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Division of Mollusks
Sectional Library
ILLUSTRATED INDEX
OF
BRITISH SHELLS.
CONTAINING
FIGURES OF ALL THE RECENT SPECIES,
Mith Names and other Tnformation,
BY
G. B. SOWERBY, F-.1L.8.
LONDON:
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, AND CO., PATERNOSTER ROW ;
AND
THE AUTHOR, 9, PEMBROKE SQUARE, KENSINGTON.
1859.
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PREFACE.
Tue first idea of this Work arose from the occasional use of Mr. Damon’s
‘Catalogue of the Shells of Great Britain and Ireland,’ named after the
‘History of British Mollusca,’ ete. Here was, on one side, a very use-
ful list of names, without figures or references to guide an inquirer to
the species ; and on the other, a very large and splendid Work, placed
by its heavy price beyond the reach of Naturalists in general. There
was nothing between the two; nothing within reach that would assist
collectors of British Shells to name their acquisitions from ocean, beach,
river, pond, or hedgerow. A public want seemed here to be discovered.
It was thought that a list ike the above, with a coloured drawing of
every species, if produced at an available price, would supply that want.
At first no more than this was thought of, but afterwards, as the pre-
parations advanced, various suggestions were made tending to some
extension of the plan. ‘The results are here presented.
About 700 Figures in the Plates represent all the recognized species.
They amount to 600, being 60 more than are admitted in the latest
monograph. The greater part of these are either new or newly intro-
duced as British. The rest are raised from varieties to species.
As the nomenclature used by Messrs. Forbes and Hanley in their
great Work will be most generally adopted in this country, it is followed —
here with very few alterations ; and the synonyms given (in italics) are
selected from those which are most familiar and likely to be met with.
Some information is added respecting habits and localities, range of
depth of marine species, and comparative abundance. ‘The letters C.,
Ce., Mc., R., Rr., and Mr., signifying ‘common,’ ‘ extremely common,’
1V PREFACE.
‘moderately common,’ ‘rare,’ etc., must be taken with great caution,
especially the latter, as subject to continual change.
A list is given of British Fossil Shells identical with now living
species.
A familiar description of British Mollusca and some peculiarities in
their families and genera will, it is hoped, form a useful and suitable
introduction to the names and figures. The Author’s best thanks are
due to his friends, Madame De Burgh, who has collected many beau-
tiful shells; R. M‘Andrew, Esq., F.L.S., whose dredging experiences
are so extensive; J. G. Jeffreys, Esq., F.R.S., etc., whose researches
have resulted in so many additions to our Fauna; Mr. Brice Wright,
the Naturalist, of Great Russeil Street, and others, who have in the most
liberal manner supplied him with specimens from which his drawings
are taken. The loan of delicate and minute shells to authors and artists
has so often proved disastrous, that nothing but a generous friendship,
and a zealous love of Natural History, could have induced proprietors
so freely to incur the risk. |
INTRODUCTION
TO
SHELL-BEARING BRITISH MOLLUSCA.
A common garden Snail, observed crawling and feeding, is easily seen
to possess a distinct head, upon which are four feelers or horns, with
eyes at the end, and underneath which is a mouth; a broad disc, ex-
tending the whole length of th body, is the organ of locomotion; a
spiral or coiled shell surmounts the whole.
If, on the other hand, an Oyster be opened, no distinct head, or place
for eyes or mouth, can be seen, but only a seeming mass of pulp, with
a round gristle in the centre (the muscle of attachment), the former
enclosed in a soft skin with a double fringe round the edge (mantle),
placed within a shell composed of two pieces.
All Mollusca are more or less completely represented by these two.
The Snail and its class are named Gasteropoda (abdomen-creeping), and
ther shells Univalves; the Oyster and its class, Acephala (headless),
and their shells Bivalves. We begin with the latter class at—
Prate IL.
Pholadide, or “ Borers,” 1-13, have the power of piercing and in-
habiting holes in submarine wood, rocks, and stones. The hinder part
of the body is lengthened out in the form of a double tube, with open-
ings for the ingress and egress of fluids. TZeredo, 1-6, has short valves,
two pallets fixed at the sides of the siphons, and lines its hole with a
shelly tube. Pholas and Pholadidea, 8-18, have long valves and some-
vi INTRODUCTION ‘TO
times accessory plates. ‘The shell of Xyophaga, 7, is like that of Teredo,
but the animal has neither pallets nor tube.
Gastrochana, 14, has a gaping shell, and encloses itself in a bottle-
shaped covering of cemented stones and sand. Saazcava, 15, 16, Ve-
nerupis, 18, and Petricola, 17, burrow in sand, or live in holes of rocks.
Myade, or “ Gapers,’ Mya, 19, 20, and Panopea, 21, 21*, burrow
downwards in sand and mud, their siphons protected by a coriaceous
covering. ‘Their shells are not closed all round, and those of Mya have
a spoon-shaped process in the hinge of one valve.
Corbulide, 22-28, have short siphons with fringed edges, and the
foot protrudes through a hole in the otherwise closed mantle.
Praty I.
Poromya, 1, 1*, and the beautiful pearly Pandora, 2, 3, might be
included in the family of Cordulide. Lyonsia, 4, and Thracia, 5-10,
represent the Anatinide. 11-18 are Solenide, or ‘ Razor-shells.”
Solens burrow in deep holes in the sand, where they remain in a per-
pendicular position at a great depth below the surface, where yet their
presence may be traced by the opening left. Their large muscular
foot enables them to take great leaps when out of the holes.
Pirate III.
Psammobia, 1-4, and Teldina, 5-16, include some of our most beau-
tiful shells. The animals have a large, fleshy, curved foot, and the
mantle open and fringed. ‘Their shells are provided with an external
ligament, and teeth on the hinge. Dounaz, or “ Wedge,” 19, 20, has
long, separated, fringed siphons. Besides the small external ligament,
properly so called, the Mactride have a triangular pit in the hinge of
their shell, containing an elastic substance or spring, designed to resist
the action of the adductor muscles. Mactra, 21-26, ends the Plate.
Puate IV.
Intraria, 1-3, is another genus of Mactride. The Veneride, 4-16
and 23, or “Venus” tribe, differ from it in not having the spring-
holding pit. Artemis, 10, 11, is known by a large angular bend in
the pallial impression ; and Cytherea, 23, is distinguished from Venus
SHELL-BRARING BRITISH MOLLUSCA. vil
by one tooth on the hinge standing out a little way from the central
ones. Astarte, 17-22, belongs to the Cyprimidea.
Priate V.
Fig. 1-8 also represent genera of Cyprinide. 'They have no bend in
the palleal impression. Cardium, or “Cockle,” 4-18, presents a pecu-
liarity in the foot, which is large and bent, and enables the animal to
leap in a very lively manner. ‘The family of Luwcinide occupy the re-
maining figures. Lucina has a curious tongue-shaped doubling of
the pallial impression.
Prate VI.
The Kelliade, 1-15, are marine, while the Cycladide, completing
the Plate, are fresh-water bivalves, and may be found in many ponds and
rivers.
Prats VII.
Of the Unionidae, or “ Fresh-water Mussels,’ Unio, 1-8, has teeth on
the hinge, and Anodon, 4, has not: it is a thin shell. The foot of these
molluscs is very large, and is used in cutting the animal’s way through
the mud in which it burrows. Of the marine, or true Mussels, Modioda,
6-9, and Crenella, 12-17, have a portion of the shell reaching beyond
the point or apex, which in Mytilus is terminal, 18-21. Dreissina, 5,
is shaped like Mytidus, but lives in fresh-water docks. The Mytiida
attach themselves by means of horny threads spun from the foot, and
called a “ byssus.” |
Prate VIII.
Shells of Arcada, 1-14, have the hinge characterized by a series of
teeth on each side of the apex. Nueula, Area, and Pectunculus are
easily distinguished. Zimopsis, 14, has a spring pit between the two
rows. Our figure of Pinna, 16, is from a young specimen: it grows to
great size, and spins a very silky byssus. The shell of Anomia, 18, is
fixed to rocks, etc., by means of a bony button passing through a hole
or sinus in the lower valve. Lima, 22-24, has a light, thin shell, and
its mantle is adorned with beautiful fringes. It swims rapidly through
the water by the opening and shutting of its valves, and also has the
vill INTRODUCTION TO
habit, in seasons of rest, of protecting itself by a network or vest of
marine fragments strung together by its byssal threads.
Prats IX.
Contains the shells of our Pectens, or Scallops, 1-16. The animals
swim like Lima, as above, and also spin a byssus.
The class Brachiopoda, 17-24, so named because what seem to be
organs of locomotion consist of a pair of coiled, ciliated arms, ends the
list of Headless Molluscs and their bivalve shells.
Prats X.
Class Pteropoda, 1-4, contains minute Mollusca, with glassy shells
variously formed, and wing-like expansions for swimming.
Chiton, 5-17, or “Coat of Mail,” which may often be seen incrust-
ing rocks, commences the Gasteropoda ; although seemingly fixed,
they are capable of locomotion, using the whole of the oval disc,
which may be seen on turning them over, for the purpose. The same
may be said of the “Limpet” tribe, Patella, 1-22.
Puate XI.
This Plate commences with other forms of the Limpet tribe, Fessw-
rella, 1, 2, with a hole at the top; Pwacturella, 3, with a fissure near
the top; and Hmarginula, 4-6, with a slit at the margin. Hahotis, 7,
or pearly “ Har-shell,” leads to the Zrochida, or “Tops,” 8-27.
Puate XII.
Tanthina, 1-4, is genus of oceanic molluscs, which are provided
with a beautiful floating apparatus, on which the female carries her
egg-bags.
Neritina, 5, and the Padudinide, 8-11, live in fresh-water. The
animal of Padudina is sprinkled all over with bright, golden specks.
The Littorine, or “ Winkles,” 12-24, are marine, and frequent the
shore among seaweeds. Lacuna, 25-52, belongs to the same family.
Pirates XIII., XIV.,
Are small genera, various in their characters and habits, but reason-
ably included in the last family, Littorinide.
SHELL-BEARING BRITISH MOLLUSCA, 1X
Prats XV.
The animals of Zurritella, 1-8, and Caecum, 6,7, are not unlike,
although the shells are so different ; eyes at the base of the tentacles,
a short foot, and horny operculum. The somewhat similar animal of
Aporrhais, 4, 5, is brilliantly coloured with gold and red, Cerithiwm,
8-10, differs from Cerithiopsis, 11-15, more in regard to the animal
than the shell; the latter animal has a retractile proboscis, and its
operculum is not spiral,
Prate XVI,
Chemnitzia, 1-11, and Truncatella, 12, together with Stylifer,
Fulima, and Odostomia, form the family of Pyramidellide. Notwith-
standing the difference in the shells, the animals are very similar,
having a retractile proboscis, and eyes immersed at the base of their
tentacles.
The animal of WNatica, 13-19, has a lobe on the upper part of
the foot, reflected over the shell in front, and another lobe behind.
The shells of Laminaria, 23, 24, are completely enveloped in similar
lobes,
Pratt XVII.
The shells of Odostomia are known by a fold in the inner lip of the
aperture,
Puate XVIII.
Two Zritons, 1, 2, are admitted for the first time as British, on what
we consider fair evidence, although only two or three specimens have
been taken off Guernsey. One of Z. nodiferus was incrusted by a
truly British Lepralia, Murex, 3, 1s now familiar as an aquarian, as
well as Purpura, 5. A milky secretion found in the head turns purple
when expesed, and gives the celebrated purple dye. Buccinum, 7-18,
includes the common “ Whelk,” 8. Fusus Berniciensis, 14, is among
the rarest and most beautiful of our British shells.
Piate XIX,
Nassa reticulata, 3, is a favourite inhabitant of the tank; it burrows
in search of food among the pebbles, elevating its siphon above the
6
x BRITISH SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA.
surface. Mangelia, 4-26, has a similar long siphon. The shell of
Erato, 27, is wrapped in the lobes of the animal’s mantle, as is also
that of Cyprea, 28, the latter presenting a beautiful object.
Prats XX.
After Zornatella, 1, and Ovula, 2, 3, come Bullide, 4-27, including
several genera differig remarkably in the shape and disposition of the
lobes of their mantles, which in some instances, as in Philine, 20-25,
cover the shell. The stomach of Scapander, 26, 27, is a remarkable
kind of mill, composed of two bones, between which the food is
ground. ‘The shells of Aplysia, 28, and Plewrotranchus, 29, 30, are
quite internal. Spiruda, 31, belonging to the Cephalopodous or Cutile-
fish tribe, is only introduced doubtfully, as there is no proof of the
species living in our seas.
Puates XXI., XXIT., XXIII, XXIV.
These are occupied by shells of Gasteropoda pulmonifera, so named
because they breathe air by a pulmonary cavity, instead of water by gills.
The Limueada, or fresh-water Snails, contained in Plate I., live in water,
but breathe by exposing the pulmonary cavity to air at the surface.
Succinea, Plate XXII., 1-3, lives by the sides of streams, sometimes
immersed. Conovulus, 4-7, affects brackish marshes. Our common
Slugs yield, on dissection, thin shells, which are concealed beneath the
mantle, Limar, 9-12. The shells of Zestacellus, 13, 14, are fixed
near the end of the foot, outside. The glassy shells of /itrina, 15, 16,
do not enclose the whole Slug-like animal. The other genera of Land
Snails have shells large enough to receive the animal when retracted
and withdrawn for repose.
x1
BRITISH FOSSIL SHELLS.
Tu following living species are also found in a fossil state in drift and
strata of the British Isles. They are all enumerated in Mr. Searles
Wood’s monograph of the Crag Mollusca.
The numbers refer to the species as figured in our Plates, Mr.
Wood’s nomenclature being inserted in italics when differmg from
ours.
Pu. I. Teredo 2. Pholas 11. Pholadidea 12. Gastrocheena 14,
as dubia. Saxicava 15,16. Venerupis 18. Mya 19,20. Panopea
21, 21*, as Hawasi. Corbula 22,23? Spheenia 25. Nera 27.
Pu. II. Poromya 1. Pandora 2, as exeguivalvis, 3, as pinna.
Thracia 7, 8. Solen, 13, 15. Solecurtus 18, as Mactra strigilata.
Syndosmya, as Adra, 19, 22.
Pu. III. Psammobia 1, 3, 4. Tellina 5, 6, 7, 9, as ovata, 15, as
Balthica, 16. Scrobicularia 18, as Trigonella plana. Donax 19, as
vittatus. Mactra 20, 21, 22, as ovalis, 23, 25, 26.
Pu. IV. Lutraria 2. Tapes 7, 8. Artemis 11. Venus 12, 14,
15,17. Astarte 18, 19, 20, 22, as doreaks.
Pu. V. Cyprina 1. Circe 2. Isocardia 3. Cardium 6, 8, 9, 12, 18.
Lucina 14, as Loripes, 15, as Cry yanteE Jlexzuosum, 16. Diplodonta 19.
Clausina 20, as Cryptodon /.
Pu. VI. Montacuta 1, 2,3. Kellia 5, 6. Poronia 7, as Kelha r.
Cyclas 16, 18. Pisidium 23, 24, 25, 26.
Pi. VII. Unio 2, 3. Anodon 4. Modiola 6, 9,10. Crenella 13,
14, 15,16. Mytilus 18, 19, 20.
Pu. VIII. Nucula 1,5. Leda6,7. Arca 9,10, 11, as pectuncu-
loides. Pectunculus 13. Aviculal5. Pinna 16. Ostrea 17. Ano-
mia 18,°195,20, 21. , Lima 22), 23, 24.
Prwbxy Pecten 1,2. 5; 3,9), 10s TE, 12; 13) 14.
xl BRITISH FOSSIL SHELLS.
Pi. X. Chiton 7, as fascicwlaris. Patella 18. Acme 23. Propi-
lidium, as Yectura, 24. Dentalium 26, 27. Capulus 28. Calyp-
trea 29.
Pr. XI. Fissurella 1, as greca. Puncturella 3. Emarginula 5, 6.
Trochus 8, 10, 11, 12, as papillosus, 15, 16, 17, 19. Margarita 21.
Adeorbis 25. Scissurella 26.
Pu. XII. Paludina 9. Valvata 10. Littorina 14. Lacuna 27.
Pu. XIII. Rissoa 3*, as Paludestrina subumbilicata, 7, 11?, 13 ?,
Nas ay fe
Pr. XIV. Rissoa 2, 9, as Chemnitzia. Aclis 24, as Alvania ascaris,
25, as Chemnitzia n.
Pu. XV. Turritella 2. Aporrhais 4. Caecum 6, 7. Cerithium 9, 10.
Cerithiopsis, as Cerithium, 11. Scalaria 17, 19, 20. ulima 22, 25.
Pu. XVI. Chemnitzia 1, 2, as simzlis, 4, 8. Natica 13, 17, as Catena,
19, as Grenlandica. Velutina 21. Trichotropis 26.
Pi. XVII. Odostomia 1, 8, as plicata, 9, as plicata, 10?, 12.
Pu. XVIII. Purpura 5. Buccinum 10? Fusus 15, as Zrophon,
16, as Zr., 17, as Tr. gracile, 18, as Tr. 7.,19, as Tr. p. Trophon 22, 24.
Pu. XIX. Nassa 1, 2. Mangelia, as Clavatula, 4, 5, 8, as Philberti,
9,11, as Boothw, 12,14, 15, 17?, 21, 22. Erato 27. Cypreea 28.
Pi. XX. Tornatella 1, as Acton tornatilis. Ovula 3, as Bulla.
Cylichna, as Bulla, 4, 5, as regulbiensis, 7, 9, 12. Bulla 19. Philine
as Bullea, 21, 22. Scaphander, as Bud/a, 26.
Pu. XXI. Limnea 1, 4,7, 11. Planorbis 18, 24, as complanatus,
and in the upper fresh-water formation, all except 9, 11.
Pu. XXII. Succinea 1, 3. Conovulus 5, and in the more recent
fresh-water deposits, all except 7 and 13 to 16.
Pu. XXII. Helix 19, 22, and upper fresh-water, all except 1, 12,
14, 15, 24, 25, 26.
Px, XXIV. Upper fresh-water deposits, all except 16, 24.
xl
INDEX TO THE GENERA.
ee
Referring to Plates and Figures.
Achatina, xx1v. 24.
Aclis, xIv. 23, 25.
Acmeea, x. 22, 23.
Acme, xxiv. 26.
Adeorbis, x1. 25.
Akera, xx. 16.
Amphispira, xx. 14, 15.
Ancylus, xx1. 14-17,
Anodonta, VII. 4.
Anomia, vi1I. 18-21.
Aplysia, xx. 28.
Aporrhais, xv. 4, 5.
Arca, virI. 8—12.
Argiope, Ix. 20, 238.
Artemis, Iv. 10, 11.
Assiminea, XIII. 1, 2.
Astarte, Iv. 17, 22.
Avicula, vitr. 15.
Azeca, XXIV. 23.
Balea, xxiv. 17.
Barleeia, xIv. 12.
Bithinea, x11. 6, 7.
Buccinum, xviir. 8-13.
Bulla, xx. 17-19.
Bulimus, xxiv. 1—4.
Calyptraea, x. 29.
Capulus, Pileopsis.
Cardium, v. 4-13.
Carychium, xxi. 8.
Ceecum, xv. 6-7.
Cemoria, Puncturella.
Ceratisolen, 11. 11.
Cerithiopsis, xv. 11-15.
Cerithium, xv. 8-10.
Chemnitzia, xv1. 1-11.
Chiton, x. 5-17.
Circe, v. 2.
Clavatula, Mangelia.
Clausilia, xxiv. 18-21.
Clausina, v. 20-22.
Cochlodesma, 11. 10.
Conovulus, Xx1I. 4—7.
Corbula, 1. 22-24.
Crania, Ix. 24.
Crenella, vir. 12-17.
Cyclostoma, XXxIv. 25.
Cyclas, v1. 16-20.
Cylichna, xx. 4-13.
Cypreea, XIx. 28.
Cyprina, v. 1.
Cytherea, Iv. 23.
Dentalium, x. 26, 27.
Diodonta, 11. 16, 16*.
Diplodonta, v. 19.
Donax, 111. 19, 20.
Dreissina, VII. 5.
Emarginula, x1. 4-6.
Euomphalus, xtv. 17, 18.
Ervillia, 111. 17.
Eulima, xv. 22-26.
Eulimella, x1v. 26-30.
Fissurella, x1. 1, 2.
Fusus, xvitr. 14-19.
X1V INDEX TO THE GENERA.
Galeomma, vi. 14, 15. Odostomia, xvit. 1-81.
Gastrochzena, I. 14. Ostrea, viII. 17.
Otina, xvi. 25.
Haliotis, x1. 7. Ovula, xx. 2, 3.
Helix (Zonites), Xx11. 17-29.
Helix, xx11z. 1-29. Paludina, x11. 8, 9.
Hinnites, Pecten, 1x. 1. Pandora, 11. 2, 3.
Hippothyris, 1x. 17. Panopeea, I. 21, 21*.
Hyalea, x. 1. Patella, x. 18-21.
Pecten, 1x. 1-16.
Tanthina, x11, 1—4. Pectunculus, virz. 13.
Tsocardia, Vv. 3. Petricola, 1. 17.
Phasianella, x1. 27.
Jeffreysia, x1v. 13-16, Philine, xx. 20-25.
Pholas, 1. 8=11, 13;
Kellia, vr. 5-8, Pholadidea, 1. 12.
Physa, xxi. 12, 13.
Lachesis, XVIII. 6. Pileopsis, x. 28.
Lacuna, X11. 25-82. Pilidium, x. 24.
Lamellaria, xvt. 23, 24, Pinna, vir. 16.
Leda, vitr. 6, 7. Pisidium, vi. 21-28,
Lepton, vi. 9-13. Planorbis, xx1. 18-28.
Lima, VIII. 22-24, Pleurobranchus, xx. 29,
Limax, xxiI. 9-12. Pleurotoma, Mangelia.
Limnea, xx. 1-11. Poromya, 11. 1, 1*, 1x.
Limopsis, vitt. 14. Propilidium, x. 25.
Littorina, x11. 12—24., Psammobia, 111. 1-4.
Lucina, v. 14-18. Puncturella, x1. 3.
Lucinopsis, Iv. 9. Pupa, xxiv. 5-16.
Lutraria, Iv. 1-3. Purpura, xviii. 5.
Lyonsia, 11. 4.
Recluzia, xvi. 20.
Mactra, 111. 21-26. Rissoa, xt11. 83-28; xiv. 1-11.
Mangelia, x1x. 4-26. Saxicava, 1.15, 16.
Margarita, x1. 21-24, Scalaria, xv. 16-20.
Marginella, Bvato. Scaphander, xx. 26, 27.
Megathyris, Argiope. Scrobicularia, 111. 18.
Modiola, vit. 6-11. Scissurella, xi. 26.
Montacuta, v1. 1-3. Segmentina, Planorbis, xx1. 27, 28.
Murex, xvii. 3, 4. Skenea, xiv. 19-22.
Mya, 1. 19-20. Solen, 11. 12-15.
Mytilus, vir. 18-21. Solecurtus, 11. 17, 18.
Spirialis, x. 2-4.
Nassa, x1x. 1-3. Spirula, xx. 31.
Natica, xvi. 13-19. Stylifer, xv. 21.
Newera, 1. 26-28. Succinea, xxu1. ]—3.
Neritina, X11. 5. Syndosmiya, 11. 19-22.
Nucula, vitr. 1-5. Spheenia, 1. 25.
INDEX TG THR GENERA, KV
Tapes, rv, 4-8. Unio, vit, 1~3,
Tellina, 111, 5-16.
Terebratula, 1x, 18-20, Valvata, x11. 10, 11,
Teredo, I. 1-6. Velutina, xvi. 21, 22,
Testacellus, xxir, 18, 14, Venerupis, 1, 18,
Thracia, 11. 5—9, Venus, Iv. 12-16,
Tornatella, xx. 1, Vertigo, Pupa.
Trichotropis, Xv1, 26, Vitrina, xxir, 15-16,
Triton, xviii. 1, 2,
Trochus, xr. 8-20. Xylophaga, 1, 7,
Trophon, xy11l, 20-24,
Truncatella, xvz. 12, Zonites, xx1r. 17-29,
Turritella, xv. 1-3, Zua, XXIV, 22,
Turtonia, vi. 4,
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G. B. Sowerby.
PLATE. I.
TrerEpo. Pierces and inhabits wood.
Fig.
1. T. navatis, Linn.—T. Batave.—Herne Bay, RB. Pallets shelly,
crescented ; valves with auricles extended sidewise ; tube long.
2. T. norvuetca, Spengl.—T. Bruguiert.—Port Patrick, Teignmouth,
etc., Mc. Pallets shelly, not crescented ; auricles not extended.
3. T. mucotara, Hanl.—T. nana (young).— Herne Bay, Devon,
Swansea, etc., R. Pallets shelly, spade-shaped ; auricles raised
and expanded.
4, T. prpennata, 7urt.—lIreland, Scarborough, etc., R. Pallets horny,
long ; auricles lobed.
5. T. mattxowus, Zurt.—Torquay, Rr. Pallets shelly, mallet-shaped ;
valves narrow.
6. T. patmutata, Lamk.—T. bipalmulata.—¥Yloating wood, Ire., S.
Eng. Pallets horny, short; valves small, shaped like 7. navalis.
XytopuaGca. In fixed and floating timber.
7. X. porsauis, Zurt.—Ayrs., Dubl., Exm., Scarb., ete., C. Two
dorsal plates, no tube, no pallets.
Puouas. Pierces and inhabits stone.
8. P. Dacrytus, Linn.—P. hans, P. callosa.—Ung., Scot., Ire., C.
Dorsal plates four ; hinge pitted.
9. P. canpipa, Zimnm.—Eng., Scot., Ire.,C. One dorsal plate; valves
not beaked.
10. P. parva, Penn.—P. callosa, P. tuberculata-—Salcombe, Belfast,
Cornwall, etc., M.C. One dorsal plate; valves beaked.
1]. P. crtspata, Linn.—P. bifrons.—Hastings, Liverp., Scarb., Dubl.,
Forth, etc., C. No dorsal plate; valves broad, beaked, with
oblique division.
13. P. srrtata. Rare and doubtful as British. Valves closed.
PHOLADIDEA. Pierces and inhabits stone.
12. P. papyracea, P. Loscombiana, P. Goodalli.S. Devon, N. Ire., R.
Valves closed, with a cup. P. damellata, Turt., when young,
not closed ; no cup.
_Gasrrocua@na. Bores and inhabits stone, thick shells, etc.
14. G. moprotina, Lamk.—G. Pholadia, G. hians, Mya dubia, Mytilus
ambiguus, Pholas faba.—Torbay, Birterbuy, Galway, Weymouth,
etc. Valves thin, gaping, enclosed in bottle-shaped tube.
b
Saxtcava. Bores and inhabits stone.
Fig.
15. S. rucosa, Linn.—Mytilus r., Miatella r., 8. gallicana, 8. pholadis,
Byssomya pholadis, Mya byssifera.—Eng., Scot., Ire., C. Valves
oval.
16. S. arctica, Linn.—(Mya) HMiatella a., Anatina a., Matella minuta,
Solen minutus, S. rhomboides, Agina purpurea, Solen p.—LEng.,
Scot., Ire., C. Valves rhomboidal ; angle serrated.
Omitted.—S. fragilis, Nyst. Not the young of S. rugosa. Vigo Bay.
Perricota. Inhabits stone.
17. P. uirnopnaca, Retz.—P. striata, eostellata, rocellaria, ruperella,
Lamk., Mya and Sphenia decussata.—Cork, Bristol, R. as British.
Venerupts. Sores and inhabits stone.
18. V. Irus, Zinn. (Donax).—Tellina cornubiensis, Cuneus foliaceus,
Petric., aud Pullastra, 1.—In limestone at Plymouth and other
southern coasts. Wedge-shaped.
Mya. Burrows in mud and sand.
19. M. truncata, Linn.—W. ovalis and Sphenia Swainsoni (young).
—Various localities and depths, C. ‘Truncated at end.
20. M. arenarta, Linn.—Herne Bay, Portsmouth, etc.,C. Tapering
at end.
Panop&#a. Burrows in mud.
21. P. norvecica, Spengl.—P. glycimeris, P. arctica.—Scarborough,
Zetland (90 fath.), Rr. Quadrate.
21*. P. Atprovanp1, Lamk.—Cornwall, one specimen, Jeffreys. Oblique.
Corsuta. Dredged in mud and sand.
22. C. nuctgus, Lamk.—C. striata, Mya, and C. inequivalvis.—Dublin,
Torquay, Forth, 4 to 80 fath., C. Valves unequal, beaked.
23. C. rosna, Brown.—Weymouth, Rr. as Brit. Valves not beaked.
24. C. ovata, Forbes.—Isle of Man, Rr. Oval, truncated at end.
Spuania. Burrows in foliaceous shells.
25.8. Bryenami, Turt.—Corbula B.—Torquay, Guernsey, Swansea,
Forth, etc., R.
Nera. Lives incrusted im sand.
26. N. cosretiata, Desh.—Corbula ce. N. sulcata.—Loch Fyne, Rr.
Radiately 3-ribbed.
27. N. cusprpata, Olivi.—Forth, Northumberland, Cape Clear, etc.,
Mr. Pear-shaped.
28. N. appreviata, Forbes.—Loch Fyne, Mc. Radiately 1-ribbed.
DSI
BRITISH
SHELLS. PL.I1.
G.B. Sowerby .
———
PLATE Il.
Poromya. On mud, in deep water.
Fig.
1. P. cranutava, Nyst.—P. anatinoides, Forbes.—Skye, R.
1*, P. suprricona, Jeffreys.—Shetland, Mr. Minute, posteriorly ex-
panded. See Pl. IX.
PANDORA. P
2
. P. rostrata, Lamk.—Tellina inequvalvis, Linn. ; P. margaritacea
and wequivalvis.—S. Devon ?, Guernsey, R. as Brit. Valves long.
3. P. oprusa, Leach.—Solen Pinna, Mont.—S. Devon, Dorset, Mc.
Ire., R. Valves short and broad.
Lyonsta. With byssal attachment.
4. L. Norvectca, Chemn.—Mya and Anatina n., Mya and Anatina
striata, M. nitida, Lyonsia elongata, Myatella, and Osteodesma.—
Tenby, Bantry, Oban, ete., 5 to 80 fath. With movable ossicle
on hinge.
Turacta. lLaminarian and Coralline.
or
.T. pistorta, Mont.— (Mya) Anatina and Amphidesma d., Th.
truncata. — Distribution general, but not common. Short,
truncated, irregular.
6. T. convexa, Wood.—(Mya) Anatina and Amphidesma c., T. de-
clivis.—S. Devon, Bantry Bay, Arran, etc., Mc. Inflated.
7. T. puasrotina, Lamk.— Amphidesma p., T. declivis. — Various
localities and depths, C. Oval, obliquely truncated.
8. T. pusEscENs, Pult.—(Mya) Anatina and Amphidesma p., T. de-
clivis.—S. Devon, Cornwall, Belfast, etc., C. Oblong, straightly
truncated.
9. T. vittiosutca, Macgillivray. — T. ovata, Brown, — Exmouth,
Swansea, Bantry Bay, etc. Various depths, Mc.
CocHLopEsMA. lLaminarian and Coralline.
10. C. prarenug, Pult.—(Mya) Anatina, Ligula, and Amphidesma pr.
—Dorset, Devon, Man, Bantry B., Oban, etc., (25 to 60
fath.), R. - Spoon-shaped process on hinge.
CERATISOLEN. Burrows in sand.
Ll. C. peeumen, Linn.—(Solen) Psammobia and Solenicurtus 1.—Hx-
mouth, Swansea, Bantry, etc., C. Hinge nearly central.
Soten. Burrows perpendicularly in sand.
12. S. pecLucipus, Penn.—Various British localities, 6 to 100 fath.
Curved ; hinge not terminal.
13. S. unsts, Zinn.—Eng., Scot., Ire., generally 5 to 15 fath., C.
Arched and slender.
14, 8. mareinatus, Pult.—sS. vagina, Penn., not Linn.—Exmouth,
Clyde, Cork, ete., littoral to 10 fath., Mc. Straight, with ter-
minal constriction.
15. S. strrqua, Linn.—S8. novacula, 8. ligula—KEng., Scot., Ire., many
places ; littoral and laminarian, C. Straight, end not constricted.
DiopontTa.
16. D. rraciuis, Linn.—(Tellina) Psammobia f., Tellina jugosa and
ochroleuca.—Dublin, Tenby, Weymouth, R. Oval or wedge-
shaped.
16*. D. Bartest, Jeffr.—Arran, Rr. Minute, subquadrate.
SOLECURTUS.
17. S. coarcratus, Gmel.—sS. cultellus, 8. emarginatus, 8. antiquatus,
etc.—Torbay, Anglesea, Man, Skye, etc., R. Oblong, smooth.
18. 8. canpipus, Renzeri.—(Solen) §. strigilatus, Turt., not Linn.,
Psammobia scopula.—S. Devon, Dublin, etc., R. Striated.
SYNDOSMYA.
19. S. prismatica, Mont.—(Ligula) Mya and Amphidesma p.—Wey-
mouth, Forth, Dublin, Antrim, etc., littoral, Mc. More pointed
and narrow than S. zntermedia.
20. S. tenuis, Mont.—(Mactra) Amphidesma t.—Dorset, Scarborough,
Antrim, etc., 5 to 100 fath., Mc. Short, subtrigonal.
21.8. inrermepia, Thompson. Mya and Syndosmya nitida, Abra pro-
Jundissima.—In mud, 6 to 100 fath., Zetland, Skye, Cape Clear,
etc., R. Broader and more pointed than 8. prismatica.
22.8. atpa, Wood.—(Mactra) M. and Amphidesma Boysii and A.
album.—Bnit. co. generally, C. Short, rounded, oval.
PLATE III.
woe
Psammosia. Inhabits sand and mud.
Fig.
1. P. rerRoENsIs, Chemn.—(Tellina) T. incarnata, T. radiata, T.
trifasciata, T. truncata. — Brit. co. generally ; coralline, C.
Oblong, keeled and angulated behind.
2. P. costuLata, Zurt.—P. discors.—Torbay, Cornwall, Skye, etc., R.
Ribbed behind.
3. P. Terriyetta, Lamk.—P. florida.—lixmouth, Guernsey, Tenby,
Bantry B., Oban, Zetland, ete., 5 to 50 fath., C. Oval, smooth.
4. P. Vusprrtina, Chemn.—(Luax V.) Solen, Sanguinolaria V., Tellina
depressa, variabitis—Weymouth, Scarborough, Tenby, Bantry,
etc., Guernsey, C. Not angular nor keeled behind.
TELLINA.
5. T. crassa, Penn.—T. maculata, T. rigida.—S. Devon, Guernsey,
Man, Tenby, Bantry, Forth, etc., low-water to 15 fath., C.
Thick, orbicular.
6. T. Bataustina, Zinn.—Birterbuy, Skye, Exmouth, Rr. as British.
7. T. ponacina, Linn.—T. trifasciata, T. variegata, T. Llantivys.—
Various British loc., and 8. Europe, 5 to 50 fath., C. Wedge-
shaped.
8, 9. T. proxima, Brown.—Var. T. calcarea (9), T. ovalis, T. sordida,
Sanguinolaria sordida, Macroma tenera.—Skye, etc., R
10, 11. T. pyemaa, PAid.—Devon, Cork, Shetland, etc., 8 to 50 fath.,
C. Smaller, more convex, and more truncate than 7’ donacina.
12, 18. T. tenuis, Da Costa.—T. planata, T. polita, T. exigua.n—On
sandy shores, in various localities, C. Flat, thin.
14. T. incarnata, Linn.—T. squalida, T. depressa.—Devon, Bantry,
Tenby, R. Flat, beaked.
15. T. soniputa, Pult.—Z. rubra, Da Costa, 7. carnaria, 7. zonata,
Psammobia solidula, T. Balthica.—All British coasts ; littoral,
C. Thick, inflated.
16. T. raBuLa, Gronovius.—T. discors.—On sandy shores generally, C.
Valve with oblique striz (omitted by error).
ERVILLIA.
17. E. castanga, Mont.— (Donaz) Mesodesma c., Capsa c.—Cornwall
and Scilly Isles, R. Ligament within.
ScROBICULARIA.
18. S. prrerrra, Gmet.—Generic syn. : Mya, Venus, Trigonella, Mactra,
Lutraria, Listera.—Specific syn.: hispanica, borealis, plana,
gaditana, Listeri; compressa.—Scarborough, Southend, Swansea,
Cork, Clyde, C. Broad, compressed.
Donax.
. D. anatinus, Lamk.—D. trunculus, Linn.?, Cuneus vittatus, D.
ruber (young).—Brit. co. generally, sandy shores, C. Broad ;
margin crenulated.
. D. porrrus, Poct.—(Tellina) D. and Capsa complanata.—S. Devon,
Bantry Bay, etc., Mr. Smooth; inner edge not crenated.
Macrra. Lives on sandy beaches.
. M. stutrorum, Linn.—(Cardium) Tellina radiata, Trigonella r., M.
cinerea, M. magna.—British co. generally, C.
. M. evurptica, Brown.—British co. generally, C. Oval.
. M. suprruncata, Costa.—WM. lactea, M. triangula, M. crassatella.
—Brit. co. generally, C. Obliquely cuneiform.
. M. wetvacea, Chemn.—M. glauca, M. neapolitana.—Odd valves
found dead in Cornwall, R. Large, obliquely oval.
. M. soxipa, Linn.—Trigonella zonaria and gallina.—Brit. co. ge-
nerally, C. Tngonal, thick.
.M. truncata, Mont.—Forth, Cork, Cornwall, etc., C. Trigonal,
deep, thick.
BRITISH SHELLS, PL-W.
a) yo eee ?
G.£D. )ewerey.
PLATE IV.
eee
Lurraria. Inhabits mud.
Fig.
1, L. rnrermepta?, Sowb.—Perhaps only the young of L. edliptica.
2. L. enurrica, Lamk.—Mactra lutraria, Linn.—Scarborough, Tor-
bay, Dublin, Forth, Lerwick, etc., C. Broad, oval.
3. L. optonea, Chemn.—(Mya) L. solenoides, L. hians, Mactra hians,
Chama magna.—Cornwall, Devon, etc., Mc. Arched, narrow.
Tapes. Burrows in mud and stone.
4, 5. T. puttastra.— Wood.—Venus pullastra, V. perforans (var. (7.
4), Venerupis, nucleus, Pullastra vulgaris, etc.—Plymouth, Scar-
borough, Swansea, Forth, etc., C.
6. T. pecussata, Linn.—(Venus) V. litterata, V. florida, Venerupis
and pullastra d.—S. Devon, Weymouth, Tenby, etc., Mc. Ob-
long, coarsely decussated.
7. T. aurga, Gmel.—(Venus) V. nebulosa, V. enea, V. nitens, V. si-
nuata, Pullastra a.—Cornwall, Sussex, Bantry Bay, Loch Ryan,
Me. Yellow within.
8. T. viretnea, Linn. — (Venus) V. rhomboides, V. sarniensis, V.
virago, Cuneus fasciatus. — Various British loc., C. Pink
within.
Lucrnopsis, Forbes and Hanley. Sandy ground.
9. L. unpata, Pennant.—(Venus) V. sinuosa, V. incorrupta, Lucina
undata.—Exm., Scarborough, Man, etc., 5 to 80 fathoms, M.R.
Orbicular, flexuous at side.
ARTEMIS.
10. A. exotera, Linn. — (Venus) Cytherea e. Pectunculus capillaceus.
—Sandy ground, on Brit. co. generally, low-water to 80 fath.,
C. Compressed ; strize coarse.
11. A. uinera, Pult.—(Venus) V.sinuata, Cytherea sinuata.—V arious
Brit. loc., C. Dorsal edge sloping ; strize fine.
VENUS.
12. V. castna, Linn.—V.reflexa, V. lactea, V. discina.—Northumber-
land, S. Devon, Man, Bantry, Skye, etc., Mc. Concentrically
laminated.
13. V. verrucosa, Linn.—V. erycina, V. cancellata, etc. — Devon,
Cornwall, Channel Isls., etc., C. Ventricose, warted.
14. V. rascrata, Donov.—Various southern Brit. loc., C. Round,
with thick ribs.
Fig. :
15. V. ovata, Pennant. — Brit. co. generally, C. Oval, radiately
ribbed.
16. V. srrtata, Donov.—V. gallina, V. Pennantii, V. rugosa.—Brit.
co. generally. Shores and deep water, C.
ASTARTE.
17. A. rrrancuLaris, Mont.—Mactra and Goodallia, minutissima and
triangularis.—Northern parts of Britain, 15 to 20 fathoms, C.
Minute, triangular.
18. A. e.tiptica, Brown.—Crassina e., Crassina ovata, and C. sulcata.
Scotland, 5 to. 10 fath., mud, M. C. Oblong, smooth near the
margin.
19. A. suncata, Costa.— (Pectunculus) V. scotica and Damnoniensis,
Crassina sulcata, etc. — Devon, Cornwall, Bantry, etc., C.
Thickly ribbed.
20. A. compressa, Mont.—(Venus) Venus and Crassina Montagui, Cy-
prina comp.—Scarborough, Northumbria, Bantry Bay, Firth of
Forth, 7 to 40 fath., M. C.
21. A. creBricostata, Forbes.—Zetland and Skye (dead), R. Ribs
more numerous than in A. sudcata.
22. A. arctica, Gray.—(Crassina) Venus borealis, Astarte compressa.—
eee Zetland, St. Andrew’s bay, etc., Rr. Lenticular, not
ribbed.
CYTHERBA.
23. C. cutonz, Linn.—(Venus.) — Plymouth, S. Devon, Falmouth,
Carnarvon, 12 to 20 fath., Mr.
BRITIS H
SHELLS ,
Pa
GB. Sowerby
PLATE V,
CYPRINA,
Fig.
1. C. rstanpica, Linn. (Venus.)—C. vulgaris, V. mercenaria,—Brit.
co. generally, most abundant north, 5 to 80 fath, Oval, with
thick epidermis.
CIRCE.
2, C. mintua, Mont. (Venus.)\—Gen. Cyprina and Cytherea triangu-
laris, apicialis, Cyrillit, minuta.—Guernsey, Cornwall, Milford
Haven, Clyde, Bantry Bay, etc., 10 to 50 fath., C.
TsocARDIA.
8. I. cor, Linn. (Chama.)—I. hibernica, Cardita cor.— Dublin, Skye,
etc., Mc. Heart-shaped, beaks coiled.
Carpium, or Cockle.
4. C. pvemaum, Donovan.—C. exiguum.—Herne, Sark, \Veymouth,
Zetland, Bantry Bay, 5 to 50 fath., Mc. Hinder side large,
angular.
5. C. papritosum, Po/i.—Guernsey, St. Martin’s Port, Jeffreys, RB.
Rather rounded, equally ribbed and grained.
6. C. puncratum, Broc., C. Noposum, Turt.—C. scabrum, Ph.—Hx-
mouth, Falmouth, Galloway, etc., Mc. Angular behind.
7.C. rasctatum, Mont.—C. elongatum, C. ovale, C. parvum, C. ru-
brum (young).—Various Brit. loc., Mr.
8. C. suecicum, Loven.—C. Swediense, Reeve, C. Loveni, Thompson.—
Down, Oban, Zetland, 30 to 70 fath., Rr. Oval, equally ribbed,
9. C. acuteatum, Linn.—-C. ciliare and parvum (young).—S, Devon,
Mc. ‘Thin, oblique, with thorn-like tubercles ; interstices of
ribs smooth.
10. C. rusticum, Linn.—C, tuberculatum, Linn, ?—Paignton, Torbay,
Velvet Strand, Dublin co., Mc. Thick, not oblique, coarsely
wrinkled.
10. ecHinatum, Linn.—C. mucronatum, C. spinosum.—Brit. co. gene-
rally, mud and sand, 7 to 80 fath, Oblique, wrinkled ; hinder
tubercles sharp.
12. C. evute, Linn.—C. vulgare, C. zonatum, C. obliquum, C. erenula-
tum, C. rusticum.—Brit. co. generally. Common eatable, Cockle.
13. C. Norvecicum, Spengler.—C. lavigatum, C. serratum, C. oblon-
gum, C. Pennantii.—Brit. co. generally. Sand and gravel, 15 to
80 fath. Smooth, variegated when young.
c
Lucina.
Fig.
14. L. prvartcata, Linn. (Tellina.)\—Cardium arcuatum, L. arcuata,
commutata.—Near Falmouth, 20 fath., Rr. Rounded, with di-
verging ribs.
15. L. ruexvuosa, Mont. (Tellina.)—Venus sinuosa, Amphidesma flex-
uosa, L. sinuata; gen. Cryptodon, Axinus, and Ptychina. —
Clyde, Bantry, Anglesea, etc., 7 to 80 fath., Mc. Thin, with a
fold behind.
16. L. Borzauis, Linn. (Venus.)—Tellina radula, Lucina r., b. alba.—
Many Brit. loc., 1 to 90 fath., C. Lenticular, concentrically
laminated.
17. L. tevcoma, 7urt.—L. lactea, not Linn., Loripes lactea.—Torbay,
Scarborough, Bantry Bay, etc., low-water to 80 fath.,C. Round,
smooth.
18. L. sprntrers, Mont. (Venus.)\—Myrtea s., L. hiatelloides.—Dart-
mouth, Plymouth, Hebrides, etc., 8 to 100 fath., M. R. Oval;
dorsal margin spinose.
Drtetoponta, Mont.
19. T. rorunpata, Mont. (Tellina.)—T. undata, Inueina 7., D, dilatata.
—Dorset, Devon, Tenby, Bantry Bay, etc., 7 to 25 fath., R.
Crausina, Jeffreys.
20. C. rerruerinosa, Vorbes, (Kellia.)\—Skye, Loch Fyne, ete., 30 to
100 fath., C. Concentrically ribbed, minute, oval.
21. C. croutinensis, Jeffreys—Croulin Island, Shellands, R. Sub-
orbicular.
22. C. aByssiicota, Jeffreys.—Not ribbed, R.
BRITISH SHELLS PL. Vl.
4 as
£0
——— ae
= 26
, Z6 a
a ~s
G.&. Sowerby.
PLATE VI.
Monracvta.
Fig.
ie M. rerrucinosa, Mont. (Mya.)—WM. oblonga, M. glabra, Tellimya
elliptica, Erycina f.—S. Devon, Scarborough, Tenby, Cape Clear,
etc., Mr. Wedge-shaped, long.
2. M. prpuntata, Mont. (Mya.)—Erycina, Petricola, and Tellimya 6.
—Newcastle, Weymouth, Dublin, ete. Burrows in dead shells,
Mr. Short, subquadrate.
3. M. sussrrtata, Mont. (Mya.)—Erycina and Tellimya s.—Devon,
Tenby, Durham, Zetland, Bantry Bay, ete., on spines of Spatan-
gus, deep water, C. Minute, with diverging strie.
TuURTONIA.
4, T. minuta, O. Fabr. (Venus.)\—Mya purpurea, etc.—Scarborough,
Tenby, Cork, Oban, etc., C.
Keita.
5. K. suporsicutaris, Mont. (Mya.)\—Bornia inflata, Tellina and
Tellimya s.—Anglesea, Portland, Zetland, etc., low-water to 60
fath., Mr.
6. K. tacrea, Brown, (Lellimya.)—Brit. co. generally. More ob-
long than K. sud.
7, 8. K. rupra, Mont. (Cardium.)—Poronia r., etc.—Numerous lo-
calities ; littoral, C.
LuEPTON.
9. L. sguamosum, Mont.—Solen and Lutraria s.—Salcombe Bay,
Tenby, Cork, etc., R. Flat, subquadrate.
10. L. nrripum, Zurt. (Kellia.)—Torbay, Skye, R. Less square and
fiat than L. squamosum.
11. L. convexum, Aldder.—Bantry Bay, Rr. Convex, granulated.
12. L. Cuarkia, Clari.—Exmouth, Plymouth, Zetland, Rr. Minute,
oval, smooth.
13. L. sutcatutum, Jeffr.—Annals, Feb. 1859. Guernsey, Mc. Con-
centrically wrinkled.
Gatzomma. Adheres to rocks by byssus.
14, 15. G. Turroni, Sowb.—Channel Islands, and Exmouth. Oblong,
gaping.
Cyctas. Inhabits fresh-water.
16. C. cornea, Linn. (Tellina.)—Spherium c., Scopoli, C. rivalis, ete.
—Ponds and ditches everywhere. Hquilateral, subquadrate.
Wig.
i7. C. ptstpio1pEs, Gray.—C. cornea, var., Brit. Moll.—Ditches and
ponds, C. Oblique, and light coloured.
18. C. rtvicota, Leach.—Cardium nua, etc.—Thames, etc. Large,
oval, wrinkled.
19. C. caticutata, Drap.—C. lacustris, etc.—Newcastle, Bristol, etc.,
Mr. With a ridge at the apex.
20. C. Lacusrris, Drap.—pallida, Gray. — Regent’s Park, ete., Mr.
Oval, light.
Pistpium. Inhabits fresh-water.
21. P. oprusaE, Pfeiffer.—P. pusillum, var.?
22. P. pustuitum, Turton, (Lellina.)—Cyclas fontinalis and gibba.—In
marshes and ponds at various places, C. Includes P. obtustale 7
23. P. amnicum, Miller, (Tellina.)\—T. rivalis, Cyclas palustris, C. ob-
fiqua.—British rivers, etc., generally. C. obliqua ribbed.
24. P. nivipum, Jennyns.—Battersea, Swansea, etc., C. Thick, dark,
blunt.
25. P. HunsLowianum, Sheppard, (Tellina.)~-Cyclas appendiculata, P.
acutum.—Cambridge, Swansea, etc., R. With a projection on
the umbones.
26. P. puLcHELLUM, Jennyns.— Cyclas fontinalis, etc.—Various locali-
ties, C. Ridged.
27. P. crnereum, Alder.—Cyclas c.—Various localities, Me. Smooth.
28. P. roszum, Scholtz.—Various loc., with P. pulchellum and P. niti-
dum, M. C. Subquadrate ; animal pink.
VY i.
PL.
SHELLS
BRITIS H
PLATE VII.
eee
: Unio. Fresh-water Mussel with hinge-teeth.
‘ig.
1. U. marearitiverus, Linn. (Mya.)\—Alasmodon m., A.arcuata, U.
elongata, U. sinuata.—R. Conway ; rivers in Cumberland, Wales,
Treland, ete., Me. Long, thick, arched.
2. U. prcrorum, Linn. (Mya.)—U. ovatis, U. rostrata, U. limosus, U.
Deshayesti, etc.—Various British rivers, C. Long, oval, not
wedge-shaped behind.
3. U. rumipus, Rete.—Mya and Unio ovalis, M. depressa, M. ovata,
Myscei o., M. solida.—Thames, and various British rivers, C. |
More solid, deep, and wedge-shaped than U. pictorum.
Anoponta. Fresh-water Mussel, without teeth.
4. A. cyanea, Linn. (Mytilus.)\—M. anatinus, M. stagnalis, M. pa-
ludosa, Symphonota cy.—Britain and Hurope generally, in rivers
and canals, C.
Dreissina, Beneden.
5. D. poryMorpra, Pallas, (Mytilus.) — London Docks, Mdinburgh
Canal, C.
Moptota, Lamarck.
6. M. Monrouts, Linn. (Mytilus.\—M. umbilicatus, M. curtus, I.
vulgaris.—British coasts generally, C. Large, brown, not rayed.
7. M. ovatis?, Sowb.—WM. tulipa (radiata), var., Brit. Moll., now
named provisionally. Less tumid, and with longer and more
gradually sloped dorsal line than M. radiata, Rr.
8. M. raprata, Hanley, Brit. Marine Conch. — M. tulipa, Brit.
Moll., Mc. Tumid, radiated. ;
9. M. parpata, Linn. (Mytilus.)—M. Grbbsii.—Sersey, Torbay, Mil-
ford Haven, Youghal, R. as Brit. Barbs of epidermis serrated.
10. M. prasronrna, Ph2lippi. — Guernsey, Falmouth, Scotland, Me.
Small barbs of epidermis not serrated.
11. M. cuprua, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1859.—In the stomach
of a bird shot at Scarborough, Rr. Minute, rhomboidal, smooth.
CrENELLA, Brown.
12. C. nrera, Gray, (Modiola.)—Mytilus and Modiola discrepans, de-
pressa, compressa, discors.—Scotland, R. Broad and compressed
behind.
13. C. piscors, Linn. (Mytilus.)—Modiola d. and discrepans.—Bnit. co.
generally, among seaweeds, C. Wedge-shaped and lobed.
14. C. marmorata, Forbes.—Mytilus and Mediola discors, discrepans,
and ¢wmida.—Brit. co. generally, Cc. Rhomboidal, marbled.
15. C. cosrutata, Aisso. — Exmouth, Cornwall, Swansea, Herm.
Wedge-shaped, marbled, strongly-ribbed.
16. C. rHomBEa, Berkley, (Modiola.)\—M. Prideauxiana.—Guernsey,
Torbay, Penzance, etc. ; coralline, R.
17. C. pecussata, Montagu, (Mytilus.)—C. and Modiola elliptica,
cicercula, and faba.—Scarborough, and a few northern localities,
5 to 50 fath., Mc.; Norway, etc. Subquadrate, decussated,
minute.
Mytitus, Linn.
18. M. upuuis, Linn.—W. vulgaris.—Brit. co. generally, Cc. Byssal
margin swelled.
19. M. uneutatus, Linn. Syst. Nat.—M. edulis, var. M. incurvatus
(Hoof-Mussel).—Cornwall, Guernsey, etc., Mr. Byssal margin
bent inwards, lower margin broad and straight.
20, 21. M. Gattoprovincratis, Lamk.—WM. edulis, var. M. dilatatus?,
M. pellucidus ? (young, f. 21), M. subsawatilis ?—British Chan-
nel, etc., C. Dorsal margin dilated, beak advancing.
BRITISH SHELLS PL.VI.
GC. B. Sowerhy
PLATE VIII.
Nucuta, Linn.
Fig.
Is N. nocrizvs, Linn. (Arca.)\—N. margaritacea, Glycimeris argentea.
—Brit. co, generally, 7 to 90 fath., C. Thick, obtuse ; beaks ter-
minal,
2. N. pecussata, Sowerby.—N. sulcata, N. Polii.—Hebrides, Loch
Fyne, Dublin Bay, 30 to 50 fath., Mr. Large, striated; beak
not terminal.
3. N. raprata, Hanley.—N. and Arca nucleus and radiata.—Torbay,
Milford Haven, Arran, etc., 10 to 70 fath., Mc. Prolonged an-
teriorly, rayed.
4. N. nrripa, Sowerby.—N. nucleus, var—Numerous British loc., 1
to 35 fath., C. Shining, ends rather pointed.
5. N. tenuis, Montagu, (Arca.)—North British co., 40 to 100 fath.,
sand, C. Thin, inner edge not crenated; beak terminal.
Leva, Schum. Beaked behind.
6. L. caupata, Donovan, (Arca.)—Arca and Nucula minuta and ros-
trata.—North co., C.; south co., R. 10 fath. to deep water.
Ridged.
7. L. pyema@a, Munster, (Nucula.)—N. and L. tenuis, gibbosa, and len-
ticula.—Skye, Hebrides, Croulin Isl., 25 to 50 fath. Minute,
smooth. Size (omitted) one-fifth of an inch.
Arca, Linneus.
8, 9. A. tactEA, Linn.—A. barbata, A. Modiolus, A. crinita, A. per-
forans, A, Gaimardi, var. f. 8; A. Quoyi, var. f. 9.—Penzance,
Ilfracombe, Bantry Bay, Guernsey, etc. Adhering to shells and
stones, 15 to 20 fath., C. Beaks approaching, radiately striated.
10. A. reTracona, Poli.—A. Noe and imbricata.—Many Brit. loc., C.
(12 to 50 fath.). Broad area between beaks.
11. A. Rarmentata, 8. Wood.—A. pectunculoides.—Skye, Hebrides,
etc., Scot. Cape Clear, 40 to 60 fath., Mr. Minute, teeth few.
12. A. Noputosa, P/.—KE. Zetland, Shetland Isls., Rr.
PECTUNCULUS.
13. P. erycrmeris, Linn. (Arca.)—A. and P. and Glycimeris pilosa,
orbicularis, undata, and marmorata.—Brit. co. generally, 15 to
60 fath., C.
Limopsis. ©
14, L. prtiucrpa, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan, 59.—Dredged in
sand at Guernsey, Rr.
16
1?
23
24
AVICULA.
Soke TARENTINA, Lamk.—Mytilus and Avicula hirundo, etc.—Ban-
try Bay, Devon, etc., R.
PINNA.
. P. pectinata, Linn.—P. fragilis, muricata, ingens, levis, papy-
racea, rotundata, elegans.—Dorset, Milford Haven, Hebrides,
Cape Clear; deep water, Mc.
OsTREA.
. O. evuuts, Linn.—O. vulgare, etc.—Various natural and artificial
beds, in England, Scotland, and Ireland. The common Oyster.
ANOMIA.
. A. epurppium, Linn.—A. electrica, A. squamula, cepa, etc.—Brit.
co. generally, 1 to 30 fath.,C. Pearly and irregular; beak margi-
nal, curved.
. A. acuLeata, Miller.—A. striolata. — Brit. co. generally, Mc.
Small, with spimous sculpture.
. A. srriata, Lovén.—Hebrides, R. Rayed, striated, with apex not
marginal.
. A. paTettirormis, Linn.—A. undulata.—Cape Clear, etc., 1 to
50 fath., Mr. Flat, ribbed.
Lima.
. L. supauricunata, Montagu, (Pecten.)—L. nivea, sulcata, ete.—
Plymouth, Man, Zetland, Belfast, etc., Mr. Nearly straight.
. L. tans, Gmel. (Vitrea.)—L. tenera, fragilis, aperta, etc.—Chan-
nel Isls., Penzance, Oban, Belfast, etc., Mc.
at sides.
Oblique, gaping
. L. Loscomsn, Sowerby.—Pecten and Ostrea and Lima fragilis and
bullata.—Many Brit. loc., 10 to 50 fath., Me.
at sides.
Oblique, closed
|
BRITISH SHELLS PL.IX.
CB. Sowerby.
PLATE IX.
Prcten. Free, except 1.
Fig.
ik P. pusto, Pennant, (Ostrea.)\—P., O., and Hinnites distortus and
sinuosus. — Brit. co. generally, 15 to 90 fath., C. Irregular,
attached to stones, etc.
2,3. P. varius, Linn. (Ostrea.)—P. monotis.—Brit. co. generally,
3 to 35 fath.; C. Vertically elongate; auricles very unequal.
4. P. ntveus, Macgilivray.—Scotland, R. (15 fath.) Ribs more nu-
merous than P. varius; white.
5, 6, 7. P. operoutarts, Linn. (Ostrea.)—O., and P. subrufus, pic-
tus, lineatus (var. f. 6), and sangwinea.—Brit. co. generally, 5 to
100 fath., C. As broad as long; ribs rounded.
8, P. Aupovuinu, Payraudeau.—P. opercularis, var., B. Moll.—Ribs
angular and squamose,
9,10. P. pantcus, Chemn.—P. and O. pes-felis, glaber, triradiata, ad-
spersus, septemradiata, etc.—Several Scotch localities, 25 to 90
fath., Mc. Very variable, extreme vars. f. 9,10. Auricles more
equal than P. tigrinus.
11, 12. P. trertus, Miiller.—P. obsoletus, domesticus, levis, parvus,
etc.—Brit. co. generally, 12 to 60 fath.,C. Variable; one auricle
minute, the other large and ribbed.
13. P. maximus, Linn. (Ostrea.)—P. vulgaris. ——Brit. co. generally, 3
to 40 fath. The common eatable Scallop. Valves unequal.
14, P. stuttis, Laskey.—O. and P. tumidus.—Fr. Forth, Isl. Man,
Lerwick, Cape Clear, etc., Mc. Minute, smooth, with undula-
ting marks.
15. P. striatus, Miiller.—P. aculeatus, fuci, etc.—Scotland, C.; Eng-
land, R
16. P. rurtivus, Lovén.—Zetland, Guernsey, etc., 40 to 50 fath., Mr.
More rounded, and with auricles less broadly based than P. s¢v7-
atus.
Hrerotuyris. Fixed by byssus.
17. H. psrrracea, Gmel. (Anomia.)—A. rostrum-psitiaci, Chem. ; Tere-
bratula psittacea.—Northumberland, Fr. Forth; deep water,
Rr. as Brit. “The Parrot’s-beak Anomia.”
TrrepratuLa. Fixed by byssus.
18. T. cranium, Miiller—Anomia c., and T. vitrea.—Zetland; deep
water, unique as Brit. Smooth, oval.
19. T. capsuta, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1859.—Belfast Bay,
R. Minute, punctured.
ArGIoPk, or MBGATHYRIS.
. T. CAPUT-SERPENTIS, Linn. (Anomia.)—A. and T. retusa, pubescens,
costata, and aurita.—Oban, Skye, etc., 20 to 50 fath., Mr.
. A. cistELLuLA, 8S. Wood. (Terebratula.)—A. seminulum ?, T.
. A. DECOLLATA, Chemn.—A. detruncata.—Guernsey, R.
. A. seminutum, Philippi.—Croulin, near Skye, Jeffreys.
CRANIA.
. C. anomata, Miller. (Patella.)\—Pat. Anomia, Discina, and Criopus
distorta, ostreoides, personata, and rostrata.—Zetland, Arran,
Lerwick, Cork, Mr.
G
BRITISH
SHELL
PLATE X.
——orrnt
Hyataa. Fam. Pteropoda.
Fig.
1. H. Tr1sprnosa, Lesweur.—Once taken on floating timber, Dublin.
Doubtful as British.
Sprriatis, or Peracts. Fam. Pteropoda.
2.8. Freminem, Morbes—Fusus retroversus, ¥l.—Zetland, Skye, Ar-
ran, Donegal, M. C. Snail-shaped.
8.8. Macanpret, /. and H.—Near Mizen Head, S. Ire., Rr. Tur-
reted.
4, 8. Jurrreysit, F. and H.—Brit. Channel, Rr. Discoid.
Cuiton. Sedentary on rocks.
5. C. rascicunaris, Zimz.—Brit co. generally, Mc. Tufted margin,
small, granules large.
3. C. eracitis, Jefir. Ann. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1859.— Weymouth.
Narrow; granules very small; two postero-terminal tufts.
7. C. piscrepans, Brown.—crinitus, Pennant ? —Tenby, Guernsey,
C. Tufted margin, large: granules very small.
8. C. Hantry1, Bean.—Scarborough, Skye, W. Ireland, R. Spinose
margin.
9, 10. C. marmoreus, O. Fubr.—C. latus, Lowe, C. levigatus, ruber,
and pictus. — Scarborough, Forth, Skye, Zetland, W. Ire., R.
Margin smooth.
11. C. tavis, Pennant.—C. marginatus, Pult., C. Achatina, Brown.
—Dorset, Devon; Brit. co. generally, but rare. Dorsally ele-
vated; margin reticulated.
12. C. ruber, Linn.—Brit. seas generally, Mr. Valves smooth; mar-
gin coriaceous.
18. C. cinereus, Linn.—C. marginatus, Penn. ?—Brit. co. generally,
C. Valves carinated ; margin and valves granulated.
14. C. atsus, Linn.—C. asselloides, Lowe.—Northern coasts, R. Mar-
ginal granules scaly and large; dorsal gr. smaller than C. ccnereus.
15, 16. C. assEtus, Chemn.—C. minimus, Cinereus albus. — Brit. co.
generally, C. Broad, granules on valves beaded.
17. C. cancettatus, Sowerby.—C. albus, Pult.—Devon, Guernsey, Isl.
Man, Oban, Zetland, Loch Carron, R. Narrow, back elevated,
else like C. assedlus.
Paretta. (Limpet.) Sedentary.
18. P. vuteata, Linn.—Brit. generally, Cc. Ribs not toothed.
Ww
Fig.
19. P. atHuEtica, Bean.—Devon, Northumberland, etc., Cc. Ribs
toothed.
20. P. pettucipa, Linn.—P. laevis, caerulea, Acmea pel.—British co.
generally, C. smooth.
214 — var. /evis, Penn.
Acmza, or Loria.
22. A. TESTUDINALIS, Miiller—P. Clealandi.—North Ire., C. Oval,
with tortoise-shell markings.
23. A. vireinEA, Wiiller.—P. parva, pulchella.—Brit. co. generally,
Mc. Pale, pink-rayed, shallow.
Pitiprum, or TEctura.
24. P. rutvum, Miiller.—P. Forbesii.—Clyde, Cork, Zetland, etc., R.
PROPILIDIUM.
25. P. ancyLorpg, Morbes.—Lamlash, Ayrshire, etc., R.
Dentatium, Linn.
26. D. entatis, Linn.—Brit. co. generally, C. Smooth, small end
notched.
27. D. rarentinum, Lamk.—D. vulgare, striatum, labiatum, politum,
leve.—South coasts, C. Striated and entire at small end.
Pitxoprsis, or Capuus.
28. P. nunearicus, Limn.—Fool’s-cap Limpet.—S. Devon, and Br. co.
generally, C.
Caryprrama, Linn.
29. C. sinensis, Linn. (Patella.)—C. chinensis, albida, levigata.—S.
Brit., and Chan. Isls., R. With oblique septum.
tn le
PLATE XI.
_—_——
FissuRELLA.
Fig.
1. ¥. rericutata, Donov. (Patella.\—P. and F. Greca, apertura
(young), cancellata, europea. — Hebrides, Thanet, Devon, Ire-
land. On shells, etc., 1 to 15 fath., C.
2. F. cosrarta, Deshayes—Guernsey, R. More fine and numerous
ribs than Ff. reticulata.
PuNCTrURELLA.
3. P. Noacutna, Innn. (Patella.)—Cemoria Flemingit, Fissurella N.,
Rimula Flemingii, etc.—Scotland and Northumberland, 20 to
100 fath., R. With slit under apex.
EMARGINULA.
4, EB. rericutata, Sowerby.—Patella fissura, etc.—Brit. co. generally,
C. Conical, with slit in margin.
5. E. rosea, Bell.—FE. pileolus, conica, capuliformis, etc —Channel
Isls., Exmouth, Cornwall, etc., 7 to 25 fath., Mc. Curved,
coarsely cancellated. Red within.
6. K. crassa, Sowerby.—Loch Fyne, Oban and Belfast, 20 to 25
fath., Rr. Large, not cancellated.
Hatiorts, or “ Har-shell.”’
7. H. rusercunata, Leim.—H. vulgaris, Channel Isls., Ce.
Trocuvs.
8. T. zizypuinus, Linn.—C. conulus, C. discrepans, C. Lyons (white,
ribbed var.), etc. Brit. co. generally, low-water to 50 fath., C.
9. T. conutus, Linn.—Lincolnshire, Rr. More simply conical than
the most extreme forms of 7. zizyphinus.
10. T. ataBastrum, Beckh.—T. formosus.—Zetland, Lerwick, etc., 45
to 80 fath., R. White, with deep, plain,.and beaded ridges.
11. T. mittecranus, Philippi.imT. Clealandi, T. Martini.—Brit. co.
generally, 15 to 90 fath., Mr. Granulated, whorls with; promi-
nent margin.
12. T. cranunatus, Born.—T. papiilosus, T. fragilis —Channel Isls.,
Weymouth, Dublin, etc., R. Like 8, but grained.
13. T. srrratus, Linn.—T. parvus, etc.—S. Brit., C. More finely
ribbed than 7. exiguus.
14, T. exicuus, Pudt.—T. exasperatus, minutus, etc. 8. co., C.
22
23
25
26
.'T. Monracut, Gray.—T. striatus, Forbes.—Scarborough, Exmouth,
Cape Clear, etc., C. Elevated, whorls tumid.
. T. rumipus, Mont.—T. patholatus, Rackettii, ete. Brit. co. gene-
rally, C. Short, whorls
tumid, umbilicated.
. I. crnerzvs, Linn.—T. lineatus, T. perforatus, ete. — Brit. co.
generally, C. Littoral,
small umbilicus.
. T. umptnicatus, Mont.—T. cinerarius, etc.—Guernsey, 8. and W.
Brit. co., C. Littoral, umbilicus large.
. T. asus, Linn.—T. tuberculatus.—Bnit. co. generally ; littoral, C.
Broad, tuberculated. Large umbilicus.
. T. rinzatus, Costa.—T. crassus, etc—Channel Isls., Devon. W.
Ire., Me. Smooth, imperforate.
Margarita, or TRocHus.
. M. unputatus, Sowerby.—Turbo carneus, M. striata, ete.—Scot-
land, 5 to 50 fath., Mc.
Striated and undulated.
. M. nexicinus, Fabricius.—Turbo and Trochus neritoideus, margarita,
M. vulgaris, etc.—Many Brit. loc. ; littoral, C.
. M. pustiius, Jeffreys.—Lerwick, R., 10 to 40 fath. Minute,
white, depressed.
.M. sxitis, Phil.—Skenea Cutleriana.—Guernsey, Skye, etc., R.
Globose, striated.
ADEORBIS.
. A. suscarinatTa, Mont.—(Helix) Trochus rugosus, Cingula sube.,
etc.—S. Brit. co., Mr. Depressed, keeled.
SCISSURELLA.
. 8. crispara, Mem.—Zetland, etc., in sand, Me.
PHASIANELLA.
. P. puttus, Linn. (Turbo.)
generally, C.
—T. pictus, Cingula p., etc.—Brit. co.
|
: ie "
es
¥. «!
ae
BRITISH SHELLS, PL. XI.
20
o2
CB. Sowerby.
a ee
PLATE XII.
_—eeoeeeee
Tantuina. Floats on ocean,
Fig.
1. I. communis, Lamk.—Helix Ianthina, I. fragilis, etc.—Corpwall,
Bristol, ete.; oceanic, C. Sides depressed.
. L._ srrrannica, Leech. Reeve. — Ireland, Cornwall, etc., Mr,
Darkly coloured, not compressed.
3. I. patuipa, Harvey.—I. patula.—Clare, Rr. as Brit.
4, I, exteua, Lamk,—Cornwall, Clare, etc., Mr,
ca)
Neritina. In rivers.
5, N. rLuviatiis, Linn.—N, fontinalis—Thames, Trent, Humber,
etc., Scotch lakes, Ce.
Birninia. In ponds.
. B. Leacuu, Shepp. (Turbo.)—B. ventricosus, Paludina acuta, simi-
hs, etc.—Rivers 8. Brit., Mr. Narrow, with rounded whorls.
7. B, renracuata, Linn. (Helix.)—T. nucleus, Paludina impura, ete.
—Fresh-water, throughout Brit. Oval.
o>
Patupina. In ponds.
8. P. Listeri, Forbes and Hanley.—Heliz vivipara, etc.—Lakes and
ponds generally, Mc. Whorls more separate, umbilicus larger
than P. vivipara.
9. P. vivieara, Linn.—Pal. achatina, etc.—Thames, etc., C.
Vauvata. In ponds.
10. V. prscinauis, Miller.—Nerita, Turbo, Cyclostoma fontinalis, ob-
tusa, thermalis, etc.—Fresh-water, C. Subglobose.
11. V. cristata, Miller. —V. planorbis, etc. — Many loc., Mc. Or-
bicular.
Litrortna. On the sea-shore.
12, 13. L. rupts, Donov. (Turbo.)—L. littoreus, etc., L. nigro-lineatus
(var. f. 18).—British shores generally, Cc.
14, 15. L. urrrorza, Linn. (Turbo.)\—L. vulgaris, etc.—British shores
generally. The common eatable Winkle.
16, 17. L. TenzBRosa, Mont. (Turbo). — British shores generally, C.
__ Not thickened at bottom of mouth like Z. rudis.
18. L. patuna, Jeffreys.—L. labiata, L. jugosa, etc.—Common on
our shores.
Fig.
19. L. saxatinis, Johnston,—L. neglecta.—Probably L, patula var.?
20, 21. L. urrrorauis, Linn, (Turbo.)—T. neritoides, T. ustulatus, etc.
—Brit. co, generally, Depressed above.
22. L. Fasauis, Zurt.—L. Beani,—Young of L. Uttoralis?
23, L. nerirorss, Linn. (Turbo.)—T. petraa, L. caerulea, etc.—Kent,
Sussex, etc., C. With white band.
24, L. patuiata, Say, (Turéo.)—-Yarmouth, Mr.
Lacuna.
25, 26. L. purnonus, Turt. (Turbo.)—Cochiea, Helix, and Nerita parva,
fasciata, lacuna, rufa, etc.—Brit. shores, C. Globose.
27, 28. L, vincta, Mont. (Turbo.)—T. canalis, quadrifasciatus, etc.—
Brit. co. generally, C.
29, L. orassior, Mont. (Turto.)\—L. pallidus—Numerous Brit. co,
Thick, conical.
30, — var, ? of this rather than of C, wincta.
81, L. pattiwuta, Costa, (Turbo,)—Brit, co, generally, C.
32, L. patuta,—Fry of L, pallidula?
e
By
179)
SHELL
BRITISH
7S
eee Sowerbh y.
CS a ee
PLATE XIII.
wa 'a ata aaa aa
ASSIMINEA.
Fig.
¥ A. Grayana, Jeffreys.—Limneus and Paludina G.—Greenwich and
other marshes.
2. A. nivrorna, Delle Chiaje, (Helix littorina.)—Rissoa globularis and
littorea.—On shore at Weymouth, Serk, Portland, Mr,
Rissoa, or CINGULA.
3. R. utva, Pennant, (Turbo.)\—Helix, Cingula, Paludina, and Litto-
rina.—In brackish water, on British shores, C.
3%, var. subumbilicata, R.
4. R. Bartest, Jeffreys.—R. ulve var.—Loch Carron, Skye, R.
5. R. strratuta, Mont.—R., Turbo, Cingula, and Littorina carinata
and monilis.—Devon, Margate, Galway, Herm, etc., 0 to 7 fath,,
Mr.; S. Eu. Carinated.
6. R. crmtcorpes, Korbes.—R. sculpta——W. Scotland. Like R. zet-
landica, but with outer lip crenulated ; finely decussated.
7. R. zertanpica, Mont. (Lurbo.)—R., Cyclostoma, Cingula scalari-
Sormis, Cyclostrema z.—N. Scotland, 0 to 60 fath., Mc. Whorls
angulated.
8. R. crenutata, Michaud.—Turbo and R. cimex and cancellatus.—
Falmouth, Cornwall, Skye, Galway, C. Very coarsely cancellated.
9. R. catatHus,—Lorbes and Hanley.—Sheerness, Whitesand Bay, 15
to 50 fath., R. Finely cancellated.
10. R. Beant, Hanley.—Cornwall, Plymouth, Orkney, Galway, C.;
N. Eu. Striated.
11. R. apysstcota, Yorbes.—N. Scotland ; deep water, R.
12. R. uactna, Michaud.—Turbo cancellatus,—Jersey and Medit., Rr.
Oval, plicated and striated.
13. R. punctura, Montagu.— Turbo and Cingula and R. reticulata.
—Brit. co. generally, 10 to 20 fath.
14. R. cosrata, Adams.—R., Turbo, Cingula plicata, costata, and exigua.
—South co. Brit., S. Wales, Orkneys, Ireland, Channel Isls., 0
to 25 fath., C.
15. R. srrtata, Mont.—R., Turbo, and Cingula semicostata, minutissi-
ma, communis, gracilis, etc.—Brit. co. generally, N. and 8. Eu, ;
littoral C.
16, 17, 18. R. parva, Costa —T., C., and R. sublutea, lactea, alba,
etc., R. interrupta (var. f. 17), R. Sarsi, var. f. 18 (unique).—
Brit. shores generally, C.
19. R. cosrunata, Alder.—Turho variabilis, R. similis,—Devon, Chan-
nel Isls., W. Ireland, etc., C.; S. Eu.
Fig.
20. R. RUFILABRUM, Leach,—R, and C. hyalina and punctata.— Devon,
Belfast, etc., Mc.
21. R. nasiosa, Mont. (Helix.)—T., C., and R. membranacea and cos-
tata.— Brit. co. generally, C,
22, 23, 24, R. 1nconsprcua, Alder.—R. alhula and supra-costata, var.
f. 23, R. similis, var. 24, R. maculata.—Brit. co. generally, C.
25. R, semistrtata, Mont.—T. and R. pulchra and tristriata.—Brit.
shores generally, C.
26. R. crnertius, Mont. (Turbo.)—R., T., and C. vittata, var., R. gra-
phica and R. rupestris,—Brit co. generally.
27. R. virrea, Mont. (Turbo.)—Helia glabrata, R. crystallina.—"x-
mouth, Oban, Birterbuy, etc., Mr. Elongated, smooth.
28. R. proxima, Adder.—A rare Irish species. Elongated, striated.
-
1
SHE LI
BRITIS
Fake me
m
.
is
an
ry 2D
7B:
PLATE XIV.
Rissoa,—continued.
Fig.
ie R. putcHerrm™a, Jeffreys.—Channel Isls., R.
2. R. souuta, Philippi. Exmouth, Bute, Cork, etc., R. Like &.
pulch., but with spiral striz.
3. R. Anpert, Jeffreys, Annals, Aug. 1858.—Skye, Rr. Larger and
more conical than &. soluta.
4. R. putea, Adams, (Helix.)—Turho and Cingula f—Weymouth,
Arran, Cork, etc., Mr. Whorls rounded and banded.
5. R. anatina, Drap. (Cyclostoma.)—Paludina and Lnttorina a.—
Very rare, Greenwich marshes.
6. R. exit, Jeffreys.—Chemnitzia Barleet, Clark.
7. R. ventrosa, Mont. (Turbo.)—Cyclostoma, Paludina, and Cingula
acutus, ventricosus, octona, stagnorum, etc.—Marine shores and
brackish-water marshes, Mc.
8. R. penticunata, Mont. (Zurbo.)—Herm, Rr.
9. R. untoa, (Zurbo.)—Actis u., Brit. Moll., Turritella, Pyramis, and
Chemnitzia, R.—Devon, Cork, etc., Mr.
10. R. euasrata, Jeffreys.—N. sp.
11. R. castanna, Jeffreys.—N. sp.
BaARLEEIA.
12. B. rusra, Flem. (Cingula.)—Turbo, C., and Rissoa ruber, unifas-
ciatus, fulva.—Herm, Tenby, Dunbar, etc., S. Eu., Mr.
J EFFREYSIA.
18. J. prapuana, Alder, (Rissoa.) — R. glabra. — Dublin, Swansea,
Northumberland, etc. ; littoral, R.
14. J. opatina, Jeffreys, (Rissoa.)—Channel Isls., R.
15. J. croputaris, Jeffreys.—Skye.
16. J. Gutsonaz, Clark, (Odostomia.)—Chemnitzia G.—Sandwith, Ler-
wick, Weymouth, etc., Guernsey.
EXVOMPHALUS.
17. B. nrrivissimvus, Adams, (Helix.)—Shenea, B. Moll., Truncatella
atomus.—Shetland to Channel Isls., Me.
18. E. nora, Forbes and Hanley, (Skenea.) — Donegal, rare. Like a
minute Ammonite.
SKENEA.
19. S. pLanonsts, O. Fabr. (Heliv.) —Turbo, Sk. depressa.—Brit. shores
generally, on coastal Corallines, C. Flat, like a Planorbis.
_S. pivisa, Mem. (Turbo.) — Helia and Sk. serpuloides, Adeorbis
striatus.—Scarborough, Weymouth, Orkney, Galway, etc., 7 to
25 fath., Mr. Striated.
. 8. costunata, Moller, (Margarita.)—Loch Fyne, Rr.
. 8, bavis, Philippi, (Delphinula.)—Neweastle-on-Tyne, Rr.
Acuis.
. A. ascaris, Turt. (Turbo.)—Turritella, Alvania, and Pyramis supra-
nitida and acutissima.—lIreland, Tenby, Zetland, Mr.
. A. supra-nitipa, S. Wood (Alvania.)\—Tenby, Dublhn, ete., Rr.
. A. nivrpissima, Mont. (Lurbo.)—Turritella, Pyramis, and Chem-
nitzia.—Falmouth, Burrow Isl., R.
EULIMELLA.
. HE. Scitta, Loven, (Lurbonilla.)—Eulima, Odostomia, Chemnitzia,
and Hulimella crassula, and Macandrei.—N. Scotland, Croulin,
etc., 20 to 90 fath., R.
. KB. acicuna, Philippi, (Melania.)—E., Chemn., Odost., and Lulima
clavula.—Skye, Rr.
_ EK. arrinis, Philippi, (Hulima.)\—Pyramis, Odost., and E. gracilis,
levis.—Skye, ‘Torbay, R.
_E. cravura, Lovén (Lurbonilla.) — Odostomia c.—Torbay, Ri.
Guernsey.
30. KE. opntiscus, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1858.~—Shetland.
BRITISH
SHELL:
—
—% SAYER
— |
PLATE XV.
3 TURRITELLA.
ig.
1. T. cornea, Lamk.—T. communis, var., B. M.—Cork and Zetland,
Mr. Whorls less flat and less rapidly enlarged than 7. communis.
A white var. exists (7. nivea).
2, 3. T. communis, Fisso.—T. cornea ?, T. Terebra. — Brit. co. gene- |
rally; 4 to 100 fath., Cc. Aperture rather square.
APORRHAIS.
4. A. pESs-PELICANI, Linn. (Strombus.)—A. quadrifidus, Tritonium, and
Rostellaria p.—Brit. co. gen.; N. and 8S. Eu.; 4 to 100 fath.,
C. Outer lip with one anterior lobe.
5. A. pEs-cARBONIS, Brongniart. — Rostellaria and A. p., and serres-
siana.—Zetland, 70 to 100 fath., R. Outer lip with two an-
terior lobes.
Cacum.
6. C. rracuua, Mont. — Dentalium and Orthocera imperforatum, C.
annulatus.—Devon, Weymouth, Scotland, Cork, etc., R.; 5. Ku.
Ringed and striated.
7. C. etaprum, Mont.—C., Dentalium, and Orthocera minutum, and
levissimum.—Exmouth, Weymouth, Swansea, Lerwick, Bantry
Bay. Rare, smooth.
CERITHIUM.
8. C. reticuLatuM, Costa, (Strombiformis.) —Murea and Terebra r.
—Brit. co. gen., 0 to 20 f., C. Narrow, and closely reticulated.
9. C. meraxa, Delle Chiaje—C. angustissimum. — Guernsey, R.; S.
Ku. Lengthened, white. |
10. C. apversum, Mont. (Murex.)—C., Triphoris, Turbo, and Terebra a.,
perversus, and reticulatus.—W. and 8. Brit., Channel Isls., etc.,
5 to 25 fath., Mr.
CERITHIOPSIS.
11. C. ruBercutarn, Mont. (Murex.) — Cerithium and Terebra t.—
Brit. co. gen.; S. Eu.; 4 to 40 fath., Mc. Three rows of tu-
bercles in the penultimate whorl.
12. C. Crarxu, Handey—Exmouth, Rr. Two rows of tubercles.
13. C. nivua, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1859.—In shell sand, Belfast,
R. Rather Buccinum-shaped.
14. C. meruta, Lovén, (Cerithium.)—C. nitidum, Forbes:—Zetland, 50
to 80 fath., R. White, with angular whorls.
Fig. é
iby (eh PULCHELLA, Jeffreys. —~ Falmouth, Plymouth, Guernsey, R.
Closely whorled and cancellated.
ScALARIA.
16. S. communis, Lamk.—Turbo and Strombiformis clathrus and clath-
ratus.—S. co. principally, C. Laminarian zone, 8. Ku. Ridges
raised ; whorls separated.
17. S. ar@ntanpica, Chemn. (Turbo.)—S. planicostata, subulata.—Frag-
ments only, N. Scotland, N. Eu. Grooved between ridges.
18. S. Turtonts, Zurton.—Scarborough, Exmouth, Cork, etc., N. and
S. Eu., R. as Brit. Ridges flat.
19. 8. Trevetyana, Leach.—N. Brit., 15 to 85 fath., Mr. Thin, with
ribs narrower than Se. Turtonis.
20. S. ctatHratuLa, Mont.—S. Brit. and Channel Isls., Mr. Small,
white, with thin ribs.
STYLIFER.
21.8. Turront, Brod.—Phasianella stylifera, Velutina s., 8. globosus
and astericola.—On spines of Eehinus sphera, Torbay and Ber-
wick, R. Glassy, thin.
EuLIMaA.
22. KE. pourra, Linn. (Helix.)—Strombiformis, Turbo, Rissoa, and Pha-
sianella p. and albus, Boscii and anglica.—lreland, 8. Brit., HK.
Scot., N. and 8S. Hu., 7 to 50 fath., Mr. Rather solid.
23. E. pisrorta, Deshayes.—Brit. co. gen., Mc.; 12 to 90 fath.; N. and
S. Eu. Small, tortuous.
24. E. srenostoma, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1858.—Zetland and Nor-
way, Rr. Thin, with rapidly increasing whorls.
25. KE. susunata, Donov. (Turbo.)—Strombiformis, Helix, and Melania
s. and glaber, trifasciatus, Donovani, and lineata.—S. and W.
Brit., Ire., Zetland, Medit., 10 to 80 fath., Mr. Whorls deep,
banded.
26. E. prnineata, Adder.—Or F. subulata, var.—Northumberland, etc.
Whorls more swelled than #. sw., two-banded.
BRITISH SHELLS PL.XYI.
G.B Sowerby
PLATE XVI.
CHEMNITZIA.
Fig,
1, C. execantissm™ma, Mont. (Turbo.)—T. lacteus, Linn.?, 7. acutus.
—Brit. co. generally ; not deep, C. Interstices of longitudinal
ribs smooth.
2. C. srmmnimus, Mont. (Turbo.)—C. gracilis, Phil. More slender
and minute than f. 1.
8. C. pustnna, Phil, Moll. Sic. 2. p, 224. pl. 28. f. 21.—More stout
than f. 1, with the ribs straight and broad. Medit., Brit, ?
4, 5. C. Rura, Phil.—And var. C. fulvocincta (f.5).—Brit. co. gene-
rally, 15 to 50 fath., Mc. Spiral grooves between ribs.
6. C. rormosa, Jeffreys, (Odostomia.) —Swansea, Shellness, Bantry
Bay, etc., Mr. Grooved between ribs, excavated at suture.
7. C. renustrata, Forbes and Jeffr. (Odostomia,)—Torbay, etc., R.
With pits between spiral ridges.
8, C. RuFEscENS, Forbes.—Odostomia and Turritella indistincta and
scalaris.—Clyde, Hebrides, Oban, 15 to 50 fath., R. More
stout than C. rufa. Three-banded.
9. C. scataris, Philippi, (Melania.)—Exmouth, Guernsey, Medit., R.
Ribbed ; whorls angular above.
10. C. craturata, Jeffreys.—Birterbuy Bay, R. Lower part of whorls
spirally grooved between ribs.
11. C. uvvistincta, Mont. (Turbo.)—Odost., Turritella, Terebra, and
Pyramis truncata and speciosa, etc.—Brit. co. generally, 5 to 40
fath., Mr.; S. Eu. Ribs curved, striated between.
TRUNCATELLA.
12. T. suscyrinprica, Linn. (Helix.)—T. Montagui, Turbo truncatus,
subtruncatus, Cyclostoma truncatulum, Turritella t. and s., ete,-—~
Weymouth, §. Devon, Scarborough, etc., C.
Natica.
13, N. nEricomwss, Johnston.—Scotland, Scarborough, etc., 15 to 40
fath., R.; N. Eu. Thin-grooved suture.
14, N. Montacut, Forbes. —Nerita rufa, Natica r. and rutilla.—Prin-
cipally northern loc. In sand and gravel, 12 to 90 fath., Mr.
Small, stout.
15. N. Kinen, Forbes and Hanley.— Northumberland, unique, Je/-
Sreys coll.
16. N. niripa, Donovan.— Nerita and Natica catena, nitida, Alderi,
glaucina, etc.— Brit. co. generally, 4 to 90 fath., C. Oblique,
marked with undulating lines.
Fig.
1 7. N. moniuirgra, Lamk. — Nerita glaucina, catena, etc.—Near
water-mark, in sandy places generally, C. Whorls rounded.
18. N. sorpipa, Phil.—N. fulva, plumbea, etc.—Scilly, Cape Clear,
Zetland, etc., 25 to 90 fath., R.
19, N. pustiia, Say.—N. Grenlandica, livida, alba.—Northumberland,
Yorkshire, N. Hu., 45 fath., R. White; umbilicus small.
Reciuzia.
20, R. aperta, Jeffreys.—Natica aperta, Lovén ?—Zetland, Rr.
VELUTINA.
21. N. tmvieata, Linn. (Helix.)— Bulla, Velutina, ete.—Brit. co,
generally, 1 to 30 fath., N. Eu., C
22. N. ripxinis, Mont. (Bulla.)—Coriocella and Sigaretus plicatilis.—
N. Scot., 25 fath., Rr.
LAMELLARIA.
23. L. perspicua, Linn.—Helia, Bulla haliotoidea, Sigareta and Co-
riocella neritoideus.—Brit. co. generally, but R.; 1 to 15 fath.,
Mr. Thin, glassy, more ventricose than L. tentaculata.
24, L. rentacutata, Mont.—Sig. and Cor.—Falmouth, Swansea, Ar-
ran, ete, Laminarian, Mr, Upper whorls less full than Z. per-
spicua,
OTINA.
25, O. otis, Turt. (Helix.)—Velutina, Galericulum ovatum.—Wales,
Devon, Channel Isls., Clare, etc., Mc. Littoral.
TRICHOTROPIS.
. T. BorEALIs, Broderip and Sowb,—T. and Murex carinatus, umbili-
catus, acuminatus, etc.—N. Scotland, W. Ireland, 15 to 80 fath.,
R,
eo
=>)
BRITISH SHELLS PL. XVI.
G. B. Sowerby. :
PLATE XVII.
ate as
; OposTomtia.
‘ig.
L O. untpentata, Mont. (Turbo.)—Voluta u., O. plicata.—Brit. co.
generally, Mc. Rather conical. Tooth strong; no epidermis.
2.0. turrita, Hanley, Brit. Mar. Conch. — O. unidentata, var.
B. M.—R. More lengthened than No. 1.
8, 4. O. acuta, Jeffreys. — Torbay, Loch Fyne, Galway, ete., Mc.
Strong, conical. Suture deep.
5. O. pricata, Mont. (Lurbo.)—Voluta p., V. plicatula, O. Anna,
Jaminia p., etc., Me.—Salcombe, Swansea, Dublin, Aberdeen,
Mc. Turreted. Narrow, thin.
6. O. inscutpra, Mont. (Turbo.) — Voluta, Jaminia, and O. ins.—
S. Devon, Oban, Hebrides, etc., R. Conical, ¢pirally striated.
7. O. patutpa, Mont. (Lurbo.)—Vol., Cingula, Phasianella p., O. am-
bigua.—S. Devon, Rr. Broad. ‘Tuin, pillar straight.
8. O. conomwEa, Brock.—Turbo, Odost., etc.—N. Scotland, Mc. S.
Devon, Mr. N.and 8. fu. White. Whorls straight ; throat
striated.
9. O. conspicua, Al/der.—Isl. Man, Whitburn, Herm. Coloured.
Whorls rounded ; throat striated.
10. O. rruncatua, Jeffreys—Plymouth. Hlongated.
1]. O. cytryprica, Alder. — Turbo nivosus 2—S. Devon, Ilfracombe,
Guernsey, Cork, R. Cylindrical, few whorls.
12, 13. O. EutimorpEs, Hanley.—O. crassa, O. pallida (var. f. 13),
O. notata.—Brit. co. generally. Coralline zone, Mr. Ample
body-whorl.
14. O. pusia, Jeffr.—S. Devon, Lerwick, Guernsey, Mr. Rather large
body-whorl.
15, 16. O. aLBa, Jeffreys, (and var.) —Swansea, Skye, Zetland, Guernsey,
Mr. ‘Thin, whorls rounded.
17. O. nitipa, Adder.—S. Devon. Littoral, Mc. Aperture differently
formed from No. 17.
18. O. Luxisu, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1859.—Guernsey. Sub-
littoral and coralline, Mc. Whorls tumid; a slight umbilicus.
19. O. ctaprata, Muhlfeldt, (Heliv.)—Rissou punctulum, ete.—Zet-
land, R. Pillar-lip thin, arched.
20. O. rissotpEes, Hanley.—O. scalaris.—Channel Isls., Devon, Corn-
wall, Tenby, ete., Mc. Thin, conical, no umbilicus.
21. O. atBetta, Lovén.— O. rissoides, var., B. M.— Guernsey, 8.
Devon, etc. Turreted, upper whorls more cylindrical than
No. 20.
22. O. optiqua, Alder.—Tynemouth, Guernsey, 7 fath. to deep water,
Rr. Thin, oblique.
i
Fig.
23. O. piapHana, Jeffr. Ann. Nat. Hist. New Ser. vol. nu. p. 841.—R.
Manifestly distinct from No. 22.
24. O. srrraLata, Adder. — Northumberland, Rr. Conical, striated.
25. O. minima, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1, 1858.
26. O. inverstinceta, Mont. (Turbo.)—T., O., Voluta, and Jaminia ca-
naliculata, oblonga, and obtusa.—Bnit. co. generally. Shallow
water, C. With longitudinal ribs.
27. O. porroLiroRMIs, Jefr.—Scarborough, Exmouth, Swansea, Tenby,
Rr., Scotland. Oval, body-whorl very tumid.
28. O. Warrenit, Thompson, (Rissoa.)—-Turbonilla and O. obliqua, O.
decorata.—Dublin, 8. Devon, W. Scotland, R. Turreted. Mouth
oblique ; an umbilicus; no fold or columella.
29. O. sprriatis, Mont. (Lurbo.)—-Voluta and Lissoa s., pellucida, and
plicatula.—Brit. co. generally, not deep, Mc. Whorls ribbed
longitudinally above, spirally beneath.
80. O. pecussata, Mont. (Turbo.)\—T. Helix, Rissoa and O. arenaria,
pellucida ?, and d.—Exmouth, Lerwick, etc., R. Ribbed and
spirally striated.
81. O. excavara, Phil. (Rissoa.)\—R., O., and Cingula Harveys and
Deshayesiana.—Dublin, Arran, Guernsey, R. Largely sculptured.
BRITISH SHELLS PL.XVIOL.
GB. Soweré
aN
7
PLATE XVIII,
TRITON.
, T. curaceus, Zinn.—Channel Isls., Rr. as Brit. Mr. Lukis’s spe-
cimen taken living off Guernsey.
. T. NopireRus, Zamk.— Guernsey; three living
specimens, one
incrusted with Lepralia coccinea (truly British). Mr. Jetfrey’s
specimen reduced.
Murex.
. M. erinaceus, Linn.—Purpura scalata, var. M. Tarentinus.—Brit,
co. generally; 5 to 30 fath., C. N.and 8. Ku.
. M. coratiinus, Scacchi.—Fusus and M. lavatus, inconspicuus, gyri-
nus, and badius 7—Channel Isls. and 8S. Hu., C,
M. rupts, See Zrophon.
PouRPURA.
. P. vapriius, Linn. (Buccinum.)—B. and P. filosum, imbricatum,
and dzzonalis.—In crevices on shores, Brit. co. generally, N,
and 8. Eu., C.
Lacuxssis.
. L. minima , Mont. (Buceinum.\—B. brunneum, B. rubrum, Nesea
granulata, mamillata, Fusus minimus, etc.—Channel Isls. and 8.
Brit., on shores, S. Eu.
Buccinum.
. B. Horsorti.—Mangelia H.—Cornwall, Rr.
8. B. unpatum, Linn.—B. striatum, anglicanum, pyramidale, impe-
14
riale, ete.—Brit. co. generally, shores, Cc. N. EH
iu. and Am.
. B. acuminatum, Brod.—B. undatum var., B. M.—Rv.
. B. crntatum, Fabr. (Tritonium.)—Shetland, deep water, R. More
thin than No. 9; with strie finer, and hairs of epidermis tufted
minutely.
. B. rustrorme, Brod.—Cork, Wexford, Rr. Turreted, fusiform,
white, ribbed, striated.
. B. Dauet, Sowerby.—B. ovum, Halia Flemingiana. — Torbay,
Northumberland, Aberdeen, etc., R. Ventricose.
. B. Humpureystanum, Bennett.—Tritonium H.—Cork, Skye, Ban-
try Bay, R. Light, smooth.
Fusus.
. . Berniciensis, King. — Northumberland, Rr.
open pink mouth.
Carinated, with
Fig.
15
16
ie
iS.
19.
ak
uP
a le
te
ve
F.
F.
NorveEGicus, Chemn. (Strombus.) — Tritonium n.—Scarhorough,
Durham, Rr. Oval, smooth, with large aperture.
antiquus, Linn. (Murex.) — M., B., and Tritonium despectus,
contrarius, carinatus, babylonicus, etc.—Various Brit. co., 5 to
30 fath., C.
ISLANDICUS, Chemu.—Murex corneus, Tritonium gracile, etc.—
Brit. co. generally ; 5 to 80 fath.; N. Eu., C. (See F. propinquus.)
Turtoni, Bean.—Yorkshire, Northumberland, 60 fath., Rr.
PRoPINQUUS, Alder.—F. corneus and islandicus, var.—N. Scot-
land, Bantry Bay, Northumberland, deep water, Mr. Shorter
than F” aslandicus, with deep suture and symmetrical spire.
TROPHON.
rupIs, Phil. (Fusus.)\—Murex r., Jeffreys—Tenby ; unique as
British. Whorls and ribs rounded.
muricatus, Moné.—Fusus and Murex m.—Brit. co. generally,
Channel Isls., 15 to 50 fath., Mr. Whorls angular, ribs inter-
sected,
SCALARIFORMIS, Gou/d.—Belfast, in sand, Rr. Ribs smooth.
. CLATHRATUS, Linn. (Murex.)\—Tritonium, Fusus, and Pleurotoma
Bamfius.—Inrish sea, Zetland, Mc. Ribs laminated.
. BARVICENSIS, Johnston.—Fusus and Tritonium 6.— Hebrides,
Cork, Northumberland, 60 fath., Mr. Ribs aculeated.
. a
q
Phe
¢ *
4
.
c
‘ i
.
BRITISH SHELLS, PL. XTX,
|
|
|
15
]
|
GB. Sowerby.
PLATE AIX.
Nassa,
Fig,
1, N. rericunata, Linn. (Buccinum,)—N, pullus, Tritonium r,—Brit.
and Ku. co, generally, Littoral, Ce.
2. N. rvorassata, Miller, (Bucoinum.)—N, and B. minutum, macula,
asperulum, etc,—Brit. shores generally, 0 to 50 fath., gravel, C,
3. N. pyvemma, Lamh. (Ranella.)—B. tuberculatum, Tritonia varicosa,
etc.—S, Brit, co., 8. Hu., 4 fath, to deep water, C, Small, with
white varices on the hody,
MANGELIA,
4, M. turricunata, Mont, (Murex.)—Bela, Fusus, and Pleurotoma
angulatus, etc.—Brit, co, generally, 3 to 100 fath., N. Eu., C,
Whorls flat above,
.M. Trevetuana, Zurt.—Pleurotoma, Bela, and M. reticulata, de-
eussata, and leucostoma.—Northumberland, Aberdeen, Zetland,
etc,, 15 to 40 fath., R. Whorls with angular slope above.
.M. nora, Mont. (Murex.)—F., M., and B, chordula, Ulideana
(var,), etc.—Brit. co. generally, Me.
. M. teres, Morbes, (Pleurotoma.)—P, boreale.—Various loc., 15 to
50 fath. S, Ku., Mr, Carinated, aperture deeply notched,
M. purpurea, Mont. (Murex.)\—Fusus and Pleu, p., Philberti vere
sicolor and variegatum,—Brit. co, gen., 3 to 60 fath,, C. 8, Bu,
.M. canceniata, Sowerby (Husus.)—M, purpurea var., P, asperrie
mus.—Cornwall, Cork, R. Sharply sculptured,
10. M. rericunatum, Brown, (Pleurotoma.)—M, cancellata var,—Shet-
land, Guernsey, Rr. Sculpture between 8 and 9; inner lip not
thickened, .
11. M. Levurroyi, Michaud, (Pleurotoma.)\—P., F., and M. inflata,
Boothii,—Arran, Orkneys, Guernsey, etc, ; 8. Bu., 5 to 60 fath.,
Me,
12. M. uinearis, Mont. (Murex.)—M., Pl., Fus. elegans, concinna,
etc,—Brit. co. generally, sand and shells, 1 to 80 fath.,C. |
18. M. scapra, Jeffreys, (Plewr.)—M. linearis var.—Guernsey, Ply-
mouth, R.
14, M. nusuta, Mont. (Murer.)—M.,P., and PF. Bertrandi, varians, and
pyramidatus.—Various places and depths, N. and S. Hu., C.
15. M. navieata, Phil, (Pleu.)—M. nebula var.—South Brit., 8. Hu.
Small, fusiform, shiny, banded.
16. M. Gurnntana, Phil. (Plew.)— M. nebula var. — Tenby, etc., Mr.
8. Eu. Whorls longer than No. 14.
17. M. pracuystoma, Phil, (Plew.)— M. tiarula and Clavatula b.—
Brit. co. gen., Mr. Turreted ; ribs crossed by raised lines.
cx
coe GO" SA
Fig.
18. M. nana, Lovén, (Tritonium.) — Fusus albus.—Lerwick, Zetland,
Orkneys, etc., 45 fath., and deep, R. Ventricose, cancellated.
19, 20. M. srrtonata, Scacchi, (Pleu.)—P. and Murex Smithu, Far-
ranti.—S. Devon, Clyde, Guernsey, Bantry, etc., Medit., R. as
Brit. Ribs angularly curved above.
21, 22. M. cosrata, Pennant, (Murex.)\—Buccinum, Fusus, Pl. c., ete. ;
var. f, 22, M. Metcalfer.—Brit co. generally, 5 to 50 fath., N. and
S. Eu., C. Body-whorl larger than No. 24.
23. M. coarcrata, Morbes.—Pl., M. costata var., B. M.—Distribution
as 21 and 22; not so common.
24. M. seprancutaris, Mont. (Murex.)—M., F., and Pl. costatus, hep-
tagona, ete.—Torbay, Bristol Channel, Forth, Galway, 5 to 30
fath., Mc.
25. M. arrenvata, Mont. (Murex.)\—M. aciculatus, Pl. gracilis, Vil-
liersit, etc.—S. Devon, Oban, Hebrides, Cork, etc., Mr. 8. Hu.
26. M. eractuis, Mont. (Murex.)—M. emarginatus, suturalis, elegans,
etc., S. Brit., Galway, S. Ku., Mr.
M. Hotsoiii. See Buccinum.
Erato.
27. KH. avis, Donovan, (Voluta.\—E., Marginella, Bulla, Volvaria,
and Columbella fusiformis, Cypraola, Donovani, Muscaria, etc.—
Brit. co. generally, 1 to 50 fath., Me.
CYPRAA.
28. C. suropmA, Mont.—Cypr. and Trivia, Pediculus arctica, bullata,
and diaphana.—Brit. co. generally, 0 to 50 fath., C.
o.
+O
BRITISH SHELLS PL.XX.
GB. Sowerby
PLATE XX.
~
‘TORNATELLA.
ig.
1. T. vasctata, Lamhk.—Voluta tornatilis, Linn., Bulimus ., 1. pele
lucida and pusilla (young).—Brit. co. generally. N. and S. Eu.
OvuLa.
2. O. patuta, Penn. (Bulla).—Exmouth, Arran, etc., 20 fath. S. Ku.
Wide aperture, Mc.
3. O. acuminata, Brug.—Bulla and Volvula a.—Loch Fyne, Lamlash,
Galway, etc., R. §S. Hu. Narrow, pointed.
CYLICHNA.
4, C. cy~tinpracea, Penn. (Bulla.\—Bullina and Volvaria c., oliva,
and wubilicata.—Brit. co. generally, C. N. and 8. Eu.
5. C. oprusa, Montagu (Bulla).— Utriculus, B. and C. Jerviscensis
and discors.—Brit. co. generally, C.
6.C. mamitiata, Philippi. — Bulla and Tornatina m. and trun-
catula.—lixm., Skye, Galway, etc., Mc. S. Ku. Spire sunk,
apex mamillated.
7. C. rruncata, Adams, (Bulla.)\—B. truncatula, retusa, semisulcata.
' —Brit. co. generally, C. N. and 8S. Eu.
8. C. nirrpuna, Lovén.—C. and Bulla n. and wmbilicata.—Skye,
Loch Fyne, etc., R. N. Eu. Elongated, oval.
9. C. conutus, Desh.—Zetland, Rr. Conical.
10. C. srriemia, Lovén.—C., Bulla, and Atys s. and ovulata.—Scot-
land, Mr. Spirally striated.
11. C. umprnicata, Mont. (Bulla).— Bullina and Volvaria u. and
subcylindrica.—Brit. co. gen., Mc. With umbilicated apex.
12, 18. C. Lasonxarreana, Basterot, (Bulla.)—Guernsey, R. Nar-
rower, and with more raised spire than C. obtusa.
AMPHISPIRA.
14. A. nyanina, Turt. (Bulla.) — A. diaphana and Utriculus pellu-
cidus, minutus, and candidus.—Scarborough, Weymouth, Cork,
etc. Littoral, Mc. N. Eu. Rather square.
15. A. Gnososa, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1859.—Skye.
AKERA.
16. A. puntata, Miller. — Bulla Akera, B. norvegica, B. resiliens,
fragilis, flewilis, Hanleyi.—Southampton, Zetland, Galway, ete.
Littoral, Mc. N. and 8, Ku.
Rig
19
20
Butta.
. B. Crancuit, Leach.—B. punctura and striata.—Brit. co. gen.
Devon, Aberdeen, Cork, etc., 50 to 100 fath., Mr. Spirally
puncto-striated.
. B. cornea, Lamk.—B. hydatis (as of Linn.), B. navicula, B. am-
pulla, Haminea hydatis.—South Brit. co., 0 to 50 fath., C. 8. Eu.
Broad, thin.
. B. uypatis, Linn.—Haminea elegans.—Guernsey and Mediterra-
nean. Narrower and more solid than B. cornea.
PuHitine.
. P. averta, Linn.—P. Bulla, Bullaa, and Lobaria a., quadripartita,
quadrilobata, and Planciana.—Bnit. co. gen.,C. S. Ku. Large,
smooth.
21. P. scapra, Miller. — Bulla and Scaphander scabra, pectinata,
dilatata, and catenulifera.—Northumberland, Zetland, Ireland,
etc., Mc., 5 to 50 fath. N. Eu. Oblong, serrated.
22. P. quaprata, §. Wood.—Bullea and P. scutulum.—Zetland, etc.,
10 to 100 fath., R. Striated.
. P. catena, Mont.—Bulla and Bullea c., angustata, and punctata.
—Brit. co. generally, Mr., 0 to 40 fath. Withchain-like sculpture.
. P. puncrata, Clark.—Bulla and Bull@a.—Devon, Swansea, Aber-
deen, Clare. In sand, 60 fath., Me. With punctured sculpture.
. P. prurnosa, Clark. — Bulla and Bulle@a. — Devon, Northumb.,
Hebrides, ete. Mud, 20 to 70 fath. N. Ku.
ScaAPHANDER.
. 8. Lignarius, Linn. (Bulla.) —B. oblonga.—Brit. co. generally.
1 to 50 fath. N. and S. Eu., C
_ 8. zonatus, Turt. (Bulla.)—Young specimen taken at Zetland by
Mr. Jeffreys, resembling older Norwegian specimens. More oval
than 8. dignarius. Spire umbilicated.
APLYSIA.
. A. HyBRIDA, Sowerby.— Laplysia depilans, A. depilans and punctata.
—Bnit. co. generally. Among seaweeds, 0 to 6 fath., C.
PLEUROBRANCHUS.
. P. MemBraNnacevs, Mont. (Lamellaria.) —Devon, Arran, Cork, ete.
Low-water, Mr. Broad, flexible.
. P. prumuta, Mont. (Bulla.)—Guernsey, Devon, Skye, etc. Littoral,
R. Narrow, less flexible.
SPIRULA.
8. Psronit.—Once taken near Swansea, imperfect.
BRITISH SHELLS PL.XNI.
GB Sowerbh>
PLATE XXI.
Limnaus. In and near fresh-water.
Fig.
iM 2. L. perEGER, Miller (Buecinum.)—Helix, Turbo, Bulimus, and
LL. putris, inflata, teres, lutea, limosa, ovata, vulgaris, marginata,
‘intermedia, lacustris, etc.—Springs and ponds, Ce.
3. L. staGnauis, Linn. (Helin. )—Buceinum, Turbo, ete., stagnalis,
Sragilis, and ma yor, etc.—Ponds, ete., not so generally as No. 1,
2, C.
4. L. patustris, Miller, (Bucc.)—Helix and L. fragilis, fontinalis,
stagnalis, ete.—Ditches, ponds, etc., C. Whorls more nume-
rous and less rapidly enlarged than No. 3.
5. L. auricutartius, Linn. (Helix.)—L., Helix, Buce., Turbo, Buli-
mus a., patulus, etc.—Near London, Swansea, etc., Mc. Aper-
ture very wide, and outer lip partially reflected.
. L. acutus, Jeffreys.—L. auricularius, var. B. M.—Oban, Clumber
Lake, Bloomfield, Kent, R. Apex sharp and tapering; aperture
smaller than No. 5.
7. L. rruncatuLus, Miller, (Buce.)—H., B.,and L.truncatus, fossarius,
minutus, limosus, etc.—Partly amphibious, generally diffused, C.
Small, spire equal to body..
8. L. exaser, Miller, (Buccinum.)\—H., B., and L. octanfracta, pere-
grina, elongata, octona, leucostoma, etc.—Fresh and_ brackish
marshes, Stafford, Somerset, York, etc., R. Spire longer than
aperture.
9. L. nvotutus, Harrey.— Amphipeplea 1.— Lake near Killarney,
Belfast, Rr. Spire almost covered.
10. L. exurinosus, Miller, (Buccinum.)—Helix, Amphipeplea, and L.
—Windermere, etc., Mr. Oval.
11. L. Burnerrt, A/der—Lakes in Dumfries and Breconshire. In-
flated ; spire flat; colour opaque-amber.
for)
Puyss. In and near fresh-water.
12. P. nypnorum, Linn. (Bulla.)\—Helix, Physa, Limnea, and Aplexa
turrita and marmorata. Pools and lakes, Brit. generally, C.
13. P. rontinatis, Linn. (Bulla.)\—Turbo, Planorbis, Bulimus, and Ph.
adversus, bulla, bulloides, and fluviatilis. — Brit. pools, lakes,
and ditches, C.
Awncytus. In fresh-water.
14, 15. A. rruviatitis, Wiiller.— Patella lacustris — Running streams,
on stones and plants generally, C. Oval, apex turned to left.
Fig.
16,17. A. optoneus, Lightfoot, (Patella.)— A. and P. lacustris.
More lacustrine than No. 14, Mc. Oblong, apex turned to
night.
Pranorsis. In fresh-water.
18. P. corneus, Linn. (Helix.)—P. and H. cornu-arietis, purpureus,
and similis, P. nana (young).—Ponds and ditches generally, C.
19. P. atsus, Miller—Helix and P. hispidus, hirsutus.—Distribu-
tion general, C. Finely ciliated in lines.
20. P. euaBeEr, Jeffreys.—P. levis, Alder.—Penzance, Falmouth, Swan-
sea, Belfast, etc., Mr.
21. P. nautinuus, Linn. (Helia.)—P. imbricatus, Miiller; P. cristatus,
Turbo nautileus, etc., Mc. With horny ridges.
22. P. conrortus, Linn. (Helix.)—P.and H. crassa, wnbilicata.—Distri-
bution general, C. Numerous close whorls; aperture semi-lunar.
23. P. carinatus, Miller—Hehx Planorbis, Linn.; P. planata and
Zutescens.—Generally distr., C. Whorls more rapidly increased
than No. 24; keel more distinct.
24, P. mMarainatus, Drap.—H. Planorbis, H., P. limbata, complanata,
Draparnaldi turgidus, rhombeus, ete. —Distr. gen., C. Whorls
more rhomboidal than 23.
25. P. Vortex, Linn. (Heliv.)—Pl. compressa.—Distr. gen.,C. Many
whorls, very compressed.
26. P. sprrorsis, Linn. (Heliv.)—P. vorter, var.—Distr. general, C.
Fewer whorls than No. 25; mouth not angular.
27. P. nivipus, Miller.—Heliz and P. fontanus, complanatus, and len-
ticularis.—Most parts of Brit., Mc. Very compressed.
28. P. nacustris, Lightfoot.—P. nitidus, var., Segmentina lineata, P.
nautileus and clausulatus.—Ponds and ditches near London, etc.,
Mc. With internal divisions; lower disc flat.
SHELES Pi. SX.
BRITIS EH
N
4s
@
a
73 IG
|
i
74
GB. Sower3
PLATE XXII.
Annee
Succrnea. Amphibious.
Fig.
1. 8. purris, Lenn. (Helix.)—H., §., and Limnea Suecinea and am-
phibia.—On plants by the side of rivers, ditches, etc., C. Rather
oval in form.
2.8. eracitis, Alder.— 8. putris, var. gracilis, 8S. amphibia, var.
Pfeifferi.—By sides of streams and in damp meadows, C. EHlon-
gated, with spire produced.
3.8. optonea, Drap. — Helix elongata, Amphibulina o. and e.—
Swansea, Glasgow, etc. Sometimes at a distance from water, R.
Spire with more distinct whorls.
Conovutus. Partly marine, amphibious.
4. C. sipentatus, Mont. (Voluta.)—C., N., Acteon, and Auricula alba
(var.) and evosa.—Salt-water marshes, and on rocks near high-
water mark all round our coasts, C. No tooth on outer lip.
5. C. Mysoris, Drap.—C. denticulatus, var., etc.—Brackish marshes,
Thames, etc., C. Outer lip with one tooth.
6. C. penticuLatus, Mont. (Voluta.)\—C., V., Auricula, and Actaon
ringens, reflera (var. f. 7), Mysotis, and personata.—Numerous
places, near the sea, C. Outer lip with many teeth.
7. C. rerLexus.—Auricula refleva, C. denticulatu, var. Jeffreys.
CaRryYCHIUM.
co
_C. mintuum, Miller —Turbo Carychium, Auricula minima.—Moist
places, wet Mosses, etc. Generally distr., C.
Limax. Land Slug, with shell under shield.
9. L. ctnerzus, Wiiller—L. maximus, maculatus, Limacella parma.
Brit. gen., C.; Ku. Shell oval, large, thin.
10. L. agrustis, Miiller.—L. concava and obliquus.—Brit. gen., C.
Foss cr. Shell small, oblique.
11. L. srunnevs, Drap.— L. concava.— Under stones, etc. Shell
minute, square.
12. L. rtavus, Linn. — Limacella unguiculata and variegata. — The
large Cellar Slug. Shell thick, rather square.
TrstaceLLa. Slug with shell or tail.
13. T. Maven, Férussac.—Clifton, Taunton, Plymouth, Swansea, etc.,
Mr. Large, and more square than 14.
VirrinA. Shell not including the whole Slug.
Fig.
14. T. natioroiEa, Drap.—T. europea, T. scutulum. — Near London.
Channel Isls., etc., Me.
15. V. pexiuctpa, Willer, (Heliv.)—H. diaphana, Helicolimax, Limacina
major, etc.—Various parts of the country, under stones, etc., Mc.
Ku. Very transparent.
16. V. Draparnatpl, Jeffreys.—V. oblonga, H. brevipes ?—Less glo-
bular than 15, R.
Zontrus. ‘Transparent, thin-edged Snails.
17, 18. Z. certarius, Willer, (Helix.)—H. and Z. lucida and nitens.—
Brit. gen., C.
19, 20. Z. nivipus, Miller, (Helix.)—H. and Z. nitens, lucida, tenuis,
Succinea, etc. — Less depressed than 17, 18, with larger um-
bilicus.
21. Z. crystaLiinus, Miller, (Helix.)\—H., Z., Discus, and “ Polita’ c.,
eburnea, vitrea.—In damp spots, among stones and Moss. Minute,
white, transparent.
22. Z. nitripuLus, Drap.—Generally distributed, Mc. Mouth oblique.
Umbilicus small.
23, 24. Z. attarius, Miller, (Heliv.) —H. and Z. glabra, alliacea, nitens,
tenera, lurida, etc.—Distr. gen., C. Smaller and more convex
than 17, 18.
25. Z. excavatus, Bean, (Helix.)\—H. and G. nitida, lucida, ete.—
Durham, Northumberland, Galway, ete., Mc. Umbilicus very
large.
IBS ceils ii rapiatuLus, Alder, (Heliw.) — Distr. gen., C. Striated,
minute.
28, 29. Z.purus, Alder, (Helix.) —H.andZ. polita,and Helicella nitidosa,
electrina, ete.—Most common North Engl. Whorls less close
and more oblique than 21.
BRITISH
XCXOUET
PLATE XXIII.
e Hetrx. Snails with thickened lips.
g
1. H. pisana, Miiller—H. zonaria, cingenda, rhodostoma, strigata,
albella.—Cornwall, 8. Wales, Dublin, C. 8S. and N. Eu.
2. H. aspersa, Wiiller.—H. grisea, hortensis, variegata, vulgaris, ete.
—Common in all our gardens and hedges.
3. H. vireata, Costa. — H. variabilis, ericetorum, zonaria, etc. —In
sandy and chalky places, C. More compressed than No. 1.
4. H. cantrana, Mont.—ZH. pallida, ete.—South and west Engl., C.
5. H. pricerorum, Miller.—H. itala, striata, albella, erica, nivea,
cespita, ete.—Chalky and sandy places, C. Depressed, delicately
banded ; large umbilicus.
6. H. ruruscens, Pennant.—H. rufina, montana, calata, clandestina,
etc.—Most common in southern, chalky and limestone districts.
Depressed, striated; whorls slightly angular. Generally lighter
than our figure, sometimes nearly white.
7. H. waprcrpa, Linn.—H. acuta, affinis, Carocolla t—Chalk and
limestone districts, C. S. and N. Hu. Sharply angular.
8, 9. H. nispipa, Linn.—H. rufescens, sericea, concinna (var. without
hairs), etc., plebeia. — All parts of Brit., C. More depressed
than H. sericea, with larger umbilicus.
10. H. rusca, Mont.—H. subrufescens.—Brit. gen., Mc.
11. H. sericua, Drap.—H. hispida, globularis, granulata, etc.—Gra-
nulated, hairy. Mouth wider than 8. Small umbilicus.
12. H. opvotura, Miiller.—H. trigonophora, ete.—Ditcham Wood,
Hampshire. In Moss at roots of trees, Rr.
13. H. runva, Miiller.— H. terrestris, trochiformis, nitidula, etc.—
Pretty general and common. Conical, minute, transparent.
14. H. pomatra, Zinn.—Southern chalky districts, 8. Eu., C.
15. H. capgrata, Mont.—H. striata, H. crenulata, etc.—Chalk-pits,
etc., C.
16. H. carruustana, Miiller.—H. nitida, carthusianella, rufilabris, etc.
—Chalk-districts of Surrey and Kent, C.
17, 18. H. nemorauis, Linn.—ZH. hortensis, fasciata, hybrida, ete.—Ce.
A peculiar flattening near the base of aperture.
19. H. arpustorum, Zinn —Common and general. Brown-marbled.
Edge of aperture different from 17, 18.
20, 21. H. rorunpata. — H. radiata, Turtoni, etc. —Common and
general.
22, 23. H. putcnensa, Miller.—H1. costata, paludosa, crenella, minuta,
etc.—Common and general under stones, etc.
24. H. revetata, Pérussac. — Cornwall, Devon, Torquay, Guernsey.
Rare. A transparent, greenish, hairy shell.
Fig.
27
28
. H. aperra. — H. neritoides, naticoides, etc. — A single specimen
found in Guernsey. Not uncommon in S. Ku. Our specimen
is foreign.
. H. umpruicata, Mont. — H. rupestris, etc. — On perpendicular
heights and under stones, C.
. H. pyemma, Drap.— H. minuta, etc.—Common in damp places.
. H. tamewyara, Jeffreys.—H. Scarburgensis, seminulum.—Bnit. and
Germany, C.
. H. acuneata, Miller. — H. spinulosa, ete. — Among Moss and
stones, etc., C. General.
SHELLS PL.XXIV.
BRITISH
GE Sow erb y
PLATE XXIV.
eee
= Butrmus. Long Snail.
rig.
1. B. Lacknamensts, Mont.—B. montanus, Montacuti, Eua montana.
—Kent, Surrey, Gloucester, Selborne, N. and S. Eu., R. as Brit.
Shagreened.
2. B. opscurus, Miiller.—Turbo rupium, B. hordaceus, etc.—C. and
general. Surface smooth.
3, 4. B. acutus, Miiller—Helix barbara, B. cretacea, articulatus,
Turbo fasciatus, etc.—On sand and limestone in marine neigh-
bourhoods, C.
Pura. Small Snails, among Moss, stones, etc.
5. P. secate, Drap.—Turbo, Helix, Chondrus, and Vertigo junipert
and cylindricus.—S. Engl., Channel Isls., C. S. Hu. Larger
and more tapering than the other sp.
6. P. umpinicata, Drap.—Turbo, Bulimus, Helix, and P. muscorum,
cylindraceus, bidentata, etc.—C. and general, Eu. Mouth oblique,
long, one tooth.
7. P. muscorum, Linn.—T., P., H., B. marginata, chrysalis, uniden-
tatus, etc.—C. and gen. A rib behind the outer lip.
8. P. anenica, Mérussac.—Vertigo, Turbo, and P. a. and ringens.—
Scarborough, Newcastle, Guernsey, etc., Mr. More cylindrical
than 5.
9. P. epentuta, Drap.—ZH. exigua, Vertigo, Helix, and Jamimia e.,
nitida, ete.—C. and gen. No teeth in aperture ; smooth.
10. P. mrnutissima, Hartmann.—P., Vertigo, Alaa cylindrica, obtusa,
muscorum, etc.—Bristol, Salisbury, Skye, etc., R. as Brit.; C. in
S. Eu. No teeth in aperture; striated.
11, 12. P. pyemaa, Drap.—P., T., V., H., Alaa, etc., sexdentatus,
quinquedentatus, vulgaris, etc.—The lighter variety, P. alpestris,
C. and general. Four or five teeth.
13. P. sussrriava, Jeffreys.—Vertigo, Turbo, Alaa se«dentata, curta, etc.
—C. and gen. Very cylindrical; six teeth; striated.
14. P. antrvertico, Drap.—P., V., Alea octodentata, septemdentata,
palustris, etc. — Near Swansea and London; Bristol, Devon,
Northumberland, Ayr, Mr. Ireland. Aperture subtrigonal,
eight or nine teeth.
15. P. pusttna, Miiller—Helix vertigo, and V. heterostropha. —S.
Wales, Northumberland, Belfast, etc., Mc. Sinistral, with seven
teeth.
16. P. Venerzu, Charpentier—Turbo, Vertigo, and P. vertigo and angus-
tior.—Swansea, Cork, Clare, R. Sinistral; four teeth and a
flat fold on columella.
Fig
22
25
BALEA.
1720p: FRAGILIS, Drap. (Pupa.)—Bulimus, Pupa, Clausilia f., perversus.
—C. and gen. Under bark on trees, and under stones.
CruavsItiA. With a twisted clausium on columella.
.C. raminata, Mont.—Helix, Turbo, Bulimus, and Pupa bidens and
perversus and derugata.—S. Brit. principally. Among dead
leaves, and on Beech-trunks, Mc. Smooth, broad.
. C. ntertcans, Maton and Rackett.—Strombiformis, Turbo, and Odo-
stomia perversus, bidens, parvula, ete.—C. and gen. ; under stones,
on walls and trees, etc. Narrow, striated.
_C. Brpyicata, Mont.—Heli2, Turbo, Odost., C. perversa, plicata,
ventricosa, ete.—Near London, etc., Mc. Two folds on columella.
.C. prrcaruna, Drap.—Turbo and C. conversus.——Charlton Wood,
Kent, Hastings, Gloucestershire, etc., R. Numerous plaits on
columella above fold.
ZUA.
.Z. tusrica, Miller, (Helix.)\—Turbo, Bulimus l., subcylindrica,
muscorum, etc.—C. and gen. Among leaves and under stones.
AZECA.
. A. rrIDENS, Pulteney, (Turbo.)—Helix, Pupa and Cionella Goodalti,
Britannica, etc.—C. and general. Habits as Zwa and Pupa.
ACHATINA.
. A. actcuta, Miiller.—Buccinum, Bulimus, Helix octona, terrestre,
etc.—In marshy places, among Grass, etc., C. S. Hu.
Cyctostoma. Snail with operculum.
. C. evrcans, Miller, (Nerita.)—Turbo reflerus, T. tumidus, striatus,
elegans.—Chalky districts of S. Engl., C.
Acme. Cylindrical Snail with operculum.
A. tingata, Drap. (Auricula.)—Turbo, Carychium, Cyclostoma,
Bulimus fuscus, Cochlea minuta.—Bristol, Pembroke, Clare,
Dublin, etc., R.
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