Hydrographic data from the OPTOMA Program : OPTOMA2, legs I and II, 31 July-14 August, 1982

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ARCH REPORTS [
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCi-lCOL
MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA 93943

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
MONTEREY. CALIFORNIA 93940

NPS68-84-002

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

Monterey, California

HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM
0PT0MA2, LEGS I AND II
31 JULY - 14 AUGUST, 1982.

by

Michele M. Rienecker
Christopher tf.K. Mooers
Marie C. Colton
Paul A. Wittmann

March 1984

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited,

FEDDOCS

D 208.14/2

NPS-68-84-002

Prepared for:

Office of Naval Research

Environmental Sciences Directorate (Code 420)

Arlington, VA 22217.

~U?Z * NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY Monterey, California 93943

NAVAL POST ' ■■.bCHOOL

MONTEREY 01

David A. Schrady

Commodore R.H. Shumaker Provost

Superintendent

This report is for the research project "Ocean Prediction Through
Observations, Modeling and Analysis" sponsored by the Physical Ocean phy
Program of the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 6115JN.
Reproduction of all or part of this report is authorized.

This report was prepared by:

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BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

t. REPORT NUMBER

NPS68-84-002

2. GOVT ACCESSION NO

3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

4. TITLE (and Subtitle)

HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM.
0PT0MA2, LEGS I AND II, 31 JULY - 14 AUGUST, 1982

5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

Report for October 1982 to
March 1984.

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHORf*;

Michele M. Rienecker, Christopher N.K. Mooers
Marie C. Colton, Paul A. Wittmann

8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERf*)

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

Naval Postgraduate School
Monterey, CA 93943.

10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK
AREA ft WORK UNIT NUMBERS

61153N
N0001484WR24051

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS

Office of Naval Research (Code 420)
Arlington VA 22217.

12. REPORT DATE

March 1984.

13. NUMBER OF PAGES

65

U. MONITORING AGENCY NAME ft ADDRESSf// dltterent Irom Controlling Olllce)

15. SECURITY CLASS, (of thla report)

Unclassified

15a. DECLASSIFI CATION/ DOWN GRADING
SCHEDULE

18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ot thle Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

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18 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reveree elde It neceeemry and Identity by block number)

California Current System
Physical oceanography
Dynamic oceanography

20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reveree eldo It nacaaeary and Identity by block number)

The cruise 0PT0MA2 was undertaken in August, 1982 to sample a subdomain
of the California Current System. This report presents the hydrographic
data, acquired by XBT and CTD casts, from the cruise.

DO i JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV «S IS OBSOLETE

S/N 0)02- LF- 014- 6601

Unclassified

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)

Hydrographic Data from the OPTOMA Program:
OPTOMA2, Legs I and II

31 July - 14 August. 1982

by

Michele M. Rienecker

Christopher N. K. Mooers

Marie C. Colton

Paul A. Wittmann

Chief Scientists: C. N. K. Mooers and A. R. Robinson

The OPTOMA Program is a joint program of
Department of Oceanography Center for Earth and Planetary Physics

Naval Postgraduate School Harvard University

Monterey, CA 93943. Cambridge, MA 02138.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

< ...

■

PAGE

LIST OF FIGURES

INTRODUCTION

DATA ACQUISITION

DATA PROCESSING

DATA PRESENTATION

SECTION 1: LEG I

SECTION 2: LEG II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST

l l

2

2

3

4

6
32
63
63
64

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Caption Page

1. The NOCAL and CENCAL subdomains of the OPTOMA 1
Program. Isobaths are shown in meters.

2. Cruise track for 0PT0MA2, Leg I with transect 7
extremes identified by letter.

3. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA2, Leg I. 8

4. Station numbers for 0PT0MA2, Leg I. 9

5 (a)-(f). Staggered temperature profiles from the XBT's. 13

Profiles are staggered by a multiple of 5C.
(0PT0MA2, Leg I).

6 (a)-(c). Temperature profiles, staggered by multiples 19

of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by
multiples of 4 ppt. (0PT0MA2, Leg I).

7 (a)-(d). Isotherms from XPT's and CTD's. Tick marks 22

along the horizontal axis show station
positions. Some station numbers are shown.
Arrows indicate the positions where the cruise
track changed direction. (0PT0MA2, Leg I).

8 (a)-(b). Isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t 26

from the CTO's. (0PT0MA2, Leg I).

9. T-S pairs from the CTD casts for 0PT0MA2, 28
Leg I.

10. Profiles of T(z) with + and - the standard 29
deviation from (a) XBT's and CTO's and (b) CTO's

only. (0PT0MA2, Leg I).

11. Profiles of (a) mean salinity and (b) mean 30
sigma-t, with + and - the standard deviations,

from the CTO's. (0PT0MA2, Leg I).

12. Profiles of N2(z) ( ), with + and - the 31

standard deviation ( ) and the profile

of N2 from T(z) and S(z) ( ). (OPT0MA2,

Leg I).

13. Cruise track for 0PT0MA2, Leg II with transect 33
extremes identified by letter.

ii

Figure No, Caption Page

14. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA2, Leg II. 34

15. Station numbers for 0PT0MA2, Leg II. 35

16 (a)-(g). Staggered temperature profiles from the XBT's. 40

Profiles are staggered by a multiple of 5C.
(0PT0MA2, Leg II).

17 (a)-(e). Temperature profiles, staggered by multiples 47

of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by
multiples of 4 ppt. (0PT0MA2, Leg II).

18 (a)-(d). Isotherms from XBT's and CTD's. Tick marks 52

along the horizontal axis show station
positions. Some station numbers are shown.
Arrows indicate the positions where the cruise
track changed direction. (0PT0MA2, Leg II).

19 (a)-(c). Isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t 56

from the CTD's. (0PT0MA2, Leg II).

20. T-S pairs from the CTD casts for 0PT0MA2, 59
Leg II.

21. Profiles of T(z) with + and - the standard 60
deviation from (a) XBT's and CTD's and (b)

CTD's only. (0PT0MA2, Leg II).

22. Profiles of (a) mean salinity and (b) mean 61
sigma-t, with + and - the standard deviations,

from the CTD's. (0PT0MA2, Leg II).

23. Profiles of N2(z) ( ), with + and - the 62

standard deviation ( ), and the profile

of N2 from T(z) and S(z) ( ). (0PT0MA2,

Leg II).

in

41N

39N

37N

35N

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 1: The NOCAL and CENCAL subdomains of the OPTOMA Program. Isobaths
are shown in meters.

INTRODUCTION

The OPTOMA (Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis) Program
a joint NPS/Harvard program sponsored by ONR, seeks to understand the mesoscale
(fronts, eddies, and jets) variability and dynamics of the California Current System
and to determine the scientific limits to practical mesoscale ocean forecasting. To
help carry out the aims of this project, a series of cruises has been planned
in two subdomains, NOCAL and CENCAL, shown in Figure 1.

The cruise 0PT0MA2 was undertaken, in the R/V ACANIA, for two weeks in August,
1982 and covered part of the NOCAL domain which is roughly 200 km square
centered 150 km off the California coast.

Hydrographic data were acquired during two legs: Leg I was carried out
during the period 31 July to 5 August and sampled an area 130 km cross-shore
by 190 km alongshore with additional transects to and from the domain as shown
in Figure 2. The transect extremes are identified by letter to aid in the
cross-referencing of data presented in subsequent figures. Leg II was
carried out during the period 8 to 14 August and sampled an area roughly 150 km
cross-shore by 100 km alongshore as shown in Figure 13. Each leg consisted
of a series of parallel transects directed alongshore, separated by roughly
45 km and along which hydrographic stations were occupied every 8.8 km.
In addition, there were diagonal transects and tracks to and from the domain.
DATA ACQUISITION

Data acquired during 0PT0MA2 include XBT and CTD profiles and continuous
2 m thermal sal inograph measurements. Bucket surface temperature and water
samples for salinity were taken at every CTD station. These surface values and
those at 2 m were used for calibration purposes as well as contributions to the
data base. Continuous meteorological data such as atmospheric pressure at a
height of 2 m and wind speed and direction at a height of 20 m were also
recorded. The XBT, CTD and continuous "underway" data were digitized using an

HP 5328 frequency counter and a 40 channel digital voltmeter. The continuous
data were averaged over one-minute intervals. All data were recorded, using
an HP 9835 computer, on data cassettes and transferred ashore to the IBM
3033 mainframe computer for editing and processing.

Station positions were determined by Loran C fixes and are claimed to be accurate
to within about 0.1 km. The probe on the Sippican Expendable Bathythermograph
(XBT) has an accuracy of jK).2C in temperature and +2% or 4.6 m (whichever is greater)
in depth. The Neil Brown Instrument Mark 1 1 lb conductivity - temperature - depth
(CTD) sensors have an accuracy of jK).005 mmho, jf0.005C, and _+1.6db, respectively.
The 2 m underway sensors are from SEA-BIRD Electronics. The temperature sensor,
a glass coated thermistor bead, has an accuracy of _+0.003C; the conductivity
sensor, a two-terminal flow-through electrode cell, has an accuracy of of jf0.003
mmho/cm. The bottle surface salinity samples were determined ashore by a Guildline
Model 8400 "Autosal " salinometer with an accuracy of j+0.003 ppt. The Table on page 6
summarizes the various sensors available on the R/V ACANIA and their accuracy.
DATA PROCESSING

Data processing, such as estimating depth profiles for the XBT temperature

profiles based on the XBT's descent speed, and conversion of CTD conductivity

to salinity using the algorithm given in Lewis and Perkin (1981), was carried out

on the IBM 3033 at the Naval Postgraduate School. The data were then edited

by removing obvious salinity spikes and eliminating cast failures that were not

identified during the cruise. Approximately 91% of casts were retained in the

data set. The CTD salinity profiles were corrected by reference to the 2 m

salinity and surface salinity measurements. The surface salinities from the CTD

casts up to Station 110 were too high on average by 0.17 ppt; hence they were

adjusted accordingly. Thereafter, the offset was random and the average difference

between sensors was only 0.02 ppt; hence, no correction was made. The CTD

data were interpolated to 5 m intervals and then up and down casts were averaged.

3

The data have been transferred on digital tape to the National
Oceanographic Data Center in Washington, DC.

DATA PRESENTATION

The cruise track, station locations (with XBT's and CTD's identified) and
station numbers are shown in the first three figures of each of the next
two sections, which present the data from Leg I and Leg II, respectively. These
figures are followed by a listing of the stations, with their coordinates,
the date and time at which the station was occupied, and the surface
information obtained at the station.

Vertical profiles of temperature from the XBT casts are shown in staggered
fashion. The location of these profiles may be found by reference to the
various maps of the cruise track. Transect extremes are identified as nearly
as possible. The first profile on each plot is shown with its temperature
unchanged; to each subsequent profile an appropriate multiple of 5C has been
added. Vertical profiles from the CTD's follow. Profiles of temperature are
staggered by 5C and those of salinity by 4 ppt.

Isotherms for each transect are shown in the next pages, followed by
isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t from the CTD's. Based on instrument
accuracy and the vertical temperature gradient, it is estimated that the depth of
isotherms in the main thermocline are uncertain to _+20m. The tick marks
identify station positions and, again, the transect extremes are shown on these
plots. In each section, the data presentation concludes with a scatter diagram
of T-S pairs, plots of mean and + standard deviation on profiles of temperature from
XBT's and CTD's and temperature, salinity and sigma-t from the CTD's, and a plot
of the mean and +_ standard deviation profiles of N2 (Brunt-Vai sala frequency
squared). On the sigma-t and N2 plots, the appropriate profiles derived from
the mean temperature and mean salinity profiles are also shown, but these are
barely distinguishable from the mean profiles themselves.

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS ABOARD THE R/V ACANIA

Instrument Variable

Sensor

Accuracy

Resolution

Neil Brown pressure strain gage
CTD temperature thermistor
Mark Illb conductivity electrode cell

1.6 db 0.025 db
0.005 C 0.0005 C
0.005 mmho 0.001 mmho

Sippican temperature thermistor
BT depth descent speed

0.2 C

max . of 4 . 6 m

and 2% of depth

Guildline
Autosal

conductivity electrode cell 0.003 ppt 0.0002 ppt

Amatek
Straza
ADVP

velocity
profiles
to 100m

4 beam
sonar

3 cm/sec

relative to

ship speed 3 cm/sec

Rosemount sea surface platinum
Sensor temperature thermometer

0.05 C

0.005 C

Sea-Bird temperature thermistor
Sensors conductivity electrode cell
at 2 meters

0.003 C 0.0005 C
0.003 mmho 0.0005 mmho

Rosemount
Sensor

air
temperature

thermometer

0.01 C

Kavolico
Barometer

atmospheric
pressure

pressure
transducer

1.5 mb

0.1 mb

*1200 EPS
Hygrometer

dew point

condensation
temp, sensor

0.2 C

0.02 C

Meteorology
Res. Inc.

wind
speed

anemometer

0. 15 mph
or 1%

Meteorology
Res. Inc.

wind
direction

vane

2 . 5 degrees

Internav
LC408
LORAN C

position

two chain

LORAN

receiver

100 meters 10 meters

Motorola
Miniranger

position
* Not operating on the 0PT0MA2 cruise.

microwave
transponders

4 meters 2 meters

SECTION 1

0PT0MA2 - LEG I
31 JULY to 5 AUGUST 1982

41N

39N

37N

35N

H / Eureka
f ) Cape Mendocino

E ^

ty

. . . ) Pt. Arena

iB.

^V UT San

^^IFran cisco

F

^D

. A

A Monterey
V Pt. Sur

\— . Morro
: (Bay

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 2: Cruise track for 0PT0MA2, Leg I with transect extremes identified
by letter.

41N

39N

37N

35N

x>

a

xx

, Eureka

X /

x ) Cape Mendocino

\..

x°

X

3X>1 %

o

X x

x

X
X
X
X
X

<x
*x*
x a

X

r xx

X
X

> ) Pt. A

rena

X

a

X
X

>

X X>
X *

f, x

X X
X
X v X

a D

X
X

Xr, X

x

□
[ x

X x

X X

D

x x
x x
x X

x D

x X
X X
x X

^. 1<T San

^LlFrancisco

- - - -a - - - x ' a-
x x x
x x x
X X
XX r
X
X

X

)

K

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

f Monterey
V Pt. Sur

XBT : X
CTD : □

\-. Morro
: >Bay

128W 126W 124W

Figure 3: XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA2, Leg I

122W

120W

41N

39N

37N

35N

Cape Mendocino

San
Francisco

Monterey
Pt. Sur

Morro
Bay

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 4: Station numbers for 0PT0MA2, Leg I.

XBT

CTD STATION LISTING

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE
(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINTIY
(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

1

XBT

82212

1526

37

.00

124

.01

13

9

2

XBT

82212

1733

37

.05

124

.05

15

0

3

XBT

82212

1844

37

.08

124

.07

15

1

4

XBT

82212

2016

37

.12

124

.13

15

1

5

XBT

82212

2132

37

.16

124

.16

14

8

6

XBT

82212

2314

37

.20

124

22

14

0

7

XBT

82213

19

37

.24

124

24

13

6

8

XBT

82213

140

37

.28

124

29

13

3

9

XBT

82213

242

37

.31

124

33

13

0

10

XBT

82213

402

37

.34

124

40

13

2

11

XBT

82213

515

37

.38

124

40

13

3

12

XBT

82213

625

37

.42

124

44

13

6

13

XBT

82213

746

37

.45

124

.44

14

2

14

XBT

82213

910

37

.49

124

.51

14

1

16

XBT

82213

1154

37

.56

124

60

15

4

17

CTD

82213

1252

38

.00

125

03

15

1

18

XBT

82213

1609

38

.04

125

07

14

4

19

XBT

82213

1649

38

.08

125

09

14

6

20

XBT

82213

1726

38

.12

125

11

14

9

21

CTD

82213

1828

38

17

125

14

14

1

22

XBT

82213

1919

38

22

125

16

12

9

23

XBT

82213

1958

38

26

125

17

13

5

24

XBT

82213

2035

38

31

125

20

14

2

26

XBT

82213

2231

38

40

125

25

15

1

27

XBT

82213

2306

38

.45

125

27

15

5

28

XBT

82213

2346

38

49

125

30

15

4

29

CTD

82214

44

38

54

125

32

15

2

30

XBT

82214

134

38

58

125

34

15

6

31

XBT

82214

217

39

02

125

36

15

6

32

XBT

82214

318

39

07

125

38

15

4

33

CTD

82214

432

39

11

125

40

15

3

34

XBT

82214

555

39

15

125

43

15

2

35

XBT

82214

647

39

19

125

45

15

4

36

XBT

82214

743

39

23

125

47

15

7

37

CTD

82214

857

39

28

125

48

15

3

38

XBT

82214

1014

39

32

125

52

15

6

40

XBT

82214

1150

39

34

125

59

15

7

41

CTD

82214

1303

39

33

126

04

15

6

42

XBT

82214

1422 -

39

32

126

09

15

7

43

XBT

82214

1453

39

29

126

14

16

1

44

CTD

82214

1550

39

27

126

20

15

6

45

XBT

82214

1628

39

23

126

18

15

4

46

XBT

82214

1709

39

17

126

16

15

5

47

XBT

82214

1730

39

14

126

14

15

8

48

CTD

82214

1813

39

11

126

11

15

2

49

XBT

82214

1850

39

07

126

10

16

1

50

XBT

82214

1934

39

01

126

07

15

7

51

XBT

82214

2001

38

57

126

06

15

5

33.06

33.14

32.75

32.70

32.62

32.48

32.62

32.69

15.2

15.0

15.2

15.3

15.5

15.7

15.8

33.15

33.11

32.84

32.65

32.68

32.58

32.57

15.4 32.62

10

STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE

(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY
(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

52 CTD 82214 2046 38.53 126.04 14.9 32.70 14.9 32.64

53 XBT 82214 2135 38.48 126.01 15.2

54 XBT 82214 2206 38.44 125.59 14.6

55 XBT 82214 2301 38.40 125.57 14.7

56 CTD 82214 2349 38.36 125.55 14.1 32.70 14.3 32.79

57 XBT 82215 32 38.32 125.54 14.2

58 XBT 82215 108 38.27 125.51 14.0

59 XBT 82215 145 38.23 125.49 16.2

60 CTD 82215 238 38.18 125.47 16.5 32.82 16.5 32.76

61 XBT 82215 315 38.14 125.46 16.9

62 XBT 82215 348 38.10 125.42 16.4

63 XBT 82215 416 38.06 125.39 15.9

64 CTD 82215 503 38.00 125.39 15.7 32.99 15.9 32.82

65 XBT 82215 557 37.57 125.36 15.8

66 XBT 82215 637 37.52 125.33 15.6

67 XBT 82215 711 37.49 125.38 15.8

68 CTD 82215 757 37.50 125.43 15.4 32.87 15.9 32.96

69 XBT 82215 836 37.46 125.44 15.5

71 CTD 82215 1000 37.42 126.00 15.5 32.86 15.7 32.87

72 XBT 82215 1126 37.46 126.01 15.7

73 XBT 82215 1205 37.52 126.04 15.7

74 XBT 82215 1231 37.55 126.05 15.7

75 CTD 82215 1316 37.59 126.08 15.6 32.86 15.7 32.87

76 XBT 82215 1402 38.04 126.10 15.8

79 CTD 82215 1612 38.17 126.16 16.4 32.85 16.5 32.87

80 XBT 82215 1658 38.20 126.19 15.8

81 XBT 82215 1733 38.25 126.21 15.6

82 XBT 82215 1803 38.30 126.22 15.5

83 CTD 82215 1907 38.34 126.25 15.2 32.97 15.4 32.92

84 XBT 82215 2014 38.38 126.28 15.7

85 XBT 82215 2047 38.43 126.30 14.7

86 XBT 82215 2119 38.47 126.32 14.8

87 CTD 82215 2200 38.51 126.34 15.5 32.60 15.5

88 XBT 82215 2249 38.57 126.36 16.0

89 XBT 82215 2317 39.00 126.39 16.3

90 XBT 82215 2351 39.05 126.41 16.4

91 CTD 82216 36 39.09 126.44 16.1 32.76 16.3

92 XBT 82216 124 39.14 126.46 16.2

93 XBT 82216 156 39.18 126.48 16.8

94 XBT 82216 235 39.16 126.55 16.6

95 CTD 82216 317 39.15 126.59 16.3 32.73 16.3 32.65

96 XBT 82216 405 39.13 127.06 17.0

98 CTD 82216 539 39.10 127.16 16.9 32.72 17.0 32.64

99 XBT 82216 649 39.03 127.14 16.7

100 XBT 82216 722 39.01 127.12 16.6

101 XBT 82216 754 38.57 127.10 16.3

102 CTD 82216 839 38.53 127.07 15.6 32.69 15.7 32.82

103 XBT 82216 927 38.48 127.05 15.6

104 XBT 82216 958 38.44 127.03 15.7

105 XBT 82216 1026 38.40 127.01 15.3

106 CTD 82216 1108 38.35 126.58 15.2 32.72 15.3 32.84

11

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE
(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY
(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

107
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
122
124
125
130
135
137
138
141
142
144
145
146
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
160
161
162

XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT

82216
82216
82216
82216
82216
82216
82216
82216
82216
82216
82216
82216
82216
82216
82216
82216
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217
82217

1151

1243

1321

1403

1432

1503

1550

1637

1709

1744

1818

1852

2023

2138

2248

2323

158

435

540

609

745

819

924

953

1031

1135

1205

1238

1311

1343

1415

1446

1515

1600

1642

1707

1806

1840

1909

38.30
38.22
38.18
38.13
38.09
38.05
38.01
37.56
37.52
37.47
37.43
37.38
37.33
37.43
37.53
37.58
38.22
38.45
38.55
38.59
39.13
39.18
39.28
39.32
39.35
39.42
39.46
39.49
39.52
39.56
39.59
40.02
40.06
40.09
40.12
40.15
40.22
40.25
40.28

126.55
126.50
126.49
126.46
126.44
126.41
126.39
126.37
126.35
126.33
126.30
126.28
126.25
126.24
126.21
126.19
126.13
126.07
126.04
126.03
125.60
125.58
125.55
125.54
125.54
125.45
125.41
125.36
125.32
125.26
125.23
125.18
125.14
125.09
125.05
125.01
124.52
124.47
124.43

15.3
15.4
15.7
15.7
15.7
16.0
16.6

16
16
16
16
16

16.8
16.6
16.4

16
16
15
15

16.0
16.7
16.7
16.8
16.9
16.9
16.7
16.8
16.4
16.2
15.8

15
15

14.9
15.2
14.9
14.0
12.8
12.1
12.1

33.00

32.95

15.7

16.7

32.91

33.00

32.87

15.3

33.00

12

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Staggered Temperature (deg C)

80

1800

41

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

400

£ 800

Oh

&

1200

1600

1 1 ' ' Tl

I I T I I f F I I F» I I I '

i ' ' r i ' ' r i ' ' m ' ' r i ' ' i i

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44 48 52 56 60 64

17

41

B

D

Figure 6(a): Temperature profiles, staggered by multiples
of 5C, and salinity profiles, staggered by multiples of 4 ppt

I')

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

400

fl 800

1200

60

80

1600

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

83

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

0 i i i m ' ' l l ■ ' II ' ' f I ' ' 1 I ' ' \ I ' ' f I ' ' T I ' ' ' l ' ' ' l ' ' ' I ' ' ' I

400

£h 800
&

1200 -

1600

64 68 71 75 79

D

87 91

83

Figure 6(b).
20

1200

1600

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

60

80

i i i i i i

98

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 56 62 66 70 74 78

400

g 800

1200

1600

y i ' ■ m ■ ' p ■ ' r i ■ ■ *. i ' ■ ^m ' ii ' ■ m

I i i » J ■ ' ' I ■ ' ' !

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Figure 6(c)
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100

200

400

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200

300

400

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Figure 8(a): Isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t, from the CTD's,

26

100 -

a

300

400

200 -

D ««-

E

68

75

200

Q

300 -

400

D

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Figure 8(b).

27

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32.0 32.5

34.5

33.0 33.5 34.0

Salinity (ppt)

Figure 9: T-S pairs from the CTD casts for 0PT0MA2, Leg I.

28

35.0

N

■

X*™*S

V

O m

\^ "" \

«-<

- ^S. \

cm

s^ \ s

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30

104 x N8 (sec"2)

1.0 1.5 2.0

100-

200-

O

300-

400

500

3.0

Figure 12: Profiles of N (z) (-

), with + and - the standard
2

deviation ( ), and the profile of N from T(z) and S(z)

( )•

31

SECTION 2

0PT0MA2 - LEG II
8 AUGUST to 14 AUGUST 1982

32

41N

39N

37N

35N

Hi Eureka
y/^ ) Cape Mendocino

K

M^

/o

/ Pt. Arena

J±

i nJM

^V k; San
^LlTrancisco

R

^^ s

r1 Monterey
UPt. Sur

v_. Morro
i (Bay

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 13: Cruise track for 0PT0MA2, Leg II with transect extremes
identified by letter.

33

41N

39N

37N

35N

>

X

D

1 Eureka

x (

xxx ) Cape Menc

ocino

x*'

a

X

xXxS1c

O t

(X D x

X

xH

X

D
X

□

X

k x D

< X x

x x

D X X

x x p

X X
□ X x

> ) Pt. A

rena

X

*x x^3

X * X

<: 0 X A

"■ x ° B
x > >
X XT,
D X x

x x » n

X D °XXD

□ x x

X

X X x

X x p

D X x

x X

*H °x

x -x°X x

X x

XX x
XXX
X X x

^V \<~^ San
^pjFrancisco

xx
xx

JC ._

Xxxxx>

xx x

XXx v

XX x

r Monterey
V Pt. Sur

XBT : X

CTD : □

\— . Morro
: >Bay

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 14: XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA2, Leg II,

34

41N

39N

37N

35N

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 15: Station numbers for 0PT0MA2, Leg II.

35

XBT - CTD STATION LISTING

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE
(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY
(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

164
165
166
167
168
169
171
172
173
174
175
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
186
187
189
190
191
192
194
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
207
208
209
210
211
212

XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT
XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
CTD
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT
CTD
XBT
XBT

82220
82220
82220
82220
82220
82220
82220
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82221
82222
82222
82222
82222
82222
82222
82222
82222
82222
82222
82222
82222

1958

2043

2116

2143

2213

2242

2354

37

105

140

215

216

314

344

447

529

638

744

823

905

947

1127

1226

1342

1432

1507

1608

1832

1808

1906

1939

2015

2116

2217

2252

2342

30

101

134

239

314

349

404

457

533

618

707

737

40.29
40.24
40.21
40.18
40.15
40.11
40.05
40.02
39.59
39.56
39.52
39.52
39.49
39.46
39.43
39.39
39.35
39.31
39.27
39.23
39.18
39.09
39.06
38.58
38.53
38.49
38.45
38.36
38.36
38.32
38.27
38.23
38.19
38.15
38.10
38.14
38.19
38.23
38.27
38.32
38.36
38.40
38.40
38.45
38.49
38.50
38.58
39.02

124.41
124.47
124.52
124.56
125.00
125.05
125.13
125.18
125.22
125.26
125.31
125.31
125.35
125.40
125.44
125.48
125.53
125.56
125.58
126.01
126.02
126.07
126.09
126.14
126.16
126.18
126.19
126.24
126.25
126.27
126.29
126.31
126.34
126.36
126.38
126.41
126.43
126.46
126.48
126.51
126.53
126.55
126.55
126.57
126.60
127.08
127.04
127.07

10.0
11.8
13.9

14
14
14
15
14
14
15

14.8
15.3
15.8
16.0
16.3
16.5
16.6
16.6
16.4

16
16

15.8
15.7

15
15
16
16

16.8
16.6
16.8
16.7
16.8
25.6
16.7
16.7
16.9
16.8
16.7
16.2
16.8
16.9
16.2
16.3
16.6
16.8
16.4
16.8
16.8

32.79

32.00

32.76
32.77

32.86
32.87
32.77

33.03
33.04

0.0
33.07
33.23

33.14
33.18

16.3
16.6

16.4
15.8
15.7

16.6
17.0
16.5

16.4
16.5

32.67
32.70

32.66
32.81
32.94

32.98
32.99

32.98
33.01
33.07

33.12
33.19

36

STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE

(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY
(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

213

CTD

82222

823

39.07

127.09

16.0

32

.83

16

. 1

32

.61

214

XBT

82222

910

39.11

127.11

15.9

215

XBT

82222

942

39.13

127.06

14.9

216

XBT

82222

1016

39.15

127.00

16.2

216
217

CTD

XBT

82222
82222

1018
1204

39.11
39.16

127.06
126.54

15.5
15.8

32

.84

15

.6

218

XBT

82222

1237

39.18

126.49

15.7

219

CTD

82222

1322

39.14

126.46

15.6

32

.78

16

.6

32

.80

220

XBT

82222

1408

39.10

126.43

16.4

221

XBT

82222

1443

39.05

126.41

16.7

222

XBT

82222

1515

39.01

126.40

16.7

222

CTD

82222

1530

39.01

126.40

16.5

33

.04

16

.5

32,

.98

223

XBT

82222

1615

38.57

126.37

16.4

224

XBT

82222

1652

38.52

126.35

16.9

225

CTD

82222

1740

38.48

126.32

16.7

33

.02

16

.8

33

.00

226

XBT

82222

1829

38.43

126.30

16.6

227

XBT

82222

1859

38.39

126.27

15.8

228

CTD

82222

1941

38.35

126.25

15.5

32

,75

15

.8

32

.71

229

XBT

82222

2023

38.30

126.24

16.1

230

XBT

82222

2054

38.26

126.21

16.0

231

XBT

82222

2123

38.21

126.19

16.0

231

CTD

82222

2137

38.21

126.19

15.7

32,

.77

15

.7

32

.79

232

XBT

82222

2220

38.17

126.16

16.4

233

XBT

82222

2251

38.19

126.11

16.0

234

CTD

82222

2340

38.21

126.05

15.8

32,

.81

15

.9

32

.78

236

XBT

82223

100

38.24

125.53

16.0

237

CTD

82223

145

38.29

125.56

16.3

32,

.73

16,

.4

32,

.71

238

XBT

82223

230

38.33

125.58

16.4

239

XBT

82223

300

38.37

126.00

16.5

240

XBT

82223

333

38.42

126.02

16.2

240

CTD

82223

348

38.42

126.02

16.2

32,

,77

16,

,7

32,

,73

242

XBT

82223

504

38.51

126.07

16.7

243

CTD

82223

549

38.55

126.10

16.5

32.

,62

16,

.4

32,

,75

244

XBT

82223

635

38.59

126.12

16.6

245

XBT

82223

708

39.04

126.15

16.2

246

CTD

82223

753

39.08

126.17

16.2

32.

,67

16,

.3

247

XBT

82223

834

39.12

126.19

16.2

248

XBT

82223

906

39.17

126.21

16.1

249

CTD

82223

952

39.21

126.24

16.1

32.

72

16,

,2

32,

.68

250

XBT

82223

1031

39.26

126.26

16.3

251

XBT

82223

1104

39.27

126.19

16.5

252

XBT

82223

1137

39.29

126.15

16.5

252

CTD

82223

1149

39.32

126.08

16.4

32.

84

16.

,4

32.

80

253

XBT

82223

1232

39.31

126.09

16.5

255

CTD

82223

1347

39.28

126.01

16.5

32.

82

16.

,5

32.

78

256

XBT

82223

1428

39.24

125.58

16.5

258

CTD

82223

1538

39.16

125.54

16.2

32.

64

16.

,2

259

XBT

82223

1622

39.11

125.52

16.3

260

XBT

82223

1652

39.07

125.49

16.3

37

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE
(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY
(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

261

CTD

82223

1731

39

.03

125

.47

16

.2

262

XBT

82223

1820

38

.58

125

.45

16

.9

263

XBT

82223

1848

38

.54

125

.43

16

.7

264

CTD

82223

1929

38

.50

125

.41

16

.2

265

XBT

82223

2012

38

.46

125

.38

16

.5

266

XBT

82223

2042

38

.42

125

.36

16

.9

267

XBT

82223

2117

38

.37

125

.34

16

.8

267

CTD

82223

2146

38

.37

125

.34

16

.7

268

XBT

82223

2308

38

.32

125

.30

16

.2

269

XBT

82223

2339

38

.33

125

.26

16

.9

270

CTD

82224

26

38

.35

125

.20

16

.8

271

XBT

82224

117

38

.37

125

.15

16

.8

273

CTD

82224

252

38

.42

125

.12

16

.7

275

XBT

82224

505

38

.51

125

.17

16

.2

276

XBT

82224

558

38

.55

125

.19

16

.2

277

XBT

82224

708

38

.59

125

.21

16

.9

278

XBT

82224

815

39

.03

125

.23

16

.6

280

XBT

82224

1101

39

.12

125,

.28

16

.9

282

XBT

82224

1428

39

.21

125,

.32

16

,5

283

XBT

82224

1601

39

.25

125,

.30

16

.5

283

CTD

82224

1805

39

.28

125,

.22

16,

.8

286

XBT

82224

1839

39

.24

125,

,23

16,

.8

287

XBT

82224

1909

39,

.19

125,

.20

16,

.7

288

XBT

82224

1941

39,

.15

125,

.17

17,

.0

289

CTD

82224

2023

39,

.11

125,

.15

16,

,5

290

XBT

82224

2101

39,

.06

125,

.13

16,

.5

291

XBT

82224

2128

39,

.02

125,

,11

16,

,6

292

XBT

82224

2155

38,

.58

125,

,08

16,

.6

293

CTD

82224

2244

38,

,54

125,

,06

16,

,7

294

XBT

82224

2328

38,

,50

125.

,06

16,

,6

295

XBT

82225

5

38,

,45

125.

,06

16,

,8

296

XBT

82225

40

38,

,40

125.

05

16,

.6

297

XBT

82225

111

38,

,35

125.

,05

16,

,4

300

XBT

82225

322

38,

,21

125.

,04

16,

,3

301

XBT

82225

400

38,

,16

125.

,04

13.

.9

302

XBT

82225

459

38,

,11

125.

,03

14,

1

303

XBT

82225

533

38.

,06

125.

03

15,

5

304

XBT

82225

606

38.

,01

125.

03

15.

5

305

XBT

82225

659

38.

,03

125.

10

15.

,0

306

XBT

82225

742

38.

05

125.

15

14.

9

307

XBT

82225

822

38.

06

125.

21

14.

9

308

XBT

82225

908

38.

11

125.

20

14.

5

309

XBT

82225

1004

38.

16

125.

21

15.

1

310

XBT

82225

1109

38.

21

125.

21

16.

2

311

XBT

82225

1204

38.

25

125.

21

16.

3

312

XBT

82225

1251

38.

20

125.

17

16.

0

313

XBT

82225

1336

38.

16

125.

15

14.

8

314

XBT

82225

1419

38.

12

125.

11

14.

0

315

XBT

82225

1501

38.

08

125.

07

14.

5

32.79

32.87

32.79

32.76

32.85

16.3

32.76

32.84

32.86

16.4 32.87

16.8

16.9

16.8

32.88

32.71

32.78

16.6

32.82

32.84 16.8 32.77

38

STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE

(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY
(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

316 XBT 82225 1531 38.04 125.04 14.8

317 XBT 82225 1601 37.60 125.01 15.8

318 XBT 82225 1624 37.57 124.58 16.4

319 XBT 82225 1658 37.53 124.54 16.1

320 XBT 82225 1728 37.49 124.50 15.4

321 XBT 82225 1758 37.45 124.46 14.7

322 XBT 82225 1827 37.42 124.42 13.9

323 XBT 82225 1857 37.38 124.38 15.4

324 XBT 82225 1928 37.34 124.35 16.4

325 XBT 82225 2000 37.31 124.31 15.8

326 XBT 82225 2034 37.27 124.27 15.9

327 XBT 82225 2106 37.23 124.23 15.9

328 XBT 82225 2136 37.20 124.19 16.0

329 XBT 82225 2205 37.16 124.16 15.0

330 XBT 82225 2239 37.13 124.13 15.0

331 XBT 82225 2313 37.09 124.09 15.0

332 XBT 82225 2343 37.05 124.05 14.5

333 XBT 82226 26 36.60 124.00 15.1

334 XBT 82226 59 36.59 123.54 15.5

335 XBT 82226 131 36.58 123.48 15.3

336 XBT 82226 200 36.57 123.43 15.1

337 XBT 82226 227 36.56 123.37 15.2

338 XBT 82226 258 36.55 123.31 15.6

339 XBT 82226 332 36.54 123.24 15.4

340 XBT 82226 402 36.53 123.18 15.5

341 XBT 82226 431 36.52 123.13 15.4

342 XBT 82226 503 36.51 123.07 15.3

343 XBT 82226 534 36.50 123.01 14.9

345 XBT 82226 638 36.48 122.49 14.9

346 XBT 82226 711 36.47 122.43 14.3

348 XBT 82226 813 36.45 122.32 13.6

349 XBT 82226 846 36.44 122.26 13.3

350 XBT 82226 916 36.43 122.20 13.1

351 XBT 82226 948 36.42 122.14 13.6

352 XBT 82226 1019 36.41 122.09 13.9

353 XBT 82226 1104 36.40 122.01 12.9

39

(in) iftdaa

40

U

o

DO
>H
En

(in) q^daQ

41

u

0)

M

00

•H

(in) mdaa

42

(ui) mciaa

43

vD

0)

u

00

•H

(ui) mdaa

44

>^

QJ
<H
3
M

•H

(in) q^daa

45

o

o

o

CO

o

CV2

m

00

0)
U

00

f

o
o

o
o

CV2

o
o

CO

o
o

o
o

(in) q^daQ

46

o
o

CD

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

1600

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

400

^ 800

3

1200

1600

i i m | i i p | i i i< | » i1 y y i i i | i > !■ | i i i i i ' j | i ' | | » » i | i i i | i ' i

175 178

H

Y

183

186

194

180

186

192

201

198

I

■*• J

Figure 17(a): Temperature profiles, staggered by multiples
of 5C, and salinity profiles, staggered by multiples of 4 ppt

47

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

20 40 60

400

g 800

ft
Q

1200

1600

216

80

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

400

fj 800

ft

a

1200

1600

u"^i ' ' n ' mi "Y"i m '|i"ii " ii "M

n ■ v i ' ''' r '

201 204 207 210 213

219 222 225 228 231

216

K

Figure 17(b)
48

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

400

60

80

r3 800

I

a

1200

1600

'i i i i i i i i

231 234 237 240 243 246 249

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

400

g 800

ft

1200

1600

i ' ' i i ■ ' r i ' ' r i

* > f I i i"

i i i i i i i i i ■ ■ ■ i ■ ■ ■ i ' ■ ■ i

231 234 237 240 243 248 249

■+► M

Figure 17(c)
49

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

400 -

fl 800 -

ft
Q

1200 -

1600

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

Figure 17(d)
50

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

400

£3 800 -

1200 -

1600

60

80

i i i i i i i i i

267

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

N *

Figure 17(e)
51

CM
CV

DO
O
CM

O
CM

o
o

CVj

CD

O)

CO
CD

CO

CO
CO

CD

A

CO

c

o

CO

•H

•H

4-1

X

•H

CO

CO

O

1— 1

Oh

cd

4-1

0)

c

X

o

4-1

N

•H

CD

U

4-)

o

CO

x

o

•H

cd

-o

X!

C

4->

•H

oo

CO

c

>

o

o

1— 1

u

CO

u

<

CO

^

S-i

•

CO

c

E

s

o

.*

X

u

CO

■H

H

CD

u

CO

CO

CO

•-

S-i

Q

CD

H

X •

U

E C

3 O

T3

C -H

C

4-)

CO

c u

O CD

CO

•H S-i

•-

■M -H

H

CO X)

CQ

4-1

X

CO T3

CD

E

CD 00

O

E C

(h

O CO

CH

CO X

u

CO

E

•

U

CO ^

CD

C CJ

X

O CO

4-1

•H U

o

4-1 4-)

CO

■H

M

CO CD

O CO

a. -h

• •

3

/— s

C Sh

CO

o u

^s— •

•H

oo

4-1 CD

i — i

CO X

4-1 4-1

cu

CO

i->

CD

3

2 u

00

O CD

•H

X X

Plh

CO £

(ui) Hidaa

52

1 1

00

Im

3
00

■H
Ed

A

(ui) Hidaa

53

o
n

O
CO]

03
CV

C\J

CV2

CD
00

DO

CO

CO

CO

cv

t

u

oo

0)
S-i
3
00

■H

En

o

n

V
Z

(ui) Hidaa

54

CO
CO

05

CO

CO
CO

oa

CO
CO

CO
CO

CO

CO

cv

CO

CO
C\i

CO

CO

ID
CO

CO

00

CD

3
oo
■H

EH

o*

(ui) Hidaa

55

186 192

100

200

Q

300

400

H < ► I

-► J «*-

K

100 -

p

400

200 -

300 -

H

-► J

K

Figure 19(a): Isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t from the CTD's,

56

200 -

300 -

400

K

-*► M ♦

N

210

200 -

o

300 -

400

K

225 231 237

243

249 255 261

♦ M ♦

267

N

Figure 19(b).
57

100

200

300

400

N

0

270

283

293

100

Q

400

200 -

300 -

N

0

Figure 19(c)
58

17

15

13

u 11

CO
0)

* i **

32.0 32.5

33.0 33.5 34.0

Salinity (ppt)

34.5

35.0

Figure 20: T-S pairs from the CTD casts for 0PT0MA2, Leg II

59

(m) Hidaa

-a
C
CO

H
U

c

CO

H
CQ

X

E
O
(-1
4-1

C

o

•H
4->

CO

•H
>

<L)
X)

'O
(h
CO

-a

a

CO

4-1

CO
0)

x:

4-1

-a

c

CO

X!
4-1
•H

3

N

o

CO

0)

r— I
•H
4-4
O
in

CN

0)
Sh
P
00
•H

En

(ui) HXdaa

60

N

n
1

_ -^j^rrr^^"^ — ^r="

S

"""'S^^^""

tad

/

s^ s

M

s

' '

^^

/ jS

s

/ /

s

/ / ,

1

If?

I / '

< N

' ; / ''

S

* / '

CD

■-' ^s '

i— i
CO

CO

, 1

, 1 , 1 , 1 ,

N

O

o

o
o
cv

o
o

n

o
o

o
o

(«i) Hidaa

61

o
m

CO

a
o

■H
4J

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■H
>
0)

T3
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4J

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CD

-G

-a
c

XI

4-)

I

ca

E
00
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W

a
ca

CD
E

T3

a
ca

c

•H

— <

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cd

c>

B

:/)

0)

lH

•H

1+-I

O

~

(X

r i

CO

CN

-

Q

QJ H

u

U

a

M

aj

•H

jc

L^

4-1

104 x N2 (sec-2)

100-

200-

Ph

Q

300-

400-

500

3.0

-) > with + and
,2

the standard

2
Figure 23: Profiles of N (z) (-

deviation { ), and the profile of N"" from T(z) and S(z) ( )

62

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research was sponsored by the ONR Physical Oceanography
Program. The success of the fieldwork was strongly dependent on
the competent, willing support of CAPT Woodrow Reynolds, Chief
Engineer Bobby Winton, and other crew members of the R/V ACANIA.
Members of the scientific cruise party were:

Leg I - Prof. Christopher N.K. Mooers, NPS, Chief Scientist
Dr. Jerome A. Smith, NPS, Party Chief
Dr. Robert Miller, Harvard
Mr. Everett (Skip) Carter, Harvard
Ms. Nadia Pinardi, Harvard
AG3 Beverly Carnes, FNOC
DS3 Steve Lewis, FNOC

Leg II - Prof. Allan R. Robinson, Harvard, Chief Scientist
Dr. Jerome A. Smith, NPS, Party Chief
Ms. Arlene Bird, NPS
Ms. Denise Hagan, JPL
ENS Diane Durban, USN, NPS
Mr. Everett (Skip) Carter, Harvard
Ms. Nadia Pinardi, Harvard
AG3 Bil 1 Sparkman, FNOC
Mr. M. Kirk Fleming, Humboldt State

The help of Mr. Stephan Lamont, from the W.R. Chruch Computer Center at the
Naval Postgraduate School, in producing some of this report and comments from
Dr. Adriana Huyer, Oregon State University, are also gratefully acknowledged.

REFERENCE

Lewis, E.L. and R.G. Perkin, 1981: The Practical Salinity Scale 1978:
conversion of existing data. Deep Sea Res. 28A, 307-328.

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