restoration  of  the  royal 
family,  thought  it  prudent  to  take  care  of  themselves,  and  secure  their  owa 
interests  with  -da  much  haste  as  possible. 


342  HTTDIBBA8.  [PABT   III. 

'Mong  these  there  was  a  poMician, 
"With  more  heads  than  a  beast  in  yision,' 
And  more  intrigues  in  every  one 
Than  all  the  whores  of  Babylon ; 
So  politic,  as  if  one  eye  355 

Upon  the  other  were  a  spy,' 
That  to  trepan  the  one  to  think 
The  other  blind,  both  strove  to  blink ; 
And  in  his  dark  pragmatic  way, 

As  busy  as  a  child  at  play.  360 

He  'ad  seen  three  governments  run  down,' 
And  had  a  hand  in  ev'ry  one ; 
Was  for  'em,  and  against  'em  all,'' 
But  barb'rous  when  they  came  to  fall : 
for  by  trepanning  th'  old  to  ruin,  365 

He  made  his  int'rest  with  the  new  one ; 
Play'd  true  and  faithful,  tho'  against 
His  conscience,  and  was  still  advanc'd : 

>  Alluding  to  Sir  Anthony  Ashley  Cooper,  afterwards  Earl  of  Shaftesbury, 
mentioned  in  the  last  note.  Prom  an  absurd  defamation  that  he  had  the 
vanity  to  expect  to  be  chosen  king  of  Poland,  he  was  by  many  called  Tapsky, 
and  by  others,  on  account  of  his  general  conduct,  he  was  nicknamed  Shiftet- 
bury.  But  whatever  the  shafts  levelled  at  him  by  the  wits  of  the  time, 
it  must  never  be  forgotten  that  he  carried  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act  through 
Parliament. 

'  Lord  Shaftesbury  bad  weak  eyes,  and  squinted. 

3  Those  of  the  King,  the  Parliament,  and  the  Protector.  First  he  waa 
high  sheriff  of  Dorsetshire,  governor  of  Weymouth,  and  raised  some  forces 
tor  the  king's  service.  Next  he  joined  the  Parliament,  took  the  Covenant, 
and  was  made  colonel  of  a  regiment  of  horse.  Afterwards  he  was  a  very 
busy  person  in  setting  up  Cromwell  to  be  lord  protector ;  and  then  again 
was  quite  as  active  in  deposing  Kiohard,  and  restoring  the  Rump.  Bishop 
Burnet  says  of  him,  that  he  was  not  ashamed  to  reckon  up  the  many  turns 
he  had  made,  and  valued  himself  upon  effecting  them  at  the  properest  sea- 
son, and  in  the  best  manner.  But  the  most  powerful  picture  of  him  is  that 
drawn  by  Dryden,  in  his  Absalom  and  Achitophel. 

For  close  designs  and  crooked  counsels  fit, 
Sagacious,  bold,  and  turbulent  of  wit ; 
Restkss,  unfix'd  in  principles  and  place, 
In  power  unpleas'd,  impatient  of  disgrace; 
In  friendship  false,  implacable  in  hate, 
Resolv'd  to  ruin  or  to  rule  the  state. 

*  Grey  says,  "  for  the  shameless  duplicity  of  Shaftesbury,  aee  Oie  interest 
iDg  memoirs  of  Col.  Hutchinson,  by  his  widow." 


CANTO    II.]  HUDIBRA8.  343 

For  by  the  Vntcheraft  of  rebellion 

Trnnsform'd  t'  a  feeble  state-camelion,'  370 

By  giving  aim  from  side  to  side, 

He  never  fail'd  to  save  his  tide, 

But  got  the  start  of  ev'ry  state, 

And  at  a  rhange,  ne'er  came  too  late ; 

Could  turn  his  word,  and  oath,  and  faith,  376 

As  many  ways  as  in  a  lathe ; 

Bv  turning,  wriggle,  like  a  screw, 

Int'  hitjhest  trust,  and  out,  for  new : 

For  when  he'd  happily  ineurr'd. 

Instead  of  hemp,  to  be  preferr'd,  880 

And  pass'd  upon  a  government,' 

He  play'd  his  trick,  and  out  he  went ; 

But  being  out,  and  out  of  hopes 

To  mount  his  ladder,  more,  of  ropes,* 

Would  strive  to  raise  himself  upon  •96 

The  public  ruin,  and  his  own ; 

So  little  did  he  understand 

The  desp'rate  feats  he  took  in  hand, 

For  when  he  'ad  got  himself  a  name 

For  frauds  and  tricks  he  spoil'd  his  game ;  390 

Had  forc'd  his  neck  into  a  noose, 

To  show  his  play  at  fast  and  loose;* 

And,  when  he  chanc'd  t'  eseajje,  mistook, 

For  art  and  subtlety,  his  luck. 

So  right  his  judgment  was  cut  fit,  J96 

And  made  a  tally  to  liis  wit, 

And  both  together  most  profound 

At  deeds  of  darkness  under-ground  ; 

'  The  camelion  is  said  to  assume  the  colour  of  the  nearest  objecU 

•  That  is,  passed  himself  upon  the  government. 

'  It  was  in  clandestine  designs,  such  as  house-breaking  and  the  like,  thai 
rope-ladders  were  chiefly  used  in  our  poet's  time. 

♦  Fait  and  loo4e,  called  also  Pricking  at  the  belt,  or  girdle,  or  ganer, 
a  cheating  game  still  in  vogue  amon?  gypsies  and  trampcrs  at  fairs.  A 
leathern  l>ilt  or  garter  is  coiled  up  in  intricato  folds,  but  with  all  the  appear 
ance  of  having  an  ordinary  centre,  and  then  placed  upon  a  table.  Tiic  object 
of  the  player  is  to  prick  the  centre  f<ild  with  a  skowcr,  so  as  to  hold  fast  the 
belt,  but  the  trickster  takes  hold  of  the  ends,  which  arc  double,  and  dr.iwt 
the  whole  awav.  The  game  is  now  commonly  played  with  a  piece  of  list, 
and  called  Pricking  at  the  garter.  Shakspeiire  alludes  to  it  in  Antony  anil 
Cleopatra,  Act  iv.  sc.  10,  and  in  Love's  Labour  Lost,  Act  iii.  sc    1. 


410 


US 


34*  HTDIBBA8.  [paET   III. 

As  th'  eartli  is  easiest  undermiji'd, 

By  vermia  impotent  and  blind.*  400 

By  aJl  these  arts,  and  many  more, 
He'd  practis'd  long  and  much  before, 
Our  state-artificer  foresaw 
Which  way  the  world  begun  to  draw : 
Por  as  old  sinners  have  all  points  406 

O'  th'  compass  in  their  bones  and  joints, 
Can  by  their  pangs  and  aches  find 
All  turns  and  changes  of  the  wind, 
And  better  than  by  Napier's  bones,^ 
Peel  in  their  own  the  age  of  moons  ; 
So  guilty  sinners,  in  a  state, 
Can  by  their  crimes  prognosticate. 
And  in  their  consciences  feel  pain 
Some  days  before  a  show'r  of  rain  : 
He  therefore  wisely  cast  about 
All  ways  he  could  t'  ensure  his  throat, 
And  hither  came,  t'  observe  and  smoke 
What  courses  other  riskers  took, 
And  to  the  utmost  do  his  best 
To  save  himself,  and  hang  the  rest.  420 

To  match  this  saint  there  was  another, 
As  busy  and  perverse  a  brother,' 

!>  I'^^'^jP?^'  probably  means  earthworms,  wbich  are  still  more  impotent 
and  blind  than  moles. 
2  See  "Napier's  bones"  explained  at  page  257. 

J  It  is  supposed  that  this  character  is  intended  for  Colonel  John  Lilburn 
whose  repugnance  to  all,  especially  regal,  authority,  manifested  itself  in 
whatever  shape  it  appeared,  whether  Monarchy  or  Protectorate.  He  had 
Dees  seTcrely  censured  in  the  Star-chamber  for  dispersing  seditious 
pamphlets,  and  on  that  account  was  afterwards  rewarded  by  the  Parliament 
and  preferred  by  Cromwell.  But  when  Cromwell  was  made  Protector! 
Lilburn  forsook  hira,  and  afterwards  writing  and  speaking  vehemently  was 
arraigned  of  treason.  He  was  an  uncompromising  leveUer,  and  stron"' 
opponent  of  all  that  was  uppermost ;  a  man  of  such  an  inveterate  spirit  0I 
contradiction,  that  it  was  commonly  said  of  him,  if  the  world  were  emptied 
of  aU  but  himself,  John  would  be  against  Lilburn,  and  Lilburn  against  John ; 
which  part  of  his  character  gave  occasion  to  the  following  lines  at  his  death ; 

Is  John  departed,  and  is  Lilburn  gone  .> 

Farewell  to  both,  to  Lilburn  and  to  John. 

Yet  being  dead,  take  this  advice  from  me, 

Let  them  not  both  in  one  grave  buried  be ; 

Lay  John  here,  and  Lilburn  thereabout, 

For  if  thej  both  should  meet  they  would  fall  out 


CASTO   II.]  HUDIBKAS.  343 

An  haberdasher  of  small  wares ' 

In  politics  and  state  aflairs  ; 

More  Jew  than  Eabb'  Achithophel,*  425 

And  better  gifted  to  rebel ; 

For  when  h'  had  taught  his  tribe  to  'spouse 

The  Cause,  aloft  upon  one  house, 

He  scorn'd  to  set  his  own  in  order. 

But  try'd  another,  and  went  further  ;  430 

So  sullenly  addicted  still 

To  's  only  principle,  his  will, 

That  whatsoe'er  it  clianc'd  to  prove, 

No  force  of  argument  could  move, 

Nor  law,  nor  cavalcade  of  Ho'born,'  436 

Could  render  half  a  grain  less  stubborn  ; 

For  he  at  any  time  would  hang, 

For  th'  opportunity  t'  harangue  ; 

And  rather  on  a  gibbet  dangle. 

Than  miss  his  dear  delight,  to  wrangle;  440 

In  which  his  parts  were  so  accomplish'd, 

That,  right  or  WTong,  he  ne'er  was  nou-plust : 

But  still  his  tongue  ran  on,  the  less 

Of  weight  it  bore,  with  greater  ease  ; 

And,  with  its  everlasting  clack,  416 

Set  all  men's  ears  upon  the  rack : 

No  sooner  could  a  hint  appear, 

But  up  he  started  to  picqueer,* 

And  made  the  stoutest  yield  to  mercy, 

When  he  engag'd  in  controversy  ;  450 

Not  by  the  force  of  carnal  reason. 

But  indefatigable  teazing ; 

AVitli  vollies  of  eternal  babble. 

And  clamour,  more  unanswerable : 

'  Lnbnm  had  been  bred  a  tradesman  :  Clarendon  says  a  bookbinder,  but 
Wood  makes  him  a  packer. 

•  Achithophcl  w;i3  one  of  David's  counsellors  who  joined  the  rebellious 
Absalom,  and  assisled  him  with  very  artful  advice  ;  but  hanged  hirasel/ 
when  it  wxs  not  imnlicitly  followed.     2  Somucl  xvii.  23. 

'  When  criminalH  were  executed  at  Tyhurn,  thev  were  jjenerally  con- 
veyed in  carts,  by  the  sheriff  and  his  attcndanU  on  horseback,  from  New- 
gate, alonp  Holhom,  and  Oxford-street. 

•  A  military  term,  which  signifies  to  skirmish. 


■3*6  HtJDIBEAS.  [past  m 

Por  tho'  his  topics,  frail  and  weak,  451 

Cou'd  ne'er  amount  above  a  freak, 

He  still  maintain'd  'em  like  his  faults, 

Against  the  desp'ratest  assaults  ; 

And  back'd  their  feeble  want  of  sense, 

With  greater  heat  and  confidence :  '  46fl 

As  bones  of  Hectors,  when  they  differ. 

The  more  they  're  cudgell'd,  grow  the  stifl'er.'' 

Tet  when  his  profit  moderated,^ 

The  fury  of  his  heat  abated ; 

For  nothing  but  his  interest  465 

Could  lay  his  devil  of  contest : 

It  was  his  choice,  or  chance,  or  curse, 

T'  espouse  the  Cause  for  better  or  worse, 

And  vsdth  his  worldly  goods  and  wit. 

And  soul  and  body,  worshipp'd  it :  *  47a 

But  when  he  found  the  sullen  trapes 

Possess' d  with  th'  devil,  worms,  and  claps  ; 

The  Trojan  mare,  in  foal  with  Greeks,^ 

Not  half  so  full  of  jadish  tricks, 

Tho'  squeamish  in  her  outward  woman,  475 

As  loose  and  rampant  as  Doll  Common ; ' 

He  still  resolv'd  to  mend  the  matter, 

T'  adhere  and  cleave  the  obstinater  ; 

And  still  the  skittisher  and  looser 

Her  freaks  appeared,  to  sit  the  closer ;  490 

For  fools  are  stubborn  in  their  way. 

As  coins  are  harden'd  by  th'  allay  :' 


.  .7 


1  When  Lilburn  was  arraigned  for  treason  against  Cromwell,  lie  pleaded 
at  his  trial  that  no  treason  could  be  committed  against  such  a  government, 
and  what  he  had  done  was  in  defence  of  the  liberties  of  his  country. 

'  A  pun  upon  the  word  stitfer. 

'  That  is,  swayed  and  governed  him. 

•  Alluding  to  the  words  in  the  office  of  matrimony  :  "  With  my  body  I 
thee  worship,  and  with  all  my  worldly  goods  I  thee  endow." 

'  Alluding  to  the  stratagem  of  the  Wooden  Horse  at  the  siege  of  Troy. 
See  Virgil's  ^-Etieid,  Book  II. 

6  A  prostitute  in  Ben  Jonson's  play  of  The  Alchyraist. 

'  Allay  and  allot/  were  in  Butler's  time  used  indifferently,  although  now 
employed  in  an  opposite  sense.  The  more  copper  a  silver  coin  containB,  th« 
harder  it  is;  gold  coins  contain  two  pirts,  in  ev.rj  twenty-four,  of  alloy. 


CAHTO   IT.]  HUDIBRA8.  347 

And  obstinacy's  ne'er  so  stiff, 
As  when  'tis  in  a  wrong  belief.' 

These  two,  with  others,  being  met,*  485 

And  close  in  consultation  set, 
After  a  discontented  pause. 
And  not  without  sutticient  cause, 
The  orator  we  mention'd  late, 

Less  trouliled  with  the  pantjs  of  state,  490 

Than  with  his  own  impatience. 
To  give  himself  first  audience. 
After  he  had  awhile  look'd  wise. 
At  last  broke  silence,  and  the  ice. 

Quoth  he.  There's  nothinir  makes  me  doubt         495 
Our  last  Outgoings'  brought  about. 
More  than  to  see  the  characters 
Of  real  Jealousies  and  Fears 
Not  feign'd,  as  once,  but  sadly  horrid,* 
Scor'd  upon  ev'ry  member's  forehead  ;  600 

Who,  'cause  the  clouds  are  drawn  together, 
And  threaten  sudden  change  of  weather, 
Feels  pangs  and  aches  of  state-turns, 
And  revolutions  in  their  corns  ; 

'  The  same  sentiment  is  differently  expressed  in  the  Remains,  vol.  i 
page  ISI : 

For  as  implicit  faith  is  far  more  stiff, 

Than  that  which  understands  its  own  belief; 

So  those  that  think,  and  do  but  think  they  know, 

Are  far  more  obstinate  tlian  those  that  do; 

And  more  averse,  than  if  they'd  ne'er  been  taught 

A  wrong  way,  to  a  right  one  to  be  brought. 

»  A  cabal  mot  at  WTiitehall,  at  the  same  time  that  General  Monk  dined 
with  the  city  of  London. 

'  Outgoings  and  workings-out  are  among  the  cant  terms  used  by  Sect- 
aries, referred  to  in  a  note  at  pasc  X.  "  The  Xoiicnnfurmist"  (says  But- 
ler, in  his  Remains)  "  does  not  care  to  have  anything  founded  on  right,  but 
left  at  large  to  the  dispensation  and  ovtgnings  of  IVovidence." 

«  Not  feigned  and  pretended  as  formerly,  in  the  beginning  of  the  Parlia- 
ment, when  they  stirred  up  the  people  against  the  king,  by  forging  letters, 
•ubomirfg  witnesses,  and  making  an  outcrv  of  strange  |)lots  being  carried  on, 
and  hoiriblc  d.ingers  being  at  band.  For  instanre,  the  people  were  in- 
censed bv  reports  that  the  Papists  were  about  to  fire  their  houses,  and  cut 
their  throats  while  they  were  at  cbiireh;  that  troops  of  soldiers  were  kept 
«nder-gTound  to  do  execution  upon  them  ;  and  even  that  the  Thames  w«l 
to  be  blown  up  with  gunpowder.     Bates's  Elcnch.  Mutuum. 


34S  HtJDlBHA.S.  [PABT   III. 

And,  since  our  workings-out  are  crost,  505 

Throw  up  the  Cause  before  'tis  lost. 

Was  it  to  run  away  we  meant, 

"Who,  talcing  of  the  Covenant, 

The  lamest  cripples  of  the  brothers 

Took  oaths  to  run  before  all  others,'  610 

But  in  their  own  sense,  only  swore, 

To  strive  to  run  away  before. 

And  now  would  prove,  that  words  and  oath 

Engage  us  to  renounce  them  both  ? 

'Tis  true  the  Cause  is  in  the  lurch,  515 

Between  a  right  and  mongrel-church  ; 

The  Presbyter  and  Independent, 

That  stickle  which  shall  make  an  end  on't 

As  'twas  made  out  to  us  the  last 

Expedient,— I  mean  Marg'ret's  fast;*  620 

When  Providence  had  been  suborn' d, 

What  answer  was  to  be  return'd;^ 

Else  why  should  tumults  fright  us  now, 

We  have  so  many  times  gone  thro'. 

And  understand  as  well  to  tame  625 

As,  when  they  serve  our  turns,  t'  inflame  ? 

'  These  were  the  words  used  in  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant :  "  our 
true  and  unfeigned  purpose  is,  each  one  to  go  before  another  in  the  example 
of  a  real  reformation." 

'  The  lectures  and  exercises  delivered  on  days  of  public  devotion  were 
called  expedients.  Besides  twenty-five  days  of  solemn  fasting  and  humili- 
ation on  extraordinary  occasions,  there  was  a  fast  kept  every  month  for 
about  eight  years  together.  The  Commons  attended  divine  service  in  St 
Margaret's  church,  Westminster.  The  reader  will  observe  that  the  orator 
does  not  say  f^aint  Margaret's,  but  Margaret's  fast.  Some  of  the  sectaries, 
instead  of  Saint  Peter  or  Saint  Paul,  would,  in  derision,  say  Sir  Peter 
and  Sir  Paul.  See  note  at  page  54.  The  Parliament  petitioned  the 
kmg  for  fasts,  whUe  he  had  power ;  and  the  appointing  them  afterwards 
themselves,  was  an  expedient  they  made  use  of  to  alarm  and  deceive  the 
people,  who,  upon  such  an  occasion,  could  not  but  conclude  there  w:is  some 
more  than  ordinary  impending  danger,  or  some  important  business  carry- 
ing on.  ' 

3  "These  sectaries  pretended  a  great  familiarity  with  Heaven ;  and  when 
any  villany  was  to  be  transacted,  they  would  seem'in  their  prayers  to  propose 
their  doubts  and  scruples  to  God  Almighty,  and  after  having  debated  the 
matter  some  time  with  him,  they  would  turn  their  discourse,  and  bring  forth 
an  answer  suitable  to  their  designs,  wliich  the  people  were  to  look  upon  as 
•uggested  from  heaven.     See  note  at  page  66. 


OASTO   II.]  HITDIBRAS.  84D 

Have  prov'd  how  inconsiderable 

Are  all  Engagements  of  the  rabble, 

Whose  frenzies  must  be  reconcil'd 

"With  drums  and  rattles,  like  a  child,  620 

But  never  prov'd  so  prosperous 

As  when  they  were  led  on  by  ua ; 

For  all  our  scouring  of  religion 

Began  with  tumults  and  sedition ; 

When  hurricanes  of  fierce  commotion  635 

Became  strong  motives  to  devotion, 

As  carnal  seamen,  in  a  storm, 

Turn  pious  converts,  and  reform  ; 

When  rusty  weapons,  with  chalk'd  edges, 

Maintain'd  our  feeble  privileges,  510 

And  brown-biUs  levy'd  in  the  city,' 

Made  bills  to  pass  tlie  Grand  Committee  ; 

When  zeal,  with  aged  clubs  and  gleaves,* 

Gave  chase  to  rochets  and  white  sleeves,' 

And  made  the  church,  and  state,  and  laws,  64S 

Submit  t'  old  iron,  and  the  Cause. 

'  Apprentices  armed  with  occasional  weapons.  Ainsworfh,  in  bis  Dic- 
tionary, translates  tparum,  a  brown-bill.  Bishop  ^Varburton  savs,  to  fight 
with  rusty  or  poisoned  weapons  (see  Shakspeare's  Hamlet)  was  against  the 
law  of  arms.  So  when  the  citizens  used  tlie  former,  they  chalked  the  edo-es. 
Samuel  Johnson,  in  the  octavo  edition  of  his  Dictionary,  says,  "  broum-biU 
was  the  ancient  weapon  of  the  English  foot,"  so  called,  perhaps,  because 
sanguined  to  prevent  the  rust.  The  common  epithet  for  a  sword,  or  other 
offensive  weapon,  in  the  old  metrical  romances,  is  brown  :  as  brown  brand, 
or  brown  sword,  brown-bill,  &c.     Shakspeare  says : 

So  with  a  band  of  bowmen  and  of  pikes, 

Brown-biUs  and  targeteers  400  strong, 

I  come.  Edward  II.  Act  ii. 

[n  the  ballad  of  Robin  Hood  and  G;iy  of  Gisbome,  printed  in  Percy's 
Reliqucs,  line  1508,  we  have 

With  new  chalk'd  bills  and  rusty  arms. 

Butler,  in  his  >IS.  Common-place  book,  says,  "  the  confident  man's  wit  is 
like  a  watchman's  bill  with  a  chalked  e<lge,'that  pretends  to  sharpness,  only 
to  conceal  its  dull  bluntness  from  the  public  view." 

'  Zealots  armed  with  old  clubs  and  jleavea,  or  swords. 

'  Rochets  and  white  sleeves  arc  used  figuratively  for  the  bishops,  who 
were  the  objects  of  many  violent  popular  demnnstralioiM,  and  oilen  as- 
saulted by  armed  mobs*  in  the  beginning  of  the  troubles. 


560 


666 


350  HUDIBEAS.  [part  III. 

Ana  as  we  thriv'd  by  tumults  then, 

So  might  we  better  now  agen, 

If  we  knew  how,  as  then  we  did, 

To  use  them  rightly  in  our  need :  550 

Tumults,  by  which  the  mutinous 

Betray  themselves  instead  of  us  ; 

The  hollow-hearted,  disaffected, 

And  close  malignant  are  detected ; 

Who  lay  their  lives  and  fortunes  down,  555 

For  pledges  to  secure  our  own ; 

And  freely  sacrifice  their  ears 

T'  appease  our  jealousies  and  fears. 

And  yet  for  all  these  providences 

W  are  offer'd,  if  we  had  our  senses, 

We  idly  sit,  like  stupid  blockheads. 

Our  hands  committed  to  our  pockets, 

And  nothing  but  our  tongues  at  large, 

To  get  the  wretches  a  discharge  : 

Like  men  condemn'd  to  thunder-bolts. 

Who,  ere  the  blow,  become  mere  dolts;' 

Or  fools  besotted  with  their  crimes 

That  know  not  how  to  shift  betimes. 

And  neither  have  the  hearts  to  stay,' 

Nor  wit  enough  to  run  away :  '  670 

Who,  if  we  could  resolve  on  either, 

Might  stand  or  fall  at  least  together ; 

No  mean  nor  trivial  solaces 

To  partners  in  extreme  distress. 

Who  use  to  lessen  their  despairs,  575 

By  parting  them  int'  equal  share's ; 

As  if  the  more  they  were  to  bear  * 

They  felt  the  weight  the  easier ;  ' 

And  ev'ry  one  the  gentler  hung. 

The  more  he  took  his  turn  amo^ng.  58o 

But  'tis  not  come  to  that,  as  yet. 

If  we  had  courage  left,  or  wit ; 

killlTnrtl"''-^"'''"'^',''"'^  "^  °P'"'™  ^'^^  thunder  Bhipified  before  it 
kiUed,  and  there  ,s  a  well-known  proverb  to  this  effect.     Q,«m  De^^  vult 

1^1?'  ■^'•""/'■"'^""'V;  "M^hom  God  would  ruin  he  first  deprives  of  his 
eenses.     See  Aram.an.  MarcelHn.,  and  Pliny's  Natural  Historyf  II.  64. 
Some  editi  ms  read,  the  more  there  were  to  bear. 


CASTO  II.]  ^UD^5nA8.  351 

Who,  when  our  fate  can  be  no  worse, 

Are  fitted  for  tlie  liravest  course ; 

Have  time  to  rally,  and  prepare  585 

Our  last  and  best  defence,  despair : 

Despair,  bv  which  the  gallant'st  feats 

Have  been  achiev'd  in  fjreatest  straits, 

And  horrid' st  danr;ers  safely  wav'd, 

By  b'inij  coura<;;eonsly  ontbrav'd  ;  S»0 

As  wounds  bv  wider  wounds  are  heal'd, 

And  poisons  by  themselves  expell'd  : ' 

And  so  they  mii^ht  be  now  agen, 

If  we  were,  what  we  should  be,  men  ; 

And  not  so  didly  desperate.  696 

To  side  against  ourselves  with  fate : 

As  criminals,  condemn'd  to  suffer, 

Are  blinded  first,  and  then  turn'd  over. 

This  comes  of  breaking  covenants, 

And  setting  up  exempts  of  saints,*  800 

That  fine,  like  aldermen,  for  grace, 

To  be  excus'd  the  efficace  :' 

For  sp'ritual  men  are  too  transcendent. 

That  mount  tlieir  banks  for  independent,* 

To  hang,  like  Mah'met.  in  the  air,'*  606 

Or  St  Ignatius,  at  his  prayer,^ 

1  Sneering  at  Sir  Kcnelm  Digby,  and  others,  who  asserted  that  the  sting 
of  a  scorpion  was  curable  by  its  own  oil.     See  v.  1029  of  this  canto. 

'  Dispensing,  in  particular  instances,  with  the  covenant  and  obligations. 
Tn  the  early  editions,  exempts  is  printed  €xau7ts,  according  to  the  old 
French  pronunciation. 

'  Persons  who  arc  nominated  to  an  office,  and  pay  the  accustomed  fine, 
are  considered  tn  have  performed  the  service.  Thus,  sonii'  of  the  sectaries, 
if  they  paid  handsomely,  were  deemed  saints,  and  full  of  grace,  though, 
from  the  tenor  of  their  lives,  they  merited  no  such  distinction  ;  compounding 
for  their  want  of  real  grace,  that  they  might  be  excu.sed  the  drudgery  of 
good  works ;  for  spiritual  men  are  too  transcendent  to  grovel  in  good  works, 
namely,  those  sjiiritual  men  that  mount  their  banks  for  independent.  Ef- 
Jiatce  signifiis  actual  performance. 

'  Etre  stir  lei  bancs  is  tn  hi>ld  a  dispute,  to  assert  a  claim,  to  contest  a 
right  or  an  honour;   tn  be  a  competitor. 

'  They  need  no  such  support  as  the  body  of  Mahomet ;  which  legends 
arerred  was  suspended  in  tnc  air,  by  being  placed  in  a  steel  coffin,  between 
two  magnets  of  equal  power. 

•  Ignatius  Loyola,  the  founder  of  the  Jesuits.  An  old  soldier  i  at  the 
rie)^  of  rampeliina  by  the  French  he  had  both  his  legs  wounded,  the  left 


852  HrDIBEAB.  [PABT  HI. 

By  pure  geometry,  and  hate 

Dependence  upon  church  or  state ; 

Disdain  the  pedantry  o'  th'  letter,' 

And  since  obedience  is  better,  610 

The  Scripture  says,  than  sacrifice. 

Presume  the  less  on't  will  suffice ; 

And  scorn  to  have  the  moderat'st  stints 

Prescrlb'd  their  peremptory  hints, 

Or  any  opinion,  true  or  false,  615 

Declar'd  as  such,  in  doctrinals  ; 

But  left  at  large  to  make  their  best  on. 

Without  b'ing  call'd  t'  account  or  quest'on : 

Interpret  all  the  spleen  reveals. 

As  Whittington  esplain'd  the  bells  ; "  620 

And  bid  themselves  turn  back  agen 

Lord  May'rs  of  New  Jerusalem  ; 

But  look  so  big  and  overgrow-n. 

They  scorn  their  edifiers  t'  own, 

"Who  taught  them  all  their  sprinkling  lessons,        625 

Their  tones,  and  sanctify'd  expressions  ; 

Bestow' d  their  gifts  upon  a  saint. 

Like  charity,  on  those  that  want ; 

And  learn'd  th'  apocryphal  bigots 

T'  inspire  themselves  with  shorthand  notes,^  630 

For  which  they  scorn  and  hate  them  worse 

Than  dogs  and  cats  do  sow-gelders : 
by  a  stone,  the  right  hroken  by  a  bullet.    His  fervours  in  devotion  were  so 
strong  that,  according  to  the  legend,  they  sometimes  raised  him  two  cubits 
from  the  ground,  and  sustained  him  for  a  considerable  time  together. 

'  That  is,  they  did  not  suffer  their  consciences  to  be  controlled  by  the  let- 
ter of  Scripture,  but  rather  interpreted  Scripture  by  their  consciences. 

=  Every  one  knows  the  legend  of  Dick  ^^^littington,  wlio,  having  run  airay 
from  his  master  as  far  as  Highgate,  heard  the  bells  of  Bow  ringing 
Turn  again  "Whittington 
Thrice  Mayor  of  Loudon. 
An  augury  which  he  obeyed,  and  in  time  realized,  being  Lord  Mayor  in  the 
years  1397,  1406,  and  1419;  he  also  amassed  a  fortune  of  £350.000      See 
i  atler,  No.  78. 

•'  Learn'd,  that  is,  taught,  in  which  sense  it  is  used  bv  the  old  poets. 
Apocryphal  bigots,  not  genuine  ones,  some  suppose  to  be  a' kind  of  second- 
rate  Independent  dmnes,  that  availed  themselves  of  the  genuine  bigot's  or 
1  rcsbyteriau  minister's  discourse,  by  taking  down  the  heads  of  it  in  short- 
hand,  and  then  retailing  it  at  private  meetings.  The  accent  is  laid  upon 
•he  last  syllable  of  bigot. 


CANTO  ii.j  nrniBEAS.  353 

For  who  first  bred  them  up  to  pray, 

And  teach  the  House  of  Commons  way  ? 

Where  had  they  all  their  gifted  phrases,  63S 

But  from  our  Calamies  and  Cases?  ' 

Without  whose  spriukeling  and  sowing. 

Whoe'er  had  heard  of  Nye  or  Owen  ?  ^ 

Their  dispensations  had  been  stilled, 

But  for  our  Adouiram  Byfield  ; '  61 1 

And  had  they  not  begun  the  war, 

They  'd  ne'er  been  sainted  as  they  arp  :  * 

For  saints  in  peace  degenerate, 

And  dwindle  down  to  reprobate  ; 

Their  zeal  corrupts,  like  standing  water,  645 

lu  th'  intervals  of  war  and  slaughter  ; 

'  Calamywas  minister  of  Aldermanbury,  London,  a  zealous  Presbyterian 
■nd  Covenanter,  and  frequent  preacher  before  the  Parliament.  He  was  one 
of  the  first  who  whispered  iu  the  conventicles,  what  afterward  he  proclaimed 
openlv,  that  for  the  cause  of  religion  it  was  lawful  for  the  subjects  to  take 
op  ariiis  against  the  king.  Case,  also,  a  Presbyterian,  upon  the  donrivation 
or  a  loyalist,  became  minister  of  Saint  Mary-JIagdalen  church,  Milk-street; 
where  it  w.as  usual  with  him  thus  to  invite  his  people  to  the  communion: 
"  Ynu  that  have  fiecly  and  liberally  contributed  to  the  Parliament,  for  the 
defence  of  God's  cause  and  the  go-^pV',  draw  near,"  &c.,  instead  of  tlie  wonls, 
"  Yc  that  do  truly  and  earnestly  repent  you  of  your  sins."  He  was  one  of 
the  Assembly  of  Divines,  preached  for  the  Covenant,  and  printed  his  sermon ; 
preached  often  before  the  Parliament,  was  a  bitter  enemy  to  Independents, 
and  concerned  with  Love  in  his  plot. 

'  Philip  Xye  was  an  Independent  preacher,  zealous  against  the  king  and 
bishops  bevoiid  most  of  his  brethren.  He  went  on  purpose  into  .Scotland 
to  eipedite'the  Covenant,  and  preached  before  both  Houses  in  England,  when 
that  obligation  was  taken  by  tliem.  Ho  was  at  first  a  Presbyterian,  and  one 
of  the  Asscmblv ;  but  afterwards  left  them.  At  the  Restoration,  it  was  de- 
bated by  the  Healing  Parliament,  for  several  hours,  whether  he  should  not 
be  excepted  from  life.  Doctor  Owen  was  t)ic  most  eminent  divine  (if  tlie 
Independents,  and  in  great  credit  with  Cromwell.  He  was  promoted  l)y  them 
to  the  deanery  of  Christehnrch,  of  Oxford.  In  1651,  being  vice-ehan'eellor, 
ho  offered  to  i-eprcsent  the  university  in  Parliament ;  and,  to  remove  tlic  ob- 
jection of  his  being  a  dirinc,  renounced  his  orders,  and  pleaded  that  he  was 
a  layman.  He  was  returned;  but  his  election  being  questioned  in  the  com- 
mittee, he  sat  only  n  short  time. 

'  Bvfield,  originally  an  apotliecarv,  w.as  a  noted  Presbyterian,  chaplain 
to  Colonel  Cholmondely's  regiment,  I'n  the  Karl  of  Essex's  army,  and  one  of 
the  scribes  to  the  Assembly  of  Divines.  Afterwards  he  became  minister  of 
Collingbom,  in  Wilts,  and  a-ssistant  to  the  commissioners  in  ejecting  scan- 
dalous ministers. 

♦  Had  not  the  dinnes,  on  the  Presbyterian  side,  fomented  the  ditt'erencc!, 
the  Independents  would  never  have  come  into  play,  ot  been  taken  notice  of. 

2  .1 


354  HTTBIBEAS.  PPABT    III. 

Abates  the  sharpness  of  its  edge, 

Without  the  pow'r  of  sacrilege  ; ' 

And  the'  they  've  tricks  to  cast  their  sins, 

As  easy  's  serpents  do  their  skins,  650 

That  in  a  while  grow  out  agen, 

In  peace  they  turn  mere  carnal  men, 

And  from  the  most  refin'd  of  saints. 

As  nat'rally  grow  miscreants 

As  barnacles  turn  soland  geese  65S 

In  th'  islands  of  the  Orcades.^ 

Their  Dispensation's  but  a  ticket 

For  their  conforming  to  the  wicked. 

With  whom  their  greatest  difference 

Lies  more  in  words  and  show,  than  sense :  660 

'  That  is,  if  thoj  hare  not  the  power  and  opportunity  of  committing  sa- 
crilege, by  plundering  the  church  lands. 

^  This  was  a  common  notion  with  the  early  Naturalists,  and  is  among  the 
figured  wonders  in  Olaus  Magmia  de  Gentibus  Septentrionalibus,  155.5, 
Gerald's  Herbal,  Gofofredi  Archoiitolot/ia  Cosmica,  and  several  other  old 
folios.  But  the  poet  is  probably  hitting  at  the  Royal  Society,  who,  in 
their  twelfth  volume  of  the  Philosophical  Transactions,  No.  137,  p.  925 
give  Sir  Robert  Moray's  account  of  Barnacles  hanging  upon  trees,  each 
containing  a  little  bird,  so  completely  formed,  tliat  nothing  appeared 
wanting,  as  to  the  external  parts,  for  making  up  a  perfect  sea  -fowl :  tlie 
little  bill,  like  that  of  a  goose ;  the  eyes  marked ;  the  head,  neck,  breast 
and  wings,  tail,  and  feet  formed;  the  feathers  every  way  perfectly  sha]icd, 
and  blackish  coloured;  and  the  feet  like  those  of  otlier  water  fowls. 
Pennant  explains  this  by  observing  that  the  Barnacle  (Lepas  anatifera) 
is  furnished  with  a  feathered  beard,  which,  in  a  ci'edulous  age,  was  believed 
to  be  part  of  a  young  bird ;  it  is  often  found  adhering  to  the  bottoms  of 
ships.  Sir  John  Mandeville,  in  his  Voyages,  says,  "  In  my  country  tliere 
are  trees  that  do  bear  fruit  that  become  birds  iiying,  and'  they  are  good 
to  eat,  and  that  which  falls  in  the  water  lives,  and  that  which  falls  on  the 
earth  dies."  Hector  Boetius,  in  his  History  of  Scotland,  tells  us  of  a 
goose-bearing  tree,  as  it  is  called  in  the  Orcades :  that  is,  one  whose  leaves 
falling  into  the  water,  are  turned  to  those  geese  which  are  called  Soland 
geese,  and  found  in  prodigious  numbers  in  those  parts.  In  Moore's  Travels 
into  the  inland  parts  of  Afi-ica,  p.  54,  we  read :  "  This  evening,  December 
18,  1730,  I  supped  upon  oysters  which  grew  upon  trees.  Down  the  river 
(Gambia)  where  the  water  is  salt,  and  near  the  sea,  the  river  is  bounded 
with  trees  called  mangroves,  whose  leaves  being  long  and  heavy  wei^-h  the 
boughs  into  the  water.  To  these  leaves  the  young  oysters  fasten  in  great 
quantities,  where  they  grow  till  they  are  very  large ;  and  then  you  cannot 
separate  them  from  the  tree,  but  are  obliged  to  cut  off  the  boughs :  tho 
oysters  hanging  on  them  resemble  a  rope  of  onions." 


CiJTIO   II.]  HUDTBBA8.  855 

For  as  the  Pope,  that  keeps  the  gate 

Of  heaven,  wears  three  crowns  of  state  ; ' 

So  he  that  keeps  the  gate  of  hell, 

Proud  Cerb'riis.  wears  three  heads  as  well : 

And,  if  the  world  has  auv  troth,  585 

Some  have  been  canoniz'd  in  both. 

But  that  which  does  them  greatest  harm, 

Their  sp'ritual  gizzards  are  too  warm,^ 

AVhich  puts  the  overheated  sots 

In  fevers  still,  like  other  goats  ;^  87(; 

For  tho'  the  Whore  bends  heretieks 

With  flames  of  tire,  like  crooked  sticks,* 

Our  schismatics  so  vastly  differ, 

Th'  hotter  they  're  they'grow  the  stiffer ; 

Still  setting  off  their  sp'ritual  goods,  675 

W^ith  fierce  and  pertinacious  feuds  : 

For  zeal  's  a  dreadful  termagant, 

That  teaches  saints  to  tear  and  rant, 

And  Independents  to  profess 

The  doctrine  of  Dependences  ;  *  880 

Turns  meek  and  sneaking  Secret  ones,^ 

To  raw-heads  fierce  and  bloody-bones ; 

And  not  content  with  endless' quarrels 

Against  the  wicked,  and  their  morals. 

The  Gibellines,  for  want  of  Guelfs,'  685 

Divert  their  rage  upon  themselves. 

.    "■  P,®  P"?^  claims  the  power  of  the  keys,  and  the  tiara  or  triple  cro.vn 
IS  a  badge  of  papal  dij;iiity. 

'  I'orsons  are  said  to  have  a  broiling  in  their  gizzards  when  they  stomach 
anything  very  much.  '   ""mam 

'  This  was  an  old  medical  superstition.     Varro,  ii.  3,  5   &c 

«  Rome  was  identified  with  the  whore  of  liahvlon  mentioned  in  the  Re- 
velations :  and  the  RomanisU  are  said  to  have  attempted  the  conversion  of 
inhUels  by  means  of  fire  and  fagguts,  as  men  made  crooked  sticks  8traii?ht 
by  fire  and  steam.  ° 

»  "  I  am  willed  an  Independent  "  said  one,  when  asked  by  a  Magistrate 
(t)cforc  whom  he  went  to  make  his  declarations  and  obtnin  his  license) 
"  because  I  depend  u/jon  my  Bible."  '' 

•  The  early  editions  read  tlm»,  but  Grey  reads  "secret  sneaking  ones  " 
These  names  of  distinction  were  first  made  use  of  at  Pistoia  where 
when  the  magistrates  expelled  the  Panzatichi.  there  chanced  to  be  two  bro^ 
thers  Germans,  one  of  whom,  named  Guelph,  was  for  the  pope,  the  other 
Glbcl.  for  the  emperor.  The  spirit  of  these  parties  raged  with  great  violence 
in  Italy  and  ''-nnany  dunng  the  middle  ages.     Dr  Ueyliu  says  some  are 

2  A  2 


356  HrDIBBAS.  [PABT    III. 

For  now  the  war  is  not  between 

The  brethren  and  the  men  of  sin, 

But  saint  and  saint  to  spill  the  blood 

Of  one  another's  brotherhood,  690 

Where  neither  side  can  lay  pretence 

To  liberty  of  conscience,' 

Or  zealous  sufTriug  for  the  Cause, 

To  gain  one  groat's  worth  of  applause ; 

For  tho'  endur'd  with  resolution,  695 

'TwiU  ne'er  amount  to  persecution ; 

Shall  precious  saints,  and  Secret  ones, 

Break  one  another's  outward  bones,'^ 

And  eat  the  flesh  of  bretheren, 

Instead  of  kings  and  mighty  men  ?  7oo 

When  fiends  agree  among  themselves,^ 

Shall  they ''  be  found  the  greater  elves  ? 

When  Bel's  at  union  with  the  Dragon, 

And  Baal-Peor  friends  with  Dagon ; 

When  savage  bears  agree  with  bears,  705 

Shall  Secret  ones  lug  saints  by  th'  ears, 

And  not  atone  their  fatal  wrath,^ 

When  common  danger  threatens  both  ? 

Shall  mastiffs,  by  the  collars  puU'd, 

Engag'd  with  buUs,  let  go  their  hold ;  710 

And  saints,  whose  necks  are  pawn'd  at  stake,* 

No  notice  of  the  danger  take  ? 

But  tho'  no  pow'r  of  heav'n  or  hell 

Can  pacify  fanatic  zeal. 

Who  would  not  guess  there  might  be  hopes,  715 

The  fear  of  gallowses  and  ropes 

of  opinion  that  the  Action  of  Elfs  and  Goblins,  by  which  we  used  to  ft-ighten 
children,  was  deriyed  from  Guelphs  and  Ghibellines.  Butler  wrote  these 
lines  before  the  Guelphs  had  become  the  ancestors  of  our  own  royal  lint . 
See  the  genealogy  in  Burke's  Royal  Pedigrees. 
/'  That  is,  not  having  granted  liberty  of  conscience. 
,/  2  A  sneer  upon  the  aouse  of  Scripture  phrases,  alluding  to  Psalm  ii.  9  ; 
the  same  may  be  said  of  lines  326,  328,  and  700. 

3  0  shame  to  men !  devil  with  devil  daran'd 

Firm  concord  holds Paradise  lost,  ii.  496 

»    They,  that  is,  the  saints,  see  v.  689,  697. 

*  Atone,  that  is,  reconcile,  see  v.  717. 

«  That  is,  and  saints,  whose  aU  is  at  stake,  oa  they  will  be  hanjed  if 
things  do  not  take  a  friendly  turn. 


CAXTO    U.]  UITDIBEAS.  357 

Before  their  eyes  might  reconcile 

Their  animosities  a  while? 

At  least  until  they  'd  a  clear  stage, 

And  equal  Freedom  to  engaa;e,  780 

Without  the  danger  of  surprise 

By  both  our  common  enemies  ? 

This  none  but  we  alone  could  doubt,' 
Who  understood  their  Workings-out, 
And  know  'em  both  in  soul  and  conscience,  735 

Giv'n  up  t'  as  reprobate  a  nonsense  - 
As  spiritual  out-laws,  whom  the  pow'r 
Of  miracle  can  ne'er  restore. 
We,  whom  at  first  they  set  up  under. 
In  revelation  only  'f  plunder,  730 

Who  since  have  had  so  many  trials 
Of  their  encroaching  SeJf-denials,' 
That  rook'd  upon  us  with  design* 
To  out-reform  and  undermine  ; 

Took  all  our  int'rests  and  commands  736 

Perfidiously  out  of  our  hands  ; 
Involv'd  us  in  the  Guilt  of  Blood, 
Without  the  motive  gains  allow'd,' 
And  made  us  serve  as  ministerial, 
Like  younger  sons  of  father  Belial.  740 

And  yet,  for  all  th'  inhuman  wrong 
They  'd  done  us  and  the  Cause  so  long, 
AVe  never  fail'd  to  carry  on 
The  work  still,  as  we  had  begun : 
But  true  and  faithfully  obey'd,  746 

And  neither  prcach'd  them  hurt,  nor  pray'd  ; 
Nor  troubled  them  to  crop  our  ears. 
Nor  hang  us,  like  the  Cavaliers ; 

'  We  alone  could  doubt  that  the  fear  of  the  gallows  might  reconcile  then 
animosities,  &c. 

'  Given  up  to  such  a  state  of  reprobation  and  the  guidance  of  their  own 
folly,  that  nothing,  not  even  miraculous  power,  can  restore  them. 

'  The  Independents  got  rid  of  the  Presbyterian  leaders  by  the  Self-deny- 
ing Ordinance. 

*  That  plnycd  the  cheat. 

*  That  is,  without  allowing  as  the  gains  which  were  the  motives  to  such 
actions. 


368  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET   111. 

Nor  put  them  to  the  charge  of  jails, 

To  find  U3  piU'ries  and  carts'-tails,  760 

Or  hangman's  wages,'  which  the  state 

Was  forc'd,  before  them,  to  be  at ; 

That  cut,  like  tallies,  to  the  stumps, 

Our  ears  for  keeping  true  accompts,* 

And  burnt  our  vessels,  like  a  new-  755 

Seal'd  peck,  or  bush'l,  for  being  true 

But  hand  in  hand,  like  faithful  brothers, 

Held  forth  the  Cause  against  aU  others, 

Disdaining  equally  to  yield 

One  syllable  of  what  we  held.  760 

And  though  we  difler'd  now  and  then 

'Bout  outward  things,  and  outward  men. 

Our  inward  men,  and  Constant  Frame 

Of  spirit,  stiU  were  near  the  same  ; 

And  tiU  they  first  began  to  cant,^  766 

And  sprinkle  down  the  Covenant, 

We  ne'er  had  Call  in  any  place. 

Nor  dream' d  of  teaching  down  Free-grace  ; 

But  join' d  our  gifts  perpetually, 

Against  the  common  enemy,  770 

Although  'twas  ours,  and  their  opinion, 

Each  other's  church  was  but  a  Eimmon.* 

i_  The  value  of  thirteen  pence  halfpenny,  in  a  coin  called  a  thirteener, 
which  the  State  had  to  defray,  when  the  Puritans'  ears  were  cropped. 

''  Tallies  are  corresponding  notches  made  by  small  traders  on  sticks, 
which  are  cut  down  as  the  accompts  are  settled.  The  meaning  seems  to  be  : 
the  State  made  us  suffer  for  keeping  true  accounts,  or  for  being  true,  cutting 
our  ears  like  tallies,  and  branding  the  vessels  of  our  bodies  like  a  measure 
with  the  mark  fresh  upon  it.  There  was  a  seal  put  upon  true  and  just 
measures  and  weights. 

'  The  term  cant  is  derived  from  Mr  Andrew  Cant,  and  his  son  Alexander, 
whose  seditious  preaching  and  praying  was  in  Scotland  called  canting.  Grey. 

*  A  Syrian  idol.     See  2  Kings  v.  18.     And  Paradise  Lost,  i.  467  : 

Him  followed  Rimmon,  whose  delightful  seat 
Was  fair  Damascus,  on  the  fertile  hanks 
Of  Ahbana  and  Pharphar,  lucid  streams. 

The  meaning  is,  that  in  the  opinion  of  both,  church  communion  with 
each  other  was  a  like  case  with  that  of  Naaman's  bowing  himself  in  the 
house  of  Rimmon,  equally  laying  both  under  the  necessity  of  a  petition  for 
p»rdon :  the  Independents  knew  that  their  tenets  were  so  opposite  to  those  0/ 


CASTO    n.J  nUDIBRAS.  35)> 

And  yet,  for  all  this  Gosjiel-union, 

Aud  outward  show  of  chure'h-communion, 

They'd  ne'er  admit  us  to  our  shares  775 

Of  ruling  church  or  state  afl'airs, 

Kor  g\\e  us  leave  t'  absolve,  or  sentence 

T'  our  own  conditions  of  repentance  : 

But  shar'd  our  dividend  o'  th'  crowni, 

We  had  so  painfully  preaeh'd  down  ;  780 

And  forc'd  us,  though  against  the  grain, 

T'  have  Calls  to  teach  it  up  again.' 

For  'twas  but  justice  to  restore 

The  wrongs  we  had  receiv'd  before  ; 

And  when  'twas  held  forth  in  our  way  785 

We'd  been  ungrateful  not  to  pay  : 

AVho  for  the  right  we  've  done  the  nation, 

Have  earn'd  our  temporal  salvation, 

And  put  our  vessels  in  a  way 

Once  more  to  come  again  in  play :  7*0 

For  if  the  turning  of  us  out 

Has  brought  this  providence  about 

And  that  our  only  suft'ering 

Is  able  to  bring  in  the  king,* 
i  What  would  our  actions  not  have  done,  795 

•  Had  we  been  suffer' d  to  go  on  ? 

And  therefore  may  pretend  t'  a  share, 

At  least,  in  Carrying  on  th'  affair: 

But  whether  that  be  so  or  not, 

We  've  done  enough  to  have  it  thought,  800 

the  Preshjierians  that  they  could  not  coalesce,  and  therefore  concealed  tlicni 
till  they  were  strong  enough  to  declare  them. 

'  The  Presbyterian.'!  entered  into  several  plots  to  restore  the  king.  For 
it  was  but  justice,  said  they,  to  repair  the  injuries  we  had  received  I'nitii  Llio 
Independents;  and  when  monarchy  was  ottered  to  he  restored  in  our  own 
sense,  and  with  all  the  limitations  we  desired,  it  h;id  been  ungrateful  not 
to  consent.     S'asfi. 

'  Many  of  the  Presbyterians,  says  Lord  Clarendon,  wlien  ousted  from  their 
preferment,  or  eicluded  from  the  House  of  Commons  by  tlie  InilLiKiidenta, 
pretended  to  make  a  merit  of  it,  in  respect  of  their  loyally.  And  some  of 
thiiii  had  the  cmifidencc  to  present  themselves  to  King  Charles  the  Second, 
both  before  and  after  his  Ucstoration,  as  sufferers  for  llie  i  rown  ;  thib  bo- 
bariour  is  ridiculed  in  many  parte  of  this  canto. 


360  HUDIBEAS.  [PABT    III. 

And  that's  as  good  as  if  we  'd  done  't, 

And  easier  past  upon  aceount : 

Por  if  it  be  but  half  denied, 

'Tis  half  as  good  as  justified. 

The  world  is  naturally  averse  806 

To  all  the  truth  it  sees  or  hears, 

But  swallows  nonsense  and  a  lie, 

"With  gi-eediness  and  gluttony  ; 

And  tho'  it  have  the  pique,  and  long, 

'Tis  still  for  something  in  the  wrong  :  '  810 

As  women  long  when  they're  with  child 

Por  things  extravagant  and  wild ; 

For  meats  ridiculous  and  fulsome, 

But  seldom  anything  that's  wholesome ; 

And,  like  the  world,  men's  jobbernoles  815 

Turn  round  upon  their  ears,  the  poles  ;  ^ 

And  what  they  're  confidently  told, 

By  no  sense  else  can  be  controll'd. 

And  this,  perhaps,  may  be  the  means 
Once  more  to  hedge-in  Providence.  820 

For  as  relapses  make  diseases 
More  desp'rate  than  their  first  accesses ; 
If  we  but  get  again  in  pow'r, 
Our  work  is  easier  than  before  ; 

And  we  more  ready  and  expert  825 

I'  th'  mystery,  to  do  our  part  : 
"We,  who  did  rather  undertake 
The  first  war  to  create,  than  make  ;  * 
And  when  of  nothing  'twas  begun, 
Eais'd  funds  as  strange,  to  carry  't  on  :••  gsc 

Trepann'd  the  state,  and  fac'd  it  down, 
"With  plots  and  projects  of  our  own  : 

'_  Pique,  or  pica,  is  a  depravpd  appetite,  or  desire  of  improper  food,  tc 
which  sickly  females  are  more  especially  subject.  For  an  amusing  account 
of  these  longings,  see  Spectator,  No.  326. 

'  Men's  heads  are  turned  with  the  lies  and  nonsense  poured  into  their 
cars.     See  v.  1008. 

3  By  creating  war,  he  means,  finding  pretences  for  it,  stirring  up  and 
fomenting  it.     By  making  war,  he  means,  waging  and  carrying  it  on. 

•  The  taxes  levied  by  Parliament  in  four  years  are  said  to  have  beer 
dE17,51'2,400. 


CAHrO    II.]  BtfDIBRAS.  361 

Ami  if  we  did  such  feats  at  first,' 

AVhat  can  we  now  we  're  better  vers'd  ? 

"Who  have  a  freer  latitude  835 

Than  sinners  give  themselves,  allow'd  ; 

And  therefore  likeliest  to  bring  in, 

On  fairest  terms,  our  Discipline ; 

To  which  it  was  reveal 'd  long  since 

TVe  were  ordain'd  by  Providence,  840 

"When  three  saints'  ears,  our  predecessors, 

The  Cause's  primitive  confessors,^ 

B'ing  crucify'd,  the  nation  stood 

In  just  so  many  years  of  blood,' 

That,  multiply'd  by  six,  express'd  846 

The  perfect  Number  of  the  Beast,* 

And  prov'd  that  we  must  be  the  men 

To  bring  this  work  about  agen  ; 

And  those  who  laid  the  first  foundation, 

Complete  the  thorough  Reformation  :  860 

For  who  have  gifts  to  carry  on 

So  great  a  work,  but  we  alone  ? 

"What  churches  have  such  able  pastors. 

And  precious,  powerful,  preaching  masters  ? 

Possess'd  with  absolute  dominions  855 

O'er  brethren's  purses  and  opinions, 

'  The  schemes  described  in  these  lines  are  those  which  the  rrcsbyterians 
were  charged  with  practising  in  the  beginning  of  the  civil  commotions,  to 
enrage  the  people  against  the  king  and  the  Church  of  England. 
■  '  Burton,  PrjTine,  and  Bastwick,  who,  before  the  cinl  war,  were  set  in 
the  pillory,  and  had  their  ears  cropt.  The  severe  sentence  which  was 
passed  on  these  persons,  and  on  Lcighton,  contributed  much  to  inflame  the 
minds  of  men,  and  to  incense  them  against  the  bishops,  the  Star-chamber, 
nnd  the  government. 

•  The  civil  war  lasted  six  years,  from  1642,  till  the  death  of  the  king  in 
1648-9. 

♦  Allading  to  Revelations,  ch.  xiii.  18.  "  Here  is  wisdom.  Let  him  that 
hath  understanding  count  the  number  of  the  beast :  for  it  is  the  number  of 
a  man ;  and  bis  number  is  six  hundred  threescore  and  six."  The  multipli- 
cation of  three  units  by  six,  gives  three  sixes,  and  the  juxtaposition  of 
three  sixes  makes  6G6,  or  six  hundred  sixty-six,  the  number  of  the  beast. 
This  mysterious  number  and  name  excited  the  curiosity  of  mankind  very 
early,  and  the  conjectural  solutions  of  it  arc  numberless ;  every  nation,  sect, 
or  person,  finding  by  one  means  or  other  that  the  name  of  the  hostile 
nation,  sect,  or  person,  involved  the  mystical  666. 


S62  HtruIBBAS.  [PABT   HI. 

And  trusted  with  the  Double  keys 

Of  heaven,  and  their  warehouses  ? 

Who,  when  the  Cause  is  in  distress, 

Can  furnish  out  what  sums  they  please^  860 

That  brooding  lie  in  bankers'  hands, 

To  be  dispos'd  at  their  commands  ; 

And  daUy  increase  and  multiply. 

With  doctrine,  use,  and  usury : 

Can  fetch  in  parties,  as  in  war  865 

All  otlier  heads  of  cattle  are. 

From  th'  enemy  of  all  religions, 

As  well  as  high  and  low  conditions, 

And  share  them,  from  blue  ribbons  down 

To  all  blue  aprons  in  the  toAvn  ; '  870 

Prom  ladies  hurry'd  in  caUeches, 

With  cornets  at  their  footmen's  breeches, ' 

The  bawds  as  fat  as  mother  Nab, 

All  guts  and  belly,  like  a  crab.' 

Our  party's  great,  and  better  tied  875 

With  oaths,  and  trade,  than  any  side  ;  * 

Has  one  considerable  improvement, 

To  double-fortify  the  Cov'nant ; 

I  mean  our  covenants  to  purchase 

Delinquents'  titles,  and  the  churches,  880 

That  pass  in  sale,  from  hand  to  hand. 

Among  ourselves,  for  current  laud, 

And  rise  or  fall,  like  Indian  actions,* 

According  to  the  rate  of  factions ; 

Our  best  reserve  for  Eeformation,  885 

When  New  outgoings  give  occasion  ; 

'  Supposed  by  Dr  Grey  to  mean  the  tradesmen  and  their  apprentices, 
who  wore  blue  aprons,  and  took  a  very  active  part  in  the  troubles,  both  by 
preaching  and  fighting.  But  it  appears' from  the  Kump  Songs  that  preachers 
also  wore  blue  aprons. 

2  Calleche,  or  calash,  a  light  carriage.  Cornets  were  ornaments  which 
servants  wore  upon  their  breeches. 

^  Ladies  of  this  profession  are  generally  described  as  coarse  and  fat. 
The  orator  means,  that  the  leaders  of  the  faction  could  fetch  in  parties  oj 
all  ranks,  from  the  highest  to  the  lowest. 

*  The  strength  of  the  Presbyterian  party  lay  in  the  citizens. 

'  Grey  thinks  this  alludes  to  the  subscription  set  on  foot  at  the  general 
court  of  the  East  India  House,  Oct.  19, 1657.  Mercuiius  PolUiaas,  No.  387, 


OAITTO    II.]  nUDIBKAS.  363 

Tliat  keeps  the  loins  of  brethren  girt, 

Their  Covenant,  their  ereed,  t'  assert  ;1 

And,  when  the3''ve  pack'd  a  parliament, 

"Will  once  more  try  th'  expedient :  890 

Who  can  already  muster  friends, 

To  serve  for  members  to  our  ends, 

That  represent  no  part  o'  th'  nation, 

But  Fisher's-folly  congregation;' 

Are  only  tools  to  our  intrigues,  895 

And  sit  like  geese  to  hatch  our  eggs ; 

Who,  by  their  precedents  of  wit, 

T'  outlast,  outloiter,  and  outsit,' 

Can  order  matters  under-hand, 

To  put  all  bus'ness  to  a  stand :  900 

Lay  public  bills  aside,  for  private. 

And  make  'em  one  another  drive  out ; 

Divert  the  great  and  necessary 

"With  trifles  to  contest  and  vary, 

And  make  the  nation  represent,  905 

And  serve  for  us  in  parliament ; 

'  A  lay  preacher  at  Banbury  said,  "  We  know,  0  Lord,  that  A'jraham 
made  a  covenant,  and  Moses  and  David  made  a  covenant,  and  our  Saviour 
made  a  covenant,  but  the  Parliament's  covenant  is  the  greatest  of  all  cove- 
nants." The  Marquis  of  Hamilton  being  sent  into  Scotland  to  appi'ase  the 
troubles  there,  demanded  of  the  Scotch  that  they  should  rcnouncu  I  lie  cove- 
nant ;  they  answered,  that  they  would  sooner  renounce  their  bajjlism. 

^  Jasper  Fisher,  one  of  the  six  clerks  in  Chanccrv,  a  member  of  tlii"  gold- 
smith's company,  and  justice  of  the  peace,  spent  his  fortune  in  laying  out 
magnificent  gardens  and  building  a  fine  house;  which,  therefore,  WMsi'allcil 
Fisher's  Folly.  After  having  been  the  residence  of  the  Earl  of  nxfcird 
and  Sir  Roger  Manning,  it  was  used  as  a  conventicle.  See  Fuller's  Wor- 
thies, p.  197,  and  Stowe's  Survey.  The  place  where  the  house  stood  is 
now  Devonshire  Square,  Hishopsgate.  The  word  represent  means  either 
to  stand  in  the  place  of  others,  or  to  resemble  them.  In  the  first  sense,  the 
members  they  should  pack,  would  represent  their  constituents;  hut  in  the 
latter  sense,  only  a  meeting  of  enthusiastic  sectaries. 

■  By  these  arts  the  leaders  on  the  Parliament  side  defeated  the  purposes 
of  the  lovalists,  and  carried  such  points  in  the  House  as  they  were  bent 
upon.  'Thus  the  Remonstrance  was  carried,  as  Lord  t'larcndon  says,  men  ly 
by  the  hour  of  the  night ;  the  debates  being  continued  till  two  o'clock,  and 
very  many  having  withdrawn  out  of  pure  faintness  and  disability  to  nttin  1 
the  conclusion.  The  bill  against  Kpiscopacy,  and  other  bills,  were  carried  liy 
out-fasting  and  out-sitting  those  who  opposed  tbcm :  which  made  Lord  Falk- 
land say,  that  they  who  hated  bishops  hated  them  worse  than  the  devil,  and 
they  who  loved  them,  loved  them  not  so  well  as  their  own  dinners. 


3G4  HUDTBEA3.  [PAET   III 

Cut  out  more  work  than  can  be  done 

In  Plato's  year,'  but  finish  none, 

Unless  it  be  the  Bulls  of  Lenthall, 

That  always  pass'd  for  fundamental :  ^  910 

Can  set  up  grandee  against  grandee, 

To  squander  time  away,  and  bandy  ; 

Make  lords  and  commoners  lay  sieges 

To  one  another's  privileges  ; 

And,  rather  than  compound  the  quarrel,  815 

Engage,  to  th'  inevitable  peril 

Of  both  their  ruins,  th'  only  scope 

And  consolation  of  our  hope  ; 

Who,  tho'  we  do  not  play  the  game. 

Assist  as  much  by  giving  aim  ;'  920 

Can  introduce  our  ancient  arts, 

For  heads  of  factions  t'  act  their  parts  ; 

Know  what  a  leading  voice  is  worth, 

A  seconding,  a  third,  or  fourth  ; 

How  much  a  casting  voice  comes  to,  925 

That  turns  up  trump  of  Ay,  or  No  ; 

And,  by  adjusting  all  at  th'  end. 

Share  ev'ry  one  his  di\ddend. 

An  art  that  so  much  study  cost, 

And  now's  in  danger  to  be  lost,  930 

Unless  our  ancient  virtuosos. 

That  found  it  out,  get  into  th'  houses.* 

These  are  the  courses  that  we  took 

To  carry  things  by  hook  or  crook,* 

'  The  Platonic  year,  or  time  required  for  a  complete  revolution  of  the 
entire  machine  of  the  world,  has  by  some  been  made  to  consist  of  4000 
common  years:  others  have  thought  it  must  extend  to  26,000,  or  still 
more. 

'  The  ordinances  published  by  the  House  of  Commons  were  signed  by 
LenthaU,  the  speaker :  and  are  therefore  familiarly  called  the  Bulls  of 
Lenthall.  They  were  fundamental,  because  on  them  the  new  order  iu 
church  and  state  was  reared.  Afterwards,  when  the  Parliament  became 
the  Rump,  the  fundamentals  acquired  a  new  meaning. 

^  Or,  in  the  bowler's  phrase,  by  giving  ground. 

'  The  old  members  of  the  Rump  were  excluded  from  Cromwell's  Parlia- 
ments. "When  they  presented  themselves  with  I'rynne  at  their  head,  they 
were  met  at  the  door  by  Colonel  Pride,  and  refused  admittance. 

'  Crook  and  Ilutton  were  the  only  judges  who  dissented  from  their 
brethren,  when  the  case  of  Ship-money  was  argued  in  the  Exchequer:  whici 


CANTO  11."]  HrriBHAB.  365 

And  practis'd  dowii  from  forty-four,  935 

Until  they  turn'd  us  out  of  door:' 

Besides  the  herds  of  houtifeus  ^ 

"VVe  set  ou  work,  without  the  House. 

When  ev'ry  knight  and  citizeu 

Kept  legislative  journeymen,  04'J 

To  liring  them  in  intelligence, 

From  all  points  of  the  rabble's  sense, 

And  fill  the  lobbies  of  both  Houses 

"With  politic  important  buzzes  ; 

Set  up  committees  of  cabals,^  9U 

To  pack  designs  without  the  walls ; 

Examine  and  draw  up  all  news. 

And  fit  it  to  our  present  use ; 

Agree  upon  the  plot  o'  th'  farce. 

And  ev'ry  one  his  part  rehearse ;  050 

Make  Q's  of  answers,  to  way-lay 

What  th'  other  parties  like  to  say  \* 

What  repartees,  and  smart  reflections, 

Shall  be  return'd  to  all  objections  ; 

And  who  shall  break  the  master-jest,  055 

And  what,  and  how,  upon  the  rest ; 

Help  pamphlets  out,  with  safe  editions. 

Of  proper  slanders  and  seditions. 

And  treason  for  a  token  send. 

By  Letter  to  a  Country  Friend ;  660 

Disperse  lampoons,  the  only  wit 

That  men,  like  burglary,  commit. 

With  falser  than  a  padder's  face, 

That  all  its  owner  does  betrays ; 

jccasioned  the  wags  to  say,  punningly,  that  the  king  carried  it  by  Hook, 
but  not  by  Crook. 

'  From  the  time  of  the  Solf-dcnying  ordinance,  1644,  when  the  Presby- 
terians were  turned  out  from  all  places  of  profit  and  power,  till  Pride's 
Purge,  on  December  7,  1648. 

'  Incendiaries. 

'  The  poet  probably  alludes  to  the  ministers  of  Charles  the  Second,  the 
iaitials  of  whose  names  were  satirically  so  arranged  as  to  make  up  the  word 
cabal.     Sec  note,  page  25. 

♦  Pri.soncrs  in  Newgale,  and  other  gaols,  have  often  sham-ciaminationB, 
to  prepare  them  with  answers  for  their  real  trials. 


'^^^  HUMBRA3.  [PAHT    III, 


875 


Who  therefore  dares  not  trust  it,  when  965 

He's  in  his  calling,  to  be  seen.' 

Disperse  the  dung  on  barren  earth, 

To  brmg  new  weeds  of  discord  forth  ; 

Be  sure  to  keep  up  congregations. 

In  spite  of  laws  and  proclamations  :  970 

For  charlatans  can  do  no  good,^ 

Until  they're  mounted  in  a  crowd  ; 

And  when  they're  punish'd,  all  the  hurt 

Is  but  to  fare  the  better  for't ; 

As  long  as  confessors  are  sure 

Of  double  pay  for  all  th'  endure,^ 

And  what  they  earn  in  persecution, 

Are  paid  t'  a  groat  in  contribution : 

Whence  some  tub-holders-forth  have  made 

In  powd'riug-tubs  their  richest  trade  ;  930 

And,  while  they  kept  their  shops  in  prison, 

Have  found  their  prices  strangely  risen.'* 

1  Padders,  or  highwaymen,  usuaUy  corered  their  faces  with  a  mask  of 
piece  ot  crape. 

2  Charlatan  is  a  quack  doctor,  whom  punishment  makes  more  widely 
known,  and  so  benefits  instead  of  injures  ' 

nilL^^H^^fi'^/^"",  1°  ^Y'?'  P'7°"<'.'''°d  BastiTick,  who  havin?  been 
pilloried,  fined,  and  banished  to  different  parts  of  the  kingdoms,  by  the 
entence  of  the  Star-chamber,  were  by  the  Parliament  afterward  Recalled 
and  rewarded  out  of  the  estates  of  those  who  had  punished  them.  In  thej; 
way  back  to  London  they  were  honoured  with  loud  acclamations,  and  re- 
ceived many  presents. 

silenc'd  ministers. 

That  get  estates  by  being  undone 
For  tender  conscience,  and  have  none  : 
Like  those  that  with  their  credit  drive 
A  trade  without  a  stock,  and  thrive. 

Butler's  Remains,  vol.  i.  63 

«  Powdering-tubs,  which  were  tubs  for  salting  beef  in,  may  here  si..nifv 

either  prisons   or  hospitals.     The   term  po,oderi„ff  was  a  synonym?  for 

sprtnkhn^  with  salt,  and  so  came  to  be  applied  to  the  places  where 'infected 

persons  were  cured.     When  any  one  gets  into  a  scrape,  he  is  said  to  b     n  a 

Ee  bids  nS"  '°'  *™'"  '™'  ^'^^'  '^P""  *'^  P-'^'^Se  when 

"  to  the  spital  go. 
And  from  the  powderiiiff-tub  of  infamy 
Fetch  forth  the  lazar  kite  of  Crcssid's  kind, 
DoU  Te  irsheet  she  by  name,  and  her  espouse." 

Hen.  y.  Act  i. 


CANTO    n.]  HUDIBBA8.  367 

Disdain  to  own  the  least  regret 
For  all  the  Christian  hlood  we  've  let ; 
'Twill  save  our  eredit,  and  maintain  935 

Our  title  to  do  so  again  ; 
That  needs  not  cost  one  dram  of  sense, 
But  pertinacious  impudence. 
Our  constancy  t'  our  principles, 

In  time  will  wear  out  all  things  else ;  990 

Like  marble  statues,  rubb'd  in  pieces 
With  gallantrv  of  pilgrims'  kisses  ; ' 
"While  those  who  turn  and  wind  their  oaths, 
Have  swell'd  and  sunk,  like  other  froths  ; 
Prevail'd  a  while,  but  'twas  not  long  995 

Before  from  world  to  world  they  swung  ; 
As  they  had  turu'd  from  side  to  side, 
And  as  the  changelings  liv'd,  they  dy'd. 
This  said,  th'  impatient  statesnionger 
Could  now  contain  himself  no  longer,''  1000 

Who  bad  not  spar'd  to  show  his  piques 
Against  th'  haranguer's  politics, 
With  smart  remarks  of  leering  faces 
And  annotations  of  grimaces. 

After  he'd  minister'd  a  dose  iocs 

Of  snuft'  mundungus  to  his  nose,' 
And  powder'd  th'  inside  of  his  skull,^ 
Instead  of  th'  outward  jobbernol,* 

Butler  may  mean  thnt  some  of  tlie  tuh-hoMcrs-fortli  kept  houses  of  ill  fame, 
from  wlunre  the  transit  to  the  powdering-tub  was  frequent.  Sec  also 
Measure  for  Measure,  Act  iii.  sc.  2. 

'  Round  the  Casa  Santa  of  Lorctto,  the  marble  is  worn  into  a  deep  ehan- 
nel,  by  the  knees  and  kisses  of  devout  pilgrims.  ]\[any  statues  of  saints  are 
in  like  manner  worn  by  the  adoration  of  their  votaries. 

-  As  the  former  orator  had  harnnpied  on  the  side  of  the  Presbyterians, 
his  antnffonist.  Sir  -Anthony  .\shley  Toopcr,  now  smartly  inveijrhs  against 
them,  and  justifies  the  principles  and  eondurt  of  the  Independents. 

'  Grey  illustrates  what  he  calls  the  beastly  habit  of  snutf-takinfj  by  a  story 
from  Chanlin's  Travels,  quoted  by  Montaijjne,  Essay  22,  which  is  :  that  at 
Boolan,\n  the  East  Indies,  the  prince  is  held  in  such  esteem  and  reverence, 
that  the  courtiers  collect  his  ordure  in  a  linen  cloth,  and  after  drj-ing  and 
preparing  it,  not  only  use  it  as  snuff,  but  strew  it  over  their  meals  as  a  great 
aelic.acy. 

•  The  early  editions  read  "  soul." 

'  That  is,  thick-head,  or  blockhead.     Sec  Wright's  Glossary 


368  HUDIBBA8.  [PAKT   III. 

He  sliook  it  witli  a  scornful  look, 

On  th'  adversary,  and  thus  he  spoke :  loio 

In  dressing  a  calf's  head,  altho' 
The  tongue  and  brains  together  go, 
Both  keep  so  great  a  distance  here, 
'Tis  strange  if  ever  they  come  near ; 
!For  who  did  ever  play  his  gambols  1015 

With  such  insufferable  rambles. 
To  make  the  bringing  in  the  king. 
And  keeping  of  him  out,  one  thing  ? 
Which  none  could  do,  but  those  that  swore 
T'  as  point-blank  nonsense  heretofore ;  1020 

That  to  defend  was  to  invade, 
And  to  assassinate  to  aid  :  ' 
Unless,  because  you  drove  him  out, 
And  that  was  never  made  a  doubt ; 
No  pow'r  is  able  to  restore  1026 

And  bring  him  in,  but  on  your  score : 
A  sp'ritual  doctrine,  that  conduces 
Most  properly  to  all  your  uses. 
'Tis  true,  a  scorpion's  oil  is  said 
To  cure  the  wounds  the  vermin  made  ;'^  1030 

And  weapons,  dress' d  with  salves,  restore 
And  heal  the  hurts  they  gave  before  :' 
But  whether  Presbyterians  have 
So  much  good  nature  as  the  salve, 
Or  virtue  in  them  as  the  vermin,  1035 

Those  who  have  tried  them  can  determine. 
Indeed  'tis  pity  you  should  miss 
Th'  arrears  of  all  your  services, 

•  This  alludes  to  Rolf,  a  shoemaker,  who  was  indicted  for  eutertaininj  a 
design  to  kill  the  king  when  imprisoned  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  in  evidence 
of  which  Osborne  and  Doucet  swore  positively.  Serjeant  Wild,  who  was 
!ent  to  Winchester  to  try  the  ease,  and  is  said  to  have  been  bribed  to 
get  Rolf  off,  gave  an  unfair  charge  to  the  jury,  by  saying  •  •'  There  was  a 
time  indeed  when  intentions  and  words  were  made  treason ;  but  God  forbid 
it  should  be  so  now  :  how  did  anybody  know  but  that  those  two  men,  Os- 
borne and  Doucet  (the  evidence), 'would  have  made  away  with  the  king,  and 
that  Rolf  charged  his  pistol  to  preserve  him."     Clarendon,  vol.  iii.  p.  180. 

2  This  is  Pliny's  statement,  Natural  History,  xxix.  29.  Similar  stories 
are  extant  respecting  the  fat  of  the  viper. 

'  A  sneer  at  Sir  Kenelm  Digby's  doctrine  of  sjTnpathy. 


CANTO  TI.]  HTTDIBHAS.  369 

And  for  tli'  eternal  obligation 

T'  have  laid  upon  tli'  inigratcful  nation,  loio 

Be  us'd  s'  unconscionably  hard, 

As  not  to  find  a  just  reward, 

For  letting  rapine  loose,  anil  mnrtber, 

To  rage  just  so  iar,  but  no  fui-ther : ' 

And  setting  all  tiie  land  on  tire,  liUS 

To  burn  t'  a  scantling,  but  no  higher:* 

For  vent'ring  to  assassinate, 

And  cut  the  throats  of  church  and  state ; 

And  not  b'  allow'd  the  fittest  men 

To  take  the  charge  of  both  ageu :  1050 

Especially  that  have  the  Grace 

Of  Self-denying  Gifted  face  ; 

Who,  when  your  projects  have  miscarry'd, 

Can  lay  them,  with  undaunted  forehead. 

On  those  you  painfully'  trepann'd,  1056 

And  sprinkled  in  at  second  hand  ;  * 

As  we  have  been,  to  share  the  guilt 

Of  Christian  blood,  devoutly  spilt  ;■■* 

For  so  our  ignorance  was  flamm'd 

To  damn  ourselves,  t'  avoid  being  damn'd;'  loO" 

TiU  finding  your  old  foe.  the  hangman, 

Was  like  to  lurch  you  at  backgammon,^ 
'  Though  the  Presbyterians  bo^an  the  war,  yet  they  pretended  th(>y  l}a(l 
no  thoughts  of  oeeasioning  the  bloodshed  and  'devastation  which  were  eon- 
sequent  up.m  it.  Thev  intended  to  bring  the  king  to  re.ison,  not  to  murder 
him.  It  happened  to  them,  however,  as  to  the  would-be  eonjurer,  wlio,  by 
ccrtiiin  words  he  had  overheard,  sent  a  broomstick  to  fetch  wator ;  but  not 
recollecting  the  words  to  make  it  stop,  it  went  and  fetched  water  without 
ceasing,  till  it  filled  the  house,  and  drowned  him. 

'  Grey  compares  tliis  to  the  joke  of  two  countrymen  who  having  bought 
a  barn  in  partnership,  one  threatened  to  set  his  own  half  on  fire. 

'  Meaning,  with  pains,  laboriously.  Walker  says,  "  that  by  an  impudent 
fallacy,  called  Tramtatio  CriminU,  the  Independents  laid  "their  brats  at 
other  men's  doors." 

♦  Baptizing  members  into  their  churches  in  opposition  to  the  practice  of 
the  Anabaptist.s. 

»  The  war  was  begun  and  carried  on  by  the  Presbyterians  in  the  name 
of  religion,  and  in  defence  of  the  gospel. 

'  Meaning,  to  commit  robbery,  rebellion,  and  murder,  with  a  view  of 
keeping  out  Arminianism,  Popery,  &e. 

'  That  is,  finding  the  king  was  likely  (0  get  the  better  of  you,  and  that 
we  were  all  in  danger  of  being  hanged  as  traitors,  we  took  the  war  out  of 
four  handj  into  our  own  management. 

2  u 


370  nlTDIBEAS.  [PABT   in. 

And  win  your  necka  upon  the  set, 

As  well  as  ours,  who  did  but  bet ; 

For  he  had  drawn  your  ears  before,  10C5 

And  nick'd  'em  on  the  sell'-saroe  score. 

We  threw  the  box  and  dice  away, 

Before  you  'd  lost  us  at  foul  play ; 

And  brought  you  down  to  rook  and  lie, 

And  fancy  only  on  the  by ; '  1070 

E.edeem'd  your  forfeit  jobbemoles,* 

Prom  perching  upon  lofty  poles, 

And  rescu'd  all  your  outward  traitors, 

From  hanging  up,  like  alligators  ; ' 

For  which  ingeniously  ye  've  show'd  1075 

Tour  Presbyterian  gratitude  ; 

Would  freely  've  paid  us  home  in  kind. 

And  not  have  been  one  rope  behind.'' 

Those  were  yoiu*  motives  to  divide, 

And  scruple,  on  the  other  side,^  1080 

To  turn  your  zealous  frauds,  and  force, 

To  fits  of  conscience  and  remorse  ; 

To  be  convinc'd  they  were  in  vain. 

And  face  about  for  new  again ; 

For  truth  no  more  unveil'd  your  eyes,  1065 

Than  maggots  are  convinc'd  to  flies :  * 

'  By-bets  are  bets  made  by  spectatoi-s  of  a  game,  or  standers-by :  the 
Presbyterians,  from  being  principals  in  the  cause,  were  reduced  to  a  second- 
ary position ;  and  from  being  principal  players  of  the  game,  became  mere 
lookers-on. 

^  The  heads  of  traitors  were  set  up  on  poles  at  Temple-bar  or  London 
Bridge. 

'  Alligators  were  frequently  hung  up  in  the  shops  of  druggists  and 
apothecaries. 

'  The  Dissenters,  when  in  power,  were  no  enemies  to  persecution,  and 
showed  themselres  as  hearty  persecutors  as  ever  the  Church  had  been. 
They  maintained  that  "  A  toleration  of  different  ways  of  churches  and 
church  government  mil  be  to  this  kingdom  very  mischievous,  pernicious, 
and  destructive  ;  "  and  Calamy,  being  asked  what  he  would  do  with  those 
who  differed  from  him  in  opinion,  said,  "  He  would  not  meddle  with  their 
consciences,  but  only  with  their  persons  and  estates." 

5  He  tells  the  Presbyterians  that  their  jealousy  of  the  Independents 
caused  their  treachery  to  them,  not  any  scruple  of  conscience. 

•  The  change  was  produced  in  them  merely  by  the  course  of  their  nature. 
The  edition  of  1710  reads  : 

Than  maseots  whea  they  turn  to  flies. 


CANTO    ir.l  HUDIBEAS. 


371 


And  therefore  all  your  Lights  and  Calls 

Are  but  apocryphal  and  fake, 

To  charge  us  witli  the  consequences, 

Of  all  your  native  insolences,  1090 

That  to  your  own  imperious  wills 

Laid  Law  and  Gospel  neck  and  heels  ; 

Corrupted  the  Old  Testament, 

To  serve  the  New  for  precedent ; 

T'  amend  its  errors  and  defects,  IO95 

With  murder  and  rebellion  texts ; ' 

Of  which  there  is  not  any  one 

In  all  the  book  to  sow  upon  ; 

And  tiierefore  from  your  tribe,  the  Jews 

Held  Christian  doctrine  forth,  and  use;  lioo 

As  Mahomet,  your  chief,  began 

To  mix  them  in  the  Alcoran  ;  ^ 

•  '  '"'^.Pfo^'^Ttcrians,  he  says,  Bnding  no  countenance  for  their  purposes 
in  the  New  Testament,  took  their  measures  of  obedience  from  some  in- 
stances  0  rebellion  in  the  Old.  Among  the  corrupted  text^  to  which 
Butler  alludes  .3  probably  that  printed  at  Cambridge,  by  Buck  and 
Daniel,  in  1638,  where  Acts  vi.  3,  reads  ye  instead  of  ",r/may  appoint 
over  this  business,  a  corruption  attributed  by  some  to  the  Independents,  by 
others  to  the  Presbytenans.  But  several  of  the  Bibles  printed  either 
during  or  immediately  preceding  the  Commonwealth  contain  gross  blunders. 
In  the  so-called  Wtcked  Bible,  printed  by  Bates  and  Lucas,  1632,  the  seventh 
commandment  is  printed,  "Thou  thalt  commit  adultery."  In  another 
Bibe,  printed  in  the  Reign  of  Charts  I,  and  immediately  suppressed, 
Psalm  XIV.  reads.  "The  fool  hath  said  in  his  heart,  there  is  a  God."  One 
printed  during  the  Commonwealth  (1653)  by  Field,  reads  at  Rom.  vi  13 
•NeUher  yield    ye  your   members  as  instruments   of  righteousness  unto 

r°  '•,  •>,  1  ■  "'j  '"■;  "A-  f  •  "  ^"'"^  5""  ""'  ">■"  I'""  unrighteous  shall  in- 
herit the  kingdom  of  God."  Many  other  Bibles,  some  of  much  later  date 
present  typographical  errors,  the  most  remarkable  of  which  is  perhaps  that 
printed  at  Bdtast,  by  James  Blood,  1716  (the  first  Bible  printed  in 
Irelan-l),  which  at  John  viii.  11,  reads  lin  (m  more,  instead  of  "  sin  no 
more. 

»  In  his  Pindaric  Ode  upon  an  hypocritical    nonconformist  Remains, 
rol.  I.  p.  13.),  .Mr  Butler  says: 

For  the  Turks'  patriarch,  Mahomet, 
\\'a.s  the  first  great  reformer,  and  the  chief 
Of  th'  ancient  Christian  belief. 
That  mix'd  it  with  new  light  and  cheat, 
With  revelations,  dreams,  and  visions, 
And  apostolic  superstitions. 
To  b«  held  forth,  and  carry'd  on  oy  wai 
And  hii  successor  was  a  presbyter. 
2  B  2 


372  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET    IH 

Denounc'd  and  pray'd  with  fierce  devotion, 

And  bended  elbows  on  the  cushion  ; 

Stole  from  the  beggars  all  your  tones,  1105 

And  gifted  mortifying  groans  ; 

Had  lights  where  better  eyes  were  blind, 

As  pigs  are  said  to  see  the  wind  ; ' 

FUl'd  Bedlam  with  Predestination, 

And  Knightsbridge  with  Illumination  ; '  1110 

Made  children,  with  your  tones,  to  run  for't. 

As  bad  as  Bloodybones  or  Lunsford :  ' 

"While  women,  great  with  chUd,  misearry'd, 

Tor  being  to  Jlalignants  marry'd. 

Transform'd  all  wives  to  DaUlahs,  1115 

"Whose  husbands  were  not  for  the  Cause  ; '' 

And  turn'd  the  men  to  ten-horn'd  cattle, 

Because  they  came  not  out  to  battle  ;  ^ 

Made  tailors'  'prentices  turn  heroes, 

Por  fear  of  b'iug  transform'd  to  Meroz,^  1120 

'  Pigs  are  said  to  be  very  sagacious  in  foretelling  wind  and  weather. 
Thus,  in  a  poem  entitled  Hudibras  at  Court,  we  read ; 

And  now,  as  hogs  can  see  the  wind, 
And  storms  at  distance  coming  find. 

'  At  this  village,  near  London,  was  a  lazar-house,  to  which  the  poet 
alludes. 

-'  That  is,  frightened  children  as  much  by  your  preaching,  as  if  you  had 
threatened  them  with  Rawhead  and  Bloodybones.  Sir  Thomas  Lunsford, 
who  was  represented  by  his  enemies  as  devouring  children  out  of  mere  blood- 
thirstiness,  was  lieutenant  of  the  Tower  a  little  Ijefore  the  beginning  of  the 
war ;  but  afterwards  remo\  ed  by  desire  of  the  Parliament.  He  is  repre- 
sented by  Lord  Clarendon  as  a  man  of  desperate  character  and  dissolute 
habits. 

'  If  the  husband  sided  not  with  the  Presbyterians,  his  wife  was  represent- 
ed as  insidious  and  a  betrayer  of  her  country's  interests,  such  as  Cahlah  was 
to  Samson  and  the  Israelites.     Judges  xvi. 

^  Compared  them  to  the  ten  horns,  or  ten  kings,  who  gave  their  power 
and  strength  to  the  beast.  Revelation  xvii.  12.  See  also  Daniel  vii.  7. 
A  cuckold  is  called  a  horned  beast,  and  a  notorious  cuckold  may  be  called  a 
ten-horned  beast,  there  being  no  beast  described  mth  more  horns  than  the 
beast  in  vision. 

^  "  Curse  ye  Meroz,"  said  the  angel  of  the  Lord ;  "  curse  ye  bitterly  the 
inhabitants  thereof ;  because  they  came  not  to  the  help  of  the  Lord  agains: 
%e  mighty."  Judges  v.  23.  This  was  a  favourite  text  with  those  who 
preached  for  the  Parliament :  and  it  assisted  them  much  in  raising  recruits. 


CANTO    II.]  HUDIBEA8.  873 

And  rather  forfeit  tlieir  indentures, 

Than  not  espouse  tlie  saints'  adventures  : 

Could  transubstantiate,  metamorphose, 

And  charm  whole  herds  of  beasts,  like  Orpheus  ; 

Enchant  the  king's  and  church's  lands,  lia» 

T'  obey  and  follow  your  commauda, 

And  settle  on  a  new  freehold, 

As  Marcle3--hill  had  done  of  old  : ' 

Could  turn  the  Cov'nant,  and  translate 

The  Gospel  into  spoons  and  plate;  1130 

Expound  upon  all  merchant's  cashes, 

And  open  th'  Intricatest  places  ; 

Could  catechise  a  money-box. 

And  prove  all  pouches  orthodox  ; 

TJntil  the  Cause  became  a  Damon,  1135 

And  Pythias  the  wicked  Mammon.* 
And  yet,  in  spite  of  all  your  charms 

To  conjure  Legion  up  in  arms. 

And  raise  more  derils  in  the  rout 

Than  e'er  y'  were  able  to  cast  out,  1140 

T'  have  been  reduc'd,  and  by  those  fools, 

Bred  up,  you  say,  in  your  own  schools, 

"WTio,  tho'  but  gifted  at  your  feet,^ 

Have  made  it  plain  they"have  more  wit, 

By  whom  you've  been  so  oft  trepann'd,  1145 

And  held  forth  out  of  all  command  ; 

Out-gifted,  out-impuls'd,  out-done. 

And  out-reveal'd  at  Carryings-on  ; 

Of  all  your  Dispensations  worm'd, 

Out-providene'd  and  out-rcform'd  ;  1160 

Ejected  out  of  church  and  state, 

And  all  things  but  the  people's  hate  ; 

>  Not  far  from  I,cdt>ury  in  Herefordshire,  towards  the  conflux  of  the 
I.ng  and  \V  jc,  in  the  parish  of  Marclev,  is  a  hill,  which  in  tho  voar  1575 
moved  to  a  considerable  distance.  Camden,  in  his  Life  of  Qncn  felizaheth 
book  11  p.  20  thinks  the  motion  wxs  occa.sioncd  by  an  enrtho»i,ki',  which 
he  calls  brasmatia ;  though  the  cause  of  it  more  probably  was  a  subterraneous 
current,  as  the  motion  continued  for  three  days.  Some  houses  and  a  chanel 
were  ovcrtumid.  " 

•  Until  Mammon  and  the  Cause  were  as  closely  united  and  as  dear  friends 
as  Damon  and  Pythias  the  story  of  whose  well-known  frieiidship  is  cele- 
bratcd  by  IMutarch,  ^  alenus  Maiimus,  and  others 

»  Acte  xiii.  3. 


ST'l  HUDIBEAS.  [part    III. 

And  spirited  out  of  th'  enjoyments 

Of  precious,  edifying  employments, 

By  those  who  lodg'd  their  Q-ifts  and  Graces,         1155 

Like  better  bowlers,  in  your  places  : ' 

All  which  you  bore  with  resolution, 

Charg'd  on  th'  account  of  persecution ; 

And  tho'  most  righteously  oppress'd, 

Against  your  wills,  still  aequiesc'd  ;  1160 

And  never  humm'd  and  hah'd  sedition,' 

Nor  snuffled  treason,  nor  misprision : 

That  is,  because  you  never  durst ; 

For  had  you  preach' d  and  pray'd  your  worst, 

Alas  !  you  were  no  longer  able  1165 

To  raise  your  posse  of  the  rabble : 

One  single  red-coat  sentinel  ^ 

Outcharm'd  the  magic  of  the  spell. 

And,  with  his  squirt-fire,^  could  disperse 

Whole  troops  with  chapter  rais'd  and  verse.  1170 

We  knew  too  well  those  tricks  of  yours, 

To  leave  it  ever  in  your  pow'rs, 

Or  trust  our  safeties,  or  undoings. 

To  your  disposing  of  outgoings, 

Or  to  your  ordering  Providence,  1176 

One  farthing's  worth  of  consequence. 

For  had  you  pow'r  to  undermine. 

Or  wit  to  carry  a  design, 

Or  correspondence  to  trepan, 

Inveigle,  or  betray  one  man ;  1180 

There's  nothing  else  that  intervenes, 

And  bars  your  zeal  to  use  the  means  ; 

And  therefore  wond'rous  like,  no  doubt, 

To  bring  in  kings,  or  keep  them  out  : 

'  The  preceding  lines  described  precisely  the  relation  of  the  Independents 
to  the  Presbyterians,  during  the  Commonwealth. 

2  Hums  and  hahs  were  the  ordinary  expressions  of  approbation,  uttered 
by  hearers  of  sermons.  And  the  "snuffle"  was  then,  and  long  afterwards, 
"  the  nasal  drawl  heard  in  conventicles."  Sir  Roger  L'Estrange  distin- 
guishes between  the  religion  of  the  head  and  that  of  the  nose.  Apology, 
p.  40. 

3  The  "red-coat"  is  thus  specially  mentioned  because  it  was  now,  for 
the  first  time,  made  the  soldier's  peculiar  dress;  and  the  Independents 
formed  the  majority  of  the  soldiery. 

*  That  is,  his  musket. 


ClilTO    II.]  IIUDIBHAS.  375 

Brave  undertakers  to  Restore,  Il8a 

That  could  not  keep  yourselves  in  pow'r ; 

T'  advance  the  int'rests  of  the  crown, 

That  wanted  wit  to  keep  your  own. 

'Tis  true  you  have,  for  I'd  be  loth 

To  wrong  ye,  done  your  parts  in  both ;  liao 

To  keep  him  out,  and  brino;  him  in. 

As  grace  is  iutrodue'd  by  siu : ' 

For  'twas  your  zealous  want  of  sense. 

And  sanctify'd  imjiertiuence  ; 

Your  carrying  bus'ness  in  a  huddle,  1196 

That  forc'd  our  rulers  to  Xew-iiiodel; 

Oblig'd  the  state  to  tack  about, 

And  turn  you,  root  and  branch,  all  out ; 

To  reformado,  one  and  all, 

T'  your  great  croysado  general :  '  1200 

Tour  greedy  slav'ring"  to  devour. 

Before  'twas  in  your  clutches'  pow'r ; 

That  sprung  the  game  you  were  to  set, 

Before  ye  'd  time  to  draw  the  net : 

Tour  spite  to  see  the  church's  lands  1205 

Divided  into  other  hands, 

'  Thus  Saint  Paul  to  the  Romans  :  "  Shall  we  continue  in  sin,  that  grace 
may  abound  ? " 

2  Called  croysado  general,  because  the  Parliament  pretended  to  engage  in 
the  war  chiefly  on  account  of  religion :  a  term  derived  from  the  holy  war 
against  the  Turks  and  Saracens,  which  obtained  the  name  of  Crusade,  or 
Croisado,  from  the  cross  displayed  on  the  banners.  The  Indopcndonts,  find- 
ing that  the  Presbyterians,  who  held  the  principal  places  both  in  Par- 
liament and  in  the  army,  instead  of  aiming  at  what  had  been  proposed  in 
the  Covenant,  were  solely  intent  upon  securing  for  themselves  the  position 
and  authority  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  that  the  Lord  General  Essex 
Wius  plainly  afraid  of  beating  the  king  too  well,  proposed  and  carried  the 
fielf-denitinfj  Ordinance^  by  which  all  mrnihcrs  of  Parliament  (exc<i)t  Fair- 
fax and  Cromwell)  were  prohibited  from  holding  commissions  in  the  army 
and  8cat8  in  the  legislature  at  the  same  time,  Essex,  being  an  "  hereditary 
legislator,"  was  forced  to  resign  his  command ;  the  others  had  to  choose 
between  the  Parliament  and  the  army,  and  most  of  the  Presbyterian  leaders 
chose  to  retain  their  seats  in  the  House,  thinking  so  to  keep  the  control  of 
the  army  in  their  hands.  But  by  the  new-modelling  of  the  army,  insle.ad 
of  the  riff-ratf  which  had  been  prcs^cd  into  the  service  at  first,  it  was  made 
tc  consist  .almost  wholly  of  men  who  had  (as  Cromwell  said)  "  a  mind  to  the 
work,"  small  householders  and  yeomen,  whom  the  Parliament  foond,  tjo 
late,  it  could  not  control. 

*  That  ia,  letting  your  moutha  water. 


376  HrDIBKAS.  [PAET    111. 

And  all  your  sacrilegious  ventures 

ijaid  out  on  tickets  and  debentures : 

Your  envy  to  be  sprinkled  down, 

By  under-churches  in  the  town  ; '  1210 

And  no  course  us'd  to  stop  their  mouths, 

Nor  th'  Independents'  spreading  growths : 

AU  which  eonsider'd,  'tis  most  true 

None  bring  him  in  so  much  as  you, 

"Who  have  prevail'd  beyond  their  plots,*  1215 

Their  midnight  juntos,  and  seal'd  knots, 

That  thrive  more  by  your  zealous  piques, 

Than  aU  their  own  rash  politics. 

And  this  way  you  may  claim  a  share 

In  carrying,  as  you  brag,  th'  affair,  1220 

Else  frogs  and  toads,  that  croak' d  the  Jews 

From  Pharaoh  and  his  brick-kilns  loose, 

And  flies  and  mange,  that  set  them  free 

From  task-masters  and  slavery, 

Were  likelier  to  do  the  feat,  1225 

In  any  indiifrent  man's  conceit: 

For  who  e'er  heard  of  Eestoration, 

Until  your  Thorough  Eeformation  ?  ^ 

That  is,  the  king's  and  church's  lands 

Were  sequester'd  int'  other  hands  :  1230 

For  only  then,  and  not  before. 

Tour  eyes  were  open'd  to  restore ; 

And  when  the  work  was  carrying  on. 

Who  cross' d  it,  but  yourselves  alone  ? 

As  by  a  world  of  hints  appears,  1235 

AH  plain,  and  extant,  as  your  ears.^ 

But  first,  o'  th'  first :  the  Isle  of  Wight 
Will  rise  up,  if  you  shou'd  deny  't ; 

'  By  the  Independents,  whose  popularity  was  much  gi-eater  with  the 
people  than  that  of  tlie  Presbyterians. 

'  The  plots  of  tlie  royalists  are  here  meant. 

^  The  Independent  here  charges  tlie  Presbyterians  with  having  no  design 
of  restoring  the  king,  notwithstanding  the  merit  they  made  of  such  inten- 
tions after  the  Restoration,  until  they  were  turned  oiit  of  all  profit  by  sale 
of  the  crown  and  church  lands ;  and  that  it  was  not  their  lovalty,  but  their 
disappointment  and  resentment  against  the  Independents,  that  made  thein 
think  of  treating  with  the  king. 

*  In  ridicule  of  the  Presbyterians,  many  of  whom,  according  to  Drvden 
ind  others,  had  lost  their  ears  in  the  pillury. 


OAWTo  u.]  nrDrBRAS.  377 

"WTiere  ITemlerson  and  th'  other  masses,' 

"Were  sent  to  cap  texts,  and  put  cases  :  1210 

To  pass  for  deep  and  learned  scliolars, 

Altbo'  but  paltrj-  Ob  and  Sollers  :  2 

As  if  th'  unseasonable  foola 

Had  been  a  coursin;,'  in  the  schools.' 

Until  they  'd  prov'd  tlie  devil  author  1245 

O'  th'  Covenant,  and  the  Cause  his  daughter ; 

For  when  they  ehar^'d  him  with  the  guilt 

Of  all  the  blood  that  had  been  spilt. 

They  did  not  mean  lie  wrought  th'  eflusion 

In  person,  like  Sir  Pride,  or  Hughson,''  1250 

But  only  those  who  first  begun 

The  quarrel  were  by  him  set  on ; 

And  who  could  those  be  but  the  saints, 

Those  reforuiation  termagants  ? 

But  ere  this  pass'd,  the  wise  debate  1255 

Spent  80  much  time  it  grew  too  late ;  * 

'  That  is,  the  other  divines.  Ministers  in  those  days  were  called  masters, 
as  they  are  at  the  854th  line  of  this  canto.  One  of  'this  oriler  would  have 
been  styled,  not  the  reverend,  but  master,  or  master  doctor  such  an  one; 
and  sometimes,  for  brevity's  sake,  and  farailiarlv.  raas,  the  plural  of  which, 
our  poet  makes  masses.  See  Ben  Jonson,  and  Spectator,  No.  147.  Butler 
is  here  guilty  of  anachronism  ;  for  the  treaty  at  the  Isle  of  WiKht  was  two 
years  after  the  death  of  Henderson.  The'  divines  employed  there,  were 
Marshal,  Vines,  Caryl,  Seaman,  Jcnkyns,  and  Sliurston.  'Henderson  was 
present  at  the  Uxbndge  treaty,  and  disputed  witli  the  kin?  at  Newcastle 
when  he  was  in  the  Scottish  army ;  soon  after  whieli  he  died,  as  some  said, 
of  grief,  because  he  could  not  convince  the  king,  but,  as  others  said,  of  re- 
morse, for  having  opposed  him. 

»  That  is,  although  only  contemptible  dabblers  in  school  logic.  So  in 
Burton's  Melancholy,  "  A  pack  of  Obs  and  SoUers."  The  polemic  divines 
of  that  age  and  stamp  filled  the  margins  both  of  their  tracts  and  sermons 
with  the  words  Ob  and  Sol ;  the  one  standing  for  objection,  the  other  for 
solution. 

'  Coursing  is  a  term  used  in  the  university  of  Oxford  for  some  exercises 
preparatory  to  a  master's  degree. 

•  T'ride  was  said  to  have  been  a  draj-man,  and  to  have  been  kniirhted  by 
Cromwell  with  a  stick,  whence  in  derision  he  i.f  called  Sir  Pride.  Ilughsoii, 
or  Ilewson,  was  at  first  a  shoemaker  or  a  cobbler,  but  afterwards  one  of 
Oliver's  Upper  House. 

'  The  negotiation  at  the  Isle  of  Wight  was  protracted  in  order  to  give 
Cromwell  time  to  return  from  Scotland,  by  which  artiflco  the  settlement  of 
the  kingdom  was  effectually  frustrated. 


378  HtTBlBKAS.  [past   HI. 

For  Oliver  had  gotten  ground, 

T'  enclose  him  with  his  warriors  round ; 

Had  brought  his  providence  about, 

And  turu'd  th'  untimely  '  sophists  out.  1260 

Nor  had  the  Uxbridge  bus'ness  less 
Of  nonsense  in  't,  or  sottishness  ; 
When  from  a  scoundrel  holder-forth, 
The  scum,  as  well  as  son  o'  th'  earth, 
Tour  mighty  senators  took  law,  1265 

At  his  command  were  forc'd  t'  withdraw. 
And  sacrifice  the  peace  o'  th'  nation 
To  doctrine,  use,  and  application. 
So  when  the  Scots,  your  constant  cronies, 
Th'  espousers  of  your  cause  and  monies,^  1270 

Who  had  so  often,  in  your  aid, 
So  many  ways  been  soundly  paid. 
Came  in  at  last  for  better  ends, 
To  prove  themselves  your  trusty  friends, 
Tou  basely  left  them,  and  the  church  1275 

iThey  'd  train'd  you  up  to,  in  the  lurch. 
And  suffer'd  yoiu-  own  tribe  of  Christiana 
To  fall  before,  as  true  Philistines.'' 
This  shows  what  utensils  you  've  been. 
To  bring  the  king's  concernments  in ;  1280 

Which  is  so  far  from  being  true. 
That  none  but  he  can  bring  in  you ; 

'  Untimoly  here  means  unseasonable. 

2  Christopher  Love,  a  violent  Presbyterian,  who  preached  a  sermon  at 
Uxbridge  during  the  treaty  held  there,  introducing  many  reflections  upon 
his  Majesty's  person  and  government,  and  stirring  up  the  people  against  the 
king's  commissioners.  He  was  afterwards  executed  (in  1651)  for  treason, 
by  means  of  Cromwell  and  the  Independents. 

3  The  Scots,  in  their  first  expedition,  1640,  had  £300,000  given  them  for 
brotherly  assistance,  besides  a  contribution  of  £850  a  day  from  the  northern 
counties.  In  their  second  expedition,  1643,  besides  much  free  quarter,  they 
had  £19,700  monthly,  and  received  £72,972  in  one  year  by  customs  on 
coals.  'The  Parliament  agreed  to  give  them  £400,000  on  the  surrender  of 
the  king. — Dugdale. 

*  The  Scots  made  a  third  expedition  into  England  for  the  rescue  of  the 
king,  in  1648,  under  the  Duke  of  Hamilton.  They  entered  a  fourth  time 
under  Charles  II.,  expecting  the  Presbyterians,  their  own  brethren,  to  sup- 
port them.  But  the  latter  joined  Cromwell  and  the  Independents ;  thus 
occasioning  the  portion  of  the  true  church  to  fall  before  the  Independent 
army,  whom  they  reckoned  no  better  than  Philistines. 


CASTO    II.]  HTJDIBKAS.  379 

Ami  if  he  take  you  into  trust, 

"Will  fiud  you  most  exactly  just, 

Sueh  as  -will  punctually  repay  1285 

With  double  int'rest,  and  betray. 

Not  that  1  think  those  pautouiimes, 
"Wlio  vary  action  with  the  times, 
Are  less  ingenious  in  their  art. 

Than  those  who  dully  act  one  part ;  1290 

Or  those  who  turn  from  side  to  side, 
More  guilty  than  the  wind  and  tide. 
All  countries  are  a  wise  man's  home, 
And  so  are  governments  to  some. 
Who  change  them  for  the  same  intrigues  1295 

That  statesmen  use  in  breaking  leagues ; 
"While  others  in  old  taiths  and  troths 
Look  odd,  as  out-of-fashion'd  clothes, 
And  nastier  in  an  old  opinion. 

Than  those  who  never  shift  their  linen.  isno 

For  true  and  faithful's  sure  to  lose. 
Which  way  soever  the  game  goes ; 
And  whether  parties  lose  or  win, 
Is  always  nick'd,  or  else  hedg'd  in  :  ' 
While  pow'r  usurp'd,  like  stol'n  delight,  1305 

Is  more  bewitching  than  the  right : 
And  when  the  times  begin  to  alter. 
None  rise  so  high  as  from  the  halter. 
And  so  we  may,  if  we  've  but  sense 
To  use  the  necessary  means,  1310 

And  not  your  usual  stratagems 
On  one  another,  lights,  and  dreams : 
To  stand  on  terms  as  positive. 
As  if  we  did  not  take,  but  give  : 

Set  up  the  Covenant  on  crutches,  1315 

'G^ainst  those  who  have  us  in  their  clutchi's, 
And  dream  of  pulling  churches  down, 
Before  we  're  sure  to  prop  our  own : 
Tour  constant  method  of  proceeding. 
Without  the  carnal  means  :  f  heeding,  1320 

■  ykk  is  a  winning  throw.     Hedye  is  to  protect  by  a  counteracting  bet 
}r  Mt-off ;  a  familiar  Mtting  term  on  the  turf. 


380  HTJDIBEAS.  [PAET    III. 

Who,  'twixt  your  inward  sense  and  outward, 

Are  worse,  than  if  ye  'd  none,  accoutred. 

I  grant  all  courses  are  in  vain, 

Unless  we  can  get  in  again  ; ' 

The  only  way  that's  left  us  now :  1325 

But  all  the  difficulty's,  how  ? 

'Tis  true  we  've  money,  th'  only  power 

That  aU  mankind  falls  down  before ; 

Money  that,  like  the  swords  of  kings, 

Is  the  last  reason  of  all  things  ;  ^  1330 

And  therefore  need  not  doubt  our  play 

Has  all  advantages  that  way  ; 

As  long  as  men  have  faith  to  sell, 

And  meet  with  those  that  can  pay  well ; 

Whose  half-starv'd  pride  and  avarice,  1335 

One  church  and  state  will  not  suffice 

T'  expose  to  sale  ; '  besides  the  wages  * 

Of  storing  plagues  to  after-ages. 

Nor  is  our  money  less  our  own. 

Than  'twas  before  we  laid  it  dowTi ;  1340 

For  'twill  return,  and  turn  t'  account, 

If  we  are  brought  in  play  upon  't, 

Or  but  by  casting  knaves,  get  in, 

What  pow'r  can  hinder  us  to  win ? 

We  know  the  arts  we  us'd  before,  1315 

In  peace  and  war,  and  something  more. 

'  When  General  Monk  restored  the  excluded  members,  the  Eump,  per- 
teiving  they  could  not  carry  things  their  own  way,  and  rule  as  they  had 
done,  quitted  the  House. 

'  Diodorus  Siculus  relates,  that  when  the  height  of  the  walls  of  .\mphi- 
polis  was  pointed  out  to  Philip,  as  rendering  the  town  impregnable,  he 
observed,  they  were  not  so  high  but  that  money  could  be  thrown  over 
them.  Addison  (in  Spectator  239)  says  :  "  ready  money  is  a  way  of  reason- 
ing which  seldom  fails." 

'  There  is  a  list  of  above  a  hundred  of  the  principal  .ictors  in  this  rebel- 
lion, among  whom  the  plunder  of  the  church,  crown,  and  kingdom  was  di- 
vided :  to  some  five,  ten,  and  even  twenty  thousand  p'^unds ;  to  others,  lands 
and  offices  of  hundreds  or  thousands  a  year.  At  the  end  of  the  list,  the 
author  says,  it  was  computed  that  they  had  shared  among  themselves  near 
twenty  millions. 

*  They  allowed,  by  their  own  order,  four  pounds  a  week  to  each  member 
of  Parliament ;  members  of  the  assembly  of  di^es  were  each  allowed  four 
ehillings  a  day. 


CAITTO    n  ]  HUDIBRAS.  3S1 

And  by  th'  unforhmate  events, 

Can  mend  oiir  iioxt  experiments  : 

For  when  we  're  talcen  into  trust, 

How  easy  are  the  wisest  chous'd,  1360 

Wlio  see  but  th'  outsidcs  of  our  feats, 

And  not  their  secret  sprin£;s  and  weights ; 

And  while  they  're  busy,  at  their  ease, 

Can  carry  what  designs  we  please  ? 

How  easy  is  't  to  serve  for  Agents,  1355 

To  prosecute  our  old  Engagements  P 

To  keep  the  Good  Old  Cause  on  foot. 

And  present  pow'r  from  taking  root ; ' 

Inflame  them  both  with  false  alarms 

Of  plots,  and  parties  taking  arms  ;  1360 

To  keep  the  nation's  wounds  too  wide 

From  healing  up  of  side  to  side ; 

Profess  the  passionat'st  Concerns 

For  both  their  interests  by  turns, 

The  only  way  t'  improve  our  own,  1385 

By  dealing  faithfully  with  none; 

As  bowls  run  true,  by  being  made 

On  '  purpose  false,  and  to  be  sway'd, 

For  if  we  should  be  true  to  either, 

'Twould  turn  us  out  of  both  together ;  1370 

And  therefore  have  no  other  means 

To  stand  upon  our  own  defence. 

But  keeping  np  our  ancient  party 

In  vigour,  confident  and  hearty  : 

To  reconcile  our  late  dissenters,  1375 

Our  brethren,  though  by  other  venters  ; 

Unite  them,  and  their  different  maggots, 

As  long  and  short  sticks  are  in  faggota,' 

And  make  them  join  again  as  close. 

As  when  they  first  began  t'  espouse ;  1880 

'  General  Monk  and  his  party,  or  the  Committee  of  Safety :  for  we  must 
understand  the  scene  to  be  laid  at  the  time  when  Monk  bore  the  sway,  or, 
as  will  appear  by  and  by,  at  the  roasting  of  the  ninips,  when  Monk  and  the 
dty  of  London  united  against  tho  Rump  Parliament. 

•  All  the  early  editions  hare  "  of  purpose." 

'  Sec  ,?;sop's  Fables,  171.  Swift  told  this  fable  after  the  ancients,  with 
•iquisite  humour,  to  reconcile  Queen  Anne's  ministers. 


382  HUUIEEAS.  [PAET    III. 

Erect  th(;m  into  separate 

New  Jewish  tribes  ia  church  and  state  -. ' 

To  join  in  marriage  and  commerce,^ 

And  only  'rnong  themselves  converse, 

And  all  that  are  not  of  their  mind,  1385 

Make  enemies  to  all  mankind :  * 

Take  all  religions  in,  aud  stickle 

From  conclave  down  to  conventicle  ;  * 

Agreeing  still  or  disagreeing. 

According  to  the  light  in  being,  1390 

Sometimes  for  liberty  of  conscience. 

And  spiritual  misrule  in  one  sense  ; 

But  in  another  quite  contrary. 

As  dispensations  chance  to  vary ; 

And  stand  for,  as  the  times  will  bear  it,  1395 

All  contradictious  of  the  spirit : 

Protect  their  emissar',  empower'd 

To  preach  sedition,  and  the  word ; 

And  when  they  're  hamper'd  by  the  laws, 

Release  the  lab'rers  for  the  cause,  1400 

And  turn  the  persecution  back 

On  those  that  made  the  first  attack, 

To  keep  them  equally  in  awe 

From  breaking  or  maintaining  law : 

And  when  they  have  their  fits  too  soon,  1405 

Before  the  full-tides  of  the  moon. 

Put  olf  their  zeal  t'  a  fitter  season 

For  sowing  faction  in  and  treason ; 

And  keep  them  hooded,  and  their  churches, 

Like  hawks,  from  bating  on  their  perches ;  *  mo 

That  when  the  blessed  time  shall  come 

Of  quitting  Babylon  and  Eome, 

'  The  Jews  were  not  allowed  to  intermarry  or  mix  familiarly  witti  the 
nations  around  them. 

2  The  accent  is  here  laid  npon  the  last  syllable  of  commerce. 

3  This  was  the  title  given  by  the  Jacobins  of  France  to  our  'William 
Pitt,  whom  they  suspected  of  traversing  their  revolutionary  schemes. 

•  That  is,  from  the  conclave  of  cardinals,  or  papists,  down  to  the  meeting 
house  of  nonconformists, 

»  From  Iieing  too  forward,  or  ready  to  take  lliglit 


CASTO   TI.]  HUDIBBA8.  383 

They  may  be  ready  to  restore 

Their  own  Fifth  Jlouarchy  once  more.' 

Meanwhile  be  better  arm'd  to  fence  1415 

Against  Kevolts  of  Providence,^ 

By  watcliinc;  narrowly,  and  snajiping 

All  blind  sides  of  it,  as  they  happen : 

For  if  success  could  make  us  saints, 

Our  ruin  turn'd  us  miscreants;'  1420 

A  scandal  that  would  fall  too  hard 

Upon  a  Few,  and  unprepar'd. 

These  are  the  courses  we  must  run, 

Spite  of  our  hearts,  or  be  undone. 

And  not  to  stand  on  terms  and  freaks,  U26 

Before  we  have  secur'd  our  necks. 

But  do  our  work  as  out  of  sight, 

As  stars  by  day,  and  suns  by  night ; 

All  licence  of  the  people  own, 

In  opposition  to  the  crown  ;  1430 

And  lor  the  crown  as  fiercely  side. 

The  head  and  body  to  divide. 

The  end  of  all  we  first  design'd, 

And  all  that  yet  remains  behind, 

Be  sure  to  spare  no  public  rapine,  1 135 

On  all  emergencies  that  happen ; 

For  'tis  as  easy  to  supplant 

Authority,  as  men  in  want ; 

As  some  of  us,  in  trusts,  have  madn 

The  one  hand  with  the  other  trade  ;  \U', 

'  In  addition  to  the  four  great  monarchies  which  have  appeared  in  the 
world,  some  of  the  enthu.siasts  thought  tliat  Christ  was  to  rcij^Ti  temporally 
"P"",f  !;'"•  ""<'  '"  "tablish  a  fifth  monanhv.  See  Uutler's  " Cliaracter  dl 
a  t  ifth  Mimarohy  man."  The  Uook  of  Daniel  speaks  of  four  great  earthly 
monarchies,  and  of  one  other,  not  carthlv,  to  succeed  them ;  hence  the  name 

tilth  Monarchy."  The  Oxford  divines  have  in  recent  days  adopted  this 
Classification.  I)r  I.ightfnot  took  a  different  view  of  the  fifth  monarchy,  and 
declares  in  Ins  sermon,  preached  Nov.  5th,  1G69,  that  it  means  "  the  king- 
dom of  the  devil."  " 

'  The  sectaries  of  those  days  talked  more  familiarlv  to  Almighty  God 
than  they  dared  to  do  to  a  superior  officer:  they  remonstrated  witli  him 
made  him  author  of  all  their  wicked  machinations,  and,  if  their  projects 
failed,  they  said  that  Providenco  had  revolted  from  them.  See  note  at 
page  f  .5. 

•  Tum'd  here  signifies  "  would  turn." 


884  HTJDIBEAS.  [PAET   III 

G-ain'd  vastly  by  their  joint  endeavour, 

The  right  a  thief,  the  left  receiver ; 

And  what  the  one,  by  tricks,  forestall'd, 

The  other,  by  as  sly,  retail'd. 

Tor  gain  has  wonderful  elFects  I^-IS 

T'  improve  the  factory  of  sects  ; 

The  Eule  of  Faith  in  all  professions, 

And  great  Diana  of  th'  Ephesians  ; ' 

Whence  turning  of  religion's  made 

The  means  to  turn  and  wind  a  trade.  1450 

And  though  some  change  it  for  the  worse, 

They  put  themselves  into  a  course, 

And  draw  in  store  of  customers, 

To  thrive  the  better  in  commerce : 

Por  all  religions  flock  together,  1*55 

Like  tame  and  wild  fowl  of  a  feather : 

To  nab  the  itches  of  their  sects. 

As  jades  do  one  another's  necks. 

Hence  'tis  hypocrisy  as  well 

Will  serve  t'  improve  a  church,  as  zeal ;  l-lOO 

As  persecution  or  promotion. 

Do  equally  advance  devotion. 

Let  bus'ness,  like  iU  watches,  go 

Sometime  too  fast,  sometime  too  slow ; 

Por  things  in  order  are  put  out  14<!5 

So  easy,  ease  itself  wiU  do  't : 

But  when  the  feat's  design' d  and  meant, 

What  miracle  can  bar  th'  event  ? 

Por  'tis  more  easy  to  betray. 

Than  ruin  any  other  way.  ll^i 

All  possible  occasions  start, 

The  weightiest  matters  to  divert ; 

Obstruct,  perplex,  distract,  entangle, 

And  lay  perpetual  trains  to  wrangle.^ 

But  in  affairs  of  less  import,  1475 

That  neither  do  us  good  nor  hurt. 

And  they  receive  as  little  by. 

Out-fawn  as  much,  and  out-comply, 

•  Acts  xii.  28. 

»  Exactly  the  advice  given  in  Aristophanes,  Equites,  v.  2U 


CASTO    II.]  HUDIBRAS.  385 

And  seem  as  scrupulously  just, 

To  bait  our  hooks  tor  greater  trust.  1490 

But  still  be  careful  to  cr)'  down 

All  public  actions,  tho'  our  own  ; 

The  least  miscarriage  aggravate, 

And  charge  it  all  upon  the  state : 

Express  the  horrid'st  detestation,  14.85 

And  pity  the  distracted  nation  ; 

Tell  stories  scandalous  and  false, 

1'  th'  proper  language  of  cabals. 

Where  all  a  subtle  statesman  says, 

Is  half  in  words,  and  half  in  face  ;  1490 

As  Spaniards  talk  in  dialogues 

Of  heads  and  shoulders,  nods  and  shrugs  : 

Entrust  it  under  solemn  vows 

Of  mum,  and  silence,  and  the  rose,' 

To  be  retail'd  again  in  whispers,  1495 

For  th'  easy  credulous  to  disperse. 

Thus  far  the  statesman — When  a  shout, 
Heard  at  a  distance,  ]nit  him  out ; 
And  strait  another,  all  aghast, 

Eush'd  in  ^rith  equal  fear  and  haste,  1600 

"Who  star'd  about,  as  pale  as  death. 
And,  for  a  while,  as  out  of  breath, 
Till,  having  gather'd  np  his  wits. 
He  thus  began  his  tale  by  fita  : '' 

That  beastly  rabble — that  came  down  1606 

From  all  the  garrets — in  the  town, 
And  stalls,  and  shop-boards — in  vast  swarms, 
With  new-chalk'd  bills — and  rusty  arms, 

'  When  anything  was  saiil  in  confidence,  the  speaker  in  conclusion  ge- 
nerally used  the  word  mum,  nr  silence.  Mum,  m  the  first  sense,  means 
mask,  whence  in  its  .secondary  meaning  comes  secrecy  or  concealment.  Sub 
rati  (under  the  rose)  had  the  same  meaning;  whence,  in  rooms  designed 
for  convivial  meetings,  it  was  customary  to  place  a  rose  above  the  table,  to 
signify  that  anything  there  spoken  onght  never  to  be  divulged.  A  rose 
was  frequently  painted  on  ceilings,  both  in  England  and  Germany.  See 
Brand's  .\nti(iuities  (Hohn's  K<lit.),  vol.  ii.  p.  34.5,  et  teq. 

'  This  was  .Sir  Martin  Noel,  who,  while  the  Cahiil  was  sitting,  brough' 
•he  unp.ilatablc  news  that  the  Kump  Parliament  was  dismissed,  the  secluded 
members  admitted  into  the  House  by  Monk,  and  that  the  mob  of  London 
testified  theii  tpproval  of  the  measure  by  burning  the  Rump  in  effigy 

2o 


3'<G  HTTDIBBAS.  [PAET    III. 

To  cry  the  Cause — up,  heretofore, 

And  bawl  the  bishops — out  of  door  ;  1510 

Are  now  drawn  up — in  greater  shoals, 

To  roast — and  broil  us  on  the  coals, 

And  all  the  grandees — of  our  membera 

Are  earbonading — on  the  embers  ; 

Knights,  citizens,  aud  burgesses —  1515 

Held  forth  by  Kuraps— of  pigs  and  geese, 

That  serve  for  characters — and  badges 

To  represent  their  personages. 

Each  bonfire  is  a  funeral  pile. 

In  which  they  roast,  and  scorch,  and  broil,  1620 

And  ev'ry  representative 

Have  vow'd  to  roast — and  broil  alive : 

And  'tis  a  miracle  we  are  not 

Already  sacrific'd  incarnate ; 

For  while  we  wrangle  here,  and  jar,  1625 

We  're  grillied  all  at  Temple-Bar  ; 

Some,  on  the  sign-post  of  an  ale-house, 

Hang  in  effigy,  on  the  gallows. 

Made  up  of  rags  to  personate 

Respective  oflicers  of  state  ;  1630 

That,  henceforth,  they  may  stand  reputed, 

Proscrib'd  in  law,  and  executed. 

And,  while  the  work  is  carrying  on. 

Be  ready  listed  under  Dun, 

That  worthy  patriot,  once  the  bellows,  1635 

And  tinder-bos  of  all  his  fellows  ; ' 

'  Dun  was  at  that  time  the  common  hangman,  and  succeeding  executioners 
went  by  his  name,  till  eclipsed  by  Jack  Ketch.  But  the  character  here  deline- 
ated was  certainly  intended  for  Sir  Arthur  Ilazlerig,  knight  of  the  shire,  in 
the  Long  Parliament,  for  the  county  of  Leicester,  and  one  of  the  five 
members  of  the  House  of  Commons  whom  the  king  attempted  to  seize  in  the 
House.  He  brought  in  the  bill  of  attainder  against  the  Earl  of  Strafford, 
and  the  bill  against  Episcopacy ;  though  the  latter  was  delivered  oy  Sir 
Edward  Deering  at  his  procurement.  He  also  brought  in  the  bill  for  the 
Militia.  He  was  one  of  the  Rump  ;  and  a  little  before  this  time,  when  the 
Committee  of  Safety  had  been  set  up,  and  the  Rump  excluded,  he  had 
seized  Portsmouth  for  their  use.  It  is  probable  that  Butler  might  call  Sir 
Arthur  by  the  hangman's  name,  for  his  forwardness  and  zeal  in  Parliament 
in  bringing  the  royalists  and  the  king  himself  to  execution.  Before  Monk's 
intentions  were  known,  Hazlerig,  in  a  conversation  with  him,  said,  *'  I  see 
which  way  things  are  going  ;  monarchy  will  be  restored  ;  and  then  I  kuovi 


OAHTO   ri.j  lUTDIBBAS.  337 

The  actiV'st  nienibor  of  tlie  five. 

As  well  as  the  most  primitive  ; ' 

Who,  for  his  faithful  service  then, 

Is  chosen  for  a  fifth  aijen:  '  1S4J 

For  since  the  state  has  made  a  quint 

Of  generals,  he's  listed  in't.' 

This  worthy,  as  the  world  will  say, 

Is  paid  in  specie,  his  own  way  ; 

For,  moulded  to  the  life,  in  clouts,  1545 

They've  pick'd  from  dunsbills  hereabouts 

He's  mounted  on  a  hazel  bavin  ^  ' 

A  cropp'd  malignant  baker  gave  'em  ;  ^ 

And  to  the  largest  bonfire  ridint^ 

They've  roasted  Cook  already,^  and  Pride  in ;  >      1550 

Un  whom,  in  equipage  and  state, 

His  scare-crow  fellow-members  wait, 

And  march  in  order,  two  and  two. 

As  at  thanksgivings  th'  us'd  to  do; 

Each  in  a  tatter'd  talisman,  '  jg.g 

Like  vermin  in  effigy  slain. 

But,  what's  more  dreadful  than  the  rest 
Those  Eumps  are  but  the  Tail  o'  th'  beast,' 

•hat  will  becomeof  me."    "?ooh!  -  replied  Monk,  "I  «t11  secure  von  for 

\7  U        S^   Arthur  nrT'^™"'  '"ir^-    ^"^  ^•^'■-'^-•^  St^tePapTrf, 

depo.'itil^uVf'"  RiJh\rH''Tr'"  "^  ^"'-    ^^IV^'  ^'^'^  "f  C™™^^"-  "nd  the 
ucpo»mrin  ot    Ku'tmrd,  tin-  suvcrnment  of  the  .irrnv  wm  nut  infn  tL  h„^A. 

of  seven  comn,i.,ioners.  of  whom  Ha^lerig  wj™  .     AnT  u  IG.5^3   Mon^ 

naJnZfe^t'"'  '"'''  ""  """"^  '''"  '^"^  ovens  with ;  a  joke  on  the 
,h„^'ll5"\'  f^  "?PP>"S  '■^^  ears,  was  a  punishment  inflicted  on  hak.rs 
'll^irlbe'roS."^'-^  '""'  ""''''■  ''^"^"^-'^  ^"  "">  "-^'P 
hil  ^rf  ^^  "''';,""'■  1*"'''  K'"?'-'  trial,  and  drew  up  the  charges  arrainst 
h  .  ;J^  f -1  "  '  '",7  'T  '"  '•"^■'^  ^"^  ^  ■"""  "f  ah.'^itios.  His  defence  a 
b.s  own  tnal  wa,  hold  and  manly,  claiming  exemption  from  resDrasMi?, 
on  prof.^.onalp.,.un,U;   ^tatin^  that  he  had  merely  acted   La  Ta^v^  7 

^llu   M-.  ""    ,1.''^'"'''' /'"■"  »  hrief.     He  was  hanged  at  Tyburn.     Pnd,' 
and  his      Purge  •■  have  been  spoken  of  before. 
•   In  the  early  editions,  "  Pridc-m." 
3  o  2 


388  nUDIBHAS.  [PAKT   III. 

Set  up  by  popish  engineers, 

As  by  the  crackers  plainly  appears  ;  1560 

For  none  but  Jesuits  have  a  mission 

To  preach  the  faith  with  ammunition, 

And  propagate  the  church  with  powder ; 

Their  founder  was  a  blown-up  soldier.' 

Those  spiritual  pioneers  o'  th'  whore's,  1565 

That  have  the  charge  of  all  her  stores  ; 

Since  first  they  fail'd  in  their  designs,* 

To  take  in  heav'n  by  springing  mines, 

And,  with  unanswerable  barrels 

Of  gunpowder,  dispute  their  quarrels,  1570 

Now  take  a  course  more  practicable, 
By  laying  trains  to  fire  the  rabble. 

And  blow  us  up,  in  th'  open  streets, 

Disguis'd  in  Rumps,  like  Sambenites,* 

More  like  to  ruin  and  confound,  1575 

Than  all  their  doctrines  under-ground. 

Nor  have  they  chosen  Eumps  amiss,* 

For  symbols  of  state-mysteries  ; 

Tho'  some  suppose,  'twas  but  to  show 

How  much  they  scorn'd  the  saints,  the  Few,         1580 

"Who,  'cause  they're  wasted  to  the  stumps, 

Are  represented  best  by  Eumps.* 

But  .Jesuits  have  deeper  reaches 

In  all  their  politic  far-fetches  ; 

And  from  the  Coptic  priest,  Kircherus,^  1585 

Found  out  this  mystic  way  to  jeer  us  :' 

'  Ignatius  Loyola,  founder  of  the  Society  of  Jesuits,  was  bred  a  soldier, 
and  wounded  at  the  siege  of  Pampeluna  by  the  French,  in  1521.  See 
note  on  line  606,  above. 

'  Alluding  to  the  Gunpowder  Plot,  attributed  to  the  Jesuits,  the  defeat 
of  which  is  celebrated  on  Nov.  5,  to  this  day ;  but  the  prayers  and  thanks- 
giving have  just  been  abolished,  and  expunged  from  the  litm-gy,  by  Royal 
ordinance. 

3  Persons  wearing  the  sambenito :  a  straight  yellow  coat  \vitbout  sleeves, 
having  the  picture  of  the  devil  painted  upon  it  in  black,  wherein  the 
officers  of  the  Inquisition  tised  to  disguise  and  parade  heretics  after  their 
tondemnatiou. 

*  See  A  speech  made  at  the  Eota.     Eeraains,  vol.  i.  page  320. 

s  They  were  called  the  Rump  Parliament,  as  being  the  end  of  a  body. 

•  The  early  editions  spell  this  name  thus :   Kirkerus. 

'  Athanasius  Kircher,  a  Jesuit,  wrote  many  books  on  the  aatiquities  of 


OAKTO   11.]  HITDIBBAS. 


389 


For,  as  the  Egyptians  us'd  by  bees 

T'  express  their  antique  Ptolemies, 

And  by  their  stints,  the  swords  they  wore,' 

Held  forth  authority  and  pow'r ;  '  1590 

Because  these  subtle  animals 

Bear  all  their  iut'rests  in  their  tails ; 

And  when  they're  once  inijiair'd  in  that. 

Are  baiiish'd  their  well-order'd  state  : 

They  thought  all  governments  were  best  1595 

By  hieroglyphic  Eumps  exprest. 

For  as  in  bodies  natural. 

The  Eunip's  the  fundament  of  all ; 

So,  in  a  commonwealth  or  realm. 

The  government  is  called  the  helm  ;  1600 

With  which,  like  vessels  under  sail. 

They're  turn'd  and  winded  by  the  tail. 

Tlie  tail,  which  birds  and  fishes  steer 

Their  courses  with,  thro'  sea  and  air; 

To  whom  the  rudder  of  the  rump  is   '  leos 

The  same  thing  with  the  stern  and  compass. 

This  shows,  how  perfectly  tlie  rump 

And  commonwealth  in  nature  jump. 

For  as  a  fly  that  goes  to  bed, 

Eests  with  his  tail  above  his  head,'^  I810 

So,  in  this  mongrel  state  of  ours, 

The  rabble  are  the  supreme  powers, 

That  hors'd  us  ou  their  backs,  to  show  us 

A  jadish  trick  at  last,  and  throw  us. 

The  learned  Eabbins  of  the  Jews  I6I6 

Write,  there's  a  bone,  which  they  call  luez,' 

Eprpt :  one  of  them  is  called  CF.lipus  E^vptiacus,  for  which  he  ears  he 
etudied  the  Epvptian  mysteries  twenty  years'.  The  Copts  were  the  primitive 
Christians  of  Epypt. 

'  The  Epj-ptians  anciently  represented  their  kinfs  under  the  emhlcm  of 
a  bee,  which  has  the  power  of  dispensing  benefits  and  inflicting  punishments 
by  lU  honcjr  and  its  stinp ;  though  the  poet  dwells  most  on  the  energy  which 
It  hears  in  Us  ta.l :  so  the  citizens  of  London  significantly  represented  this 
fag-end  of  a  Tarliament  by  the  rumps,  or  tail-parts,  of  sheep  and  other 
animals.  Some  late  editions  read,  ancient  Ptolemies.  See  Butler's  Re- 
mains, "  A  speech  in  the  Rota." 

»  Alluding  to  the  position  flies  tike  up,  on  walls. 

'  Ehcn  Ezra,  and  .Manussch  Hen  Israel,  taught  that  there  is  a  bone  b 
the  rump  of  a  man  (that  is,  in  the  lower  end  of  the  back-bone)  of  the  sise 


890  HTJDIBEAB.  [PAET   IIJ 

I'  til'  rump  of  man,  of  such  a  virtue, 

No  force  in  nature  can  do  hurt  to ; 

And  therefore,  at  the  last  great  day, 

All  th'  other  members  shall,  they  say,  1620 

Spring  out  of  this,  as  from  a  seed 

All  sorts  of  vegetals  proceed  ; 

From  whence  the  learned  sons  of  art 

Os  sac/-MOT  justly  style  that  part:' 

Then  what  can  better  represent,  1095 

Than  this  rump-bone,  the  Parliament  ? 

That  after  sev'ral  rude  ejections, 

And  as  prodigious  resurrections, 

With  new  reversions  of  nine  lives. 

Starts  up,  and,  like  a  cat,  revives  ?  ^  1630 

and  shape  of  half  a  pea ;  from  which,  as  fi-om  an  incorruptible  seed,  the 
whole  man  would  be  perfectly  formed  at  the  resurrection.  Eemains,  vol. 
i.  p.  320.  The  rabbins  found  their  wild  conjectures  on  Genesis  xlviii. 
2,  3.  See  Agrippa  de  occulta  philosophia,  1.  i.  c.  20.  Buxtorf,  in  his 
Chaldean  Dictionary,  under  the  word  Luz,  says,  it  is  the  name  of  a  human 
bone,  which  the  Jews  look  upon  as  incorruptible.  In  a  book  called  Bre- 
shith  Rabboth,  sect.  28,  it  is  asserted  that  Adrian,  reducing  the  bonea 
to  powder,  asked  the  rabbin  Jehoshuang  (Jesuah  the  son  of  Hanniah) 
how  God  would  raise  man  at  the  day  of  judijment:  from  the  Luz,  re- 
plied the  rabbin :  how  do  you  know  it .'  says  Adrian :  bring  me  one,  and 
you  shall  see,  says  Jehoshuang :  one  was  produced,  and  all  methods,  by  fire, 
pounding,  and  other  methods  tried,  but  in  vain.  See  Manasseh  Ben-Israel 
de  Resurreotione,  lib.  li.  cap.  16.  See  also  Butler's  Eemains,  "  Speech  in 
the  Rota." 

'  The  lowest  of  the  vertebrae,  or  rather  the  bone  below  the  vertebrae,  is 
BO  called  ;  not  for  the  reason  wittily  assigned  by  our  poet,  but  because  it 
is  much  bigger  than  any  of  the  vertebras. 

2  The  Rump,  properly  so  called,  began  at  Pride's  Purge,  a  little  before 
the  king's  death  ;  and  had  the  supreme  authority  for  about  five  years  ;  being 
'turned  out  on  April  23,  1653,  by  Cromwell.  After  his  death,  and  the  de- 
position of  his  son  Richard,  the  Rump  Parliament  was  restored  by  Lambert 
and  other  oflicers  ot  the  army,  on  May  7,  1059,  in  number  about  forty- 
two,  the  excluded  members  not  being  permitted  to  sit.  On  October  13,  in 
the  same  year,  they  were  dismissed  by  those  who  had  summoned  them,  and 
the  officers  chose  a  Committee  of  Safety  of  twenty-three  persons ;  who  ad- 
ministered the  affairs  of  government  till  December  20,  wlien,  finding  them- 
selves generally  hated  and  slighted,  and  wanting  money  to  pay  the  soldiers, 
Fleetwood  and  others  desired  the  Rump  to  return  to  the  exercise  of  their 
trust.  At  length,  by  means  of  General  Monk,  above  eighty  of  the  old  se- 
cluded members  resumed  their  places  in  the  House  ;  upon  which  most  of 
the  Rumpers  quitted  it.  Butler,  in  his  Genuine  Remains,  vol.  i.  p.  320, 
says,  "  Nothing  can  bear  a  nearer  resemblance  to  the  luz,  or  rump-bone  of 
the  ancient  rabbins,  than  the  present  Parliament,  that  has  been  so  many 


CAKTO    II-l  HT7DIBBAS.  391 

But  now.  alas  !  they're  all  expir'd, 

AuJ  th'  House,  iis  well  as  members,  fir'J  ; 

Consum'd  in  kennels  by  tl>e  rout, 

With  which  they  other  tires  put  out ; 

Condemn'd  t'  uncioverninti;  distress,  1636 

And  paltry  private  wretolieduess  ; 

"Worse  than  the  devil  to  [irivation, 

Beyond  all  hojies  of  restoration  ; 

And  parted,  like  the  body  and  soul. 

From  all  dominion  and  control.  1610 

We,  who  coidd  lately,  with  a  look, 

Enact,  establish,  or  revoke. 

Whose  arbitrary  nods  2;ave  law. 

And  fro^\Tis  kept  multitudes  in  awe  ; 

Before  the  bluster  of  whose  huff,  1645 

All  hats,  as  in  a  storm,  flew  oil"; 

Ador'd  and  bow'd  to  by  the  great, 

Down  to  the  footman  and  valet ; 

Had  more  bent  knees  than  chapel  mats. 

And  prayers  than  the  crowns  of  hats,  1650 

Shall  now  be  scorn'd  as  wTetchedly : 

For  ruin's  just  as  low  as  high  ; 

Which  miglit  be  sufler'd,  were  it  all 

Tlie  horror  that  attends  our  fall : 

For  some  of  us  have  scores  more  large  1655 

Than  heads  and  quarters  can  discliarge;' 

And  others,  who,  by  restless  scraping. 

With  public  frauds,  and  private  rapine, 

Have  mighty  heaps  of  wealth  amass'd, 

Would  gladly  lay  down  all  at  last ;  136J 

And,  to  be  but  undone,  entail 

Their  vessels  on  i)er])etual  jail,' 
years  dcid,  and  rotten  under  fjroiiml,  to  iiny  m.in's  thinking;,  that  the  ghosts 
of  some  of  the  members  thereof  have  transmijin-atcd  into  other  prliamcnt.s, 
and  some  into  those  parts  from  whence  there  is  no  redemption,  shnuU'., 
nevertheless,  at  two  several  and  respective  resurrections  start  up,  like  the 
dragon's  teeth  that  were  sown,  into  livinjr,  natural,  and  carnal  mcmliers. 
And  hence  it  !.•!,  I  suppose,  that  the  physicians  and  anatomists  call  this  bone 
OS  sacrum,  or  the  holy  bone." 

'  AUudins;  to  the  common  puni^hment8  of  high  treason;  noblemen  being 
beheaded,  and  others  hung,  drawn,  and  quartered. 

*  This  commutation  was  accepted  by  some  of  the  Ref^cides  at  the  Re- 
itoration. 


892  HFT)IBBAS.  [PABX   III. 

And  bless  the  devil  to  let  them  farms 
Of  forfeit  souls,  on  no  worse  terms. 

This  said,  a  near  and  louder  shout  lees 

Put  all  th'  assembly  to  the  rout,' 
Who  now  began  t'  out-run  their  fear. 
As  horses  do,  from  those  they  bear  ; 
But  crowded  on  with  so  much  haste, 
Until  they'd  block'd  the  passage  fast,  i67o 

And  barricado'd  it  with  haunches 
Of  outward  men,  and  bulks  and  paunches, 
That  with  their  shoulders  strove  to  squeeze. 
And  rather  save  a  crippled  piece 

Of  all  their  crush'd  and  broken  members,  1676 

Than  have  them  grillied  on  the  embers ; 
StiU  pressing  on  with  heavy  packs 
Of  one  another  on  their  backs. 
The  van-guard  could  uo  longer  bear 
The  charges  of  the  forlorn  rear,  1680 

But,  borne  down  headlong  by  the  rout, 
Were  trampled  sorely  underfoot ; 
Yet  nothing  prov'd  so  formidable. 
As  th'  horrid  cook'ry  of  the  rabble  :' 
And  fear,  that  keeps  all  feeling  out,  1685 

As  lesser  pains  are  by  the  gout, 

When  Sir  Martia  came  to  the  Cabal,  he  left  the  rabble  at  Temple-bar, 
.  oy  the  time  he  had  concluded  his  discourse,  they  had  reached  ^yhitehau! 
This  alarmed  our  Caballers  and  they  made  a  precipitate  retreat,  apprehensive 
lest  they  should  be  hanged  in  reality,  as  they  had  been  in  effigy. 
_  •  The  following  very  graphic  account  of  this  popular  burufng  and  roast- 
ing of  the  Rumps  is  given  by  Pepys,  who  happened  to  be  going  through  the 
streets  at  the  time.  "  In  Cheapside  there  were  a  great  many  bonfires,  and 
Bow-beUs,  and  all  the  bells  in  all  the  churches,  as  we  went  home  were  a- 
ringmg.  Hence  we  went  homewards,  it  being  about  ten  at  night.  But  the 
common  joy  that  was  everywhere  to  be  seen !  The  number  of  bonfires,  there 
being  fourteen  between  St  Dunstan's  ami  Temple-bar,  and  at  Strand  Bridge 
[a  bridge  which  spanned  the  Strand  close  to  the  east  end  of  Catherine-street, 
where  a  smaU  stream  ran  down  from  the  fields  into  the  Thames  near  Somer- 
set House]  I  could  tell  at  one  time  thirty-one  fires ;  in  King-street  seven  or 
eight ;  and  all  along,  burning,  and  roasting,  and  drinking  of  Rumps ;  there 
being  rumps  tied  upon  sticks,  and  carried  up  and  down.  The  butchers  at 
the  maypoles  in  the  Strand  rang  a  peal  witli  their  knives  when  they  were 
going  to  sacrifice  their  rump.  On  Ludgale-hill  there  was  one  turning  of  the 
spit  that  had  a  rump  tied  to  it,  and  another  basting  of  it.  Indeed,  it  was 
past  imagination,  both  the  greatness  and  the  suddenness  of  it.     At  cue  end 


^ 


CANTO    II.] 


nUDlBHAS 


Eeliov'd  'em  with  a  fresh  supply 
Of  rallied  force,  enough  to  fly, 
And  beat  a  Tuscan  running  horse, 
"Whose  jockey -rider  is  all  spurs.' 


393 


1690 


of  the  street  you  would  think  there  was  a  whole  lane  of  fire,  and  so  hot  that 
we  were  fain  to  keep  on  the  other  side."  See  Pepys'  Memoirs,  vol.  i.  n  22 
(Bohn's  edition).  '^' 

'  Kaccs  of  this  kind  arc  practised  both  on  the  Corso  at  Rome,  and  at 
Florence.  At  Rome,  in  the  carnival,  a  number  of  horses  are  trained  on 
purpose  for  this  diversion.  They  are  drawn  up  a-breast  in  the  I'iazza  del 
i'opolo;  and  certa  n  balls,  with  little  sharp  spikes,  arc  hung  aloug  theii 
rumps,  which  serve  to  spur  them  on  as  soon  as  they  begin  to  ran. 


PART  III.    CANTO  III. 


I  ■  \  .\ 


ARGUMENT. 


The  Knight  and  Squire's  prodigious  flight 
To  quit  th'  enchanted  bow'r  by  night : 
He  plods  to  turn  his  amorous  suit, 
T'  a  plea  in  law,  and  prosecute : 
Repairs  to  counsel,  to  advise 
'Bout  managing  the  enterprise  ; 
But  first  resolves  to  try  by  letter, 
And  one '  more  fair  address,  to  get  her. 

'  The  early  editions  read,  "once"  more. 


PART  III.    CANTO  III. 


[no  would  believe  what  strange  bugbears 
Mankind  creates  itself,  of  fears, 
That  spring,  like  fern,  that  insect  weed, 
Equivocally,  without  seed,' 
And  have  no  possible  foundation, 
But  merely  in  th'  imagination  ? 

And  yet  can  do  more  dreadful  feats 

Than  hags,  with  all  their  imps  and  teats  ;^ 

Make  more  bewitch  and  haunt  themselves, 

Than  all  their  nurseries  of  elves. 

For  fear  does  things  so  like  a  witch, 

'Tis  liard  t'  unriddle  which  is  which  ; 

Sets  up  communities  of  senses. 

To  chop  and  change  intelligences ; 

As  Eosieruciau  virtuosos 

Can  see  with  ears,  and  hear  with  noses ;' 


10 


16 


'  Ho  calls  it  an  insect  weed,  on  the  supposition  of  its  being  bred,  as  many 
insects  were  thought  to  be,  by  what  was  called  equivocal,  or  spontaneous, 
generation.  Ferns  have  seeds  so  small  as  to  be  almost  invisible  to  the  naked 
eye ;  whence  the  ancients  held  them  to  be  without  seed.  Our  ancestors, 
believing  that  the  seed  of  this  plant  was  invisible,  reported  that  those  who 
possessed  the  secret  of  wearino;  it  about  them  wouUt  become  likewise  in- 
visible. Shakspcare  registers  this  notion,  no  doubt  banteringly,  in  his 
Henry  FV.  Part  I.  Gads/iUl, — We  steal  as  in  a  castle,  cock-sure ;  we  have 
the  receipt  of /em-seed^  we  walk  invisible. 

'  Alluding  to  common  superstitions  about  witches. 

'  Grey  calls  this  a  banter  on  the  Sfarouis  of  Worcester's  century  of  in- 
Tcntions ;  amongst  which  is  one  entitled,  "  how  to  write  by  the  smell,  tho 
^uch,  or  the  taste,  as  distinctly  and  unronfiisedly,  yea,  as  readily,  as  by  the 
sight."  Butler,  in  his  Remains,  says  :  "  Tliis  is  an  art  to  teach  men  to  see 
with  their  cars,  and  hear  with  their  eyes  and  noses,  as  it  has  been  found  true 
by  experience  and  demonstration,  if  we  niav  believe  the  history  of  the  Spani- 
ard, that  could  see  words,  and  sw.illow  music  by  holding  the  peg  of  a  nddle 
between  his  tecto  ;  or  him  that  could  sing  his  part  backward  at  first  sight. 


306  HFDIBEAS.  [PAET    III 

And  wheE  they  neitlier  see  nor  hear, 

Have  more  than  both  supplied  by  fear, 

That  makes  them  in  the  dark  see  visions, 

And  hag  themselves  vrith  apparitions  ;  20 

And  when  their  eyes  discover  least, 

Discern  the  subtlest  object  best ; 

Do  things  not  contrary  alone 

To  th'  course  of  nature,  but  its  own ; 

The  courage  of  the  bravest  daunt,  26 

And  turn  poltroons  as  valiaut : 

For  men  as  resolute  appear 

With  too  much,  as  too  little  fear ; 

And,  when  they're  out  of  hopes  of  flying, 

"Will  run  away  from  death,  by  dying ;  30 

Or  turn  again  to  stand  it  out, 

And  those  they  fled,  like  lions,  rout. 

This  Hudibras  had  prov'd  too  true, 
Who,  by  the  furies,  left  perdue. 
And  haunted  with  detachments,  sent  35 

From  Marshal  Legion's  regiment,' 
Was  by  a  fiend,  as  counterfeit, 
Reliev'd  and  rescu'd  with  a  cheat, 
When  nothing  but  himself,  and  fear. 
Was  both  the  imps  and  conjurer  ;*  40 

As  by  the  rules  o'  th'  virtuosi, 
It  follows  in  due  form  of  poesie. 

Disguis'd  in  all  the  masks  of  night, 
We  left  our  champion  on  his  flight, 

which  those  that  were  near  him  might  hear  with  their  noses."  See  Re- 
mains, vol.  ii.  p.  245.  Nash  thinks  that  Butler  probably  meant  to  ridicule 
Sir  Kenelra  Digby,  who  in  his  "  Treatise  on  the  Nature  of  Bodies,"  tells  the 
story  of  a  Spauish  nobleman  "who  could  hear  by  his  eyes  and  see  words." 

'  Grey  supposes  that  Stephen  Marshal,  a  famous  Presbyterian  preacher, 
who  dealt  largely  iu  hell  and  damnation,  and  was  called  the  Geneva  Bull, 
is  here  intended,  liut  Nash  thinks  that  the  word  marshal  is  a  title  of  of- 
fice and  rank,  not  the  name  of  any  particular  man,  and  that  legion  is  used 
for  the  name.of  a  leader,  or  captain  of  a  company  of  devils.  The  meaning 
is,  that  the  Knight  was  haunted  by  a  crew  of  devils,  such  as  that  in  the 
Gospel,  which  obtained  the  name  of  Legion,  because  they  were  many. 

^  The  poet,  with  great  wit,  rallies  the  imaginary  and  groundless  fears 
which  possess  some  persons :  and  from  whence  proceed  the  tales  of  ghosts 
and  apparitions,  imps,  conjurers,  and  witches. 


oiJfTO  in.]  HUDiBRAa.  397 

At  bllmlman's  liufFto  fjrope  his  way,  46 

In  equal  fear  of  niglit  and  day  ; 

"Wlio  took  his  dark  and  dosp'rate  courae, 

He  knew  no  better  than  his  horse  ; 

And  by  an  unknown  devil  led.' 

He  knew  as  little  whither,  tied.  60 

He  never  was  in  greater  need, 

Nor  less  rapacity  of  speed  ; 

Disabled,  both  in  man  and  beast, 

To  fly  and  nm  away,  his  best ; 

To  keep  the  enemy,  and  fear,  65 

From  equal  falling  on  his  rear. 

And  though,  with  kicks  and  bangs  he  ply'd. 

The  further  and  the  nearer  side  ; 

As  seamen  ride  with  all  their  force, 

And  tug  as  if  they  row'd  the  horse,  60 

And  when  the  hackney  sails  most  swift, 

Believe  they  lag,  or  run  a-drift ; 

So,  tho'  he  posted  e'er  so  fast. 

His  fear  was  greater  than  his  haste  : 

For  fear,  though  fleeter  than  the  wind,  66 

Believes  'tis  always  left  behind. 

But  when  the  morn  began  t'  appear,' 

And  shift  t'  another  scene  his  fear, 

He  found  his  new  officious  shade, 

That  came  so  timely  to  his  aid,  ?0 

And  forc'd  him  from  the  foe  t'  escape, 

Had  turn'd  itself  to  Ealpho's  shape. 

So  like  in  person,  garb,  and  pitch, 

'Twas  hard  t'  interpret  which  was  which. 

For  Ealpho  had  no  sooner  told  75 

The  lady  all  he  had  t'  unfold, 
But  she  convey'd ''  him  out  of  sight, 
To  entertain  th'  approaching  Knight ; 

'  It  was  Ralpho  who,  though  unknown,  conTeyed  the  Knight  ont  of  the 
widow's  house. 

'  We  have  now  amred  at  the  third  day  of  the  notion  of  the  poem.  From 
tho  opcnine  of  these  adventures  every  morning  and  night  has  becD  poeti- 
cally descnhod. 

'  Var.  eonvoy'd  him,  in  the  editions  before  IG84. 


398  HUDIBHAS. 


'iET    III. 


And  while  he  gave  himself  diversion, 

T'  accommodate  his  beast  and  person,  80 

And  put  his  beard  uito  a  posture 

At  best  advantage  to  accost  her, 

She  order' d  th'  anti-masquerade, 

For  his  reception,  aforesaid : 

But,  when  the  ceremony  was  done,  85 

The  lights  put  out,  the  "furies  gone, 

And  Hudibras,  among  the  rest, 

Convey'd  away,  as  Ealpho  guess'd,' 

The  wretched  caitiff,  all  alone. 

As  he  believ'd,  began  to  moan,  90 

And  tell  his  story  to  himself; 

The  Knight  mistook  him  for  an  elf; 

And  did  so  still,  till  he  began 

To  scruple  at  Ealph's  outward  man. 

And  thought,  because  they  oft  agreed  9S 

T'  appear  in  one  another's  stead. 

And  act  the  saint's  and  devil's  part, 

With  undistinguishable  art, 

They  might  have  done  so  now,  perhaps, 

And  put  on  one  another's  shapes ;  100 

And  therefore,  to  resolve  the  doubt, 

He  star'd  upon  him,  and  cry'd  out. 

What  art  ?  my  Squire,  or  that  bold  sprite 

That  took  his  place  and  shape  to-night  ?'^ 

Some  busy  independent  Pug,  106 

Retainer  to  his  synagogue? 

Alas  !  quoth  he,  I'm  none  of  those 
Tour  bosom  friends,  as  you  suppose. 
But  Ealph  himself,  your  trusty  Squire, 
Who  's  dragg'd  your  donship  out  o'  the  mire,'         no 

'  It  is  here  said  that  Ralpho  guessed  his  master  was  conveyed  away,  and 
that  he  believed  himself  to  be  all  alone  when  he  made  his  lamentiition  :  but 
this  must  be  a  slip  of  memory  in  the  poet,  for  some  parts  of  his  lamenta- 
tions are  not  at  all  applicable  to  his  own  case,  but  plainly  designed  for  his 
master's  hearing :  such  are  ver.  1371,  &c.,  of  Part  iii.  c.  i.  In  satirical 
poetry  absolute  consistency  is  not  indispensable. 

'  Sir  Hudibras,  we  may  remember,  though  he  had  ;'o  objection  to  con- 
sult with  evil  spirits,  did  not  speak  of  them  with  much  respect. 

^  The  word  Don  is  often  used  to  signify  a  knight.  In  the  old  editiona 
previous  to  1710  it  is  spelt  rfun;  the  reading  here  is  Dumhip. 


C.VNTJ    III.]  HUDIPRAS.  399 

And  from  th'  enchantments  of  a  widow, 

AVho  'd  tuni'd  you  int'  a  beast,  have  freed  you ; 

And,  tho'  a  prisoner  of  war, 

Have  brought  you  safe,  where  now  you  are ; 

"Which  you  wou'd  gratefully  repay,  116 

Tour  constant  Presbyterian  way. 

That's  stranger,  quoth  the  Knight,  and  stranger ; 

Who  gave  thee  notice  of  my  danger  ? 

Quoth  he,  Th'  infernal  conjurer 
Pursu'd,  and  took  me  prisoner ;  120 

And,  knowing  you  were  hereabout, 
Brought  me  along  to  find  you  out, 
Where  I,  in  hugger-mugger  hid,' 
Have  noted  all  they  said  or  did  : 

And,  tho'  they  lay  to  him  the  pageant,  125 

I  did  not  see  him  nor  his  agent ; 
Who  pla}''d  their  sorceries  out  of  sight, 
T'  avoid  a  fiercer  second  fight. 

But  didst  thou  see  no  devils  then  ? 
Not  one,  quoth  he,  but  carnal  men,  130 

A  little  worse  than  fiends  in  hell. 
And  tliat  she-devil  Jezebel, 
That  laugh'd  and  tee-he'd  with  derision 
To  see  them  take  your  deposition. 

What  then,  quoth  Hudibras,  was  he  136 

That  play'd  the  dev'l  to  examine  me  ? 

A  rallying  weaver  in  the  town. 
That  did  it  in  a  parson's  gown, 
AV'hom  all  the  parish  take  for  gifted. 
But,  for  my  part,  I  ne'er  believ'd  it :  140 

In  which  you  told  them  all  your  feats. 
Your  conscientious  frauds  and  cheats ; 
Deny'd  your  whipping,  and  coufess'd 
The  naked  truth  of  all  the  rest. 

More  plainly  than  the  rev'rend  writer  146 

That  to  our  churches  veil'd  his  mitre.' 

'  Meaning  privately  and  without  order.  Thus  Shakspeare,  in  Hamlet ; 
"We've  done  but  greenly  in  huyijer-mugger  to  inter  him  ;  poor  Ophelia  " 

'  Thi.s  character  has  been  applied  to  several  church  dignitaries  :  Wihiama, 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  afterward  Archbishop  of  York,  "  the  pippcr-nosed  Caitiff 
that  snuffs,  pulfs,  and  uulTs  iogrutitude  to  Parliament — a  jack-a-knt  mad« 


400  HTJBIBRAS.  [PAET    III. 

AH  which  they  took  in  black  and  white, 
And  cudgell'd  me  to  underwrite. 

What  made  thee,  when  they  all  were  gone, 
And  none  but  thou  and  I  alone,  150 

To  act  the  devil,  and  fbrbear 
To  rid  me  of  my  hellish  fear  ? 

Quoth  he,  I  knew  your  constant  rate. 
And  frame  of  sp'rit  too  obstinate. 
To  be  by  me  prevaU'd  upon,  166 

With  any  motives  of  my  own : 
And  therefore  strove  to  counterfeit 
The  devil  awhile,  to  nick  your  wit ; 
The  devil,  that  is  your  constant  crony. 
That  only  can  prevail  upon  ye  ;  160 

Else  we  might  still  have  been  disputing. 
And  they  with  weighty  drubs  confuting. 

The  Knight,  who  now  began  to  find 
They  'd  left  the  enemy  behind. 

And  saw  no  further  harm  remain,  165 

But  feeble  weariness  and  pain, 
Perceiv'd,  by  losing  of  their  way. 
They'd  gain'd  th'  advantage  of  the  day, 
And,  by  declining  of  the  road, 

They  had,  by  chance,  their  rear  made  good  ;  170 

He  ventur'd  to  dismiss  his  fear, 
That  parting's  wont  to  rant  and  tear, 
And  give  the  desp'ratest  attack 
To  danger  still  behind  its  back  : 

of  a  leek  and  red  herring; "  Graham,  Bishop  of  Orkney,  who  renounced  hia 
Bishoprick  to  join  the  Scotch  covenanters ;  Adair,  Bishop  of  Kilala,  who 
was  deprived  of  his  Bishoprick  for  speaking  in  favour  of  the  covenanters ; 
and  Herbert  Croft,  the  excellent  Bishop  of  Hereford ;  all  of  whom  had 
seemed  more  or  "less  to  side  with  the  Dissenters.  But  Cashpoints  out  a 
coincidence  which  fixes  it  on  the  last-named  prelate.  It  appears  that  in 
1675,  three  years  before  the  publication  of  this  part  of  the  poem,  a  pam- 
phlet came  out,  generally  attributed  to  the  Bishop  of  Hereford,  called, 
The  naked  Truth,  or  State  of  the  Primitive  Church,  a  title  which  gives  a 
striking  air  of  probability  to  the  supposition.  In  this  piece  the  distinction 
of  the  three  orders  of  the  Church  is  flatly  denied,  and  endeavoured  to  be 
disproved :  the  surplice,  bowing  towards  the  altar,  kneeling  at  the  sacrament, 
and  other  ceremonies  of  the  Church,  are  condemned ;  while  most  of  the 
pleas  for  nonconformists  are  speciously  and  zealously  supported.  Thil 
pamphlet  made  a  great  noise  at  the  time. 


CANTO   III.]  BUDIBHA8.  401 

For  having  paus'd  to  recollect,  17S 

And  on  his  past  success  reflect, 

T'  examine  and  consider  why, 

And  whence,  and  how,  he  came  to  fly. 

And  when  no  devil  had  appear'd, 

AVliat  else  it  could  be  said  he  lear'd,  180 

It  put  him  in  so  fierce  a  rage. 

He  once  resolv'd  to  re-engage  ; 

Toss'd,  like  a  foot-ball,  back  again 

With  shame,  and  vengeance,  and  disdain. 

Quoth  he.  It  was  thy  cowardice,  185 

That  made  me  from  this  leaguer  rise, 
And  when  I'd  half  reduc'd  the  place, 
To  quit  it  infamou.sly  base  ; 
Was  better  covcr'd  by  thy  new 

Arriv'd  detachment,  than  I  knew;'  j90 

To  slight  my  new  acquests,  and  run, 
Victoriously,  from  battles  won  ; 
And,  reck'ning  all  I  gain'd  or  lost, 
To  sell  them  cheaper  than  they  cost ; 
To  make  me  put  myself  to  flight,  195 

And,  conqu'ring,  run  awav  by  night ; 
To  drag  me  out,  which  tli'  haughty  foe 
Durst  never  have  pre8\im'd  to  do  ; 
To  mount  me  in  the  dark,  by  force. 
Upon  the  bare  ridge  of  my  liorse.  200 

Eipos'd  in  qucrpo'  to  their  rage, 
AVithout  my  arms  and  equipage ; 

'  Here  seems  a  defect  in  coherency  and  syntax.  The  Knight  means,  that 
it  was  dishonourable  in  him  to  quit  the  siege,  especially  when  reinforced  by 
the  arrival  of  the  Squire. 

'  Querpo  (from  the  Spanish  nurpo)  signifies  a  close  waistcoat,  or 
iacket,  without  the  customary  cloak.  liutlcr,  in  his  MS.  Common-plfioo 
Book,  says,  all  coata  of  anus  were  defensive,  and  worn  upon  shields  ;  thoui'h 
the  ancient  use  of  them  is  now  pvcn  over,  and  men  fifflit  in  que'rpn.  To 
fight  in  querpo  is  synonymous  to  our  old  Kn^'lish  phrase,  to  fight  in  buff.  See 
Junii  Etymolopficim.  f  he  term  is  found  in  several  of  our  early  dramatists, 
e.  z  '•  Boy,  my  cloak  and  rapier;  it  tit.n  not  a  gentleman  of  my  rank  to 
walk  the  streets  in  querpo."  Ikaumont  and  Fletcher,  Love's  Cure,  ii.  1. 
Your  Spanish  host  is  never  seen  in  ruerpo 
Without  his  paramcntos,  cloke,  and  sword. 

Ben  Jonson,  New  Inn,  II.  6. 
2  o 


402  nUDlBEAS.  TPABT    IK. 

Lest,  if  they  ventur'd  to  pursue, 

I  might  th'  imequal  fight  renew ; 

And,  to  preserve  thy  outward  man,  206 

Assum'd  my  place,  and  led  the  van. 

All  this,  quoth  Ealph,  I  did,  'tis  true, 
Not  to  preserve  myself,  but  you : 
Tou,  who  were  damn'd  to  baser  drubs 
Than  -wretches  feel  in  powd'riug  tubs,'  210 

To  mount  two-wheel'd  carroches,  worse 
Than  managing  a  wooden  horse  ;  "^ 
Dragg'd  out  thro'  straiter  holes  by  th'  ears, 
Eras'd,  or  coup'd  for  perjurers  ; ' 

Who,  tho'  th'  attempt  had  prov'd  in  vain,  215 

Had  had  no  reason  to  complain ; 
But,  since  it  prosper'd,  'tis  unhandsome 
To  blame  the  hand  that  paid  your  ransom, 
And  rescu'd  your  obnoxious  bones 
,   Prom  unavoidable  battoons.  220 

The  enemy  was  reinforc'd, 
And  we  disabled  and  unhors'd, 
Disarm'd,  unqualify'd  for  fight, 
And  no  way  left  but  hasty  flight, 
"Which,  tho'  as  desp'rate  in  th'  attempt,  225 

Has  giv'n  you  freedom  to  condemn't. 
But  were  our  bones  in  fit  condition 
To  reinforce  the  expedition, 
'Tis  now  unseasonable  and  vain, 

To  think  of  falling  on  again  :  230 

No  martial  project  to  surprise 
Can  ever  be  attempted  twice  ; 
Nor  cast  design  serve  afterwards. 
As  gamesters  tear  their  losing  cards. 

'  See  note  to  line  9S0  of  the  preceding  Canto,  page  366. 

'  Carroche  properly  signifies  a  coach,  from  the  Italian  carroccio  ;  but  in 
Burlesque  it  is  a  cart,  and  here  means  that  in  which  ci-iminals  were  earned  to 
execution.  At  that  time  a  coach  invariably  had  four  wheels,  and  a  chareite, 
which  preceded  it,  only  two.  Kiding  the  wooden-horse  was  a  punishment 
inflicted  on  soldiers. 

3  Erased,  in  Heraldry,  means  a  member  torn  or  separated  from  the 
body,  so  that  it  looks  jagged  like  the  teeth  of  a  saw ;  cniiped  signifies,  on 
the  contrary,  cut  off  clean  and  smooth.  The  Knight  had  incurred  the  guilt  of 
perjury. 


403 

236 


2i0 


CANTO    tlT.j  lirnTDTiAS. 

Beside,  our  bantjs  of  mau  and  beast 
Are  fit  for  notliinc;  but  to  rest. 
And  for  a  while  will  not  be  able 
To  rally,  and  prove  serWceable : 
And  therefore  I,  with  reason,  chose 
This  stratagem  t'  amuse  our  foes, 
To  make  an  hon'rable  retreat, 
And  wave  a  total  sure  defeat  ] 
For  those  that  Hy  mav  tit;ht  acjain, 
"Which  he  can  never  do  tliat's  "slain.' 

'  The  paraUel  to  these  lines  is  containod  in  ths  famous  couplet— 
"  He  thnt  fiffhts  and  runs  away, 
Jtay  live  to  fipjln  another  day," 
which  is  so  commonlv,  but  falsely,  attributed  to  Butler,  that  many  bets  hive 
neon  lost  upon  it.     The  sentiment  appears  to  be  as  old  as  Demosthenes,  who! 
be,ns  reproached  for  runn.nnr  away  tVom  Philip  of  ilacedon,  at  the  battle  o 
HKeronea,  repbed,   'A,.,)„J.  ^./,,.,„,  ,„;  ^,^X,l  f,„^;,„,ra,.    This  savi ".  o 
nemosthenes  is  mentioned  by  .leremv  Taylor,   who  says,  "In   other  c^,.e' 
It  IS  true  that  r)emnsthenes  said  in  apoloffy  for  his  o^yn■e,seapi^f^  fmm  a  'lost 
ThtZtrj'  ";"'""•' "''"y  nm,,  fight  again.'- -Great  Examples,  1619. 
1  he  same  idea  is  found  in  Scarron,  who  died  in  1660  : 

Qui  fuit,  peut  revenir  aussi ; 

Qui  meurt,  il  n'en  est  pas  ainsi. 
It  Ls  also  found  in  the  Satyre  Menippee,  published  in  1594  : 

Souvent  celuy  qui  demeure 

Est  cause  de'son  meschef ; 

Celuy  qui  fuit  de  bonne  lieure 

Peut  combattre  dereehef. 
Thus  rendered  in  an  English  version,  published  in  1595 : 

Oft  he  that  doth  abide 

Is  cause  of  his  own  pain  ; 

But  he  that  flieth  in  good  tide 

I'erhaps  may  fight  again. 
In  the  Utin  ^poMr^m,  compiled  bv  Erasmus,  and  translated  into  En"li.,h 
b>  .Nichohus  ldall,,n  1642.  occur  the  following  lines,  which  are  obvS 
a  metrical  version  of  the  saying  of  Demosthenes  :  "oviousiy 

That  same  man  that  renneth  awaie, 
Maie  again  fight,  an  other  daie. 

source  :'"■]••' '"■'/'"T"''  !,"  '"'^"  'r^'"""''  '^'•'"  P^"^"''  fr-""  "•«  ^«m6 
source  .    h  „„gl,o  rhe  s,  d.r,  ,ui  fu„„i  che  gui  mori,   Better  it  be  said 

derived  frn,"?h'-'  'n"  '■'■"  ■•"  •'''■''•v  "'"  ""^  f'""'"-  ^""P'"'  W.H  no  doubt 
lenved  from  the  following  lines,  whi.h  were  written  by  Sir  John  .Mennis 
u.u,n,uncUou  with  James  Smith,  in  the  Mu,aru„  Deiici<.,  a  colkctirot 

2  n  2 


404  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET   ITI. 

Hence  timely  running's  no  mean  part  245 

Of  conduct,  in  the  martial  art, 

By  ■which  some  glorious  feats  achieve, 

As  citizens  by  breaking  thrive, 

And  cannons  conquer  armies,  vihile 

They  seem  to  draw  off  and  recoil ;  250 

Is  held  the  gallant'st  course,  and  bravest,' 

To  great  exploits,  as  well  as  safest ; 

That  spares  th'  expense  of  time  and  pains, 

And  dang'rous  beating  out  of  brains  ; 

And,  in  the  end,  prevails  as  certain  266 

As  those  that  never  trust  to  fortune; 

But  make  their  fear  do  execution 

Beyond  the  stoutest  resolution  ; 

As  earthquakes  kill  -without  a  blow, 

And,  only  trembling,  overthrow.  360 

If  th'  ancients  crowoi'd  their  bravest  men 

That  only  sav'd  a  citizen,' 

What  victory  cou'd  e'er  be  won. 

If  ev'ry  one  would  save  but  one  ? 

Or  fight  endanger' d  to  be  lost,  285 

Where  all  resolve  to  save  the  most  ? 

By  this  means,  when  a  battle's  won, 

The  war's  as  far  from  being  done ; 

Tor  those  that  save  themselves  and  fly, 

Go  halves,  at  least,  i'  th'  victory ;  270 

And  sometime,  when  the  loss  is  small,* 

And  danger  great,  they  challenge  all ; 

miscellaneous  poems,  published  in  1656,  and  reprinted  inWif  s  Eecreations, 
2  vols.  12nio,  Lond.  1817: 

He  that  is  in  battle  slain, 

Can  never  rise  to  tight  again ; 

But  he  that  fights  and  runs  away, 

May  live  to  fight  another  day. 

•  Some  editions  read : 

'Tis  held  the  gallant'st 

2  This  was  the  corona  civica,  or  civic  crown,  which  was  granted  to  any 
soldier  who  had  saved  the  life  of  a  Roman  citizen  by  slaying  an  enemy. 
Though  formed  of  no  better  materials  than  oak  twigs,  it  was  esteemed  more 
honourable  than  any  other  decoration. 

'  The  early  editions  have  "  their  loss." 


CANTO    III.]  HUDIBHA8.  105 

Print  new  additions  to  their  feats, 

And  emendations  in  gazettes  ; ' 

And  when,  for  furious  haste  to  run,  275 

They  durst  not  stay  to  fire  a  fjnn, 

Have  done  't  with  honfires,  and  at  home 

Made  squibs  and  crackers  overcome ; 

To  set  the  rahble  on  a  flame, 

And  keep  their  governors  from  hlame,  28C 

Disperse  the  news  the  pulpit  tells,^ 

Confirm'd  witli  fireworks  and  with  bells: 

And  tho'  reduc'd  to  that  extreme, 

They  have  been  forc'd  to  sing  Te  Beum ; ' 

Tet,  with  religious  blasphemy,  285 

By  flatt'rinn;  heaven  wth  a  lie ; 

And,  for  their  beating,  giving  thanks, 

They  've  raised  recruits,  and  fill' d  their  banks  ;< 

'  The  frazcttes  did  not  come  into  vofrue  until  Charles  the  Second's  time. 
The  newspapers  dunng  tlie  civil  war  and  the  commonwealth  were  called 
Mercunes  and  Diumals. 

'  "In  their  sermons,"  says  Burnet,  " and  chiefly  in  their  prayers,  all 
that  passed  in  the  state  was  canvassed.  Men  were  as  good  as  named,  and 
either  recommended  or  complained  of  tn  God,  as  thoy  were  odious  or  accejit- 
able  to  them.  At  length  this  humour  grew  so  petulant,  that  the  pulpit  was 
a  scene  of  news  and  passion." 

'  This  was  the  customary  psalm  of  victory,  but  tho  Puritans  did  not  ap- 
prove of  it,  as  being  of  papistical  origin. 

'  It  has  been  an  ancient  and  verv  frequent  practice  for  the  vanquished 
party  in  war  to  boast  of  victory,  and  even  to  ordain  solemn  thanksgivings 
as  means  of  keeping  up  the  spirits  of  the  people.  The  Parliament  were  said 
often  to  have  had  recourse  to  this  artifice,  and  in  the  course  of  the  war  had 
thirty-five  thanksgiving  days.  In  the  first  notable  encounter,  at  "Wickfield 
near  Worcester,  September  23,  16-12,  their  forces  received  a  total  defeat 
AVliitelock  says,  they  were  all  killed  or  routed,  and  only  one  man  lost  on  the 
king's  side.  Yet  the  Parliamentarians  spread  about  printed  papers,  brag- 
ging of  it  as  a  complete  victory,  and  ordained  a  special  thanksgiving  in 
London.  This  they  did  after  the  battle  of  Kej-nton,  and  the  second  fight 
at  Xcwbun- ;  but  particularly  after  Sir  William  Waller  received  that  great 
defeat  at  Roundway-down,  when  they  kept  a  thanksgiving  at  Gloucester, 
and  made  rejoicings  for  a  signal  victory,  which  they  pretended  he  had  gained 
foj  Ihcm.  This  was  no  new  practice.  See  Folya;ni  Stratagem,  lib.  i.  cap. 
.35  and  44.— Stratocles  persuaded  the  Athenians  to  offer  a  sacrifice  to  the 
gods,  by  way  of  thanks,  on  account  of  their  having  defeated  their  enemies, 
although  he  knew  that  the  Athenian  fleet  had  been  defeated.  'W'Tien  the 
truth  was  known,  and  the  people  became  exasperated,  his  reply  was,  "  What 
injury  have  I  done  you  ?  it  is  owing  to  me  that  you  have  spent  three  davs  in 
joy."-  -Catherine  de  Medicij  used  to  say,  that  a  false  report,  if  believed  foi 


406  HUUIBEAS.  [PAET   ni. 

For  those  who  run  from  th'  enemy, 

Engage  them  equally  to  fly  ;  290 

And  when  the  fight  becomes  a  chase, 

Those  win  the  day  that  win  the  race ; ' 

And  that  which  would  not  pass  in  fights, 

Has  done  the  feat  with  easy  flights ; 

Recover'd  many  a  desp'rate  campaign  295 

AVith  Bourdeaux,  Burgundy,  and  Champaign ; 

Eestor'd  the  fainting  high  aud  mighty, 

With  brandy-wine,^  and  aqua-vitee  ; 

And  made  them  stoutly  overcome 

With  baerack,  hoccamore,  and  mum  ;'  300 

Whom  th'  uncontroll'd  decrees  of  fate 

To  victory  necessitate ; 

With  which,  altho'  they  run  or  burn,* 

They  unavoidably  return ; 

Or  else  their  sultau  populaces  305 

Still  strangle  all  their  routed  bassas.* 

three  days,  might  save  a  state.  Napoleon  understood  these  tactics  tho- 
roughly. See  mauy  stories  of  the  same  kind  in  the  "  General  Dictionary," 
vol.  X.  p.  337. 

1  An  old  philosopher,  at  a  drinking  match,  insisted  that  he  had  won  the 
prize  because  he  was  first  drunk, 

2  In  Germany  it  is  still  called  Bratintwein.  Aqua  vitts  was  formerly 
used  in  this  country  as  a  medicine  only. 

5  The  first  is  an  excellent  kind  of  Rhenish  wine,  called  Bacharach,  fi'om 
a  town  of  that  name  in  the  lower  Palatinate,  said  to  be  derived  from  Bacchi 
ara,  the  altar  of  Bacchus.  Hoccamore  means  Hochheimer^  the  llhenish 
wine  which  first  became  familiarly  known  in  this  country,  whence  all  the 
others  obtained,  though  improperly,  the  name  of  Hock.  Mum  is  a  rich,  strong 
beer,  made  in  Brunswick,  and  called  Braunschtoeiger  Miimme.  It  had  great 
reputation  everywhere,  and  is  said  to  have  been  introduced  into  this  country 
by  General  Monk.  The  invention  of  it  is  attributed  by  some  to  Christopher 
Mumme,  in  1489,  but  it  seems  not  unlikely  to  have  derived  its  name  from 
its  being  a  delicious  beer  used  on  feast-days  and  holidays,  or  Mummen,  the 
old  German  word  for  revels,  whence  our  term  mummeries.  A  receipt  for 
making  it  is  preserved  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany,  vol.  i.  p.  62-t.  This  signi- 
fication of  Mum  seems  to  have  nothing  in  common  with  that  indicating  si- 
lence, explained  in  a  previous  note. 

*  That  is,  though  they  run  away,  or  their  ships  are  fired.  See  v.  308. 
This  may  refer  to  the  repulse  of  Popham  at  Kinsale,  which  he  had  expected 
to  take  by  bribing  the  royalist  commander,  who  having  received  the  bribe, 
nevertheless  resisted,  and  with  success,  the  attack  of  the  Parliaracut's  fleet 
and  army. 

5  The  mob,  like  the  sultan  or  grand  seignior,  seldom  fail  to  strangle  any 
of  theii'  commanders,  called  Bassas,  if  they  prove  msuccessful ;  thus  Wallei 


CAKTO  III.]  TirniT)T?A8.  407 

Quoth  Hudibras,  I  undorstand 
"What  fights  thou  mcan'st  at  sea  and  land, 
And  who  those  wero  that  run  away, 
And  vet  gave  out  tl«ev  'd  won  the  day :  310 

Altho'  the  rabble  sous'd  them  for  't, 
O'er  head  and  ears,  in  mud  and  dirt. 
'Tis  true  our  modern  way  of  war 
Is  grown  more  politic  by  far.' 

But  not  so  resolute  and  bold,  315 

Nor  lied  to  honour,  as  the  old. 
For  now  they  laugh  at  giving  battle, 
Unless  it  be  to  herds  of  cattle  ; 
Or  fighting  convoys  of  provision, 

The  whole  design  o'  th'  expedition,  320 

And  not  with  downright  blows  to  rout 
The  enemy,  but  eat  them  out : 
As  fighting,  in  all  beasts  of  prey, 
And  eating,  are  perform'd  one  way. 
To  give  defiance  to  their  teeth,  32.i 

And  fight  theii'  stubborn  guts  '  to  death  ; 

was  neglected  after  the  battle  of  Roundway-down,  called  by  the  wits  Run- 
away-di>wii. 

'  Butler's  unpublished  Common-place  Book  has  the  foUowing  lines  on 
"  The  modem  way  of  war." 

For  fi^htinp;  now  is  out  of  mode. 
And  stratajjom's  the  onlv  road ; 
Unless  in  th'  out-of-fa.shion  wars. 
Of  barb'rous  Turks  and  Pnlanders. 
All  fcat.s  of  arms  are  now  reduc'd 
To  cboiising:,  or  to  bcinir  ohons'd; 
They  fight  not  now  to  overthrow, 
But  gull,  or  circumvent  a  foe. 
And  watch  all  small  advantages 
As  if  they  fought  a  game  at  chess ; 
And  bo's  approv'd  the  most  deserving 
"Who  longest  ran  hold  o!it  at  starnng. 
VTlio  makrs  best  fricasocs  of  cats, 

Of  frojs  and ,  and  mice  and  rats ; 

I'dttage  of  vermin,  and  ragoos 
Of  trunks  and  boxes,  and  old  shoes. 
And  those  who,  like  th'  immort.al  gods. 
Do  never  eat,  have  still  the  odds. 

*  Later  iditions  re.ad,  the  others'  stomiichs. 


^lt>8  niTDIBEAS.  [I'AET    III, 

And  those  achieve  the  high'at  renown. 

That  bring  the  other  stomachs  down. 

There's  now  no  fear  of  wounds  nor  maiming, 

All  dangers  are  reduc'd  to  famine,  330 

And  feats  of  arms  to  plot,  design, 

Surprise,  and  stratagem,  and  mine  ; 

But  have  no  need  nor  use  of  courage. 

Unless  it  be  for  glory,  'r  forage  : 

For  if  they  fight  'tis  but  by  chance,  335 

When  one  side  venfring  to  advance, 

And  come  uncivilly  too  near, 

Are  charg'd  unmercifully  i'  th'  rear. 

And  forc'd,  with  terrible  resistance. 

To  keep  hereafter  at  a  distance,  340 

To  pick  out  ground  t'  encamp  upon, 

"Where  store  of  largest  rivers  run, 

That  serve,  instead  of  peaceful  barriers, 

To  part  th'  engagements  of  their  warriors  ; 

Where  both  from  side  to  side  may  skip,  345 

And  only  encounter  at  bo-peep  : 

For  men  are  found  tlie  stouter-hearted, 

The  certainer  they  're  to  be  parted. 

And  therefore  post  themselves  in  bogs, 

As  th'  ancient  mice  attack'd  the  frogs,'  350 

And  made  their  mortal  enemy, 

The  water-rat,  their  great  ally .2 

For  'tis  not  now,  who's  stout  and  bold  ? 

But,  who  bears  hunger  best,  and  cold  ?  * 

And  he's  approv'd  tlie  moat  deserving,  355 

Who  longest  can  hold  out  at  starving ; 

But  he  that  routs  most  pigs  and  cows. 

The  formidablest  man  of  prow'ss.* 

'  Alluding  to  Homer's  Batrachomyomacliia,  or  Battle  of  the  Fro"s  and 
Mice. 

2  Meaning  the  Dutch,  who  were  allies  of  the  Parliamentarians. 
"  An  ordinance  was  passed  March  26,  1644,  for  the  contribution  of  one 
meal  a  week  toward  the  charge  of  the  army. 

*  A  sneer,  perhaps,  on  Venahles  and  Pen,  who  were  unfortnnate  in  their 
expedition  against  the  Spaniards  at  St  Domingo,  in  the  year  16.5.5.  It  i.s 
observed  of  them,  that  they  exercised  their  valour  only  on'horses,  asses,  an  i 
such  like,  making  a  slaughter  of  aU  they  met,  greedily  devouring  akins,  en- 


CAWTO   in.]  HruiBBAS.  409 

So  th'  emperor  Caliijula, 

Tliat  triumpird  o'er  the  British  sea,'  360 

Took  crabs  an<l  oysters  prisoners, 

And  lobsters,  'stead  of  cuirassiers,* 

Eiigag'd  his  legions  in  fierce  bustles 

With  periwinkles,  prawns,  and  muscles, 

And  led  his  troops  with  furious  gallops,  365 

To  charge  whole  regiments  of  scallops  ; 

Not  like  their  ancient  way  of  war. 

To  wait  on  his  triumphal  car ; 

But  when  he  went  to  dine  or  sup, 

More  bravely  ate  his  captives  up,  370 

And  left  all  war,  by  his  example, 

Eeduc'd  to  vict'ling  of  a  camp  well. 

Quoth  Ealph,  By  all  that  you  have  said. 
And  twice  as  much  that  I  cou'd  add, 
'Tis  plain  you  cannot  now  do  worse  375 

Than  take  this  out-of-fashion'd  course  ; 
To  bope,  by  stratagem,  to  woo  her ; 
Or  waging  battle  to  subdue  her ; 
Tho'  some  have  done  it  in  romances. 
And  bang'd  them  into  am'rous  fancies  ;  380 

As  those  who  won  the  Amazons, 
By  wanton  drubbing  of  their  bones  ; 
And  stout  Einaldo  gain'd  his  bride  * 
By  courting  of  her  back  and  side. 

trails,  and  all,  to  satiate  their  hunger.  See  Harleian  Miscellany,  vol.  iii, 
No.  xii.  p.  494,  498. 

'  Caligula,  baring  ranged  his  array  on  the  sea-shore,  and  disposed  his  in- 
struments of  war  in  the  order  of  battle,  on  a  sudden  ordered  his  men  to  ga- 
ther up  the  shells  on  the  strand,  and  fill  their  helmets  and  bosoms  with  them, 
calling  them  the  spoils  of  the  ocean,  as  if  by  that  proceeding  he  had  made 
a  tonq\iest  of  the  British  sea.     Suetonius,  Life  of  Caligula. 

'  Sir  Arthur  Hazelrigh.ad  a  regiment  nicknamed  his  lobsters;  and  it  has 
been  thought  by  some,  that  the  defeat  at  Roundway-dowii  was  owing  to  the 
Ul-bcbaviour  ot  this  regiment.  Cleveland,  fn  bis  cliaracter  of  a  London 
diurnal,  says  of  it :  "  This  is  the  'William  which  is  the  city's  champion,  and 
the  diumaVs  delight.  Yet,  in  all  this  triumph,  translate  the  scene  but  at 
Roundway-down,  Hazelrig's  lobstcis  were  turned  into  crabs,  and  crawled 
backwards." 

'  Rinaldo  is  hero  of  the  last  book  of  Tasso ;  but  he  did  not  win  his  Ar- 
mida  thus;  perhaps  the  poet,  quoting  by  memory,  intended  to  mention 
Rnggiero  Ji  Ariosto.     Sec  also  Midsummer  Night's  Dream. 


410  HtTDlBRA8.  [part    III. 

But  since  those  times  and  feats  are  over,  385 

They  are  not  for  a  modern  lover, 

When  mistresses  are  too  cross-grain' d, 

By  such  addresses  to  be  gain'd; 

And  if  they  were,  would  have  it  out 

With  many  another  kind  of  bout.  390 

Therefore  I  hold  no  course  s'  iufeasible. 

As  this  of  force,  to  win  the  Jezebel, 

To  storm  her  heart  by  th'  antic  charms 

Of  ladies  errant,  force  of  arms  ; 

But  rather  strive  by  law  to  win  her,  395 

And  try  the  title  you  have  in  her. 

Tour  case  is  clear,  you  have  her  word, 

And  me  to  witness  the  accord ; ' 

Besides  two  more  of  her  retinue 

To  testify  what  pass'd  between  you ;  400 

More  probable,  and  like  to  hold. 

Than  hand,  or  seal,  or  breaking  gold,^ 

For  which  so  many  that  renounc'd 

Their  plighted  contracts  have  been  trounc'd, 

And  bills  upon  record  been  found,  406 

That  forc'd  the  ladies  to  compound; 

And  that,  unless  I  miss  the  matter, 

Is  all  the  bus'uess  you  look  after. 

Besides,  encounters  at  the  bar 

Are  braver  now  than  those  in  war,  410 

In  which  the  law  does  eseeution 

With  less  disorder  and  confusion ; 

Has  more  of  honour  in  't,  some  hold, 

Not  like  the  new  way,  but  the  0^,=* 

When  those  the  pen  had  drawn  together,  416 

Decided  quarrels  with  the  feather. 

And  winged  arrows  kill'd  as  dead. 

And  more  than  bullets  now  of  lead : 

So  all  their  combats  now,  as  then, 

Are  manag'd  chiefly  by  the  pen;  420 

>  Ealpho,  no  doubt,  was  ready  to  witness  .inything;  that  would  serve  liia 
turn  ;  and  hoped  the  widow's  two  attendants  would  do  the  same. 

■'  The  breakiiiff  of  a  piece  of  gold  between  lovers  was  formerly  much 
practised,  and  looked  upon  as  a  firm  marriage  contract. 
.    3  Ralpho  persuades  the  Knight  to  gain  the  widow,  at  least  her  fortune, 
not  by  the  use  of  fire-arms,  but  by  the  feathered  quill  of  the  lawyer. 


CANTO   III.]  HUDTBBAS.  411 

That  does  the  feat,  ^rith  braver  vigours, 

In  words  at  lenijth,  as  well  as  figures ; 

Is  judge  of  all  the  world  performs 

In  voluntary  feats  of  arms, 

And  whatsoe'er  's  achiev'd  in  fight,  425 

Determines  which  is  wrong  or  right; 

For  whether  you  prevail,  or  lose. 

All  must  be  try'd  there  in  the  close  ; 

And  therefore  'tis  not  wise  to  shun 

What  you  unist  trust  to  ere  ye  've  done.  130 

The  law  that  settles  all  you  do. 

And  marries  where  you  did  but  woo ; 

That  makes  tl\e  most  perfidious  lover, 

A  lady,  that's  as  false,  recover ; ' 

And  if  it  judge  upon  your  side,  435 

AV^ill  soon  extend  her  for  your  bride,* 

And  put  her  person,  goods,  or  lands. 

Or  which  j'ou  like  best,  into  your  hands. 

For  law's  the  wisdom  of  all  ages. 

And  manag'd  by  the  ablest  sages,  no 

Who,  tho'  their  bus'uess  at  the  bar 

Be  but  a  kind  of  civil  war, 

In  which  th'  engage  with  fiercer  dungeons 

Than  e'er  the  (Jrecians  did,  and  Trojans; 

They  never  manage  the  contest  115 

T'  impair  their  public  interest. 

Or  by  their  controversies  lessen 

The  dignity  of  tiieir  profession  ; 

Not  like  us  brethren,  who  divide 

Our  commonwealth,  the  Cause,  and  side  ; '  1.30 

And  tho'  we  're  all  as  near  of  kindred 

As  th'  outward  man  is  to  the  inward, 

We  agree  in  notiiing,  but  to  wrangle 

About  the  slightest  fingle-fangle, 

'  That  is,  the  I.iw  will  recover  a  lady  though  she  be  as  false  as  the  most 
perfidious  lover. 

'  Jfenninp  to  levy  an  extent  upon  the  lady :  seize  her  for  your  use  in  sa- 
iLsfaction  of  the  debt. 

'  Take  part  on  one  side  or  the  other.  'WTiercas  we  who  have  a  common 
interest,  a  common  cause,  a  common  party  apainst  the  llnyalisti  and  Episco- 
jKilians,  weaken  our  strength  by  internal  diviaiom  union^  ourselves 


112  HTJDIBEAS.  [PABT   III. 

While  lawyers  have  more  sober  sense,  436 

Than  t'  argue  at  their  own  expense,' 

But  make  their  best  advantages 

Of  others'  quarrels,  like  the  Swiss  ;  ^ 

And  out  of  foreign  controversies, 

By  aiding  both  sides,  fill  their  purses  ;  460 

But  have  no  int'rest  in  the  Cause 

Por  which  th'  engage  and  wage  the  laws. 

Nor  further  prospect  than  their  pay, 

Whether  they  lose  or  win  the  day. 

And  tho'  th'  abounded  in  all  ages,  465 

With  sundry  learned  clerks  and  sages ; 

The'  all  their  bus'ness  be  dispute, 

With  which  they  canvass  ev'ry  suit, 

They  've  no  disputes  about  their  art, 

Nor  in  polemics  controvert ;  470 

While  all  professions  else  are  found 

With  nothing  but  disputes  t'  abound : 

Divines  of  all  sorts,  and  physicians, 

Philosophers,  mathematicians ; 

The  G-alenist,  and  Paracelsian,  475 

Condemn  the  way  each  other  deals  iu  ; ' 

Anatomists  dissect  and  mangle, 

To  cut  themselves  out  work  to  wrangle ; 

Astrologers  dispute  their  dreams, 

That  in  their  sleeps  they  talk  of  schemes ;  480 

And  heralds  stickle,  who  got  who, 

So  many  hundred  years  ago. 

But  lawryers  are  too  wise  a  nation 
T'  expose  their  trade  to  disputation, 
Or  make  the  busy  rabble  judges  485 

Of  all  their  secret  piques  and  grudges ; 

'  The  wisdom  of  lawyers  is  such,  that  however  they  may  seem  to  quar- 
rel at  the  har,  they  are  good  friends  the  moment  they  leave  the  court.  Un- 
like us,  Independents  and  Presbyterians,  who,  thou^jh  our  opinions  are  very 
similar,  are  always  wrangling  about  the  merest  triHes. 

'  The  Swiss  mercenaries,  as  they  are  commonly  called,  if  well  paid, 
will  enter  into  the  service  of  any  foreign  power :  but,  according  to  the  ad- 
age, ^^ point  d'argent^  pomt  de  Suisse." 

•>  The  followers  of  Galen  advocated  the  use  of  herbs  and  roots ;  the  dis- 
ciples of  Paracelsus  recommended  mineral  preparations,  especially  mercuiy. 


CAKTO    III.]  HUDIBHAS.  413 

111  which,  whoever  wins  the  day, 

The  whole  profession's  sure  to  pay.' 

Beside,  no  mountebanks,  nor  cheats, 

Dare  undertake  to  do  their  feats,  490 

When  in  all  other  sciences 

They  swarm  like  insects,  and  increase. 

For  what  bisjot  ^  durst  ever  draw, 

By  Inward  Light,  a  deed  in  law  ? 

Or  could  hold  forth  by  Revelation,  495 

An  answer  to  a  declaration  ? 

For  those  that  meddle  with  their  tool?, 

Will  cut  their  fingers,  if  they  're  fools : 

And  if  you  follow  their  advice. 

In  bills,  and  answers,  and  replies,  600 

They'll  write  a  love-letter  in  chancery. 

Shall  bring  her  upon  oath  to  answer  ye. 

And  soon  reduce  her  t'  be  your  wife. 

Or  make  her  weary  of  her  life. 

The  Knight,  who  us'd  with  tricks  and  shifts       606 
To  edify  by  Ealpho's  gifts, 
But  in  appearance  cried  him  down,' 
To  make  them  better  seem  his  own, 
All  plagiaries'  constant  course 

Of  sinking  when  they  take  a  purse,*  610 

Eesolv'd  to  follow  his  advice. 
But  kept  it  from  him  by  disguise; 
And,  after  stubborn  contradiction, 
To  counterfeit  his  own  conviction, 
And,  by  transition,  fall  upon  616 

The  resolution  as  his  own. 

Quoth  he,  Tiiis  gambol  thou  advisest 
Is,  of  all  others,  the  unwisest ; 
For,  if  I  think  by  law  to  gain  her, 
There's  nothing  sillier  nor  vainer,  620 

'  When  lawyers  quarrel,  tliey  do  not  suffer  the  puHic  to  know  it ;  for, 
whichever  di^putint  mij;ht  pain  the  advantage,  the  whole  profession  would 
suffer  by  the  exposures  made  in  the  brawl. 

'  The  accent  is  here  laid  on  the  last  syllable  of  bigot. 

'   far.  cried  them  down  in  1700  and  subsequent  editions. 

♦  >[eaning  that  the  plagiary  conceals  his  robbery  with  the  dexterity  of  a 
pickpocket. 


*1*  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET    ITI. 

Tis  but  to  hazard  my  pretence, 

"Where  nothing's  certain  but  th'  expense ; 

To  act  against  myself,  and  traverse 

My  suit  and  title  to  her  favours ; 

And  if  she  should,  which  heav'u  forbid,  625 

O'erthrow  me,  as  the  fiddler  did, 

"What  after-course  have  1  to  take, 

'Gainst  losing  all  I  have  to  stake  ? 

He  that  with  injury  is  griev'd. 

And  goes  to  law  to  be  reliev'd,  530 

Is  sillier  than  a  sottish  chouse, 

Who,  when  a  thief  has  robb'd  his  house, 

Applies  himself  to  cunning  men. 

To  help  him  to  his  goods  agen  ; ' 

"When  all  he  can  expect  to  gain,  536 

Is  but  to  squander  more  in  vain: 

And  yet  I  have  no  other  way, 

But  is  as  diiEcult  to  play : 

Tor  to  reduce  her  by  main  force 

Is  now  in  vain  ;  by  fair  means,  worse ;  S40 

But  worst  of  all  to  give  her  over, 

'Till  she's  as  desp'rate  to  recover : 

Por  bad  games  are  thrown  up  too  soon, 

ITntil  they  're  never  to  be  won ; 

But  since  I  have  no  other  course,  545 

But  is  as  bad  t'  attempt,  or  worse, 

He  that  complies  against  his  will, 

Is  of  his  own  opinion  still, 

'  In  Butler's  MS.  under  these  lines  are  many  severe  strictures  on  law- 
yers: 

More  nice  and  subtle  than  those  wire-drawers 
Of  equity  and  justice,  common  lawyers ; 
Who  never  end,  but  always  prune  a  suit 
To  make  it  bear  the  greater  store  of  fruit. 

As  labouring  men  their  hands,  criers  their  lungs. 
Porters  their  backs,  hiwyers  hire  out  their  tongues. 
A  tongue  to  raire  and  gain  accustom'd  long, 
Grows  quite  insensible  to  right  or  wrong. 

The  humourist  that  would  have  had  a  trial, 
With  one  that  did  but  look  upon  his  dial, 
And  sued  him  but  for  telling  of  his  clock, 
And  saying,  'twas  too  fast,  or  slow  it  struck. 


CANTO   III.]  HITBTBHAS.  415 

"WTiich  he  may  'dliere  to,  yet  disown, 

For  reasons  to  himself  best  kuowu ;  550 

But  'tis  not  to  b'  avoided  now, 

For  Sidrophel  resolves  to  sue  ; 

"Whom  I  must  answer,  or  begin, 

Inevitably,  first  with  him  ; 

For  I've  receiv'd  advertisement,  555 

By  times  enoufjh,  of  his  intent ; 

And  knowing  he  that  first  eomplains 

Th'  advantage  of  the  bus'ness  gains  ; 

For  courts  of  justice  understand 

The  plaintirt'  to  be  eldest  hand ;  560 

AVho  what  he  pleases  may  aver. 

The  other,  nothing  till  he  swear  ; ' 

Is  freely  admitted  to  all  grace, 

And  lawful  favour,  by  his  place ; 

And,  for  his  bringing  custom  in,  565 

Has  all  advantages  to  win  : 

I,  who  resolve  to  oversee 

No  lucky  opportunity, 

Will  go  to  counsel,  to  advise 

Wliich  way  t'  encounter,  or  surprise,  570 

And  after  long  consideration, 

Have  found  out  one  to  fit  tli'  occasion. 

Most  apt  for  what  I  have  to  do, 

As  counsellor,  and  justice  too.' 

And  truly  so,  no  doubt,  he  was,  678 

A  lawyer  fit  for  such  a  case. 
An  old  dull  sot,  who  told  the  clock,' 
For  many  years  at  Bridewell-dock, 
At  Westminster,  and  Hicks's-hall, 
And  hiccius  docfiut  *  play'd  in  all ;  580 

'  An  an.swer  to  a  bill  in  chancery  is  always  upon  oath  ; — a  petition  not  so. 

'  Proliahly  the  poet  h.id  his  cyi'  on  sonic  particular  person  here.  The  old 
annotator  says  it  was  Edmund  Pridcaux  ;  but  the  respectable  and  wealthy 
Attorney-General  of  that  name  cannot  liavc  been  meant.  The  portrait 
must  have  been  takrn  from  some  one  of  a  much  Ir.wer  class.  A  pettifogging 
lawyer  named  Siderlin  is  said  with  more  probabilitv  to  have  been  intended. 

'  The  puisne  judpc  wa-s  formerly  called  the  Tell-elock ;  as  supposed  to 
be  not  much  employed,  but  lisltninj,'  how  the  time  went. 

•  Cant  words  used  by  jugglers,  corrupted  perhaps  from  hie  eal  inter 
lioctiU.     See  note  on  hxut  pocu»,  at  line  716. 


il6  fllJDIBEAS.  [PABT   III. 

W  here,  in  all  governments  and  times, 

He  'd  been  both  friend  and  foe  to  crimes, 

And  us'd  two  equal  ways  of  gaining, 

By  hind'ring  justice,  or  maintaining,' 

To  many  a  whore  gave  privilege,  685 

And  whipp'd,  for  want  of  quarterage ; 

Cart-loads  of  bawds  to  prison  sent, 

For  b'ing  behind  a  fortnight's  rent ; 

And  many  a  trusty  pimp  and  crony 

To  Puddle-dock,^  for  want  of  money  :  590 

Engag'd  the  constables  to  seize 

All  those  that  wou'd  not  break  the  peace ; 

Nor  give  him  back  his  own  foul  words, 

Though  sometimes  commoners,  or  lords. 

And  kept  'em  prisoners  of  course,  595 

For  being  sober  at  ill  hours ; 

That  in  the  morning  he  might  free 

Or  bind  'em  over  for  his  fee. 

Made  monsters  fine,  and  puppet-plays, 

For  leave  to  practise  in  their  ways  ;  600 

Farm'd  out  all  cheats,  and  went  a  share 

"With  th'  headborough  and  scavenger ; 

And  made  the  dirt  i'  th'  streets  compound, 

For  taking  up  the  public  ground  ;  ^ 

The  kennel,  and  the  king's  high-way,  605 

For  being  unmolested,  pay  ; 

Let  out  the  stocks  and  whipping-post. 

And  cage,  to  those  that  gave  him  most ; 

Impos'd  a  tax  on  bakers'  ears,* 

And  for  false  weights  on  chandelers  ;  610 

Made  victuallers  and  vintners  fine 

For  arbitrary  ale  and  wine.^ 

'  Butler  served  some  years  as  clerk  to  a  justice.  The  person  who  em- 
ployed him  was  an  able  magistrate,  and  respectable  character :  but  in  that 
situation  he  might  have  had  an  opportunity  of  making  himself  acquainted 
with  the  practice  of  trading  justices. 

2  There  was  a  gaol  at  this  place  for  petty  offenders. 

'  Did  not  levy  the  penalty  for  a  nuisance,  but  compounded  with  the  of' 
fender  by  accepting  a  bribe. 

*  That  is,  took  a  bribe  to  save  them  from  the  pillory.  Bakers  were  liable 
to  have  their  ears  cropped  for  light  weights. 

'  For  selling  ale  or  wine  without  licence,  or  by  less  than  the  statutable 


CiNTO    IIT.J  HUDIBEA8.  417 

But  was  a  kind  and  constant  friend 

To  all  that  regularly  offend: 

Aa  residentiary  bawds,  615 

And  brokers  that  receive  stol'u  goods  ;■ 

That  cheat  in  lawful  mysteries, 

And  pay  church-duties,  and  his  fees; 

But  was  implacable  and  awkward. 

To  all  that  interlop'd  and  liawker'd.'  620 

To  this  brave  man  the  Knight  repairs 
For  counsel  in  his  law  affairs, 
And  found  him  mounted  in  his  pew, 
With  books  and  money  plac'd  for  show, 
Like  nest-eggs  to  make  clients  lay,  625 

And  for  his  false  opinion  pay  : 
To  whom  the  Knight,  with  comely  grace, 
Put  off  his  hat  to  put  his  case  ; 
"Which  he  as  proudly  entertain'd, 
As  th'  other  courteously  strain'd  ;  630 

And,  to  assure  him  'twas  not  that 
He  look'd  for,  bid  him  put  on's  hat. 

Quoth  he,  There  is  one  Sidrophel 
Whom  I  have  cudgell'd — Very  well — 
And  now  he  brags  to  '\e  beaten  me —  635 

Better  and  better  still,  quoth  he — 
And  vows  to  stick  me  to  the  wall. 
AVTiere'er  he  meets  me — Best  of  all. 
'Tis  true  the  knave  has  taken  's  oath 
That  I  robb'd  him — Well  done,  in  troth.  640 

measure,  or  spurious  mixtures.  So  Butler  says  of  his  Justice,  Remains,  vol. 
ii.  p.  191.  "  He  does  his  oountry  sifrnal  service  in  the  judicious  and  mature 
le;ptimation  of  tip|)lin!;-houses ;  that  the  subject  be  nut  imposed  upon  with 
illegal  and  arbitrary  ale." 

'  That  is,  he  was  very  severe  to  hawkers  and  inteilopcrs,  who  interfered 
with  the  rcfidar  trade  of  roguery,  hut  favoured  tlie  ntfencos  of  those  who 
kept  liouses,  took  out  licences,  and  paid  rates  and  taxes.  The  passage  is 
thus  amplified  in  prose,  in  Butler's  Character  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace. 
"  He  uses  great  care  and  moderation  in  punishing  those  that  ntfund  regularly 
by  their  calling,  as  residentiary  bawds,  and  incumbent  pimps,  that  pay 
parish  duties,  shopkeepers  that  use  constant  false  weights  and  measures, 
these  be  rather  prunes,  that  they  may  grow  the  better,  than  disables  ;  but 
is  very  severe  to  hawkers  and  interlopers,  that  comniit  iniquity  on  th* 
oye."  ' 

3  B 


418  HrDIBBAS.  [PAET   III 

When  he  's  conltss'd  he  stole  my  cloak, 

And  pick'd  my  fob,  and  what  he  took  ; 

Which  waa  the  cause  that  made  me  hang  him, 

And  take  my  goods  again — Marry'  hang  him. 

Now,  whether  I  should  beforehand  646 

Swear  he  robb'd  me  ? — I  understand. 

Or  bring  my  action  of  conversion 

And  trover  for  my  goods  ?  ^ — Ah,  whoreson  ! 

Or,  if  'tis  better  to  indite. 

And  bring  him  to  his  trial  ? — Eight.  650 

Prevent  what  he  designs  to  do. 

And  svfear  for  th'  state  against  him  ?  ^ — True. 

Or  whether  he  that  is  defendant, 

In  this  case,  has  the  better  end  on't ; 

Who,  putting  in  a  new  cross-biU,  656 

May  traverse  th'  action  ? — Better  still. 

Then  there's  a  lady  too — Aye,  marry. 

That's  easily  prov'd  accessary  ; 

A  widow,  who  by  solemn  vows. 

Contracted  to  me  for  my  spouse,  660 

Combin'd  with  him  to  break  her  word, 

And  has  abetted  all — Good  Lord ! 

Suborn' d  th'  aforesaid  Sidrophel 

To  tamper  witli  the  dev'l  of  hell. 

Who  put  m'  into  a  horrid  fear,  666 

Fear  of  my  life — Make  that  appear. 

Made  an  assault  with  fiends  and  men 

Upon  my  body — Good  agen. 

And  kept  me  in  a  deadly  fright, 

And  false  imprisonment,  all  night.  670 

Meanwhile  they  robb'd  me,  and  my  horse. 

And  stole  my  saddle — Worse  and  worse. 

And  made  me  mount  upon  the  bare  ridge, 

T'  avoid  a  wretcheder  miscarriage. 

'  The  second  syllable  must  be  slurred  in  reading.    For  a  note  on  Marry- 
come-up  see  page  93. 

2  An  action  of  trover  is  an  action  brougbt  for  recovery  of  goods  wrong- 
fully detained. 

'  Swear  that  a  crime  was  committed  by  him  against  the  public  peace,  or 
peace  of  the  state. 


CANTO    III.]  HUDIBBAB.  419 

Sir,  quoth  the  Lawyer,  not  to  flatter  ye,  e75 

You  have  as  good  and  i'air  a  battery  ' 

As  heart  can  wish,  and  need  not  sliame 

The  proudest  man  alive  to  claim  : 

For  it'  they  've  us'd  you  as  you  say, 

]Marry.  quoth  I,  God  give  you  joy';  080 

I  wou'd  it  were  my  case,  I'd  give 

iMore  than  I'll  say",  or  you'll  believe  : 

I  wou'd  so  trounce  her",  and  her  purse, 

I'd  make  her  kueel  for  better  or  worse ; 

For  matrimony,  and  hanging  here, 

Both  go  by  destiny  so  clear^^ 

That  you  as  sure  may  pick  and  choose, 

As  cross  I  win,  and  pile  you  lose  ;» 

And  it'  I  durst,  I  wou'd  advance 

As  much  in  ready  maintenance,* 

As  upon  any  case  I've  known  ; 

But  we  that  practise  dare  not  own : 

The  law  severely  contrabands 

Our  taking  bus'ness  off  men's  hands  ; 

'Tis  common  barratry,'  that  bears 

Point-blank  an  action  'gainst  our  ears 

And  crops  them  till  there  is  not  leather, 

To  stick  a  pen  in  left  of  eitiier ; 

For  which  some  do  the  summer-sauir. 

And  o'er  the  bar,  Like  tumblers,  vault :  «  yoo 

«=d  SSr^^Z^U'T^  '"  '''•'''''  ^^  ^^--'^'  ^^'  "•  -•  >- 

2  This  proverbial  saj-ing  has  already  been  quoted  at  pa^e  166  We  will 
only  add  here  th,-.t  ,t  is  quoted  by  several  of  L  old  poets!  as  also  by  Shik 
speare,  MercH.  of  fen.  Act  ii.  se.  9,  and  Ben  Jonsonf Sar)^lFlirjAott. 

'  Meaning  a  mere  toss  up,  see  page  292. 

♦  Maintenance  is  the  unlawful  upholding  of  a  cause  or  person. 

or  dfeX^  ^  ""  ""'""'''^  ''^"^  "P  "^'""^  °'  l"''"^'^'  "'^'"  ^  court 

•  Summer-sault  (or  somerset),  throwing  heels  over  head,  a  feat  of  aetivitv 
performed  by  tumblers.  -When  a  lawye"r  has  been  puii  y  of  miscondueZ 
.ml  ,s  not  allowed  to  practise  in  the  courts,  he  is  said  to  be^thrown  oTer  Ihe 

2  E  2 


G8fi 


690 


69fi 


420  HUDIBEAS.  [PAET    III, 

But  yovi  may  swear  at  any  rate, 

Things  not  in  nature,  for  the  state ; 

Por  in  all  courts  of  justice  here 

A  witness  is  not  said  to  swear. 

But  make  oath,  that  is,  in  plain  terms,  705 

To  forge  whatever  he  affirms. 

I  thauk  you,  quoth  the  Knight,  for  that, 
Because  'tis  to  my  purpose  pat — 
For  Justice,  tho'  she's  painted  blind, 
Is  to  the  weaker  side  iuclin'd,  71U 

Like  charity  ;  else  right  and  wrong 
Cou'd  never  hold  it  out  so  long, 
Ajid,  like  blind  fortune,  with  a  sleight. 
Conveys  men's  interest  and  right, 
From  Stiles's  pocket  into  Nokes's,'  715 

As  easily  as  hocus  pocus  ;'^ 
Plays  fast  and  loose,  makes  men  obnoxious ; 
And  clear  again,  like  hiccius  doctius. 
Then  whether  you  would  take  her  life, 
Or  but  recover  her  for  your  wife,  720 

Or  be  content  with  what  she  has, 
And  let  all  other  matters  pass. 
The  bus'uess  to  the  law's  alone,' 
The  proof  is  all  it  looks  upon  ; 

And  you  can  want  no  witnesses,  725 

To  swear  to  any  thing  you  please,* 
That  hardly  get  their  mere  expenses 
By  th'  labour  of  their  consciences, 

>  Fictitious  names,  sometimes  used  in  stating  cases,  issuing  writs,  &c. 

•  In  all  probability  a  corruption  of  hoc  est  corpus,  by  way  of  ridiculous 
mitation  of  the  priests  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  in  their  trick  of  transubstan- 
tiation.— TiLLOTSoN.  But  Nares  thinks  that  the  origin  of  the  term  may 
be  derived  from  the  Italian  jugglers,  who  called  that  craft  Ochiis  Bochiit, 
after  a  magician  of  that  name.  Hocus,  to  cheat,  comes  from  this  phrase ; 
and  Malone  suggests  that  the  modern  word  hoax  has  the  same  origin. 

'  Later  editions  read  : 

The  bus'ness  to  the  law's  all  one. 

•  Taylor,  the  Water  Poet,  says,  "  that  some  do  make  a  trade  of  swear- 
ing ;  as  a  fellow  being  once  asked  of  what  occupation  he  was,  made  answer, 
that  he  was  a  vitness,  meaning  one  that  for  hiie  would  swear  in  any  man's 
cause,  right  or  wrong." 


CANTO    HI.]  IIUDTBKAS.  421 

Or  lottini]'  out  to  liire  their  ears 

To  al!id;ivit  ('iist<iiiu'rs,  730 

At  inconsiderable  values, 

To  serve  tor  j\iryiiien  or  (aJes.^ 

Altho'  retain'd  iu  tli'  hardest  matters 

Of  trustees  and  administrators. 

For  that,  qH<ith  he,  let  me  alone  ;  735 

We've  store  of  such,  and  all  our  own, 
Bred  up  anil  tutor'd  by  our  teachers, 
Th'  ablest  of  all  conscience-stretchers.' 

That's  well,  quoth  he,  but  1  should  guess, 
By  weighing  all  advantages,  740 

Tour  surest  way  is  first  to  pitch 
On  Boiigey  for  a  water-witch  ;  ^ 
And  when  y'  have  hang'd  the  conjurer, 
T'  have  time  enough  to  deal  with  her. 
In  th'  int'rim  spare  for  no  trepans,  715 

To  draw  her  neck  into  the  banns  ; 
Ply  her  with  love-letters  and  billets. 
And  bait  'em  well  for  quirks  and  quillets,* 
"With  trains  t'  inveigle,  and  surprise 
Her  heedless  answers  and  rejdies  ;  760 

And  if  she  miss  the  mouse-trap  lines, 
They'll  serve  for  ot  her  by  designs ; 
And  make  an  artist  understand, 
To  copy  out  her  seal  or  hand ; 

Or  find  void  places  in  the  paper,  766 

To  steal  in  something  to  entrap  her; 

'  Ta!(s,  or  Tales  de  cimimslanlihiis,  are  persons  of  like  rank  and  quality 
with  such  of  the  principal  panml  as  arc  cliallcnged,  but  do  not  appear ;  and 
who,  happening  to  be  in  court,  arc  taken  to  supply  their  places  as  iurv- 
men.  •'    •" 

J  Downinj?  and  Stephen  Jfarshall,  who  absolved  from  their  oaths  the 
prisoners  released  at  lircntford.     Sec  note  at  pages  82  and  177,  178. 

'  On  Sidrophel  the  reputed  conjurer.  The  poet  nirknamcs  him  Bongey, 
from  a  Franciscan  friar  of  that  name,  who  lived  in  Oxfird  about  the  end  of 
the  thirteenth  century,  and  was  by  some  classed  with  lioger  liacnn,  and 
therefore  deemed  a  conjurer  by  the  e'nmnion  people.  "  A  water-witch  "  means 
probably  one  to  be  tried  by  tlic  water-ordeal. 

*  Subtleties.  Shakspcarc  frequently  used  the  word  quillet,  wliich  is  pr> 
bably  a  contraction  from  quibblet.     See   Wnj/hfa  (ilcsxnri/. 


422  HUDIBEAS  [PAET   III. 

Till,  with  her  worldly  goods  and  body, 

Spite  of  her  heart  she  has  indow'd  ye : 

Retain  all  sorts  of  witnesses, 

That  ply  i'  th'  Temple,  under  trees  ;  760 

Or  walk  the  round,  with  knights  o'  th'  posts,' 

About  the  cross-legg'd  knights,  their  hosts ; ' 

Or  wait  for  customers  between 

The  pillar-rows  in  Lincoln's-Inn ;  ^ 

Where  vouchers,  forgers,  common-bail,  765 

And  afEdavit-meu  ne'er  fail 

T'  expose  to  sale  all  sorts  of  oaths. 

According  to  their  ears  and  clothes,* 

Their  only  necessary  tools, 

Besides  the  Gospel,  and  their  souls  ;  *  770 

And  when  ye  're  furnish' d  with  all  purveys, 

I  shall  be  ready  at  your  service. 

I  would  not  give,  quoth  Hudibras, 
A  straw  to  understand  a  case. 

Without  the  admirabler  skill  775 

To  wind  and  manage  it  at  will ; 
To  veer,  and  tack,  and  stear  a  cause. 
Against  the  weather-gige  of  laws  ; 
Aid  ring  the  changes  upon  cases, 
As  plain  as  noses  upon  faces  ;  780 

'  Witnesses  who  are  ready  to  swear  anything,  true  or  false.  See  note  at 
Va-e  28. 

'  These  witnesses  frequently  plied  for  custom  about  the  Temple-church, 
where  are  several  monumental  effigies  of  knights  templars,  who,  according  to 
custom,  are  represented  cross-legged.  Their  hosts  means  that  nobody  gave 
tliem  any  better  entertainment  than  these  knights,  and  therefore  that  they 
were  almost  starved. 

'  The  crypt  beneath  the  chapel  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  was  another  place 
where  these  knights  of  tlie  post  plied  for  custom. 

*  Lord  Clarendon,  in  his  History  of  the  Rebellion,  vol.  ii.  p.  355,  tells  us 
that  an  Irishman  of  low  condition  and  meanly  clothed,  being  brought  as 
evidence  against  Lord  Strafford,  lieutenant  of  Ireland,  Mr  Pyra  gave  him 
money  to  boy  a  satin  suit  and  cloak,  in  which  equipage  he  appeared  at  the 
trial.  The  like  was  practised  in  the  trial  of  Lord  Statford  for  the  popish 
plot.  See  Carte's  History  of  the  Life  of  James  Duke  of  Ormonde,  vol.  ii. 
p.  517. 

5  When  a  witness  swears  he  holds  the  Gospel  in  his  right  hand,  and 
kisses  it :  the  Gospel  therefore  is  called  his  tool,  by  which  he  damns  his 
other  tool,  namely,  his  soul. 


CASTO    111.] 


HUDIBEAS. 


As  you  have  well  instructed  me, 

For  which  vou  've  earu'd,  here  'tis,  your  fee. 

1  lou<;  to  practise  your  advice, 

And  try  the  subtle  artifice; 

To  bait  a  letter  as  you  bid — 

As,  not  long  after,  thus  he  did : 
For,  having  pump'd  up  all  his  wit, 
And  humm'd  upon  it,  thus  he  writ. 


423 


78S 


AN  nEROICAL  EPISTLE 


HUDIBRAS  TO  HIS  LADY. 


._„  -  WHO  was  once  as  great  as  Csesar, 

•fa|p|.      Am  now  reduf'd  to  Nebuchadnezzar; 
('-SlV      Aud  i'roni  as  laiii'd  a  conqueror, 
&l|b|      As  e\-er  took  degree  in  war, 

^Ma^9     Or  did  his  exercise  in  battle, 

By  you  turn'd  out  to  grass  witli  cattle. 

For  since  I  am  deny'd  access 

To  all  my  earthly  liappiness, 

'  See  Daniel,  chap.  iv.  verses  32,  33. 


HUDIBHA8.  425 

Am  fallen  from  the  paradise 

Of  your  good  graces,  and  fair  eyes  ;  10 

Lost  to  the  world  and  you,  I'm  sent 

To  everlasting  banishment, 

Where  all  the  hopes  I  had  t'  have  won 

Your  heart,  b'ing  dash'd,  will  break  my  own. 

Yet  if  you  were  not  so  severe  15 

To  pass  your  doom  before  you  liear. 

You'd  Knd,  upon  my  just  defence. 

How  much  you  've  wrong' d  my  innocence. 

That  once  L  made  a  vow  to  you, 

"Which  yet  is  unperlbrm'd,  'tis  true  ;  20 

But  not  because  it  is  unpaid 

Tis  violated,  though  delay'd. 

Or  if  it  were,  it  is  no  fault 

So  heinous,  as  you'd  have  it  thought; 

To  undergo  the  loss  of  ears,  26 

Like  vulgar  hackney  perjurers  ; 

For  tliere's  a  ditierence  in  tlie  case, 

Between  the  noble  and  the  base  ; 
Wlio  always  are  observ'd  to  've  done  't 

L'pou  as  ditt'rent  an  account ;  30 

The  one  for  great  and  weighty  cause. 

To  salve  in  honour  ugly  flaws ; 

For  none  are  like  to  do  it  sooner 

Than  those  wlw  're  nicest  of  their  honour ; 

The  other,  for  base  gain  and  ]iav,  35 

Forswear  and  jierjure  by  the  dav. 

And  make  th'  e.\j)osing  and  retailing 

Their  souls,  and  consciences,  a  calling. 

It  is  no  scandal,  nor  aspersion, 

Upon  a  great  and  noble  jierson,  40 

To  say,  he  nal'rally  abhorr'd 

Th'  oid-fashion'd  trick,  to  keep  his  word, 

Tho'  'tis  perfidiousness  and  shame, 

In  meaner  men  to  do  tlie  same  : 

For  to  be  able  to  forget,  43 

Is  found  more  useful  to  tlie  great 

Than  gout,  or  deafness,  or  bad  eyes, 

To  make  'em  pass  for  wondrous  wise. 

But  tho'  tho  law.  on  perjurers. 

Inflicts  the  forfeiture  of  ears,  SO 


426  HUDIBRAS.  [epistle    TO 

It  is  not  just,  that  does  exempt 

The  guilty,  and  punish  the  innocent.' 

To  make  the  ears  repaii-  the  wrong 

Committed  by  th'  ungovern'd  tongue  ; 

And  when  one  member  is  forsworn,  63 

Another  to  be  cropp'd  or  torn. 

And  if  you  shou'd,  as  you  design, 

By  course  of  law,  recover  mine, 

You're  like,  if  you  consider  right, 

To  gain  but  little  honour  by't.  60 

For  he  that  for  his  lady's  sake 

Lays  down  his  life,  or  limbs,  at  stake, 

Does  not  so  much  deserve  her  favour. 

As  he  that  pawns  his  soul  to  have  her. 

This  you  've  acknowledg'd  I  have  done,  66 

Altho'  you  now  disdain  to  own  ; 

But  sentence  ^  what  you  rather  ought 

T'  esteem  good  service  than  a  fault. 

Besides,  oaths  are  not  bound  to  bear 

That  literal  sense  the  words  infer,  70 

But,  by  the  practice  of  the  age, 

Are  to  be  judg'd  how  far  th'  engage ; 

And  where  the  sense  by  custom's  eheckt, 

Axe  found  void,  and  of  none  effect, 

For  no  man  takes  or  keeps  a  vow,  78 

But  just  as  he  sees  others  do  ; 

Nor  are  th'  oblig'd  to  be  so  brittle, 

As  not  to  yield  and  bow  a  little : 

For  as  best  temper' d  blades  are  found. 

Before  they  break,  to  bend  quite  round  ;  80 

So  truest  oaths  are  still  most  tough. 

And,  tho'  they  bow,  are  breaking-proof. 

Then  wherefore  should  they  not  b'  allow'd 

In  love  a  greater  latitude  ? 

For  as  the  law  of  arms  approves  8S 

AU  ways  to  conquest,  so  shou'd  love's ; 

And  not  be  tied  to  true  or  false. 

But  make  thatjustest  that  prevails: 

'  This  line  must  be  read— 

"  The  guilty  'nd  punish  th'  iunoeent.' 
*  That  is,  condemn  or  pass  seateuce  upon. 


BIS    LADT.]  nUDIBEAS.  427 

For  how  can  that  which  is  above 

All  emjiire,  liii^h  and  mighty  love,       .  90 

Submit  its  great  prerogative, 

To  any  other  pow'r  alive  ? 

Shall  love,  that  to  no  crown  gives  place. 

Become  the  subject  of  a  case  ? 

The  fundamental  law  of  nature,  95 

Be  over-rul'd  by  those  made  after  ? 

Commit  tiie  censure  of  its  cause 

To  any,  but  its  own  great  laws  ? 

Love,  that's  the  world's  preservative. 

That  keeps  all  souls  of  things  alive  ;  100 

Controls  the  mighty  pow'r  of  fate, 

And  gives  mankind  a  longer  date ; 

The  life  of  nature,  that  restores 

As  fast  as  time  and  death  devours  ; 

To  whose  free  gift  the  world  does  owe  106 

Not  only  earth,  but  heaven  too : 

For  love's  the  only  trade  that's  driven. 

The  interest  of  state  in  heaven,' 

Which  nothing  but  the  soul  of  man 

Is  capable  to  entertain.  He 

For  what  can  earth  produce,  but  love, 

To  represent  the  joys  above  ? 

Or  who  but  lovers  can  converse, 

Like  angels,  by  tlie  eye-discourse  ? 

Address,  and  compliment  by  vision,  lie 

Make  love,  and  court  by  intuition  ? 

And  burn  in  am'rous  flames  as  fierce 

As  those  celestial  ministers  ? 

"  So  Waller  :       All  that  we  know  of  those  above, 

Is,  that  they  live  and  that  thov  love. 
But  the  Spanish  priest  Henrique:,  in  his  sinjrular'hook  entitled  "The  busi- 
nes.s  of  the  Saints  in  Heaven,"  printed  at  Salamanca,  1631,  assumes  to  know 
more  about  them.  lie  says  that  every  saint  .shall  have  his  particular  house 
in  heaven,  and  Christ  a  most  magnificent  palace!  That  there  shall  be  large 
streets,  great  piazzas,  fountains,  and  gardens.  That  there  shall  he  a  sove- 
reign pleasure  in  kissing  and  embracing  the  bodies  of  the  blest ;  and  pleasant 
baths,  where  thej  shall  bathe  themselves  in  each  other's  company  ;  that  all 
shall  sing  like  nightingales,  and  delight  themselves  in  masquerades,  feasts. 
and  ballads  ;  and  that  the  nngelt  shall  be  attired  as  fimales,  and  pres-jM 
themselves  to  the  saints  in  full  costume,  with  curk  and  lock*,  waistcoats  and 
fardingalcs. 


43S  HUDIBEAS.  [epistle    TO 

Then  how  can  anything  offend, 

In  order  to  so  great  an  end  ?  120 

Or  heav'n  itself  a  sin  resent, 

That  for  its  own  supply  was  meant  ?  ' 

That  merits,  in  a  kind  mistake, 

A  pardon  for  th'  offence's  sake  ? 

Or  if  it  did  not,  but  the  cause  126 

Were  left  to  th'  inj  nry  of  laws, 

What  tyranny  can  disapprove. 

There  should  be  equity  in  love  ? 

Per  laws,  that  are  inanimate. 

And  feel  no  sense  of  love  or  hate,'^  130 

That  have  no  passion  of  their  own. 

Nor  pity  to  be  wrought  upon, 

Are  only  proper  to  inflict 

Revenge  on  criminals  as  strict. 

But  to  have  power  to  forgive,  135 

la  empire  and  prerogative  ; 

And  'tis  in  crowns  a  nobler  gem 

To  grant  a  pardon  than  condemn. 

Then,  since  so  few  do  what  they  ough  ■, 

'Tia  great  t'  indulge  a  well-meant  fault  j  140 

For  why  shoidd  he  who  made  address, 

All  humble  ways,  without  success  ; 

And  met  with  nothing  in  return 

But  insolence,  affronts,  and  seom. 

Not  strive  by  wit  to  counter-mine,  145 

And  bravely  carry  his  design  ? 

He  who  was  us'd  s'  unlike  a  soldier, 

Blown  up  with  philters  of  love-powder  ; 

And  after  letting  blood,  and  purging, 

Condemn'd  to  voluntary  scourging  ;  130 

Alarm'd  with  many  a  horrid  fright. 

And  claw'd  by  goblins  in  the  night ; 

Insulted  on,  revil'd  and  jeer'd, 

With  rude  invasion  of  his  beard ; 

And  when  your  sex  was  foully  scaudal'd,  155 

As  foully  by  the  rabble  handled  ; 

'  The  Kniglit  sophistically  argues  that  heaven  cannot  resent  love  as  a  sin, 
iince  it  is  itself  love,  and  therefore  all  love  is  lieaven. 

>  Aristotle  defined  law  to  he,  reason  without  passion  ;  and  despotism,  oi 
arbitrary  power,  to  be,  passion  without  reason. 


HIS   LADT.]  HrDIBHAS.  429 

Attacked  hy  despicable  foes, 

And  drubh'd  with  mean  and  vulgar  blows; 

And,  alter  ail.  to  be  debarr'd 

So  much  as  standing  on  his  guard;  160 

When  horses,  being  spurr'd  and  prick'd, 

Have  leave  to  kick  lor  being  kick'd  ? 

Or  why  should  you,  whose  luothcr-wits ' 
Are  fiiriiish'd  with  all  perquisites; 
That  with  your  breeding  teeth  begin,  165 

And  nursing  babies  that  lie  in  ; 
B'  allow'd  to  put  all  tricks  upon 
Our  cully  -  sex,  and  we  use  none  ? 
We,  who  have  nothing  but  frail  vows 
Against  your  stratagems  t'  oppose  ;  170 

Or  oatlis,  more  feeble  than  your  own, 
By  which  we  are  no  less  put  down  ?^ 
You  wound,  like  Parthians,  while  you  fly, 
iViid  kill  with  a  retreating  eye  ;■* 

Setire  the  more,  the  more  we  press,  176 

To  draw  us  into  ambushes : 
As  pirates  all  false  colours  wear, 
T'  intrap  th'  unwary  mariner  ; 
So  women,  to  surprise  us,  spread 
The  borrow'd  flags  of  white  and  red ;  180 

Display  'em  thicker  on  their  cheeks, 
Thau  their  old  grandmothers,  the  Picts  ; 
And  raise  more  devils  with  their  looks, 
Than  conjurers'  less  subtle  books: 
Lay  trains  of  amorous  intrigues,  185 

In  tow'rs,  and  curls,  and  periwigs, 
AVith  i;rcater  art  and  cunning  rear'd, 
Thau  Philip  X}e's  Thanksgiving-beard;^ 

'  'WHiy  shouM  you,  who  were  sharp  and  witty  from  your  infancy,  who 
bred  wit  with  your  teeth,  &c. 

^  Foolish,  or  e.isily  |;ulled. 

'  That  is,  wc  are  no  loss  subdued  by  your  oalhs  than  by  your  stratagems. 

♦  The  Parthians  were  cxicUent  horsemen  and  very  dexterous  in  shooting 
their  arrows  behind  them,  by  which  means  tl'.';ir  ilight  wa.s  often  as  de- 
Btructive  to  the  enemy  as  their  attnrlc. 

'  Nye  wcis  a  member  of  thi-  .\s~eniblv  of  Divines,  and  a.s  remarkable  for  his 
lieanl  .IS  for  his  t'an;itieism.  He  first  eiitercd  at  llrazeii-nose  eolle-^e,  O.xford, 
and  afterwards  removed  to  .Magdalen-hall,  where  he  took  his  digrces,  and 
iher.  went  to  IloUand.     In  1640  he  returned  home  a  furious  Presbyterian  ; 


430  HUDIBEAS.  LEPI8TLE    TO 

Prepost'rously  t'  entice  and  gain 

Those  to  adore  'em  they  disdain  ;  19ij 

And  only  draw  'em  in  to  clog, 

With  idle  names,  a  catalogue.' 

A  lover  is,  the  more  he's  brave, 

T'  his  mistress  but  the  more  a  slave  ;' 

And  whatsoever  she  commands,  196 

Becomes  a  favour  from  her  hands, 

Which  he's  oblig'd  t'  obey,  and  must, 

Whether  it  be  unjust  or  just. 

Then  when  he  is  compell'd  by  her 

T'  adventures  he  would  else  forbear,  200 

Who,  with  his  honour,  can  withstand. 

Since  force  is  greater  than  command  ? 

And  when  necessity's  obey'd. 

Nothing  can  be  unjust  or  bad : 

And  therefore,  when  the  mighty  pow'rs  305 

Of  love,  our  great  ally,  and  yours, 

Join'd  forces  not  to  be  withstood 

By  frail  enamour' d  flesh  and  blood, 

and  was  sent  to  Scotland  to  forward  the  Covenant.  He  then  became  a 
strenuous  preacher  on  the  side  of  the  Independents :  "  was  put  into  Dr 
Featly'a  living  at  Acton,  and  rode  there  every  Lord's  day  in  triumph  in  a 
coach  drawn  by  four  horses."  He  attacked  Lilly  the  astrologer  from  the 
pulpit  with  considerable  virulence,  and  for  this  service  was  rewarded  with 
the  office  of  holding  forth  upon  thanksgiving  days.  Wherefore 
He  thought  upon  it,  and  resolv'd  to  put 
Hi^  beard  into  as  wonderful  a  cut. 

Butler's  MS. 
This  preacher's  beard  is  honoured  with  an  entire  poem  in  Butler's  Genuine 
Eemains,  vol.  i.  p.  177.  Indeed  beards  at  that  period  were  the  prominent 
part  of  fashionable  costume :  when  the  head  of  a  celebrated  court  ch»plain 
and  preacher  had  been  dressed  in  a  superior  style,  the  friseur  exclaimed,  with 
a  mixture  of  admiration  and  self-applause,  "I'll  be  hang'd  if  any  person 
of  taste  can  attend  to  one  word  of  the  sermon  to-day." 

'  To  increase  the  catalogue  of  their  discarded  suitors. 

2  The  poet  may  here  possibly  allude  to  some  well-known  characters  of 
his  time.  Bishop  Burnet  says :  "  The  Lady  Dysart  came  to  have  so  much 
power  over  Lord  Lauderdale,  that  it  lessened  him  very  much  in  the  es- 
teem of  all  tlie  world ;  for  he  delivered  himself  up  to  all  her  humours  and 
passions."  And  we  know  that  Anne  Clarges,  at  first  the  mistress,  and 
afterward  the  wife  of  General  Monk,  duke  of  Albemarle,  gained  the  most 
undue  influence  over  that  intrepid  commander,  who,  though  never  afraid 
of  bullets,  was  often  terrified  by  the  fury  of  his  wife. 


niS   LADX.]  HUDIBEA8.  431 

All  I  have  done,  unjust  or  ill, 

"Was  in  obedience  to  your  will,  no 

And  all  the  blame  that  can  be  due 

Falls  to  your  cruelty,  and  you. 

Nor  are  those  scandals  I  confest, 

Against  my  will  and  interest, 

More  than  is  daily  done,  of  course,  215 

By  all  men,  when  they're  under  force 

Whence  some,  upon  the  rack,  confess 

"What  th'  hangman  and  their  prompters  please  ■ 

But  are  no  sooner  out  of  pain, 

Than  they  deny  it  all  again.  g20 

But  when  the  devil  turns  confessor, 

Truth  is  a  crime  he  takes  no  pleasure 

To  hear  or  pardon,  like  the  ibunder 

Of  liars,  whom  they  all  claim  under:' 

And  therefore  w  hen  I  told  him  none,  226 

I  think  it  was  the  wiser  done. 

Nor  am  I  without  precedent. 

The  first  that  on  th'  adventure  went ; 

All  mankind  ever  did  of  course. 

And  daily  does  -  the  same,  or  worse.  230 

For  what  romance  can  show  a  lover. 

That  had  a  lady  to  recover. 

And  did  not  steer  a  nearer  course, 

To  fall  aboard  in  his  amours  ? 

And  what  at  first  was  held  a  crime,  385 

Has  tum'd  to  hon'rable  in  time. 

To  what  a  height  did  infant  Kome, 
By  ravishing  of  women,  come?* 

•  See  St  John  viii.  44.    Butler,  in  his  MS.  Common-place  Book,  says  ; 

A3  lyars,  with  Ion?  use  nf  telling  lyes. 
Forget  at  length  if  they  are  true  or  false. 
So  tnose  thnt  plod  on  anything  too  long, 
Know  nothing  whether  th'  are  in  the  right  or  wrong; 
For  what  are  all  your  demonstrations  else, 
But  to  the  higher  powers  of  sense  appeals; 
Senses  that  th'  undervalue  and  contemn 
As  if  it  lay  helow  their  wits  and  them. 
'  Var.  daily  do,  in  all  editions  to  1716  inclusive. 

•  This  refers  to  the  well-known  story  of  the  Rape  of  the  Sahiues. 


4:J2  HUDiBBAS.  [epistie  to 

Wlieu  men  upon  their  spouses  seiz'd, 

And  freely  marry' d  where  they  pleas'd  :  210 

They  ne'er  forswore  themselves,  nor  lied, 

Nor,  in  the  mind  they  were  in,  died  ; 

Nor  took  the  pains  t'  address  and  sue, 

Nor  play'd  the  masquerade  to  woo: 

Disdain' d  to  stay  for  friends'  consents,  245 

Nor  juggled  about  settlements  : 

Did  need  no  licence,  nor  no  priest. 

Nor  friends,  nor  kindred,  to  assist ; 

Nor  lawyers,  to  join  laud  and  money 

In  the  holy  state  of  matrimony,  260 

Before  they  settled  hands  and  hearts, 

Till  alimony  or  death  departs ; ' 

Nor  would  endure  to  stay,  until 

They  'd  got  the  very  bride's  good-will, 

But  took  a  wise  and  shorter  course  256 

To  win  the  ladies — downright  force  ; 

And  justly  made  'em  prisoners  then, 

As  they  have,  often  since,  us  men, 

With  acting  plays,  and  dancing  jigs,^ 

The  luckiest  of  all  love's  intrigues  ;  280 

And  when  they  had  them  at  their  pleasure. 

They  talk'd  of'love  and  Hames  at  leisure; 

For  after  matrimony's  over, 

He  that  holds  out  but  half  a  lover, 

Deserves,  for  ev'ry  minute,  more  26* 

Than  half  a  year  of  love  before  ; 

Por  which  the  dames,  in  contemplation 

Of  that  best  way  of  application, 

Prov'd  nobler  wives  than  e'er  were  known, 

By  suit,  or  treaty,  to  be  won ;'  270 

•  Thus  printed  in  some  editions  of  the  Prayer  Book ;  afterwards  altered, 
"  (ill  death  us  do  part,"  as  mentioned  in  a  former  note.  In  some  editions 
of  Hudibras  this  line  reads,  "  Till  alimony  or  death  them  parts." 

''  The  whole  of  this  stanza  refers  to  the  rape  of  the  Sabines.  The  Ro- 
mans, under  Romulus,  pretending  to  exhibit  some  fine  shows  and  diversions, 
drew  together  a  concourse  of  young  women,  and  seized  them  for  their  wives. 

'  When  the  Sabines  came  with  a  large  army  to  ilcmand  tlieir  daughters, 
and  the  two  nations  were  preparing  to  decide  the  matter  by  fight,  the 
women  who  had  been  carried  away  ran  between  the  armies  with  strong  ma- 
Difestations  of  grief,  and  thus  effected  a  reconciliation. 


UI8    I,ADY.]  HUDIBHAS  433 

Aud  such  as  all  posterity 

Cou'd  never  equal,  nor  come  nigh. 
For  \\  oiiieu  first  were  made  for  men, 

Not  men  lor  them.— It  follows,  then, 

That  men  have  right  to  every  one,  275 

And  they  no  freedom  of  their  own ; 

And  therefore  men  have  pow'r  to  c'huse 

But  they  no  eliarter  to  refuse. 

Hence  'tis  apparent  that  what  course 

Soe'er  we  take  to  your  amours,  280 

Though  liy  the  iudirectest  way, 

'Tis  not  injustice  nor  foul  play; 

And  that  you  ought  to  take  that  course 

As  we  take  you,  for  better  or  worse, 

And  gratefully  submit  to  those         '  285 

"Who  you,  bef'ore  another,  chose. 
For  why  shou'd  ev'ry  savage  beast 
Exceed  his  great  lord's  interest  ?  ' 
Have  freer  pow'r  than  he,  in  grace 
And  nature,  o'er  the  creature  lias  ?'  290 

Because  the  laws  he  since  has  made 
Have  cut  oifall  the  pow'r  lie  had; 
Eetreneh'd  the  absolute  dominion 
That  nature  gave  him  over  women  ; 
Wlien  all  his  jiow'r  will  not  extend  2»S 

One  law  of  nature  to  suspend  ; 
And  but  to  ofler  to  repeal 
The  smallest  clause,  is  to  rebel. 
This,  if  men  rightly  understood 

Their  privilege,  they  would  make  good,  300 

Aiul  not,  like  sots,  permit  their  wives 
T'  encroach  on  their  prerogatives  ; 
For  which  sin  they  deserve  to  be 
Kept,  as  they  are,  in  slavery : 

And  this  some  precious  gifted  teachers,  306 

Unrev'rently  reputed  lechers,' 
'  That  is,  man  sometimes  called  lord  of  the  world  : 

Jfaii  of  all  creatures  the  most  fierce  and  wild 
That  ever  God  made  or  the  devil  spoil'd  : 
The  most  courageous  of  men,  liv  want. 
As  well  as  honour,  are  made  valiant.  Butler's  MS. 

•  Mr  Cas«,  as  some  have  supposea,  but,  according  to  others,  Dr  Burges* 
2  r 


43J  EUDIBEA.S.  [epistle    TO 

And  disobey'd  in  making  love. 
Have  Tow'd  to  all  the  world  to  prove, 
And  make  ye  suffer  as  you  ought, 
For  that  uncharitable  fault :  310 

But  I  forget  myself,  and  rove 
Beyond  th'  instructions  of  my  love. 
Forgive  me,  Fair,  and  only  blame 
Th'  extravagancy  of  my  flame. 

Since  'tis  too  much  at  once  to  show  316 

Excess  of  love  and  temper  too. 
All  I  have  said  that's  bad,  and  true, 
Was  never  meant  to  aim  at  you, 
"Who  have  so  sov'reign  a  control 

O'er  that  poor  slave  of  yours,  my  soul,  320 

That,  rather  than  to  forfeit  you. 
Has  ventur'd  loss  of  heaven  too  ; 
Both  with  an  equal  pow'r  possest, 
To  render  all  that  serve  you  blest ; 
But  none  like  Inni,  who's  destin'd  either  325 

To  have  or  lose  you  both  together  ; 
And  if  you'll  but  this  iault  release, 
For  so  it  must  be,  since  you  please, 
I'll  pay  down  all  that  vow,  and  more, 
"Which  you  commanded,  and  I  swore,  330 

And  expiate,  upon  my  skin, 
Th'  arrears  in  full  of  all  my  sin  : 
For  'tis  but  just  that  I  should  pay 
Th'  accruing  penance  for  delay, 

AVhich  shall  be  done,  until  it  move  335 

Your  equal  pity  and  your  love. 

The  Knight,  perusing  this  Epistle, 
Believ'd  he 'ad  brought  her  to  his  whistle  ; 
And  read  it,  like  a  jocuud  lover. 
With  great  applause,  t'  himself,  twice  over  :  3iO 

or  Hugh  Peters.  Most  probnbly  the  latter,  as  in  several  volumes  and  tracts 
of  the  time  Peters  is  distinctly  accused  of  gross  lechery ;  and  in  Thurloe's 
State  Papers  (vol.  iv.  p.  784)  it  is  stated  that  he  was  found  with  a  wliore 
a-lied,  and  grew  mad,  and  said  nothing  but  "  0  blood,  0  blood,  that  troubles 
me." 

'  See  Butler's  "  Character  of  a  Wooer." 


I 


ni8    LADY.] 


nUDIBHAS. 


435 


Subscrib'd  his  name,  but  at  a  fit 

And  humble  distnnoe  to  his  wit  ; 

And  dated  it  with  wondrous  art, 

'  Giv'n  from  the  bottom  of  his  heart;' 

Then  seal'd  it  with  his  coat  of  love, 

A  smoking  fiiggot,— and  above 

Upon  a  seroll — 1  burn,  and  weep ; 

And  near  it— For  her  ladyship, 

Of  all  her  sex  most  escelfeut, 

These  to  her  gentle  hands  present.' 

Then  gave  it  to  his  faithless  Squire, 

With  lessons  how  t'  observe  and  eye  her.^ 

She  first  consider'd  which  was  better. 
To  send  it  back,  or  burn  the  'etter : 
But  guessing  that  it  might  import. 
The'  nothing  else,  at  least  her  sport, 
She  open'd  it,  and  read  it  out. 
With  many  a  smile  and  leering  flout : 
Eesolv'd  to  answer  it  in  kind. 
And  thus  perform'd  what  she  design'd.  360 

'  The  Knishfs  prolix  superscription  to  his  love-lultcr  is  in  the  fashionable 
stTle  of  the  time  Common  forms  wcre-To  niv  much  honoured  friend- 
To  the  most  excellent  lady-To  my  loving  cousiii-thuse  present  with  cave 
and  speed,  &e. 

■'  Don  Quixote,  when  lie  sent  his  squire  Sancho  Panza  to  his  mistress 
Uulcinca  del  Toboso,  gives  him  similar  directions. 


345 


350 


3S5 


2  p  3 


l-jUf^t^T^I       1     U| 


THE   LADY'S   ANSWEE 

TO 

THE  KNIGHT. 


IHAT  you  're  a  beast  and  turn'd  to  grass 
Is  no  strange  news,  nor  ever  was ; 
At  least  to  me,  wlio  once,  you  know, 
Did  from  the  pound  replevin  you,' 
When  both  your  sword  and  spurs  were  won      8 
In  combat  by  an  Amazon  : 

That  sword  tliat  did,  like  fate,  determine 

Th'  inevitable  death  of  vermin. 

And  never  dealt  its  furious  blows, 

But  cut  the  threads  of  pigs  and  cows,  10 

By  Trulla  was,  in  single  fight, 

Disarm' d  and  ^Tested  from  its  Knight, 

•  A  replevin  is  a  re-dcUverance  of  the  thing  distrained,  to  remain  with 
te  first  possessor  on  surety  to  answer  the  distrainer's  suit. 


HtTDIBRAS.  437 

Tour  heels  degraded  of  ^-our  spurs,' 

And  in  the  stocks  close  prisoners  : 

"W'liere  si  ill  they  'd  lain,  in  base  restraint,  15 

If  I,  in  pity  'f  your  complaint, 

Had  not.  on  hon'rable  conditions, 

Beleast  'em  from  the  worst  of  prisons  ; 

And  what  return  that  tavour  met. 

You  cannot,  tho'  you  wou'd  forget ;  20 

"When  beinii;  free  you  strove  t'  evade 

The  oaths  you  had  in  prison  made ; 

Forswore  yourself,  and  first  denied  it, 

But  after  own'd.  and  justified  it ; 

And  when  you  'd  falsely  broke  one  vow,  2n 

Absolv'd  yourself,  by  breaking  two. 

For  while  you  sneakingly  submit. 

And  beg  for  pardon  at  our  feet;* 

Discourag'd  by  your  guilty  fears, 

To  hope  for  quarter,  for  your  ears  ;  30 

And  doubting  'twas  in  vain  to  sue, 

Tou  claim  us  boldly  as  your  due. 

Declare  that  treachery  and  force. 

To  deal  with  us,  is  th'  only  course; 

AVe  have  no  title  nor  pretence  35 

To  body,  soul,  or  conscience. 

But  ought  to  fall  to  that  man's  share 

That  claims  us  for  his  proper  ware  : 

These  are  the  motives  which,  t'  induce, 

Or  fright  us  into  love,  you  use ;  40 

A  pretty  new  way  of  gallanting, 

Between  soliciting  and  ranting; 

Like  sturdy  beggars,  that  intreat 

For  charity  at  once,  and  threat. 

But  since  you  undertake  to  prove  4S 

Tour  own  propriety  in  love. 

As  if  we  were  but  lawful  prize 

In  war,  between  two  enemies, 

'  In  England,  whrn  a  knight  w.is  degraded,  his  gilt  spurs  were  beaten 
from  hi.s  Inils,  and  his  sword  takin  from  him  and  broken.  See  a  nrevioiis 
note.  ' 

'  The  widow,  to  Veep  up  her  dignity  and  importance,  speaks  of  herself  in 
the  plural  number. 


438  HtTDiBHAS.  [the  ladi's 

Or  forfeitures  which  ev'ry  lover, 

That  would  but  sue  for,  might  recover,  60 

It  is  not  hard  to  understand 

The  niyst'ry  of  this  bold  demand, 

That  cannot  at  our  persons  aim, 

But  something  capable  of  claim.' 

'Tis  not  those  paltry  counterfeit  56 

French  stones,  which  in  our  eyes  you  set, 
But  our  right  diamonds,  that  inspire 
And  set  your  am'rous  hearts  on  fire  ; 
Nor  can  those  false  St  Martin's  beads  ^ 
Which  on  our  lips  you  lay  for  reds,  60 

And  make  us  wear  like  Indian  dames,^ 
Add  fuel  to  your  scorching  flames. 
But  those  two  rubies  of  the  rock, 
Which  in  our  cabinets  we  lock. 
'Tis  not  those  orient  pearls,  our  teeth,*  65 

That  you  are  so  transported  with, 

'  Their  property. 

*  That  is,  counterfeit  rubies.  The  manufacturers  .and  venders  of  glass 
beads,  and  other  counterfeit  jewels,  established  themselves  on  the  site  of  the 
iild  collegiate  church  of  St  Martin's-Ie-Grand  (demolished  upon  the  dissolu- 
tion of  the  monasteries),  where  they  carried  on  a  considerable  trade.  The 
articles  fabricated  at  this  place  were  called  by  its  name,  as  we  now  say, 
"  Brommagem  ware." 

^  Female  savages  in  many  parts  of  the  globe  wear  ornaments  of  fish-bane, 
stones,  or  coloured  glass  when  they  can  get  it,  on  their  lips  and  noses. 

*  In  the  History  of  Don  Fenise,  a  romance  translated  from  the  Spanish 
of  Francisco  de  las  Coveras,  and  printed  1656,  p.  269,  is  the  following  pas- 
fsjre  :  "  My  covetousness  exceeding  my  love,  counselled  me  that  it  was  better 
to  have  gold  in  money  than  in  threads  of  h,air ;  and  to  possess  pearls  that 
resemble  teeth,  than  teeth  that  were  like  pearls." 

In  praising  Chloris,  moons,  and  stars,  and  skies, 

Are  quickly  made  to  match  her  face  and  eyes ; 

And  gold  and  rabies,  with  as  little  care. 

To  fit  the  colour  of  her  lips  and  hair  : 

And  mixing  suns,  and  flow'rs,  and  pearl,  and  stones, 

JIake  thera  serve  all  complexions  at  once  ; 

With  these  fine  fancies  at  hap-hazard  writ, 

I  could  make  verses  without  art  or  wit. 

And  shifting  fifty  times  the  verb  and  noun. 

With  stol'n  impertinence  patch  up  my  own. 

Butler's  Remains,  v.  i.  p.  88 


I 


tVSWER.]  HFDIBBAR.  439 

But  tliose  we  wear  about  our  necka, 

Produce  those  aiiionuis  etlects. 

Nor  is  't  those  tlireads  of  gold,  our  hair, 

The  periwisjs  you  make  us  wear;  70 

T$ut  those  bright  guineas  iu  our  chests, 

That  light  the  wihlllre  in  your  breasts. 

These  love-tricks  I've  been  vers'd  in  so. 

That  all  their  sly  intrigues  I  know, 

And  can  unriddle,  by  their  toues,  75 

Their  mystic  cabals,  and  jargones  ; 

Can  tell  what  passions,  by  their  sounds. 

Pine  tor  the  beauties  of  my  grounds  ; 

What  raptures  fond  and  amorous, 

O'  th'  charius  and  graces  of  my  house ;  80 

What  ecstasy  and  scorching  flame, 

Burns  for  my  money  in  my  name ; 

Wliat  from  th'  unnatural  desire, 

To  beasts  and  cattle,  takes  its  fire ; 

What  tender  sigh,  and  trickling  tear,  85 

Longs  for  a  thousand  pounds  a  year; 

And  languishing  transports  are  fond 

Of  statute,  mortgage,  bill,  and  bond.' 

These  are  th'  attracts  which  most  men  fall 
Enamour'd,  at  first  sight,  withal ;  90 

To  these  th'  a<idress  with  serenades. 
And  court  with  balls  and  masquerades ; 
And  yet,  for  all  the  yearning  pain 
Te  've  sufter'd  for  their  loves  in  vain, 
I  fear  they'll  prove  so  nice  and  coy,  85 

To  have,  and  t'  hold,  and  to  enjoy ; 
That  all  your  oaths  and  labour  lost, 
They'U  ne'er  turn  ladies  of  the  post.' 
This  is  not  meant  to  disapprove 
Your  judgment,  in  your  choice  of  love,  100 

Which  is  so  wise,  the  greatest  part 
Of  mankind  study  't  as  an  art ; 

'  Statute  is  a  short  writing  called  Statute  March:int,  or  Statute  Staple, 
in  the  nature  of  a  bond,  &c.,  made  acconlinp  to  the  furm  expressly  pruvidud 
in  certain  statutes,  .5th  Hen.  IV.  c.  12,  and  others. 

'  That  L«,  will  never  swear  for  you,  or  vow  to  take  you  for  a  husband. 


440  HUDIBRAS.  [the  ladt's 

For  love  shou'd,  like  a  deodand, 

Still  fall  to  th'  ovraer  of  the  land ; ' 

And  where  there  's  substance  for  its  ground,  105 

Cannot  but  be  more  firm  and  sound, 

Than  that  which  has  the  slighter  basis 

Of  airy  virtue,  wit,  aud  graces ; 

Which  is  of  such  thiu  subtlety, 

It  steals  and  creeps  in  at  the  eye,  110 

And,  as  it  can't  endure  to  stay, 

Steals  out  again,  as  nice  a  way.^ 

But  love  that  its  extraction  owns 

Prom  solid  gold  and  precious  stones. 

Must,  like  its  shining  parents,  prove  115 

As  solid  aud  as  glorious  love. 

Hence  'tis  you  have  no  way  t'  express 

Our  charms  and  graces  but  by  these ; 

For  what  are  lips,  and  eyes,  and  teeth, 

"Which  beauty  invades  and  conquers  with,  120 

But  rubies,  pearls,  and  diamonds. 

With  which  a  philter  love  commands  ?  ' 

This  is  the  way  all  parents  prove. 
In  managing  their  children's  love  ; 
That  force  'em  t'  intermarry  and  wed,  125 

As  if  th'  were  bury'ng  of  the  dead  ; 
Cast  earth  to  earth,  as  in  the  grave,* 
To  join  in  wedlock  all  they  have, 

'  Any  moving  thing  whicli  occasions  tlio  death  of  a  man  is  forfeited  to 
the  lord  of  the  manor.  It  was  originally  intended  that  he  should  dispose 
of  it  in  acts  of  charity  :  hence  the  name  deodand.  meaning  a  thing  given, 
or  rather  forfeited,  to  God,  for  the  pacification  of  his  wrath,  in  case  ol  mis- 
adventure, whereby  a  Christian  man  cometh  to  a  violent  end,  without  the 
fault  of  any  reasonable  creature.  The  crown  frequently  granted  this  right 
to  individuals,  within  certain  limits,  or  annexed  it  to  lands,  by  which  it  be> 
came  vested  in  the  lord  of  the  manor. 

''  Farquhar  has  this  thought  in  his  dialogue  between  Archer  and  Cherry. 
Sec  the  fieau.v  Stratagem. 

3  (tut  of  which  love  makes  a  philter. 

*  The  Burial  Ortice,  observes  Dr  Grey,  was  .scandalously  ridiculed.  One 
Brooke,  a  London  lecturer,  at  the  burial  of  Mr  John  Gough,  used  the  follow- 
ing profanity : — 

Ashes  to  ashes,  dust  to  dust, 
Here  'a  the  pit,  and  in  thou  must. 

Mercuriut  Sutticui,  No.  9 


ilfSWER.]  HUDTBRAS.  441 

And,  when  the  settlement's  in  force, 

Take  all  the  rest  for  better  or  worse  ;  130 

For  money  has  a  pow'r  above 

The  stars,  and  fate,  to  manage  love, 

"Whose  arrows,  learned  poets  hold, 

That  never  miss,  are  tij)p'd  with  gold.' 

And  tho'  some  sa_v,  the  parents'  claims  135 

To  make  love  in  their  children's  names,' 

Who,  many  times,  at  once  provide 

The  nurse,  the  husband,  and  the  bride 

Feel  darts  and  charms,  attracts  and  flames, 

And  woo,  and  contract,  in  their  names,  140 

And  as  they  christen,  use  to  marry  'em, 

And,  like  tlieir  gossips,  answer  for  'em  ; 

Is  not  to  give  in  matrimony. 

But  sell  and  prostitute  for  money. 

'Tis  better  than  their  own  betrothing,  145 

AVho  often  do  't  for  wor.se  than  nothin<j' ; 

And  when  they're  at  their  own  dispose, 

AV'ith  greater  disadvantage  choose. 

All  this  is  right ;  but,  for  the  course 

You  take  to  do  't,  by  fraud  or  force,  150 

'Tis  so  ridiculous,  as  soon 

As  told,  'tis  never  to  be  done, 

No  more  than  setters  can  betray,' 

That  tell  what  tricks  they  are  to  play. 

But  Mr  ChcvneU  (the  Nonconformist)  behaved  .still  more  irreverently  at 
the  tuneral  of  that  eminent  divine  Chilliiigwarth.  After  a  reflecting  .speech 
on  the  deceased,  in  which  he  declaimed  a^'ainst  the  use  of  reason  in  ?eii^ious 
matters,  be  threw  his  book,  '  The  Religion  of  Pn.tcstant^,  or  a  safe  way  to 
Salvation,"  into  the  prave,  sayinR,  "  Get  thee  pone,  thou  cursed  book  which 
has  seduced  so  many  precious  souls;  get  thee  pone,  thou  corrupt,  rotten 
book,  earth  to  earth,  dust  to  dust :  get  thee  into  the  place  of  rottenness  that 
thou  mayst  rot  with  thy  author,  and  see  corruption."  See  Ncafs  Puri- 
tans, vol.  iii.  p.  102. 

'  In  Ovid  Cupid  employs  two  arrows,  one  of  gold,  and  the  other  of  lead 
the  former  causing  love,  the  latter  aversion. 

-  Though  thus  in  all  editions,  claim  and  nnme  would  be  better  readings : 
for  claim  is  the  nominative  case  to  «  in  verse  143. 

^  Setter,  a  term  frcpicnt  in  the  comedies  of  the  last  centurv:  sometimes 
It  seems  to  be  a  pimp,  sometimes  a  spv,  but  most  usually  an  .I'ttendant  on  a 
cheating  gamester,  who  introduces  unpractised  youths  to  be  pillaged,  by 


442  HUDIBEAS.  [the    LiDT's 

Marriage,  at  best,  is  but  a  vow,  155 

Which  all  men  either  break  or  bow ; 

Then  what  will  those  forbear  to  do, 

Wbo  perjure  when  they  do  but  woo  ? 

Such  as  beforehand  swear  and  be, 

For  earnest  to  their  treacbery,  160 

And,  rather  than  a  crime  confess. 

With  greater  strive  to  make  it  less  : 

Like  thieves,  who,  after  sentence  past. 

Maintain  their  inn'cence  to  tlie  last ; 

And  when  their  crimes  were  made  appear  165 

As  plain  as  witnesses  can  swear, 

Tet  when  the  wretches  come  to  die, 

"Will  take  upon  their  death  a  lie. 

Nor  are  the  virtues  you  confess'd 

T'  your  ghostly  father,  as  you  guess' d,  17C 

So  sbght  as  to  be  justified. 

By  be'ng  as  shamefully  denied ; 

As  if  you  thought  your  word  would  pass, 

Point-blank,  on  both  sides  of  a  case  ; 

Or  credit  were  not  to  be  lost  175 

B'  a  brave  knight-errant  of  the  post. 

That  eats  perfidiously  his  word. 

And  swears  his  ears  through  a  two-inch  board  ; ' 

Can  own  the  same  thing,  and  disown, 

And  perjure  booty  pro  and  eon  ;  180 

Can  make  the  Gospel  serve  his  turn, 

And  help  him  out  to  be  forsworn  ; 

Wben  'tis  laid  hands  upon,  and  kist, 

To  be  betray'd  and  sold,  like  Christ. 

These  are  the  virtues  in  whose  name  185 

A  right  to  all  tlie  world  you  claim, 

And  boldly  challenge  a  dominion, 

In  grace  and  nature,  o'er  all  women  ; 

him ;  what  a  setting  dog  is  to  a  sportsman.  Butler  here  seems  to  say  that 
those  who  tell  the  cards  in  another's  hand,  cannot  alwa5's  tell  how  they  will 
be  played. 

'  That  is,  endeavours  to  shield  himself  from  the  punishment  due  to  per- 
jury, the  loss  of  his  ears,  by  a  desperate  perseverance  in  false  swearing.  A 
person  is  said  to  swear  through  a  two-inch  board,  when  he  makes  oath  of 
anything  which  was  concealed  from  him  by  a  thick  door  or  partition. 


ANSWER.]  HUDIBHAS.  443 

Of  whom  no  less  will  satisfy, 

Than  all  the  ses,  your  tyranny :  190 

Altho'  you'll  find  it  a  hard  province, 

"With  all  your  crafty  frauds  and  covins,^ 

To  govern  such  a  nuni'rous  crew, 

AVho,  one  hy  one,  now  govern  you  ; 

YoT  if  you  all  were  Solomons,  195 

And  wise  and  great  as  he  was  once, 

Tou'll  find  they're  able  to  subdue, 

As  they  did  him,  and  bafHe  you. 

And  if  you  are  impos'd  upon, 

'Tis  by  your  own  temptation  done :  200 

That  with  your  ignorance  invite, 

And  teach  us  how  to  use  the  slight. 

For  wiien  we  find  ye're  still  more  taken 

With  false  attracts  of  our  own  making. 

Swear  tliat's  a  rose,  and  that's  a  stone,  206 

Like  sots,  to  us  that  laid  it  on, 

And  what  we  did  but  slightly  prime, 

Most  ignorautly  daub  in  rhyme ; 

Tou  force  us,  in  our  own  defences, 

To  copy  beams  and  influences  ;  210 

To  lay  perfections  on  the  graces. 

And  draw  attracts  upon  our  faces ; 

And,  in  compliance  to  your  wit. 

Your  own  false  jewels  counterfeit : 

For,  by  the  jiractice  of  those  arts,  215 

We  gain  a  greater  share  of  hearts ; 

And  those  deserve  in  reason  most, 

That  greatest  ])ains  and  study  cost ; 

For  great  perfections  are,  like  heav'n, 

Too  rich  a  present  to  be  giv'n :  220 

Nor  are  those  master-strokes  of  beauty 

To  be  perform'd  without  hard  duty. 

Which,  wlien  they're  nobly  done,  and  well, 

The  simple  natural  excel. 

How  fair  and  sweet  tlie  planted  rose,'  225 

Beyond  the  wild  in  hedges,  grows ! 

'  Covin  is  n  tcmi  of  law,  si(rnifying  a  deceitful  compact  brtwcen  two  or 
more,  to  dercivc  or  prejudice  others. 
*  Tliis  and  the  fjllowing  lines  arc  full  of  poetry.     Mr  Nash  supposei 


*44  HTFDIBKAS.  [the    LAUT'S 

For,  without  art,  the  noblest  seeds 

Of  flowers  degenerate  into  weeds : 

How  dull  and  rugged,  ere  'tis  ground 

And  polish'd,  looks  a  diamond!  83C 

Though  paradise  were  e'er  so  fair, 

It  was  not  kept  so  without  care. 

The  whole  world,  without  art  and  dress, 

Would  be  but  one  great  wilderness ; 

And  nuinkind  but  a  savage  herd,  235 

For  all  that  nature  has  eonferr'd : 

This  does  but  rough-hew  and  design, 

Leaves  art  to  polish  and  refine. 

Though  women  first  were  made  for  men, 

Yet  men  were  made  for  them  agen :  240 

For  when,  out-witted  by  his  wife, 

Man  first  turn'd  tenant"  but  for  life,' 

If  woman  had  not  interven'd. 

How  soon  had  mankind  had  an  end ! 

And  that  it  is  in  being  yet,  245 

To  us  alone  you  are  in  debt. 

Then  where's  your  liberty  of  choice, 

And  our  unnatural  no-voice  ? 

Since  all  the  privilege  you  boast, 

And  falsel'  usurp'd,  or  vainly  lost,  250 

Is  now  our  right,  to  whose  creation 

You  owe  your  happy  restoration. 

And  if  we  had  not  weighty  cause 

To  not  appear  in  making  laws. 

We  could,  in  spite  of  all  your  tricks  256 

And  shallow  formal  politics, 

Force  you  our  managements  t'  obey, 

As  we  to  yours,  in  sliow,  gn-e  way. 

Hence  'tis,  that  while  you  \'ainly  strive 

T'  advance  your  high  prerogative,  260 

You  basely,  after  all  your  braves, 

Submit  and  own  yourselves  our  slaves  ; 

that  Butler  alludes  to  Milton,  when  he  says. 

Though  paradise  were  e'er  so  fair, 
It  was  not  kept  so  without  care. 

'  Wlien  man  Iiecame  subject  to  death  by  eating  the  forbidden  fruit  at  tli# 
persuasion  of  woman. 


4N8WEK.]  HrDIBEAS.  445 

And  'cause  we  do  not  make  it  known, 

Nor  publicly  our  iut'rests  own, 

Like  sots,  suppose  we  have  no  shares  265 

In  ord'rini;  you,  and  your  affiiirs, 

When  all  your  empire  and  command, 

You  liave  from  us,  at  second-hand : 

As  if  a  pilot,  that  appears 

To  sit  still  only,  while  he  steers,  270 

And  does  not  make  a  noise  and  stir, 

Like  ev'ry  common  mariner, 

Knew  Bothing  of  the  card,  nor  star, 

And  did  not  guide  the  man  of  war : 

Nor  we,  because  we  don't  appear  275 

In  councils,  do  not  govern  there : 

While,  like  the  mighty  Prester  John, 

Whose  person  none  dares  look  upon,' 

But  is  proserv'd  in  close  disguise. 

From  b'ing  made  cheap  to  vulgar  eyes,  28C 

W'  enjoy  as  large  a  pow'r  unseen, 

To  govern  him,  as  he  does  nieu : 

And,  in  the  right  of  our  Pope  Joan, 

Make  emp'rors  at  our  feet  fall  down ; 

Or  Joan  de  Pucelle's  braver  name,"  285 

Our  right  to  arms  and  conduct  claim  ; 

'  The  name  or  title  of  Prester  John  has  hcen  given  by  travellers  to  the 
king  of  Tenduc  in  Asia,  who,  like  the  Abyssinian  emperors,  preserveil  preat 
state,  and  did  not  condescend  to  be  seen  by  his  subjects  more  than  three 
times  a  year,  namely,  Christmas  day,  Easter  day,  and  Holyrood  day  in 
September.  (See  Purchm's  I'ilyrimes,  vol.  ii.  p.  10.S2.)  He  is  said  to  havo 
had  seventy  kings  for  hisva.ssals.  Slandeville  makes  Prester  John  sovereign 
of  an  archipelago  of  isles  in  India  beyond  Hactria,  and  says  that  "a  former 
emperor  travelled  into  Kgvpt,  where  being  present  at  divine  service,  he  asked 
who  those  persons  were  tiiat  stood  before  the  bishop  ?  And  being  told  they 
were  prcstrea,  or  priests,  he  .said  he  would  no  more  be  called  king  or  em- 
peror, but  priest ;  and  would  take  the  name  of  him  that  came  first  out  of  the 
priests,  and  was  called  John;  since  which  time  all  the  emperors  have  been 
called  Prester  John." — Cap.  99. 

2  Juan  of  Arc,  calUd  also  the  Pucelle,  or  Maid  of  Orleans.  She  was  bom 
at  the  town  of  Domrcnii,  on  the  Meuse,  daughter  of  James  rf«  Arc  and 
Isabelie  liomie^  and  w;is  bred  uj)  a  shepherdess  in  the  country.  At  the 
age  of  eighteen  or  twenty  she  asserted  that  she  had  received  an  express  com- 
mission from  God  to  go  tn  the  relief  of  Orleans,  then  besieged  by  the  Kng- 
lish,  and  defended  by  John  Comple  de  Dennis,  and  almost  reduced  to  the 


446  HrDiBBAS.  [the  LADr'S 

Who,  tho'  a  spinster,  yet  was  able 

To  serve  France  for  a  grand  constable. 

We  make  and  execute  all  laws. 

Can  judge  the  judges,  and  the  Cause ;  290 

Prescribe  all  rules  of  right  or  wrong. 

To  th'  long  robe,  and  the  longer  tongue, 

'Gainst  which  the  world  has  no  defence, 

But  our  more  pow'rful  eloquence. 

We  manage  tilings  of  greatest  weight  295 

In  all  the  world's  alfairs  of  state ; 

Are  ministers  of  war  and  peace, 

That  sway  all  nations  how  we  please. 

We  rule  all  churches  and  their  flocks, 

Heretical  and  orthodox,  30c 

And  are  the  heav'uly  vehicles 

O'  th'  spirits  in  aU  conventicles  : ' 

By  us  is  all  commerce  and  trade 

Improv'd,  and  manag'd,  and  deeay'd : 

Tor  nothing  can  go  oft"  so  well,  305 

Nor  bears  that  price,  as  what  we  sell. 

We  rule  in  ev'ry  public  meeting. 

And  make  men  do  what  we  judge  fitting  ;' 

last  extremit}-.  She  went  to  the  coron.itioii  of  Charles  the  .Seventh,  when 
he  was  almost  mined,  and  recognised  that  prince  in  the  midst  of  his  nohles, 
though  meanly  habited.  The  doctors  of  divinity  and  members  of  Parliament 
openly  declared  that  there  was  something  supernatural  in  her  conduct.  She 
sent  for  a  sword,  whieli  lay  in  the  tomb  of  a  knight,  behind  the  great 
altar  of  the  church  of  St  Katharine  tie  Fofbois,  upon  the  blade  of  which 
the  cross  and  fleur-de-lis's  were  engraven,  wliicli  put  the  king  in  a  very 
great  surprise,  as  none  beside  himself' Wiis  supposed  to  know  of  it.  Upon  this 
he  sent  her  with  the  command  of  some  troops,  with  which  she  relieved  Or- 
leans, and  drove  the  English  from  it,  defeated  Talbot  at  tlic  battle  of  Pattai, 
and  recovered  Champagne.  At  last  she  was  unfortunately  taken  prisoner 
m  a  sally  at  Champagne  in  1430,  and  tried  for  a  witch  or  sorceress,  con- 
demned, and  burnt  in  Rouen  market-place  in  May,  1430.  But  her  story  is 
differently  toM  by  different  historians ;  some  denying  the  truth  of  the  greater 
part  of  it,  and  some  even  of  her  existence.  Anstis^  in  liis  Register  of  tlic  Order 
of  the  Garter,  says  that  for  her  valiant  actions  she  was  ennobled  and  had  a 
grant  of  arms,  dated  January  16th,  1429.  Her  story  is  beautifidly  drama- 
tised by  Schiller  in  his  "  Maid  of  Orleans." 

'  As  good  vehicles  at  least  as  the  cloak-bag,  which  was  said  to  have  cou- 
veyed  the  same  from  Rome  to  the  Council  of  Trent. 

'  Much  of  what  is  here  said  on  tho  political  influence  of  women, 
was  aimed  at  the  court  of  Charles  II.,  who  was  greatly  governed  by  hie 


INSWER.]  HUDIBBAS.  HJ 

Are  matiistTatcs  in  nil  great  towns, 

AVliere  men  do  notliiiiEj  but  wear  gowns.  31C 

AVe  make  tlie  man  of  war  strike  sail,' 

And  to  our  braver  eonduet  veil, 

And,  when  he  's  ehas'd  his  enemies, 

Submit  to  us  upon  his  knees. 

Is  there  an  offieer  of  state,  315 

Untimely  rais'd,  or  magistrate, 

Tliat's  haughty  and  imperious  ? 

He's  but  a  journeyman  to  us, 

That,  as  he  gives  us  cause  to  do't. 

Can  keep  him  in,  or  turn  him  out.  320 

We  are  your  guardians,  that  increase 

Or  waste  your  fortunes  how  we  please  ; 

And,  as  you  humour  us,  can  deal 

In  all  your  matters,  ill  or  well. 

'Tis  we  that  can  dispose  alone,  325 

"Whether  your  heirs  shall  be  your  own  ; 

To  whose  integrity  you  must. 

In  spite  of  all  your  caution,  trust ; 

And  'less  you  fly  beyond  the  seas, 

Can  fit  you  with  what  heirs  we  please;^  330 

And  force  you  t'  own  them,  tho'  begotten 

By  I'rench  valets,  or  Irish  footmen. 

Nor  can  tlio  rigorousest  course 

Prevail,  unless  to  mak(!  os  worse  ; 

Who  still,  the  harsher  we  are  us'd,  3;'.6 

Are  further  olf  from  b'ing  reduc'd; 

And  scorn  t'  abate,  for  any  ills. 

The  least  jHinctilio  of  our  wills. 

Force  docs  but  whet  our  wits  t'  apply 

Arts,  born  with  us,  for  remedy,  3-10 

AVhidi  all  your  politics,  as  yet. 

Have  ne'er  been  able  to  defeat : 

For,  when  ye  've  try'd  all  sorts  of  ways. 

What  fools  d'  we  make  of  you  in  plays  ? 

mistresses,  especially  the  Duchess  of  Portsmouth,  who  wiis  in  the  interest  of 
P' ranee.     Some  suppose  that  the  wife  of  General  Monk  may  be  intended. 

'  Alluding  probably  to  Sir  William  Waller. 

'  See  note  on  line  .598  at  page  289. 


418  HUDIBEAS.  [the    LADV's 

"While  all  the  favours  we  aiford  345 

Are  but  to  girt  you.  with  the  sword, 

To  fight  our  battles  in  our  steads, 

And  have  your  brains  beat  out  o'  your  heads ; 

Encounter,  in  despite  of  nature, 

And  fight,  at  once,  with  tire  and  water,  35C 

With  pirate-i,  rocks,  and  storms,  and  seas, 

Our  pride  and  vanity  t'  appease  ; 

Kill  one  another,  and  cut  throats. 

For  our  good  graces,  and  best  thoughts ; 

To  do  your  exercise  for  honour,  356 

And  have  your  brains  beat  out  the  sooner; 

Or  crack'd,  as  learnedly,  upon 

Things  that  are  never  to  be  known : 

And  still  appear  the  more  industrious. 

The  more  your  projects  are  prepost'rous ;  360 

To  square  the  circle  of  the  arts, 

And  run  stark  mad  to  show  your  parts ; 

Expound  the  oracle  of  laws. 

And  turn  them  which  way  we  see  cause ; 

Be  our  solicitors  and  agents,  365 

And  stand  for  us  in  all  engagements. 

And  these  are  all  the  mighty  pow'rs 
You  vainly  boast  to  cry  down  ours ; 
And  what  in  real  value's  wauting, 
Supply  with  vapouring  and  ranting  :  37o 

Because  yourselves  are  terrified. 
And  stoop  to  one  another's  pride : 
Believe  we  have  as  little  wit 
To  be  out-hector' d,  and  submit : 

By  your  example,  lose  that  right  376 

In  treaties,  which  we  gain'd  in  fight : ' 
And  terrified  into  an  awe, 
Pass  on  ourselves  a  Salique  law ;' 

'  England,  in  every  period  of  her  history,  has  been  thought  more  success- 
ful in  war  than  in  negotiation.  Congreve,  reflecting  upon  Queen  Anne' 
last  ministry,  in  his  epistle  to  Lord  Cobham,  says : 

Be  far  tliat  guilt,  be  never  known  that  shame, 
That  Britain  should  rcti-aet  her  rightful  claim, 
Or  stain  with  pen  the  triumphs  of  her  sword! 
•  The  Salique  law  bars  the  succession  of  females  to  some  inheritance* 


AV'SWEn.] 


HUDIBEAS. 


449 


Or,  as  some  nations  use,  give  place 

And  truckle  to  your  mighty  race,'  38o 

Let  men  usurp  th'  unjust  dominion, 

As  if  they  were  the  better  women. 

Thus  Imights' fees  were  in  some  parts  terrre  salie<e :  males  onlv  bein?  allowLc' 
to  inliont  such  lands,  because  females  could  not  perform  the  senices  for 
which  thev  were  granted.  In  France  this  law  regulates  the  inheritance  of 
the  crown  itselt.     See  Shakspeare.  Henry  V.,  Act  i.  sc.  2. 

'Grey  tliinks  this  may  be  an  allusion  to  the  obsequiousness  of  the  Mus- 
covite women,  recorded  m  Purclias's  Pilgriniea  (vol.  ii.  p.  230),  a  book  with 
which  our  poet  seems  to  have  been  very  familiar.  It  is  tliere  said,  "That 
if  in  Muscovy  the  woman  is  not  beaten  once  a  week  she  will  not  be  good  • 
and  therefore  they  look  for  it  weekly  :  and  the  women  say,  if  their  husband* 
did  not  beat  them,  they  should  not  love  them." 


sa 


INDEX. 


[SsT  n.  refers  to  the  number  of  the  notes  at  the  foot  ofttiepaga.'] 


Abracadabra,  a  charm,  223,  n.  2. 

Aches,  192,  n.  3 ;  293  and  n.  1  ;  344. 

Achievements,  military,  55,  n.  1. 

Achitophel,  345  and  n.  2. 

Action  on  the  case,  134  and  n.  2. 

Adam,  picture  of,  II,  n.  3;  his  first 
green  breeches,  25  and  n.  2;  Eve 
carved  from  his  side,  296  and  n.  1. 

Addison,  his  censure  of  Butler,  pre- 
face, 23. 

AdmiuisterinRs,  312  and  n.  5. 

•Eneas,  his  descent  into  hell,  23, 
n.  1. 

-Eolus,  an  attendant  on  fame,  138, 
n.  .5. 

Affidavit-hand,  285  and  n.  2. 

Affidavii-niakers,  337  and  n.  4. 

Agamemnon,  dagger  of,  19,  n.  3. 

Aganda,  story  of,  53,  n.  2. 

Agrippa,  Henry  Cornelius,  renowned 
for  solid  lying,  25 ;  particulars 
respecliDg,  25  and  n.  5  ;  his  dog 
suspected  to  be  a  spirit,  238  and 
n.  1,  2. 

Ajax,  slays  a  flock  c  f  sheep,  54,  n. 
2  f  the'shield  of,  59,  n.  2. 

Albert,  archduke  of  Austria,  91 ,  n.  1. 

Albertus  Magnus,  Bishop  of  Ratis- 
bon,  152  and  n.  3. 

Alborach,  the  ass  of  Mahomet,  14, 
n.  1. 

Alchymists,  or  hermetic  philoso- 
phers, 280,  n.  1,  3. 

Alcoran,  37 1  and  n.  2. 

Alimony,  309  and  n.  5 ;  or  death, 
432 and  n.  1.  „,.. 


Allay  and  Alloy,  346  and  n.  7. 

Alligators,  hung  up,  370  and  n.  3. 

Almanacks,  licenser  of  218,  n.  5. 

Amazons,  the,  298  and  n.  I. 

America,  supposed  to  have  been  dis* 
covered  by  the  Britons,  44,  n.  2, 

Ammianus  Marcelliiius,  fact  re- 
lated by,  53,  n.  1. 

Anabaptists,  or  Dippers,  24,  n.  2  ; 
insist  on  immersion  in  baptism, 
90,  n.  3;  103  and  n.  2  ;  enemies 
to  learning,  131,  n.  2. 

Anagram,  296  and  n.  2. 

Anaxagoras,  the  Ionic  philosopher, 
242  and  n.  3 ;  243,  n.  1,  2  ;  opi- 
nion of,  248,  n.  2. 

Animalia,  129  and  n.  3. 

Animals,  slaughtered  by  priests, 
126  and  n.  1. 

Anothergates  adventure,  101  and 
n.  1. 

Anthroposophus,  nickname  of  Dr 
Vaughan,  26,  n.  1. 

Antinomian  principle,  182,  n.  4. 

Ants'  eggs,  97  and  n.  2. 

Antwerp  Cathedral,  216  and  n.  5. 

Apollo,  oracle  of,  156  and  n.  3, 
petitions  to,  49  and  n.  3. 

Appropinque,  105  and  n.  4. 

Aprons,  blue,  362  and  n.  1 

Aqua-vitae,  406  and  n.  2. 

Aquinas,  Thomas,  10,  n.  4. 

Arctophylax,  51  and  n.  I. 

Argyle,  Earl  of,  sneer  at,  206  and  n.  1. 

Arms,  the  law  of,  111,  n.  2;  112, 
U3,  115  andn.  I. 


IKDFX. 


421 


Arsie-Versie.  112  an  J  u.  2. 
Aruspicyand  Aupirv,  211  and  n.  6. 
Assembly  of  Divines.  .fS,  n.  7  ;  the 

great  porbillied  idol,  125,  n.  2. 
Astrologers,  impostures  of,  257  and 

n.  1. 
Astyaces,  Kinsof  Media,  his  dream, 

241  and  n.  1. 
Atoms,  theories  respecting,  -14,  n.  1 ; 

on   the   brains   of    animals,   259 

and  n.  1. 
Attorney,  confession  of  one,  312. 
.\iigurs,  determinations  of  the.  242 

n.  1. 
Augustus,  tale  respecting,  241  and 

n.  3. 
Averrhoes,  240 ;  some  account  of. 

240,  n.  3. 
Averruncate,  meaning  to  eradicate, 

34  and  n.  1. 
Ay,  me  !    what  perils  do   environ. 

Ice,  86. 

Babel,  labourers  of,  8. 
Backgammon.  369  and  n.  7. 

aeon,  Roger,  his  hrazen  head,  155, 

n.  3  ;  277,   n.   2;  some   account 

of,  220,  n.  2. 
Bairack,    Hoccamore,  and    Mum, 

406  and  n.  3. 
Bilker,  malignant,  387  and  n.  3. 
Baptism,  3)0  and  n.  2. 
Barber,    John,    monument    erected 

by,    to   the   memory   of   Butler, 

preface,  14. 
Barclay,  Dr,  on  shaving  the  beard, 

141,  n.  2. 
Bardashing,  278  and  n.  3. 
Barebones,   the   leather-seller,    232 

and  n.  2. 
Barnacles,   turn  soland  geese,   351 

and  n.  2. 
Barratry.  419  and  n.  5. 
Bassa,  the  illustrious,  168,  n.  3. 
Ba<sas,  406  and  n.  5. 
Bastile,  83. 

Battery,  action  of,  419  and  n.  1. 
Bear,  tubs  of  the,    1.30  and  n.  1 ; 

shortness  of  its  tail.  250  and  n.  1. 
Bear  bailing,  31  and  n.  1  :  custom 

ot  117,  n.  1. 


Beards,  custom  of  wearing,  14,  n.  3  ; 
15,  n.  2,3;  vow  respecting,  Is' 
n.  5;  respect  paid  to,  141  and 
n-  I,  2  ;  142,  n.  3 ;  importance 
of,  430. 

Be.isl,  a  game  at  cards,  304  and 
11-    3;  number  of  thr,    361   and 

''.     -1. 

Beaumont   and    Fletcher,   quoted 

96,  n.  1.  ^ 

Becaniis,  Goropius,  Teutonic  spoken 

in  Paradise,  II,  n.  2. 
Bed  of  Honour,  119  and  n.  3. 
Bees,  generation  of,  326  and  n.  2 
Behmen,  Jacob,  26,  n.  1 ;    238  and 

n.  4. 
Bell   and  the    Dragon's  chaplains, 

125,  n.  2. 
Berenice's  periwig,  247  and  n.  1. 
Biancafiore,  love  of  Florio  for,  168, 

n.  T. 
""jbles,  corrupted  texts  of,  326,371 

and  n.  1. 
Bilks,  227  ;  meaning  of  the  word 

227,  n.  3. 
Bill-running,  custom  of,  47,  n.  4. 
Birds,  the  speech  of,  26  and  n.  4  ; 
the  mute  of,  228  and  n.  5  ;  caught 
in  nets,  237  and  n.  1. 
Birtha,     supplants     the     Princess 

Khodalind,  58,  n.  3. 
Bishops,   outcry  against,  compared 
to  a  dog  with  a  black  and  white 
face,  63  and  n.  5. 
Blood,  transfusion  of  the,  264  and 

n.  1. 
Blows  that  bruise,  17  and  n.  I. 
Board,  a  two-inch  one,  412  and  n.  1. 
Board  her,  274  and  n.  3. 
Boccalini's      Advertisement      from 
Parnassus,    used    by  Butler,   49, 
n.  3. 
Bodin,    John,     an     eminent    geo- 
grapher. 249  and  n.  3. 
Bolter,  128;  a  coarse  sieve,  128,  n.  1. 
Bombastus,  kept  a  devil's  bird,  237 

and  n.  3. 
Bond,   Mr,  strange  sermon  of,  33, 

n.  2. 
Bongey,    a    Franciscan,    421    «nJ 
n.3. 

2o2 


452 


INDEX 


Boniface  VI 11.,  Pope,  127;  his 
ambition  and  insolence,  127,  n.  1. 

Bonner,  Bishop,  193  and  n.  5. 

Book  of  Sports,  32,  n.  1. 

Booker,  John,  the  astrologer,  226, 
n.  4  ;  257  and  n.  3. 

Boot,  on  the  stocks,  173  and  n.  5. 

Boots,  dissertation  upon,  59,  n.  4. 

Borgia,  Alexander,  149,  n.3. 

Borgia,  Lucretia,  151,  n.  3. 

Bosworth-field,  107,  n.  3. 

Boute-feus,  365  and  n.  2. 

Braggadocio  hutfer,  255  and  n.  3. 

Brand's  Antiquities,  223,  n.  3  ;  234, 
n.  2;  385,  n.  1. 

Brayed  in  a  mortar,  263  and  n.  6. 

Brazilians,  hardness  of  their  heads, 
155,  n.  4. 

Breeches,  large,  of  Henry  VIII., 
17,  n.  1. 

Brentford  Fair,  254. 

Bretheren,  333  and  n.  3. 

Bricklayers,  254  and  n.  4. 

Bridewell,  and  Houses  of  Correc- 
tion, 175  and  n.  2. 

Bright,  Henry, epitaph  on,  preface,  2. 

Broking-trade  in  love,  281  and  n.3. 

Brotherhood,  holy,  315  and  n.  1. 

Brothers  and  Sisters,  marriages  be- 
tween, 151  and  n.  2. 

Brown-bills,  .349  and  n.  1. 

Bruin,  the  bear,  his  birth,  parentage, 
and  education,  52  ;  overwhelmed 
by  Hiidibras,  75;  breaks  loose 
and  routs  the  rabble,  76  ;  is  pur- 
sued by  the  dogs,  87  ;  his  valiant 
resistance,  88  ;  rescued  by  TruUa 
and  Cenlon,  89  ;  laid  up  in  ordi- 
nary, 91. 

Brutus  and  Cassius,  contest  between, 
195,  n.  3. 

Bucephalus,  feared  his  own  shadow, 
145,  n.  3. 

Buckingham,  Duke  of  his  patron- 
age of  Butler,  preface,  11  ;  liis 
character  draun  by  the  poet,  12. 

BuU-feasIs,  at  Madrid,  272  and  n.  2. 

Bulwer's  Ariiticial  Changeling,  155, 
n.  4;    158,  n.  6;   102,  n.  2;    103, 
n.  .i;  278,  n.  3. 
Bum-bailiffs,  custom  of,  19,  n.  2. 


Burgess,  Daniel,  and  the  Cheshire 
cheese,  126,  n   4. 

Burial-oltice,  440,  n.  4. 

Burton,  Prynne.  and  Bastwick,  se- 
vere sentence  upon,  361,  n  2; 
honours  paid  lo,  366,  n.  3. 

Butcher,  his  dress  described,  72  and 
n.  2,  3. 

Buller,  Samuel,  some  account  of  his 
father.  Life,  i;  liis  birili,  i;  his 
education,  ii ;  his  schuol-fellows, 
ii ;  becomes  clerk  to  .Mr  .Jefl'eries, 
iii:  studies  painting,  iii;  hissitua- 
tion  with  the  Countess  of  Ki'Ut, 
iv;  ground-work  of  hisHudibras, 
iv ;  lives  in  the  service  of  Sir 
Samuel  Luke,  v  ;  popularity  of 
his  poem,  v;  various  editions  of 
it,  vi;  injunction  forbidding  any 
one  to  peruse  it,  \  i ;  its  high  esti- 
mation at  Courl,  vii ;  patronized 
by  Hyde  and  Dorset,  vii;  sensa- 
tion produced  by  the  publication  of 
his  poetn  of  Hndibras,  viii ;  ap- 
pointed Secretary  to  the  Earl  of 
Carberry,  viii ;  his  supposed  po- 
verty, ix  ;  his  residence  in  France, 
X  ;  his  observations  while  in  that 
country,  x ;  marries  Mrs  Her 
bert,  xi ;  the  Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham's high  opinion  of  liis  merits, 
xi ;  his  cliaracter  of  the  Duke, 
xii ;  his  death  and  funeral,  xiii; 
monument  to  his  niemury  in  St 
Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  xiii;  in- 
scription on  it,  xiv  ;  hismonument 
in  Westminster  Abbey,  xiv;  pro- 
positi'tn  to  erect  one  in  Covent 
Garden  Church,  xv ;  marble  tablet 
to,  in  Sirensliam  Church,  xv; 
work  published  as  his  RemainSi 
xvi ;  his  knowledge  ot  law-terms, 
xvi;  Dr  Johnson's  hirh  sense  of 
his  merits,  xvii ;  character  of  his 
great  poem,  xviii ;  translated  into 
French,  xix  ;  his  imitators,  xix  ; 
the  Satyre  Menippce,  xx  ;  great 
oliject  of  liis  satire,  xxi ;  ch.irac- 
ters  introduced  into  his  poem,  xxi; 
criticisms  on  it,  xviii. 
Butler's  Kemains  quoted,  255  and 


INDEX 


453 


n.  1;   2G0,  n.  3;  265  and  n.  1; 

■289,  n.  2 ;  3GG,  n   3. 
BiiUer,   refuses  to  come,  215   and 

n.  I. 
By-bels,  370  and  n.  1. 
Bytield,  Adoniram,  353  and  n.  3. 

Cabal,  or  Cabbala,  25  and  n.  I. 
Cabals,  Committees  of,  3G5  iind  n.  3. 
Cacus,  the  robber,  152,  n.  I. 
Cailmiis,  the  fable  of,  65,  n.  1. 
Cwsar,  hai  a  horse  with  corns  on 

his  toes,    21  and    n.  2;   stirrups 

not  in  use  in  his  time,  21,  n.  3; 

alluded  to,  55,  n.   2 ;    death  of, 

241  and  n.  2. 
Calamy  (the  Presbyterian  preacher), 

exhortations  of,  65,  n.  2;  353  and 

n.  1. 
Caldesed,  254  and  n.  3. 
Caliban,  278. 
Caliptila,  Emperor,  4)9  anl  r.   1  ; 

boa-sted  of  embracing  the  moon, 

2G9,  n.  2. 
Callcches,  362  and  n.  2. 
Cambay,  the  Prince  of,  his  offensive 

breath,  164. 
Camilla  of  Virgil's  .Sneid,  alluded 

to,  89,  n.  3. 
Camisado,  387,  n.  4. 
Cannon-ball,  230  and  n.  2. 
Cant,  derivation  of  tlie  word,  358 

and  n.  3. 
Capel,  Lord,  43,  n.  !. 
Caperdewsie,  166  and  n.  3. 
Capoched,194;  means  hocd-winked, 

194,  n.  2. 
Caps,  black,  lined  with  white,  124 

and  n.  3. 
Carazan,  a  province  of  Tartary,  cu- 
rious custom  in,  43,  n.  1. 
Carbcrry,  the  Earl    of,  Butler   ap- 
pointed Secretary  to,  preface,  8. 
Cardan,  belief  of,  2 19  ;  particulars 

respecting,  219,  n.  5. 
Cameades,  the  Academic,  6,  n.  4. 
Carriers'  packs  and  bells,  341  and 

n.  4. 
Carroches,  210,  402  and  n.  2. 
Carle's    Life    of    Ormonde,     422, 

n.  4. 


Carvajal,  Peter  and  John,  276. 
n.  1. 

Case,  the  Presbyterian  minister, 
sermons  of,  fil,  n.  1  ;  326,  n.  4  ; 
353  and  n.  1. 

Cassiopeia's  Chair,  247  and  n.  3. 

Catasta,  145;  a  cage  or  prison,  145, 
n.  5. 

Cats,  worshipped  by  the  Egyptians, 
34,  n.  7. 

Catterwauling  tricks,  292. 

Cautery,  the  use  of,  309  and  n.  1. 

Centaurs,  the,  315  and  n.  2. 

Cerberus,  wears  three  heads,  355. 

Cerdon,  the  one-eyed  cobbler,  58 
and  n.  6  ;  89,  95,  104,  108. 

Ceruse,  158  and  n.  5. 

Cervantes,  dignity  of,  preface,  23. 

Chcerephon,  '224  and  n.  5. 

Chair,  the  stercoriiry,  128,  n.  2. 

Chaldean  Conjurors,  250  and  n.  6. 

Chameleons,  said  to  live  on  air,  137, 
n.  3. 

Chancery-practice,  the  common 
forms  of,  187  and  n.  6. 

Charlatan,  a  quack  doctor,  366  and 
n.  2. 

Charles  I.,  war  between,  and  the 
Parliament,  31,  n.  2  ;  his  poUtirnl 
and  na/«ra/ person,  62,  n.  5  ;  Gs, 
n.  4;  Members  ordered  to  be 
prosecuted  by,  G3,  n.  4 ;  his  treat- 
ies with  the  rebel  army,  177,  n. 
2;  sale  of  his  estates,  3'28,  n.  5. 

Charles  II.,  speech  of,  30,  n.  4; 
treatment  of,  123. 

Charms,  maladies  cured  by,  223 
and  n.  3. 

Cheats  and  Impostors,  artifices  of, 
210  and  n.  1  ;  defeated  of  thei- 
aim,  .3.32  and  n.  4. 

Cheek  by  joul,  140  and  n.  2. 

Cheese,  where  to  cut  it,  126  and  n.  4. 

Cheshire,  remonstrance  oi'  the  gen- 
tlemen of,  to  Parliament,  12G,n.5. 

Chevy  Chase,  song  of,  quoted,  t(9, 
n.  1. 

Chickens,  counting  them  before  they 
are  hatched,  251  and  n.  2. 

Children,  frightening  of,  372  and 
n.  3. 


454 


INDEX. 


Chillingworth,   440,  n.  4. 
Chimaera,  130  ;  fable  of,  130,  n.  2. 
Chineses,    lie  in,    in    their   ladies' 

stead,  293  and  n.  2. 
Chiron,  the  Centaur,  47,  n.  2. 
Choused,  origin  of  the  word,   214, 

n.  6  ;  used,  254,  n.  3. 
•Christ,   his  attestation  to  the  piety 

of  woman,  2U3  and  n.  2. 
Christmas-day,  a  fast  and  feast,  13, 

n.  3. 
Church  militant,  explained,  12,  n.  4. 
Church,    plunder   of   the,  38U  and 

n.  3, 4. 
Church  dignitaries,  399,  n.  2. 
Church  livings,  312  and  n.  4. 
Clapper-clawing,  175  and  n.   1. 
Clap-up  souls,  321  and  n.  2. 
Clarendon,    Lord,    remarks    of,    3, 

n.  2;  62,  n.  5;  81,  n.  1. 
Clarges,  Anne,  mistress  of  General 

Monk,  430,  n.  2. 
Cleveland,    his  letter   to   the   Pro- 
tector, 114,  n.  3. 
Cloiho,  Lachesis,  and  Atropos,  the 

three  destinies,  16,  n.  1. 
Coachman,  the,  247  and  n.  2 
Coals,    extracted   from    wood,   151 

and  n.   7  ;     exorbitant  price  of, 

340  and  n.  4. 
Cobler  and  Vicar  of  Bray,  a  poem, 

15,  n.  5. 
Cock-a-hoop,  86  and  n.  4. 
Cock-crow,  superstition  respecting 

it,  322  and  n.4. 
Colon,  the  hostler,   his    character, 

60  and  n.  1;  alluded  to,  74,  103. 
Columbus,  discoveries  of,  242. 
Comet,   supposed   to  portend  some 

calamity,  14,  n.  4;  45,  n.  6 
Commissions,  thro^/n  up,  76. 
Committee-men,  7. 
Committee  of  Safety,  sneer  at  the, 

336  and  n.  2  ;  337  and  n.  3. 
Committees,  grievances  of,  70  and 

n.  4. 
Complexion,   man  judged    by  the, 

124,  n.  2. 
Conclave  and  Conventicle,  382  and 

n.  4. 
,    Confession-free,  309  and  n.  2. 


Conscience,  liberty  of,  34  ,  the  weal 
and  tear  of,  309  and  n.  4;  313 
and  n.  3  ;  356  and  n.  1. 

Conscience-stretchers,  421  and  n.  2. 

Consciences,  kept  in  cases,  172  and 
n.  2. 

Constellations,  called  houses,  230 
and  n.  1. 

ConstoUidation,  125,  n.  2. 

Consults,  332  and  n.  3. 

Cook,  solicitor,  employed  against  the 
king,  hanged  at  Tyburn,  387, 
n.4. 

Cooper,  Sir  Anthony  Ashley,  341. 
n.  6  ;  342,  n    i. 

Copernicus,  249  and  n.  1 . 

Cordeliere,  order  of,  15. 

Corona  Civica,  404  and  n.  3. 

Coscinomancy,  explained,  234,  n.  2 

Cossacks  of  the  Don,  52,  n.  3. 

Coughing  and  hemming,  7,  n.  4. 

Coursing,  a  University-term,  377 
and  n.  3. 

Covenant,  taking  of  the,  218  and 
n.  7  ;  260  and  n.  4  ;  363  and  n.  1. 

Covenanters,  declaration  of  the, 
177,  n.  3. 

Covenanting  Trustees,  321  and  n.  3. 

Covert-Baron.  200  and  n.  6. 

Covin,  a  term  in  law,  413  and 
n.  1. 

Cow,  print  of,  the  emblem  of  the 
Commonwealth,  39,  n.  4. 

Cow-itch,  279  and  n.  4. 

Coy,  301  and  n.  2. 

Cranfield,  his  panegyric  on  Tom 
Coriate,  6,  n.  1. 

Crincum-Crancum,  293. 

Crisis,  146  and  n.  5. 

Croft,  Herbert,  Bishop  of  Hereford 
400. 

Cromwell,  Colonel,  anecdote  of, 
33,  n.  5. 

Cromwell,  Oliver,  joke  upon,  19, 
n.  7;  his  conduct  to  Lord  Capel, 
81,  n.  1 ;  prudence  of,  103,  n.  3; 
anecdote  of,  177,  n.  1 ;  declaration 
of,  179,  n.  1  ;  (urns  out  the  Par- 
liament, 179  and  n.  6;  filthy  con- 
duct of,  207,  n.  4 ;  hurricane  at 
the  lime  of  his  dea.h,  ^^and  n.  3 


INDEX. 


455 


Cromwell,  Richard,  40,  n.  1 ;  335, 

n.  5. 
Crook  and  Hutton,  361  and  n.  5. 
Cross  and  Pile,  25S  and  n.  1  ;  292. 
Crowdero,  the  fiddler,  character  of, 

4G  ;  alluded  to,    76,   77,  78,  80, 

82,83,84,  117. 
Crowds  and  bases,  172  and  n.  3. 
Crows,  belief  respecting,    105  and 

n.  2  ;  birds  of  ill-omen,  241,  n.  4. 
Croysado,  General,  375  and  n.  2. 
Crup,  323  and  n.  1. 
Cuckinp-stool,  202  and  n.  I. 
Ciickolds,  lepil,  289  and  n.  3  ;  their 

names   invoked   in  carving,    186 

and  n.  1. 
Cudgels,  crossing  of  the, 328  and  n.  3. 
Cully-sex,  429  and  n.  2. 
Culprits,  held  up  their  hand  at  their 

trial,  2<J0  and  n.  5. 
Curnmdgin,  193  and  n.  1. 
Curulc,  32  and  n.  2  ;   202. 
Cut-purse,  70  ;  meaning  of  the  term, 

70  and  n.  3. 
Cutpurse,  Moll,  57. 

Dalilahs,  372  and  n.  4. 
Damosels,  distressed,  165  and  n.  1. 
Dancing  jigs,  432  and  n.  2. 
Darius,  the  horse  of,  47,  n.  5. 
Darkness,    the  Secular  Prince   of, 

258  and  n.  3. 
Datura,  properties  of,  280. 
Davenant,  Sir  William,  2,  n.  2 ;  58, 

n.  4;  46,  n.  1  ;  56,  n.  4. 
Dt'alh,  from  fear,  143,  n.  1 ;  sudden, 

2.V2  and  n.  2 ;  would  not  depart, 

290  and  n.  2. 
Dee,  Dr  John,  the  reputed  magician, 

220;    some  account   of,  220,  n. 

4;  221;  his  angelical  stone,  237, 

n.  4. 
Dcmocrinis,   the  laughing  philoso- 
pher, 139  and  n.  2. 
Dennis.  Mr,  inscription  written  by, 

preface,  15. 
Deodand,  meaning  of  the  term,  440 

and  n.  1. 
Dependences,  doctrine  of,  355  and 

n.  5. 
Desborough,  337  and  n.  2. 


Destinies,  the  three,  16,  n.  1. 

Devil,  the,  pulling  his  beard,  95  and 
n.  5  ;  beat  a  drum,  140  and  n.  3  ; 
ledger  sent  lo,  215  and  n.  3  ;  ap- 
peared to  Luther,  216  and  n.  4  ; 
charms  for  raising,  235  and  n.  5; 
his  oracles,  316  and  n.  3  ;  tempt- 
ations of  the,  320  and  n.  2  ;  hi; 
mother,  327  and  n.  4. 

Dewtry,  279  and  n.  6. 

Dial,  true  to  the  sun,  333  and  n.  2. 

Dialecticiis,  129  and  n.  1. 

Dido,  story  of,  22,  n.  4. 

Digby,  Sir  Kenelni,  4,  n.  4  ;  146, 
n.  4 ;  his  book  on  bodies,  162,  n. 
3;  sneered  at,  351,  n.  1. 

Diodorus  Siculus,  curious  peon.e 
described  by,  8,  n.  2 ;  alluded  to, 
380,  n.  2. 

Diomedes,  King  of  Thrace,  his 
horses,  60,  n.  2. 

Directory,  the,  194  and  n.  4. 

Dirty  L.-ine,  149  and  n.  5. 

Disciplinarians,  doctrine  of  the,  36, 
n.  1  ;    122.  n.  4. 

Disparata,  133  and  n.  1. 

Dispensations,  out-goings,  &c.,  79, 
n.  b. 

Dissenters,  left  each  other  in  the 
lurch,  260  and  n.  1  ;  their  affect- 
ed sanctity,  285  and  n.  1 ;  doc- 
trine of  the,  370,  n.  4. 

Distrain  on  soul  and  body,  321  and 
n.  6. 

Diurnals,  or  daily  papers,  87  and  n. 
2;   138  and  n.  1. 

Divorces,  judges  of,  290  and  n.  1. 

Doctor,  epidemic,  54  and  n.  5. 

Dog,  draws  his  chain  after  him,  213 
and  n.  I  ;  a  cunning  one,  219 
and  n.  2,  3. 

Dog-bult,  136  and  n.  5. 

Doggerel,  227,  n.  1. 

Dole,  a  common  saying,  107  and 
n.  2. 

Doll,  Common,  316  and  n.  6. 

Don  Quixote,  routs  a  flock  of  sheep, 
54  and  n.  2 ;  roniaik  of,  17,  n.  3 ; 
penance  of,  1 68  and  n.  2 ;  to 
Sancho,  195,  n.  2. 

Donship,  398  and  n.  3 


456 


Don  Teniae,  a  romance,  438,  n.  4. 
Donzel,  234 ;  meaning  of  the  term, 

234,  n.  3. 
Dorset,    Lord,    his    admiration    of 

Hudibras,  preface,  7. 
Doubtless  the  pleasure  is  as  great, 

of  being  cheated,  &c.,  210. 
Douce  in  water,  154  and  n.  1. 
Dover,  284. 
Downing,  Dr,  ahsolves  the  Puritans 

taken   at    Brentford   from    their 

oaths,   185,  n.   1. 
Drazels,  303;  meaningof  the  word, 

303,  n.  2. 
Dress,  French  fashion  of,  116,  n.  1. 
Drudging,  or  drudgery,  19. 
Druids,  money    borrowed    bv    the, 

253  and  n.  1. 
Drum-heads,  263  and  n.  4. 
Dryden,  his  censure  of  Butler,  pre- 
face, 23. 
Duck  and  drake,  224  and  n.  2. 
Ducking-stool,    account    of,    202, 

n.  1. 
Dudgeon,  civil,  3;    a  short  sword 

or  dagger,  19,  n.  4. 
Dun,  the  hangman,  386  and  n.  1. 
Duns  Scotus,  10,  n.  4. 
Dysart,  Lady,  430,  n.  2. 

Ears,  pricking  np  of  3,  n.  6  ;  to  see 
with,  395  and  n.  3. 

Earth-worms,  their  impotence,  344 
and  n.  1. 

Echo,  dialogue  with,  93. 

Efficace,  351  and  n.  3. 

Eggs,  mystical  import  of,  200  and 
n.  4  ;  on  trying  sound  from,  264, 
n.  3. 

Egyptians,  their  worship  of  dogs 
and  cats,  34  and  n.  7. 

Elenchi,  128  and  n.  3. 

Elephants,  said  to  be  in  the  moon, 
229,  n.  3. 

Elfs  and  Goblins  derived  from 
Guelphs  and  Ghibellines,  355, 
n.  7. 

Empedocles,  a  Pythagorean  philoso- 
pher and  poet,  42,  n.  1  ;  248 ; 
some  account  of,  248,  n.  3  ;  de- 
claration of,  291. 


Engagement,  the,  178  and  n.  5. 
England,  successful  in  war,  448  and 

n.  1. 
English  Moll,  56  and  n.  6. 
Enucleate,  213  and  n.  4. 
Ephesians,  384  and  n.  1. 
Erased,  402  and  n.  3. 
Essex,  Earl    of,   179  and   n.  1,  2; 

forced   to   resign   his   command, 

375  and  n.  2. 
Evelyn,  thinks  Adam  and  Eve  had 

no  navels,  1 1,  n.  3. 
Excommunication,  321  and  n.  5. 
Executions  and  exigents,   305  and 

n.  2. 
Exempts  of  saints,  351  and  n.  2. 
Exigent,  or  writ,  19,  n    1. 
Expedient,   180  ;    a  term  used   by 

the    Sectaries,    180,   n.   2;    348, 

n.2. 
Eye,  white  of  the,  285  and  n.  I. 

Facet  doublet,  158  and  n.  3. 

Facetiae  Facttiarum,  47,  n.  1. 

Fadged,  327  and  n.  6. 

Faggots,  381  and  n.  3. 

Fairies,  belief  respecting,  302,  n.  3. 

Faith,  not  due  to  the  wicked,  183 

and  n.  3. 
Fame,    humorous    description    of, 

137,  n.  2,  4;   138  and  n.  5. 
Fanshawe,  his  translation  of  Horace, 

251  an.l  n.  1. 
Farthingale,  18  and  n.  1. 
Fast  and  loose,  game  of,  343  and 

n.  4. 
Fear,  groundless,  -396  and  n.  2. 
Felony,    compounding    of,   a  penal 

offence,  226,  n.  3. 
Ferdinand  IV.   of    Spain,  his    sin- 
gular death,  276,  n.  1. 
Fermentation  of  liquors,  old  notion 

respecting,  146,  n.  4. 
Field,  Mr,  charge  against,  327. 
Fifih-Monarchv    men,    337,    n.    1 

.3s3and  n.  l! 
Fighting   and    running   awav,   106 

and  n.  1  ;  403  n.  I . 
Fines,  on  faith  and  love,  301  and  n. 

3  ;  303 ;  signiticalion  of,  .303,  r    1, 
Fingle-fangle,  411. 


INDEX. 


457 


Fire-fork,  256,  3.  '2. 

Fish,  speculrtlions  about,  182,  n.  3. 

Fisher,  Jnsper,  3G3 ;  some  account 
of,  3(53,  n.  2. 

Fisk,  Ihe  astrologer,  228  ;  particu- 
lars respecting,  228,  n.  4. 

I'it,  playing  a,  173  and  n.  4. 

Filters,  272  ;  meaning  of  the  word, 
272.  n.  1. 

Flagelhmts,  amatorial,  of  Spain,  166, 
n.  2. 

Flea,  its  long  jump,  224,  n.  5. 

Fleetwood,  the  son-in-law  of  Crom- 
well, 337  and  n.  2. 

Flesh  is  grass,  6U  and  n.  3. 

Flies,  wasps,  and  hornets,  M,  n.  3. 

Florio,  and  Biiincaliore,  168  and 
n.  5. 

Fludd,  Robert,  26,  n.  1. 

Foot,  the  right  to  be  put  foremost, 
241,  u.  3. 

Fop-doodle,  254  .-ind  n.  1 

Ford,  Mr,  sermons  of,  61,  n.  1. 

Foulis,  Mr,  story  told  by,  183,  n.  5. 

Fowl-catiliing,  210  and  n.  4. 

Fox,  cunning  of  the,  258  and  n.  4  ; 
weighs  geese,  291,  n.  5. 

Franc-pledge,  view  01*  185  and  n.  4. 

Freedom,  conferred  by  a  blow,  144 
and  n.  1. 

French  goods,  294  and  n.  1. 

Fulham's,  160;  a  cant  word,  160, 
D.  1. 

Gabardine,  104  ;   a  coarse  robe,  or 

mantle,  104,  n.  1. 
Galen  and  Paracelsus,  412  and  n.  3. 
Galileo,  observations'  of,  2  12,  n.  2. 
Gallows,  fear  of  tt      357  and  n.  1. 
Ganzas,  or  geese,  24o  and  11.  1. 
Garters,  new,  304  and  n.  6. 
Gascoign,  Sir  Bernard,  respited,  84, 

n.  3. 
Gath,  men  of,  33-t. 
Gazettes,  405  and  n.  1. 
Generation  on  Faith,  269  and  n.  I. 
Genethliacks,  or  Chaldeans,  2 10  and 

n.  4. 
Gentee,  163  and  n.  4. 
Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  2,  n.  1. 
Geomancy,  3U8  and  n.  I. 


George-R-Greon,  193  and  n.  4. 

Gill,  or  girl,  201  and  n.  2. 

Gizards,  spiritual,  355  and  n.  2. 

Glass,  the  multiplying.  280  and  n.  5. 

Gleavcs,  or  swords,  349  and  n.  2. 

Glory  and  shame,  145  and  n.  2. 

Glow-worm,  its  luminous  tail,  2.30 
and  n.  4. 

God,  a  child  of,  312  and  n.  1. 

Godwin,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Here- 
ford, his  astronomical  romance, 
245,  n.  1. 

Godwyn,  Dr  Thomas,  199,  n.  2. 

Gold  and  silver,  marked  by  the  sun 
and  moon  in  chemistry,  153,  n.  1. 

Gondibert,  preferred  a  country  lass, 
58  and  n.  3. 

Goodwin,  Thomas,  a  Calvinistic  In- 
dependent, 199  and  n.  2. 

Gossip,  tattling,  139  and  n.  1,3. 

Government,  not  to  be  upheld  with- 
out the  aid  of  poetry,  58,  n.  4. 

Grace,  introduced  by  sin,  375  and 
n.  1. 

Grandier,  the  curate  of  Loudua 
217,  n.  3. 

GratiiE  Ludentes,  an  old  book,  22, 
n.  1. 

Gre.tt  cry  and  little  wool,  37,  n.  1. 

Grecn-hastings,  263  and  n.  3. 

(!reen-men,  293  and  n.  .3. 

Gregory  VII.,  Pope,  his  insolence 
and  ambition,  127  and  n.  1. 

GreshaTu-earts,  323  and  n.  2. 

Grey,  Ur,  suppositions  of,  98,  n.  4  ; 
164,  n.  2  ;  anecdote  related  bv, 
115,  n.  2;  stories  told  by,  19il 
n.  1;  192,  n.  2;  316,  n.5;  al- 
luded to,  195,  n.  1,  3;  202,  n.  5. 

Grey  mare  the  belter  horse,  200 
and  n.  5. 

Grizel,  patient,  72  and  n.  4. 

Grosted,  Bob,  220  and  n.  2. 

Groves,  culling  down  of,  338  and 
n.  4. 

Gnelphs  and    Gibellines,   355   .inj 

n.  7. 
Gunjiowdcr  plot,  .382,  n.  2. 
Guts  in  's  brains,  121  and  n.  2. 
Guy,    Karl    of    Warwick,    54    aiii] 
3.1. 


458 


INDEX. 


Gymnosophists,  219 ;  a  sect  of  In- 
dian philosophers,  219,  n   1. 

Habergeon,   104;  its   signification, 

104,  n.  2. 
Hab-nab,  253  and  n.  3. 
Hales,  Alexander,  10,  n.  4. 
Halfpenny,  dropped  in  shoes,  317 

and  n.  1. 
Hall,  Thomas,  preface,  2. 
Hiilter-proof,  273  and  n.  1. 
Handbook    of  Proverbs,  9,  n.  3; 

193,  n.  2,  3 ;  200,  n.  5 ;  207,  n,  2 ; 

241,  n.  3;  251,  n.  2;  259,  n.  4. 
Handmaids,   a  puritan  expression, 

206  and  n.  1. 
Hangman's  wages,  358  and  n.  1. 
Hans-Towns,  336  and  n.  5. 
Hard  words  ridiculed,  7,  n.  5, 
Hardiknnte,  30B  and  n.  5. 
Hares,  sexes  of,  201  and  n.  1. 
Harrington,   Sir  John,  quoted,  93, 

n.  4. 
Harrison,  the  regicide,  8!,  n.  3. 
Hatto,   Bishop,  eaten  by  rats  and 

mice,  143  and  n.  3. 
Hant-gouts,   douillies,    or  ragouts, 

158  and  n.  I. 
Have  and  to  hold,  288  and  n.  4. 
Hawkers  and  interlopers,  417,  n.  1. 
Hazard  noses,  167  and  n.  4, 
Hazel-bavin,  387  and  n.  2. 
Hazlerig,    Sir    Arthur,    particulars 

respecting,  386,  n.   1 ;  387,  n.  1, 

2  ;  his  lobsters,  409,  n.  2. 
He  that  fights  and  runs  away,  106, 

n.  1;   403,  n    1. 
Heaven,    the    Saints'   emp.oyment 

there,  427,  n.  1. 
Head,   the   brazen,   55 ;    device  of 

the,  55,  n.  5. 
Heart-breakers,  or  curls,  15,  n.  2. 
Hebrew  roots,  6. 

Hector,  stunned  by  Ajax,  78,  n.  1. 
Hemp,  on  wooden  anvils,  281  and 

n.  1. 
Hemp-plot,  328  and  n.  4. 
Henderson,  377  ;  hisdealh,  377,  n.  1. 
Henry  VIII.,  his  siege  of  Boulogne, 
17,  n.  2;  anecdote  of  his  parrot, 
26,  n.  5. 


Herbert,  Mrs,  married   to  Butler 

preface,  11,  15. 
Hercules,   cleansed  the  stables   ol 

Augeas,  60  and  n.  4 ;  bewails  the 

loss  of  Hylas,  92  and  n.  4 ;  the 

kill-cow,  148  and  n.  3. 
Hermaphrodite,  292. 
Hermes  Trismegistus,  51,  n.  2. 
Hermetic-men,  280  and  n.  1. 
H  erring,  as  dead  as  a,  259  and  n.  4. 
Hertfordshire  petition,  66,  n.  3. 
Hewson,  Colonel,  26,  n.  6 ;  56,  n. 

4  ;  377,  n.  4. 
Heylin,  Dr,  43,  n.  1. 
Hiccius  doctius,  415  and  n.  4  ;  420. 
High  Court  of  Justice,  instituted, 

186  and  n.  2. 
Highwayman's  advice,  154,  n.  3. 
Hockley,  118,  n.  2. 
Hocus-pocus,  420  and  n.  2. 
Hoghan   Moghan,    190 ;    318    and 

n.  2. 
Holbom,  cavalcade  of,  345  and  n.  3. 
Holding-forth,  226 ;  meaning  of  the 

term,  226,  n.  2. 
HoUis,  341,  n.  6. 
Honour,  like  a  glassy  bubble,  188 

and  n.  3 ;    the  seat  of,  256  and 

n.  3. 
Hopkins,  cruelty  of,  215,  n.  5;  trial 

of,  216,  n.  3. 
Horoscope,  222,  n.  3 ;  253  and  n.  2. 
Horses,   afflicted  with  sciatica,  98, 

n.  1 ;  custom  of  tolling  at  fairs, 

161  and  n.  6. 
Horse-shoes  on   stable-doors,    223 

and  n.  4. 
Hotham,  Sir  John,  his  condemna- 
tion, 187,  n.  1. 
Hour-glass,  used  in  preaching,  120 

and  n.  1. 
House  of  Lords,  declared  useless, 

179,  n.  5. 
Howel's  Life  of  LouU  XIIL,  150, 

n.  1. 
Buckle,  76,  meaning  of  the  word, 

76,  n.  3. 
Hudibras,  poem  of,  its  publication, 

Life,    v;    injunction    forbidding 

any  one  to  print  it,  vi ;  its  recep* 

tion  at  Court,  vii;   admired  b) 


INDEX. 


459 


Lord  Dorset,  vil ;  its  rasl  popu- 
larity, yii;  publication  of  the  third 
part  of,  xiii;  variety  of  knowledge 
displayed  in  it,  xWi ;  characters  in 
it,  xviii,  xxi ;  its  host  of  imitators, 
xix ;  compared  to  the  Satyre 
MenipptV,  xx  ;  its  wonderful  in- 
fluence, xxi ;  probable  derivation 
of  the  name,  'i,  n.  1. 
Hudibras,  Sir,  his  character,  4 ;  rides 
out  a-colonelling,  4  ;  his  learning, 
6 ;  his  language,  8 ;  his  religion, 
12  ;  his  beard,  14  ;  his  person,  10  ; 
his  dress,  17  ;  his  arms,  18;  his 
steed,  21 ;  his  speech  on  bear- 
bailing,  31  ;  his  defence  of  Sy- 
nods, 36;  advances  to  disperse 
the  rabble,  Ifi ;  his  sjieech,  61  ; 
encounters  Talgol,  72 ;  is  dis- 
mounted, and  falls  on  the  bear, 
75  ;  assailed  by  Crowdero,  76  j 
rescued  by  Ralpho,  77  ;  his  tri- 
umphal procession,  82;  commits 
Crowdero  to  the  stocks,  61;  re- 
tires to  rest,  96;  his  love-adven- 
ture recounted.  97  ;  his  amorous 
soliloquy,  99  ;  sets  out  to  visit 
the  widow,  100 ;  intercepted  by 
the  rabble,  101 ;  his  harangue, 
101  ;  his  method  of  attack,  102; 
struck  down  by  Colon  with  a 
stone,  103 ;  wounds  Magnano, 
ltJ4;  his  despond  mg  speech,  105; 
rallies,  106;  attacked  by  Orsin 
and  Cerdon,  108  ;  exults  in  his 
supposed  victory,  109  ;  encour- 
ages Ralpho,  110;  dismounted 
byTrulla,  111  ;  attempts  to  bully 
Trulla,  112;  combats  with,  and 
is  defeated  by  her,  113  ;  submits 
to  her  mercy,  115;  led  captive  in 
procession,  117;  committed  to 
thf:  stocks,  118;  his  philosophy. 
119;  defends  Synods  from  the 
aspersions  of  Ralpho,  121,  129, 
1.30  ;  visited  by  the  widow,  1.39  ; 
his  confusion  on  seeing  her,  140; 
his  conference  with  her,  141 ;  his 
philosophical  contempt  of  pain, 
142  ;  his  defence  of  beating,  145 ; 
bis  arguments  in  favour  of  mutual 


love,  1 47  ;  asserts  the  irresisti- 
bility of  love,  148;  his  eulogium 
on  riches,  153 ;  his  high-flown 
professions  of  love,  156  ;  engages 
to  submit  to  flagellation,  169  ;  is 
set  at  liberty,  169  ;  retires  to  rest, 
1 70  ;  rises  to  perform  his  pen.ance, 
174;  his  scruples  of  conscience, 
174;  desires  Ralpho's  advice, 
175  ;  his  arguments  in  favour  of 
perjury,  184  ;  suggests  whipping 
by  proxy,  191  ;  appoints  Ralpho 
his  substitute,  191  ;  threatens 
him,  on  his  refusal  to  oliiciate, 
192 ;  draws  to  chastise  him,  195  ; 
alarmed  by  the  approach  of  the 
Skimmington,  196  ;  his  observa- 
tions on  the  procession,  199;  re- 
solves to  oppose  it,  202 ;  his 
speech  to  the  multitude,  203 ; 
attacked  with  missiles,  205  ;  takes 
to  flight,  206 ;  his  consolatory 
speech,  206  ;  sets  out  for  the  wi- 
dow's house,  212;  his  doubts  :•! 
success,  212  ;  resolves  to  consult 
a  conjuror,  219  ;  visits  Sidrophel, 
2.32 ;  his  conference  with  him, 
233;  ridicules  astrology,  234; 
his  arguments  respecting  astro- 
nomy, 248  ;  his  altercatiou  with 
Sidrophel.  253  ;  vanquishes  Si- 
drophel and  Whiichum,2.56 ;  cross- 
examines  their  pockets,  257  ;  is 
deceived  and  scared  by  Sidrophel, 
259  ;  resolves  to  leave  Ralpho  in 
the  lurch,  260  ;  flies,  261  ;  pro- 
ceeds to  visit  the  widow,  271  ; 
arrives  at  her  ho\ise,  274  ;  his 
address  to  her,  275  ;  relates  his 
exploits  and  sufi'erings,  277  ;  is 
interrupted  and  contradicted  by 
the  widow,  276  ;  protests  his  ve- 
racity, 285 ;  defends  the  institu- 
tion of  marriage,  297  ;  alarniid 
by  the  supposed  approach  of  Si- 
drophel, .3()l)  ;  enlrenches  himself 
beneath  a  table,  307  ;  isdiscovered 
and  dragged  out  of  his  hiding-place 
by  the  devils,  .308  ;  is  cudgelle.i 
and  catechised,  309 ;  ciinres>es 
his  treachery,  309  ;  expounds  hiji 


4,60 


moEX. 


principles,  310  ;  left  to  his  medi- 
tations in  the  dark,  314;  is  jeered 
by  an  unseen  spirit,  315 ;  his 
controversy  with  the  spirit,  317; 
escapes  by  the  spirit's  assistance, 
323;  his  flight,  321;  discovers 
his  champion  to  be  Ralpho,  397  ; 
finds  he  has  been  out-witted,  400  ; 
re-assunies  his  courage,  401  ; 
harangues  on  the  art  of  war,  407  ; 
ridicules,  but  adopts,  Ralpho's 
advice,  413;  repairs  to  counsel 
learned  in  the  law,  415  ;  his  con- 
ference with  the  lawyer,  417; 
resolves  to  address  a  letter  to  the 
widow,  423  ;  his  epistle,  424 ; 
despatches  it  by  his  Squire,  435  ; 
the  lady's  answer  to  the  Knight, 
436. 

Hue  and  cry,  161  and  n.  3. 

Huffer,  meaning  of  the  word,  255 
and  n.  3. 

Hugger-ningger,  95  and  n.  4 ;  156 ; 
399  and  n.  1. 

Hugo,  sciiut-master  to  Gondiberl, 
46,  n.  1. 

Human  species,  its  original  forma- 
tion, 296  and  n.  3. 

Hums  and  hahs,  374  and  n.  2. 

Hutchinson,  Dr,  his  Essay  on 
Witchcraft,  215,  n.  5;  216,  n.  3. 

Hypocrisy,  the  sin  of,  310. 

Ibrahim,  the  illustrious  Bassa,  168, 

n.  3. 
Ichneumon,    or    water-rat   of    the 

Nile.  34,  n.  8. 
Ideas,  not  in  the  soul,  25,  n.  3. 
Idus  and  Calendae,  251  and  n.  1. 
Ignorance,  asserted  to  be  the  mother 

of  devotion,  98,  n.  3. 
Imps  and  Teats,  395  and  n.  2. 
Independents,  sneer  at  the.  111,  n. 

l;alludedto,  120,n.  2;  121,u.  1  ; 

enemies  to   learning,   131,  n.  2  ; 

their  mental  reservations,  174,  n. 

4;   175,  n.  1  ;     their  dexterity  in 

intrigue,  193,  n.  6  ;    treachery  of 

the,   273,   u.    3 ;     doings  of   the, 

319  ;    have  no  power,  320  and  n. 

1 ;  their  enthusiasm,  321  and  n. 


I  ;  charged  with  a\tering  a  text 
of  Scripture,  326,  n.  5  ;  a  kind 
of  church  draizoons.  331  and  n. 
2 ;  their  charges  agiiinst  the  Pres- 
byterians, 376,  n.  3. 

Indian  lake,  158  and  n.  5. 

Indians,  362  and  n.  5  ;  sacrifice  to 
their  idols,  1 75  and  n.  3 ;  their 
actions,  362  and  n.  5 ;  their 
dames,  438  and  n.  3. 

Infants,  exchange  of  302  and  n.  2. 

Insane,  influenced  at  the  change  and 
full  of  the  moon,  314  and  n.  3. 

Insect  weed,  .395  and  n.  1. 

Inward  ears,  274  and  n.  2. 

Inward  light,  285  ;  306. 

Ion,  his  address  to  his  mother  Creu 
sa,  50,  n.  3. 

Irish  Soldiers,  with  Tails,  163, 
n.  3. 

Iron,  86  and  n.  1  ;  burns  with  cold, 
291  and  n.  2. 

Ironside,  306  and  n.  2. 

Island,  with  four  seas,  289  and 
n.  2. 

Isle  of  Wight,  Treaty  of,  377. 

Issachar,  the  tribe  of,  263,  n.  1 . 

Jackson,  a  milliner,  46,  n.  3. 
Jacob's  Staff,  245  and  n.  2. 
Jail,  perpetual,  391  and  n.  2. 
James,  King,  his  Daemonology,  154, 

n.  2. 
Jarre,    Chevalier,  died  from   fear, 

14.3,  n.  1. 
Jealousies   and  Fears,  use   of  the 

words,  3,  n.  4. 
JefTeries,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Life,  iii. 
Jefl'erys,  Judge,   anecdote  of,  313, 

n.  4. 
Jesuits,    their    equivocations,    174 

and  n.  4;  evasions,  183  and  n.  5. 
Jesus  Christ,  his  expected  appear- 
ance, 337  and  n.  1. 
Jewish  Tribes,  382  and  n.  1. 
Jezebel,  .399,  410. 
Jiggumbobs,  272  and  n.  4. 
Jimmers,  Sarah,  257  and  n.  3. 
Joan  of  Arc,  56  andn.  6;  445  ;  par 

ticniars  respecting,  445,  n.  2. 
Joan,  Pope,  198,  n.  5;  128,  n.  2. 


TITDEX. 


4G1 


Jobhj-molcs,  3G0  and  n.  2  ;  3G7  nnd 

n.  5 ;  370  and  n.  '2. 
Jockeys,  iiidiinger  their  neiks,  3"21 

and  n.  I . 
John  nf  Leyden,  336 ;  some  account 

of,  33U,  n.  6. 
Johns  of  Stiles  to  Joans  of  Nokcs, 

•28y  and  n.  6. 
Jonson,  Ben.  his  "  Silent  Woman," 

18,  n.  -1. 
Joseph's  divinins-cap,  24,  n.  4. 
Joyce,  (^ornct,  1'2,  n.  5. 
Jump,  punctual.  286  and  n.  1. 
Juno,  the  sacred  geese  of,  245  and 

n.  4. 
Justices  of  the  Peace,  7;  duty  of, 

9,  n.  1  ;   G9,  n.  2. 
Juvarc,  liJO  and  n.  1. 

Kelly,  the  devil  appears  to,  217  and 

n.  2;    jiarliculars  respecting,  220 

and  n.  5 ;  feats  of,  237. 
Kingston.  Maypole-idol  at,  253  and 

n.  4. 
Knightsliridge,  372  and  n.  2. 
Knights,  errant,  not  accustomed  to 

eating  and  drinking,  17;  of  the 

post,  2N  and  n.   i  ;  213  and  n.  3  ; 

422  and  n.  2  ;  degraded,  437  ami 

n.  1. 
Kircher,  Athanasius,  .388,  n.  6. 
Kvrle,  the  man  of  Ross,   186  and 

n.  1. 

Ladies,  ride  astride,  58  and  n.  1  ; 
conversant  with  the  healing  art, 
1.36,  n.  2;  the  Parliament  of, 
205,  n.  2  ;  of  the  Lakes,  299  and 
n.  2 ;  of  the  post,  439  and  n.  2. 

Lambert,  337  and  n.  2. 

Lamps,  perpetual,  of  the  ancients. 
147  an<l  n.  2. 

L.ance,  an  iron  one,  256  and  n.  1. 

Land  and  Water  Saints,  70  and 
n.  1. 

Landered,  170  and  n.  2. 

Laocoon,  at  the  siege  of  Troy,  39, 
n.  3. 

Lapland  m.iei,  308  and  n.  2. 

LarKs,  cntcliing  tJiem  at  night,  ilO 
and  n.  .3. 


Laski,  .\lberlns,  particular?  re- 
specting, 221. 

Law,  purpose  of  the,  180  i\nd  n.  5. 

Laws  and  hate,  332  and  n.  1. 

Lawyers,  compared  with  the  hear- 
ward,  48  and  n.  6  ;  sentenced  to 
lose  iheir  ears,  91,  n.  3  ;  practices 
of,  211  and  u.  2  ;  wisdom  of,  412 
and  n.  1  ;  quarrels  of,  413  and 
n.  I  ;  severe  strictures  upon,  414 
and  n.  I. 

Lay-elder,  127  and  n.  4. 

Leaders,  victoriousstyleof,  101,  n.  3, 

League  and  Covenant.  See  Solemn 
League  and  Covenant. 

Leaguer-lion's  skin,  148  and  n.  4. 

Learned,  that  is.  taught,  352  and  n.  3 

Learning,  ancient  and  modern,  45, 
n.  1  ;  cried  down,  131,  n.  2. 

Lechers,  433  and  n.  2. 

Lecimes,  morning  and  evening, 
210.  n.  3. 

Leech,  skilful.  52. 

Leg,  wooden,  oath  taken  by  the, 
82,  n.  '2. 

Lenthall,  the  bulls  of,  364  and 
n.  2. 

Lescus,  220.      See  Laski. 

L'Estrange,  Sir  Roger,  1  ;  his  key 
to  Hudibras,  127,  n.  G;  alluded 
to,  178,  n.  3;  180,  n.  1  ;  181,  n. 
2  ;   187,  n.  6. 

Levellers,  or  root  and  br.anch  men, 
.■'40  and  n.  6. 

Level,  197  and  n.  3. 

Lewkner's  Lane,  299  and  n.  1. 

Liars,  the  founder  of,  431  and  n.  I. 

Light,  new,  and  Prophecy,  244  and 
n.  3. 

Like  hermit  poor,  a  song,  quoted 
84,  n.  2. 

Lilburn,  Colonel  John,  some  ac- 
count of,  .344,  n.  3 ;  345,  n.  1 ; 
arraiirnedfor  treason,  34G  and  n.  1. 

Lilly,  William,  the  famous  astrolo- 
ger, 8,  n.  4;  56,  n.  1;  214,  n.  '2, 
6;  218,  n.  1,  '2.  and  3;  219.  n. 
4;  221,  n.  2;  '22.3,  n.  1  ;  '226,  n. 
4  ;  -228,  n.  3;  2.32,  n.  1 ;  '25.5,  n.  2  ; 
257  and  n.  3 ;  262 ;  282  and  n.  1 

Lincoln's  Inn,  422  and  n.  3. 


4G2 


INDEX. 


Linsey-Woolsey,  127  and  n.  7  ;  340 

and  n   1. 
Linstock,  or  Linden-stock,  205  and 

n.  4. 
Little  Sodom,  149  and  n.  5. 
Lituigy-indenture,  300  and  a.  3. 
Lob's  pound,  115  ;  a  cant  term  for 

the  jail  or  the  slocks,  115,  n.  2. 
Lobsters,  409  ;  a  regiment  so  nick- 
named, 409,  n.  2. 
London,  energy  of  the  ladies  of, 

204  and  n.  4 ;  the  great  Plague 

in,  312  and  n.  3. 
Longees,  274  and  n.  4. 
Longueville,  William,  the  friend  of 

Butler,  Life,  xiii,  xvi. 
Loudun.  the  Nun  of,  217  and  n.  3. 
Louis  XIV.,  remarks  on,  by  Butler, 

Life,  X. 
Love,  a  felon,  151  and  n.  6 ;  Iree 

as  air,  287  and  n.  5;  the  power 

of,  427  and  n.  1. 
Love,  Christopher,  a  Presbyterian, 

378,  n.  2. 
Love-powder,  291. 
Lovers'  quarrels.  301  and  n.  1. 
Loyalists,  succession  of,  334,  n.  1. 
Loyola,  Iguatius,  351,  n.    6  ;    388, 

n.  1. 
Lucan,  lines  of,  61,  n.  2. 
Luez,  389  and  n.  3. 
Luke,  Sir  Samuel,  2,  n.  1 ;  4,  n. 

2  ;  some  account  of,  Life,  v ;  39, 

n.  1 ;  alluded  to,  278,  n.  4 
Lunsford,  372  and  n.  2. 
Lurch,  .331  and  n.  5. 
Luther,  Martin,  and  the  devil,  216 

and  n.  4. 
Lydian  and  Phrygian  dubs,  167  and 

n.  .3. 

Macbeth  quoted,  90,  n.  2. 
Machiavelli,  Nicholas,  314  ;    some 

account  of,  314,  n.  1. 
Madame  and  a  Don,  198  and  n.  4. 
Magellan,  discovery  of,  242. 
.Maggots    in  meat,  222  and  n.  4  ;  in 

cheese,  225  ;   convinced  to  flies, 

370  and  n.  Q. 
Magi,  the  ancient,  25,  n.  2  ;  Per- 

lian,  327  and  n.  1. 


Magician,  Indian,  236  and  n.  2. 

Magnano,  the  Tinker,  his  cha- 
racter and  accomplishments,  55, 
56  ;  dismounts  Ralpho  by  strata- 
gem, 74 ;  wounded  in  imagina- 
tion, 104. 

Mahomet,  his  kindred  ill-favoured, 
52,  n.  2  ;  the  body  of,  230  and  n. 
3;  .351  and  n.  5;  the  Turk's 
patriot,  371,  n.  2. 

Main-prized  lover,  213  and  n.  2. 

Maintenance,  419  and  n.  4. 

Malignants,  67  and  n.  3. 

Mall  Cutpurse,  57. 

Mamalukes,  particulars  respecting 
the,  .39,  n.  1. 

Mammon  and  the  Cause,  373  and 
n.  2. 

Man,  wise,  said  to  govern  the  stars, 
29,  n.  1 ;  in  the  moon,  221  and 
n.  3  ;  244  ;  character  of  an  im- 
pudent one,  267,  n.  1  ;  some- 
times called  the  Lord  of  the 
world,  4.33  and  n.  I. 

Mandrake,  and  its  wife,  295  and 
n.  4. 

Mandril),  their  abduction  of  women, 
150,  n.  4. 

Manicon,  or  strychnon,  280  and  n.  1. 

Manorial  Rights,  440,  n.  1. 

Mantos,  yellow,  worn  by  brides, 
292  and  n.  3. 

Marcly  Hill,  373  and  n.  1. 

Margaret's  fast,  348  and  n.  2. 

Marriage,  a  dragon,  160;  alluded 
to,  287  and  n.  2;  torm  of.  in  the 
Common  Prayer  Book,  3tl2  and 
n.  4 

Marriage-contract,  410,  n.  2. 

Marry-gnep,  93  and  n.  2. 

Mars  and  Saturn,  218  and  n.  6. 

;\Iarshall,  Mr,  186,  n.  1. 

Marshall,  Stephen,  396,  n.  1. 

Martlet,  229  and  n.  1. 

Mascon,  saints  at,  217  and  n.  1. 

Malriuiony  a  d  hanging,  166  and 
n.  4 ;  word,  used  in  the  service 
of,  3 16  and  n.  4  ;  go  by  destiny, 
419  and  n.  2. 

May-pole  idol,  at  Kingston,  25-1 
and  n.  4, 


INDEX. 


403 


Uazzard,  70  ;  meaning  the  face  or 

head,  70,  n.  2. 
Meeting-houses,  letting  of,  31 1  and 

n.  1. 
Men,    with    four  legs,   162,  n.  3; 
love  disputing,    172   and    n.   1; 
turned  to  ten-horned  cattle,  372 
and  n.  5. 
Menckenins,    his    anecdote    of    a 

quack,  225,  n.  4. 
Mercuries  and  Diurnals,  138,  n.  1. 
Mercury,  the  (Jod  of  thieves,  28. 
Meroz,  .H72  and  n.  6. 
Metals,  applied  to  the  flesh  in  cold 

climates,  occasion  pain,  291  and 

n.  2. 
Melaphvsicians,     notions    of    the, 

9,  n.  '5. 
Metempsychosis,  doctrine  of   the, 

21*0  and  n.  5. 
Metonymy,  235:  a  figure  of  speech, 

235,  n.  .3. 
Mice,  att,-ick  the  frogs,  408  and  n.  1. 
Michaelmas    and     Lady-day,    305 

and  n.  I. 
Ministers,  called   masters,  377  and 

n.  1. 
Minstrel  Charter   and   ceremonies, 

47,  n.  3. 
Miscreants,  335  and  n.  1. 
Mittimus,  or   anathema,   321    and 

n.  2. 
Mompesson,  Mr,  his  house  haunt- 
ed, 140,  n.  3. 
Monardts,  Nicholas,  294,  n.  1. 
Monboddo's,    Lord,    theory    about 

tails,  163,  n.  I. 
Money,  the  mythologic  sense,  152 

and  n.  4  ;  the  power  of,  38U  and 

n.  2;  preferable  to  beauty,  438, 

n.  4. 
Monkey's  teeth,  worship  of,  .35,  n.  1. 
Monk,  General  George,   54,  n.  4  : 

.381,  n.  1. 
Monstrous  births  alluded   to,   1.3G, 

n.  .3. 
MontaiRue.  playing  with  his  cat,  5  ; 

alludud  to,  172  and  n.  4. 
Mjon,  full  of  the,  10  ;  supposilicms 

respecting  it,  2«,  n.  2;  214  and 

11.3;  man  in  the,  221  and  n.  3; 


her  diameter,  222  and  n.  1  ;  sup- 
posed seas  in  the,  222  and  n.  2  ; 
to  detach  from  her  sphere,  236 
and  n.  1  ;  shooting  at  the,  230, 
n.  2 ;  a  new  world  in  the,  242 
and  n.  2  ;  embracing  the,  270, 
n.  2  ;  its  influence,  314  and  n.  2. 

Moralities  and  mysteries,  27,  n.  4. 

Morality,  a  crime,  313  and  n.  2. 

More,  Sir  Thomas,  anecdote  o( 
his  barber,  23,  n.  4. 

Morpion,  281  and  n.  1. 

Mother-wits,  429  and  n.   1. 

Mountains,  thrashing  them,  341 
and  n.  3. 

Miiggletonians,  183,  n.  1.         [n.  3. 

Mum  and  silence,  .385  and  n.I;40(J, 

Miim-budcet,  93,  n.  -3. 

.Miinson,  Lady,  whips  her  husband, 
IGx  and  n.  7. 

Muscovite  women,  their  obsequious- 
ness, 449  and  ii.  1. 

Music,  invention  of,  according  to 
Pyih.igoras,  II,  n.  4;  its  powpr 
said  to  cure  diseases,  92,  n.  1  ; 
of  the  spheres,  159  and  n.  1. 

Mysteries  and  Kevulations,  183  and 
n.  4. 

Napier's  bones,  257  and  n.  5  ;  344 

and  n.  2. 
Nasli,  Dr,  his  remarks  relative  to 

Buller,  Life,  xvi,  xxiv. 
Nativiiy,  casting  a,  28,  n.  5. 
Neal,  Sir  Paul,  214,  n.  2;  262,  n.  1  j 

parlirnlars  respecting,  205,  n.  3. 
Nebiiciiadncz/ar,  421  and  ii.  1. 
Neciomantic  art,  213  and  n.  5. 
Negus,  king  of  Abyssinia,  144  and 

n.  3. 
Nero  and  Sporus,  198  and  n.  5. 
New    England,    brethren    of,    19 J 

and  n.  I. 
Newport,  Treaty  of,  184,  n.  1  ;  377. 
Nicked,  or  hedged  in,  379  and  n    I 
Nimmcrs,  257  and  n.  4. 
Nine-penre,     proverb     respecting, 

23,  n.  3. 
Nock,  date  of,  16  ;  signification  o' 

the  word.  IG.  n.  3. 
Noel.  Sir  .Martin.  385,  n.  2 


4G4.  INDEX, 

Noses,  to  hear  with,  395  and  n.  3. 

Numbers,  sari  to  exist  by  them- 
selves, 27,  n.  1  ;  supposed  mys- 
tical charms  in,  27,  n.  2  ;  ridi- 
cule of  the  poetical  way  of  ex- 
pressing, 77,  n.  2. 

Nuncheon,  or  luncheon,  18  and 
n.  3. 

Nye,  Philip,  an  Independent 
preacher,  353  and  n.  2  ;  particu- 
lars respecting,  429  and  n.  5. 

Oaths,  on  the  use  of,  by  the  Ro- 
mans, 57,  n.  2;  required  to  be 
taken  by  the  clergy,  68,  n.  1  ;  are 
but  words,  176  and  n.  1  ;  on  the 
breaking  of,  177  and  n.  3;  178, 
n.  1 ;  188  and  n.  2 ;  214  and  n. 
1 ;  ex-officio,  185  and  n.  3. 

Obs  and  SoUers,  377  and  n.  2. 

Ockham,  William,  lU,  n.  4. 

CBstrum,  62  ;  signification  of  the 
word,  62,  n.  1. 

Ombre,  a  game  at  cards,  304  and 
n.  3. 

Omens,  241,  n.  4. 

One  of  us,  312  and  n.  2. 

Outgoings,  a  cant  term,  347  and 
n.  3. 

Out  loiter  and  out  sit,  363  and 
n.  3. 

Opera,  anti-chrLstian,  203  and 
n  1. 

Oppugne,  99  and  n.  2. 

Orange-taiviiy  beard,  205  and  n.  3. 

Orcades,  the,  354  and  n.  2. 

Ordeal,  trial  by,  270  and  n.  3. 

Ordinance,  the  Self-denying,  78,  n. 
3  ;  87,  n.  5  ;  357  and  n.  3. 

Orpheus,  227,  373. 

Orsin,  the  bearward,  character  of, 
48  and  n.  2 ;  53 ;  alluded  to, 
92,  94,  95,  107,  109. 

Otway,  his  Tragedy  of  Constantine 
the  Great,  Life,  ix. 

Outgoings  and  workings-out,  cant 
terms,  347,  n.  3. 

Ovation,  201  and  n.  4. 

Ovid's  Metamorphojes,  alluded  to, 
130,  n.  1,  2. 

Owen,  Dr,  letter  of   123,  n.  3  ;  an 


eminent  Presbyterian  divine,  353 
and  n.  2. 
Owl,  a  bird  of  ill  omen,  241  and  n. 
5 ;  the  emblem  of  wisdom,  245 
and  n.  5. 

Padder's  face,  365,  366  and  n.  1. 
Pages,  chastisement  of,  189,  n.  3. 
Palmistry,  skill  in,  260  and  n.  6. 
Papacy  and   Presbytery,   126  and 

n.  3. 
Paper -lanthom,   penance  in  a,  168 

and  n.  1. 
Papists,  report  respecting  the,  347, 

n.  4. 
Paracelsus,  224 ;  doctrines  of,  224 

and  n.  1  ;    his  small  devil,  237, 

n.  3;  238,  n.  1. 
Paradise,  tlie  seat  of,  1 1  and  n.  1  ; 

birds  of,  229  and  n.  1. 
Paris  Gardens,  Southwark,  49  and 

n.  2. 
Parliament,    drew   up  petitions  to 

itself,  66 ;    satire  upon   the,    SO 

and  n.  2;  its  arbitrary  proceed- 
ing, 81,  n.  4;  public  thanksgiv- 
ings   offered    by  the,  87,  n.  1  ; 

charges  against  the,   186,  n.   4 ; 

taxes  levied  by,  360  and  n-  4. 
Parricide,  punishment  of,  33,  n.  4. 
Parlhians,  429  and  n.  4. 
Pasiphae,  her  amour  with  a  bull, 

150,  n.  3. 
Patches,  black,  custom  of  wearing, 

158,  n.  6. 
Patrick,   Dr,  afterwards  Bishop  oi 

Ely,  Life,  xiii. 
Peas,   called  green  bastings,    263, 

n.  3. 
Peccadillos,  wooden,  319  and  n.  2. 
Peers,  obligations  of,  181  and  n.  1 ; 

honour  of,  189,  n.  1. 
Pendulum,  its  vibration,  255  and 

n.  1. 
Pennington,  Alderman,  7,  n.  1. 
Penny  for  your  thoughts,  212  and 

n.  2. 
Penthesile,  the  Amazonian  dame, 

57  and  n.  1. 
Pepys'  Diary,  extracts  from,  304 

and  n.  3 ;  392,  n.  2 


INDEX. 


1Gb 


Perkin  Warbeck,  his  interview  with 
Lady  CaUierine  Gordon,  152,  n.  5. 

Pemicion,  123;  meaning  of  the 
word,  123,  n.  1. 

Perreaud,  tricks  of  the  devil  in  his 
house.  217  and  n.  1. 

Perry,  Ned,  an  hostler,  60,  n.  1. 

Petard,  conjugal,  295,  n.  1. 

Peter  the  Great,  tax  imposed  by, 
Ui.  n.  3. 

Peters,  Hugh,  character  of,  434. 
'etronel,  72  and  n.  6. 

Pharos,  a  celebrated  light-house, 
32. 

Pharsalian  Plain,  44. 

Philip  and  Mary,  shillings  of,  292 
and  n.  2. 

Philip,  Sir  Richard,  drawn  through 
a  window  by  the  ears,  3U8  and 
n.  3. 

Philistines,  378  and  n.  4. 

Philosopher's  Stone,  280,  n.  2. 

Philtec-love,  440  and  n.  3. 

Physician,  his  prescription  literally 
taken,  28,  n.  4. 

Picqueer,  345  and  n.  4. 

Pie-powder,  185  and  n.  2. 

Pigeons  of  Aleppo,  137,  n.  6. 

Pigs,  squeaking  of,  6 ;  sucking 
ones  chowsed,214  and  n.  6  ;  said 
to  see  the  wind,  372  and  n.  1. 

Pigsney,  156 ;  a  term  of  endear- 
ment, 156,  n.  4. 

Pilgrims'  kisses,  ,367  and  n.  1. 

Pinder,  tlie,  of  Wakefield,  193,  n.  4. 

Pique,  or  Pica,  .360  .and  n.  1. 

Plague-sore,  312  and  n.  3. 

Planets,  aspects  of  the,  251,  n.  3. 

Plants,  with  signatures,  280  and  n. 
4  ;  '297  and  n.  2. 

Plato,  his  fondness  for  geometry, 
247  and  n.  4;  his  belief  in  re- 
gard to  the  planets,  '248  and  n. 
4  ;  the  symposium  of,  296,  n.  3  ; 
his  year,  364  and  n.  1. 

Plot,  Dr,  his  History  of  Worcester, 
217  and  n.  4. 

Pocock,  Dr,  his  acquittal,  123, 
n.  3. 

Poetry,  a  neceswry  aid  in  good 
guvemmcnt,  58,  n.  4. 


Poets  and  Entlmsiasts,  24,  n.  3. 

Poets  succeed  best  in  fiction.  15:' 
n.  3. 

Poisons,  expelled  by  themselves, 
331  and  n.  1. 

Pokes  and  Fobs,  273  and  n.  3. 

Ponierium,  ceremony  of  enlarging 
the.  196  and  n.  4. 

Pope  of  Rome,  95  and  n.  3;  his 
bull  b.iited,  122  and  n.  3  ;  his 
chair,  128,  n.  2;  alluded  to,  249 
and  n.  4 ;  his  power,  355  and 
n.  1. 

Pope,  Mr,  quoted  299,  n.  3. 

Postulate  illation,  164,  n.  1. 

Potosi,  28U  and  n.  2. 

Poundage,  paying  of,  338  and  n.  3. 

Powder,  the  famous  sympathetic, 
51.  n.  3,  6;  alluded  to,  3U6  and 
n.  1. 

Powdering-tubs,  366  and  n.  4  ;  405 
and  n.  1. 

Preach,  fight,  pray,  and  murder 
331  and  n.  4. 

Preachers,  described  by  Echard, 
204  and  n.  2  ;  Itinerant,  330  and 
n.  4. 

Preaching,  encouragement  of,  59, 
n.  5. 

Presbyterians,  jargon  and  cant 
words  of  the,  3,  n.  3 ;  effect  of 
their  preaching.  3,  n.  5  ;  custom 
of  the,  4,  n.  3 ;  great  fatalists, 
38,  n.  1  ;  profane  familiarity  of 
their  prayers,  65,  n.  4  ;  historical 
tendency  of  their  discourses,  66, 
n.  1 ;  reformation  desired  by  the, 
67,  n.  5  ;  their  plea  for  success, 
79,  n.  3 ;  persecutions  of  the, 
1'22,  n.  1 ;  their  doctrines,  1'25, 
n.  1  ;  1.33,  n.  2  ;  complaint  of 
the,  145,  n.  4  ;  their  selfishness, 
273,  n.  3  ;  their  differences  with 
the  Independents,  3'24,  n.  2 ;  348 
and  n.  3  ;  plea  of  the,  326,  n.  1  ; 
their  plots  to  restore  the  king, 
359  and  n.  1,  2;  intentions  of 
the,  369,  n.  1  ;  their  practicod, 
369.  n.  3,  4,  and  5. 

Prester,  John,  445  and  n.  1. 

Pricking  at  the  garter,  343,  n.  4 
2  u 


466 


IXDEI. 


Pride  and  Hughsoc,  377  and  n.  4. 
Prideaux,  Ed.,  Advocate,  415,  n.  2. 
Prior,   compared  to   Butler,  Life, 

xix. 
Priscian's    head,  181    and    n.   5 ; 

182,  n.  1. 
Prisoners,  Roman,  chained  to  their 

gaolers,  288  and  n.  2  ;  sham  ex- 
aminations of,  365,  n.  4. 
Profligate,  109  and  n.  2. 
Proletarii,  or  low  class  of  Roman 

people,  32,  n.  4. 
Promethean  powder,  107  and  n.  1. 
Prophecies,   fulfilling   of  the,   338 

and  n.  2. 
Proserpine,  283. 
Protestation,  the,   or  solemn  vow, 

34;  63  and  n.  1  ;   178  and  n.  2. 
Providence,    revolts    of,   383    and 

n.  2. 
Prynne.  alluded  to,  30,  n.  1 ;  263,  n. 

2;  325,  n.  2;  329,  n.  1;  his  His- 

trio-mastix,  35,  n.  6  ;  sentenced 

to  lose  his  ears,  91,  n.  3  ;  306, 

n.  3. 
Psalms,  reading  a  verse  from   the, 

271  and  n.  1  ;    alluded  to,   341 

and  n.  1,  2. 
Public  Faith,  180  and  n.  3,  4. 
Pug-Robin,  317  and  n.  2. 
Puisne  Judge,  415,  n.  3. 
Pull  a  crow,  193  and  n.  2. 
Pullen,  214  andn.  5. 
Pulpit,  news  told  in  the,  405  and 

n.  2. 
Punese,  284  and  n.  1. 
Puppet-shows,  subjects  of,  27  n.  4. 
Puppies,     remarkable,     138     and 

n.  4. 
Purchas's  Pilgrims,  48,  n.  3,  4. 
Puritans,  custom  of  the,  3,  n.  6 ; 
^-"ihe]!  doctrines,  79,  n.  6. 
Purses,  mode  of  wearing,  70,  n.  3. 
Purtenance,  97  and  n.  1. 
Pygmalion,  cut  his  mistress  out  of 

stone,  97  and  n.  3. 
Pym,  John,  03,  n.  4;  422,  n.  4. 
Pyrrhus,  king  of  Epirus,  cured  his 

courtiers  with  a  kick,  144  and 

n.  2. 
Pythagoras,  the  Greek  philosopher, 


music   said  to  be  invented   by, 

11,  n.  4;    philosophy  of,  2J,  n. 

2 ;  on  the  music  of  the  spheres, 

159,  n.  1  ;  alluded  to,  239  and 

n.  1 ;  the  soul  of,  291. 
Quack    story     from     Menckenius, 

228,  n.  4. 
Quacks  of  Government,   341   and 

n.  0. 
Quakers,  will  not  swear,   181  am 

n.  4. 
Quatenus  oath,  1 84. 
Querpo,  401 ;  meaning  of  the  word 

n.  2. 
Questions  and  commands,  game  of, 

304  and  n.  4,  6. 
Quiblet  or  Quillet,  421,  n.  4. 
Quint,  387;  meaning  of  the  word, 

387,  n.  1. 
Quirks  and  quillets,  421  and  n.  4. 

Rabbins,  their  writings,  184  and 
n.  2;  of  the  Synod,  194,  n.  3. 

Rabelais,  alluded  to,  10,  n.  2. 

Races,  in  Italy,  393,  n.  1. 

Raise,  a  favourite  expression,  191 
and  n.  2. 

Ralpho,  his  profession,  22 ;  his 
gifts,  23  ;  his  learning,  25  ;  con- 
demns bear-baiting,  35  ;  com- 
p.ires  them  to  Synods,  36 ;  re- 
connoitres the  rabble,  46  ;  en- 
counters Colon,  74  ;  is  dismounted 
by  Magnano,  74 ;  takes  Crowdero 
prisoner,  77  ;  his  speech  on  giving 
quarter,  80  ;  his  second  expedi- 
tion with  Hudibras,  101  ;  is  as- 
sailed by  Orsin,  1U2  ;  encounters 
Cerdon,  104;  encourages  Hu- 
dibras, 104 ;  assists  him  to  re- 
mount, 106;  is  thrown  from  his 
horse,  107  ;  demands  assistance 
of  Hudibras,  110;  is  made  cap- 
tive along  with  Hudibras,  117  ; 
is  placed  in  the  stocks,  118; 
blames  the  Knight's  rashness, 
120;  reviles  Synods,  121;  his 
abuse  of  human  learning,  131  ; 
proves  perjury  a  less  sin  than 
flagellation,  175  ;  maintains  tiiat 
saints  are  privileged  to  commi/ 


INDEX. 


4G7 


pcrjnry,  176  ;  proves  that  saints 
may  be  punished  by  proxy,  1-S9  ; 
refuses  to  suffer  as  the  Knight's 
proxy,  192  ;  defies  the  Knight, 
193 ;  prepares  to  combat  him, 
193  ;  is  alarmed  by  the  approach 
of  the  Skimmington,  196;  ex- 
plains the  nature  of  the  proces- 
sion, 200 ;  Is  assaulted  bv  the 
rabble,  205  ;  flies,  206  ;  advises 
the  Knight  to  consult  Sidrophel, 
2H  ;  proves  that  saints  may  em- 
ploy conjurors,  215  ;  his  dialogue 
■with  Whaohum,  232 ;  is  despatch- 
ed to  fetch  a  constable,  255  :  is 
abandoned  by  Hudibras,  261  ; 
resolves  to  retaliate,  273;  dis- 
covers the  Knight's  treachery  to 
the  widow,  273 ;  jeers  the  Knight, 
in  the  character  of  a  spirit,  31 1 ; 
carries  him  off,  323 :  is  recog- 
nised by  Hudibras,  398  ;  reveals 
the  trick  played  on  the  Knight, 
399  ;  his  reasons  for  flight,  -102  ; 
defends  the  practice  of  running 
away,  404;  advises  the  Knight 
to  take  the  law  of  the  widow, 
410 

Ranters,  a  vile  sect,  131,  n.  1. 

Rap  and  rend,  204  and  n.  I . 

liationalia,  129. 

Ravens   and    crows,    birds    of    ill 
omen,  241,  n.  4. 

Ray's  Handbook  of  Proverbs,  138, 
n.  2. 

Recant,  173  and  n.  3. 

Records,  felony  to    raze,  287  and 
n.  I. 

Recruits,  333  and  n.  4. 

Red-coat  seculars,  .338  and  n.  5. 

Red-coat  sentinel,  374  and  n.  3. 

Reforraado  Saint,    176   and   n.  2; 
330  and  n.  3. 

Rcformado  soldier,  198  and  n.  % 

Reformation,  67. 

Item  in  re,  29tJ. 

Remonstrance,    carried,    363    and 
n.  .3. 

Replevin,  436  and  n.  1. 

Reprobation,  Presbyterian  doctrine 
of,  32'2,  n.  2. 


Revie,  meaning  of  the  word,  134, 

n.  3. 
Rhetoric,  use  of,  7  and  n.  5. 
Rhodoginus,  LudovicuB  Cffilius,  199 

and  n.  2. 
Ribbons,    bits   of,   swallowed,    167 

and  n.  4. 
Richard  III.,  indignities  offered  to 

his  corpse,  107,  n.  3. 
Rimmon,  358;  a  Syrian  idol,  353, 

n.  4. 
Rinaldo,  409  and  n.  3. 
Ring,  a  tool  of  matrimony,  339  and 

n.  2. 
Rockets  and  white  slee\'es,  .349  and 

n.  .3. 
Rogues,  beat  hemp,  227  and  n.  2. 
Rowland,  William,  Life,  ii. 
Rolf,  a  shoemaker,  indicted  for  a 

design  to  kill  the  king,  368,  n.  1. 
Rolls,  Colonel,  a  Devonshire  gentle- 
man, 2,  n.  1. 
Romance-writers,  satire  on,  91,  n.  4. 
Rome,  the  Church  of,  compared  to 

the  Whore  of  Babylon,  127,  n.  2. 
Romulus,  the  first  Rom.in  king,  3.35 

and  n.  4. 
Ronsard's  "  Franciadc,"  2,  n.  2. 
Rooks,  application  of  the  term,  7, 

n.  3. 
Root  and  br.anch  men,  340  and  n.  6. 
Rope-ladders,  use  of,  343  and  n.  3. 
Rope  of  .sand,  10. 
Rose,  under  the,  .3^5,   n.   1 ;    the, 

planted,  443  and  n.  2. 
Rosemary,  virtues  of,  167  and  n.  2. 
Rosewell,  Sir  Henry,  2,  n.  I. 
Rosicrucians,  a  sect  of  hermetical 

philosophers,  26,  n.  2;    236  and 

n.  3 ;  2.38. 
Ross,  Alexander,  42  and  n.  2  ;    199 

and  n.  2. 
Rota  club,  "258  and  n.  2. 
Roundway  Down,  battle  of,  62,  n. 

2;  40.5,  n.  4;  406,  n.  5. 
Rovers,    love-arrows   shot   at,  302 

and  n.  2. 
Royalists,  encomium    on,  3.33  and 

n.  1  ;  plots  of  the,  376  and  n.  2. 
Royal   Society,    their    transactioiit , 

ridiculed,  '22  I.  n.  3. 
2  H  2 


468 


ITTDEX. 


Rules,  how  derived,  132. 

Rump  Parliament,  patents  granted 
by,  50,  n.  1  ;  alluded  to,  337  and 
n.  3;  proceedings  of  the,  380 
and  n.  1  ;  some  account  of  the, 
390,  n.  2. 

Rumps,  burning  of  the,  392,  n.  2. 

Rupert,  Prince,  105,  n.  1 ;  his  drop 
described,  188,  n.  3. 

Russel,  Sir  William,  Life,  i. 

Rye,  284. 

Ryves,  Dr  Bruno,  14,  n.  2. 

Sabines,  rape  of  the,  431  and  n.  3  ; 
432,  n  2,  3 

Sacrilege,  353  and  n.  1. 

Sacrum,  390  and  n.  1. 

St  Dunstan,  236 ;  particulars  re- 
specting, 236,  n.  4. 

St  Francis,  his  stoicism  under  fe- 
male temptation,  149,  n.  7. 

St  George  and  the  Dragon,  54,  n.  4. 

St  Ignatius,  351  and  n.  6. 

St  Martin's  beads,  438  and  n.  2. 

St  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  Butler 
buried  at,  Life,  xiii ;  monument 
to  his  memory  in,  xiv. 

Saints,  62  and  n.  4 ;  privilege  of, 
y  176, 177;  scandals  of  the,  319  and 
n.  4  ;  if  named  from  blood,  322 
and  n.  3  ;  surnames  of,  340  and 
n.  3;  precious  and  secret,  356 
and  n.  2 ;  their  houses  and  em- 
ployments in  heaven,  427,  n.  1. 

Saints'  bell,  310,  n.  1. 

Salique  law,  448  and  n.  2. 

Salt,  cast  on  a  woman's  tail,  146 
and  n.  3. 

Sallinbancho,  254  and  n.  2. 

Samson,  his  heart-breakers,  15. 

Sancho-Panza,  tossed  in  a  blanket, 
75  and  n.  2. 

Sand-bags,  fight  with,  329  and  n.  2. 

Sandys,  remark  of,  52,  n.  2. 

Sapiens  dominabitur  astris,  ex- 
plained, 29,  n.  1. 

Saturn,  the  god  of  time,  233  and 
n.  4. 

Satyre  Menipp^e,  Life,  xx. 

Scaliger,  249  and  n.  1. 

Sceptics,  theory  of  tne,  191  and  n.  1. 


School  divines,   satire    upon,    10, 

n.  4. 
Schweidnitz,  the  siege  of,  52,  n.  4. 
Scire  facias,  305  and  n.  2 ;  328. 
Sconce,  enchanted,  275  and  n.  4. 
Scorpion's  oil,  368  and  n.  2. 
Scots,  declaration  of  the,  64,  n.   1 ; 

to  be  treated  like  witches,  136, 

n.  1  ;  their  expeditions,  378  and 

n.  3,  4. 
Scout,  278  and  n.  4. 
Screen-fans,  243  and  n.  3. 
Scrimansky,  52. 
Scripture,  interpretation  of,  181  and 

n.  3. 
Secrecy,    obligation    of,    152    and 

n.  2. 
Sedgwick,  a  fanatical  preacher,  231 

and  n.  3. 
Seekers  and  M  uggletonians,  183,  n.  1 . 
Selden,  his  Marmora  Arundelliana, 

Life,  iv ;    his   opinion  regarding 

America,  44,  n.  2. 
Semiramis,    the     first     maker     of 

eunuchs,  162  and  n.  2. 
Set,    290 ;    meaning   of  the   word 

290,  n.  4. 
Setter,  441  ;  definition  of  the  term. 

441,  n.  3. 
Shaftesbury,  A.  A.  Cooper,  Earl  of, 

342,  n.  2  ;  particulars  respecting, 

342,   n.   3;    his    duplicity,   342, 

n.  4. 
Shakspeare,  allusions  to  his  Plavs 

19,  n.  4;  78,  n.  2;  90,  n.  2;  95,' n! 

4;  131,  n.  2;  135,  n.  2  ;  136,  n.  1 

2;  138,  n.  2;  147,  n.  3  ;   153,  n. 

2;  159  and  n.  1;  160,  n.  1:  195, 

n.  3;  205,  n.  3;  246,  n.  2;  248 

n.  3;    252;    259,  n.  2,  4;    274 

andn.  3;   280,  n.  1  ;  293,  n.  3- 

301  and  n.  2  ;  317,  n.  3 ;  343  and 

n.  4  ;    349  and  n.  1 ;    366,  n  4  • 

399,  n.  1;  419  and  n.  1,2.     '     ' 
Sherfield,  Mr,  mortgages  his  estate, 

321  and  n.  4. 
Shooting  at  the  moon,  Des  Cartes' 

notion  about,  230,  n.  2. 
Shoe-tie,  275  and  n.  1. 
Shrews,  female,  custom  of  dutkinz. 

202,  n.  I.  ^' 


IWDEX. 


469 


Sidney,  Sir  Philip,  49,  n.  4;  93, 
n.  i'. 

Sidrophel,  his  character,  218;  mis- 
lakes  a  paper-kite  for  a  star,  229 ; 
is  visited  by  Hudibras,  231  ;  dis- 
covers the  object  of  his  visit,  23.3, 
2-34  ;  defends  the  science  of  as- 
trology, 238,  240,  245;  his  alter- 
cation with  Hudibras,  254;  at- 
tacks the  Knight,  254 ;  is  defeated 
and  plundered,  256  ;  counterfeits 
death,  259 ;  Hudibras's  epistle 
to,  262  ;  421,  n.  3. 

Sieve  and  Sheers,  the  oracle  of,  234 
and  n.  2. 

Silk-worms,  belief  respecting,  295, 
n.  2. 

Simeon  to  Levi,  127  and  n.  4. 

Sisters,  the  fatal,  16. 

Skimmington,  some  account  of  the, 
196  and  n.  3  ;  316,  n.  1. 

Skipper,  318 ;  the  master  of  a 
sloop,  318,  n.  3. 

Skull,  trepanning  of  the,  262  and 
n.  2. 

Sleeves  and  hose,  slashed,  8,  n.  1  ; 
313  and  n.  1. 

SlubberdeguUion,  114;  a  drivelling 
fool,  114,  n.  4. 

Smeck,  canonical  cravat  of,  124 
ami  n.  5. 

Smeclymnus,  194  and  n.  I. 

Snippets,  246  and  n.  2. 

Snuff,  enlightened,  23  and  n.  5. 

Snuff-mundungus,  367  and  n.  3. 

Socrates,  129  and  n.  5  ;   224,  n.  5. 

Soldier,  paid  6(i.  per  day,  154  and 
n.  5  ;  curious  privilege  of  the, 
197,  n.  1  ;  carried  off  by  the 
devil,  217  and  n.  5. 

Siilcmn  League  and  Covenant,  33, 
n.  1  ;  62,  67,  n.  2,  4  ;  68,  n.  2  ; 
17S,  n.  4;318  and  n.  4;  348  and 
n.  1. 

Somerset,  Protector,  42,  n.  4. 

Sooterkin,  332,  and  n.  2. 

Soothsayers,  mistakes  of,  250  and 
n.  5. 

Sophv,  318  and  n.  1. 

Sorbonist,  10,  n.  5. 

bouse  and  Chitterlings,  46  and  n.  7. 


South,  D',  sermon  of,  124,  n.  1. 
Sow,  wro  ng,  by  the  ear,  235  and  n. 

2  ;    suxkled  by  a  bitch,  264  and 

n.  2. 
Sow-geldcring,  162,  352. 
Sowning,  153  and  n.  3. 
Spaniard,  whipped,  21  and  n.  1. 
Spanish  dignity,  21,  n.  1. 
Specieses,  225. 

Speed  and  Stowe,  199  and  n.  4. 
Spenser,  his  "  Fairv  Queen,"  2,  n. 

1  ;  86,  n.  1  ;   231',  n.  1  ;    248,  n. 

1  ;  example  of,  85,  n.  1. 

Spick  and  span,  derivation  of  the 

words,  100,  n.  3. 
Spinning-wheels,  201  and  n.  .3. 
Spirit  Po,  316  and  n.  4. 
Sports,  on  Sundays,  32,  n.  1. 
Sprat's  history  of  the  Royal  Society, 

245,  n.  3. 
Spurs,  badges  of  Knighthood,  165, 

n.  2. 
Squirt-fire,  374  and  n.  4. 
Staffiers,  198  and  n.  3. 
Stars,  new,  appearance  of,  229  and 

n.  2  ;    falling,  notion  respecting, 

231  and  n.  2  ;  office  of  ihe,  246 

and  n.  1. 
State-camelion,  343  and  n.  1. 
Statute,  439  and  n.  1. 
Staving  and  tailing,  90  and  n.  1. 
Steal  me  from  myself,  310  and  n.  2. 
Stennet,  the  wife  of  a  broom-man, 

149  and  n.  6. 
Stentrcphonic  voice,  277  and  n.  5. 
Stercorary  chair,  128,  n.  2. 
Stery,  one  of  Cromwell's  chaplains, 

335  and  n.  2  ;    his  dream,  335, 

n.  .3. 
Stiffcr,  pun  upon  the  word,  346  and 

n.  '2. 
Stiles  and  Nokcs,  120  and  n.  1. 
Stirrups,  not  in  use  in  Cajsar's  time, 

21,  n.  3. 
Stocks,  humorously  described,   83 

and  n.  1 ;  a  wooden  Jail,  139  and 

n.  4. 
Stoics,  doctrines  of  the,  173,  n    1 

2  ;  2'J.-^,  n.  2. 

Stone,  angelical,  237,  n.  4. 
Stools  of  repentance,  3'.20. 


170 


IlfDEX. 


Slrafford,  Lord,  63,  n.  3;  G9,  n.  1 ; 

228,  n.  2  ;  422,  n.  4. 
Stray  cattle,  161  and  n.  7. 
Strike  my  luck,  156  and  n.  1. 
Stragglings,  a  cant  term  for  efforts, 

202  and  n.  4. 
Stum,  157  ;  an  unfermented  liquor, 

157,  n.  1. 
Stygian  sophister,  255  and  n.  4. 
Succussation,  meaning  of  the  word, 

43,  n.  5. 
Suggilled,  119  andn.  2. 
Sui  Juris,  118  and  n.  3. 
Summer-sault,  419  and  n.  6. 
Sun,  put  down  by  ladies'  eyes,  169  ; 

voids  a  slone,  243,  n.  2 ;  shifted 

his  course,  248  and  n.  1. 
Surplices,    Camisade   of,    338   and 

n.  7. 
Swaddle,  4  ;   meaning  of  the  word, 

4,  n.  6. 
Swanswick,   barrister  of,   329  and 

n.  1. 
Swearing,  trade  of,  420  and  n.  4. 
Sweating-lanterns,  243  and  n.  3. 
Swedes,  197;  famous  soldiers,  197  ; 

n.  4. 
Swiss  mercenaries,  412,  n.  2. 
Swift,  Dean,  his  Tale  of  a  Tub,  211 : 

n.  2  ;  226,  n.  2. 

Tailors,   their  mode  of  sitting   at 

work,  22  and  n.  5. 
Tails,    163;     theory    about,   163, 

n.  1. 
Tales,  421  and  n.  1. 
Talgol,   the   butcher,   his  prowess, 

53  and    n.  4;    defies  Hudibras, 

69 ;    engages   in   single    combat 

with  him,   72 ;    dismounts   him, 

75. 
Taliacotius,  his  supplemental  noses, 

16  and  n.  2. 
Talisman,    magic,    25;    described, 

25,  n.  1. 
Talismanique  louse,  283  and  n.  2. 
Tallies,  358  and  n.  2. 
Tarsel,  228  and  n.  6 
Tartar,  catching  a,  114  and  n.  1. 
Taasoiii,    Alessandro,    his    Secchia 

Eapita,  Life,  xix. 


Taurus,  once  the  Ram,  25J. 
Tawe,  168  and  n.  4. 
Taylor,  John,  his  marble  tablet  to 
the    memory    of    Butler,    Life, 

XV. 

Teach  down,  330  and  n.  5. 
Te  Deum,  405  and  n.  3. 
Tell-clock,  the  nickname  of  a  puisne 

judge,  415,  n.  3. 
Tellus,  Dame,  60  and  n.  5. 
Templars,    poverty    of    the,    331, 

n.  3. 
Temple,  Sir  Wm,   observation  of, 

45,  n.  I. 
Termagant,  57  ;  origin  of  the  word, 

57,  n.  3. 
Testes,    the,    furnish    a    medicinal 

drug,  43,  n.  3. 
Teutonic,  said  to  be  the  most  an 

cient  language,  11,  n.  2. 
Thanksgivings,    public,    sometimes 

mere  pretences,  405,  n.  5. 
That  you  're  a  beast,  and  turned  tc 

grass,  436. 
There   was   an    ancient   sage   phi- 
losopher, 42. 
Thetis,  the  lap  of,  173  and  n.  3. 
Things,  the  nature  of,  9,  n.  4  ;  ani 

mate   and   inanimate,  difference 

between,  129  and  n.  4. 
Thirteener,  a  coin,  .358,  n.  1. 
Thompson,  Mrs,  a  widow,  96,  n.  1 
Thoth,    the   Egyptian  Deity,   238, 

n.  5. 
Thumb-ring,  .339  and  n.  3. 
Thunder,    opinion   respecting,  .350 

and  n.  1. 
Thyer,   Mr,  the  editor  of  Butler's 

Remains,  Life,  v,  xvi. 
Time,  picture  of,  15,  n.  1  ;  of  day 

232  and  n.  3. 
Time  is.  Time  was,  278  and  n.  2. 
'Tis  strange  how  some  men's  tem 

pers  suit,  172. 
Titus   Andronicus,    Play  of,    15J 

n.  5. 
Tobacco-stopper,  2.30  and  n.  5. 
Toe,  quality  in  the,  144,  n.  2. 
Toledo-blades,  18  .and  n.  4. 
ToUutation,  meaning  of  the  worl 

4.3,  n.  4. 


INDEX. 


471 


TomSnson,  Judge,  his  speech  to 

the  sheriffs,  '26,  n.  6. 
Tom  Po,  a  name  for  a  spectre,  316, 

n.  4. 
Tooth-ache,  charms   for  the,  223 

and  n.  3. 
Totii4)Ottimoy,  190  and  n.  3. 
Toy,  John,  Life,  ii. 
Treason,    punishments     for,   391, 

n.  1. 
Trees,  diseases  of,  264. 
Trepauners,  303, 
Triers,   123;  office  of  the,  123,  n. 

3 ;  called  Cromwell's  Inquisition, 

124,  n.  1. 
Trigons,  the,  2S0  and  n.  4. 
Trismegislus,    23S    and     n.     5  ; 

239. 
Trojan  mare,  346  and  n.  5. 
Trout,  caught  with   a  single  hair, 

211  andn.  1. 
Trover,  action  of,  418  and  R.  2. 
Truckle-bed,  110   and  n.  4;    174 

and  n.  I . 
Trulla,   beloved   by  Magnano,   56 

and  n.  5 ;    her  valour,  ^7  ;  res- 

tues  ihc  bear,  90;  attacks  Hu- 

dibras.  111;  takes  him  prisoner, 

113;    (rrants  him  quarter,   115; 

protects    him   from   the   rabble, 

116;    her  triumphal    procession, 

117;  commits  Kalpho  and  Hu- 

dibras  to  the  stocks,  IIS. 
Trustees,    unsanctified,    3.30    and 

n.  1. 
Truth,  revealed  to  the  perfect,  82, 

n.  1 ;  Time's  daughter,  239  and 

n.  4;  210,  n.  1. 
Tully,  172  andn.  4. 
Turks,  their  personal  appearance, 

52,  n.  2. 
Tutbury,  custom  of  bull-running 

at,  47,  n.  4. 
Tyburn,  executions  at,  63,  n.  6. 
Tyrian  petticoat,  200,  n.  3. 

Urine,  a  medium  of  detecting  dis- 
eases, 2'25,  n.  4. 

Uies,  in  sermons,  330  and  n.  6. 

Uaher,  139;  meaning  of  the  term, 
139,  n.  5. 


Utlegation,  321  and  n.  5 
U.xbridge,  treaty  of,  378  and  n.  2. 

Vagrants,  ordered  to  be  whipped, 

1G6,  n.  1. 
Van  and  rear,  142,  n.  4. 
Van  Helniont,  172  and  n.  4. 
Varlets  -  dcs  -  cliambres,    151    and 

n.  4. 
Vaughan,  Dr,  his  discourse  on  the 

condition  of  man,  26,  n.  1. 
Vehicles,  heavenly,  446  and  n.  I. 
Velis  et  remis,  omnibus  uervis,  67 

and  n.  1. 
Venables  and  Pen,  their  expedition 

against  the  Spaniards,  40S,  n.  4. 
Venice,  Dukes  of,   niarrv  the  sea, 

202  and  n.  2. 
Veni,  vidi,  vici,  110  and  n.  1. 
Venus,  the  goddess  of  love,  233  and 

n.  2. 
Ver6  adeptus,  26. 
Vermin,  326  .and  n.  3. 
Vertagus,    a    dog    so    called,    98, 

n.  5. 
Vespasian,  daubed  with  dirt,  207 

and  n.  4. 
Vessel,  2S5  and  n.  3. 
Vickars,  John,  30  and  n.  1. 
Victories,  pretended  thanksgivings 

for,  405  and  n.  4. 
Victuallers  and  vintners,  fines  im- 
posed on,  416  and  n.  5. 
Vies,  the  proud,  62  and  n.  2 
Villains,  '289  and  n.  3. 
Vinegar,  eels  in,  225  and  n.  1. 
Virgins, .buried  alive,  151,  n.  1. 
Virtue,  said  to  be  a  body.  173  and 

n.  1,2;  and  Honour,  the  tenipie 

of,  165  and  n.  3. 
Vis.  franc,  pledge,  185  and  n.  4. 
Vitililieation,  1'28  and  n.  4. 
Viz.ard-buad,  304  and  n.  5. 
Vizard-masks,  '291  and  n.  3. 
Vultures,  opinion   respecting,  211 

and  n.  5. 

Wait,  Simon,  a  tinker,  55,  n.  3 ; 

his  skill,  56  and  n.  2. 
Walker's  History  of  Independency, 

6'2,  n.  4 ;  70,  n.  4 ;  96,  D.  1. 


472 


rSTDEX. 


Waller,  his  poem  ol  Saccharissa, 

159,  n.  3. 
Waller,  Sir  William,  defeat  of,  62, 

n.  2  ;  405,  n.  4. 
Walnut-shell,  fire  spit  out  of  a,  223 

and  n.  5. 
Walton,    Izaak,   poem  quoted,  84, 

n.  2. 
War,  civil,  subverts  the  order  of 

things,   240,  n.  2 ;  creating  and 

making  of,  360  and  n.  3;    the 

modern  way  of,  407  and  n.  1. 
Warburton,  Bishop,  132,  n.  2. 
Warmestry,    afterwards    Dean    of 

Worcester,  Life,  ii. 
Warts,   charmed    away,   223   and 

n.  2. 
Watches,  pendulums  to,  284  and 

n.  2. 
Water,  objects  reflected  in,  270  and 

n.  1. 
Water-rat,  408  and  n.  2. 
Wedlock,  without  love,  147  and  n.  3. 
Welkin,  137  and  n.  5. 
Wesley,   Samuel,  lines    by,    Life, 

XV. 

Westminster  Abbey,  monument  to 
the  memory  of  Butler  in.  Life, 
xiv. 

Whachum,  Sidrophel's  zany,  cha- 
racter of,  225  and  n.  2 ;  227,  231, 
232,  233,  253,  n.  4;  254,  256, 
258    259 

Whale,  230  ;  with  legs,  230,  n.  6. 

Whetstones,  138  ;  meaning  of  the 
term,  138,  n.  2. 

WhifBers,  198  and  n.  3. 

Whimsied  chariots,  264,  n.  4. 

Whinyard,  signifies  a  sword,  102, 
n.  3;  103. 

Whipping,  virtue's  governess,  165 
and  n.  5. 

Whipping-post,  described,  83  and 
n.  2. 

Whitehall,  cabal  at,  347,  n.  2. 

White-pot,  16. 

White,  Thomas,  172  and  n.  4. 

Whiltington,  legend  of,  352  and 
n.  2. 

Whore  of  Babylon,  127  and  n.  2  ; 
355  and  n.  4. 


Widgeon,  or  Pigeon,  14,  n.  1. 

Widow,  the,  beloved  by  Hudibras, 
96 ;  conjectures  respecting,  96  ; 
is  informed  of  the  Knight's  cap- 
tivity, 139 ;  sets  out  to  visit  hira, 
1.39;  her  conference  with  him, 
142 ;  recommends  hanging,  or 
dro-svning,  153 ;  ridicules  love- 
compliments,  157 ;  eulogizes 
whipping,  165  ;  releases  Hudibras 
on  terms,  169  ;  is  visited  by  Hu- 
dibras, 274 ;  her  interview  with 
him,  275  ;  exposes  his  falsehood, 
283;  ridicules  matrimony,  287, 
302  ;  treats  him  with  a  masquer- 
ade of  devils,  306;  receives  an 
epistle  from  the  Knight,  424 ;  her 
answer,  436. 

Widows,  Indian,  burnt  on  the  fune- 
ral piles  of  their  husbands,  290 
and  n.  3. 

Wight,  Isle  of,  negotiation  in  the, 
377,  n.  5. 

Wind,  in  hypocondres  pent,  244 
and  n.  2. 

Windore,  or  -window,  50  ;  151  and 
n.  6;    188. 

Wines,  working  of,  146  and  n.  4. 

Witches,  said  to  ride  upon  broom- 
sticks, 89,  n.  4 ;  283  and  n.  1  ; 
their  prayers  said  backwards,  98 
and  n.  2  ;  drawing  blood"  of,  136 
and  n.  1 ;  thrown  in  water,  154, 
n.  2 ;  make  pictures  to  destroy, 
186,  n.  3  ;  of  Lapland,  sell  bottled 
air,  187  and  n.  3  ;  persecution  of, 
215  and  n.  5  ;  execution  of,  216 
and  n.  2  ;  ghost  of  one,  282  and 
n.  1  ;   crony,  309  and  n.  3. 

Wither,  George,  a  party  writer,  30, 
n.  1. 

Withers,  a  puritanical  oificer,  217, 
n.  5. 

Witnesses,  winding  up  of,  188  and 
n.  1  ;  hireling,  422,  n.  '2. 

Wives,  a  dose  of,  252  and  n.  1. 

Wizards,  on  consultmg,  211  and 
n.  3. 

Woman,  piety  and  energy  of,  203, 
n.  .3. 

Women,  old,  juries  of,  286  and  n. 


rSBEX. 


473 


2 ;  assertion  respecting,  298  and 
n.  2  ;  will  of,  339  and  n.  4  ;  in- 
fluence of,  4-16  and  n.  2. 

Woodstock,  treaty  with  the  Devil 
at,  217  and  n.  4. 

Worcester's  Century  of  Inventions 
bantered,  395,  n.  3. 

Words  of  second-hand  intention, 
235  and  n.  4. 

World's  end,  231  and  n.  1. 

Wounds,  honourable  ones,  90  and 
n.  2. 

Wright's  Glossar}',  137 


Wycherley,  Mr,  Life,  U. 


Xerxes,  whipped  the  sea,  167  and 
n.  1. 

Young,   Dr  James,  his    Sidrophel 
Vapulans,  210,  n.  1. 

Zany,  225  ;  a  buffoon,  225,  n.  2. 
Zodiac-constellations,  250  and  n.  2. 
Zoroaster,  239,  and  n.  1  ;  doctrine 
of,  327  and  n.  2, 


T    ir=^-:i'i 


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2  vols.      y.  6d.   each. 

BURN  (B)  Ancient  Rome  and 
its  Neighbourhood.  An  Illus- 
trated Handbook  to  the  Ruins  in 
the  City  and  the  Campagna,  for 
the  use  of  Travellers.  By  Robert 
Burn,  M.A.  With  numerous 
Illustrations,  Maps,  and  Plans. 
ys.  6d. 

BURNS  (Robert),  Life  of.  By 
J.  G.  Lockhart,  D.C.L.  A 
new  and  enlarged  Edition.  Re- 
vised by  Willia'm  Scott  Douglas. 
3..  6,/. 


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BITRTON'S  (Robert)  Anatomy  of 
Melancholy.  Edited  by  the  Rev. 
A.  K.  Shilleto,  M.A.  With  In- 
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full  Index      3  vols.     y.  6d.  each 

BURT  --N  (Sir  R.  F.)  Personal 
Narrative  of  a  Pilgrimage  to 
Al-Madlnah  and  Meccah.  By 
Captain  Sir  Richard  F.  Burton, 
K.C.M.G.  With  an  Introduction 
by  Stanley  Lane- Poole,  and  all 
the  original  Illustrations.  2  vols. 
3i.  (xi.  each. 

,*,  This  is  the  copyright  edi- 
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BUTLER'S  (Bishop)  Analogy  of 
Religion,  Natural  and  Revealed, 
to  the  Constitution  and  Course  of 
Nature ;  together  with  two  Dis- 
sertations on  Personal  Identity  and 
on  the  Nature  of  Virtue,  and 
Fifteen  Sermons,     p.  (xi. 

BUTLER'S  (Samuel)  Hudibras. 
With  Variorum  Notes,  a  Bio- 
graphy, Portrait,  and  28  Illus- 
trations,    y. 

or,  further  Illustrated  with  60 

Outline    Portraits.       2    vols.      5^. 
each 

CESAR.  Commentaries  on  the 
Qalllc  and  Civil  Wars  Trans- 
lated by  W.  A.  McDevltte,  B.A. 

CAMOENS'  Luslad  ;  or,  the  Dis- 
cover)' of  India.  An  Epic  Poem. 
Translated  by  W.  J.  Mickle.  5th 
Edition,  revised  by  E.  R.  Hodges, 
M  C.P.     IS.  (xJ. 

CARAFA3  (The)  of  Maddaloni 
Naples  under  Spanish  Dominion. 
Translated  from  the  German  of 
Alfred  de  Reumont.     y.  (xl. 

CaRLYLES  Sartor  Resartus- 
With  75  Ilhistraiiiins  by  Edmund 
J.  Sullivan,     y. 

CARPENTERS     (Dr.    W.     B.) 

Zoology.      Revised    Edition,    by 

W    S    DalUs,  K.L.S.     With  very 

numerous  Wo"Hculs.     Vol   I.  f>s. 

[  yol.  //.  out  of  print. 


CARPENTER'S  Mechanical 
Philosophy,  Astronomy,  and 
Horology.     181  Woodcuts.     5^. 

Vegetable   Physiology    and 

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&c.  With  very  numerous  Wood- 
cuts.    6j. 

Animal  Physiology.    Revised 

Edition.  With  upwards  of  300 
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CASTLE  (E.)  Schools  and 
Masters  of  Fence,  from  the 
Middle  Ages  to  the  End  of  the 
Eighteenth  Century.  By  Egerton 
Castle,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  With  a 
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trated with  140  Reproductions  of 
Old  Engravings  and  6  Plates  of 
Swords,  showing  114  Examples. 
(>s. 

CATTERMOLE'S  Evenings  at 
Haddon  Hail.  With  24  En- 
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Cattermole,  the  Letterpress  by  the 
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CATULLUS,  Tibullus,  and  the 
Vigil  of  Venus.  A  Literal  Prose 
Translation.      5^. 

CELLINI  (Benvenuto).  Me- 
moirs of,  written  by  Himself. 
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y.  U. 

CERVANTES'  Don  Quixote  de 
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lation  revised.  2  vols.  3^-.  (xi. 
each. 

Galatea.       A    Pastoral    Ro 

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Exemplary    Novels.     Trans 

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CHAUCER'3  Poetical  Works. 
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Edition,  wilh  a  Preliminary  Essay 
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CHESS    CONGRESS  of  1862. 

A  Collection  of  the  Games  played. 
Edited  by  J.  Lowenthal.     5^. 

CHEVRETJL  on  Colour.  Trans- 
lated from  the  French  by  Charles 
Martel.  Third  Edition,  with 
Plates,  Si. ;  or  with  an  additional 
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7^.  6a. 

CHILLINGWORTH'S  Religion 
of  Protestants.  A  Safe  Way  to 
Salvation.     3j-.  6a?. 

CHINA,  Plolorial,  Desoriptiye, 
and  Historical.  With  Map  and 
nearly  100  Illustrations.     5J. 

CHRONICLES  OP  THE  CRU- 
SADES. Contemporary  Narra- 
tives of  the  Crusade  of  Richard 
Cceur  de  Lion,  by  Richard  of 
Devizes  and  Geoffrey  de  Vinsauf ; 
and  of  the  Crusade  at  St.  Louis, 
by  Lord  John  de  Joinville.     5^-. 

CICERO'S  Orations.  Translated 
by  Prof.  C.  D.  Yonge,  M.A.  4 
vols.     5^.  each. 

Letters.  Translated  by  Evelyn 

S.  Shuckburgh.    4  vols.    5^-.  each. 

On    Oratory    and    Orators. 

With  Letters  to  Quintus  and 
Brutus  Translated  by  the  Rev. 
J.  S.  Watson,  M.A.     5^. 

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Divination,  Fate,  Laws,  a  Re- 
public, Consulship.  Translated 
by  Prof.  C  n.  Yonge,  M.A.,  and 
Francis  Barham.     5^. 

Academics,  De  Finibus,  and    ! 

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CICERO'S  Offices  ;  or.  Moral 
Duties.  Cato  Major,  an  Essay 
on  Old  Age;  Laslius,  an  Essay 
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Magistrates.  Translated  by  C.  R. 
Edmonds,     y.  bd. 

CORNELIUS    NEPOS.-  Set 

lUSTlN. 


CLARK'S  (Hugh)  Introduction 
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vised and  Enlarged  by  J.  R. 
Planche,  Rouge  Croix.  With 
nearly  looo  Illustrations.  5^.  Or 
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CLASSIC  TALES,  containing 
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COLERIDGE'S   (S.  T.)  Friend. 

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Politics,  and  Religion.     3^-.  6d. 

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Lectures     and     Notes    on 

Shakespeare  and  other  EngUsh 
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Blographia  Literaria ;  to- 
gether with  Two  Lay  Sermons. 
3j.  ()d. 

Table-Talk   and    Omniana. 

Edited  by  T.  Ashe,  B.A.     3^.  6d. 

Miscellanies,  .Esthetic  and 

Literary;  to  which  is  added, 
The  Theory  of  Life  Col- 
lected and  arranged  by  T.  Ashe, 
B.A.     y.  6d. 

COMTE'S  Positive  Philosophy. 
Translated  and  condensed  by 
Harriet  Martineau.  With  Intro- 
duction by  Frederic  Harrison. 
3  vols.     5J.  each. 

COMTE'S  Philosophy  of  the 
Sciences,  being  an  Exposition  of 
the  Principles  of  the  Cotirs  de 
Philosophie  Posilire.  By  G.  H. 
Lewes,     y. 

CONDE'S  History  of  the  Do- 
minion of  the  Arabs  in  Spain. 
Translated  by  Mrs.  Fosler.  3 
vols.     3^.  bd.  each. 


Contained  in  Bokn's  Libraries. 


COOPER'S  Blographloal  Dlo 
Uonary.  Coniaining  Concise 
Notices  (upwards  of  15,000)  of 
Eminem  Persons  of  all  Ages  and 
Counlries.  By  Thompson  Cooper, 
K.S  A.  With  a  Supplement, 
brmging  the  work  down  to  1883. 
2  vols.     5^.  each. 

COXES  Memoirs  of  the  Dilke  of 
Marlborough.  With  his  original 
Correspondence.  By  W.  Coxe, 
M.A.,  F.R.S.  Revise<l  edition 
by  John  Wade  3  vols.  y.  dd. 
each. 

*,*  An  Atlas  of  the  plans  of 
Marlborough's  campaigns,  4to. 
I  OS.  6d. 

History    of    Ibe    House    of 

Austria  (121S-1792).  With  a 
Continuation  from  the  Accession 
of  Francis  I.  to  the  Revolution  of 
184S.     4  vols      31.  (xi.  each. 

CMAIK'S(G.L.)Purs>ut  of  Know- 
ledge under  Difficulties.  Illus- 
trated liy  .'\necdotes  and  Memoirs. 
Revised  edition,  with  numerous 
Woixlcut  Torlraitsand  I'lates.    5^. 

CRtriKSHANKS  Punch  and 
Judy.  The  Dialogue  of  the 
Puppet  Show  ;  an  Account  of  its 
Origin,  &c.  With  24  Illustra- 
tions, and  Coloured  I'lates,  de- 
signed and  engraved  by  G.  Cruik- 
shank.     51. 

CUNNINGHAM'S  Lives  of  the 
Most  Eminent  British  Painters. 
.\  New  Kdiiion,  with  Notes  and 
Sixteen  fresh  Lives.  By  Mrs 
Ileaton.     3  vols.     y.  (xi.  each. 

DANTE.  Divine  Comedy.  Trans 
lated  by  the  Rev.  II.  F.  Gary, 
M.A.     y.  6</. 

Translated  into  English  Verse 

by  I.  C.  Wright,  .M.A.  3rd  Edi- 
tion, revi.sed.  With  Portrait,  and 
34  Illustrations  on  Steel,  after 
Klaxman. 


DANTE.  The  Inferno.  A  Literal 
Prose  Translation,  with  the  Text 
of  tht  Original  printed  on  the  same 
page.    By  John  A.  Carlyle,  M.D. 

The  Purgatorlo.     A  Literal 

Prose  Translation,  with  the  Text 
printed  on  the  same  page.  By 
SV.  S.  Dugdale.     y. 

DE  COMMINES  (Philip),  Me- 
moirs of.  Containingthe  Histories 
of  Louis  XI.  and  Charles  VIII., 
Kings  of  France,  and  Charles 
the  Bold,  Duke  of  Burgundy. 
Together  with  the  Scandalous 
Chronicle,  or  Secret  History  ol 
Louis  XL,  by  Jean  de  Troyes. 
Tr.inslated  by  Andrew  R.  Scoble. 
With  Portraits.  2  vols.  y.  6ti. 
each. 

DEFOE'S  Novels  and  Miscel- 
laneous Works.  With  Prefaces 
and  Notes,  including  those  attri- 
buted to  Sir  W.  Scott.  7  vols. 
y.  (>d.  each. 

I. — Captain  Singleton,  and 
Co'or.el  Jack. 

II. — Memoirs    of  a    Cavalier, 
I  Captain      Carleton, 

Dickory  Cronke,  &c. 

III.  — Moll  Flanders,  and  the 
History  of  the  Devil. 

IV.  — Roxana,  and  Life  of  Mrs. 
Christian  Davies. 

V.  —  II  istory  of  the  Great  Plague 
of  London,  1665 ;  The 
Storm  (1703)  ;  and  the 
True-born  Englishman. 

VI.— Duncan  Campbell,  New 
Voyage  round  the 
World,  and  Political 
Tracts. 

VII. — Robinson  Crusoe. 

DE  LOLME  on  the  Constitution 
of  England.  Edited  by  John 
Macgregor.     y.  W. 


8. 


An  Alphabetical  List  of  Books 


DEMMIN'S  History  of  Arms 
and  Armour  from  (he  Earliest 
Period.  By  Augiiste  Demmin. 
Translated  by  C.  C.  Black,  M.A. 
With   nearly   2000    Illustrations. 

DEMOSTHENES'  Orations. 
Translated  by  C.  Rann  Kennedy. 
5  vols.  Vol.  I. ,  3j.  6,/.  ;  Vols. 
II.-V.,  5J-.  each. 

DE  STAEL'S  Corinne  or  Italy. 
By  Madame  de  Stael.  Trans- 
lated by  Emily  Baldwin  and 
Paulina  Driver.     3^.  ()d. 

DEVEY'S  Logic,  or  the  Science 
of  Inference.  A  Popular  Manual. 
By  J.  Devey.     5j^. 

DICTIONARY  of  Latin  and 
Greek  Quotations ;  including 
Proverbs,  Maxims,  Mottoes,  Law 
Terms  and  Phrases.  With  all  the 
Quantities  mirked,  and  English 
Translations.  With  Index  Ver- 
borum  {622  pages),     p. 

DICTIONARY  of  Obsolete  and 
Provincial  English.  Compiled 
by  Thomas  Wright,  M.A.,  F.S  A., 
&c.     2  vols.     $s.  each. 

DIDRON'S  ChrisUan  Icono- 
graphy :  a  History  of  Christian 
Art  in  the  Middle  Ages.  Trans- 
lated by  E.  J  Millington  and 
completed  by  Margaret  Stokes. 
With  240  Illustrations.  2  vols. 
5^.  each. 

DIOGENES  LAERTIUS.  Lives 
and  Opinions  of  the  Ancient 
Philosophers.  Translated  by 
Prof  C.  D.  Yonge,  M  A.     5/. 

DOBREES  Adversaria.  Edited 
by  the  late  Prof  Wagner.  2  vols. 
$s.  each. 

D  ODD'S  Epigrammatists.  A 
Selection  from  the  Epigrammatic 
Literature  of  Ancient,  Media;val, 
and  Modern  Times.  By  the  Rev! 
Henry  Philip  Dodd,  M.A.  Ox- 
ford. 2nd  Edition,  revised  and 
enlarged.    6.f. 


DONALDSON'S  The  Theatre  of 
the  Greeks.  A  Treatise  on  the 
History  and  Exhibition  of  (he 
Greek  Drama.  With  numerous 
Illustralionsand3Plans.  Byjohn 
William  Donaldson,  D.D.     5^. 

DRAPER'S    History    of    the 
Intellectual     Development     of 
Europe.  By  John  William  Draper, 
;       M.D.,  LL.D.     2  vols.     si.  each. 

DHNLOP'S  History  of  Fiction. 
A  new  Edition.  Revised  by 
Henry  Wilson.    2  vols.    5^-.  each. 

DYER  (Dr  T.  H.).  Pompeii :  its 
Buildings  and  Antiquities.  By 
T.  H.  Dyer,  LL.D.  With  nearly 
300  Wood  Engravings,  a  large 
j  Map,  and  a  Plan  of  the  Forum. 
7s.  bd. 

The  City  of  Rome  :  its  History 

and   Monuments.     With   Illustra- 
tions.    5^. 

DYER  (T.  F.  T.)  British  Popular 
Customs,  Present  and  Past. 
An  Account  of  the  various  Games 
and  Customs  associated  with  Dif- 
ferent Days  of  the  Vear  in  the 
British  Isles,  arranged  according 
to  the  Calendar.  By  the  Rev. 
T.  F.  Thiselton   Dyer,  M.A.     t,s. 

EARLY  TRAVELS  IN  PALES- 
TINE.  Edited  by  Thomas 
Wright,  M.A.  With  Map  of 
Jerusalem.     5j-. 

EBERS'  Egyptian  Princess.  An 
Historical  Novel.  By  George 
Ebers.  Translated  by  E.  S. 
Buchheim.     p.  6d. 

EDGE  WORTHS  Stories  for 
Children.  With  S  Illustrations 
by  L.  Speed,     ^s.  6J. 

ELZES  WlUiam  Shakespeare. 
— See  Shakespeare. 

EMERSON'S     Works.      3    vols 
y.  6d.  each. 

I.— Essay.s,  Lectures  and  Poems. 
II.— English  Traits,   Nature,  and 
Conduct  of  Life. 


Contained  in  Bokn's  Libraries. 


Emerson's  Works  coHtinued. 
III.— Society  and  Solitude— Letters 
and   Social   aims  —  Miscel- 
laneous    Papers     (hitherto 
uncollected)  —  May      Day, 
and  other  I'oems. 
ELLIS  (G.)     Specimens  of  Early 
Engllsli    Metrical    Romances. 
With  an    Historical   Introduction 
on    the    Rise    and     Progress    of 
Romantic  Composition  in  France 
and  England.       Revised   Edition. 
Ky  J.  O.  Halliwell,  F.R.S.     5^^. 

ENNEMOSER'S  History  of 
Magic.  Translated  by  William 
Howitt.     2  vols.     1$.  each. 

EPICTETUS.  The  Discourses  of. 
With  the  Encheiridio.v  and 
Fr.-igments.  Translated  by  George 
Long,  M.A.     IS. 

EURIPIDES.  A  New  Literal 
Translation  in  Prose.  By  E.  P. 
Coleridge,  M.A.    2  vols.    Si.each. 

EUTROPITJS.— j-«  Justin. 

EUSEBItrS  PAMPHILUS 
EcolealasUoal  History  of.  Trans- 
lated by  Rev.C.F.Cru.se,M.A.   5^. 

EVELYNS    Diary  and    Corre- 
spondendence.     Edited  from  the 
Oiiginal     MSS.     by    W.     Bray, 
F.A.S.     With  45  engravings.     4    t 
vols.  5j.  each. 

PAIRHOLT'S  Costume  in  Eng- 
land. A  History  of  Dress  to  the 
end  of  the  Eighteenth  Century. 
3rd  Edition,  revised,  by  Viscount 
Dillon,  V.P.S.A.  Illustrated  with 
above  700  Engravings.  2  vols. 
5.f.  each. 

FIELDINGS  Adventures  of 
Joseph  Andrews  and  his  Friend 
Mr.  Abraham  Adams.  With 
Cruiksh.-ink's  Illu.strations.   3.t.  &/. 

History  of  Tom    Jones     a 

Foundling.      With   Ciuikshank's 
Illuslrati.ins.    2  vols.   31.  6,/.  each. 

-—  Amelia.     With    Cruikshank  s 
Illustrations.     5^. 


PLAXMAN'S  Lectures  on  Sculp- 

I       ture.      By  John    Flaxman,    R.A. 

With  Portrait  and  53  Plates.     6j. 

PLORENCEof  WORCESTER'S 

I  Chronicle,  with  the  Two  Con- 
tinuations :  comprising  Annals  of 

I  English  History,  from  the  De- 
parture of  the  Romans  to  the 
Reign  of  Edward  I.  Translated 
by  Thomas  Forester,  M.A.     5^ 

POSTERS  (John)  Life  and  Cor- 
respondence. Edited  by  J  E 
Ryland.     2  vols.     y.  6d.  each. 

— —  Critical  Essays.  Edited  by 
J.  E.  Ryland.  2  vols.  y.  td 
each. 

Essays  :  on  Decision  of  Cha- 
racter ;  on  a  Man's  writing  Me- 
moirs of  Himself ;  on  the  epithet 
Romantic  ;  on  the  aversion  of 
Men  of  Taste  to  Evangelical  Re- 
ligion.    1$.  fid. 

Essays  on  the  Evils  of  Popular 

Ignorance  ;  to  which  is  added,  a 
Discourse  on  the  Propagation  of 
Christianity  in  India,     y.  6d. 

I   Essays  on  the  Improvement 

of    Time.       With     Notes     of 
Ser.mons     and     other      Pieces 
3-f-  6</. 

Posterlana.        Selected     and 

Edited  by  Henry  G.  Bohn.  3^.  6d. 

GASPARY'S  History  of  ItaUan 
Literature.     Translated  by  Her- 
man     Oelsner,      M.A.,       Ph  D 
Vol.  I.     p.  ed. 

GEO?FR6,Y  OP  MONMOUTH 

Chronicle  of.  —  &e  Si.v  o.  E. 

Chi  onit  Us. 

GESTA  ROMANORUM.  or  En. 
tertaining  Moral  Stories  invented 
by  the  Monks.  Translated  by  the 
Rev.  Charles  Swan  Revised 
l-.dilion,    by     Wynnard     Hooper, 

OlL~)AS,  Chronicles  of-^«  six 
O.  E.  Chronicles, 


10 


An  Alphabetical  List  of  Books 


OIBBON'S  Decline  and  Fall  of  [ 
the  Roman  Empire      Complete 
and   Unabridged,   with  Variorum 
Notes.       Edited    by   an    English 
Churchman.     With  2   Maps  and 
Portrait.     7  vols.     31.  6rf.  each. 
GILBART'S  History,  Principles,  ' 
and  Praotlee  of  BanMng.     By 
the   late  J.   W.   Gilbart,    F.R.S. 
New   Edition,   revised   by  A.   S. 
Michie.     2  vols.     los. 
GIL  BLAS,  The  Adventures  of. 
Translated   from    the    French   of 
Lesage    by   Smollett.      With   24 
Engravu^gs  on  Steel,  after  Smirke, 
and  10  Etchings  by  George  Cruik- 
shank.     6.f. 
GIRALDUS      CAMBRENSIS' 
Historical   Works.      Translated 
by  Th.   Forester,  M.A.,   and  Sir 
R.  Colt  Hoare.     Revised  Edition, 
Edited  by  Thomas  Wright,  M.A  , 
F.S.A.     5i. 
GOETHE'S  Faust-     Part  I.    Ger- 
man Text  with  Hayward's  Prose 
Translation  and  Notes.     Revised 
by  C.  A.  Buchheim,  Ph.D.     5:r. 
GOETHE'S    Works.     Translated 
into    English   by   various   hands. 
14  vols.     3^.  dd.  each 
I.  and  II. — Autobiography   and 
Annals. 
III.— Faust.      Two     Parts,    com- 
plete.    (Swan  wick.) 
IV. — Novels  and  Tales, 
v.— Wilhelm  Meister's   Appren- 
ticeship. 
VI. —Conversations    with    Ecker- 
mann  and  Soret. 
VIII.— Dramatic  Works. 
IX.— Wilhelm  Meister's  Travels. 
X. — Tour  in  Italy,  and  Second 
Residence  in  Rome. 
XL— Miscellaneous  Travels. 
XII.— Early     and      Miscellaneous 

Letters. 
XIII  —Correspondence  with  Zcltrr. 
XIV.  — Reineke  Fox,  West-Eastern 
Divan  and  Achilleid. 


GOLDSMITH'S  Works.     A  new 

Edition,  by  I     W.   M.  Gibli*.      5 
vols.     31   hd.  e.ich 

GRAMMONT'S  Memoirs  of  the 
Court  of  Charles  II  Edited  by 
Sir  Walter  Scott.  Together  with 
the  BoscOEEL  Tracts,  including 
two  not  before  published,  Ac. 
New  Edition.     5^- 

GRAY'S  Letters.  Including  the 
Correspondence  of  Gray  and 
Mason.  Edited  by  the  Rev 
D.  C.  Tovey,  M.A.  Vol.  I 
y.  6d.  [  Vol.  ii.  in  the  press. 

GREEK  ANTHOLOGY.    Trans 

lated  by  George  Burges,  M.A.    5j 

GREEK  ROMANCES  of  HeUo 
dorus,  Longtis,  and  Achilles 
Tatius — viz..  The  Adventures  of 
Theagenes  &  Chaiiclea  ;  Amours 
of  Daphnis  and  Chloe  ;  and  Loves 
of  Clitopho  and  Leucippe.  Trans- 
lated by   Rev.    R.    Smith,   M.A. 

GREGORY'S  Letters  on  the 
Evidences,  Doctrines,  &  Duties 
of  the  Christian  Religion.  By 
Dr.  Olinthus  Gregory,     y.  6d. 

GREENE,  MARLOWE,  and 
BEN  JONSON.  Poems  of 
Edited  by  Robert  Bell.     3J.  6d. 

GRIMM'S  TALES.  With  the 
Notes  of  the  Original.  Translated 
by  Mrs.  A.  Hunt.  With  Intro- 
duction by  Andrew  Lang,  M.A. 
2  vols.     3^-  6d.  each. 

Gammer  Grethel ;  or,  Ger- 
man Fairy  Tales  and  Popular 
Stories.  Containing  42  Fairy 
Tales.  Trans,  by  Edgar  Taylor. 
With  numerous  Woodcuts  after 
George  Cruikshank  and  Ludwig 
Grimm,     y.  6d. 

GROSSI'.j  Marco  Visconti. 
Translated  by  .A.  K.  1).  The 
Ballads  rendered  into  English 
Verse  by  C.  M.  P.     y-  6d. 


Contained  in  Bohn's  Libraries. 


i\ 


GTJIZOT'S  History  of  the 
English  Revolution  of  1640. 
From  the  Acte^sicm  of  Charles 
I.  to  his  Death.  Translated  by 
William  Hazlitt.     y.  6d. 

History  of  CiviUsatlon,  from 

the  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire  to 
the  French  Revolution.  Trans- 
lated liy  William  Hazlitt.  3  vols. 
3^.  (xl.  each. 

HALL'S  (Rev.  Robert)  Dliscel- 
laneous  Works  and  Remains. 
is.  M. 

HAJVIPTON  CntJRT:  A  Short 
History  of  the  Manor  and 
Palace.  By  Krnest  Law,  P.  A. 
With  numLTous  Illustrations.     >.r. 

HARDWICK'S  History  of  the 
Articles  of  Religion.  By  the  late 
C.  Ilardwick.  Revised  by  the 
Rev.  Francis  Procter,  M.A.     ^s. 

HAUPF'S  Tales.  The  Caravan— 
The  Sheik  of  Alexandria— The 
Inn  in  the  Spessart  Trans,  from 
the'Jerman  by.S.  Mendel.   p.6ii. 

HAWTHORNE'S  Tales      4  vols. 
}s.  W.  each. 
I. —Twice-told   Tales,    and    iht 

Snow  Image. 
II.     .Scarlet  I^-tter.and  the  House 
with  the  Seven  Gables. 
III. — Transformation  [The  Marble 
Faun],  and  Blithedale  Ro- 
mance. 
IV. — Mosses  from  an  Old  Manse. 

HAZLITT  S  Table-talk.  Essays 
on  .Men  and  Manners.  By  W. 
Hazlitt.     jx.  6t/. 

Lectures  on  the  Literature 

of  the  Age  of  EUzabeth  and  on 
Characters  of  .Shakespeare's  Plays 
3...  6./. 

Lectures    on     the    English 

Poets,  and  on  the  Knglish  Comic 
Writers.     3.1.  6(/. 

The  Plain  Speaker.  Opinions 

on  Books,  Men,  and  Things.  is,6i/, 

Round  Table,     js.  6d. 


and 


HAZLITT'S     Sketches 
Essays.    3^.  6,1 

The  Sphlt  of  the  Age ;    or, 

Contemporary  Portraits.  Edited 
by  W.  Carew  Hazlitt.     3^.  6d. 

HEATON'S  Concise  History  of 
Painting.  New  Edition,  revised 
by  Cosmo  Monkhouse.     5^. 

HEGEL'S  Lectures  on  the  Philo- 
sophy of  History .  Translated  by 
J.  Sibree,  M.,\. 

HEINE'S  Poems,  Complete 
Translated  by  Edgar  A.  Bowrine. 
C.B.     3^.  6d.        ' 

Travel-Pictures,  including  the 

Tour  in  the  Harz,  Norderney,  and 
Book  of  Ideas,  together  with  the 
Romantic  School.  Translated  by 
Francis  Storr.  A  New  Edition, 
revised  throughout.  With  Appen- 
dices and  Maps.     3J.  6rf. 

HELP'S  Life  of  Christopher 
Columbus,  tne  Discoverer  of 
America.  By  Sir  Arthur  Helps, 
K.C.B.     3.r.  6d. 

HELP'S  Life  of  Hernando  Cortes, 
and  the  Conquest  of  Mexico.  2 
vols.     3i.  6(/.  e.ich. 

Life  of  Pizarro.     3^.  6J. 

Lifeof  Las  Casas  the  Apostle 

of  the  Indies,     y.  td. 

HENDERSON  (E.)  Select  His- 
torical Documents  of  the  Middle 
Ages,  including  the  most  famous 
Charters  relating  to  England,  the 
Fmpirc,  the  Church,  &.C.,  from 
the  6th  to  the  I4lh  Centuries. 
Translated  from  the  Latin  and 
edited  by  Ernest  F.  Henderson, 
A.B.,  A..\I.,  Ph.D.      t,s. 

HENFREYS  Guide  to  EngUsh 
Coins,  from  the  Conquest  to  the 
present  time.  New  and  revised 
Edition  by  C.  F.  Keary,  M.A., 
F.S.A.     6s. 

HENRY  OF  HUNTINGDON'S 
History  of  the  English.  Trans- 
lated by  T.  Forester,  M.A.     Jj, 


12 


An  Alphabetical  List  of  Books 


HENRY'S  ( Matthew)  Exposition 
of  the  Book  of  the  Psalms.     5^. 

HELIODORUS.  Theagenes  and 
Chariolea.  —  See  Greek  Ro- 
mances. 

HERODOTUS.  Translated  by  the 
Rev.  Henry  Gary,  M.A.     35.  6rf. 

Notes  on.  Original  and  Se- 
lected from  the  best  Commenta- 
tors. By  D.  \V.  Turner,  M.A. 
With  Coloured  Map.     S^f. 

Analysis  and   Summary  of 

By  J.  T.  Wheeler.     $s. 

HESIOD,  CALLIMACHUS,  and 
THEOGNIS.  Translated  by  the 
Rev.  J.  Banks,  M.A.     5^. 

HOFFMANN'S  (E.  T.  W.)  The 
SerapiOQ  Brethren.  Translated 
from  the  German  by  Lt. -Col.  Alex. 
Ewing.     2  vols.     3^.  6d.  each. 

HOLBEIN'S  Dance  of  Death 
and  Bible  Cuts  Upwards  of  150 
Subjects,  engraved  in  facsimile, 
with  Introduction  and  Descrip- 
tions by  Francis  Douce  and  Dr. 
Thomas  Frognall  Dibden.     5^. 

HOMER'S  Iliad.  Translated  into 
English  Prose  by  T.  A.  Buckley, 
B.A.     y. 

Odyssey.    Hymns,  Epigrams, 

and  Battle  of  the  Frogs  and  Mice. 
Translated  into  English  Prose  by 
T.  A.  Buckley,  B.A.     $5. 

See  also  Pope. 

HOOPER'S  (G.)  Waterloo  :    The 

Downfall  of  the  First  Napo- 
leon :  a  History  of  the  Campaign 
ol  1815.  By  George  Hooper. 
With  Maps  and  Plans      y.  bd. 

The   Campaign   of   Sedan  : 

The  Downfall  of  the  Second  Em- 
pire, August  -  Sept -mber,  1870. 
With  General  Map  and  Six  Plans 
of  Battle.     3J-.  6rf. 

HORACE.  A  new  literal  Prose 
translation,  byA.  Hamilton  Bryce, 
LL.D.     3i.  dd. 


HUGO'S  (Victor)  Dramatic 
Works  Hernani  -  Ruy  Bias — 
The  King's  Diversion.  Translated 
by  Mrs.  Newton  Crosland  and 
F.  L.  Slous.     3^.  bd. 

Poems,  chiefly  Lyrical.  Trans- 
lated by  various  Writers,  now  first 
collected  by  J.  H.  L.  Williams. 
3^.  dd. 

HUMBOLDT'S  Cosmos.  Trans- 
lated by  E.  C.  Otte,  B.  H.  Paul, 
and  W.  S.  Dallas,  F.L.S.  5  vols. 
3x.  6rf.  each,  excepting  Vol.  V.  5.r. 

Personal   Narrative    of   his 

Travels  to  the  Equinoctial  Regions 
of  America  during  the  years  1799- 
1804.  Translated  by  T.  Ross.  3 
vols.     5^.  each. 

Views  of  Nature.    Translated 

by  E.  C.   Otte  and   H.  G.  Bohn. 

HUMPHREYS'  Com  Collector's 
Manual.  By  H.  N.  Humphreys, 
with  upwards  of  140  Illustrations 
on  Wood  and  Steel.  2  vols.  5^. 
each. 

HUNGARY :  its  History  and  Re- 
volution, together  with  a  copious 
Memoir  of  Kossuth      y.  td. 

HUTCHINSON  (Colonel).  Me- 
moirs of  the  Life  of.  By  his 
Widow,  Lucy  :  together  with  her 
Autobiography,  and  an  Account 
of  the  Siege  of  Lathom  House. 
y.  6d. 

HUNT'S  Poetry  of  Science.  By 
Richard  Hunt.  3rd  Edition,  re- 
vised and  enlarged      5^. 

INDIA  BEFORE  THE  SEPOY 
MUTINY.  A  Pictorial.  De- 
scriptive, and  iiistorioai  Ac- 
count, from  the  Earliest  Times 
to  the  Annexation  of  the  Punjab, 
with  upwards  of  100  Engravings 
on  Wood,  and  a  Map.     5.1. 

INGULPH'a  Chronicles  of  the 
Atjbey  of  Croyland  with  the 
CONTINUAl  ION  by  Peter  of  Blois 
and  other  Writers.  Translated  by 
H.  T.  Riley,  M.A.     5^. 


Contained  in  Bohn's  Libraries. 


13 


IRVING'S    (Washington)   Com. 
plete  Works.   15  vols.  With  Por- 
traits, &c.     y.  td.  each. 
I.— Salmagundi,      Knicker- 
bocker's History  of  New 
York. 
II.— The  Sketch-Book,  and  the 
Life  of  Oliver  Goldsmith. 
III.— Bracebridge   Hall,    Abbots- 
ford  and  Newstead  Abbey. 
IV.— The  Alhambra,  Tales  of  a 
Traveller, 
v.- Chronicle  of  the  Conquest 
of  Granada,    Legends  of 
the  Conquest  of  Spain. 
VI.  &  VII.— Life    and    Voyages   of 
Columbus,  together  with 
the  Voyages  of  his  Com 
panions. 
VIII.— Astoria,    A    Tour    on    the 
Prairies. 
XI.— Lifeof  Mahomet,  Livesof  the 
Successors  of  Mahomet. 
X. — Adventures  of  Captain  Bon 
neville,  U.S.A.,  Wolfcrt's 
Roost. 
XL— Biographies    and    Miscella- 
neous Papers. 
XII. -XV. —Life  of  George  Wash 
ington.     4  vols. 

Life    and    Letters.      By  his 

Nephew,  Pierre  E.Irving.    2 vols. 
y.  6./.  each. 
ISOCRATES,  The  Orations   of 
Translated  by  J.  H.  Freese,  M.A. 
\ol.  I.     5i. 

JAMESS  (G.  P  R.)  Life  of 
Richard  Cceur  de  Lion.  2  vols. 
y.  (xi.  each. 

The  Life  and  Times  of  Louis 

XrV.     2  vols.      35.  6</.  each. 

JAMESONS  (Mrs.)  Shake- 
speare s  Heroines,  tjharacter- 
isiics of  Women:  Moral,  Poetical, 
and  Historical.  Hy  Mrs  Jameson. 
y.bd. 

JESSE'S  (E.)  Anecdotes  of  Dogs 
With  40  Womlcvus  and  34  Stfel 
Kngravings.     5^' 


JESSE'S  (J.H.)  Memoirs  of  the 
Court  of  England  during  the 
Reign  of  the  Stuarts,  including 
the  Protectorate.  3  vols.  With 
42  Portraits.     5''  each. 

Memoirs  of  the  Pretenders 

and  their  Adherents.     With  6 
Portraits,      y. 
JOHNSON'S  Lives  of  the  Poets. 
Edited  by  Mrs.  Alexander  Napier, 
with    Introduction    by    Professor 
Hales.     3  vols.     3/.  td.  each. 
JOSEPHUS  (Flavius),  The  Works 
of.     Whiston's    Translation,    re- 
vised by  Rev.  A.  R.  Shillelo,  M.A. 
With    Topographical    and    Geo, 
graphical    Notes   by   Colonel   Sir 
C.   W.  Wilson,   K.C.B.     5   vols. 
y.  6rf.  each. 
JOYCE'S    Scientific  Dialogues. 

With  numerous  Woodcuts.  5^. 
JXJKES-BROWNE  (A.  J.),  The 
Building  of  the  British  Isles; 
a  Study  in  Geographical  Evolu- 
tion. Illustrated  by  numerous 
Maps  and  Woodcuts.  2nd  Edition, 
revised,  75.  6ii. 

Student's     Handbook      of 

Physical    Geology.      With    nu- 
merous   Diagrams    and    Illustra- 
tions.    2nd     Edilion,    much    en- 
larged, "js.  (xi. 
JTJLLAN,  the  Emperor.   Contain- 
ing Gregory  Nazianzen's  Tvio  In- 
vectives  and    Libanus'    Monody, 
with  Julian's  extant  Theosophical 
Works.      Translated   by   C.  W. 
King,  M.A.     5^. 
t   JUSTIN  CORNELIUS  NEPOS, 
and  EUTROPIUS.     Translalcd 
j        by  the  Kuv.  J.   S.  Watson,  M.A. 

5'- 

JUVENAL.  PERSIUS.  3UL- 
PICIA  and  LUCILIUS.  Trans- 
lated by  L.  Evans,  M.A.      5^. 

JUNIUS'S  Letters.  With  all  the 
Notes  of  Woodfall's  Edition,  and 
important  .Vdditions.  2  vols.. 
y.  6d.  «ach. 


14 


/in  Alphabetical  List  of  Books 


KANT'S  Critique  of  Pure  Reason. 
Translated  by  J.  M.  D.  Meikle- 
john.     5.r. 

Prolegomena  and  Meta- 
physical Foundation  s  of  Natural 
Science.  Translated  by  E.  Belfort 
Bax.      tjs. 

KEIG-HTLEY'S  (Thomas)  My- 
thology of  Ancient  Greece  and 
Italy.  4th  Edition,  revised  by 
Leonard  Schmitz,  Ph.D.,  LL.D. 
With  12  Plates  fl-om  the  Antique. 

Fairy  Mythology,  illustrative 

of  the  Romance  and  Superstition 
of  yarious  Countries.  Revised 
Edition,  with  Frontispiece  by 
Cruikshank.      5^. 

LA  FONTAINE'S  Fables.  Trans- 
lated into  English  Verse  by  Elizur 
Wright.   New  Edition,  with  Notes   I 
by  J.  W.  M.  Gibbs.     y.dd.  ! 

LAMARTINE'S  History  of  the 
Girondists.  Translated  by  H.  T 
Ryde.      3  vols.     3.?.  (,d.  each. 

History  of  the  Restoration 

of  Monarchy  in  France  (a  .Sequel 
to  the  History  of  the  Girondists). 
4  vols.     y.  6d.  each. 

History  of  the  French  Re- 
volution of  1848.     3.f.  ed. 

LAMB'S  (Charles)  Essays  of  Ella 
and  EUana.  Complete  Edition. 
is.  6d. 

Specimens  of  English  Dra- 
matic Poets  of  the  Time  of 
Elizabeth.     3^.  6a. 

Memorials    and  Letters    of 

Charies    Lamb.       By    Serjeant 
lalfourd.     New  Edition,  revised, 
by  W.    Carew   Hazlitt.      2  vols,   i 
y.  6d.  each.  I 

LANZI'S  History  of  Painting  In 
Italy,   from    the    Period    of   the 
Revival  of  the  Fine  Arts  to  the 
End  of  the  Eighteenth  Century 
Translated    by   Thomas    Roscoe 
3  vols.     3s.  6d.  each. 


LAPPENBERG'S  History  of 
England  under  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  Kings.  Translated  by 
B.  Thorpe,  F.S.A.  New  edition, 
revised  by  E.  C.  Otte.  2  vols. 
3J-.  6d.  each. 

LECTURES    ON     PAINTING, 

by  Barry,  Opie,   Fuseli.     Edited 
by  R.  Wornum.     5^-. 

LEONARDO  DA  VINCI'S 
Treatise  on  Painting.  Trans- 
lated by  J.  F.  Rigaud,  R.A., 
With  a  Life  of  Leonardo  by  John 
William  Brown.  With  numerous 
Plates.     5J-. 

LELAND'S  Itinerary.   Edited  by 

Laurence  Gomme,  F.S.A.   Vol.  I. 

[/«  tAe  Press. 

LEPSIUS'S  Letters  from  Egypt, 
Ethiopia,  and  the  Peninsula  of 
Smai  Translated  by  L.  and 
J.  B.  Horner.     With  Maps.     55-. 

LESSING'S  Dramatic  Works, 
Complete.  Edited  by  Ernest  Bell,' 
M.A.  With  Memoir  of  Lessing 
by  Helen  Zimmern.  2  vols. 
3s.  6d.  each. 

Laokoon,   Dramatic   Notes, 

and  the  Representation  of 
Death  by  the  Ancients.  Trans- 
lated by  E.  C.  Beasley  and  Helen 
Zimmern.  Edited  by  Edward 
Bell,  M.A.  With  a  Frontispiece 
of  the  Laokoon  group.     3^.  6d. 

LILLY'S  Introduction  to  Astro- 
logy. With  a  Grammar  of 
A.STROLOGY  and  Tables  for  Cal- 
culating Nativities,  by  Zadkiel.  ^s. 

LIVY'S  History  of  Rome.  Trans- 
lated by  Dr.  Spillan,  C.  Edmonds, 
and  others.     4  vols.     5^.  each. 

LOCKE'S  Philosophical  Works 
Edited  by  J.  A.  St.  John.  2  vols. 
js.  6d.  each. 

Life  and  Letters:     By  Lord 

King.     3.f.  6d. 

LOCKHART  (J.  G.)_.V«  Rn^v^Q, 


Contained  in  Bohn's  Libraries. 


15 


LODGE'S  Portraits  of  Illustrious 
Personages   of   Great   Britain, 
with  Biographical  ami  Historical 
Memoirs.    240  Portraits  engraved 
on  Steel,  with  the  respective  Bio  < 
gniphies  unabridged.    8  vols,    y. 
each. 
LONGFELLOW'S    Prose 
Works.  With  16  full- page  Wood 
Engravings.     5^. 
LOUDON'S    (Mrs.)    Natural 
History.       Revised    edition,    l)y 
W.    S.     Dallas,     F.LS.       With 
numerous  WuoJcut  Illus.     5i.         I 
LOWNDES'    BibUographOT's 
Manual  of  English  Literature. 
Enlarged    Edition.       By    H.   G. 
Bohn.      6  vols,  cloth,    y.   each.    | 
Or  4  vols,  half  morocco,  2/.  2s.        ; 
LONGUS.    Daptmis  and  Chloe. 

—Se^  Greek  Romances.  ! 

LUCAN'S  Pharsalia.    Translated   \ 

by  H.  T.  Riley,  M.A.     Ss. 
LUCIAN'S    Dialogues    of    the 
Gods,  of  the   Sea    Gods,   and 
of    the    Dead.      Translated    by 
Howard  Williams,  M.A.     5/. 
LUCRETIOS.     Translated  by  the 

Rev.  J.  S.  Walson,  M.A.     5?. 
LDTHER'S  Table-Talk.     Trans- 
lated   and     Edited     by    William 
Hazlitt.     p.  6J. 
Autobiography.  —  Ste 

MlCHELET. 

MACHLAVELLl'S  History  of 
Florence,  together  with  the 
Prince,  Savonarola,  various  His- 
torical Tracts,  and  a  Memoir  o( 
Machiavelli.     31.  6J. 

MALLETS  Northern  Antiqui- 
ties, or  an  Historical  Account  o( 
the  Manners,  Customs,  Religions 
and  Laws,  Maritime  Expeditions 
and  Discoveries,  language  and 
Literature,  of  the  Ancient  Scandi 
navian.s.  Translated  by  Bishop 
Percy.  Revised  and  Enlarged 
Edition,  with  a  Translation  of  the 
Prose  Edpa,  by  J.  A.  Bl.ick- 
well.     5J. 


MAN  TELLS  (Dr.)  PetnfacUons 
and  their  Teach  ings .     W  i  I  h  n  u 
merous  illustrative  Woodcuts.  (>s. 

Wonders  of  Geology.      8th 

Edition,  revised  by  T.  Rupert 
Jones,  FG.S.  With  a  colr.nred 
Geological  Map  of  England, 
Plates,  and  upwards  ol  200 
Woodcuts.    2  vols.    7.r.  M-  each. 

MANZONI.  The  Betrothed : 
being  a  Translation  of  '  I  Pro- 
messi  Sposi.'  By  Alessandio 
Manzoni.  With  numerous  Wood- 
cuts.    Ss. 

MARCO    POLO'S    Travels ;   the 

Translation   of    Marsden    revised 
by  T.  Wright,  M.A.,  F.S.A.     5^. 

MARRYAT'S  (Capt.  RN.) 
Masterman  Ready.  With  93 
Woodcuts      y.  M. 

Mission  ;  or,  Scenes  in  Africa . 

Illustrated  by  Gilbert  and  DaUiel. 

y.  6J. 
Pirate   and   Three   Cutters. 

With  8   Steel    Engravings,   from 

Drawings  by  Clarkson  Stanfield, 

R.A.     y.  td. 
Prlvateersraan.      8  Engra\- 

ings  on  Steel,     y.  60 

I    Settlers  in  Canada.     10  En- 
gravings by  Gilbert  and  Dalziel. 

y  ed. 

Poor  Jack.  With  16  Illus- 
trations after  Clarkson  Stansfield, 
R.A.     zs.6d. 

Peter  Simple  With  8  full- 
page  Illustrations,      y.  btl. 

Midshipman  Easy.     With  8 

full  page  Ilhistrations.     y.  6rf. 

MARTIAL'S  Epigrams,  complete 
Translated  into  Prose,  each  .ac- 
companied by  one  or  more  Verse 
Translations  selected  from  the 
Works  of  English  Poets,  and 
other  sources.     Js.  (xl. 


I'( 


Alphabetical  List  of  Books 


MARTINEAU'S  (Harriet)  His- 
tory of  England,  from  iSoo- 
1815.     35-.  bd. 

History  of  the  Ttiirty  Years' 

Peace,  a.d.    1S15-46.       4   vols, 
3r.  dd.  each. 

See  Comte's  Positive  Philosophy 

MATTHEW  PARIS'S  English 
History,  from  the  Year  1235  to 
1273.  Translated  by  Rev.  J.  A. 
Giles,  D.C.L.     3  vols.     5^-.  each. 

MATTHEW  OF  WESTMIN- 
STER'S Flowers  of  History, 
from  ihe  beginning  of  the  World 
to  A.D.  1307.  Translated  by  C.  D. 
Yonge,  M.A.  2  vols.  5/.  each. 
MAXWELL'S  Victories  of  Wel- 
ington  and  the  British  Armies. 
Frontispiece  and  5  Portraits.     5J. 

MENZEL'S  History  of  Germany, 
from  the  Earliest  Period  to  1842.' 
3  vols.     T,s.  6d.  each. 

MICHAEL    ANGELO    AND 

RAPHAEL,  their  Lives  and 
Works.  By  Duppa  aud  Quatre- 
mere  de  Quincy.  With  Portraits, 
and  Engravings  on  Steel,  ^s. 
MICHELET'S  Luther's  Auto- 
biography. Trans,  bj-  William 
Hazlitt  With  an  Appendi,x  (no 
pages)  of  Notes,     ^s.  6d. 

■ History  of  the  French  Revo- 
lution from  its  earliest  indications 
to  the  flight  of  the  King  in  1791. 
3J.  6d. 

MCGNETSHistory  of  theFrenoh 
Revolution,  from  17S9  to  1814 
Zs.  6d.  *• 

MILL  (J.  S.)  Early  Essays  by 
John  Stuart  Mill.  Collected  from 
vnnous  sources  by  J.  W.  M.  Gibbs. 
3.r.  6d. 

MILLER  (Professor).  History 
PJJilosophically  Ulustrated.from 
the  Fall  ,.f  ilie  Roman  Empire  to 
the  French  Revolution.  4  vols. 
3->.  i>d.  each. 


I  MILTON'S  Prose  Works.  Edited 
by  J.  A.  St.  John,  svols.  3..  6rf. 
each. 

: Poetical  Works,  with  a  Me- 
moir and  Critical  Remarks  by 
James  Montgomery,  an  Index  to 
Paradise  Lost,  Todd's  Verballndex 
to  all  the  Poems,  and  a  Selection 
of  Explanatory  Notes  by  Henry 
G.  Bohn.  Illustrated  with  120 
Wood  Engravings  from  Drawings 
by  W.  Harvey.  2  vols.  3,.  6rf 
each. 

MITFORD'S  (Miss)  Our  Village 
Sketches  of  Rural  Character  and 
Sceiiery.  With  2  Engravings  on 
Steel.     2  vols.     3^.  6d.  each. 

MOLIERE'S    Dramatic  Works 

A    new   Translation    in  English 

Prose,  by  C.    H.   Wall.  3  vols 
3J.  6d.  each. 

MONTAGU.  The  Letters  and 
Works  of  Lady  Mary  Wortley 
Montagu.  Edited  by  her  great 
grandson,  Lord  Wharncliffe's  Edi- 
tion, and  revised  by  W.  Moy 
Thomas.  New  Edition,  revised, 
with  5  Portraits.   2  vols.  5^.  each. 

MONTAIGNE'S  Essays.  Cotton's 
translation,  revised  by  W  C 
Hazlitt.  New  Edition.  3  vols' 
3 J.  (>d.  each. 

MONTESQUIEU'S  Spirit  of 
Laws.  New  Edition,  revised  and 
corrected.  By  J.  V.  Pritchard, 
A.M.    2  vols.     3J-.  6d.  each. 

MOTLEY  (J.  L.).  The  Rise  of 
the  Dutch  RepubUc.  A  History. 
By  John  Lothrop  Motley.  New 
Edition,  with  Biographical  Intro- 
duction by  Moncure  D.  Conway. 
3  vols.     y.  (,d.  each. 

MORPHY'S    Games    of   Chess 

Being  the  Matches  and  best  Games 
played  by  theAmerican  Champion, 
wuh  Explanatory  and  Analytical 
Notes  by  f.  Lowenthal.     5^. 


Contained  in  Bohn's  Libraries. 


'7 


MUDIE'S  British  Birds;  or,  His- 
tor)-  of  the  Feathered  Tribes  of  the 
British  Islands.  Revised  by  W. 
C.  L.  Martin.  With  52  Figures 
of  Birds  and  7  Coloared  Plates  of 
Eggs.     2  vols. 

NEANDER  (Dr.  A.).  History 
of  the  Christian  Religion  a  id 
Church.  Trans,  froai  [he  German 
byJ.Torrey.    10  vols.   Ji.6(/.  each. 

Ufe  of  Jesus  Christ.  Trans- 
lated by  J.  McCIintock  and  C. 
Blumenthal.     y.  td. 

History  of  the  Plaatlng  and 

Training  of  the  Christian 
Church  by  the  Apostles. 
Translated  by  J.  E.  Ryland. 
2  vols.     3^.  &?.  each. 

Memorials  of  Christian  Life 

In  the  Early  and  Middle  Ages  ; 
incluiing  Light  in  Dark  Places. 
Trans,  by  J.  E.  Ryland.     y.  (,d. 

NIBELUNQEN  LIED.  The 
Lay  of  the  Nibelungs,  metrically 
translated  from  the  old  German 
text  by  Alice  Hoiton,  and  edited 
by  Edward  Bell,  M.A.  To  which 
is  prefixed  the  Essay  on  the  Nibe- 
lungen  Lied  by  Thomas  Carlyle. 

NEW  TESTAMENT  (The)  In 
Greek.  Griesbach's  Text,  with 
various  Readings  at  the  foot  of 
the  page,  and  Parallel  References 
in  the  margin  ;  also  a  Critical 
Introduction  and  Chronological 
Tables.  By  an  eminent  Scholar, 
with  a  Greek  and  English  Lexicon. 
3rd  Edition,  revised  and  corrected. 
Two  Facsimiles  of  Greek  Manu- 
scripts.    900  pages.     5.t. 

The  lexicon  may  Ix:  had  sepa- 
rately, price  2j. 

NICOLINI'S  History  of  the 
JesulU:  their  Origin,  Progress, 
Doctrines,  and  Designs.  With  8 
Portraits,     jf. 


NORTH  (R.)  Lives  of  the  Right 
Hon.  Francis  North,  Baron  Guild- 
ford, the  Hon.  Sir  Dudley  North, 
and  the  lion,  and  Rev.  Dr.  John 
North.  By  the  Hon.  Roger 
North.  Together  with  the  Auto- 
biography of  the  Author.  Edited 
by  Augustus  Jessopp,  D.D.  3vols. 
y.  6./.  e.^ch. 

NCXGENT'S  (Lord)  Memorials 
of  Hampden,  his  Party  and 
Times.  With  a  Memoir  of  the 
Author,  an  Autograph  Letter,  and 
Portrait.     5^. 

OCKLEY  (S.)  History  of  the 
Saracens  and  their  Conquests 
in  Syria,  Persia,  and  Egypt. 
By  Simon  Ockley,  B.  D.,  Professor 
of  Arabic  in  the  University  of 
Cambridge,     y.  td. 

OMAN  (J.  C.)  The  Great  Indian 
Epics :  the  Stories  of  the  Rama- 
YANA  and  the  Mahabharata. 
By  John  Campbell  Oman,  Prin- 
cipal of  Khalsa  College,  Amritsar. 
With  Notes,  Appendices,  and 
Illustrations,     y.  td. 

ORDERICUS  VITALIS'  Eccle- 
siastical  History  of  England 
and  Normandy.  Translated  by 
T.  Forester,  M.A.  To  which  is 
added  the  Chronicle  op  St. 
EvROULT.     4  vols.     5j.  each. 

OVID'S  Works.complete.  Literally 
translated  into  Prose.  3  vols. 
S.r.  each. 

PASCAL'S  Thoughts.  Translated 
from  the  Text  of  M.  Auguste 
iMolinier  by  C.  Kegan  Paul.  3rd 
Edition,     y.  dd. 

PATJLI'S  (Dr.  R.)  Life  of  Alfred 
the  Great.  Translated  from  the 
(Jerman.  To  which  is  appended 
Alfred's  A.nulo-Sa.xon  Version 
OK  Orosius.  With  a  literal 
Translation  interpagcd,  Notes, 
and  an  Anglo-Sa.xon  Grammar 
and  Glossary,  by  B.  Thorpe.  5^. 


If 


An  Alphabetical  List  of  Books 


PAUSANIAS'  Description  of 
Greece.  Newly  translated  by  A.  R 
Shilleto,  M.A.     2  vols.     5^.  each. 

PEAKSON'S  Exposition  of  the 
Greed.  Edited  by  E.  Walford, 
M.A.     5;. 

PEPYS'  Diary  and  Correspond- 
ence. Deciphered  by  the  Rev. 
J.  Smith,  M.A.,  from  the  original 
Shorthand  MS.  in  the  Pepy.=;ian 
Library.  Edited  by  Lord  Bray- 
brooke.  4  vols.  With  31  En- 
gravings,     '^s.  each. 

PERCY'S  Reliques  of  Ancient 
English  Poetry.  With  an  Essay 
on  Ancient  Minstrels  and  a  Glos- 
sary. Edited  by  J.  V.  Pritchard, 
A.M.     2  vols.     y.  6d.  each. 

PERSIUS.— 5f(;  Juvenal. 

PETRARCH'S  Sonnets,  Tri- 
umphs and  other  Poems. 
Translated  into  English  Verse  by 
various  Hands.  With  a  Life  of 
the  Poet  by  Thomas  Campbell. 
With  Portrait  and  15  Steel  En- 
gravings.    5^- 

PHILO  -  JUD-ffiUS,  Works  ol. 
Translated  by  Prof.  C.  D.  Yonge, 
M.A.     4  vols.     5i.  each. 

PICKERING'S  History  of  the 
Races  of  Man,  and  their  Geo- 
graphical Distribution.  With  An 
Analytical  Synopsis  of  the 
Natural  History  of  Man  by 
Dr.  Hall.  With  a  Map  of  the 
World  and  12  coloured  Plates.  5^-. 

PINDAR.  Translated  into  Prose 
by  Dawson  W.  Turner.  To  which 
is  added  the  Metrical  Version  by 
Abraham  Moore.      S-^- 

PLANCHE.  History  of  British 
Costume,  from  the  Earliest  Time 
to  the  Close  of  the  Eighteenth 
Century.  By  J.  R.  Planche, 
Somerset  Herald.  With  upwards 
of  400  Illustrations.      S^' 


PLATO'S  Works.  Literally  trans- 
lated, with  Introduction  and 
Notes.     6  vols.     5i.  each. 

I. — The  Apology  of  Socrates, 
Crito,  Phaedo,  Gorcias,  Pro- 
tagoras, Phiedrus,  Theaitetus, 
Euthyphron,  Lysis.  Trans- 
lated by  the  Rev.  H.  Carey. 

n.— The  Republic,  Timieus,  and 
Critias.  Translated  by  Henry 
Davis. 

HI.— Meno,  Euthydemus,  The 
Sophist,  Statesman,  Cratylus, 
Parmenides,and  the  Banquet. 
Translated  by  G.  Burges. 

(V. — Philebus,  Charmides.  Laches, 
Menexenus,  Hippias,  Ion, 
The  Two  Alcibiades,  The- 
ages,  Rivals,  Hipparchus, 
Minos,  Clitopho,  Epistles. 
Translated  by  G.  Burges. 

v.— The    Laws.       Translated    by 
G.  Burges. 

VI.— The  Doubtful  Works.  Trans- 
lated by  G.  Burges. 

Summary  and  Analysis  of 

the  Dialogues.    With  Analytica'. 
Index.     By  A.  Day,  LL.D.     p. 

PLAUTUS'S  Comedies.  Trans- 
lated by  H.  T.  Riley,  M.A.  2 
vols.     5i.  each. 

PLINY'S  Natural  History. 
Translated  by  the  late  John 
Bostock,  M.D.,  F.RS.,  and  H.T. 
Riley,  M.A.     6  vols.     Si.  each. 

PLINY.  The  Letters  of  Pliny 
the  Younger.  Melmolh's  trans- 
lation, revised  by  the  Rev.  F.  C. 
T.  Bosanquet,  M.A.     5^. 

PLOTINUS,  Select  Works  of. 
Translated  by  Thomas  Taylor. 
With  an  Introduction  containing 
the  substance  of  Poiphyr)''s  Plo- 
tinus.  Eulited  by  G.  R.  S.  Mead, 
B.A.,  M.R.A.S.     ss. 


Contained  in  Bohn's  Libraries. 


19 


PLUTARCH-S  Llyea.  Translated 
liyA.  Siewirl,  M.A.,ana  Georj^o 
Long,  M.A.    4  vdIs.    is.  (xi.  each. 

Morals.  Theosophical  Essays. 

Translated  by  C.  \V.  King,  M.A 

Morals.       Ethical    Ess.ay.s. 

Translated    by   the    Rev.    A.    R 
.Shilletd,  M..-\.     $s. 

POETRY  OF  AIvIERICA.  Se- 
lections irom  One  Hundred 
American  Poets,  from  1776  to 
1S76.     By  \V.  r.  Lintnn.     7,5  6d. 

POLITICAL    CYCLOPEDIA. 

A  Dictionary  ,,f  I'olitical,  Con- 
stitutional, .Statistical,  and  Fo- 
rensic Knowledge  ;  forming  a 
Wr.rk  of  Reference  on  siibjecrs  of 
Civil  Administration,  Political 
Economy,  Finance,  Commerce, 
Laws,  and  Social  Relations.  4 
vols.     3j.  (^.  each 

POPES  Poetical  Works.  Edited, 
with  cupi.ous  Notes,  by  Rolxjrt 
Carrullicrs.  With  numerous  Illus 
trations.     2  vols.     5^.  each. 

Homer's  lUad.      Edited    by   i 

the  Rev.  J.  S.  Watson,  M.A. 
Illnslrafed  by  the  entire  .Scries  of 
Flaxman's  Designs.     5^.  | 

— — ■  Homer's  Odyssey,  with  the 
Battle  of  Frogs  and  Mice,  Hymns, 
*c.,  by  other  translators.  Edited 
by  the  kev.  J.  S.  Watson,  M.A.  ' 
With  (he  entire  .Series  of  Flax- 
man's  Designs.     5^. 

Life,   including   many   of  his 

I-etlers.     Hy   Robert   Oirnithers. 
With  numerous  Illustrations.     e,s. 

POUSHKIN'S  Prose  Tales :  The 
Captain's  Daughter— Doubrovsky 
—  The  Queen  of  .Spades  —  An 
Amateur  Peasant  Girl— The  Shot 
—The  Snow  .Storm— The  Post- 
master —  The  Coffin  Maker  — 
Kirdjali— The  Egypti.an  Nights— 
I  eler  the  Great's  Negro.  Trans- 
la'-'d  bv  T.  Keane.     ^<.  6</  , 


PRE  SCOTT'S  Conquest  of 
Mexico.  Ci>p}ii);hi  edition,  with 
the  notes  by  John  Foster  Kirk, 
and  an  introduction  by  Q.  p. 
Winship.      ^  vols.     3^.  (,<i.  each. 

PROPERTIUS.  Translated  by 
Kev.  P.  J.  F.  Ganlillon,  M.A., 
and  accompanied  by  Poetical 
Versions,    from    various   sources. 

PROVERBS,  Handbook  of.  Con- 
taining an  entire  Republication 
of  Ray's  Collection  of  English 
Proverbs,  with  his  additions  from 
Foreign  Languages  and  a  com- 
plete .Mphahetical  Index;  in  which 
are  introduced  large  additions  as 
well  of  Proverbs  as  of  Sayings, 
Sentences,  Maxims,  and  Phrases, 
collected  by  H.  G.  Bohn.     5.?. 

[  PROVERBS,  A  Polyglot  of 
I  Foreign,  Comprising  French, 
Italian,  German,  Dutch,  Spani.sh, 
Portuguese,  and  Danish.  With 
English  Translations  &  a  General 
Index  by  II.  G.  Bohn.     5^. 

;  POTTERY  AND  PORCELAIK, 
j  and  other  ( ibjects  of  Vertu.  Com- 
prising an  Illustrated  Catalogue  of 
the  Bernal  Collection  of  Works 
I  of  Art,  with  the  prices  at  which 
they  were  sold  by  auction,  and 
names  of  the  posses.sors.  To  which 
are  added,  an  Introductory  Lecture 
on  Pottery  and  Porcelain,  and  an 
Engraved  List  of  all  the  known 
Marks  and  Monograms.  By  Henry 
G.  Bohn.  With  numerous  Wood 
Engravings,  5^?. ;  or  with  Coloured 
Illuslratiims,  loj.  6ii. 

PROUT'S  (Father)  ReUques.  Col- 
lected and  arranged  by  Rev.  F. 
Mahony.  New  issue,  with  21 
Etchings  by  D.  Maclise,  R.A. 
Nearly  600  pages.     51. 

QUINTILIANS   Institutes  of 
Oratory,    or    Eduaition     of    an 
Orator.     Translated   by  the   Rev. 
J.  S.  Watson,  M.A.     2  vols,     cj 
each. 


20 


An  Alphabetical  List  of  Books 


RACINE'S  (Jean)  Dramatic 
"Works.  A  metrical  English  ver- 
sion. By  R.  Bruce  Boswell,  M.A. 
Oxon.     2  vols.     31. 6rf.  each. 

RANKE'S  History  of  the  Popes, 
their  Church  and  State,  and  espe- 
cially of  their  Conflicts  with  Pro- 
testantism in  the  l6th  and  17th 
centuries.  Translated  by  E. 
Foster.     3  vols.     3^.  dd.  each. 

History  of   Servla  and  the 

Servian  Revolution.  With  on 
Account  of  the  Insurrection  in 
Bosnia.  Translated  by  Mrs.  Kerr. 
y.  6d. 

RETJMONT  {Alfred  de).  See 
Carafas. 

RECREATIONS  in  SHOOTING. 

By '  Craven.'  With  62  Engravings 
on  Wood  after  Harvey,  and  9 
Engravings  on  Steel,  chiefly  after 
A.  Cooper,  R.A.     5^. 

RENNIE'S  Insect  Arcliitecture. 
Revised  and  enlarged  by  Rev. 
J.  G.  Wood,  M.A.  With  186 
Woodcut  Illustrations.     5^. 

REYNOLD'S  (Sir  J.)  Literary 
Works.  Edited  by  H.  W.  Beechy. 
2  vols.     y.  6d.  each. 

RICARDO  on  the  Principles  of 
Political  Economy  and  Taxa- 
tion. Edited  by  E.  C.  K.  Conner, 
M.A.     5^. 

RICHTER  (Jean  Paul  Erledrloh). 
Levana,  a  Treatise  on  Education: 
together  with  the  Autobiography 
(a  Fragment),  and  a  short  Pre- 
fatory Memoir.     3^.  6d. 

Flower,   Fruit,   and   Thorn 

Pieces,  or  the  Wedded  Life,  Death, 
and  Marriage  of  Firmian  Stanis- 
laus Siebenkaes,  Parish  Advocate 
in  the  Parish  of  Kuhschnapptel. 
Newly  translated  by  Lt.  Col.  Alex. 
Ewing.     3s.  6d. 


ROGER  DE  HOVEDEN'S  An- 
nals of  English  History,  com- 
prising the  History  of  England 
and  of  other  Countries  of  Europe 
from  A.D.  732  to  A.  D.  1201. 
Translated  by  H  T.  Riley,  M.A. 
2  vols.     Si.  each. 

ROGER  OF  WENDOVER'S 
Flowers  of  History,  comprising 
the  History  of  England  firom  the 
Descent  of  the  Saxons  to  A.D. 
l235,formerlyascribedto  Matthew 
Paris.  Translated  by  J.  A.  Giles, 
D.C.L.     2  vols.     5.f.  each. 

ROME  in  the  NINETEENTH 
CENTURY.  Containing  a  com- 
plete Account  of  the  Ruins  of  the 
Ancient  City,  the  Remains  of  the 
Middle  Ages,  and  the  Monuments 
of  Modern  Times.  By  C.A.Eaton. 
With  34  Steel  Engravings.  2  vols. 
5^.  each. 

See  Burn  and  Dyer. 

ROSCOE'S  (W.)  Life  and  Ponti- 
ficate of  Leo  X.  Final  edition, 
revised  by  Thomas  Roscoe.  2 
vols.     3'.  6d.  each. 

Life  of  Lorenzo  de'  Medici, 

called  '  the  Magnificent.'  With 
his  poems,  letters,  ifec.  loth 
Edition,  revised,  with  Memoir  of 
Roscoe  by  his  Son.     3.f.  6d. 

RUSSIA.  History  of,  from  the 
earliest  Period,  compiled  from 
the  most  authentic  sources  by 
Walter  K.  Kelly.  With  Portraits. 
2  vols,     y  f>d.  each. 

SALLUST,  PLORUS,  and  VEL- 
LEIUS      PATERCULUS. 

Translated  by  J.  S.Watson,  M.A. 

SCHILLER'S  Works.   Translated 
by  various  hands.    7  vols.     3^.  6d. 
each  : — 
I.— History  of  the  Thirty  Years' 
War. 


Contained  in  Bohn's  Libraries. 


21 


Schiller's  Works  <onlinued. 

11. —History  of  the  Revolt  in  the 
Netherlands,  the  Trials  of 
Counts Egmont  and  Horn, 
the  Siege  of  Antwerp,  and 
the  Disturtences  in  France 
preceding  the  Reign  of 
Henry  IV. 

III.— Don  Carlos,  Mary  Stuart, 
.Maid  of  Orleans,  Bride  of 
Messina,  together  with  the 
Use  of  the  Chorus  in 
Tragedy  (a  short  Essay). 

These  Dramas  are  all 
translated  in  metre. 

IV.— Robbers  ( with  Schiller's 
original  Preface),  Fiesco, 
Love  and  Intrigue,  De- 
metrius, Ghost  Seer,  Sport 
of  Divinity. 

The  Dramas  in  this 
volume  are  translated  into 
Prose.  ' 

V. — Poems. 

VI.— E:ssays,.^stheticaland  Philo- 
sophical. 

VII.— Wallenstein's  Camp,  Pic- 
colomini  and  Death  of 
Wallenstein,  William  Tell. 

SCHILLER  and  GOETHE. 
Correspondence  between,  from 
A.u.  1794- 1S05.  Translated  by 
L.  Dora  Schmitj.  2  vols.  3^.  (xi. 
each. 

SCHLEGEL'S  (P.)  Lectures  on 
the  Philosophy  of  Life  and  the 
Philosophy  of  Language.  Trans- 
lated by  the  Rev.  A.  J .  W.  .Mor- 
rison, M.A.     y.  6</. 

Lectures  on  the  History  of 

Literature,  Ancient  and  Mu<lern. 
Translate  IfromlheGerman.  31.6./. 

Lectures  on  the  Philosophy 

of  History.     Translated  by  J .  li. 
Robertson,     y.  6ti. 


SCHLBGEL  S  Lectures  on 
Moiern  History,  together  with 
the  Lectures  entitled  Ciesar  .-xud 
Alexander,  and  The  Beginning  of 
our  History.  Translated  by  L. 
Purcell  and  R.  H.  Whitetock. 
y.  6d. 

iEsthetio  and  Miscellaneous 

Works.  Translated  by  E.  J. 
Millington.      ^s.  6d. 

SCHLEGEL  (A.  W. )  Lectures 
on  Dramatic  Art  atidLlterature. 
Translated  by  J.  Black.  Revised 
Edition,  by  the  Rev.  A.  J.  W. 
Morrison,  M.A.     y.  6<i. 

SCHOPENHAUER  on  the  Four- 
fold Root  of  the  Principle  of 
Sufficient  Reason,  and  On  the 
WUl  in  Nature.  Translated  by 
Madame  Hillebrand.     5^. 

Essays.  Selected  and  Trans- 
lated. \Vith  a  Biographical  Intro- 
duction and  Sketch  of  his  Philo- 
sophy, by  E.  Belfort  Bax.     5/. 

SCHOUW'S  Earth,  Plants,  and 
Man.  Translated  by  A.  Henfrey. 
With  coloured  Map  of  the  Geo- 
graphy of  Plants.     5j. 

SCHUMANN  (Robert).  His  Life 
and  Works,  by  August  Reissniann. 
Translated  by  A.  L.  Alger,    y.  6r/. 

Early  Letters.  Originally  pub- 

blished  by  his  Wife.  Translated 
by  May  Herbert.  With  a  Preface 
by  Sir  George  Grove,  D.C.L. 
y.  6J. 

SENECA  on  Benefits.  Newly 
translated  by  A.  Stewart,  M.A. 
y.  6u. 

Minor  Essays  and  On  Clem- 
ency. Translated  by  A.  Stewart, 
M.A.     5J. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  Dramatic 
Art.  The  History  and  Character 
of  Shakes|)eare's  Plays.  By  Ui. 
Hermann  Ulrici.  Translated  by 
I,.  Uora  Schmiti.  2  vols.  y.  M- 
each. 


22 


An  Alphabetical  List  of  Books 


SHAKESPEARE  CWllliam).  A 
Literary  Biofrraphy  Hv  Karl  Klze, 
Ph.D.,  I.L.D.  Trknsliied  by 
L  Dora  Schnitz.     5J. 

SHARPE  (S)  The  History  of 
Egypt,  from  the  Earliest  Times 
till  the  Conquest  by  the  Arabs, 
A. D.  640.  By  .Samuel  Sharpe. 
2  Maps  and  upward?  of  400  Illus- 
trative Wnodcu's.  2  vnl.s.  c;f.  each. 

SHERIDAK'S  Crimatic  Works, 
Complete.  With  Life  by  G.  G.  S. 
y.  6J. 

SISMONDI'S  History  of  the 
Literature  of  the  South  01 
Europe.  Translated  by  Thomas 
Roscoe.     2  vols.     31.  6't  each. 

SIX  OLD  ENGLISH  CHRON- 
ICLES:  viz.,  Asser's  Life  of 
Alfred  and  theChroniclesof 

EtHE    WERD,  GiLDAS,  Nf.NNIUS, 

Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  and 
Richard  of  C  irencester. 
Edited  by  J.  A.  Giles,  D.C.L.    5.?. 

SYNONYMS  and  ANTONYMS, 
or  Kintred  Words  and  their 
Opposites,  Collected  and  Con- 
trasted by  Ven.  C.J.  Smith,  M.A. 
Revised  Edition.      5.?. 

SMITH'S  (Adam)  The  Wealth  of 
Nations.  Edited  by  E.  Belfort 
Bax.     2  vols.     js.  6d.  each. 

Theory  of  Moral  Sentiments ; 

with  his  Essay  on  the  First  For- 
mation of  Languages;  to  which  is 
added  a  Memoir  of  the  Author  by 
Diigald  Stewart.     3^.  6d. 

SMYTH'S  (Professor)  Lectures 
on  Modern  Histoi-y;  from  the 
Irruption  of  ihe  Northern  Nations 
to  the  close  of  the  American  Re- 
volution.    2  vols.     3i-.  6'/.  each. 

Lectures  on  the  French  Re- 

volution,     2  vols.     y.  td.  each. 


SMITH'S  (  Pye )  Geology  and 
Scripture.     2nd  Edition.     51. 

SMOLLETT'S  Adventures  01 
Roderick  Random.  With  short 
Memoir  and  Bibliography,  and 
Cruikshank's  Illustrations.    3.?.  M. 

Adventures  of  Peregrine 

Pickle,  in  which  are  included  the 
Memoirs  of  a  Lady  of  Quality. 
With  Bibliography  and  Cruik- 
shank's Illustrations.  2vols.  3.1.60'. 
each. 

The  Expedition  of  Hum- 
phry Clinker.  With  Bibliography 
and  Cruikshank's  Illustrations. 
y.  (>d. 

SOCRATES  (sumamed  ■  Scholas- 
ticus ').  The  Ecclesiastical  His- 
tory of  (a.  d.  305-445).  Translated 
from  the  Greek.     5^. 

SOPHOCLES,  The  Tragedies  of. 
A  New  Prose  Translation,  with 
.Memoir,  Notes,  &c.,  by  E.  P. 
Coleridge.     5^. 


The  Oxford  Translatic 


5J. 


SOUTH EY'S  Life  of  Nelson. 
With  P'acsimiles  of  Nelson's  writ- 
ing, Portraits,  Flans,  and  upwards 
of  50  Engravings  on  Steel  and 
Wood.     5i. 

Life  of  Wesley,  and  the  Rise 

and  Progress  of  Methodism.     5^. 

Robert  Southey.     The  Story 

of  his  Life  written  in  his  Letters. 
With  an  Introduction.  Edited  by 
John  Dennis.      ,.1.  (>d. 

SOZOMENS  Ecclesiastical  His- 
tory. Comprising  a  History  of 
the  Church  from  A.D.  324-440. 
Translated  from  the  Greek.  To- 
gether %vith  the  Ecclesiastical 
History  of  Fhilostorgius,  as 
epitomi.sed  by  Photius.  Trans- 
lated froiTi  the  Greek  by  Rev.  E. 
Walford,  M.A.     c,s. 


Contained  in  Bohn's  Libraries. 


i3 


SPINOZA'S  Chief  'Works.   Trans- 

hilecl.wilhlntr.niuction.byK.H.M. 
Elwes.     2  vols.     $i.  each. 

STANLEY'S  Classified  Synopsis 
of  the  Principal  Painters  of  the 
Dutch  and  Flemish  Schools. 
By  tieorgc  Stanley.     5^- 

STARLING'S  (Miss)  Noble  Deeds 
of  "Women ;  or,  Examples  of 
Female  Courage,  Fortitude,  and 
Virtue.  With  14  Steel  Engrav- 
ings.     Ci. 

STAUNTON'S  Chess ■  Player's 
Handbook.  A  Popular  and  Scien- 
tific Introduction  to  the  Game. 
With  numerous  Diagrams.     S*. 

Chess  Praxis.    A  Supplement 

to  the  Chess-player's  Handboolc. 
Containing  the  most  important 
modern  improvementsin  the  Open- 
ings ;  Cotle  of  Chess  Laws  ;  and 
a  Selection  of  Morphy's  Games. 
Annotated,     ijj. 

Chess-player's   Companion. 

Comprising  a  Treatise  on  Odds, 
Collection  of  Match  Games,  and  a 
Selection  of  Original  Problems.  5^. 

Chess  Tournament  of  1851. 

A  Collection  of  Games  played  at 
this  celebrated  assemblage.  With 
Introduction  and  Notes,     '^s. 

STOCKHARDT'S  Experimental 
Chemistry.  A  IlandUiokfor  the 
Study  of  the  Science  by  simple 
experiments.  Edited  by  C.  W 
Heaton,  F.C.S.  With  numerous 
Woodcuts.  New  Edition,  revised 
throughout.     5J. 

STRABO'S  Geography.  Tran.s- 
latcd  by  W.  Falconer,  M.A., 
and  11.  C.  Hamilton.  3  vols. 
5^.  each. 

STRICKLAND'S  (Agnes)  Lives 
f  of  the  Queens  of  England,  from 
^'the  Nornnn  Conquest.  Revised 
Edition.  With  6  Portraits.  6  vols. 
_ ,  SJ.  each. 


STRICKLAND'S   Life  of  Mary 
Queen  of  Soots.  2  vols.  5^.  each. 

Lives  of  the  Tudor  and  Stuart 

Princesses.     Wiih  Portraits.     51 

STUART  and  REVETT'S  Anti- 
quities of  Athens,  and  other 
Monuments  of  Greece ;  to  which 
is  3iided,  a  Glossary  of  Terms  used" 
in  Grecian  Architecture.  With  71 
Plates  engraved  on  Steel,  and 
numerous  Woodcut  Capitals.     S^- 

SUETONIUS'  Lives  of  theTwelve 
Caesars  and  Lives  of  the  Gram- 
marians. The  translation  of 
Thomson,  revised  by  T.  Forester. 

SWIFT'S  Prose  Works.  Edited 
by  Temple  Scott.  With  a  Bio- 
graphical Introduction  by  the  Right 
Hon.  W.  E.  II.  Lecky,  M.P. 
With  Portraits  and  Facsimiles. 
1 1  vols.     3i.  6i/.  each. 

[  yols.  /.-  V.  &=  Vlir.  reaiiy. 

I.— Edited  by  Temple  Scott. 
With  a  Biographical  In- 
troduction by  the  Right 
Hon.  W.  E.  H.  Lecky, 
M.  P.  Containing  :  —  A 
Tale  of  a  Tub,  The  Battle 
of  the  Books,  and  other 
early  works. 


II.— The Journalto  Stella.  Edited 
by  Frederick  Kyland,M.A. 
With  2  Portraits  of  Stella, 
and  a  Facsimile  of  one  of 
the  Letters. 

HI  i:  IV.— Writings  on  Religion  and 
the  Church.  Edited  by 
Temple  Scott. 

v.— Historical  and  Political 
Tncts  (English).  Kditeil 
by  Temple  Scott. 

\  III.— (Julliver's  Tiavels.  Edite<I 
by  G.  K  Dennis.  With 
Portrait  and  Maps. 


24 


An  Alphabetical  List  of  Books 


Swift's  Prose  Works  continued. 
The  order  and   contents  of 
the  remaining  volumes  will 
probably  be  as  follows  :— 
VI.&VII.—Historical  and   Political 
Tracts  (Irish). 
IX. — Contributions    to    the    'Ex- 
aminer,' 'Tatler,'    'Spec- 
tator,' &c. 
X — Historical  Writings. 
XI.— Literary  Essays  and  Biblio- 
graphy. 

STOWE  (Mrs. H.B.)  Uncle  Tom's 
Cabin,  or  Life  among  the  Lowly. 
With  Introductory  Remarks  by 
Rev.  J.  Sherman.  With  8  full- 
page  Illustrations.     3.r.  i,d. 

TACITUS.  The  Works  of.  Liter- 
ally translated.     2  vols.     e,s.  each. 


TALES  OF  THE  aENII;  or,  the 

Delightful  Lessons  of  Horam,  the 
Son  of  Asmar.  Translated  from 
the  Persian  by  Sir  Charles  Morell. 
Numerous  Woodcuts  and  12  Steel 
Engravings.     5^. 

TASSO's  Jerusalem  Delivered. 
Translated  into  English  Spenserian 
Verse  by  J.  H.  Wiffen.  With  8 
Engravings  on  Steel  and  24  Wood- 
cuts by  Thurston.     t,s. 

TAYLOR'S  (Bishop  Jeremy) 
Holy  Living  and  Dying,  with 
Prayers  containing  the  Whole  Duty 
of  a  Christian  and  the  parts  of  De- 
votion fitted  to  all  Occasions  and 
furnished  for  all  Necessities.  3^.  dd. 

TEN  BRINK.— j-«  Brink. 

TERENCE   and   PH.S3DRUS. 

Literally  translated  byll.  T.  Riley, 
M.  A.  To  which  is  added.  Smart's 
MetricalVersionokPh/Edrus 

THEOCRITUS.  BION,  MOS 
CHUS,  andTyRTiEUS.  Liter 
ally  translated  by  the  Kev.  J. 
Banks,   M.A.     To  which  are  ap-    | 


pended  the  Metrical   Versions   of 
Chapman      51. 

THEODORET  and  EVAGRIUS 
Histories  of  the  Church  from  a  d 
332   to  A.D.  427;  and  from  a.d 
« I  to  AD.  544.     Translated  from 
the  Greek.     51. 

THIERRY'S  History  of  the 
Conquest  of  England  by  the 
Normans;  its  Causes,  and  its 
Consequences  in  England,  Scot- 
land, Ireland,  and  the  Continent, 
translated  by  William  Hazlitt 
2  vols.      v.  6rf.  each. 

THUCYDIDES.  The  Pelopon- 
neslan  War.  Literally  translated 
by  the  Rev.  H.  Dale.  2  vols 
V-  dd.  each. 


An  Analysis  and  Summary 

of.  With  Chronological  Table  o. 
Events,  etc.  By  J.  T.  Wheeler. 
Ss. 

THUDICHUM  (J.  L.  W.)  A  Trea- 
tise on  Wines:  their  Origin, 
Nature,  and  Varieties.  With  Prac- 
tical Directions  for  Viticulture  and 
Vimfication.  By  J.  L.  W.  Thudi- 
chum,  M.D.,  F.R.C.P.  (Lond.). 
Illustrated,      ^s. 

URE'S  (Dr.  A.)  Cotton  Manufao- 
ture  of  Great  Britain,  systemati- 
cally investigated.  Revised  Edit. 
oy  P.  L.  Simmonds.  With  ico 
original  Illustrations.  2  vols,  o 
each. 

PMosophy  of  Manufactures 

Revised  Edition,  by  P.  L.  Sim- 
monds. With  numerous  Figures. 
Doublevolume.  7/.  (,d. 
VASARI'S  Lives  of  the  most 
Eminent  Painters,  Sculptors 
and  Architects.  Translated  by 
Mrs.  J.  Foster,  with  a  Commen- 
tary by  J.  P.  Richter,  Ph.D.  6 
vols.     3j.  6d.  each. 

VIRGIL.     A  Literal  Prose  Trans- 

lalior,  by  ,\.  Hamilton  Bryce, 
LLD.,  K.R.S.E.  With  Portrait. 
is.  6d. 


Contained  in  Bohn's  Libraries. 


25 


VOLTAIRE-S  Tales.  Translate<l 
by  K.  B.  Roswell.  Vol.  I.,  con- 
taining BeUnic,  Memiion,  Can- 
<Iide,  L'Ingenu,  and  other  Tales. 
y.  dd. 

WALTONS  Complete  Angler, 
or  the  Contemplative  Man's  Re- 
creation, by  Izaak  Walton  and 
Charles  Cotton.  Edited  by  Ed- 
ward Jesse.  To  which  is  added 
an  account  of  Fishing  Stations, 
Tackle,  &c.,  by  Henry  G.  Bohn. 
With  Portrait  and  203  Engravings 
on  Wood  anil  26  Engravings  on 
Steel.     5/. 

Lives  of  Donne,  Hooker,  &o. 

New  Edition  revised  by  A.  H. 
Bullen,  with  a  Memoir  of  Izaak 
Walton  by  Wm.  Dowling.  With 
numerous  Illustrations,     y. 

WELLINGTON,  Life  of.  By  '  An 
Old  Soldier.'  Fronj  the  materials 
of  Maxwell.  With  Index  and  18 
Steel  Engravings.      5J. 

Victories  of.     <r«  Maxwell. 

WERNER'S  Templars  In 
Cyprus.  Translated  by  E.  A.M. 
I^wis.     y.  6./. 

WESTROPP  (H.  M.)  A  Hand- 
book of  Archaeology,  Egyptian, 
Greek,  Etmsoan,  Roman.  By 
H.  M  Westropp.  2nd  Edition, 
revised.  With  very  numerous 
Illustrations.      5^. 

WHITE'S  Natiual  History  of 
Selbome,  with  Observations  on 
various  Parts  of  Nature,  and  the 
Naturalists' Calendar.  With  Notes 
by  Sir  William  Jardine.  Exlited 
by  Edward  Jesse.  With  40  Por- 
traits and  coloured  Plates.      Cj. 


WHEATLEY'S  A  RaUonal  lUus- 
tration  of  the  Book  of  Common 
Prayer,     y.  6</. 

WHEELER'S  Noted  Names  of 
Fiction,  Dictionary  of.  Includ- 
ing also  Familiar  Pseudonyms, 
Surnames  bestowed  on  Eminent 
Men,  and  Analogous  Popular  Ap- 
pellations often  referred  to  in 
Literature  and  Conversation.  By 
W.  A.  Wheeler,  M.A.     5^. 

WIESELER'S  Chronological 
Synopsis  of  the  Pour  Gospels. 
Translated  by  the  Rev.  Canon 
V'enables.     3^.  6./. 

WILLIAM  of  MALME  SBXJRY'S 
Chronicle  of  the  Kings  of  Eng- 
lanl.  from  the  Earliest  Period 
to  the  Reign  of  King  Stephen. 
Translated  by  the  Rev.  J.  Sharpe. 
Edited  by  J.  A.  Giles,  D.C.L.    5^. 

XENOPHON'S  Works.  Trans- 
lated by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Watson, 
M.A.,  and  the  Rev.  M.  Dale.  In 
3  vols.     <)S  each. 

YOUNG  (Arthur).  Travels  in 
France  during  the  years  1787, 
1788  and  1789.  Edited  by 
M.  Betham  Edwards.     t,s.  (,d. 

Tour   in   Ireland,   with 

General  Obseri-ations  on  the  state 
of  the  country  during  the  years 
1776  -  79.  Edited  by  A.  W. 
Mutton.  With  Complete  Biblio- 
graphy by  J.  P.  Anderson,  and 
Map.      2  vols,     y  (>d.  each 

YULE-TIDR  STORIES.  A  Col- 
lection of  Scamlinavian  and  North- 
German  Popular  Tales  and  Tra- 
ditions, from  the  Swedish,  Danish, 
and  German.  Edited  by  B  Thorpe, 
5f- 


NEW    AND     FORTHCOMING     VOLUMES    OF 

BONN'S  LIBRARIES. 


THE  PROSE  WORKS  OF  JONATHAN  SWIFT.  Edited  by 
Temple  Scott.  With  an  Introduction  by  the  Right  Hon.  W.  E.  H. 
Lecky,  M. P.     In  il  volumes,  y.  6d.  each. 

Vol.  I. — '  A  Tale  oi  a  Tub,'  '  The  Battle  of  the  Books,'  and  other 
early  works.  Edited  by  Temple  .Scott.  With  Introduction  by  the 
Right  Hon.  W.  E.  H.  Lecky,  M  P.     Portrait  and  Facsimiles. 

Vol.  II.— 'The  Journal  to  Stella.'  Edited  by  F.  Ryland,  M.A. 
With   a  Facsimile  Letter  and  two  Portraits  of  Stella. 

Vols.  Ill  and  IV. — Writings  on  Religion  and  the  Church. 
Edited  by  Temple  Scott.     With  portraits  and  facsimiles  of  title  pages. 

Vol.  V.  —Historical  and  Political  Tracts  (English).  Edited  by 
Temple  Scott.     With  Portrait  and  Facsimiles. 

Vol.  VIII  —Gulliver's  Travels  Edited  by  G.  R.  Dennis.  With 
the  original  Maps  and  Illustrations. 

PRESCOTT'S  CONQUEST  OF  MEXICO.  Copyright  edition, 
with  the  author's  latest  corrections  and  additions,  and  the  notes  of 
John  Foster  Kirk.  With  an  introduction  by  George  Parker  Winship. 
3  vols.  [/«  the  Press. 

GRAY'S  LETTERS.  Edited  by  Duncan  C.  Tovey,  M.A.,  Editor  ol 
'Gray  and  his  Friends,'  &c.,  late  Clark  Lecturer  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge.     Vol.  I.     3^.  bil.  [  Vol.  II.  in  the  Press. 

CICERO'S  LETTERS.  The  whole  extant  Correspondence.  Trans- 
lated by  Evelyn  S.  Shuckburgh,  M.A.     In  4  vols,     ^s  each. 

CARLYLE'S  SARTOR  RESARTUS.  With  75  Illustrations.  By 
Edmund  J.  Sullivan.      5^. 

HAMPTON  COURT:  A  SHORT  HISTORY  OF  THE  MANOR 
AND    PALACE.     By  Ernest  Law,  B.A.     Illustrated.     5^. 

GASPARY'S  HISTORY  OF  EARLY  ITALIAN  LITERATURE 
TO  THE  DEATH  OF  DANTE.  Translated,  with  supple- 
mentary bibliographical  notes,  by  Herman  Oelsner,  M.A.,  Ph.D. 
Vol.  I.     3J.  6,/. 


BELL'S    HANDBOOKS 

UK 

THE    GREAT    MASTERS 

IN   PAINTING  AND  SCULPTURE. 

Edited  by  G.  C.  WILLIAMSON,  Lnr.D. 

I'ost  8vo.     With  40  Illustrations  and  Photogravure  FroiUis|iiecc.   Sj.  not  each. 


Thr  follmoing  Volumes  have  been  issued  : 
HERNADINO  LUINI.    By  Georwe  C.  Williamson,  Lilt. I).     2nd  Edition. 
VEL.\SQUEZ.     By  R.  A.  M.  Stevenson.    2nd  Edition. 
.\NDKEA  DEL  S.VKTO.     By  H.  Guinness. 
LUCA  SIGXORELLL     By  Maitd  Cruttwell. 
R.\PHAEL.     By  H.  Sirachev. 

CARLO    CRIVELLI.      By   G.    McNeil    Rushkokih,     M.A. 
CORREGGIO.     By  Sf.lwyn  Brinton,  M.A. 
DONATELLO.     By  Hope  Rea. 
PERUGINO.     By  G.  C.  Williamson,  Litt.D. 
SODOMA.     By  the  Contessa  Lorenzo  Priuli-Bon. 
LUCA  DELLA  RGBBIA.     By  the  Marciiesa  Burlamacciii. 
GR)RGIONE.     By  Herwebt  Cook,  M.A. 
MEMLINC.     By  W.  H.James  Weale. 
PIXTORICCHIO.     By  Evelyn  March  Phillipps. 
PIERO  DELLA  FRANCESCA.     By  W.  G.  Water=,  M.A. 

/«  preparation. 

EL  GRECO.     By  Manuel  B.  Cossio,  Litt.D.,  Ph.D.,  Direciur  1.1  th.-  M  mo 
P^dagogique,  Madrid. 

FRANCIA.     By  GtORCR  C.  Williamson,  Litt.D.,  Editor  ol  tiie  .Series. 

M.ANTEGN.A.     By  Mai/u  Cruttwell. 

BRUNELLESCIU.     By  Leader  Scott. 

REMBRANDT.     By  Malcolm  Bell. 

GIOTTO.     By  F.  Mason  Perkins. 

WILKIE.     By  Lord  Ronald  Su  iherland-Gower,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

MICHAEL  ANGELO.     By  Charles  Hoi.royd,    Keeper  of  the  Naiiiin;il 

Gallrr>'  of  British  .Art. 

GERARD  DOU.     By   Dr.   W.    Mariin,    Sulj. director   ol    the  Royal    j'rint 
Rijom,  The   H;iKUc. 

DURER.     By  Hans  W.  Sin»;br,   M..\  ,   I'h.D  ,  .Assistant  Director  of  ihe 

Ruya)  I'riiil  Room,  Dresden. 

TIMORE'lTO.     By  L  B.  .Stougiitun  IIolhorn,  M.A. 

THE  BROTHERS  BELLINI.     By  S    Ariulk  Strom.,  M..\.,  l.iKrariar: 
10  the  Hoiue  of  Lord>. 

Ulhe'S  to  follow. 


(  28  ) 

THE 

CHISWICK  SHAKESPEARE 

Illustrated  hy   BYAM   SHAW. 
With  Introductions  and  Glossaries  by  JOHN  DENNIS. 


This  Edition  of  the  Works  of  Shakespeare  is  being  issued  in  single 
plays,  each  containing  six  full-page  Illustrations  by  Mr.  Byam  Shaw, 
as  well  as  head  and  tailpieces  The  volumes  are  printed  at  the  Chiswick 
Press,  price  \s.  6rf.  net  per  volume,  handsomely  bound  in  linen,  with  gilt 
decoration  ;  or  in  limp  leather,  is.  net.  A  few  copies,  to  be  sold  only  in 
sets,  printed  on  Japanese  vellum,  price  5^.  net. 

A'o^c  ready. 

HAMLET.  OTHELLO. 

THE  MERCHANT  OF  VENICE.  MACBETH. 

ROMEO  AND  JULIET.  AS  YOU  LIKE  IT. 

THE  WINTER'S  TALE.  THE  TEMPEST. 

A  MIDSUMMER-NIGHT'S  DREAM.  KING  LEAR. 

MUCH  ADO  ABOUT  NOTHING.  TWELFTH  NIGHT. 

ANTONY  AND  CLEOPATRA.  JULIUS  C/ESAR. 

TWO  GENTLEMEN  OF  VERONA.  CORIOLANUS. 

KING  HENRY  IV.     Part  I.  KING  JOHN. 

KING  HENRY  IV.     Part  II.  KING  RICHARD  H. 

CYMBELINE.  KING  HENRY  V. 

THE    MERRY    WIVES    OF  WINDSOR. 

Further   Volumes  at  Monthly  Intenals. 


'  A  fascinating  little  ei&vCiori^—Notesmid Queries. 

•  A  cheap,  very  comely,  and  altogether  desirable  edition.'  -IVestiiiivster  Gazette. 

'  But  a  few  years  ago  such  volumes  would  have  been  deemed  worthy  to  be  considered 
unions  de  hixe.  To-day,  the  low  price  at  which  they  are  offered  to  the  public  alone 
prevents  them  being  so  regarded.'— .S'i'KrfM. 

'  Handy  in  shape  and  size,  wonderfully  cheap,  beautifully  printed  from  the  Cam- 
bridge text,  and  illuurated  quaintly  yet  admirably  by  Mr.  Byam  Shaw,  we  have  nothing 
but  "praise  for  u.  No  one  who  wants  a  good  and  convenient  Shakespeare— without 
excursuses,  discursu^es,  or  even  too  many  notes — can  do  better,  in  our  opinion,  than 
subscribe  to  this  issue  :  which  is  saying  a  good  deal  in  these  days  of  cheap  reprints.'— 
yanity  Fair. 

'  Altogettter,  it  is  a  pretty  and  desirable  little  edition,  and  Its  moderate  price  should 
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speares 


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'  No  more  delightful  edition  of  Shakespeare  has  ever  come  under  our  notice.  The 
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(         29         ) 
New  Editions,  foap.  8vo.  2».  6d.  each  net. 

THE     ALDINE     EDITION 


BRITISH      POETS. 

•Thi,  excellent  edition  of  the  En^Ush  classics,  with  their  complete  »«'■»>'»'"' 
„hoS;"wnctions.  .re  somethin.  very  diflerent  frooa  he  cheap  volnmes  o. 
extrsct/which  are  just  now  90  much  too  common.--Se.  Jam..  .  QazetU. 

•  in  exoeUent  series.    Small,  haudy.  and  oomplete/-Snt,»<ia,,  Review. 


Aienslde.  Edited  by  Bev.  A.  Dyoe. 
Seattle.  Edited  by  Bev.  A.  Dyce. 
Edited  by  W.  M.  Rossetti. 
Edited  by  Q.  A.  Aitken. 


Son- 
With 

Bev. 


•Blake. 
•Bums 

3  vols. 
BuUer.    Edited  by  B.  B.  Johnson. 

2  ToLi. 
Campbell.     Edited   by   His 

in.law.  the  Re-r.   A.  W.   Hill. 

Memoir  by  W.  Allingham. 
Ohatterton.     Edited  by  the 

W.  W.  Skeat,  M.A.     2  voli. 
Chaucer.   Edited  by  Dr.  B.  Morris, 

with  Memoir  by  Sir  H.  Nicolas.  6  vols. 
Churchill.   Edited  by  Jas.Hannay. 

2  vols. 
•Coleridge.      Edited  by  T.  Aahe, 

B.A.     2  vols. 

Collins.        Edited     by     W.     Moy 

Thomas. 
Cowper.     Editfd  by  John  Bruoe, 

F  S.A      3  vols. 

Dryden.     Edited  by  the  Bev.  B. 

Hooper,  M.A.     5  »ol» 

Falconer.      Edited  by  the  Bev.  J. 

Mitford. 

Goldsmith.      Revised   Edition  by 

Austin  Doh»on.     With  Tortniit. 
•Gray.     Edited  by  J.  Bradshaw, 

LL.i). 
Herbert.     Edited  by  the  Bev  A.  B. 

Gro«»'t. 
•Herrlok.        Edited     by     George 

Saintsbur)-.    2  vol.s 
•Keats.     Edited  by  the  late  Lord 

Honirhton 


Klrke    White.      Edited,    with    a 

Jlemoir,  by  Sir  U.  Nicolas. 

Milton.  Edited  by  Dr.  Bradshaw. 
2  vols. 

PameU.     Edited  by  O.  A.  Aitken. 

Pope.  Edited  by  G.  B.  Dennis. 
With  Memoir  by  John  Dennis.    3  vols. 

Prior.  Edited  by  B.  B.  Johnson. 
2  vols. 

Raleigh  and  Wotton.  With  Se- 
lections from  the  Writings  of  other 
COURTLY  POETS  from  1540  to  1650. 
Edited  by  Ven.  Archdeacon  Hannah, 
D.C.L. 

Rogers.     Edited  by  Edward  Bell, 

M.A. 
Scott.      Edited  by  John   Dennis. 

5  vols. 

Shakespeare's  Poems.     Edited  by 

Rev.  A.  Dyce. 
Shelley.      Edited  by   H.   Buxton 

Forman.    5  vols. 
Spenser.    Edited  by  J.  Payne  Col- 
lier.   5  vols. 
Surrey.     Edited  by  J.  Yeowell. 
Swift.      Edited    by    the    Rev.    J. 

Mitfoni.    3  vols. 
Thomson.     Edited  by  the  Bev.  D. 

C.  Tovf-y.    2  vols. 
V  a  u  g  h  a  n.     Sacred  I'oeme   and 

Pious    Ejaculations.      Edited    by  the 

Rev.  H.  Lyte. 
Wordsworth       Edited    by  Prof. 
'        Dowden.    7  vols. 

Wyatt     Edited  by  J.  Yeowell. 
1  Young      2   vols.     Edited  by  the 

I         Rev.  .1.  Mitford. 


noiii^uiuM. 

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CANTERBURY.    By  Hartlev  Withers.  3rd  Edition,  revised. 
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Prefaring. 

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MERS,  I.A.,  F.S.ACScot.). 
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M.A. 


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The  Appendices   comprise   a    Pronouncing  Gazetteer   of   the    World 
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■  We  believe  that,  all  things  considered,  this  will  be  found  to  be  the  best 
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^^  aiVcB&T^ 


.  9  '48 

JAN  i  8   1955 


JUL  t  1  19M 


u