THE
INDIAN CALENDAR
THE
INDIAN CALENDAR
WITH TABLES FOR THE CONVERSION OF HINDU AND
MUHAMMADAN INTO A.D. DATES, AND VICE VERSA
BY
ROBERT SEWELL
Late of Her Majesty's Indian Cir/7
AND
SANKARA BALKRISHNA DIKSHIT
• •
Training College, Piwna.
WITH TABLES OF ECLIPSES VISIBLE IN INDIA
BY
DR. ROBERT SCHRAM
Of Vienna.
LONDON
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & Co., LTD.
PATERNOSTER SQUARE
1896
I
CE
39
Printed at the Motley Press, Amsterdam.
,
PREFACE
i.
Tins Volume is designed for the use, not only of those engaged in the dccyplierment
of Indian inscriptions and the compilation of Indian history, but also of Judicial Courts and
Government Offices in India. Documents bearing dates prior to those given in any existing
almanack are often produced before Courts of Justice as evidence of title; and since forgeries,
many of them of great antiquity, abound, it is necessary to have at hand means for testing
and verifying the authenticity of these exhibits. Within the last ten years much light has been
thrown on the subject of the Indian methods of time-reckoning by the publications of Professor
Jacobi, Dr. Schram, Professor Kielhorn, Dr. Fleet, Pandit Sankara Balkrishna Uikshit, and others ;
but these, having appeared only in scientific periodicals, are not readily accessible to officials in
India. The Government of Madras, therefore, desiring to have a summary of the subject with
Tables for ready reference, requested me to undertake the work. In process of time the scheme
was widened, and in its present shape it embraces the whole of British India, receiving in that
capacity the recognition of the Secretary of State for India. Besides containing a full explanation
of the Indian chronological system, with the necessary tables, the volume is enriched by a set
of Tables of Eclipses most kindly sent to me by Dr. Robert Schram of Vienna.
In the earlier stages of my labours I had the advantage of receiving much support and
assistance from Dr. J. Burgess (late Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India) to
whom I desire to express my sincere thanks. After completing a large part of the calculations
necessary for determining the elements of Table I., and drawing up the draft of an introductory
treatise, I entered into correspondence with Mr. Saiikara Balkrishna Dikshit, with the result that,
after a short interval, we agreed to complete the work as joint authors. The introductory treatise
is mainly his, but I have added to it several explanatory paragraphs, amongst others those
relating to astronomical phenomena.
Tables XIV. and XV. were prepared by Mr. T. Lakshmiah Naidu of Madras.
It is impossible to over-estimate the value of the work done by Dr. Schram, which renders
it now for the first time e^sy for anyone to ascertain the incidence, in time and place, of every
solar eclipse occurring in India during the past 1600 years, but while thus briefly noting his services
in the cause of science, I cannot neglect this opportunity of expressing to him my gratitude for his
kindness to myself.
vl PREKACK.
I must also tender my warm thanks for much invaluable help to Mr. H. H. Turner, Savilian
Professor of Astronomy at Oxford, to Professor Kielhorn, C.I.E., of Gottingen, and to Professor
Jacobi.
The Tables have been tested and re-tested, and we believe that they may be safely relied
on for accuracy. No pains have been spared to secure this object.
R. SEWELL.
II.
It was only in September, 1893, that I became acquainted with Mr. R. Sewell, after he
had already made much progress in the calculations necessary for the principal articles of
Table I. of this work, and had almost finished a large portion of them.
The idea then occurred to me that by inserting the a, b, c figures (cols. 23, 24, and 25
of Table I.) which Mr. Sewell had already worked out for the initial days of the luni-solar years,
but had not proposed to print in full, and by adding some of Professor Jacobi's Tables published
in the Indian Antiquary, not only could the exact moment of the beginning and end of all luni-
solar tithis be calculated, but also the beginning and ending moments of the nakshatra, yoga,
and karana for any day of any year; and again, that by giving the exact moment of the Mesha
sankranti for each solar year the exact European equivalent for every solar date could also be
determined. I therefore proceeded to work out the details for the Mesha sankrantis, and then
framed rules and examples for the exact calculation of the required dates, for this purpose
extending and modifying Professor Jacobi's Tables to suit my methods. Full explanation of the
mode of calculation is given in the Text. The general scheme was originally propounded by
Largeteau, but we have to thank Professor Jacobi for his publications which have formed
the foundation on which we have built.
My calculation for the moments of Mesha sankrantis, of mean intercalations of months
(Mr. Sewell worked out the true intercalations), and of the samvatsaras of the cycle of Jupiter
were carried out by simple methods of my own. Mr. Sewell had prepared the rough draft of
a treatise giving an account of the Hindu and Muhammadan systems of reckoning, and collecting
much of the information now embodied in the Text. But I found it necessary to re-write this,
and to add a quantity of new matter.
I am responsible for all information given in this work which is either new to European
scholars, or which diners from that generally received by them. All points regarding which
any difference of opinion seems possible are printed in footnotes, and not in the Text. They
are not, of course, fully discussed as this is not a controversial work.
Every precaution has been taken to avoid error, but all corrections of mistakes which
may have crept in, as well as all suggestions for improvement in the future, will be gladly and
thankfully received.
S. BALKRISHNA DIKSHIT.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PART I.
The Hindu Calendar.
Page
Art. I. Introductory I
Elements and Definitions.
Art. 4. The panchanga 2
,, 5. The vara, or week day 2
Days of the week 2
„ 6. Time divisions 2
Subdivisions of the day 2
„ 7. The tithi, amavasya, purnima 3
„ 8. The nakshatra 3
9. The yoga 3
,, 10. The karana 3
„ ii. The paksha 4
,, 12. Lunar months 4
„ 13. Amanta and purnimanta systems 4
„ 14. Luni-solar month names 5
„ 15. The solar year, tropical, sidereal, and anomalistic 5
„ 1 6. The Kalpa. Mahayuga. Yuga. Julian Period 6
,, 17. Siddlidnta year-measurement 6
„ 1 8. Siddhantas now used for the same 7
The Siddhantas and other Astronomical Works.
Art. 19. Siddhantas, Karanas, blja, Hindu schools of astronomers ... 7
„ 20. Note on the Siddhantas, and their authors and dates .... 7
,, 21. Authorities at present accepted by Hindus 9
Fnrtlier details. Contents of the Panchanga.
Art. 22. The Indian Zodiac, rasi, arhsa -9
,, 23. The Sankrantis. Names given to solar months 9
„ 24. Length of months to
Duration of solar months. Table 10
„ 25. Adhika masas. Calendar used 11
,, 26. True and mean sankrantis. Sodhya 1 1
V11I TABLE OK CONTENTS.
Page
Art. 28. The beginning of a solar month 12
Rule I. (a) The midnight Rule (Bengal).
„ I. (b) The any-time Rule (Orissa).
„ II. (a) The sunset Rule (Tamil).
„ II. (b) The afternoon Rule (Malabar).
„ 29. Panchangs, tithis 13
„ 30. Extract from an actual panchanga 13
The Ahargana 16
„ 31. Correspondence of tithis and solar days 16
Performance of religious ceremonies, sraddhas, vratas . . . . 17
., 32. Adhika and kshaya tithis 17
,, 34. Variation on account of longitude . . 18
., 35. Examples of the same 19
,, 36. True and mean time 19
Mean sun, mean moon, true and mean sunrise 19
,, 37. Basis of calculation for the Tables 20
Elements of uncertainty 20
„ 38. Nakshatras 21
Yoga-taras. Equal and unequal space systems. Garga and Brahma
Siddhanta systems 21
Table. Longitude of Ending-points of Nakshatras 22
,, 39. Auspicious Yogas 22
,, 40. Karanas 23
„ ^oa. Eclipses 23
Oppolzer's Canon. Note by Professor Jacobi 23
,, 41 Lunar months and their names • . 24
Season-names, star-names 24
„ 42 — 44. Modern names of, derived from the nakshatras 24
Table shewing this derivation 25
„ 45. Adhika and kshaya masas. Rules 25
Table 26
„ 46. Their names. Rules 26
„ 47. Their determination according to true and mean systems .... 27
Change of practice about A.D. 1 100 . . 27
Sripati. Bhaskaracharya 28
„ 48. Rules given in another form . • -28
,, 49. Different results by different Siddliantas 29
„ 50. Some peculiarities in the occurrence of adhika and kshaya masas . 29
„ 51. Intercalation of months by purnimanta scheme 30
Years and Cycles.
„ 52. The Hindu New Year's Day in solar and luni-solar reckoning . . 31
When the first month is intercalary 32
Differs in different tracts 32
,, 53. The sixty-year cycle of Jupiter 32
\
TAl IX
w
Page
Art. 54 — 55. Kshaya samvatsaras 33
„ 56 — 57. Variations in expunction of samvatsaras 33
Jyotiska-tattva Rule 33
„ 58. To find the current sanvatsara 34
,, 59. Rules for the same 34
(a) By the Surya Siddkanta 34
(b) By the Arya Siddkanta 34
(c) By the Siirya Siddhanta with the bija 35
(d) Briliatsai'nliita and Jyotishatattva Rules 35
„ 60. List of Expunged Samvatsaras by different authorities. Table . . 36
„ 61. Earliest use of Jupiter's cycle 36
,, 62. The southern (luni-solar) sixty-year cycle 36
„ 63. The twelve-year cycle of Jupiter 37
Two kinds of Do 37
„ 64. The Graha-paravritti and Onko cycles 37
PART II.
The Various Eras.
Art. 65. General remarks 39
„ 66. Importation of eras into different tracts 39
,. 67. Examples of Do 39
„ 68. Eras differently treated by the same author 39
,, 69. Only one safe deduction 40
„ 70. Current and expired years. Explanation 40
„ 71. Description of the several eras 40
The Kali-Yuga 40
The Saptarshi Kala Era 41
The Vikrama Era . 41
The Christian Era 42
The Saka Era 42
The Chedi or Kalachuri Era 42
The Gupta Era 43
The Valabhi Era 43
The Bengali San . _-43
The Vilayati Year 43
The Amli Era of Orissa 43
The Fasali Year 44
The Luni-solar Fasali Year 44
The Mahratta Sur San, or Shahur San ... -45
The Harsha Kala -45
The Magi San 45
The Kollam Era, or Era of Parasurama . - 45
The Nevar Era 45
The Chalukya Era 46
The Siiiiha Samvat 46
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page
The Lakshmana Sena Era 46
The Ilahi Era 46
The Mahratta Raja Saka Era 47
Art. 72. Names of Hindi and N. W. Fasali moqghs 47
PART III.
Description and Explanation of the Tables.
Art. 73—102. Table I. (general) 47
Art. 80. "Lunation-parts" or "tithi indices ", or " t. " explained. 49
„ 81. Relation of " tithi-index " and " tithi-part " .... 50
,, 82. To convert " t." into solar time 5°
„ 83 — 86. Lunar conditions requisite for the intercalation or
suppression of a month 5°
„ 87. Reasons for adopting tithi-index notation 51
„ 90. Method for arriving at correct intercalated and suppressed
months 52
„ 91. Plan of work adopted for Table 1 52
„ 96. Moments of Mesha-sankranti differ according to Arya and
Surya Siddhantas 54
Table shewing difference 55
„ 102. a, b, c, (cols. 23, 24, 25) fully explained 56
Table. Increase of a, b, c, in a year and in a day . 57
„ 103. Table II., Parts i. and ii. Correspondence ofamantaand purnimanta
months, a^d of months in different eras 57
„ 104. Table II., Part iii. Do. of years of different eras 58
Rules for conversion of a year of one era into that of another . 58
,, 105. Table III. (Collective duration of months) ...... 59
„ 1 06. Tables IV., V. (w, a, b, c for every day in a year, and for hours
and minutes) 59
„ 107 — no. Tables VI., VII. (Lunar and solar equations of the centre . 60
Equation of the centre explained .60
„ in. Tables VIII., VIIlA., VIIlB '. 62
„ 112—117. Tables IX. to XVI 62
PART IV.
Use of the Tables.
Art. 1 1 8. Purposes for which the Tables may be used 62
„ 119. To find the corresponding year and month of other eras ... 63
,, 1 20. To find the samvatsara 63
„ 121. To find the added or suppressed month 63
„ 122 — 129. To convert a Hindu date into a date A.D. and vice versa . 63
By methods A, B, or C 63
„ 131 — 133. To find the nakshatra, yoga, and karana current on any date 64
Explanation of work for nakshatras and yogas 64
134. To convert a solar date into a luni-solar date, and vice versa . 65
TABLE OK CONTENTS. XI
Page
Art. 135 — 136. Details for work by Method A 65
Art. 135. (A) Conversion of a Hindu solar date into a date A. D. 65
(B) Do. of a date A.D. into a Hindu solar date . . 66
,, 136. (A) Do. of a Hindu luni-solar date into a date A.D. 67
(B) Do. of a date A.D. into a Hindu luni-solar date 68
„ 137 — 138. Details for work by Method B 69
Art. 137. (A) Conversion of Hindu dates into dates A.D. . . 69
(a) Luni-solar Dates 70
(b) Solar Dates 73
,, 138. (B) Conversion of dates A.D. into Hindu dates . . 74
(a) Luni-solar Dates 75
(b) Solar Dates 76
„ 139 — 1 60. Details for work by Method C 77
Art. 139. (A) Conversion of Hindu luni-solar dates into dates A.D. 77
„ 142. A clue for finding when a tithi is probably repeated
or expunged 78
,, 144. To find the moment of the ending of a tithi ... 78
,, 145. Do. of its beginning 78
„ 149. (B) Conversion of Hindu solar dates into dates A.D. 86
„ 150. (c) Conversion into dates A.D. of tithis which are
coupled with solar months 89
„ 1 5 1. (D) Conversion of dates A.D. into Hindu luni-solar dates 90
„ 152. (E) Conversion of dates A.D. into Hindu solar dates . 93
,, 153. (F) Determination of Karanas 96
,, 156. (c) Do. of Nakshatras 97
„ 159. (H) Do. of Yogas • . . . . 97
,, 1 60. (i) Verification of Indian dates 98
PART V.
The Muhammadan Calendar.
Art. 161. Epoch of the Hijra 101
„ 162. Leap-years 102
„ 163. The months. Table 102
„ 164. A month begins with the heliacal rising of the moon .... 102
„ 165. Occurrence of this under certain conditions 103
„ 166. Difference in,— caused by difference in longitude 103
„ 167. Days of the Week. Table 103
,, 1 68. Compensation for New Style in Europe 103
„ 169. Rules for conversion of a date A.H. into a date A.D. . . . 104
„ 170. Rules for conversion of a date A.D. into a date A.H. . . . 105
Dr. Burgess's Perpetual Muhammadan Calendar
XII
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Table
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
VIII A.
VIII B.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
Page
i to cii.
ciii to cvi.
cvii.
cviii to ex.
cxi.
cxii.
cxii.
cxiii.
cxiv.
cxiv, cxv.
cxvi, cxvii.
cxviii.
cxix, cxx.
cxxi.
cxxii.
cxxiii.
cxxiv, cxxiva.
cxxv, cxxxvi.
APPENDIX.
Eclipses of the Sun in India by Dr. Robert Schram.
Table A
„ B
„ C
D .
109 to 1 16.
117 to 127.
128 to 137.
138-
139 to 148.
Additions and Corrections
Index
149 to 161.
163 to 169.
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
PART I.
THE HINDU CALENDAR.
1. IN articles 118 to 134 below are detailed the various uses to which this work may
be applied. Briefly speaking our chief objects are three; firstly, to provide simple methods for
converting any Indian date — luni-solar or solar — falling between the years A.D. 300 and 1900
into its equivalent date A.D., and vice versa, and for finding the week-day corresponding to any
such date; secondly, to enable a speedy calculation to be made for the determination of the re-
maining three of the five principal elements of an Indian panchaiiga (calendar), viz., ft&nakshatra,
yoga, and karana, at any moment of any given date during the same period, whether that date be
given in Indian or European style; and thirdly, to provide an easy process for the verification of
Indian dates falling in the period of which we treat.
2. For securing these objects several Tables are given. Table I. is the principal Table,
the others are auxiliary. They are described in Part III. below. Three separate methods are
given for securing the first of the above objects, and these are detailed in Part IV.
All these three methods are simple and easy, the first two being remarkably so, and it is these
which we have designed for the use of courts and offices in India. The first method (A) (Arts. 135, 136)
is of the utmost simplicity, consisting solely in the use of an eye-table in conjunction with
Table I., no calculation whatever being required. The second (B) is a method for obtaining
approximate results by a very brief calculation (Arts. 137, 138) by the use of Tables I., III. and
IX. The result by both these methods is often correct, and it is always within one or two days
of the truth, the latter rarely. Standing by itself, that is, it can always, provided that the era
and the original bases of calculation of the given date are known, be depended on as being
within two days of the truth, and is often only one day out, while as often it is correct.
When the week-day happens to be mentioned in the given date its equivalent, always under
the above proviso, can be fixed correctly by either of these methods. ' The third method (C)
1 See Art. 126 below.
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
is a method by which entirely correct results may be obtained by the use of Tables I. to XI.
(. Irts. 1 39 to 1 60), and though a little more complicated is perfectly simple and easy when once studied
and understood. From these results the nakshatra, yoga, and karana can be easily calculated.
3. Calculation of a date may be at once begun by using Part IV. below, but the process
will be more intelligible to the reader if the nature of the Indian calendar is carefully explained
to him beforehand, for this is much more intricate than any other known system in use.
Elements and Definitions.
4. The panchaiiga. The panchahga (calendar), lit. that which has five (pancha) limbs
(angas). concerns chiefly five elements of time-division, viz., the vara, tithi, nakshatra, yoga
and karana.
5. The vara or week-day. The natural or solar day is called a savana divasa in Hindu
Astronomy. The days are named as in Europe after the sun, moon, and five principal planets, l
and are called varas (week-days), seven of which compose the week, or cycle of varas. A vara
begins at sunrise. The week-days, with their serial numbers as used in this work and their
various Sanskrit synonyms, are given in the following list. The more common names are given
in italics. The list is fairly exhaustive but does not pretend to be absolutely so.
Days of the Week.
1. Sunday. Adi, 2 Aditya, Ravi, Ahaskara, Arka, Aruna, Bhattaraka, Aharpati,
Bhaskara, Bradhna, Bhanu etc.
2. Monday. Soma, Abja, Chandramas, Chandra, Indu, Nishpati, Kshapakara, etc.
3. Tuesday. Mangala, Angaraka, Bhauma, Mahisuta, Rohitanga.
4. Wednesday. Budha, Baudha, Rauhineya, Saumya.
5. Thursday. Guru, Angirasa, Brihaspati, Dhishana, Suracharya, Vachaspati, etc.
6. Friday. Sukra, Bhargava, Bhrigu, Daityaguru, Kavya, Usanas, Kavi.
7. s Saturday. Sani, Sauri, Manda.
Time-Divisions.
6. The Indian time-divisions. The subdivisions of a solar day (savana divasa) are as follow :
A prativipala (sura) is equal to 0.006 of a second.
60 prativipalas make I vipala (para, kashtha-kala) = 0.4 of a second.
60 vipalas do. i pala (vighati, vinadi) = 24 seconds.
60 palas do. i ghatika (ghati, danda, nadi, nadika) = 24 minutes.
60 ghatikas do. i divasa (dina, vara, vasara) = I solar day.
Again
10 vipalas do. i prana = 4 seconds.
6 pranas do. i pala — 24 seconds.
It seems almost certain that both systems had a common origin in Chaldcra. The first is the day of the sun, the second
of the moon, the third uf Mars the fourth of Mercury, the fifth of Jupiter, the sixth of Venus, the seventh of Saturn. [R. S.]
The word nir« is t,, be affixed to each of these names; Savi = Sun, Ravivdra = Sunday.
8 In the Table, for convenience of addition, Saturday is styled 0.
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 3
7. The tithi, ainavasya, puniiiiM. The moment of new moon, or that point of time
when the longitudes of the sun and moon are equal, is called amavasya (lit. the "dwelling
together" of the sun and moon). A tithi is the time occupied by the moon in increasing her
distance from the sun by 12 degrees; in other words, at the exact point of time when the moon
(whose apparent motion is much faster than that of the sun), moving eastwards from the sun
after the amavasya, leaves the sun behind by 12 degrees, the first tithi, which is called fratifada
or pratipad, ends; and so with the rest, the complete synodic revolution of the moon or one
lunation occupying 30 tithis for the 360 degrees. Since, however, the motions of the sun and
moon are always varying in speed L the length of a tithi constantly alters. The variatio£ in the
length of a tithi are as follow, according to Hindu calculations :
gh. pa. vipa.
Average or mean length 59 3 40.23
Greatest length 65 16 o
Least length 53 56 o
h. m. s.
23 37 28.092
26 6 24
21 34 24
The moment of full moon, or that point of time when the moon is furthest from the sun, —
astronomically speaking when the difference between the longitudes of the sun and moon amounts
to 1 80 degrees — is called pi(rnitna. The tithi which ends with the moment of amavasya is
itself called "amavasya", arid similarly the tithi which ends with the moment of full moon is
called "purnima." (For further details see Arts. 29, j/, 32.)
8. The nakshatra. The 27th part of the ecliptic is called a nakshatra, and therefore each
nakshatra occupies (^5=-=). 13° 20'. The time which the moon (whose motion continually varies
in speed) or any other heavenly body requires to travel over the 27th part of the ecliptic is
also called a nakshatra. The length of the moon's nakshatra is :
gh. pa. vipa.
Mean 60 42 53.4
Greatest 66 21 o
Least 55 56 o
h. m. s.
24 17 9.36
26 32 24
22 22 24
It will be seen from this that the moon travels nearly one nakshatra daily. The daily
nakshatra of the moon is given in every panchang (native almanack) and forms one of its five articles.
The names of the 27 nakshatras will be found in Table VIII., column 7. (See Arts. 38, 42.)
9. The yoga. The period of time during which the joint motion in longitude, or the sum of the mo-
tions, of the sun and moon is increased by 1 3° 20', is called zyoga, lit. "addition". Its length varies thus:
gh. pa. i'ipa.
Mean 56 29 21.75
Greatest 61 31 o
Least 52 12 o
m. s.
22 35 447
24 36 24
20 52 48
The names of the 27 yogas will be found in Table VIII., col. 12. (See Art. jp.J
10. The karana. A karana is half a tithi, or the time during which the difference of
the longitudes of the sun and moon is increased by 6 degrees. The names of the karanas are
given in Table VIII., cols. 4 and 5. (See Art. 4.0.)
1 The variation is of course really in the motions of the earth and the moon. It is caused by actual alterations in rate of
rapidity of motion in consequence of the elliptical form of the orbits and the moon's actual perturbations; and by apparent
irregularities of motion in consequence <>f the plane of the melon's orbit being at nn iiii!;l<' to ttic plane of the ecliptic. [R. S.]
4 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
\ i . '/'/rr paksha. The next natural division of time greater than a solar day is the paksha
(lit. a wing ') or moon's fortnight. The fortnight during which the moon is waxing has several names,
the commonest of which are sukla or suddha (lit. "bright", that during which the period of the night
following sunset is illuminated in consequence of the moon being above the horizon). The fortnight
during which the moon is waning is called most commonly krishna or baliula or vadya (lit. "black",
"dark", or the fortnight during which the portion of the night following sunset is dark in consequence
of the moon being below the horizon). The first fortnight begins with the end of amavasya and lasts
up to the end of purnima; the second lasts from the end of purnima to the end of amavasya.
The \Mrds "piirva" (former or first) and "apara" (latter or second) are sometimes used for
sukla and krishna respectively. "Sudi" (or"sudi") is sometimes used for sukla, and "vadi" or
" badi " for krishna. They are popular corruptions of the words " suddha " and " vadya " respectively.
12. Lunar months. The next natural division of time is the lunation, or lunar month of
two lunar fortnights, viz., the period of time between two successive new or full moons. It is
called a chandra masa, or lunar month, and is the time of the moon's synodic revolution.2
The names of the lunar months will be found in Table II., Parts i. and ii., and Table III.,
col. 2, and a complete discussion on the luni-solar month system of the Hindus in Arts. 41
to 51. (For tlie solar months see Arts. 22 to 24..)
13. Amanta and purnimanta systems. Since either the amavasya or purnima, the new
moon or the full moon, may be taken as the natural end of a lunar month, there are in use
in India two schemes of such beginning and ending. By one, called the amanta system, a
month ends with the moment of amavasya or new moon ; by the other it ends with the purnima
or full moon, and this latter is called a purnimanta month. The purnimanta scheme is now in
use in Northern India, and the amanta scheme in Southern India. There is epigraphical evidence
to show that the purnimanta scheme was also in use in at least some parts of Southern India
1 An apt title. The full moon stands as it were with the waxing half on one side and the waning half on the other. The week
is an arbitrary division.
2 The "synodic revolution" of the moon is the period (luring which the moon completes one series of her successive phases,
roughly 291/j days. The period of her exact orbital revolution is called her "sidereal revolution". The term "synodic" was given
because of the sun and moon being then together in the heavens (cf: "synod"). The sidereal revolution of the moon is less by
about two days than her synodic revolution in consequence of the forward movement of the earth on the ecliptic. This will be
best seen by the accompanying figure, where ST is a fixed star, S the sun. E the earth, C the ecliptic, M M1 the moon, (A) the po-
sition at one new moon, (B) the position at the next new nioou. The circle M to M1 representing the sidereal revolution, its synodic
revolution is M to Ml plus Ml to N. [R. S.]
^c
q ,'(•=•/
\ /
- JV^
s*
VC
.3*:--
tl^W
C. A. Yonng ("General Astronomy", Edit, of 1889, p 528) gives the following as the length in days of the various lunations:
Mean synodic month (new moon to new moon)
d.
29
27
A.
12
7
m.
44
43
s.
2.684
11.545
Tropical month (equinox to equinox) ....
Anomalistic month (perigee to perigee) . . .
Nodical month (node to node)
27
27
27
7
13
5
43
18
5
4.68
37.44
35.81
Till'. HINDU CALENDAR. 5
up to about the beginning of the 9th century A.D. ' The Marvadis of Northern India who,
originally from Marwar, have come to or have settled in Southern India still use their purnimanta
arrangement of months and fortnights; and on the other hand the Dakhanis in Northern India use
the scheme of amanta fortnights and months common in their own country.
14. Luni-solar month names. The general rule of naming the lunar months so as to
correspond with the solar year is that the amanta month in which the Mcsha saiikranti
or entrance of the sun into the sign of the zodiac Mesha, or Aries, occurs in each year, is to be
called Chaitra, and so on in succession. For the list and succession see the Tables. (See Arts. 41 — / ,' I
i 5. The solar year — tropical, sidereal, and anomalistic. Next we come to the solar year, or pe-
riod of the earth's orbital revolution, i.e., the time during which the annual seasons complete their
course. In Indian astronomy this is generally called a rarsha, lit. "shower of rain", or "measured by a
rainy season ".
The period during which the earth makes one revolution round the sun with reference to
the fixed stars, - is called a sidereal year.
The period during which the earth in its revolution round the sun passes from one equi-
nox or tropic to the same again is called a tropical year. It marks the return of the same
season to any given part of the earth's surface. It is shorter than a sidereal year because the
equinoxes have a retrograde motion among the stars, which motion is called the precession of
the equinoxes. Its present annual rate is about 5o".264.s
Again, the line of apsides has an eastward motion of about 1 1".5 in a year; and the period during
which the earth in its revolution round the sun comes from one end of the apsides to the same again,
/. e., from aphelion to aphelion, or from perihelion to perihelion, is called an anomalistic year. *
The length of the year varies owing to various causes, one of which is the obliquity of
the ecliptic, 5 or the slightly varying relative position of the planes of the ecliptic and the equator.
Leverrier gives the obliquity in A.D. 1700 as 23° 28' 43".22, in A.D. 1800 as 23° 27' 55".63, and
1 See Fleet's Corpus Inscrip. Indie., vol. III., Introduction, p. 79 note; lad. Ant., XVII , p. 141 /.
* Compare the note ou p. 4 on the moon's motion. [R. S.]
•'' This rate of annual precession is that fixed by modern European Astronomy. Imt since the xcscan
never become a matter for observation, we have, iu dealing with Hindu Astronom Mnl by Hindu calculations nlone. It must
therefore be borne in mind that almost all practical Hindu works (Karaiuti) fix the annual precession at one minute, or Mb of a
degree, while the Stirya-Siddhdnta. fixes it as 54" or A degrees. (s<>i- Art. 160/z. given in the Addenda cj)
4 The anoma/y of a planet is its angular distance from its perihelion, or an angle contained between a line drawn from the
sun to the planet, called the radius vector, and a line drawn from the sun to the perihelion point of its orbit. In the ease in point,
the earth, after completing its sidereal revolution, has not arrived quite at its perihelion because the apsidal point has shifted slightly
eastwards. Hence the year occupied in travelling from the old perihelion to the new perihelion is called the unomali.-tic year.
A planet's true anomaly is the actual angle as above whatever may be the variations in the planet's \eloeiiy at different periods of
its orbit. Its mean anomaly is the angle which would be obtained were its motion between perihelion and aphelion uniform in time,
and subject to no variation of velocity— in other words the angle described by a uniformly revolving radius vector. The ang!e
between the true and mean anomalies is called the equation of the centre. True anom. — mtan anom. + equation of the centre.
The equation of the centre is zero at perihelion and aphelion, and a maximum midway between them. In the case of the
snn its greatest value is nearly 1°.55' for the present, the snn getting alternately that amount ahead of, and behind, the p<>
it would occupy if its motion were uniform. (('. A. Young, Central Astruaomy. Edit, of 1889, p. !
Prof. Jaeobi's, and our, a, t, c, (Table I., cols. 23, 2 t, 25) gi\e n. tin- distance of the moon from the sun, eipressed in lO.OOOths
of the unit of 360°; b. the moon's mean anomaly; c. th« sun's mean anomaly; the two last expressed in lOOOths of the unit of
360°. The respective equations of the centre are given in Tables VI. and VII. [R. S.]
'' "The ecliptic slightly and very si iwly shifts its position among the stars, thus altering ' of the stars and 11
between the ecliptic and equator, i.e., the obliquity of the eeliptic. This obliquity is at |.
and it is still decreasing about half a second a year. It is computed that this diminution will continue for about 15,000 yeafs, n
the obliquity to 221/4°, when it will begin The whole change, according to Lagrange, can ne' bout 1° 2
each side of the mean." (C. A. Young, General Astronomy, p. 128.)
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
in A.D. 1900 as 23° i/oS'.os. The various year-lengths for A.D. 1900, as calculated by present
standard authorities, are as follow:
d.
h.
6
HI.
9
48
13
s.
9.29
45-37
48.61
Mean Sidereal solar year 365
Do. Tropical do. 365 5
Do. Anomalistic do. 365 6
1 6. Kalpa. Mah&yuga. Yuga. Julian Period. A kalpa is the greatest Indian division of
t consists of 1000 mahayugas. A maliayuga is composed of four yugas of different lengths,
named Krita, Trcta, I^afara, and Kali. The Kali-yuga consists of 432,000 solar years The Dva-
para yuga is double the length of the Kali. The Treta-yuga is triple, and the Krita-yuga quadruple of
the Kali. A mahayuga therefore contains ten times the years of a Kali-yuga, viz., 4,320,000.
According to Indian tradition a kalpa is one day of Brahman, the god of creation. ' The Kali-
yuga is current at present; and from the beginning of the present kalpa up to the beginning
the present Kali-yuga 4567 times the years of a Kali-yuga have passed. The present Kali-
yuga commenced, according to the S&rya Siddhanta, an authoritative Sanskrit work on Hindu
tronomy, at midnight on a Thursday corresponding to i;th-i8th February, 3102 B. C old
style; by others it is calculated to have commenced on the following sunrise, viz., Friday 'i8th
February. According to the Sfirya and some other Siddhantas both the sun and moon were, with
ference to their mean longitude, precisely on the beginning point of the zodiacal sign Aries, the
Hindu sign Mesha, when the Kali-yuga began.
European chronologists often use for purposes of comparison the 'Julian Period1 of 7980
years, beginning Tuesday ist January, 47,3 B.C. The i8th February, 3102 B. C , coincided
with the 588,466th day of the Julian Period.
17- Siddhanta year-measurement. The length of the year according to different Hindu
authorities is as follows:
The Vedaiiga Jyotisha
The Paitamaha Siddhanta 1
The Romaka „
The Vaiilisa-' ..
The original Siirya Siddhanta
The 1'ivsent Surva. Yasishtha
Brahma. RomuL i
The firs; Ar\a Sid.ihauta ;
The Brahma Siddhanta by B
The second Ana Siddhanta
The ParSsara Siddhanta
Jttjirarijn1,.
',?ig s^ssi*?* work' ' • p™- ™ « -"<-
t^-T^^"'8. '''"'•''' " -""f»'l-ing«hreeiW>i</^arenotnowLU.,bn,arealludedt«
the rwtouUU.,, VarAhamihir,, co»po*d in or about the Saka vear 427 /A.D. 505). TS. B. D ]
" of Vari\amihira. The le»^
Uiftatu.
Hindu reckoning.
d*J8. gh. pa, Tipa. Pr». TI.
European reckoning,
days. h. mns. Me.
al . . .
36ti 000
365 8 34 0
36o 5 55 12
hanta . .
SfiS 1 =; '^1 ^in n
365 6 12 0
htha, Sakalya-i
ua Siddhautas J " " '
\- D.499)
>y Brahma-gupta (A. D. 628)
nta . . .
365 15 31 31 24
365 15 31 15 0
365 15 30 22 30
365 6 12 :tti
365 6 12 36.56
365 6 12 30
365 6 12 9
4
365 6 • 12 30.84
(A. D. 10
365 15 SI 17 lit
365 6 12 31.6
n .
e "vear in 1 "t ' -»>
hem was the same as that in the origin i,lhanta [S B D]
.
,
tion of the year by the First Arja-S.ddMnta is noted in the interesting chronogram
The
is a Karana by King Bhoja. It is dated in the Saka year 964 expired, A.D. 1042. [S. B.
HINDU C.\l.l'..\nAR.
It will be seen that the duration of the year in all the above works except the first three-
approximates closely to the anomalistic year; and is a little greater than that of the s.dercal year.
In some of these works theoretically the year is sidereal; in the case of some of the others ,t cannot
be said definitely what year is meant; while in none is it to be found how the calculates wer
made It may, however, be stated roughly that the Hindu year is sidereal for the last 2000 years.
1 8 The year as given in each of the above works must have been in use somewhere
or another in India at some period; but at present, so far as our information goes, the year
of only three works is in use, viz., that of the present Snrya Siddhauta, the first Arya S,ddlu,nta.
and the Rajamrigahka.
The Siddliantas and other astronomical works.
19. ' It will not be out of place here to devote some consideration to these various astronomical
works- indeed it is almost necessary to do so for a thorough comprehension of the subje.
Many other Siddhantas and Karanas are extant besides those mentioned in the above
know of at least thirty such works, and some of them are actually used at the present day in making
calculations for preparing almanacks. ' Many other similar works must, it is safe to suppose,
have fallen into oblivion, and that this is so is proved by allusions found in the ex
Some of these works merely follow others, but some contain original matter.
give the length of the year, and the motions and places at a given time of the sun, moon, a
planets, and their apogees and nodes, according to the standard Siddhanta.
corrections of their own, necessitated by actual observation, in order to make the ,
agree. Such a correction is termed a Inja. Generally, however, the length of the year ,s n,,t
altered but the motions and places are corrected to meet requirements
As before stated each of these numerous works, and consequently the year-duratu
and other elements contained in them, must have been in use somewhere or another and at some
period or another in India. At the present time, however, there are only three schools
astronomers known; one is called the Saura-faksha, consisting of followers of the present ,
Siddhanta; another is called the Arya-paksha, and follows the first Arya Siddhanta: and
third is called the Jiralima-paksha, following the Rajamriganka, a work based on 1
gupta's Brahma Siddhanta. with a certain *(/«. The distinctive feature of each of these schoo
is that the length of the year accepted in all the works of that school is the same, though v
respect to other elements they may possibly disagree between themselves.
e**b is not now generally known, the work being superseded by others; but the year adopt*
by the present Brahma-school is first found, so far as our information goes, in the Rajamrtgat
and the three schools exist from at least A. D. 1042, the date of that work.
•»o It is most important to know what Siddhantas or Karanas were, or are now, «
as standard authorities, or were, or are, actually used for the calculations of panchangs (almanac
during particular periods or in particular tracts of country, * for unless this is born,
we shall often go wrong when we attempt to convert Indian into European
sketch which follows must not, however, be considered as exhaustive.
and other practical works, containing table, based on one or other of the SMhdnla,, are ,,
calculation^ ^.^ rf ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ; ( ,„„.„ „,,,,_,.,,, b, fixed and known far the correct calcu-
lation of a tithi, nakshatra. yoga or karana. The length of the year is also an important element an in tie «*v,
by the movement of the plane, Jupiter. In the ,,, «• are coached olirfj wW, , „,, ,,x events uz., I,
moon, their apogees, the leU of the year, and .Tu,,it,,. The *,** in the text i, piven ch.efly eep.ng ,n new these , ,
When one authorUy differ, from another in a*, of the fir,t I ^ element, the tifti as e:,l,,alated by on, «,11 dl(T
that derived from another. [S. B. D.]
8 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
Siddhanta was a standard work in early times, but it was superseded by the present
Sftrya-Siddhanta at some period not yet known, probably not later than A.D. 1000. The
first Arya-Siddhanta, which was composed at Kusumapura (supposed to be Patna in Bengal),
came into use from A.D. 499. l Varahamihira in his Panchasiddhantika (A.D. 505) introduced
a bija to Jupiter's motion as given in the original Siirya-Siddhanta, but did not take it into
account in his rule (see Art. 62 below) for calculating a samvatsara. Brahmagupta composed
his Brahma-Siddhanta in A. D. 628. He was a native of Bhillamala (the present Bhinmal), 40
miles to the north-west of the Abu mountains. Lalla, in his work named Dfu-vriddhida, intro-
duced a bija to three of the elements of the first Arya-Siddhanta, namely, the moon, her
apogee, and Jupiter, i.e., three out of the six elements with which we are concerned. Lalla's
place and date are not known, but there is reason to believe that he flourished about A.D. 638.
The date and place of the second Arya-Siddhanta are also not known, but the date would
appear to have been about A.D. 950. It is alluded to by Bhaskaracharya (A.D. 1 1 50), but does
not seem to have been anywhere in use for a long time. The Raj amriganka (A.D. 1042)
follows the Brahma-Siddhanta, z but gives a correction to almost all its mean motions and places,
and even to the length of the year. The three schools — Saura, Arya and Brahma — seem to have
been established from this date if not earlier, and the Brahma-Siddhanta in its orginal form
must have then dropped out of use. The Karana-prakasa, a work based on the first Arya-
Siddhanta as corrected by Lalla's bija, was composed in A.D. 1092, and is considered an authority
even to the present day among many Vaishnavas of the central parts of Southern India, who
are followers of the Arya-Siddhanta. Bhaskaracharya's works, the Siddhanta Siromani (A.D. i.i 50)
and the Karana-Ki<tuhala(A..D. 1183) are the same as the Raj amriganka in the matter of the
calculation of a panchang. The Vakkya-Karana, a work of the Arya school, seems to
have been accepted as the guide for the preparation of solar panchangs in the Tamil and
Malayalam countries of Southern India from very ancient times, and even to the present day
either that or some similar work of the Arya school is so used. A Karana named Bhasvaii was com-
posed in A.D. 1099, its birthplace according to a commentator being Jagannatha (or Puri) on the
east coast. The mean places and motions given in it are from the original Sitrya-Siddhanta as
corrected by Varahamihira's bija, 3 and it was an authority for a time in some parts of Northern
India. Vavilala Kochchanna, who resided somewhere in Telingana, composed a Karana in 1298 A.D.
He was a strict follower of the present Sury a- Siddhanta, and since his day the latter Sidd-
hanta has governed the preparation of all Telugu luni-solar calendars. The Makaranda, another
Karana, was composed at Benares in A.D. 1478, its author following the present Surya-Siddhanta,
but introducing a bija. The work is extensively used in Northern India in the present day for panchanga
calculations. Bengalis of the present day are followers of the Saura school, while in the western parts of
Northern India and in some parts of Gujarat the Brahma school is followed. The Graha-laghava,
a Karana of the Saura school, was composed by Ganesa Daivjna of Nandigrama (Nandgam),
a village to the South of Bombay, in A.D. 1520. The same author also produced the Briliat
and Laghutithichintamanis in A.D. 1525, which may be considered as appendices to the
Graha-laghava. Ganesa adopted the present Sitrya Siddhanta determinations for the length of
1 It is not to be understood that as soon as a standard work comes into use its predecessors go out of use from all parts of
the country. There is direct evidence to show that the original Siirya-Sidd/idnta was in use till A.D. 665, the date of the Khanda-
khddya, of Brahmagupta, though evidently not in all parts of the country. [S. B. D.]
2 Whenever we allude simply to the "Brahma Siddhdnta" by name, we mean the Brahma-Siddhdnta of Brahmagupta.
3 Ont of the six elements alluded to in note 1 on the last page, only Jupiter has this bija. The present Sitrya-Siddhdnta
had undoubtedly come into use before the date of the Bhdsmtl. [S. B. D.]
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 9
the year and the motions and places of the sun and moon and their apogees, with a small
correction for the moon's place and the sun's apogee; but he adopted from the Arya Siddhanta
as corrected by Lalla the figures relating to the motion and position of Jupiter.
The Graha-laghava and the Lagkutithiehint&mani were used, and are so at the present
day, in preparing panchangs wherever the Mahrathi language was or is spoken, as well as in
some parts of Gujarat, in the Kanarese Districts of the Bombay and Madras Presidencies, and
in parts of Haidarabad, Maisur, the Berars, and the Central Provinces. Mahratha residents in
Northern India and even at Benares follow these works.
21. It may be stated briefly that in the present day the first Arya-Siddhanta is the
authority in the Tamil and Malayajam countries of Southern India; ' the Brahma-paksha
obtains in parts of Gujarat and in Rajputana and other western parts of Northern India; while
in almost all other parts of India the present Siirya-Siddliiinta is the standard authority. Thus
it appears that the present S&rya-Siddkanta has been the prevailing authority in India for many
centuries past down to the present day, and since this is so, we have chiefly followed it in this work. "
The bija as given in the Makaranda (A. D. 1478) to be applied to the elements of the
Surya-Siddha>ita is generally taken into account by the later followers of the Surya-Siddhanfa,
but is not met with in any earlier work so far as our information goes. We have, therefore,
introduced it into our tables after A.D. 1500 for all calculations which admit of it. ThebSjaofthe
Makaranda only applies to the moon's apogee and Jupiter, leaving the other four elements unaffected.
Further details. Contents of the Pancliahga.
22. The Indian Zodiac. The Indian Zodiac is divided, as in Europe, into 1 2 parts, each of
which is called a rasi or " sign ". Each sign contains 30 degrees, a degree being called an athsa. Each
arhsa is divided into 60 kalas (minutes), and each kala into 60 rikalas (seconds). This sexagesimal
division of circle measurement is, it will be observed, precisely similar to that in use in Europe. 3
23. The Sankranti. The point of time when the sun leaves one zodiacal sign and enters another
is called a sankranti. The period between one sankranti and another, or the time required for
the sun to pass completely through one sign of the zodiac, is called a saura inasa, or solar
month. Twelve solar months make one solar year. The names of the solar months will be
found in Table II., Part ii., and Table III., col. 5. A sankranti on which a solar month commences
takes its name from the sign-name of that month. The Mesha sankranti marks the vernal equinox,
the moment of the sun's passing the first point of Aries. The Karka sankranti, three solar
months later, is also called the dakshinayana ("southward-going") sankranti: it is the point of
the summer solstice, and marks the moment when the sun turns southward. The Tula sankranti,
three solar months later, marks the autumnal equinox, or the moment of the sun's passing the
first point of Libra. The Makara sankranti, three solar months later still, is also called the
uttarayana sankranti ("northward-going"). It is the other solstitial point, the point or moment
when the sun turns northward. When we speak of " sankrantis " in this volume we refer always to the
nirayana sankrantis, i.e., the moments of the sun's entering the zodiacal signs, as calculated
in sidereal longitude — longitude measured from the fixed point in Aries — taking no account of the
annual precession of the equinoxes — -(nirayana = "without movement", excluding the precession of the
solstitial — ay ana — points). But there is also in Hindu chronology the seija/ia sankranti (sa-ayana - " with
1 It is probable that the first Arya-Siddhdnta was the standard authority for South Indian solar reckoning from the earliest
times. In Bengal the Surya-Slddhdnta is the authority since about A.D. 1100, but in earlier times the first Arya-Siddhdnta was
apparently the standard. [S. B. D.]
2 When we allude simply to the Sitrya or Arya Siddkdnta, it must be borne in mind that we mean the Present Surya
and the First Arya-Siddhuntas. 3 See note 1, p. 2 above. [R. S]
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
movement", including the movement of the ay ana points), i.e., a sankranti calculated according to
tropical longitude — longitude measured from the vernal equinox, the precession being taken into
account. According to the present Surya-Siddhanta the sidereal coincided with the tropical signs
in K. Y. 3600 expired, Saka 421 expired, and the annual precession is 54". By almost all other authori-
ties the coincidence took place in K. Y. 3623 expired, Saka 444 expired, and the annual precession is
(ir) one minute. (The Siddhanta Siroinaiii, however, fixes this coincidence as in K. Y. 3628). Taking
either year as a base, the difference in years between it and the given year, multiplied by the total
amount of annual precession, will shew the longitudinal distance by jwhich, in the given year,
the first point of the tropical (sayana) sign precedes the first point of the sidereal (nirayand) sign.
Professor Jacobi (Epig. Ind., Vol. 7, p. 422, Art. 39) points out that a calculation should be made
"whenever a date coupled with a sarikranti does not come out correct in all particulars. For it is
possible that a sayana sankranti may be intended, since these sankrantis too are suspicious moments."
We have, however, reason to believe that sayana sankrantis have not been in practical use for the last
1 600 years or more. Dates may be tested according to the rule given in Art. 1 60 (a).
It will be seen from cols. 8 to 13 of Table II., Part ii., that there are two distinct sets of
names given to the solar months. One set is the set of zodiac-month-names (" Mesha" etc.), the
other has the names of the lunar months. The zodiac-sign-names of months evidently belong to
a later date than the others, since it is known that the names of the zodiacal signs themselves
came into use in India later than the lunar names, " Chaitra" and the rest. : Before sign-names
came into use the solar months must have been named after the names of the lunar months,
and we find that they are so named in Bengal and in the Tamil country at the present day. 2
24. Lengtli of months. It has been already pointed out that, owing to the fact that the
apparent motion of the sun and moon is not always the same, the lengths of the lunar and solar months
vary. We give here the lengths of the solar months according to the Siirya and Arya-Siddhantas.
NAME OP THE MONTH.
DUEATION OF EACH MONTH
*
Sign-
By the Arya-Siddhdnta.
By the Surya-Siddhdnta.
h
Tamil name.
uengali
V)
name.
name.
days
*
pa.
days
hrs.
mil
sec.
days
gt.
pa.
days
hrs.
mn.
sec.
1
Mesha
t
Vaisakha
30
55
30
30
22
12
0
30
56
7
30
22
26
48
Sittirai (Chittirai)
2
Vrishabha
Vaigasi, or Vaiyasi
Jyeshtha
31
24
4
31
9
37
36
31
25
13
31
10
5
12
3
Mithuna
Ani
Ashadha
31
36
26
31
14
34
24
31
38
41
31
15
28
24
4
Karka
Adi
Sravana
31
28
4
31
11
13
36
31
28
31
31
11
24
24
5
Siihha
Avani
Bhadrapada
31
2
5
31
0
50
0
31
1
7
31
0
26
48
6
Kanya
Purattadi, or Purattasi
Asviua
30
27
24
30
10
57
36
30
26
' 29
30
10
35
36
7
Tula
Aippasi, or Arppisi, or
Kartlika
29
54
12
29
21
40
48
29
53
36
29
21
26
24
Appisi
8
Vrischika
Karttigai
Mar^asirsha
29
30
31
29
12
12
24
29
29
25
29
11
46
0
9
Dhanus
Margali
Pausha
29
21
2
29
8
24
48
29
19
4
29
7
37
36
10
Makara
Tai
Magha
29
27
24
29
10
57
36
29
26
53
29
10
45
12
11
Kumbha
Masi
Phalguna
29
48
30
29
19
24
0
29
49
13
29
19
41
12
12
Mina
Panguni
Chaitra
30
20
191/4
30
8
7
42
30
21
12.52
30
8
29
0.56
365
15
3H/4
365
6
12
30
365
15
31.52
365
6
12
36.56
1 My present opinion is that the zodiacal-sign-names, Mesha, etc., began to be used in India between 700 B.C. and 300 B.C.,
not earlier than the former or later than the latter. [S. B. D.]
2 It will be seen that the Bengal names differ from the Tamil ones. The same solar month Mesha, the first of the year, is
TH1: lil\nu CALENDAR. »
For calculation of the length by the Snrya-Siddhanta the longitude of the sun's apogee is taken
as 77" 1 6', which was its value in A. D. 1 1 37, a date about the middle of our Tables. Even if its value at
our extreme dates, i.e., either in A. D. 300 or 1900, were taken the lengths would be altered by
only one pala at most. By the Arya-Siddhanta the sun's apogee is taken as constantly at 78°.'
The average (mean) length in days of solar and lunar months, and of a lunar year is as follows :
Siirya-Siddhanta Modern science
Solar month (,^ of a sidereal year) 30.438229707 30.438030.
Lunar month 29.530587946 29.530588.
Lunar year (12 lunations) .... 354-367°5535 354-367°56-
25. Adhika masas. Calendar used. A period of twelve lunar months falls short of the
solar year by about eleven days, and the Hindus, though they use lunar months, have not disre-
garded this fact ; but in order to bring their year as nearly as possible into accordance with the
solar year and the cycle of the seasons they add a lunar month to the lunar year at certain
intervals. Such a month is called an adkika or intercalated month. The Indian year is thus
either solar or luni-solar. The Muhammadan year of the Hijra is purely lunar, consisting of twelve
lunar months, and its initial date therefore recedes about eleven days in each year. In
luni-solar calculations the periods used are tithis and lunar months, with intercalated and suppressed
months whenever necessary. In solar reckoning solar days and solar months are alone used.
In all parts of India luni-solar reckoning is used for most religious purposes, but solar reckoning
is used where it is prescribed by the religious authorities. For practical civil purposes solar
reckoning is used in Bengal and in the Tamil and Malayalam countries of the Madras Presi-
dency; in all other parts of the country luni-solar reckoning is adopted.
26. True and mean saiikrantis. Sodhya. When the sun enters one of the signs of the
zodiac, as calculated by his mean motion, such an entrance is called a mean sankranti ; when
he enters it as calculated by his apparent or true motion, such a moment is his apparent or
true • sankranti. At the present day true sankrantis are used for religious as well as for
called Vais&klia in Bengal and Sitlirai (Chailra) in the Tamil country, Vaisakha being the second month in the south. To avoid con-
fusion, therefore, we use only the sign-names (Meslia, etc.J in framing our rules.
1 The lengths of months by the Arya-Sidd/idnta here given arc somewhat different from lh'>se given by Warren. But Warren seems
to have taken the, longitude of the sun's apogee by the Surya-Siddhdnta in calculating the duration of months In I In .which
is wrong. He seems also to have taken into account the chtira. * (See his Kiifa Sahkalita, p. 11. art. 3, p. 22, erplanation of Table
III., line 4; and ji. 3 of the Tables). He has used the ayan&fn'sa- (the uniformly increasing arc between the point of the vernal
equinox each year and the fixed point in Aries) which is required for finding the chara in calculating the lengths of months. The
ehiira- is not the same at the beginning of any given solar month for all places or for all years Hence it ia wrong to use it for
general rules and tables. The iuaccuracy of Warren's lengths of solar months according to the Si'ri/a-Siilii/iaiitu requires no elaborate
proof, for they are practically the same as those given by him according to the Arya-Siddhdnta, and that this cannot be the case
is self-evident to all who have any experience of the two Siddhdntas. [S. B. D.]
* The chara: — "The time of rising of a heavenly body is assumed to take place six hours before it comes to the meridian.
Actually this is not the case for any locality not on the equator, and the chara is the correct ioa required in consequence, i.i:, the
excess or defect from six hours of the time between rising and reaching the meridian. The name is also applied to the celestial
arc described in this time."
2 The Sanskrit word for "mean" is madhyama, and that for 'true' or 'apparent' is s/m.t/ita. The word-. ' ininlliiinna ' and 'sptu/ita'
are applied to many varieties of time and space; as, for instance, gati (motion), Hi6ga (longtitude), -
ing) and ledla (time). In the English Nautical Almanac the word "apparent" is used to cover almost all cases where the Sanskrit
word .tjioihtn would lie applied, the word 'true' being sometimes, but rarely, used. "Apparent," therefore, is the best word to use in my
opinion; and we have adopted it prominently, in spite of the fact that previous writers on Hindu Astronomy have chiefly used the
word "true." There is as a fact a little difference in the meaning of the phrases "apparent " and "true," hut it is almost unknown
to Indian Astronomy, and we have therefore used the two words as synonym-. S. 11. D.]
12 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
civil purposes. In the present position of the sun's apogee, the mean Mesha sankranti takes
place after the true sankranti, the difference being two days and some ghatikas. This difference
is called the sodhya. It differs with different Siddhantas, and is not always the same even by
the same authority. We have taken it as 2 d. logh. 14 p. 3<Dvipa. by the Surya-Siddhanta,
and 2 d. 8 gh. 51 p. I5vipa. by the Arya-Siddhanta The corresponding notion in modern
European Astronomy is the equation of time. The sodhya is the number of days required by
the sun to catch up the equation of time at the vernal equinox.
27. 'it must be remembered that whenever we use the word "sankranti" alone, (e.g., "the
Mesha-saiikranti ") the apparent and not the mean nirayana sankranti is meant.
28. The beginning of a solar month. Astronomically a solar month may begin, that is
a sankranti may occur, at any moment of a day or night; but for practical purposes it would
be inconvenient to begin the month at irregular times of the day. Suppose, for example, that
a Makara-sankranti occurred 6 hours 5 minutes after sunrise on a certain day, and that two written
agreements were passed between two parties, one at 5 hours and another at 7 hours after sun-
rise. If the month Makara were considered to have commenced at the exact moment of the
Makara-sankranti, we should have to record that the first agreement was passed on the last
day of the month Dhanus, and the second on the first day of Makara, whereas in fact both were
executed on the same civil day. To avoid such confusion, the Hindus always treat the beginning of the
solar month as occurring, civilly, at sunrise. Hence a variation in practice.
(1) (a) In Bengal, when a sankranti takes place between sunrise and midnight of a civil day
the solar month begins on the following day ; and when it occurs after midnight the month begins
on the next following, or third, day. If, for example, a sankranti occurs between sunrise and midnight
of a Friday, the month begins at sunrise on the next day, Saturday ; but if it takes place after mid-
night of Friday ! the month begins at sunrise on the following Sunday. This may be termed the
Bengal Rule, (b) In Orissa the solar month of the Amli and Vilayati eras begins civilly on the same
day as the sankranti, whether this takes place before midnight or not. This we call the Orissa Ride.
(2) In Southern India there are two rules, (a) One is that when a sankranti takes place
after sunrise and before sunset the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after
sunset the month begins on the following day; if, for example, a sankranti occurs on a Friday
between sunrise and sunset the month begins on the same day, Friday, but if it takes place
at any moment of Friday night after sunset the month begins on Saturday.2 (b) By another rule,
the day between sunrise and sunset being divided into five parts, if a sankranti takes place
within the first three of them the month begins on the same day, otherwise it begins on the
following day. Suppose, for example, that a sankranti occurred on a Friday ,.seven hours after sun-
rise, and that the length of that day was 12 hours and 30 minutes; then its fifth part was 2 hours
30 minutes, and three of these parts are equal to 7 hours 30 minutes. As the sankranti took place
within the first three parts, the month began on the same day, Friday; but if the sankranti had
occurred 8 hours after sunrise the month would have begun on Saturday. The latter (b) rule is
observed in the North and South Malayajam country, and the former (a) in other parts of
Southern India where the solar reckoning is used, viz., in the Tamil and Tinnevelly countries. 3
We call a. the Tamil Rule; b. the Malabar Rule.
1 Remember that the week-day is counted from sunrise to sunrise.
'• Brown's Ephemeris follows this rule throughout in fixing the date corresponding to 1st Mesha, and consequently his solar
dates are often wrong by one day for those tracts where the 2 b rule is in use.
3 I deduced the Bengal rule from a Calcutta Panchang for Saka 1776 (A.D. 1854 — 55) in my posssession. Afterwards it was
THE HINDU CALENDAR. '.?
29. Panchangs. Before proceeding we revert to the five principal articles of the panchang.
There are 30 tithis in a lunar month, 1 5 to each fortnight. The latter are generally denoted by the
ordinary numerals in Sanskrit, and these are used for the fifteen tithis of each fortnight. Some tithis
are, however, often called by special names. In panchangs the tithis are generally particularized
by their appropriate numerals, but sometimes by letters. The Sanskrit names are here given. '
•j
13
Sanskrit Names.
Vulgar Names.
m
'£
Sanskrit Names.
Vulgar Names.
B
P
i
2
Pratipacl, Pratipada,
Prathama ....
Dvitlyd . . • •
Padva, Padyami
Bij'a, Vidiva
9
10
Navami
Dasami
3
Tritivii ....
Tija, Tadivii
11
Ekadas!
4
Cbatnrth!
Chauth, Chauthi
12
Dvadasi
BfaM
13
Travodas!
Tcras
G
7
Shashthi
Saptami
Sath
14
15
Cliaturdasi
Pdruima, Paiirnima .
Puruamasi, Panchadasi
Punava, Punnami
8
Ashtaini
30
Amavusya, Darsa,
Paiichadasi
The numeral 30 is generally applied to the amavasya (new moon day) in panchangs, even in
Northern India where according to the purnimanta system the dark fortnight is the first fortnight of the
month and the month ends with the moment of full moon, the amavasya being really the isthtithi.
30. That our readers may understand clearly how a Hindu panchang is prepared and
what information it contains, we append an extract from an actual panchang for Saka 1816,
expired, A. D. 1894—95, published at Poona in the Bombay Presidency. 3
corroborated by information kindly sent to me from Howrah by Mr. G. A. Grierson through Dr. Fleet. It was also amply corroborated
by a set of Bengal Chronological Tables for A.D. 1882, published under the authority of the Calcutta High Court, a copy of which
was sent to me by Mr. Scwell. I owe the Orissa Rule to the Chronological Tables published by Girishchandra Tarkalankar, who
follows the Orissa Court Tables with regard to the Amli and Vilayati years in Orissa. Dr. J. Burgess, in a note in Mr. Krishnasvami
Naidu's "South Indian Chronological Tables" edited by Mr. Sewell, gives the 2 (a) Rule as in use in the North Malayalam country,
but I do not know what his authority is. I ascerta'ned from Tamil and Tiunevelly panchangs that the 2 fa) rule is in use there,
and the fact is corroborated by Warren's Kdia Saiikalila ; I ascertained also from some South Malayalam panchangs published at Cochin
and Trevaodrum, and from 'a North Mnlayalaiu panchang published at Calicut, that the 2 (b) rule is followed there [S. B. D.]
Notwithstanding all this I have no certain guarantee that these are the only rules, or that they are invariably followed in
the tracts mentioned. Thus I 6nd from a Tamil solar paiicharig for Saka 1815 current, published at Madras, and from a Telugu
luni-solar panchang for Saka 1109 expired, also published at Madras, in which the solar months also are given, that the rule ol
is that "when a sankranti occurs between sunrise and midnight the month begins on the same day, otherwise on the following day",
thus differing from all the four rules given above. This varying fifth rule again is followed for all solar months of the Vilayati year
as given in the above-mentioned Bengal Chronological Tables for 1882, and by its use the month regularly begins one day in advance
of the Bengali month. I find a siith rule in some Bombay and Benares lunar panchangs, viz., that at whatever time the sankranti
may occur, the month begins on the next day; but this is not found in any solar panchang. The rules may be further classified
as (1. a) the midnight nil,' (Bengal), (1. 6) any time rule (Orissa), (2. a) the sunset rule (Tamil), (3. b) the afternoon rule (Malabar).
The fifth rule is a variety of the midnight rule, and the siith a variety of the any time rule. 1 cannot say for how many years
past the rules now in use in the several provinces have been in force and effect.
An inscription at Kannauur, a village 5 miles north of Sriraiigara near Trichinopoly (see Epiyraph. Indie., rol. III.,p. 10, dat<- No. V.,
note 3, and p. %), is dated Tuesday the thirteenth tithi of the bright fortnight of Sravana in the year Prajflpati, which corresponded with
the 24th day of the (solar) month Adi (Karka.) Prom other sources the year of this date is known to be A. D.^ 127 1 ; and on
carefully calculating I find that the day corresponds with the 21st July, and that the Karka sankranti took plan-, by the Arya-Siddhdnta,
on the 27th June, Saturday, shortly before midnight. From this it follows that the month Adi began civilly on the 28th June, and
that one or the other of the two rules at present in use in Southern India was in use in Trichinopoly in A.D. 1271. [S. B. D.]
1 We cannot enumerate the vulgar or popular names which obtain in all parts of India, audit is not necessary that we should do so.
2 This is an ordinary panchang in daily use. It was prepared by myself from Ganesa Daivjfia's Grahaldghava and Laghu-
tWcltintdmani. [S. B. D.]
Extract from an
1816 expired (1817 current) (A. D. 1894) amanta Bhadrapada, sukla-paksha. Solar months Simha
15
s
Vara.
ilh. pa.
Nakshatra.
gh. pa.
Yoga.
ill. pu.
Karaua.
-li. pii.
Moon's place. 1
1'
%
c
3
o5
1
6
"o
CO
Muhammadanl
date.
O
«i
s
a
i
Fri.
43 59
PurvaPhalguni:
40 16
Siddha
31 22
Kiiiistughna
Ifi 30
Siihha*15
gh. pa.
30 59
16
29
31
2
Sat.
39 47
Uttara Ph»lgun! :
37 57
Sadhya
2:. 23
Balava
11 53
Kanyl
30 57
17
30
1
3
Sail.
36 31
Haste
36 29
Subha
19 31
Taitila
' 8 9
Kanya
30 54
18
1
2
4
Mou.
34 23
Chiti-a
36 7
Sukla
14 50
Vanij
5 27
Kanyst 6
30 52
19
2
3
5
Tues.
33 26
Svati
36 52
Brahman
11 7
Bava
8 54
Tula
30 49
20
3
4
6
Wed.
33 58
vuakha
38 58
Aindra
8 24
Kaulava
3 42
Tula 23
30 45
21
4
5
7
Thurs.
35 29
Anurfidba
42 19
Vaidhriti
6 36
Gara
4 44
Vrisehi :
30 44
22
5
6
8
Fri.
88 16
Jyeshtlia
46 48
Vishkambha
5 49
Vishti
6 53
Vri.4:47
30 41
23
6
7
9
Sat.
42 9
Mula
52 13
Priti
6 2
Balava
10 13
Dbanus
30 38
24
7
8
10
Sun.
46 48
Purva Ashai.lha
58 11
Ayushmat
6 53
Taitila
14 28
Dhanus
30 36
25
8
9
11
Mon.
51 43
Uttara Ashadha
60 0
Saubhagya
8 1
Vanij
19 16
I>ha:lo
30 33
26
9
10
12
Tues.
56 44
Uttara Ashadha
4 35
Sobhana
9 29
Bava
24 14
Makara
30 30
27
10
11
13
Wed.
60 0
Sravanu
10 59
Atiganila
10 58
Kaulava
29 3
Maka:44
30 28
28
11
12
13
Thurs.
1 23
Dhauishtha
16 45
Sakarman
11 54
Taitila
1 23
Kumbha
30 25
29
12
13
14
Fri.
5 18
Satabhishaj
21 52
Dhriti
12 26
Vanij
5 18
Kumbha
30 22
30
13
14
15
Sat.
8 11
Purva Bhadra:
26 4
Sula
12 7
Bava
8 11
•Kiun: 10
30 20
31
14
15
Anianta Bhadrapada krishnapaksha.
1
Sun.
9 59
Uttara Bhudra:
28 58
Ganda
10 45
Kaulava
9 59
Mma
30 17
1
15
16
2
Mon.
10 30
Revati
30 40
Vriddhi
8 30
Gara
10 30
Mina 31
30 15
2
16
17
3
Tues.
9 35
Asvini
31 9
Dhruva
5 10
Vishti
9 35
Mesha
30 12
3
17
18
4
Wed.
7 26
Bharani
30 27
Vyaghata
0 50
54 52
Balava
7 26
Me : 45
30 10
4
18
19
5
Thurs.
4 19
Krittiku
28 36
Vajra
•19 43
Taitila
4 19
Vrisha
30 7
5
19
20
6
Fri.
0 16
55 18
Robini
25 59
Siddhi
43 1
Vanij
0 16
Vri: 54
30 5
6
20
21
8
Sat.
49 55
Mrig;i
22 43
Vyatiputa
35 58
Balava
22 45
Mithuna
30 2
7
21
22
9
Sun.
44 9
Ardrft
18 57
Yariyiis
28 28
Taitila
16 2
Mithnna
30 0
8
22
23
10
Mon.
38 9
I'uiiiirrasu
14 55
Parigha
20 45
Vanij
11 9
Mithu:!
29 57
9
23
24
11
Tues.
32 9
l*ushya
10 47
Siva
13 2
Bava
5 9
Karka:
29 55
10
24
25
12
Wed.
26 17
Aslcsha
6 46
Siddha
5 24
52 31
Tailila
26 17
Kar: 7
29 52
11
25
26
13
Thurs.
20 45
Magha
3 4
56 51
Subha
51 4
Vany
20 45
Siiiiha
29 49
12
26
27
14
Fri.
15 48
Utlara 1'balguni
57 25
Sukla
44 35
Sukiini
15 48
Siiii: 14
29 47
13
27
28
30
Sul.
11 40
llastn
55 38
Brabu
38 46
11 40
Kaiua
29 44
14
28
29
Where no numbers are inserted in this column it must be understood that the m w:i* in (lie sign during the whole day.
actual Panchanga. 15
ami Kanyii; MnliatHinadini tn<nitlis Safar and Ratl-ul-awwal. English months August and September.
<
s.
&
OTHKK I'AKTiri .LA US
l'"-iii'in, ,,f Planets at sunrise Sukla 15th Saturday.
Mars.
\
a
-
^
J
=T
i-a
Venus
1
Moon's
node.
31
Chandra-darsana (moon's heliacal risinir) SrptnuW !••
Amrita Siddhiyoga 36.29. * HarituliU Ifuvtdi: Var&-
hajayanti. Vaidhriti Sa.lOto 44.42. Rabi-ulawwal begins.
Ganesha chaturtht.
Rishipanchami.
Amrita Siddhiyoga after 39. Venus enters Leo 45.44.
Ganr) avfthana.
Gauri pfijft. Durv& ashtami.
Gauri visarjana. Aduhkha navami.
Padma Ekfidasi. Mrityu-yoga 60. Mercury enters Virgo 14.5.
Vamana dvadasi.
Pradosha. Sun enters Uttara Phalguni 8.26.
Anantachaturdasi. Mars retrogade.
Proshthap, Puriii : Sun enters Virgo 33.42.
Signs.
4
0
5
2
4
1
11
1
De(f!
29
10
8
12
12
3
9
Minutes.
27
26
37
25
19
48
16
8
SiT.jiids.
9
2
22
7
44
43
7
I
,_ mins.
~ ;.=
58
5
106
7
78
6
3
5
•-,-•?
S ,g o sees.
30
6 retro
20
54
44
15
11
6
Ahargapa 34-227.
Horoscope for the above time.
7
8
9
^s. Mercury ^r ^*^^ 4 ^r
Saturn ^ssX'^ ^Bn ^"S^^ Jupiter
g ^VjX^ M?0" \^>^M»r»
^T ^(.x^Moon's asc: nodeS.
10
11
12
13
14
15
'Purnimanta Asvina krishtiapaksha.) Positions of Planets at sunrise Amavftsya, Saturday.
16
Vymipata f from 7 to 16.32.
Sankashti chaturthi.
Signs.
5
0
6
2
4
6
11
17
Degrees.
13
9
2
13
28
5
8
18
Minutes.
10
13
27
49
31
17
31
19
Seconds.
7
30
1
4
4
7
35
20
Bhadra (Vishti) ends at 27.55.
Avidliav'i navami.
Heliacal rising of Mercury.
Indira ekadn.M. Sun enters Hasta 46.37.
Pradoshii.
Sivaratri. Mercury in Libra 29.18.
Pitri-am&vasya. Vaidhriti 20.47 to 30.21.
Solar eclipse. Mril\u\oga 55.38. Anuu:
"S . a mins.
»:?.2
59
8
95
5
73
7
3
21
S'l sec,
1
4 retro
56
54
44
2
11
22
Ahargana 34—241.
Horoscope for the above li
23
N. Mercury ^/'^^ 5 Veno« ^S
8 ^**^S^ ^ntt ^**5^*^
^S^ ^S. 6 Moon .^^ ^^^
^S. ^^^^^ Jopiter .S
^^^ j/^ Moon's ^s^ j/r
^s^>/^ ascending ^*^^</^
'" ^^N. node ^S^^ 2
jT ^^-^^ ^r Mai's ^*^^
24
25
26
27
28
29
show ghatikfls and palas. f This is the name of a peculiar yoga, the declination nf sun and innnii Iji in. then identical.
16 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
The above extract is for the amanta month Bhadrapada or August 31 st to September 2gth,
1 894. The month is divided into its two fortnights. The uppermost horizontal column shews that the
first tithi, "pratipada", was current at sunrise on Friday, and that it ended at 43 gh. 59 p. after
sunrise. The moon was 12 degrees to the east of the sun at that moment, and after that the
second tithi, "dvitSya", commenced. The nakshatra Purva-Phalgunl ended and Uttara-Phalgun!
commenced at 40 gh. i6p. after sunrise. The yoga Siddha ended, and Sadhya began, at 31 gh. 22 p.
after sunrise; and the karana Kirhstughna ended, and Bava began, at 16 gh. 30 p. after sunrise.
The moon was in the sign Simha up to 15 gh. after sunrise and then entered the sign Kanya.
The length of the day was 30 gh. 59 pa. (and consequently the length of the night was 29 gh.
1 pa.). The solar day was the i6th of Simha. l The Muhammadan day was the 29th of Safar,
and the European day was the 3ist of August. This will explain the bulk of the table and
the manner of using it.
Under the heading "other particulars" certain festival days, and some other information
useful for religious and other purposes, are given. To the right, read vertically, are given the
places of the sun and the principal planets at sunrise of the last day of each fortnight in signs
degrees, minutes, and seconds, with their daily motions in minutes and seconds. Thus the
figures under "sun" shew that the sun had, up to the moment in question, travelled through
4 signs, 29 degrees, 27 minutes, and 9 seconds; i.e., had completed 4 signs and stood in the 5th,
Simha, — had completed 29 degrees and stood in the 3Oth, and so on; and that the rate of his daily
motion for that moment was 58 minutes and 30 seconds. Below are shown the same in signs
in the horoscope. The ahargana, here 34—227, means that since the epoch of the Grahala%hava?
i.e., sunrise on amanta Phalguna krishna 3Oth of Saka 1441 expired, or Monday 1 9th March, A.D.
1520, 34 cycles of 4016 days each, and 227 days, had elapsed at sunrise on Saturday the I5th
of the bright half of Bhadrapada. The horoscope entries are almost always given in panchangs
as they are considered excessively important by the Hindus.
3 1 . Tit/its and solar days. Solar or civil days are always named after the week-days, and
where solar reckoning is in use are also counted by numbers, e.g., the ist, 2nd, etc., of a named
solar month. But where solar reckoning does not prevail they bear the names and numerals of
the corresponding tithis. The tithis, however, beginning as they do at any hour of the day, do
not exactly coincide with solar days, and this gives rise to some little difficulty. The general
rule for civil purposes, as well as for some ordinary religious purposes for which no particular
time of day happens to be prescribed, is that the tithi current at sunrise of the solar day
gives its name and numeral to that day, and is coupled with its week-day. Thus Bhadrapada
sukla chaturdasi Sukravara (Friday the i4th of the first or bright fortnight of Bhadrapada) is
that civil day at whose sunrise the tithi called the I4th sukla is current, and its week-day is
Friday. Suppose a written agreement to have been executed between two parties, or an ordinary
religious act to have been performed, at noon on that Friday at whose sunrise Bhadrapada Sukla chatur-
dasi of Saka 1816 expired was current, and which ended (see the table) 5 gh. i8p., (about
2 h. 7 m.) after sunrise, or at about 8.7 a.m. Then these two acts were actually done after the
chaturdasi had ended and the purnima was current, but they would be generally noted as having been
done on Friday sukla chaturdasi. It is, however, permissible, though such instances would be
1 Solar days are not given in Bombay pafichaiigs, but I have entered them here to complete the calendar. Some entries
actually printed in the pauchang are not very useful and are consequently omitted in the extract. [S. B. D.]
2 The sum total of days that have elapsed since any other standard epoch is also called the ahargama. For instance, the ahar-
gana from the beginning of the present kaliyuga is in constant use. The word means "collection of days."
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 17
rare, to state the date of these actions as " Friday purnima;" and sometimes for religious pur-
poses the date would be expressed as "chaturdasl yukta purnima" (the Hth joined with the pur-
nima). Where, however, successive regular dating is kept up, as, for instance, in daily transactions
and accounts, a civil day can only bear the name of the tithi current at its sunrise.
Some religious ceremonies are ordered to be performed on stated tithis and at fixed times of
the day. For example, the worship of the god Ganesa is directed to take place on the Bhadra-
pada sukla chaturthi during the third part (madhyahna) of the five parts of the day. A sraddha,
a ceremony in honour of the pitris (manes), must be performed during the 4th (aparahna) of
these five periods. Take the case of a Brahmana, whose father is dead, and who has to perform
a sraddha on every amavusya. In the month covered by our extract above the amavasya is current
at sunrise on Saturday. It expired at 1 1 gh. 40 p. after sunrise on Saturday, or at about 10.40 a.m.
Now the aparahna period of that Saturday began, of course, later than that hour, and so the
amavasya of this Bhadrapada was current during the aparahna, not of Saturday, but of the previous day,
Friday. The sraddha ordered to be performed on the amavasya must be performed, not on
Saturday, but on Friday in this case. Again, suppose a member of the family to have died on this
same Friday before the end of the tithi krishna chaturdasi, and another on the same day but
after the end of the tithi. A sraddha must be performed in the family every year, according
to invariable Hindu custom, on the tithi on which each person died. Therefore in the present
instance the sraddha of the first man must be performed every year on the day on which
Bhadrapada krishna chaturdasi is current, during the aparahna; while that of the second must
take place on the day on which the amavasya of that month is current during the aparahna,
and this may be separated by a whole day from the first. Lengthy treatises have been written
on this subject, laying down what should be done under all such circumstances. 1
At the time of the performance of religious ceremonies the current tithi, vara, and all other
particulars have to be pronounced; and consequently the tithi, nakshatra, etc., so declared may
differ from the tithi, etc., current at sunrise. There is a vrata (observance, vow) called Saiikashta-
nasana-chatitrthi, by which a man binds himself to observe a fast on every krishna chaturthi up
to moonrise, which takes place about 9 p.m. on that tithi, but is allowed to break the fast afterwards.
And this has of course to be done on the day on which the chaturthi is current at moonrise. From
the above extract the evening of the i8th September, Tuesday, is the day of this chaturthi, for
though the 3rd tithi, tritiya, of the krishna paksha was current at sunrise on Tuesday it
expired at 9 gh. 35 pa. after sunrise, or about 9.50 a.m. If we suppose that this man made a
grant of land at the time of breaking his fast on this occasion, we should find him dating
his grant " krishna chaturthi, Tuesday," though for civil purposes the date is krishna tritiya,
Tuesday.
The general rule may be given briefly that for all practical and civil purposes, as well as
for some ordinary religious purposes, the tithi is connected with that week-day or solar day at
whose sunrise it is current, while for other religious purposes, and sometimes, though rarely,
even for practical purposes also, the tithi which is current at any particular moment of a solar
day or week-day is connected with that day.
32. Adhika and kshaya tithis. Twelve lunar months are equal to about 354 solar days
(see Art. 24. above), but there are 360 tithis during that time and it is thus evident that six tithis
must somehow be expunged in civil (solar) reckoning. Ordinarily a tithi begins on one day and
1 The Nirnayasindhu is one of these authorative works, aud is in general use at the present time in most parts of India.
2
iS THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
ends on the following day, that is it touches two successive civil days. It will be seen, however,
from its length (Art. j above) that a tithi may sometimes begin and end within the limits of
the same natural day ; while sometimes on the contrary it touches three natural days, occupying
the whole of one and parts of the two on each side of it.
A tithi on which the sun does not rise is expunged. It has sustained a diminution or
loss (kshaya), and is called a kshaya tithi. On the other hand, a tithi on which the sun rises
twice is repeated. It has sustained an increase (vriddhi), and is called an adhika, or added, tithi.
Thus, for example, in the paiichang extract given above (Art. jo) there is no sunrise during
krishna saptami (/th), and it is therefore expunged. Krishna shashthi (6th) was current at sunrise on
Friday, for it ended 1 6 palas after sunrise; while krishna saptami began 16 palas after that sunrise and
ended before the next sunrise ; and krishna ashtami (8th) is current at sunrise on the Saturday.
The first day is therefore named civilly the (6th) shashthi, Friday, and the second is named (8th)
ashtami, Saturday ; while no day is left for the saptami, and it has necessarily to be expunged
altogether, though, strictly speaking, it was current for a large portion of that Friday. On the
other hand, there are two sunrises on Bhadrapada sukla trayodasi (sukla I3th), and that tithi
is therefore repeated. It commenced after 56 gh. 44 pa. on Tuesday, i.e., in European reckoning
about 4.20 a.m. on the Wednesday morning, was current on the whole of Wednesday, and
ended on Thursday at i gh. 23 pa. after sunrise, or about 6.33 a.m. It therefore touched the
Tuesday (reckoned from sunrise to sunrise) the Wednesday and the Thursday; two natural civil
days began on it; two civil days, Wednesday and Thursday, bear its numeral (13); and therefore
it is said to be repeated. l
In the case of an expunged tithi the day on which it begins and ends is its week-day.
In the case of a repeated tithi both the days at whose sunrise it is current are its week-days.
A clue for finding when a tithi is probably repeated or expunged is given in Art. 142.
Generally there are thirteen expunctions (kshayas) and seven repetitions '(vriddhis) of
tithis in twelve lunar months.
'The day on which no tithi ends, or on which two tithis end, is regarded as inauspicious.
In the paiichang extract above (Art. 30) Bhadrapada sukla trayodasi Wednesday, and
Bhadrapada krishna shashthi, Friday (on which the saptami was expunged), were therefore
inauspicious.
33. It will be seen from the above that it is an important problem with regard
to the Indian mode of reckoning time to ascertain what tithi, nakshatra, yoga, or karana was
current at sunrise on any day, and when it began and ended. Our work solves this problem
in all cases.
34. Variation on account of longitude. The moment of time when the distance between
the sun and moon amounts to 12, or any multiple of 12, degrees, or, in other words, the moment
of time when a tithi ends, is the same for all places on the earth's surface ; and this also applies to
nakshatras, yogas, and karanas. But the moment of sunrise of course varies with the locality,
and therefore the ending moments of divisions of time such as tithis, when referred to sun-
rise, differ at different places. For instance, the tithi Bhadrapada sukla purnima (see above Art. 30)
ended at Poona at 8 gh. u pa. after sunrise, or about 9.16 a.m. At a place where the sun
rose i gh. earlier than it does at Poona the tithi would evidently have ended one ghatika later,
or at 9 gh. 1 1 pa. after sunrise, or at about 9.40 a.m. On the other hand, at a place where
1 Any assertions or definitions by previous writers on Hindu Chronology or Astronomy contrary to the above definitions
and examples arc certainly erroneous, and due to misapprehension. [S. B. D.]
THE HINDU CALENDAR. »;
the sun rose i gh. later than at Poona the tithi would have ended when 7 gh. 1 1 pa. had
elapsed since the sunrise at that place, or at about 8.52 a.m.
3 5 . For this reason the expunction and repetition of tithis often differs in different local-
ities. Thus the nakshatra Purvashadha (see panchaiig extract Art. 30} was 58 gh. 1 1 pa. ' at Poona
on Sunday, sukla roth. At a place which is on the same parallel of latitude, but 12
degrees eastward, the sun rises 2 gh. earlier than at Poona, and there this nakshatra ended
(58 gh. II pa. -j- 2 gh — ) 60 gh. ii pa. after sunrise on Sunday, that is at u pa. after sunrise
on Monday. It therefore touches three natural days, and therefore it (Purvashadha) is repeated,
whereas at Poona it is Uttarashadha which is repeated. On the other hand, the nakshatra
Magha on Krishna I3th was 3 gh. 4 pa., and Purva-phalguni was (3 gh. 4 pa. -f 56 gh. 8 51 pa. =)
59 gh 55 Pa- at Poona. At a place which has the same latitude as Poona, but is situated even at
so short a distance as i degree to the east, the nakshatra Purva-phalguni ended 60 gh. 5 pa after
sunrise on Thursday, that is 5 pa. after sunrise on Friday; and therefore there will be no
kshaya of that nakshatra at that place, but the following nakshatra Uttara phalguni will be
expunged there.
36. True or apparent, and mean, time. The sun, or more strictly the earth in its orbit,
travels, not in the plane of the equator, but in that of the ecliptic, and with a motion which varies
every day ; the length of the day, therefore, is not always the same even on the equator. But for
calculating the motions of the heavenly bodies it is evidently convenient to have a day of uniform
length, and for this reason astronomers, with a view of obtaining a convenient and uniform
measure of time, have had recourse to a mean solar day, the length of which is equal to
the mean or average of all the apparent solar days in the year. An imaginary sun, called the
mean sun, is conceived to move uniformly in the equator with the mean angular velocity of the
true sun. The days marked by this mean sun will all be equal, and the interval between two
successive risings of the mean sun on the equator is the duration of the mean solar day, viz., 24
hours or 60 ghatikas. The time shown by the true sun is called true or apparent time, and the
time shown by the mean sun is known as mean time. Clocks and watches, whose hands move,
at least in theory, with uniform velocity, evidently give us mean time. With European astronomers
"mean noon" is the moment when the mean sun is on the meridian; and the "mean time" at
any instant is the hour angle of the mean sun reckoned westward from o h. to 24 h., mean
noon being o h. for astronomical purposes.
Indian astronomers count the day from sunrise, to sunrise, and give, at least in theory,
the ending moments of tithis in time reckoned from actual or true sunrise. The true or apparent
time of a place, therefore, in regard to the Indian panchang, is the time counted from true
(i.e., actual) sunrise at that place. For several reasons it is convenient to take mean sunrise on
the equator under any given meridian to be the mean sunrise at all places under the same merid-
ian. The mean sunrise at any place is calculated as taking place at o gh. or o h. — roughly
6 a.m. in European civil reckoning; and the mean time of a place is the time counted from
o gh. or o h.
The moment of true sunrise is of course not always the same at all places, but varies with
the latitude and longitude. Even at the same place it varies with the declination of the sun, which
1 Instead of writing at full length that such and such a tithi "ends at so many ghatikas after sunrise", Indian astronomers
say for brevity that the tithi "is so many ghatikfU". The phrase is so used in the text in this sense.
- In the case of kshayas in the panch&ug extract the ghatikas of expunged tithis etc., are to be counted after the end of the
previous tithi etc. In some panchangs the ghatikfis from sunrise — 59 gh. 55pa. in the present instance— are given.
20 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
varies every day of the year. And at any given place, and on any given day of the year, it is not
the same for all years. The calculation, therefore, of the exact moment of true sunrise at any
place is very complicated —too complicated to be given in this work, ' the aim of which is
extreme simplicity and readiness of calculation, and therefore mean time at the meridian of
Ujjain - or Lanka is used throughout what follows.
All ending moments of tithis calculated by our method C (Arts, ijp to 160) are in Ujjain
mean time; and to convert Ujjain mean time into that of any other given place the difference
of longitude in time — 4 minutes (10 palas) to a degree — should be added or subtracted according
as the place is east or west of Ujjain. Table XI. gives the differences of longitude in time for
some of the most important places of India.
The difference between the mean and apparent (true) time of any place in India at the
present day varies from nil (in March and October) to 26 minutes (in January and June) in
the extreme southern parts of the peninsular. It is nowhere more than 65 minutes.
37. Basis of calculation for the Tables. All calculations made in this work in accordance
with luni-solar reckoning are based on the S&rya-Siddhanta, and those for solar reckoning on the
Surya and Arya Siddhantas. The elements of the other authorities being somewhat different, the
ending moments of tithis etc., or the times of sankrantis as calculated by them may sometimes
differ from results obtained by this work; and it must never be forgotten that, when checking the date
of a document or record which lays down, for instance, that on a certain week-day there fell a certain
tithi, nakshatra, or yoga, we can only be sure of accuracy in our results if we can ascertain
the actual Siddhanta or other authority used by the author of the calendar which the drafter
of the document consulted. Prof. Jacobi has given Tables for several of the principal Siddhantas
in the Epigraphica Indica (Vol. II., pp. 403 et seq.\ and these may be used whenever a doubt
exists on the point.
Although all possible precautions have been taken, there, must also be a slight
element of uncertainty in the results of a calculation made by our Tables owing to the difference
between mean and apparent time, independently of that arising from the use of different
authorities. Owing to these two defects it is necessary sometimes to be cautious. If by any
calculation it is found that a certain tithi, nakshatra, yoga, or karana ended nearly at
the close of a solar day — as, for example, 55 ghatikas after mean sunrise on a Sunday, i.e., 5
ghatikas before sunrise on the Monday — it is possible that it really ended shortly after true sunrise
on the Monday. And, similarly, if the results shew that a certain tithi ended shortly after
the commencement of a solar day, — for instance, 5 ghatikas after mean sunrise on a Sunday, — it
is possible that it really ended shortly before the true termination of the preceding day, Saturday.
1 Since this work was in the Press, Professor Jacobi has published in the Epiyraphia Indica (Vol. II., pp. 487— 498) a treatise
with tables for the calculation of Hindu dates in true local time, to which we refer our readers.
2 Here Lanka is not Ceylon, but a place supposed to be on the equator, or in lat. 0° 0' 0" on the meridian of Ujjain, or
longitude 75° 46'. It is of great importance to know the eiact east longitude of Ujjain, since upon it depends the verification of
apparent phenomena throughout India. Calculation by the different Siddhlntas can be checked by the best European science if that
point can be certainly determined. The great Trigonometical Survey map makes the centre of the city 75° 49' 45" E. long, and
23° 11' 10" N. lat. But this is subject to two corrections; first, a correction of 1' 9" to reduce the longitude to the origin of the
Madras Observatory taken as 80° 17' 21", and secondly, a farther reduction of 2' 30" to reduce it to the latest value, 80° 14' 51",
of that Observatory, total 3' 39". This reduces the E. long, of the centre of Ujjain city to 75° 46' 06". I take it therefore, that
amidst conflicting authorities, the best of whom vary from 75° 43' to 75° 51', we may for the present accept 75° 46' as the nearest
approach to the truth. The accuracy of the base, the Observatory of Madras, will before long be again tested, and whatever difference
is found to exist between the new fixture and 80° 14' 51", that difference applied to 75° 46' will give the correct value of the
E. long, we require. [R. S.]
THE HINDU CALENDAR.
Five ghatikas is not the exact limit, nor of course the fixed limit. The period varies from nil
•to about five ghatikas, rarely more in the case of tithis, nakshatras, and karanas; but in the case
of yogas it will sometimes reach seven ghatikas.
Calculations made by our method C will result in the finding of a " tithi index " (A), or
a nakshatra or yoga-index («. or y.), all of which will be explained further on; but it may
be stated in this connection that when at any ascertained mean sunrise it is found that the
resulting index is within 30 of the ending index of the tithi, (Table VIII., col. ?), nakshatra or
karana (id. col. 8, 9, 10), or within 50 of the ending index of a yogd (id. col. / j), it is possible
that the result may be one day wrong, as explained above. The results arrived at by our
Tables, however, may be safely relied on for all ordinary purposes.
38. Nakshatras There are certain conspicuous stars or groups of stars in the moon's
observed path in the heavens, and from a very remote age these have attracted attention.
They are called in Sanskrit "Nakshatras". They were known to the Chaldceans and to the ancient
Indian Aryas. Roughly speaking the moon makes one revolution among the stars in about 27 days,
and this no doubt led to the number ' of nakshatras being limited to 27.
The distance between the chief stars, called yoga-taras, of the different nakshatras is not
uniform. Naturally it should be 13° 20', but, in some cases it is less than 7°, while in others
it is more than 20°. It is probable that in ancient times the moon's place was fixed merely by stating
that she was near a particular named nakshatra (star) on a certain night, or on a certain occasion.
Afterwards it was found necessary to make regular divisions of the moon's path in her orbit, for
the sake of calculating and foretelling her position; and hence the natural division of the ecliptic,
consisting of twenty-seven equal parts, came into use, and each of these parts was called after a
separate nakshatra (sec Art. 8}. The starry nakshatras, however, being always in view and familiar
for many centuries, could not be dispensed with, and therefore a second and unequal division
was resorted to. Thus two systems of nakshatras came into use. One we call the ordinary or equal-
space system, the other the unequal-space system. The names of the twenty-seven stellar nakshatras
are given to both sets. In the equal-space system each nakshatra has 13° 20' of space, and when
the sun, the moon, or a planet is between o°, i.e., no degrees, and 1 3° 20' in longitide it is said to be in
the first nakshatra Asvini, and so on. The unequal-space system is of two kinds. One is described
by Garga and others, and is called here the "Garga system." According to it fifteen of the
nakshatras are held to be of equal average (mean) length — -i.e., 13° 20', — but six measure one
and-a-half times the average — i.e., 20°, and six others only half the average, viz., 6° 40'. The other
system is described by Brahmagupta and others, and therefore we call it the " Brahma-Siddhanta "
system. In its leading feature it is the same with Garga's system, but it differs a little from
Garga's in introducing Abhijit in addition to the twenty-seven ordinary nakshatras. The moon's
daily mean motion, — 13 degrees, 10 minutes, 35 seconds, — is taken as the average space of a
nakshatra. And as the total of the spaces thus allotted to the usual twenty-seven nakshatras,
on a similar arrangement of unequal spaces, amounts to only 355 degrees, 45 minutes, 45 seconds,
the remainder, — 4 degrees, 14 minutes, 15 seconds, — is allotted to Abhijit, as an additional
nakshatra placed between Uttara-Ashadha and Sravana.
The longitude of the ending points of all the nakshatras according to these three systems
1 The mean length of the moon's revolution among the stars is 27.32166 days (27. 32167* according to the SArya SiitMunta).
Its least duratiou is 27 days, 4 hours, and the srre;itest about 7 hour» IUUI:CT. The number of days is thus between 27 and 2S, and
therefore the number of nakshutnis was sometimes taken as 28 by the ancient Indian Aryas. The extra nakshnini is called
(See Table VIII,, col. 7.) [S. B. D.]
22
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
is given below. The entries of "l/2" and "11/2" in subcolumn 3 mark the variation in length
from the average.
The nakshatras by any of these systems, for all years between 300 and 1900 A. D., can
be calculated by our Tables (see method "C", Arts. 139 to 160). The indices for them, adapted
to our Tables, are given in Table VIII., cols. 8, 9, 10.
The ordinary or equal-space system of nakshatras is in general use at the present day, the un-
equal-space systems having almost dropped out of use. They were, however, undoubtedly prevalent to a
great extent in early times, and they were constantly made use of on important religious occasions. 1
Longtitudes of the Ending-points of the Nakshatras.
Order of the Nakshatras.
System of Equal
Spaces.
Systems of Unequal Spaces.
Garga System.
Brahma-Siddhanta
System.
1
2
3
| 4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Asvini
Deg. Min.
13° 20'
26 40
40 0
53 20
66 40
80 0
93 20
106 40
120 0
133 20
146 40
160 0
173 20
186 40
200 0
213 20
226 40
240 0
253 20
266 40
280 0
293 20
306 40
320 0
333 20
346 40
360 0
'/»
VI* m
>k
VI,
lll
1V«
>/2
1>I2
>/2
l'/2
(Balance)
'/2
Vk
Deg. Min. Sec.
13° 20' 0
20 00
33 20 0
53 20 0
66 40 0
73 20 0
93 20 0
106 40 0
113 20 0
126 40 0
140 0 0
160 0 0
173 20 0
186 40 0
193 20 0
213 20 0
226 40 0
233 20 0
246 40 0
260 0 0
280 0 0
293 20 0
306 40 0
313 20 0
326 40 0
346 40 0
360 0 0
Deg. Miu. Sec.
13° 10' 35"
19 45 52Va
32 56 27'/2
52 42 20
65 52 55
72 28 12'fe
92 14 5
105 24 40
111 59 57'/2
125 10 82Va
138 21 71/5
158 7 0
171 17 35
184 28 10
191 3 27'A>
210 49 20
223 59 55
230 35 12'/3
243 45 47'/s
256 56 22'fe
276 42 15
280 56 30
294. 7 5
307 17 40
313 52 57V>
327 3 32'/s
346 49 25
360 0 0
Bharau! .
Krittika
Robin! . .
Mrigasiras . .
Ardra
Punarvasu
Pushya . . .
Aslesha
Magha . . .
Purva-Phalguni ....
Uttara-Phalguni . . .
Haste
Chitra
Svati ....
Viffikha . . .
Anuradha
Jveshtha. . .
Mfila . .
Punra-Ashadha ....
Uttara-Asbadha ....
(Abhijit)
Sravana . .
Dhanishthil or Sravishtha
Satataraka or Satabhishaj
Purva-Bhadrapada . . .
Uttara-Bhadrapada. . .
Revati. . . .
39. Auspicious Yogas. Besides the 27 yogas described above (Art. 9), and quite different
from them, there are in the Indian Calendar certain conjunctions, also called yogas, which only
occur when certain conditions, as, for instance, the conjunction of certain varas and nakshatras,
or varas and tithis, are fulfilled. Thus, when the nakshatra Hasta falls on a Sunday there occurs
1 These systems of uakshatras are more fully described by me in relation to the "twelve-year cycle of Jupiter" in Vol. XVII.
of the Ind. Ant., (p. 2 ff.) [S. B. D.]
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 23
an amritii siddkiyoga. In the panchang extract (Art.jo) given above there is an amrita siddhiyoga
on the 2nd, 5th and i8th of September. It is considered an auspicious yoga, while some yogas
are inauspicious.
40. Karanas. A karana being half a tithi, there are 60 karanas in a lunar month. There
are seven karanas in a series of eight cycles — total 56 — every month, from the second half of
sukla pratipada (ist) up to the end of the first half of krishna chaturdasi (i4th). The other four
karanas are respectively from the second half of krishna chaturdasi d4th) to the end of the first
half of sukla pratipada. '
Table VIII., col. 4, gives the serial numbers and names of karanas for the first half, and
col. 5 for the second half, of each tithi.
400. Eclipses. Eclipses of the sun and moon play an important part in inscriptions, since,
according to ancient Indian ideas, the value of a royal grant was greatly enhanced by its being
made on the occasion of such a phenomenon; and thus it often becomes essential that the moments
of their occurrence should be accurately ascertained. The inscription mentions a date, and an
eclipse as occurring on that date. Obviously we shall be greatly assisted in the determination of
the genuineness of the inscription if we can find out whether such was actually the case. Up to
the present the best list of eclipses procurable has been that published by Oppolzer in his
''Canon dcr Finslernisse" (Denkscliriftcn der Kaiscrl. Akadcinie der WisseHschaftcn. \~icnna,
l'ii/. Lff.J, but this concerns the whole of our globe, not merely a portion like India; the standard
meridian is that of Greenwich, requiring correction for longitude ; and the accompanying maps are
on too small a scale to be useful except as affording an approximation from which details can
be worked out. Our object is to save our readers from the necessity of working out such
complicated problems. Prof. Jacobi's Tables in the Indian Antiquary (Vol. XVII.) and l;.pigrapliia
Indica (Vol. II.) afford considerable help, but do not entirely meet the requirements of the
situation. Dr. Schram's contribution to this volume, and the lists prepared by him, give the dates
of all eclipses in India and the amount of obscuration observable at any place. His article speaks
for itself, but we think it will be well be add a few notes.
Prof. Jacobi writes (Kpig. hid., II., p. 422): — "The eclipses mentioned in inscriptions are
not always actually observed eclipses, but calculated ones. My reasons for this opinion are the
following : Firstly, eclipses are auspicious moments, when donations, such as are usually recorded
in inscriptions, are particularly meritorious. They were therefore probably selected for such
occasions, and must accordingly have been calculated beforehand. No doubt they were entered
in panchaiigs or almanacs in former times as they are now. Secondly, even larger eclipses
of the sun, up to seven digits, pass unobserved by common people, and smaller ones are only
visible under favourable circumstances. Thirdly, the Hindus place implicit trust in their Sastras,
and would not think it necessary to test their calculations by actual observation. The writers
of inscriptions would therefore mention an eclipse if they found one predicted in their almanacs."
Our general Table will occasionally be found of use. Thus a lunar eclipse can only occur
at the time of full moon (purnima), and can only be visible when the moon is above the horizon
at the place of the observer; so that when the purnima is found by our Tables to occur dur-
ing most part of the daytime there can be no visible eclipse. But it is possibly visible
if the purnima is found, on any given meridian, to end within 4 ghatikas after sunrise, or within
4 ghatikas before sunset. A solar eclipse occurs only on an amavasya or new moon day. If
1 According to the Stiniti-X'nlil/ia.it:' the four kanum, are Sakuni, N'aira, Cliatuslipa'ln and Kiiiistughna, but we have followed the
present practice of Western India, which is supported by VarAhamihira and Brahinagupta.
24 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
the amavasya ends between sunset and sunrise it is not visible. If it ends between sunrise and
sunset it may be visible, but not of course always.
41. Lunar months and their names. The usual modern system of naming lunar months
is given above (Art. 14), and the names in use will be found in Tables II. and III. In early times,
however, the months were known by another set of names, which are given below, side by side
with those by which they are at present known.
Ancient names. Modern names. Ancient names. Modern names.
1. Madhu Chaitra 7. Isha Asvina
2. Madhava Vaisakha 8. Urja Karttika
3. Sukra Jyeshtha 9. Sahas Margaslrsha
4. Suchi Ashadha to. Sahasya Pausha
5. Nabhas Sravana u. Tapas Magha
6. Nabhasya Bhadrapada 12. Tapasya Phalguna
The names "Madhu" and others evidently refer to certain seasons and may be called season-
names l to distinguish them from " Chaitra " and those others which are derived from the nakshatras.
The latter may be termed sidereal names or star-names. Season-names are now nowhere in use,
but are often met with in Indian works on astronomy, and in Sanskrit literature generally.
The season-names of months are first met with in the mantra sections, or the Samhitas,
of both the Yajur-Vedas, and are certainly earlier than the sidereal names which are not
found in the Samhitas of any of the Vedas, but only in some of the Brahmanas, and even
there but seldom. 2
42. The sidereal names "Chaitra", etc., are originally derived from the names of the
nakshatras. The moon in her revolution passes about twelve times completely through the
twenty-seven starry nakshatras in the course of the year, and of necessity is at the full while
close to some of them. The full-moon tithi (purnima), on which the moon became full when
near the nakshatra Chitra, was called Chaitn; and the lunar month which contained the Chaitri
purnima was called Chaitra and so on.
43. But the stars or groups of stars which give their names to the months are not at
equal distances from one another; and as this circumstance, — together with the phenomenon of
the moon's apparent varying daily motion, and the fact that her synodic differs from her sidereal
revolution — prevents the moon from becoming full year after year in the same nakshatra, it was
natural that, while the twenty-seven nakshatras were allotted to the twelve months, the months
themselves should be named by taking the nakshatras more or less alternately. The nakshatras
thus allotted to each month are given on the next page.
44. It is clear that this practice, though it was natural in its origin and though it was
ingeniously modified in later years, must often have occasioned considerable confusion; and
so we find that the months gradually ceased to have their names regulated according to the
conjunction of full moons and nakshatras, and were habitually named after the solar months
in which they occurred. This change began to take place about 1400 B. C., the time of the
1 Hadhn is "honey", "sweet spring". Mddhava, "the sweet one". Sttkra and Suchi both mean "bright". Nabhas, the rainy
season. Nabhasya, "vapoury", "rainy". Ish or Isha, "draught" or "refreshment", "fertile". Urj, "strength", "vigour". Sahas
"strength". Sahasya "strong". Tapas "penance", "mortification", "pain", "fire". Tapasya, "produced by heat", "pain". All
are Vedic words.
2 In my opinion the sidereal names "Chaitra" and the rest, came into use about 2000 B. C. They are certainly not later
than 1500 B.C., and not earlier than 4000 B.C. [S. B D.]
THE HINDU CALENDAR.
Vedanga-jyotiska\ and from the time when the zodiacal-sign-names, "Mesha" and the rest,
came into use till the present day, the general rule has been that that amanta lunar month in
which the Mesha sankranti occurs, is called Chaitra, and the rest in succession.
Derivation of the Names of the Lunar Months from the Nakshatras.
Names and Grouping of the Nakshatras.
Names of the Months.
Krittika- Rohiu!
K&rttika.
Mrigasiras; Ardra
Punarvasu; Pushya
Aslesha- AIa"hu
Margasirsha.
Pausha.
High*
Purva-Phalgunt; Uttara-Phalgun! ; Hasta
Chitra; Svati
Phalguna.
Chaitra.
Visakhd; Anuradha
Vaisakha.
Jyeshtha; Mula
Jyeshtha.
Purva-Ashadha ; XJttara-Ashadha; (Abhijit)
(Abhijit); Sravana; Dhanishthft
Satataraka; Purva-Bhadrapada ; Uttura-Bhadrapada
Revati; Asvini; liharaiii . •
Ashadha.
Sravana.
Bh&drapada
Asvina.
45. Adhika and kshaya masas. It will be seen from Art. 24 that the mean length of
a solar month is greater by about nine-tenths of a day than that of a lunar month, and that the
true length of a solar month, according to the Surya-Siddhanta, varies from 29 d. 7 h. 38 m.
to 3 1 d. 1 5 h. 28 m. Now the mpon's synodic motion, viz., her motion relative to the sun, is also
irregular, and consequently all the lunar months vary in length. The variation is approximately
from 29 d. 7 h. 20 m. to 29 d. 19 h. 30 m., and thus it is clear that in a lunar month there will
often be no solar sankranti, and occasionally, though rarely, two. This will be best understood
by the following table and explanation. (See p. 26.)
We will suppose (see the left side of the diagram, cols. 1,2.) that the sun entered the sign Mesha, —
that is, that the Mesha sankranti took place, and therefore the solar month Mesha commenced,—
shortly before the end of an amanta lunar month, which was accordingly named " Chaitra " in con-
formity with the above rule (Art. 14, or 44) ; that the length of the solar month Mesha was greater than
that of the following lunar month; and that the sun therefore stood in the same sign during
the whole of that lunar month, entering the sign Vrishabha shortly after the beginning of the
third lunar month, which was consequently named Vaisakha because the Vrishabha sankranti
took place, and the solar month Vrishabha commenced, in it, — the Vrishabha sankranti being
the one next following the Mesha sankranti. Ordinarily there is one sankranti in each lunar
month, but in the present instance there was no sankranti whatever in the second lunar month
lying between Chaitra and Vaisakha.
The lunar month in which there is no sankranti is called an adliika (added or intercalated)
month ; while the month which is not adhika, but is a natural month because a sankranti actually
occurred in it, is called nija, i.e., true or regular month. ' We thus have an added month
between natural Chaitra and natural Vaisakha.
1 Professor Kielhorn is satisfied that the terms adhika and nija are quite modern, the nomenclature usually adopted in docu-
ments and inscriptions earlier then the present century being pralhama (first) and dvitiyd (second). He alluded to this in Ind.
Ant., XX., p. 411. [R. 8.]
26
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
The next peculiarity is that when there are two sankrantis in a lunar month there is a
kshaya masa, or a complete expunction of a month. Suppose, for instance, that the Vrischika
saiikranti took place shortly after the beginning of the amanta lunar month Karttika (see the
lower half of the diagram col. 2) ; that in the next lunar month the Dhanus-sankranti took place
Amanta
lunar
months.
Solar months;
sankrdnti to
sankniiiti.
fortnights.
I'l'niimdnla lunar months. 1
By uiif
system.
Jit/ another
system.
1
2
3
4
5
Chaitra.
f
— Mesha saiikranti
111
jn
— Vrishabha sarikranli
1
(Several monti
— Vrischika saiikranti
!
Sukla
1/2 Chaitra
1/g Chaitra
Krishna
Vaisakha
First Vaisakha
Adhika
Vaisilkha
Sukla
Adhika
Vaisakha
Krishna
Second Vaisakha
Nija
Vaisakha
Sukla < Vaisakha
Krishna i 1/2 Jyeshtha
1/2 Jyeshtha
Karttika
« are omitted
Sukla
here.)
1/2 Karttika
1/2 Karttika
j
— Dhanus sankranti j
!
Krishna
Mtrgifinlu
Margasirsha
Murgasirsha |
(Pmuha (
suppressed) 1
Sukla
i
— Makara saiikranti '
\
1
Krishna
(Pausha
si'jipresied)
Magha
/
(Pausha
suppressed^
Magha
Magha
Sukla
i Krishna (
— Kumbha saiikranti ' '
1/2 Phalguna
I'o Phalguna
shortly after it began, and the Makara-sankranti shortly before it ended, so that there were
two sankrantis in it ; and that in the third month the Kumbha-sankranti took place before the end
of it. The lunar month in which the Kumbha-sankranti occurred is naturally the month Magha.
Thus between the natural Karttika and the natural Magha there was only one lunar month instead
of two, and consequently one is said to be expunged.
46. Their names. It will be seen that the general brief rule (Art. 4.4) for naming lunar
months is altogether wanting in many respects, and therefore rules had to be framed to meet
the emergency. But different rules were framed by different teachers, and so arose a difference
in practice. The rule followed at present is given in the following verse.
Minadistho Ravir yesham arai'nbha-pratJiame kshane \ bhavet te 'bde Chandra inasas
chaltradya dvadasa sinritah."
The scheme of pdrnimdnta months and the rule for naming the intercalated months known to have been in use from the
12th century A.D., are followed in this diagram.
THE HIND U C.I 1 A.\ HAR. 27
" The twelve lunar months, at whose first moment the sun stands in Mina and the following
[signs], are called Chaitra, and the others [in succession]."
According to this rule the added month in the above example (Art. 45) will be named
Vaisakha, since the sun was in Mesha when it began ; and in the example of the expunged
month the month between the natural Karttika and the natural Magha will be named Margasirsha,
because the sun was in Vrischika when it commenced, and Pausha will be considered as expunged.
This rule is given in a work named Kalatatva-vivechana, and is attributed to the sage Vyasa. The
celebrated astronomer Bhaskaracharya (A. D. 1150) seems to have followed the same rule, ' and
it must therefore have been in use at least as early as the 1 2th century A. D. As it is the general
rule obtaining through most part of India in the present day we have followed it in this work.
There is another rule which is referred to in some astronomical and other works, and is
attributed to the Brakma-Siddhanta. • It is as follows :
" Meshadisthe Savitari yo yo mas ah prapuryate chandrah | Chaitradyah sa jneyak piirtid-
vitve 'dhimaso 'ntyah." ||
"That lunar month which is completed when the sun is in [the sign] Mesha etc., is to be
known as Chaitra, etc. [respectively] ; when there are two completions, the latter [of them] is an
added month."
It will be seen from the Table given above (p. 26) that for the names of ordinary months
both rules are the same, but that they differ in the case of added and suppressed months. The
added month between natural Chaitra and natural Vaisakha, in the example in Art. 45, having
ended when the sun was in Mesha, would be named "Chaitra" by this second rule, but "Vai-
sakha" by the first rule, because it commenced when the sun was in Mesha. Again, the month
between natural Karttika and natural Magha, in the example of an expunged month, having
ended when the sun was in Makara, would be named "Pausha" by this second rule, and conse-
quently Margasirsha would be expunged; while by the first rule it would be named " Margasirsha "
since it commenced when the sun was in Vrischika, and Pausha would be the expunged
month. It will be noticed, of course, that the difference is only in name and not in the period
added or suppressed. 3 Both these rules should be carefully borne in mind when studying
inscriptions or records earlier than iioo A. D.
47. Their determination according to true an d mean systems. It must be noted with regard
to the intercalation and suppression of months, that whereas at present these are regulated by the sun's
and moon's apparent motion, — in other words, by the apparent length of the solar and lunar
months — and though this practice has been in use at least from A. D. iioo and was followed
by Bhaskaracharya, there is evidence to show that in earlier times they were regulated by
the mean length of months. It was at the epoch of the celebrated astronomer Sripati, 4 or about
A. D. 1040, that the change of practice took place, as evidenced by the following passage in
his Siddhanta Sekhara, (quoted in the Jyotisha-darpana, in A. D. 155 7.)
1 See his Siddlidnttt-Siromani, madhyamiidhikdra, adliimdsaniriiaya, verse 6, and his own commentary on it. [S. B. D.]
2 It is not to be found in either of the Brahma-Siddhiintas referred to above, but there is a third Brahma-Siddhanta which
1 have not seen as yet. [S. B. D.]
3 In Prof. Chattre's list of added and suppressed months, in those published in Mr. Cowasjee Patells' Chronology, and in
General Sir A. Cunningham's Indian Eras it is often noted that the same month is both added und suppressed. But it is clear from
the above rules and definitions that this is impossible. A month cannot be both added and suppressed at the same time. The mistake
arose probably from resort being made to the first rale for naming adhika months, and to the second for the suppressed mouths.
4 Thanks are due to .Mr. Mahadco Chimpaji Apte, B.A., L.L.B., ven recently deceased, the founder of the AnandSsrama at
Poona, for ^his discovery of a part of Sripati's Karatui named the Dhlkotida, from which I got Sripati's date. I find that it was
written in Saka 961 expired (A.B. 1039-40). [S. B. D.]
28 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
Madhyama-Ravi-saiikranti-pravesa-rahito bhaved adkikah
Madhyas Chandra maso madkyadhika-lakshanam chaitat ||
Vidvafnsas-tv-acharya nirasya madhyadhikafn masam
Kuryuh sphuta-manena hi yato 'dhikah spashta eva syat. ||
"The lunar month which has no mean sun's entrance into a sign shall be a mean intercal-
ated month. This is the definition of a mean added month. The learned Acharyas should leave
off [using] the mean added months, and should go by apparent reckoning, by which the added
month would be apparent (true)."
It is clear, therefore, that mean intercalations were in use up to SrSpatis time. In the Ve-
dahga Jyotisha only the mean motions of the sun and moon are taken into account, and it
may therefore be assumed that at that time the practice of regulating added and suppressed
months by apparent motions was unknown. These apparent motions of the sun and moon are
treated of in the astronomical Siddhantas at present in use, and so far as is known the present
system of astronomy came into force in India not later than 400 A. D. 1 But on the other
hand, the method of calculating the ahargana (a most important matter), and of calculating the
places of planets, given in the Siirya and other Siddhantas, is of such a nature that it seems
only natural to suppose that the system of mean intercalations obtained for many centuries after
the present system of astronomy came into force, and thus we find Sripati's utterance quoted in an
astronomical work of the I5th century. There can be no suppression of the month by the mean
system, for the mean length of a solar month is longer than that of a mean lunar month, and
therefore two mean sankrantis cannot take place in a mean lunar month.
The date of the adoption of the true (apparent) system of calculating added and suppressed
months is not definitely known. Bhaskaracharya speaks of suppressed months, and it seems
from his work that mean intercalations were not known in his time (A. D. 1150.) We have
therefore in our Tables given mean added months up to A. D. i ioo. and true added and sup-
pressed months for the whole period covered by our Tables. 3
48. For students more familiar with solar reckoning we will give the rules for the intercala-
tion and suppression of months in another form. Ordinarily one lunar month ends in each solar
month. When two lunar months end in a solar month the latter of the two is said to be an
adliika (added or intercalated) month, and by the present practice it receives the name of the
following natural lunar month, but with the prefix adliika. Thus in the Table on p. 25, two
lunar months end during the solar month Mesha, the second of which is adhika and receives,
by the present practice, the name of the following natural lunar month, Vaisakha. When no
lunar month ends in a solar month there is a kshaya masa, or expunged or suppressed month ;
i.e., the name of one lunar month is altogether dropped, viz., by the present practice, the one
following that which would be derived from the solar month. Thus, in the Table above, no lunar
month ends in the solar month Dhanus. Margasirsha is the name of the month in which the
Dhanus sankranti occurs; the name Pausha is therefore expunged.
The rule for naming natural lunar months, and the definition of, and rule for naming, added
1 Up to recently the date was considered to be about the 6th century A.D. Dr. Thibaut, one of the highest living authorities
on Indian Astronomy, fixes it at 400 A.D. (See his edition of the Pancha Siddhdntikii Introd., p. LX.). My own opinion is that it
came into existence not later than the 2nd century B.C. [S. B. D.]
1 I am inclined to believe that of the two rules for naming lunar months the second was connected with the mean system
of added months, and that the first came into existence with the adoption of the true system. But I am not as yet in possession of
any evidence on the point. See, however, the note to Art. 51 below. [S. B. D.]
THE HTNDU CALENDAR. *9
and suppressed months, may be summed up as follows. That amanta lunar month in which the
Mesha saiikranti occurs is called Chaitra, and the rest in succession. That amanta lunar month
in which there is no sankranti is adhika and receives the name (i) of the. preceding natural lunar
month by the old Brakma-Siddh&nta rule, (2) of the following natural lunar month by the present
rule. When there are two sarikrantis in one amanta lunar month, the name which would be
derived from the first is dropped by the old Brahma-Siddhanta rule, the name which would be
derived from the second is dropped by the present rule.
49. Different results by different Siddliantas. The use of different Siddhantas will some-
times create a difference in the month to be intercalated or suppressed, but only when a san-
kranti takes place very close ' to the end of the amavasya. Such cases will be rare. Our
calculations for added and suppressed months have been made by the Surya-Siddhanta,
and to assist investigation we have been at the pains to ascertain and particularize the
exact moments (given in tithi-indices, and tithis and decimals) of the sankrantis preceding and
succeeding an added or suppressed month, from which it can be readily seen if there be a probability
of any divergence in results if a different Siddkanta be used. The Special Tables published by
Professor Jacobi in the Epigraphia Indica (Vol., II., pp. 403 ff. ) must not be relied on for calculations
of added and suppressed months of Siddhantas other than the Siirya-Siddhanta. If a different
Siddhanta happened to have been used by the original computor of the given Hindu date,
and if such date is near to or actually in an added or suppressed month according to our
Table I., it is possible that the result as worked out by our Tables may be a whole month
wrong. Our mean intercalations from A. D. 300 to noo are the same by the original Surya-
Siddhanta, the present Siirya-Siddlianta, and the first Arya-Siddhanta.
50. Some peculiarities. Certain points are worth noticing in connection with our calcula-
tions of the added and suppressed months for the 1600 years from A. D. 300 to 1900 according
to the Surya-Siddhanta.
(a) Intercalations occur generally in the 3rd, 5th, 8th, i ith, I4th, i6th and igth years of a cycle
of 19 years, (b) A month becomes intercalary at an interval of 19 years over a certain period,
and afterwards gives way generally to one of the months preceding it, but sometimes, though
rarely, to the following one. (c) Out of the seven intercalary months of a cycle one or two
are always changed in the next succeeding cycle, so that after a number of cycles the whole are
replaced by others, (d) During our period of 1600 years the months Margasirsha, Pausha, and
Magha are never intercalary, (e) The interval between years where a suppression of the month
occurs is worth noticing. In the period covered by our Tables the first suppressed month is in A.D. 404,
and the intervals are thus: 19, 65, 38, 19, 19, 46, 19, 141,122, 19, 141, 141,65, 19, 19, 19,19,46,
76, 46, 141, 141, and an unfinished period of 78 years. At first sight there seems no regularity,
but closer examination shews that the periods group .themselves into three classes, viz., (i.) 19,
38, 76; (ii.) 141; and (iii.) 122,65 ar»d 46 years; the first of which consists of 19 or its multiples,
the second is a constant, and the third is the difference between (ii.) and (i.) or between 141 and
a multiple of 19. The unfinished period up to 1900 A.D. being 78 years, we are led by these
peculiarities to suppose that there will be no suppressed month till at earliest (122 years =)
1 It is difficult to define the exact limit, because it varies with different Siddhdntas. and even for one Hiddhunta it is not always
the same. It is, however, generally not more than six ghatikAs. or about 33 of our tithi-indices (I). But in the case of some
Sidtlltiintas as corrected with a bija the difference may amount sometimes to as much as 20 ghatikas, or 113 of our tithi-indices. It
would be very rare to find any difference in true added months; but in the case of suppressed in. mths we mi^ht expect some divergence, a
month suppressed by one authority not being the same aa that suppressed by another, or there being no suppression at all by the latter
in some oases. Differences in mean added months would be very rare, eicept in the case of the Bmhmn-Niil,lha»ta, (See Art. 88J
30 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
A.D. 1944, and possibly not till (141 years =) A.D. 1963. ] (d) Magha is only once suppressed in
Saka 1398 current, Margasirsha is suppressed six times, and Pausha 18 times. No other month
is suppressed.
Bhaskaracharya lays down 2 that Karttika, Margasirsha and Pausha only are liable to
be suppressed, but this seems applicable only to the Brahma-Siddhanta of which Bhaskaracharya
was a follower. He further states, " there was a suppressed month in the Saka year 974 expired,
and there will be one in Saka 1115, 1256 and 1378 all expired", and this also seems applicable
to the Brdhma-Siddhanta only. By the Surya-Siddhanta there were suppressed months in all
these years except the last one, and there was an additional suppression in Saka 1 1 80 expired.
Ganesa Daivaijna, the famous author of the Grahalaghava (A.D. 1520), as quoted by his
grandson, in his commentary on the Siddhanta-Siromani, says, " By the Surya-Siddhanta there
will be a suppressed month in Saka 1462, 1603, 1744, 1885,2026,2045,2148,2167,2232,2373,
2392, 2514, 2533, 2655, 2674, 2796 and 2815, and by the Arya-Siddhanta* there will be one
in 1481, 1763, 1904, 2129, 2186, 2251 (all expired)." The first four by Siirya calculations agree
with our results.
51. By the purnimanta scheme. Notwithstanding that the purnimanta scheme of months
is and was in use in Northern India, the amanta scheme alone is recognized in the matter of the
nomenclature and intercalation of lunar months and the commencement of the luni-solar year.
The following is the method adopted — first, the ordinary rule of naming a month is applied to
an amanta lunar month, and then, by the purnimanta scheme, the dark fortnight of it receives
the name of the following month. The correspondence of amanta and purnimanta fortnights
for a year is shown in Table II., Part i., and it will be observed that the bright fortnights
have the same name by both schemes while the dark fortnights differ by a month, and thus
the purnimanta scheme is always a fortnight in advance of the amanta scheme.
The sankrantis take place in definite amanta lunar months, thus the Makara-sankranti invariably
takes place in amanta Pausha, and in no other month ; but when it takes place in the krishna-
paksha of amanta Pausha it falls in purnimanta Magha, because that fortnight is said to
belong to Magha by the purnimanta scheme. If, however, it takes place in the sukla paksha,
the month is Pausha by both schemes. Thus the Makara-sankranti, though according to the
amanta scheme it can only fall in Pausha, may take place either in Pausha or Magha by the
purnimanta scheme; and so with the rest.
The following rules govern purnimanta intercalations. Months are intercalated at first
as if there were no purnimanta scheme, and afterwards the dark fortnight preceding the intercalated
month receives, as usual, the name of the month to which the following, natural bright fortnight
belongs, and therefore the intercalated month also receives that name. Thus, in the example given
above (Art. 45], intercalated amanta Vaisakha (as named by the first rule) lies between natural
amanta Chaitra and natural amanta Vaisakha. But by the purnimanta scheme the dark half
of natural amanta Chaitra acquires the name of natural Vaisakha; then follow the two fortnights
of adhika Vaisakha; and after them comes the bright half of the (nija) natural purnimanta
1 This relation of intervals is a distinct assistance to calculation, as it should lead us to look with suspicion on any suppression
of a month which does not conform to it.
2 See the Siddhdnta-Siromani, Madhyameidhikdra. Bhaskara wrote in Saka 1072 (A.D. 1150). He did not give the names
of the suppressed months.
3 I have ascertained that Ganesa has adopted in his Gra/ialityhava some of the elements of the Arya-Siddhdnta as corrected
by Lalla's bija, and by putting to test one of the years noted I tind that in these calculations also the Arya-Sidd/idnta as corrected
by Lalla's bija was used. Ganesa was a most accurate calculator, and I fed certain that his results can be depended upon. [S. B. D.]
THE IHh'D V C A LEND, I /'. 3 '
Vaisakha. Thus it happens that half of natural pimiimanta Vais.ikha comes before, and half
after, the intercalated month. ]
Of the four fortnights thus having the name of the same month the first two fortnights
are sometimes called the "First Vaisakka" and the last two the "Second Vaisakha."
It will be seen from Table II., Part i., that amanta Phalguna krishna is purnimanta Chaitra
krishna. The year, however, does not begin then, but on the same day as the amanta month,
i.e., with the new moon, or the beginning of the next bright fortnight.
Having discussed the lesser divisions of time, we now revert to the Hindu year. And,
first, its beginning.
Years and Cycles.
52. The Hindu .Vein-year's Day. — In Indian astronomical works the year is considered
to begin, if luni-solar, invariably with amanta Chaitra Sukla 1st, — if solar with the Mesha
sankranti; and in almost all works mean Mesha sankranti is taken for convenience of calculations,
very few works adopting the apparent or true one. At present in Bengal and the Tamil
country, where solar reckoning is in use, the year, for religious and astronomical purposes, com-
mences with the apparent Mesha-sankranti, and the civil year with the first day of the month
Mesha, as determined by the practice of the country (See abtn<e Art. 28). But since mean Mesha-
sankranti is taken as the commencement of the solar year in astronomical works, it is only reason-
able to suppose that the year actually began with it in practice in earlier times, and we have
to consider how long ago the practice ceased.
In a Karana named Bhasvati (A. D. 1099) the year commences with apparent Mesha
sankranti, and though it is dangerous to theorize from one work, we may at least quote it as
shewing that the present practice was known as early as A. D. 1 100. This date coinciding fairly
well with Sripati's injunction quoted above (Art. 4.7) we think it fair to assume for the present
that the practice of employing the mean Mesha sankranti for fixing the beginning of the year
ceased about the same time as the practice of mean intercalary months.
The luni-solar Chaitradi - year commences, for certain religious and astrological purposes,
with the first moment of the first tithi of Chaitra, or Chaitra sukla pratipada and this, of course,
may fall at any time of the day or night, since it depends on the moment of new moon. But
for the religious ceremonies connected with the beginning of a samvatsara (year), the sunrise
of the day on which Chaitra sukla pratipada is current at sunrise is taken as the first or opening
day of the year. When this tithi is current at sunrise on two days, as sometimes happens, the
first, and when it is not current at any sunrise (i.e., when it is expunged) then the day on which
it ends, is taken as the opening day. For astronomical purposes the learned take any convenient
1 Such an anomaly with regard to the pilrnim&nta scheme could not occur if the two applird, one that "that
pflrnimnnta month in which the Mesha sankriUiti occurs is always called Chaitra, and so on in succession," and the other that " that
l>uri.iiinftiita month iu which no sankrilnti occurs is called an intercalated month." The rules were, I believe, in use in the sixth
century A. D. (See my remarks Ind. .!,/!., \X.. //. 50 f.) But the added month under such rules would never agree with the amanta
added months. There would be from 14 to 17 months' difference in the intercalated months between tin; two, anil much inconvenience
«ould arise thereby. It is for this reason probably that the pdriiim&nta scheme is not recognised in naming months, and that purni-
inmiths are named arbitrarily, as described in the first para, of Art. 51. This arbitrary rule was certainly in use in the
llth century A.D. (Sfe Inrt. Ant., rot. VI., p. 53, where the Makara-sankr&nti is said to have taken place in Magha.J
After this arbitrary rule of naming the pflruimanta months once came into general use. it was impossible in Northern India
to continue using the second, or Brahma-Siddhitnla, rule for naming the months. For in the example in Art. 45 above the intercalated
month would by that rule be named Chaitra, but if its preceding fortnight be a fortnight of Vais&kha it is obvious that the inter-
calated month cannot be named Chaitra. In Southern India the practice may have continued in use a little longer. [S. B. D.]
2 Chaitrddi, "beginning with Chaitra" ; Kdrttikddi, "beginning with Karttika ; MeshaiH with Mesha : and so on.
32 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
moment, — such as mean sunrise, noon, sunset, or midnight, but generally the sunrise, — on or
before Chaitra sukla pratipada, as their starting-point. 1 Sometimes the beginning of the mean
Chaitra sukla pratipada is so taken.
When Chaitra is intercalary there seems to be a difference of opinion whether the year
in that case is to begin with the intercalated (adhikd) or natural (ntjai) Chaitra. For the purposes
of our Table I. (cols. 19 to 25) we have taken the adhika Chaitra of the true system as the first
month of the year.
But the year does not begin with Chaitra all over India. In Southern India and especially
in Gujarat the years of the Vikrama era commence in the present day with Karttika sukla pratipada.
In some parts of Kathiavad and Gujarat the Vikrama year commences with Ashadha sukla
pratipada.2 In a part of Ganjam and Orissa, the year begins on Bhadrapada sukla I2th. (See under
Ohko reckoning, Art. 64.) The Amli year in Orissa begins on Bhadrapada sukla I2th, the
Vilayati year, also in general use in Orissa, begins with the Kanya sankranti ; and the Fasli year,
which is luni-solar in Bengal, commences on purnimanta Asvina kri. ist (viz., 4 days later than
the Vilayati).
In the South Malayalam country (Travancore and Cochin), and in Tinnevelly, the solar
year of the Kollam era, or Kollam andu, begins with the month Chingam (Sirnha), and in the
North Malayalam tract it begins with the month Kanni (Kanya). In parts of the Madras Presidency
the Fasli year originally commenced on the ist of the solar month Adi (Karka), but by Govern-
ment order about A.D. 1800 it was made to begin on the 1 3th of July, and recently it was altered
again, so that now it begins on ist July. In parts of the Bombay Presidency the Fasli year begins
when the sun enters the nakshatra Mrigasirsha, which takes place at present about the 5th or 6th ofjune.
Alberuni mentions (A.D. 1030) a year commencing with Margaslrsha as having been in
use in Sindh, Multan, and Kanouj, as well as at Lahore and in that neighbourhood; also a
year commencing with Bhadrapada in the vicinity of Kashmir. 3 In the Mahabharata the names
of the months are given in some places, commencing with Margasirsha. (Anusasana parva adhyayas
106 and 109}. In the Vedahga Jyotislia the year commences with Magha sukla pratipada.
53. The Sixty -year cycle of Jupiter. * In this reckoning the years are not known by numbers,
but are named in succession from a list of 60 names, often known as the " Brihaspati samvatsara
chakra," 5 the wheel or cycle of the years of Jupiter. Each of these years is called a "samvatsara."
The word " samvatsara " generally means a year, but in the case of this cycle the year is not
equal to a solar year. It is regulated by Jupiter's mean motion; and a Jovian year is the period
during which the planet Jupiter enters one sign of the zodiac and passes completely through it
1 See Ind. Ant., XIX., p. 45, second paragraph of my article on the Original Sitrya-Siddlidnta: [S. B. D.]
I have myself seen a panelling which mentions this beginning of the year, and have also found some instances of the use
of it in the present day. I am told that at Idar in Gujarat the Vikrama samvat begins on Ashadha krishna dvitiya. [S. B. D.]
3 The passage, as translated by Sachau (Vol. II., p. 8 f), is as follows. "Those who use the Saka era, the astronomers,
begin the year with the month Chaitra, whilst the inhabitants of Kanir, which is conterminous with Kashmir, begin it with the
month Bhadrapaila . . . All the people who inhabit the country between Bardari and Marigala begin the year with the month
Kurttika... The people living in the country of Nirahara, behind Mftrigala, as far as the utmost frontiers of TOeshar and Lolmvar,
begin the year with the month Margasirsha ... The people of Lauhaga, i.e., Lamghfui, follow their etample. I have been told by
the people of Multfm that this system is peculiar to the people of Sindh and Kanoj, and that they used to begin the year with the
Mm moon of M&rgulraha, but that the people of Multan only a few years ago had given up this system, and had adopted the system
of the people of Kashmir, and followed their example in beginning the year with the new moon of Ohaitra."
1 Articles 53 to 61 are applicable to Northern India only (See Art. 62/
The term is one not recognized in Sanskrit works. [S. B. I).]
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 33
with reference to his mean motion. The cycle commences with Prabhava. See Table I., cols. 6, 7,
and Table XII.
54. The duration of a Barhaspatya samvatsara, according to the Surya-Siddhanta, is about
361.026721 days, that is about 4.232 days less than a solar year. If, then, a samvatsara begins
exactly with the solar year the following samvatsara will commence 4.232 days before the end
of it. So that in each successive year the commencement of a samvatsara will be 4.232
days in advance, and a time will of course come when two samvatsaras will begin during
the same solar year. For example, by the Surya-Siddhanta with the bija, Prabhava (No. i) was
current at the beginning of the solar year Saka 1779. Vibhava (No. 2) commenced 3.3 days
after the beginning of that year, that is after the Mesha sankranti; and Sukla (No. 3) began 361.03
days after Vibhava, that is 364.3 days after the beginning of the year. Thus Vibhava and Sukla
both began in the same solar year. Now as Prabhava was current at the beginning of Saka
1779, and Sukla was current at the beginning of Saka 1780, Vibhava was expunged in the regular
method followed in the North. Thus the rule is that when two Barhaspatya samvatsaras begin
during one solar year the first is said to be expunged, or to have become kshaya ; and it is
clear that when a samvatsara begins within a period of about 4.232 days after a Mesha sankranti
it will be expunged.
By the Surya Siddhanta 85^ solar years are equal to 86^ Jovian years. So that one
expunction is due in every period of 85^ solar years. But since it really takes place according
to the rule explained above, the interval between two expunctions is sometimes 85 and sometimes
86 years.
5 5 . Generally speaking the samvatsara which is current at the beginning of a year is in
practice coupled with all the days of that year, notwithstanding that another samvatsara may have
begun during the course of the year. Indeed if there were no such practice there would be
no occasion for an expunction. Epigraphical and other instances, however, have been found in
which the actual samvatsara for the time is quoted with dates, notwithstanding that another sam-
vatsara was current at the beginning of the year. l
56. Variations. As the length of the solar year and year of Jupiter differs with different
Siddhantas it follows that the expunction of samvatsaras similarly varies.
57. Further, since a samvatsara is expunged when two samvatsaras begin in the same
year, these expunctions will differ with the different kinds of year. Where luni-solar years are
in use it is only natural to suppose that the rule will be made applicable to that kind of year,
an expunction occurring when two samvatsaras begin in such a year; and there is evidence to
show that in some places at least, such was actually the case for a time. Now the length of an
ordinary luni-solar year (354 days) is less than that of a Jovian year (361 days), and therefore
the beginning of two consecutive samvatsaras can only occur in those luni-solar years in which
there is an intercalary month. Again, the solar year sometimes commences with the mean
Mesha-sankranti, and this again gives rise to a difference. a
The Jyotisha-tattva rule (given below Art. 59} gives the samvatsara current at the time
of the tuean, not of the apparent, Mesha-sankranti, and hence all expunctions calculated thereby must
be held to refer to the solar year only when it is taken to commence with the mean Mesha-
sankranti. s It is important that this should be remembered.
1 See Ind. Ant., Vol. XIX., pp. 27, 33, 187.
2 These points have not yet been noticed by any European writer on Indian Astronomy. [S. B. D.]
! As to the mean Mesha-sankranti, sec Art. 26 above.
34 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
58. To find t lie current samvatsara. The samvatsaras in our Table I., col. 7, are calculated
by the Siirya-Siddkanta without the bija up to A.D. 1500, and with the bija from A.D. 1 501 to 1900 ;
and are calculated from the apparent Mesha-sankranti. If the samvatsara current on a particular
day by some other authority is required, calculations must be made direct for that day according
to that authority, and we therefore proceed to give some rules for this process.
59. Rules for finding the Barhaspatya samvatsara current on a particular day. J
a. By the Surya-Siddhanta. 2 Multiply the expired Kali year by 211. Subtract 108 from
the product. Divide the result by 18000. To the quotient, excluding fractions, add the numeral
of the expired Kali year plus 27. Divide the sum by 60. The remainder, counting from Prabhava
as i, is the samvatsara current at the beginning of the given solar year, that is at its apparent
Mesha-sankranti. Subtract from 18000 the remainder previously left after dividing by 18000.
Multiply the result by 361, and divide the product by 18000. Calculate for days, ghatikas, and
palas. Add 15 palas to the result. The result is then the number of days, etc., elapsed between
the apparent Mesha-sankranti and the end of the samvatsara current thereon. By this process can be
found the samvatsara current on any date.
Example i. — Wanted the samvatsara current at the beginning of Saka 233 expired and the date on
which it ended. Saka 233 expired = (Table I.) Kali 341 2 expired. 3412xl^-|°8 = 39^. 39 + 3412 +27
- 3478. !i»— 57". The remainder is 58; and we have it that No. 58Raktakshinf7^A> XII.) was the
samvatsara current at the beginning (apparent Mesha-sankranti) of the given year. Again ;
18000—17824 = 176. "g^f" — 3 d. 31 gh. 47.2 p. Adding 15 pa. we have 3 d. 32 gh. 2.2 pa.
This shews that Raktakshin will end and Krodhana (No. 59) begin 3 d. 32 gh. 2.2 pa. after the
apparent Meska sankranti. This last, by the Siirya Siddhanta, occurred on 1 7th March, A.D. 311,
at 27 gh. 23 pa. (see Table I., col. ij, and the Table in Art. p6), and therefore Krodhana began
on the 2Oth March at 59 gh. 25.2 pa., or 34.8 palas before mean sunrise on 2 ist March. We also know
that since Krodhana commences within four days after Mesha it will be expunged (Art. 54. above.)
b. By the Arya Siddhanta. Multiply the expired Kali year by 22. Subtract 1 1 from the product.
Divide the result by 1875. To the quotient excluding fractions add the expired Kali year + 27.
Divide the sum by 60. The remainder, counted from Prabhava as i, is the samvatsara current
at the beginning of the given solar year. Subtract from 1875 the remainder previously left after
dividing by 1875. Multiply the result by 361. Divide the product by 1875. Add I gh.
45 pa. to the quotient. The result gives the number of days, etc., that have elapsed between the
apparent Mesha-sankranti and the end of the samvatsara current thereon.
Example 2.— Required the samvatsara current at the beginning of Saka 230 expired, and
the time when it ended.
Saka 230 expired =Kali 3409 expired. 3409,X8^~" — 39^. 39 + 3409 + 27 — 3475, which,
divided by 60, gives the remainder 55. Then No. 55 Durmati (Table XII.} was current at the
beginning of the given year. Again; 1875 — 1862" 13. !^! = 2 d. 30 gh. 10.56 pa. Adding igh.
1 By all these rules the results will be correct within two ghatikas where the moment of the Mesha-saiikranti according
to the authority used is known.
8 The rule for the present Vasiththa, the Sdkalya Brahma, the Romaka, and the Soma Siddkdntas is exactly the same. That
by the original Siirya-Siddhdnta is also similar, but in that case the result will be incorrect by about 2 ghatikas (48 minutes). For
all these authorities take the time of the Mesha-sankranti by the present Siirya-Siddhdnta or by the Arya-Siddh&nta, whichever may
be available. The moment of the Mesha-saukrantri according to the Surya-Siddhdnta is given in our Table I. only for the years A.D.
1100 to 1900. The same moment for all years between A.D. 300 and 1100 can be found by the Table in Art. 96. If the Arya-
Hiddhdnta sankranti is used for years A.D. 300 to 1100 the result will never be incorrect by more than 2 ghatikiU 45 palas (1 hour
and 6 minutes). The Table should be referred to.
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 35
45 pa., we get 2 d. 3 1 gh. 5 5.56 pa. Add this to the moment of the Mesha saiikranti as given in Table I.,
cols. 13 — 16, viz., i6th March, 308 A.D., Tuesday, at 41 gh. 40 p., and we have igth March,
Friday, 13 gh. 35.56 p. after mean sunrise as the moment when Durmati ends and Dundubhi
begins. Here again, since Dundubhi commences within four days of the Mesha sahkranti, it
will be expunged.
c. By the Surya-Siddhanta with the bija (to be used for years after about 1500 A.l>.,.
Multiply the expired Kali year by 117. Subtract 60 from the product. Divide the result by
10000. To the figures of the quotient, excluding fractions, add the number of the expired Kali
year plus 27. Divide the sum by 60. And the remainder, counted from Prabhava as i, is the
samvatsara current at the beginning of the given solar year. Subtract from 10000 the remainder
left after the previous division by 10000. Multiply the difference by 361, and divide the product
by 10000. Add 1 5 pa. The result is the number of days, etc., that have elapsed between the apparent
Mesha sarikranti and the end of the samvatsara current thereon. '
Example. — Required the samvatsara current at the beginning of Saka 1436 expired, and
the moment when it ends. Saka 1436 expired = Kali 4615 expired (Table I.). <61!iX"'-60 = $3-^-
" — 7*^. The remainder 15 shews that Vrisha was current at the Mesha-sankranti.
•"+15 p. = 3 d. 47 gh. 25.8 p.+ 15 p.= 3 d. 47 gh. 40.8 p. Table I. gives the Mesha-
sankranti as March 27th, 44 gh. 25 p., Monday. 27 d. 44 gh. 25 p. + 3 d. 47 gh. 40.8 p. — 31 d.
32 gh. 5.8 p. ; and this means that Vrisha ended at 32 gh. 5.8 p. after mean sunrise at Ujjain
on Friday, 3ist March. At that moment Chitrabhanu begins, and since it began within four days
of the Mesha-sankranti. it is expunged.
d. Brihatsafnhita and Jyotishatath>a Rules. The rules given in the Brihatsamhita and
the Jyotishatattva seem to be much in use, and therefore we give them here. 1\i& Jyotishatattva
rule is the same as that for the Arya-Siddhanta given above, except that it yields the year current
at the time of mean Mesha-sankranti, and that it is adapted to Saka years. The latter difference
is merely nominal of course, as the moment of the beginning of a samvatsara is evidently
the same by both. z We have slightly modified the rules, but in words only and not in sense.
The Jyotishatattva rule is this. Multiply the current Saka year by 22. Add 4291. Divide
the sum by 1875. To the quotient excluding fractions add the number of the current Saka year. Divide
the sum by 60. The remainder, counted from Prabhava as i, is the samvatsara current at the
beginning of the given year. Subtract the remainder left after previously dividing by 1875 from
1875. Multiply the result by 361. And divide the product by 1875. The result gives the
number of days by which, according to the Arya-Siddhanta, the samvatsara ends after mean Mesha-
sankranti. The mean 3 Mesha-sankranti will be obtained by adding 2d. 8 gh. 51 pa. 1 5 vipa. to
the time given in Table I., cols. 13 to 18.
Work out by this rule the example given above under the Arya-Siddhanta rule, and the
result will be found to be the same by both.
The BrUtatsamhita rule. Multiply the expired Saka year by 44. Add 8589. Divide
the sum by 3750. To the quotient, excluding fractions, add the number of the expired Saka year
1 In these three rules the apparent Mesha-sankrfnti is taken. If we omit the subtraction of 108, 11, and 60, and do not
add 15 p., 1 gh. 45 p., and 15 p. respectively, the result will be correct with respect to the mean Mcsha-sankranti.
1 I have not seen the Jyotishatattva, (or " Jyotishtava " as Warren calls it, but which seems to be a mistake), but I find the
rule in the Ratnamdld ofSripati (A.D. 1039). It must be as old as that by the Arya-SiddMnta, since both are the same. [S. B. D.]
1 If we add 4280 instead of 4291, and add 1 gh. 45 pa. to the final result, the time so arrived at will be the period elapsed since
apparent Mesha-sankranti. Those who interpret the Jyotishntattva rule in any different way have failed to grasp its proper meanintr. [S. B. D.]
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
plus I. Divide the sum by 60. The remainder, counted from Prabhava as I , is the samvatsara current
at the beginning of the year. Subtract from 3750 the remainder obtained after the previous division by
3750. Multiply the result by 361, and divide the product by 3750. This gives the number of
days by which the samvatsara current at the beginning of the year will end after the Mesha
sankranti. l
60. List of Expunged Samvatsaras. The following is a comparative list of expunged
samvatsaras as found by different authorities, taking the year to begin at the mean Mesha sankranti.
List of Expunged Samvatsaras.''
first Arya-SiddUnia, Brihat-
Xiiri/a-Siddhdnta Rule without
First Arya-Siddhdnta. Srihat-
Stirya-Siddhdnta Rule without
saiiihitd, Ralnamdld, Jyotis-
Uja up to 1500 A.D., and
.lafnhitd, Ralnamdld, Jyotis-
Mja up to 1500 A. D., and
hatattava Rules.
with Mja afterwards.
Itataltava Rules.
with bija afterwards.
!i
£ 3
- u
-tn
A.D.'
Expunged
Samvatsara.
b
rt ^
M
ll
>o>
A. B.
Expunged
Samvatsara.
h
oi C
•^ &
^ a
A. D.
Expunged
Samvatsara.
M
a :-
•% =
M» "
A.D.
Expunged
Samvatsara.
232
309-10
57 Rudhirodgarin
234
311-12
59 Krodhana
1084
1161-62
19 Parthiva
1087
1164-65
22 Sarvadharin
317
394-95
23 Virodhin
319*
396-97
25 Khara
1169
1246-47
45 Virodhakrit
1172*
1249-50
48 Ananda
402
479-80
49 RAkshasa
404*
481-82
51 Pingala
1254
1331-32
1 1 Isvara
1258
1335-36
15 Vrisha
487
564-65
15 Vrisha
490
567-68
18 Tarana
1340
1417-18
38 Krodhin
1343
1420-21
41 Plavanga
572
649-50
41 Plavanga
575*
652-53
44 Sadharana
1425
1502-03
4 Pramoda
1437
1514-15
16 Ohitrabhanu
658
735-36
8 Bhava
660*
737-38
10 Dhatri
1510
1587-88
30 Dunnukba
1522*
1599-
42 Kilaka
743
820-21
34 Sarvari
746
823-24
37 Sohhana
•
1600
828
905-06
60 Kshaya
831
908-09
3 Sukla
1595
1672-73
56 Dundubhi
1608
1685-86
9 Yuvan
913
990-91
26 Nandaua
916*
993-94
29 Manmatha
1680
1757-58
22 Sarvadharin
1693*
1770-71
35 Plava
999
1076-77
53 Siddhurtliin
1002
1079-80
56 Duudubhi
1766
1843-44
49 Rakshasa
1779
1856-57
2 Vibhava
If we take the years to commence with the apparent Mesha-sankranti the sam-
vatsaras expunged by Surya Siddhanta calculation will be found in Table L, col. j ; and
those by the Arya Siddhanta can be found by the rule for that Siddhanta given in
Art. jp above.
61. The years of Jupiter's cycle are not mentioned in very early inscriptions. They are
mentioned in the Surya-Siddhanta. Dr. J. Burgess states that he has reason to think that they
were first introduced about A.D. 349, and that they were certainly in use in A.D. 530. We
have therefore given them throughout in Table I.
62. The southern (luni-solar) sixty-year cycle. The sixty-year cycle is at present in daily
use in Southern India (south of the Narmada), but there the samvatsaras' are made to correspond
with the luni-solar year as well as the solar ; and we therefore term it the luni-solar 6o-year cycle
in contradistinction to the more scientific Barhaspatya cycle of the North.
1 It is not stated what Mesha-saiikranti is meant, whether mean or apparent. The rule is here given as generally
interpreted by writers both Indian and European, but in this form its origin cannot be explained. I am strongly inclined to think
that Varahamihira, the author of the Brihatsamhitd, meant tbe rule to run thus: Multiply the current Saka year by 44. Add 8582
(or 8581 or 8583). Divide the sum by 3750. To the integers of the quotient add the given current Saka year ; (and the rest as above).
The result is for the mean Mesha-saukranti." In this form it is the same as the Arya-Siddhdnta or the Jyotis/wtattva rule, and
can be easily explained. (S. B. D.)
1 In this Table the Brihatsamkild rule is w.orked as I interpret it. But as interpreted by others the expimctions will
differ, the differences being in Saka (current) 231, the 56th; 998, the 52nd; 1339, the 37th.
By the S/lrya Siddhdnta the years marked with an asterisk in the Saka column of this Table differ from those given in
Table I., col. 7, being in each case one earlier; the rest are the same. (S. B. D.)
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 37
There is evidence ' to show that the cycle of Jupiter was in use in Southern India before
Saka 828 (A.D. 905-6); but from that year, according to the Arya Sidd/utnta, or from Saka
831 (A.D. 908-9) according to the Surya-Siddkanta, the expunction of the samvatsaras was altogether
neglected, with the result that the 6o-year cycle in the south became luni-solar from that year.
At present the northern samvatsara has advanced by 12 on the southern. There is an easy
rule for finding the samvatsara according to the luni-solar cycle, viz., add 1 1 to the current
Saka year, and divide by 60; the remainder is the corresponding luni-solar cycle year. It must
not be forgotten that the samvatsaras of Jupiter's and the southern cycle, are always to be taken
as current years, not expired.
63. The twelve-year cycle of Jupiter. There is another cycle of Jupiter consisting of
twelve samvatsaras named after the lunar months. It is of two kinds. In one, the samvatsara begins
with the heliacal rising - of Jupiter and consists of about 400 solar days, one samvatsara being
expunged every 12 years or so.3 In the other, which we have named the "twelve-year cycle
of Jupiter of the mean-sign system", the years are similar in length to those of the sixty-year
cycle of Jupiter just described, and begin at the same moment. Both kinds, though chiefly the
former, were in use in early times, and the latter is often employed in modern dates, especially in
those of the Kollam era. The samvatsaras of this heliacal rising system can only be found by direct
calculations according to some Siddhanta. The correspondence of the samvatsaras of the mean-sign
system with those of the sixty-year cycle are given in Table XII. They proceed regularly.
64. The Graha-parivritti and Ohko cycles. There are two other cycles, but they are limited
to small tracts of country and would perhaps be better considered as eras. We however give
them here.
The southern inhabitants of the peninsula of India (chiefly of the Madura district) use a
cycle of 90 solar years which is called the Graha-parivritti. Warren has described the cycle,
deriving his information from the celebrated Portuguese missionary Beschi, who lived for over
forty years in Madura. The cycle consists of 90 solar years, the length of one year being 365 d.
!5 gh. 31 Pa- 3° v'-> and the year commences with Mesha. Warren was informed by native
astronomers at Madras that the cycle consisted of the sum in days of i revolution of the sun,
1 5 of Mars, 22 of Mercury, 1 1 of Jupiter, 5 of Venus and 29 of Saturn, though this appears
to us quite meaningless. The length of this year is that ascertained by using the original
Surya-Siddhanta ; but from the method given by Warren for finding the beginning of the years
of this cycle it appears that astronomers have tried to keep it as nearly as possible in agreemen!
with calculations by the Arya-Siddhanta, and in fact the year may be said to belong to the
Arya-Siddhanta. The cycle commenced with Kali 3079 current (B. C. 24) and its epoch, i.e., the
Graha-parivritti year o current4 is Kali 3078 current (B.C. 25).
1 See Corpus Inscrip. Indie., Vol. III., p. 80, note; Ind. Antiq., XVII., p. 142.
3 The heliacal rising of a superior planet is its first visible rising after its conjunctions with the sun, i.e., when it is at a
sufficient distance from the sun to be first st?n on the horizon at its rising in the morning before sunrise, or, in the CMC of an
inferior planet (Mercury or Venus), at its setting in the evening after sunset. For Jupiter to be visible the sun must be about 11°
below the horizon. [R. S.]
3 It is fully described by me in the Indian Antiquary, vol. XVII. [S. B. D.]
4 In practice of course the word "current" cannot be applied to the year 0, but it is applied here to distinguish it from the year
0 complete or expired, which means year 1 current. We use the word "epoch" to mean the year 0 current. The epoch of an era
given in a year of another era is useful for turning years of one into years of another era. Thus, by adding 3078 (the number of the
Kuli year corresponding to the Graha-parivritti cycle epoch) to a Graha-parivritti year, we can get the «quivalcnt Kali year; and by
subtracting the same from a Kali year we get the corresponding Graha-parivritti year.
38 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
To find the year of the Graha-parivritti cycle, add 72 to the current Kali-year, 1 1 to the
current Saka year, or 24 or 23 to the A.D. year, viz., 24 from Mesha to December 3ist,
and 23 from January ist to Mesha; divide by 90 and the remainder is the current year
of the cycle.
The Onko J cycle of 59 luni-solar years is in use in part of the Ganjam district of
the Madras Presidency. Its months are purnimanta, but it begins the year on the I2th of
Bhadrapada-suddha,2 calling that day the I2th not the ist. In other words, the year changes its
numerical designation every I2th day of Bhadrapada-suddha. It is impossible as yet to say
decidedly when the Onko reckoning commenced. Some records in the temple of Jagannatha
at Purl (perfectly valueless from an historical point of view) show that it commenced with the
reign of Subhanideva in 319 A.D., but the absurdity of this is proved by the chronicler's
statement that the great Mughal invasion took place in 327 A.D. in the reign of that king's
successor. 3 Some say that the reckoning commenced with the reign of Chodaganga or
Chorganga, the founder of the Gangavarhsa, whose date is assigned usually to 1131-32
A.D., while Sutton in his History of Orissa states that it was introduced in 1580 A.D. In
the zamindari tracts of Parlakimedi, Peddakimedi and Chinnakimedi the Onko Calendar is
followed, but the people there also observe each a special style, only differing from the parent
style and from one another in that they name their years after their own zamindars. A singular
feature common to all these four kinds of regnal years is that, in their notation, the years whose
numeral is 6, or whose numerals end with 6 or o (except 10), are dropped.* For instance, the
years succeeding the Jth and igth Onkos of a prince or zamindar are called the 7th and 2 ist Onkos
respectively. It is difficult to account for this mode of reckoning ; it may be, as the people
themselves allege, that these numerals are avoided because, according to their traditions and sastras,
they forebode evil, or it may possibly be, as some might be inclined to suppose, that the system
emanated from a desire to exaggerate the length of each reign. There is also another unique
convention according to which the Onko years are not counted above 59, but the years succeed-
ing 59 begin with a second series, thus "second i ", " second 2", and so on. It is also important
to note that when a prince dies in the middle of an Onko year, his successor's ist Onko which
commences on his accession to the throne, does not run its full term of a year, but ends on the
nth day of Bhadrapada-suddha following; consequently the last regnal year of the one and the
.first of the other together occupy only one year, and one year is dropped in effect. To find,
th Before, the English equivalent of a given Onko year, it will be necessary first to ascertain the
styf.e to which it relates, i.e., whether it is a Jagannatha Onko or a Parlakimedi Onko, and so on ;
and .secondly to value the given year by excluding the years dropped (namely, the ist— possibly, the
6th, r 6th, 20th, 26th, 3Oth, 36th, 4Oth, 46th, soth, s6th). There are lists of Orissa princes
available, but up to 1797 A.D. they would appear to be perfectly inauthentic. 5 The list from
1 Or ^nka.
'• On the llth according to some, but all the evidence tends to shew that the year-begins on the 12th.
The real .date of the Muhammadan invasion seems to be 1568 A.D. (J. A. S. B. for 1883, LIT., p. 233, note). The invasion
alluded to is evidently that of the "Yavanas", but as to these dates these temple chronicles must never be believed. [R. S.]
Some say that the first year is also dropped, similarly; but this appears to be the result of a misunderstanding, this
year being dropped oni^v to fit in with the system described lower down in this article. Mr. J. Beames states that "the first two
years and every year that\ has a 6 or a 0 in it are omitted", so that the 37th Onko of the reign of Ramachandra is really his 28th
year, since the years 1, 2,, 6, 10, 16, 20, 26, 30 and 86 are omitted. (J. A. S. B. 1883, LIT., p. 234, note. He appears to have
been misled about the first t\\vo years.
Sewell's Sketch of t&x Dynasties of Southern India, p. 64. Archaoloyical Survey of Southern India, vol. II., p. 204.
THE HINDU CALENDAR. .V)
that date forwards is reliable, and below are given the names of those after whom the later
Oiiko years have been numbered, with the English dates corresponding to the commencement of
the 2nd Onkos of their respective reigns.
Onko 2 of Mukundadeva .... September 2, 1797. (Bhadrapada sukla 12th.)
Do. Ramachandradeva . . . September 22, 1817. Do. Do.
Do. Virakesvaradeva . . . September 4, 1854. Do. Do.
Do. Divyasirhhadeva . . . September 8, 1859. Do. Do.
PART 11.
THE VARIOUS ERAS.
65. General remarks. Different eras have, from remote antiquity, been in use in different
parts of India, having their years luni-solar or solar, commencing according to varying practice with
a given month or day; and in the case of luni-solar years, having the months calculated variously
according to the amanta or purnimanta system of pakshas. (Art. 12 above). The origin of
some eras is well known, but that of others has fallen into obscurity. It should never be forgotten,
as explaining at once the differences of practice we observe, that when considering "Indian"
science we are considering the science of a number of different tribes or nationalities, not of
one empire or of the inhabitants generally of one continent.
66. If a number of persons belonging to one of these nationalities, who have been in
the habit for many years of using a certain era with all its peculiarities, leave their original
country and settle in another, it is natural that they should continue to use their own era, not-
withstanding that another era may be in use in the country of their adoption ; or perhaps, while
adopting the new era, that they should apply to it the peculiarities of their own. And vice versa
it is only natural that the inhabitants of the country adopted should, when considering the
peculiarities of the imported era, treat it from their own stand-point.
67. And thus we actually find in the panchangs of some provinces a number of other
eras embodied, side by side with the era in ordinary use there, while the calendar-makers have
treated them by mistake in the same or nearly the same manner as that of their own reckoning.
For instance, there are extant solar panchangs of the Tamil country in which the year of the
Vikrama era is represented as a solar Meshadi year. And so again Saka years are solar in
Bengal and in the Tamil country, and luni-solar in other parts of the country. So also we
sometimes find that the framers of important documents have mentioned therein the years of
several eras, but have made mistakes regarding them. In such a case we might depend on the
dates in the document if we knew exactly the nationality of the authors, but very often this
cannot be discovered, and then it is obviously unsafe to rely on it in any sense as a guide. This
point should never be lost sight of.
68. Another point to be always borne in mind is that, for the sake of convenience in
calculation, a year of an era is sometimes treated differently by different authors in the same
province, or indeed even by the same author. Thus, Ganesa Daivajna makes Saka years begin
4o THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
with Chaitra sukla pratipada in his Grahalaghava (A.D. 1520), but with mean Mesha sankranti
in his Tithichintamani (A.D. 1525.)
69. It is evident therefore that a certain kind of year, e.g., the solar or luni-solar year,
or a certain opening month or day, or a certain arrangement of months and fortnights and the
like, cannot be strictly defined as belonging exclusively to a particular era or to a particular part
of India. We can distinctly affirm that the eras whose luni-solar years are Chaitradi (i.e., begin-
ning with Chaitra sukla pratipada) are always Meshadi (beginning with the Mesha sankranti)
in their corresponding solar reckoning, but beyond this it is unsafe to go.
70. Current and expired years. It is, we believe, now generally known what an " expired " or
"current" year is, but for the benefit of the uninitiated we think it desirable to explain the matter fully.
Thus ; the same Saka year (A.D. 1 894) which is numbered 1817 vartamana, or astronomically current,
in the panchangs of the Tamil countries of the Madras Presidency, is numbered iSiGgata (" expired ")
in other parts of India. This is not so unreasonable as Europeans may imagine, for they themselves
talk of the third furlong after the fourth mile on a road as "four miles three furlongs" which
means three furlongs after the expiry of the fourth mile, and the same in the matter of a person's age ;
and so September, A.D. 1894, (Saka 1817 current) would be styled in India " Saka 1816 expired, Sep-
tember", equivalent to "September after the end of Saka 1816" or "after the end of 1893 A.D".
Moreover, Indian reckoning is based on careful calculations of astronomical phenomena, and
to calculate the planetary conditions of September, 1 894, it is necessary first to take the planetary
conditions of the end of 1893, and then add to them the data for the following nine months.
That is, the end of 1893 is the basis of calculation. It is always necessary to bear this in mind because
often the word gata is omitted in practice, and it is therefore doubtful whether the real year in
which an inscription was written was the one mentioned therein, or that number decreased by one. J
In this work we have given the corresponding years of the Kali and Saka eras actually
current, and not the expired years. This is the case with all eras, including the year of the
Vikrama z era at present in use in Northern India.
71. Description of the several eras. In Table II., Part iii., below we give several eras,
chiefly those whose epoch is known or can be fixed with certainty, and we now proceed to
describe them in detail.
The Kali-Yuga. — The moment of its commencement has been already given (Art. 16
above). Its years are both Chaitradi (luni-solar) and Meshadi (solar.) It is used both in astro-
1 See 'Calculations of Hindu dates', by Dr. Fleet, in the Ind. Ant., vols. Xfl. to XIX.; and my notes on the date of a
Jaiu Turdna in Dr. Bhandarkar's "Report on the search for Saukrit manuscripts" for 1883 — 1884 A. D., p.p. 429—30
$$ 36, 37. [S. B. D.]
* The Vikrama era is never used by Indian astronomers. Out of 150 Vikrama dates examined by Dr. Kielhorn (Ind. Ant.,
XIX.), there are only six which have to be taken as current years. Is it not, however, possible that all Vikrama years are really cur-
rent years, but that sometimes in writings and inscriptions the authors have made them doubly current ill consequence of thinking
them erroneously to be expired years. There is an instance of a Saka year made twice current in an inscription published in the
Ind. Ant., (vol. XX., p. 191). The year was already 1155 current, but the number given by the writer of the inscription is 1156,
as if 1155 had been the expired year.
As a matter of fact I do not think that it is positively known whether the years of the Christian era are themselves really
expired or current years. Warren, the author of the K&latankalita was not certain. He calls the year corresponding to the Kali
year 3101 expired "A.D. 0 complete" (p 302) or "1 current" (p. 294). Thus, by his view, the Christian year corresponding to
the Kali year 3102 expired would be A. D. 1 complete or A. D. 2 current. But generally European scholars fix A. D. 1 current
as corresponding to Kali 3102 expired. The current and expired years undoubtedly give rise to confusion. The years of the astionomical
eras, the Kali and Saka for instance, may, unless the contrary is proved, he assumed to be expired years, and those of the non-
astronomical eras, snch as the Vikrama, Gupta, and many others, may be taken as current ones. (See, however, Note 3, p. 42,
below.) fS. B. D.]
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 41
nomical works and in panchangs. In the latter sometimes its expired years, sometimes current
years are given, and sometimes both. It is not often used in epigraphical records. '
Saptarski-Kala. — This era is in use in Kashmir and the neighbourhood. At the time of
Alberuni (1030 A.D.), it appears to have been in use also in Multan and some other parts. It is
the only mode of reckoning mentioned in the Raja- Taranginl. It is sometimes called the " Lau-
kika-Kala" and sometimes the " Sastra-Kala". It originated on the supposition that the seven Rishis
(the seven bright stars of Ursa Major) move through one nakshatra (27th part of the ecliptic)
in 100 years, and make one revolution in 2700 years; the era consequently consists of cycles of
2700 years. But in practice the hundreds are omitted, and as soon as the reckoning reaches too,
a fresh hundred begins from i. Kashmirian astronomers make the era, or at least one of its
cycles of 2700 years, begin with Chaitra sukla ist of Kali 27 current. Disregarding the hundreds
we must add 47 to the Saptarshi year to find the corresponding current Saka year, and 24 — 25
for the corresponding Christian year. The years are Chaitradi. Dr. F. Kielhorn finds * that they
are mostly current years, and the months mostly purnimanta.
The Vikrama era. — In the present day this era is in use in Gujarat and over almost all
the north of India, except perhaps Bengal. 3 The inhabitants of these parts, when migrating to
other parts of India, carry the use of the era with them. In Northern India the year is Chaitradi,
and its months purnimanta, but in Gujarat it is Karttikadi and its months are amanta. The settlers
in the Madras Presidency from Northern India, especially the Marvadis who use the Vikrama
year, naturally begin the year with Chaitra sukla pratipada and employ the purnimanta scheme
of months; while immigrants from Gujarat follow their own scheme of a Karttikadi amanta year,
but always according to the Vikrama era. In some parts of Kathiavad and Gujarat the Vikrama
era is Ashadhadi * and its months amanta. The practice in the north and south leads in the
present day to the Chaitradi purnimanta Vikrama year being sometimes called the " Northern
Vikrama," and the Karttikadi amanta Vikrama year the " Southern Vikrama."
The correspondence of these three varieties of the Vikrama era with the Saka and other
eras, as well as of their months, will be found in Table II., Parts ii. and iii.
Prof. F. Kielhorn has treated of this era at considerable length in the Ind. Antiq., vols. XIX.
and XX., and an examination of 150 different dates from 898 to 1877 of that era has led him
to the following conclusions (ibid., XX., />. 398 ff.).
(1) It has been at all times the rule for those who use the Vikrama era to quote the
expired years, and only exceptionally 5 the current year.
(2) The Vikrama era was Karttikadi from the beginning, and it is probable that the
change which has gradually taken place in the direction of a more general use of the Chaitradi
year was owing to the increasing growth and influence of the Saka era. Whatever may be the
practice in quite modern times, it seems certain that down to about the I4th century of the
Vikrama era both kinds of years, the Karttikadi and the Chaitradi, were used over exactly the same
tracts of country, but more frequently the Karttikadi.
(3) While the use of the Karttikadi year has been coupled with the purnimanta as often as with the
1 Corpus Insrriji. Ind., Vol. III., Introduction, p. 69, note.
* Ind. Ant., Vol. XX., p. 149 ff.
3 In Bengali panchangs the Vikrama Samvat, or Sarabat, is given along with the Saka year, and, like the North-Indian
Vikrama Samvat, is Chaitradi pim.iimanta.
< See Ind. Ant., vol. XVII., p. 98; also note 3, p 31, and connected Teit.
5 See, however, note 2 on the previous page.
42 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
amanta scheme of months, the Chaitradi year is found to be more commonly joined with the purnimanta
scheme: but neither scheme can be exclusively connected with either the Karttikadi or Chaitradi year.
The era was called the " Malava" era from about A.D. 450 to 850. The earliest known
date containing the word "Vikrama" is Vikrama-samvat 898 (about A.D. 840); but there the era
is somewhat vaguely described as "the time called Vikrama"; and it is in a poem composed in
the Vikrama year 1050 (about A.U. 992) that we hear for the first time of a king called Vikrama
in connection with it. (See Ind. Antiq., XX., p. 404).
At the present day the Vikrama era is sometimes called the " Vikrama-samvat ", and
sometimes the word " samvat " is used alone as meaning a year of that era. But we have
instances in which the word " samvat " (which is obviously an abbreviation of the word samvatsara,
or year) is used to denote the years of the Saka, Sirhha, or Valabhi eras l indiscriminately.
In some native panchangs from parts of the Madras presidency and Mysore for recent
years the current Vikrama dates are given in correspondence with current Saka dates ; for
example, the year corresponding to A.D. 1893—9413 said to be Saka 1 8 16, or Vikrama 1951. (See
remarks on the Saka era above.)
The Christian era. This has come into use in India only since the establishment of the
English rule. Its years at present are tropical solar commencing with January ist, and are taken
as current years. January corresponds at the present time with parts of the luni-solar amanta
months Margasirsha and Pausha, or Pausha and Magha. Before the introduction of the new style,
however, in 1752 A.D., it coincided with parts of amanta Pausha and Magha, or Magha and
Phalguna. The Christian months, as regards their correspondence with luni-solar and solar months,
are given in Table II., Part ii.
The Saka era.— This era is extensively used over the whole of India ; and in most parts
of Southern India, except in Tinnevelly and part of Malabar, it is used exclusively. In other
parts it is used in addition to local eras. In all the Karanas, or practical works on astronomy
it is used almost exclusively. 2 Its years are Chaitradi for luni-solar, and Meshadi for solar,
reckoning. Its months are purnimanta in the North and amanta in Southern India. Current
years are given in some panchangs, but the expired years are in use in most 3 parts of India.
The Chedi or Kalaclmri era. — This era is not now in use. Prof. F. Kielhorn, examining
the dates contained in ten inscriptions of this era from 793 to 934, * has come to the conclusion
l See Ind. Ant., vol. XII., pp. 213, 293; XL, p. 242 /.
- I have seen only two examples in which authors of Kamiuis have used any other era along with the Saka. The author of
the Rtima-viiuxla. gives, as the starting-point for calculations, the Akbar year 35 together with the Saka year 1512 (expired), and the
author of the Phatlesd/iaprakdsa fixes as its starting-point the 48th year of "Phattesiiha" coupled with the Saka year 1626. [S. B. D.]
3 Certain Telugu (luni-solar) and Tamil (solar) panchangs for the last few years, which I have procured, and which were
printed at Madras and are clearly in use in that Presidency, as well as a Canarese pancharig for A.D. 1893, (Saka 1816 current,
1S15 expired) edited by the Palace Astronomer of H. II. the Maharaja of Mysore, give the current Saka years. But I strongly
doubt whether the authors of these panchangs are themselves acquainted with the distinction between so-called current and expired
years. For instance, there is a panchang annually prepared by Mr. Anna Ayyaiigar, a resident of Kanjnur in the Tanjorc District,
which appears to be in general use in the Tamil country, and in that for the solar Meshadi year corresponding to 1887 — 88 he uses
the expired Saka year, calling this 1809; while in those for two other years that I have seen the current Saka year is used. 1 have
conversed with several Tamil gentlemen at Poona, and learn from them that in their part of India the generality of people are
acquainted only with the name of the samvatsara of the 60-year cycle, and give no numerical value to the years. Where the years
are numbered, however, the expired year is in general use. I am therefore inclined to believe that the so-called current Saka years
are nowhere in use; and it becomes a question whether the so-called expired Saka year is really an expired one. [S. B. D.]
4 Indian Antiquary for August, 1888, vol. XVII., p. 215, and the Academy of 10th Dec., 1887, p. 394 f. I had myself
calculated these same inscription-dates in March, 1887, and had, in conjunction with Dr. Fleet, arrived at nearly the same conclusions
as Dr. Kielhorn's, but we did not then settle the epoch, believing that the data were not sufficiently reliable. (Corpus. Inscrip.
Indie., Vol. III., Introd., p 9. [S. B. D.] See also Dr. Kielhorn's Paper read before the Oriental Congress in London. [R. S ]
THE HINDU CALENDAR. «
that the 1st day of the 1st current Chedi year corresponds to Asvina sukla pratipada of
Chaitradi Vikrama 306 current, (Saka 171 current, 5th Sept., A.D. 248); that consequently its years
are Asvinadi ; that they are used as current years ; that its months are purnimanta ; and that its
epoch, i.e., the beginning of Chedi year o current, is A. D. 247 — 48.
The era was used by the Kalachuri kings of Western and Central India, and it appears
to have been in use in that part of India in still earlier times.
The Gupta era. — This era is also not now in use. Dr. Fleet has treated it at great length
in the introduction to the Corpus. Inscrip. Ind. (Vol. Ill, "Gupta Inscriptions'"}, and again
in the Indian Antiquary (Vol. XX., pp. 376 ff.) His examination of dates in that era from 163
to 386 leads him to conclude that its years are current and Chaitradi; that the months are
purnimanta ; and that the epoch, i.e., the beginning of Gupta Samvat O current, is Saka 242 current
(A.D. 319 — 20). The era was in use in Central India and Nepal, and was used by the Gupta kings.
The Valabhi era. — This is merely a continuation of the Gupta era with its name changed
into "Valabhi." It was in use in Kathiavad and the neighbourhood, and it seems to have been
introduced there in about the fourth Gupta century. The beginning of the year was thrown
back from Chaitra sukla I st to the previous Karttika sukla i st, and therefore its epoch went
back five months, and is synchronous with the current Karttikadi Vikrama year 376 (A.D. 318 — 19,
Saka 241 — 42 current). Its months seem to be both amanta and purnimanta.
The inscriptions as yet discovered which are dated in the Gupta and Valabhi era range
from the years 82 to 945 of that era.
The Bengali San. — An era named the " Bengali San " (sometimes written in English " Sen ")
is in use in Bengal. It is a solar year and runs with the solar Saka year, beginning at the
Mesha saiikranti ; but the months receive lunar month names, and the first, which corresponds
with the Tamil Chaitra, or with Mesha according to the general reckoning, is here called Vaisakha,
and so on throughout the year, their Chaitra corresponding with the Tamil Phalguna, or with
the Mma of our Tables. We treat the years as current ones. Bengali San 1300 current cor-
responds with Saka 1816 current (A.D. 1893—94.) Its epoch was Saka 516 current, A.D. 593 — 94.
To convert a Bengali San date into a Saka date for purposes of our Tables, add 516 to the
former year, which gives the current Saka solar year, and adopt the comparison of months given
in Table II., Part, ii., cols. 8, 9.
The Vilayati year. — This is another solar year in use in parts of Bengal, and chiefly in
Orissa; it takes lunar-month names, and its epoch is nearly the same as that of the "Bengali
San", viz., Saka 515 — 16 current, A.D. 592 — 93, But it differs in two respects. First, it begins
the year with the solar month Kanya which corresponds to Bengal solar Asvina or Assin.
Secondly, the months begin on the day of the sankranti instead of on the following (2nd) or 3rd
day (see Art. 28, the Orissa Rule).
The Amli Era of Orissa— This era is thus described in Girisa Chandra's " Chronological
Tables" (preface, p. xvi.): "The Amli commences from the birth of Indradyumna, Raja of Orissa,
on Bhadrapada sukla I2th, and each month commences from the moment when the sun enters
a new sign. The Amli San is used in business transactions and in the courts of law in Orissa."
1 The Vilayati era, us iriven in some Bengal Government annual chronological Tables, and in a Bengali paiichang printed in
Calcutta that I have seen, is made identical with this Amli era in almost every respect, except that its months are made to com-
mence civilly in accordance with the second variety of the midnight rule (Art. 28). But facts seem to be that the Vilayati y
commences, not on lunar Bhadrapada sukla 12th, but with the Kauya saiikranti, while the Amli year does begin on lunar Bhadrapada <
sukla 12th. It may be remarked that Warren writes— in A.D 1825 — (Kdfatantalila, Tablet f. IX.) that the" Yilaity year is reckoned
from the 1st of the krishna paksha iu Chaitra", and that its numerical designation is the same with the Bengali San. [S. B. D.]
44 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
It is thus luni-solar with respect to changing its numerical designation, but solar as regards the
months and days. But it seems probable that it is really luni-solar also as regards its months
and days.
The Kanya sankranti can take place on any day from about 1 1 days previous to lunar
Bhadrapada sukla I2th to about 18 days after it. With the difference of so many days the epoch
and numerical designation of the Amli and Vilayati years are the same.
The Fasali year. — This is the harvest year introduced, as some say, by Akbar, originally
derived from the Muhammadan year, and bearing the same number, but beginning in July.
It was, in most parts of India, a solar year, but the different customs of different parts of India
caused a divergence of reckoning. Its epoch is apparently A. H. 963 (A. D. 1556), when its
number coincided with that of the purely lunar Muhammadan year, and from that date its years
have been solar or luni-solar. Thus (A. H.) 963 -f 337 (solar years) = 1300, and (A: D.)
15564-337=1893 A.D., with a part of which year Fasali 1300 coincides, while the same
year is A. H. 1310. The era being purely official, and not appealing to the feelings of the people
of India, the reckoning is often found to be loose and unreliable. In Madras the Fasali year
originally commenced with the 1st day of the solar month Adi (Karka), but about the year
1800 A.D. the British Government, finding that this date then coincided with July I3th, fixed
July 1 3th as the permanent initial date; and in A.D. 1855 altered this for convenience to July
ist, the present reckoning. In parts of Bombay the Fasali begins when the sun enters the
nakshatra MrigasSrsha, viz., (at present) about the 5th or 6th June. The Bengali year and the
Vilayati year both bear the same number as the Fasali year.
The names of months, their periods of beginning, and the serial number of days are the
same as in the Hijra year, but the year changes its numerical designation on a stated solar day.
Thus the year is already a solar year, as it was evidently intended to be from its name. But
at the present time it is luni-solar in Bengal, and, we believe, over all North-Western India, and
this gives rise to a variety, to be now described.
The luni-solar Fasali year. — This reckoning, though taking its name from a Muhammadan
source, is a purely Hindu year, being luni-solar, purnimanta, and Asvinadi. Thus the luni-solar
Fasali year in Bengal and N. W. India began (purnimanta Asvina krishna pratipada, Saka 1815
currents) Sept. 7th, 1882. A peculiarity about the reckoning, however, is that the months are
not divided into bright and dark fortnights, but that the whole runs without distinction of pakshas,
and without addition or expunction of tithis from the ist to the end of the month, beginning
with the full moon. Its epoch is the same as that of the Vilayati year, only that it begins
with the full moon next preceding or succeeding the Kanya sankranti, instead of on the sankranti day.
In Southern India the Fasali year 1302 began on June 5th, 1892, in Bombay, and on
July ist, 1892, in Madras. It. will be seen, therefore, that it is about two years and a quarter in
advance of Bengal.
To convert a luni-solar Bengali or N. W. Fasali date, approximately, into a date easily
workable by our Tables, treat the year as an ordinary luni-solar purnimanta year; count the
days after the 1 5th of the month as if they were days in the sukla fortnight, 1 5 being deducted
from the given figure ; add 515 to make the year correspond with the Saka year, for dates
between Asvina ist and Chaitra I5th ( = amanta Bhadrapada krishna ist and amanta Phalguna
krishna 3Oth) — and 516 between Chaitra I5th and Asvina 1st. Thus, let Chaitra 25th 1290 be
the given date. The 25th should be converted into sukla loth; adding 516 to 1290 we have 1806,
the equivalent Saka year. The corresponding Saka date is therefore amanta Chaitra sukla loth,
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 45
1806 current. From this the conversion to an A. D. date can be worked by the Tables. For
an exact equivalent the saiikranti day must be ascertained.
The Mahratta Sdr-san or Sliahiir-san. — This is sometimes called the Arabi-san. It was
extensively used during the Mahratta supremacy, and is even now sometimes found, though
rarely. It is nine years behind the Fasali of the Dakhan, but in other respects is just the same;
thus, its year commences when the sun enters the nakshatra Mrigasirsha, in which respect it is
solar, but the days and months correspond with Hijra reckoning. It only diverged from the Hijra
in A.D. 1344, according to the best computation, since when it has been a solar year as
described above. On May I5th, A.D. 1344, the Hijra year 745 began. But since then the
Shahur reckoning was carried on by itself as a solar year. To convert it to an A.D. year,
add 599.
The Harsha-Kala. — This era was founded by Harshavardhana of Kanauj, J or more properly
of Thanesar. At the time of Alberuni (A.D. 1030) it was in use in Mathura (Muttra) and Kanauj.
Its epoch seems to be Saka 529 current, A.D. 606 — 7. More than ten inscriptions have been
discovered in Nepal z dated in the first and second century of this era. In all those discovered
as yet the years are qualified only by the word " samvat ".
The Magi-San. — This era is current in the District of Chittagong. It is very similar to
the Bengali-san, the days and months in each being exactly alike. The Magi is, however, 45 years
behind the Bengali year,3 e.g., Magi 1 200 = Bengali 1245.
The Kollam era, or era of Parasurarna. — fhe year of this era is known as the Kollam
andu. Kollam (anglice Quilon) means "western", andu means "a year". The era is in use in
Malabar from Mangalore to Cape Comorin, and in the Tinnevelly district. The year is sidereal
solar. In North Malabar it begins with the solar month Kanni (Kanya), and in South Malabar
and Tinnevelly with the month Chirigam (Sirhha). In Malabar the names of the months are
sign-names, though corrupted from the original Sanskrit ; but in Tinnevelly the names are chiefly
those of lunar months, also corrupted from Sanskrit, such as Sittirai or Chittirai for the Sanskrit
Chaitra, corresponding with Mesha, and so on. The sign-names as well as the lunar-month names
are given in the paiichangs of Tinnevelly and the Tamil country. All the names will be found
in Table II., Part ii. The first Kollam andu commenced in Kali 3927 current, Saka 748 current,
A.D. 825 — 26, the epoch being Saka 747 — 48 current, A.D. 824 — 25. The years of this era as
used are current years, and we have treated them so in our Tables. .
The era is also called the "era of Parasurama", and the years run in cycles of 1000. The
present cycle is said to be the fourth, but in actual modern use the number has been allowed
to run on over the iooo, A.D. 1894 — 95 being called Kollam 1070. We believe that there is
no record extant of its use earlier than A.D. 825, and we have therefore, in our Table I., left the
appropriate column blank for the years A.D. 300 — 825. If there were really three cycles ending
with the year iooo, which expired A.D. 824 — 25, then it would follow that the Parasurama, or
Kollam, era began in Kali 1927 current, or the year 3528 of the Julian period. 4
The Ne^'ar era. This era was in use in Nepal up to A.D. 1768, when the Saka era
1 Alberuni's India, English translation by Sachnu, Vol. II., p. 5.
2 Corpus Inscrip. Indie., Vol. ///., Introd., p. 177 ff-
'•• Girisa Chandra's Chronological Tables for A.D. 1764 to 1900.
4 Warren (Kdtasajikalita, p. 298) makes it commence in "the year 3537 of the Julian period, answering to the 1926th of
the Kali yug". But this is wrong if, aa we believe, the Kollam years are current years, and we know no reason to think them
otherwise. Warren's account was based on that of Dr. Buchanan who made the 977th year of the third cycle commence in A.D. 1800.
But according to the present Malabar use it is quite clear that the year commencing in 1800 A.D., was the 976th Kollam year
t6 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
was Jntroduced. ' Its years are Karttikadi, its months amanta, and its epoch (the beginning of the
levar year o current) is the Karttikadi Vikrama year 936 current, Saka 801-2 current, A.D. 878-79
F. Kielhorn, in his Indian Antiquary paper on the "Epoch of the Newar era" * has come
the conclus,on that its years are generally given in expired years, only two out of twenty-five
tes exammed by him, running from the 23Sth to the 99Sth year of the era, being current
The era is called the "Nepal era" in inscriptions, and in Sanskrit manuscripts • « Nevar "
seems to be a corruption of that word. Table II., Part Hi., below gives the correspondence of
the years with those of other eras.
The Chalukya era. This was a short-lived era that lasted from Saka 998 (AD 1076)
Saka 1084 (A.D. ,162) only. It was instituted by the Chalukya king Vikramaditya Tribhuvana
Malla, and seems to have ceased after the defeat of the Eastern Chalukyas in A D 1162 by
Vijala Kalachuri. It followed the Saka reckoning of months and pakshas. The epoch was Saka
998—99 current, A.D. 1075—76.
The Simha Samvat.—This era was in use in Kathiavad and Gujarat. From four dates
:hat era of the years 32, 93, 96 and 151, discussed in the Indian Antiquary (Vols XVIII
IX. and elsewhere), we infer that its year is luni-solar and current ; the months are presumably
imanta, but m one instance they seem to be purnimanta, and the year is most probably Ashadhadi
certainly neither Karttikadi nor Chaitradi. Its epoch is Saka 1036-37 current AD 1113-14
The Lakshmana Sena era.— This era is in use in Tirhut and Mithila, but always along
with the Vikrama or Saka year. The people who use it know little or nothing about it
is a difference of opinion as to its epoch. Colebrooke (A.D. 1796) makes the first year
this era correspond with A.D. noS; Buchanan (A.D. .810) fixes it as A.D. 1105 or 1106-
rhut almanacs however, for the years between A.D. 1776 and 1880 shew that it corresponds
Wrtfa A.D. i ,08 or ,109. Buchanan states that the year commences on the first day after the
moon of the month Ashadha, while Dr. Rajendra Lai Mitra (A.D. 1878) and General Cunningham
that ,t begins on the first Magha badi (Magha krishna ist). » Dr. F. Kielhorn, examining six
mdependent mscnptions dated in that era (from A.D. i ,94 to 1551), concludes* that the year
the era is Karttikadi; that the months are amanta; that its first year corresponds with AD
zo, the epoch being A.D. 1 1 1 8- 19, Saka 1041-42 current ; and that documents and inscriptions
ney
ThiS condusion is supported by Abul Fazal's statement
the AMarnama (Saka 1506, A.D. 1584). Dr. Kielhorn gives, in support of his conclusion,
the equation "Laksh: sam: 505 = Saka sam: 1546" from a manuscript of <te Sinrititattvainrita,
and proves the correctness of his epoch by other dates than the six first given
-he WK«*--n* • Tarikh-i Ilahi," that is "the mighty or divine era," was established by
the emperor Akbar. It dates from his accession, which, according to the Tabakat-i-Akbari, was
Friday the 2nd of Rabi-us-sani, A.H. 963, or ,4th February, * 1556 (O. S.), Saka 1478 current.
: was employed extensively, though not exclusively on the coins of Akbar and Jahangir and
appears to have fallen into disuse early in the reign of Shah-Jahan. According to Abul Fazal
e days and months are both natural solar, without any intercalations. The names of the months
d days correspond with the ancient Persian. The months have from 29 to 30 days each.
1 General Sir A. Cunningham's Indian Eras, ]>. 74.
* 2nd. Ant., Vol. XVII., p. 246 ff.
This much information is from General Cunningham's "Indian Eras"
4 Ind. Ant., XIX., p. 1 ff.
' General Cunningham, in his "Indian Era*", gives it as 15th February; but that day was a Saturday..
THE HIXDV CAI.RNDAR. 47
There are no weeks, the whole 30 days being distinguished by different names, and in those
months which have 32 days .the two last are named ros o shab (day and night), and to distinguish
one from another are called " first '-' and " second ". > Here the lengths of the months are said to be
"from 29 to 30 days each", but in the old Persian calendar of Yazdajird they had 30 days
each, the same as amongst the Parsees of the present day. The names of the twelve months
are as follow.—
1 Farwardin 5 Mirdad 9 Ader
2 Ardi-behisht 6 Shariur 10 Dei
3 Khurdad 7 Mihir 1 1 Bahman
4 Tir 8 Aban 12 Isfandarmaz
The Mahratta Raja Saka m*.-This is also called the » Rajyabhisheka Saka" The
Saka" is used here in the sense of an era. It was established by Sivaji, the founder
the Mahratta kingdom, and commenced on the day of his accession to the throne ie Jyeshtha
sukla trayodasi (i3th) of Saka 1596 expired, 1597 current, the Ananda samvatsara.' The number
the year changes every Jyeshtha sukla trayodasi; the years are current; in other respects it
same as the Southern luni-solar amanta Saka years. Its epoch is Saka 1596-97 current,
A.U. 1073 — 74. It is not now in use.
72. Names of Hindi and N. W. Fasali ww/^.-Some of the months in the North of India
Bengal are named differently from those in the Peninsula. Names which are manifestly
orruptions need not be noticed, though "Bhadun" for Bhadrapada is rather obscure Buf'Kuar"
Asvma, and « Aghan", or "Aghran", for Margasirsha deserve notice. The former seems to
orruption of Kumari, a synonym of Kanya (=Virgo, the damsel), the solar sign-name If so
• a peculiar mstance of applying a solar sign-name to a lunar month. « Aghan " (or " Aghran ")
corrupt form of Agrahayana, which is another name of Margasirsha
PART If I.
DESCRIPTION AND EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES.
73- Table /.-Table I. is our principal and general Table, and it forms the basis for all
t will be found divided into three sections, (i) Table of concurrent years ; (2) inter-
and suppressed months; (3) moments of commencement of the solar and luni-solar years
e figures refer to mean solar time at the meridian of Ujjain. The calculations are based on the
Stoya.Siddk&nta, without the bija up to 1500 A.D. and with it afterwards, with the exception
. 13 to 17 inclusive for which the Arya-Siddhanta has been used. Throughout the table
year is taken to commence at the moment of the apparent Mesha sankranti or first
point Ol /XriP*; anH fli^» Inwl f/Jo.- • j.1 * . /~«»
•»*». vi j kiicai diiu uic luni-SO13r V&ar \virh pmint'o I Moiff^ t?nlj-li ».«««.' j * T^J i
n as amdnta 'tra sukla pratipada. The months are
74- Cols, i to j-.— In these columns the concurrent years of the six principal eras are
Prinsep's Indian Antiquities, II., Usrful Tables, p. 171.
48 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
given. (As to current and expired years see Art. 70 above.) A short description of eras is given
in Art. 7 1 . The years in the first three columns are used alike as solar and luni-solar, commenc-
ing respectively with Mesha or Chaitra. (For the beginning point of the year see Art. 52 above.)
The Vikrama year given in col. 3 is the Chaitradi Vikrama year, or, when treated as a solar
year which is very rarely the case, the Meshadi year. The Ashadhadi and Karttikadi Vikrama
years are not given, as they can be regularly calculated from the Chaitradi year, remembering
that the number of the former year is one less than that of the Chaitradi year from Chaitra to
Jyeshtha or Asvina (both inclusive), as the case may be, and the same as the Chaitradi year from
Ashadha or Karttika to the end of Phalguna.
Cols. 4. and 5. The eras in cols. 4 and 5 are described above (Art. 71.) The double
number is entered in col. 4 so that it may not be forgotten that the Kollam year is non-Chaitradi
or non-Meshadi, since it commences with either Kanni (Kanya) or Chingam (Sirhha). In the case
of the Christian era of course the first year entered corresponds to the Kali, Saka or Chaitradi
Vikrama year, for about three-quarters of the latter's course, and for about the last quarter the
second Christian year entered must be taken. The corresponding parts of the years of all these
eras as well as of several others will be found in Table II., Parts ii. and iii.
75. Cols. 6 and 7. — These columns give the number and name of the current samvatsara
of the sixty-year cycle. There is reason to believe that the sixty-year luni-solar cycle (in use
mostly in Southern India) came into existence only from about A. D. 909; and that before
that the cycle of Jupiter was in use all over India. That is to say, before A. D. 909 the samvat-
saras in Southern India were the same as those of the Jupiter cycle in the North. If, however,
it is found in any case that in a year previous to A.D. 908 the samvatsara given does not agree
with our Tables, the rule in Art. 62 should be applied, in order to ascertain whether it was a
luni-solar samvatsara.
The samvatsara given in col. 7 is that which was current at the time of the Mesha san-
kranti of the year mentioned in cols, i to 3. To find the samvatsara current on any particular
day of the year the rules given in Art. 59 should be applied. For other facts regarding the
samvatsaras, see Arts. 53 to 63 above.
76. Cols. 8 to 12, and 8a to iza. These concern the adhika (intercalated) and kshaya
(suppressed) months. For full particulars see Arts. 45 to 5 1 . By the mean system of interca-
lations there can be no suppressed months, and by the true system only a few. We have given the
suppressed months in italics with the suffix " Ksh" for "kshaya." As mean added months were
only in use up to A.D. i too (Art. 47) we have not given them after that year.
77. The name of the month entered in col. 8 or 8« is fixed according to the first rule
for naming a lunar month (Art. 4.6), which is in use at the present day. Thus, the name Ashadha,
in cols. 8 or 8a, shows that there was an intercalated month between natural Jyeshtha and natural
Ashadha, and by the first rule its name is "Adhika Ashadha", natural Ashadha being " Nija Ashadha."
By the second rule it might have been called Jyeshtha, but the intercalated period is the same
in either case. In the case of expunged months the word "Pausha", for instance, in col. 8
shows that in the lunar month between natural Karttika and natural Magha there were two
sankrantis; and according to the rule adopted by us that lunar month is called Margaslrsha,
Pausha being expunged.
78. Lists of intercalary and expunged months are given by the late Prof. K. L. Chhatre
in a list published in Vol. I., No. 12 (March 1851) of a Mahrathi monthly magazine called
Jnanaprasaraka, formerly published in Bombay, but now discontinued; as well as in Cowasjee
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 4')
Patell's "Chronology", and in the late Gen. Sir A. Cunningham's " Indian Eras," ' But in none
of these three works is a single word said as to how, or following what authority, the calculations
were made, so that we have no guide to aid us in checking the correctness of their results.
79. An added lunar month being one in which no sankranti of the sun occurs, it is
evident that a sankranti must fall shortly before the beginning, and another one shortly after the
end, of such a month, or in other words, a solar month must begin shortly before and must end
shortly after the added lunar month. It is further evident that, since such is the case, calculation
made by some other Siddkanta may yield a different result, even though the difference in the
astronomical data which form the basis of calculation is but slight. Hence we have deemed it
essential, not only to make our own calculations afresh throughout, but to publish the actual
resulting figures which fix the months to be added and suppressed, so that the reader may judge
in each case how far it is likely that the use of a different authority would cause a difference
in the months affected. Our columns fix the moment of the sankranti before and the sankranti
after the added month, as well as the sankranti after the beginning, and the sankranti before the
end, of the suppressed month ; or in other words, determine the limits of the adhika and kshaya
masas. The accuracy of our calculation can be easily tested by the plan shewn in Art. 90 below.
(See also Art. 88 below.} The moments of time are expressed in two ways, viz., in lunation-
parts and tithis, the former following Prof. Jacobi's system as given in Ind. Ant., Vol. XVII.
80. Lunation- parts or, as we elsewhere call them, " tithi-indices " (or "/") are extensively
used throughout this work and require full explanation. Shortly stated a' lunation-part is
~0th of an apparent synodic revolution of the moon (see Note 2, Art. 12 above). It will be
well to put this more clearly. When the difference between the longitude of the sun and moon,
or in other words, the eastward distance between them, is nil, the sun and moon are said to be
in conjunction; and at that moment of time occurs (the end ot) amavasya, or new moon. (Arts. 7.29
above.} Since the moon travels faster than the sun, the difference between their longitudes, or their
distance from one another, daily increases during one half and decreases during the other half of the
month till another conjunction takes place. The time between two conjunctions is a synodic
lunar month or a lunation, during which the moon goes through all its phases. The lunation
may thus be taken to represent not only time but space. We could of course have expressed parts
of a lunation by time-measure, such as by hours and minutes, or ghatikas and palas, or by
space-measure, such as degrees, minutes, or seconds, but we prefer to express it in lunation-parts,
because then the same number does for either time or space (see Art. 89 beloiv). A lunation
consists of 30 tithis. ith of a lunation consequently represents the time-duration of a tithi or the
space-measurement of 12 degrees. Our lunation is divided into 1 0,000 parts, and about 333
lunation-parts ( -ths) go to one tithi, 667 to two tithis, 1000 to three and so on. Lunation-
parts are therefore styled "tithi-indices", and by abbreviation simply "t". Further, a lunation
or its parts may be taken as apparent or mean. Our tithi-, nakshatra-, and yoga-indices are
apparent and not mean, except in the case of mean added months, where the index, like the
whole lunation, is mean.
1 Gen. Cunningham admittedly (p. 91) follows Cowasjee Patell's " Chronology" in this respect, and on examination I 6nd that the
added and suppressed months in these two works (setting aside some few mistakes of their own) agree throughout with Prof. Chhatre's
list, even so far as to include certain instances where the latter was incorrect. Patell's "Chronoloiiy" was published fifteen years aDt-r
the publication of Prof. Chhatre's list, and it is not improbable that the former was a copy of the latter. It is odd that not a single
word is said in Cowasjee Patell's work to shew how his calculations were made, though in those days he would have required months
or even years of intricate calculation before he could arrive at his results. [S B. D.]
5o THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
Our tithi-index, or, "/", therefore shows in the case of true added months as well as
elsewhere, the space-difference between the apparent, and in the case of mean intercalations between
the mean, longitudes of the sun and moon, or the time required for the motions of the sun and
moon to create that difference, expressed in io,oooths of a unit, which is a circle in the case of
space, and a lunation or synodic revolution of the moon in the case of time. Briefly the tithi-
index "/" shews the position of the moon in her orbit with respect to the sun, or the time
necessary for her to gain that position., e.g., "o" is new moon, " 5000" full moon, " 10,000" or "o"
new moon; "50" shews that the moon has recently (i.e., by ~ths, or 3 hours 33 minutes —
Table X., col. 3) passed the point or moment of conjunction (new moon) ; 9950 shews that she
is approaching new-moon phase, which will occur in another 3 hours and 33 minutes.
8 1 . A lunation being equal to 30 tithis, the tithi-index, which expresses the io,oooth part of a
lunation, can easily be converted into tithi-notation, for the index multiplied by 30 (practically
by 3), gives, with the decimal figures marked off, the required figure in tithis and decimals.
Thus if the tithi-index is 9950, which is really 0.9950, it is equal to (0.9950 X 30=) 29.850
tithis, and the meaning is that f^ths of the lunation, or 29.850 tithis have expired. Conversely
a figure given in tithis and decimals divided by 30 expresses the same in io,oooths parts of a
lunation.
82. The tithi-index or tithi is often required to be converted into a measure of solar
time, such as hours or ghatikas. Now the length of an apparent lunation, or of an apparent tithi,
perpetually varies, indeed it is varying at every moment, and consequently it is practically im-
possible to ascertain it except by elaborate and special calculations; but the length of a mean
lunation, or of a mean tithi, remains permanently unchanged. Ignoring, therefore, the difference
between apparent and mean lunations, the tithi-index or tithi can be readily converted into time
by our Table X., which shews the time-value of the mean lunation-part (jjj^th of the mean lunation),
and of the mean tithi-part (j^th of the mean tithi). Thus, if / = 50, Table X. gives the duration
as 3 hours 33 minutes; and if the tithi-part1 is given as 0.150 we have by Table X. (2 h. 22 m.
+ i h. 1 1 min. = ) 3 h. 33 m.
It must be understood of course that the time thus given is not very accurate, because
the tithi-index (t) is an apparent index, while the values in Table X. are for the . mean index.
The same remark applies to the nakshatra (ri) or yoga (y] indices, and if accuracy is desired
the process of calculation must be somewhat lengthened. This is fully explained in example I
in Art. 148 below. In the case of mean added months the value of (t) the tithi-index is at
once absolutely accurate.
83. The sankrantis preceding and succeeding an added month, as given in our Table I.,
of course take place respectively in the lunar month preceding and succeeding that added month.
84. To make the general remarks in Arts. 80, 81, 82 quite clear for the intercalation of
months we will take an actual example. Thus, for the Kali year 3403 the entries in cols. 9 and
1 1 are 9950 and 287, against the true added month Asvina in col. 8. This shews us that the
sankranti preceding the true added, or Adhika, Asvina took place when 9950 lunation-parts of
the natural month Bhadrapada (preceding Adhika Asvina) had elapsed, or when (10,000-9950=)
50 parts had to elapse before the end of Bhadrapada, or again when 50 parts had to elapse
l A thousandth part of a tithi is equal to 1 . 42 minutes, which is sufficiently minute for our purposes, but a thousandth of a
lunation is equivalent to 7 hours 5 minutes, and this is too large; so that we have to take the 10000th of a lunation as our unit,
which is equal to 4.25 minutes, and this suffices for all practical purposes. In this work therefore a lunation is treated of as having
10,000 parls, and a tithi 1000 parts.
7 II R HIND U CALENDAR. 5 '
before the beginning of the added month ; and that the .sankranti succeeding true Adhika Asvina
took place when 287 parts of the natural month Nija Asvina had elapsed, or when 287 parts
had elapsed after the end of the added month Adhika Asvina.
85. The moments of the sankrantis are further given in tithis and decimals in cols. 10,
12, io« and \2a. Thus, in the above example we find that the preceding sankranti took place
when 29-850 tithis of the preceding month Bhadrapada had elapsed, i.e., when (30 — 29-850 =)
O' 1 50 tithis had still to elapse before the end of Bhadrapada ; and that the succeeding sankranti
took place when 0-86 1 of a tithi of the succeeding month, Asvina, had passed.
To turn these figures into time is rendered easy by Table X. We learn from it that the
preceding sankranti took place (50 lunation parts or 0-150 tithi parts) about 3 h. 33 in. before
the beginning of Adhika Asvina; and that the succeeding sankranti took place (287 lunation parts,
or -86 1 tithi parts) about 20 h. 20 m. after the end of Adhika Asvina. This time is approximate.
For exact time see Arts. 82 and 90.
The tithi-indices here shew (see Art. 88) that there is no probability of a different month
being intercalated if the calculation be made according to a different authority.
86. To constitute an expunged month we have shewn that two sankrantis must occur
in one lunar month, one shortly after the beginning and the other shortly before the end of
the month; and in cols. 9 and 10 the moment of the first sankranti, and in cols. 11 and 12
that of the second sankranti, is given. For example see the entries against Kali 3506 in
Table I. As already stated, there can never be an expunged month by the mean system
87. In the case of an added month the moon must be waning at the time of the pre-
ceding, and waxing at the time of the succeeding sankranti, and therefore the figure of the tithi-
index must be approaching 10,000 at the preceding, and over 10,000, or beginning a new
term of 10,000, at the succeeding, sankranti. In the case of expunged months the case
is reversed, and the moon must be waxing at the first, and waning at the second sankranti ;
and therefore the tithi-index must be near the beginning of a period of 10,000 at the first,
and approaching 10,000 at the second, sankranti.
88. When by the Siirya-Siddhanta a new moon (the end of the amavasya) takes place
within about 6 ghatikas, or 33 lunation-parts, of the sankranti, or beginning and end of a solar
month, there may be a difference in the added or suppressed month if the calculation be made
according to another Siddkanta. Hence when, in the case of an added month, the figure in
col. 9 or ga is more than (10,000 — 33 =) 9967, or when that in col. u or \\a is less than 33;
and in the case of an expunged month when the figure in col. 9 is less than 33, or when that
in col. 1 1 is more than 9967, it is possible that calculation by another Siddhanta will yield a
different month as intercalated or expunged ; or possibly there will be no expunction of a month
at all. In such cases fresh calculations should be made by Prof. Jacobi's Special Tables (Epig.
hid., Vol. II.) or direct from the Siddhanta in question. In all other cases it may be regarded
as certain that our months are correct for all Siddhantas. The limit of 33 lunation-parts here
given is generally sufficient, but it must not be forgotten that where Siddhantas are used with
a bija correction the difference may amount to as much as 20 ghatikas, or 113 lunation-parts
(See above, note to Art. ^pj.
In the case of the Siirya-Siddhanta it may be noted that the added and suppressed months
are the same in almost all cases, whether the bija is applied or not.
89. We have spared no pains to secure accuracy in the calculation of the figures entered
in cols. 9 to 12 and qa to \2a, and we believe that they may be accepted as finally correct,
52 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
but it should be remembered that their time-equivalent as obtained from Table X. is only approxi-
mate for the reason given above (Art. 82.) Since Indian readers are more familiar with tithis
than with lunation-parts, and since the expression of time in tithis may be considered desirable
by some European workers, we have given the times of all the required sankrantis in tithis and
decimals in our columns, as well as in lunation-parts ; but for turning our figures into time-figures
it is easier to work with lunation-parts than with tithi-parts. It may be thought by some readers
that instead of recording the phenomena in lunation-parts and tithis it would have been
better to have given at once the solar time corresponding to the moments of the sankrantis
in hours and minutes. But there are several reasons which induced us, after careful consideration,
to select the plan we have finally adopted. First, great labour is saved in calculation; for to
fix the exact moments in solar time at least five processes must be gone through in each case,
as shewn in our Example I. below (Art. 14.8} It is true that, by the single process used by us,
the time-equivalents of the given lunation-parts are only approximate, but the lunation-parts and
tithis are in themselves exact. Secondly, the time shewn by our figures in the case of the mean
added months is the same by the Original Surya, the Present Surya, and the Arya-Siddhanta,
as well as by the Present Surya-Siddhanta with the bija, whereas, if converted into solar time,
all of these would vary and require separate columns. Thirdly, the notation used by us serves
one important purpose. It shews in one simple figure the distance in time of the sankrantis
from the beginning and end of the added or suppressed month, and points at a glance to the
probability or otherwise of there being a difference in the added or suppressed month in the
case of the use of another authority. Fourthly, there is a special convenience in our method for
working out such problems as are noticed in the following articles.
90. Supposing it is desired to prove the correctness of our added and suppressed months,
or to work them out independently, this can easily be done by the following method : The
moment of the Mesha sankranti according to the Surya-Siddhanta is given in cols. 13, 14 and 15^
to \ja for all years from A.D. iioo to 1900, and for other years it can be calculated by the
aid of Table D. in Art. 96 below. Now we wish to ascertain the moment of two consecutive new
moons connected with the month in question, and we proceed thus. The interval of time between
the beginning of the solar year and the beginning or end of any solar month according to the
Surya-Siddhanta, is given in Table III., cols. 8 or 9; and by it we can obtain by the rules in
Art. 151 below, the tithi-index for the moment of beginning and end of the required solar month,
z>., the moments of the solar sankrantis, whose position with reference to the new moon determines
the addition or suppression of the luni-solar month. The exact interval also in solar time between
those respective sankrantis and the new moons (remembering that at new moon " 7" = 10,000)
can be calculated by the same rules. This process will at once shew whether the moon was
waning or waxing at the preceding and succeeding sankrantis, and this of course determines the
addition or suppression of the month. The above, however, applies only to the apparent or true
intercalations and suppressions. For mean added months the Sodliya (2 d. 8 gh. 5 1 p. 1 5 vi.) must
be added (see Art. 26} to the Mesha-sankranti time according to the Arya-Siddhanta (Table I.,
col. 15), and the result will be the time of the mean Mesha sankranti. For the required sub-
sequent sankrantis all that is necessary is to add the proper figures of duration as given in
Art. 24, which shews the mean length of solar months, and to find the "a" for the results so
obtained by Art. 151. Then add 200 to the totals and the result will be the required tithi-indices.
91. It will of course be asked how our figures in Table I. were obtained, and what guarantee
we can give for their accuracy. It is therefore desirable to explain these points. Our calcula-
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 53
tions for true intercalated and suppressed months were first made according^) the method and Tables
published by Prof. Jacobi (in the Ind. Ant., Vol. XVII., pp. 14.5 to 181) as corrected by the errata list
printed in the same volume. We based our calculations on his Tables i to 10, and the method given in
his example 4 on pp. 152 — 53,' but with certain differences, the necessity of which must now be explain-
ed. Prof. Jacobi's Tables I to 4, which give the dates of the commencement of the solar months, and the
hour and minute, were based on the Arya-Siddhanta, while Tables 5 to 10 followed the Surya-
Sidd/ianta, and these two Siddhantas differ. In consequence several points had to be attended to.
First, in Prof. Jacobi's Tables i to 4 the solar months are supposed to begin exactly at Ujjain
mean sunset, while in fact they begin (as explained by himself at p. 1 47) at or shortly after mean
sunset. This state of things is harmless as re£trds calculations made for the purpose for which
the Professor designed and chiefly uses these Tables, but such is not the case when the task is
to determine an intercalary month, where a mere fraction may make all the difference, and where the
exact moment of a sankranti must positively be ascertained. Secondly, the beginning of the
solar year, i.e., the moment of the Mesha-saiikranti, differs when calculated according to those
two Siddhantas, as will be seen by comparing cols. 15 to 17 with cols. 150 to \ja of our
Table I., the difference being nif in A.D. 496 and 6 gh 23 pa. 41.4 pra. vi. in 1900 A.D. Thirdly,
even if we suppose the year to begin simultaneously by both Siddhantas, still the collective
duration of the months from the beginning of the year to the end of the required solar month is
not the same, " as will be seen by comparing cols. 6 or 7 with cols. 8 or 9 of our Table III.
We have applied all the corrections necessitated by these three differences to the figures obtained
from Prof. Jacobi's Tables and have given the final results in cols. 9 and n. We know of no
independent test which can be applied to determine the accuracy of the results of our calculations
for true added and suppressed months; but the first calculations were made exceedingly carefully
and were checked and rechecked. They were made quite independently of any previously existing
lists of added and suppressed months, and the results were afterwards compared with Prof. Chhatre's
list ; and whenever a difference appeared the calculations were completely re-examined. In some
cases of expunged months the difference between the two lists is only nominal, but in other cases
of difference it can be said with certainty that Prof. Chhatre's list is wrong. (See note to Art. 46.)
Moreover, since the greatest possible error in the value of the tithi-index that can result by use
of Prof. Jacobi's Table is 7 (see his Table p. 164), whenever the tithi-index for added and sup-
pressed months obtained by our computation fell within 7 of 10,000, i.e., whenever the resulting
index was below 7 or over 9993, the results were again tested direct by the Surya-Siddhanta. *
As regards mean intercalations every figure in our cols, ga to \2a was found correct by
independent test. The months and the times of the sankrantis expressed in tithi-indices and
tithis were calculated by the present Surya-Siddhanta, and the results are the same whether
1 For finding the initial date of the luni-solar years Prof. Jacobi's Tables I. to XI. were used, and in the course of the calcu-
lations it was necessary to introduce a few alterations, and to correct some misprints which had crept in in addition to those noted in
the alrrady published errata-list. Thus, the earliest date noted in Tables I. to IV., being A.D. 854, these Tables bad to be extended
backwards by adding two lines more of figures above those already given. In Table VI., as corrected by the errata, the bija is taken
into accnunt only from A.D. ifiOl, whereas we cunsiler that it should be introduced from A.D. 1501 (see Art. 21). In Table VI.
the century correction is given for the New (Gregorian) Style from A.D IftOO according to the practice in the most part of Europ*.
1 have preferred, however, to introduce the New Style into our Tables from Sept. A.D. 1752 to suit English readers, and this necessi-
tated an alteration in the century data for two centuries. [R. S.]
It is the same according to Warren, but in this respect he is in error. (See note to Art. -1\.)
3 42 calculations were thus made direct by the SArya-Stddhdnta with and without the bija, with the satisfactfry rerilH tint
the error in the final figure of the tithi-index originally anived at "as generally only of 1 or 2 units, while in soijfecases it was
ail It was rarely 3, and only once 4. It never exceeded 4. It may therefore be fairly assumed that our results are accnrafe/p.B D.]
54 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
worked by that or by the Original Surya-Siddhanta, the First Arya-Siddhanta, or the Present
Surya-Siddhanta with the bija.
We think, therefore, that the list of true added and suppressed months and that of the
mean added months as given by us is finally reliable.
92. Cols. 13 to 77 or to j 7 'a. The solar year begins from the moment of the Mesha
sankranti and this is taken as apparent and not mean. We give the exact moment for all years
from A.D. 300 to 1900 by the Arya-Siddhanta, and in addition for years between A.D. uooand
1900 by the Surya-Siddhantas as well. (See also Art. 96). Every figure has been independently
tested, and found correct. The week-day and day of the month A.D. as given in cols. 13 and
14 are applicable to both the Siddhantas, but pafccular attention must be paid to the footnote in
Table I., annexed to A.D. 1117—18 and some other subsequent years. The entries in cols. 15
and 15^ for Indian reckoning in ghatikas and palas, and in cols. 17 and \ja for hours and
minutes, imply that at the instant of the sankranti so much time has elapsed since mean sunrise
at Ujjain on the day in question. Ujjain mean sunrise is generally assumed to be 6. 0 a.m.
93. The alteration of week-day and day of the month alluded to in the footnote mentioned in the
last paragraph (Table I., A.D. 1117 — 18) is due to the difference resulting from calculations made by
the two Siddhantas, the day fixed by the Surya-Siddhanta being sometimes one later than that found
by the Arya-Siddhanta. It must be remembered, however, that the day in question runs from sun-
rise to sunrise, and therefore a moment of time fixed as falling between midnight and sunrise belongs to
the preceding day in Indian reckoning, though to the succeeding day by European nomenclature. For
example, the Mesha sankranti in Saka 1039 expired (A.D. 1117) took place, according to the Arya-Sidd-
hanta on Friday 23rd March at 58 gh. ip. after Ujjain mean sunrise (23 h. 1 2 m. after sunrise on Friday,
or 5.12 a.m. on Saturday morning, 24th); while by the Siirya-Siddhanta it fell on Saturday 24th at
o gh. 51 pa. (r=o h. 20 m. after sunrise or 6.20 a.m.). This only happens of course when the
sankranti according to the Arya-Siddhanta falls nearly at the end of a day, or near mean sunrise.
94. In calculating the instant of the apparent Mesha-sankrantis, we have taken the sodhya
at 2 d. 8 gh. 51 pa. 15 vipa. according to the Arya-Siddhanta, and 2 d. 10 gh. 14 pa. 30 vipa.
according to the Surya-Siddhanta. (See Art. 26.)
95. The figure given in brackets after the day and month in cols. 13 and 19 is the
number of that day in the English common year, reckoning from January 1st. For instance, 75
against i6th March shows that i6th March is the 75th day from January ist inclusive. This figure
is called the "date indicator", or shortly (d), in the methods of computation " B " and "C " given
below (Part IV.), and is intended as a guide with reference to Table IX., in which the collective
duration of days is given in the English common year.
96. The fixture of the moments of the 1600 Mesha-sankrantis noted in this volume will
be found advantageous for many purposes, but we have designed it chiefly to facilitate the
conversion of solar dates as they are used in Bengal and Southern India. J We have not given
the moments of Mesha-sankrantis according to the Siirya-Siddhanta prior to A.D. iioo, so that
the Arya-Siddhanta computation must be used for dates earlier than that, even those occurring in
Bengal. There is little danger in so doing, since the difference between the times of the Mesha-
sankrantis according to the two Siddhantas during that period is very slight, being nil in A.D. 496,
and only increasing to i h. 6 m. at the most in iioo A.D. It is, however, advisable to give
a correction Table so as to ensure accuracy, and consequently we append the Table which follows, by
which the difference for any year lying between A.D. 496 and 1 100 A.D. can be found. It is
1 See Att. 21, and the first footnote appended to it.
THE HINDU CALENDAR.
55
used in the following manner. First find the interval in years between the given year and A. U.
496. Then take the difference given for that number of years in the Table, and subtract »r
add it to the moment of the Mesha-sarikranti fixed by us in Table I. by the Ajya-Siddkctnta, according
as the given year is prior or subsequent to A.D. 496. The quotient gives the moment of the
Mesha-sankranti by the S&rya-Siddhanta.
TABLE
Shewing the difference between the moments of the Mesha-sankranti as calculated by the
Present Surya and the first Arya-Siddhantas; the difference in A.D. 496 (Saka 496 current)
being o.
Difference
DittaraiM
Dill'i
No.
«f
Expressed in
No.
of
Expressed in
\u
of
Expressed in
gh. pa.
lllimltrs.
gh. pa.
minMch.
years.
gh. pa. minutes
1
0 0.3
0.1
10
0 2.7'
1.1
100
0 27.3
10.9
2
i) (}.:,
0.2
20
0 5.5
2.2
200
o :.4.t;
21.9
3
0 0.8
0.1
30
0 S.2
3.3
300
1 22.0
12. a
4
0 1.1
0.4
40
0 10.9
4.4
400
1 49.3
43.7
5
0 1.4
0.6
&0
0 13.7
5.5
500
2 16.6
54 . 7
ti
0 1.6 'i 7
CO
0 Hi. 4
li.li
600
2 41 i
65.6
7
0 1.9 0.8
70
0 19.1
7.7
700
8 11.3
76.5
8
0 2.2
0.9
80
0 21.9
800
3 38.6
9
0 2.5
1.0
90
0 24.6
9.8
900
4 6.0
98.4
Example. Find the time of the Mesha sankranti by the Surya-Siddhanta in A.D. 1000.
The difference for (1000—496=) 504 years is (2 gh. 16.6 pa. -\- I.I pa. =) 2 gh. 17.7 pa. Adding
this to Friday, 22nd March, 42gh. Spa., i.e., the time fixed by the Arya-Siddhanta (Table /.,
cols, ij, /j), we have 44 gh. 22. 7 pa. from sunrise on that Friday as the actual time by the
Surya-Siddhanta.
97. Cols. 19 to 25. The entries in these columns enable us to convert and verify Indian
luni-solar dates. They were first calculated, as already stated, according to the Tables published
by Prof. Jacobi in the Indian Antiquary J (Vol. XVII.). The calculations were not only most
carefully made, but every figure was found to be correct by independent test. As now finally
issued, however, the figures are those obtained from calculations direct from the Sitrya-Siddhanta,
specially made by Mr. S. Balkrishna Dikshit. The articles a, b, c, in cols. 23 to 25 are very
important as they form the basis for all calculations of dates demanding an exact result. Their
meaning is fully described below (Art. 102.}.
The meaning of the phrase "moon's age" (heading of cols. 21, 22) in the Nautical
Almanack is the mean time in days elapsed since the moon's conjunction with the sun (amavasya,
new moon). For our purposes the moon's age is its age in lunation-parts and tithis, and these
have been fully explained above.
98. The week-day and day of the month A.D. given in cols. 19 and 20 shew the civil
day on which Chaitra sukla pratipada of each year, as an apparent tithi. ends. 3 The figures
given in cols. 21 to 25 relate to Ujjain mean sunrise on that day.
I .S,v? note 1 to Art. 91.
'-' We have seen before (Arts. 45 etc. above) how months and tithis are sometimes added or expunged . Nun in niseof Chniira
sukla pratipada being current at sunrise on two successive days, as sometimes happens, thelir- the day/.-
to that given by us, is taken ns the first day of the Indian liuii-solar year (set Art. 52/ This does not, however, create air.
fusion in our method (' since the quantities li'iv 'l'.\ to -':• :ire correct for the day and time for which they are irixen ; while
as for our methods A and B, the day note.1 more convenient.
S6 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
99 When an intercalary Chaitra occurs by the true system (Arts, 45 etc. above) it must
be remembered that the entries in cols. 19 to 25 are for the sukla-pratipada of the intercalated,
not the true, Chaitra.
100. The first tithi of the year (Chaitra sukla pratipada) in Table I., cols. 19 to 25, is
taken as an apparent, not mean, tithi, which practice conforms to that of the ordinary native
panchangs. By this system, as worked out according to our methods A and B, the English
equivalents of all subsequent tithis will be found as often correct as if the first had been taken
as a mean tithi ; — probably more often.
101. The figures given in cols. 21 and 22, except in those cases where a minus sign is
found prefixed (e.g., Kali 4074 current), constitute a first approximation showing how much of
chaitra sukla pratipada had expired on the occurrence of mean sunrise at Ujjain on the day given
in cols. 19 and 20. Col. 21 gives the expired lunation-parts or tithi-index, and col. 22 shews
the same period in tithi-parts, i.e., decimals of a tithi. The meaning of both of these is explained
above (Arts. 80 and <?/). We differ from the ordinary panchangs in one respect, viz., that while
they give the portion of the tithi which has to run after mean sunrise, we have given, as in some
ways more convenient, the portion already elapsed at sunrise. Thus, the entry 286 in col. 21
means that 286 lunation-parts of Chaitra sukla 1st had expired at mean sunrise. The new moon
therefore took place 286 lunation-parts before mean sunrise, and by Table X., col. 3, 286
lunation-parts are equal to (14 h. 10 m. -(- 6 h. 6 m. —) 20 h. 16 m. The new moon therefore
took place 20 h. 16 m. before sunrise, or at 9.44 a.m. on the previous day by European reckoning.
The ending-moment of Chaitra sukla pratipada can be calculated in the same way, remembering
that there are 333 lunation-parts to a tithi.
We allude in the last paragraph to those entries in cols. 21 and 22 which stand with a
minus sign prefixed. Their meaning is as follows: — Just as other tithis have sometimes to be
expunged so it occasionally happens that Chaitra sukla ist has to be expunged. In other
words, the last tithi of Phalguna, or the tithi called amavasya, is current at sunrise on one civil
day and the 2nd tithi of Chaitra (Chaitra sukla dvitiya) at sunrise on the following civil day. In such
a case the first of these is the civil day corresponding to Chaitra sukla ist; and accordingly we
give this civil day in cols. 19 and 20. But since the amavasya-tithi (the last tithi of Phalguna) was
actually current at sunrise on that civil day we give in cols. 21 and 22 the lunation-parts and tithi-
parts of the amavasya-tithi which have to run after sunrise with a minus sign prefixed to them.
Thus, " — 12" in col. 21 means that the tithi-index at sunrise was 10,000 — 12 — or 9988, and that
the amavasya-tithi (Phalguna Krishna 15 or 30) (Table VIII. , col. jj will end 12 lunation-parts
after sunrise, while the next tithi will end 333 lunation-parts after that.
102. (a, b. c, cols. 23, 24., 25). The moment of any new moon, or that moment in each
lunation when the sun and moon are nearest together, in other words when the longitudes
of the sun and moon are equal, cannot be ascertained without fixing the following three elements,—
(a) The eastward distance of the moon from the sun in mean longitude, (b} the moon's mean
anomaly (Art. 15 and note], which is here taken to be her distance from her perigee in mean
longitude, (c) the sun's mean anomaly, or his distance from his perigee in mean longitude.
And thus our "a", "&", "c", have the above meanings; "a" being expressed in io,oooths of
a circle reduced by 200 . 6 for purposes of convenience of use, all calculations being then additive,
"£" and "c" being given in loooths of the circle. To take an example. At Ujjain mean sunrise
on Chaitra sukla pratipada of the Kali year 3402 (Friday, 8th March, A.D. 300), the mean long-
itudes calculated direct from the Surya-Siddhanta were as follow: The sun, 349° 22' 27". 92.
THE HINDU CALENDAR.
57
The sun's perigee, 257" 14' 22 ".86. The moon,3SS" 5S'35"-32. The moon's perigee, 3 3° 39' 5 8". 03.
The moon's distance from the sun therefore was (355° 55' 35". 32 — 349° 22' 27". 92 —) 6° 33'
7". 4— .0182 of the orbit of 360°. This (1.0182) reduced by 0.0200,6 comes to 0.99814;
and consequently "a" for that moment is 9981 -41. The moon's mean anomaly " b" was (355°
55' 35" -32 — 33° 39' 58" -03 — ) 322° 15' 37". 29 = 895 • 17. And the sun's mean anomaly " c" was (349°
22' 27". 92— 257" 14' 22". 86=) 92° 8' 5". 06 = 255 -93. ' We therefore give 0 = 9981, £ = 895,
c =256. The figures for any other year can if necessary be calculated from the following Table,
which represents the motion. The increase in a, b, c, for the several lengths of the luni-solar year
and for i day, is given under their respective heads; the figures in brackets in the first column
representing the day of the week, and the first figures the number of days in the year.
Increase of a, b, c, in one year, and in one day.
Number of days
in the year.
a.
6.
without blja.
b.
with blja.
c.
354(4)
9875.703337
•47.2197487
847.220646
969.1758567
855(5)
2U.33.J207
888.5113299
883.5122:iO
971.9136416
883(5)
9696.029305
899.675604
899.676575
48.57161909
384(6)
34.661235
935.967185
935.968158
51.3094039
385(0)
373.293166
972.258766
972.259742
54.04789
1(1)
338.83193033
30.291581211
36.291583746
2.787784906
1
103. Table II., Part i., of this table will speak for itself (set also Art. 57 above). In the
second part is given, in the first five columns, the correspondence of a cycle of twelve lunar
months of a number of different eras with the twelve lunar months of the Saka year 1000, *
which itself corresponds exactly with Kali 4179, Chaitradi Vikrama 1135, and Gupta 738. Cols.
^ to 13 give a similar concurrence of months of the solar year Saka 1000. The concurrence
of parts of solar months and of parts of the European months with the luni-solar months is
given in cols. 6 and 7, and of the same parts with the solar months in cols. 14 and 15. Thus,
the luni-solar amanta month Ashadha of the Chaitradi Saka year 1000 corresponds with amanta
Ashadha of Kali 4179, of Chaitradi Vikrama 1135, and of the Gupta era 758; of the
Ashadhadi Vikrama year 1135, and of the Chedi or Kalachuri 828; of the Karttikadi Vikrama
year 1134, and of the Nevar year 198. Parts of the solar months Mithuna and Karka, and
parts of June and July of 1077 A.D. correspond with it; in some years parts of the other
1 Calculating by Prof. Jacobi's Tables, a, b, c, are 9980, 896 and 255, each of which is wrong by 1.
The above figures were submitted by me to Dr. Downing of the Nautical Almanack office, with a request that he would test
the results by scientific European methods. In reply he gave me the following quantities, for the sun from Leverrier's Tables, and
and for the moon from Hanson's Tables (for the epoch A.D. 300, March 8th, 6 am., for the meridian of Ujjain). Mean long of
sun 345° 51'47"'7, Do. of sun's perigee 253° 54' 58"'5, Do. of moon 353° 0' 36"-0, Do. of moon's perigee 36° 9' 48" 4 lie
also verified the statement that the sunrise on the morning of March 8th was that immediately following new moon. The difference
in result is partly caused by the fact that Leverrier's and Hansen's longitudes are tropical, and those of the Siirya-Siiid/ninta sidereal.
Comparing the two results we find a difference of 0° 35' 40"-9 in "a". 5° 24r 49"-69 in "«", 0° II1 15"-87 in "c". Thecl
of the results obtained from the use of (1) purely Hindu (2) purely European methods is remarkable. Our Tables being for Indian
documents and inscriptions we of course work by the former. [R. S.]
4 This year Saka 1000 is chosen for convenience of addition or substraction when calculating other years, and therefore we
have not taken into account the fact that S 1000 was really an intercalary year, having both an Adhika Jyeshtha and a Nija
Jyeshtha month. That peculiarity affects only that one year and not the concurrence of other months of previous or subsequent
years in other eras.
58 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
two Christian months noted in col. 7 will correspond with it. In the year Saka 1000, taken as
a Meshadi solar year, the month Sirhha corresponds with the Bengali Bhadrapada and the Tamil
Avani of the Meshadi Kali 4179, and Meshadi Vikrama 1 135 ; with Avani of the Sirhhadi Tinnevelly
year 253; with Chingam of the South Malayajam Sirhhadi Kollam andu 253, and of the North
Malayalam Kanyadi Kollam andu 252. Parts of the lunar months Sravana and Bhadrapada
correspond with it, as well as parts of July and August of the European year 1077 A.D ; in some
years parts of August and September will correspond with it.
All the years in this Table are current years, and all the lunar months are amanta.
It will be noticed that the Tu]u names of lunar months and the Tamil and Tinnevelly names
of solar months are corruptions of the original Sanskrit names of lunar months ; while the north
and south Malayalam names of solar months are corruptions of the original Sanskrit sign-names.
Corruptions differing from these are likely to be found in use in many parts of India. In the
Tamil Districts and the district of Tinnevelly the solar sign-names are also in use in some places.
104. Table II., Part iii. This portion of the Table, when read with the notes printed
below would seem to be simple and easy to be understood, but to make it still clearer we give
the following rules: — •
I. Rule for turning into a Chaitradi or Meshadi year (for example, into a luni-solar Saka, or
solar Saka, year) a year of another era, whether earlier or later, which is non-Chaitradi or non-
Meshadi.
(a) For an earlier era. When the given date falls between the first moment of Chaitra
or Mesha and the first moment of the month in which, as shewn by the heading, the year of
the given earlier era begins, subtract from the given year the first, otherwise the second, of the
double figures given under the heading of the earlier era along the line of the year o of the
required Chaitradi or Meshadi era (e.g., the Saka).
Examples. (l) To turn Vaisakha Sukla 1st of the Ashadhadi Vikrama year 1837, or
Sravana sukla 1st of the Karttikadi Vikrama year 1837 into corresponding Saka reckoning. The
year is (1837 — 134=) 1703 Saka. The day and month are the same in each case. (2) To
turn Magha sukla 1st of the Karttikadi Vikrama samvat 1838 into the corresponding Saka date.
The year {5(1838 — 135 =) 1703 Saka. The day and month are the same. (3) Given ist December,
1822 A.D. The year is (1822— 77 -) 1745 Saka current. (4) Given 2nd January, 1823 A.D.
The year is (1823 — 78=) 1745 Saka current.
(b) For a later era. When the given day falls between the first moment of Chaitra or
Mesha and the first moment of the month in which, as shewn by the heading, the later era begins,
add to the number of the given year the figure in the Table under the 'heading of the required
Chaitradi or Meshadi era along the line of the year o/i of the given later era. In the reverse
case add that number reduced by one.
Examples, (i) To turn the ist day of ' Mithuna 1061 of the South Malayalam Kollam
Andu into the corresponding Saka date. The year is (1061 -^ 748=) Saka 1809 current. The
day and month are the same. (2) To turn the ist day of Makara 1062 of the South Malayajam
Kollum Andu into the corresponding Saka date. The year is (1062 -(- 747 r=) 1 809 Saka current.
The day and month are the same.
II. Rule for turning a Chaitradi or Meshadi (e.g., a Saka) year into a non-Chaitradi or
non-Meshadi year of an earlier or later era.
(a) For an earlier era. When the given day falls between the first moment of Chaitra
or Mesha and the first moment of the month in which, as shown by the heading, the year of the
THE HINDU CALENDAR.
earlier era begins, add to the given Chaitradi or Meshadi year the first, otherwise the second,
of the double figures given under the heading of the earlier era along the line of the year o of
the Chaitradi or Meshadi era given.
l\xam[>lcs. (i) To turn Bhadrapada krishna 3Oth of the Saka year 1699 into the corres-
ponding Karttikadi Vikrama year. The year {3(1699 + 134=) 1^33 of thc K;"lr"ikadi Vikrama
era. The clay and month are the same. (2) To turn the same Bh.'ulrapada krishna 3Oth, Saka
1699, into the corresponding Ashadhidi Vikrama year. The year is (1699 ' 135— ) 1834 of the
Ashadhadi Vikrama era. The day and month are the same.
(b] For a later era. When the given day falls between the first moment of Chaitra or Mesha and
the first moment of the month in which, as shown by the heading, the later era begins, subtract from
the given year the number under the heading of the given Chaitradi or Meshadi era along the line
of the year O/i of the given later era; in the reverse case subtract that number reduced by one.
ILvamplcs. (i) To turn the 2Oth day of Sirhha Saka 1727 current into the corresponding
North Malayalam Kollam Andu date. The day and month are the same. The era is a Kanyadi
era, and therefore the required year is (1727 — 748—) 979 of the required era. (2) To turn
the 2Oth day of Siriiha Saka 1727 current into the corresponding South Malayalam (Tinnevelly)
Kollam Andu date. The day and month are the same. The era is Sirhhadi, and therefore the
required year is (1727 — 747^)980 of the required era.
III. Rule for turning a year of one Chaitradi or Meshadi era into one of another Chai-
tradi or Meshadi era. This is obviously so simple that no explanations or examples are required.
IV. Rule for turning a year of a non-Chaitradi or non-Meshadi era into one of another
year equally non-Chaitradi or non-Meshadi These are not required for our methods, but if any
reader is curious he can easily do it for himself.
This Table must be used for all our three methods of conversion of dates.
105. Table III. — The numbers given in columns $a and 10 are intended for use when cal-
culation is made approximately by means of our method "B" (Arts. 137, 138).
It will be observed that the number of days in lunar months given in col. 3« is alternately
30 and 29; but such is not always the case in actual fact. In all the twelve months it occurs
that the number of days is sometimes 29 and sometimes 30. Thus Bhadrapada has by our Table
29 days, whereas it will be seen from the panchang extract printed in Art. 30 above that in
A.D. 1894 (Saka 1816 expired) it had 30 days.
The numbers given in col. 10 also are only approximate, as will be seen by comparing
them with those given in cols. 6 to 9.
Thus all calculations made by use of cols. $0, and 10 will be sometimes wrong by a day.
This is unavoidable, since the condition of things changes every year, so that no single Table can
be positively accurate in this respect; but, other elements of the date being certain, calculations so
made will only be wrong by one day, and if the week-day is given in the document or inscription
concerned the date may be fixed with a fair pretence to accuracy. If entire accuracy is demanded,
our method " C " must be followed. (See Arts. 2 and 126.)
The details in cols. 3, and 6 to 9, are exactly accurate to the unit of a pala, or 24 seconds.
The figure in brackets, or week-day index (zv), is the remainder after casting out sevens from
the number of days; thus, casting out sevens from 30 the remainder is 2, and this is the (w)
for 30. To guard against mistakes it may be mentioned that the figure " 2 " does not of course
mean that the Mesha or Vrishabha sankranti always takes place on (2) Monday.
106. Tables IV. and V. These tables give the value of (w) (week-day) and (a) (b) and
60 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
(c) for any required number of civil days, hours, and minutes, according to the Sfirya Siddhanta. It will be
seen that the figures given in these Tables are calculated by the value for one day given in Art. 102.
Table IV. is Prof. Jacobi's Indian Antiquary (Vol. XVII.) Table 7, slightly modified to suit our
purposes ; the days being run on instead of being divided into months, and the figures being
given for the end of each period of 24 hours, instead of at its commencement. Table V. is
Prof. Jacobi's Table 8.
107. Tables VI. and VII. These are Prof. Jacobi's Tables 9 and 10 re-arranged. It
will be well that their meaning and use should be understood before the reader undertakes com-
putations according to our method "C". It will be observed that the centre column of each column-
triplet gives a figure constituting the equation for each figure of the argument from O to 1000,
the centre figure corresponding to either of the figures to right or left. These last are given
only in periods of 1O for convenience, an auxiliary Table being added to enable the proper equation
to be determined for all arguments. Table VI. gives the lunar equation of the centre, Table VII. the
solar equation of the centre. (Art. 15 note 3 above). The argument-figures are expressed in loooths
of the circle, while the equation-figures are expressed in i o,oooths to correspond with the figures
of our "a," to which they have to be added. Our (b] and (c) give the mean anomaly of the moon
and sun for any moment, (a) being the mean longitudinal distance of the moon from the sun.
To convert this last (a) into true longitudinal distance the equation of the centre for both moon
and sun must be discovered and applied to (a) and these Tables give the requisite quantities. The
case may perhaps be better understood if more simply explained. The moon and earth are
constantly in motion in their orbits, and for calculation of a tithi we have to ascertain their
relative positions with regard to the sun. Now supposing a railway train runs from one station
to another twenty miles off in an hour. The average rate of running will be twenty miles an
hour, but the actual speed will vary, being slower at starting and stopping than in the middle.
Thus at the end of the first quarter of an hour it will not be quite five miles from the start, but
some little distance short of this, say m yards. This distance is made up as full speed is acquired,
and after three-quarters of an hour the train will be rather more than 1 5 miles from the start,
since the speed will be slackened in approaching the station, — say n yards more than the 1 5 miles.
These distances of m yards and n yards, the one in defect and the other in excess, correspond
to the "Equation of the Centre" in planetary motion. The planetary motions are not uniform
and a planet is thus sometimes behind, sometimes in front of, its mean or average place. To
get the true longitude we must apply to the mean longitude the equation of the centre. And this last
for both sun (or earth) and moon is what we give in these two Tables. All the requisite data
for calculating the mean anomalies of the sun and moon, and the equations of the centre for
each planet, are given in the Indian Siddhantas and Karanas, the details being obtained from
actual observation ; and since our Tables generally are worked according to the Surya Siddhanta,
we have given in Tables VI. and VII. the equations of the centre by that authority.
Thus the Tables enable us to ascertain (a) the mean distance of moon from sun at any
moment, (b) the correction for the moon's true (or apparent) place with reference to the earth,
and (c) the correction for the earth's true (or apparent) place with reference to the sun ; and with these
corrections applied to the (a) we have the true (or apparent) distance of the moon from the sun, which
marks the occurrence of the true (or apparent) tithi ; and this result is our tithi-index, or (t). From
this tithi-index (t) the tithi current at any given moment is found from Table VIII., and the time
equivalent is found by Table X. Full explanation for actual work is given in Part IV. below
(Arts. 139—160).
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 61
The method for calculating a nakshatra or yoga is explained in Art. 133.
108. Since the planet's true motion is sometimes greater and sometimes less than its
mean motion it follows that the two equations of the centre found from (b] and (c) by our Tables
VI. and VII. have sometimes to be added to and sometimes subtracted from the mean longitu-
dinal distance (a), if it is required to find the true (or apparent) longitudinal distance (/). But to
simplify calculation it is advisable to eliminate this inconvenient element, and to prepare the
Tables so that the sum to be worked may always be one of addition. Now it is clear that this
can be done by increasing every figure of each equation by its largest amount, and decreasing
the figure (a) by the sum of the largest amount of both, and this is what has been done in the
Tables. According to the Surya Siddkanta the greatest possible lunar equation of the centre
is 5" 2' 47". 17 (= .0140,2 in our tithi-index computation), and the greatest possible solar equation
of the centre is 2" 10' 32".35 (=.0060,4). But the solar equation of the centre, or the equation
for the earth, must be introduced into the figure representing the distance of the moon from the
sun with reversed sign, because a positive correction to the earth's longitude implies a negative
correction to the distance of moon from sun. This will be clear from a diagram.
JS' i :
•x '-p
S* f"
Let S be the sun, M the moon, E the earth, P the direction of perigee. Then the angle
SEM represents the distance of moon from sun. But if we add a positive correction to (i.e.,
increase) the earth's longitude PSE and make it PSE1 (greater than PSE by ESE1) we thereby decrease
the angle SEM to SE'M1, and we decrease it by exactly the same amount, since the angle
SEM = / SE'M1 + / ESE1, as may be seen if we draw the line EX parallel to E'S; for
the angle SEX = / ESE1 by Euclid.
Every figure of each equation is thus increased in our Tables VI. and VII. by its greatest
value, i.e., that of the moon by 140,2 and that of the sun by 60,4, and every figure of (a) is
decreased by the sum of both, or (140,2 + 60,4 =) 200,6. 1
In conclusion, Table VI. yields the lunar equation of the centre calculated by the Surya
Siddkanta, turned into io,oooths of a circle, and increased by 140.2; and Table VII. yields the
solar equation of the centre calculated by the Surya Siddhanta, with sign reversed, converted into
io,oooths of a circle, and increased by 60.4. 3 This explains why for argument o the equation
given is lunar 140 and solar 60. If there were no such alteration made the lunar equation for
Arg. o would be + o, for Arg. 250 (or 90°) f 140, for Arg. 500 (180°) ± o, and for Arg. 750 (or 270°)
— 140, and so on.
109. The lunar and solar equations of the centre for every degree of anomaly are given
1 Prof. Jacob! gives this as 200.5, but after most careful calculation I find it to be 200.6. [S. B. D.]
• Prof. Jacob! has not explained these Tables.
C.j THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
in the Makaranda, and from these the figures given by us for every ~th of a circle, or 10
units of the argument of the Tables, are easily deduced.
no. The use of the auxiliary Table is fully explained on the Table itself.
in. Table VIII. This is designed for use with our method C, the rules for which are
given in Arts. 139 — 160. As regards the tithi-index, see Art. 80. The period of a nakshatra or
yoga is the 2;th part of a circle, that is 13° 20' or 1^-°= 370^. Thus, the index for the ending
point of the first nakshatra or yoga is 370 and so on.1 Tables VIII.A. and VIII. B. speak for
themselves. They have been inserted for convenience of reference.
112. Table IX. is used in both methods B and C. See the rules for work.
113. Table X. (See the rules for work by method C.} The mean values in solar time of
the several elements noted herein, as calculated by the Surya-Siddhanta, are as follow: —
A tithi = 1417.46822 minutes.
A lunation = 42524.046642 do.
A sidereal month = 39343.21 do.
A yoga-chakra =36605.116 do.
From these values the time-equivalents noted in this Table 8 have been calculated. (See
also note to Art. 82.)
114. Table XL This Table enables calculations to be made for observations at different
places in India. (See Art. 36, and the rides for working by our method C.)
115. Table XII. We here give the names and numbers of the samvatsaras. or years of
the sixty-year cycle of Jupiter, with those of the twelve-year cycle corresponding thereto. (See
the description of these cycles given above, Arts. 53 to 63.)
1 1 6. Table XIII. This Table was furnished by Dr. Burgess and is designed to enable
the week-day corresponding to any European date to be ascertained. It explains itself. Results
of calculations made by all our methods may be tested and verified by the use of this Table.
117. Tables XIV. and XV. are for use by our method A (see the rules], and were invented
and prepared by Mr. T. Lakshmiah Naidu of Madras.
Table XVI. is explained in Part V.
P A R T JV.
USE OF THE TABLES.
1 1 8. The Tables now published may be used for several purposes, of which some are
enumerated below.
(i) For finding the year and month of the Christian or any Indian era corresponding to
a given year and month in any of the eras under consideration.
1 This Table contains Prof. Jacobi's Table 11 (Ind. Ant., XVII., p. 147,1 and his Table 17, p. 181, in a modified form [S. B. D.]
2 The Table contains Prof. Jacobi's Table 11 (Ind. Ant., XVII., f. 172), as well as his Table 17 Part II. (id.p. 181) modified
and enlarged. T have also added the equivalents for tithi parts, and an eiplanafion. [S. B. B.]
TIII-: ni\in CALENDAR. ^
(2) For finding the samvatsara of the sixty-year cycle of Jupiter, whether in the southern
(luni-solar) or northern (mean-sign) scheme, and of the twelve year cycle of Jupiter, corresponding
to the beginning of a solar (Meshadi) year, or for any day of such a year.
(3) For finding the added or suppressed months, if any, in any year.
Hut the chief and most important use of them are;
(4) The conversion of any Indian date — luni-solar (tithi) or solar — into the corresponding/
date A.D. and vice versa, from A.D. 300 to 1900, and finding the week-day of any such date;
(5) Finding the karana, nakshatra. and yoga for any moment of any Indian or European!
date, and thereby verifying any given Indian date ;
(6) Turning a Hindu solar date into a luni-solar date, and vice versa.
(7) Conversion of a Muhammadan Hijra date into the corresponding date A.D., and vice
versa. This is fully explained in Part V. below.
119. (l) For the first purpose Table I., cols. I to 5, or Table II., must be used, with
the explanation given in Part III. above. For eras not noted in these two Tables see the description
of them given in Art. 71. In the case of obscure eras whose exact nature is not yet well
known, the results will only be approximate.
(N.B. — It will be observed that in Table II., Part ii., portions of two solar months or of four '
Christian months are made to correspond to a lunar month and vice versa, and therefore that
if this Table only be used the results may not be exact).
The following note, though not yielding very accurate results, will be found useful for
finding the corresponding parts of lunar and solar months. The tithi corresponding to the Mesha-
sankranti can be approximately - found by comparing its English date (Table I., col. 13) with
that of the luni-solar Chaitra sukla ist (Table I., col. 19); generally the sarikrantis from Vrishabha
to Tula fall in successive lunar months, either one or two tithis later than the given one. Tula
falls about 10 tithis later in the month than Mesha; and the sankrantis from Vrischika to Mina
generally fall on the same tithi as that of Tula. Thus, if the Mesha sankrai^ falls on sukla
panchami (5th) the Vrishabha sankranti will fall on sukla shasthi (6th) or saptami (7th), the
Mithuna sankranti on sukla ashtami (8th) or navami (gth). and so on.
1 20. (2) For the samvatsara of the southern sixty-year cycle see col. 6 of Table I., or
calculate it by the rule given in Art. 62. For that of the sixty-year cycle of Jupiter of the mean sign
system, according to Siirya Siddhanta calculations, current at the beginning of the solar year, i.e.,
at the true (or apparent) Mesha sankranti, see col. 7 of Table I.; and for that current on any day in
the year according to either the Surya or Arya Siddhantas, use the rules in Art. 59. To find
the samvatsara of the twelve-year cycle of the mean-sign system corresponding to that of the
Jupiter sixty-year cycle see Table XII.
121. (2) To find the added or suppressed month according to the Surya Siddhanta by
the true (apparent) system see col. 8 of Table I. throughout; and for an added month of the
mean system according to either the Original or Present Surra Siddhantas, or by the Arya
Siddhanta, see col. 8a of Table I. for any year from A. D. 300 to 1 100.
122. (4) For conversion of an Indian date into a date A.D. and vice versa, and to find
the week day of any given date, we give below three methods, with rules and examples
for work.
123. The first method A (Arts. 135, 136), the invention of Mr. T. Lakshmiah Naidu of
1 Of course only two in a single case, but four during the <'iitin- pi-riocl of 1600 years covered by our Tables. .
- The exact tithi can !«• calculated by Arts. 149 and 151.
64 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
Madras, is a method for obtaining approximate results without any calculation by the careful
use of mere eye-tables, viz., Tables XIV. and XV. These, with the proper use of Table I., are
alone necessary. But it must never be forgotten that this result may differ by one, or at the
utmost two, days from the true one, and that it is not safe to trust to them unless the era and
bases of calculation of the given date are clearly known. (See Art. 126 below.}
124. By our second method B (Arts. 137, 138), which follows the system established by
Mr. W. S. Krishnasvami Naidu of Madras, author of " South Indian Chronological Tables "
(Madras 1889), and which is intended to enable an approximation to be made by a very simple
calculation, a generally accurate correspondence of dates can be obtained by the use of Tables I.,
III., and IX. The calculation is so easy that it can be done in the head after a little practice.
It is liable to precisely the same inaccuracies as method A, neither more nor less.
125. Tables II. and III. will also be sometimes required for both these methods.
126. The result obtained by either of these methods will thus be correct to within one
or two days, and as often as not will be found to be quite correct; but there must always be
an element of uncertainty connected with their use. If, however, the era and original bases of
calculation of the given date are certainly known, the result arrived at from the use of these
eye-Tables may be corrected by the week-day if that has been stated; since the day of the month
and year' will not be wrong by more than a day, or two at the most, and the day of the
week will determine the corresponding civil day. Suppose, for instance, that the given
Hindu date is Wednesday, Vaisakha sukla 5th, and it is found by method A or method B
that the corresponding day according to European reckoning fell on a Thursday, it may be
assumed, presuming that all other calculations for the year and month have been correctly made,
that the civil date A.D. corresponding to the Wednesday is the real equivalentof Vaisakha sukla
5th. But these rough methods should never be trusted to in important cases. For a specimen
of a date where the bases of calculation are not known see example xxv., Art. 160 below.
127. \\jj|en Tables XIV. and XV. are once understood (and they are perfectly simple) it
will probably be found advisable to use method A in preference to method B.
1 28. As already stated, our method " C " enables the conversion of dates to be made with precise
accuracy; the exact moments of the beginning and ending of every tithi can be ascertained ; and
the corresponding date is obtained, simultaneously with the week-day, in the required reckoning.
129. The week-day for any European date can be found independently by Table XIII.,
which was supplied by Dr. Burgess.
'31 ' (5) To find the karana. nakshatra, or yoga current on any Indian or European
date; and to verify any Indian date.
Method C includes calculations for the karana, nakshatra and yoga current at any given
moment of any given day, as well as the instants of their beginnings and endings; but for this
purpose, if the given date is other than a tithi or a European date, it must be first turned into
one or the other according to our rules (Art. 139 to 152.)
132. It is impossible, of course, to verify any tithi or solar date unless the week-day, nakshatra,
karana, or yoga, or more than one of these, is also given ; but when this requirement is satisfied
our method C will afford proof as to the correctness of the date. To verify a solar date it must
first be turned into a tithi or European date. (Art. 134. or 149.)
133. For an explanation of the method of calculating tithis and half-tithis (karanas)
see Art. 107 above. Our method of calculation for nakshatras and yogas requires a little
1 Art. 130 has been omitted.
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 65
more explanation. The moon's nakshatra (Arts. 8, 38) is found from her apparent longi-
tude. By our method C we shew how to find / (— the difference of the apparent longitudes
of sun and moon), and equation ' c (=. the solar equation of the centre) for any given moment.
To obtain (/) the sun's apparent longitude is subtracted from that of the moon, so that if we add
the sun's apparent longitude to (t) we shall have the moon's apparent longitude. Our (c) (Table I.,
last column) is the sun's mean anomaly, being the mean sun's distance from his perigee. If we
add the longitude of the sun's perigee to (c), we have the sun's mean longitude, and if we apply
to this the solar equation of the centre (+ or — ) we have the sun's apparent longitude.2 According
to the Surya-Siddhanta the sun's perigee has only a very slight motion, amounting to 3' 5".8 in
1600 years. Its longitude for A.D. 1 100. the middle of the period covered by our Tables, was
257° !$' 5S"-7 or •7I46.3 of a circle, and therefore this may be taken as a constant for all the
years covered by our Tables.
Now, true or apparant sun = mean sun + equation of centre. But we have not tabulated
in Table VII., col. 2, the exact equation of the centre ; we have tabulated a quantity (say x)
the value of which is expressed thus ; —
x = 60,4 — equation of centre (see Art. 708).
So that equation of centre — 60,4 — x.
Hence, apparent sun = mean sun + 60,4 — x.
But mean sun = c -f perigee, (which is 7146,3 in tithi-indices.)
= c -f 7146,3-
Hence apparent sun (which we call s) = c-\- 7146,3 + 60,4 — x.
= c + 7206,7— x ; or, say, = c + 7207— x
where x is, as stated, the quantity tabulated in col. 2, Table VII.
(c) is expressed in loooths, while 7207 and the solar equation in Table VII. are given in
looooths of the circle, and therefore we must multiply (c) by 10. / + s = apparent moon = n (the
index of a nakshatra.) This explains the rule given below for work (Art. 156).
For a yoga, the addition of the apparent longitude of the sun (s) and moon (») is required.
s+ n=y (the index of a yoga.) And so the rule in Art. 159.
134. (6) To turn a solar date into its corresponding luni-solar date and vice versa.
First turn the given date into its European equivalent by either of our three methods and
then turn it into the required one. The problem can be worked direct by anyone who has
thoroughly grasped the principle of these methods.
Method A.
APPROXIMATE COMPUTATION OF DATES BY USE OF THE EYE-TABLE.
This is the method invented by Mr. T. Lakshmiah Naidu, nephew of the late W. S. Krishuasvumi Naidu of Madras, author
of "South Indian Chronological Tables."
Results found by this method may be inaccurate by as much as two days, but not more. If the era and bases of calculation
of the given Hindu date are clearly known, and if the given date mentions a week-day, the day found by the Tables may be altered
to suit it. Thus, if the Table yield result Jan. 10th, Thursday, but the inscription mentions the week-day as " Tuesday ", then Tuesday,
January 8th, may be assumed to be the correct date A.D. corresponding to the given Hindu date, if the principle on which the
Hindu date was fixed is known. If not, this method must not be trusted to.
135. (A.) Conversion of a Hindu solar date into the corresponding date A.D. Work by
the following rules, always bearing in mind that when using the Kaliyuga or Saka year Hindus
Equation c is the equation in Table VII.
Reference to the diagram in Art 108 will make all this plain, if PSE be taken as the sun's mean anomaly, and ESE' the
equation of the centre, PSE' + longitude of the sun's perigee being the ami's true or apparent longitude.
5
66 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
usually give the number of the expired year, and not that astronomically current, (e.g., Kaliyuga
4904 means in full phrase "after 4904 years of the Kaliyuga had elapsed") — but when using the
name of the cyclic year they give that of the one then current. All the years given in Table I.
are current years. The Table to work by is Table XIV.
Rule I. From Table I., cols, i to 7, and Table II., as the case may be, find the year
(current) and its initial date, and week-day (cols. 13, 14, Table I.). But if the given Hindu date
belongs to any of the months printed in italics at the head of Table XIV., take the next follow-
ing initial date and weekday in cols. 13, 14 of Table I. The months printed in the heading in
capitals are the initial months of the years according to the different reckonings.
Rule II. For either of the modes of reckoning given at the left of the head-columns of
months, find the given month, and under it the given date.
Rule III. From the given date so found, run the eye to the left and find the week-day
in the same line under the week-day number found by Rule I. This is the required week-day.
Rule IV. Note number in brackets in the same line on extreme left.
Rule V. In the columns to left of the body of the Table choose that headed by the
bracket-number so found, and run the eye down till the initial date found by Rule I. is obtained.
Rule VI. From the month and date in the upper columns (found by Rule II.) run the
eye down to the point of junction (vertical and horizontal lines) of this with the initial date found
by Rule V. This is the required date A. D.
Rule VII. If the date A. D. falls on or after ist January in columns to the right, it belongs
to the next following year. If such next following year is a leap-year (marked by an asterisk
in Table I.) and the date falls after February 28th in the above columns, reduce the date
by one day.
N.B. — The dates A.D. obtained from this Table for solar years are Old Style dates up
to 8th April, 1753, inclusive.
EXAMPLE. Find date A.D. corresponding to 20th Panguni of the Tamil year Rudhirodgari,
Kali 4904 expired.
By Rule I. Kali 4905 current, 2 (Monday), nth April, 1803.
,, „ II. Tamil Panguni 20.
III. (under " 2 ") Friday.
„ „ IV. Bracket-number (5).
„ „ V. [Under (5)]. Run down to April nth.
,. „ VI. (Point of junctions) March 3ist.
„ „ VII. March 3Oth. (1804 is a leap year.)
Answer.— Friday, March 30th, 1804 N.S. (See example 11, p. 74.)
(B.) Con-version of a date A.D. into the corresponding Hindu solar date. (See Rule V.,
method B, Art. 137, p. 70.) Use Table XIV.
Rule I. From Tables I., cols, i to 7 and 13, 14, and Table II., as the case may be, find
the Hindu year, and its initial date and week-day, opposite the given year A.D. If the given
date falls before such initial date, take the next previous Hindu year and its initial date and
week-day A.D.
Rule II. From the columns to the left of the body of Table XIV. find that initial date
found by Rule I. which is in a line, when carrying the eye horizontally to the right, with the
given A.D. date, and note point of junction.
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 67
Rule III. Note the bracket-figure at head of the column on left so selected.
Rule IV. From the point of junction (Rule II.) run the eye vertically up to the Hindu
date-columns above, and select that date which is in the same horizontal line as the
bracket-figure on the extreme left corresponding with that found by Rule III. This is the
required date.
Rule V. If the given date falls in the columns to the right after the 28th February in
a leap-year (marked with an asterisk in Table I.), add i to the resulting date.
Rule VI. From the date found by Rule IV. or V., as the case may be, carry the eye
horizontally to the week-day columns at the top on the left, and select the day which lies under
the week-day number found from Table I. (Rule I.). This is the required week-day.
Rule VII. If the Hindu date arrived at falls under any of the months printed in italics
in the Hindu month-columns at head of Table, the required year is the one next previous to that
given in Table I. (Rule I.).
EXAMPLE. Find the Tamil solar date corresponding to March 3Oth, 1804 (N.S.).
(By Rule I.) Rudhirodgari, Kali 4905 current. 2 (Monday) April I ith. (March 3Oth precedes
April i ith.)
(By Rules II., III.) The point of junction of March 3Oth (body of Table), and April i ith,
(columns on left) is under "(4)." Other entries of April nth do not correspond with any
entry of March 30).
(By Rule IV.) The date at the junction of the vertical column containing this " March 3Oth"
with "(4)" horizontal is igth Panguni.
(By Rule V.) (1804 is a leap-year) 2Oth Panguni.
(By Rule VI.) Under "2" (Rule I.), Friday.
Answer. — Friday, 2oih Panguni, of Rudhirodgari, Kali 4905 current. (See example 15, p. 76.
136. (A.) Conversion of a Hindu luni-solar date into the corresponding date A.D. Work
by the following rules, using Tables XV.A., and XV.B.
Rule I. From Table I. find the current year and its initial day and week-day in A.D.
reckoning, remembering that if the given Hindu date falls in one of the months printed in italics
at the head of Table XV. the calculation must be made for the next following A.D. year. (The
months printed in capitals are the initial months of the years according to the different reckonings
enumerated in the column to the left.)
Rule II. (a.) Find the given month, and under it the given date, in the columns at the
head of Table XV., in the same line with the appropriate mode of reckoning given in the column
to the left. The dates printed in black type are krishna, or dark fortnight, dates.
(!>.) In intercalary years (cols. 8 to 12, Sa to 120 of Table I.), if the given month is itself
an adhika masa (intercalary month), read it, for purpose of this Table, as if it were not so; but
if the given month is styled nija, or if it falls after a repeated month, but before an expunged
one (if any), work in this Table for the month next following the given one, as if that and not
the given month had been given. If the given month is preceded by both an intercalated and
a suppressed month, work as if the year were an ordinary one.
Rule III. From the date found by Rule II. carry the eye to the left, and find the week-
day in the same horizontal line, but directly under the initial week-day found by Rule I.
Rule IV. Note the number in brackets on the extreme left opposite the week-day last
found.
Rule V. In the columns to the left of the body of the Table choose that headed by the
68 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
bracket-number so found, and run the eye down till the initial date found by Rule I. is obtained.
Rule VI. From the Hindu date found by Rule II. run the eye down to the point of junction,
(vertical and horizontal lines) of this date with the date found by Rule V. The result is the
required date A.D.
Rule VII. (a.) If the date A.D. falls on or after January ist in the columns to the right, it
belongs to the next following year A.D.
(6.) If it is after February 28th in a leap-year (marked by an asterisk in col. 5, Table I.)
reduce the date by one day, except in a leap-year in which the initial date (found in Table I.)
itself falls after February 28th.
(c.) The dates obtained up to April 3rd, A.D. 1753, are Old Style dates.
EXAMPLE. To find the date A. D. corresponding to amanta Karttika krishna 2nd of Kali
4923 expired, Saka 1744 expired, Karttikadi Vikrama 1878 expired, Chaitradi Vikrama 1879 expired
(1880 current), "Vijaya" in the Brihaspati cycle," Chitrabhanu " in the luni-solar 6o-year cycle.
(By Rule I.) (Kali 4924 current), i Sunday, March 24th, 1822.
(By Rule II.) (Karttika, the 8th month, falls after the repeated month, 7 Asvina, and before
the suppressed month, 10 Pausha), Margasirsha krishna 2nd.
(By Rule III.) (Under " i "), i Sunday.
(By Rule IV.) Bracket-number (i).
(By Rule V.) Under (i) run down to March 24th (Rule I.)
(By Rule VI.) (Point of junction) December ist.
Answer. — Sunday, December ist, 1822.
(B.) Conversion of a date A. D. into the corresponding luni-solar Hindu date. (See Rule V.
method B, p. 67 below). Use Tables XV.A., XV.B.
Rule I. From Table I. find the Hindu year, and its initial date and week-day, using also
Table II., Parts ii., iii. If the given date falls before such initial date take the next previous
Hindu year, and its initial date and week-day.
Rule II. In the columns to the left of the body of Table XV. note the initial date found
by Rule I., which is in the same horizontal line with the given date in the body of the Table.
Rule III. Carrying the eye upwards, note the bracket-figure at the head of the initial
date-column so noted.
Rule IV. From the given date found in the body of the Table (Rule II.) run the eye
upwards to the Hindu date-columns above, and select the date which is in the same horizontal
line as the bracket-figure in the extreme left found by Rule III. This is the required Hindu date.
Rule V. Note in Table I. if the year is an intercalary one (cols. 8 to I2,and8«to \2a).
If it is so, note if the Hindu month found by Rule IV. (a) precedes the first intercalary month,
(6) follows one intercalated and one suppressed month, (c) follows an intercalated, but precedes a
suppressed month, (d) follows two intercalated months and one suppressed month. In cases (a]
and (b) work as though the year were a common year, i.e., make no alteration in the date found
by Rule IV. In cases (c] and (d) if the found month immediately follows the intercalated month,
the name of the required Hindu month is to be the name of the intercalated month with the
prefix "nija," and not the name of the month actually found; and if the found month does not
immediately follow the intercalated month, then the required Hindu month is the month immediately
preceding the found month. If the found month is itself intercalary, it retains its name, but with
the prefix "adhika." If the found month is itself suppressed, the required month is the month
immediately preceding the found month.
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 69
Rule VI. If the given date A.U. falls after Febmary 2gth in the columns to the right,
in n leap-year (marked with an asterisk in Table I.), add I to the resulting Hindu date.
Rule VII. From the date found by Rule IV. carry the eye horizontally to the week-day
columns on the left, and select the day which lies under the initial week-day number found by
Rule I. This is the required week-day.
Rule VIII. If the Hindu date arrived at falls under any of the months printed in italics
in the 1 lindu month-columns at head of the table, the required year is the one next previous to
that given by Table I. (Rule I. above.)
Kx'AMi'i.K. Find the Telugu luni-solar date corresponding to Sunday, December ist, 1822.
(By Rule I.) A. D. 1822 — 23, Sunday, March 24th, Kali 4923 expired, Saka 1 744 expired,
Chitrabhanu samvatsara in the luni-solar 6o-year or southern cycle reckoning, Vijaya in the
northern cycle.
(By Rules II., III.) (Bracket-figure) i.
(By Rule IV.) Margasirsha krishna 2nd.
(By Rule Vr.) (Asvina being intercalated and Pausha suppressed in that year), Karttika
krishna 2nd.
(By Rule VI.) The year was not a leap-year.
(By Rule VII.) Sunday.
(By Rule VIII.) Does not apply.
Answer.— Sunday, Karttika krishna 2nd, Kali 4923 expired, Saka 1744 expired. (This can
be applied to all Chaitradi years.) (See example 12 below, p. 75.)
Method B.
APPROXIMATE COMPUTATION OF DATES BY A SIMPLE PROCESS.
This is the system introduced by Mr. W. S. Krishnasvami Naidu of Madras into his "South-Indian Chronological Tables."
137. (A.) Conversion of Hindu dates into dates A.D. (See Art. 135 above, para, i.)
Rule I. Given a Hindu year, month and date. Convert it if necessary by cols, i to 5 of Table I.,
and by Table II., into a (Chaitradi Kali or Saka year, and the month into an arnanta month. (See
Art. 104.) Write down in a horizontal line (a?) the date-indicator given in brackets in col. 13
or 19 of Table I., following the names of the initial civil day and month of the year in question
as so converted, and (w) the week-day number (col. 14 or 20) corresponding to the initial date
A.D. given in cols. 13 or 19. To both (d) and (w) add, from Table III., the collective duration
of days from the beginning of the year as given in cols. 3<z or 10 as the case may be, up to
the end of the month preceding the given month, and also add the number of given Hindu
days in the given month minus i. If the given date is luni-solar and belongs to the krishna
paksha, add 15 to the collective duration and proceed as before.
Rule II. From the sum of the first addition find in Table IX. (top and side columns)
70 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
the required English date, remembering that when this is over 365 in a common year or 366
in a leap-year the date A.D. falls in the ensuing A.D. year.
Rule III. From the sum of the second addition cut out sevens. The remainder shews
the required day of the week.
Rule IV. If the Hindu date is in a luni-solar year where, according to cols. 8 to 12,
there was an added (adhika) or suppressed (kshaya) month, and falls after such month, the addition
or suppression or both must be allowed for in calculating the collective duration of days; i.e.,
add 30 days for an added month, and deduct 30 for a suppressed month.
Rule V. The results are Old Style dates up to, and New Style dates from, 1752 A.D.
The New style in England was introduced with effect from after 2nd September, 1752. Since
the initial dates of 1752, 1753 only are given, remember to apply the correction (+ 11 days)
to any date between 2nd September, 1752, and Qth April, 1753, in calculating by the Hindu
solar year, or between 2nd September, 1752, and 4th April, 1753, in calculating by the Hindu luni-
solar year, so as to bring out the result in New Style dates A.D. The day of the week requires
no alteration.
Rule VI. If the date A.D. found as above falls after February 2gth in a leap-year, it
must be reduced by one day.
(a) Luni-Solar Dates.
EXAMPLE i. Required the A.D. equivalent of (luni-solar) Vaisakha sukla shashthi (6th),
year Sarvari, Saka 1702 expired, (1703 current).
The A.D. year is 1780 (a leap-year). The initial date (d) — $th April (96), and (w) = 4
Wednesday, (Table I., cols. 5, 19, 20).
d. w.
State this accordingly 96 4
Collective duration (Table III., col. 30) 30 30
Given date (6)— i 5 5
131
i (Rule VI.)
130 39-^-7 = Rem. 4
The result gives 130 (Table IX.) = May loth, and 4 = Wednesday. The required date is
therefore Wednesday, May loth, A.D. 1780.
EXAMPLE 2. Required the A.D. equivalent of (luni-solar) Karttika sukla pancham! (5th)
Saka 1698 expired (1699 current).
The A.D. year is 1776, and the initial date is(d?) = 2Oth March (80), (w) — Wednesday (4).
This is a leap-year, and the Table shews us that the month (6) Bhadrapada was intercalated. So
there is both an adhika Bhadrapada and a nija Bhadrapada in this year, which compels us to
treat the given month Karttika as if it were the succeeding month Margasirsha in order to get
at the proper figure for the collective duration.
THE HINDU CALENDAR.
d. w.
The given figures are ... 80 4
Collective duration (Table III.) J
t »»• '« u ! 236
for Margasirsha . . . .\
Given date (5) — I .... 4
320
— i (Rule VI.)
319 244 -t- 7 — Rem. 6.
3 19 = (Table IX.) November I5th. 6 — Friday
Answer. — Friday, November i$th, A.D. 1776.
EXAMPLE 3. Required the A.D. equivalent of Karttika krishna panchami (5th) of the
same luni-solar year.
d. w.
As before 80 4
Collective duration (Table III., col. 33.) 236 236
Given date (5 + 15) — i 19 19
335
-i (Rule VI.)
334 259-5-7, Rem. o.
334 — (Table IX.) November 3Oth. o = Saturday.
Answer. — Saturday, November 3Oth, A.D. 1776.
EXAMPLE 4. Required the A.D. equivalent of Magha krishna padyami (ist) of K.Y. 4923
expired (4924 current). This corresponds (Table I., col. 5) to A.D. 1822, the Chitrabhanu sam-
vatsara, and col. 8 shews us that the month Asvina was intercalated (adhika), and the month
1'ausha suppressed (kshaya). We have therefore to add 30 days for the adhika month and
subtract 30 days for the kshaya month, since Magha comes after Pausha. Hence the relative
place of the month Magha remains unaltered,
Table I. gives 24th March (83), (i) Sunday, as the initial day.
d. w.
Initial date 83 i
Collective duration (Table III., col. 33) . 295 295
Given date (i + 15) — i 15 (Rule I.) 15
393 311 ^7, Rem. 3.
3 = Tuesday. 393 —January 28th of the following A.D. year (Table IX.).
Answer. — Tuesday, January 28th, A.D. 1823.
This is correct by the Tables, but as there happened to be an expunged tithi in Magha
sukla, the first fortnight of Magha, the result is wrong by one day. The corresponding day was
really Monday, January 27th, and to this we should have been guided if the given date had
included the mention of Monday as the week-day. That is, we should have fixed Monday, January
27th, as the required day A.D. because our result gave Tuesday, January 28th, and we knew that
the date given fell on a Monday,
72 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
EXAMPLE 5. Required the A.D. equivalent of Pausha sukla trayodasi (i3th) K.Y. 4853
expired, Angiras samvatsara in luni-solar or southern reckoning. This is K. Y. 4854 current.
The year (Table I., col. 5) is A.D. 1752, a leap-year. The initial date (cols. 19, 20) is Jth
March (65), (5) Thursday. The month Ashadha was intercalated. Therefore the given month
(Pausha) must be treated, for collective duration, as if it were the succeeding month Magha.
d. w.
Initial date 65 5
Collective duration (Table III., col. 3a) 295 295
Given date (13)—! 12 12
372
— I (Rule VI)
371 312-^7, Rem. 4.
We must add eleven days to the amount 371 to make it a New Style date, because it
falls after September 2nd, 1752, and before 4th April, 1753, (after which all dates will be in New
Style by the Tables). 371 + 11 = 382 = January i?th (Table IX.). 4- Wednesday.
Answer. — Wednesday, January I7th, A.D. 1753.
EXAMPLE 6. Required the A.D. equivalent of Vikrama samvatsara 1879 Ashadha krishna
dvitSya (2nd). If this is a southern Vikrama year, as used in Gujarat, Western India, and countries
south of the Narmada, the year is Karttikadi and amanta, i.e., the sequence of fortnights makes
the month begin with sukla 1st. The first process is to convert the date by Table II., Part iii.,
col. 3, Table II., Part ii., and Table I., into a Chaitradi year and month. Thus— Ashadha isthe
ninth month of the year and corresponds to Ashadha of the following Chaitradi Kali year, so that
the given month Ashadha of Vikrama 1879 corresponds to Ashadha of Kali 4924. Work as before,
using Table I. for Kali 4924. Initial date, 24th March (83), (i) Sunday.
d. w.
Initial date 83 i
Collective duration (Table III., col. $a) 89 89
Given date (2 + 15) — I 16 16
1 88 106-5-7 Rem. i
1 88 (Table IX.) = July 7th. i = Sunday.
Answer. — Sunday, July 7th, A.D. 1822. l
If the year given be a northern Vikrama year, as used in Malwa, Benares, Ujjain, and
countries north of the Narmada, the Vikrama year is Chaitradi and corresponds to the Kali 4923,
except that, being purnimanta, the sequence of fortnights differs (see Table II., Part i.). In such a
case Ashadha krishna of the Vikrama year corresponds to Jyeshtha krishna in amanta months,
and we must work for Kali 4923 Jyeshtha krishna 2nd. By Table I. the initial date is April 3rd
(93)> (3) Tuesday. The A.D. year is 1821—22.
This i» actually wrong by one day, owing to the approximate collective duration of days (Table III., 3a) being taken as 89.
It might equally well be taken as 88. If it is desired to convert tithis into days (p. 75, note 2) a 64th part should be subtracted.
The collective duration of the last day of Jyeshtha in tithis is 90. 90-^-64 = 1.40. 90—1.40 = 88.60. If taken as 88 the answer
would be Saturday, July 6th, which is actually correct. This serves to shew how errors may arise in days when calculation is only
made approximately.
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 7.1
d. u>.
93 3
Collective duration (Table III., col. 30) 59 59
Given date (2 + 15)—! 16 16
168 78-5-7, Rem. i.
1 68= June I7th. i = Sunday.
Answer. — Sunday, June I7th, A.D. 1821.
(b) Solar Dates.
EXAMPLE 7. Required the date A.D. corresponding to the Tamil (solar) 1 8th Purattasi of
Rudhirodgarin — K.Y. 4904 expired, or 4905 current.
Table I., cols. I3and 1 4, give (d) — April nth (101), («>) = (2) Monday, and the year A.D. 1803.
d. w.
Initial date 101 2
Collective duration (Table III., col. 10) 156 156
Given date (18)— i 17 17
274 l75-r7, Rem. o.
274 (Table IX.) gives October ist. o — Saturday.
Answer. — Saturday, October ist, A.D. 1803.
EXAMPLE 8. Required the equivalent A.D. of the Tinnevelly Andu 1024, 2Oth Avani.
The reckoning is the same as the Tamil as regards months, but the year begins with
Avani. Andu 1024 = K.Y. 4950. It is a solar year beginning (see Table I.) nth April (102),
(3) Tuesday, A.D. 1848 (a leap-year).
d. w.
Initial date 102 3
Tables II., Part ii., cols. 10 & 7, and III., col. 10. 125 125
Given date (20) — I 19 19
246
— i (Rule VI.)
245 147 -s- 7, Rem. o.
o = Saturday ; 245 = (Table IX.) September 2nd.
Answer. — Saturday, September 2nd, A.D. 1848.
EXAMPLE 9. Required the equivalent date A.D. of the South Malayalam Andu 1024,
2Oth Chingam. The corresponding Tamil month and date (Table II., Part ii., cols. 9 and 1 1) is
2Oth Avani K.Y. 4950, and the answer is the same as in the last example.
EXAMPLE 10. Required the equivalent date A.D. of the North Malayalam (Kollam) Andu
1023, 2Oth Chingam. This (Chingam) is the I2th month of the Kollam Andu year which begins
with Kanni. It corresponds with the Tamil 2Oth Avani K.Y. 4950 (Table II., Part ii., cols. 9,
12, and Table II., Part iii.), and the answer is similar to that in the two previous examples.
[The difference in the years will of course be noted. The same Tamil date corresponds
74 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
to South Malayalam Andu 1024, 2Oth Chiiigam, and to the same day of the month in the North
Malayalam (Kollam) Andu 1023, the reason being that in the former reckoning the year begins
with Chiiigam, and in the latter with Kanni.]
EXAMPLE n. Required the A.D. equivalent of the Tamil date, 2Oth Pariguni of Rudhirod-
garin, K.Y. 4905 current (or 4904 expired.)
Table I. gives (d) i ith April (101), 1803 A.D. as the initial date of the solar year, and
its week-day (w) is (2) Monday.
d. w.
Initial date 101 2
Collective duration (Table III., col. 10) 335 335
Given date, (20) — i 19 19
455
— i (Rule VI.)
454 356-*-7. Rem- 6-
6 — Friday; 454 (Table IX.) = March 3Oth in the following A.D. year, 1804.
Answer. — Friday, March 3Oth, 1804. (See example i, above.)
138. (B.) Conversion of dates A.D. into Hindu dates. (See Art. 135 above, par. i.)
Rule I. Given a year, month, and date A.D. Write down in a horizontal line (d) the date-
indicator of the initial date [in brackets (Table I., cols. 13 or 19, as the case maybe).] of the corresponding
Hindu year required, and (w) the week-day number of that initial date (col. 14 or 20), remembering that,
if the given date A.D. is earlier than such initial date, the (d) and (w) of the previous Hindu year
must be taken. Subtract the date-indicator from the date number of the given A.D. date in
Table IX., remembering that, if the previous Hindu year has been taken down, the number to
be taken from Table IX. is that on the right-hand side of the Table and not that on the left.
From the result subtract (Table III., col. 3^ or 10) the collective-duration-figure which is nearest to,
but lower than, that amount, and add I to the total so obtained ; and to the (w) add the figure
resulting from the second process under (d), and divide by 7. The result gives the required week-
day. The resulting (d) gives the day of the Hindu month following that whose collective duration
was subtracted.
Rule II. Observe (Table I., cols. 8 or 8a) if there has been an addition or suppression
of a month prior to the month found by Rule I. and proceed accordingly.
An easy rule for dealing with the added and suppressed month is the following. When
the intercalated month (Table L, col. 8 or 8a) precedes the month immediately preceding the one
found, such immediately preceding month is the required month; when the intercalated month
immediately precedes the one found, such immediately preceding month with the prefix "nija,"
natural, is the required month ; when the intercalated month is the same as that found, such month
with the prefix " adhika " is the required month. When a suppressed month precedes the month
found, the required month is the same as that found, because there is never a suppression of a
month without the intercalation of a previous month, which nullifies the suppression so far as
regards the collective duration of preceding days. But if the given month falls after two intercal-
ations and one suppression, act as above for one intercalation only.
Rule III. See Art. 137 (A) Rule V. (p. 70), but subtract the eleven days instead of adding.
Rule IV. If the given A.D. date falls in a leap-year after 29th February, or if its date-number
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 75
(right-hand side of Table IX.) is more than 365, and the year next preceding it was a leap-year, add
I to the date-number of the given European date found by Table IX., before subtracting the
figure of the date-indicator
Rule V. Where the required date is a Hindu luni-solar date the second total, if less than
15, indicates a sukla date. If more than 15, deduct 15, and the remainder will be a krishna
date. Krishna 15 is generally termed krishna 30; and often sukla 15 is called "purnima" (full-
moon day), and krishna 15 (or "30") is called amavasya (new-moon day).
(a) Luni-Solar Dates.
EXAMPLE 12. Required the Telugu or Tuju equivalent of December ist, 1822. The
luni-solar year began 24th March (83) on (i) Sunday (Table I., cols. 19 and 20.)
d. w.
(d) and (w) of initial date (Table I.) 83 i
(Table IX.) ist December (335) (335—83=1)252 252
(Table III.) Collective duration to end of Karttika — 236
Add i to remainder 16+ i = 17 253 -*- 7, Rem. i.
17 indicates a krishna date. Deduct 15. Remainder 2. The right-hand remainder shews
(i) Sunday.
The result so far is Sunday Margasirsha krishna 2nd. But see Table I., col. 8. Previous
to this month Asvina was intercalated. (The suppression of Pausha need not be considered
because that month comes after Margasirsha.) Therefore the required month is not Margasirsha,
but Karttika; and the answer is Sunday Karttika krishna 2nd (Telugu), or Jarde (Tuju), of the
year Chitrabhanu, K.Y. 4923 expired, Saka 1744 expired. (See the example on p. 69.)
(Note.) As in example 6 above, this date is actually wrong by one day, because it hap-
pened that in Karttika sukla there was a tithi, the i2th, suppressed, and consequently the real
day corresponding to the civil day was Sunday Karttika krishna 3rd. These differences cannot
possibly be avoided in methods A and B, nor by any method unless the duration of every tithi
of every year be separately calculated. (See example xvii., p. 92.)
EXAMPLE 13. Required the Chaitradi Northern Vikrama date corresponding to April gth
1822. By Table I. A.D. 1822 — 23 = Chaitradi Vikrama 1880 current. The reckoning is luni-solar.
Initial day (d) March 24th (83), (w) I Sunday
d. w.
From Table 1 83 I
(Table IX.) April 9th (99) 99—83 = 16 16
Add i
17
For sukla dates —15
2 1/^-7, Rem. 3.
This is Tuesday, amanta Chaitra krishna 2nd.1 But it should be converted into Vaisakha
krishna 2nd, because of the custom of beginning the month with the full-moon (Table II., Part i.).
1 The actual date was Tuesday, amanta Chaitra krishua 3rd, the difference being caused by a tithi having been expunged in
the sukla fortnight of the same month (see note to examples 6 and 12 above).
76 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
Since the Chaitradi Vikrama year begins with Chaitra, the required Vikrama year is 1880 current,
1879 expired. But if the required date were in the Southern reckoning, the year would be 1878
expired, since 1879 in that reckoning does not begin till Karttika.
(<*) Solar Dates.
EXAMPLE 14. i. Required the Tamil equivalent of May 3Oth, 1803 A.D.
Table I. gives the initial date April nth (101), and week-day number 2 Monday.
d. w.
From Table I 101 2
(Table IX.) May 3Oth (150) 150 — 101=49 49
(Table III.) Collective duration to end of Sittirai (Mesha) . —31
18
Add i +i
19 51 -T- 7, Rem. 2.
The day is the igth; the month is Vaiyasi, the month following Sittirai; the week-day
is (2) Monday.
Answer. — Monday, igth Vaiyasi of the year Rudhirodgarin, K.Y. 4904 expired, Saka
1725 expired.
EXAMPLE 15. Required the Tamil equivalent of March 3oth, 1804. The given date pre-
cedes the initial date in 1804 A.D. (Table I., col. 13) April loth, so the preceding Hindu
year must be taken. Its initial day is nth April (101), and the initial week-day is (2) Monday.
1804 was a leap-year.
d. w.
From Table 1 101 2
(Table IX.) (March 3oth) 454+ i for leap-year, 455 — 101 =354 '354
(Table III., col. 10) Collective duration to end ofy
Masi = Kumbha (Table II., Part ii.) . . . \
19
Add i + i
20 356 -^ 7, Rem. 6.
Answer. — Friday 2Oth Paiiguni of the year Rudhirodgarin K.Y. 4904 expired, Saka 1725
expired. (See the example on p. 67.)
EXAMPLE 16. Required the North Malayalam Andu equivalent of September 2nd, 1848.
Work as by the Chaitradi year. The year is solar. 1848 is a leap-year.
d. w.
From Table 1 102 3
(Table IX.) September 2nd (245) + i for leap
year 246 — 102= 144 144
Coll. duration to end of Karka — 125
!9
Add i +1
20 147 ~ 7, Rem. o
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 77
Answer.— Saturday 2Oth Chingam. This is the I2th month of the North Malayalam Andu
which begins with Kanni. The year therefore is 1023.
If the date required had been in South Malayalam reckoning, the date would be the
same, 2Oth Chingam, but as the South Malayalis begin the year with Chingam as the first month,
the required South Malayalam year would be Andu 1024.
Method C.
EXACT CALCULATION OF DATES.
(A.) Conversion of Hindu luni-solar dates into dates A.D.
139. To calculate the week-day, the equivalent date A.D., and tke moment of beginning or
ending of a tit hi. Given a Hindu year, month, and tithi. — Turn the given year into a Chaitradi
Kali, Saka, or Vikrama year, and the given month into an amanta month (if they are not already so)
and find the corresponding year A.D., by the aid of columns i to 5 J of Table I., and Table II.,
Parts i., ii., iii. Referring to Table I., carry the eye along the line of the Chaitradi year so found,
and write down * in a horizontal line the following five quantities corresponding to the day of
commencement (Chaitra sukla pratipada) of that Chaitradi-year, viz., (d) the date-indicator given in
brackets after the day and month A.U. (Table I., col. 19), (w) the week-day number (col. 20), and (a), (b),
(c) (cols. 23, 24, 25). Find the number of tithis which have intervened between the initial day
of the year (Chaitra sukla pratipada), and the given tithi, by adding together the number of tithis
(collective duration) up to the end of the month previous to the given one (col. 3, Table III.), and
the number of elapsed tithis of the given month (that is the serial number of the given tithi reduced
by one), taking into account the extra 15 days of the sukla paksha if the tithi belongs to the krishna
paksha, and also the intervening intercalary month,3 if any, given in col. 8 (or Sa) of Table I. f
This would give thlT result in tithis. Hut days, not tithis, are required. To reduce the tithis to
days, reduce the sum of the tithis by its 6oth part,4 taking fractions larger than a half as one,
and neglecting half or less. The result is the (d), the approximate number of days which have inter-
vened since the initial day of the Hindu year. Write this number under head (d), and write under
their respective heads, the (w), (a), (b), (c) for that number of days from Table IV. Add together the
two lines of five quantities, but in the case of (w) divide the result by 7 and write only the remainder,
in the case of (a) write only the remainder under i oooo, and in the case of (b) and (c) only the
remainder under iooo.5 Find separately the equations to arguments (£) and (c) in Tables VI. and VII.
respectively, and add them to the total under (a). The sum (t) is the tithi-index, which, by
cols. 2 and 3 of Table VIII., will indicate the tithi current at mean sunrise on the week-day
found under (w). If the number of the tithi so indicated is not the same as that of the given
one, but is greater or less by one (or by two in rare cases), subtract one (or two) from, or add
1 The initial days in cols. 13 and 19, Table I., belong to the first of the double years A.D. given in col. B.
1 It will be well for ;i beginner to take an example at once, aud work it ont according to the rule. After a little practice
the calculations can be made rapidly.
1 When the intercalary month is Chaitra, count that also. See Art. 99 above.
•* This number is tiikeu for easy calculation. Properly speaking, to convert tithis into Jays the Clth part should be subtracted.
The difference does not introduce any material error.
8 Generally with regard to (w), (a), (b), (c) in working addition sums, take only the remainder respectively over 7, 10000, 1000 and
1000; and in subtracting, if the sum to be subtracted be greater, add respectively 7, 10000, 1000 and 1000 to the figure above.
;8 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
one (or two) to, both (d) and (w)\l subtract from, or add to, the (a) (b) (c) already found, their
value for one (or two) days (Table IV.) ; add to (a) the equations for (b) and (c) (Tables VI. and VII.)
and the sum (/) will then indicate the tithi. If this is the same as given (if not, proceed again
as before till it corresponds), the (w) is its week-day, and the date shewn in the top line and
side columns of Table IX. corresponding with the ascertained (d) is its equivalent date A.D. The
year A.D. is found on the line of the given Chaitradi year in col. 5, Table I. Double figures
are given in that column ; if (d) is not greater than 365 in a common year, or 366 in a leap-year,
the first, otherwise the second, of the double figures shows the proper A.D. year.
140. For all practical purposes and for some ordinary religious purposes a tithi is con-
nected with that week-day at whose sunrise it is current. For some religious purposes, however,
and sometimes even for practical purposes also, a tithi which is current at any particular moment
of a week-day is connected with that week-day. (See Art. 31 above.)
141. In the case of an expunged tithi, the day on which it begins and ends is its week-
day and equivalent. In the case of a repeated tithi, both the civil days at whose sunrise it
is current,2 are its week-days and equivalents.
142. A clue for finding when a tithi is probably repeated or expunged. When the tithi-
index corresponding to a sunrise is greater or less, within 40, than the ending index of a tithi,
and when the equation for (b) (Table VI.) is decreasing, a repetition of the same or another
tithi takes place shortly after or before that sunrise; and when the equation for (b) is increasing
an expunction of a tithi (different from the one in question) takes place shortly before or after it.
143. The identification of the date A.D. with the week-day arrived at by the above
method, may be verified by Table XIII. The verification, however, is not in itself proof of the
correctness of our results.
144. To find the moment of the ending of a tithi. Find the difference between the (V)
on the given day at sunrise and the (t) of the tithi-index which shews the ending point of that
tithi (Table VIII.). With this difference as argument find the corresponding time either in
ghatikas and palas, or hours and minutes, according to choice, from Table X. The given tithi
ends after the given sunrise by the interval of time so found. But this interval is not always
absolutely accurate. (See Art. 82). If accuracy is desired add the (a)(b)(c) for this interval of time
(Table V.) to the (a) (b) (c) already obtained for sunrise. Add as before to (a) the equations of
(b) and (c) from Tables VI. and VII., and find the difference between the (f) thus arrived at and the
(/) of the ending point of the tithi (Table VIII.). The time corresponding to that difference, found from
Table X., will show the ending of the tithi before or after the first found time. If still greater accur-
acy is desired, proceed until (/) amounts exactly to the (/) of the ending- point (Table VIII.) For
ordinary purposes, however, the first found time, or at least that arrived at after one more process, is
sufficiently accurate.
145. The moment of the beginning of a tithi is the same as the moment of ending of
the tithi next preceding it; and this can be found either by calculating backwards from the (t)
of the same tithi, or independently from the (t) of the preceding tithi.
146. The moment of beginning or ending of tithis thus found is in mean time, and is
applicable to all places on the meridian of Ujjain, which is the same as that of Lanka. If the
1 Thus far the process will give the correct result if there be no probability by the rule given below of the expunction
(kshaya) or repetition (vriddhi) of a tithi shortly preceding or following; and the (d) and (in) arrived at at this stage will indicate
by use of Table IX. the A.D. equivalent, and the week-day of the given tithi.
- For the definitions of expunged and repeated tithis see Art 32 above.
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 79
exact mean time for other places is required, apply the correction given in Table XI. .according
to the rule given under that Table. If after this correction the ending time of a tithi is found
to fall on the previous or following day the (d) and (w) should be altered accordingly.
Mean time is used throughout the parts of the Tables used for these rules, and it may
sometimes differ from the true, used, at least in theory, in Hindu panchangs or almanacks.
The ending time of a tithi arrived at by these Tables may also somewhat differ from the
ending time as arrived at from authorities other than the Sitrya Siddhanta which is used by us.
The results, however, arrived at by the present Tables, may be safely relied on for all ordinary
purposes.1
147. N.B. i. Up to uoo A.D. both mean and true intercalary months are given in
Table I. (see Art. 47 above). When it is not certain whether the given year is an expired or
current year, whether it is a Chaitradi year or one of another kind, whether the given month
is amanta or purnimanta, and whether the intercalary month, if any, was taken true or mean,
the only course is to try all possible years and months.
N.B. ii. The results are all Old Style dates up to, and New Style dates from, 1753 A.D The
New Style was introduced with effect from after 2nd September, 1752. Since only the initial
dates of 1752 and 1753 are given, remember to apply the correction (+ 11 days) to any
date between 2nd September, 1752, and gth April, 1753, in calculating by the Hindu solar year,
and between 2nd September, 1752, and 4th April, 1753, in calculating by the Hindu luni-solar year,
so as to bring out the result in New Style dates A.D. The day of the week requires no alteration.
N.B. Hi. If the date A.D. found above falls after February 28th in a leap-year, it must
be reduced by i.
N.B. iv. The Hindus generally use expired (gata) years, while current years are given
throughout the Tables. For example, for Saka year 1702 "expired" 1703 current is given.
148. EXAMPLE I. Required the week-day and the A.D. year, month, and day correspond-
ing to Jyeshtha sukla pancham! (5th), year Sarvari, Saka year 1702 expired (1703 current), and
the ending and beginning time of that tithi.
The given year is Chaitradi (see N.B. ii., Table II., Partiii.). It does not matter whether the
month is amanta or purnimanta, because the fortnight belongs to Jyeshtha by both systems (see
Table II., Part i.). Looking to Table I. along the given current Saka year 1703, we find that
its initial day falls in A.D. 1780 (see note i to Art. 139), a leap-year, on the 5th April, Wednesday;
and that d (col. 19), w (col. 20), a (col. 23), b (col. 24) and c (col. 25) are 96,4, 1,657 and 267
respectively. We write them in a horizontal line (see the working of the example below). From
Table I., col. 8, we find that there is no added month in the year. The number therefore of tithis
between Chaitra s. i and Jyeshtha s. 5 was 64, viz., 60 up to the end of Vaisakha (see Table III.,
col. 3), the month preceding the given one, and 4 in Jyeshtha. The sixtieth part of 64 (neglecting
the fraction ^ because it is not more than half) is i . Reduce 64 by one and we have 63 as the approx-
imate number of days between Chaitra s. i and Jyeshtha s. 5. We write this number under
(d). Turning to Table IV. with the argument 63 we find under (w) (a) (b) (c) the numbers o, 1334,
286, 172, respectively, and we write them under their respective heads, and add together the two
quantities under each head. With the argument (b) (943) we turn to Table VI. for the equation.
We do not find exactly the number 943 given, but we have 940 and 950 and must see the
difference between the corresponding equation-figures and fix the appropriate figure for 943.
The auxiliary table given will fix this, but in practice it can be easily calculated in the head. (The
1 See Arts. 36 and 37 in which all the points noted in this article are fully treated of.
8o THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
full numbers are not given so as to avoid cumbrousness in the tables.) Thus the equation for (b)
(943) is found to be 90, and from Table VII. the" equation for (c) is found to be 38. Adding 90 and
38 to (a) (1335) we get '1463, which is the required tithi-index (/). Turning with this to Table VIII.,
col. 3, we find by col. 2 that the tithi current was sukla 5, i.e., the given date. Then (w) 4,
Wednesday, was its week-day; and the tithi was current at mean sunrise on the meridian of Ujjain
on that week-day. Turning with (d) 159 to Table IX., we find that the equivalent date A.D.
was 8th June; but as this was after 28th February in a leap-year, we fix 7th June, A.D. 1780,
(see N.B. iii., Art. 147) as the equivalent of the given tithi. As (t) is not within 40 of 1667, the
(/) of the 5th tithi (Table VIII.), there is no probability of an expunction or repetition shortly
preceding or following (Art. 142). The answer therefore is Wednesday, June 7th, A.D. 1780.
To find the ending time of the tithi. (t) at sunrise is 1463 ; and Table VIII., col. 3, shews
that the tithi will end when (/) amounts to 1 667. (1667—1463=) 204 = (Table X.) 14 hours,
27 minutes, and this process shews us that the tithi will end 14 hours, 27 minutes, after sunrise
on Wednesday, June 7th. This time is, however, approximate. To find the time more accurately
we add the increase in (a) (V) (c) for 14 h. 27 m. (Table V.) to the already calculated (a) (b) (c)
at sunrise; and adding to (a) as before the equations of (b) and (c) (Tables VI. and VII.) we find
that the resulting (t) amounts to 1686. 1686 — 1667 = 19 = 1 hour and 2 1 minutes (Table X.). But
this is a period beyond the end of the tithi, and the amount must be deducted from the 14 h.
27 m. first found to get the true end. The true end then is 13 h. 6m. after sunrise on June 7th. This
time is accurate for ordinary purposes, but for still further accuracy we proceed again as before.
We may either add the increase in (a) (6) (c) for 13 h. 6 m. to the value of (a) (b) (c) at sunrise,
or subtract the increase of (a) (b) (c) for i h. 21 m. from their value at 14 h. 27 m. By either
process we obtain (f) = 1665. Proceed again. 1667 — 1665 = 2 = (Table X.) 9 minutes after 13 h. 6m.
or 13 h. 15 m. Work through again for 13 h. 15 m. and we obtain (/):=i668. Proceed again.
1668 — 1667 = i = (Table X.) 4 minutes before 13 h. 15 m. or 13 h. 11 m. Work for 13 h. u m.,
and we at last have 1667, the known ending point. It is thus proved that 13 h. n m. after sunrise
is the absolutely accurate mean ending time of the tithi in question by the Surya-Siddhanta.
To find the beginning time of the given tithi. We may find this independently by cal-
culating as before the (t) at sunrise for the preceding tithi, (in this case sukla 4th) and thence finding
its ending time. But in the example given we calculate it from the (t) of the given tithi. The
tithi begins when (i) amounts to 1333 (Table VIII.). or (1463 — 1333) 130 before sunrise on June
7th. 130 is (Table X.) 9 h. 13 m. Proceed as before, but deduct the (a) (/;) (r) instead of adding,
and (see working below) we eventually find that (/) amounts exactly to 1333 and therefore the
tithi begins at 8 h. 26m. before sunrise on June 7th, that is 15 h. 3401- after sunrise on Tuesday
the 6th. The beginning and ending times are by Ujjain or Lanka mean time. If we want the time, .
for instance, for Benares the difference in longitude in time, 29 minutes, should be added to the
above result (See Table XI.). This, however, does not affect the day.
It is often very necessary to know the moments of beginning and ending of a tithi.
Thus our result brings out Wednesday, June 7th, but since the 5th tithi began 1 5 h. 34 m. after
sunrise on Tuesday, i.e., about 9 h. 34 m. p.m., it might well happen that an inscription might
record a ceremony that took place at 10 p.m., and therefore fix the day as Tuesday the 5th
tithi, which, unless the facts were known, would appear incorrect.
From Table XII. we find that 7th June, A.D. 1780, was a Wednesday, and this helps to
fix that day as current.
We now give the working of EXAMPLE I.
THE HINDU CALENDAR.
WORKING OF EXAMPLE I.
I
(a) The day corresponding to Jyeshtha sukla jt/i. d. w. a. b. f.
Saka 1703 current, Chaitra sukla 1st, (Table I., cols. 19, 20, 23,
24, 25) 96 4 i 657 267
Approximate number of days from Chaitra sukla ist to Jyeshtha suk. 5th,
(64 tithis reduced by a 6oth part, neglecting fractions, = 63j with
its (w) (a) (b) (c) (Table IV.) 63 o 1334 286 172
IS9 4 1335 943 439
Equation for (b) (943) (Table VI.) 90
Do. (c) (439) (Table VII.) 38
1463='-
(/) gives sukla $th (Table VIII., cols. 2, 3) (the same as the given tithi).
(d) — i, (N. />'. Hi., Art. 147), or the number of days elapsed from
January ist, = 158
158— June 7th (Table IX.). A.D. 1780 is the corresponding year, and 4 (w) Wednesday is
the week-day of the given tithi.
Answer. — Wednesday, June 7th, 1780 A.D.
(/>) The ending of the tithi Jyeshtha suk. 5. (Table VIII.) 1667 — 1463 — 204 = (14 h. 10 m.
+ o h. I7m.)=: 14 h. 27m. (Table X.). Therefore the tithi ends ati4h. 27m. after mean sunrise
on Wednesday. For more accurate time we proceed as follows:
a. l>. c.
At sunrise on Wednesday (see above) 1335 943 439
For 14 hours (Table V.) 198 21 2
For 27 minutes, (Do.) 6 i o
'539 965 44i
Equation for (b) (965) (Table VI.) 109
Do. (c) (441) (Do. VII.) 38
1 686 = A
1686 — 1667 (Table VIII.) = 19 — i h. 21 m.; and i h. 21 m. deducted from 14 h. 2701. gives
1 3 h. 6 m. after sunrise on Wednesday as the moment when the tithi ended. This is sufficient
for all practical purposes. For absolute accuracy we proceed again.
a. b. c.
For sunrise (as before] . 1335 943 439
For 13 hours (Table V.) 183 20 i
For 6 minutes (Do.) i o o
1519 963 440
Equation for (b) (963) (Table VI.) 108
Do. (c) (440) (Do. VII.) 38
1665 =/.
Sj THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
1667 — 1665 = 2—9111. after 13 h. 6m. = i3h. i^h. a. b. c.
Again for sunrise (as before) 1335 943 439
For 13 hours (Table V.) 183 20 i
For 15 minutes (Do.) 4 ° °
1522 963 440
Equation for (b) (963) 108
Do. (c) (440) 38
1 668 = t.
!668 — 1667 =i =4 m. before 13 h. 15 m. = 13 h. iim.
Again for sunrise (as before) 1335 943 439
For 13 hours (Table V.) 183 20 i
For 1 1 minutes (Do.) 3 o o
1521 963 440
Equation for (£) (963) 108
Do. (c) (440) 38
Actual end of the tithi 1667 = f.
Thus 1 3 h. 1 1 m. after sunrise is the absolutely accurate ending time of the tithi.
(c) The beginning of the tithi, Jyeshtha suk. 5. Now for the beginning. 1463 (the original t. as
found)— 1333 (beginning ofthe tithi, (Table VIII.) = 130= (Table X.) (7 h. 5 m. + 2h.8m.) = 9h. 13 m. ;
and we have this as the point of time before sunrise on Wednesday when the tithi begins.
a. b. c.
For sunrise (as before] 1335 943 439
a. b. c.
For 9 h. (Table V.) ...... 127 14 i
For 13 m. (Do.) 3 o o
Deduct 130 14 i ... 130 14 i
1205 929 438
Equation for b. (929) 79
Do. c. (438) 37
1321 = t.
(The beginning of the tithi) 1333 — 1321 = 12 — Table X.) 51 m. after the above time
(9 h 1 3m.), and this gives 8 h. 22m. before sunrise. We proceed again.
a. b. c.
For 9 h. 13 m. before sunrise (found above) .... 1205 929 438
Plus for 51 minutes (Table V.) 12 i o
1217 930 438
Equation for b. (930) 80
Do. c. (438) ... 37
THE HINDU CALENDAR. »3
1334 — 1333 = 1 — 4 m. before the above time (viz., 8 h. 22m.) i.e., 8h. 26m. before sun-
rise. Proceed again.
For 8 h. 22
Deduct for 4
Equation for
Do.
m.
m.
*.
c.
before sunrise (found above) .
(Table V ) .
a.
. . 1217
i
b.
930
0
C.
438
o
(cfto)
1216
. . 80
930
438
(<n8>
17
1333='-
The result is precisely the same as the beginning point of the tithi (Table VIII.), and
we know that the tithi actually began 8 hours 26 minutes before sunrise on Wednesday, or at
15 h. 34 m. after sunrise on Tuesday, 6th June.
EXAMPLE n. Required the week-day and equivalent A.D. of Jyeshtha suk. dasami (loth) of
the southern Vikrama year 1836 expired, 1837 current. The given year is not Chaitradi. Referring
to Table II., Parts ii., and iii., we find, by comparing the non-Chaitradi Vikrama year with the
Saka, that the corresponding Saka year is 1 703 current, that is the same as in the first example.
We know that the months are amanta.
d. w. a. b. c.
State the figures for the initial day (Table I., cols. 19, 20, 23, 24, 25) 96 4 I 657 267
The number of intervened tithis down to end of Vaisakha, 60,
(Table III.) + the number of the given date minus 1,1369; reduced
by a 6oth part = 68, and by Table IV. we have 68 5 3027 468 186
164 2 3028 125 453
Equation for (/;) 125 (Table VI.) '. 239
Do. (c) 453 (Table VII.) 42
3309 = t.
(d~) (164)— i (N. B. Hi., Art. 147) =163.
The result, 3309, fixes the day as sukla loth (Table VIII., cols. 2, 3), the same as given.
Answer.— (By Table IX.) 163 - June I2th, 2 — Monday. The year is A.D. 1780 (Table II.,
Part ii.). The tithi will end at (3333 — 3309 = 24, or by Table X.) i h. 42m. after sunrise, since
3309 represents the state of that tithi at sunrise, and it then had 24 lunation-parts to run. Note
that this (t) (3309) is less by 24 than 3333, the ending point of the loth tithi; that 24 is less
than 40 ; and that the equation for (&) is increasing. This shows that an expunction of a tithi
will shortly occur (Art.
EXAMPLE III. Required the week-day and equivalent A.D. of Jyeshtha sukla ekadasi (i ith)
of the same Saka year as in example 2, i.e., S. 1703 current.
S4 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
d. w. a. b. c.
See (Table I.) example 2 96 4 i 657 267
Intervened days (to end of Vaisakha 59, + 1 1 given days— 1) = 6^.
By Table IV 69 6 3366 504 189
165 3 3367 161 456
Equation for (/>) (161) (Table VI.) 258
Do. (c) (456) (Table VII.) _43
3668 - 1.
This figure (/=3668) by Table VIII., cols. 2, 3, indicates sukla I2th.
d—i (N.B. Hi., Art. 147) = 164 and Table IX. gives this as June 13*. The (w) is 3 = Tuesday.
The year (Table II, Part iii.) is 1780 A.D.
The figure of (t), 3668, shows that the I2th tithi and not the required tithi (nth) was
current at sunrise on Tuesday ; but we1 found in example 2 that the loth tithi was current at
sunrise on Monday, June I2th, and we therefore learn that the nth tithi was expunged. It
commenced I h. 42 min. after sunrise on Monday and ended 4 minutes before sunrise on Tues-
day, 1 3th June.1 The corresponding day answering to sukla loth is therefore Monday, June
1 2th, and that answering to sukla 12 is Tuesday the 13* June.
EXAMPLE IV. Required the week-day and equivalent A.D. of the purnimanta Ashadha
krishna dvitiya (2) of the Northern Vikrama year 1837 expired, 1838 current. The northern
Vikrama is a Chaitradi year, and so the year is the same as in the previous example, viz., A.D.
1780-1 (Table II., Part iii.). The corresponding amanta month is Jyeshtha (Table II., Part i.).
Work therefore for Jyeshtha krishna 2nd in A.D. 1780^1 (Table I.).
d. iv. a. b. c.
See example I (Table I.) 96 4 i 657 267
60 (coll. dur. to end Vais.) + 1 5 (for krishna fortnight) + i (given
date minus 1)^76 tithis = 75 days (as before); Table IV. gives . 75 5 5397 722 205
i?1 2 5398 379 472
Equation for (b) (379) 237
Do. (c) (472) SO
5685 = t.
(d)—\ (N.B. Hi., Art. 147) = 170 = (Table IX.) 1 9th June. (2) = Monday. The year is 1780 A.D.
So far we have Monday, igth June, A.D. 1780. But the figure 5685 for (/) shows that kri. 3rd and
not the 2nd was current at sunrise on Monday the igthjune. It commenced (5685 — 5667= 18=)
i h. 17 m. before sunrise on Monday. (/) being greater, but within 40, than the ending point of kri. 2nd,
and the equation for (b) decreasing, it appears that a repetition of a tithi will shortly follow (but
not precede). And thus we know that Sunday the i8th June is the equivalent of kri. 2nd.
EXAMPLE v. Required the week-day and equivalent A.D. of the amanta Jyeshtha kri. 3rd
of the Saka year 1703 current, the same as in the last 4 examples.
l This is shown by (/) — 3B6S at sunrise, the end being indicated by 3667. Difference 1 lunation-unit, or 4 minutes.
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 85
d. w. a. b. i.
(See example i) 96 4 i 657 267
60 (coll. dur. to end Vais.) ' 15 f 2 = 77 tithis — 76 days. (Table IV.) 76 6 5736 758 208
172 3 5737 415 475
Equation for (b) (415) 211
Do. (c) (475) 51
5999
This indicates krishna 3rd, the same tithi as given, (d) — i =171= 2Oth June, 1780 A.D.
From these last two examples we learn that. krishna 3rd stands at sunrise on Tuesday 2oth
as well as Monday igth. It is therefore a repeated or vriddhi tithi, and both days Kjth and 2Oth
correspond to it. It ends on Tuesday (6000 — 5999 = I =) 4 minutes after sunrise.
KxAMi'LE vi. Required the week-day and A.D. equivalent of Karttika .sukla 5th of the
Northern Vikrama year 1833 expired (1834 current). (See example 2, page 70.)
The given year is Chaitradi. It matters not whether the month is amanta or purnimanta
because the given tithi is in the sukla fortnight. The initial day of the given year falls on
(Table I., col. 19) 2Oth March (80), (col. 20) 4 Wednesday; and looking in Table I. along the line
of the given year, we find in col. 8 that the month Bhadrapada was intercalated or added (adhika)
in it. So the number of months which intervened between the beginning of the year and the
given tithi was 8, one more than in ordinary year.
d. w. a. b. c.
(Table I., cols. 19, 20, 23, 24, 25) 80 4 9841 54 223
(Coll. dur.) 240 + 4=244 = 240 days (Table IV.,) 240 2 1272 710 657
320 6 1113 764 880
Equation for (b) (764) O
Do. (c) (880) 102
1215 =t.
This indicates, not kri. 5 as given, but kri. 4 (Table VIII.)
Adding I to (d) and (w) (see Rule above, Art. 139) 321 o
a— i (.V./.\ /'//., Art. 147) 320=: (Table IX.) Nov. i6th, A.D. 1776. o = Saturday.
(/) being not within 40 of the ending point of the tithi there is no probability of a repeti-
tion or expunction shortly preceding or following, and therefore Saturday the i6th November,
1776 A.D., is the equivalent of the given tithi.
KxAMru: vii. Required the week-day and A.D. equivalent of amanta jVIagha krishna ist
of Kali 4923 expired, 4924 current. (See example 4, page 71.)
The given year is Chaitradi. Looking in Table I. along the line of the given year, we
see that its initial day falls on 24th March (83), 1822 A.D., I Sunday, and that (col. 8) the month
(7) Asvina was intercalated and (10) Pausha expunged. So that, in counting, the number of in-
tervened months is the same, viz., 10, as in an ordinary year, Magha coming after Pausha.
86 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
d. w. a. b. c.
(Table I., cols. 19, 20, 23, 24, 23) . 83 i 212 899 229
(Coll. dur.) 300+15 (sukla paksha) + (i — i=) 0 = 315 tithis = 3io
days. By (Table IV.) 3'o 2 4976 250 849
393 3 5188 149 78
Equation for (b) (149) (Table VI.) 252
Do. (c) (78) (Table VII.) 32
5472= t.
The figure 5472 indicates (Table VIII.) kri. 2nd, i.e., not the same as given (ist), but the
tithi following. We therefore subtract I from (d) and (w) (Art. 139) making them 392 and 2.
Since (/) is not within 40 of the ending point of the tithi, there is no probability of a
kshaya or vriddhi shortly following or preceding, (w) 2 = Monday. 392 = (Table IX.) 27th
January. And therefore 27th January, A.D. 1823, Monday, is the equivalent of the given tithi.
EXAMPLE Vlil. Required the week-day and the A.D. equivalent of sukla T3th oftheTulu
month Puntelu, Kali year 4853 expired, 4854 current, " Angiras samvatsara" in the luni-solar
or southern 6o-year cycle. (See example 5, page 72.)
_The initial day (Table I.) is Old Style 5th March (65), A.D. 1752, a leap-year, (5) Thursday;
and Ashadha was intercalated. The Tulu month Puntelu corresponds to the Sanskrit Pausha
(Table II., Part ii.), ordinarily the loth, but now the nth, month on account of the intercalated
Ashadha.
d. w. a. b. c.
(Table I., cols. 19, 20, 23, 24, 25) 65 5 39 777 213
(Coll. dur.) 300+12 (given tithi minus 1)^312 tithis = 3O7 days
(Table IV.) 307 6 3960 142 840
372 4 3999 919 53
Equation for (b) (919) 71
Do. (c) (53) . 4o
41 10 = /.
The result, 4110, indicates sukla i3th, i.e., the same tithi as that given.
(d)—i (N.B. Hi., Art. itf) =371 := (by Table IX.) January 6th, A.D. 1753.
We must add 1 1 days to this to make it a New Style date, because it falls after Septem-
ber 2nd, 1752, and before 4th April, 1753, the week-day remaining unaltered (see N.B. ii.,
Art. 14.7], and I7th January, 1753 A.D., is therefore the equivalent of the given date.
(B.) Conversion of Hindu solar dates into dates A.D.
•
149. To calculate the iveek-day and the equivalent date A.D. Turn the given year into a
Meshadi Kali, Saka, or Vikrama year, and the name of the given month into a sign-name, if they
are not already given as such, and find the corresponding year A.D. by the aid of columns I to 5,
Table I., and Table II., Parts ii., and iii. Looking in Table I. along the line of the Meshadi year so
obtained, write down in a horizontal line the following three quantities corresponding to the
THE HINDU CALENDAR. »7
commencement of that (Meshadi) year, viz., (d) the date-indicator given in brackets after the day
and month A.D. in col. 13, (w) the week-day number (col. /<f), and the time — either in ghatikas ami
palas, or in hours and minutes as desired — of the Mesha sankranti according to the Arya-Siildlinnla
(cols. 15, or 17). For a Bengali date falling between A.D. 1100 and 1900, take the time
by the Surya-Siddhanta from cols. 150 or I /a. When the result is wanted for a place
not on the meridian of Ujjain, apply to the Mesha sankranti time the correction given in
Table XI. Under these items write from Table III., cols. 6, 7, 8, or 9 as the case may be, the
collective duration of time from the beginning of the year up to the end of the month preceding
the given one — -days under (d), week-day under (w), and hours and minutes or ghatikas and palas
under h.m., or gk.p. respectively. Add together the three quantities. If the sum of hours
exceeds 24, or if the sum of ghatikas exceeds 60, write down the remainder only, and add one
each to (w) and (d). If the sum of (w) exceeds 7, cast out sevens from it. The result is the
time of the astronomical beginning of the current (given) month. Determine its civil beginning
by the rules given in Art. 28 above.
When the month begins civilly on the same day as, on the day following, or on the third day after,
the sankranti day, subtract i from, or add o, or I, to both (d) and (w), and then to each of them
add the number of the given day, casting out sevens from it in the case of (w). (w) is then the
required week-day, and (d) will show, by Table IX., the A.D. 'equivalent of the given day.
N.B. i. When it is not certain whether the given year is Meshadi or of another kind,
or what rule for the civil beginning of the month applies, all possible ways must be tried.
N.B. ii. See N.B. «'., in., iv., Art. 147, under the rules for the conversion of luni-solar dates.
EXAMPLE IX. Required the week-day and the date A.D. corresponding to (Tamil) i8th
Purattasi of Rudhirodgarin, Kali year 4904 expired, (4905 current). (See example 7, p. 73.)
The given year, taken as a solar year, is Meshadi. The month Purattadi, or Purattasi,
corresponds to Kanya (Table II., Part ii.), and the year is a Tamil (Southern) one, to which
the Arya Siddkanta is applicable (see Art. 21). Looking in Table I. along the line of the given
year, we find that it commenced on nth April (col. 13), A.D. 1803, and we write as follows : —
d. w. It. m.
(Table I., cols. 13, 14, 17) 101 2 10 7
(Table III., col. 7) collective duration up to the end of Sirhha . . . . 156 2 10 28
257 4 20 35
This shows that the Kanya sankranti took place on a (4) Wednesday, at
20 h. 35 m. after sunrise, or 2.35 a.m. on the European Thursday. (Always
remember that the Hindu week-day begins at sunrise.) The month Kanya,
therefore, begins civilly on Thursday. J (Rule 2(0), Art. 28.) We add, therefore o
to (d) and (tv) ' o o
Add 1 8, the serial number of the given day, to (d) and, casting out sevens
from the same figure, 18, add 4 to (w) 18 4
275 i
Then (w)—l, i.e., Sunday, and 275= (Table IX.) 2nd October.
Answer. — Sunday, 2nd October, 1803 A.D.
KXAMl'LE X. Required the week-day and A.D. date corresponding to the 2Oth day of
the Bengali (solar) month Phalguna of Saka 1776 expired, 1777 current, at Calcutta.
1 It would have so begun if the saiikranti occurred at 1 p.m. on the Wednesday, or at any lime after sunset (6 p.m.)
88 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
The year is Meshadi and from Bengal, to which the Surya SiddMnta applies (see Art. 21).
The Bengali month Phalguna corresponds to Kumbha (Table II., Part ii.). The year com-
menced on nth April, 1854, A.D. (Table I.).
d. w. h. m.
(Table I., cols. 13,14, i;«) 101 3 17 13
Difference of longitude for Calcutta (Table XI.) +50
Collective duration up to the end of Makara (Table III., col. 9.) 305 422
406 o 20 5
This result represents the moment of the astronomical beginning of
Kumbha, which is after midnight on Saturday, for 20 h. 5 m. after sun-
rise is 2.5 a.m. on the European Sunday morning. The month, therefore,
begins civilly on Monday (Art. 28, Rule i above).
Add, therefore, I to (d) and (w) i i
Add 20 (given day) to (d), and, casting out sevens from 20,
add 6 to (w) 20 6
o = Saturday, 427= 3rd March (Table IX.) . . . 427 o
Answer. — Saturday, 3rd March, A.D. 1855.
EXAMPLE XL Required the week-day and A.D. date corresponding to the Tinnevelly Andu
1024, 2Oth day of Avani. (See example 8, p. 73.)
The year is South Indian. It is not Meshadi, but Sirhhadi. Its corresponding Saka year
is 1771 current; and the sign-name of the month corresponding to Avani is Sirhha (Table I.,
and Table II., Parts ii., and iii.) The Saka year 1771 commenced on nth April (102), A.D.
1848 (a leap-year), on (3) Tuesday. Work by the Arya-Siddhanta (Art. 21).
d. w. h. m.
(Table I., cols. 13, 14, 17) 102 3 i 30
Collective duration up to the end of Karka 125 6 9 38
227 2 n
The month begins civilly on the same day by one of the South
Indian systems (Art. 28, Rule 2, a); therefore subtract i from both
(d) and (w) i i
226 i
Add 20, the serial number of the given day, to (d) and (less
sevens) to (w) 20 6
246 o
Deduct i for 2gth February (N.B. ii., Art. 149 and N.B.iiL, Art. 147) i
245
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 89
o — Saturday. 245 = (Table IX.) Sept. 2nd.
Answer. — Saturday, September 2nd, 1848 A.D.
EXAMPI.K xn. Required the week-day and A.D. date corresponding to the South
Malayalam Andu 1024, igth Chingam. (The calculations in Example xi. shew that the South-
Malayalam month Chingam began civilly one day later (Art. 28, Rule 2b). Therefore the Tamil
2Oth Avani was the igth South-Malayajam.)
Referring to Table II., Part ii., we see that the date is the same as in the last example.
EXAMPLE xin. Required the week-day and A.D. date corresponding to the North Mala-
yalam Andu 1023, 2Oth Chingam. •
Referring to Table II., Part ii., we see that the date is the same as in the last two examples.
(C.) Conversion into dates A.D. of titliis iuhic/i arc coupled with solar months.
150. Many inscriptions have been discovered containing dates, in expressing which a
tithi has been coupled, not with a lunar, but with a solar month. We therefore find it necessary
to give rules for the conversion of such dates.
Parts of two lunar months corresponding to each solar month are noted in Table II., Part ii.,
col. 14. Determine by Art. 119, or in doubtful cases by direct calculation made under Arts. 149
and 151, to which of these two months the given tithi of the given fortnight belongs, and then
proceed according to the rules given in Art. 139.
It sometimes happens that the same solar month contains the given tithi of both the lunar
months noted in Table II., Part ii., col. 14, one occurring at the beginning of it and the other at
the end. Thus, suppose that in a certain year the solar month Mesha commenced on the luni-
solar tithi Chaitra sukla ashtami (8th) and ended on Vaisakha sukla dasami (loth). In this case
the tithi sukla navami (gth) of both the lunar months Chaitra and Vaisakha fell in the same
solar month Mesha. In such a case the exact corresponding lunar month cannot be determined
unless the vara (week-day), nakshatra, or yoga is given, as well as the tithi. If it is given, examine
the date for both months, and after ascertaining when the given details agree with the given
tithi, determine the date accordingly.
EXAMPLE XIV. Required the A.D. year, month, and day corresponding to a date given as
follows; — "Saka 1187. on the day of the nakshatra Rohini, which fell on Saturday the
thirteenth tithi of the second fortnight in the month of, Mithuna." '
It is not stated whether the Saka year is expired or current. We will therefore try it
first as expired. The current year therefore is 1188. Turning to Table I. we find that its initial
day, Chaitra sukla ist, falls on 2Oth March (79), Friday (6), A.D. 1265. From Table II., Part ii.,
col. 14, we find that parts of the lunar months Jyeshtha and Ashadha correspond to the solar
month Mithuna. The Mesha saiikranti in that year falls on (Table I., col. 13) 2 5 th March, Wednesday,
that is on or about Chaitra sukla shashthi (6th), and therefore the Mithuna sankranti falls on
(about) Jyeshtha sukla dasami (loth) and the Karka sankranti on (about) Ashadha sukla dvadasS
(i2th) (see Art. 119). Thus we see that the thirteenth tithi of the second fortnight falling in
the solar month of Mithuna of the given date must belong to amanta Jyeshtha.
1 This date is from an actual inscription >n Southern India. (See Ind. Ant., XXII., /). 219).
oo THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
d. w. a. b.
S. 1 1 88, Chaitra s. ist (Table I., cols. 19, 20, 23, 24, 25) ... 79 6 287 879
Approximate number of days from Ch. s. ist to Jyesh. kri. 1 3th (87
tithis reduced by 6oth part = 86) with its (w) (a) (b) (c) (Table IV.) 86 2 9122 121 235
165 i 9409 o 500
Equation for (b) (o) (Table VI.) 140
Do. (c) ($00) TableVII.) 60
9609 — /.
The resulting number 9609 fixes the tithi as krishna I4th (Table VIII.,
cols. 2, 3), i.e.,
is no probabilit
the tithi immediately following the given tithi. There
of a kshaya or vriddhi shortly before or after this
(Art 14.2). Deduct, therefore, i from (d) and (w) i i
164 o
164 = (Table IX.) I3th June; o = Saturday.
Answer. — ijth June, ra65 A.D., Saturday, (as required). *
(D.) Conversion of dates A.D. z into Hindu luni-solar dates.
151. Given a year, month, and date A.D., write down in a horizontal line (w) the week-
day number, and (a), \b), (c) (Table I., cols. 20, 23, 24. 25) of the initial day (Chaitra s. i) of the
Hindu Chaitradi (Saka^ year corresponding to the given year; remembering that if the given
date A.D. is earlier thai} such initial day, the (w) (a) (b} (c) of the previous Hindu year3 must be
taken. Subtract the date-indicator of the initial date (in brackets, Table L, col. 19) from the date
number of the given date (Table IX.), remembering that, if the initial day of the previous Hindu
year has been taken, the number to be taken from Table IX. is that on the right-hand side, and
not that on the left (see also N.B. ii. below]. The remainder is the number of days which have
intervened between the beginning of the Hindu year and the required date. Write down, under
their respective heads, the (w) (a) (b) (c) of the number of intervening days from Table IV.,
and add them together as before ( see rules for conversion of luni-solar dates into dates A.D.). Add
to (a) the equation for (b) and (c) (Tables VI., VII.) and the sum (/) will indicate the tithi (Table VIII.)
at sunrise of the given day ; (w) is its week-day. To the number of intervening days add its
sixtieth 4 part. See the number of tithis next lower than this total 5 (Table III., col. 3) and the
lunar month along the same line (col. 2). Then this month is the month preceding the required
month, and the following month is the required month.
When there is an added month in the year, as shown along the line in col. 8 or Sa of
Table I., if it comes prior to the resulting month, the month next preceding the resulting month
It is found by actual calculation under Art. 156 that tlie given uaVshatra falls on the same date, and therefore we know
that the above result is correct.
2 This problem is easier than its converse, the number of intervening days here being certain.
3 If the Rule I(«) in Art. 104 (Table II., Part iii.) be applied, this latter part of the rule necessarily follows.
4 A 59th part, or more properly 63rd, should be added, but by adding a 60th, which is more convenient, there will be no
difference in the ultimate result. Neglect the fraction half or less, and take more than half as equivalent to one.
5 This total is the approximate number of tithis which have intervened. When it is the same as, or very near to, the number of
tithis forming the collective duration up to the end of a month (as given in col. 3, Table III.), there will be some doubt about the re-
quired month ; but this difficulty will be easily solved by comparing together the resulting tithi and the number of tithis which have intervened.
THE HINDU CALENDAR. '»
is the required month ; if the added month is the same as the resulting month, the date belongs
to that added month itself; and if the resulting month comes earlier than the added month,
the result is not affected.
When there is a suppressed month in the year, if it is the same as, or prior to, the resulting
month, the month next following the resulting month is the required month. If it is subsequent
to the resulting month the result is not affected. If the resulting month falls after both an
added and suppressed month the result is unaffected.
From the date in a Chaitradi year thus found, any other Hindu year corresponding to
it can be found, if required, by reference to Table II., Parts ii., and iii.
The tithi thus found is the tithi corresponding to the given date A.D.; but sometimes a
tithi which is current at any moment of an A.D. date may be said to be its corresponding tithi.
N.B. i. See N.B. ii., Art. 147; but for "+ 11 " read "— it".
N.B. ii. If the given A.D. date falls in a leap-year after 2gth February, or if its date-number
is more than 365 (taken from the right-hand side of Table IX.) and the year next preceding it
was a leap-year, add I to the date-number before subtracting the date-indicator from it.
EXAMPLE XV. Required the tithi and month in the Saka year corresponding to
7th June, 1780 A.D.
The Saka year corresponding to the given date is 1703 current. Its initial day falls on
(4) Wednesday, 5th April, the date-indicator being 96. w. a. b. c.
(Table I., cols. 20, 23, 24, 25) 4 i 657 267
7th June= . . . . 158 (Table IX.)
Add + i for leap-year (N.B. ii.)
159
Deduct 96 the (d) of the initial date
— (Table I., col. 19).
Days that have intervened 63. By Table IV. 63 = . . . o 1334 286 172
4 I33S 943 439
Equation for (ff) (943) (Table VI.) 90
Do. (e) (439) (Table VII.) ... 38
4 1463 =/.
Sukla 5th (Table VIII.) is the required tithi, and (4) Wednesday is the week-day. Now
63 +15-— 64^-. The next lowest number in col. 3, Table III., is 60, which shows Vaisakha to
be the preceding month. Jyeshtha is therefore the required month.
Answer. — Saka 1703 current, Jyeshtha sukla 5th, Wednesday.
If the exact beginning or ending time of the tithi is required, proceed as in example I
above (Art. 148.)
We have seen in example I above (Art. 14.8) that this Jyeshtha 5th ended, and sukla 6th
commenced, at 13 h. 1 1 m. after sunrise on the given date; and after that hour sukla 6th cor-
responded with the given date. Sukla 6th therefore may be sometimes said to correspond
to the given date as well as sukla 5th.
EXAMPLE xvi. — Required the tithi and month in the southern Vikrama year correspond-
ing to 1 2th September, 1776 A.D.
92 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
The Saka year corresponding to the given date is 1699 current. Its initial date
falls on 20th March (80), 4 Wednesday, A.D. 1776. Bhadrapada was intercalated in that
year.
w. a. b. c.
(Table I., cols. 20, 23, 24, 25) 4 9841 54 223
12 September— ... 255 (Table IX.)
Add I for leap-year (N.B. ii.)
256
Deduct 80 the (d) of the initial day.
Days that have intervened 176 = (Table IV.) i 9599 3§7 4§2
5 9440 441 705
Equation for (6) (441) (Table VI.) 19'
Do. (c) (705) (Table VII.) "8
5 9749 = t.
This indicates (Table VIII.) krishna 3Oth (amavasya, or new moon day), Thursday.
The intervening tithis are 176 + ^=179. The number next below this in col. 3, Table III.,
is 150, and shows that Sravana preceded the required month. But Bhadrapada was intercalated
this year and it immediately followed Sravana. Therefore the resulting tithi belongs to the
intercalated or adhika Bhadrapada.
Answer.— Adhika Bhadrapada kri : 3oth of Saka 1699 current, that is adhika Bhadrapada
kri. 30th of the Southern Vikrama Karttikadi year 1833 current, 1832 expired. (Table II., Part ii.).
EXAMPLE xvii. Required the Telugu and Tulu equivalents of December ist, 1822 A.D.
The corresponding Telugu or Tulu Chaitradi Saka year is 1745 current. Asvina was
intercalary and Pausha was expunged (col. 8, Table I.). Its initial date falls on 24 March (83),
A.D. 1822, (i) Sunday.
w. a. b. c.
Table L, cols. 20, 23, 24, 25) i 212 899 229
ist December— . . . 335 (Table IX.)
Deduct 83 (The d. of the initial day)
Days that have intervened 25 2— (Table IV.) 05335 '45 690
i 5547 44 9'9
Equation for (b) (44) (Table IV.) 180
Do. (c) (919) (Do. VII.) 90
The results give us krishna 3, Sunday (i), (Table VIII.) . . i 5817 — t.
252 +^ = 256. The number next below 256 in col. 3, Table III., is 240, and shews that
Karttika preceded the required month, and the required month would therefore be Marga-
THE HINDU CALENDAR. 93
sirsha. But Asvina, which is prior to Margasirsha, was intercalated. Karttika therefore is the
required month. Puushu was expunged, but being later than Karttika the result is not affected.
Answer. — Sunday, Karttika (Telugu), or Jarde (Tuju) (Table II., Part ii.), kr. 3rd of the
year Chitrabhanu, Saka 1745 (1744 expired), Kali year 4923 expired.
EXAMPLE xvili. Required the tithi and purnimanta month in the Saka year corresponding
to 1 8th January, 1541 A.D.
The given date is prior to Chaitra sukla i in the given year. We take therefore the
initial day in the previous year, A.D. 1540, which falls on Tuesday the 9th March (69).
The corresponding Saka year is 1463 current. w. a. b. c.
(Table I., cols. 20, 23, 24, 25) 3 108 756 229
1 8th January = . . 383 (Table IX.)
Add for leap-year . . i (N.B. ii., latter part.)
a
384
Deduct . . . . .69 (The d. of the initial day.)
No. of intervening days. . 3 15 = (by Table IV.) o 6669 432 862
3 6777 188 91
Equation for (l>) (188) (Table VI.) 269
Do. (c) (91) (Do. VII.) 28
3 7074 = /.
The result gives us krishna 7th, Tuesday (3) (Table VIII.).
315 + jj£L — 320 tithis. The next lower number to 320 in col. 3, Table III., is
300, which shews Pausha as preceding the required month, and the required month would
therefore be Magha. Asvina, however, which is prior to Magha, was intercalary in this year;
Pausha, therefore, would be the required month; but it was expunged ; Magha, therefore, becomes
again the required month. Adhika Asvina and kshaya Pausha being both prior to Magha, they
do not affect the result. By Table II. amanta Magha krishna is purnimanta Phalguna krishna.
Therefore purnimanta Phalguna krishna 7th, Tuesday, Saka 1463 current, is the required date.
(E.) Conversion of A.D. dates into Hindu solar dates.
152. Given a year, month, and date A.D., write down from Table I. in a horizontal line the
(d) (w) and (//) (m) (the time) of the Mesha sankranti, by the Aryaor Surya-Siddhanta J as the case
may require, of the Hindu Meshadi year, remembering that if the given day A.D. is earlier than the
Mesha sankranti day in that year the previous2 Hindu year must be taken. Subtract the date-indicator
of the Mesha sankranti day from the date-number of the given date (Table IX.), remembering
that if the Mesha sankranti time of the previous Hindu year is taken the number to be taken
from Table IX. is that on the right-hand side, and not that on the left (see also Art. 151, N.B. ii.~) ; the
remainder is the number of days which intervened between the Mesha sankranti and the given
day. Find from Table III., cols. 6, 7, 8 or 9, as the case may be, the number next below that
number of intervening days. Write its three quantities (d), (w), and the time of the sankranti
(/<:. m.), under their respective heads, and add together the three quantities separately (See Art.
1 See Art. 21, and notes 1 and 2, and Arts. 93 and 90.
- See mitt; 4, p. 90.
94 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
above). The sum is the time of the' astronomical beginning of the required month, and the
month next following that given in col. 5, on the line of the next lowest number, is the month
required.
Ascertain the day of the civil beginning of the current required month by the rules in
Art. 28. When it falls on the same day as the sankranti day, or the following, or the third day,
respectively, subtract i from, or add o or i to, both (d~) and (w). Subtract (d) from the date-number
of the given date. The remainder is the required Hindu day. Add that remainder, casting out
sevens from it, to (w). The sum is the week-day required.
From the Meshadi year and the sign-name of the month thus found, any other corresponding
Hindu year can be found by reference to Table III., Parts ii., and iii.
Observe the cautions contained in N.B. i. and ii. to Art. 151.
EXAMPLE XIX. Required the Tamil, Tinnevelly, and South and North Malayalam equiva-
lents of 3Oth May, 1803 A.D. (See example 14, p. 76.)
The corresponding Meshadi Saka year current is 1726. Its Mesha sankranti falls on
April nth (101), 2 Monday. The Arya Siddhanla applies. (See Art. 21.)
d. iv. h. m.
(Table I., cols. 13 14, 17) 101 2 10 7
May 30th = . 150 (Table IX.)
Deduct . . . 101, the (d) of the initial day.
Intervening days 49
The number next below 49, (Table III., col. 7), for the end of
Mesha and beginning of Vrishabha, is 30, and we have .... 30 2 22 12
[Total of hours — 32. i day of 24 hours carried over to (d) and (#>).]
Astronomical beginning of Vrishabha 1325 819
By all South Indian reckonings, except that in the South Mala-
yalam country, the month begins civilly on the same day as the
sankranti. Subtract, therefore, i from (d) and (w) i i
131 4
Subtract 131 (d) from the number of the given date . . . 150
Remainder, 19, is the required date in the month of Vrishabha. 19
Add 19, casting out sevens, to (w) ' 5
Required week-day 2
Answer. — Monday, igth day of the month Vrishabha, Tamil VaigaSi, of Saka 1726
current (1725 expired); Kali 4904 expired (Table I., or Table II., Part iii.); Tinnevelly Andu
978, Vaigasi igth; North Malayalam Andu 978, Edavam igth.
The Vrishabha sankranti took place 8 h. 19 m. after sunrise, viz., not within the first -|-ths
of the day. Therefore by the South Malayalam system the month Vrishabha began civilly, not
on (5) Thursday, but on the following day (6) Friday. Therefore we have to add or subtract
nothing from 132 and 5. Subtracting 132 from 150, the remainder, i8th, is the required day.
Adding (18-5-7) to 5 (w) we get (2) Monday as the required week-day. Therefore Monday i8th
of Edavam, Kollam Andu 978, is the required South Malayalam equivalent.
THE tir\Dl' CALENDAR. ()5
IAAMPI.E XX. Required the week-day and Bengali date at Calcutta corresponding to
March 3rd, 1855 A.D. The Story a-Siddk&nta is the authority in Bengal. The given day is
earlier than the Mesha sankranti in the year given. We must take therefore as our starting-
point the Mesha sankranti of the previous year, which falls on nth April (101), Tuesday, (3)
Saka 1777 current, A.D. 1854. •
d. w. It. in.
(Table I., cols. 13, 14, 173.} . . 101 3 17 13
Difference of longitude for Calcutta (Table XI.) + 50
March 3rd, 1855= . . 427 (Table IX.)
Deduct (d) of the initial day 101
Intervening days . . . 326
The number next below 326 (Table III. col. 9), for the end of
Makara and beginning of Kumbha is 305 4
The astronomical beginning of Kumbha, after midnight on Saturday — 406 o 20 5
The civil beginning falls on the third day, Monday (Art. 28). We
add therefore i to (d) and (w) i i
The last civil day of Makara = 407 i
Subtract (d) 407 from the date number of 3rd March . . . 427
Remainder 20, and the required date is 2Oth Kumbha. . . 20
Add 20 to (if) casting out sevens 6
The required week-day is Saturday o
The Bengali month corresponding to Kumbha is Phalguna (Table II., Part ii.).
Answer. — The 2Oth day of Phalguna, Saturday, Saka, 1776 expired. (See example x above.)
EXAMPLE XXI. Required the South Indian solar dates equivalent to 2nd September, 1848 A.D.
The corresponding Meshadi Saka year (current) is 1771. It commenced on nth April
(102), Tuesday (3).
d. -w. h. m.
(Table I., cols. 13, 14, 17) 102 3 i 30
2nd September^ .... 245 (Table IX.)
Add i for leap-year ... i (N.B. », Art. 151.)
Date-number of the given day 246
Deduct (d) of the initial day . 102
Intervening days .... 144
The number next below 144, (col. 7, Table III.), for the end of
Karka and beginning of Sirhha is 125, and we write . '. . . . 125 6 938
The astronomical beginning of Sirhha is 227 2 1 1
This is the civil beginning by one of the Southern systems.
96 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
d. iv. k. m.
(Brought over) . . . 277 2 1 1 8
Subtract i from (d) and (w) i i
Last civil day of Karka = ^ 226 i
Subtract 226 from the date number 246 (Table IX.) of the
given day 246
Required date in the month Sirhha 20
Add this to (w) casting out sevens 6
The required week-day is Saturday o
The equivalents are therefore: — (see Table II., Part ii.)
Saturday igth Chingam, South Malayalam Andu 1024 (See example XII., p. 89.)
Do. 20th Do. North Do. 1023
Do. 2Oth Avani Tinnevelly Andu 1024
Do. 20th Do. Tamil Saka year 1771 (current).
(F.) Determination of Karanas.
153. We now proceed to give rules for finding the karanas on a given day, — the
exact moments of their beginning and ending, and the karana current at sunrise on any given
day, or at any moment of any given day.
The karanas J of a given tithi may be found by the following rule. Multiply the number
of expired tithis by two. Divide this by 7; and the remainder is the karana for the current half
of the tithi. Example.— Find the karana for the second half of krishna 8th. The number of
expired tithis from the beginning of the month is (15 + 7-f=) 22-L. 22-^X2=45. Casting
out sevens the 3rd, or Kaulava, is the required karana.
154. To find the exact moments on which the karanas corresponding to a given tithi
begin and end. Find the duration of the tithi from its beginning and ending moments, as calculated
by the method given in Arts. 139, 144, and 145 above. The first half of the tithi is the period
of duration of its first karana, and the second half that of the second.
EXAMPLE xxn. Find the karanas, and the periods of their duration, current on Jyeshtha
sukla panchami (5th) of the Saka year 1702 expired (1703 current). From Table VIII., cols. 4
and 5 we observe that (i) Bava is the first, and (2) Balava is the second, karana corresponding
to the 5th tithi. In the first example above (Art. 148) we have found that the tithi commenced
on Tuesday, 6th June, A.D. 1780. at 1 5 h. 34 m. after mean sunrise, and that it ended on Wednesday,
7th June, at 13!!. 11 m. after mean sunrise. It lasted therefore for 21 h. 3701. (8 h. 26 m. on
Tuesday and 13 h. 1 1 m. on Wednesday). Half of this duration is toh. 4801. The Bava
karana lasted therefore from i5h. 34m. after mean sunrise on Tuesday, June 6th, to 2 h. 22m.
after mean sunrise on Wednesday, June 7th, and the Balava karana lasted thence to the end of the tithi.
155. The karana at sunrise or at any other time can of course easily be found by the
above method. It can also be calculated independently by finding the (t) for the time given.
Its beginning or ending time also can be found, with its index, by the same method as is used
for that of a tithi. The index of a karana can be easily found from that of a tithi by finding
the middle point of the latter. For example, the index of the middle point of sukla i4th
1 Kor tlii' clc fiiiitiun of karanas, and other information rrisinling them, sc^ Arts. 10 anil -tO.
THE HINDU CALENDAR. ''7
is 4500, or 4333 + half the difference between 4333 and 4667 (Table VIII.}, and therefore the
indices for the beginning and ending of the 5th karatm on sukla 141(1 are 4333 and 4500, and
of the 6th karana on the same tithi 4500 and 4667.
KxAMi'i.E xxn(rt). Find the karana at sunrise on Wednesday the 7th June, A.D. 1780,
Jyeshtha sukla 5th, Saka 1702 expired (1703 current).
In examples i. and xv. above we have found (/) at the given sunrise to be 1463. Turning
with this to Table VIII. we see that the karana was the ist or 2nd. The index of the first is
'333 to '5OO, and therefore the first karana, Bava, was current at the given sunrise.
(<;) Determination of Nakshatras.
156. To find the nakshatra at sunrise, or at any other moment, of an Indian or European
date. If the given date be other than a tithi or a European date, turn it into one or other
of these. Find the (a) (l>) (e) and (i) for the given moment by the method given in Arts. 139,
148 or 151, (Examples i. or XT'.) above. Multiply (c) by ten; add 7207 to the product, and from this
sum subtract the equation for (c) (Table VII.). Call the remainder (s). Add (s) to (/). Call the result («).
Taken as an index, («) shows, by Table VIII., col. 6, 7, 8, the nakshatra current at the given
moment as calculated by the ordinary system.
157. If the nakshatra according to the Garga or Brahma Siddhanta system is required,
use cols. 9 or 10 respectively of Table VIII.
158. The beginning or ending time of the nakshatra can be calculated in the same
manner as that of a tithi. Since (c) is expressed in roooths, and looooths of it are neglected, the
time will not be absolutely correct.
EXAMPLE xxin. Find the nakshatra current at sunrise on Wednesday, Jyeshtha sukla
5th, Saka 1702 expired, (7th June, 1780 A.D.)
Equation
for e. (Table VII.)
As calculated in Example i. or xv. above . 1463 . 439 38
Multiply (c) by 10 . 439 X 10=4390
Add .... 7207
1597
Subtract equation for (c) .... 38
Add (j) to (/) 1559 .... 1559= (s)
This result («) gives Aslesha (Table VIII., cols. 6, 7, 8) as the required current nakshatra
The («) so found 3022 — 2963 (index to beginning point of Aslesha) = 59. Therefore
Aslesha begins 3 h. 52 m. (Table X., col. 4) before sunrise 011 the Wednesday.
3333 (encl °f Aslesha) — 3O22(>/) = 31 1, and therefore Aslesha ends (19 h. 40 m. + 43 m. —)
20 h. 23 m. after sunrise on the Wednesday.
For greater accuracy we may proceed as in Example i (Art. 14.8.)
(H.) Determination of Yogas.
1 59. The next problem is to find the yoga at sunrise or at any other moment of an
Indian or European date. If the given date is other than a tithi or a European date, turn it
7
9cS THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
into one or the other of these. Find (a) (/>) (c) (t) (s) and (n) for the given moment as above
(Art. 156). Add (s) to («). Call the sum (y). This, as index, shews by Table VIII., cols, n, 12,
13, the yoga current at the given moment.
EXAMPLE xxiv. Find the yoga at sunrise on Jyeshtha sukla 5th, Saka 1702 expired,
7th June, 1780 A.D.
As calculated in example xviii. (s) = 1559 («)— 3°22
Add (n) to (s) (n) — 3022
Required yoga (y) =. . . 4581 =: (13) Vyaghata (Table VIII.).
We find the beginning point of Vyaghata from this.
The (y) so found 4581—4444 (beginning point of Vyaghata) = 137 = (6 h. 6 m. + 2 h.
15 m. —) 8 h. 21 m. before sunrise on Wednesday (Table X., col. 5).
The end of Vyaghata is found thus:
(End of Vyaghata) 4815—4581 (y) =: 234 =(12 h. 12 m. + 2 h. 4m.ru) 14 h. i6m. after
sunrise on Wednesday.
(l.) Verification of Indian dates.
1 60. (See Art. 132.) The following is an example of the facility afforded by the Tables
in this volume for verifying Indian dates.
EXAMPLE XXV. Suppose an inscription to contain the following record of its date,—
"Saka 666, Karttika krishna amavasya (30), Sunday, nakshatra Hasta." The problem is to verify
this date and find its equivalent A.D. There is nothing here to shew whether the given year
is current or expired, whether the given month is amanta or purnimanta, and whether, if the
year be the current one, the intercalary month in it was taken as true or mean.1
First let us suppose that the year is an expired one (667 current) and the month amanta.
There was no intercalary month in that year. The given month would therefore be the eighth,
and the number of intervening months from the beginning of the year is 7.
d. w. a. b. c.
Saka 667 current. (Table L, cols. 19, 20, 23, 24, 25) .... 80 6 324 773 278
210 (7 months) + 15 (sukla) + 14 (kr. amavasya is 15, and i must
be substracted by rule) = 239 tithis = 235 days 235 4 9578 529 643
315 3 9902 302 921
Equation for (b) (302) (Table VI.) 271
Do. (c) (921) (Do. VII.) . 90
3 263 = t.
This gives us Tuesday, sukla ist (Table VIII.). Index, ^=263, proves that 263 parts of
the tithi had expired at sunrise on Tuesday, and thence we learn that this sukla i st commenced
on Monday, and that the preceding tithi kri. 30 would possibly commence on Sunday. If so, can
we connect the tithi kri. 30 with the Sunday ? Let us see.
1 This will illustrate the danger of trusting to Tables XIV. and XV. in important cases.
Tin-, ii i\ in- CM. i:\nAR.
d. w. a. (>. c.
Already obtained 3 '5 3 9902 302 921
Subtract value for two days (Table IV.) 22 677 73 5
313 i 9225 229 916
Equation for (l>) (229) (Table VI.) 279
Do. (c) (916) (Do. VII.) 91
i 9595 = /•
This index gives us krishna 1 4th- (Table VIII.) as current at sunrise on Sunday (i). The
tithi ended and kri. 30 commenced (9667 — 9595=72=) 5 h. 6 m. after sunrise on Sunday.
This kri. 30 therefore can be connected with a Sunday, and if the nakshatra comes right — Hasta
— then this would be the given date. We calculate the nakshatra at sunrise on Sunday.
/. c.
As calculated above ...... 9595 916
(c) multiplied by ro ...... 916X10 = 9160
Add constant ........ 7207
6367
Subtract the equation for (c) (Table VII.) 91
Add (s) to (/) ........ 6276 6276 = (s)
This index («) gives nakshatra No. 16 Visakha (Table VIII., col. 6, 7, 8). Therefore No. 13
lUsta had already passed, and this proves that the date obtained above is incorrect.
Now if Karttika in the given record be purnimanta, the amanta month corresponding (Table II.,
Part i) would be Asvina, the 7th month, and it is possible that Asvina kri. 30, falling back as it
does 29 or 30 days from the date calculated, might fall on a Sunday. Let us see if it did so.
d. w. a. b. c.
Chaitra sukla i, Saka 667 current (as above) ....... 80 6 324 773 278
1 80 (6 expired months) +15 (sukla) + 14 (see above) = 209 tithis
= 206 days ............... . 206 3 9758 476 564
286 2 82 249 842
Equation for (/;) (249) (Table VI.) 280
Do. (f) (842) (Do. VII.) in
2 473 = (/)
The result gives us Monday, sukla 2nd. '
1 Note that this approximate calculation, which is the same as that by method B, comes out actually wronir l>\ twci d»ya.
-TOO— -— - ~.v THE INDTAN CALENDAR.
d. w. a. I'. c.
State the figures for this 286 2 82 249 842
Subtract value for two days (Table IV.) 22 677 73 5
284 o 9405 176 837
Equation for (V) (176) (Table VI.) 265
Do. (c} (842) (Do. VII.) 112
o 9782
This gives Saturday krishna (30), amavasya, i.e., that tithi had (10,000 — 9782)218 parts to
run at sunrise on Saturday. Therefore it ended on Saturday, and cannot be connected with a
Sunday. Here again we have not the correct date.
Now let us suppose that the given year 666 is a current amanta year. Then the given
month, Karttika, is amanta, and the intercalary month was Bhadrapada. The given month would
be the gth.
d. w. a. />. c.
Chaitra sukla 1st, Saka 666 current (Table I.) 61 o 289 837 227
240 (for 8 months) + 15 (sukla) + 14 (as above) — 269 tithies — 265
days (Table IV.) 265 6 9737 617 726
326 6 26 454 953
Equation for (/;) (454) (Table VI.) 180
l->o (c) (953) (Do. VII.) 78
6 284 — (t)
This gives us Friday, sukla ist. The preceding day is krishna amavasya, and this
therefore ends on Thursday and can in no way be connected with a Sunday. This date is
therefore again wrong. The amavasya of the previous month (29 days back) would end on a
Wednesday or perhaps Tuesday, so that cannot help us. If we go back yet a month more, it
is possible that the krishna amavasya might fall on a Sunday. That month could only be called
Karttika if it were treated according to the purnimanta system and if there were no intercalary
month. The given month would then be the 7th in the year. We test this as usual.
• d. w. a. />. c.
Chaitra sukla ist, Saka 666 current 61 o 289 837 227
1 80 (6 expired months) + 1 5 sukla +14 (as before) — 209 tithis = 206
days (Table IV.) 206 3 9758 476 564
267 3 47 313 79'
Equation for (6) (313) (Table VI.) 269
Do. (c) (791) (Do. VII.) 1 19
3 435='-
This gives Tuesday,1 sukla 2nd, two tithis in advance of the required one.
1 In this r:iM> tin- iv-ult by tlir approximate method A or B will be wrong by two days.
Til! \fUHAMMADANCALENDAR. 101
\V< may cither subtract the value of (w) (a) (/>) (c) for two days from their value as already
obtained, or may add the value for (206 — 2=) 204 days to the value at the beginning of the
year. We try the latter.
d. w. a. b. c.
Chaitra sukla ist, Saka 666 current (Table I.) 61 O 289 837 227
204 days (Table IV.) 204 i 9081 403 559
265 I 9370 240 786
Equation for (/>) (240) (Table VI.) 280
Do. (c) (786) (Do. VII.) 119
i 9769 = /.
This gives us krishna amavasya, (i) Sunday, as required.
i//) = 265 = (Table IX.) 22nd September, 743 A.D. (Table I.). From Table XIII. we see
that the week-day is right. If the nakshatra Hasta comes right, then this is the given date.
We calculate it according to rule.
/. c.
As already obtained 97^9 786
(c) multiplied by 10 7860
Add constant 7207
5067
Subtract the equation for (c) (786) (Table VII.) 119
Add (j) to (/) 4948 4948 =
4717 = 00
This result gives No. 13 Hasta (Table VIII.) as required.
This therefore is the given date. Its equivalent A.D. is 22nd September, 743 A.D. The
data were imaginary. If they had been taken from an actual record they would have proved
that mean and not true intercalary months were in use in A.D. 743, because we have found
that there was no intercalary month prior to the given month Karttika. The mean intercalary month
in that year (Table I.) was the gth month, Margaslrsha, and of course Karttika was unaffected by it.
1 6o(A). See page of Addenda and Errata.
PART V.
THE MUHAMMADAN CALENDAR.
161. The Muhammadan era of the Hijra, or "flight," dates from the flight of Muhammad
(Anglice Mahomet) which took place, according to the Hissabi or astronomical reckoning, on the
evening of July I5th, A.D. 622. But in the Helali, or chronological reckoning, Friday, July i6th,
is made the initial date. The era was introduced by the Khalif Umar.
102 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
162. The year is purely lunar, and the month begins with the first heliacal rising of the
moon after the new moon. The year is one of 354 days, and of 355 in intercalary years. The
months have alternately 30 and 29 days each (but see below), with an extra day added to the
last month eleven times in a cycle of thirty years. These are usually taken as the 2nd, 5th, jth,
loth, 1 3th, 1 5th, 1 8th, 2ist, 24th, 26th, and 2Qth in the cycle, but Jervis gives the 8th, i6th,
i gth, and 2;th as intercalary instead of the Jth, I5th, i8th and 26th, though he mentions the
usual list. Ulug Beg mentions the i6th as a leap-year. It may be taken as certain that the
practice varies in different countries, and sometimes even at different periods in the same country.
30 years are equal to (354 x 30 + n =) 10,631 days and the mean length of the year is
354* days.1
Since each Hijra year begins 10 or 1 1 civil days earlier than the last, in the course of
33 years the beginning of the Muhammadan year runs through the whole course of the seasons.
163. Table XVI. gives a complete list of the initial dates of the Muhammadan Hijra years
from A.D. 300 to A.D. 1 900. The asterisk in col. i shews the leap-years, when the year consists
of 355 days, an extra day being added to the last month Zi'1-hijjat. The numbers in brackets
following the date in col. 3 refer to Table IX. (see above, Art. #5), and are for purposes of
calculation as shewn below.
Muhammadan Months.
Days.
Collective
duration.
Days.
Collective
duration.
1
•2
3
4
1
•2
3
4
1
Muharram ...
3O
3O
7
1
Rajab
3O
1Q7
?.
Safar
2Q
j"
CO
8
Sha'ban .
j"
2Q
236
3
Rabi-ul awwal
3O
8q
Ramazan
3O
266
4
RabS-ul akhir, or Rabi-us sani.
2Q
oy
118
IO
Shawwal . . ...
2Q
2CK
5
Juinada'l awwal
3Q
148
1 1
Zi-1-ka'da
3Q
^2?
6
Jumada'l akhir, or Jumada-s sa.nl
2Q
177
12
Zi-1-hijja ....
20 )
3e4J
In leap-years . . .
"y [
30 \
j:>HY
355<
164. Since the Muhammadan year invariably begins with the heliacal rising of the moon,
or her first observed appearance on the western horizon shortly after the sunset following the
new-moon (the amavasya day of the Hindu luni-solar calendar), it follows that this rising is due about
the end of the first tithi (sukla pratipada) of every lunar month, and that she is actually seen on
the evening of the civil day corresponding to the ist or 2nd tithi of the sukla (bright) fortnight.
As, however, the Muhammadan day — contrary to Hindu practice, which counts the day from
sunrise to sunrise— consists of the period from sunset to sunset, the first date of a Muhammadan
month is always entered in Hindu almanacks as corresponding with the next following Hindu
civil day. For instance, if the heliacal rising of the moon takes place shortly after sunset on a
Saturday, the ist day of the Muhammadan month is, in Hindu panchangs, coupled with the
A year of the Hijra = 0.970223 of a Gregorian year, and a Gregorian year =1.03069 years of the Hijra. Thus 32 Grego-
rian years are about equal to 33 years of the Hijra, or more nearly 163 Gregorian years are within less than a day of 168 Hijra years.
THE MUHAMMADAN CALENDAR. 103
Sunday which begins at the next sunrise. But the Muhammadan day and the first day
of the Muhammadan month begin with the Saturday sunset. (See Art. jo, and the f>ancltimg
extract attacked?)
165. It will be well to note that where the first tithi of a month ends not less than 5
ghatikas, about two hours, before sunset, the heliacal rising of the moon will most probably take
place on the same evening ; but where the first tithi ends 5 ghatikas or more after sunset the
heliacal rising will probably not take place till the following evening. When the first tithi ends
within these two periods, i.e., 5 ghatikas before or after sunset, the day of the heliacal rising
can only be ascertained by elaborate calculations. In the panchang extract appended to Art. 30
it is noted that the heliacal rising of the moon takes place on the day corresponding to September i st.
1 66. It must also be specially noted that variation of latitude and longitude sometimes
causes a difference in the number of days in a month; for since the beginning of the Muhammadan
month depends on the heliacal rising of the moon, the month may begin a day earlier at one
place than at another, and therefore the following month may contain in one case a day more
than in the other. Hence it is not right to lay down a law for all places in the world where
Muhammadan reckoning is used, asserting that invariably months have alternately 29 and 30
days. The month Safar, for instance, is said to have 29 days, but in the panchang extract given
above (Art. jo) it has 30 days. No universal rule can be made, therefore, and each case can
only be a matter of calculation. J The rule may be accepted as fairly accurate.
167. The days of the week are named as in the following Table.
Days of the Week.
Hindustani.
Persian.
Arabic.
Hindi.
i. Sun.
Itwar.
Yak-shamba.
Yaumu'1-ahad.
Rabi-bar.
2. Mon.
Somwar, or Fir.
Do-shamba.
,, -isnain.
Som-bar.
3. Tues.
Mangal.
Sih-shamba.
„ -salasa'.
Mangal-bar.
4. Wed.
Budh.
Chahar-shamba.
-arba'.
Budh-bar.
5. Thurs.
Jum'a-rat.
Panj-shamba.
„ -khamis.
Brihaspati-bar.
6. Fri.
Jum'a.
Adina.
,, -Jum'ah.
Sukra-bar.
7. Sat.
Sanichar.
Shamba, or Hafta.
Yaumu's-sab't.
Sani-bar.
Old and New style.
1 68. The New Style was introduced into all the Roman Catholic countries in Europe
from October 5th. 1582 A.D., the year 1600 remaining a leap-year, while it was ordained that
1700, 1800, and 1900 should be common and not leap-years. This was not introduced into
England till September 3rd, A.D. 1752. In the Table of Muhammadan initial dates we have
given the comparative dates according to English computation, and if it is desired to assimilate
the date to that of any Catholic country, -10 days must be added to the initial dates given by
us from Hijra 991 to Hijra mi inclusive, and u days from H. 1112 to 1165 inclusive. Thus,
for Catholic countries H. 1002 must be taken as beginning on September 27th, A.D. 1593.
:';ir as I knmv im European chronologist of the present ccntiin, IKI- nuiiml this point Tables could In ,1 for
the heliacal rising of the moon in every month of every year, but it would be too great a work for the present publication. S. I! 1)
,o4 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
The Catholic dates will be found in Professor R. Wustenfeld's " Vergleichnngs-Tabellcti
der Muhammadtmischen und Cliristliclicn /.citrechnung" (Leipzic 1854).
To convert a date A.H. into a date A.D.
169. Rule i. Given a Muhammadan year, month, and date. Take down (w) the week-
day number of the initial day of the given year from Table XVI., col. 2, and (d) the date-indicator
in brackets given in col. 3 of the same Table (Art. 16^ and 93 above.) Add to each the
collective duration up to the end of the month preceding the one given, as also the moment of
the given date minus i (Table in Art. 163 above). Of the two totals the first gives the day
of the week by casting out sevens, and the second gives the day of the month with reference
to Table IX.
Rule 2. Where the day indicated by the second total falls on or after February 29th in
an English leap-year, reduce the total by one day.
Rule 3. For Old and New Style between Hijra 991 and 1165 see the preceding article.
EXAMPI.K i. Required the English equivalent of 20th Muharram, A.H. 1260.
A.H. 1260 begins (Table XVI.) January 22nd, 1844.
(w) Col. 2 (d) Col. 3
2 22
Given date minus I = 19 19
21 41 =(Table IX.) Feb. loth.
Cast out sevens = 2 1
o = Saturday.
Answer. — Saturday, February loth, A.D. 1844.
EXAMPLE 2. Required the English equivalent of gth Rajab, A.H. 1311.
A.H. 1311 begins July I5th, 1893.
w. d.
o 196
9th Rajab = (177 + 8)= 185 185
7 | 185 381 =Jan. 1 6th, 1894.
(26) 3 == Tuesday.
Answer. — Tuesday, January i6th, A.D. 1894.
This last example has been designedly introduced to prove the point we have insisted on
viz., that care must be exercised in dealing with Muhammadan dates. According to Traill's
Indian Diary, Comparative Table of Dates, giving the correspondence of English, Bengali, N.W.
Fasali, "Samvat", Muhammadan, and Burmese dates, Rajab ist corresponded with January gth,
and therefore Rajab gth was Wednesday, January i;th, but Letts and Whitaker give Rajab ist
as corresponding with January 8th, and therefore Rajab 9th = Tuesday, January i6th, as by
our Tables.
'/•///•: Ml II.IMM iDAN CALENDAR, 105
To convert a date A.D. into a date A.H.
170. Rule i. Take down (u>) the week-day number of the initial day of the corresponding
Muhammadan year, or the year previous if the given date falls before its initial date, from Table
XVI., col. 2, and (d) the corresponding date-indicator in brackets as given in col. 3. Subtract (d)
from the collective duration up to the given A.D. date, as given in Table IX., Parts i. or ii. as
the case may be. Add the remainder to (w). From the same remainder subtract the collective
duration given in the Table in Art. 163 above which is next lowest, and add i. Of these two
totals (w) gives, by casting out sevens, the day of the week, and (d) the date of the Muhammadan
month following that whose collective duration was taken.
Rule 2. When the given English date is in a leap-year, and falls on or after February 29th,
or when its date-number is more than 365 (taken from the right-hand side of Table IX.), and
the year preceding it was a leap-year, add r to the collective duration given in Table IX.
Rule 3. For Old and New Style see above, Art. 167.
EXAMPLE. Required the Muhammadan equivalent of January 1 6th, 1894 A.D.
Since by Table XVI. we see that A.H. 1312 began July 5th, 1894 A.D., it is clear that
we must take the figures of the previous year. This gives us the following:
(w) (d)
o 196
Jan. 1 6th (Table IX.) =381
— 196
185 185
7 I '85
(26) 3 = Tuesday. Coll. dur. (Art. 163)— 177
8
+ i
Answer. — Tuesday, Rajab gth, A.H. 1311.
Perpetual Muhammadan Calendar.
By the kindness of Dr. J. Burgess we are able to publish the following perpetual Muham-
madan Calendar, which is very simple and may be found of use. Where the week-day is known
this Calendar gives a choice of four or five days in the month. But where it is not known it must
be found, and in that case our own process will be the simpler, besides fixing the day exactly
instead of merely giving a choice of several days.
io6
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
390
420
450
480
510
540
570
600
PERPETUAL
MUHAMMADAN B
<J
CALENDAR.
630
660
690
720
750
780
810
Q
840
870
900
930
960
990
1020
1050
1080
1110
1140
1170
1200
1230
For odd years. \
1260
1290
1320
1350
1380
1410
1440
DOMINICAL LETTERS.
0
5* 8
13*
21*
29*
G
B
D
F
A
C
E
1
9
17
25
C
E
G
B
D
F
A
2*
10*
18*
26*
F
A
C
E
G
B
D
3
11
16*
19
24*
27
A
C
E
G
B
n
F
4
12
20
28
D
F
'A
C
E
G
B
6
14
22
B
D
F
A
C
E
G
7*
15
28
E
G
B
D
F
A
C
1 Muharram
10 Shaw-wal
A
G
F
E
D
C
B
2 Safar
7 Rajab
C
B
A
G
F
E
D
3 Rabi'l-Awwal
12 Zi'1-hijjat
D
C
B
A
G
F
E
4 Rabi'l-akhir
9 Ramadan . ....
F
E
D
C
B
A
G
5 Jamftda-1-a'wwal
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
6 Jainada-l-Akhir . .
11 Zi'1-ka'dat . . ...
B
A
G
F
E
D
C
8 Sha'bfin
E
»
C
B
A
G
F
1
8
15
•2-2
29
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thur.
Fri.
Sat.
2
9
16
23
30
Mini.
Tues.
Wed.
Thur.
Fri.
Sat,
Sun.
3
10
17
24
Tues.
Wed.
Thur.
Fri.
Sat.
Sun.
Mon.
4
11
18
25
Wed.
Thur.
Fri.
Sat. •
Sun.
Alon.
Tues.
5
12
19
26
Thur.
Fri.
Sat.
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
G
13
20
27
Fri.
Sat.
Sun.
Mon.
Tui-s.
Wed.
Thur.
7
14
2]
28
Sat.
Sun
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thur.
Fri.
From the Hijra date subtract the next greatest at the head of the first Table, and in that
column find the Dominical letter corresponding to the remainder. In the second Table, with the
Dominical letter oppdsite the given month, run down to the week-days, and on the left will be
found the dates and vice versa.
EXAMPLE. For Ramadan, A.H. 1310. The nearest year above is 1290, difference 20; in
the same column with 1290, and in line with 20, is F. In line with Ramadan and the column
F we find Sunday ist, 8th, I5th, 22nd, 29th, etc.
* In the 11 years marked with an asterisk the mouth Zi'1-ka'dat has 30 days; in all others 29. Thus A.H. 1306
(1290 + 16) had 355 days, the 30th of Zi'1-ka'dat being Sunday.
TABLES.
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
lM>i///ion-/iarls =: 10,00(M.v of /> citric. A lil/ii — ^jmt/i of the movii's
ir revolution.
\. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali
Saka
Chaitradi.
Viknima.
fl
•
V
M^(
o a
—£
-5
*3
-J3
J
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(N'lirthern)
riirrent
^1 \lcsha
s<ii'ikranti.
.\Jiine of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankvanti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
siinkranti
expressed in
a ^*
c o,
jb
It
.2
2
&
IS
1 »
a i*
3 i.
3
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
8407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3-129
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
238
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
358
359
3i;o
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
—
•
*300- 1
301- 2
302- 3
303- 4
*304- 5
305- 6
306- 7
307- 8
*308- 9
309-10
310-11
311-12
*312-13
313-14
314-15
315-16
*316-17
317-18
318-19
319-20
'320-21
321-22
322-28
323-24
*324-25
325-26
326-27
327-28
*328-29
329-30
330-31
331-32
*332-33
47 Prainadiu . .
0.861
9950
29.850
287
49 Raks
50 \nala
51 Pingala
9588
28.755
248
0.744
53 Siddh^rtlii"
54 Raud
3 Jyeshtha....
9442
28.326
152
0 . 456
57 Rudhirod^arin . ...
2 Vuisfikha. .. .
9781
29.343
321
0 . 963
58 Raktaksha').
60 Kshuva
6 Bhudrapada. .
9767
29.301
374
1.122
2 Vibhfva . .
3 Suklf
4 AshiVlha....
9648
28.944
306
0.918
1 944
0 . 1)36
4 Pram
3 Jyeshtha
9861
29.583
648
7 Srimi'H"! -
8 Bhav
a
7 Asvina
9919
29. To?
812
9 Yuva
10 l>hat
11 I^V'IV
1.047
0.558
9770
29.310
349
12 Bahiidhiinva
1 3 Pramathin
3 Jyeshtha
B408
28.227
186
15 Vrisl
It) CliilraWiAnu
17 Subh
18 Tarai
2 Vaiiiikha. . . .
9897
29.691
348
. 19 Parthiva
(> Hluulrapada..
9835
29.505
360
1.080
°0 Vvava
Krodhana, No. 59, was suppressed.
THR IflXnU CALENDAR.
TA 15 I, K I.
(Col. 23) a rr Distance of moon from «.». (Col. 24) b = moon's mean anomaly. (Col. 25) c =: nut's mean iinomnly.
in
II ADDKD U'NAK MONTHS
(continued.)
III. COMMKNCEMK.NT (IF TIIK
\lr.in
Solar year.
Lnni-Sular year. (Ci\il day of Cliaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Name of
mouth.
Tun,- «f the
preceding
sarikranti
BipreHod in
Time ill' the
Mirrrrdin^
"flllti
II il in
Day
and Month
A. D.
(Time of the Mesha
sankranti.)
Day
and Month
A. D.
Week
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of Ujjain.
Moon's
V...
a
t.
c.
Week
,hn
Hy tin
Sid.lhanta.
aCT
\4
Si
o>
'J3
P
§£
It
^
'£
P
is
E.
il
II
H -H"
lih I'a
II M.
8a
9s
10a
lla
12a
13
14
16
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
1
Ifi Mar. (76)
111 Mar.(?:,1
17 Mir. (76)
17 Mnr.(76)
Hi Mar. (76)
16 Mar. (75)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
1(1 Mar. (76)
11! Mar. (75)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
16 Mar. (76)
16 Mar. (7 5)
17 Mar. (7 6)
17 Mar. (76)
16 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
16 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (70)
16 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
1C Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
10 Mar. (76)
0 Sat
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
1 .Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 \Ved.
6 Kri.
OSat.
ISun.
8 Mon.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
fi Kri.
ISun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
6 Fri.
0 Sat.
ISnn.
2 Mon.
4 \Vrd
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues
4 \Yed
5 Thur.
37 30
53 1
8 32
24 4
89 35
55 6
10 37
26 9
41 40
57 11
12 42
28 14
43 45
59 16
14 47
30 19
45 50
1 21
16 52
32 24
47 55
3 26
18 57
84 29
50 0
5 31
21 -1
31! 31
52 5
7 36
23 7
38 39
5-1 10
15 0
21 12
3 25
9 37
15 511
22 2
4 15
10 27
16 40
22 52
5 5
11 17
17 30
23 42
5 55
12 7
18 20
0 32
6 45
12 57
19 10
1 22
7 85
13 47
20 0
2 12
8 25
14 37
20 50
3 2
9 15
15 27
21 40
8 Mar. (68)
2fi Fci.
17 Mar. (76)
0 Mar. (05)
23 Feb. (54)
13 Mar. (72)
2 Mar. (61)
20 Feb. (51)
10 Mar. (70)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Feb. (48)
8 Mar. (67)
25 Feb. (56)
11 Mar. (73)
4. Mar. (68)
21 Feb. (52)
11 Mar. (71)
1 Mar. (60)
18 Feb. (49)
!l Mar. (68)
26 Feb. (57)
16 Mar (75)
5 Mar. (64)
22 Feb. (53)
12 Mar. (72)
.' Mar (61)
20 Feb. (51)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
16 Feb. (47)
7 Mar. (66)
24 Fdi
14 Mar (74)
(1 Fri.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
0 Sat.
4 Wed.
3 Tue«.
OSat.
5 Thur.
4 Wed.
1 Sun.
fi Fri.
5 Thur.
2. Mon.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
5 Thnr.
•2 M.m
CFri.
5 Thur
8 Tues.
1 Sun.
OSat
t \\i-d.
1 SUM
0 Sat.
4 \\eil
3 TIH-S.
34
1M
235
192
IN
•21-2
163
8M
292
49
234
280
260
42
322
186
179
290
69
87
17
101
104
31
47
187
302
288
124
81
268
161
219
.103
.597
.705
.576
.597
.816
.489
.942
.876
.147
.702
.840
.780
.126
.966
.558
.537
.888
.207
.261
.051
.303
.812
.093
.141
.561
.906
.864
.372
.243
.804
483
.657
9981
196
230
106
9982
9892
107
141
17
231
266
142
9838
58
9928
9902
177
52
87
9963
9997
9873
9749
9783
9998
212
247
122
9998
33
9908
9943
895
778
715
562
409
345
192
76
12
859
743
678
526
425
309
156
92
'J7<i
823
75'J
606
542
389
236
172
56
939
875
723
570
506
353
289
256
228
279
248
218
269
288
210
261
230
202
254
223
271
243
£13
264
236
205
256
225
277
246
215
26U
238
210
261
231
200
Ul
220
272
3402
3403
3404
34li:i
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
11433
3434
n ....
B980
29.940
287
0.862
6 Hhudrapada.
9815
29.446
123
0.368
3 Jyeshtha. . . .
11 Milgha
9958
9793
29". 874
29.380
265
101
0.796
0.802
8 KArttika
9936
29.809
244
0.781
4 AshAc.llia
9772
29.315
79
0.237
1 Chaitra
9914
29.743
222
0.065
9 Margasirsha .
9750
29.24!)
57
0.171
::::::
Bhadrapada. .
9893
29.678
200
0.600
•-' Vaiifikhn
1
9728
29.184
35
0.106
1 11 Miigba
9871
29.012
178
0.5 SI
I::.:::
; 7 AM iua
9706
29.118
13
0.040
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Lunation-parti ~ 10,OOOM* of a circle. A tithi := 'j-mtA of (he moon's synodic revolution.
1. CONCUUHKNT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitrfuli.
Vikrama.
U
•
B
11
&J
Kollam.
A. I).
Samvatsara.
True.
(Southern.)
lirihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
§s
II
^ g.
|
|S
|g
1
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
3435
3436
3437
9438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3440
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
S461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
—
—
333-34
334-35
335-3(5
*336-37
337-38
338-39
339-40
*340-41
341-42
342-43
343-44
*344-45
345-46
346-47
347-48
*348-4»
349-50
350-51
351-52
*352-53
353-54
854-55
355-56
*356-57
357-58
358-59
359-60
*360-61
361-62
362-63
363-64
*364-65
365-66
4 Ashurlha ....
9718
29.154
474
1.422
. . . . 23 Viro
24 Vikrita
25 Khara
3 Jveshtha
9861
29.583
607
1.821
26 Nandana
27 Vijava
9888
29.664
275
0.825
28 Java .
29 Maunmttin
.... 30 Dun
nukha
5 Srftvaiia
9957
29.871
532
1 . 596
31 Hem
—
32 Vilamba . . .
33 Vikarin
3 Jyeshtha
9384
28.152
152
0.456
34 S&rvari
35 Plava
36 Stibhakrit
1 Chaitra . .
9890
29.670
86
0.258
37 Sobhana
6 Bhadrapada..
9998
29 . 994
438
1.314
40 Para
. 41 Plav
4 Ashiiflha ....
9701
29.103
550
1.650
42 Kilaka
44 Sadh&rana
3 Jyeshtha ....
9956
29.868
603
1.809
45 Virodhalfrit; ... -
46 Pari
Ihaviu
7 Asvina
9933
29.799
256
0.768
47 pran
48 Anandn
49 Raks
hasa
4 Ashiidha ....
9245
27.735
67
0.201
50 Anal
51 Pingala . .
52 Kalayukta
3 Jyeshtha ....
9443
28.329
192
0.576
Till-. HINDU CAf I-.MtAR.
T A H I, K I.
''!) a — Distance of moon from nun. (Col. 24) A — moon'* mean anomaly. (Col. 26) r — **»'* wea» anomaly.
II \IIDKI) I.I N'\K MONTHS
feoniintted.J
111. CO MM lACKMKNT OK TIIK
Mean.
\r:ir
Lnui-Solar \.-ar. (Civil day of Chaitn Sukla 1st.;
Kali.
Name uf
month.
Time of the
]jiv. ,
saiikranti
expressed in
TIIIH- .if the
succeeding
sarikrAnti
expressed in
Day
and Mouth
A. 1).
(Time uf the Mesha
saiikrunli.i
1 )a\
and Mnntli
A. D.
W.-rk
day.
At Kunrist- on
meridian of UJUaln.
Moon's
Age.
rr.
f.
c.
Week
day.
Bj Hie Arya
Siddhanta.
jg
Is
Si
.2
15
H
§2
H
J S
'Ja
£
S cr
a •— '
ft
SJ
It
S-s
(ill. l':i
11. M.
8a
9a
10a
lla
12a
18
14
15
17
19
2O
21
22
23
24
25
1
17 Mar. (7f.)
17 -Mar (7(1)
17 Mar .(70)
10 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
1(1 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
17 .Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
17 M;:
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
(ISal
ISnn.
•2 MUII.
3 Tues.
5 Thur
(1 Kri
OSat.
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5Thur
0 Sat,
ISun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
5 Thar
6 Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
ISun.
2'Mou
3 Toes.
4 Wed.
6 Kri.
OSat.
1 Sun
2 -Mon.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
9 41
25 12
40 44
56 15
11 4(1
27 17
42 49
58 20
13 51
29 22
44 54
0 25
15 56
31 27
46 59
2 30
18 1
33 32
49 4
4 35
20 6
35 37
51 9
6 40
22 11
37 42
53 14
S 4.->
24 16
39 47
55 19
10 50
2(1 21
:i .12
10 5
1C 17
22 30
4 42
10 55
17 7
23 20
5 32
11 45
17 57
0 10
6 22
12 35
18 47
1 0
7 12
13 25
19 37
1 50
8 2
14 15
20 27
2 40
8 52
15 5
21 17
3 30
9 42
15 55
22 7
4 211
10 32
4 Mar. (63)
21 Feb. (52)
12 Mar. (71)
1 Mar. (61)
18 I'eb. (49)
'.) Mar. (68)
26 Feb. (57)
1(1 Mar. (76)
5 Mar. (64)
22 Keb. (53)
13 Mar. (72)
2 Mar. (62)
20 Feb. (51)
10 Mar. (69)
28 Feb. (59)
17 Feb. (48)
11 Mar. (65)
24 Feb. (55)
15 Mar. (74)
3 Mar. (63)
21 Feb. (52)
12 Mar. (71)
1 Mm
18 Feb. (49)
8 Mar. (67)
25 Feb. (56)
1 0 Mar. (75)
5 Mar. (65)
22 Feb. (53)
13 Mar. (72)
3 Mar. (62)
20 Feb
10 Mar. (69)
1 Sun
5 Thnr
4 Wed.
2 Mem
6 Fri.
5 Thur
2 Mmi
ISun.
5 Thur
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
•1 Kri.
4 \\Yd.
2 Mon.
OSat.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
OSat.
6 Fri.
8 Tues.
1 Sun.
0 Sat,
4 Wed.
ISuu.
OSat.
4 Wed.
8 Tnes.
1 Sun.
5 Thur
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
6 Fri
o Thur.
321
192
170
303
172
235
23C
322
259
79
60
175
328
20
296
304
62
292
303
64
187
186
68
55
144
110
148
318
70
52
212
124
202
.963
.579
.510
.909
.516
.705
.708
,M<
.777
.237
.180
.525
.9H4
.061
.888
.912
.186
.876
.909
.192
.561
.558
.204
.165
.432
.330
.444
.954
.210
.156
03(1
.372
606
157
M
68
282
158
192
(is
103
!)97'.
us:,
9889
103
318
14
228
104
9800
u
49
9924
139
178
49
)!I25
9960
9835
9870
83
I'.KIO
9994
209
84
119
172
20
956
839
(1SI
622
469
406
253
100
36
Ml
803
70S
586
433
333
217
152
1000
888
819
666
514
450
297
233
116
963
900
783
630
566
244
213
264
III
MM
256
,225
277
246
215
266
239
210
259
231
200
249
221
272
241
213
26 J
231
202
254
223
274
246
215
267
289
208
259
3435
3430
:{437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3440
3447
344H
3449
3450
H51
3452
3453
3454
3455
U56
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
S467
4 AsluVIha
9849
29.547
156
0.469
1 ('liaitra
9992
29.975
191
0.897
9 Mlrgas.rsha.
9827
29.481
134
0.403
6 KhAdrapada..
9970
29.909
277
0.832
2 Vniiakha....
9805
29.416
113
0.338
\ll"ha
1)948
29.844
255
0.766
7 AM ina
9783
29.350
91
0.272
4 AshAilha ....
9926
29.778
234
0.701
12 Phalguna....
9762
29.285
69
0.207
irslia .
MM
29.713
212
0.635
1 5 Sravana
J740
29.219
47
0.141
•::::::::::::::
I 8 Vaisakha....
9882
29.647
190
0.570
l_ . '
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Lunation-parti := lO.OOOWs of a circle. A tithi = '/*oM Of the moons synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
li
3 S
£*
a>
d
E
Is,
o p
-^ .£
— 'PQ
•5
cS
.a
S.
?.
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sarikranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
eipressed in
1 3
i-fi
3 g.
£
H
gS
2 3
1 !
ID
jd
P
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
349f
349C
M97
349S
849t
350C
289
290
291
292
293
294
295.
296
297
298
299
300
801
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
—
—
366-67
367-68
•368-69
369-70
370-71
371-72
*372-73
373-74
374-75
375-76
*376-77
377-78
378-79
379-80
*380-81
381-82
382-83
383-84
*384-85
385-86
386-87
387-88
*388-89
389-90
390-91
391-92
'392-93
393-94
394-95
395-96
•396-97
397-98
398-99
2 Phalguna
9914
29.742
16
0.048
... 55 Durmati
56 Dundubhi
... 57 Rudhirodgarin . .•
5 Sravana
9574
28.722
196
0.588
58 Raktaksha ...
. 59 Krodhana
60 Kahaya
4 Ashndha ....
9658
28.974
531
1.593
. 2 Vibliava
3 Sukla
2 Vaisakha
9747
29.241
136
0.408
5 Prajapati
6 BhMrapada . .
9663
28.989
77
0.231
7 Srimukha
8 BMva
4 Ashadha
9202
27.606
140
0.420
9 Yuvan
10 Dhatri
11 isvara
12 Bahudhfinya
3 Jyeshtha ....
9602
28.806
186
0.558
13 PramiTthin
12 Phalguna....
9895
29.685
41
0.123
444
445
446
447
448
448
45C
451
15 Vrisha
5 Sravfu.ia ....
9613
28.839
336
1.008
17 Subhanu
18 Tur.1"" - • -
19 Pal
;hiva
4 Ashfulha . . .
9687
29. OBI
491
I . i?:i
20 Vva
.21 Sarvajit
452
458
454
45,
45C
2 Vaisfikha . . .
9875
29.625
323
0.969
. . 23 Virodhin
... 24 Vikrita
C BhidrapaA*.
9831
29.493
270
0.810
25 Kh»i'.i l^
27 Viji
Nandana, No. 26, was suppressed.
'////• ///.v/> U CAL i:\nAR. vii
TABLE I.
~.'i| a = Distance of moon from sun. (Col. 24) 6 = moon's mean anomaly. (Col. 25) c — tun't mean anomaly.
II. ADDI'lD I.UNAK MONTHS
(continued.}
III. COMMKM'KMKNT OF T1IK
Mean.
Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla lat.)
Kali.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sarikn'niti
cxpressnl in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
eipresseil in
Day
and Mouth
A 1).
(Time of the Mcsha
sankrinti.)
Day
and Month
A. D.
Week
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of Ujjain.
Moon's
A i;e.
a.
b.
c.
\V,,k
day.
By the Arya
Siddhanta.
Lunation
parts, (t.)
<n
I
B
IS
14
II
d
3
B
Sc?
8,~
il
S at
,3J
« -3
IS -r,
I— £-
^H *
• "u
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
8a
9a
10a
lla
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
10 Pausha
9718
29.154
25
0.076
17 Mar. (76
17 Mar. (76
17 Mar. (77
17 Mar. (76
17 Mar. (78
17 Mar. (76
17 Mar. (77
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar, (77)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (79)
17 Mar. (76)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar (76)
6 Fri.
OSat.
2Mon.
3 Tnc-
4 Wed.
SThur
OSat.
ISun.
2Mon.
4 Wed.
5 Thur
6 Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
OSat.
1 Sun.
1 Mon.
STnes.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
OSat.
. Sun.
i Tnrs.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
ISun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
1 \V,«1.
41 52
57 24
12 55
28 26
13 ,-)7
59 29
15 0
80 31
46 2
1 34
17 5
32 36
48 7
3 39
19 10
34 41
50 12
5 44
21 15
36 46
52 17
7 49
23 20
38 51
54 22
9 54
25 25
40 56
56 27
11 59
27 30
43 1
58 32
16 45
22 57
5 10
11 22
17 35
23 47
6 0
12 12
18 25
0 37
6 50
13 2
19 15
1 27
7 40
13 52
20 5
2 17
8 30
14 42
20 55
3 7
9 20
15 32
21 45
3 57
10 10
16 22
22 35
4 47
11 0
17 12
23 25
27 Feb. (58
18 M:,
6 Mar. (66
24 Feb. (55)
15 Mar. (74)
4 Mar. (63)
22 Feb. (53)
12 Mar. (71)
1 Mar. (60)
18 Feb. (49)
7 Mar. (67)
25 Feb. (56)
16 Mar. (75)
6 Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
13 Mar. (72)
2 Mar. (61)
19 Feb. (50)
9 Mar. (69)
26 Feb. (57)
17 Mar. (76)
7 Mar. (66)
25 Feb. (56)
15 Mar. (74)
4 Mar. (68)
21 Feb. (52)
11 Mar. (71)
28 Feb. (59)
17 Feb. (48)
8 Mar. (67)
26 Feb. (57)
6 Mar. (75)
6 Mar. (65)
2Mou
1 Sun.
5 Thur
3 Tues
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
OSat.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
1 Sun.
OSat.
4 Wed.
ISnn.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
ISun.
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
.' Mon.
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
a Thur.
3 Tues.
2 Mon.
OSat.
207
284
177
329
308
64
246
291
269
271
200
197
312
82
100
26
32
113
42
63
203
317
304
138
90
177
172
74
80
208
187
319
.62
.852
.531
.987
.924
.192
.738
.873
.807
.813
.009
.600
.591
.936
.246
.300
.078
.096
.339
.126
.189
.609
.951
.912
414
270
531
516
222
240
624
561
957
m
30
'.('.Ml,
120
154
30
244
279
155
30
9726
9941
9975
190
65
100
9976
9851
9886
9762
9796
11
225
260
136
11
46
9922
9797
9832
46
81
295
414
349
197
80
16
863
74-
681
530
377
277
160
97
980
827
763
610
457
394
241
177
60
«4t
880
727
674
510
357
205
140
24
960
844
22
279
249
22
272
241
213
265
234
20:
252
223
275
246
216
267
236
205
257
226
277
249
221
272
242
211
262
231
200
223
275
247
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
U89
3490
3491
W92
3493
3494
3495
3496
497
498
499
500
7 Asviiia
9861
29.582
168
0.504
3 Jveshtha. .. .
9(191
29.08S
3
0.010
12 Phulguna
9S39
29.517
146
0.439
J Margasireha .
9982
29.945
289
0.867
5 Sravnua . .
9817
29.451
124
0.373
2 Vaisukha....
9960
29.879
267
0.801
10 Pausha . . .
9795
29.386
103
0.308
7 Asvina ....
J9HS
29.814
245
0.736
3 Jyeshtha ....
9773
29.320
81
0.2i2
18 Mar. (77)
7 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
S Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
7 Mar. (76)
17 Mar. (76)
2 PMlgimn....
9916
29.748
223
0.670
8 Karttika....
9752
29.255
59
0.177
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Lunation-parti = lO.OOOM* of a circle. A tithi = '/soM of the moon's synodic revolution
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitrfidi.
Vikrama.
d
b
a
V
>.
la
^ ?,
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
Meshadi (
B
a ^
It
rn
1
B
IS
Id
SI
.2
'A
S
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3321
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
352?
3528
3529
3530
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
—
•
399-400
*400-401
401- 2
402- 3
403- 4
•404- 5
405- 6
406- 7
407- 8
*408- 9
409- 10
410- 11
411- 12
*412- 13
413- 14
414- 15
415- 16
*416- 17
417- 18
418- 19
419- 20
*420- 21
421- 22
422- 23
423- 24
*424- 25
425- 26
426- 27
427- 28
*428- 29
28 Java
4 Ashadha ....
9199
27.597
34
(1.102
3 Jyeshtha ....
9777
29.331
343
1 . 029
32 Vila
33 Vikfc
rin .
8 Karttika . . .
9 Mtirgas.(Ksh)
12 Phfilguna.. ..
9957
20
9859
29.871
0.060
29.577
20
9968
2
0.0601
29.9WJ
0.006J
34 Sarvari
35 Plava
36 Subhakrit
9586
28.758
374
1.122
37 Sobhaua
38 Krodhin
39 Visvftvasu
4 Ashudha
9813
29.439
515
1 . 545
40 Parabhava
42 Kilak"
2 Vaisakha....
9908
29.724
445
1.335
43 Saur
44 Sad!
6 Bhadrapada..
9911
29.733
434
1.302
45 Viro^nl™'
46 Pari
. 47 Pi-ar
uadin
win
4 Ashadha ....
9294
27.882
30
0.090
48 Ana
49 Rukshosa
50 Anala
3 Jyeshtha ....
9949
29.847
542
1.626
51 Ping
52 Kala
ala
yukta
9920
93
9985
29.760
0.279
29.955
154
9955
324
(1.4621
29.868J
0.972
10 Pausha(Kik.)
1 Chaitra
53 Sidd
54 Rauc
harthin . . .
Ira
. 55 Dur
•nati
Inhfai
5 Sravaua
9554
28.662
349
1.047
56 Dun
. . . 57 Rudhirodgarin
THE HINDU CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
(Col. 23) a r= Diilante of moon from sun. (Col. 24) b =. moon's mean anomaly. (Col. 25) c = sun's mean anomaly.
IX
ii. Ai>m:n LUNAR MONTHS
(continued.}
III. COMMKNCKMKNT OK THK
Solar year.
Luni-Sular year (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Name of
month.
TilllC (if tilt
preceding
^•111 !, i
BxproHod in
Time of the
Micrecding
snukrlnti
expressed in
Day
and Miintk
A 1).
(Time of the Mesha
laukriinti )
Day
and Month
A. D.
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of UJJaln.
MODH*I
Airi'.
a.
t.
c.
Week
day.
By the Arya
SidJhanta.
IS
^ '«
C3 ~
i3 E.
VI
15
p
e T1
.2 ^-
Ii
13
£
!d
I!
* t;
31
£-3
Gh. Pa.
11. M.
8a
9a
lOa
lla
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
5 Sravana
9894
29.(iS3
MM
0.605
18 Mar (77)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar (76)
18 Mai
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
18 Mar (77
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (76)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
6 Kri.
OSat.
ISun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5Thnr.
6Fri.
1 Sun.
2Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
6Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
\ \\,.,1.
5 Thur.
6Fri.
OSat.
-' M'Ml.
3 Tnos
t \Vcd.
5 Thur.
OSat.
1 Sun.
•i Mnn
3 Tues.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
OSat.
14 4
29 35
45 6
0 37
16 9
31 40
47 11
2 42
18 14
33 45
49 16
4. 47
20 19
85 50
51 21
6 52
22 14
37 55
53 26
8 57
24 29
40 0
55 31
11 2
26 34
42 5
57 36
13 7
28 39
44 10
5 37
11 50
18 2
0 15
6 27
12 40
18 52
1 5
7 17
13 30
19 42
1 55
8 7
14 20
20 82
2 45
8 57
15 10
21 22
3 35
9 47
16 0
22 12
4 25
10 37
16 50
23 2
5 15
11 27
17 40
23 Ft).
13 Mar. (73)
2 Mar. (61)
19 Pel.
10 Mar. (69)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Mar. (76)
7 Mar. (66)
24 Feb. (55)
14 Mar. (74)
4 Mar (63)
21 Feb. (52)
11 Mar. (70)
29 Feb. (60)
17 Feb. (48)
8 Mar. (67)
26 Feb. (57)
10 Mar. (76)
5 Mar. (64)
22 Feb. (53)
13 Mar. (72)
1 Mar. (61)
18 Feb. (49)
9 Mar. (68)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Feb. (48)
7 Mar. (66)
24 Feb. (55)
15 Mar (74)
3 Mar. (63)
\ \\V,1.
3 Tues.
4 \\ Yd.
8 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
1 Bun.
0 Sat.
5 Thur.
2Mon.
OSat.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
6 Kri.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
5 Thnr.
3 Tues.
1 Sun.
OSat.
lW«i
3 Tnes.
OSat.
182
246
246
2-26
272
94
78
192
©-«
32
306
313
73
304
104
82
201
202
80
84
LM
L»
0-Ji
0-38
85
219
226
134
213
217
.546
.738
.738
.678
.816
.282
.234
.576
— .018
.096
.918
.939
.219
.912
.312
.246
.606
.606
.240
.192
.459
.366
-.ota
-.090
.255
.657
.678
.402
.688
.651
171
206
82
!)'.).-|7
9992
9868
9902
117
9992
27
241
117
9813
27
9903
9938
152
187
G3
9938
9973
9849
.)7-'l
9759
9973
188
222
98
133
s
691
627
474
321
257
104
40
924
771
707
590
438
337
221
68
4
887
824
671
518
454
301
148
84
968
851
787
635
570
418
216
267
8M
206
w
nt
277
249
219
270
242
211
260
231
201
Ul
*M
275
244
213
265
234
203
255
BM
I'.IS
250
219
270
239
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
152.1
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
1 Clmitra
9730
29.189
37
0.111
llO Pausha ....
9872
29.617
180
0.539
6 Bhddrapada..
9708
29.124
15
0.046
1! .lyeshtha
9851
29.552
158
0.474
12 PhiUiimm. ...
9993
29.980
301
0.902
8 Karttika
9829
29.486
136
0.408
5 Sravana
9972
29.915
279
0.837
1 Chaitra
9807
21). 421
114
0.343
llO Pausha
9950
29.849
857
0.771
8 llhfidrnpada..
9785
21). 355
93
0.278
© See Text. Art. 101 above, para. 2.
TABLE T.
Liaiatiou-partt = 10,000/4* of a circle. A tithi = 'MA of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitradi.
Vikrama.
a
Is,
-8S
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sunkrftnti
expressed in
Jleshadi (
B
o -*^~
It
•it
S
§2
a **
15
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
3531
3532
3533
3534
353.J
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
490
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
—
—
429-30
430-31
431-32
*432-33
433-34
434-35
435-36
*436-37
437-38
438-39
439-40
*440-41
441-42
442-43
443-44
*444-45
445-46
446-47
447-48
*448-49
449-50
450-51
451-52
*452-53
453-54
454-55
455-56
*456-57
457-58
458-59
459-60
*460-61
461-62
58 Raktaksha ....
3 Jyeshtha .....
9440
28.320
8
0.024
60 Kshavn
1 Prab
2 Vibh
2 Vaisakha
9870
29.610
462
1.386
3 Sukla ....
6 Bhadrapada..
9895
29.685
502
1.506
4 Ashad,ha
9475
28.425
118
0.354
8 Bh&va
9 Yuvan
3 Jyeshtha
9998
29.994
689
2.067
10 Dhfttri
6 Bhadrapada..
9440
28.320
22
0.066
12 Bahi
13 Prai
9608
28.824
319
0.957
16 Chit
. . 17 Subl
ftnu
3 Jyeshtha ....
9524
28.572
182
0.546
18 Tara
19 Piirthiva
20 Vvava
2 Vaisakha....
9847
29.541
423
1.269
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadhilriu
6 Bhadrapada..
9858
29.574
485
1.455
. . 23 Virodhin
.... 24 Vikrita
25 Khara
4 Ashfidha ....
9663
28.989
291
0.873
26 Nandana
.27 Vijaya- . .
28 Jaya
3 Jyeshtha ....
9670
29.010
674
2.022
29 Man
30 Durinnkhn
6 Bhadrapada..
9398
28.194
28
0.084
'/'///•; ///.\ni' CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
(Col. 23) a =: biitan.ce of moon from »». (Col. 24) b -=^ moon's mean anomaly. (Col. 25) c •=: iun't mean anomaly.
\\
II AUHKI) I.I'NAK MONTHS
(continued.}
III. COMMKNCKMKNT <>l TI1K
Ueu
Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
saiikrfmli
exprrssnl in
.Time of tin-
<lillLr
sai'ikrftnii
expressed in
Day
and Month
A. 1).
(Time of the Meeha
-aiikrfinti )
Dtj
and Month
A. D
Week
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of Ujjaln.
MHOM'S
Age.
a
b.
c.
Week
day.
Hy the Arya
Siddbanta.
Lunatinn
parts, (t.)
3
'ft
Lunation
parts. (/.)
i
3
s
Is
sL .
• T3
0 $
0 =-
3 a
>-3"aJ
11
a
Gh Pa.
II \1.
8a
9a
10a
1 la
12a
13
14
15
17
10
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
3 Jvushtha
II'.L'H
29.784
235
0.706
17 Mar. (76)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
18 Ma
18 Mar. (7 7)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
17 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thnr.
OSat.
ISun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
OSat.
ISun.
8 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
ISun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
6 Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
4 Wed.
5 Thnr.
6 Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
6 Fri.
OSat.
59 41
15 12
30 44
46 15
1 46
17 17
32 49
48 20
3 51
19 22
34 54
50 25
5 56
21 27
3fi 59
52 30
8 1
23 32
39 4
54 35
10 6
25 37
41 9
56 40
12 11
27 42
43 14
58 45
14 16
29 47
45 19
0 50
16 21
23 52
6 5
12 17
18 30
0 42
6 55
13 7
1'J 20
1 32
7 45
13 57
20 10
2 22
8 35
14 47
21 0
3 12
9 25
15 37
21 50
4 2
10 15
16 27
22 40
4 52
11 5
17 17
23 30
5 42
11 55
18 7
0 20
6 32
20 Feb. (51)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
18 Feb. (49)
8 Mar. (67)
26 Feb. (57)
17 Mar. (76)
5 Mar. (65)
22 Feb. (53)
12 Mar. (71)
2 Mar. (61)
19 Feb. (50)
10 Mar. (69)
27 Feb. (58)
18 Mar. (77)
6 Mar. (88)
23 Ffb. (54)
14 Mar (73)
3 Mar. (62)
21 Feb. (52)
11 Mar. (70)
1 Mar. (60)
18 Feb. (49)
8 Mar. (68)
25 Feb. (56)
16 Mar. (75)
5 Mar. (64)
22 Feb. (53)
12 Mar. (71)
2 Mar. (61)
19 Feb. (50)
9 Mar. (69)
27 Feb. (58)
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
5 Thur.
t Wnl
2 Mon.
ISun.
5 Thur
2 Mon.
OSat.
5 Thur
2 Mon.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
2 Mou.
OSat.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
ISun.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
1 Sun.
5 Thur.
4 Wed.
> Mini.
166
192
©-M
98
79
258
304
278
281
17
214
©-16
829
97
115
36
39
124
55
232
219
Ml
122
150
99
186
182
89
96
224
0-31
0-19
l'.)4
. 4!IS
.576
— .an
.279
.237
.774
.912
.834
.843
.051
.642
—.048
.987
.291
.345
.108
.117
.372
.165
.696
.657
.996
.366
.450
.297
.558
.546
.267
.->SS
.971
-.083
-.047
.581
9884
9919
9794
8
43
257
292
168
44
9740
9954
9830
203
79
113
9989
9865
9900
B77B
90S!)
288
114
149
24
59
9935
9811
9845
60
'jnn.-i
9970
185
265
201
48
932
868
751
687
534
881
281
165
12
984
832
767
615
462
398
245
129
64
948
795
731
578
515
861
209
145
28
875
812
695
208
260
229,
801
252
224
275
245
214
262
234
203
257
227
278
247
216
268
237
209
260
232
201
252
221
274
242
211
262
284
804
255
3531
3532
85:;:i
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
11 Magha . ..
9763
29.290
71
0.212
8 Kiirttika ....
9906
29.718
213
0.640
•1 Asha..llia
9741
29.224
49
0.147
1 Chaitra
9884
29.653
192
0.575
"J Margasirsha. .
9720
29.159
27
0.081
6 Bhiidrapada..
9862
29.587
170
0.509
2 VaUukha....
9698
29.093
5
0.016
11 Magha . .
9841
29.522
148
0.444
8 Kftrttika
9983
29.950
291
0.872
4 Ashftdha ....
9819
29.456
126
0.378
1 Chaitra
99Gi
29.885
26U
0.807
9 Margaalrsha. .
97«7
29.3'Jl
104
0.313
0 See Teit. Art. 101 above, para. 2.
XII
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Lunation-parts •=. 10,OOOM$ of a circle. A tithi = 'j-iotA of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali
Saka
ll
•P
^n
b
•
ll
sj
3
J3
3
s
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
. Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
cipressed in
O>
§2
14
3|
'«
j3
£
11
II
13
H
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
356
356
:! •> 6
851
356
356
357
357
357
857
357
357
357
357
357
357
358
358
388
358
358
358
358
358
358
358
359
359
359
3893
3594
3595
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
520
521
—
—
462-63
463-64
•464-65
465-66
466-67
467-68
*468-69
469-70
470-71
471-72
*472-73
473-74
474-75
475-76
*476-77
477-78
478-79
479-80
*480-81
481-82
482-83
483-84
*484-85
485-86
486-87
487-88
*488-89
489-90
490-91
491-92
*492-93
493-94
31 Hemalamba
32 Vilamba
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
548
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
33 Vikarin...
5 Sravana
9758
29.274
371
1.113
34 Sarvari
35 Plava
36 Subhakrit
3 Jyeshtha
9518
28.554
268
0.804
37 Sobhana
38 Krodhin
39 Visv(
vasu
Jhava . . .
•2 Vai^'ikha ....
9914
29.742
409
1.227
40 Para
6 Bhadrapada. .
9876
29.628
443
1.329
42 Kilaka
43 Saumya
44 Sadharana
4 Ashaclha
9783
29.349
482
1.446
45 Virodhakrit
46 Paridhavin
47 Pramadin
3 Jyeshtha
9937
29.811
712
2.136
48 Ananda
49 Ritkshasa.
7 As '
9984
29.952
385
1.155
50 Anala
51 Ping
ilal)...
53 Siddharthin
5 Si-1
9953
29.859
521
1.563
54 Raudra
55 Durmati . .
56 Dundubhi
3 Jyeshtha
9476
28.428
261
0.783
57 Rudhirodgarin ....
58 Raktaksha |
8 Karttika
10 Pauiha, (Kak.)
1 Chaitra
9928
64
9887
29.784
0.192
29.661
86
9950
73
0.2581
29.850J
0.219
59 Krodhana
60 Kshaya
1 Prabhava
6 Bheldrapada..
9993
29.979
472
1.416
2 Vibhava
3 Sukla
J) KSlayukta, No. 52, was suppressed.
'/•//A' 1I1MH! CAI.I-..\nAR.
TABLE I.
Mil
':i| // -- - Itistin/i-i- af moon from sun. (Col. 24) b — moon's mean anomaly. (Col. 25) c = »un's menu anomaly.
11. ADDED LI'NAH MONTHS
(continued.)
III. CO.M.MKVKMKNT HI' TI1K
Mean
Solar year.
Lnni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitn Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
\,-iii.
month.
Thin- of the
preceding
^uikrAnti
rxprr^nl 111
Time of the
BQCOI
rinti
r\|IH
Dtj
and Month
\. 1).
(Time of the Mesha
sarikrfmti.)
Day
and Mouth
A. D.
Week
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of UJjaln.
Moon's
Age.
a.
4.
e.
Week
day.
By tin
Nihlhfiiita.
jS
C3 en
Jj
£
a C?
o *-^
ra .,',
3 =
31
2
B
Is
£• .
• -w
§1
SI
n
Gh Pa
II M.
8a
9a
lOa
lla
12a
13
14
15
17
ie
2O
21
22
23
24
25
1
18 Mar. (77
18 Mar. (77)
1* Mar. (78)
18 Mai-. (77)
IS Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
18M;i
18 Mar. (77)
IS Mar. (78)
18M»r.(77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. ^771
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (7 7)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar (77)
1 Scm.
L' MM,.
4 Wed.
SThur
« Kri.
OSat.
i' Uoa.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 MOD.
3 Tues.
5 Thur.
6 Kri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
i Thur.
oFri.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
I \V,.,1.
6 Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
3 Tuei.
I \Vnl.
"> Thur.
:il 52
47 24
2 55
18 26
33 5?
49 29
5 0
20 31
36 2
51 34
7 5
22 36
38 7
53 39
9 10
24 41
40 12
55 44
11 15
26 46
42 17
57 49
13 20
28 51
44 22
59 54
15 25
30 56
46 27
1 59
17 30
33 1
12 45
18 57
1 10
7 22
13 35
19 47
i 0
8 12
14 25
20 37
i 50
9 2
15 15
21 27
3 40
9 52
16 5
22 17
4 30
10 42
16 55
23 7
5 20
11 32
17 45
23 57
6 10
12 22
18 35
0 47
7 0
18 12
18 Mar. (77
7 Mar. (66
24 Feb. (55
14 Mar. (78)
8Mur.(M
21 Feb. (52)
11 Mar. (71)
28 Feb. (59)
18 Feb. (49)
8 Mar. (67)
26 Feb. (57)
15 Mar. (74)
5 Mar. (64)
22 Feb. (53)
12 Mar. (72)
2 Mar. Hi
19 Feb. (50)
10 Mar. (69)
27 Feb. (68)
17 Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
18 Mtr. (78)
3 Mar. (62)
21 Feb. (52)
12 Mar. (71)
29 Feb. (60)
17 Feb. (48)
8 Mar. (67)
25 Feb. (56)
.5 Mar. (75)
4 Mar. iG3i
1 Sun.
5 Thur
2 Mon.
1 Suit
5 Thur
3 Tues.
•2 Mon.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
2 Mon
OSat.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
ISun.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
1 Sun.
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
OFri.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
ISun.
5 Thur.
257
255
235
285
110
280
208
7
246
6
321
83
319
120
99
216
44
91
71
164
132
0-7
®— 14
102
233
239
144
143
227
177
207
3-7
.771
.7fi5
.705
.855
.330
.690
.624
.021
.738
.018
.963
.249
.957
.360
.297
.648
.132
.273
.213
.492
396
— .031
-.M2
306
699
717
432
429
681
531
621
-.011
219
95
9970
5
!)SS1
95
130
5
220
9916
130
9826
41
JUKI
9951
165
41
76
9951
9986
9861
9737
9772
I'JSli
201
235
111
9987
21
9897
iiiSi
9807
631
478
326
261
109
992
928
775
659
558
442
342
225
72
9
892
739
675
522
458
306
153
89
972
856
792
639
486
422
269
205
52
278
247
216
268
287
209
260
229
201
250
US
270
242
211
263
235
204
255
224
276
245
214
265
287
209
260
230
IM
250
219
271
240
3564
3505
3560
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
357G
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
i.V.H
t&gi
3594
3595
6 BhAdrapiiihi
9940
29.819
247
0.741
:.' VaisAkha....
9775
82
0.247
11 MM [ha . . .
9918
ill. 754
225
0.676
7 A>\ in;i . . .
9753
29.260
61
0.182
-I A-liA.llia ....
9896
29.688
203
0.610
1:-' 1'hAlguna... .
9731
29.194
39
0.116
9 Margasirsha .
9874
ill.tiiH
182
0.545
5 Srilvai.ia
1710
29.129
17
0.051
2 VnisAkha....
9853
i9.557
160
0.479
Ill MAgha
9995
29.985
803
0.908
'. in:l
J831
29.492
138
0.414
19 Mar. (78)
IS Mm-. (78)
18 Mir. (77)
© See Text. Art. 101 above, para. •>.
XIV
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Lunation-parts •=. 10,QQOtAs of a circle. A (Mi =r '/sott of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitrftdi.
Vikrama.
3
jj
II
1
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankr&nti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
saiikranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
saiikr&nti
expressed in
§2
<M
a s,
03
|
§2
I 'I
aj
15
'ff
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
B025
3626
3627
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
—
—
494- 95
495- 96
*496T 97
497- 98
498- 99
499-500
*500- 1
501- 2
502- 3
503- 4
*504- 5
505- 6
506- 7
507- 8
•508- 9
509- 10
510- 11
511- 12
*512--13
513- 14
514- 15
515- 16
•516- 17
517- 18
518- 19
519- 20
*520- 21
521- 22
522- 23
523- 24
•524- 25
525- 26
4 Pran
ioda
4 Ashaclha ....
9803
29 . 409
610
1.830
5 Praj
6 Ang
Ipati
ras . . .
7 Srimukha ...
3 Jyeshtha ....
9982
29.946
681
2.043
8 Bhava
... 9 YUVL
9988
29.964
348
1.044
10 Dhatri
11 Isvara
12 Bahudhftuva
4 Ashaclha ....
9336
28.008
109
0.327
13 Pramathin
14 Vikrama
15 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhauu .
3 Jyeshtha
9487
28.461
219
0.657
.. . . 17 Subhanu.
12 PhMguna....
9983
29.949
52
0.156
18 Tai-ana
19 Parthiva
20 Vyaya . .
9597
28.791
184
0.552
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadh&rin
23 Virodhin
4 Ashadha
9764
29.292
635
1.905
24 Vikrita
25 Khara
26 Nandana
2 Vaisakha....
9737
29.211
122
0.366
27 Vijava
28 Jaya
29 Man
6 Bhiidrapada..
9648
28.944
78
0.234
matha. . .
30 Durmukha
31 Hemalamba
4 Ashadha ....
9310
27.930
167
0.501
32 Vilamba
33 Vikarin
34 Sarvari
3 Jyeshtha ....
9598
28.794
229
0.687
35 Plava
'/•//A' II I Mil' CM I:\HAR.
T A I', I, K I.
(Co/. 23) a — Distance of moon from tun. (Col. 24) b = meow'* we«» anomaly. (Col. 25) r :^ ,»«»'* »<ea« antimtilt/.
\v
II AUDKI) I.I \ \l( MONTHS
feonfr'nttwtf.,)
III. COM.MKM K.MKNT OK THE
Mean.
Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla Irt.)
Kali.
Name nf
month.
Time of tne
preoediu;.;
sai'ikrjnii
expressed in
Time nf the
sueeeeilillir
smlu-anti
expressed in
Dq
and Mimth
A. D.
(Time of the Mesha
nil IE rant i )
Day
and Mouth
A. D.
Wed
day.
At HunrUe on
m.-ridiuii "t rjjaiu.
Moon's
Age.
a.
*.
c.
Week
day.
By the Arya
SiddhAntii.
Lunatiuu
parts. (/.)
'3
&
§2
1-a
SI
2
Ja
&
i*
•si
a B.
3JS
J a.
s-t
^ '&.
""" —
- 'v
Gh. Pa.
II. M.
8a
9a
lOa
lla
12a
13
14
15
17
ie
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
4 Asha'.lha
9973
29.920
281
0.842
18 Mar. (77)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
19 : Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
18 Mar. (77)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
1'.) Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (7 8
18 Mar. (78
is Mar A7 7
19 Mar. (78
19 Mar. (78
18 Mar. (78
IS Mar. (77
i Kri.
1 Sun
2 Mon.
} Tucs.
4 Wed.
6Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
4 Wed.
5 Thar.
6 Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
OSat.
ISun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
5 Thur
6 Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
48 32
4 4
19 35
35 6
50 37
6 9
21 40
37 11
52 42
8 14
23 45
39 16
54 47
10 19
25 50
41 21
56 52
12 24
27 55
43 26
58 57
14 29
30 0
45 31
1 '2
16 34
32 5
47 36
3 7
18 39
34 10
49 41
19 25
1 37
7 50
14 2
20 15
2 27
8 40
14 52
21 5
3 17
9 30
15 42
21 55
4 7
10 20
16 32
22 45
4 57
11 10
17 22
23 35
5 47
12 0
18 12
0 25
6 37
12 50
19 2
1 15
7 27
l:t K
19 52
22 Keb. (53)
13 Mar. (72)
2 Mar. (62)
19 Feb. (50)
10 Mar. (69)
27 Feb. (58)
16 Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
14 Mar. (73)
3 Mar. (63)
21 Feb. (52)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
18 Mar. (78)
7 Mar. (66)
25 Feb. (56)
16 Mar. (75)
4 Mar. (64)
22 Feb. (58)
13 Mar. (72)
2 Mar. (61)
19 Feb. (50)
9 Mar. (68)
26 Feb. (57)
17 Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (66)
23 Feb. (54)
14 Mar. (73)
4 Mar. (63)
21 Feb. (52)
11 Mar. (70)
\ Tues
•_' Mm
OSat
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
5 Thur
4 Wed.
1 Sun.
6 Fri.
5 Thur
2 Mon.
fi Kri
5 Thur
2 Mon.
1 Sun
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
2 Mem
OSat
I \Vecl.
3 Tues.
109
96
271
206
287
289
29
229
0-i
0-24
112
311
47
48
135
68
248
236
0-18
137
162
108
116
192
101
110
242
©-»
0-»
204
174
264
.327
.288
.813
.618
.861
.867
.087
.687
-.009
-.07J
.336
.933
.141
.144
.405
.204
.744
.708
-.054
.411
.486
.324
.348
.576
.303
.330
.726
—.016
-.016
.612
. 522
.792
22
57
271
147
181
57
9753
9967
9843
9878
92
306
2
9878
9912
9788
1
37
9913
128
162
38
9913
9'.) ^
9824
9858
73
(111 t'.
O'.lSIt
197
73
108
936
872
756
603
539
386
286
169
16
952
836
719
619
466
402
249
133
69
916
799
736
583
430
366
213
149
33
880
816
699
547
488
212
263
235
204
255
225
273
141
214
265
237
209
258
227
278
2 IS
211)
271
240
212
263
232
201
253
222
273
245
214
Ml
238
m
J596
i
3598
3599
3600
3(101
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3021
Mat
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
12 Phfilguna
9809
29.426
116
0.348
9 Margasirsha. .
9951
29.854
259
0.777
5 Sravana
9787
29.361
94
0.283
2 Vaisakha....
9930
29.789
237
0.711
10 Pausha
9765
29.295
78
0.217
9908
29.724
215
0.646
3 Jyeshtha ....
9743
29.230
51
0.152
U1 1'lialguna
9886
29.658
193
0.580
8 KArttika
9721
29.164
29
0.086
5 Sn'ivai.ia
9864
29.593
172
0.515
1 Chnitra
'.•700
29.099
7
0.021
® See Text, Art. 101, para. 2.
XVI
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
I. u mi lion-parts — 10,OOOM* of a circle. A lithi = 'jiutA of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
kali
Siika
(,'liaitradi.
Vikl'ama.
H
ll
O B
•3
3
S,
Kullam.
\. 1).
S;iinva(s:ira.
True.
(Southern.)
Brilia-pali
cycle
(Northern)
ni rrent
at Mesha
sankrunti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
sankr§nti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
o ^,
li
»
'M
IS
li
13
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3628
3629
3631
3631
8682
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3643
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
591
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
—
—
526-27
527-28
*528-29
529-30
530-31
531-32
*532-33
533-34
534-35
535-36
*53f>-37
537-38
538-39
539-40
*540-41
541-42
542-43
543-44
•544-45
545-46
546-47
547-48
*548-49
549-50
550-51
551-52
*552-53
553-54
554-55
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobh""n
8 Karttika
10 Pauska(Ksti.)
12 Pbalguna.. . .
9878
15
9998
29.634
0.045
29.994
28
9998
126
0.084
29.994
0.378
38 Krod
... 39 Visv
ivasu
5 Sravana
9691
29.073
364
1.092
40 Para
42 Kflaka
4 Ashadha
9747
29.241
596
1.788
43 Sau myu
44 Sadharana
45 Viroi
46 Parii
47 Prari
. 4S Anai
lhakrit . . .
2 Vaisakha ....
9909
29.727
320
0.960
hiivin. . . .
adin
da
6 Bhiidrapada . .
9844
29.532
260
0.780
49 Haks
.... 50 Anal
i
ila. . ...
4 Ashadha
9277
27.831
146
0.438
51 Ping
... 52 Kalai
•nkta. . .
53 Siddharthin
3 Jyeshtha
9784
29.352
340
1.020
54 Raudra . .
S Karttika
10 Pamha(Ksh.)
12 Phalguna... .
9965
30
9958
29.895
0.090
29.874
55
9961
110
(1.165
29.883
0.330
56 Dundubhi
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raklakslia
5 Sravana
9690
29.070
457
1.371
59 Krodhana
60 Kshava
1 Pnibhava
4 Ashailha
9824
29.472
577
1.731
2 Vibhava
3 Sukla
i \aisakha
9990
29.970
482
1.446
7'7/A /// \'/>t CAl ENDAR.
T.\ It I, K I.
\\M
(Col. 23) a -=. Distance of moon from sun. (Col. 24) b = moon's mean unnmaly. (Col. 25) r = sun a mean anomaly.
II AUDKD LUNAR MONTHS
(continued.)
111. rOMMKACKMKNT OF TIIK
Mi in.
Solar yi-ar.
I.uni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Name uf
month.
Time- uf the
pivrrilinj;
sankriinti
•cA in
Tim.' III' till!
sun-ceilinir
sankntnti
c\|ir.-sed in
Dq
ami Mouth
\. 1».
(Time of the Meaha
sarikranti.)
Day
and Month
A. D.
fftak
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of Ujjaln.
ICoon'i
Age.
a.
b.
c.
Week
day.
lt\ Hie Arya
SiiMhAnta.
1-
ffl .},
§1
^ g.
2
§
IS
It
<fi
j3
p
sS
c.
si
o eu
Z*
11
^ V
Gh. Pa.
II. M.
8a
9a
lOa
lla
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
1
10 Pal^llll
9842
L'9.527
150
0.449
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar (78)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
111 MM. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (77)
111 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
5 Thur
6 Kri.
OSat.
ISun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Tbur.
8 Fri.
1 Sun.
•2 Mou.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
6Fri.
OSat.
ISun.
2Mon.
4 Wed.
5 Thar.
6 Fri.
18m.
8 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
6 Fri.
OSat.
ISun.
2 Mon.
4 Wed
5 Thur
-i U'
20 44
36 15
51 46
7 17
•2-2 41)
38 20
53 51
9 22
24 54
40 25
55 56
Jl 27
26 59
42 30
58 1
13 32
29 4
44 35
0 6
15 37
31 1)
46 40
2 11
17 42
33 14
48 45
4 16
19 47
2 5
8 17
14 30
20 42
2 55
9 7
15 20
21 32
3 -15
9 57
16 10
22 22
4 35
10 47
17 0
23 12
5 25
11 37
17 50
0 2
6 15
12 27
18 40
0 5-
7 5
13 17
19 30
1 42
7 55
K IVI>. (59)
19 Mar. (78)
7 Mar. (67)
25 Feb. (56)
16 Mar. (75)
5 Mar. (64)
•23 Feb. (54)
12 Mar. (71)
2 Mar. (61)
19 Feb. (50)
9 Mar. (69)
26 Feb. (57)
17 Mar. (76)
7 Mar. (66)
24 Feb. (55)
14 Mar. (73)
3 Mar. (62)
20 Feb. (51)
10 Mar. (70)
27 Feb. (58)
18 Mar. (77)
8 Mar. (67)
26 Feb. (57)
16. Mar. (75)
.', Mar. (64)
22 Fel.
12 Mar. (72)
1 Mar. (60)
18 Feb. (49)
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
ISun.
0 Sat.
4 Wed
2 Mon.
OSat.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
1 San.
5 Thur.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
6 Fri
5 Thur
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
5 Thur
2 Mon.
ISun.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
4 Wed.
247
298
126
245
225
K
256
15
330
297
333
136
116
232
56
102
81
88
145
8
3
119
247
255
155
151
237
188
26
.741
.894
.378
.735
u; :,
.066
.768
.01:,
.990
.891
.999
.408
.318
.696
.168
.306
.243
.249
.435
.024
. ooii
.357
.741
.765
.465
.453
.711
.564
.078
ynst
18
9894
10R
143
19
233
9929
143
19
54
9930
9964
178
54
89
9965
9840
9875
9751
9785
0
214
219
124
0
35
9910
9786
330
266
113
ll'.lti
932
780
663
446
293
230
77
13
896
743
679
527
374
310
157
93
976
860
796
643
490
426
274
121
227
27*
248
220
271
240
212
261
232
202
253
222
273
245
215
266
235
204
256
225
276
248
220
271
240
209
281
230
199
3tlL'K
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
363U
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3658
3654
3655
3656
7 \sviua
9985
29.955
80S
0.877
8 Jyeshtha. . . .
9821
29.462
128
0.384
12 Phalguna....
9963
29.890
271
0.812
8 Karttika
9799
29.396
106
0.318
5 Sr'ivami
9941
29.824
249
0.746
1 Chaitra
9777
29.331
84
0.253
10 Pausha
9920
29.7")9
227
0.681
6 Bhildrauada ..
9755
29.265
62
0.187
:i .l\f>hiha
0888
29.693
205
0.615
11 MAgha
9733
M.MX
41
0.122
XVH1
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Luna lion-parti — 10,OOOMs of a circle. A tithi = ^\mih of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitraili.
. Yikrama.
g
1
II
•3
i>
Kollani.
A. D.
Siiinvatsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
I Northern)
current
at Mesha
sanknmti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankrfinti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankrfmti
expressed in
It
H
^ S.
H
1
2
3
3a
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
366?
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
613
614
6)5
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
—
—
555-56
*556-57
557-58
558-59
559-60
'560-61
561-62
562-63
563-64
'564-65
B65-66
566-67
567-68
*568-69
569-70
570-71
571-72
'572-73
573-74
574-75
575-76
*576-77
577-78
578-79
579-80
*580-81
581-82
582-83
583-84
*584-85
585-86
5 Prajapati . . ...
6 Bhadrapada..
9970
29.910
448
1.344
7 Srimukha
8 Bhava
9 Yuvan
4 Ashaclha
9320
27.960
108
0.324
... 10 Dhatri
12 Bahudhanya
3 Jyeshtha ....
9967
29.901
527
1.581
... 13 Pramathin ... .
7 Asvina
9921
104
9948
29.763
0.312
29.844
140
9989
70
0.420
29.967
0.210
10 Pausha(Ksh.)
12 Phalguna.. ..
15 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhami
17 Subhanu !)....
5 Sravana
9648
28.944
455
1.365
19 Parthiva. .
. 20 Vyaya
4 Ashai.lha ....
9993
29.979
648
1.944
22 Sarv
23 Virodbin . .
24 Vikrita
2 Vaisakha
9980
29.940
551
1.653
25 Khar*. - -
26 Xanc
27 Vijay
ana
6 Bhadrapada..
9997
29.991
567
1.701
.29 Man
natha
4 Ashfic.lha
9462
28.386
144
0.432
30 Dun
31 Hem
32 Vilamba
2 Vaisakha....
9522
28.566
71
0.213
33 Vikarin
34 Sarvari
6 Bhadrapada..
9530
28.590
71
0.213
.... 35 Plavs
.36 Subh
•ikrit
!) Tarana, No. 18, was suppressed.
THE HIND U C A LEND. ! A1, xix
TABLE I.
(Col. 23) « =: Distance of moon from nun. (Co/. 21) 6 z= moon's m <>ly. (Col. 25) c — mn'i mean anomaly.
11 ADDED LUNAR MONTHS
( fi>n/nt<fi'(t.j
III. niMMKNCKMKNT OF TIIK
Mean.
Solar year
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Name of
month.
Time of the
pnn-ilint;
sankrunti
expressed in
Time of the
siirrrrdillK
sankriinti
expressed in
Day
and Month
A. 1).
(Time of the Mesha
saukranti.)
Day
anil Month
A. D.
Week
day.
At Sunrise on
morldiiui of ITiJalu.
Moon's
f.
*
c.
Week
d.y.
By the Ana
Siddhanta.
JS
I!
«
15
£
a ^
o ^
It
/
3
£
cc
1 .
-1
11
nJ u
It
£•3
Gh. Pa
11. M
8a
Oa
10a
lla
12a
13
14
16
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
L9Mtr.(78
18 Mar. (78
1'.) Mar. (78
19 Mar. (78
19 Mar. (78
18 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19. Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
18 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (79)
9 Mar. (78)
9 Mar. (78)
'.) Mar. (78)
9 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
6 Fri.
OSat.
2Mon
3 Tiu-s
1 \\>d.
SThur
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon
3 Tnes
5 Thur
6 Fri.
OSat.
ISnn.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
) Thur
6 Fri.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
1. Wnl.
5 Thnr.
)Fri.
Sun.
1 Mon.
35 19
50 5(
6 21
21 52
37 24
52 55
8 26
23 57
39 29
55 0
10 31
26 2
41 34
57 5
12 36
28 7
43 39
59 10
14 41
30 12
45 44
1 15
16 46
32 1?
47 49
3 20
18 51
34 22
49 54
5 25
20 56
14 7
20 20
2 3:.
8 45
14 .r
21 10
3 2:.
9 35
15 47
22 0
4 12
10 25
16 37
22 50
5 2
11 15
17 27
23 40
5 52
12 5
18 17
0 30
6 42
12 53
19 7
1 20
7 32
13 43
19 57
2 10
8 22
9 Mar. (68
27 Feb. (58
17 Mar. (76
7 Mar. (66
24 Feb. (55
14 Mar. (74
3 Mar. (62
20 Feb. (51
11 Mar. (70
28 Feb. (59)
18 Mar. (77)
8 Mar. (67)
26 Feb. (57)
15 Mar. (75)
4 Mar. (63)
21Feb (52)
12 Mar. (71)
1 Mar. (61)
18 Feb. (49)
9 Mar. (68)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Mar. (77)
fi Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
14 Mar. (73)
2 Mar. (62)
20 Feb. (51)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
8 Mar. (78)
8 Mar. (67)
3 Tues
ISun.
OSat.
5 Thnr
LJ Mini.
1 Sun.
5 Thur
2 Mon.
ISun.
5 Thur
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
OSat.
5 Thnr
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
-> Thur.
4 Wed.
Sun.
3 Sat.
Thur.
1
124
112
284
214
296
300
229
245
16
©-«
127
322
58
57
37
82
262
21
0-J
150
175
118
126
203
114
278
258
9
10
217
.033
.372
.336
.852
.642
.888
.900
.68"
.735
.048
-.01
.381
.966
.174
.171
.111
.246
.786
.063
— .CM
.450
.525
.354
.378
no'.i
342
834
774
027
030
651
982
3
70
284
160
194
70
!)94I
9981
9S5P
9891
105
319
16
9891
9767
9802
16
9892
9926
141
175
51
i'J27
I'.Mil
9837
51
86
!Hi2
996
211
57
940
876
760
607
54:
ttt
237
173
21
957
840
723
623
470
318
254
137
984
920
804
740
587
434
870
218
101
87
884
820
704
250
222
274
246
21o
2C,|
235
205
256
225
276
248
220
269
238
207
258
230
199
251
223
274
243
212
264
233
205
256
225
277
248
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3G72
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
J682
3683
36S4
685
686
687
8 Kfirttika . . .
987f
29.628
183
0.560
4 AshiVUia
9711
29.134
19
0.056
1 Chaitra
9854
29.562
161
0.484
10 Pansha
9997
29.991
304
0.913
6 Blifidrnpada .
9832
29.497
140
0.419
3 Jvfshtha
9975
29.925
282
0.847
11 MAiiha . .
9810
29.431
118
0.8M
S karttika
MSI
29.860
261
0.782
1 Asha.lha
9788
29.366
96
0.288
1 Chailra
1981
29.794
189
0.716
9 MArgaslrsha .
9767
29.300
74
0.223
© Sec Text Art 101 above,
XX
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Lunation-parts =z 10,000tts of a circle. A tithi zr '/soM of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
3" ce
a 1
-
Kul la MI.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
II
•£, v
-3
«B
1
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
Id C?
3 't
B
c~ ,'
11
.2
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
8716
371"
3718
371!
509
510
512
513
514
515
516
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
—
—
586- 87
587- 88
*588- 89
589- 90
590- 91
591- 92
*592- 93
593- 94
37 Sobliana
5 Sr&vana
9654
28.962
416
1.248
38 Krodhin ...
39 Visvfivasu
40 Parabhava
3 Jyeshtha
9581
28.743
189
0.567
42 Kilaka
2 Vaisfikha....
9938
29.814
527
1.581
44 Sadharava
^417
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
652
~653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
1
'
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
—
594-95)
6 Bhadrapada..
9960
29.880
584
1.752
46 Ptri
—
595- 96
*596- 97
597- 98
598- 99
599-600
*600- 1
601- 2
602- 3
603- 4
»604- 5
605- 6
606- 7
607- 8
•608- 9
609- 10
610- 11
611- 12
*612- 13
613- 14
614- 15
615- 16
•616- 17
617- 18
4 Ashutlha ....
9679
29.037
281
0.843
49 Rak
2 Vaisakha
9482
28.446
76
0.228
52 Kali
53 Sidd
Vi6rt)iin
6 Bhidrapada..
9506
28.518
119
0.357
54 Raudra
5 Sravana
9759
29.277
418
1.254
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
58 Raktaksha
3 Jyeshtha
9613
28.839
323
0.969
.... 60 Kshava
1 Prabhava |
8 Karttika
9 Miifga's.(Ksh:
•2 Vaisakha . . .
9960
30
9954
29.880
0.090
29.862
30
9937
492
0.090]
29.811J
1.476
2 Vibhava . .
3 Sukla
fi Bhtidrapada.
9940
29.820
541
1.635
7 Srimukha
4 AshiVlha . . .
9819
29.457
476
1.428
8 Bhava
Till: ///.\7>r CALENDAR. x
TA IJLK I.
' ul. 25) r — ,»««'* »)»/
11. AJtDKI) I.INAK MONTHS
/.^ .
III. ciiMMIArKMKNT OF T1IK
HMO.
Solar \ear
I.nni-Solar jear. (Civil day of Chaitn Snkla 1st.)
Kali.
Name of
month.
Time of the
'line;
sai'ikrauti
expreSM'il in
Time of the
ilinir
sank
Day
and Month
A. I).
('rime of tin' Mcsha
sai'ikranti.)
Dq
and Month
A. D.
day.
At Hunrisn on
meridian of Ujjain.
Moon's
a.
6.
e.
Week
day.
Hv I he Ana
Siddhanta.
§S
It
£
13
ft
§2
h
3
H
|s
it
= ee
HJTj
II
S-3
Gh.Pa
II. M
8a
9a
lOa
lla
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
tb&dnpada..
9911
29.729
217
0.081
19 Mar. (78
1!) Mar. (78
19 Mar. (79
111 MM. (78
19 Mar. (78
1!) Mar. (78
19 Mar. (79
19 Mar. (78
HIM
19 Mar. (78
19 Mar. (79
IS) Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
111 Mar. (78)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
20 Mar. (79)
11) Mar. (Til
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar (78)
20 Mar. (79)
11 M;,r.(79)
19 .Mar. (78)
1'J Mar. (78)
2(1 Mar. (79)
11 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
(i Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
1 \\Y'I
5 Thur
(i Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 M.HI.
4 Wed
5 Thur
6 Fri
OSat.
-' Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
") Thur.
I Sit
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
o Thur.
6 Fri.
OSat.
3d 2"
:,i .v.
7 3(
23 1
38 3:.
9 35
25 (
40 37
5d 9
11 40
27 11
•12 t-
58 14
13 45
29 If
44 47
0 19
31 21
46 52
2 24
17 55
33 20
48 57
4 2!)
20 0
35 31
51 2
6 34
22 5
37 36
14 35
20 4-
3 0
9 l!.
15 2:
21 87
3 5f
10 L
Id ir
22 2"
4 40
10 52
17 5
23 17
5 30
11 42
17 5r
0 7
6 20
18 45
0 57
7 10
13 22
19 35
1 47
8 0
14 12
20 25
2 37
8 50
15 2
25 Feb. (5fi)
Iti Mar. (75
4,Mnr.(64
21 Feb. (52
1:-' Mar. (71
2 Mar. (61
19 Feh. (50
9 Mar. (68
b. (58
17 Mar. (76
5 Mar. (65
23 Feh. (54)
13 Mar. (72
3 Mar. (62
21 Feb. (52)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
19 Mar. (78)
7 Mar. (67)
2 4 Feb. (55)
15 Mar. (74)
4 Mar. (63)
22 Feb. (53)
12 Mar. (71)
2 Mar. (61)
19 Feb. (50)
8-Mar. (69)
26Feb (57)
7 Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (65)
.3 Feb. (54)
3 Mar. (72)
2 Mon
1 Sun.
5 Thur
2 Mon
1 Sun.
3 Tucs
2 Mon
0 Sat.
5 Thur
2 Mon
OSat.
5 Thur
3 Tues
ISun.
OSat.
1. \V,.,1.
3 Tuei.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
)S«t.
5 Thor.
t Wed
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
) Thur.
2 Mon.
San.
Thur.
Mon.
Sun.
183
273
258
141
141
262
26
81
265
24
29
308
0-0
152
270
249
67
115
91
92
157
22
160
135
261
110
166
159
217
201
40
28
51'
.81!
.774
.423
.423
.786
.078
.105
.795
.072
.087
.924
-.000
456
.810
.747
.201
.345
.273
.276
.471
.066
.480
.405
.783
330
4M
477
741
603
120
084
87
121
9997
9872
990"
122
9997
32
246
9942
9817
82
(1728
9943
157
192
67
LOS
9978
9854
9888
9764
9978
13
227
103
138
13
48
9924
799
834
551
48-
834
181
117
848
784
668
567
414
298
198
81
!lf,5
900
748
684
531
378
314
161
45
981
Sfi!
711
648
495
431
278
125
61
218
M9
238
207
259
230
MM
251
223
271
241
212
261
283
205
•>:,(
225
277
246
215
BM
230
208
259
231
200
251
220
272
241
210
261
3688
36S9
3690
3691
3692
:i(i9:f
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
mi
!712
3713
1714
1711
5716
3717
3718
5719
2 Vai»fikha....
9745
2'.) . 237
52
0.157
11 Mfi-ha ...
8888
29.663
I'.ir
0.585
7 Asvina
9723
29.170
n
0.092
4 Asha.lha ....
9866
29.598
173
0.520
12 Phfll-nna....
9701
29.104
9
0.026
9 M&rgasirsha .
9844
151
o. i:.t
<i I'.h'ulrapada..
29.961
294
0.883
2 Vai.vikha....
9822
.".I. KIT
130
0.389
Ill M:V'llll
9965
29.895
272
0.817
9800
29.401
108
0.323
1 \shfi.lha
9943
29.830
251
0.76S
0 See TOM. Art. 101 above, jmra 2.
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Lunation-parts = 10,000/As of a circle. A litki — '/aott of the moon's synodic revolution.
\. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka
"3 OJ
11
a
1.
I!
4|
•5
<SS
ia
•
W
"
Kollam.
A. 1).
Sainvatsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankr&nti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in'
o;*
S3
~ t^
z a
2
'3
&
I2
«
jfl
'&
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
3720
3721
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
5fi7
568
569
570
571
572
076
677
fiTb
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
58
54
55
56
—
618-19
619-20
'620-21
621-22
622-23
623-24
•624-25
625-26
626-27
627-28
*628-29
629-30
630-31
631-32
*632-33
633-34
634-35
635-36
*636-37
637-38
638-39
639-40
*640-41
641-42
642-43
643-44
*644-45
645-46
646-47
647-48
*648-49
649-50
9 Yuvan
. ... 10 Dhatri
2 Vaisakha....
9469
28.407
35
0.105
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
8741
8742
3743
:!74t
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
11 Isvara
... 12 Bahudhanva
6 Bhadrapada . .
9467
28.401
92
0.276
13 Pramathin
14 Vikrama
15 Vrisha
5 Sravana
9942
29.826
520
1.560
16 Chitrabhanu
17 Sublutnu
18 Tarana
3 Jyeshtha
9580
28.740
358
1.074
19 PSrthiva
20 Vyay
. 21 Sarvi
a <
7 Asvina
10 PtMsh<t(Ksh)
1 Chaitra
9640
101
9870
28.920
0.303
29.610
19
9968
70
0.057]
29. 904 j
0.210
iit, . .
22 Sarvadharin
23 Virodhin.. . .
9406
28.218
7
O.D21
24 Vikrita
25 Khara
26 Nand
ana
i. .
4 AshiVlha ....
9890
29.670
644
1.932
. 27 Viiav
28 Jaya
29 Manmatha ...
2 Vaisukha
9551
28.653
31
0.093
30 Durmukha
6 Bhfidrapada..
9504
28.512
60
0.180
32 Vilamba
33 Vikariu
34 Siirvai-i
4 Ashmlha ....
9408
28.224
129
0.387
... 35 Plava
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana
3 Jyeshtha
9555
28.665
323
0.969
38 Krodhin
8 Karttika
9994
29.982
171
0.513
40 1'ariibhava
THE HIND U CA I. i:\DAR. x x
TABLE 1.
'.'») it = Distance of moon from tun. (Col. 24) b =z: moon's mean unomuly. (Col. 25) r = nn'i mean anomaly.
II. ADDKI) MJNAR MONTHS
f<ro»/i««i«£^
III. OiMMi;\CKMK\T OK THE
Mean.
Solar year.
I.mii-Sular year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukl
Kali.
Name of
month.
Tim.' of the
preceding
sankrfmti
expressed in
Time of the
guncei'din^
sankranti
expressed in
Day
and Month
A. D.
(Time of the Mesha
sankranti.)
Day
and Month
A. 1).
Week
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of Ujjain.
Moon's
Age.
a.
b
c.
Wcvk
day.
IK tin- Ana
SiddhAnta.
.1 2
5 «;
II
d
J8
£
2 -^
11
s a
i-) S,
»
9
s
ci
g.~
!l
,j u
it
Oh. Pa.
H. M.
8a
9a
lOa
lla
12a
13
14
16
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
1
12 Ph&liiiina
9779
29.336
86
0.258
19 Mar. (78)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
19 Mar. (78)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
19MBM78)
20 Mar. (79)
•20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
20 Mar. (79)
20 .Mar. (79)
1 9 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
2 0 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6Fri.
ISun.
2 Mon.
STnes.
4 Wed.
6 Kri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6Fri.
1 Sun.
•2 Mon.
3Tues.
4 Wed.
6 Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
•2 Mon.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
53 7
8 39
•24 10
39 41
55 12
10 44
26 15
41 46
57 17
12 49
28 20
43 51
59 22
14 54
30 25
45 56
1 27
16 59
32 30
48 1
3 32
19 4
34 35
50 6
5 37
21 9
36 40
52 U
7 42
23 14
38 45
54 16
21 15
:i 21
9 40
l.'i r.2
22 :,
4 17
10 30
16 42
22 55
5 7
11 20
17 32
23 45
5 57
12 10
18 22
0 35
6 47
13 0
19 12
1 25
7 37
13 50
20 2
2 15
8 27
14 40
20 52
3 5
9 17
15 30
21 42
8 Mar. (62)
21 Feb. (52)
11 Mar. (71)
28 Feb. (59)
19 Mar. (78)
8 Mar. (67)
25 Feb. (56)
15 Mar. (74)
4 Mar. (63)
22 Feb. (53)
12 Mar. (72)
1 Mar. (60)
19 Feb. (50)
9 Mar. (68)
26 Feb. (57)
16 Mar. (75)
6 Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
13 Mar. (73
3 Mar. (62)
20 Feb. (51)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
18 Mar. (77)
7 Mar. (66)
25 Feb. (56)
15 Mar. (75)
4 Mar. (63)
22 Feb. (33 i
13 Mar. (72)
1 Mar. (61)
20 Mar. (79)
«Fri.
4 Wed.
STuea.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
0 Sat,
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
ISuu.
OSat.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
ISun.
5 Thur.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
ISun.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Kri.
140
281
297
222
308
BIO
210
260
31
149
142
4
287
66
47
95
278
37
16
163
57
128
134
215
127
292
275
24
192
227
192
285
.420
.843
.891
.666
.624
.980
.720
.780
.093
.447
.426
.012
.861
.193
.141
.285
.834
.111
.048
.489
.171
.384
.402
.645
.381
.876
.825
.072
.576
.681
.678
.855
48
263
297
178
208
83
9959
9994
9869
84
118
9994
208
9904
9780
9815
29
9905
9940
154
30
64
9940
9975
9850
65
99
9975
189
224
Kill
134
MI
828
701
(ill
(47
394
2t2
178
U
908
844
691
575
475
322
258
142
989
92o
808
655
591
439
vn
105
41
888
772
708
555
491
233
205
226
277
246
215
267
236
208
259
228
200
249
218
269
241
210
262
234
203
MM
223
274
244
216
MM
259
228
2SO
3720
3721
3722
3723
3721
3725
3726
3727
3728
.
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
i749
5750
J7B1
9 Mftrgasirsha .
9921
29 . 764
229
0.686
9757
29.270
64
0.192
•2 VnKilkha....
91100
29.699
207
0.621
J10 Pausha..». .
9735
29.205
42
0.127
7 Asviua
9878
29.633
185
0.555
3 Jyeshtha
9713
29.139
20
0.061
12 Phulguna..
9856
29.568
163
0.490
'.1 M.-ir-M-n-.h:, .
9999
29.996
306
0.918
9834
29.502
HI
0.424
2 Vaiwikha ....
9977
29.930
284
0.853
10 Pausha
9812
29.437
120
0.359
xv.v
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Luna lion-parts = 10,OOOM,« of a circle. A Mhi — '/3oM of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali
Saka
Chaitr&di
Vikrama.
a
!
li
o a
X 3J
^£Q
-5
«a
-^
i
^
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankrfinti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
saiikrSnti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankrunti
expressed in
aC
o iii-
14
31
12
s
IS
il
^ I.
rn
3
s
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3752
876!
3754
8758
8751
3757
3758
3759
3760
8761
878S
3703
3764
3705
3766
3707
3708
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
8784
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
580
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
57
58
59
CO
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
—
650-51
651-52
*652-53
053-54
054-55
055-56
*656-57
657-58
658-59
659-60
•660-61
661-62
062-63
663-64
*664-65
665-66
666-07
667-68
*668-69
669-70
670-71
671-72
*672-73
073-74
674-75
675-76
•676-77
677-78
678-79
679-80
•680-81
681-82
682-83
41 Plavanga
42 Kilaka
5 Sravana
9604
28.812
168
0.504
44 Sadhuraual)
... .46 Paridhuvin
4 AshSdha
9871
29.613
722
2.166
47 Pramadin
49 Rakshasa
•1 Vaisikha....
9725
29.175
127
0.381
6 Bhadrapada..
9638
28.914
104
0.312
52 Kfilayukta.. . .
53 Siddhiirthin
54 Raudra . .
4 Ashfulha
9415
28.245
238
0.714
55 Dunnati.
56 Duudubhi
57 Rudhirodgarin
3 Jyeshtha
9615
28.845
290
0.870
58 Rakta-ksha
59 Krodhana . .
8 Karttika
9959
29.877
132
0.396
60 Kshaya ...
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhava
5 Sravana
9746
29.238
868
1.095
3 Sukla
4 Pramoda
5 Prajil pati
6 Arigiras
4 Ashatlha ....
9833
29.499
706
2.118
7 Srfmnkha
8 BhSva. .
2 Vaisakha ....
9915
29.745
303
0.909
9 Yuvan
10 Dhatri
6 BhAdra]mda..
9831
29.493
246
0.738
11 Isvara
12 BahudhSnva
13 Pram
Whin
ma. .
4 AshAilha
9373
28.119
248
0.744
14 Vikra
) Virodhakrit, Nu. 15, was suppressed.
7 7/A' lll.VDU CALENDAR.
TABLK I.
XXV
(Col. 23) a =: Distance of moon from sun. (Col. 24) b = moon's mean anomaly. (Col. 25) c — «<»'* weow anomaly.
11. AIH1KI) LUNAR MONTHS
(MmtimudJ
III. CO.MMKM KMENT OF Til K
Mean.
Solar year.
Lnni-Solaryenr. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukl <
Kali.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
siu'ikriinti
expressed in
Time of thi'
Minn-ding
snfikrAnti
eipres
Day
and Month
A 1).
(Time of the Mcsha
sankrAnti.)
Day
and Month
A. D.
Week
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of Ujjaln.
Moon's
Age.
a.
b.
c.
Week
day.
By the Arya
Siddhanta.
.IS
5 ">
°%
** s.
•j
3
H
a ^
o ^
11
•3 tL
1
F
-8cr
S,^
ii
ii
1— 1 w
n
~ ~t
Gh. Pa.
11. M.
8a
9a
10a
lla
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
19 M«x. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
20 Mar. (?'.))
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (78)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
19 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
BTuefc
5 Thur.
0 Fri.
OSat.
1 San.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 MOD.
3 Tues.
5 Thur.
fi Fri.
OSat.
ISnn.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
6 Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
9 47
25 19
10 50
:,r, 21
11 52
27 24
42 55
58 26
13 r.7
29 29
i,-, o
0 31
16 2
31 34
47 5
2 36
18 7
33 39
49 10
4 41
20 12
:>,:, 1 1
51 15
6 46
22 17
37 49
53 20
8 51
24 22
39 54
55 25
10 56
26 27
3 55
10 7
16 20
22 32
1 t:>
10 57
17 10
23 22
.1 35
11 47
18 0
0 12
6 25
12 87
18 50
1 2
7 15
13 27
19 40
1 52
8 6
14 17
20 30
2 42
8 55
15 7
21 20
3 32
9 45
15 57
22 10
4 22
10 35
9 Mar. (68)
26 Feb. (57)
16 Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
14 Mar. (73)
3 Mar. (63)
20 Feb. (51)
10 Mar. (69)
28 Feb. (59)
17 Mar. (77)
7 Mar. (66)
25 Feb. (56)
16 Mar. (75)
4 Mar. (64)
21 Feb. (52)
12 Mar. (71)
1 Mar. (60)
19 Mar. (79)
8 Mar. (67)
26 Feb. (57)
17 Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (66)
23 Feb. (54)
14 Mar. (73)
8 Mar. (62)
20 Feb. (51)
10 Mar. (69)
27 Feb. (58)
18 Mar. (77)
7 Mar. (67)
25 Feb. (56)
16 Mar (75)
3 Tue».
OSat.
fi Kri.
t Wed.
1 SUM.
OSat.
5 Thar.
2 Mon.
OSat.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
ISun.
6 Fri.
5 Thnr.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
2 Mon.
OSat.
4 Wed
3 Tues.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
267
155
157
279
40
49
275
261
40
319
16
167
284
966
81
16
101
102
170
88
175
152
277
12]
177
168
160
214
56
48
157
295
311
.801
4I1.-I
.171
.837
.120
.147
.825
.783
.120
.957
.048
.501
.852
.798
.243
.048
.303
.306
.510
.114
^525
.456
.881
.363
.531
.504
.480
.642
.168
.129
.471
.885
.933
10
9886
9920
1SI
10
u
259
185
9831
46
9742
9956
170
205
81
9956
9991
9867
9901
9777
9991
26
240
116
151
27
'.tyn2
9937
9813
9847
62
276
310
33H
180
5
852
788
672
519
us
802
202
85
969
905
752
599
535
382
318
166
49
985
869
716
652
499
346
282
180
65
949
832
769
249
218
269
241
211
262
234
203
252
223
272
244
216
267
205
257
226
277
246
218
270
242
211
202
231
200
252
221
272
244
216
267
37.12
3753
3754
3 7 5 .1
3750
:i757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3702
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
9961
29.865
262
0.7S7
3 Jyeshthn ....
9790
29.371
»8
0.293
1 2 Phiilgnna. . . .
9988
29 . 800
241
0.722
8 Kfirttika
0781
29 . son
76
0.228
9911
29.734
219
0.656
1 Chaitra
9747
29 . 240
54
0.162
10 Pausha
9890
19.069
197
0.591
0 Uhildrapada..
9721
29.175
32
0.097
3 Jyeshtha ....
9808
29 . 603
175
0.695
11 MAgha.
9703
29 . 109
10
0.031
8 Ki'irttika
9846
153
0.460
5 SrAvana
9989
29.966
296
0.888
XXVI
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
L,,niitioH-)>iirU — IQ.OOOM* of « circle. A til/ii = '>M of the moon's synodic revolution.
]. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS
uili.
Saka.
-3 «
||
c;£
C
I!
o a
£••§
•5
I
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
(Southern .)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
d *~?
O ^
If
*3 g.
«j
13
IS
1 £
2
H
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3785
878fl
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
879B
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
381 (
3811
3812
3813
B81
381 r
38 If
381'
606
607
608
609
610
fill
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
023
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
034
635
636
637
638
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
76f
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
101
lor,
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
111
117
118
112
120
121
—
683- 84
•684- 85
685- 86
686- 87
687- 88
*688- 89
689- 90
690- 91
691- 92
*692- 93
693- 94
694- 95
695- 96
*696- 97
697- 98
698- 99
699-700
•700- 1
701- 2
702- 3
703- 4
*704- 5
705- 6
706- 7
707- 8
•708- 9
709- 10
710- 11
711- 12
*712- 13
713- 14
714- 15
715- 16
15 Vrisha • . •
16 Chitrabhanu
3 Jyeshtha
9770
29.310
358
1.074
17 Subhanu . ...
18 Tiirana
8 KAvttika
9994
29.982
116
0.348
19 Parthiva • . .
20 Vvava
21 Sarvajit
5 Sravana ....
9787
29.361
510
1.530
24 Vikrita
4 Ashilcllia ....
9859
29.577
666
1.998
•'") Khara
27 Vijava
1 Chaitra
9748
29.244
48
0.144
28 Java
5 Sravana
931fi
27.948
3
0.009
30 Durmukha
. 32 Vilamba
4 Ashailha
9372
28.116
209
0.627
33 Vikarin
... 35 Plai
fa
3 Jyeshtha ....
9969
29.907
515
1 . 545
36 Sub
37 Sob
lane
7 Asvina
9901
29.703
131
0.393
38 Kro
39 Visvfivasu
40 Parubhava
5 Sravana
9755
29.265
554
1.662
42 Kil
ika
43 San
raya
4 Ashai.llia . . .
9987
29.961
685
2.055
44 Sad
45 Virodhakrit
46 Paridhiivin
1 Chaitra
9723
29.169
80
0.240
47 PramSdin
'/HI; HINDU C.M. l:\I1AR.
TABLE 1.
XXVll
—
of mom (Cut. _'!•) // = tUXHfl MM iiniiiniily. (t'nl, -l'.\\ , -- aaf't ///«/,/ em
11. ADDKIi l,i:N.\lt MONTHS
(continued.)
111. COMMKNCKMBNT OF TI1K
Mean.
Solar vc'iir
Limi-Solaryear. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
kali.
Nnnir nl'
month.
Time nf the
pi'rirding
sankrauti
expresM'il in
Tim.' of the
Mii'recdini;
sankrimti
--ril in
Day
and Month
A. I).
(Time of the Mcsha
saiikrunti.)
Day
and Month
A. D.
\V,,k
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of Ujjain.
Moon's
Agg.
II.
l>.
c.
W«ek
day.
11\ the Ana
Siddlianta.
°s
f 4
51
10
15
B
|3
Ii
lc
jp
ii
3 a)
-T
a-i
•s i
H-3
Gh. Pa
II. M.
8a
9a
lOa
iia
12; i
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
-'(I. Mar. (79)
19. Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79 1
20 Mar. (79)
1!) Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20M»r.(80)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar (80)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 .Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (80)
2D Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
•20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar (79)
•20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
(i Fri
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Toes.
4 W<-d.
5 Thur.
OSnt.
1 Sun.
2 Mon
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tacs.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
0 Sat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 'I'm'.,.
5 Thur.
6 Fri
OSat.
ISun.
3 Tuca.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
(i Kri.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tuea.
4 Wed.
n .v.)
57 30
13 1
28 32
U 4
59 35
15 6
30 37
Hi ;i
1 40
17 11
32 42
48 14
3 45
19 16
34 47
50 19
5 50
21 21
36 52
52 24
7 55
23 26
38 57
54 29
10 0
25 ill
41 2
56 34
12 5
27 36
43 7
58 39
16 47
23 (1
5 12
11 25
17 37
23 50
6 2
12 15
18 27
0 40
6 52
13 5
19 17
1 30
7 42
13 55
20 7
2 20
8 32
14 45
20 57
3 10
9 22
15 35
21 47
4 0
10 12
16 25
22 37
4 50
11 2
17 15
23 27
5 Mar. (64)
22 Feb. (53)
12 \hir.(71)
1 Mar. (60)
20 Mar. (79)
8 Mar. (68)
26 Feb. (57)
17 Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (65)
24 Feb. (55)
13 Mar. (72)
2 Mar. (61)
20 Feb. (51)
10 Mar. (70)
27 Feb. (58)
18 Mar. (77)
S Mar. (67)
25 Feb. (56)
15 Mar. (74)
4 Mar. (63)
21 Feb. (52)
11 Mar. (71)
1 Mar. (60)
20 Mar. (79)
9 Mar. (68)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
13 Mar.(73)
2 Mar. (61)
20 Feb. (51)
11 Mar (70)
5 Thur
2 MUD.
1 Sun.
5 Thur.
I \V.-,1.
1 Sun
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
OSat.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tue«.
2 Mon.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tuea.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3Tues.
1 Sun.
OSat.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
ISun.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
ISun.
5 Thur
3 Tues.
2 Mo,,.
888
236
Ml
US
27fi
48
165
158
15
296
77
57
287
293
58
32
178
07
139
141
108
142
308
294
40
206
241
201
209
280
169
318
296
.699
.708
.963
. 756
.828
.144
.401
.474
.045
.888
.231
.171
.861
.879
.159
.096
. 534
.201
.417
.423
.324
.426
.924
.882
.120
.618
.723
.i;o:i
.627
.SHI
.601
.954
.sss
186
62
97
9972
7
9883
97
132
7
222
9918
9793
8
42
9918
9953
167
43
78
9953
9829
9864
78
113
9988
203
237
113
9989
23
IVJ'.I
113
148
616
463
399
Mfl
182
29
913
849
696
580
479
326
210
in;
993
929
812
660
596
443
290
226
110
46
893
776
712
560
407
343
190
73
9
236
206
257
226
277
247
219
270
239
211
259
229
201
Ml
221
27-'
244
213
265
234
203
254
226
278
247
Ufl
270
284
208
260
201
252
8785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
37U2
8798
3791
3795
3796
3797
JT98
37U9
3800
3801
380-'
3803
S804
3805
istir,
J807
3808
5809
1810
1811
3812
3813
3814
3815
1816
1817
1 t'hailra . .
1)824
29.472
131
0.394
10,1'iiuj.ha
9967
29.UOO
27-1
0.82:1
ii Bhadrapada..
9802
29.407
110
0.329
3 .hrshllia ....
9945
29.835
252
0.757
11 Mauha
9780
29.341
88
0.263
8 Kilrttika
0928
29.769
231
0.691
1 Ashai.lha
9759
29.276
66
0.198
1 Chaitra
9901
29 . 704
209
0.680
9 Margaslrsha.
9737
29.21(1
44
0.132
6 Bliadrapada..
9879
29.638
187
0.561
•2 Vaiiakha ....
9715
29.145
22
0.067
11 Magha
9858
29.573
165
0.495
XXVlll
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
t.i<ii<ilifiii-]iii,-ls — 10.000M* of a circle. A
(Mi = '/aoM of Hie moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka. '
Vikrama.
a
j
11
gj
3
•
a
I
",
Kollam.
Samvateara.
True.
A. D.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
ei pressed in
month.
1-g
•31.
uf
'Ja
H
§3
It
1
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3818
3819
3820
8881
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3848
384
384
384
384
384
384
385
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
67
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
79-
793
794
795
796
797
79
79
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
UK
—
*716-17
717-18
718-19
719-20
*720-21
721-22
722-23
723-24
*724-25
725-26
72(1-27
727-28
*728-29
729-30
730-31
731-32
*732-33
733-34
734-35
735-36
*736-37
737-38
738-39
739-40
* 740-41
741-42
742-43
743-44
*744-45
745-46
746-47
747-48
* 748-49
.... 48 Anauda
5 Sravnna
9301
27.903
83
0.249
49 RiUt
50 Ana
51 PinL
la
'alft ' .
4 Ashadha
9466
28.398
201
0.6g3
52 Kfilaynkta . / . .
53 Siddh&rtin
54 Raudra
2 Vaisakha. . . .
9611
28.833
118
0.354
56 Dundubhi
6 Bhildrapada..
9600
28.800
90
0.270
58 Raktaksha ....
. 59 Krodhana
5 Sn'tvaiia
9728
29.184
522
1.566
60 Kshaya
. . 2 Vibhava
3 Jyeshtha . . .
9610
28.830
178
0.534
3 Suk'a
4 Pra
1 Chaitra ....
9690
29.070
44
0.132
7 Sri
mukha
."> Srfivana.. . .
9261
27.783
68
0.204
8 Bh
9 Yuvan
... 10 Dhatri 1)
4 Ashiii.lha . . .
9643
28.929
288
0.864
146
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
. '. 12 Bahudhanya
13 Pramiithin
2 Vaisakha...
9590
28.770
172
0.516
15 Vrisha
. 16 Chitrabhanu
6 BhAdrapada
9612
28.836
194
0.582
1 7 Subbanu
18 Tarana.
19 P&rthiva
5 Sravana . . .
9780
29.340
492
1.476
20 Vvaya.
21 Sarvajit
Isvara, No. 11, was suppressed.
'1 III' HINDU CM I:\DAR.
TABLE I.
i Dixliuii-i' />/' Mm:,/ I'fi'iii . 2't) 6 rr an iiimmiili/. (Cot. 25) r -
II ADDKIt I.I'NAR MONTHS
(continued.)
111. ( 'OMMKM'KMENT OK THE
Mcall.
Solar year.
Luni-Solaryear. (Civil day of ('haitra Sukla 1st.)
kali.
r (if
tni'lll ll.
Time, of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
TiiiK- of the
^receding
sankranti
expressed iu
Lay
ami Month
A. 1).
(Time of the Mesha
sunkranti.)
and .Month
A. 1).
Week
(lay .
At Sunrise on
meridian of Djjain.
Moon's
a.
b.
c.
Week
day.
By the Ana
Siddhanta.
|S
£*
2 *
SI
oO
'M
|S
11
.2
Is
§• .
-•a
II
i-q-S
.213
- 1
r* *^J
£
Oh. Pa
11. M.
8a
9a
10a
lla
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
1098
W.079
(i
0.0(11
20 Mar. (80)
2(1 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar (SOy
20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar (79)
.'(I Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (SO)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
SO Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (79)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
2(1 Mar. (80)
6 Fri.
0 Sat,
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
1 Sun.
2 Mmi.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
6 Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mou.
4 \Ve.d.
5 Thur.
0 Fri.
OSat.
2Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur
OSat.
ISun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
5 Thur
I'. I'n.
OSat
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
4 \Ved.
14 10
29 41
45 12
0 44
16 15
31 40
47 17
2 49
18 20
33 51
49 22
4 54
20 25
35 56
51 27
6 59
22 30
38 1
.13 32
9 4
24 3.1
40 6
.1.1 37
11 9
26 40
42 11
57 42
13 14
28 45
44 16
59 47
15 19
30 5(
5 40
11 52
18 5
0 17
C 30
12 42
18 55
1 7
7 20
13 32
19 45
1 57
8 10
14 22
20 35
2 47
9 0
15 12
21 25
3 37
9 50
16 2
22 15
4 27
10 40
1(1 52
23 5
5 17
11 30
17 42
23 55
(1 7
12 20
28 Feb. (59)
18 Mar. (77)
8 Mar. (67)
25 Feh. (56)
14 Mar. (74)
4 Mar. (63)
21 Feh (52)
12 Mar. (71)
1 Mar. (61)
20 Mar. (79)
9 Mar. (68)
26 Feb. (57)
16 Mar. (76)
5 Mar- (64)
22 Feb. (53)
13 Mar. (72)
2 Mar. (6 2)
20 Feb. (51)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
18 Mar. (78)
7 Mar. (66)
24 Feb. (55)
15 Mar. (74)
3 Mar. (63)
21 Feb. (52)
12 Mar. (71)
2 Mar. (61)
20 Mar. (80)
'.) Mar. (68)
26 Feb. (57)
17 Mar. (76)
5 Mar. (65)
6 Fri.
5 Thur
3 Tues.
0 Sat
.1 Tliur.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
1 Sun.
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
ISuu.
5 Thur
2 Mon
1 Sun.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
2 M.I.I.
0 Sat.
6 Fri.
3 Tucs.
OSat.
(1 Fri.
3 Tnc-.
55
63
287
269
u
330
193
184
300
283
94
' 26
109
112
87
53
192
308
294
133
188
177
170
226
70
198
174
309
327
244
245
331
Ml
.ir,.i
.189
.861
.807
.153
.990
.579
. .112
.900
.849
.282
.078
.327
. 33G
.111
.159
.576
.924
.882
.399
.564
.531
.510
.678
.210
.594
.522
.927
.981
. 732
. 735
.993
7'.n
24
58
273
148
9845
59
9935
9969
184
218
94
9970
4
9880
9756
9790
5
219
254
129
164
40
9915
9950
9826
40
75
289
324
200
75
110
9985
857
792
676
581
423
306
114
90
973
909
78fl
603
540
387
234
170
54
937
873
720
656
503
3.11
286
134
17
953
837
773
MQ
467
403
250
221
273
24.1
214
2(12
234
203
2.11
227
278
247
216
267
237
206
257
229
201
252
222
273
242
211
262
232
204
255
227
278
247
216
268
237
3818
3819
3S20
3K21
3822
3823
3824
3S2r»
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
1 Uiadha . .
•
9836
29.10?
148
(I 1311
1 ( 'haitra .
9979
29.936
286
0.858
!l Margaairsha .
9814
29 . 442
121
8.844
ii Hhadi'iipadu
9957
29.870
164
0.792
2 Vaisakha. . . .
979S
29.376
100
0.299
11 Magha
9935
29.805
0.727
7 Asvina
9770
29.311
7s
0.233
1- Ashildlia
9913
29 . 739
220
0.661
12 Phalguna. . . .
9749
29.246
56
0.168
9 MargiUirsha.
9891
29.674
I '.19
0.596
1 Sravai.ia
9727
29.180
111
0.1(12
\\\
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
= 10,OOOM.s of a circle. A lithi =: '/talk of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Stka.
Chaitrfuli.
Vikrama.
1
A Si
0 P
J
kollam.
A. 1).
Samvatsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
sS
If
t-i c-
is
14
Is,
•3
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3851
88(1
8868
3854
3855
3856
3857
8868
3859
8860
8861
8868
3863
8864
3S65
3866
3867
8868
3869
8870
8871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
672
678
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
882
683
684
688
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
881
822
823
824
825
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
-
749-50
750-51
751-52
•752-53
753-54
754-55
755-56
*756-57
757-58
7.") 8-59
759-60
*760-(il
761-62
762-63
763-64
•764-65
765-66
766-67
767-68
•768-69
769-70
770-71
771-72
773-74
774-75
775-76
•776-77
777-78
778-79
779-80
•780-81
. . 22 Sarvadharin
3 Jyeshtha ....
9697
29.091
353
1.059
23 Virodhin
. . 24 Vikrita
. . . 25 Khara
1 Chaitra
9723
29.169
22
0.066
26 Nan
. . . . 27 Vijai
lana
a
5 Srft vana
9283
27 . 849
29
0.087
28 Java
29 Manmatha
30 Durmukha
4 Ashfi'Jha ....
9835
29 . 505
463
1.389.
31 Hemalamba
32 Vilamba ....
33 Vikarin
2 Vaisakha
9554
28.669
142
0.426
34 Sarvari
35 Plara
6 liliadrapada . .
9570
28.710
199
0.597
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana ....
38 Krodhin
5 Sravaua
9929
29.787
543
1.629
39 Visvavasu
40 Parabhava.
41 Plavaiiga
9691
29.073
440
1.320
42 Kilaka
43 Saumya \
7 Aavina
9740
115
9860
29.220
0.345
29.580
88
9964
86
0.2641
29. 892 j
0.258
44 Sfidharaua
45 Virodlakrit
46 Paridhavin
9 to 4
28.212
48
0.144
47 Pramadhin
48 Ananda
49 Mkshasa .
4 Ashadha ....
9955
29.865
655
1.965
50 Anala
51 Pingala
52 Kalayukta
2 Vaisakha....
9584
28.752
111
0.333
53 Siddharthin
Till. HINDU (' M.I .\DAR.
TABLK I.
2.'() n —
of moon J'i i 1} It — moon'f I. 25) r rr
II. ADDKD I.I \\K MONTHS
(continued.)
111. COMMFACKMKNT (M THK
Mean.
Solar year.
I.tiui-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla l»t.)
Kali.
Nairn1 of
month.
Time of tne
preceding
sahknillti
^e,d ill
Time <if tin:
siiceecdini;
-aiikrftnti
-ed in
Dq
and Mould
A. D.
(Time of the M
saiikranli )
Day
anil Mould
A. D.
Week
day.
At Hunrls
meridian of t'jjaln.
Mooa'i
Age.
a.
t.
r.
Week
day.
By the Aryt
Sicdlhallla
ts ^
~£ >K
§f
I-) 0.
fa
)3
H
a C?
o o-
li
12
B
fiC
1"
|1
^
It
£-2
V
Gh. Pa.
11. M.
8a
9a
10a
11*
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
•2 Vaisakha .
y869
29.608
177
0.530
20 Mar. (79)
21 .Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
2(1 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (79)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80 1
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
5 Thur.
0 Sal.
1 Sun.
2 Mon
3 Tuea.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
0 Sat.
ISun.
3 Tue».
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
1 Sun.
2Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
(i Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2Mon.
t Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
OSat.
2Mon.
i Tues.
4 Wed.
6 Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
> Mou.
46 21
1 52
17 24
32 55
48 26
3 57
19 29
35 0
50 :tl
6 2
2 1 34
37 5
52 36
8 7
23 39
39 10
54 41
10 12
25 U
41 15
5i] u;
12 17
27 49
43 20
58 51
14 22
29 54
15 25
0 56
16 27
31 59
17 3(1
is 32
0 45
6 57
13 10
19 22
1 35
7 47
14 0
20 12
2 25
8 37
14 50
21 2
3 15
9 27
15 40
21 52
4 5
10 17
16 30
22 42
I 55
11 7
17 20
23 32
5 45
11 57
18 10
0 22
6 35
12 47
19 0
22 Feb. (58)
13 Mar. (72)
3 Mar. (62)
20 Feb. (51)
10 Mar. (69)
28 Feb. (59)
18 Mar. (77)
6 Mar. (66)
24 Feb. (55)
15 Mar. (74)
4 Mar. (63)
22 Feb. (53)
12 Mar. (71)
1 M«r. (60)
20 Mar. (79)
8 Mar. (68)
25 Feb. (56)
16 Mar. (75)
6 Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
13 Mar. (72)
3 Mar. (62)
20 Feb. (51)
10 Mar, (70)
27 Feb. (58)
18 Mar. (77)
7 Mar. (66)
24 Feb. (55)
15 Mar. (74)
4 Mar. (63)
22 Feb. (U)
1-.' M.
OSal.
fi Fri.
4 Wed.
1 Sun.
0 Sat.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
OSat.
5 Thor.
4 Wed.
1 Sun.
6 Fri.
5 Thur
2 Men.
1 Sun.
5 Thar.
2 Man.
1 Sim.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
2 M,,n
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
0 Fri.
i Tues.
OSat.
)Sat.
I Wed.
2 M.m.
ISun.
M
64
181
0-n
H
MM
86
70
299
309
68
194
192
77
148
152
119
156
323
75
56
219
134
211
217
292
183
e-M
wa
70
254
MM
.252
.198
.543
—.033
.084
.915
.258
.210
.897
.927
.204
.582
.576
.231
.444
.456
. 357
.468
. !)<;<)
.225
.168
.657
.402
. r,:t:(
.651
.876
.648
-.10J
. M'.l
.210
.762
.891
1IMJ1
9896
111
9986
21
235
9931
9807
21
56
9931
146
180
56
91
9966
9842
9877
91
9967
1
216
92
126
2
37
IH 1 -2
i;ss
161
37
251
2SO
97
M
917
764
700
5M
4M
331
214
15(1
997
SSI
817
664
600
447
294
231
114
961
897
781
628
564
411
347
194
41
14
861
744
680
206
257
229
198
25(1
222
270
2:i'.l
211
263
232
204
255
224
276
2 15
214
265
237
206
258
230
199
250
219
271
240
20!»
263
tn
20 1
255
:fs.5l
3K52
1861
8884
us:,.-,
3856
3857
3»5S
3859
38fiO
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3806
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
5874
3875
3876
3877
-;-
1879
3880
JSM
3882
10 Pauslia .
y7os
29.115
12
0.037
7 Asvina
0848
29.543
155
0.465
1 Ashadha....
ygyo
29.971
298
0.893
12 Phal-una.. . .
9826
29.477
133
0.399
'J Margasirsha .
9969
29 . 906
tit
0.828
."i Sravana
9804
29.412
111
0.334
•2 Vaisakhn
9947
29.840
29 . 346
254
0.762
JlO Pausha
9782
89
0.268
7 Asvina
9925
29.775
232
0.697
3 Jyeshtha
9760
29.281
68
0.203
12 Phalguna.. . .
9903
29 . 709
210
0.631
® See Text. Art. 101 above, para. 2.
XXXII
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
•rts = 10,000/fo of a rin-lf. A litlii = '/soM of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONClJKItKXT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Siika.
Chaitradi.
Vikrama.
a
li
i
B
~
Kollam.
A. D.
Sainvalsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankrunti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
r.\ pressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
< vpri'^rd in
li
H
c: ^
o Ci.
14
II
I
1
2
3
3a
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
8888
3884
888B
3886
3887
8888
8880
3890
38!) 1
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
8908
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
390!)
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
8011
J04
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
807
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
—
781- 82
782- 83
783- 84
»784- 85
785- 86
786- 87
787- 88
*788- 89
789- 90
790- 91
791- 92
*792- 93
793- 94
794- 95
795- 96
*796- 97
797- 98
798- 99
799-800
*800- 1
801- 2
802- 3
803- 4
*804- 5
805- (i
MHi- 7
807- 8
*808- 9
si)!)- 10
810- 11
811- 12
*812- 13
813- 14
6 Bhadrapada . .
9563
28.089
158
0.474
56 Dun
57 Rud
4 AshiVlha
9457
28.371
127
0.381
58 Raktaksha
60 Kshaya
3 Jveshtha ....
9li 17
28.941
434
1.302
7 Asviua
9703
29.109
98
0.284
3 Sakla
5 Praj
apati
5 Srftvaua
9591
28.773
165
0.495
7 Srin
8 Bh&
vs. .
4 Aslmc.lha ....
9976
29.928
792
2.376
9 Yuvan
10 Dhatri
11 Kvara
2 Y:ii«ikha. . . .
9715
29.145
152
0.456
13 Pramftthin
6 Blmdrapaila. .
9648
28.944
155
0.465
14 Vik
15 Vris
16 Chi
rabhanu
hunn . .
•i Ashac.lha
9510
28.530
282
0.846
17 Sub
.... 18 Tarana ...
. . 19 Parthiva
!)(ii;o
28.980
392
1.176
21 Sarvajit
7 Asvina
9680
2'.). 040
58
0.174
. . 23 Yirodhin..
24 Vikrita
. . 25 Khoi'ji_ . . .
."> SrAvai.ia
9772
29.316
355
1.0(15
26 Nai
Till: IIIMU C. \l I:,\DAR.
TABLE I.
xxxni
<i z= Ilixtiiure of moon J (Col. '21) b ~ moon's mean annmiily. (Col. 25) r. ~ tuns Mnin nni>i,inh/.
II. ADDED MJNAIt MONTHS
( i-nntinued.)
111. COMMKXCKMENT OK T1IK
Mean.
Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla Int.)
Kali.
Name of
month.
Time of tne
preeedilli;
sankranti
expressed in
Timer of the
sueeeeiliiiLr
Miukrftnti
expressed in
Day
and Month
A. D.
(Time of the Mesha
saiikrfmti.)
Day
and Month
A. D.
\Vrek
day.
At Bunris
meridian of UJJaln.
Moon's
Age.
a.
4.
c.
Week
day.
By the Ana
SiddhAnta.
Lunation
]iarts. (t.)
IS
B
Ig
1 «
31
•ri
3
P
2C
S.~
!!
»3j
It
£• =
•" 1)
Gh. Pa.
11. M.
8a
9a
lOa
11s
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
1
8 Kfirttikn
1738
29.21B
46
0.137
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
20 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mar (80)
4 Wed.
5 Thnr.
6 Fri.
I Set
2 Mon.
3 TUBS.
t \\e,l
5 Thur.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tue«.
5 Thar
6 Fri.
) Sat.
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thnr.
6 Fri.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
5 Thur
6 Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
t \Ved
5 Thur
C, Kri
1 Sun
2 MUII
3 1
18 32
34 4
49 35
5 6
20 37
36 9
51 40
7 11
22 42
38 14
53 45
9 16
21 V7
40 19
55 5(1
11 21
26 52
42 24
57 55
13 26
28 57
44 2'J
0 0
15 31
31 2
46 34
2 5
17 36
33 7
48 39
4 10
19 41
1 12
7 25
13 37
19 50
2 2
8 15
14 27
20 40
2 52
9 5
15 17
21 30
3 42
9 55
Hi 7
22 20
4 32
10 45
16 57
23 10
5 22
11 35
17 47
0 0
6 12
12 25
18 37
0 51
7 2
13 15
19 27
1 40
7 5-
1 Mar. (60)
19 Mar. (78)
8 Mar. (67)
26 Feb. (57)
16 Mar. (75)
6 Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
13 Mar. (73)
2 Mar. (61)
21 Mar. (80)
10 Mar. (69)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Mar. (76)
7 Mar. (66)
25 Feb. (56)
15 Mar. (75)
4 Mar. (63)
21 Feb. (52)
12 Mar. (71)
29 Feb. (60)
19 Mar. (78)
8 Mar. (67)
2fi hi
1C, Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
14 Mar. (73
2 Mar. (62
20 Mar. (79
10 Mar. (69)
27 Feb. (58
17 Mar. -77
7 Mar (66
5 Thur.
STuea.
)S;,i
T Thnr
t Wed
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
5 Thnr.
2 Mon.
ISun.
5 Thar.
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
6 Fri.
4 Weil.
3 Tues.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
1 Sun.
OSat.
5 Thur
2 Mini
1 Sun.
5 Thur
3 Tues.
1 Sun
5 Thur
4 Wed.
:.' \|.,,,
278
60
11
207
800
317
89
107
35
119
122
50
68
208
323
309
145
99
186
181
239
88
21 t
191
324
191
255
252
26
279
100
82
197
s:u
180
038
621
600
.951
.267
.321
.105
.357
.366
.150
.204
.624
.969
.927
.435
.297
.558
.543
.717
.264
.642
.578
.972
.573
.765
.756
.078
.837
.301
2K
.591
IC,2
IS.-.S
9733
9948
J1IS2
197
72
107
9983
17
9893
9769
9804
18
232
267
143
18
53
MM
9963
9839
53
88
302
178
213
88
9784
'.I9'J!
»87t
'.I'.IO!
124
528
427
274
I5S
94
978
825
761
608
544
391
238
174
58
941
877
724
572
508
35:
291
138
21
958
841
688
624
472
371
255
102
38
921
225
273
242
214
266
237
207
258
227
278
247
217
268
240
Ui
263
232
202
258
222
273
243
214
266
238
801
258
227
276
248
217
268
240
3883
3884
8885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3!) 1 :,
5 Sravana
9881
29.644
189
0.566
1 Clmitra
9717
29.150
24
0.072
10 Pau-dia
9859
29.578
167
0.500
6 Bhildrapada..
9695
29.084
2
0.007
3 Jyeshtha. . .
9838
29.513
145
0.4U
12 Phfilffiina
9980
29.941
288
0.863
* k'.rttika
9816
29.447
123
0.369
•") Sravai.iii
9959
29.876
266
0.798
1 Clmitra
9794
29.382
101
0.304
10 Pimsha .
9937
29.810
244
ft.7M
11 llhfidrapada.
9772
2!) .311
7!
(1 238
X.XX1V
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
LiiitutioH-iHirts = ]0,dOdMjf of a circle. A
tilhi =: '/soM nf Ike moon's sy nadir revol/ttio/i .
\. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
i*
Chaitradi.
Vikrama.
=
\
™ s
1
8
kiillain.
A. 1).
Samvatsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
mouth.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
c: C?
It
9
'ff
o ^i-
a ^.
a S
& i-<
. -* rt
*— 1 d.
i
1
2
3
3a
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
8916
3917
3918
3919
392(1
3921
3922
39 2 3
:<;i2 I
8985
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
8941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
737
738
739
740
741
748
748
744
745
746
748
7 I'.i
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
89!)
900
901
902
903
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
23 1
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
25]
252
0- 1
1- 2
2- 3
3- 4
4- 5
5- 6
6- 7
7- 8
8- 9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-18
13-14
14-18
15-16
16-17
17-18
18-19
19-20
20-21
814-15
815-16
•816-17
817-18
818-19
819-20
•820-21
821-22
822-23
828-24
-
•824-25
885-86
826-27
827-28
•828-29
829-30
830-31
831-32
•832-33
888-84
834-35
835-30
*836-37
837-38
888-89
839-40
•840-41
841-42
842-43
s 13-44
•844-45
845-46
4 Ashaclha
9935
29.805
807
2.421
•jfl rftv.
29 Manmatha
2 Vaisakha. . . .
9910
29.730
296
0.888
32 Vilamba
33 Vikarin . ...
6 Bhadrapada. .
9821
29.463
251
0.753
35 Plav
36 Subl
38 Kroc.
4 A>hacllia ....
9482
28.446
340
1.020
lakrit »)
tlnn
39 Visvfivajm
3 Jyeshtha ....
9773
29.319
403
1.209
40 Pars
41 Plav
7 Asvina
9740
29.220
51
0.153
42 Kilaka
. . 44 Sadharana
5 Sravana
9865
89.598
588
1.599
47 Pramadin
4 Ashaclha
9980
29.760
770
2.310
48 Luanda
49 Raka^aca
50 Ana
\m
1 Chaitra1
9817
29.451
81
0.243
52 Kalayukta
9377
28.131
13
0.039
53 Siddharthin
54 Raudra
4 Ashaclha
9 14!)
28.347
316
0.948
56 l)ut
57 End
58 Rak
t.»k«lin
3 Jyeshtha
9956
29.868
513
1.539
') Sobhana, No. 37, waa suppressed.
THK ///.V/V C.M I'.NDAR.
TABLE I.
' \\\
~- Dixtit lire of moon from '. 24) b ~ •<•'« anomaly. (Col. 25) e ~ sun'* mean
II ADDKI) UJNAK MONTHS
(continued.)
111. COMMENCEMENT OK THE
Mean.
Solar year.
Liini-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Nam
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankrAnti
expressed in
Time of the
succeed in;:
sankrami
expressed in
l)a\
and Month
A. D.
(Time of the Mesha
safikrantn
Day
and Month
A. 11
Week
day
At Sunrise on
meridian of Ujjaln.
Moon's
Age.
a
b.
c.
Week
day
Hy the Arya
Siddhanta.
oCT
3 O-
It
03
J3
e
Lunation
parts, (t.)
.2
IS
p
S3
rflj
jl
— V
11
Oh. Pa
II M.
8a
9a
10a
11;
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
3 Jjcshtha. . .
9915
29.745
222
0.667
21 Mar. (80
21 Mar. (80
21 Mar. isi
•-M Mar. (80
•,'1 Mar. (80
21 Mar. (80
'.'! Mar. (81
•21 Mar. (80
21 Mar. (80,
•-'1 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (81)
-M Mar. (80)
.'1 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
-M Mar. (81)
-'1 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
-'1 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
22 -Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mai-. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
iS Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80)
22 Mar. (81)
-'1 Mar. (81)
31 .Mar. (80)
3 Tuee.
4 Wed.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mini.
4 Wed.
5 Thur
BFri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
t Wed.
5 Thur.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
5 Tues.
") Thur.
! Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
OSat.
ISun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
OSat.
3:> 1-
50 44
6 ir
21 46
37 17
:,2 U
8 20
2:1 :>l
3'.t 22
54 'it
10 25
u •<!
41 27
56 59
12 30
28 1
13 32
59 4
14 35
30 6
I.-, ::;
1 9
16 40
32 11
47 42
3 14
18 45
34 16
49 47
5 19
20 50
31! 21
14 r
20 17
2 30
8 42
1 1 :,r
21 7
3 2(
9 32
15 45
21 57
4 10
10 22
16 35
22 47
5 0
11 12
17 25
23 37
r, 5(1
12 2
18 15
0 27
6 40
12 52
19 5
1 17
7 30
13 42
1!) 55
2 7
8 20
14 32
24 1'eb. (55
15 Mar. (74
3 Mar. (63
21 I',!.
11 Mar. (70)
1 Mar. (60)
19 Mar. (79
8 Mar. (67)
26 Pel. (M
17 Mar. (76)
5 Mar. (65)
22 Feb. (53)
13 Mar. (72)
2 Mar. (61)
20 Mar. (80)
9 Mar. (68)
27 Feb. (68)
18 Mar. (77)
7 Mar. (67)
24 Feb. (55)
15 Mar. (74)
4 Mar. (63)
21 Feb. (52)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
20 Mar. (79)
8 Mar. (68)
26 Feb. (57)
17 Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
12 Mar. (71)
6 Fri.
5 Thur
2 Mon.
OSat.
5 Thur
3 Tues.
2 Mon.
<• Fri.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
0 Sat,
6 Fri.
3Tnes.
1 Sun.
OSat.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
ISun.
» Thur.
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
) Thur.
i Thur.
2 Mon.
OSat.
6 Fri.
STues.
OSat.
5 Thur.
.
40
«
•
323
81
312
324
87
20S
206
87
76
Ifi2
131
171
©-»
91
78
232
144
221
226
174
199
0-17
3311
M
267
311
286
289
24
.006
.120
.009
.969
.243
.936
.972
.261
.624
.618
.261
.228
.486
.393
.513
-.071
.273
.219
.696
.432
.001
.678
.522
.597
-.Ml
.990
.268
.801
933
BM
867
072
9999
34
!I'.W.
124
!IS2(
34
69
9945
159
194
r,1.
9945
9980
9855
9890
9766
9980
15
229
105
139
15
9891
ii)2i;
9801
174
50
265
299
175
51
9747
769
704
552
435
335
218
LM
885
821
668
515
452
299
235
82
965
901
785
632
568
415
263
198
46
18
865
74!l
685
532
379
279
211
M]
230
202
250
222
274
243
215
164
235
204
256
225
276
245
217
269
240
210
261
2311
111!)
251
2211
874
243
215
266
235
205
253
3916
3917
3918
39.19
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
•5930
5931
3932
•5933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
)941
V.I42
5943
3944
5945
5946
5947
11 Mil"ha . . .
9750
29.251
58
11.173
s KArttika
9893
29.079
200
0.601
t Ashadha ....
9728
29.185
36
0.107
9871
29.614
LTD
0.536
!) MirgaBirtha .
9707
29.120
H
0.042
6 BhAdrapada..
9849
29.548
157
0.470
3 Jyeshtha
9992
29.976
299
0.898
11 MfHia
D828
29.483
135
0.401
s KArttika....
9970
29.911
878
0.833
4 AsliA.Uia . . . .
9806
29.417
113
0.339
1 Chaitra
9948
89.841
256
0.767
See Teit. Art. 101 above, para. •'..
xxxvi
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
— 10,OOOM* of a circle. A tithi r= '/W* o/ Me OTOOK'S synodic revolution.
I. CONCUtKKNT VEAK.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Snka.
r ts
11
1.
ft
1
5
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvalsara.
True.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Misha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
o C]*
o ^^
II
1
§2
li
ta
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
8960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3905
8981
8967
3908
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
769
770
771
772
778
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
SOU
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
91:.
911
914
Bit
916
917
918
919
920
921
92:.
923
924
925
926
927
928
981
930
931
932
933
934
935
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
28:.
2s:
284
21-22
22-23
23-24
24-25
25-28
26-27
27-28
28-29
29-30
30-31
31-32
32-33
33-34
34-35
35-36
36-37
37-38
38-39
39-40
40-41
41-42
42-43
43-44
44-45
45-40
46-47
47-48
48-49
49-50
50-51
51-52
846-47
847-48
•848-49
849-50
850-51
851-52
•852-53
853-54
S54-55
855-56
•856-57
857-58
858-59
859-60
•860-61
861-02
862-63
863-64
•864-05
865-66
866-07
867-68
•868-69
869-70
870-71
871-72
•872-73
873-74
874-75
875-76
•876-77
877-78
60 Kshaya
7 Asvina
9894
29.682
136
0.408
2 Vibl
3 Sukl
A . .
5 Sravai.ia
9862
29.586
630
1.890
5 Praj
6 Arig
ras. .
4 Ashfulha
9996
29.988
750
2.250
8 Bhfiva
9 Yuvan
10 Dhatri
1 Chaitra
9827
29.481
162
0.486
. . . . . . . 11 Isvara. . . ....
5 Sravana
9406
28.218
142
0.426
12 Bahudhaiiva
13 Pramathin
14 Vikrama. . . . . .
4 Aslifulha ....
9491
28.473
281
0.843
15 Vrishi
16 Chit
17 Sub
ianu
2 VaisAkhii
9679
29.037
140
0.420
18 Tfin
19 Part
0 BhAdrapada. .
9642
28.926
92
0.276
20 Vvaya
21 Sarvajit
.... 22 Sarvadharin
9821
29.463
630
1.890
23 Virodhin
, 24 Vikrita
25 Khara
:! Jyi-ihtha ....
9616
28.848
163
0.489
26 Nanilana
27 Vya
28 Jay.
... .29 Mai.
va .
i. . .
1 Chaitra
9786
29.358
151
0.453
imatha
30 Durmukha
5 Sravana
9365
28.095
170
0.510
THI- HINDU CALENDAR. ^v»
a — Dixl/iiiiv of moon from .inn. « ,atun anomaly. (Col. 25) e ~ tun's mean anomaly.
4
II U)I>EI) LUNAIt MONTHS
(continued.)
III. rOMMKVKMKXT (IT TI1K
Mean.
Solar year.
Luni-Sular \ ear. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Name- nf
month.
Time cjf the
preeeiliiiL'
sank fit lit i
expressed in
Time of the
mcQMding
sankrunti
expn
Day
and Mouth
A. D.
(Time of the Mesha
sarikranti.)
Day
and Month
A. U.
Week
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of Ujjaln.
Moon's
Age.
a
1.
c.
Week
<la\
Hy the Ana
Sidtlhanta.
a ^J
It
00
15
£
_§s
It
•
3
H
a,
si
!|
^•a
.a-s
Oh Pa
II M.
8a
9a
10a
lla
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
9 M&rgastrsha.
9784
29.351,
91
0.274
21 Mar. (80
22 Mar. (81
21 Mar. (81
L'l M:
-'1 Mar. (80
22 Mar. (81
21 Mar. (81
21 Mar. (80
21 .Mar. (80
22 Mar. (81
21 Mar. (81
21 Mar. (80)
21 Mar. (80
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (80)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (80)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (80)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (80)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (80)
1 Sun.
3 Tues
4 Wed
5 Thur
U l-'ri.
ISnn.
2 Mon.
3 Tues
1 \Ved.
6 Fri.
OSat.
ISun.
2 Mon
4 Wed.
5 Thur
i Kri.
ISun
2 Mon
J Tues.
4 Wed.
6Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Man.
4 Wed.
5 Thur
6 Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
Thnr.
51 51
7 2
2:.' SI
38 26
53 51
9 29
25 (
40 31
51; i
11 34
27 "
42 36
58 7
13 39
29 10
44 41
0 12
15 44
31 15
46 46
2 17
17 49
33 20
is 51
4 22
19 54
35 25
50 5C,
li 27
21 51)
37 30
53 1
20 4r
2 57
9 10
15 22
21 3."
8 47
10 (
16 12
22 25
1 37
10 50
17 2
23 15
5 27
11 40
17 52
0 5
6 17
12 30
18 4^
0 55
7 7
13 20
19 32
1 45
7 57
14 10
20 22
2 35
8 47
15 0
21 12
2 Mar. (61
21 Mar. (80
9 Mar. (69
27 l-'eb. (58
18 Mar. (77
7 Mar. (66
24 Pel.
14 Mar. (73
3 Ma.
21 I'eb. (62
11 Mar. (71
28 Feb. (59
20 Mar. (79)
9 Mar. (68)
26 Feb. (57)
16 Mar. (75
5 Mar. (64)
22 Feb. (53)
12 Mar. (72)
! Mar. (61)
21 Mar. (80)
10 Mar. (69)
28 FC!J
18 Mar. (77)
7 Mar. (66)
24 Feb. (55)
14 Mar. (74)
3 Mar. (62)
21 Fell
12 Mar. (71)
29 Feb. (60)
19 Mar. (78)
3 Tues
2 Mon.
r, l>i.
4 Wed
3 Tues.
OSat.
tWed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
5 Thur
I \Ve,l
1 Sun.
1 Sun
5 Thur
2 Mon.
ISun
5 Thur
2 Mon.
ISun.
6 Frl.
5 Thnr.
2 Mon.
OSat.
i Kri.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tues
1 Sun.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tnes.
22(
218
0-M
104
120
45
49
135
63
239
225
0-W
325
157
108
196
191
96
101
229
209
©-«
202
MO
263
245
292
116
236
213
15
53
. litll
.654
—.108
.312
.360
.135
.147
.405
.189
.717
.675
-.08
.975
.471
.324
.588
.571
.288
.303
.687
.627
_.M
BM
798
789
735
876
348
708
639
045
159
996
'.KJ'.II
9871
86
120
999(
9872
990f
97 S3
'.I'.I'J!
31
9907
280
156
31
66
9942
9818
9852
67
101
HI77
I'.H
226
102
wn
12
)*ss
102
137
12
47
162
M
946
829
781
BU
459
895
243
126
62
909
882
729
571
512
359
206
142
26
962
809
BM
628
174
323
259
106
990
926
773
709
225
276
246
217
•.'(;:
238
207
168
228
200
251
220
274
243
811
2(14
233
202
253
225
277
246
218
Ml
238
207
259
228
200
251
220
272
3948
:>,!M'.i
3950
3951
3952
395.'!
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
W,i;
3967
1968
3969
J970
5971
3972
3973
V.I74
5975
3976
S977
3978
3979
(i Hhml rapada.
9991
2'.).7H<
234
0.702
2 VaUakha...
9762
29.286
69
0.208
11 AliV'lm
9905
29.714
212
0.637
7 Asvimi
9740
29.221
is
0.143
4 Asha..llia
9883
29.649
190
0.571
U' Phftlguna....
9718
29.155
26
0.077
!i Mirgastrsha .
9861
29 . 583
169
0.506
5 Sr'ivaua
9097
29.090
4
0.012
2 Vma'ilkha
9839
29.518
147
0.440
11 MaKha
1989
29.946
289
0.868
\ ilia
9818
211.453
125
0.375
• Si, Text. Art 1(11 above, para. 2.
XXXV111
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
•tii,n-),iifls — 10,000/A.» of a circle. A
tithi =: V30^ °f Me moon's synodic revolution.
\. CONCURRENT YEAH.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Suka.
Pi
2 c:
i£
Kollaro.
Samvatsara.
True.
11
M
!
A. D.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankrfmti
expressed in
eCf
O Ci-
•3 '%.
P
a ^
o i^
H
tn
'3
H
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
8980
3981
3982
3983
8984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
399:
3994
3995
3996
8997
3998
400C
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
40(1
400
401
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
95."
956
957
95
958
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
MS
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
orn
53-54
54-55
55-56
56-57
57-58
58-59
59-60
60-61
61-62
62-63
63-64
' 64-65
65-66
66-67
67-68
68-69
69-70
70-71
71-72
72-73
73-74
74-78
75-76
76-77
77-78
78-79
79-80
80-81
81-82
82-83
83-84
878- 79
879- 80
*880- 81
881- 82
882- 83
883- 84
*884- 85
885- 86
886- 87
887- 88
*888- 89
889- 90
890- 91
891- 92
•892- 93
893- 94
894- 95
895- 96
*896- 97
897- 98
898- 99
899-900
•900- 1
901- 2
902- 3
903- 4
•904- 5
905- 6
906- 7
907- 8
*908- 9
32 Vila
33 Vika
4 Ashadha
9633
28.899
316
0.948
35 Plava
36 Subhakrit
•i Vaisftkha. . . .
9694
29.082
241
0.728
38 Krodhin
6 Bhadrapada. .
9702
29.106
243
0.729
5 Srfivana
9825
29.475
588
1.764
4° Kihka
44 SAdharaua
3 Jyeshtha ....
9753
29.259
359
1.077
8 Karttika ....
9 Margas.(Ksh,
1 Chaitra
9974
8
9780
29.922
0.024
29.340
8
9912
111
0 024]
29.736.
0.333
4? Pram&Jin
302
303
304
305
306
307
306
308
31C
31
31
31
31
31
49 Rfikshasa
9347
28.041
132
0.396
52 Kalayukta
53 Siddtrlrthin
4 Ashadha . . .
9829
29.487
452
1.356
54 Raud^a
.... 55 Durmati
2 Vaisakha. . .
9654
28.962
250
0.750
6 Bhadrapada.
9671
29.013
292
0.876
58 Haktfksha
60 Kshaya
5 Sravana. . . .
9930
29.790
591
1.773
2 Vib^nvo N
'i Snkl:i. No. !!, was suppressuil iu the north, but bv soutlirru nrkoiiing then: has been no suppression since this date.
THH ///.\7>r CM l:\DAR.
TABLE I.
\\\i\
-1.1?) o — Uinttince of moon from sun. (Col. 24) b — moon's mean am»,/ •>!,/. it'ol. 25) r — JB»'J menu //,.•
II. ADDKD l.r.VAl! MONTHS
(continued.}
III. CO.MMEM'KMKNT 01' TI1K
Mean.
Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Name of
month.
Tim.: of the
preceding
•.a I'll.
rl|irr.w<l in
Time of the
succeeding
sai'ikrauti
expressed in
Day
and Month
A. D.
(Time of the Mesha
sankriinti.)
Day
and Month
A. D.
Week
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of tJjjaln.
Moon1!
Age.
a.
A.
t.
Week
day.
By the Ana
Sid.lhanta.
Lunation
parts, (t.)
«
pS
H
— ^
O 5J,
z a
d
'A
P
^
S.~
\\
§1
hJ «
S, £
" V
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
8a
9a
10a
lla
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (80)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (80)
•1-1 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (80)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
OSat.
ISun.
2 Mon
3 Tues.
5 Thur.
6 Kri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6Fri.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
5 Thur.
(i Fri.
OSat.
ISun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
() Fri.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
6 Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
I Mon.
8 32
24 4
3a 35
55 C
10 37
2(1 '.1
41 41
57 11
12 \'i
28 14
43 45
59 16
14 47
30 19
45 50
1 21
16 :>2
32 24
47 55
3 26
18 57
34 29
50 0
5 31
21 2
36 34
52 5
7 36
23 7
38 39
54 10
3 25
9 37
K, 51
22 2
4 15
10 27
16 40
22 52
5 5
11 17
17 30
23 42
5 55
12 7
18 20
0 32
(i 45
12 57
19 10
1 22
7 35
13 47
20 0
2 12
8 25
1 l 37
20 50
3 2
9 15
15 27
21 40
8 Mar. (67)
26 Feb. (57)
15 Mar. (75)
5 Mar. (64)
22 Feb. (53)
13 Mar. (72)
2 Mar. (62)
21 Mar. (80)
10 Mar. (69)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Mar. (77)
6 Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
14 Mar. (73)
3 Mar. (63)
21 Feb. (52)
12 Mar. (71)
1 Mar. (60)
19 Mar. (79)
8 Mar. (67)
25 Feb. (56)
16 Mar. (75)
4 Mar. (64)
22 Feb. (53)
13 Mar. (72)
3 Mar. (62)
21 Mar. (81)
10 Mar. (69)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Mar. (76)
6 Mar (66)
OSat.
5 Thur.
3 Tuf-s.
1 Sun.
5 Thur
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
ISun.
5 Thur
2 Mon.
ISun.
5 Thur
2 Mon.
ISun.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3Tuei.
1 Sun.
OSat.
5 Thur.
4 Wed.
ISun.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
ISun.
14
332
01
325
126
103
223
224
99
82
172
141
0-0
©-8
7
239
246
153
230
238
285
213
©-i
114
101
278
324
298
299
36
235
.012
'.I'.H;
.273
.975
.378
.309
.669
.672
.297
. 2 IT
.516
.423
-.000
-.024
.021
.717
.738
.459
.690
.714
.639
-.003
.342
.303
.834
.972
.894
.897
.108
.705
9923
137
9833
47
9923
9958
172
207
83
9958
9993
9869
9744
9779
9993
208
242
118
153
28
9904
9939
9814
29
63
278
312
iss
64
9760
J974
556
439
339
223
70
6
890
825
673
520
456
303
150
86
970
853
789
636
572
420
267
203
50
933
870
753
881
IM
383
283
167
241
212
261
233
202
254
226
277
246
215
266
236
205
256
228
200
251
220
272
241
210
261
U]
202
254
226
277
246
215
-'lit
236
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
g085
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
8994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
1004
4005
4000
1007
4008
1009
4010
4 Ashftdha
!l!l(ill
29.881
268
0.803
12 Phalgiina... .
'.iT'.Hi
88.887
103
0.309
a Murgaslwha..
9938
09.811
246
0.737
5 SrAvana.. .
!»77l
29.322
81
0.244
•> Vaisakha
091?
29.750
224
0.672
JlO Panslia
9752
29 . 256
:,'.»
0.178
9895
29.684
20S
0.606
:i .lyeshtha
9730
29.191
38
0.113
1 -1 Ph51i:iina. . . .
9873
29.619
180
0.541
8 Karttika .
9708
29.125
16
0.047
5 Sravana
9851
29.553
158
0.475
© See Text. Art. 101 above, para 2
xl
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
liintilion-paris = 10,00(Wfc of a circle. A tithl =. '/aoM of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saku.
Chaitr&di.
Vikrama.
B
"3 a
W V
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sarikrSnti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
Meshadi (
E
IS
1.2
S >J
H
is
1 «
§-e
^ §.
1
1
2
3
3a
4
5
e
7
8
9
10
11
12
40 1 1
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
toss
4033
4034
408JS
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
UIH
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
84 1
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
1)77
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
980
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
330
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
84- 85
85- 86
86- 87
87- 88
88- 89
89- 90
90- 91
909-10
910-11
911-12
*912-13
913-14
914-15
915-16
*916-17
917-18
918-19
919-20
*920-21
921-22
922-23
923-24
*924-25
925-26
926-27
927-28
*928-29
929-30
930-31
931-32
*932-33
933-34
1)34-35
1)35-36
*936-37
937-38
938-39
939-40
•940-41
3 Sukla .
4 Pramoda !) . . .
3 Jyeshtha ....
9788
29.364
496
1.488
5 Praj&pati ....
6 Angiras
7 Srimukha. . . .
8 Bh§,va
6 Angiras |
7 Srimukha ....
8 Bhava
7 Asvina
9818.
108
9865
29.454
0.324
29.595
131
9947
125
0.3931
29. 841 J
0.375
10 PataAa(KiA.)
1 Chaitra
9 Yuvan . .
9410
28.248
112
0.336
9 Yuvau
10 DhStri . .
91- 92
92- 93
93- 94
94- 95
95- 96
96- 97
97- 98
98- 99
99-100
100- 1
101- 2
102- 3
103- 4
104- 5
105- 6
106- 7
107- 8.
108- 9
109- 10
110- 11
111- 12
112- 13
1 1 3- 14
114- 15
115- 16
10 Dhatri
12 Bahudhanya . .
13 Pramathin
4 Ashailha ....
9967
29.901
646
1.938
12 Bahudhilnya . .
13 Pramathin.. . .
14 Vikrama
15 Vrisha
1 5 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhanu.
2 Vaisakha....
9642
28.926
206
0.618
16 Chitrabhanu..
1 7 Subhanu
17 Subhanu
6 Bhadrapada. .
9643
28.929
266
0.798
18 Tarana
18 Tarana
19 Parthiva .
19 Parthiva
20 Vyaya
20 Vyaya
21 Sarvaj it
4 Ashartha
9480
28.440
113
0.339
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadharin
22 Sarvadhfu-i . . .
23 Virodhiu
23 Virodhin
24 Vikrita
3 Jyeshtha
9753
29.259
530
1 . 590
24 Vikrita
25 Khara
9813
29.439
192
0.576
25 Khara
26 Nandana
26 Naudana
27 Vijaya..
27 Vijaya. . .
28 Jaya
29 Manmatha
5 Srftvana
9579
28.737
180
0.540
28 Jaya
29 Manmatha . . .
30 Durmukha . . .
31 Hemalamba.. .
I
32 Vilamba
33 Vikarin
34 Sarvari
30 Durmukha
31 Hemalamba . .
32 Vilamba . .
3 Jyeshtha
9302
27.906
37
0.111
33 Vikarin . .
34 Survari
35 Plava
2 Vaisfikha
1)7,1
29.172
204
0.612
1) See note 1, last page.
Tin-. I If. \ in' CALENDAR,
TA MLK I.
i) a — Dislinire of moon from tun. (Col. 24) i — moon's mean anomaly. • •<•=: MM'J
xli
11. ADDK1) LUNAU MONTHS
(continued.^
III. COMMF.M KMFAT O! Till;
Mean.
year.
I'tiiii-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla lit.)
Kali.
Name o!
month.
Thin- of the
preceding
:'inll
expressed in
Time of the
sailkr
exprcssril 111
Day
and Month
A. D.
(Time of the Mesha
saiiknlnti.)
Day
and Month
A. II.
\\eck
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of UJJaln.
Moon's
Age.
a.
I.
e.
Week
day.
H\ tli
Siddhinta.
|S
^ /'•
It
<x>
'£
p
3 ^
ll
d
I
S
SS
a."""
ii
§ g-
tS-a
J i
— s-
^- J5
k "&
Gh. Pa.
11. M.
8a
9a
lOa
lla
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
-.' Vaisakha....
9991
29.982
301
0.904
22 Mar. (81)
r. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mai-. (81)
•2-2 Mar. (81)
21 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (82)
22 -Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
•2-2 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (82)
V \Ve.l.
5 Tlmr.
fi Fri.
1) Sat
•2 Mm,.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thar.
OSat.
ISun.
2 MOD.
4 Wed.
5 Thur
fi Fri
OSat.
2Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Jinn.
3 Tues.
5 Thar
6 Fri.
OSat.
ISun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur
6 Fri.
1 Sun.
9 41
25 12
HI H
56 15
11 46
•11 17
42 49
58 20
13 51
•2'.) -2'2
4V :>V
0 25
15 56
31 27
4f. 59
2 30
18 1
33 32
49 4
4 35
20 6
35 37
51 9
6 40
22 11
37 42
53 14
8 45
24 IP
39 47
55 19
10 50
3 52
10 5
IP) 17
2'2 30
4 42
10 55
17 7
23 20
5 32
11 45
17 57
0 10
6 22
12 35
is V?
1 0
7 12
13 25
111 37
1 50
8 2
14 15
20 27
2 40
8 52
15 5
21 17
3 30
9 42
15 55
22 7
4 20
J3 F.-h. (54)
14 Mar. (78)
4 Mar. (63)
22 Feb. (53)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
19 Mar. (78)
7 Mar. (67)
25 Feb. (66)
16 Mar. (75)
5 Mar. (64)
23 Feb. (54)
13 Mar. (72)
2 Mar. (61)
21 Mai-. (80)
9 Mar. (69)
26 Feb. (57)
17 Mar. (76)
7 Mar. (66)
24 Feb. (55)
14 Mar. (73)
4 Mar. (63)
23 Mar. (82)
11 Mar. (71)
28 Feb. (59)
19 Mar. (78)
8 Mar. (67)
26 Feb. (57)
16 Mar. (75)
5 Mar. (64)
23 Feb. (54)
12 Mar. (72)
5 Thur.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
0 Sat.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
1 Sun.
OSat.
5 Thur.
4 Wed.
1 Sun.
5 Thur
4 Wed
ISun.
(i Fri.
5 Tlmr
2 Mon.
OSat.
5 Thur
4
0-i»
117
319
M
57
144
75
254
242
0-13
143
171
118
205
201
109
116
246
0-0
2
212
276
272
25fi
305
131
252
231
28
264
23
.012
-.Oil
.351
.957
.168
.171
.432
.225
.762
.726
- .(IV
.429
.513
.354
.615
.603
327
.348
.738
— .000
.006
.636
.828
.816
.768
.915
.393
.756
.008
.084
.792
.069
9850
9881
99
313
9
9885
9920
9795
10
44
!I'.I2<
134
169
45
79
M61
9831
9865
80
mi
9991
204
239
115
9991
25
MM]
115
150
26
240
9936
14
950
833
616
464
400
247
130
M
914
797
733
581
516
HI; i
211
117
30
877
813
'697
633
480
327
263
110
994
930
777
661
560
205
256
22s
200
249
218
201)
888
210
262
231
203
254
223
275
244
213
264
236
205
8B7
281
M)
218
269
239
ni
231
203
1011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
V017
tuls
4019
4020
4021
V0?2
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
1M-.-.I
4030
4031
4032
4033
liKll
4035
4030
1.037
4038
4040
4041
40 V-'
llO I'liustia
9829
29.488
137
0.410
»978
29.916
878
0.838
3 Jyeshtha
9807
29.422
115
0.844
12 I'lml-ima
9950
29.851
258
0.773
s kfirttika ....
9786
29.357
93
0.279
."> Sravana
9928
20.785
236
0.707
1 Chaitra
9764
29.291
71
0.213
10 Pamlia
9907
.".1.720
214
0.642
0 Hhfidrapnda..
9742
29.226
49
0.148
3 Jyeshthii ....
9885
29.654
192
0.576
11 .\lfi-ha
9720
29.160
28
0.083
© See Tc\t. Art. 101 abu\c, para -.'
xlii
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE 1.
Lunation-parts = lO.OOOM* of ft circle. A tithi = '/soM of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitr&di.
Vikrama.
P
h
•
V
>»
li
0 p
VI a;
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankr&nti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
Meshfldi (
B
IS
\A
•3 1
'-~
H
IS
OJ .
L^ "
*~^ P*
'&
£
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
e
1O
11
12
4043
4044
4045
4040
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
116-17
117-18
118-19
119-20
120-21
121-22
122-23
123-24
124-25
125-26
126-27
127-28
128-29
129-30
130-31
131-32
132-33
133-34
134-35
135-36
136-37
137-38
138-39
139-40
140-41
141-42
142-43
143-44
144-45
145-46
146-47
147-48
148-49
941-42
942-43
943-44
*944-45
945-46
946-47
947-48
*948-49
949-50
950-51
951-52
*952-53
953-54
954-55
955-56
*956-57
957-58
958-59
959-60
*960-61
961-62
962-63
963-64
*964-65
965-66
966-67
967-68
*968-69
969-70
970-71
971-72
*972-73
973-74
35 Plava
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhaua.
6 Bhudrapada. .
9677
29.031
233
0.699
36 Subhakrit
38 Krodhin
38 Krodhin
39 Visvavasu
40 Parabhava.. . .
41 Plavanga
42 Kilaka
39 Visvavasu ....
40 Parfibhava
4 Ashfidha ....
9581
28.743
' 298
0.894
41 Plavan^a
42 Kilaka
3 Jyeshtha ....
9727
29.181
495
1.485
44 Sadharana
45 Virodhakrit. . .
46 Paridhilvin
7 Asvina
9768
29.304
167
0.501
44 Sadharana.. . .
45 Virodhakrit...
46 Paridhilvi ....
47 Pramtidin
47 Pramadin
48 Ananda. . .
5 Sravana
9773
29.319
340
1.020
49 Rakshasa
49 Rakshasa
50 Anala
3 Jyeshtha ....
9260
27.780
42
0.126
50 Anala
51 Pirigala
52 Kfdayukta
52 Kalayukta....
53 Siddharthin. . .
54 Raudra
")3 Siddharthin. . .
")4 Raudra
2 Vaisakha
9894
29.682
298
0.894
6 Bhadranada..
9809
29.427
274
0.822
55 Durmati
56 Dundubhi ....
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha
59 Krodhana ....
60 Kshaya
56 Dundublii
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha ....
59 Krodhana ....
4 Ashadha ....
9588
28.764
411
1.233
60 Kshaya
3 Jyeshtha
9786
29.358
472
1.416
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhava
3 Sukla
2 Vibhava
3 Sukla
4 Pramoda
7 Asvina
9783
29.349
131
0.393
4 Pramoda
5 Prajapati
6 Angiras
7 Srimukha ....
5 Prajapati
6 Angiras .
5 Sravana
9916
29.748
537
1.611
7 Srimukha ....
8 Bhava.
'HIE llfNDU CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
M) il — Dixtillln' li/' i,l:n,, i /',•'. 1,1 .<//,/. {I'i'l. 'J I ) /; ~ ,,imi,i'x ,,>rni, liilnulillil. \Ciil. 2"l| '• — : XUH
xliii
11. AD1IKI) 1,1 NAK MONTHS
(t'tnit 1:1 t'i'd,)
111. COM.MKM'KMKNT OF TIIK
Solar jcur.
Lnni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra.Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Name of
month.
Time of the
linn-cling
snnkranti
cxpresM il in
Time of the
••in-reeding
sankranti
cx]>ressed in
1 >;.y
and Month
A. D.
(Time of the Mesha
sankranti.)
Day
anil Month
A. D.
«r«d
day.
At Sunrise on
mcrirtuin nl Ujjain.
Moon's
Age.
a.
/,.
c.
\V,vk
day.
By the Arya
Siddhanta.
a C?
||
.2
M
s
~ *~?
O i^
It
IS
P
is
ii
= M
•j-s
n
S-3
Gh. Pa
II. M.
8a
9a
lOa
lla
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
8 KArtlika
98«8
29.589
170
0.511
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar (82)
22 Mar. (81)
•2-2 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
22*Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
22 Mar. (81)
23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 \\Yd.
6Fri.
OSat.
ISun.
2 Mon.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
ISun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
fi Fri.
OSat.
ISun.
2 Mon.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
fi Kri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Tlmr.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
OSat.
26 21
41 52
57 24
12 55
28 26
43 57
59 29
15 0
30 31
46 2
1 34
17 5
32 36
48 7
3 39
19 10
34 41
50 12
5 44
21 15
36 46
52 17
7 49
23 20
38 51
54 22
9 54
25 25
40 56
56 27
11 59
27 30
43 1
10 32
16 45
5 10
11 22
17 35
23 47
6 0
12 12
18 25
0 37
i; .-.o
13 2
I'.l 15
1 27
7 40
13 52
20 5
2 17
8 30
14 42
20 55
3 7
9 20
15 32
21 45
3 57
10 10
16 22
22 35
4 47
11 0
17 12
1 Mar. (60)
20 Mar. (79,i
9 Mar. (68)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Mar. (76)
7 Mar. (66)
2 I Feb. (55)
14 Mar. (74)
3 Mar (62)
22 Mar. (81)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
18 Mar. (77)
8 Mar. (67)
26 Feb. (57)
10 Mar. (76)
5 Mar. (64)
22 Feb. (53)
13 Mar. (72)
1 Mar. (61)
20 Mar. (79)
9 Mar. (68)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Mar. (77)
7 Mar. (C6)
24 Feb. (55)
15 Mar. (74)
3 Mar. (63)
21 Mar. (80)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
18 Mar. (78)
S Mar. (67)
2 Mon
1 Sun.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
2 Mon.
OSat.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
1 Sun
5 Thnr.
4 Wed.
1 Sun.
6 Fri.
5 Thar.
3 Tnes.
OSat.
fl*Fri.
3 Tues.
ISun.
(i 1'ri.
3 Tues.
2 Mini.
OSat.
30
104
©-*
142
120
238
63
110
90
182
153
14
7
125
254
260
163
161
247
197
227
16
130
117
291
221!
BOB
49
250
20
©-»
133
.090
.312
— .n--'4
.494
.360
.714
.189
.330
.270
.546
.459
.042
.021
.375
.762
.780
.489
.483
.741
.591
.681
.048
.390
.351
.873
.669
.915
.924
.147
.750
.060
— .006
.399
9812
9846
9722
9936
9971
185
61
96
9971
6
9882
9758
9792
7
221
255
131
7
42
9917
9952
9828
42
77
291
167
201
77
9773
19*7
)•><•,:(
Js9h
112
408
844
191
74
10
894
741
677
524
460
307
155
91
974
858
794
641
488
424
271
207
54
938
874
757
605
541
388
287
171
18
954
BM
223
272
241
213
264
236
206
257
226
277
217
21 fi
267
239
211
262
231
200
252
221
272
242
213
265
237
206
257
226
275
247
2 1C,
267
239
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
40B7
4068
4069
4070
4071
1072
4073
4074
4075
4 Asha..lha
9698
20. ON
6
0.017
9841
29.523
148
0.445
10 I'.-m-ha
9984
29.952
291
0/874
11 Hliadrapada .
'.is 111
29.458
127
0.380
3 .heshtha. . . .
9962
29.886
269
0.808
11 Mftgha
9797
29.392
105
0.314
8 KArttika
9940
29.821
24S
0.743
•1 AshiM.Iha ....
9776
29.327
83
0.249
1 Cliaitra
9918
W.755
226
0.677
'J M&rgaslraha .
29.261
61
0.183
6 Bhfulrapada . .
9897
29.690
204
0.612
© See Text. Art. 101 above, para. 2.
xliv
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE 1.
I,u/u/tioii-parts — 10,000/fo of a circle. A tithi — '/.solA of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka
Chaitn'ldi.
Vikrama.
£
h
•
B
11
O fl
&&
^3
<aS
-3
J3
r-*i
kdllam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
Ijiini-Suljir
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
suceeeding
sankranti
ei pressed in
§2
It
J3
j£|
c CT
.2 — '
H
»!&
•
13
s
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
0
1O
11
12
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
408]
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
1089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
9 Hi
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
149-50
150-51
151-52
1 52-53
153-54
154-55
155-56
156-57
157-58
158-59
159-60
Hi 0-61
161-62
162 63
974- 75
975- 76
*976- 77
977- 78
978- 79
979- 80
*980- 81
981- 82
982- 83
983- 84
*984- 85
985- 86
986- 87
987- 88
*988- 89
989- 90
990 91
8 Bhava
9 Yiivau
9 Yuvan
10 Dhatri
3 Jycshtha ....
9287
27.861
5
0.015
10 Dhatri
1 1 Isvara
11 tsvara
12 Bakudhanya. .
13 Pramathiu
9862
29.586
91
0.273
12 Babudhanya . .
13 Pramathin.. . .
14 Vikrama
14 Vikrama .
5 Sravana
9411
28.233
4
0.012
15 Vrisha
15 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhanu . .
16 Chitrabhanu..
17 Subhanu
17 Subhanu
•i AsJiA.jlia ....
9545
28.635
421
1.263
18 Tarana
18 Tarana
19 Parthiva
1 9 Parthiva
20 Vvaya
3 Jycshtha ....
a
9944
29.832
529
1 . 587
20 Vyaya
21 Sarvajit
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadharin.. .
23 Virodhin
7 Asvina
9892
29.676
165
0.495
163-64
164-65
165-66
166-fi7
167-68
168-69
169-70
170-71
171-72
172-73
173-74
174-75
175-76
176-77
177-78
178-79
179-80
180-81
22 Sarvndharin . .
23 VirodMn
24 Vikrita
24 Vikrita
25 Khara
26 Nandaua
5 Sravana
9960
29.880
679
2.037
991- 92
*992- 93
993- 94
994- 95
995- 96
*996- 97
997- 98
998- 99
999-1000
"1000- 1
1001- 2
1002- 3
1003- 4
H004- 5
1005- 6
25 Khara
26 Nandana
27 Vijaya
27 Vijaya
28 Jaya
28 Jaya
29 Maumatha i). .
31 Hemalamba. . .
3 Jyeshtha
9414
28.242
30
0.090
29 Manmatha. . . .
30 Durmukha . . .
31 Hemalamba.. .
32 Vilamba
32 Vilamba
33 Vikftrin
1 Chaitra
9918
29.754
219
0.657
5 Sravaiia
9488
28.464
172
0.516
33 Vikftrin
35 Plava
34 Sftrvari
36 Subhakrit
35 Plava
37 Sobhaua,
38 Krodhin
4 Ashadha
9545
28.635
379
1.137
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana
38 Krodhin
39 Visvavasu ....
39 Visvavasu ....
40 Parabhava.. . .
41 Plavanga
2 Vaisakha ...
9717
29.151
139
0.417
!) Duraukha, No. 30, was suppressed in the north.
-
'////• IIIXDU CALENDAR.
TA HI,K I.
.' I-) // rr iiion/i'n me/ir
xlv
«'<>[. 25) c ~ .««/•
II ADDKIi I.I NAR MONTHS
(cuntiiiui'il,)
111. rnMMKM KMKNT OF TIIK
Mean.
Solar
Luni-Solar\ear. i^Civil day ,,f ( 'haitraSukla 1st.)
Kali.
Nairn: of
month.
'liinr »!' llie
preecding
sai'ikriinli
i-rl in
Time of the
'! i n.1
sankraiili
r\|>|-r.-,-nl ill
Day
and Month
\. 1).
(Time of tin M,-,ha
sai'ikrunti.)
D.:
Mhl Month
A. D.
ffetk
tlay.
At Sunrise on
lain.
Moon's
a.
b.
c.
Week
ila\.
By the Ana
Si.Mhanta.
|g
s?
Jl
an
3
r-
|S
li
.i'
15
1) ^^
U
1— >.
£•%
r- "£
fib. 1'a
II. M
8a
9a
lOa
lla
12a
13
14
16
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
2 VaisaUia
9732
29.196
80
0.118
22 Ma
2:; Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
23 Mar. (82)
•23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
23 Mar. (82)
2;l Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
23 \l;
23 M:
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
23 Mar (82 1
23 Ma.
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
23 Mai'. M
23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
23 Mar. (8J]
23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (81)
1 Sun
3 Tues.
I \Vcil.
5 Thur.
II Sat.
2 M.ni.
3 Tucs.
5 Thur
6 Fri.
0 Sat,
1 Sun.
3 Tuc».
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
1 Sun.
2 MOM
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
6 Fri.
OSat.
ISnn.
2 Mon.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
1 \Vnl.
5 Thur.
5s 32
14 4
29 35
45 6
o 37
16 9
31 40
47 11
2 42
IS 14
33 45
49 16
4 47
20 19
35 50
51 21
(i 52
22 24
37 Jo
53 26
8 57
24 29
40 0
55 31
11 2
26 34
42 5
57 36
13 7
2S 39
44 10
59 41
23 25
5 37
11 50
is 2
0 15
6 27
12 40
is r,2
1 5
7 17
13 30
19 42
1 55
8 7
14 20
20 32
2 45
S 57
15 10
21 22
3 35
9 47
16 0
22 12
4 25
10 37
16 50
23 2
5 15
11 27
17 40
23 52
25 Feb. (5fi)
Hi Mar. (75)
4 Mar. (64)
21 Ft-li
12 Mar. (71)
2 Mar. (61)
20 Mar. (80)
9 Mar. (68)
27 Feb. (58)
18 Mar. (77)
6 Mar. (66)
23 Feb. (54)
14 Mar. (73)
4 Mar. (63)
21 Mar. (81)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
19 Mar. (78)
8 Mar. (68)
25 Feb. (56)
16 Mar. (75)
5 Mar. (64)
22 Feb. (53)
12 Mar. (71)
2 Mar. (61)
21 Mar. (80)
9 Mar. (69)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Mar. (76)
8 MM
21 I'eb. (55)
13 Ma
4\W.I.
8 TDM.
OSat.
4 Wed.
8 TOM.
1 Sun.
II Sat.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
5 Thur.
2 Mon
1 Sun.
fi Fri.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
0 Fri.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tue«.
OSat.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
OSat.
5 Thur.
3 Tuea.
OSat.
5 Thur
3 Tues.
2
65
66
46
88
269
8M
4
157
182
127
136
211
277
132
263
15
•16
224
193
282
268
149
147
267
246
42
275
33
39
316
6
.006
.195
.198
.138
.264
.801
.771
.016
.471
.546
.381
.408
633
.881
.396
.789
.045
.048
.672
.579
.846
.804
.447
.441
.801
.738
.126
. S25
.099
.117
.948
.018
99SS
22
9898
'.177*
9808
23
57
9933
148
182
58
9934
9968
183
!W7'.l
93
'.i-.ifi'.i
3
218
93
128
4
!>S79
9914
128
163
39
253
9949
!1*25
39
It7:t5
685
621
468
315
251
135
71
918
801
737
585
432
36K
251
151
lit
882
818
701
548
484
332
179
115
998
934
782
665
565
295
195
808
260
2211
I'.is
2 HI
221
2?:i
212
214
265
231
203
255
226
275
247
2 1C.
2117
239
209
2dO
229
198
250
221
273
212
214
262
203
252
4076
1077
I(i7s
K>79
40RO
MIS1
4082
1088
4IIS1
40S5
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
1091
1092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
1098
4099
4100
1101
4102
4103
4104
HO.')
4106
4107
11 Ma"ha
887B
•>'.i . r.2-1
182
0.640
9710
.'9.130
17
0.052
4 AshfMlia
B8B8
89.550
160
1). ISI
9996
29.987
(68
0.909
'.1 Margasiraba .
9831
29 493
US
0.415
li Uliailrapaila .
9974
29.821
88]
0.844
ii^ikha
9809
21I.42S
117
0.350
11 MiV'hii .
0958
89.854
859
0.778
9787
29.362
BE
0.284
1 Vli:""lh:>
9930
29.790
888
0.713
U1 Phalgiiua.. ..
9766
29.297
73
0.219
\lvi
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
ts — lO.OOOM* of a circle. A (Mi = ^IsotA of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitradi.
Vikrama.
e
|
B
>••
11
O PJ
as
<5
_=
1
^-
Kollain.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
Limi-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sarikranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankrilnti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
z C?
O *— '
"S go
§~£
3s.
12
s
§s
f-SJ
= 5
^ 0.
"rS
H
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4108
410'J
UK)
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
41 IS
41 ia
4120
4121
4188
4123
4124
list
1180
4127
1188
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
9 1-2
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
413
414
tie
nr>
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
181- 82
182- 83
183- 84
184- 85
185- 86
186- 87
187- 88
188- 89
189- 90
190- 91
191- 92
192- 93
193- 94
194- 95
195- 96
196- 97
197- 98
198- 99
199-200
200- 1
201- 2
202- 3
203- 4
204- 5
205- 6
206- 7
207- 8
208- 9
209- 10
210- 11
211- 12
212- 13
1006- 7
1007- 8
*1008- 9
1009-10
1010-11
1011-12
*1012-13
1013-14
1014-15
1015-16
»1016-17
1017-18
1018-19
1019-20
"1020-21
1021-22
1022-23
1023-24
'1024-25
1025-26
1026-27
1027-28
•1028-29
1029-30
1030-31
1031-32
"1032-33
1033-34
1034-35
1035-36
•1036-37
1037-38
40 Parabhava ....
41 Plavanga
42 Kilaka
42 Kilaka
6 Bhadrapada. .
9657
28.971
80
0.240
43 Sauraya
44 SAdharana
43 Saumya
44 Sttdharana
45 Virodhakrit . .
46 Paridhavin . . .
47 Pramadin
48 A Manila
45 Virodhakrit. . .
46 Paridhavin . . .
5 Sravami
9924
29.772
725
2.175
47 Pramadin ....
48 Ananda
49 Rakshasa
3 Jyeshtha. . . .
MOO
28.818
155
0.465
50 Anala
...
49 Rakshasa .
.">! Pingala
1 Cbaitra
9896
29.688
251
0.753
50 Anala
52 KAlavukta ....
51 Pinirala
53 Siddharthin . .
54 Raudra
9474
28.422
268
0.759
52 Kalayukta
53 Siddharthin.. .
54 Raudra . .
55 Durmati . .
56 DundubM ....
57 Rudliirodgarin
58 Raktaksha....
4 AshiUlha ....
9635
28.905
373
1.119
55 Durmati
56 Dundubhi. . . .
57 Rndhirodgarin
58 Raktuksha.. ..
59 Krodhana ....
60 Kahaya
59 Krodhana ....
60 Kshava
2 VaUaklia. . . .
9783
29.349
288
0.864
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhava..
6 Bhadrapada..
9770
29.310
263
0.789
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhava... .
3 Sukla
4 Pramoda
9898
29.694
693
2.079
3 Sukla
5 Prajapati
4 Pramoda
6 Ai'igiras
5 Prajapati ....
7 Srimukha
8 Bhiiva
3 Jyeshtha ....
9781
29.343
347
1.041
6 Ai'igiras
7 SrSmukha ....
8 Bhava
9 Yuvan
10 Dhatri
1 Cbaitra
9859
29.577
215
0.645
9 Yuvan
11 Isvara. .
10 Dhiitri.
12 Balimlhanya . .
13 Pramathin
5 Sravana
9438
28.314
241
0.723
11 isvara
Till: I! I MU' CALENDAR,
T A I5U<; I.
xlvii
— : Dislniire of moon Jri,i,i XH,I (t.'al. 21) fi = moon's menu iianniiili/. If'ul. 25) r z= sun's im-iia iinointily.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS
(continued.)
III. COMMKNCKMKNT Ol THK
Mean.
Solar year.
I.niii-Solnr year. (Civil da\ of ( 'haitra Snkla 1st.)
Kali.
Name (if
month.
I'iinr of the
|m M
•iankrunti
r\ pressed in
'I'inii1 <>( the
noeMdiog
sankraliti
cipivisral ill
Day
anil Month
A. D.
(Time of the Mcsha
sankrAnti.)
Day
and Month
A. D.
Work
day.
At Hunrl.v
meridian of UJjaln.
Moon'i
Age.
a.
b.
c.
Week
day.
By tin
Siddhanta.
§3
!l
^ c.
A
i
B
a C?
-S ^
1-8
Si
in
'£
B
fCf
s.~
*1
a c.
^-i
.s-t
~ 1-
B-f
Gh. Pa.
II. M.
8a
9a.
lOa
11s
12a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
'J Margastrsha .
9908
29.725
216
0.647
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
-'3 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar (82)
22 Mar. (82i
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
22 -Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
22 Mar. (82)
23 -Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
22 .Mar (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 .Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (83)
23 Mar. (82)
0 Sat.
ISun.
2 Mon
t Wed.
5 Tlnir.
(1 Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Tlnir.
0 Sat.
ISun.
•_' Mon.
3 Tues.
5 Thur.
r, lYi.
OSat.
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur
fi Fri.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
6M.
D Sat.
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed
15 12
30 44
4fi 15
1 46
17 17
32 49
•IS 20
3 51
19 22
34 54
50 25
5 56
21 27
36 59
52 30
8 1
23 32
39 4
54 35
10 6
25 37
41 9
56 40
12 11
27 42
43 14
58 45
14 16
29 47
45 19
0 50
16 21
6 5
12 17
18 30
0 42
6 55
13 7
19 20
1 32
7 45
13 57
20 10
2 22
8 35
14 47
21 (1
3 12
9 25
15 37
21 50
4 2
10 15
16 27
22 40
4 52
11 5
17 17
23 30
5 42
11 55
18 7
0 20
6 32
3 Mar. (62)
22 Mar. (81)
11 Mar. (71)
28 Feb. (59)
19 Mar. (78)
S Mar. (67)
25 Feb. (56)
15 Mar. (74)
4 Mar. (63)
22 Feb. (53)
12 .Mar. (72)
2 .Mar. (61i
21 Mar. (80)
10 Mar. (69)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Mar. (76)
li Mar. (65)
b. (54)
13 Mar. (78)
3 Mar. (62)
22 Mar. (81)
12 Mar. (71)
29 Feb. (60)
1'.) Mar. (78)
8 Mar. (67)
25 Feb. (56)
15. Mar. (75)
4 Mar. (63)
22 Feb. i53i
13 Mil
1 Mar. (61)
20 Mar. (79)
1 San.
OSat.
5 Thur.
2 MOM.
1 Sun.
5 Thur.
2 MOM.
1 Sun.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
2 Mon.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
4 Wed.
3 Tues.
ISun.
5 Thur.
4 Wed.
ISun.
5 Thur.
4 Wed.
ISun.
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
158
137
255
75
122
101
100
105
28
l <;:>
HO
288
174
168
257
208
47
32
146
133
304
232
316
319
L'lS
MM
M
L5fl
148
12
77
.474
.411
.227
.366
.303
.300
.495
.084
t'.ir,
.420
.804
.825
. :,:.' -2
.504
.771
.(124
.141
.096
.438
.399
. 9 1 2
.696
.948
.957
.744
.708
. IDS
. n;s
.4H
.031!
.231
9950
'.I'.IS t
199
71
lO'.l
9985
9860
9S9.-,
9771
9985
20
234
269
144
20
55
9930
9806
9841
55
90
304
180
215
90
9966
1
9876
91
125
1
36
79
14
898
745
I!M
528
37<i
312
159
12
978
862
798
645
492
428
271!
123
59
912
878
762
609
:, I.',
392
239
17.-.
22
906
841
689
625
224
247
216
M8
206
257
198
250
221
273
212
211
262
232
201
252
224
27.-.
247
217
268
287
206
258
227
199
MO
no
270
4108
4109
HID
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
nis
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
41 3 s
4139
9744
29.231
51
0.153
•2 VaisAkha
9886
29.659
194
0.582
10 Pansha.
9722
29.166
29
0.088
7 Asvina
9865
29.594
172
0.516
3 Jyeshtha. . . .
9700
29.100
7
o.oss
12 PhAl.nuna.. . .
0848
.".) . 529
150
(1. 151
9 M&rgasireha .
9986
BO. 057
808
0 879
5 Sravana ....
9821
29 . K>3
188
0.885
•2 Vaisikha....
9964
29 . S'.l ]
271
0.813
ID I'ausha
9799
29.398
107
0.320
'.ill t2
29.K2<>
219
0.748
\l\iii
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
l:H,iiiii<:>i-ii<irtx = KMIOO///K of ii rirclf. A (Mi = V:i»M nf the moon'.* xi/notlir revolution.
I. CONCIIJKIAT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
•
Kali.
Sukii.
'•3 a
11
p*
^s
|
>t
£ &
*J
a
J=
«
i
kollain.
A. 1).
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solat
cycle.
(Southern.)
Itrihaspati
oycl«
(Northern)
current
at Meshii
sankranti.
Name of
mouth.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
a C?
o C-'
S" «
3 S
Z a
P
ea ^
1 £
11
VI
3
s
o>
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
AO
11
12
4140
1111
4112
4143
4144
4145
4146
4141
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4151
4155
4156
1157
4168
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
41(15
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
961
962
9 tiH
MM
MS
966
967
UB
969
970
Wl
972
973
974
975
978
977
978
979
980
981
982
'JS3
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
109fi
1097
1098
109!)
1100
1101
11(12
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
llli
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
445
446
417
448
44!l
450
451
168
453
154
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
487
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
213- 14
214- 15
215- 16
216- 17
217- 18
218- 19
219- 20
220- 21
221- 22
222- 23
223- 24
224- 25
225- 26
226- 27
227- 28
228- 29
229- 30
230- 31
231- 32
232- 33
233- 34
234- 35
235- 36
236- 37
237- 38
238- 39
239- 40
240- 41
241- 42
242- 43
243- 44
1038-39
1039-10
•1040-41
1041-12
1042-13
1043-44
•1044-45
1045-46
1046-47
1047-48
•1048-49
1049-50
1050-51
1051-52
•1052-53
1053-54
1054-55
1055-56
•1056-57
1057-58
1058-59
1059-60
•1060-61
1061-62
1062-63
1063-64
•1064-65
1065-66
1066-67
1067-68
•1068-69
12 Bahudhiinya . .
13 Pramathin . . .
14 Vikrama
15 Yri<ha
1 5 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhauu
4 Aslia.lha
9811
29.433
606
1 SIS
17 Subhanu
16 Chitrabhauu. .
17 Subhanu
IS Tarawa
19 Parthiva
18 Tarana
2 YnislklKi . i .
9763
29.289
343
1.029
19 Parthiva
20 Vvaya
1! Blia.lrapaila..
978«
29. 3 55
165
I .•:>'.<:,
20 Vyaya
22 Sai'vadhariu
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadhuriii . .
23 Virodhin
21 Vikrita . .
23 Virodhin ,
24 Vikvita
5 Sravana
9288
27 . 864
666
1 .'.Mis
25 Khara
26 Nandana
27 Vijaya ....
:! ,1 \cslit ha. . . .
9867
29.601
522
1.566
25 Khara
26 Nandana
27 Viiava .
28 Jaya |
7 Asviua
1(1 /V/M//W (A.Y//.)
1 Cliaitra
9874
93
9896
29.622
0.279
29.688
147
9938
193
0.441]
29. 81 4 j
0.579
29 Mamnatha
30 Durmukha
28 Java
29 Mamnatha. . . .
30 Durmukha . . .
31 Hemalamba. . .
32 Vilamba . .
31 Hemalamba.. .
32 Vilamba
5 Sravana
9152
28.356
200
0 . 600
33 Vikariu
34 Sarvari
3 Jveshtha. . . .
9382
28.116
5
0.015
33 Vikarin
35 Plava
34 Sarvari .
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana
35 Plava
•2 Vaisakhii. . . .
9726
29.178
316
0.948
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana
38 Krodhin
39 Visvavasu ....
40 Parabhava.. . .
41 Plavanga
42 Kilaka
38 Krndhin
39 Visvavasu
10 Pariibhava
6 BhiUrapada . .
9713
29 . 229
370
1.110
42 Kilaka
43 Saumya .
1 Aslui'Uia ....
9475
28.125
97
0.293
44 Sadharana
Till: ///A7> I C.-1 1. ENDAR.
T A \\ L K I.
IS) it — Ilis/iiiii-i; nf moon from sun. (Col. 24) b r= moons mean ati'-* /. 25) c ~ sun's mean
xl i x
II ADDKl) LUNAR MONTHS
fra»<<n»«rf.J
III. COMMKM'KMENT OK TI1K
Mean.
Solar year.
I.uni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Name nf
month.
Time uf the
luvnilin;..'
Minkrfmli
expressed in
Time- ,,f the
' ilintr
saiikranti
expressed in
Dq
anil Month
A. 1).
(Time of the Mcsha
sanki-Hiiti i
Day
anil Month
A. D.
Week
,lay.
At Hum-Is
mcrfdJan of Ujjafn.
Moon'i
Age.
a.
*.
r.
Week
day.
By the \ r\ a
Sidilhi'iula
§s
li
1
H
a C?
li
.22
ja
p
si
U
.si
-= H
BJ
Gh. 1'a.
II. M.
8a
9a
10a
lla
12a
1.3
14
16
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (83)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
•23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (83)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mai-. (83)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
2:i Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (88)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 .Mar. (83)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (83)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (83;
23 .Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
24 Mar. (83)
,'3 Mar. (83)
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
1 Sun.
2 MIIU.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
6Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
6Fri.
OSat.
2Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2Mon.
3 Tues.
5 Thar.
6Fri.
OSat.
ISun.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
OSat.
1 Sun.
31 .12
47 24
2 .15
1- U
33 57
49 29
5 0
20 31
36 2
51 34
7 5
22 30
88 7
53 39
9 10
24 41
40 12
55 44
11 15
26 46
42 17
57 49
13 20
28 51
44 22
59 54
15 '.'.I
30 56
46 27
1 59
17 30
12 45
18 57
1 10
7 22
i:t 35
lit t7
2 0
s 12
14 25
20 37
2 50
9 2
15 15
21 27
3 40
9 52
16 5
22 17
4 30
10 42
16 55
23 7
5 20
11 32
17 45
23 57
fi 10
12 22
IS 35
0 47
7 0
'.1 Mar. (68)
26 Feb. (57)
1C Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (65)
23 Feb. (54)
1 t Mar. (73)
3 Mar. (63)
22 Mar (81)
11 Mar. (70)
28 Feb. (59)
18 Mar. (78)
7 Mar. (66)
25 Feb. (56)
16 Mar. (75)
4 Mar. (64)
22 Feb. (58)
13 Mar. (72)
2 Mar. (61)
20 Mar. (80)
9 Mar. (68)
•>G Feb. (57)
17 Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (66)
23 Feb. (54)
14 Mar. (73)
4 Mar. (63)
21 Mar. (81)
10 Mar. (69)
28 Feb. (59)
18 Mar. (77)
7 Mar. (67)
5 Thur.
•> Mon.
1 Sun.
6Fri.
3 Tues.
2 Mon.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
OSat.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
ISun.
OSat.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
5 Thur.
4 Wed.
1 Sun.
5 Thur
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
1 Sun.
5 Thnr.
! Tues.
1 Sun.
6 Fri.
71
56
102
283
42
20
171
195
187
144
222
134
298
280
30
200
236
202
291
277
162
162
285
47
56
285
43
49
327
21
173
.222
.168
.806
.849
.126
.060
.513
.585
.411
.432
.666
.402
.894
.540
.090
.600
.708
.606
.878
M]
.486
.486
.855
.141
.168
.855
.129
.147
.981
.063
.(19
'J'.l 11
117^7
!»S22
N
9912
9946
161
195
71
9947
9981
9857
71
106
9982
196
231
107
141
17
9892
9927
142
17
52
2(111
9962
9838
52
1748
I'.M-,:!
474
32(1
>M
139
986
922
806
742
589
436
372
219
103
89
886
769
705
553
489
336
183
119
3
850
786
669
569
416
800
199
83
240
209
MC
232
201
252
224
276
245
214
265
285
206
258
227
199
250
219
271
240
209
260
232
201
253
225
273
242
214
263
285
11 »0
41 H
4H2
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
1151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
1 1 Ml
4160
4161
4 1H2
4163
4164
4165
4166
41(57
4168
4169
4170
3 Jye*htha
9777
29.332
So
0.254
12 PhfUgiina . . .
9920
29.760
227
0.682
8 karltika
9756
29.267
63
0.189
T> Sp'ivana
9898
29.695
206
0.617
1 Chaitra
9734
29.201
41
0.123
}lO Pausha
9876
29.629
184
0.551
(> Bhadrapada..
9712
29.136
19
0.058
3 Jyrshtha
9855
29.564
162
0.486
12 I'liahruiia.. ..
9997
89. MS
305
0.914
8 Karttika
mt
29.498
140
0.420
."i Sravatia
9976
29.927
283
0.849
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE 1.
— lO,000//<a of a circle. A litlii = 'r.mi/i of llm moon'* synodic revolution.
1. COXCriilil'IXT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Chaitmdi.
Vikrama.
a
!
fl
X
ec
B
Kollam.
A. 1).
Samvatsara.
True.
I.uni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Meslia
sarikranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankr&nti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankriinti
expressed in
.2 ^
K- CL,
'3
.13
in
s
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4171
417-'
4178
4174
4175
4176
4177
1178
4179
4180
4181
4182
1 1 *3
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
H96
4187
4198
4199
4200
1201
4202
992
993
911 1
111)5
996
997
998
BM
1000
1001
1002
LOOS
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
182
1133
1131
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
L144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
ISl
485
Lgfl
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
-'44-15
2 15-46
246-47
247-48
248-49
249-50
250-51
251-52
252-53
253-54
254-55
255-56
256-57
267-58
258-59
259-60
260-61
261-62
262-63
263-64
264-65
2(55-66
266-67
267-68
268-69
269-70
270-71
271-72
272-73
274-75
.i-76
1069- 70
1070- 71
1071- 72
*1072- 73
1073- 74
1074- 75
1075- 76
*1076- 77
1077- 78
1078- 79
1079- 80
"1080- 81
1081- 82
1082- 83
1083- 84
*1084- 85
1085- 86
1086- 87
1087- 88
*1088- 89
1089- 90
1090- 91
1091- 92
*1092- 93
1093- 94
1094- 95
1111)5- 96
"1(11)6- 97
1097- 98
1098- 99
1099-100
"1100- 1
43 Saumya
14 Sudharana . . .
45 Virodhnkvit . . .
45 Virodhakrit .. . .
3 Jyeshtha ....
9864
29 . 592
612
1.836
17 Prammlin ....
7 Asvina
9901
29 . 703
258
0.774
5 Sravana
9571
28.713
217
0.651
49 Rakshasa
51 Pingala
53 Siddharthin . .
3 Jyeshtha ....
9404
28.212
125
0.375
52 Kalayukta
53 Siddharthin . .
54 Raudra
55 Durmati
56 Dundubhi ....
57 Rudhirodgiirin
58 Raktaksha ....
">7 Rodhirodg&rin
2 Vaisaklia. . . .
9^56
29.268
281
0.843
VJ Krodhana . . . .
6 BhAdrapada. .
9733
29.199
329
0.987
4 Aslui'llia . . .
9629
28.887
282
0.846
60 Ksliaya
1 Prabhnva
2 Vibhava
3 Sukla
5 Prajapati
3 .1 \ eshtha ....
9819
29.457
605
1.815
3 Sukla
4 Pramoda
7 Srimukha . . . .
8 UhAva
7 Asvina
9875
29.625
271
0.813
7 Srimukha ....
8 Blwvt
10 Dhatri.
5 Sravaua
9763
29.289
336
1.008
1 0 Dhatri
13 Pramathin
:! .1 \cshtha ....
9363
28 . 089
147
0.441
12 Bahudh&nya .
13 Pramathin
14 Vikrama
16 Chitrabhanu . .
17 Subhiinu
2 Vaisaklw. . .
9885
29.655
323
0.969
') Dundubhi, Xo. 56, was suppressed in the north.
''•'>} <i z=
Tin: ni.\ nu c,i /./•:. \ a. IK.
TA IJI.M I.
a/ li = MOOII'X t/ieiin anomaly. (Col. 25) c = gun's mean aaomnly.
II ADDKD I.1NAK MONTHS
(continued.)
III. < OMMF.M'KMKNT <>F THE
If MO,
Solar
Liini-Solar \ i-.tr. i.Ciul day of (.'hail ra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Name of
month.
Time- of the
preci-iliuu'
sank r
r\|)n»rit in
Time of the
succmliiiL'
sanknnili
expresM il m
Day
ami \lniith
\. D.
(Time of the Mesha
sankriinti.)
Day
and Month
A. D
Wed
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of rjjaln.
Muun's
t
4.
c.
Week
day.
My tin: Arya
Siddhanta.
o C'
c d-
14
Jl
•2
12
5
a C?
O v^
It
'3
£
ji
= «
hJ'B
« •«
s-i
(ill. 1'a
H. M.
8a
9a
lOa
lla
12 a
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
1 l'li;lilr;i .
9811
29. 43:
118
0.851
23 Mai'. 'Si
23 Mar. (82
24 Mar. (83
23 -Mar. (83
23 Mar. iS2
23 Mar. (82
21 Mar. (S3
23 Mar. (83
23 .Mar. (82
23 Mar. (82
-.'1 Mar. (83
23 .Mar. (83)
23 Mar. (82
88 Mi
24 Mar. (83)
23 Ma
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
24 Mar. (83)
23 Mar. (83)
23 Mar. (82)
23 Mar. (82)
24 Mar. (83)
23 Mar. (83)
23 .Mar. (82)
24 Mar. (83)
24 Mar. (83)
23 Mar. (83)
23 Mar. (82)
24 Mar. (83)
24 Mar. (83)
23 Mar. (83)
-.' MOM
3 Tues.
5 Tlmr
li Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
3 Tues.
1 \\ 0,1.
5 Tlmr
6 Fri.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tncs.
4 Wed.
ft Fri.
0 Sat.
1 Sun.
2Mon.
t \\ nl.
5 Tlmr.
5 Fri.
OSat.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
i Fri.
OSat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
4 Wed.
o Tlmr
6 Fri.
4 4
1!) 35
:;.-) f
.vi :;:
6 9
21 40
37 11
52 42
8 14
23 45
39 16
54 47
10 19
25 50
41 21
51; .-,2
12 24
27 55
43 26
58 57
14 29
30 0
45 31
1 2
16 34
32 5
47 36
3 7
18 39
34 10
13 li.
in 2r
1 37
; 51
14 2
20 15
2 27
8 40
14 52
21 5
3 17
:i :K
15 42
21 55
4 7
10 20
16 32
22 45
4 r,7
11 10
17 22
23 35
5 47
12 0
18 12
0 25
6 37
12 50
19 2
1 15
7 27
13 40
25 Feb. (56)
111 M.-ir (75
5 Mar. (64)
23 Mar. (83)
12 Mar. (71
1 Mar. (60
20 Mar. u'.\
8 Mar. (68
26 Feb. (57
17 Mar. (76
7 Mar. (66
24 Feb. (55)
14 Mar. (73)
3 Mai
22 Mar. (81)
10 Mar. (70)
27 Fob. (58)
18 Mar. (77)
8 Mar. (67)
2(i Feb. (57)
16 Mar. (75)
5 Mar. (64)
23 Mar. (82)
12 Mar. (72)
1 Mar. (60)
20 Mar. (79)
9 Mar. (68)
27 Feb. (58)
17 Mar. (76)
6 Mar. (65)
24 Feb. (55)
13 Mar. (73)
4 Wed.
3 Tues
OSat.
(i Kri.
3 Tues.
0 Sat.
(i Fri.
3 Tues.
ISun.
OSat.
5 Thur
2 Mon.
1 Sun.
5 Tlmr
4 Wed.
ISun.
5 Tbur.
4 Wed.
2 Mon.
OSat.
6 Fri.
'! Tin-.
ISun.
6 Fri.
3 Tues.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
1 Wed
3 Tues.
OSat.
5 Thur.
3 Tues.
289
271
87
134
110
111
176
44
181
158
283
130
186
177
266
221
61
ta
161
302
318
241
18
328
260
881
52
171
163
23
306
85
.867
.813
.261
.402
.330
.333
.588
.132
.543
.474
.849
.390
. 55£
.531
798
.663
.183
.144
.483
.906
.954
.723
.054
.984
.780
.843
.156
.513
.489
069
91*
255
177
212
87
122
'.I'.I'N
0874
'.I'.IOS
9784
9998
33
847
123
158
33
68
9944
9819
9854
68
283
317
193
• Sx'.l
103
9979
14
1889
104
138
14
229
9925
966
902
71'.
fist
533
380
316
165
47
983
866
713
lil'.i
497
432
280
127
63
946
830
766
613
513
396
243
180
27
910
SM;
693
577
477
207
227
248
217
268
237
209
Ml
232
202
253
222
273
243
212
263
235
207
S58
2i' 7
276
21H
217
888
237
209
261
230
202
250
4171
U72
U78
n7 1
4175
117«
1177
4178
4179
4180
4181
41 Si
4183
HSI
4185
418fi
4187
4IS*
41K9
H90
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
H96
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
1202
If) 1'ail^ha
9954
29. sfii
261
0.783
fi Uhiulrapada . .
9789
29.367
97
0.290
3 .1 \enllt ha ....
MM
29.796
239
0.718
11 Mfitfha
9767
29.302
75
0.224
S Kfn-itika .. .
9910
29.730
217
0.652
t ;Uh:i'liia ....
9745
29.236
53
0. I.V.I
1 Chaitra
9888
29.665
196
0.687
'.) MArgaslreha .
9724
29.171
31
0.093
11 Hhrnlr:i]iada..
98Cfi
29.599
174
0.521
i! Vaisflklia. . . .
9702
29.105
8
0.028
11 MAgha
9845
29.534
152
0.456
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
l,i<Hiitio»-p«rts = 10,OOOM.« of a circle. A tithi = lJ3ot/i of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAH.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitrfldi.
Yikrama.
i
>>
li
fl
-3
«B
"I
S
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
I.nni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sarikranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
|S
'^~,
3 1.
S
'&
|2
• 4
II
1
£
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
421fi
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
276- 77
277- 78
278- 79
279- 80
280- 81
281- 82
282- 83
283- 84
284- 85
285- 86
286- 87
287- 88
288- 89
289- 90
290- 91
291- 92
292- 93
293- 94
294- 95
295- 96
296- 97
297- 98
298- 99
299-300
300- 1
301- 2
302- 3
303- 4
304- 5
305- 6
306- 7
307- 8
308- 9
1101- 2
1102- 3
1103- 4
*1104- 5
1105- 6
1106- 7
1107- 8
*1108- 9
1109-10
1110-11
1111-12
*1112-13
1113-14
1114-15
1115-16
*1116-17
1117-18
1118-19
1119-20
*1120-21
1121-22
1122-23
1123-24
*1124-25
1125-26
1126-27
1127-28
*1128-29
1129-30
1130-31
1131-32
*1 132-33
1133-34
15 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhanu. .
17 Subhanu
18 Tarana
19 Purthiva
6 Khudrapadu . .
9818
29.454
328
0.984
20 Vyaya
18 Tarawa
21 Sarvajit.
4 Ashadha ....
9677
29.031
453
1.359
19 Parthiva
22 Sarvadharin
20 Vyava
23 Virodhin
24 Vikrita
3 Jyeshtha ....
9830
29.490
563
1.689
22 Sarvadharin , .
23 Virodhin
24 Vikrita
26 Nandana
27 Vijaya
7 Asviua
9852
29.556
230
0 . 690
28 Java
26 Nandami . .
:29 Manmatha.. . .
5 Sravana
9941
29.823
524
1.572
27 Viiaya
28 Jaya
29 Manmatha.. . .
30 Durmukha . . .
31 Hemalamba.. .
32 Vilamba
33 Vikarin
34 Sarvari
32 Vilamba
33 Vikarin
3 Jyeshtha
9349
28.047
107
0.321
34 Siirvari
35 Plava
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana
38 Krodhin
1 Chaitra
6 Bhadrapacla . .
9876
9990
29.628
29.970
78
421
0.234
1.263
35 Plava
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana ....
39 Visvavasu
40 Parabhava.. .
4 Ashadha
9655
28.965
512
1.536
38 Krodhin
39 Visvavasu. .. .
40 Panlbhava ....
41 Plavanga
42 Kilaka
42 Kilaka
43 Saumya
3 Jyeshtha
9939
29.817
575
1.725
45 Virodhakrit..
7 Asviua
9910
29.730
223
0.669
44 Sadh.urai.rn ....
45 Yirodhakrit.. .
46 Paridhuvin . . .
47 Pramiidin ....
47 Pramudiu
48 Ananda
49 Rukshasa
4 Aslifulha . . .
9201
27.603
37
0.111
50 Anala
////•: ///.\/>r CALENDAR. liii
TABLE I.
(Col. 23) a ~ Distaure of moon from .tun. (Col. 24) b zz: moon's mean anomaly. (Col. 25) r — *«»'.« xtm?» iiaomnly.
III. COM M KM '!•; \1KNT OK THE
Solar year.
l.mil-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
At Hunrlsi- »n
{Time of the Mcshi* saiikrilnti.)
meridian ot L'Jjuln.
MOOB'I
Day
1 >a\
Aee
Kali
:nnl Month.
A. I).
Weal
By the Ana
Siddhantii.
By (he Sun, a
Siddhanta.
and Mcinth
A 1)
Week
.lav.
"6*"
a.
fj.
e.
P
.s-8
day.
i]
-g 1
£,2
Gh Pa.
11 M.
(II, 1':..
II. \l.
II
**f
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
23 Mar. (82). .
0 Sat
49 41
19 52
52 27
20 59
2 Mar. (61).
U S;it.. . .
66
.198
9800
324
220
4203
| 24 Mar. (83)..
2 MOD....
5 12
:.' 5
7 58
3 11
21 Mar. (80)..
ti Kri,...
115
.345
11X3.-
MM
271
4204
24 Mar. (S:!i.
3 Tues....
20 44
8 17
23 30
9 24
11 Mar. (70)..
4 Wed...
298
.894
49
143
243
4205
23 Mar. (83)..
4 Wed ....
3fi 15
14 30
39 1
15 36
28 Feb. (59)..
1 Snn. . .
59
.177
'.»'.I2.-
991
212
420(1
23 Mnr. (82) . .
5 Thur...
51 46
20 42
54 33
21 49
18 Mar. (77). .
0 Sat
38
.114
9960
927
263
4207
24 Mar. (83) . .
0 Sat
7 17
2 55
10 4
4 2
s Mar. (67)..
5 Thur...
184
.552
174
810
235
4208
24 Mar. (83)..
1 .Sun. . . .
22 49
9 7
25 36
10 14
25 Feb. (56). .
2 Mon ...
n
.231
50
M7
204
4209
23 Mar. (83)..
2 MOD
38 20
15 20
41 7
16 27
15 Mar. (75)..
1 Sun
146
.438
84
593
256
4210
23 Mar. (82)..
3 Tues. . . .
53 51
21 32
56 39
22 39
4 Mar. (63). .
5 Thur. . .
152
.456
9960
440
225
4211
24 Mar. (83)..
5 Thur. . .
9 22
3 45
12 10
4 52
23 Mar. (82)..
1 Wed....
234
.702
ii'.i'.i:
I7(
276
4212
24 Mar. (83)..
6 Fri
24 54
9 57
27 42
11 5
12 Mar. (71)..
1 Sun
148
.444
9870
22
245
4213
2:! Mar. (88)..
0 Sat
40 25
16 10
13 13
17 17
1 Mar. (61)..
6 Fri
314
.942
85
107
217
4214
23 Mar. (82)..
1 Sun
55 56
22 22
58 45
23 30
20 Mar. (79)..
5 Thur...
297
.891
119
43
269
4215
24 Mar. (83)..
3 Tnes. . . .
11 27
4 35
14 16
5 43
9 Mar. (68)..
2 Mon. . .
45
.135
9995
890
238
4216
24 Mar. (83). .
4 Wed....
2(5 59
10 47
29 48
11 55
27 Feb. (58). .
0 Sat
214
.642
210
774
210
4217
23 Mar. (83)..
5 Thur. . .
42 30
17 0
45 19
18 8
17 Mar. (77). .
6 Fri
M8
.744
244
710
261
4218
23 Mar. (82). .
6 Fri
58 1
23 12
+0 51
tO 20
6 Mar. (65)
3 Tue».
210
.630
120
5'7
230
421'J
24 Mar. (83) . .
1 Sun
13 32
5 25
1 " ***•
16 22
6 33
23 Feb. (54)..
0 Sat
218
.654
9995
404
199
4220
24 Mar. (83). .
2 Hon....
29 4
11 37
31 54
12 46
H Mar. (73)..
6 Fri
288
.864
30
340
251
4221
23 Mar. (83)..
3 Tues. . . .
11 3.">
17 r.D
47 25
18 58
2 Mar. (62)..
3 Tues....
176
.528
9906
187
220
4222
24 Mar. (83)..
5 Thur. . .
0 6
0 2
2 57
1 11
21 Mar. (80)..
2 MOD....
179
.537
9941
123
271
4223
24 Mar. (83)..
6 Kri
1 5 37
6 15
18 29
7 23
11 Mar. (70)..
0 Sat
301
11(13
155
7
243
4224
-'1 Mar. (83)..
0 Sat
31 9
12 27
34 0
13 36
28 Feb. (59)..
4 Wed....
62
1 Mi
81
854
212
4225
Mar (83). .
1 Sun
46 40
18 40
49 32
19 49
18 Mar. (78)..
3 Tues....
69
207
65
790
264
4226
24 Mar. (83)..
3 Tues....
2 11
0 52
5 3
2 1
8 Mar. (67)..
1 Sun
MM
8KS
280
074
235
4227
24 Mar. (83)..
1 Wed....
17 42
7 5
20 35
8 14
25 Feb. (56)..
5 Thur...
279
837
155
m
205
4228
24 Mar. (83)..
5 Thur...
33 14
13 17
36 6
14 26
15 Mar. (74)..
3 Tues....
59
177
9851
420
253
4229
23 Mar. (83)..
r, Fri
48 45
19 30
51 38
20 39
3 Mar. (63)..
0 Sat
7
021
9727
2i»s
222
1230
24 Mar. (83). .
1 Sun
4 16
1 42
7 9
2 52
22 Mar. (81)..
6 Fri
36
108
»762
204
274
4231
24 Mar. (83) . .
2 Mou ...
19 47
7 55
22 41
9 4
12 Mar. (71)..
4 Wed....
189
567
9976
87
246
4232
24 Mar. (83)..
3 Tues....
35 19
14 7
38 12
15 17
2 Mar. (61)..
2 Mon....
306
Oil
190
971
218
1233
23 Mar. (83)..
4 Wed . . .
50 50
20 20
53 44
21 30
20 Mar. (80). .
1 Sun....
288
864
225
907
269
4234
24 Mar. (83). .
6 Kri
(i 21
2 32
9 15
3 42
9 Mar. (68). .
5 Thar...
101
303
101
754
238
1235
t Wherever these marks occur the ila\ of the month and week-day in cols 13, 11 should, for Snrya Siddhanta calculations,
be advanced In 1. Thus in A.I). 1117-18 the' ilesha sankranti date by the Snrya Siddlulnta is March 2nii. (0 s:,nirda}.
liv
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Lunation-parts — 10,000^,? of it circle. A tithi = *J3otA of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitnull.
Vikrama.
|
ft
o c
£•«
a
1
S3
Kollam.
A. 1).
Samvatsara.
True.
Lnni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sarikvanti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
saiikranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
saiikranti
expressed in
£5 ^p
II
5 1
en
'•3
JH
JS
~C3 •
ca -e
= £
^ S.
OB
°pS
£
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
I24r
4247
1248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
541
542
543
544
545
541
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
56]
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
57'
572
573
309-10
310 11
1134-35
1135-36
*1136-37
1137-38
1138-39
1139-40
*1140-41
1141-42
1142-43
1143-44
*1144-45
1145-46
1146-47
1147-48
*1148-49
1149-50
1150-51
1151-52
*1152-53
1153-54
1154-55
1155-56
*1156-57
1157-58
1158-59
1159-60
*1160-61
1161-62
1162-63
1163-64
*1164-65
1165-66
1166-67
51 Pingala
52 K&Iayukta
3 Jyeshtha ....
9422
28.266
92
0.276
49 Rakshasa
311-12
312-13
313-14
314-15
315-16
316-17
317-18
318-19
319-20
320-21
321-22
322-23
323-24
324-25
325-26
326-27
327-28
328-29
329-30
330-31
331-32
332-33
333-34
334-35
335-36
336-37
337-38
338-39
339-40
340-41
341-42
50 Anala
51 Pinoula ... .
53 Siddharthiu
1 Chaitra
9987
29.961
212
0.636
52 Kfilayukta. . . .
53 Siddharthiu. . .
54 Raudra
56 Dimdubki . . .
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha
9547
28.641
182
0.546
56 Dundubhi. . . .
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha . . .
59 Krodhana ....
4 Ashfulha ....
9623
28.869
490
1.470
59 Krudhana ....
2 Vaisakha ....
9733
29.199
136
0.408
3 Sukla
6 Bhadrapada . .
9653
28.959
(15
0.195
2 Vibhava
3 Sukla
4 Pramoda
7 Srimukha ....
8 BlrWa
4 Ashfulha ....
9160
27.480
35
0.105
6 Angiras
7 Srimukha ....
8 Bhava
9 Yuvan
10 Dhatri
10 Dhatri
3 Jyeshtha
9591
28.773
169
0.507
12 BahudhCmya . .
13 Pramathin
12 Phfilguna....
9851
29.553
0
0.001
12 Bahiidhanya. .
13 Pramathin. . . .
15 Vrisha
9578
28.734
314
0.942
16 Chitrabhanu
17 Subhahn.
15 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhanu . .
17 SubhCmu
18 Tarana
19 Parthiva
20 Vyaya . . .
18 Tarana
19 Parthiva
4 Ashadha
9664
28.992
455
1.365
20 Vyaya
21 Sarvajitl). . .
23 Virodhin
2 Vaisakha... .
9849
29.547
310
0.930
24 Vikrita
6 Bhudrapada . .
9813
29.439
261
0.783
1) Sarvadharin, No. 22, was suppressed in the north.
THE llt\nU CALENDAR.
T A H L K 1.
Co/. 23) a — Distance nf moot: (Col. 24) 4 ~ moo// . (To/. 25) r = »«»'.» «MW
III. COM. \IENCKMKNT OF TI1K
year.
Luni-Solar \.-ar. (Civil day of ('haitra SuUa lit.)
Kali.
Diiy
.•mil Month.
A. I)
(Time of the Meaha sankranti.)
Day
ami Month
A D.
Week
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian ot Cjjaln.
UOOB'I
Age.
a.
«.
c.
Week
day
By (!»• Ana
Siddhanta.
By the Sun a
Siddhanta.
is
il
1-3 -
.L-
~ '-.
s-3
Gh. Pa
11 M
Gh. IV
II. M.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
•n Mar. (83). .
0 Sat
21 52
8 45
24 47
9 55
26 Feb. (1
2 Mon....
34
.102
'.)'.)7r
601
207
4236
24 Mar. (83)..
1 Sun
37 24
1 t :,7
40 18
16 7
17 Mar. (76)..
1 Sun
119
.357
11
537
258
4237
23 Mar. (83). .
•2 MOB....
52 55
21 10
55 50
22 20
5 Mar. (65)..
5 Thur...
121
. 3(13
'.iss7
384
228
4238
24 Mar (83). .
4 Wed....
8 26
3 22
11 21
4 33
22 Feb. (53). .
t Mon. .. .
45
135
'.»7f,3
232
197
4239
24 Mar. (83)..
24 Mar. (83). .
23 Mar. (88). .
5 Thur. ..
(i Fri
23 57
39 29
55 0
'.) 3.-I
i .-, r,
22 0
26 53
42 24
.-,7 5li
10 45
1C 58
23 10
13 Mar. (72)..
3 Mar. (62)..
21 Mar. (81)..
1 Sun
6 In
59
198
174
.177
.594
.522
9797
12
46
168
51
987
248
221
271
mo
4241
1242
0 Sat
5 Thur. . .
24 Mar. (83)..
24 Mar. (88)..
24 Mar. (83). .
2 Mon....
3 Tue>. . .
4 \V c<l.. . .
10 31
26 2
41 34
4 12
10 25
HI 37
13 27
U 31
5 23
1 1 30
17 48
11 Mar. (70)..
28 Feb. (59)..
19 Mar. (78). .
3 Tues . . .
0 Sat . .
299
141
196
.897
.423
.SS'.I
261
136
171
870
718
654
243
212
264
4243
4244
4245
(i Kri
23 Mar. (83). .
24 Mar. (83)..
Mar. (83)..
24 Mar. (83). .
3 Tliur...
0 Sat ....
57 5
12 36
28 7
43 39
22 50
5 2
11 15
17 27
fO 2
15 34
31 5
46 37
to i
6 13
12 26
18 39
7 Mar. (67)..
24 Feb. (55). .
15 Mar. (74)..
4 Mar. (63)..
3 Tues. . . .
0 Sat
6 Fri
186
179
284
77
.558
.537
.702
.231
47
9922
9957
'.)s:j:i
SOI
348
284
131
233
MM
253
223
4246
4247
4248
4249
1 Sun
2 Mon....
3 Tues. . . .
23 Mar. (83)..
3 Tues....
59 10
23 tO
f2 «
tO 51
22 Mar. (82)..
2 Mon
65
.195
9867
67
274
4250
24 Mar. (83)..
24 Mar. (83). .
24 Mai'. (83). .
5 Thur. . .
6 Fri
14 41
30 12
45 44
r, :,2
12 .->
18 17
17 40
33 1 1
48 43
7 4
13 16
1!) 2!)
12 Mar. (71). .
2 Mar. (61)..
21 Mar. (80)..
0 Sat
5 Thur...
4 Wed....
179
316
332
.537
.948
.'.('.If
82
296
331
951
834
770
246
218
269
4251
4252
4253
0 Sat
24 Mar. (84)..
2 Mon. . . .
1 15
0 30
4 14
1 42
9 Mar. (69)..
1 Sun
251
.758
206
618
238
4254
24 Mar. (83)..
3 Tues. . .
16 46
6 42
19 46
7 54
26 Feb. (57)..
5 Thur. . .
255
.765
82
465
207
4255
24 Mar. (83)..
4 Wed....
32 17
12 .ir,
35 17
14 7
16 Mar. (75)..
3 Tues....
23
.069
9778
364
256
4256
24 Mar. (83). .
5 Thur...
47 49
19 7
50 49
20 20
6 Mar. (65)..
1 Sun. . . .
272
.816
9992
248
228
i237
Mar. (84). .
I) Sat
3 20
1 20
6 20
2 32
24 Mar. (84). .
0 Sat
296
.888
27
184
279
4258
24 Mar. (83)..
1 Sun
18 51
7 32
21 52
8 45
13 Mar. (72)..
4 Wed....
70
.210
9903
31
248
4259
24 Mar. (83). .
2 Mon....
34 22
13 45
37 23
14 57
3 Mar. (62)..
•> Mon....
186
.558
117
915
220
4260
24 Mar. (83) . .
3 Tnes. . . .
I'.i :.i
19 57
52 55
21 10
22 Mar. (81)..
1 Snn
179
.537
152
851
272
4261
24 Mar. (84)..
5 Tluir...
5 25
2 10
8 26
3 23
10 Mar. (70). .
5 Thnr. . .
36
.108
28
698
241
4262
24 Mar. (83). .
i; I'ri
20 56
8 22
23 58
9 35
27 Feb. (58)..
2 Mon....
6
.018
l!)l)3
545
210
4263
21. Mar. (83)..
0 Sat
36 27
14 35
39 29
15 48
18 Mar. (77)..
1 Sun
M
.285
I'.I3*
481
261
4264
24 Mar. (83). .
1 Sun
51 59
20 47
55 1
22 0
7 Mar. (66)..
5 Thur...
78
234
9814
328
2311
4265
24 Mar. (84). .
3 IVs....
7 30
3 0
10 33
4 13
25 Feb. (56)..
3 Tues....
307
.921
28
212
202
4266
24 Mar. (83). .
4 Wed....
23 1
9 12
26 4
10 26
15 Mar. (74)..
2 Mon....
315
MI
63
148
254
4267
24 Mar. (83)..
5 Thur. . .
38 32
15 25
41 36
16 38
4 Mar. (63)..
6 Fri
74
.222
9938
995
223
4268
Srr footnote p. liii above.
hi
THE INDIAN CALENDAR
TAIM.K I.
Luntilion-parts = 10,00(M* of a circle. A titlii = '/soM of the moon's synodic revolution .
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitradi.
Vikrama.
1
>»
11
d|
-5
<0j
~b
8
^
Xollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspnti
cycle
(Northeni)
current
at Mesha
sankranli
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sarikranti
(expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankrilnti
expressed in
§£
1|
M 5.
A
IS
= T,
>3 s.
3
H^
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4269
4270
1871
4272
U7>
I:.'7I
1275
4270
4277
427*
42711
1880
4281
1882
MM
4884
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4399
4300
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
110S
1109
111(1
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
124S
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1 256
574
575
576
577
W8
:,-,'.<
580
581
582
583
584
581
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
60.-)
342-43
343-44
3 14-45
345-46
346-47
347-48
348-49
349-50
350-51
351-52
352-53
353-54
354-55
355-56
356-57
357-58
358-5!)
359-60
360-61
361-62
362-63
363-64
364-65
365-66
366-67
367-68
368-69
369-70
370-71
371-72
372-73
373-74
1167-68
*1168-69
11(59-70
1170-71
1171-72
*1172-73
1173-74
1174-75
1175-76
*1176-77
1177-78
1178-79
1179-80
"1180-81
1181-82
1182-83
1183-84
"1184-85
1185-86
1186-87
1187-88
•1188-89
1189-90
1190-91
1191-92
"1192-93
1193-94
1194-95
1195-96
*1 196-97
1197-98
1198-99
25 Kltara . ...
22 Savradhiirin.. .
23 Virodhin
24 Vikrita
27 Vijava
5 Sravana
9993
29.979'
sO:i
2.409
28 Java
25 Khara
29 Manmatha . . .
26 Nandaua
30 Durmukha. . . .
:> .luslitha ....
9787
29.361
334
1.002
27 Vijaya .
28 Jaya
32 Vilamba
2!) Manmatha....
30 Durmukba . . .
31 Hemalaiiiha.. .
32 Vilamba ....
33 Vik&rin
34 S.lrvari
1 diiiitia
9959
29.877
324
0.972
35 Plava
5 Sriivana
9538
28.614
342
1.026
36 Subhakrit
33 Vikfirin
34 Sarvari
35 Plava
38 Krodhin
4 Ashfujha ....
9802
29.406
is?
1. Mil
39 Visvavasu
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhaua
38 Krodhin
40 ParSbhava
41 Plavaiiga
42 Kilaka
2 Vaisakha... .
9866
29.598
414
1.242
39 Viavavasu ....
40 Parabhava
41 Plavariga
42 Kilaka
43 Sanmya
44 SAdharana. .
6 tihudrapatla . .
9875
29 . 625
414
1.242
45 Virodhakrit
46 ParidhSvin . . .
47 Pramadin . .
9997
29.991
760
2.280
43 Saumya
44 SSdhfirann ....
45 Virodhakrit.. .
46 ParidMvin . . .
47 Pramadin. . . .
48 Ananda. ....
48 Ananda
49 Rakshasa
3 Jyeshtha
9924
29.772
530
1.590
50 Analn
51 Pingala <
7 Asviiia
9906
82
9951
29.718
0.246
29.853
145
9941
282
0. i.",:.|
29. 828 j
0.846
10 Pawha (Kth)
1 Chaitra
52 Kalavukta. .. .
53 Siddhurthin.. .
49 Rlkshasa
50 Anula
54 Raudra
5 Sravana
9518
28.554
314
0.948
51 Pingala
52 Kalaynkta....
55 Durmati
56 Dnndubhi. .
'/•//A' ///\/>( CM. I- \ PAR. Ivii
TABLE I.
• • of moon from tun. (<-'ol. 24) h ~ moon'x mean uniim/ily. (Cul. '2~>) r — gun
III. COM MKM 'KMKNT OF THE
Solar year.
I.uiii-Solar \rar. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
|l;n
Month.
A. U.
(Time of the Mesha sankrunti.)
Dq
and Month
A. D.
Week
clay.
At Hunris.' mi
miTldlun ot Uljiiin.
Hmn'i
Age.
a.
4.
c.
Week
day
By the Ana
Siddhanta.
Hy the Silrya
Siddhanta.
ii
&•*
.2-2
II
^~
Gh. Pa.
11 M
Gh. Pa.
II. M.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
2 1. Mar. (88) . .
0 Kri
54 4
21 37
57 7
22 51
23 Mar. (82)..
5 Thur. . .
54
.162
9973
931
274
4269
24 Mm-. (84). .
1 Sun ....
11 35
3 50
12 39
5 3
12 Mar.
3 Tues. . .
198
.594
187
814
24f
4270
Mai- (83)..
•_> Km.,..
25 f,
10 2
28 10
11 16
1 Mar. (60)..
0 Sat
85
.255
63
662
215
4271
M;n- (83)..
3 Tues... .
M 8'
16 15
13 42
17 29
20 Mar. (79)..
6 Fri
157
.471
98
Mfl
267
4272
24 Afar. (83) .
24 Mar. (84)..
Miir. (83). .
:H Mar. (88). .
t \\eil....
ti Kri
II Sut
56 9
1 1 id
27 11
42 42
22 27
I HI
10 52
17 5
59 13
14 45
30 10
45 48
23 41
5 54
12 6
18 19
9 Mar (68)..
26 Feb. (57)..
16 Mar. (75)..
6 Mar. (65)..
3 Tues....
0 Sat
161
127
163
329
.483
.381
.489
.987
9973
9849
9884
98
445
292
228
112
23(
205
256
228
4273
4274
4275
4270
6 Fri
V Wed. . . .
1 Sun
-'1 Mar. (83)..
2 Mon... .
58 14
23 17
tl 19
fO 32
23 Feb. (54)..
1 Sun
81
.243
9974
959
197
4277
24 Mar. (84). .
4 Wed....
13 45
5 30
16 51
6 44
13 Mar. (78). .
0 Sat
61
.183
8
895
249
4278
24 Mar. (88). .
•21 Mar. (83)..
Mar. (84). .
5 Tlmr...
6 Kri
29 10
U IT
0 19
11 42
17 55
0 7
32 22
47 54
3 25
12 57
19 10
1 22
3 Mar. (62). .
22 Mar. (81)..
11 Mar. (70)..
5 Thur. . .
4 Wed....
1 Sun . . .
227
261
220
.681
.783
.660
223
257
133
778
714
561
221
272
241
4279
4280
4281
1 Sun
24 Mar. (84). .
2 Mon... .
15 50
6 20
18 57
7 35
28 Feb. (59)..
5 Thur. . .
227
.681
9
409
210
4282
24 Mar. (83). .
3 Tues. . . .
31 il
12 32
34 28
13 47
18 M»r. (77)..
4 Wed. . . .
299
.891
43
345
262
4283
24 Mar. (88) . .
25 Mar. (84)..
:M Mar. (84)..
4 Wed..!,
(i I'ri
46 52
2 24
17 55
18 45
0 57
7 10
50 0
5 31
21 3
2 0
2 13
8 25
7 Mar. (66). .
24 Feb. (55)..
15 Mar. (75)..
1 Sun
5 Thur. ..
5 Thur . . .
190
(-.)-•.-
318
.570
— .064
.954
9919
9795
168
192
39
11
231
200
254
4284
4285
4286
0 Sat
Mar. (83). .
1 Sun
33 26
13 22
36 35
14 38
4 Mar. (63). .
2 Mon
76
.228
44
858
223
4287
24 Mar. (83)..
25 Mar. (84)..
Mar. (84)..
•21 Mar. (88)..
24 Mar. (83). .
•2 Mon....
4 \\ed....
5 Tlmr...
fi Kri
48 57
4 29
20 0
35 31
51 2
19 35
1 47
8 0-
14 12
20 25
52 6
7 38
23 9
38 41
54 12
20 50
3 3
9 16
15 iS
21 41
23 Mar. (82). .
13 Mar. (72)..
1 Mar. (61)..
19 Mar. (78)..
8 Mar. (67). .
1 Sun....
6 Fri
84
307
289
69
19
,9M
.921
.867
.207
.057
79
293
169
9865
9740
7'.).-,
678
525
425
272
274
246
215
264
288
4288
4289
42UO
4291
4292
3 Tues....
1 Sun
5 Thur...
II Sat
Mar, (84). .
2 Mon....
6 34
2 37
9 44
3 53
26 Feb. (57)..
8 Tues. . . .
213
.C,3!)
J'.)55
156
205
1293
24 Mar. (84). .
3 Tues. . . .
22 5
8 50
25 15
10 6
16 Mar. (76)..
2 Mon. . . .
MM
.618
9989
92
256
J294
J24 Mar. (88). .
4 \Ved-...
37 36
15 2
40 47
16 19
6 Mar. (65). .
0 Sat
322
.'.Kill
204
!l?5
228
4295
21 Mar. (88)..
5 Tlmr. . .
53 7
21 15
56 18
22 31
23 Feb. (54). .
4 Wed....
96
.288
79
822
IM
4290
Mar. (84). .
0 Sat
8 89
3 27
11 50
4 44
14 Mar. (73)..
3 Tues —
114
.342
114
758
MI
4297
24 Mar. (84)..
1 Sun
24 10
'.I M
27 21
10 57
2 Mar. (62). .
0 Sat
44
.132
I-.I90
odd
218
4298
tfai (S3)..
2 Mon....
311 11
15 52
42 53
17 9
21 Mar. (80). .
6 Kri
128
.384
24
541
209
4299
Mar. (83). .
3 Tues. . . .
55 12
22 5
58 24
23 22
10 Mar. (69)..
3 Tnes. . . .
131
.393
('.Kill
389
239
4300
f See fuol note [). liii ;ibovr.
0 Sec Text. Art. 101 nbovr, para. 2.
Iviii
THE INDIAN CALENDAR
TABLE I.
Lunation-parts = lO.OOOM* of u circle. A lit/it = '/auM of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali
Saka.
Cbaitradi
Vikrama.
d
1
>.
li
0 p
r»
*3
3
J
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
oyole
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
o -^
If
^ a
J3
B
.IS
^3
c 2
3 £
•^ p*
22
^=
H
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
O89
4330
4331
4332
4333
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
033
634
635
636
637
638
374- 75
375- 76
376- 77
377- 78
378- 79
379- 80
380- 81
381- 82
382- 83
383- 84
384- 85
385- 86
386- 87
387- 88
388- 89
389- 90
390- 91
391- 92
392- 93
393- 94
394- 95
395- 96
396- 97
397- 98
398- 99
399-400
400- 1
401- 2
402- 3
403- 4
404- 5
405- 6
406- 7
1199-200
*1200- 1
1201- 2
1202- 3
1203- 4
'1204- 5
1205- 6
1206- 7
1207- 8
*1208- 9
1209- 10
1210- 11
1211- 12
*1212- 13
1213- 14
1214- 15
1215- 16
•1216- 17
1217- 18
1218- 19
1219- 20
'1220- 21
1221- 22
1222- 23
1223- 24
*1224- 25
1225- 26
1226- 27
1227- 28
'1228- 29
1229- 30
1230- 31
1231- 32
53 Siddharthin. . .
54 Raudra
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktflksha
4 AsluVlha
9999
89.997
623
] . Mill
56 Dundubhi
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha....
59 Krodhana
60 Kshaya
2 Vaisakha.. . .
9826
29.478
422
1.266
1 Prabhava . . .
2 Vibhava
6 Bhadrapada . .
9854
29.562
466
1.398
3 Sukla
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhava.
5 Prajapati. . . .
4 Ashac.lha ....
9462
28.386
100
0.300
3 Sukla
4 Pramoda.
7 Sriraukha
8 Bhava
9 Yuvan
8 Jyeshtha
9960
29.880
667
2.001
5 Prajapati, . .
6 Aiigiras .
10 Dhatri
11 Isvara
7 Asvina
•
9991
29.973
304
0.912
7 Srimukha. . . .
8 Bhava
12 Bahudhanva
9 Yuvan .
13 Pramathin . . .
5 Sravana
9588
28.764
284
0.852
10 Dhatri
1 1 Is vara
15 Vrisha.
12 Bahudhanya. .
13 Pramathin. . . .
14 Vikrama
15 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhanu . .
17 Snbhanu . . .
16 Chitrabhanu . .
17 Subhanu
3 Jyeshtlia
9500
28.500
168
0.486
18 Tarana
19 Parthiva
20 Vyava.
2 Vaisakha ....
9816
29.448
380
1.140
21 Sarvajit
6 Bhadrapada..
9814
29.442
435
1.305
18 Tarana
19 Parthiva
22 Sarvadhurin. . .
23 Virodhin.
20 Vyaya . .
24 Vikrita
•t Ashatlha
9648
28.944
281
0.843
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadhfirin . .
23 Virodhin
24 Vikrita
26 Nandana
27 Vijaya
3 Jyeshtlia
9925
29.775
705
2.115
28 Jaya
25 Khara
29 Manmatha. . . .
9984
29.952
364
1.092
THE lll.\nU CM I .\HAR.
TABLE I.
(Col. 23) a ~ Ili-'tiiun iij' in:,,,, i J'riini ;".- 'i •/ -_' I) b = mm I'lim
/. (Col. 25) <• ~ sun's mean a/innnili/.
III. COMMENCKMKNT OK TIIK
Soliir \i-ar.
I,mii-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Snkla 1st.)
At Sunrise on
(Time of tin- Mesha sahkrftnti.)
meridian of Ujjaln.
Moon s
Day
Day
AflBb
Kali.
anil \loutli
By the Arya
Hy the Si'ina
ami Month
Week
day
tiii \ .
B
~ c
A. 1).
\\eel,
J-1V
Siddhanta.
Sidilhanta.
A. 1).
~1
.a -5
? 1
a.
b.
c.
ua\ .
nh. I'a.
11. M.
Gh. Pa.
II. \l
s I
31
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
18
2O
21
22
23
24
25
1
25 Mar.
5 Thur. . .
10 41
4 17
13 56
5 3 1
27 Keb. (58)..
0 Sat
58
.174
9776
236
208
4301
24 Mar. (84) . .
i; Kri
26 15
10 30
29 2;
11 47
17 Mar. (77). .
li Kri. . . .
74
222
9810
172
259
1302
24 Mar
(1 Sat
41 4li
Hi 42
4 1 59
18 0
7 Mar. (66). .
4 Wed....
ua
.88)
25
55
231
1303
24 Mar. (83). .
1 Suu
57 17
22 55
tO 30
tO 12
25 Feb. (56)..
2 Mon....
329
.987
239
939
203
4304
25 Mar. (84),
3 Tues. . . .
12 4'J
5 7
l(i 2
6 25
16 Mar. (75)..
1 Suu. . . .
315
.945
271
875
254
1305
24 Mar. (84)..
4 Wed....
28 20
11 2(1
31 33
12 37
4 Mar. (64). .
5 Thur.. .
153
.459
149
781
223
4300
24 Mai-
5 Thur...
43 51
17 32
47 5
IK 50
23 Mar. (82)..
4 Wed....
205
.615
Ihl
S5f
275
4307
it Miir. (83)..
li Kri ....
59 22
23 45
t2 36
fl 3
12 Mar. (71). .
1 Sun ....
196
.58b
60
501
244
430S
25 Mar. (84). .
1 Sun. . . .
U 51
5 57
18 8
7 15
1 Mar. (60)..
5 Thur. ..
189
. 507
9935
352
213
4309
24 Mar. (84). .
2 Mou. .. .
30 25
12 10
33 10
13 28
19 Mar. (79)..
4 Wed....
246
. 73s
9970
288
264
4310
2-1 Mar. (83). .
3 Tuca....
45 56
18 22
49 10
19 40
8 Mar. (67)..
1 Sun. . . .
92
27(1
9846
136
233
4311
25 Mar. (84)..
5 Thur. . .
1 27
0 35
4 43
1 53
26 Feb. (57)..
li Kri
220
.660
60
19
205
4312
25 Mar. (84). .
6 Fri ....
16 59
6 47
20 14
8 6
17 Mar (76). .
5 Thur. . .
195
.585
95
955
257
4313
24 Mar. (84). .
0 Sat
32 30
13 0
35 46
14 18
6 Mar. (66).
3 Tues. . . .
330
.990
309
839
228
4314
24 Mar. (83)..
1 Sun
1 ^ 1
19 12
51 17
20 31
24 Mar. (83)..
1 Sun
6
.018
5
738
277
4315
25 Mar. (84). .
3 Tues...
3 32
1 25
6 49
2 43
It Mar. (73)..
6 Fri
288
.789
220
622
249
4316
25 Mar. (84 1. .
4 Wed....
19 4
7 37
22 20
8 56
3 Mar. (62)..
3 Tues....
260
.780
95
469
218
4317
24 Mar. (84)..
5 Thur. . .
34 35
13 50
37 52
15 9
20 Mar. (80)..
1 Sun
M
.102
9791
30U
267
4318
24 Mar. (88). .
6 Fri
50 6
20 2
53 23
21 21
10 Mar. (69). .
6 Fri
286
.858
6
252
239
4319
25 Mar. (84)..
1 Suu ....
5 37
2 15
8 55
3 34
27 Feb. (58). .
3 Tues
106
.318
(SSI
99
208
1320
25 Mar. (84)..
2 Mon....
21 9
s 27
24 26
9 46
18 Mar. (77). .
2 Mon....
86
.258
9916
35
259
4321
24 Mar. (84)..
3 Tues. . . .
36 40
14 10
39 58
15 59
7 Mar. (67)..
0 Sat
201
.603
130
919
231
4322
fox (83)..
4 Wed....
52 1 1
20 52
55 29
22 12
24 Feb. (55)..
4 Wed....
10
.030
a
766
200
4323
6 Fri
7 42
3 5
11 1
4 24
15 Mar. (74). .
3 Tnea. . . .
47
.141
41
702
252
1324
Mar. (Sli. .
II Silt
23 14
9 17
20 32
10 37
4 Mar. (63) . .
0 Sat
14
.042
9916
549
221
1325
24 Mar. (84) . .
1 Sun ....
38 45
15 30
42 4
16 50
22 Mar. (82)..
6 Fri
104
.312
9951
485
272
4326
24 Mar (S3). .
2 Mon... .
54 10
21 42
57 35
23 2
11 Mar. (70)..
3 Tnes. . . .
89
.267
9827
332
241
4327
25 Mar. (84). .
4 Wed... .
9 47
3 55
13 7
5 15
1 Mar. (60)..
1 Sun
320
.960
41
216
213
4328
Maft (84)..
5 Thur. . .
25 19
10 7
28 38
11 27
20 Mar. (79)..
0 Sat
330
.990
76
152
264
4329
24 Mar. (84). .
6 Kri
4(1 50
111 20
44 10
17 40
8 Mar. (68)..
4 Wed....
91
.273
9951
999
234
4330
24 Mar. (83). .
0 Sat
56 21
22 32
59 42
23 53
26 Keb. (57)..
2 Mon....
214
.642
166
883
205
4331
25 Mar. (84). .
2 Mon....
11 52
1 15
15 13
6 5
17 Mar. (76)..
1 Sun
213
.639
200
819
257
1332
25 Mar. (84)..
3 Tues . . .
27 24
10 57
30 45
12 18
6 Mar. (65)..
5 Thur...
95
.285
76
Olio
226
4333
•'( See footnote p. liii. above.
Ix
TUP. INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Luiiatioii-pitfts — lO.OOOMi of a circle. A tithi — '/sott of the moons .-synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
5 03
|i
3 rS
j>
a
I
11
O b
2-sS
I
Kollnni.
Samvatsara.
True.
A. D.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankrAnti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
IS
11
al
*j
12
S
ea CT
II
— en
•
13
s
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
1347
4848
4349
435(
435
48(S
4353
4354
435
435
435
435
435
436
436
436
430
436
436
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
107
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
131
131
131
131
181
131
131
131
131
132
132
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
66C
661
66
66
66
66
66
f,6
66
66
67
407- 8
408- 9
409-10
410-11
411-12
412-13
413-14
414-15
415-16
416-17
417-18
418-19
419-20
420-21
421-22
422-23
423-24
424-25
425-2(1
426-27
427-28
428-29
429-30
430-31
431-32
432-33
433-34
434-35
435-36
436-37
437-38
438-39
* 1232-33
1233-34
1234-35
1235-36
* 1236-37
1237-38
1238-39
1239-40
* 1240-41
1241-42
1242-43
1243-44
*1244-45
1245-46
1246-47
1247-48
*124S-4!I
1249-50
1250-51
1251-52
"1252-53
1253-54
1254-55
1255-56
*1256-57
1257-58
1258-59
1259-60
•1260-61
1261-62
1262-63
1263-64
0 Durmukha. . .
7 Vijaya
8 Jaya
1 Hemalamba . .
2 Vilamba
3 Vikarin.
5 SrAvana
8746
29.238
349
1.047
9 Manmatha. . . .
0 Durmukha.. . .
1 Hemalamba. . .
2 Vilamba
3 Vikarin
(• Sftrvari
5 Plava
6 Subhakrit. .
3 Jyeshtha ....
9473
28.419
237
0.711
7 Sobhaua . .
8 Krodhin
2 Vaisakha... .
9892
29.670
377
1.131
9 Visvavasu
6 Snbhakrit
37 Sobhana
38 Krodhin
>9 Visvavasu ....
40 ParAbhava.. . .
41 Plavanga ....
42 Kilaka
0 Parabhava.. . .
6 BhAdrapada..
9848
•>'.}. 544
406
1.218
42 Kilaka
i3 Saumya
44 SAdhArana ....
4 Ashadha
9766
29.265
471
1.413
46 ParidhAvin . .
47 Pranifidin . . .
3 Ju'slitha. . .
9900
29.700
670
2.1110
44 SAdhAraua. . .
45 Virodhakrit..
46 Paridhiivin . .
47 Pramadin . .
48 Ananda 1) ...
50 Anala
7 Asvina
9943
2'.).h29
342
1 .1126
51 Pingala
52 KAlayukta.. .
53 Siddharthiu .
54 Raudra
5 SrAvana ....
9945
29.835
510
1 . 530
49 RAkshasa
50 Anala
51 Piugala
55 Durmati ....
56 Dundubhi .
3 Jyeshtha . . .
9434
28.302
218
0.654
52 KAlayukta . . .
53 Siddhfirthiii .
54 Raudra
55 Durmati. . . .
56 Dimdubhi. . .
57 RudhirodgAri
57 RudhirodgAr.
58 Raktaksha...
59 Krodhana . . .
8 Kfirttika . . .
10 Patuha.(Ksli
1 Chaitra. . . .
9886
35
9876
29.688
(1.1(15
29.688
51
9930
6#
0.158
29.790
0.1'Jo
60 Kshaya
1 Prabhava. . . .
6 BhAdrapada.
9981
29.943
447
1.341
2 Vibhava
1) Rakshasa, No. 49, was suppressed in the north.
'////-; m\ni: c ILENDAR. '
T.\ i;U<; I.
'•>) a — Diitiini-f of m li := monn'i mean uiinnwli/. ,,mli/.
111. COMMKNCIvMKNT (IF TIIK
Solar year.
Limi-Solar \mr. i('i\il day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
At Sunrisi
(Time- M|' tin- Mi-sha sankriinti.)
meridian of Ujjaln.
M -
Day
Day
Age.
Kali.
iiuil Month
ti\ tin1 Arvi
li\ I hi- Sunn
and Mniitll
\\rrk
day.
2 <•
A. 1).
Siddhanta.
Siildlutnta.
A. 1).
w'S
15 £
."£ —
«*.
b.
da\ .
- i
fib. Pit.
11. M.
fih. I'u.
II. M.
s* —
II
~
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
2t M;i.- (84)
t \Ved....
42 55
17 10
40 10
is 30
it Mar. (84). .
4 Wed....
168
111
602
277
4334
24 Mar. (83)..
5 Thur. . .
5S 20
23 22
tl 48
tO 43
13 Mar. (72)..
1 Sun
172
.516
9987
HI)
240
IMS
25 Mar.
0 Sill
13 57
5 35
17 19
0 50
i Mar. (61). .
5 Thur. . .
137
411
1IM12
211(1
216
25 Mar. (84). .
1 Sun ....
29 29
11 17
32 51
13 S
21 Mar. (80)..
4 \Ved....
176
52 s
9897
232
267
4337
24 Mar. (84)..
2 Mou
45 0
18 0
ts 22
111 21
9 Mar. (69)..
1 Sun
©-!«
-.05;
9773
SO
236
133S
25 Miir (84)..
4 Wed. ...
0 31
0 12
3 5 1
1 33
27 Feb. (58)..
6 Fri
97
.2111
9987
1103
208
4339
25 Mar. (84)..
5 Thur. . .
10 2
0 25
19 25
7 46
18 Mar. (77i.
5 Thur . . .
78
. 234
22
Mill
13 tO
25 Mar. (84). .
0 Kri
31 34
12 37
34 57
13 59
8 Mar. (07). .
3 THCS. . . .
239
.717
236
782
231
184]
2 t Mar. (84) . .
(1 Sat
47 5
is 50
50 is
20 11
25 Feb. (56)..
0 Sat
153
.459
112
030
200
4342
25 Mar. (84)..
2 Mon... .
2 30
1 2
0 0
2 24
15 Mar: (74)..
0 Kri
229
.687
146
566
252
43 13
25 Mar. (Sli. .
3 Tucs....
18 7
7 15
21 31
s 37
4 Mar. («3i. .
3 Tucs... .
2311
.708
22
413
221
i:i 1 1
25 .Mar. (84).
4 Wed... .
33 39
13 27
37 3
1 t 111
23 Mar. (82)..
2 Mon. . . .
311
.1)33
57
349
272
13 15
i4 Mar. (84). .
5 Thur. . .
49 10
19 40
52 34
21 2
11 Mar. (71). .
6 Fri
204
.012
9932
196
241
1310
i5 Mar. (84). .
0 Sat
t tl
1 52
s o
3 14
28 Feb. (59)..
3 Tues....
Q-K
-.03d
9808
43
211
13 17
kfar. (84). .
1 Sun
20 12
s
23 37
9 27
19 Mar. (78)..
i Mon. . . .
0-se
—.106
9843
979
202
13 IS
M:ii- (84)..
2 Mon... .
35 1 1
14 17
39 9
15 40
9 Mar. (68) . .
0 Sat
91
.273
57
s(i3
234
4341)
it Mar. (84)..
3 Tues. . . .
51 15
20 30
54 40
il 52
27 Feb. (58)..
5 Thur. . .
273
.819
271
7 n;
20(1
I860
25 M:ii- (84)..
5 Thur.. .
li Hi
2 42
10 12
4 5
17 Mar. (76)..
4 Wed....
318
.1151
306
257
4351
25 Mar. (84). .
li Kri
22 17
8 55
25 44
10 17
6 Mar. (65). .
1 Sun ....
296
.888
182
530
220
1352
25 Mar. (84). .
0 Silt.. .» .
37 49
15 7
41 15
10 30
24 Mar. (83) . .
6 Fri
79
. 237
llsTs
ti'J
275
4353
Mar. (84). .
1 Sun
53 20
21 20
50 17
22 43
12 Mar. (72)..
3 Tncs. . . .
32
.01)11
11751
276
214
1351
25 Mar. (84). .
3 Tues. . . .
s 51
3 32
12 18
4 55
2 Mar. (61)..
1 Sun ....
227
.681
9908
100
210
1355
25 Mar. (84). .
t \Ved
21 22
1) 15
27 50
11 8
21 Mar. (80). .
0 Sat
233
.699
3
in;
267
13511
-'5 M»r. (84). .
5 Thur. . .
39 54
15 57
13 21
17 20
10 Mar. (69)..
4 Wed....
0-32
—.DM
9878
Ml
2311
1357
24 Mar. (84). .
0 Kri
55 25
22 10
58 53
23 33
28 Feb. (59)..
i Mon....
111
. 333
93
si7
io.s
25 Mar. (84)..
1 Sun
10 50
t 22
14 24
5 tO
18 Mar. (77). .
1 Sun
127
.381
127
260
4359
J25 Mar. (84). .
i Mon... .
26 27
10 35
21) 50
11 58
7 Mar. (66)..
5 Thur. . .
53
.1511
:t
010
2211
4360
25 Mar. (84). .
3 Tues. . . .
1 1 59
10 47
15 27
is 11
24 Feb: (55). .
i Mon
50
.150
B878
t.-,;
198
1301
21 Mar. (84). .
4 Wed....
57 30
23 0
•1-0 .V.I
tO 21
14 Mar. (74)..
1 Sun
141
•J913
398
2 111
1302
25 Mar. (84). .
6 Kri
13 1
5 12
10 30
6 36
3 Mar (62)..
5 Thur.. .
70
.210
9789
240
21 s
1848
25 Mar. (84). .
0 Sat
2s :(2
11 25
32 2
1 2 til
22 Mar. (81)..
4 \Ved....
89
9824
176
870
1301
25 Miir. (84). .
1 Sun ....
44 4
17 37
17 33
19 1
12 Mar. (71)..
i Mon....
280
.690
38
60
MM
footnote p. liii above.
•• See Tell Art. Hll. nara. 2
Kit
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE 1.
=: 10,OOOMs of a circle. A tithi = 'liolA of Hie moons synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka
Chaitl-ncli.
Vikrama.
d
K
<u
11
&|
i
1
z
kollain.
A. U.
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solur
oyde.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
saukranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sai'ikranti
espressed in
o CT
O O'
1 J
'£
P
!3 CT
It
•
2
£
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
439B
1187
1188
1189
111)0
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
119(1
111)7
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
«Sfi
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
439-40
440-41
441-42
442-43
443-44
444-45
445-46
446-47
447-48
448-49
449-50
450-51
451-52
452-53
453-54
454-55
455-56
456-57
457-58
458-59
459-60
460-61
461-62
462-63
463-64
464-65
465-66
466-67
467-68
468-69
469-70
*1264-65
1265-66
1266-67
1267-68
* 1268-69
1269-70
1270-71
1271-72
*1272-73
1273-74
1274-75
1275-76
*1276-77
1277-78
1278-79
1279-80
*1280-81
1281-82
1282-83
1283-84
*1284-85
1285-86
1286-87
1287-88
*1288-89
1289-90
1290-91
1291-92
*1292-93
1293-94
1294-95
58 Raktaksha....
59 Krodhaua ....
60 Kshaj-a
3 Sukla . .
4 Ashadha ....
9759
29.277
582
1.746
4 Pramoda
5 Prajapati
1 Prabhava
3 Jyeshtha . . .
9958
29.874
643
1.929
2 Vibhava
7 Srimukha
3 Sukla
4 Pramoda
5 Prajupati
6 Angiras
7 Hrimukha ....
8 Bhava
8 Bhava
9954
29.862
306
0.918
9 Yuvan
10 Dhatri
11 Isvara
4 Ashaclha ....
9301
27.903
88
0.264
12 Bahudhanva . .
13 Pramathiu
9 Vuvan
3 Jyeshtha ....
9460
28.380
167
0 . 501
10 Dhatri
15 Vrisha
11 Isvara
16 Chitrabhanu .
17 Subhanu
8 Karttika
10 Pausha(Ksh)
12 Phalguna... .
9846
45
9955
29.538
0.135
29.865
25
9982
32
0.075j
29.9461
0.096)
12 Bahudhanya . .
13 Pramathin
18 Tarana
14 Vikrama
19 Parthiva
5 Sravana
9580
28.740
174
0.522
15 Vrisha
20 Vyava . .
16 Chitrabhanu..
17 Subhanu
18 Tarana
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadharin . .
23 Virodhin
4 Ashadha
9721
29.163
595
1.785
19 Pftrthiva
24 Vikrita
20 Vvaya
2 Vaisakha....
9730
29.190
113
0.339
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadharm . .
23 Virodhin
26 Nandana
27 Vijaya
28 Jaya
fi Bhildrapada . .
9640
28.920
(i.'i
0.189
24 Vikrita
29 Manmatha. . . .
25 Khara
30 Durmukha . . .
31 Hemalamba., .
4 Ashailliii ....
9266
27.798
133
0.399
26 Nandana
27 Vijaya
32 Vilamba
28 Jaya
33 Vikarin
•i Jvi-slitha ....
9584
28.752
202
0.606
Till'. Ill.\ni CALENDAR.
T.\ I',I,K I.
'.'i) a — /'. ..itmii /'/•«/,/ MM. (Col. 24) b •=. mooii -./. 25) <• rr .<««'.«
Ixiii
m.
III. COMMENCEMENT OK TIIK
Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
DIIJ
ami Miinlh
A. 1).
(Time c.I' the Mesha gnnkrunti.)
1 ):i\
anil Mouth
A. D.
Week
il;i\ .
At Sunrise on
meridian of Cijmin
Moou's
Age.
a.
b.
c.
\\ <•(•!>
day.
By the Arya
Siddhanta.
By the Siirya
Siddhinta.
§."
J-fi
a »
§ S-
S"9
s -a
11
"3
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
2O
21
22
23
24
25
1
24 Mar. (84). .
25 Mar. (84). .
2 Mon....
4 Wed ...
59 35
15 fi
23 50
6 2
f3 5
18 36
fl H
7 27
29 Feb. (60)..
20 Mar. (79)..
(1 Fri
0-21
330
— .0«l
.990
9914
287
907
879
211
265
43fi6
4367
6 Fri
Mar. (84)..
25 Mar. (84). .
25 Mar. (85)..
25 Mar. (84). .
5 Thur...
6 Fri.
30 37
46 9
1 40
17 11
12 15
18 27
0 40
6 52
34 8
49 39
5 11
2(1 42
13 3'J
19 52
2 4
8 17
9 Mar. (68). .
26 Feb. (57)..
16 Mar. (76)..
5 Mar. (64)..
3 Tues.. .
0 Sat.. ..
6 Fri
165
118
204
200
.495
.354
.612
.600
163
73
9949
726
574
510
357
234
203
255
224
4368
4369
4370
4371
1 Sun ....
2 Mon. .. .
3 Tues....
25 Mar. (84). .
-'5 Mar. (84). .
3 Tues. . . .
4 Wed. . . .
32 42
48 14
13 5
19 17
36 14
51 4fi
14 30
20 42
24 Mar. (83)..
13 Mar. (72)..'
2 Mon....
6 Fri
259
107
.777
.321
9983
9859
293
140
275
241
4372
4373
25 Mar. (85). .
6 Fri
3 45
1 30
7 17
•> 55
2 Mar. (62)..
4 Wed....
235
.705
73
23
216
4374
25 Mar. (84)..
25 Mar. (84). .
25 Mar. (84)..
0 Sat
1 Sun.. .
2 Mon
19 16
34 47
50 19
7 42
13 55
20 7
22 49
38 20
53 52
9 7
15 20
21 33
21 Mar. (80)..
10 Mar. (69). .
28 Feb. (59)..
3 TIL
0 Sat
212
0-7
210
.636
—.021
.630
108
9984
198
959
807
690
267
237
208
4375
4376
4377
5 Thur. . .
25 Mar. (85)..
4 Wed....
5 50
2 20
it 23
3 45
18 Mar. (78). .
4 Wed....
273
.819
233
626
260
4378
25 Mar. (84)..
Mar. (84)..
25 Mar. (84)..
a Thur. . .
6 Fri
0 Sat
21 21
36 52
52 24
s 32
14 45
20 57
24 55
40 26
55 58
9 58
16 10
22 23
7 Mar. (66). .
25 Mar. (84). .
15 Mar. (74) .
1 Sun. . . .
(1 l-'ri.. .
212
45
299
.636
.135
.897
109
9804
19
473
373
257
229
278
249
4379
4380
4381
4 Wed....
25 Mar. (85)..
25 Mar. (84)..
25 ,M;.r (84)..
2 Mou... .
3 Tnes....
4 Wed....
7 55
23 26
38 57
3 10
9 22
15 35
11 29
27 1
42 32
4 36
10 48
17 1
3 Mar. (63). .
22 Mar. (81)..
12 Mar. (71)..
1 Sun ...
0 Sat
121
104
811
.363
.312
.651
9894
9929
143
104
40
923
219
270
242
4382
4383
4384
5 Thur...
25 Mar (84). .
5 Thur...
54 29
21 47
58 4
23 14
1 Mar. (60). .
2 Mon....
22
.066
19
770
211
4385
25 Mar. (85). .
0 Sat
10 0
4 0
13 35
:, 2(1
19 Mar. (79)..
1 Sun
59
.177
54
706
263
4386
Mar. (84). .
1 Sun
25 31
10 12
29 7
11 39
8 Mar. (67). .
5 Thur...
22
.066
9930
554
232
4387
25 Mar. (84). .
2 Mon....
41 2
16 25
44 38
17 51
25 Feb. (56)..
2 Mon....
31
.093
9805
401
201
4388
25 Mar. (84). .
25 Mar. (85). .
25 Mar.
3 Tues. . . .
5 Thur. . .
6 Fri
5(1 34
12 5
27 36
22 37
4 50
11 2
to 10
15 41
31 13
tO 4
6 17
12 29
16 Mar. (75)..
5 Mar. (65)..
23 Mar. (82)..
1 Sun
6 Fri . . .
100
332
0-n
.300
.996
-.IM2
9840
54
9750
337
220
120
252
224
273
4389
4390
4391
4 Wed....
25 Mar. (84). .
0 Sat
41! 7
17 15
Mi 41
18 42
13 Mar. (72)..
2 MOB....
109
.327
9965
4
244
4392
25 Mar. (84). .
1 Sun
5S :i«
23 27
-1-2 1(1
tO 54
3 Mar. (62)..
(1 Sat
228
.684
179
887
216
4393
25 Mar. (85). .
3 Tues. . . .
1 1. in
5 40
17 is
7 7
21 Mar. (81)..
6 Fri
684
214
823
268
4394
25 Mar. (84)..
4 Wed....
29 41
1 1 52
33 19
13 20
10 Mar. (89)..
3 Tui>. . . .
.318
89
670
237
1395
25 Mar. (84). .
5 Thur. . .
45 12
18 5
48 51
19 32
27 Feb. (58)..
0 Sat
91
.273
9965
517
206
4396
t See footnote p. liii above.
© Sec Teit. Art. 101, para. 2.
l\i\
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Liiiiulioii-pitrts = 10,(MKW.v of ii rirrlf. A lithi = '/aoM of the moon's synodic fevolittion
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Siika.
2
4 a
11
O>
Kollam .
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.-
•
U
Is,
0 B
£-&
•
Lmii-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
saiikranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
saiikranti
expressed in
C ii-
1 s
21
13
£
^ *~-~
o ij,
— 2
3 R
j-H
1
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4114
1415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
71:5
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
470-71
471-72
472-73
473-74
474-75
475-76
476-77
477-78
478-79
479-80
480-81
481-82
482-83
483-84
484-85
485-86
486-87
487-88
488-89
489-90
490-91
491-92
482-98
198-84
494-95
495-96
496-97
497-98
498-99
1295- 96
•1296- 97
1297- 98
1298- 99
1299-300
*1300- 1
1301- 2
1302- 3
1303- 4
*1304- 5
1305- 6
1306- 7
1307- 8
*1308- 9
1309- 10
1310- 11
1311- 12
*1312- 13
1313- 14
1314- 15
1315- 16
*131C- 17
1317- 18
1318- 19
1319- 20
'1320- 21
1321- 22
1322- 23
1323- 24
29 Manmalliii. . . .
30 Durmuklia. . . .
31 Hemalamba.. .
32 Vilamba
33 Vikarin
35 Plava
36 Subh'ikrit
9 Margasirsha .
10 l',ii:ska(Kih.)
.2 Phalguna. . .
9991
1
9964
29.973
0.003
29.892
1
9954
91
0.003
29 . 862
0.273
38 Krodhin
5 Sravana
B661
28.983
344
1 . 032
iO Pii"Atbhava
36 Subhakrit, . . .
4 Ashadha
9715
29.145
554
1.662
4° KiHki
38 Krodhin •
39 Yisvftvasu. . . .
40 Parabhava.. .
44 Sudliarana. . . .
2 Vaisakha.. . .
9889
29.667
310
0.930
46 Paridhavin . . .
47 Pramadin
6 Bhadrapada..
9827
29 481
250
0.7M
42 Kilaka
44 Sadharaua ...
45 Virodhakyit..
46 Paridhavin . . .
47 1'ramSdin ....
49 Rakshasa
4 Ashafllia ....
9239
27.717
101
0 . 303
52 Kalayukta. . . .
53 SiddMrthin
:! Jyeshtha ....
9776
29 . 328
328
0.984
49 Rakshasa
54 Raudra .....<
8 KarttiUii ....
9 Miir,/as.(Ksh.
12 Phalguna
9950
31
9917
29.850
0.093
29.751
31
9996
67
0.098
29.988
0.201
52 Kiilayukta ....
53 Siddhftrthin.. .
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktukslia.
5 Sravaua
9648
28.944
12.-)
1 . 275
55 Dimnati
5fi Dundubhi ....
60 Kshaya
4 Ashtiilha ....
9800
29.400
547
1.641
57 Hudhirodgarin
2 Vibhava
'/• IffNDU CALENDAR.
T.\ 15 hK I.
I of moon from sun. (Col. 24) b •=. moon's mean an* I. 25) r =: sun'f mean
HI. COMMENCEMENT OK THE
Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
At BonrUe on
meridian of UJJaln.
^ 1 lllll HJ lilt; .'!( SQ<| s.l II K HI Illl.J
UOOB'I
Day
Day
Age.
Kali.
ami Muutli
U\ the Arya
By the Sunn
Month
\\rrk
d;t\ .
£ -~-
U •*••
A. U.
Week
]
Siddhftuta.
Siddbanta.
A. D.
/
1
si
a.
.
e.
day.
Gh. Pa.
11. M.
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
£ z-
II
" *5J
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
10
20
21
22
23
24
28
1
2(1 Mar. (85). .
0 Sat
0 44
0 17
4 22
1 45
18 Mar. <77). .
(1 Kri
181
543
0
453
257
4307
25 Mar. (85). .
1 Sun
16 15
0 3(1
I '.) 54
7 57
6 Mar.
3 Tues. . . .
14H
444
IS75
301
226
139S
Uar. (84). .
2 Mon....
31 46
12 12
35 25
14 10
25 Mar. (84)..
2 Mon....
191
573
9910
237
278
4399
25 Mar. (84)..
3 Tues. . . .
47 17
IS 55
50 57
2(1 2:i
14 Mar. (73)..
6 Kri
0-3
— .009
9786
84
247
1100
26 Mar. (85)..
5 Thur. . .
2 HI
1 7
6 28
2 35
4 Mar. (68). .
4 Wed. . . .
112
336
0
967
4401
25 Mar. (85). .
6 Fri
18 20
7 20
22 0
S |S
Mar. (82). .
3 Tnes. . . .
95
.285
35
903
270
4402
25 Mar. (84)..
0 Sat
33 51
13 32
37 31
15 (I
12 Mar. (71)..
1 Sun
253
.759
249
787
242
4403
25 Mar. (84)..
1 Sun
49 22
19 45
53 3
21 13
1 Mar. (60)..
5 Thur...
163
.489
125
(134
211
1404
Mar. (85)..
3 Tues....
1 51
1 57
8 34
3 26
20 Mar. (79)..
4 Wed....
239
.717
159
570
2(13
1105
Mar i85)..
4 Wed....
20 25
8 10
24 6
;i 88
8 Mar. (68)..
1 SUB... .
245
.781
M
417
232
4406
25 Mar. (84)..
5 Thur...
35 56
14 22
3!) 37
15 51
Keb. (56)..
5 Thur. .
194
. 5SL
mill
264
201
1407
Mar. (84). .
6 Fri
51 27
20 35
55 9
22 1
16 Mar. (75)..
4 \Ved.. .
219
.657
201
1408
26 Mar. (85)..
1 Sun
(1 59
2 47
10 III
4 16
5 Mar. (64)..
1 Sun
4
.012
9821
48
221
4409
25 Mar. (85)..
2 Mon... .
22 30
9 (1
2(1 12
10 29
23 Mar. (83)..
'i
0-18
— .OM
9856
984
273
4410
25 Mar. (84). .
3 Tues. . . .
38 1
15 12
41 43
1(1 11
13 Mar. (72). .
5 Thur. . .
IOC,
.31S
70
215
1411
25 Mar. (84)..
4 Wed....
53 32
21 25
57 15
22 5 1
3 Mar. (1
3 Tues. . . .
2M1
.858
285
751
217
4112
20 Mar. (85). .
6 Fri
9 4
3 37
1 2 111
5 7
21 Mar. (80). .
1 Sun
S
.024
9981
650
265
4413
25 Mar. (85). .
0 Sat
24 35
11 50
28 18
11 19
10 Mar. (70)..
6 Fri
305
.9)5
195
53 I
237
4414
25 Mar. (84). .
1 Sun
40 fi
16 2
13 19
17 32
27 Feb. (58)..
3 Tues....
92
71
381
20f
1115
25 Mar. (84)..
2 Mou. . . .
55 37
22 15
59 21
23 11
17 Mar. (76)..
1 Sun
42
,12(
.17(17
281
255
4416
2(1 Mar. (85). .
4 Wed. . . .
11 9
1 27
1 1 53
5 57
7 .Mar. (66)..
6 Fri
242
.726
911 si
164
227
4417
25 Mar. (85). .
5 Thur...
26 40
10 40
30 24
12 10
25 Mar.
5 Thur . . .
240
.720
16
100
278
4418
25 Mar. (84). .
6 Fri
12 1 1
Id 52
18 22
14 Mar. (73)..
2 Mon... .
0-15
— .(Mi
9891
947
247
4419
25 Mar. (84). .
0 Sat
57 42
23 5
•H 27
fO 35
1 Mar. (63)..
0 Sat
124
.37;.
UN
831
219
4420
2(1 Mar. (85). .
2 Mou....
13 14
5 17
1(1 511
ii 17
23 Mar.
(i Kri
141
.423
140
767
270
1121
25 Mar. (85). .
3 Tues...
28 45
11 30
32 30
13 0
11 .Mar (71)..
:! Tues. .. .
64
.191.
11
014
211
1122
25 Mar. (84). .
1 Wed. . .
44 Ki
17 12
48 2
19 13
28 Keb.
0 Sat
68
204
'.ISllL
461
209
U23
25 Mar. (84). .
5 Thur...
.V.I 17
2:1 H
f3 33
f 1 25
19 Mar. (78)..
(1 Kri.. .
151
.153
9U2(
397
2111
1421
26 Mar. (85). .
0 Sat
15 111
(1 7
19 5
7 38
8 Mar. i(17i.
3 Tues...
82
.2K
9802
1425
f See footnote p. liii above.
Srr. Text. Art. 101, para.
Ixvi
THE fXDIAX CM I \HAR.
TABLE 1.
l.ii,iatioii-ji(if/s = Hi,<i<iOM.v of
A titlii =r '/aoM of the moon's .y/WiV- revolution
I. CONCUliliKNT VKAK.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
kali.
Siika.
Chaitradi.
Vikraina.
a
H
EC
•
£t
o a
»4!
ii
JS
7,
Kullam.
A. 1).
S&mvatean.
True.
Limi-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihiispnii
cvrlr
(Xcii-thern)
ciuTent
at Mesliii
saiikrfinti.
Name (if
mouth.
Time of the
[•needing
sankranti
cx])ressed in
Time of the
biircTi'dinj;
sankrftnti
expressed in
gg
It
'M
'£
IS
!»
*l
e
1
a
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
MM
4427
1428
4429
4480
4481
443-'
4433
4434
t mr.
li:!0
4437
4438
4 131)
4440
u u
Mti
4448
4444
1 1 t5
44 Hi
4447
4448
4449
1480
it:, 1
4452
4453
4454
1458
i i:,i;
1217
1248
mil
1250
12.il
1252
1253
1254
1256
1256
1257
LS68
1259
1260
1201
1262
1263
1864
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1SS2
1383
1384
llisr,
1386
138?
[888
13M)
1390
1391
13112
1393
1894
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1 Hi:,
1406
1407
1408
1401)
1410
1411
1412
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
499-500
500- 1
501- 2
502- 3
503- 4
504- 5
505- 6
506- 7
507- 8
508- 9
:>U'.)- 10
510- 11
511- 12
512- 13
513- 14
514- 15
515- 16
516- 17
517- 18
518- 19
519- 20
520- 21
521- 22
522- 23
523- 24
524- 25
525- 20
52(i- 27
527- 28
638- 29
52!)- 30
*1324-25
1325-26
1326-27
1327-28
'1328-29
1329-30
1330-31
1331-32
•1332-33
1333-34
1334-35
1335-30
"1336-37
1337-38
1338-39
1339-40
*1340-41
1341-42
1342-43
1343-44
* 1344-45
1345-40
1346-47
1347-48
*134S-49
1349-50
1350-51
1851-52
*1352-53
1 353-54
1354-55
58 Kaktakaha
3 Sukla
•i Vuisikha.. . .
9956
29.868
461
L.888
59 Krodhana ....
60 Kshaya
5 Prajilpnli
6 Bhiulrapada . .
9942
29.826
433
1 29!)
2 Vibhava
3 Snkla .
8 Bhfiva
4 Ashaclha
9297
27.891
74
(1.222
4 Pnunoda
5 Prajapati
6 Augiras
7 Srimukha ....
8 Bhava
9 Yuvan
10 J)butri
11 Isvara
3 Jvcshtha ....
9950
29.850
515
1.545
12 Bahudhanya
13 Pramathin . .
7 Asviua
9909
9
9915
29.727
0.027
29.745
130
9942
33
0.3901
29.826
0.0991
10 1'aiu/Hi (Ks/i.)
12 Phalguna
9 Yuvan
10 "Dhiitri
16 Chitrabhanu
5 Sravaua
9609
28.827
415
1.245
12 Bahudhfiuya . .
13 Pramathin . . .
14 Vikrama . .
19 Parthiva
20 Vvava
4 Asliailha ....
9982
29.946
627
1.881
21 Sarvajit
16 Chitrabhanu. .
17 Subbauu
22 SarvadhArin
2'i Virodhiu
2 Vaisukha ....
9934
29.802
514
1.542
24 Vikrita
19 P&rthiva ....
25 Khara
0 Bhadrapsida..
91)57
29.871
538
1.614
20 Vvaya
26 Nandana
27 Vijavu
22 Sarvadhariii . .
23 Virodhin
24 Vikrita
28 Java
4 AshS.lha
9448
28.344
121
(1 303
29 Manmatha. . . .
•SO Diirniukliii
•J5 Kliara
31 llrmalambn. . .
2 Vaisuklia ....
9471
28.413
40
0.120
27 Vijaya
28 Java
33 Vikarin
6 Uhailrairada. .
9495
28.485
47
0.141
') Vrisha, Nu. 15, was suppressed in the north.
Till: ///.\f)C CALENDAR. Kvii
TA 151, K I.
from sun. • : c = .«««'
III COMMKNCK.MKNT OF TIIK
Solar year.
I.imi-Snlar yi-ar. K'uil dny uf rhaitra Sukla lit.)
Kali.
Day
and Mcintli
A. 1).
(Time nf the \lcsha san.krauti.)
Day
anil Month
\. 1).
W.ek
At Sunn-.
meridian of Ujjaln.
Mil HI -
Age.
a.
».
c.
Week
<la\ .
B\ Itii' Arya
ShUlmita.
Hy the Sun a
Sid, II
«
t:C?
tl
31
•-"i
•5 2
£-t
Oh. I'a.
II M.
<;h. I'a.
H. M.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
30
21
22
23
24
25
1
x'5 Mar. (85). .
1 Sun
30 .10
IJ 20
:u :ir,
13 50
2fi Fri!
1 Sun
260
.780
16
128
201
4426
25 Mar. (84)..
2 Mon. .. .
is 32
50 8
20 3
If. Mar.
0 Sat
246
.738
51
64
2.') 2
1427
26 Mar. (85)..
t Weil. . . .
I :>2
0 45
:, 3!)
2 10
r. Mar (64)..
4 Wed....
0-6
-.018
9927
911
222
4428
26 Mar. (85). .
Mar. (85)..
25 Mar (84)..
5 Thur. .
»• Fri
17 24
32 55
48 2f>
13 10
19 22
21 11
.Sli V2
52 11
s 2*
1 1 11
20 54
24 Mar. (88)..
13 Mar. (73)..
2 Mar. (61)..
3 Tues... .
1 Sun. . . .
5 Thur. . .
0-u
177
128
-.036
.531
.384
9!Mi2
17«
52
st7
731
578
278
245
214
1 129
1130
4431
0 Sat
26 Mar. (85)..
2 Mon....
3 57
1 35
7 45
3 6
21 Mar. (80)..
4 Wed....
213
.639
86
514
265
4432
26 Mar. (85). .
3 Tues. . . .
19 29
7 47
23 17
11 111
10 Mar. (69). .
1 Sun
209
.627
9962
361
235
1133
Mar. (85)..
4 Wed....
3r, o
11 0
38 48
15 31
27 Feb. (58)..
5 Thur . .
116
.348
9838
208
804
^ I3i
25 Mar. (84) . .
26 Mar. (85). .
26 Mar. (85). .
6 Thur...
0 Sat
50 31
6 2
21 34
20 12
2 25
51 20
9 51
25 23
21 tl
3 57
10 9
17 Mar. (76)..
7 Mar. (66)..
26 Mar. (85)..
4 Wed....
2 Mon
1 Sun
122
251
231
3i;r,
.753
.693
9872
87
121
111
28
964
255
227
278
4435
4436
4437
1 Sun
Mar. (85). .
2 Mon. . . .
37 5
1 I .",()
40 55
16 22
14 Mar. (74)..
5 Thur. . .
7
.021
9997
SI I
247
4438
25 Mar. (84)..
8 Tue.-...
52 3c,
21 2
56 26
22 34
4 Mar. (63) .
3 Tues. . . .
221
.663
211
694
219
4439
26 Mar. (85)..
26 Mar. (85). .
Mar. (85)..
Mar. (84). .
Mar, (85). .
26 Mar. (85)..
5 Thur. ..
I) Fri
8 7
23 31)
39 10
•>l 11
10 12
25 44
3 15
9 27
15 40
21 52
1 5
10 17
11 58
27 29
43 1
58 32
14 4
29 35
4 47
11 0
17 12
23 25
5 37
11 50
23 Mar. (82). .
12 Mar. (71)..
29 Feb. (60)..
19 Mar. (78). .
8 Mar. (67)..
26 Feb. (57)..
2 Mon....
6 Fri
3 Tues. . . .
1 Mon....
6 Fri
284
282
264
812
137
258
.852
.846
.792
.936
.411
.774
246
122
.)'.I!I7
32
9908
122
630
478
325
261
109
992
271
240
209
260
230
201
4440
4441
1142
4443
Ull
1445
0 Sat
1 Sun
3 Tues...
4 Wed....
4 Wed. . . .
25 Mar. (85) . .
5 Thur. .
11 15
16 30
15 7
18 3
16 Mar. (76). .
3 Tues. . . .
235
.705
157
988
253
4446
25 Mar. (84)..
6 Fri
56 46
22 1-2
fO 38
fO 1 5
5 Mar. (64)..
0 Sat
35
.105
32
775
222
1147
Mar. (85) . .
1 Sun
12 17
1 .V,
16 10
6 28
24 Mar. (83)..
6 Fri
71
.213
67
711
273
4448
26 Mar. (85)..
2 Mon....
27 49
11 7
31 41
12 n
13 Mar. (78)..
3 Tues. . . .
33
.099
11)13
558
242
14»9
25 Mar. (85). .
3 Tues. . . .
43 20
17 20
47 13
18 53
1 Mar. (61)..
0 Sat
39
.117
IMS
405
212
U.'iO
Mar. (84)..
1 Wed....
58 51
28 32
•;-2 1 1
tl 0
20 Mar. (79)..
6 Fri
111
.333
1851
341
2ii3
H51
26 Mar. (85)..
<! Fri
5 45
18 16
7 18
9 Mar. (68)..
3 Tnes....
©-»
-.006
172!)
188
282
4452
26 Mar. (85)..
0 Sat
tt 5 1
1 1 57
33 17
13 31
27 Feb. (58) .
1 San
148
.444
9943
72
804
; t:>3
25 Mar. (85)..
] Sun
15 25
18 10
49 19
19 44
17 Mar. (77)..
0 Sat
125
.375
(978
s
2.-,5
4454
26 Mar. (85). .
3 Tues....
0 5(1
0 22
1 50
1 5fi
7 Mar. (66)..
5 Thnr. . .
Ml
.729
192
SIM
227
4155
26 Mar. (85). .
4 Wed....
16 27
6 35
20 22
8 9
21! Mar. (85)..
4 Wed....
244
.732
227
827
279
4458
See footnote (i. liii abiivr. 0 See Text. Art. 101 above, para. 2.
Ixviii
THE TNDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Lunation-parts — 10,OOOM.« of 11 circle. A tithi = '/aoM of the moon's synodic revolu/ioii.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chain-full.
Vikrama.
i
>»
11
dj
-3
<S5
_=
8
Kullam.
A. 1).
S;nn\alsara.
True.
l.mii-Solar
r\rlr.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
oyole
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sai'iki'unti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
o ^
\A
li
'£
P
IS
1 42
— t-i
>3S.
IS
£
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
445?
4458
4459
4400
4461
4462
4463
4464
I46E
4401
4467
4468
146',
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4 VSI
I4S1
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
i;»)2
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1 140
1441
1442
1443
1444
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
530-31
531-32
532-33
533-34
534-85
535-36
536-37
537-38
538-39
539-40
540-41
541-42
542-43
543-44
544-45
545-46
546-47
547-48
548-49
549-50
500-81
551-52
55J-S8
553-54
554-55
555-56
666-S7
867-88
558-59
559-60
560-61
561-68
1355-5(1
*1356-57
1357-58
1358-59
1359-60
* 1360-61
1361-62
1362-63
1363-64
M364-65
1365-66
1366-67
1367-68
*1368-69
1369-70
1370-71
1371-72
*1372-73
1373-74
1374-75
1875-76
H376-77
1377-78
1378-79
1379-80
'1380-81
1381-82
1382-83
1383-84
*1384-85
1385-86
1386-87
29 Manmatha . . .
30 Dui-mukha
31 Hemalamha. . .
32 Vilamba
33 Vikarin
35 Plava..
36 Subhaki-it
37 vSobhaua
5 Srfivuna
9624
28.872
874
1.122
38 Krodhiu
39 Visvavasu ....
40 Parabhava
3 Jycshtha
'.).-,:,(;
28.668
174
0.522
34 Sarvari
35 Plava
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana
42 Kilaka . . .
:> Vnisfikha.. . .
9898
29.694
I'.m
1.470
38 Krodhin
44 Sitdhfirai.ia . . . .
45 Virodhakrit . . .
46 Paridhuvin . . .
47 Pramildin ....
6 lihadrapada..
9918
29.754
544
1.632
39 Visvfivjisu
40 Parubhava...
4 Asliadha
9647
28.941
268
0.804
42 Kilaka
49 Raksha^a
44 Siidhurann ....
50 Anala
•2 Vaisakha....
9438
28.314
M
0.108
46 ParidMvin. . .
47 Pramadin
52 Kalayukta
6 lihadrapuda . .
9464
28.392
83
0.249
49 Riikshasa
55 Durmati
9743
29.229
389
1.167
50 Anala
51 Pingala
52 Kiilayukta. . . .
53 Siddharthin...
54 Raudra ....
57 lludhiroilgftrin
58 Raktliksha
3 Jyeshtha ....
9577
28.731
296
0.888
BO Kshaya ....
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhava
8 Karttika
9 Mdrgas.(Ksh
2 Vaisakha
9937
15
9927
29.811
0.045
29.781
15
9927
455
0.045|
29.781]
1.365
55 Durmati
56 Dundubhi. . . .
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha....
59 Krodhaua
3 Sukla
4 Pramoda
6 Bhfidrapada..
9906
29.718
500
1.500
60 Kshaya . .
4 AshiWha
9799
29.397
427
1.281
'/•///•• HtNDV <' 1LE \ /' Ix
TA H1,K I.
r of moon / 24) 6 = •'« anomaly. (Col. 25) r = »««'.« CTW« iinoinnly.
Ill COMMF.M KMFNT nF TI1K
Solar jear.
l.uni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla l»t.)
Kali.
Day
1 Month
A. 1).
(Time of the Mesha saiikrfinti.)
Day
and Month
A. I).
Week
day
At Sunrise on
meridian of Ujjaln.
Moon's
Age.
a.
b.
c.
Week
day.
H\ tin- Ana
Siddhanta.
1!\ the Suria
Siddlmma.
!i
n
Gh. Pa.
II M.
Gh. I'a.
II. M.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
10
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
26 Mar. (85)..
5 Thur .
31 59
12 47
35 53
11 21
15 Mar.
1 Sun ....
118
.354
103
674
2 is
4457
Mar. (85)..
6 Fri
47 30
111 (I
51 25
2(1 31
8 Mn
5 Tlmr . .
99
.297
9978
52-
21"
1 15s
26 Mar. (85). .
1 Sun
3 1
1 12
6 57
2 47
22 Mar. (81)..
4 Wed. . .
180
11
I5S
2 (is
4459
Mar. (85)..
2 Mm,..
is :{2
7 25
22 2S
8 59
11 Mar. (70)..
1 Sun . . .
161
.483
It.S'Sl
MM
237
MM
26 Mar. (85)..
8 Tues. . .
.34 4
13 37
3S (1
1 5 1 2
5 Thur. . .
20
.060
11761
152
207
4461
25 Mar. (85)..
1 Wed....
111 35
111 M
58 :<1
21 24
18 Mar. (78)..
1 Wed....
13
1131
9799
ss
258
4462
26 .Mar. (85)..
6 Fri
5 6
2 2
9 8
3 37
8 Mar. (67)..
2 Mon... .
139
.417
IS
972
230
1163
26 Mar. (85)..
26 .Mar. (85). .
25 Mar. (85). .
0 Sat.. . .
1 Sun
2 Mon
20 37
36 9
51 40
s 15
14 27
20 40
21 31
III 6
55 37
9 50
16 2
22 15
26 Feb.
17 Mar.
5 Mar. (65)..
0 Sat
6 Fri
260
266
173
.780
.798
.519
228
262
138
855
791
638
20:.
253
Ml
MM
1 1(15
4466
3 Tues... .
26 Mar. (85). .
26 Mar. (85). .
Mar. (85)..
Mar. (85)..
26 Mar. (85)..
26 Mar. (85)..
4 Wed....
5 Thur...
(i I'ri
7 11
22 42
3.S 14
53 15
11 Hi
24 47
2 52
9 5
15 17
21 30
3 42
'.I :,:,
11 9
2<i HI
42 12
57 13
13 15
2S 16
4 27
1(1 Id
16 53
23 5
5 is
11 31
24 Mar. (83)..
13 Mar.
2 Mar. (61). .
20 Mar. (80)..
9 Mar. («8). .
27 Feb
2 Mon....
(i I'ri
250
254
2115
233
21
137
.750
.762
.615
.699
.06."
. Ill
173
48
9924
9959
9835
574
422
269
205
52
936
273
243
212
263
MS
204
4467
4468
4469
147(1
4471
4472
3 Tues... .
2 Mon... .
6 Fri
i
2 Mon....
3 Tues. . .
4 Wed. . . .
26 Mar. (85)..
4 Wed. . . .
40 ID
Hi 7
II IS
17 43
18 Mar. ,
3 Tues... .
122
.366
83
87]
256
1473
Mar. (85)..
5 Thur..
55 511
22 20
59 49
23 56
7 Mar. (67)..
1 Sun....
298
.894
•98
755
227
1171
26 Mar. (85)..
0 Sat
11 21
I 32
15 21
6 8
25 Mar. (84)..
6 Fri
20
.060
9994
655
276
(175
26 Mar. (85)..
1 Sun
26 52
1(1 15
30 52
12 21
15 Mar. (74)..
4 Wed....
315
.945
208
538
248
4476
26 Mar (85)..
2 Mon....
42 24
16 57
46 24
18 34
1 Mar. (63)..
1 Sun
318
.954
84
385
4477
Mar. (85)..
3 Tues . . .
57 55
23 10
tl 55
fO 46
21 Mar. (81)..
6 Fri
57
.171
9780
285
266
4478
26 Mar. (85) .
26 Mar.
26 Mar. (85)..
5 Thur...
6 Fri
13 26
88 57
1 1 211
5 22
11 35
17 47
17 27
32 59
48 30
6 5«
13 11
19 24
11 Mar. (70)..
28 Feb. (59)..
19 Mar. (78)..
4 Wed....
1 Sun
0 Sat
256
26
3
.768
.078
.009
9994
1.S70
11105
168
16
952
207
258
4479
MM
HSl
0 Sat
[26 Mar. (86)..
2 Mon...
0 0
0 0
4 2
1 37
8 Mar. (68)..
5 Thnr. . .
138
.414
119
835
230
11K2
26 Mar. (85). .
3 Tues. . . .
15 31
6 12
19 33
7 49
25 Feb. (56). .
2 Mon....
10
.030
111115
682
1 111)
44H3
26 Mar. (85). .
4 Wed... .
31 2
12 25
35 5
14 2
16 Mar. (75). .
1 Sun
74
.222
29
618
250
4484
26 Mar. (85). .
5 Tlmr. . .
16 3 1
18 ::;
50 36
20 14
5 Mar. (64)..
5 Thur. . .
77
231
11105
466
220
MU
26 Mar. (86)..
0 Sat
2
0 50
6 8
2 27
23 Mar. (83)..
4 Wed....
161
.483
11)10
402
271
4486
Mar. (85)..
1 Sun ....
17 36
7 2
21 39
8 40
12 Mar. (71). .
1 Sun ....
95
285
9815
249
240
4487
Mar. (85)..'
2 Mon. . . .
33 7
13 15
37 11
14 52
2 Mar. (61)..
6 Fri
275
S25
30
132
212
4488
f StT [notllntf j), 1)11 Iilim r.
t\\
Luiiatinn-piirtit
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
lO.OOOM* of ii circle. A /Mi = ^:\M of the moon's synodic revolution.
\. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
i §
s 1
^ *"
8
§
>»
li
o a
&&
•3
<ea
J=
$
Kollam.
A. D.
Sainvateara.
True.
Lnni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
13rihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
jd
O>
a CT
11
^ §<
J3
S
a ^
"rt •/
ll
»3 S.
'£
£
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4489
4490
4491
M9I
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
1310
1311
1312
1313
1814
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
794
795
796
797
798
79<J
800
801
802
803
804
805
80f
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
562-63
563-64
564-65
565-66
566-67
567-68
568-69
569-70
570-71
571-72
572-73
573-74
574-75
575-76
576-77
577-78
578-79
579-80
580-81
581-82
582-83
583-84
584-85
585-86
586-87
587-88
588-89
589-90
590-91
591-92
592-93
593-94
1387- 88
*1388- 89
1389- 90
1390- 91
1391- 92
*1392- 93
1393- 94
1394- 95
1395- 96
*1396- 97
1397- 98
1398- 99
1399-400
*1400- 1
1401- 2
1402- 3
1403- 4
*1404- 5
1405- 6
1406- 7
1407 8
1 Prabhava
2 Vikhava
3 Sukla
7 Srimukha
8 Bhava
3 Jyeshtha
9991
29.973
879
2.637
10 Dhatri
5 Prajapati
11 isvara
12 Bahudhunva
6 Bhfnlrapada..
9433
28.299
48
0.144
7 Srmiukha ....
8 Bhava
13 Pramathin
9932
29.796
501
1.503
15 Vrisha
10 Dhatri . . .
16 Chitrabhftnu . .
17 Subhaun
3 Jj-eshllin. . . .
8 Kflrttika
10 Pausha(Ksh.)
9538
9981
80
9862
28.614
29.943
0.240
29.586
327
121
9950
56
0.981
0.3631
29. 850 J
0.168
12 Bahudhilnya . .
13 Pramiithin
18 Tiirana
19 Piirlliivn 1
20 VvavH
15 Vrisha . .
16 Chitrabhiinu . .
17 Subhunu
22 SarvadhArin . .
23 Virodhin
6 Bhadrapada . .
9989
29.967
499
1.497
18 Tirana
24 Vikrita
19 Parthiva
4 Ashadha
9855
29.565
625
1.878
20 Vvava
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
21 Sarvajit . . .
»1408- 9
1409- 10
1410- 11
1411- 12
*1412- 13
1413- 14
1414- 15
1415- 16
'1416- 17
1417- 18
1418- 19
22 Sarvadhfirin . .
23 Virodhiu . .
28 Java
2 Vaisakha.. ..
9535
28.605
1
0.003
24 Vikrita
30 Durmukha
6 Bhadrapada..
9483
28.449
23
0.069
25 Kbara ....
26 Nandana
32 Vilamba
27 Vijaya
33 Vikariu
34 Sarvari
4 Ashadlia ....
9380
28.140
112
0.336
28 Java
29 Manmatha. . . .
30 Durmukba. . . .
31 Hemulamba. . .
32 Vilamba
35 Plava
36 Subhakril
3 Jyeshtha ....
9536
28.608
282
0.846
38 Krodhin
8 Karttika
9951
29.853
130
0.390
THE ITIMH' CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Ixxi
a rr nislunre of moon from tun. (Col. 24) b = moon's mean anomaly. (Col. 25) r — tun's mean 1111
III. COMMKNCKMENT OF THE
Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Day
••mil Month.
A. D
(Time of the Mcsha saiikranti.)
.•mil Month.
A. D.
Week
day.
At Huorlae on
meridian of Ujjaiu.
Moon's
Age.
a.
6.
c.
Week
day.
By the Ar\a
.Siddh&nta.
By the Surya
Siddhanta.
S.~
~1
1 *.
3-1
11
Gh. Pa
H. M.
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
1
20 Mar. (85)..
3 Tues... .
48 39
19 27
52 42
21 5
21 Mar. (80). .
5 Thur . . .
262
.786
64
68
263
4489
26 Mar. (86). .
26 Mar (85)..
•26 Mar. (85)..
5 Thur. . .
6 Fri
4 10
19 41
35 12
1 40
7 52
14 5
8 14
23 15
39 17
3 17
9 30
15 43
9 Mar. (69). .
27 Feb. (58). .
18 Mar. (77)..
2 Mon....
0 Sat
0 Fri
9
164
190
.027
.492
.570
9940
154
189
916
799
735
232
204
256
4490
4491
4492
0 Sat
26 Mar. (85)..
1 Sun
50 44
20 17
54 48
21 55
1 Mar. (66)..
3 Tues. . . .
136
.408
65
582
225
4493
26 Mar. (86)..
3 Tues. . . .
6 15
2 30
1(1 20
4 8
25 Mar. (85). .
•2 Mon...
224
.672
99
518
276
H94
26 Mar. (85). .
1 Wed....
21 46
8 42
25 51
10 21
14 Mar. (73)..
6 Fri
220
.660
'Ml:,
365
245
4495
26 Mar. (85)..
5 Thur...
37 17
14 55
41 23
16 33
3 Mar. (62). .
3 Tnes. . . .
129
.387
DS51
213
215
4496
26 Mar. (85). .
26 Mar. (86). .
26 Mar. (85). .
6 Fri
1 Suu
2 Mon... .
52 49
8 20
23 51
21 7
3 20
9 32
56 54
12 26
27 57
22 46
4 58
11 11
22 Mar. (81)..
11 Mar. (71). .
28 Feb. (59)..
2 Mon....
0 Sat
138
268
21
.414
.804
.063
USSli
100
9976
149
32
879
266
238
207
4497
4498
4499
4 Wed....
26 Mar. (85)..
3 Tuo. .
39 22
15 45
43 29
17 24
19 Mar. (78)..
3 Tues....
21
.063
10
815
258
4500
J26 Mar. (85)..
4 Wed....
54 54
21 57
59 1
23 36
9 Mar. (68)..
1 Sun
231
.693
224
699
230
4501
26 Mar. (86). .
26 Mar. (85)..
26 Mar. (85)..
26 Mar. (85)..
26 Mar. (86). .
6 Fri
0 Sat
10 25
25 56
41 27
56 59
12 30
4 10
10 22
16 35
22 47
(i
14 32
30 4
15 35
tl 7
Hi 3S
5 49
12 1
18 14
tO 27
6 39
26 Feb. (57)..
16 Mar. (75)..
5 Mar. (64)..
24 Mar. (88)..
12 Mar. (72)..
5 Thur. . .
4 Wed....
1 Suu
0 Sat
203
291
275
325
152
.609
.873
.825
.973
.456
100
135
11
45
9921
546
482
329
2<>5
112
199
251
220
271
240
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
1 Sun
•2 Mon... .
4 Wed....
4 Wed....
26 Mar. (85)..
5 Thur.. .
28 1
11 12
32 10
12 52
2 Mar. (61)..
2 Mon. . . .
273
.819
135
996
212
4507
26 Mar. (85) . .
26 Mar. (85)..
26 Mar. (86)..
6 Fri
0 Sat
43 32
59 4
14 35
17 25
23 37
5 50
47 41
f3 13
18 44
19 4
tl 17
7 30
21 Mar. (80)..
10 Mar. (69)..
28 Feb. (59)..
1 Sun
5 Thur . . .
3 Tues....
252
49
285
.756
.147
.855
170
46
260
932
779
663
264
233
205
4508
4509
4510
2 Mon....
26 Mar. (85)..
3 Tues....
30 6
12 2
34 16
13 42
17 Mar. (76). .
1 Sun
42
.126
9956
562
in
4511
26 Mar. (85). .
4 Wed....
45 37
18 15
49 47
19 55
6 Mar. (65)..
5 Thur. ..
48
.144
9832
410
222
1512
27 Mar. (86)..
6 Fri
1 9
0 27
5 19
2 8
25 Mar. (84)..
4 Wed....
122
.366
JStld
345
274
4513
26 Mar. (86). .
0 SaL
16 40
6 40
20 50
8 20
13 Mar. (73)..
1 Sun...
13
.039
9742
193
243
4514
26 Mar. (85)..
1 Suu
32 11
12 52
36 22
14 33
3 Mar. (62)..
6 Fri
163
.489
I!l5(i
76
215
4515
26 Mar. (85)..
•2 Mon....
47 42
19 5
51 53
20 45
22 MAT. (81)..
5 Thar. ..
142
.426
9991
12
266
4516
27 Mar. (86)..
4 Wed....
3 14
1 17
7 25
2 58
12 Mar. (71)..
3 Tues —
259
.777
205
s'.Hi
23*
4517
26 Mar. (86). .
5 Thur. . .
18 45
7 30
22 56
9 11
29 Feb. (60). .
0 Sat
83
. 24'.i
81
743
207
4518
26 Mar. (85). .
6 Fri.. ..
34 16
13 42
38 28
15 23
19 Mar. (78). .
6 Fri
129
.387
116
679
Ut
4519
26 Mar. (85)..
0 Sat
49 47
19 55
53 59
21 36
8 Mar. (67). .
3 Tues. . . .
109
.327
9992
526
228
4520
i note p. llii ;i!>nvi'.
12
l\\ii
THE INDIAN CALENDAR
TABLE I.
Lutiulion-ftiTls = 10,OOOM* of u circle. A tttlii := '/WA of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitr&di.
Vikrama.
M
h
•
v
li
.?• °
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihasputi
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mcsha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
suecerding
sankrunti
expressed in
Meshadi (.
B,
A C*
o C^
ll
i-5 5^
'ja
£
oS
ll
2
15
H
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
e
1O
11
12
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1871
1372
1373
1374
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
.VJ4- 95
595- 96
596- 97
597- 98
598- 99
599-600
600- 1
601- 2
602- 3
603- 4
604- 5
605- 6
606- 7
607- 8
608- 9
609- 10
610- 11
611- 12
612- 13
613- 14
614- 15
615- 16
616- 17
617- 18
618- 19
619- 20
620- 21
621- 22
622- 23
623- 24
624- 25
625- 26
626- 27
1419-20
*1420-21
1421-22
1422-23
1423-24
"1424-25
1425-26
1426-27
1427-28
*1428-29
1429-30
1430-31
1431-32
*1432-33
1433-34
1434-35
1435-36
*1436-37
1437-38
1438-39
1439-40
'1440-41
1441-42
1442-43
1443-44
* 1444-45
1445-46
1446-47
1447-48
* 1448-49
1449-50
1450-51
1451-52
33 Vikariu
35 Plava
42 Kilaka
5 Sravana
9592
28.776
162
0.486
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana
44 Sadh&rana
38 Krodhin
45 Virodhakrit.. .
46 Paridhuvin
4 Ashadha ....
9829
29.487
686
2.058
39 Visvavasu ....
40 Parabhava
2 Vaisakha....
9715
29 . 145
111
0.833
49 Ktlaka
49 Rakshasa
6 Bhudrnpada..
9629
28.887
81
0.243
44 SadhArana.. . .
45 Virodhakrit.. .
46 Paridhavin . . .
47 Pramadin ....
53 Siddharthin.. .
4 Ashfulha ....
9374
28.122
173
0.519
49 Rikshasa . . .
56 Dundubhi. . . .
57 Rudhirodgilrm
58 Raktaksha . , .
3 Jyeshtba
9596
28.788
264
0.792
50 Anala ...
51 Pingala
8 Karttika
9922
29.766
90
0.270
52 Kalayukta .
53 Siddhilrthin. . .
54 Raudra
60 Kshava
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhava
5 Sravana
9721
29.163
355
1.065
55 Durmati
56 Dundubhi
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha....
59 Krodhana ....
60 Kshaya
3 Sukla
4 Pramnda ....
5 Pra^a" pati.
4 Ashadha
9795
29.385
664
1.992
6 Angiras
7 Srimukha . . .
8 Bhava
2 Vaisakha. . . .
9904
29.712
297
0.891
1 Prabhava
2 Vibbava
3 Sukla
9 Yuvan
6 Bhadrapada..
9825
29.475
236
0.708
10 Dhatri.
5 Prajapati
12 BahudhAm a .
4 Ashadha ....
9332
27.996
209
0.627
Plavanga No. 41 was suppressed in the North.
THE HINDU CALENDAR.
TABLE 1.
Ixxiii
•-'3) a =: Dittanee of moon from tun. (Col. 24) b — moon's mean anomaly. (Col. 25) /• — sun's mean anomaly.
III. COMMENCEMENT OP THE
Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla lit.)
Kali.
Day
and Month.
\. 1)
(Time of the Mesha sankranti.)
Day
and Month
A. D.
Week
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of Ujjaln.
Moon's
Age.
a.
b.
c.
Week
day.
liy the Arya
Siddhanta.
By the Surui
Siddhanta.
!S
it
it
^-s
-i
*- &.
£.3
u
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
2O
21
22
23
24
25
1
•21 Mar. (86)..
•26 Mar. (86). .
26 Mar. (85)..
2 Mon.. . .
8 Tues....
4 Wed....
5 19
20 50
36 21
2 7
8 20
14 32
9 31
25 2
40 34
3 48
10 1
16 14
27 Mar. (86)..
15 Mar. (5
4 Mar. (63)..
2 Mon
1! I'ri. . . .
200
172
35
.600
.516
.105
26
9902
9778
462
809
156
279
248
217
4521
4522
1523
8 Tues... .
26 Mar. (85)..
5 Thnr. . .
51 52
20 45
56 6
22 26
23 Mar. (82)..
•2 Mon. . . .
29
.087
9812
92
269
1521
27 Mar. (86)..
0 Sat. . . .
7 24
2 57
11 37
4 39
13 Mar. (72)..
0 Sat
14(i
.438
27
976
241
4525
26 Mar. (86)..
1 Sun
22 55
9 10
27 9
10 51
2 Mar. (62)..
5 Thur. . .
275
.825
241
860
213
4526
26 Mar. (85). .
2 Mon. . . .
38 26
15 22
42 40
17 4
21 Mar. (80)..
4 Wed ...
282
.846
276
795
264
4527
26 Mar. (85)..
3 Tues. . . .
53 57
21 35
58 12
23 17
10 Mar. (69)..
1 Sun
182
.546
151
643
233
4528
27 Mar. (86)..
26 Mar. (86). .
26 Mar. (85)..
26 Mar. (85)..
5 Tlmr. . .
6 Pri
9 29
25 0
40 31
56 2
:i 47
10 0
16 12
22 25
13 43
29 15
44 46
fO 18
5 29
11 42
17 54
fO 7
27 Feb. (58)..
17 Mar. (77)..
B Mar. (65)..
25 Mar. (84)..
5 Thnr...
4 Wed....
1 Sun
0 Sat
179
265
216
248
.537
.795
.648
.744
27
62
9937
9972
490
426
273
209
202
2.-> 3
223
•l~t\
4529
4530
4531
4532
0 Sat
1 Sun
27 Mar. (86)..
3 Tues. . . .
11 34
4 37
15 49
6 20
14 Mar. (78)..
4 Wed....
37
.111
9848
56
243
4533
26 Mar. (86) . .
4 Wed....
27 5
10 50
31 21
12 32
3 Mar. (68). .
2 Mon
151
.453
62
940
215
4534
26 Mar. (85). .
26 Mar. (85). .
27 Mar. (86)..
5 Tlmr. . .
6 Fri
1 Sun
42 36
58 7
13 39
17 2
23 15
5 27
46 52
t2 24
17 55
18 45
tO 57
7 10
22 Mar. (81)..
12 Mar. (71)..
1 Mar. (80)..
1 Sun
6 Fri
139
811
242
.417
.933
.726
97
311
187
876
759
606
266
238
207
4535
4536
4537
3 Toes. . . .
26 Mar. (86)..
2 Mon. . . .
29 10
11 40
33 27
13 23
19 Mar. (79)..
2 Mon....
324
972
221
542
259
4538
26 Mar. (85)..
3 Tues....
44 41
17 52
48 58
19 35
8 Mar. (67).
6 Fri
327
.981
97
390
228
4539
27 Mar. (86)..
27 Mar. (86). .
26 Mar. (86). .
26 Mar. (85)..
5 Tlmr. . .
6 Fri
0 12
15 44
31 15
46 46
0 5
6 17
12 30
18 42
4 30
20 1
35 33
51 4
1 48
8 1
14 13
20 26
26 Mar. (85)..
16 Mar. (75)..
4 Mar. (64)..
23 Mar. (82)..
4 Wed....
2 Mon. . . .
6 Fri . .
70
272
42
19
.210
.816
.126
.057
9798
8
9883
9918
289
173
20
956
276
248
218
269
4540
4541
4542
4543
0 Sat . .
1 Sun
5 Thur...
27 Mar. (86). ,
3 Tues....
2 17
0 55
6 36
2 38
13 Mar. (72)..
3 Tues....
154
.462
132
840
241
4544
27 Mar. (86)..
4 Wed....
17 49
7 7
22 8
8 51
2 Mar. (61)..
0 Sat
21
.063
8
687
210
4545
26 Mar. (86). .
26 Mar. (85)..
27 Mar. (86)..
5 Thur...
6 Fri
33 20
48 51
4 22
13 20
19 32
1 45
37 39
53 11
8 42
15 4
21 16
3 29
20 Mar. (80)..
9 Mar. (68)..
26 Feb. (57)..
6 Fri
3 Tnes. . . .
0 Sat
85
84
65
.255
.252
.195
48
9918
9794
623
470
817
261
280
200
4546
4547
4548
1 Sun....
27 Mar. (86)..
2 Mon. . . .
19 54
7 57
24 14
9 41
17 Mar. (76)..
6 Fri
109
.827
9S29
253
251
4549
26 Mar. (86)..
3 Tues. . . .
35 25
14 10
39 45
15 54
6 Mar. (66)..
4 Wed....
290
.870
13
137
223
4550
26 Mar. (85). .
4 Wed....
50 56
20 22
55 17
22 7
25 Mar. (84)..
3 Tues. . . .
280
.840
78
73
274
4551
27 Mar. (86)..
6 Fri
6 27
2 35
10 48
4 19
14 Mar. (73)..
0 Sat
25
.075
9953
920
243
4552
27 Mar. (86)..
0 Snt
21 59
8 47
26 20
10 32
4 Mar. (68). .
5 Thur.. .
177
.531
168
803
215
4553
M footnote p. liii above.
Ixxiv
THE INDIAN CALENDAR
TABLE 1.
Lunation-part* — 10,000^6 of n circle. A tithi — '/W/i of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
II
Is
~j>
d
h
rt
4)
li
o a
'&£
•a
d
—
$
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
1
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
saakranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
saiikranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
snnkrfmti
expressed in
I3
"I ™
.2
£j
B
S3 ^
o ii-
Is
&\
g
&
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
:554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
1588
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
458S
458C
4584
375
376
377
378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
884
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1890
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
510
511
512
513
514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
153r
1538
153£
154C
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
88'
888
88S
627-28
628-29
629-30
630-31
631-32
"1452-53
1453-54
1454-55
1455-56
*1456-57
1457-58
1458-59
1459-60
*1460-61
1461-62
1462-63
1463-64
"1464-65
1465-66
1466-67
1467-68
*1468-69
1469-70
1470-71
1471-72
*1472-73
1473-74
1474-75
1475-76
*1476-77
1477-78
1478-79
1479-80
* 1480-81
1481-82
1482-83
7 iSrimukha
8 Bhava
5 Vrisha
3 Jyeshtha ....
9764
29.292
338
1.014
0 Dhatri . .
7 Subhanu
8 Karttika ....
9971
29.913
84
0.252
8 Tarana
633-34
634-35
635-36
636-37
637-38
638-39
639-40
640-41
641-42
642-43
643-44
644-45
645-46
646-47
647-4S
648-49
649-50
650-51
651-52
652-53
653-54
654-55
655-56
656-57
657-58
13 Pramathin
20 Vyaya
5 Sravana
9750
29.250
485
1.455
16 Chitrabhann . .
17 SubhaDU
23 Virodtin
24 Vikrita
4 Ashadlia ....
9836
29.508
626
1.878
19 Parthiva
1 Chaitra
9712
29.136
21
0.063
28 Jaya ....
6 Bhldrapada..
9983
29.949
433
1.299
22 Sarvadharin . .
23 Virodhin
24 Vikrita
31 Hemalamba.. .
32 Vilamba
4 Ashadha . . .
9342
28.026
164
0.492
25 Khara
26 Naudana ....
27 Vijaya
33 Vikarin
34 S&rrari . . .
3 Jyeshtha . . .
9959
29.877
507
1.521
28 Java
35 Plava
29 Mn n mill ha.. .
30 Durmukha. . .
31 Hemalamba..
32 Vilamba
33 Vikarin
34 Sarvari
35 Plava
36 Subhakrit ...
37 Sobbana
7 Asvina
11 Mdgha (Ksh.
12 Phalguna...
9902
16
9990
29.706
0.048
29.970
121
9990
131
0.363
29.970
0.393
38 Krodhia
39 Visvavasu.. .
5 Sravana ....
9712
29.136
516
1.548
42 Kilaka
4 Asliilttha . . .
9974
29.922
661
1.983
36 Subhakrit . . .
TH1: HIMHJ C. \l,l:.\ DAR. Ixxv
TABLE 1.
I) « — Distancr of ,., ratify. (Cirl. 2.Y) c — ,i«//'.v //!/•</« nunMtdi/.
III. COM. \IENCK.MK\T OF TIIF,
year.
Limi-Solar yi-ar. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla lit.)
A t Sunrise on
(Time of the Mcshu Hariknlnti.)
meridian of Ujjatn.
Moon's
D.,
Day
A L^r
Kali.
:nnl Month
By the Aryu
By tin' Siirj-a
and Month
Week
dav
£c
A. I).
Wwi
Siddhanta.
Si.Uhuiita.
\. 1).
'"V •
s.~
~~3
it
*- p
a.
ti.
c.
<lay.
Ch. Pa.
H. M.
fib. Pa.
II. M.
a 8
§S-
hS-a
•£ J3
dj
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
•26 Mar (86)..
1 Sim
37 30
15 0
41 51
Ifi 44
22 Mar. (82)..
4 Wed....
202
.606
2(12
739
267
|:,.M
26 Mar. (83)..
•2 Mon....
53 1
21 12
57 23
11 Mar. (70)..
1 Sun
146
.438
78
5S(
231
•21 Mnr. (86)..
4 Wed....
8 32
3 25
12 54
5 10
2S IVb.
5 Thur. . .
154
9954
434
MM
4616
27 Mar. (86)..
5 Tliur. . .
24 ^
'.I 37
2s 2ii
11 22
19 Mar. (78)..
4 Wed....
23(
.690
ll'.iss
370
HI
I.VV7
Mar (86)..
li Fri
3'J 3.-,
1 7 35
; Uw
1 Sun
142
.426
9864
217
225
use
2(1 Mar. (85)..
0 Sat
22 2
5'J 29
23 48
26 Mar. |S5,. .
0 Sat
155
.465
DS'.l'.l
168
277
. , /•
•27 Mar. (86)..
•2 Mon... .
10 37
4 15
6 0
16 Mar. (75). .
5 Thur.. .
884
113
36
249
i ,80
•21 Mur. (80)..
3 Tiie*. . . .
26 9
1(1 27
30 32
12 13
5 Mar. (64)..
2 Moil
36
.108
9989
884
218
45(11
Mar. ($9)..
I Wed....
11 4(1
IB 40
IS L'5
23 Mar. (83)..
1 Sun. . . .
36
.KIS
23
269
1668
Mar. (85). .
5 Thur.. .
57 11
22 52
•|-1 33
fO 38
13 Mar. (72). .
6 Fri
214
.732
238
703
241
151)3
27 -Mar. (So). .
0 Sal
12 42
5 5
17 6
6 51
2 Mar. (61)..
3 Tues
212
. C,3(i
114
.-,:,(
21(
156 J
Mar. (86)..
1 Sim
28 14
11 17
32 3S
13 3
21 Mar. .(80)..
2 Mon....
301
.903
148
486
262
4565
20 Mac. (86)..
2 Mon... .
43 45
1 7 30
4S 1(1
19 16
'.) Ma
6 Fri
281
s.V,
24
33 t
231
4506
Har iS5)..
:( TIL
.V.I Ml
23 42
•;-3 41
fl 28
2(i Feb.
3 Ti:
170
.510
.I'.IOI
181
4567
27 Mar. (86)..
in-. . .
14 47
5 55
19 13
7 41
17 Mar.
2 Mon....
168
. 504
.MI34
117
4568
27 Mar. (86)..
6 Fri
30 19
12 7
31 41
13 31
7 Mar
890
.870
11U
0
888
26 Mar. (Sill. .
II Sat
45 50
is 2(1
50 Hi
20 (i
25 Mar. (85). .
6 p,.j
2 (is
.804
936
274
4570
Mar. (8fi)..
2 Mou... .
1 21
(I 32
5 47
2 19
14 Mar.
3 Tin
62
. IM,
.V.I
2U
4571
27 Mar. (86). .
3 T».
Hi 52
c, 45
21 19
8 31
4 Mar. (8
1 Sun
293
273
867
216
1572
Mar. (86). .
1 Wed... .
32 2 4
12 .'.7
36 50
II 41
22 Mar. (81). .
(i Fri
51
. 1 53
9969
2(11
1578
26 .Mar. (88). .
5 Thur. . .
47 55
1!) 10
52 22
20 57
10 Mar. ,
3 Tues. . . .
57
.171
414
4574
27 Mar. (86) . .
II Sat
3 26
1 22
7 53
3 9
27 Feb.
0 Sat
4
.012
9721
2(11
203
4575
27 Mar. (86)..
1 Sun. . . .
7 35
23 25
11 22
18 Mar. (77)..
(1 Fri
27
.081
17.",:.
I "7
25 \
4576
27 Mar. (86)..
2 Mon... .
34 -20
13 17
38 5(1
15 35
8 Mar. (67) .
4 Wed....
178
.534
9970
80
226
4577
26 Mar. (86). .
3 Tues. . . .
50 0
20 0
54 28
21 47
26 Mar. (88)..
3 Tuea. . . .
160
.480
4
17
277
4578
27 Mar. (86)..
a Thur. . .
3 3 1
2 12
9 59
4 0
16 Mar.
1 Sun
276
219
900
249
1579
27 Mar. (86). .
(1 Fri
21 2
8 25
2.-, 31
10 12
5 Mar. (64)..
5 Thur. . .
95
94
747
•218
U80
27 Mar. (86)..
0 Sat
36 3 4
14 37
41 2
16 25
24 Mar. (83)..
4 Wed....
141
423
129
r,s:i
269
158]
26 Mar. (86). .
1 Sun. . . .
52 5
2(1 50
5li 3 1
22 38
12 Mar. (72). .
1 Sun
118
5
1582
27 Mar. (86)..
3 Tu.
7 36
3 2
12 5
4 50
1 Mar. (60)..
5 TUur...
119
357
)->SO
378
208
4.VSH
27 Mar. (86)..
4 Wed ...
23 7
<! 15
27 37
11 3
20 Mar. (79)..
4 Wed....
184
9915
1584
f S>r footnote p. liii above.
Ixxvi
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Lunation-parts — lO.OOOMi of a circle. A tithi = 'IwtA of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitradi.
Vikrama.
a
1
P*
11
S*
•^pq
-5
««
H
s
Kollam.
A. B.
Samvateara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Meaha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
ca CT
It;
•Ss.
'M
H
JS
1-g
II
IS
B
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
460S
4609
4610
4611
4612
M18
4614
4615
4616
4617
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
658-59
659-60
660-61
661-62
662-63
663-64
664-65
665-66
666-67
667-68
668-69
669-70
670-71
671-72
672-73
673-74
674-75
675-76
676-77
677-78
678-79
679-80
680-81
681-82
682-83
683-84
684-85
685-86
686-87
687-88
688-89
689-90
690-91
1483- 84
•1484- 85
1485- 86
1486- 87
1487- 88
*1488- 89
1489- 90
1490- 91
1491- 92
*1492- 93
1493- 94
1494- 95
1495- 96
*1496- 97
1497- 98
1498- 99
1499-500
*1500- 1
1501- 2
1502- 3
1503- 4
*1504- 5
1505- 6
1506- 7
1507- 8
*1508- 9
1509- 10
1510- 11
1511- 12
*1512- 13
1513- 14
1514- 15
1515- 16
37 Sobhana
44 Sadharana
38 Krodhin
45 Virodhakrit...
46 Paridhavin . . .
1 Chaitra
9679
29.037
41
0.123
39 Visvavasu. . . .
40 Parabhava....
41 Plavanga
42 Kilaka .
47 Pramadin
48 Ananda
5 Sravana.
9259
27.777
48
0.144
49 Rakshasa
43 Saumya
44 Sadharana
45 Virodhakrit.. .
46 Paridblvin . . .
47 Pramadin ....
48 Ananda
49 Rakshasa
50 inala
50 Anala
4 Ashadha ....
9451
28.353
170
0.510
51 Pingala
52 Kalayukta. . . .
53 Siddharthin.. .
54 Raudra
2 Vaisakha....
9575
28.725
94
0.282
55 Durmati
56 Duudubhi ....
6 Bhadrapada..
9569
28.707
75
0.225
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktilksha
59 Krodhana ....
5 Sravana
9689
29.067
478
1.434
52 Kalayukta . . . .
53 Siddharthin. . .
54 Raudra
55 Durmati
56 Dundubhi. . ..
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha....
59 Krodhana ....
60 Kshaya
60 Kshaya
1 Prabhava
3 Jyeshtha
9590
28.770
167
0.501
2 Vikhava
3 Sukla
4 Pramoda
5 Prajapati
1 Chaitra.
9653
28.959
4
(1.012
6 Angiras
5 Sravana
9225
27.675
28
0.084
7 Srimukha ....
8 Bhava
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhava
9 Yuvan
4 AsMdha ....
9630
28.890
269
0.807
3 Sukla
10 Dhatri
4 Pramoda. . . .
11 Isvara
5 Prajapati
6 Angiras
7 Srimukha . . .
8 Bhava
12 Bahudhanya . .
13 Pramathin
14 Vikrama
15 Vrishal)
17 Subhanu
2 Vaisakha... .
9551
28.653
137
0.411
6 Bhadrapada .
9574
28.722
145
0.435
9 Yuvan
(Jhitrabhanu, No. 16, was suppressed in the north.
7//A IIIXDU CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Kxvii
—
* ' .tun. (Col. 24) 6 — moon's mean anomaly. ' '"/ 2">i r — ,»«//* //«•«>/ «//
III. COMMENCEMKNT OF Till.
Solar year.
I.imi-Solar year. (Civil day of C'haitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Day
.•mil Minilll
A. 1).
(Time nf the Meaha sankranti.)
Day
anil Month
A. 1).
Week
day .
At 8unriS"'
meridian of Ujjaln.
Moon's
Age.
a.
6.
c.
\\,rl,
day.
By the Aryu
Siddhanta.
Ity tin- Siina
Siildhanta.
SC
Jl
3 «
Ml
It
S|
fih. IV
H. M.
Gh. Pa.
II. M.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
21 Mar. (86)..
26 Mar. (S6). .
27 Mar. (86)..
5 Thur.. .
6 Fri
3s 39
54 10
9 41
15 27
21 40
3 52
43 8
5S II)
14 12
17 15
23 28
5 41
9 Mar. (68). .
27 Feb. (58)..
17 Mar. (76). .
1 Sun....
6 Fri
49
1-7
168
.147
.561
.486
9791
5
40
161
44
'.ISO
22S
no
251
4585
4586
U9I
1 Sun. . . .
5 Thur. . .
•21 Mar. (86)..
2 MOIL...
25 12
10 5
2!) 13
1 1 53
7 Mar. (66)..
3 Tties
2S9
861
251
K64
223
!5hK
27 Mar. (86)..
20 Mar. (86)..
27 Mar. (86)..
3 Tues . . .
4 Wed... .
0 l-Vi
40 44
56 15
11 46
16 17
22 30
4 12
45 15
fO 46
111 IS
18 6
fO 18
6 31
20 Mar. (85)..
14 Mar. (74)..
3 Mar. (62). .
2 Mon....
ft Fri
2M
191
in
.888
.582
.561
289
165
10
800
647
I'.M
275
211
213
4589
4590
i.v.i i
3 Tues
27 Mar. (86)..
0 Sat
27 17
10 55
31 49
12 41
22 Mar.
2 Mon... .
275
.831
75
430
21)1
1592
27 Mar. (86)..
1 Sun
12 49
17 7
47 21
11 Mar. (70)..
6 Fri
229
.687
9951
277
234
UfM
26 Mar. (86)..
2 MUH. . . .
5S 20
23 20
J2 .-.2
fl 9
2S l>'cb. (59)..
3 Tues. . . .
68
.204
9826
125
203
I.V.I I
27 Mar. (86)..
I- Wed....
13 51
5 32
18 24
7 21
18 Mar. (77)..
2 Mon....
54
.162
9S<H
61
251
i.v.i:,
27 Mar. (86)..
5 Thur...
29 22
I 1 15
33 55
13 34
s Mar. (67)..
0 Sat
166
.498
75
944
221!
UfM
27 Mar. (86)..
(i Fri
44 54
17 57
49 27
19 17
27 Mar. (86)..
6 Fri
155
.465
110
880
277
1597
27 Mar. (86). .
1 Sun. . . .
0 25
1) 10
1 5S
1 59
16 Mar. (76). .
4 Wed. . . .
324
.972
321
764
249
kSM
27 Mar. (86)..
:-' M.m....
15 56
6 22
20 30
s 12
5 Mar. (64)..
1 Sun . . .
250
.750
200
fill
218
4599
27 Mar. (86)..
3 Tues....
31 27
12 35
36 1
14 25
23 Mar. (82)..
6 Fri
26
.078
9896
511
267
4600
27 Mar. (86)..
27 Mar. (87)..
27 Mar. (86)..
27 Mar. (86)..
4 Wed. ...
6 Fri
46 59
2 3o
is 1
33 32
18 47
1 0
7 12
13 25
51 33
7 4
22 36
38 7
20 37
2 5(1
9 2
15 15
12 Mar. (71)..
1 Mar. (61). .
20 Mar. (79). .
9 Mar. (68)..
3 Tues. . . .
1 Sun
0 Sat
21
268
288
61
.063
.804
.Slit
.183
9772
'.I9so
21
9896
358
241
181
236
208
259
228
4601
1002
4603
4604
0 Sat
1 Sun ....
4 Wed....
27 Mar. (86)..
2 Mon... .
49 4
19 37
53 39
21 28
27 Feb. (58)..
2 MOQ. . . .
180
.540
111
912
200
4605
27 Mar. (87)..
4 Wed....
4 35
1 50
9 10
8 40
17 Mar. (77)..
1 Sun
171
.513
145
848
M
1000
27 Mar. (86)..
27 Mar. (86)..
27 Mar. (86)..
5 Tlmr. . .
0 Fri.
20 6
35 37
51 9
8 2
14 15
20 27
24 42
40 13
55 45
9 53
16 5
22 18
6 Mar. (65)..
25 Mar. (84)..
14 Mar. (73)..
5 Thur. . .
4 Wed....
1 Suu. . . .
31
93
90
.093
.279
270
21
56
9931
695
631
479
221
272
241
1007
4608
4009
0 Sat
27 Mar. (87)..
2 Mon... .
6 40
2 40
11 17
4 31
2 Mar. (62)..
5 Thur. . ,
74
.222
9807
326
210
1610
27 Mar. (86)..
3 Tues. . .
22 11
S 52
26 48
10 43
21 Mar. (80)..
4 Wed....
122
.366
9842
262
262
4611
27 Mar. (86)..
4 Wed....
37 42
1 r,
12 2(1
1 r, :,(i
11 Mar. (70)..
2 Mou... .
307
.921
56
145
234
1C, 1 2
27 Mar. (86)..
5 Thur. . .
53 14
21 17
:,7 51
23 S
28 Feb. (59). .
6 Fri
68
.204
9932
992
203
4613
27 Mar. (87)..
0 Sat
8 45
3 30
13 23
18 Mar.
5 Thur...
45
.185
9967
m
254
4614
27 Mar. (86)..
1 Sun....
24 16
9 12
28 54
1 1 34
8 Mar. (67)..
3 Tues. . . .
192
..-.7(i
181
812
10 1 5
27 Mar. (86)..
2 Mon....
39 47
44 26
17 46
27 Mar. (86)..
2 Mou. . .
217
.651
2 1 r,
748
277
1016
27 Mar. (86). .
;i Tues... .
55 111
22 7
59 57
23 59
16 Mar. .
6 Fri
152
.456
91
Nt
4017
f Sec footnote p. Hi, ;
Ixxviii THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE 1.
Lunation-parts = 10,OOOMi of a circle. A titki = llwlA of the moons synodic revolution.
I CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitradi.
Vikl'ama
0
tj
•
ft
ejj
s
«S
1
~
kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesliii
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
§2
•^3
11
3
H
c C?
i|
II
3
P
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4618
4619
4620
4821
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
461! 1
4632
1638
4684
468K
1686
4637
1688
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
1644
•1045
4646
4647
4648
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
144!)
1450
1451
1452
1453
1 t:,l
1456
I IT, 6
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
146S
i toy
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
Ki02
1603
1604
923
!)2 I
925
92«
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
691- 92
692- 93
693- 94
694- 95
695- 96
696- 97
697- 98
698- 99
699-700
700- 1
701- 2
702- 3
703- 4
704- 5
705- 6
706- 7
707- 8
708- 9
709- 10
710- 11
711- 12
712- 13
713- 14
714- 15
715- 16
716- 17
717- 18
718- 19
719- 20
720- 21
721- 22
*1516-17
1517-18
1518-19
1519-20
*1520-21
1521-22
1522-23
1523-24
* 1524-25
1525-26
1526-27
1527-28
*1528-29
1529-30
1530-31
1531-32
*1532-33
1533-34
1534-35
1535-36
1536-37
1537-38
1538-39
1539-40
*1540-41
1541-42
1542-43
1543-44
*1544-45
1545-46
1546-47
10 Dhatri
18 Tarana. . .
9756
29.268
458
1.374
11 isvara
19 Parthiva
12 Bahudhanya . .
13 Pramathin ..
14 Vikrama
20 Vyaya
21 Sarvajit
3 Jyeshtha ....
9665
28.995
334
1.002
22 Sarvadharin.. .
23 Virodhin.... !
24 Vikrita
25 Khara
8 Karttika.. ..
9 Miirgas.(Ksh)
2 Vaisakha.. ..
9961
12
9989
29.883
0.036
29.967
12
9911
558
0.036]
29.73S/
1.674
16 Chitrabhanu . .
17 Subhanu
18 Tirana
6 Bhadrapada . .
9992
29.976
616
1.848
19 Parthiva
20 Vyaya
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadhftrin . .
23 Virodhin
27 Vijaya
28 Java
29 Manmatha. . . .
30 Durmukha . . .
4 Ashfti.lha
9818
29.454
450
1.350
31 Hemalamba.. .
24 Yikrita
2 Vaisaklia....
9517
28.551
103
0.309
25 Khara
33 Vikarin
26 Nandana
27 Vijaya
34 Sarvari .
6 Bhadrapada..
9532
28.596
249
0.747
35 Plava
28 Jaya
36 Subhakrit ....
29 Manmatha
30 Durmukha . . .
31 Hcnialamba . . .
32 Vilamba
37 Sobhana
5 Sravana
9916
29.748
519
1.557
38 Krodhin
39 Visvavasu . . .
40 Parubhava
41 Plaranga
3 Jyeshtha. . . .
9649
28.947
408
1.224
33 Vikarin
d.9 kii-.i .,
7 Asvina
9704
96
9847
29.112
0.288
29.541
60
9948
08
0.1801
29. 844 }
0.195
35 Plava
43 Saimiya
44 Sadhilrana.
10 Pa«sha(Ksh.)
1 Chaitra
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana
38 Krodhin
39 Visvavasu ....
40 Parablmva....
45 Virodhakrit...
46 Paridhavin . . .
5 Sravana
9348
28.044
18
0.054
47 Pramadin
48 Ananda
4 Ashadha ....
9927
29.781
637
1.91]
Till: III.MIU CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Ixxix
(Col. 23) it •=. Distance of moon (Col. 24) b '•=. moon's me<, ,. (Col. 25) c. •=. sun's mean tin-
III. ('(IMMKNCEMKNT OF TI1K
Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Day
iiilll \lrlllth
A. 1).
(Time of the Mcsha saiikranti.)
Day
:md Month
A. 1).
Week
day.
At SunriS'
meridian of DJJalo.
M i'l
Age.
a.
t.
e.
\\Yek
day.
By the Arya
SiddhAntn.
By the Sflrya
Siddbanta.
Is
Cu
~1
a SI
a a.
- *
5 •a
.2 -a
|!
£-3
Gh. Pa.
II. M.
Gh. Pa.
11. M
13
14
16
17
15a
17a
19
2O
21
22
23
24
25
1
27 Mar. (87). .
27 Mar. (86)..
27 Mar. (86)..
27 Mar. (86)..
5 Thur. . .
6 In
10 50
26 21
41 52
57 24
4 20
Id :i2
Hi 45
22 57
15 29
31 0
4li 32
f2 3
6 11
12 24
is 37
;o t'.i
4 Mar. (64)..
23 Mar. (82)..
12 Mar. (71)..
2 Mar. (61)..
3 Tues. . . .
2 Mon....
fi Fri
isa
23'J
l.V,
323
.174
.717
.4fi5
.969
9967
2
9877
92
442
378
226
109
210
267
w
20S
10 1 s
4619
4620
1C.21
0 Sal
1 Sun. . .
l Wi-d. . . .
27 Mar. (87)..
3 Tues... .
12 55
5 10
17 35
7 2
20 Mar. (80). .
3 Tu
306
.918
126
45
UN
4622
J27 Mar. (86)..
4 Wed... .
28 26
11 22
33 fi
13 15
!i Mar. (68)..
0 Sal
53
.159
2
892
229
4623
27 Mar. (8m..
5 Thur...
43 57
17 35
48 38
19 27
27 Feb. (58)..
5 Thur. . .
88]
.663
216
776
201
4624
27 Mar. (86)..
6 Fri
r><) 2!)
23 47
ft '•)
fl 40
18 Mar. (77). .
4 Wed....
Ul
.765
251
712
252
1025
27 Mar. (87). .
1 Sim. . . .
15 0
6 0
11) H
7 52
6 Mar. (66)..
1 Sim
217
.051
127
r,.v.»
221
4626
Mar. (86)..
Mar. (86)..
2 Mon. . . .
»....
:i(i 31
46 2
12 12
18 25
35 12
50 44
14 5
20 18
25 Mar. (84)..
14 Mar. (73). .
0 Sat
4 Wed....
306
294
.918
.882
161
37
M8
342
272
241
4627
4628
28 Mar. (87)..
27 Mar (87)..
27 Mar. (86)..
5 Thur...
6 Fr!
1 34
17 5
32 3<>
0 37
6 50
13 2
(i 15
21 47
37 19
2 30
8 43
14 55
3 Mar. (62)..
21 Mar. (81)..
11 Mar. (70)..
1 Sun
0 Sat
5 Thur. .
185
187
310
.561
.930
9913
9947
162
189
125
9
211
2(i2
234
4629
4630
4631
0 Sat
27 Mar. (86)..
1 San....
is 7
19 15
52 50
21 8
28 Feb. (59)..
2 Mon....
70
37
856
203
4632
28 Mar. (87)..
27 Mar. (87). .
27 Mar. (86)..
27 Mar. (86)..
28 Mar. (87)..
3 Tues... .
1 Wed....
5 Thur. . .
6 Fri
« 39
19 10
lit 41
50 12
5 41
1 27
7 40
13 52
20 5
2 17
8 22
23 53
3!) 25
54 56
10 28
3 21
9 33
15 46
21 58
1 11
19 Mar. (78)..
8 Mar. (68)..
26 Mar. (85)..
15 Mar. (74)..
4 Mar. (63). .
1 Sun
6 Fri
77
301
58
64
15
.231
.903
.174
192
.045
72
286
9982
1IS5S
9734
792
675
575
122
270
254
22fi
275
244
213
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4 Wed. . . .
1 Sun
5 Thur. . .
1 Sun
27 Mar. (87)..
2 Mon....
21 15
8 30
25 5!)
10 24
22 Mar. (82)..
4 Wed....
11
.132
!)7«u
206
265
4638
27 Mw. (86)..
3 Tues. . . .
3li Hi
14 42
41 31
16 36
12 Mar. (71)..
2 Mon....
197
. .V.I 1
il'.Ki
89
2311
4639
27 Mar. (86)..
Mar. (87)..
J27 Mar. (87)..
4 Wed. . . .
6 Fri
52 17
7 49
23 20
20 55
3 7
9 20
57 ' 2
12 31
28 5
22 4!)
5 2
11 14
2 Mar. (61)..
21 Mar. (80)..
9 Mar. (69)..
0 Sat
fi I'ri
315
296
108
.945
.888
.324
197
232
108
973
909
756
208
260
229
4640
4641
4642
0 Sat
3 Tues. . . .
27 Mar. (86)..
1 Sun
38 51
15 32
43 37
17 27
26 Feb. (57). .
0 Sat
41
.123
H9S3
603
198
If, 13
27 Mar. (86)..
•i Mem... .
51 22
21 45
59 8
23 31)
17 Mar. (76)..
(i I'ri
124
.372
18
539
249
41)44
28 Mar. (87). .
4 Wed.. .
9 54
3 57
1 1 III
5 52
6 Mar. (65)..
3 Ti'.
127
881
(»S'.I4
386
818
1045
27 Mar. (87)..
5 Thur. . .
25 25
10 10
30 1 1
12 5
24 Mar. (84)..
2 Mon... .
194
.582
9928
322
870
1610
27 Mar. (86). .
G Fri ....
40 r>(i
16 22
15 13
is 17
13 .Mar. (78)..
6 Fri
C.7
.201
'.mm
169
4047
27 Mar. (86). .
0 Sat
51) ^7
22 35
-l-l 14
0 30
8 Mar. (62)..
1 Wed....
MM
.618
18
211
M48
• footnote |). liii above.
1\\\
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE 1.
l:,i,,,itwu-purts — lO.OOOM* of a circle. A lithi — '/soM of the mon,^ ti/t/oitin resolution.
1. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
uhaitradi.
Vikrama.
e
<o
in
o e
K c ilia in.
A. I).
Samvatsara.
True.
I.imi-Solar
rvrlr.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
Meshadi (S
Bf
o ^
~3 M
= ?
SI
•
'M
H
0 S
Is
? '-*
^ S.
<n
2
B
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4649
4650
4651
4M2
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4858
MM
4660
4661
4MS
46IJ3
46(14
4665
4666
4667
466S
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
467S
468C
US
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1017
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
163"
163f
1637
954
955
956
957
958
'.I.V.I
960
961
962
963
961
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
'.ITS
979
980
981
982
9H3
984
985
98C
722-23
723-24
724-25
725-26
726-27
727-28
728-29
729-30
730-31
731-32
732-33
733-34
734-35
735-36
736-37
737-38
738-39
739-40
740-41
741-12
742-43
743-44
744-45
745-46
746-47
747-48
748-4'.)
749-50
750-51
761-88
752-53
753-54
754-55
1547-48
* 1548-49
1 549-50
1550-51
1551-52
•1552-53
1553-54
1554-55
1555-56
*1556-57
1557-58
1558-59
1559-60
*1560-61
1561-62
1562-63
1563-64
•1564-65
1565-66
1566-67
1567-68
•1568-69
1569-70
1570-71
1571-72
•1572-73
1573-74
1574-75
i: 575-76
•1576-77
1577-78
1578-79
1579-80
41 Plavanga
42 Kilaka
49 RAkshasa
2 Viiisilkha.. . .
9559
28.677
75
0.225
•4 Sadharana ....
45 Virodhakrit...
46 Paridhavin . . .
47 Pramildin ....
53 Siddharthin.. .
34- Raudra
6 Bhadrapada . .
9533
28.599
121
0.363
56 Dundubhi. . . .
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha
4 Ashadlia ....
9435
28.3(15
115
0.345
49 Rakshasa
59 Krodhana
3 Jyeshtha ....
9811
28.888
394
1.182
52 Kiilayukta....
53 Siddharthin...
60 Ksha\a
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhavn
7 Asvina
9864
29 . 592
63
0.189
3 Sukla
56 Dundubhi ....
57 Rudhirodgai'iu
58 Raktitksha
59 Krodhana ....
60 Kshaya
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhava . . .
4 Pramoda
9580
2S.740
147
0.441
7 Srimukha ....
8 Bhuva
4 Ashai.lha ....
9988
29.814
753
2.259
10 Dhutri
2 Vaisakha ....
9671
29.013
129
0.387
3 Sukla . . .
11 Isvara
4 Pramoda
5 Prajiipati
12 Bahudhunya. .
13 Pramathin
6 Bhfulrapada.
9628
28.884
126
0.378
14 Vikrama
7 Srimukha ....
8 Bhava
15 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhanu .
17 Subhanu
4 Ashaclha . . .
9477
28.431
258
0.774
10 Dhutri
18 Tarana
19 Parthiva
3 Jyeshtha.. .
9631
28.893
352
1.056
12 Bahudhanya . .
13 Pram&thiu . . .
20 Vyaya
21 Sarvajit
7 Asvina
9646
28.935
19
o.oirt
Tin. II I. \ IW CALENDAR.
TABLE 1.
Ixxxi
(Col. 23) a — Distance of moon from sun. (Col. 24) b — moon's mean unmanly. (Col. 25) r — tun's mean anomaly.
III. COMMENCEMENT OK TIIK
Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitni Sukla lit.)
Kali.
Day
and Month
A. D.
(Time of the Mesha sankrunti.)
Diy
and Month
A. D.
Week
day.
t
At Banrlae on
meridian of Ujjaln-
Moon's
Age.
a.
I.
c
•
Week
day.
By the Arya
Siddhanta.
By the Sftrya
Siddhanta.
f S
jt
33
il
£-3
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
10
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
28 Mar. (87)..
2 Mon. . . .
11 59
4 47
16 46
6 42
22 Mar. (81)..
3 Tnet....
183
549
53
989
262
4649
27 Mar. (87)..
3 Tues....
27 30
11 0
32 17
12 55
11 Mar. (71)..
1 Suu. . . .
306
918
267
872
234
4650
27 Mar. (86)..
4 Wed. . . .
43 1
17 12
47 49
19 8
28 Feb. (59). .
5 Thur. . .
149
447
143
720
203
4651
27 Mar. (86)..
28 Mar. (87)..
27 Mar. (87)..
5 Thur...
0 Sat
58 32
14 4
2!) 35
23 25
5 37
11 50
t» 21
18 52
34 24
fl 20
7 33
13 45
19 Mar. (78)..
8 Mar. (67)..
26 Mar. (86). .
4 Wed....
1 San
0 Sat
202
191
281
606
.573
.843
178
53
88
656
503
439
Ml
224
275
4652
4653
4654
1 Sun
27 Mar. (86)..
2 Mon. . . .
45 6
18 2
49 55
19 58
15 Mar. (74)..
4 Wed....
240
.720
9964
286
214
4655
28 Mar. (87). .
4 Wed....
0 37
0 15
5 27
2 11
4 Mar. (63)..
1 Sun
86
;su
9840
133
214
4656
28 Mar. (87)..
5 Thur...
16 9
6 27
20 58
8 23
23 Mar. (82)..
0 Sat
73
.219
9874
69
265
4657
•11 Mar. (87)..
6 Fri
31 40
12 40
36 30
14 36
12 Mar. (72)..
5 Thur. . .
188
.564
89
953
237
4658
27 Mar. (86)..
0 Sat
47 11
IS :,:>
52 1
20 48
2 Mar. (61)..
3 Tues....
325
.975
303
836
209
4659
28 Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87)..
27 Mar. (87). .
2 Mon... .
3 Tues. . . .
4 Wed. . . .
2 42
18 14
33 45
1 5
7 17
13 30
7 33
23 4
38 36
3 1
9 14
15 26
20 Mar. (79)..
10 Mar. (69). .
27 Mar. (87)..
1 Sun
6 Fri
0-i
IN
33
— .003
.774
.099
9999
213
9909
736
619
519
257
229
278
4660
4661
4662
4 Wed....
27 Mar. (86)..
28 Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87)..
5 Thur...
0 Sat
49 16
4 47
20 19
19 42
1 55
* 7
54 7
9 39
25 10
21 39
3 52
10 4
16 Mar. (75) . .
6 Mar. (65)..
25 Mar. (84)..
1 Sun
6 Fri
29
280
303
.087
.840
.909
97*5
9999
34
366
250
186
247
219
871
4663
4664
4665
1 Sun
5 Thur. . .
27 Mar. (87)..
2 Mon....
35 50
14 20
40 42
16 17
13 Mar (73)..
2 Mon....
79
.237
9910
33
461)6
27 Mar. (86)..
28 Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87)..
3 Toes ... .
5 Thur...
6 Fri
51 21
6 52
22 24
20 32
2 45
8 57
56 13
11 45
27 16
22 29
4 42
10 55
3 Mar. (62)..
22 Mar. (81)..
11 Mar. (70)..
0 Sat
6 Fri
196
287
41
.588
.861
.123
124
159
34
917
852
700
211
262
232
4667
4668
4669
3 Tues
27 Mar. (87)..
0 Sat
37 55
15 10
42 48
17 7
28 Feb. (59)..
0 Sat
12
.036
9910
547
201
4670
27 Mar. (86)..
1 Sun
53 2(1
21 22
58 19
23 20
18 Mar. (77)..
6 Fri
101
.303
9945
483
252
4671
28 Mar. (87)..
3 Tues. . . .
8 57
3 35
13 51
5 32
7 Mar. (66)..
3 Tues. . . .
84
.252
9820
330
221
4672
28 Mar. (87)..
1 Wed. . . .
24 29
9 47
29 23
11 45
26 Mar. (85)..
2 Mon
134
.402
9855
2ti«
•21:
4673
27 Mar. (87)..
5 Thur. . .
40 0
16 0
44 54
17 58
15 Mar. (75)..
0 Sat
322
.966
69
150
245
4674
27 Mar. (86)..
6 Fri
55 31
22 12
fO 26
to 10
4 Mar. (63)..
4 Wed....
84
.252
9945
997
21.
M7I
28 Mar. (87). .
1 Sun. . . .
11 2
4 25
15 57
6 23
23 Mar. (82)..
3 Tues....
62
.181
9980
933
2C.5
4676
28 Mar. (87)..
2 Mon....
2<i 34
10 37
31 29
12 35
13 Mar. (72)..
1 Sun
206
.818
194
Slfl
237
M77
27 Mai-. (87)..
3 Tues. . . .
42 5
16 50
47 0
18 48
1 Mar. (61)..
5 Thur...
92
.276
70
206
1678
27 Mar. (86)..
4 Wed ...
57 36
23 2
f2 32
tl 1
20 Mar. (79)..
4 Wed. . . .
102
.481
105
600
257
4(179
28 Mar. (87)..
6 Fri
13 7
5 1 •">
18 3
7 13
9 Mar. (68)..
1 Sun
166
.49*
99S(
447
227
4(>Mt
28 Mar. (87).
0 Sat
28 39
11 27
33 35
13 26
28 Mar. (87)..
0 Sat
250
.750
15
383
278
4681
f See footnote p. liii above.
See Text. Art. 101 above, ]);ua. I1.
Ixxxii THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE 1.
Liii/uiioii-iiiirts — 10,OOUM» of a circle. A lit/ii = VauM of the moons synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Chaitradi.
Vikrama.
a
CO
Si
•A|
1
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sarikranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
J ^
1
o -^
1 S
H
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4682
4683
1684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
M94
Kin:,
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
1503
1504
1505
1506
1607
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
15 IK
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1584
1535
1638
1639
1610
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1065
166G
1667
1668
1669
1670
987
988
989
090
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
755-56
756-57
757-58
758-59
759-60
760-61
761-62
762-63
763-64
764-65
765-66
766-67
767-68
768-69
769-70
770-71
771-72
772-73
773-74
774-75
775-76
776-77
777-78
778-79
779-80
780-81
781-82
783-84
7M-85
785-86
786-87
787-88
*1580- 81
1581- 82
1582- 83
1583- 84
'1584- 85
1585- 86
1586- 87
1587- 88
*1588- 89
1589- 90
1590- 91
1591- 92
•1592- 93
1593- 94
1594- 95
1595- 96
•1596- 97
1597- 98
1598- 99
1599-600
'1600- 1
1601- 2
1602- 3
1603- 4
•1604- 5
1606- 7
1607- 8
*1608- 9
1609- 10
1610- 11
1611- 12
'1612- 13
22 Sarvadharin
15 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhanu. .
23 Virodhin
24 Vikrita
5 Sruvana
9752
29.256
347
1.041
25 Khara
18 Tirana
19 Parthiva
26 Nandana
27 Vijaya
4 Ashaclha
9894
29.682
772
2.316
20 Vyaya
28 Java
29 Manmatha ....
2 Vaisakha ....
9894
29.682
280
0.840
22 Sarvadharin . .
23 Virodhin
31 Hemalamba.. .
32 Vilamba
6 Bhadrapada .
9806
29.418
233
0.699
24 Vikrita
25 Khara
33 Vikarin
26 Nandana ....
34 Sai-vari
35 Plava
4 Ashadha ....
9443
28.329
307
0.921
27 Vijaya
28 Jaya
36 Subhakrit
29 Manmatha.. . .
30 Durmukha . . .
3 1 1 Icrna lamba. . .
32 Vilamba
33 Vikarin
37 Sobhana.
3 Jyeshtha
9753
29.259
375
1.125
38 Krodhin
39 VisvSvasu ....
40 Parabhava
7 Asvina
9728
29.184
21
0.063
34 Sarvari
42 Kilakal)
9934
29.802
515
1.545
35 Plava
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhaua
45 Virodhakrit
46 Paridhavin . . .
47 Pramadin
4 Ashaclha
9907
29.721
731
2.193
38 Krodhin . .
39 Visvavasu ....
48 Anauda
40 Parfibhava
41 Plavanga
42 Kflaka
43 Saumya
44 Sadharana ....
45 Virodhakrit.. .
46 Paridhavin . . .
49 Rukshasa
9789
29.367
60
0.180
51 Pingala
6 Bhadrapada..
9997
29.991
415
1.245
52 Kalavukta
53 Siddharthin
54 Raudra
4 Ashadha
9417
28.251
287
0.861
Sanmya, No. 13, was suppressed in the north.
TJII- II I \ in~ CALENDAR.
TA I!U<: I.
Kxviii
te of moon from ••'« imnmuly. (Col. 25) r — tun'i mean anomaly.
III. rOM.MKNCKMKNT or TIIK
Solar year.
I.imi-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitrt Sukli 1st.)
Kali.
Dq
M onth
A. 1).
(Time of the Mesha sank rant I.)
Day
and Month
A. D.
Week
At Hunri-i-
meridian of Ujjaln.
Meon'i
Age.
a.
4.
c.
Week '
day.
By the Ana
Siildhanta.
By the Sun a
Sidillmntii.
fiC
I*
il
33
» »H
a!
*"5
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
'Oh. Pa.
11. M.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
Mar (87)..
1 Sun
44 1(1
17 40
4!i c>
HI 3S
Hi Mar. (76)..
4 Wed....
169
.507
DS'.M
23(
247
M88
27 Mar. (86)..
•2 M«m....
59 41
23 52
f 4 3S
fl 51
5 Mar. (64)..
1 Sun
0-J7
— .OS]
9766
77
216
M88
28 Mar. (87)..
4 Wed....
15 12
6 5
20 9
s 1
25 Mar. (84). .
1 Sun
322
.966
139
49
270
4I1S4
Mar. (87)..
27 Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87)..
5 Thur. . .
6 Fri
30 44
46 15
1 46
12 17
18 30
0 42
35 U
51 12
6 44
14 16
2(1 2!)
2 42
14 Mar. (73)..
3 Mar. (63). .
22 Mar. (81)..
5 Thur...
3 Tnes. . . .
2 Mon....
70
235
267
.210
.705
.801
15
230
264
897
781
TH
239
211
263
4liS5
4686
4687
1 Sun....
28 Mar. (87)..
2 Mou....
17 17
6 55
22 15
8 54
11 Mar. (70)..
6 Fri
226
.678
140
5(i:i
232
Hiss
Mar. (87)..
3 Tucs. . . .
32 49
13 7
37 47
15 7
28 Feb. (59)..
3 Tues. . . .
233
.699
16
411
2(11
M89
27 Mar. (87). .
4 Wed....
48 20
19 20
53 18
21 19
18 Mar. (78)..
2 Mon
305
.915
50
347
252
4690
28 Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87)..
27 Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87)..
6 Fri
0 Sat
3 51
19 22
34 54
50 25
1 32
7 45
13 57
20 10
2 22
8 50
21 21
39 53
55 25
10 56
3 32
9 45
15 57
22 10
4 22
7 Mar. (66)..
26 Mar. (85)..
16 Mar. (75). .
4 Mar. (64)..
28 Mar. (82). .
6 Fri
5 Thur...
3 Toes. . . .
0 Sat
198
203
327
sr,
91
.594
,801
.9. SI
.255
.273
9926
9961
175
51
s:.
194
130
13
860
796
222
273
245
214
265
Kill]
4692
4693
4694
4695
1 Sun
2 Mou....
4 Wed. . . .
6 Fri
28 Mar. (87). .
5 Thur. . .
21 27
8 35
26 28
10 35
13 Mar. (72)..
4 Wed....
313
.939
300
680
237
4696
28 Mar. (87)..
Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87). .
6 Fri
0 Sat
36 59
52 30
8 1
14 47
21 0
3 12
41 59
57 31
13 2
16 48
23 0
5 13
2 Mar. (61)..
19 Mar. (79)..
8 Mar. (67). .
1 Sun
6 Fri
3 Tnes... .
Mi
73
26
.879
.219
.078
175
9871
9747
527
427
274
206
255
224
1697
Kills
1699
:.' Mon....
28 Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87)..
27 Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87)..
Mar. (87)..
3 Tues... .
4 Wed....
5 Thur. . .
0 Sat
23 32
39 4
51 3.->
10 6
25 37
!> 25
21 50
4 2
10 15
28 34
4 1 5
59 37
15 8
30 40
11 25
17 38
23 51
6 3
12 10
27 Mar. (86). .
17 Mar. (76)..
6 Mar. (66). .
25 Mar. (84)..
14 Mar. (73)..
2 Mon. . . .
0 Sat
59
214
33)
312
121
.177
.642
.993
.936
.363
1788
9996
210
245
121
210
94
977
913
760
275
247
219
271
210
1700
4701
1702
4703
4704
5 Thur...
4 Wed....
1 Sun
1 San
28 Mar. (87)..
:.' Mon... .
41 9
16 27
46 11
18 29
3 Mar. (82)..
5 Thur. . .
51
.153
I9H7
607
209
4705
Mar. (87)..
3 Tues... .
56 40
22 40
fl 43
fO 41
21 Mar. (81)..
4 Wed. . . .
133
.399
31
543
260
4706
28 Mar. (87) .
28 Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87). .
5 Thur...
6 Fri
12 11
27 42
43 14
I 52
11 5
17 17
17 14
32 46
48 17
6 54
13 6
19 19
10 Mar. (69). .
27 Feb. (58)..
18 Mar. (77)..
1 Sun....
5 Thur...
4 Wed ...
136
66
82
.408
108
2 Hi
9907
9783
9817
391
238
174
229
199
250
4707
4708
4709
0 Sat
27 Mar. (87)..
1 Sun
58 45
23 30
f3 49
fl 32
7 Mar. (67)..
2 Mon
223
669
32
57
222
4710
28 Mar. (87)..
3 Tues. . . .
14 16
5 12
19 20
7 U
26 Mar. (85)..
1 Sun
200
600
66
993
273
4711
28 Mar. (87)..
1. \Ved....
29 47
11 55
34 52
13 .57
16 Mar. (75)..
6 Fri
323
969
2S1
877
245
4712
28 Mar. (87). .
5 Thur...
45 19
18 7
50 23
20 9
5 Mar. (64)..
3 Toes....
160
480
156
724
214
4713
28 Mar. (87)..
0 Sat
0 50
0 20
5 55
2 22
23 Mar. (83)..
2 Bon....
213
639
191
660
265
4714
I Sir footnote p. liii above. © See Text. Art. 101 above, para. 2.
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
l,niintit»i-]>nrti •=. 10.000M* of a circle. A tithi = 'jsolA of the, moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitradi.
Vikrama.
3
j[
11
f|
-3
•
"i
g
KU] him.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
Lunation
parts, (t.)
2
B
§2
1|
3 S,
13
'&
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
178J
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
474fi
4747
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1504
1565
1566
1567
1 508
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1077
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
104:
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
788- 89
789- 90
790- 91
791- 92
792- 93
793- 94
794- 95
795- 96
796- 97
797- 98
798- '.)!)
799-800
800- 1
801- 2
802- 3
803- 4
804- 5
805- 6
806- 7
807- 8
808- 9
809- 10
810- 11
811- 12
812- 13
813- 14
814- 15
815- 16
816- 17
817- 18
818- 19
819- 20
820- 21
1613-14
1614-15
1615-16
•1616-17
1617-18
1618-19
1619-20
•1620-21
1021-22
1622-23
1623-24
* 1624-25
1625-26
1626-27
1627-28
•1628-29
1629-30
1630-31
1631-32
•1632-33
1633-34
1634-35
1635-36
•1636-37
1637-38
1038-39
1639-40
•1640-41
1641-42
1642-43
1643-44
•1644-45
1645-46
47 Pramadin
56 Dundubhi
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktfiksha
3 Jyeshtha
9943
29.829
495
1.485
49 Rakshasa
50 Anala
>9 Krodhana ....
7 Asvina.
9880
29.640
119
0.357
52 Kalayukta. . . .
53 Siddharthin . .
2 Vibhava
5 Sravana
9825
29.475
600
1.800
3 Sukla.
55 Durmati
56 Dundubhi ....
57 Rudhirodgariu
58 Raktaksha
59 Kroilhana ....
60 Kshava
5 Prajapati
4 Ashldha ....
9967
29.901
720
2.160
8 Bhava
9791
29.373
132
0.396
9 Yuvan
1685
1686
1687
1688
108!
1690
1691
1692
1693
1094
1695
1696
1697
1698
1698
170C
1701
1702
170.
10 Dhatri
11 Isvara
9368
28.104
116
0.348
2 Vibhava
3 Sukla
12 Bahudhanya
13 Pramatliiu . . .
4 AshiVlha ....
9469
28.407
249
0.747
15 Vrisha . . .
7 Srimukha ....
8 Bhava
16 Chitrabhilnu . .
17 Subhanu
2 VaUakha. . . .
9651
28.953
123
0.369
18 Tarapa.
6 Bhadrapa4a..
9620
28.860
77
0.231
10 Dhatri
19 Parthiva
11 Isvai'a
20 Vyaya
12 Bahudhiinya . .
13 Pramfithin. . . .
14 Vikrama
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadhfirin . .
5 Sravaua
9805
29.415
593
1.779
23 Virodhin
24 Vikrita
25 Khara
3 Jyeshtha ....
9602
28.806
152
0.456
16 Chitrabhanu . .
17 Subhfmu
18 Taraua
26 Nandana ....
27 Vijaya
1 Chaitra
9749
29.247
114
0.342
19 Parthiva. . ..
28 Java
Till-: HINDV CALENDAR.
TA H LK I.
•/. 25) c —
III. COMMKNCKMKNT (IF TIIK
Solar year.
l.nni-Solar year. (Civil day of Cliaitra Sukla 1st.)
At Sunrise on
meridian of Ujjaln,
(Time of the Mesha sankriinti )
Moon's
Dny
Day
WK
Age.
Kali.
and Month
IU the Arya
Uy the Siirya
and Month
rrk
fa
£->
A. 1).
\\n-k
Siddhanta.
Siddl.
A. I).
.
|»
.2 -a
•5 I
a.
b.
c.
day.
Oh. Pa.
11 M.
Oh. Pa.
II. M.
- ,2
•-J 4.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
28 Mar. (87)
1 Sun ....
Hi 21
6 32
21 26
8 35
12 Mar. (71). .
6 Fri
201
.603
6't
5(17
235
1715
28 Mar. (87). .
2 Mon. . . .
31 52
12 45
3(1 5S
1 1 17
1 Mar. (60)..
3 Tues —
191
. 5SS
9942
354
204
4716
28 Mar. (87). .
3 Tues. . . .
47 24
Is :,7
52 30
21 0
20 Mar. (79)..
2 Mon....
253
.759
9977
290
255
4717
28 Mar. (88)..
5 Tlmr...
2 55
1 10
8 1
3 12
8 Mar. (68). .
6 Fri
101
.303
9853
138
224
47 IS
28 Mar. (87)..
6 Fri
IS 21!
7 22
23 33
11 25
27 Mar. (86)..
5 Tlmr. . .
92
.27C
9SKS
74
276
4719
28 Mar. (87). .
0 Sat
33 57
1 3 35
39 4
15 3K
17 Mar. (76)..
3 Tnes. . . .
204
(112
102
957
24h
1720
28 Mar. (87). .
1 Sun ....
49 29
19 47
5 1 36
21 50
6 Mar. (65)..
0 Sat
0-14
— .042
9977
804
217
4721
28 Mar. (88)..
3 Tues....
5 II
2 0
10 7
4 3
24 Mar. (84)..
6 Fri
12
.036
12
740
268
4722
28 Mar. (87)..
4 Wed. . . .
2(1 31
8 12
25 39
10 15
14 Mar. (78)..
4 Wed....
268
.804
226
624
240
4723
2s Mar. (87)..
5 Thur . . .
36 2
14 25
41 10
16 28
3 Mar. (62)..
1 Sun
269
.807
102
471
209
4724
28 Mar. (87)..
6 Fri
51 34
20 37
56 42
22 41
21 Mar. (80)..
6 Fri
39
.117
9798
371
258
4725
28 Mar. (88). .
1 Sun
7 5
2 50
12 13
4 53
10 Mar. i70...
4 Wed....
292
.876
12
254
2311
4726
28 Mar. (87)..
2 Mon... .
22 36
9 2
27 15
11 6
27 Feb. (58)..
1 Sun
115
.345
9888
1(11
199
4727
28 Mar. (87). .
3 TUPS.
38 7
15 15
43 16
17 19
18 Mar. (77)..
0 Sat
95
.285
9923
37
251
4728
28 Mar. (87)..
4 Wed....
53 39
21 27
58 48
23 31
8 Mar. (67)..
5 Thur. . .
211
.633
187
921
222
4729
28 Mar. (88)..
« Fri
9 10
3 40
14 19
5 14
26 Mar. (86)..
I Wed....
203
.609
172
857
273
4730
28 Mar. (87)..
0 Sat
24 41
!) 52
29 51
11 56
15 Mar. (74)..
1 Sun
54
.162
48
704
242
4731
Mar. (87)..
1 Sun ....
40 12
16 5
45 22
18 9
5 Mar. (64) . .
6 Fri
330
.990
262
588
21 1
4732
Mar. (87)..
2 Mon....
55 1 1
22 17
tO 64
tO 22
23 Mar. (S2u.
4 Wed....
no
.330
9958
487
263
4733
28 Mar. (88). .
4 Wed...
11 15
4 30
16 25
6 34
11 Mar. (71)..
1 Sun
94
.282
9834
385
232
4734
Mar. (87)..
5 Thur.
26 46
10 42
31 57
12 47
1 Mar. (60). .
6 Fri
BM
.984
48
218
204
4735
28 Mar. (87)..
6 Fri
42 17
16 55
47 2S
18 59
19 Mar. (78). .
4 Wed....
0-n
-.o»»
9744
118
253
4736
28 Mar. (87). .
0 Sat
57 49
23 7
f3 0
tl 12
9 Mar. (68)..
2 Mon....
100
.300
9958
1
225
1737
28 Mar. (88)..
2 Mon....
13 20
5 20
18 32
7 25
27 Mar. (87)..
1 Sun....
80
240
9993
937
276
4738
28 Mar. (87)..
3 Tues....
2S 51
11 32
34 3
13 37
17 Mar. (76)..
6 Fri
220
. 660
207
821
24S
4739
28 Mar.
4 Wed. . . .
44 22
17 45
49 35
19 50
6 Mar. (65)..
3 Tuea
102
.306
83
668
217
4740
Mar. (87)..
5 Thur. . .
59 54
23 57
•|-5 6
t2 2
25 Mar. (84)..
2 Mon....
172
.516
118
tii n
26S
4741
28 Mar. (8<i). .
0 Sat
15 25
6 10
20 38
8 15
13 Mar. (78)..
6 Fri
176
.528
9993
451
4742
28 Mar. (87)..
1 Sun
30 56
12 22
36 9
14 28
2 Mar. (61)..
3 Tnes. . . .
145
.435
IS61I
298
2(17
4743
28 Mar. (87). .
•2 Mon....
41! 27
is 35
51 41
20 40
21 Mar. (80)..
2 Mon. . . .
1S3
.549
>9(ll
234
258
4744
29 Mar. (88)..
4 Wed....
1 51)
0 47
7 12
2 53
10 Mar. (69)..
6 Fri
0-13
-.034
9779
82
227
4745
28 Mar. (88). .
5 Thur. .
17 30
7 0
22 44
9 5
28 Feb. (59)..
4 Wed....
107
.321
9994
965
199
1746
28 Mar. (87)..
6 Fri
33 1
13 12
38 15
15 18
18 Mar. (77). .
3 Tues. . . .
86
28
901
250
1747
f Sec footnote p. Hii above.
© Sec Teit. Art. 101 above, para 2.
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
tii'n-pnrts = 10,OOOM.« of a circle. A tithi = '/aott of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
•5 «
£ 3
t: £
d
i
.••.
li
Z£
•5
<BJ
1
S
Kollam.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
aaukranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sai'iknlnti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
saukranti
expressed in
ir*
o>
Jg
It
'•S
H
§s
If
^ S.
^
S
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4748
4749
4750
4751
1762
1759
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4787
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1053
10.VI
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
lOfii.
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
821-22
822-23
823-24
824-25
825-26
826-27
827-28
828-29
829-30
830-31
831-32
832-33
833-34
834-35
835-36
836-37
837-38
838-39
839-40
840-41
841-42
842-43
843-44
844-45
845-46
848-47
847-48
848-49
849-50
850-51
851-52
852-53
853-54
1646-47
1647-48
•1648-49
1649-50
1650-51
1651-52
"1652-53
1653-54
1654-55
1655-56
*1656-57
1657-58
1658-59
1659-60
•1660-61
1661-62
1662-63
1663-64
•1664-65
1665-66
1666-67
1667-68
•1668-69
1669-70
1670-71
1671-72
•1672-73
1673-74
1674-75
1675-76
•1676-77
1677-78
1678-79
20 Vyava
29 Manmatha. . . .
5 Sravana
9328
27.984
133
0.399
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadharin . .
23 Virodhin
32 Vilaraba
33 Vikarin
4 Aslmilha ....
9618
28.854
294
0.882
24 Vikrita
34 Sarvari
35 Plava
2 Vaisakha
9658
28.974
216
0.648
27 Vijava
36 Subhakrit
28 Java
37 Sobhana
6 Bhadrapada..
9670
29.010
219
0.657-
29 Manmatha. . . .
38 Krodhin
31 llemalamba.. .
39 Vilaraba
40 Parabhava
5 Sravaija
9800
29.400
552
1.656
33 VikArin
42 Kilaka
34 Sarvari
3 Jyeshtha
9727
29.181
343
1.029
35 Plava
44 Sadharaua
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana . .
45 Virodhakrit.. .
46 Paridhavin . . .
1 Chaitra .
9749
29.247
72
0.216
38 Krodhin
39 Visvavasu... .
40 Parabhava.. . .
41 Plavariga
42 Kilaka ....
48 Ananda
49 Rfiksh'isa
9319
27.957
94
0.282
51 Pingala
4 Ashadha
9814
29.442
438
1.314
43 Saumya
44 SAdharaua.. . .
45 Virodhakrit.. .
46 Paridhavin . . .
47 Pramadin
48 Ananda
49 Rakshasa
50 Anala
51 Pingala
52 Kalayukta
52 Kalayukta
53 Siddharthin. .
54 Raudra
2 Vaisakha... .
9616
28.848
212
0.636
56 Dundnbhi . . .
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha
6 Bhadrapada..
9641
28.923
262
0.786
59 Krodhana . . .
60 Kshava
5 Sravana
9913
29.739
563
1.689
7 '///•. ffl.\nu CAI.I'.XDAR.
TABLf] 1.
Ivxxvii
r« of moon front sun. li ir: noon's mean anomaly. (Col. 25) r =z sua'i mean anomaly.
III. COMMKV KM1AT OK THK
Solar year.
Luni-Solar \i-ar. (Civil day of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Day
alld MoHtll
\. 1)
(Time cif tin. Mesha sankrAnti.)
Day
and Month
A. D.
Week
day.
At Sunrise on
meridian of Cjjaln.
Uoon'i
Age.
•
b.
c.
Week
da\
liv thi' Ann
SiclilliAnta.
By the Sflrya
Siddhauta.
ii
33
11
s-f
Gh. Pa.
11 M
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
13
14
15
17
IBs
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
28 Mar. (87)..
29 Mar. (88)..
28 Mar. (88). .
Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87)..
Uar. (88)..
Mar. (88)..
28 Mar. (87). .
Uar. (87)..
Mar. (88)..
28 Mar. (88). .
28 Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87)..
\\-M- (88)..
28 Mar. (88). .
28 Mar. (f
28 Mar. (87)..
29 Mar. (88)..
28 Mar. (88)..
28 Mar. (87)..
28 Mar. (87)..
29 Mar. (88)..
28 Mar. (88)..
28 Mar. (87). .
29 Mar. (88)..
29 Mar. (88)..
28 Mar. (88)..
28 Mar. (87). .
Mar. (88)..
29 Mar. (88)..
28 Mar. (88)..
28 Mar. (87)..
29 Mar. (88). .
0 Sat
•1 M,m... .
3 Tues....
4 Wed. . . .
5 Thur...
0 Sat
is :i2
l l
19 35
35 li
50 37
6 9
21 40
37 11
52 42
8 14
23 45
39 16
54 47
10 19
25 50
41 21
56 52
12 24
27 55
43 26
58 57
14 29
30 0
45 31
1 2
16 34
32 5
47 30
3 7
18 39
34 10
i!) n
5 12
19 25
1 37
7 50
H 2.
20 15
2 27
8 40
14 52
21 5
3 17
9 30
15 42
21 55
4 7
10 20
111 32
22 45
1 r.T
11 10
17 22
23 35
5 47
12 0
18 12
0 25
6 37
12 50
19 2
1 1.1
7 27
13 40
19 52
2 5
53 47
9 18
2t .111
10 21
55 .i:t
11 21
20 .1C,
42 27
13 30
29 2
41 31
fO 5
15 37
31 8
40 40
t2 11
17 13
33 14
48 46
t-t 17
19 49
35 20
50 52
6 23
37 26
52 .is
8 29
24 1
3!) 32
55 4
10 36
21 31
3 43
9 56
16 9
22 21
4 34
10 4li
23 12
5 24
11 37
17 49
fO 2
6 15
12 27
18 40
tO 52
7 5
13 18
19 30
tl 43
7 56
14 8
20 21
2 33
s ir,
14 59
21 11
3 24
9 36
15 49
22 2
4 14
s Mar. (67)..
27 Mar. (86)..
15 Mar. :
4 Mar
23 Mar. (82)..
12 Mar. (71)..
29 Keb. (60)..
19 Mar. (78)..
9 Mar. (68)..
28 Mar. (87)..
16 Mar. (76)..
6 Mar. (65)..
24 Mar. (83). .
13 Mar. (72)..
2 Mar. (W). .
21 Mar. (80)..
10 Mar. (69)..
28 Feb. (59)..
18 Mar. (78)..
7 Mar. (66)..
26 Mar. (85). .
15 Mar (71).
3 Mar. (63). .
22 Mar. (81)..
12 Mar. (71). .
1 Mar. (60)..
19 Mar. (80)..
9 Mar. (68)..
28 Mar. (87). .
17 Mar. (76)..
5 Mar. (65)..
24 Mar. (88)..
13 Mar. (72)..
1 Sun
0 Sat
247
280
235
212
315
211
0-a
Q-V
LOO
107
2
80S
84
37
236
230
0-a
119
134
60
142
147
78
97
238
0-u
.I-...,
172
225
209
205
265
111
.741
.705
.726
.945
.1133
— .oo«
-.Ml
.300
.321
.006
.MM
.252
.112
.708
.690
— .069
.357
.402
.180
.426
.441
.234
.293
.714
—.ox
—.1X0
..IK;
.675
.627
.615
.795
:u.-,
277
153
29
63
'.t'.l.TJ
9850
64
99
9974
189
9885
9760
9975
9
9885
99
134
10
44
9920
.I79<;
9831
44
9921
9955
170
204
80
t'.i.ii;
9990
).soo
784
721
Ills
415
351
198
45
981
865
801
648
532
431
278
102
98
'.11.1
829
7M
<;i2
548
395
242
178
62
909
845
728
864
512
359
295
142
222
273
213
212
263
232
202
253
225
276
245
217
266
235
207
258
227
199
2.11
220
271
240
209
261
233
202
213
276
245
215
2Wi
4748
4749
4750
1711
1712
1753
4754
1755
1750
4757
4758
4759
4760
1701
4762
4703
1704
4765
1700
4767
4768
4769
4770
1771
vm
1773
1774
177.1
1776
1777
4778
1779
•780
4 \V,.d....
1 Suu . . .
0 Sat
1 Wed....
1 Sun
0 Sat
1 Suu
2 Mon. ...
3 Tucs. . . .
.1 TUur. . .
6 Fri
0 Sat
5 Thnr. . .
4 Wed....
1 Sun
6 Fri
4 Wed....
1 Sun....
6 Fri
1 Sun
3 Tues....
4 Wed....
5 Thur...
8 Fri
5 Thur. . .
2 Mon.. .
0 Sat
6 Fri
1 Sat
2 Mon....
3 Tues. . . .
4 Wed....
li Kri
3 Tues... .
2 Mon....
(i Kri
0 Sat
3 Tues —
2 Mou. . . .
0 Sat... .
4 Wed....
3 Tues
1 Sun
0 Si*....
4 Wed....
1 Suu
0 Sat
4 Wed. . .
1 Sun
3 Tucs . . .
1 \Wd....
5 Tliur. . .
r> Kri
1 Sun. . . .
•1 Mon....
3 Tues....
4 Wnl ...
6 Kri
t See footnote |i. liii al)u\c.
© S.T Text. Art. 101 above, par
«3
Kxxviii THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE J.
Ltttiiilion-parlx — 10,000//i* of <i circle. A tilhi ~ '/WA of the moon's synodic revolution.
1. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali
Saka
Chaitradi.
Vikraimi.
S3
Kollum.
A. D.
Samvatsara.
True.
1
Jsl
O o
^aq
-3
<=3
M
0
s
Luni-Solau
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankrauti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sarikranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
a C-"
.2 ^
5 ™
a tj
^ 5,
tn
IS
p
IS
1-2
=3 •>->
^ S.
^2
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4788
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
16?,6
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
174^
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
854-55
855-56
856-57
857-58
858-59
859-60
860-61
861-62
862-63
863-64
864-65
865-66
866-67
867-68
868-69
869-70
870-71
871-72
872-73
873-74
874-75
875-76
876-77
877-78
878-79
879-80
880-81
881-82
882-83
883-84
884-85
1679- 80
*1680- 81
1681- 82
1682- 83
1683- 84
*1684- 85
1685- 86
1686- 87
1687- 88
*1688- 89
1689- 90
1690- 91
1691- 92
*1692- 93
1693- 94
1694- 95
1695- 96
*1696- 97
1697- 98
1698- 99
1699-700
*1700- 1
1701- 2
1702- 3
1703- 4
*1704- 5
1705- 6
1J06- 7
1707- 8
H708- 9
1709- 10
53 Sicldhilrthin.. .
2 Vibhava
3 Sukla
3 Jyeshtha ....
9755
29.265
470
1.410
55 Durmati
4 Pramoda . . . . |
5 Prajapati
7 Asvina
9788
94
9920
29.364
0.282
29.760
110
9936
99
0.3301
29.808]
0.297
10 Paitsha(Ksk.)
1 Chaitra
56 Dundubhi
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha
59 Krodhana ....
60 Kshava
6 Arigiras
7 Srimukha
8 Shiva 1)
5 Sravaua
9394
28.182
82
0.246
10 Dhatri
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhava
11 Isvara
12 Bahudhanya
4 Ashadha ....
9971
29.913
634
1.902
3 Sukla
13 Pramathin
4 Pramoda
5 Prajapati ....
14 Vikrama
2 Vaisakha ....
9613
28.839
169
0.507
6 Arigiras
16 Chitrabhanu . .
17 Subhanu
6 Bhfidrapada..
9609
28.827
216
0.648
7 Srimukha ....
8 Bhava
18 Turana
9 Yuvan
10 Dhatri
19 Pfu-thiva
20 Vvava
4 Ashadha ....
9459
28.377
99
0.297
11 Isvara
21 Sarvajit .
12 Bahudhanya . .
13 Pramathin . .
14 Vikrama
15 Vrisha
22 Sarvadhfirin.. .
23 Virodhin
3 Jyeshtha ....
9714
29.142
511
1 . 533
24 Vikrita
25 Khara
7 Asvina
9772
29.316
147
0.441
16 Chitrabhanu. .
17 Subhanu
26 Nandana
27 Viiava
9574
28.722
168
0.504
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
18 Turana
28 Java
19 Parthiva
29 Manmatha
20 Vyaya . .
30 Durmukha. . . .
51 Hemalamba
3 Jyeshtha
9270
27.810
30
0.090
21 Sarvajit
22 SarvadMriu . .
23 Virodhiu
32 Vilamba
33 Vikarin
•2 Vaisakha.. . .
9706
29.118
187
0.561
') Yuvnn, No. 9, was suppressed in the north.
THE ///.v/>r CM i-\nAR.
T.\ I'.LK I.
(Col. 23) a — Distance of noon from iun. (Col. 24) b = moon's mean anomaly. (Col. 25) <• — sun's mean anomaly.
III. C()\I\IK\( KMKNT OF TI1K
Soliir year.
I.uni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Suklu 1st.)
At Hunrlfte on
(Time of the Mesba sankrunti.)
meridian ol Uljalu.
Moon's
Day
Din
ii/ K
Age.
Kali.
and Month.
A. D
Week
Inir
By the An, a
Siddlmntn.
Hy the Sunn
Siddhanta.
and Mouth
A. D.
Week
day.
"O*"
•
'•
c.
p
|i
uay.
"5 |^
'&£
Gh Pa
11 \l
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
3 J2
«
— w
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
29 Mar. (88). .
0 Sat
20 44
8 17
26 7
1(1 27
3 Mar. (62)..
2 MOD....
245
.735
Sll
26
207
4781
28 Mar. (88). .
1 Sun
36 15
14 30
41 39
1(1 39
21 Mar. (81)..
1 Sun
222
.r,t;t;
115
962
258
4782
J28 Mar. (87). .
2 Mon ...
51 46
20 42
57 10
22 52
10 Mar. (69). .
5 Thur. . .
1
.0(13
9991
BOB
22s
4783
29 Mar. (88). .
4 Wed. . . .
7 17
•2 55
12 42
5 5
->s Feb. (59)..
3 Tues. . . .
217
.(!.-) 1
205
694
199
VJ84
29 Mar. (88)..
5 Thur. . .
22 49
9 7
28 13
11 17
19 Mar. (78)..
2 Mon....
279
.887
240
628
251
28 Mar. (88) . .
(i Fri
38 20
15 20
43 45
17 30
7 Mar. (67). .
(i Fri
278
.834
115
475
22(1
4786
28 Mar. (87)..
0 Sat
53 51
21 32
59 16
23 12
25 Mar. (84)..
4 Wed....
50
.150
9811
178
Mt
4787
29 Mar. (88)..
2 Mon
9 22
3 15
14 48
5 55
15 Mar. (74)..
2 Mon....
108
.918
26
259
240
4788
29 Mar. (88)..
3 Tues. . . .
it 51
'.1 57
30 19
12 S
4 Mar. (68). .
6 Fri
130
.390
9901
Kill
ill)
4789
28 Mai-. (88). .
4 Wed....
40 25
16 10
45 5 1
18 20
22 Mar. (82)..
5 Thur...
113
.339
9936
a
261
28 Mar. (87)..
5 Thur. . .
55 56
22 22
fl 22
fO 33
12 Mar. (71). .
3 Tues....
M8
.678
150
925
233
47'J1
29 Mar. (88)..
0 Sat
11 27
4 35
16 54
fi 4fi
1 Mar. (60)..
0 Sat
31
.093
26
773
202
4792
29 Mar. (88). .
1 Sun. . . .
26 59
10 47
32 25
1 2 5S
20 Mar. (79) . .
6 Fri.. .
66
.198
61
708
253
t7«3
28 Mar. (88)..
2 Mon....
42 30
17 0
17 .17
19 11
Mar. (68)..
3 Tues....
28
.084
9936
IM
222
4794
28 Mar. (87)..
3 Tues....
58 1
23 12
f3 2S
tl 23
27 Mar. (86)..
•i Mon
118
.354
9971
4'.I2
274
4795
29 Mar. (88). .
5 Thnr. . .
13 32
5 25
19 0
7 36
16 Mar. (75)..
fi Fri
105
. 3 1 5
9847
839
Ml
4796
29 Mar. (88)..
6 Fri
29 4
11 37
34 31
13 49
5 Mar. (64)..
3 Tues. . . .
0-«
—.018
9723
186
212
4797
28 Mar. (88). .
0 Sat
44 35
17 50
50 3
20 1
23 Mar. (83). .
2 Mon
0 — «
—.018
9757
122
2fi3
4798
29 Mar. (88)..
2 Mon....
0 6
0 2
5 34
2 14
13 Mar. (72)..
0 Sat
117
.351
9972
8
235
4799
29 Mar. (88)..
3 Tues....
15 37
(1 1 5
21 6
8 26
3 Mar. (62)..
5 Thur. . .
237
.711
186
889
207
4800
29 Mar. (88)..
4 Wed....
31 9
12 27
36 38
14 39
22 Mar. (81)..
4 Wed....
236
.70*
221
825
2M
4801
28 Mar. (88)..
5 Thur...
46 40
18 40
52 9
20 52
10 Mar. (70)..
1 Sun
112
.336
96
672
228
4802
29 Mar. (88)..
0 Sat ...
2 11
0 52
7 tl
3 4
29 Mar. (88)..
0 Sat
183
. 5 W
131
608
279
4803
29 Mar. (88)..
1 Sun
17 42
7 5
23 12
9 17
18 Mar. (77)..
4 Wed. . . .
186
.558
7
248
4804
29 Mar. (88)..
:> Mon... .
33 14
13 17
38 44
1 5 ill
7 Mar. (<>«)..
1 Sun
155
.465
9882
303
217
iv r,
28 Mar. (88)..
3 Tues
48 45
19 30
54 1 5
21 42
25 Mar. (85). .
0 Sat
197
.591
9917
239
269
;so(i
29 Mar. (88)..
5 Thur. . .
4 IB
1 42
9 47
3 55
14 Mar. (78)..
4 Wed. . .
5
.01:,
9793
86
1807
29 Mar. (88)..
6 Fri
19 47
7 55
25 18
10 7
4 Mar. (63). .
2 Mon
122
.868
7
!Mi'.t
210
4808
29 Mar. (88). .
0 Sat
35 19
14 7
40 50
16 20
23 Mar. (82)..
1 Sun
103
.309
42
905
261
1808
28 Mar. (88)..
1 Sun
50 50
20 20
56 21
t-i 32
12 Mar. (72)..
6 Fri
260
.780
256
789
233
4810
29 Mar. (88)..
3 Tues....
6 21
~ •'*'
11 53
4 45
1 Mar. (60)..
3 Tues. . .
169
.507
132
636
202
4811
Sec footnote p. liii above.
© See Teit, Art. 101 above, para. 2.
xc
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
iMiiation-piirtx = 10.000M* of n circle. A titlii = ',:i«M of the moon's synodic revolution.
I CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS
Kali.
Saka.
Cbiitridi.
Vikrama
-
1
>»
Jsi
o a
Sd5
^5
03
H
Kollam.
A. I).
SamvaUara.
True.
Lnui-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cvrlr
(Northern)
current
at Mcsha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
o S-
It
jt
'M
'£
IS
It
^3
£
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
4812
4818
4814
48 1 5
1816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
MM
4831
1 s32
4888
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
1848
1633
1634
1635
l«3fi
1637
1638
1639
1610
1641
1642
1643
1644
Hi4r,
164(i
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1(156
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1770
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
112!)
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
11 14
1145
1146
1147
1148
885- 86
886- 87
887- 88
888- 89
889- 90
890- 91
891- 92
892- 93
893- 94
894- 95
895- 96
896- 97
897- 98
898- 99
899-900
900- 1
901- 2
902- 3
903- 4
904- 5
905- 6
906- 7
907- 8
908- 9
909- 10
910- 11
911- 12
912- 13
913- 14
914- 15
915- 16
916- 17
1710-11
1711-12
•1712-13
1713-14
1714-15
1715-16
•1716-17
1717-18
1718-19
1719-20
•1720-21
1721-22
1722-23
1723-24
*1724-25
1725-26
1726-27
1727-28
*1728-29
1729-30
1730-31
1731-32
•1732-33
1733-34
1734-35
1735-36
*1736-37
1737-38
1738-39
1739-40
* 1740-41
1741-42
34 S'lrvari
35 Plava
6 Bhadrapada..
9654
28.962
200
0.600
36 Subhakrit
28 Java
38 Krodhin
39 Visvavasu. . . .
4 Ashadha
9900
29.700
283
0.849
29 Manmatha
30 Durmukha . . .
31 Hemalamba. . .
32 Vilamba
41 Plavaiiga ... .
3 Jyeshtlia
9695
29.085
457
1.371
42 Kilata
33 Vikarin
9733
29.199
128
0.384
34 Sarvari
14 Sadhfivana
35 Plava
45 Virodhakrit
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana
38 Krodhin
39 Visvavasu
40 Parabhava.. . .
41 Plavaiiga
42 Kilaka
46 Paridhavin . . .
5 Sravai.ia
9759
29.277
328
0 . 984
49 Rakshasa
3 Jyeshtha ....
9224
27.672
4
0.012
52 Kalaynkta
53 Siddharthin
2 Vaisakha....
9881
29.643
280
0 84(1
43 Sanmya
44 Sadhlrana
45 Yirodhakrit.. .
46 Paridhavin . . .
47 Pramadin ....
54 Raudra
6 Bhfidrapada..
9796
29.388
252
0.7M
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktiiksha
4 Askaclha ....
9552
28.656
381
1.143
49 Rakshasa . .
50 Anala . . .
60 Kshaya
3 Jyeshtlia
9763
29.289
458
1.374
52 Kalayukta ....
53 Siddharthin. . .
2 Vibhava
3 Sukla
7 Asvina
9754
29.262
96
0.288
55 Durmati
5 Prajupati
"> Sruvaoa
9892
29.676
523
1.569
'.">) n ~
Till: HI\nU CA1.EXDAR.
TABLE I.
n from ata, ' <• m >«//'.« ////•«,
III. COMMKNCKMF.NT (IF TI1K
Solai'
I.nni-Solar year. (.Civil day of Cliaitra SuVla l«t.)
\l Sunn •
(Time of the Mesha saukranti.)
meridian of I'jjain.
Hay
1 lay
Aue.
Knli.
anil Month
By the Arya
lly the Si'irja
and Mi, nth
\\cck
dav
"O
•? "^
A. II.
Siddhanta.
Sidilha'nta.
A. 1).
" . •
t
it
a.
b.
c.
day .
Gli. I'M.
H. M.
fih. 1'a.
11. M.
II
£•%
13
14
15
17
IBs
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
1
Mar (88)..
4 Wed....
., j - .,
8 45
27 24
10 58
20 Mar. (79)..
2 Mon... .
.732
166
572
254
4812
29 Mar. (88)..
5 Thur. . .
37 21
I I 57
12 5C,
17 10
11 Mar. (68)..
C, Fri
.751
42
419
223
1811
28 Mar. (88).
(i Fri
52 55
21 10
5s 27
23 23
-', Mar.
5 Thur. . .
327
,9sl
77
27 1
IM 1
Mar (88)..
1 Sun. . . .
s 2C,
3 22
1C Mar. • .
2 Mon....
.678
9952
203
Mar (88). .
2 Mon
23 57
9 35
211 30
11 4S
5 Mar. ((Hi. .
0 Fri
14
.042
9S2s
50
212
4816
Mar. (88). .
3 Tin
39 29
15 17
15 2
is 1
Mar. (S3)..
5 Thur. . .
0-1"
- .1131
9SI13
2C,1
1S17
Mar (88)..
1 Wed....
55 0
22 II
t<l 33
to 13
13 Mar. (73)..
3 Tu.
114
.342
77
SC,1
231
4818
29 Mar. s-
(i Fri
1(1 31
4 12
10 5
li 26
3 Mar. >
1 Sun ....
294
.882
292
755
•'07
IS 19
211 Mar. (88). .
0 Sat
20 2
1(1 25
31 36
12 3S
21 Mar. (80). .
6 Fri
13
.1131
.19*7
652
*•" ,
25C
4820
1 Sun ....
41 34
Ki 37
47 8
IS 51
11 Mar. '(70)..
1 Wed....
311
.933
202
53(1
22S
1821
Mar 88) .
2 Mou....
57 5
22 50
f2 39
fl 4
2S Mar. (88)..
2 Mon....
91
2S2
me
27H
4822
29 Mar. (88)..
I Wed....
12 3li
5 2
18 11
7 16
17 Mar. fjfl)..
li Fri
51
.153
9774
2.S3
2ir
tK23
Mar. 188). .
5 Thur. .
28 7
11 15
33 43
13 29
7 Mar. (66)..
4 Wed....
250
75(
.Ills',
IliC,
218
1H21
29 Mar.
C, Fri
43 39
17 27
49 1 1
111 12
26 Mar. (85)..
3 Tues... .
247
.741
23
1(12
269
1S25
•.'s Mar
0 Sat
59 10
23 KI
t4 41,
•;• i :, i
14 Mar. (74)..
0 Sat
0-7
—.Ml
9898
949
238
is-r,
Mar. (88)..
2 Mon....
H 41
5 52
20 17
s 7
4 Mar. (63)..
5 Thur...
133
.399
113
838
1827
:.".) Mar. (88). .
3 Tncs... .
30 12
12 5
35 19
14 19
23 Mar. (82)..
4 \Ved....
148
.444
147
769
261
is2s
Mar (88)..
4 Wed....
45 4 1
is 17
51 20
20 32
12 Mar. (71)..
1 Sun
69
.207
23
616
1S29
Mar. (89). .
i
1 15
0 30
6 52
2 45
29 >'eb. (60)..
5 Thur...
74
.222
9899
1(13
200
1880
Mar. (88). .
1) Sat
ic> MI
(i 42
22 23
s 57
19 Mar. (78). .
4 \\-ea
158
.474
399
251
tS3l
29 Mar. (88)..
1 Sim
32 17
12 55
37 55
15 10
8 Mar. (67)..
1 Suu
90
.270
)S09
247
220
tS32
2 M.m... .
47 49
19 7
53 26
21 22
27 Mar. (86)..
II Sat
112
.336
9844
183
272
1K33
211 Mar. (89)..
1 \Ved... .
3 2d
1 2(1
8 :,s
3 35
1C, Mar. (76)..
5 Thur. . .
.765
58
66
4834
29 Mar. (88)..
5 Thur. . .
is 51
7 32
2 1 29
11 is
5 Mar. (64)..
2 Mon... .
3
009
193 I.
913
-
34 22
13 45
K) 1
Hi 0
21 Mar. (83)..
1 Sim
0-i
-.on
Hill*
849
264
4836
29 Mar. (88)..
(1 Sal
111 5 1
1!) 57
55 32
22 13
14 Mar. (73). .
6 Fri
184
183
733
236
(s37
29 Mar. (89)..
2 Mon
5 25
2 10
II 1
4 26
2 Mar. (62)..
3 Tues....
134
402
59
580
4838
Mar. 188)..
3 Tues....
2(1 5li
s 22
2(1 35
10 38
21 Mar. (80)..
2 Mou
219
657
93
1.S39
4 Wed....
3(i 27
1 1 35
42 7
16 51
10 Mai". (69)..
li Fri
645
19(19
363
225
4840
29 Mar. (88)..
5 Thur. . .
5 1 511
2(1 17
57 3S
23 3
29 Mar. (88)..
5 Thnr. . .
277
831
3
299
277
4841
Mar. (89)..
0 Sat
7 30
3 0
13 10
5 1C,
17 Mar. (77)..
2 Mon....
130
390
9879
146
246
-
•.".I Mar. (88)..
1 Suu
23 1
9 12
28 41
11 28
7 Mar. (66). .
0 Sat
260
93
80
-
•| Srr footnote |i. liii above. 0 Sec Text. Art. llll almvc. para. 2.
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
Lunation-parts — 10,OOOMs of a circle. A tithi = 'jaotA of tlie moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
II. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitradi.
Vikrama.
C3
|
11
O fl
S.-3
1
7,
Kollani.
A. 1).
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankr&nti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
saukranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
eipressed in
H ^
o Ci-
11
II
^3
p
|S
§5
= s
^ P.
M5
',£
s
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4844
4845
4846
4847
1848
4S HI
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4S5fi
4857
4868
4859
48M
1861
1861
1868
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
1665
1666
1667
1668
1660
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1 ii.7fi
ljB77
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1S23
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1149
115(1
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
917-18
918-19
919-20
920-21
921-22
922-23
923-24
924-25
925-26
926-27
927-28
928-29
929-30
930-31
931-32
932-33
933-34
934-35
935-36
936-37
937-38
938-39
939-40
940-41
941-42
942-43
943-44
944-45
945-46
946-47
947-48
948-49
1742-43
1743-44
* 1744-45
1745-46
1746-47
1747-48
» 1748-49
1749-50
1750-51
1751-52
•1752-53
1753-54
1754-55
1755-56
•1756-57
1757-58
1758-59
1759-60
•1760-61
1761-62
1762-63
1763-64
•1764-65
1765-66
1766-67
1767-68
•1768-69
1769-70
1770-71
1771-72
•1772-73
1773-74
56 Dundubhi ....
57 Kudhirorlgarin
58 Raktaksha
59 Krodhana ....
60 Kshaya
6 Angiras
7 Srimukha ....
8 Bhava. .
4 Ashadha
9960
29.907
839
2.517
9 Yuvau
10 Dhatri
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhava
3 Sukla
1 1 Isvara
1 2 Bahudhanya . .
1 Chaitra
9837
29.511
73
0.219
13 Pramathin... .
14 Vikrama. . . . .
6 Bhadrapada..
9993
29.979
404
1.212
4 Pramoda
5 Prajilpati
15 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhanu..
17 Subhauu
4 Ashadha
9509
28.527
385
1.155
7 Srimukha ....
8 Bhava
18 Tflrana
9 Yuvan
10 Dhatri
19 Parthiva
20 Vyaya
3 Jyeshtha
9930
29.790
509
1 . :>•>!
1 1 Isvara
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadharin . .
7 Asvini
9878
29.634
143
0.429
12 Bahudhanya . .
13 Pramathin. . . .
14 Vikrama . . .
23 Virodhin...
24 Vikrita
25 Khara
5 Sruvana
9924
29.772
657
1.071
15 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhanu..
17 Subhanu
26 Nandaua . . .
27 Vijaya
3 Jyeshtha ....
9398
28.194
5
0.015
18 Tarana
28 Jaya
19 Parthiva
20 Vyaya
29 Manmatha.. . .
30 Durmukha . . .
31 Ilemalamba.. .
1 Chaitra
9880
29.640
194
0.582
21 Sarvajit
22 Sarvadharin . .
23 Virodhin
32 Vilamba. . .
0435
28.305
158
0.4/4
33 Vikarin
24 Vikrita
34 Sarvarin
25 Khara
35 Plaval)
37 Sobhana
4 AshMha
9779
29.337
342
1.026
26 Nandana
27 Vijaya
38 Krodhin
'j Siilihakrit, No. 36, was suppressed in the north.
Till: lll.\ni CM.I.MIAR.
TABLE 1.
''.'>) ii ~ IHitiiinr of , -Miily. (Cut. 2."j i c ,,mli/.
III. mMMKM'KMKNT OF T1IK
Solar year.
I.uni-S,,lar \car. (Civil day of ( 'haitr* Sukla 1st.)
kali.
ami Month
A. 1).
(Time of the Mi-sliii sankrflnti.)
Hay
anil Mouth
A. 1).
Wad
ll.'H .
At Hllnns'. CNB
meridian of UJJaln.
M -
&
6.
c.
day.
By the Arya
Siddhanta.
H\ thr Sfirja
Si.ldhanta.
cC
it
5 5°
S"t
11
£.s
.
Oh. I'M.
II. M.
Oh. I'a.
II. M.
13
14
16
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
29 Mar
2 Mon ...
3S 32
15 25
44 13
17 41
26 Mar. (85)..
0 Kri
888
.714
128
2C,9
1S(I
29 Mar.
3 TII
51 1
21 37
59 15
23 5 1.
15 Mar. (74)..
3 Tiics. . . .
15
.045
4
813
l-i:,
Mar. (89). .
Mar (88). .
Mar. (88)..
29 M;ir (88). .
29 Mar. (S9i
Mar (88)..
5 Thur...
6 Fri
9 35
25 6
•in :;;
:,r, ii
11 40
27 11
10 2
If) 15
22 27
1 40
II) :,'2
1 5 1 li
30 is
10 19
•;- 1 5 1
17 22
32 54
fi 6
12 19
is Hi
tO 44
o 57
13 9
4 Mar. (64)..
23 Mar.
12 Mar. (71)..
1 Mar. (60)..
19 Mar. (79)..
8 Mar. (67). .
1 Sun
II Sat
1 Wed....
1 Sun
II Sal
290
287
271
811
146
.057
.489
t
39
697
033
1M
327
203
110
2K
MS
23 1
2110
251
220
1846
1847
L84i
1848
IBM
1861
0 Sat
1 Snu. . . .
3 Tue>. . . .
4 Wed....
I Wed....
29 Mar.
29 Mar. («8). .
5 Thur. . .
ti Kri
12 42
5K 14
13 45
17
23 17
5 3(1
is 25
f3 57
I'.l 2s
I'.l -2-2
fl 35
7 47
27 Mar. (SOi ..
17 Mar. (76)..
Mar. (65). .
3 Tues ...
1 Suu. . . .
5 Thur...
12»
211
•13
.887
. 732
. 129
'.I'.l I'.l
164
88
46
930
777
272
2tt
213
1 -
1868
1814
1 Sim
9 April (99) X
•2 M.m....
29 1 6
11 42
•.;:, n
1 1 U
4 April (94) X
1 Wed... .
78
. 234
71
713
IS 55
'.i April (99)..
:i 'I'm-. . . .
It 17
17 51
50 31
211 13
24 Mar. (88)..
1 Sun
3-
114
9950
560
233
1866
in April (100).
5 Thur. . .
II I'.l
n 7
8 3
2 25
18 Mar.
5 Thur.. .
45
.135
'.is 2 5
407
9 April (100).
(i Fri
15 5(1
<; 211
2 1 3 I
s 3s
31 Mar. (91)..
4 Wed....
117
.351
9860
!
9 April (99). .
'.) April (99)..
10 April (100).
0 Sat
1 Suu
3 Tues. . . .
31 21
46 52
2 21.
12 32
IS 15
o :.7
37 <!
52 37
S '.1
14 50
21 3
3 10
20 Mar. (7'.»i..
8 April (98)..
1 Sim
0 Sat
7
10
184
02 1
.030
.102
9736
9770
9985
190
126
10
828
m
246
&
I860
l-n|
5 Thur...
9 April (100).
4 Wed....
1? 55
7 10
23 40
9 28
18 Mar.
3 Tnes....
252
.756
199
893
218
186£
9 April (99)..
9 April (99). .
10 April (100).
r, Thur...
i; Fri
33 20
48 57
4 29
13 22
19 35
1 17
39 12
54 13
10 15
15 41
21 53
4 6
6 April (96)..
20 Mar. (85). .
15 Mar. (71). .
2 Mon... .
6 Fri
3 Tucs....
251
123
li
.753
.309
.018
234
109
.l'.IS5
8M
677
524
269
239
21 is
1868
4864
4865
1 Sun
'.I April (100).
•2 MOIL...
20 0
8 0
25 47
10 19
2 April (93) .
2 Mon....
195
.585
20
460
259
4SOO
9 April (99)..
3 Tue<. . . .
U 12
41 18
10 31
22 Mar.
6 Fri
167
.501
MM
307
888
- :
9 April (99)..
10 April (100).
9 April (100).
1 Wed....
i; Kri
51 2
6 34
22 5
20 25
2 37
S 50
50 50
12 21
27 53
22 43
4 56
11 9
11 Mar. (70)..
30 Mar. (89)..
19 Mar. (79)..
3 Tue«. . . .
2 Mon. . . .
0 Sat
29
21
I3S
.087
.063
.414
9771
.!M>0
20
154
M
974
r.i7
2 I'.l
221
4868
4869
1870
0 Sat
9 April (99). .
1 Sun
37 30
15 2
43 21
17 22
7 April (97)..
0 Kri
120
.360
55
910
272
JS71
9 April (99)..
2 Mon. . . .
53 7
21 15
58 56
23 34
28 Mar. (87)..
4 Wed....
274
269
793
1871
10 April (100).
4 Wed....
s :s'.i
3 27
U 27
5 17
17 Mar. (70i. .
1 Sun
179
.537
145
oto
213
1871
'.1 April (100).
5 Thnr. . .
24 10
9 40
211 .V.I
11 59
4 April (95)..
0 Sat
255
.765
180
576
264
1874
'.' April (99). .
i! Kri
3!l 11
15 52
45 3(1
18 12
24 Mar. (83)..
1 Wed....
260
.780
55
424
1876
Sir footnote p. liii above.
X Kroin here (inclusive) forward the dad
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
= lO.OOOMs of a circle. A tithi = ^lotA of the moon's synodic revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Suka.
•5 «
P
g
>.
11
0 B
£•»
3
1
5
Kolliiin.
A. U.
Samvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
eipressed in
-a:S
0>
13 C?
O O'
If
^ P.
12
H
B C?
rt 09
2 T.
= a
h^ &.
'M
£
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
8
10
11
12
4876
4877
W78
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884
issr,
4886
4887
1888
ISS'J
4S'J(
4891
4892
4893
4894
4895
tv.lt
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4902
4903
4904
4905
4906
too;
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
170;.'
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
184(
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1K61
1S62
1863
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
949-50
950-51
DB1-6S
952-53
953-54
954-55
955-56
956-57
957-58
958-59
959-60
960-61
961-62
962-63
963-64
964-65
965-66
966-67
967-68
968-69
1)09-70
970-71
971-72
972-73
973-74
974-75
975-76
976-77
977-78
978-79
979-80
980-81
1774- 75
1775- 76
»1776- 77
1777- 78
1778- 79
1779- 80
*1780- 81
1781- 82
1782- 83
1783- 84
*1784- 85
1785- 86
1786- 87
1787- 88
•1788- 89
1789- 90
1790- 91
1791- 92
*1792- 93
1793- 94
1794- 95
1795- 96
•1796- 97
1797- 98
1798- 99
1799-800
1800$- 1
1801- 2
1802- 3
1803- 4
•1804- 5
1805- 6
28 Jaya
39 Visvfivaau ....
40 Parabhava.
2 Vaisakha....
9696
29.088
124
0.372
29 Manmatha. . . .
30 Dnrmukha. . . .
31 Hemalamba. . .
32 Vilamba
41 Plavai'iga .
6 BhAdrapada . .
9612
28.836
67
0.201
42 Kilaka.
43 Saumya .
33 Vikarin
44 Sadharana.. . .
45 Virodhakrit.
5 Sravana
9972
29.916
690
2.070
34 Sarvari
35 Plava
46 Paridhavin
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana
47 Pramadin ....
48 Ananda
3 Jj eshtha ....
9593
28.779
142
0.426
38 Krodhin
49 Rakshasa
39 Visvuvasu ....
9855
29.565
217
0.651
40 Parabhava
41 Plavaiiga
42 Kilaka
51 Piiigala
52 Kftlayukta....
53 Siddharthin. . .
5 iSravana
9433
28.299
221
0.688
43 Sauniya
54 Raudra .
44 Sadliaraiia
45 Virodhakrit...
46 Paridhavin . . .
47 PramAdin ....
48 Ananda
49 Rakshasa ... .
55 Durmati
56 Dundublii ....
4 Ashatlha ....
9650
28.950
344
1.032
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha. . .
59 Krodliaua
2 Vaisakha.. ..
9751
29.253
268
0.804
60 Kshaya
6 Bhadrapada..
9743
29.229
244
0.732
50 Anala
1 Prabhava
51 Pingala
2 Vibhava
52 Kalayukta . . . .
53 Siddharthin...
54 Raiidra
3 Sukla.
9866
29.598
654
1.962
4 Pramoda
5 Prajapati
6 Angiras
7 Srimukha
3 Jyeshtha
9760
29.280
233
0.699
56 DundubM
57 Rudhirodgarin
58 Raktaksha
59 Krodhana
8 Bhava
9 Yuvan . . .
1 Chaitra
9228
27.684
178
0.534
10 Dhatri
The year 1800 was not a leap-year.
THE HINDU CALENDAR.
TAHLK I.
(Col. 23) a •=. l>i ••HMU from MM. (Col. 24) b — moon's mean nu V. 25) <• zz .»*«
111. COMMENCEMENT OF TI1K
0 Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day of Chaitra Sultla 1st.)
At Sunri-
meridian of UJjaln
(Time of the Mesha lankrfuiti )
Moon'-
Dq
Dq
\\ 1
Airi-.
Kali.
anil Minith
By the Arya
By the Surya
:IIM| Month
\\ Ml
to.
ft ,—
r i
A. It
Week
day.
Sicldhanta.
Siddhanta.
A. 1).
.
ii
ii
:-. -
a.
b.
e.
Gh. Pa.
H. M.
Gh. Pa.
11. M
J*9
" *3
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
1
0 April (99) . .
0 Sat
55 12
22 5
fl 2
tO 25
13 Mar. (72).
1 Sun
213
.639
9931
271
203
ls70
10 April (100).
'2 Mnn. ...
10 44
4 17
! (i 33
6 37
1 April (91). .
0 Sat
241
.723
9966
207
25 I
4877
9 April (100).
3 Tues. . . .
26 15
10 30
32 5
12 50
20 Mar. (80)..
4 \\ «!....
M
.087
9841
54
223
!S7s
U April (99)..
4 Wed....
41 46
16 42
47 36
19 3
8 April (98)..
3 Toes . . .
8
.024
ys7o
990
1879
9 April (99). .
5 Thur...
57 17
22 55
f3 h
tl 15
-.".I Mar. (88)..
1 Sun
Kill
.390
90
874
2 10
Lggg
10 April (100).
0 Sat
12 49
5 7
18 39
7 28
19 Mar.
0 Fri
300
.918
305
4881
'.) April (100).
1 Sun
28 20
11 20
34 11
13 40
5 April (96)..
4 Wed....
24
.072
1
657
267
iss2
9 April (99)..
2 Mon... .
43 51
17 32
49 42
19 53
25 Mar.
1 Sun
12
.036
iis7c,
r,i 1 i
230
!-'-
9 April (99). .
3 Tues....
59 22
23 45
f5 14
t2 6
14 Mar. (73)..
5 Thur. . .
B
.024
9752
351
Ml
|SS|
10 April (100).
5 Thur. . .
14 54
:, 57
20 45
8 18
2 April (92)..
4 Wed....
03
.189
9787
287
Btfl
M
It April (100).
6 Fri
30 25
12 10
36 17
14 31
22 Mar. (82). .
J Mon
264
.792
1
171
;--.'.
'.I April (99). .
0 Sat
45 56
is 22
51 49
20 43
1 1 Mar. (70)..
6 Fri
36
.108
9877
18
198
10 April (100).
2 Moil
1 27
0 35
7 20
2 50
30 Mar. (89)..
5 Thnr . . .
11
.033
9911
954
249
4888
10 April (100).
3 Tues. . . .
1 r> 5i)
6 47
22 52
9 9
20 Mar. (79). .
3 Tues....
148
III
120
837
221
4889
9 April (100).
1. Wed....
32 3(1
13 0
38 23
15 21
7 April (98). .
2 J*Ion. . . .
163
. IS'.)
161
773
272
4890
•J April (!
."> Thur. . .
•is 1
19 12
53 55
21 34
27 Mar. (86)..
6 Fri
79
.237
36
621
241
tsm
10 April (100).
0 Sat
3 32
1 25
9 26
3 46
16 Mar. (75)..
3 Tues....
82
.246
9912
468
211
1S1I2
10 April (100).
1 Sim
19 4
7 37
2 1. 5S
9 59
4 April (94)..
2 Mou....
167
.501
9947
404
262
1898
9 April (100).
2 Mon
34 35
13 50
4(1 21)
16 12
23 Mar. (88)..
6 Fri
102
.306
9822
251
231
!-:ii
F \ "/
It \pril (99)..
3 Tucs....
50 6
20 2
56 1
22 24
13 Mar. (72)..
4 Wed....
284
.852
37
134
203
4895
10 April (100).
5 Thur...
r, 37
2 15
11 32
4 37
1 April (91)..
3 Tin
271
.h!3
71
70
MM
tslto
10 April (100).
(i Fri. . . .
21 9
8 27
27 4
10 49
21 Mar. (80)..
0 Sat
19
.057
'.)'.) 17
918
223
is'.i7
9 April (100),
0 Sut
30 40
14 40
•12 35
17 2
8 April (99)..
6 Fri
12
.036
1)1)S2
854
275
4898
It April (99)..
1 Sun
52 11
20 52
58 7
23 15
2!) Mar. <88). .
4 Wed....
1%
.588
196
737
247
4899
10 April (100).
3 Tucs....
7 42
3 5
13 38
5 27
18 Mar. (77)..
1 Sun
142
.426
72
584
216
4900
10 April (100).
4 Wed....
23 14
9 17
29 10
11 40
6 April (96). .
0 Sat
2*8
.684
106
520
267
4901
10 April (100).
5 Thur...
38 45
15 30
44 41
17 53
26 Mar. (85)..
4 Wed....
225
.675
9982
368
236
11)02
10 April (100).
fi Fri
54 16
21 42
fO 13
tO 5
15 Mar. (74)..
1 Sun
137
.411
9858
-Mr,
205
11)03
11 April (101).
1 Sun
9 47
3 55
1 :, 1 1
6 18
3 April
0 Sat
i M;
.438
151
Ml
mot
11 April (101).
2 MOIL...
10 7
31 16
12 3(1
24 Mar. (83). .
5 Thur.. .
277
.831
107
M
»M
11)05
10 April (101).
3 Tucs. . . ,
40 50
16 20
41; 17
18 43
12 Mar. fl
•> Mon....
80
.0110
9982
ins
I'.HIO
10 April (100).
4 Wed.., .
Mi -2 1
22 32
|2 19
-;-o 55
31 Mar. (90)..
I Sun
29
.087
17
•j tit
4907
footnote p. liii above.
M \1
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
•=. 10,OOOMs of a i-irele. A litfii = VauM of lite moon'." ,y/,W<V revolution.
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Saka.
Chaitradi.
Vikrama.
Is,
o a
1
s
Kollam.
A. 1).
Samvatnn.
True. f
Lunl-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
o ii*
It
1
J|
(fl
1
2
3
3a
4 5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1008
4009
49 Id
4911
401!
4913
4914
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4826
4927
4928
4929
4930
4931
4932
4933
4934
4935
Mill
4937
4938
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
17 Hi
1717
1749
1780
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
175s
1759
1864
1865
1867
1868
1 S69
1871
1871
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
981- 82
982- S3
983- 84
984-
985- 86
986- 87
987- 88
9s>>- 89
989- 90
990- 91
991- 92
992- 93
993- 94
991- 95
995- 96
!)9(i- 97
997- 98
998- 99
999-1000
1000- 1
1001- 2
1002- 3
1003- 4
1004- 5
1005- 6
1006- 7
1007- 8
1008- 9
1009- 10
1010- 11
1011- 12
1S06- 7
1807- 8
"1808- 9
1809-10
1810-11
1811-12
"1812-13
1813-14
1814-15
1815-16
"1816-17
1817-18
1818-19
1819-20
"1820-21
1821-22
1822-23
1823-24
"1824-25
1825-26
1826-27
1827-28
"1828-29
1829-30
1830-31
1831-32
"1832-33
1833-34
1834-35
1835-36
"1836-37
60 Kshaya
1 Prabhava
11 Isvara
1° B'llmdhanya
9398
28.194
205
0 615
3 Sukla . ...
14 Vikrama
15 Vrisha.
4 Ashadha ....
9799
29.397
488
1.314
16 Chitrabhami. .
17 Subhanu
18 Tarana
6 Arigiras
7 Srimukha
8 Bhava
,Va,ak,,a....
9726
29.178
308
O.SI24
19 Parthiva
'0 Vvava
6 Hhadrapada..
9748
29 . 244
336
1.008
10 Dh'itri
11 Isvara
12 Bahudhanya . .
13 Pramathiu...
•.'2 Sarvadharin . .
23 Virodhin
."> Sravaua
9926
29.778
731
2.193
24 Vikrita
25 Khara
3 ,\\ eshtha
9838
29.514
501
1 . 503
15 Vrisha
26 Nandaua
16 Chitrabhanu. .
17 Subhanu
27 Vijaya |
28 Java
7 Asvina
9848
74
9870
29.544
0.222
29 610
127
9918
161
0.381}
29.784J
0.488
10 Paiaha(Kih.)
1 Chaitra
18 Tarana.
29 Maumatha. . .
19 Parthiva
20 Vyava
30 Durmukha. . . .
5 Sravana
9427
28.281
166
0.498
22 Sarvadharin . .
23 Virodhin..
33 Vikarin
4 Aslmdha
9984
29.952
615
1.848
34 Sarvari
24 Vikrita
25 Khara
•2fi Nandana
27 Vijaya. . .
36 Subhakrit
37 Sobhana .
2 Vaisakba....
9653
28.959
277
0.831
38 Krodhin
39 Visvuvasu
6 Bhadrapada..
9707
29.121
335
1.008
28 Jaya
29 Manmatlia.. . .
30 Durmukha . . .
40 ParAbhava
4 Ashadha
9460
28.380
251
0.758
TV//-; IllMn CALENDAR.
V \ B I. K I.
(Cot. 23) a — JKitaure of moon j, Id//, 2" I) li ~ moon's met/, (Col. 25) r ~ «<» »<«///.
111. rOMMKXCKMKNT OK TI1K
Si)lar year.
I.uni-Solar year. (Civil Jay of Chaitra Stikla 1st.)
Kali.
Dar
anil Month
A. 1).
(Time of the Mcsha saiikrAnti.)
llaj
and M unlli
A. 1).
W,,k
(lav.
At SanrUe on
meridian uf Djjaln
kfooa'i
ALT.
a.
',.
c.
\\crk
day.
By the Arya
SiddhunU.
By the Si'irya
Siddhanta.
«C
1 ,
-1
a 7.
a —
ij
— 0
Jl
dh. IV
II. M.
Gh. Pa.
II. M
=- J2
" ^
13
14
15
17
IBs
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
10 April (101).
10 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
10 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
10 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
10 April (101).
11 April (101).
Ill April (101).
11 April (101).
10 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
10 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
10 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
10 April (101).
6 Kri
11 52
27 24
42 55
5s 2«
1 3 57
29 29
45 1)
0 31
16 2
31 34
47 5
2 36
18 7
33 3!)
49 10
4 41
20 12
35 44
51 15
6 46
22 17
37 49
53 20
8 51
24 22
39 54
55 25
10 56
26 27
41 59
:,7 3d
4 45
10 57
17 10
23 22
5 35
11 47
18 0
0 12
li 25
12 37
18 50
1 2
7 15
13 27
19 40
1 52
8 5
14 17
20 3(1
2 42
8 55
15 7
21 20
3 32
9 45
15 57
22 10
4 22
1(1 35
Hi 47
23 0
17 50
33 22
-is :,4
ft 25
19 57
35 2S
51 0
6 31
22 :(
37 34
53 6
s 37
24 9
:t'.i to
55 12
10 43
26 15
41 46
57 18
12 49
28 21
43 52
5!) 24
1 1- .Mi
30 27
45 59
fl 30
17 2
32 33
4S :,
f3 3(i
7 8
13 21
19 33
tl 46
7 59
14 II
20 24
2 3fi
S 1'.)
15 2
21 14
3 27
9 40
15 52
22 5
4 17
10 30
16 42
22 55
5 8
11 2(1
1? 33
23 HI
5 58
12 11
18 23
•i-0 3(1
i; m
13 1
19 14
•M 2(1
Mar. (80)..
9 April (99)..
2S Mar •
17 Mar. (7fi)..
5 April (W)..
14 Mar. (74). .
2 April (92).
22 Mar. (81)..
10 April (100).
21) Mar. (89)..
is Mar. (77)..
fl April (96). .
211 Mar. (85)..
15 Mar
3 April (93)..
24 Mar. (83)..
13 Mar. (72)..
31 Mar. (91)..
20 Mar. (79)..
8 April (98). .
Mar. (87)..
16 Mar.
4 April (94)..
2.', Mar. (84)..
15 Mar. (74)..
2 April (98)..
22 Mar. (81)..
10 April (100).
30 Mar. (89) . .
18 Mar.
6 Fri
239
300
296
281
331
161
2 sH
260
57
91
48
127
21
171
151
268
91
LSI
114
203
178
II
M
154
L'St
188
2114
27d
.717
.900
.843
.993
. IS3
MS
.780
.171
.273
.1 tt
let
.381
.063
.518
.453
.804
273
.405
.609
:,3t
.132
.117
4112
.852
:,r, 1
Sll
671
231
266
142
17
52
;i!)2s
142
177
u
s?
9963
1IS39
9873
'.17 !'.»
9963
9998
212
88
123
33
9909
9784
'.is 19
33
2 is
193
69
701
637
484
332
267
115
9!»S
934
?s|
717
5(1 1
412
3 is
195
7s
14
899
746
US2
in:,
312
1(10
96
•78
863
799
646
276
221
272
242
111
2(12
231
203
MM
221
27.-,
244
818
2(15
234
20fi
2:, 7
229
197
2 is
818
269
23s
207
259
230
202
254
223
271
213
I'.IOK
4909
1910
I'.UI
4912
49 1 3
4914
III 1 5
III 1 (1
4917
W18
4919
4920
1M1
mt
4923
MM
4925
III 2 7
4928
4930
4931
4932
1981
11)37
0 Sat
1 Snn. . . .
2 Mon....
4 Wed... .
5 Thur. . .
6 Fri
5 Thur...
2 Mon....
11 I'ri.
5 Thur...
2 Mon. . .
6 Fri
1 Sun. . . .
2 Mon....
3 Tues. . . .
4 Wed....
li |-'ri
3 Tucs....
2 Mon....
6 Fri
3 Tues....
2 MOD....
6 Fri .
0 Sat
1 Sun
•2 Mon
4 Wed....
5 Thur. . .
6 Fri
0 Sat .
4 Wed. . .
3 Tues....
1 Sun....
5 Thur. . .
4 Wed....
1 Sun
0 Sat .
2 Mon....
3 Tnes. . . .
4 Wed....
5 Thur...
(I Sut
1 Sun. . . .
•> Mon....
3 Tues . . .
5 Thur . . .
6 Kri
0 Sat
1 Sun
4 Wed....
1 Snn
0 Sat. . . .
5 Thur...
3 Tues....
2 Mon.. .
(1 Fri
5 Thur. ..
2 Mon....
r, IVi
See footnote p. liii above.
v \ iii
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
of a rin-li.: A tilfii =
of the mooiis si/i/oilic
I. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. AD1)EI> LUNAR MONTHS.
Kali.
Siika.
Chaitradi.
Vikrama.
_g
b
I.
fib
dl
-H
1
$
s
Kollain.
A. 1).
Samvatsara.
True.
Luiii-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sarikranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankraiiti
i-xprrsM-d in
c ^f.
'rt tn
a £
? a
*-* £*
2|
s
c ;>
o o*
"i «
& —
3i
'A
j£3
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4939
4940
4941
4942
4943
4914
1945
4946
4947
4948
4!) W
4951
4061
4952
4953
1954
4966
4966
4967
4958
4959
4960
4961
4962
4963
4964
4966
4966
49U7
4968
4969
4970
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
176!)
177H
1771
1772
1773
1774
1778
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
17S1
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
190!)
1910
1911
19U>
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1244
1215
1 241)
1247
12ts
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1250
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1012-13
1013-14
1014-15
101 5- 16
1016-17
1017-18
1018-19
1019-20
1020-21
1021-22
1022-23
1023-24
1024-25
1025-26
1026-27
1027-28
1028-29
1029-30
1030-31
1031-32
1032-33
1033-34
1034-35
1035-36
1036-37
1037-38
1038-39
1039-40
1040-41
1041-42
1042-43
1043-44
1837-38
1838-39
1839-40
*1 840-41
1841-42
1 S42-43
1848-44
* 1844-45
1845-46
1846-47
1847-48
"1848-49
1849-50
1850-51
1851-52
"1852-53
1853-54
1854-55
1855-56
"1856-57
1857-58
1858-59
1859-60
*1860-61
1861-62
1862-63
1863-64
"1864-05
1865-66
1866-67
1867-68
"1868-69
31 Hemalamba. . .
g-> Vilamba
4.) Kilaka
33 Vikariu
44 Sadharana
:i Jxeshtha. . . .
9826
29.478
581
1.743
'i4 S-lrvti'i
46 Paridhavin . . .
7 Asvina
9876
29.628
232
0.696
36 Subhakrit
38 Krodhin
49 Raksliasa
5 Sravaiia ....
9554
28.662
155
0.465
40 Parabhava
52 Kalavukta
3 Jyeslitlia
9368
28.104
98
0.294
42 Kilaka
53 Siddliarthin
44 Sadhfirana.. . .
45 Virodhakrit.. .
46 Paridhuvm . . .
47 Pramadin
."jo J_)urmati
2 Vai^aklia.. . .
9729
29.187
248
0.744
57 Kudhirodgfmn
58 Raktuksha
6 Blifidrapaila . .
9713
29.139
293
0.879
0.831
49 Rakshasa
60 Kshaya
4 Aslift'.lha ....
9612
28.836
277
1 Prabliava J)
51 Pinsala
3 Sukla
52 Kiilayiikta. . . .
53 Siddharthin.. .
4 Prainoda
3 Jjcshtha
9783
29.349
568
1.704
6 Angiras
7 Sriinuklia
7 Asvina
9845
29.535
242
0.726
55 Ihmnali ....
56 Dundublii. . . .
57 Rudhirodguriu
58 Kaktflksha.. . .
59 Krodhana ....
8 lihava
9 Yuvan
5 Sravana
9744
29.232
316
0.948
10 Dhatri.
60 Kshaya
12 Bahudliflnya . .
13 Prainathin. . . .
3 Jyeshtha
9326
27.978
111
0.333
1 Prabhava
2 Vibhava
') Vibhava, No. 2, was suppressed in the north.
Till-: IflXim CALENDAR.
TAIJLK I.
l'l mean anomaly. (Col. 25) <• = tun's mean anomtily.
Ill «)\IMK\(T.\li:\T nl TIIK
Solar year.
Luni-Solar year. (Civil day »f Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
Day
ami Month
A. 1).
(Time of the Mesha saiikrilnti.)
Day
and Month
A. 1).
Wn-k
il;i\
At s
mertdian of UJJaln.
lioon'i
Age.
a.
It.
c.
\\ n-k
clay.
H\ tin' Arya
Siddhanta.
By tin- Sun a
Siddh
P
-1
r. r
a c.
S «8
J~
'- •?
•a s.
Cj5
y
Cli. IV
11 M.
(Hi. IV
11. M.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
11 April (101)
:! Tues....
13 1
:> 12
19 8
7 311
6 April (M). .
5 Thar. . .
255
.765
ll'.»71
212
4939
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
10 April (101).
11 April (101).
4 Wed....
."> Thur. . .
(i Fri
1 Sun
28 32
44 4
59 35
15 6
11 25
17 37
23 50
6 2
34 89
50 11
to 42
21 14
13 52
20 4
t2 17
8 29
211 Mar (85)..
16 Mar. (75). .
3 April (94)..
21 Mar.
i. .n....
0 Sat
46
161
147
818
.138
.483
.441
.'.I:-,.
0811
69
104
318
59
942
878
761
23:
256
228
1040
4941
41(42
4943
6 Fri
t \Ved....
11 April (101).
2 Mou....
80 37
12 15
86 45
14 42
11 April (101).
2 M»n... .
36
.108
14
661
277
4944
11 April (101).
3 Tues. . . .
46 9
18 27
52 17
20 55
31 Mar. (90)..
6 Fri
23
Ml
9890
508
246
nit:,
11 April (102).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
5 Thur. . .
6 Fri .
1 -JO
17 11
32 42
48 14
0 40
6 52
13 5
19 17
7 48
38 51
54 23
3 7
9 20
1 :, 33
21 45
19 Mar. (79)..
7 April (97)..
28 Mar. (87)..
17 Mar. (76). .
3 Tues....
2 Mon....
0 Sat . . .
16
75
279
52
.O4.s
.22'
.837
.156
976.-
'.ISIII
14
'.IS'.II
356
292
175
22
215
266
238
208
4946
4947
4948
4949
0 Sat
1 Sun
4 \\>d....
11 April (102).
8 Tues . . .
3 45
1 30
9 54
3 58
4 April (95)..
3 Tues. . . .
28
.084
9925
958
261
MM
11 April (101).
4 \\ ,'d. . . .
19 Ifi
7 43
25 26
10 10
25 Mar. (M . .
1 Sun
.486
139
231
49. •>]
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (102).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
5 Thur...
6 Fri
34 47
50 19
5 50
21 21
36 52
20 7
2 20
8 32
14 45
40 58
56 29
12 1
27 32
43 4
16 23
•2-2 36
4 48
11 1
17 13
14 Mar. \
2 April (92i.
21 Mar. (81). .
9 April (99). .
29 Mar. (88)..
5 Thur...
4 Wed. . . .
1 Sun
0 Sat
28
!M
90
177
115
084
.270
.531
.345
15
49
9925
9960
Mil
689
625
472
408
255
200
251
m
272
241
4952
4953
4954
IM(
1956
1 Hun
2 Mon....
3 Tues....
4 Wed....
11 April (101).
4 Wed....
52 24
2(1 57
58 35
23 26
19 Mar. (78)..
2 Mon. . . .
299
.897
50
139
213
4957
11 April (102).
11 April (101).
H April (101).
6 Fri
0 Sat . .
7 55
23 26
88 57
3 10
9 22
15 35
14 7
29 38
45 10
5 39
11 51
18 4
6 April (97)..
26 Mar. (85)..
16 M:.r. (78)..
1 Sun
5 Thnr. ..
3 Tues....
288
84
186
.864
. 102
568
84
>'.(6d
175
75
922
MM
264
233
205
4958
4951)
4960
1 Sun
11 April (101).
11 April (102 !.
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
2 Mon....
4 Wed....
5 Thur...
6 Fri
54 29
10 0
41 2
56 34
21 47
4 0
Id 12
16 25
22 37
tO 41
16 13
31 44
47 16
t2 47
tO 16
6 29
12 42
tl 7
4 April (94)..
23 Mar. (83)..
11 April (101).
31 Mar. (90)..
20 Mar. (79)..
2 Mon ...
6 I'Yi
209
151
239
236
14!)
.627
.453
.717
.708
447
209
85
120
I'.l'.i:,
9871
741
I8fl
525
372
219
257
226
277
246
215
4961
4962
4963
4964
1965
5 Thur. . .
2 Mon....
(i Kri
0 Sat
11 April (102).
2 Mon....
\-i :>
4 50
18 19
7 20
7 April (98). .
5 Thur...
161
483
(906
155
267
HI6I!
11 April (101)
3 Tues. . . .
27 36
11 2
33 50
13 32
(87)..
3 Tues....
294
881
120
39
23'.)
11(67
11 April (101).
4 Wed....
43 7
17 1 :,
49 22
19 45
17 Mar. (76)..
0 Sat
46
138
9996
BM
208
4968
11 April (101).
5 Thur...
58 39
23 27
tl 57
5 April (95). .
6 Fri
44
132
30
822
259
4969
11 April (102).
0 Sat
14 10
5 40
20 25
8 10
25 Mar. (85). .
4 Wcv
250
750
245
705
281
4970
', Sri' fnnf nutr p. liii
THE TNDFAN CALENDAR.
TABLE I.
f.iinnlion-pnrti = 10,000//w of a circle. A tithi r= '/soM of the moon's synodic revolution.
}. CONCURRENT YEAR.
11. ADDED LUNAR MONTHS.
1
Kali.
Saka.
aitradi.
irama.
a
I.
11
£ £
-'M
-3
3
$
g
Kollam.
A. D.
Sainvatsara.
True.
Luni-Solar
cycle.
(Southern.)
Brihaspati
cycle
(Northern)
current
at Mesha
sankranti.
Name of
month.
Time of the
preceding
sankranti
expressed in
Time of the
succeeding
sankranti
expressed in
Of*
j 3
1-2
- ^
^ S,
^5
CH
ca ^
o ii-
1-e
a 5
^ a
3
P
1
2
3
3a
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4971
4972
4973
4974
4975
4976
4977
4978
4979
4980
4981
4982
4983
4984
4985
4986
4987
4988
1989
4990
4991
4992
4993
4994
4995
4990
4997
4998
4999
5000
5001
5002
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1044-45
1045-46
1046-47
1047-48
1048-49
1049-50
1050-51
1051-52
1052-53
1053-54
1054-55
1055-56
1056-57
1057-58
1058-59
. 1059-60
1060-61
1061-62
1062-63
1063-64
1064-fio
1065-66
1066-67
1067-68
1068-69
1069-70
1070-71
1071-72
1072-73
1073-74
1074-75
1075-76
1869- 70
1870- 71
1871- 72
*1872 73
3 Sukla
4 Pramoda
1 5 Vrisha
16 Chitrabhanu. .
17 Subhanu
2 Vaisakha....
6 Bhadrapada..
9869
9796
29.607
29.388
299
297
0.897
0.891
18 Tarana
1873- 74
1874- 75
1875- 76
•1876- 77
1877- 78
1878- 79
1879- 80
*1880- 81
1881- 82
1882- 83
1883- 84
*1884- 85
1885- 86
1886- 87
1887- 88
*1888- 89
1889- 90
1890- 91
1891- 92
*1892- 93
1893- 94
1894- 95
1895- 96
*1896- 97
1897- 98
1898- 99
1899-900
1900 { 1
7 Srimukha
8 Bhava
19 Parthiva
20 Vyaya
4 Ashudha
9648
28.944
429
1.287'
9 Yuvan
10 Dhatri ....
22 Sarvadharin. . .
23 Virodhin
24 Vikrita
11 Isvara
3 Jyeshtha ....
9802
29.406
527
1.581
12 Bahudhanya . .
13 Pramathin . . .
14 Vikrama
25 Khara
26 Nandana
7 Asvina. . .
9818
29.454
194
0.582
15 Vrisha
27 Vijaya ....
16 Chitrabhanu . .
17 Subhanu
28 Java ....
9921
29.763
510
1 . 530
29 Alanmatha. . . .
18 Tirana
30 Durmukha .
19 Parthiva
20 Vyava
•31 Hemalamba...
32 Vilamba
3 Jyeshtha ....
9328
27.984
70
0.210
21 Sarvajit
33 Vikarin.
22 Sarvadharin. . .
23 Virodhin
34 Sarvari
35 Plava.
1 Chaitra
9857
29.571
62
0.186
24 Vikrita
36 Subhakrit
6 Bhadrapada..
9973
29.919
402
1.206
25 Khara
37 Sobhana
26 Nandana
38 Krodhin
27 Vijaya .
39 Visvavasu ....
40 Parabhava
4 Ashadlm
9616
28 . 848
479
1.437
28 Java
29 Manmatha
30 Durmukha . . .
31 Hemalamba.. .
32 Vilamba
33 Vikarin
4 1 Plavanga
42 Kilaka
3 Jyeshtha ....
7 Asvina
9921
9888
29.763
29.664
544
189
1.632
0.567
43 Saumya
44 Sadharana ....
45 Virodhakrit.
34 Sarvari
46 Paridhavin . . .
The year 1900 A. D. will not be a leap-year.
77/A HINDU r //./•' W-
T.\ I5U<; 1.
<r o/ moon from .IKH "it anomaly, (tot. 25) r = tun't mean anomaly.
ci
111 COMMKM KMKNT III' TIIK
Solar year.
I.uni-S.ilar ji nr. (Civil clay of Chaitra Sukla 1st.)
Kali.
1):,
Month
A. 1).
(Tim.' nf tin' Mcsha Mn'ikranti.)
Day
iin.l M<mth
A. H.
ff««k
dii\
At Bunnw on
meridian of UJJaln.
Moon'i
Age.
a.
b.
r.
\W,-k
iliiy.
By the Arya
Siddl
Hy tin- Siiryu
Siddhanta.
5
SS
fti
11
(3*3
:'--?
•Si.
^
Oh. I'a.
H .M.
Oil. I'a.
11. M.
13
14
15
17
15a
17a
10
20
21
22
23
24
26
1
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
12 April (102).
11 April (102).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
12 April (102).
11 April (102).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
12 April (102).
11 April (102).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
12 April (102).
11 April (102).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
12 April (102).
11 April (102).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
I'-' April (102).
11 April (102).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
12 April (102).
11 April (102).
11 April (101).
11 April (101).
I-' April (102).
Vpril (102).
1 Sun
2 Mon....
4 Wed....
5 Thur. . .
6 Fri
211 4i
45 12
0 44
IB 15
31 46
47 17
2 49
18 20
33 51
49 22
4 54
20 25
:r, .-,«
51 27
ii :,'.}
22 30
:is i
53 32
9 4
24 35
40 6
55 37
11 9
26 40
12 1 1
:.7 12
13 14
2S 15
44 16
59 47
15 19
30 50
1 1 :,2
is 5
(1 17
(i 30
12 42
is 58
1 7
7 20
13 32
19 45
1 r>7
8 10
14 22
-ii :s.j
2 47
9 0
15 12
21 25
3 37
9 50
1 r, 2
22 15
4 27
10 40
If, :,2
23 5
B 17
1 1 3(1
17 42
23 55
6 7
12 20
5 1 2H
7 0
22 31
:is :;
53 34
9 6
24 37
40 9
55 4(1
11 12
26 43
42 15
57 46
18 18
28 49
44 21
59 52
15 24
3(1 55
If, 27
fl 58
17 30
33 2
|,s :i;i
•( t 5
19 36
35 8
50 311
if, 1 1
21 42
87 14
1 I 23
20 35
2 48
9 0
15 13
21 2(1
3 38
9 51
16 3
22 10
4 29
10 41
If, .-H
23 7
5 19
11 32
17 44
23 57
6 9
12 22
is U5
fO 47
7 0
13 13
19 25
fl 38
7 50
14 3
20 16
f2 28
s n
1 I 53
14 Mar. (IS)..
•2 April .'.) -.',..
Mar. (HI). .
8 April (99)..
29 Mar. (88)..
19 Mar.
7 April (97)..
26 Mar. (86)..
16 Mar ,
3 April
23 Mar. (82)..
10 April i !
30 Mar. (89)..
20 Mar. (79)..
8 April (98). .
28 Mar. (88)..
17 Mar. (7«)..
5 April (95)..
25 Mar. (84), .
13 Mar.
1 April (91)..
21 Mar. (80). .
9 April (99)..
29 Mar. (89)..
10 Mar. (78)..
7 April (97)..
27 Mar,
15 Mar. (75)..
3 April (93). .
23 Mav. (82)..
11 April (101).
31 Mar. (90)..
1 Sun
0 Sat . . .
217
MM
292
7
176
*9fl
276
70
800
57
63
139
35
188
168
285
103
147
123
126
190
49
M
171
tn
304
198
194
280
235
270
62
f,5 1
.876
.021
.528
.897
.828
.21(1
.900
.171
.417
.105
.564
.50*
.855
.809
.441
.3f,'.l
.378
.570
.147
.162
.513
.897
.912
. 59 t
. 5*2
.SKI
.70.',
.810
.186
120
31
9727
9941
I:,:,
I'M
(if,
880
9976
9852
9887
9762
9977
11
liil
136
12
9887
.11122
.17 us
)Mi2
47
2H1
99t
171
47
Si
9957
IU'.I2
I8I1S
553
488
336
235
119
2
938
786
669
569
416
352
199
83
19
1)02
749
685
533
380
816
163
99
982
Kfif,
802
649
491!
432
2sii
216
63
200
221
269
241
213
264
2 3:i
I'll:,
223
274
2U
215
239
208
259
229
1 '.)'.)
250
219
270
242
214
265
235
204
255
224
276
245
497 1
4972
4973
HIT 1
4975
4976
1971
W78
4979
4980
4981
4982
49H3
4984
4985
1984
4987
U)SS
4989
4990
4991
1992
4993
4994
4995
4996
4997
199S
4999
•iddil
-,ooi
-,002
4 Wed....
2 Mon
0 Sat
0 Sat
2 Mon. . . .
3 Tues... .
1 \V«1. ...
5 Thur...
0 Sat
5 Thur...
4 Wed....
1 Sun
(i Kri .
4 Wed....
1 Son
0 Sat. . . .
1 Sun
2 Mon
3 Tucs... .
5 Thur. . .
(i Fri
0 Sat
4 Wed....
2 Mon. . .
1 Sun
(i Fri
3 Tues....
2 Mon
6 Fri .
1 Sun
3 Tucs. . . .
4 Wnl....
5 Thuv...
6 Fri . .
3 Tues....
2 Mon....
6 Fri
1 Sun
2 Mem... .
3 Turs. . . .
4 Wed....
i; Fri .
5 Thar...
3 Tucs....
1 Sun
0 Sat
4 Wed....
1 Sun ....
0 Sat
4 Wed....
3 TUBS
0 Sat
0 Sat
1 Sun
2 Mon....
4 Wed....
.1 Tlinr. . .
1'iMif Mnlc p. Ii it ;ibm r.
Till: IfTNDU CALENDAR.
TABLE II. PART I.
CORRESPONDENCE OK AMANTA AND I'l HNIMAM'A MONTHS
(See Art. 51. )
ula mouths.
Korliii'--lns.
I'urniinaTila mouths.
1 Chaitra.
"I
2 VaUakha i
:! .Jycshth:i.
I
4 Ashai.lha.
.j Sravaua .
6 Bhadrapadu
7 Asvina.
"/
8 Karttika \
!l MAr'asir-ha.. ..i
10 Pausha
11 MAgha.
I
12 PhAlfjuua.
Sukla
Krishna I
Sukla ]
Krishna
Sukla
Krishna I
Sukla \
Krishna I
Sukla \
Krishna I
Sukla \
Krishna
Sukla
Krishna I
Sukla \
Krishna
Sukla
Krishna
Sukla
K ri-liiia ....
Sukla
Krishna I
Sukla
Krishna
chaitra.
Ynisfikhn.
Aih'i'.lha.
Sravana.
Hh:i.lr:i|iaila
Asvina.
Karttika.
KArgittnb*.
Pausha.
MAgha.
Phalguna.
Chaitra.
Sukla rz Suddha and other synoiiMns.
Krishna ^ Bahula, Vadya, and other s\imu\ius.
>4
CIV
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE II. PART II.
CORRESPONDENCE OF MONTHS IN DIFFERENT ERAS.
(See Art. 103 of the Text.)
LUNI-SOLAR YEAR.
Other months covresponding to
Lunar months.
Chiitrldi.
Ashac.lhadi.
Asvinadi.
Kitrttikadi.
Sanskrit names
Tuhi iiinnc-..
Sanskrit names df months.
Solar months.
Mouths A. D.
of month*.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Kali 4179. Saka 1000.
Vikrama
Chedi
Vikrama 1134.
•
Sam vat
(Kalachuri)
A. D. 1077.
Vikrama 1135. Gupta 758.
1134.
829.
Ncvar 198.
1
Chaitra.
Paggu.
Chaitra.
Chaitra.
Chaitra.
Mina, Mesha.
Feb., March, April, .May.
2
Vaisikha.
Besa.
Vaisukha.
Vaisakha.
Vaisakha.
Mesha, Vrishabha.
March, April, May, June.
8
Jycshtha.
Kfirtelu.
Jyeshtha.
Jyeshtha.
Jyeshtha.
Vrishabha, Mithuna.
April, May, June, July.
1135.
4
Ashuilha.
Ati.
AahiVlha.
Ashfulha.
Ashailha.
Mithuna, Karka.
May, June, July, Aug.
5
Sr.-'uaim.
Soua.
Srivana.
Sruvana.
Sravtu.ia.
Karka, Siihha.
June, July, Aug., Sept.
C
BhiidrapaJa.
Nirnala
Bhadrapada.
lihiidrapada.
fihildrapaila.
Siiiiha, Kauyil
July, Aug., Sept., Oct.
830.
7
Asvina.
Bontelu.
Asvina.
Asvina.
Asvina.
Kanyu, Tula.
Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov.
1135; 199.
8
Karttika.
Jarde.
Kfirttika.
Kfirttika.
Kiirttika.
Tula, Vrischika
Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec.
1078.
9
Miirgasirsha.
Pcrfirde.
Mflrgasirsha.
MAigiranhs.
Murgasirslia.
Vrischika, Dhanus.
Oct., Nov., Dec., Jan.
10
Pausha.
Puntelu.
Pausha.
Pausha.
Pausha.
Dhanus, Makara.
Nov., Dec., Jan., Feb.
11
Magha.
Mayi.
Magha.
Magha.
Milgha.
Makara, Kumbha.
Dec., Jan., Feb., March.
12
Phaiguna.
Suggi.
Phaiguna.
Phaiguna.
Phfilguua.
Kumbha, Mina.
Jan., Feb., March, April.
N.B. i. All the years are current, and the lunar-months are amfinta.
N.B. ii. Chaitriidi = "beginning with Chaitra"; Meshadi = "beginning with Mesha" and so on.
Till: ///.\/>f CALENDAR,
TABLE II. PART II.
co K K KS I-ON i> KM i; Ol MONTHS i\ t> i r r K IM-: \ T K it A s.
thf Tffl.J
'. It \ \..\ li
monfti curl''' .'": iia
• l.ir niiiutli-
Mi-shadi.
Ka,,.,
Bengali
imiin -.
.11 iiiinii-".
Tiiillr\cilx
Smith
Main
inn.
\la!:iy;il;iin
l.iuiar
month*.
A. D
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Kali 4179. Vikrama 11 :tr,.
Saka 1000. Bengali San 484.
Tiiinevi'lly 252.
Kollam
252.
Kullam
•>:>t.
484.
A. i) 1077.
1
Mesha.
Vai>:iklia (l!iiis:Ul.
Chittirai (Sittirai).
Cllitth
Chail., Vais.
Mar., Apr., May.
2
Vrishabha
.l\cshlh:i
£i.lavam.
Ei.lavam.
Jiiislho.
Vni^., Jyesh.
Apr.,Maj,Juuc.
8
Mithiina.
Asliailh
Ani.
Anl
Miilini.
Miduuam.
Assar.
Jycsli..
May, June, July.
4
Karka.
Lban).
Ai.li.
.V.li.
Karkadakam
Karkadakam.
Saw mi.
Ashd., Srav.
June, July, Aug.
253.
"j
Siiiiha.
Ithfl.lmpmla (l!li:1.1r.i)
Anini.
Avani.
Cliii'iitam.
Chingam.
Hhadr...
Srav.,
July, A iig .Sept.
253.
485.
0
Kany'i.
Asvina (Assin).
I'ni-uHfidi
— (Puraltfiai).
Purattitdi
— (Puraltasi).
Kaimi.
Kanni.
BhaJ., As'v.
7
Tula.
Kiirltika (Karttik).
Aippasi (Arppisi,
— Appisi).
i (Arppi^i,
—Appisi).
Tulain.
Kfirtlik.
•\»v., t-
t., Nov.
8
Vrischika.
Lghito).
Kilrlti
KiU-Higai.
Vrlsc'hiksm.
Vrischikain.
Karl,, Marg.
Oct., Nir.
1078.
9
10
11
l)li:uius
Makani
Knmbha.
Pausha ' '•
Ktgha.
I'hSI-una (Falgfln).
Mirgaji.
Tai.
MAsi.
MAi-^li.
Tai.
ma.
l)li;inu.
Makaram.
Kimilii
Dhann.
Makaram.
Kumbham.
Pans.
Falgfln.
Pam.,
\l:i-'h.,Phf,l.
•.. Jan.
Di'c.. Jan., IVli.
J;in., I'rb., Mai-.
1-2
M:
111:1.
Chaitra (Choitro).
Ptmirimi.
I'anguui.
Minam.
. . :
Muiain.
C'hnitni.
Plial., Chait.
r , Apr.
V CALENDAR.
. PART III.
! OK niFI'KKKNT KRAS.
M. .ii;'.di era begins i> given in brackets in the heading.
h«itrfi.li or Mesuadi.
use tlir year 0 under one and the corresponding year on the same
.a year into a Vikrama year and vice versa, Saka 0 = Chaitr&di
D. 0 = either kind of Vikrama 57-8; and so on. (See also
Bengali.
0
Sur-San
(June).
6-7
0
Harsba.
13
6-7
0
M%!.
45
38-9
32
0
Kollam
(Simha,
Kanyi).
Wl-8
225-6
218-9
186-7
0
Nev&r
(Karttika).
:>-6
279-80
272-3
240-1
54-5
0
Chlluiya
(initial month
doubtful).
482-3
476-7
469-70
437-8
251-2
197-8
0
Simha
(Ashadha).
tae-i
514-5
513-4
507-8
475-6
288-9
234-5
87-8
0
hik.-hnuiui
Sena
(Karttika).
525-6
519-20
512-3
480-1
294-5
240
42-3
5-6
0 llahi.
»61-2
955-6
948-9
916-7
730-1
676-7
479-80
441-2
.„« i Rajasaka
486'7 (Jyeihtha).
1080-1
1073-4
1067-8
1085-6
848-9
794-5
597-8
559-60
554-5 118-9 u
7Y/A IlIMn; CALENDAR,
I Ml
T.\ IIU«: I I I.
(01,1,1-XTIVi; 1)1 NATION HI
I1 \ HT 1.
l> \ I!T 1 I
Luni-Soliir year (( 'h:iii
'•'.•la. a'idi).
CollecUve
Cullrriiic dtiratiou (in days) from the ln-L'iuuiiiK «f tin- vmr in the
liliralnm
from the
end of the mouth in col. 5, or to the sankrauti in ml. 5 a.
\ a Ml c
N a Ml C
Stdl
a
i>l tin- \r;ir
J
Exact.
i f
5
of
of each
month.
9
C
of
H> tin- In/,, NiddkanUt.
Bj
d
2
ta
« «
1
Hindu
Kur.
llilhlll
Kuruptan
I
M o ll 1 li.
3 ~
H
CO
M o ii I li.
ooL
reckoning.
reeko
reekoniog.
reoko
B,
a,
".
* .5
t *
i,ll
P.
D
H.
11.
1)
Oil.
1'.
H
II.
H
i
2
3
3a
4
5
5a
6
7
8
9
10
i
Cliaitni . .
BO
80
1
Misliii. .
Vrishahha. .
*
80(2)
.>.)
}•>
7
.i.,
•'7
31
•
ha . . .
60
59
2
Vrisli'
Mithiuia. . .
19
M
82(6)
7
49
81
20
s
32
82
;j
00
89'
3
93(2)
56
0
.).)
_'t
0
1
n
0
94
4
iah&Jha . . .
120
118
4
Karku
Siiiiha
24
4
9
126(6)
125(6)
11
25
1 •'.-,
150
148
5
Siihha
•'li
g
156(2)
10
«9
S'l
1 1
52
1 r,d
6
BhAdrapada.
180
177
r,
KanyA ....
Tula
53
33
186(4)
•<\
56
s
186(4)
27
1-7
7
210
207
7
Tiilft
816(61
47
45
216(6)
19
6
I'l
44
19
54
-'17
8
Ki'irttikn.. . .
240
8
Vriscliika..
Dlianus. . . .
18
16
246(1)
7
18
19
9
7
10
9
270
a
Chain
:
275(2)
39
275(2)
15
43
38
13
IB
17
It
10
I'auslia ....
100
295
10
Mnkara . . .
Kiunlilia . . .
6
42
305(4)
2
41
305(4)
5
6
2
.
11
330
325
11
Kumbha . .
Mi.ia
55
12
334(5)
22
5
334(5)
51
19
21
12
I'halnuna.. .
ifiO
12
Mina
Mesha (of
In interca-
the follow.
lary ]
390
in- year)t .
15
81
865(1)
6
12
15
8
13
* The Ifcuirs in brackets in columns f>, 7, S, 9 u;ivi- the («•) or weckilav index.
t The moment of the Mesha sankranti cnincides with the eiact beginning of the sol:<
CV111
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE IV.
(II') (.4) OB) (C) FOR EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR.
(Prof. Jacobi's Table 7 in Incl. Ant., Vol. XVII., modified and corrected).
No.
of
<la\ s.
(».)
M
„
«,,
No.
of
days.
(».)
(a.)
„
W
No.
of
days.
(w.)
(a.)
(*.)
(,
1
1
339
36
3
43
1
4561
561
118
85
1
8784
85
233
2
2
677
73
5
44
2
4900
597
120
86
2
9122
121
235
8
3
1016
109
8
45
3
5238
633
123
87
3
9461
157
238
4
4
1355
145
11
46
4
5577
669
126
88
4
9800
194
241
5
5
1693
181
14
47
5
591(1
706
129
89
5
138
230
244
6
6
2082
218
16
48
6
6254
742
131
90
6
477
266
246
7
0
2370
264
19
49
0
6593
778
134
91
0
816
303
249
8
1
2709
290
22
50
1
6932
815
137
92
1
1154
339
252
9
2
ISO IS
3 2 7
26
51
2
7270
851
140
93
2
1493
375
255
10
3
3386
868
27
52
3
7609
887
142
94
3
1831
411
257
11
4
399
30
58
4
7947
923
145
95
4
2170
448
260
12
5
Kllil
486
33
54
5
8286
960
148
96
5
2509
484
263
18
6
4402
.472
36
65
6
8(125
996
151
97
6
2847
520
266
14
0
4741
508
88
56
0
8963
32
153
98
0
3186
557
268
15
16
1
2
5071)
.Mis
544
581
41
44
5i
58
1
2
9302
9641
89
105
156
159
99
100
1
2
3525
3863
593
629
271
274
17
3
6767
617
47
59
3
9979
141
162
101
3
1202
665
277
18
1
6096
858
49
60
4
318
177
164
102
4
1540
702
279
19
5
(143 1
690
52
(11
5
657
214
167
103
5
1879
738
282
20
6
(1773
726
55
62
6
995
260
170
104
6
5218
774
285
21
0
7111
762
57
63
0
1334
286
172
105
0
.">5 5(1
811
287
22
1
7450
798
60
84
1
1672
323
175
106
1
5895
st7
290
28
o
7789
63
65
2
2011
359
178
107
0
6234
888
293
34
3
8127
871
66
66
3
2350
395
181
108
3
6572
1)19
296
26
4
S Kill
907
68
(17
4
2688
432
183
109
4
6911
966
298
26
5
SSII!
944
71
68
5
3027
468
186
110
5
7250
992
301
27
6
9143
980
74
69
6
3366
504
189
111
6
7588
28
304
28
0
9482
16
77
70
0
3704
540
192
112
0
7927
65
307
29
1
9820
52
79
71
1
4043
577
194
113
1
8265
101
309
80
2
159
89
82
72
2
4381
613
197
1 114
2
8604
137
312
81
3
498
125
85
73
3
4720
649
200
115
3
8943
174
815
32
4
836
161
88
74
4
5059
686
203
116
4
9281
210
818
88
5
1175
198
90
75
5
5397
722
205
117
5
9620
246
320
84
6
1513
MM
98
76
6
5736
758
208
118
6
9959
282
323
35
0
1852
270
96
77
0
6075
794
211
119
0
297
319
326
88
1
2191
306
99
78
1
6413
831
214
120
1
686
355
329
37
2
252'.!
343
101
79
2
6752
867
216
121
2
974
891
331
38
3
2868
379
104
so
3
70!) 1
903
219
122
3
1313
428
334
39
4
3207
416
107
81
4
7429
940
222
123
4
1652
464
337
HI
5
3545
452
110
82
5
7768
976
224
124
5
1990
500
339
41
6
3884
488
112
83
6
8106
12
227
125
6
2329
536
342
40
0
4223
52 1
115
84
0
8445
48
230
126
0
2668
573
345
T1IL IlIMn CALENDAR.
TA III. K IV. MM,.
C1X
No
of
lays.
(«..)
("-)
(*.)
(0
Nc,.
of
(*,.)
(«.)
(»•)
(«•)
No.
of
daji.
("')
(a.)
(*•)
(«•)
1
31100
809
171
3
7906
468
818
5
589
845
172
4
242
471
216
6
31 tl
591
R
3<is 1
353
173
5
278
474
217
0
3ts:i
Kill
4
7ls
8*6
171
0
8922
315
476
218
1
912
181
B
4361
7»4
0
9M]
179
819
2
4160
948
800
182
B
1690
790
3(1 1
178
1
'jyjy
220
3
1 1'.i'.i
183
(i
S27
31! 1
177
2
9988
(24
485
221
4
20
1
868
867
178
1
MO
222
5
5176
57
808
185
•i
S71B
899
170
179
1
616
UM
IM
223
6
5515
'.13
611
186
B
HIT, 1
986
372
184
-',
'.)5 i
532
IM
221
0
1 2'.l
187
i
6898
H7-'
375
181
6
121)2
496
1
6199
166
188
5
6781
>>
878
182
1)
1631
80S
I'.IS
226
2
658]
202
1 :{'.»
6
7070
45
88]
188
1
1970
nil
501
227
3
8869
288
621
1 Ml
0
-, ins
SI
:<s:;
184
2
2308
678
594
22S
4
72os
(12 1
141
1
7717
117
886
186
8
2(i 17
714
506
2*9
5
811
•2
8086
188
889
186
4
2986
751)
509
230
6
7885
347
680
1 l:i
1 11
8
1
s 1:.' 1
8768
190
89!
3'.l I-
187
188
5
6
3324
8668
787
828
512
sis
231
232
0
1
s22 1
8563
420
1 ir,
r>
BIOS
268
897
189
0
40(11
859
517
233
.,
890]
156
1 Hi
8
D440
299
400
190
1
1310
898
520
3
924C
mi
117
0
8779
885
m
191
2
4679
982
523
4
529
1 is
1
118
371
K>5
192
3
5017
968
52C,
286
5
9917
149
2
M6
407
10S
198
4
1
237
6
256
89]
150
3
791
! I!
411
194
5
5(!'J5
41
531
23S
0
594
637
852
151
I
[188
480
118
195
6
8088
77
2311
1
988
674
(ir. 1
152
."i
1472
516
lie
196
0
(1372
113
537
210
2
1272
710
158
a
181]
558
U9
197
1
6710
149
589
241
3
1610
7 ir,
154
(i
•i \ HI
U2
198
0
70 m
186
542
242
4
1949
1 5 .")
i
2488
625
I'.' 1
199
3
7388
222
545
243
5
2288
819
1 .-)(!
2
8887
661
U7
no
4
7721!
258
548
244
6
2626
167
3
8165
698
480
5
8065
295
550
0
891
4
g504
784
202
fl
SHIt
331
2 Hi
1
3303
928
1 .V.I
77o
435
208
0
S712
867
556
2
180
a
I1S1
807
13S
204
1
9081
403
589
8
3981
0
16]
0
4520
843
441
205
2
9420
561
249
4
37
162
i
|s:,s
879
III.
206
3
9758
476
250
5
73
103
5197
916
207
4
97
512
567
6
4997
109
164
3
5586
952
Ml
5
435
549
569
0
1 15
1C,:,
1
r,s7 1-
'.INS
Kg
209
6
774
585
572
1
166
5
8818
24
210
0
1113
821
575
2
fill! 3
167
a
ill
W
211
1
658
57s
255
3
6881
25 t
His
0
8890
97
Hill
212
2
1790
694
580
4
6690
701
1 H'J
i
7229
133
468
213
3
2129
730
257
5
327
170
•2
7561
170
Ki5
214
4
2467
766
7307
( \
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TA'BLE IV. (CONTINUED.)
No.
of
(lavs.
(».)
(«.)
(*.)
(«.)
No.
of
days.
(».)
(a.)
(»•)
(<••)
No.
of
days.
(•»•)
>.)
(*•)
(«-)
259
0
7706
400
709
'302
1
2267
960
827
344
1
6489
484
942
260
1
8044
436
712
303
2
2605
996
830
345
2
6828
521
945
26]
2
8383
472
715
304
3
2944
33
832
346
3
7167
557
947
262
3
8722
508
717
305
4
3283
69
835
347
4
7505
593
950
MS
4
9060
645
720
306
5
3621
105
838
348
5
7844
629
953
264
5
9399
581
723
307
6
3960
142
840
349
6
8183
666
955
265
6
9737
617
726
308
0
4299
178
843
350
0
8521
702
958
266
0
76
654
728
309
1
4637
214
846
351
1
8860
738
961
267
1
415
690
731
310
2
4976
250
849
352
2
9198
775
964
268
2
753
726
734
311
3
5315
287
851
353
3
9537
811
966
269
3
1092
762
736
312
4
5653
323
854
354
4
9876
847
969
870
4
1481
799
739
313
5 '
5992
359
857
355
5
214
884
972
271
5
1769
835
742
314
6
6330
396
860
356
6
553
920
975
272
6
2108
871
745
315
0
6669
432
862
357
0
892
956
977
273
0
2447
908
• 747
316
1
7008
468
865
358
1
1230
992
980
274
1
2785
944
750
317
2
7346
504
868
359
2
1569
29
983
275
2
8184
980
753
318
3
7685
541
871
360
3
1907
65
986
878
g
:i Hi:!
16
756
319
4
8024
577
873
361
4
2246
101
988
277
4
3801
58
758
320
5
8362
818
876
362
5
2585
138
991
278
5
4140
89
761
321
6
8701
650
879
868
6
2923
174
994
279
6
4478
125
764
322
0
9039
686
882
364
0
3262
210
997
280
0
4817
162
767
323
1
9378
722
884
365
1
3601
246
999
88]
1
5156
198
769
324
2
9717
758
887
366
2
3939
283
2
282
2
5494
234
772
325
3
56
795
890
367
3
4278
319
6
883
8
5833
271
775
326
4
394
831
893
368
4
4617
355
8
284
4
6171
307
778
327
5
733
867
895
369
5
4956
392
10
285
5
6510
343
780
328
6
1071
904
898
370
6
5294
428
]3
286
6
6849
379
783
329
0
'1410
940
901
371
0
5632
464
16
287
0
7187
416
786
330
1
1749
976
903
372
1
5971
500
18
288
1
7526
452
788
881
2
2087
13
906
373
2
6310
537
21
289
2
7865
488
791
332
3
2426
49
909
. 374
3
6648
573
24
290
3
8203
525
794
333
4
2764
85
912
375
4
6987
609
27
291
4
8542
561
797
334
5
3103
121
914
376
5
7326
646
29
292
.">
8881
597
799
335
6
3442
158
917
377
6
7664
682
32
293
6
9219
633
802
336
0
3780
194
920
378
0
8003
718
35
294
0
9558
670
805
337
1
4119
230
923
379
1
8342
755
38
295
1
9896
706
808
338
2
4458
267
925
380
2
8680
791
40
296
2
235
742
810
339
3
4796
303
928
381
3
9019
827
43
297
3
574
779
813
340
4
5135
339
931
382
4
9357
863
46
298
4
912
815
816
341
5
5473
375
934
383
5
9696
900
49
299
5
1251
S5I
819
342
6
5812
412
936
384
6
35
936
51
300
6
1590
887
821
343
0
6151
448
939
385
0
373
972
54
301
0
1928
924
824
THE HINDU €.!/./• A '/>.•! A'.
i \i
TABLE V.
(A) (B) (O K OR 11O U 11 S A N I) MINI T K s.
(I'nif. Jacu/ti'i In,/. S).
Hours.
w
(*.)
(«.)
Minu-
tes.
(«.)
(''.)
('•)
Minu-
tH,
(«•)
W
w
1
14
•2
0
1
0
0
0
8]
7
1
(1
2
28
8
0
2
0
0
0
32
8
1
0
3
42
5
0
3
1
0
0
88
8
1
0
4
6
0
4
1
0
0
34
8
1
0
5
71
8
1
5
1
0
0
88
8
1
0
6
s:,
9
1
6
1
0
0
3fi
8
1
0
7
99
11
1
7
2
0
0
37
9
1
0
g
118
12
1
8
2
0
0
38
9
1
0
9
127
u
1
9
2
0
0
39
9
1
0
10
141
It
1
10
2
0
0
M
9
1
0
11
155
17
1
11
3
0
0
41
10
1
(1
12
169
IK
1
12
8
0
0
42
10
1
(I
18
183
20
1
13
3
0
0
43
10
1
0
W
198
21
2
14
3
0
0
M
1(1
1
0
15
212
23
2
16
4
(I
0
4B
11
1
0
16
226
2t
2
16
4
0
0
40
11
1
0
17
MO
26
2
17
4
(1
0
17
11
1
0
18
254
27
2
is
4
0
I)
48
11
1
I)
19
868
29
2
19
4
0
0
49
12
1
0 .
M
2K2
80
2
2(1
5
1
0
50
12
1
0
21
296
88
2
21
5
1
0
51
12
1
(1
22
310
88
3
22
5
1
0
52
12
1
0
23
825
85
:i
23
.")
1
0
18
12
1
(1
21
889
86
'8
M
6
1
0
M
13
1
(1
—
— -
—
—
<;
1
0
.V->
13
1
0
—
—
—
—
86
6
1
0
56
13
1
0
—
—
—
—
27
6
1
0
57
18
1
(1
—
—
—
—
28
7
1
0
58
14
1
II
—
—
—
—
29
7
1
0
59
14
1
0
—
—
—
—
80
7
1
0
60
14
.)
0
( MI
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TA HLK VI.
I.I MAR EQUATION.
(Art*. 107,108).
ARGUMENT (/>).
N.H. The equation in col. 2 corresponds to cither of the
arguments in cols. 1 and 3.
(This it Prof. Jacob?* Ind. Ant., Vol. XVII., Table 9,
re-arranged.)
Aign.
1
Equ.
Alga.
2
3
0
140
:,(iii
10
149
490
20
480
30
166
470
in
175
460
60
184
450
60
192
440
70
200
430
80
208
420
90
216
410
100
288
Kill
110
280
890
120
286
880
180
242
370
140
248
860
150
253
860
160
268
340
170
288
330
180
267
320
190
270
310
200
278
300
aio
276
290
820
277
280
880
279
270
240
280
260
250
Argu.
Equ.
2
Argu.
1
3
500
140
1000
510
131
990
520
182
980
530
114
970
540
105
960
550
96
950
569
^
940
570
80
930
580
72
920
590
65
910
600
57
900
610
50
890
620
It
880
680
38
870
(> Kl
32
860
650
27
850
660
22
840
670
17
830
680
13
820
690
10
810
700
7
800
710
4
790
720
3
780
730
1
770
740
0
760
750
0
750
TABLE VII.
SOLAR EQUATION.
(Arts. 107,108).
ApJIiV.MKNT (c).
YP> Tin equal ion in col. 2 corresponds to either of the
arguments in cols. 1 and 3.
('fhh is I'.-nf. ./,imf,".i Ind. Ant., Vol. XVII., Tab/,- 1(1,
re-arranged.)
Argn.
1
Equ.
2
Argu.
3
0
60
500
10
57
490
20
58
480
80
40
470
40
4G
460
50
41
450
60
38
440
70
84
430
80
81
420
90
28
410
100
28
400
no
22
890
120
19
380
ISO
Hi
370
140
11
360
150
11
350
160
9
340
170
7
880
180
6
320
190
4
310
200
8
300
210
2
290
220
1
280
230
0
270
240
0
2(50
250
0
•250
Argu.
Equ.
Argu.
1
2
3
500
60
1000
510
64
990
520
68
980
530
72
970
540
76
900
550
79
960
560
83
940
570
• 86
980
580
90
920
590
93
910
600
96
900
610
99
890
620
102'
880
' 630
105
870
640
107
860
650
109
850
660
112
840
670
113
830
680
115
820
690
117
810
700
118
800
710
119
790
720
120
780
730
120
770
740
121
760
750
121
• 750
Difi'rrenci-
in
equation.
LAST FIGURE OF AKGI to
9
8
7
6
5 | 4
3
2
1
ADD OK SUBTRACT.
0
8
7
6
5
4 or 5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
6
5
4
3
2
2
1
7
6
6
5
4
3 or 4
8
•>
1
1
6
5
5
4
4
3
2
2
1
1
5
4 or 5
4
3or4
3
2 or 3
2
Ior2
1
Oorl
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
0
3
8
2
2
2
Ior2
1
1
1
0
2
2
•>
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
Oorl
0
0
0
(1
AUXILIARY TABLE TO TABLES VI. AND VII.
Note the difference in the (Tables VI., VII.) equation-figures
for the nearest figures of the argument. Take this difference in
the left-hand column of this ^Table, and run the eye to the
right till it reaches the figure standing under the last figure
of the given argument. The result is to be added to or sub-
traded from the equation-figure for the lower of the two argu-
ment figures, according as the scale is increasing or decreasing.
Tims; Table VI., argument 334. Difference between equations
for 330 and 340 is (263 — 258) 5, decreasing. The figure'
in the Auxiliary Table opposite 5 and under 4 is 2. The
proper equation therefore is 263 — 2 or 261.
Argument 837. Difference between 830 and 840 is (22 — 17)
5, increasing. The figure opposite 5 and under 7 is 3 or 4. The
equation therefore is 17 -f 3 — 20, or 17 + 4 •=. 21.
THE ifL\nr CAI.I-.MIAR.
TA BLK VIII.
IMIK KS ii| riTlll.s. NAKS11ATKAS, AM) YOGAS; AND TIIK KAKA.NAS OK
( Mil
T1TIII \\ll KAIiAXA.
NAKSHATRA.
rooA.
|
fl
|S
-
•si
11
-Q
_. <—
Index
Karanos.
|
a
3
Index
(Ordinary
Ind.'t for the
rnilmsr jwiut of
the Nakihatr:,
unequal
•pace system of
5
»
a
Illill-X
w
For the
l-l hall' of
the til hi.
Knr 1 lii-
iiid half "f
the tithi.
G.,..
llr.'ililuu
Sldd-
kteu.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1
2
3
4
5
f,
7
s
'.i
10
11
12
13
1 1
15
1?
is
li)
'.'ii
21
22
28
24
25
2(1
27
28
29
30
I
S
1
5
6
7
s
<J
10
II
12
13
14
15
Krish.
1
2
3
4
.">
(i
7
s
'.i
10
11
12
13
14
15
33:;
(id?- 100(1
1(10(1 1333
1333- Kill?
Kid? - 2000
2333
2333- 2(1(1?
3000
30(10
3333- 3(1(17
Mini
1883
1(1(17
r,333
5667
(111(10
6667
7000
7333
7667
?(1(!7
8383
sin;?
Sfifi"
9000- 9333
9333- '.Nlil?
9667-10000
2 Bali!
4 Taitila... .
(1 Vai.iij
1 Ba\a
3 Kaulava . .
.') Ciara ... .
7 Viah
2 Balava....
4 Taitila
(1 Vai.iij.. . .
1 liava.
3 Kaulava.
.". Ciara.
7 Vishti f.
2 Balava.
t Taitila.
•1 Bava.
'•'• Kaulava.
5 Ga
7 Vi
2 Biilava.
4 Taitila.
(i \ iinij.
1 Bava
5 Giira.
7 Vishti.
2 Balava.
4 Taitila.
6 Vanij.
1 Bava.
3 Kaulava.
•> Gara.
7 Vi
lava.
4 Taitila.
nij.
Sakuu i .
1
2
3
^
5
8
7
s
9
in
is
(i 37(1
741
741- nn
nn- UM
1481
2222
2222- 2.V.I3
2968
3333
3333- 3?0 t
1074
itu
(ill (sir,
MIS
5185-
6296
8667
7407
7407- 7778
7 si 12
8148- 8519
8519- 8889
9259- 9C>30
9630-
370
Us]
1S52
8598
2968
8148
35 IS
8888
nn
1815
5186
5870
6296
6852
7222
7778
Sl IS
8519
8704
9074
9680
10000
866
:, 1:1
915
14(11
1830
2013
2561
3111
847?
8848
18M
r.124
5307
(1222
6405
6771
7686
7804
8170
8719
9085
9634
1(1000
1
1
5
6
7
9
10
18
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
26
Yi-hkalllbhn
I'nti
0- 3?o
3?o ?U
741- nn
nn- i M
1481-
'
2222
3333
3333 3704
KriUikfi, . .
nnat . .
Saubhazx a . .
Sdbliana. . . .
Ali'.'iiii'la. . .
Snkarmau .
Dhfiti
Rohini
\rdra
Punarvasn
Pusliya
UkefaJ
Siila
Vriddhi....
Dhruva. . .
alia. . .
Vajra
Siddh:
VyitJp
Yariyas. . . .
ha.. . .
Siva
MI7I- HU
1815
5926
703?
703?
;7?s
8148- 8519
K889
8889-
:! Kai
."> Gara
7 Vishti ....
2 Bftll
4 Taitila.. . .
1 'j • •
1 Bin.
. . .
Visakha
Anuradha
Jveshtha
Main .
3 Kaulava.. .
I
Purva Ash:.
Utlara A>!ii'i..lha .
Abhijit
Siddha
7 Vi-hti
2 Bill-
1 Taitila... .
<i Vai.iij
1 Bava
3 Kaulava. . .
5 Gam
7 Vishti ....
Chatushjjacla .
Siulhys ....
....
Dlianishthfi «...
Satabhishaj ft- • • •
Pftrva Bhadrapada
I'ttara Bhadrapada
Revati .
Sukla
Brain
Indra ....
Vaidhriti.. .
1 1 r l\
t Vishti is also eallal Uhadra, Kal\:iui.
** or Sravislilha.
Uaki
{ or Asrij.
CX1V
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE V1I1A.
LONGITUDES OF ENDING-POINTS OF TITHIS.
TABLE VIIIB.
LONGITUDES OF PARTS OF TITHIS, NAKSHATRAS
AND YOGAS.
Tithi-Index
(Lunation-
parts)
(/•)
Tithi.
Degrees.
I
2
3
333
1
12° 0'
667
2
24° 0'
1000
3
36° 0'
1333
4
48° 0'
1667
5
60° 0'
2000
6
72° 0'
2333
7
84° 0'
2667
8
96° 0'
3000
9
108° 0'
3333
10
120° 0'
3667
11
132° 0'
4000
12
144° 0'
4333
13
156° 0'
4667
14
168° 0'
5000
15
180° 0'
5333
16
192° 0'
5667
17
204° 0'
6000
IS
216° 0'
6333
19
228° 0'
6667
20
240° 0'
7000
21
252° 0'
7333
22
264° 0'
7667
23
276° 0'
8000
24
288° 0'
8333
25
300° 0'
8667
26
312° 0'
9000
27
324° 0'
9333
28
336° 0'
9667
29
348° 0'
10000
30
360° 0'
For longitudes of ending-points of Nakshatras aud Yogas, sec
teit, Table Art. 38.
TITHI.
NAKSHATRA AND YOGA.
2"
8 S
•3 C.
•7 § :?
•5 1
si
3
ff
II
^
H
•S'
8 1
I j
i
ll?
sl *
111
% £ -3-
r&
5 3
s » .§
B A "B
JsS-S
I "g
£ -s-
<U
i 1
'1 *
0 r,
G
i
2
3
4
5
6
33
0.1
1° 12
33
0.09
1° 12'
66
0.2
2° 24
66
0.18
2° 24'
100
0.3
3° 36
100
0.27
3° 36'
200
0.6
7° 12
200
0.54
7° 12'
300
0.9
10° 48
300
0.81
10° 48'
400
1.2
14° 24
400
1.08
14° 24'
500
1.5
18° 0'
500
1.35
18° 0'
600
1.8
21° 36
BOO
1.62
21° :<«'
700
2 1
25° 12
700
1.89
25° 12'
800
2.4
28° 48'
800
2.16
28° 4S'
900
2.7
32° 24'
900
2.43
32° 24'
1000
3.0
36° 0'
1000
2.70
36° 0'
1100
3.3
39° 36'
1100
2.97
39° 36'
1200
3.6
43° 12'
1200
3.24
43° ]2'
1300
3.9
46° 48'
1300
3.51
46° 48'
1400
4.2
50° 24'
1400
8.78
50° 24'
1500
4.5
54° 0'
1500
4.05
54° 0'
1600
4.8
57° 36'
1600
4.32
57° 30'
1700
5.1
61° 12'
1700
4.59
61° 12'
1800
5.4
64° 48'
1800
64° 48'
1900
5.7
68° 24'
1900
5.18
68° ->V
2000
6.0
72° 0'
2000
5.40
72° 0'
2100
6.3
75° 36'
2100
5.67
75° 3d'
2200
6.6
79° 12'
2200
5.94
79° 12'
2300
6.9
82° 48'
2300
6.21
82° 48'
2400
7.2
86° 24'
2400
6.48
86° 24'
2500
7.5
90° 0'
3600
6.75
90° 0'
2600
7.8
93° 36'
2600
7.02
93° 30'
2700
8.1
97° 12'
2700
7.29
97° 12'
2800
8.4
100° 48'
2800
7.56
100° IS'
2900
8.7
104° 24'
2900
7.83
104° 24'
3000
9.0
108° 0'
3000
8.10
108° 0'
3100
9.3
111° 36'
3100
8.37
111° .W
3200
9.6
115° 12'
3200
8.64
115° 12'
3300
9.9
118° 48'
3300
8.91
118° 48'
3400
10.2
122° 24'
3400
9.18
122° 24'
THE HINDU
T A l» lj K VIII l!. .'<I\TIM in,
CALENDAR.
TA KLK VI I I".
( X\
•mm.
NAKMIATItA UfO TOGA,
Mf
1 a
Lt O $£
gi
„!
3 £
s5 •«
1
i
1 1
*-!• —
•., '"
•
•
1 H -
e-1 ^
i £ ~o
4 a, §
Iff*
K
1 I
s a .§
?. \
•
&* ~
& :,
a
m
1
2
3
4
5
6
8500
10.5
126° 0'
3500
9.45
26° 0'
BfiOO
10.8
129° 36'
8600
9.72
86'
3700
11.1
133° 12'
3700
9.99
83° 12'
8800
1 1. 1
36° 48'
8800
10.26
36° 48'
8900
11.7
40° 24'
3900
10.53
40° 2tr
12.0
44° 0'
4000
10.80
44° 0'
II (in
12.8
47° 36'
4100
11.07
47° 3ii'
1800
12. r,
51° 12'
4200
11.84
51° 12'
1800
12. '.1
54° 48'
4300
LI. 61
18'
4 Kill
13.2
4400
11.88
58° 2T
1 3 . 5
162° 0'
4500
12.15
162° 0'
WOO
13.8
165° 36'
4600
12.42
165° 86'
47011
1 t.l
169° 12'
4700
18.69
169° 12'
ISIHI
14.4
172° 48'
4800
12.9(1
172° 48'
UK III
14.7
176° 24'
4900
13.23
176° 24'
5011(1
15.0
180° 0'
5000
18.50
180° 0'
5100
u. a
183° 36'
5100
13.77
183° 36'
520(1
15.6
187° 12'
5200
14.04
187° 12'
15.9
190° 48'
5300
14.31
190° 48'
5400
1 li . 2
194° 24'
5400
14.58
194° 24'
550(1
16.5
198° 0'
5500
L4.85
198° 0'
5600
16.8
201° 36'
5600
15.12
201° 36'
5700
17.1
205° 12
5700
15.39
205° 12'
5 SOU
17.4
208° 48
5800
15.66
208° 48'
17.7
212° 24
5900
15.93
212° 24'
8000
18.0
216° 0'
6000
16.20
216° 0'
6100
L8.8
219° 36
6100
16.47
219° 36'
S800
18.6
223° 12
6200
16.74
223° 12'
6800
18.9
226° 48
6300
17.01
226° 48'
(1400
19.8
230° 24
6400
17.28
230° 24'
6500
19.5
234° 0'
6500
17.55
234° 0'
6600
19.8
6600
17.88
237° 36'
6700
20.1
241° 12
6700
18.09
241° 12'
6800
20.4
244° 48
6800
18.36
244° 48'
0900
20.7
248° 24
6900
18.63
248° 24'
'7000
21.0
252° 0'
7000
18.90
252° 0'
7100
21.3
255° 36'
7100
19.17
255° 36'
7200
21.fi
259° 12
7200
19.44
259° 12'
TITI1I.
NAk.MIATKA AMI W«.A.
|
\
8
"o *
5 E ^-
1 1
1
|5 (3 O"
jt s 3±>
.= =
•5 g
'** ~3
fg
H
£ " ~
4 • *
ill
|J
•£ 's
i- ^
-— !"•*
j_
*«
a
9
•s, ""
i i
1
1
a
3
4
6
6
7300
21.9
262° 48'
7300
19.71
62° 48' 1
7400
22.2
266° 24'
7400
19.98
86° 24'
7500
22.5
270° 0'
7500
20.25
7o ' 0'
7600
22.8
273° 36'
7600
20.52
73 ' 36'
7700
88.1
277° 12'
7700
80.79
12'
7x011
23. 1
280° 48'
7800
21.06
280° 48'
7 IK HI
23.7
284° 24'
7900
81.88
284° 24'
8000
24.0
288° 0'
8000
81.60
288° 0'
8100
84.8
291° 36'
8100
81.87
291° 36'
8800
24 . (i
8200
22.14
295° 12'
24.9
298° 48'
8300
22.41
298° 48'
8400
25.2
802° 24'
8400
22.68
302° 24'
8500
25.5
306° 0'
8500
22.95
306° 0'
8600
25.8
309° 36'
8600
23.22
309° 36'
8700
26.1
313° 12'
8700
23.49
313° 12'
8800
26.4
316° 48'
8800
23.76
316° 48'
8900
26.7
320° 24'
'8900
24.03
320° 24'
9000
27.0
9000
24.3(1
824° 0'
9100
27.3
327° 3fi'
9100
24.57
327° •'(«'
'J200
27.6
331° 12'
9200
24.84
331° 12'
9300
27.9
334° 48'
9300
25.11
834° 48'
9400
28.2
338° 24'
9400
25.38
338° 24'
9500
28.5
842° 0'
9500
25.65
342° 0'
9600
28.8
345° 36
9600
25.92
345° 36'
9700
29.1
349° 12
9700
86.19
349° 12'
9800
29.4
852° 48
9800
86.46
352° 48'
9900
29.7
356° 24
9900
26.73
356° 24'
10000
30.0
360° 0'
10000
27.00
360° 0'
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE IX.
TABLE GIVING THE SERIAL NUMBER OF DAYS FROM THE END OF A YEAR A.D. FOR TWO
CONSECUTIVE A.D. YEARS.
PA KT I.
Number of days reckoned from the 1st of January of the same year.
Jan.
Feb.
March.
April.
May.
Jane.
July.
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1
1
32
60
91
121
152
182
213
244
274
305
335
1
2
2
33
61
92
122
153
183
214
245
275
300
336
2
3
3
84
62
93
123
154
184
215
246
276
307
337
3
4
4
16
63
94
124
155
185
216
247
277
308
338
4
5
5
36
64
95
125
1 56
186
217
248
278
309
339
5
6
6
37
65
96
126
157
187
218
249
279
310
340
6
7
7
38
66
97
127
158
188
219
250
280
311
341
7
8
8
39
67
98
128
159
189
220
251
281
312
342
8
9
9
40
68
99
129
160
190
221
252
282
313
343
9
10
10
41
69
100
130
101
191
222
253
283
314
344
10
11
11
42
70
101
181
162
192
223
254
284
315
345
11
12
12
43
71
102
132
163
193
224
255
285
316
346
12
13
13
44
72
103
133
164
194
225
256
286
317
347
13
14
14
45
73
104
134
165
195
226
257
287
318
348
14
15
15
46
74
105
135
166
196
227
258
288
319
349
15
16
16
47
75
106
136
167
197
228
259
289
320
350
16
17
17
48
76
107
137
168
198
229
260
290
321
351
17
18
18
49
77
108
138
169
199
230
261
291
322
352
18
19
19
50
78
109
139
170
200
231
262
292
323
353
19
20
20
51
79
110
140
171
201
232
263
293
324
354
20
21
21
52
80
111
141
172
202
233
264
294
325
355
21
22
22
53
81
112
142
173
203
234
265
295
326
356
22
23
23
54
82
113
143
174
204
235
266
296
327
357
23
24
24
55
83
114
144
175
205
236
267
297
328
358
24
25
28
56
84
115
1 1.")
176
206
237
268
298
329
359
25
26
86
57
85
116
146
177
207
238
269
299
330
360
26
27
27
58
86
117
147
178
208
239
270
300
331
361
27
28
28
59
87
118
148
179
209
240
271
301
332
362
28
29
29
60
88
119
149
180
210
241
272
302
333
363
29
30
30
—
89
120
150
181
211
242
273
303
334
364
30
31
81
—
90
—
151
—
212
243
—
304
—
365
31
Jan.
Feb.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
tag.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
THE I11MU CALEND
T A 11 I, K I X. i •<• MI M
I! OlVIVi TIIK SKK1A1. \r\IUKH 01 I)\VS IliOM TIIK KM I (II \ V KA I! A I). KOI! TWO
i TINT, A.I) M;AI;S.
I II.
Number of days reckoned from the 1st of January of the preceding
Jan.
Feb.
tfarch.
Apnl.
Ifer.
Juni\
July.
Sep
( let.
HOT.
1
866
397
186
166
186
517
578
609
889
670
700
1
2
867
898
420
161
JS7
618
5 IS
679
610
840
671
701
2
3
368
899
427
168
188
5 1 '.1
549
580
611
841
678
708
3
4
»69
400
198
169
489
520
550
618
648
708
4
5
401
429
Hill
190
681
582
613
(i i:(
674
Toi
5
6
371
409
480
46]
491
583
614
644
675
705
6
7
372
M8
481
168
198
688
584
615
(1 15
676
706
7
8
878
404
488
468
498
551
816
646
(177
707
8
9
874
uir,
433
464
•191
555
586
617
iu 7
678
708
9
10
875
M«
434
166
495
526
556
587
618
CIS
679
709
10
11
376
407
4M
Hit;
496
(87
557
588
619
649
680
710
11
12
377
408
isa
467
197
528
55s
589
690
650
681
711
12
13
:i7s
409
437
468
HIS
529
590
621
661
682
712
13
14
879
410
438
lli'.i
199
530
560
622
652
683
713
14
15
380
411
170
500
681
561
592
688
668
684
714
15
16
381
us
till
171
501
188
562
698
6S4
654
665
715
16
17
881
418
441
478
608
533
563
594
625
655
686
716
17
18
888
ii i
448
478
608
5.'! 1
564
595
686
666
687
717
18
19
:(si
415
148
174
501
688
565
696
<127
667
688
718
19
20
416
m
505
536
566
628
658
689
719
2O
21
use,
417
445
478
606
537
567
598
629
659
690
720
21
22
387
418
1 1C,
177
507
538
568
699
630
660
691
721
22
23
388
419
117
178
539
569
600
631
661
692
722
23
24
889
480
148
179
509
540
570
601
632
662
693
723
24
25
390
48]
149
ISO
510
641
571
602
888
663
694
7:n
25
26
891
48i
160
481
611
648
572
808
634
664
696
796
26
27
898
423
461
482
512
513
573
604
688
666
696
786
27
28
393
424
452
488
513
5 1 1
574
605
636
666
697
727
28
29
39 J
186
453
184
514
5 15
606
637
667
698
29
30
898
—
454
is:,
515
546
576
607
638
668
699
729
3O
31
8M
—
46t
—
516
—
577
608
—
669
—
730
31
Jan.
I-Yb.
Maivh.
Ajiril.
May.
Jllllr.
July .
Au-.
Sep.
Get
rxvni
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE X.
FOR CONVERTING TITIII-PARTS, AND INDICES OF TITHIS, NAKSIIATRAS, AND YOGAS INTO TI.MK
[N.B. In this Table a tithi is supposed to contain 1,000 parts.
,, „ „ ,. lunation .,
„ „ „ „ sidereal month ,,
„ „ „ ,, yoga chakra „
Therefore:
In the case of Titbi-parts
Tithi-indei (0
,, ,, „ „ Nakshatra-indcx (n)
„ „ „ .. Yoga-index (>/)
10,000
10,000
10,000
the argument shews l.OOOths of a tithi.
10,000ths „ „ lunation.
„ lO.OOOths „ „ sidereal month.
„ .. lO.OOOths „ „ yoga-chakra].
Timf equivalent of
Time equivalent of
Time equivalent of
g
M
g
W
u
'3
V
1
a
1
1
H
£ K
1
1
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•3 c
_p
"S S ^i.
C! ^
g
M S.
'r S
31-i T
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§
£ £j
B
;T g
03 4J ^
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2 ""
•* .5 "~"
S> "~"
t?
£ E,
|3
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gj "-'
1?
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la "~
JS .2 "-"
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M,
H.
M.
H.
M.
H.
M.
H.
M.
H.
M.
H.
M.
H.
M.
H.
M.
H.
M.
H.
M.
1
0
1
0
4
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4
0
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41
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58
2
54
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81
1
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5
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0
28
0
26
47
1
7
a
20
3
5
2
52
87
2
3
6
10
5
42
5
18
8
0
11
0
34
0
31
0
29
48
1
8
3
24
3
9
2
56
88
2
5
6
14
5
46
5
22
9
0
13
0
38
0
35
0
33
49
1
9
3
28
3
13
2
59
89
2
6
6
18
5
50
5
26
10
0
14
0
43
0
39
0
37
50
1
11
3
33
3
17
3
3
90
2
8
6
23
5
54
5
29
11
0
16
0
47
0
43
0
40
51
1
12
3
37
3
21
3
7
91
2
9
6
27
5
58
5
33
12
0
17
0
51
0
47
0
44
52
1
14
3
41
8
25
3
10
92
2
10
6
31
6
2
5
37
L8
0
18
0
55
0
51
0
48
53
1
15
3
45
8
29
3
14
93
2
12
6
35
6
6
5
40
14
0
20
1
0
0
55
0
51
54
1
17
3
50
3
32
3
18
94
2
13
6
40
6
10
5
44
15
0
21
1
4
D
59
0
55
55
1
18
3
54
8
36
3
21
95
2
15
6
44
6
14
5
48
16
0
23
1
8
1
3
0
59
56
1
19
3
58
3
40
3
25
96
2
16
6
48
6
18
.5
51
17
0
24
1
12
1
7
1
2
57
1
21
4
2
3
44
3
29
97
2
17
6
52
6
22
5
55
18
0
26
1
17
1
11
1
6
58
1
22
4
7
3
48
3
32
!IS
2
19
6
57
6
26
5
59
19
0
27
1
21
1
15
1
10
59
1
24
4
11
3
52
3
36
99
2
20
7
1
6
29
6
2
20
0
28
1
if
1
19
1
13
60
1
25
4
15
3
56
3
40
100
2
22
7
5
6
33
6
6
21
0
30
1
29
1
23
1
17
61
1
26
4
19
4
0
3
43
200
4
43
14
10
13
7
12
12
22
0
31
1
84
1
27
1
21
62
1
28
4
24
4
4
3
47
300
7
5
21
16
19
40
18
18
23
0
33
1
38
1
30
1
24
63
1
29
4
28
4
8
3
51
400
9
27
28
21
24
0
34
1
42
1
34
1
28
64
1
31
4
32
4
12
3
54
,500
11
49
35
26
25
0
35
1
46
1
38
1
32
65
1
32
4
36
4
16
3
58
600
14
10
42
31
—
—
—
—
26
0
37
1
51
1
42
35
66
1
34
4
41
4
20
4
2
700
16
32
49
37
27
0
38
1
55
1
46
39
67
1
35
4
45
4
24
4
5
800
18
54
56
42
28
0
40
1
59
1
50
42
68
1
36
4
49
4
28
4
9
900
21
16
63
47
29
0
41
2
3
1
54
46
69
1
38
4
53
4
31
4
13
1000
23
37
70
52
30
0
43
2
8
1
58
50
70
1
39
4
58
4
35
4
16
31
0
44
2
12
2
2
1
53
71
1
41
5
2
4
39
4
20
32
0
45
2
16
2
6
1
57
72
1
42
5
6
4
43
4
24
33
0
47
2
20
2
10
2
1
73
1
48
5
10
4
47
4
27
34
0
48
2
25
2
14
2
4
74
1
45
5
15
4
51
4
31
35
0
50
2
29
2
18
2
8
75
1
46
5
19
4
55
4
35
86
(I
51
2
33
2
22
2
12
76
1
48
5
23
4
59
4
38
37
0
52
2
37
2
26
2
15
77
1
49
5
27
5
3
4
42
38
0
54
2
42
2
30
2
19
78
1
51
5
32
5
7
4
46
39
0
55
2
46
2
33
2
23
79
1
52
5
36
5
11
4
49
40
0
57
2
50
2
37
2
26
80
1
53
5
40
5
15
4
53
THE HINDU CALENDAR. ' xi
TABLE XI.
LATITUIJKS AND LONCITI DKS OF PRINCIPAL PLACID
(l.i' "i ili'ijrcei and minutes; Longitudes in minutes of lime, beiny the difference in limr belief en Ujjain
and the place in question.)
N.B. Thie Table 13 basal on the maps of the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India, but all longitudes require a correction
,,f _ ;(' :c.)" t» bring them to the latest corrected longitude of the Madras Observatory, namely, 80° 14' :.
'I'u I'oimTt Ujjain mean time, as found by the previous Tables, into local mean time, add to or subtract from the former
the minute* of longitude of the place in question, as indicated bv the sign of plus or miuiu in this Tahlf.
1
NA\1F, 01 PLACE.
N.
Latitude.
Long. E
from
twioh.
Long,
from
Ujjain In
of time.
XAMK oi IM
N.
LatitiMi .
Lou
Iroiii
r,\irh.
from
of time.
Abu (Arbudn)
24° 36'
72° 60'
— 12
Bombay (Gt Tri" Station) .
18° 51'
72° 52'
— 12
Fort)
27° 10'
7S;' 5'
+ 9
21° 42'
73° 2'
- 11
Ahmadubad
23° 1'
72° 39'
- 13
Bundi
75° 42'
1
Ahmuilnagar
19° 4'
18'
— 4
Burhanpur
21° 19'
76° 18'
+ 2
Ajanta
20° 32'
75° 49'
0
Calcutta (Fort William)
22° 33'
88° :Hr
+ 50
26° 30'
74° 45'
— 4
Hi (Allvghur Coel)
27° 52'
78° 8'
+ 9
22° 18'
72° 41'
- 13
Allahabad (Pniyai<a)
25° 26'
81° 54'
+ 24
oore (Kuhnpur Old Cih).
26° 29'
80° 22'
+ 18
AmarAvati (on tin- Krishna)...
16° :sr
80° 25'
+ 18
a ...
9° 58'
76° 18'
+ 2
Amarfivati (AmrAoti, Oomra-
20° 55'
77° 49'
4- 8
Congeeveram (see Kanchi)
Cuttack (see Katak)
31° 37'
74° .Mi'
t
Dacca (Dhaka) .... ....
23° 43'
90° 27'
+ 58
Aiihilvuil (Piitan)
23° 51'
72° 11'
- 15
Dehli (Delhi Old City)
28° 39'
77° 18'
'- i;
Aivot (Arkadu)
12° 54'
79° 24'
+ 14
Devagiri (Daulatabad)
19° 57'
75° 17'
- 2
19° 54'
75° 24'
— 2
Dhara (Dhar) . .
22° 36'
75° 22'
- 2
Dhiirviid (Dharwar)
15° 27'
75° 5'
- 3
Badamt
15° 55'
75° IV
- 0
Dholpur (City)
26° 41'
77° 58'
i- '.)
1 i, or Bala'Miiivr
14° 23'
75° 18'
— 2
Dhulia
20° 54'
74° 50'
— 4
14° 32'
75° 5'
3
Dvarakfi
22° 14'
69° 2'
- 27
23° 14'
87° 55'
+ 48
Ellora (YSlapura)
20° 2'
75° 14'
— 2
Baroda (liailoila)
22° 18'
73° 16'
— 10
Farukhabad (Furruck0 )
27° 28'
79° 37'
+ 15
Baisi
18° 13'
75° 46'
— 0
24° 47'
85° 4'
+ 37
Ill
15° 51'
74° ;i.v
— 5
25° 35'
88° :i'.r
+ 31
Benares
25° 19'
83° V
+ 29
21° 32'
70° 36'
- 21
25° 15'
87° 2'
+ 45
15° 30'
73° 57'
- g
Bharatpuv (Bhurtpoor)
27° 13'
77° 33'
+ 7
26° 45'
25'
+ 30
23° 32'
77° .">•"
+ 8
Gurkha
27° 55'
84° 30'
+ 35
Bhopal
23° 15'
77° 28'
+ 6
26° 14'
78°
+ 10
Bihar (Behar, in Bengal)
25° 11'
85° 35'
+ 39
Haidarubiul (IK-khan)
17° 22'
78° 3ir
+ 11
Bijapur (Becjapoor)
16° 50'
75° 47'
0
Haidarabud (Sindh)
25° 23'
68° 26'
- 3d
Bijuagar (see Vijavauagar) ....
22° 20'
77° 9'
+ 5
BikaiiiT
28° 0'
730 .).)r
— 10
29° 57'
78° i r
+ 10
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE XL (CONTINUED.)
\ \\\\:. 01 IM.ACK
N.
Latitude.
LoDg. E
from
Greenwich.
Long,
from
TJjjaln in
minutes
of time.
NAME ot PLACE.
N.
Latitude.
Long. E
from
Greenwich.
LOUR.
from
r.ijmn in
of time.
22° 45'
22° 43'
23° 11'
19° 48'
21° 1'
26° 55'
25° 28'
26° 18'
21° 31'
18° 20'
19° 15'
17° 53'
27° 3'
12° 50'
20° 28'
27° 39'
16° 41'
31° 35'
26° 51'
9° 55'
13° 4'
12° 18'
17° 12'
22° 50'
12° 52'
27° 30'
25° 23'
30° 12'
21° 9'
20° 0'
77° 47'
75° 55'
80° 0'
85° 53'
75° 38'
75° 53'
78° 38'
73° 5'
70° 31'
84° 11'
73° 11'
77° 1'
79° 59'
79° 46'
85° 56'
85° 19'
74° 17'
74° 23'
80° 58'
78° 11'
80° 18'/2'
76° 43'
77° 13'
69° 25'
74° 54'
77° 45'
86° 32'
71° 32'
79° 10'
73° 51'
+ 8
- 0
+ 17
+ 40
1
- 0
+ 11
- 11
- 21
+ 33
- 11
+ 5
+ 17
+ 16
+ 40
+ 38
- 6
- fi
+ 21
+ 9
+ 18
+ 4
+ 6
- 26
- 4
+ 8
+ 43
- 17
+ 13
8
Outle (Oudh, Avdilhva)
26° 48'
19° 29'
17° 41'
30° 19'
25° 36'
34° 0'
18° 30'
25° 48'
9° 17'
17° 0'
24° 31'
23° 50'
27° 31'
21° 28'
17° 41'
12° 25'
17° 41'
24° 6'
20° 53'
34° 6'
21° 12'
10° 47'
19° 12'
8° 14'
10° 49'
8° 29'
24° 34'
23° 11'
15° 19'
82° 16'
75° 27'
75° 24'
76° 28'
85° 16'
71° 40'
73° 55'
87° 34'
79° 23'
73° 21'
81° 21'
78° 48'
82° 5'
84° 2'
74° 3'
76° 44'
75° :>.s'
77° 45'
70° 28'
74° 52'
72° 53'
79° 12'
73° 1'
77° 19'
78° 45'
77° 0'
73° 45'
75° 50'
76° 32'
+ 26
- 2
- 2
+ 3
+ 37
- 17
— 8
I'aithfm
Pfitan (see Anhilwad)
1'alan (see Somnuthpatan)
Patiala
Jaypur (Jevpore, in Kajputana).
Jhansi
Pfitua
Peshawur
Kalmnap;itani iCaliiiirapatam) ..
Poorce (Puri, see Jagannathapuri)
-f 47
+ 14
- 10
+ 22
+ 12
+ 25
+ 33
7
+ 4
+ 1
+ 8
- 22
I
- 12
+ 14
- 11
+ 6
-f- 12
+ 5
- 8
± 0
+ 3
Kalyau (Kalliannee, Nizam's
Iteva (Rewa, Riwaiii).
Katak (Cuttack)
Sahet Malict (Sravasti) 2
Kliiitniaii'lu
Sumbhalpur (Sumbulpore)
SatuTii
Lfihor (Lahore)
Seringapatam (Srirangapattana) .
Sholapur
Madhura (Madura, Madras Pros/
Miilkhcil (Manyakheta)
Surat ...
Mfunlayi (iu Cutch)
Tan jove (Tanjavur)
Marigalur (Mangalore)
Tli Ana (Tanuah)
Mathura (M ultra \.\V.P.)....
Travanrore (Tiruvarikadu)
MullAn (Mooltau)
Nfigpur (Nagpore)
Nasik
Oomrawiittce (see Amaravati . .
1 The longitude of the Madras Observatory, which, forma the basis of the Indian Geographical surveys, has been lald\
corrected to 80° 14' 51".
-' Sahel Mahet is not on the Survey of India map. The particulars are taken from the Imperial Gazetteer.
With the correction noted iu note 1 above ( — 3' 39") the longitude of li.jjain comes to 75° 46' 6".
THK HIMH CM I:NDAR.
TABLE XII.
(See Art». 53 U'
l.f the
til l-\ I'll r e\ele
of
Samvatsara of
the t «el \i-\earcycle
of the meai
ton.
MrUIl-sigll of J»|litlT
by :
mean longitude.
item
l.f IllC
60-yrar eylr
of
SamvaN.cra of
thr (\\cl\r-\ rar r\clr
of tli
systi'in.
i-sign of Jupiter
by his
mean IIMILT
Jupiter.
spending to
sivh-year e\ele N|'
he samvatsara of the
the mean-sipi Mslc-in
Jupiter.
t'lirropniidiiiir t»
siity-yi'ar
he samvatiara .if
•il »\»trlll.
1
2
3
1
2
3
1 Prabhava
11 Kumbha
3! IK-m:tlamba. . . .
II MA^ha
.. Siiiiha.
•i Vililmvii
6 BhAdrapada
1^ Mina
lamba.
12 PhAlguna . .
f> kama
iUa
33 VikArin
1 Chaitra . . .
7 T.
s kArltika
2 Vrishabha
rnri
2 VaisAkha.
8 Vrischika
'.1 Margasirsha
3 Mitbuua
3.". 1'lava
3 Jvi-shtba . . .
inns
|0 I'aiisha
1 karka
3fi Siibhakrit
4 AsluMha
Id Makara
1 1 MA"ha
5 Siiiiha
37 Siilihann
S IthAvil
12 PhAli'uua
6 K
3s ki'odhin
6 BhAdrapada .
12 Mina
!l Vuvaii
1 rhaitra
7 Tula.
3!) Vi.^vAvasu
7 Asviua
1 Mesha.
1(1 DhAtri
2 Vaisukha
8 VrKchika
40 Parabhava
8 KArttika
2 Vrisln!'
•. 'ira
41 Plavauga
9 MArgasirsha . . .
12 BahudhAnya.
4 Askfi'lha . ...
111 \lak.-ira
42 kilaka
10 Pausha
4 Karka
13 I'nunrilhin.
43 Saumya .
11 MAgha
li Vikrama
6 BhAdrapada . .
12 Mina.
44 Sadharana
12 PhAlguna
6 kan\a.
15 Vrisha
1 \lesha
ruilhakrit
1 Chaitra
7 Toll
Hi Chitrabliitmi
8 Karttika ....
40 ParidhAvin
2 Vaisulcha. . .
8 Vrischika
17 Subhauu
9 MArgaslrsha . .
47 PramAdin
3 Jycshtha
9 Dhanua
18 Tflrana
10 I'ausha
4 Karka.
is \ uauda
4 Ashadha.
10 Makara.
19 Pflrtliiva
II Might
5 Siihha
49 Rikshasa
20 Vvava
12 PhAl"nna
6 KanyA
50 Anala
6 BhAdrapada
12 Mina
-1 Sarvajit
1 Chaitra
7 TnlA
51' Pingala
1 Mraha
~2 Sarvidhorin
2 Vaisaklia
8 Vrischika
52 K'daMikta
8 KArttika
2 Vrishabha
23 Viroilhiu
3 Jycibtha
53 SiddhArtiu
9 MArga»!r»ha . . .
3 Milhuua.
LH Yikrifa
t \HhAillia
10 Makara
10 Pausha
4 Karka
L'"i Kliara
5 SrAvaya . . .
11 MAgha
26 Nandana
6 Bhmlrapada..
12 Mtna
"ill Dundubhi
12 PhAlguna .
1! kauj-a.
27 Vijava
^i~i UtulbirodgArin.
7 'i
28 Jaya
S kArttika
2 Vrishabha
58 KaktAksba
2 Vais8kha
8 Vrii'hika
~!l M;Linn;ilh;i..
3 Jyishtha
'.' Dhanus
80 Durmiiklia
1(1 I'auslia .
(iO Kshaya
4 Aahfiilha
Hi Makara
N.I!, i. The samvatsara ami sipu (mis. 2. 3.) correspond to the samvatsara in col. 1 only when the latter is t«k
the samvatsara of the mn:,/-si;/>i (Northern) 00-year e.ycle (Table I., col. 7).
N.I!, ii. Jupiter's sign by his apparent longitude is either the same, as or the next preceding, or the next succeeding
his iiiean-siLjii. Thus, in Prabhava Jupiter stands in mean Kumbha, «lien be. may have been either in apparent Makara,
Kumbha, or \lina.
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE XIII.
(The follomng Tulle for finding the day of the week far nay date from A.T). 300 to 2300 has been
rvi.KXUAK FOR THE YEARS FROM A.D. 300 TO 2300.
!„, Dr. Eunjess.)
300
400
500
600
700
Sill)
900
3 ~
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1800
i
1700
1800
—
—
—
—
—
1500
1600
1700
1800
«'>-.
—
1900
2000
—
2100
—
2200
52J Sn
G *
c
E
Odd Years of the Centuries.
0
28
56
84
GF
AG
BA
CB
DC
ED
FE
1
29
57
85
E
F
G
A
B
C
1)
2
M
58
86
1)
E
F
G
A
B
C
3
31
59
87
C
1)
E
F
G
A
B
1
32
60
88
BA
CB
DC
ED
FE
GF
AG
5
88
61
89
G
A
B
C
D
E
F
(i
84
62
90
F
G
A
B
C
D
F
7
35
63
91
E
F
G
A
B
C
1)
8
36
64
92
DC
ED
FE
GF
AG
BA
CB
9
37
65
93
B
C
D
E
F
G
A
10
38
66
94
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
11
89
67
95
G
A
B
C
D
E
F
12
40
68
96
FE
GF
AG
BA
CB
DC
ED
18
41
69
97
D
E
F
G
A
i;
C
14
42
70
98
C
D
E
F
G
A
B
15
43
71
99
B
C
1)
E
F
G
A
16
44
72
AG
BA
CB
DC
ED
FE
GF
17
45
73
—
F
G
A
B
C
1)
E
18
46
74
— .
E
F
G
A
B
C
D
19
47
75
—
D
E
F
G
A
B
C
20
48
76
—
CB
DC
FI)
PE
OF
AG
BA
21
111
77
—
A
B
C
D
E
t
G
22
50
78
—
G
A
B
C
D
E
F
23
51
79
—
F
G
A
B
C
I)
F
24
52
80
—
ED
FE
GF
AG
JiA
CB
DC
25
58
81
—
C
D
K
F
G
A
B
26
54
82
—
B
C
D
E
F
G
A
27
56
83
—
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Fur the years 1500, 1700, £c. (N.S.) which are not leap years, the Dominical letters are given in this Hue.
A
G
F
E
J)
c
B
D
o
B
\
(J
j,'
E
April July
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
May
B
A
G
F
E
D
C
E
D
c
B
A
G
!••
August.
c
B
A
G
F
E
j)
September December
F
E
D
c
B
\
Q
1
8
15
22
29
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
fi Fri.
(1 Sat.
2
9
16
23
30
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
4 Weil.
5 Thur.
f. Fri.
0 Sat.
1 Sun.
8
10
17
24
31
3 Tues.
4 \\i-d.
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
0 Sat.
] Sun.
2 Moil.
4
11
IS
25
—
4 Wed.
B Thur.
6 Fri.
0 Sat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
5
12
19
26
—
5 Thur.
6 Fri.
0 Sat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Turs.
4 Wed.
6
18
20
27
—
6 Fri.
0 Sat.
1 Sun.
2 Mon.
3 Tues.
1 \W,I.
5 Tlmr.
7
14
2!
28
—
0 Sat.
1 Sun.
2 MOIL
:{ Tllrs.
4 Wed.
5 Thur.
fi Fri.
l.uok out for the century in the head of the Table, and the odd years in the left hand columns; and in the corresponding
column and line is the Dominical letter. Thus for 1893 N.S. the Dominical letter is found to he A.
In the 2nd Table find the month, and in line with it the same Dominical letter, in the same column with which are the
days of the week c:mTi-,|icniding to the days of the month on the left. Thus, for July 1893, we find, in line with Juh . A
(in the last column), and in the column below Saturday corresponds to the 1st, 8th, IHth, i-c. of the month, Suii.lny to 2nd, 9th'. &c.
When there are two letters together it is a leap year and the first Inter serves for January and February, the second for thr
rest (if the year. Thus, for A.D. 600, the Dominical letters are CB, and 29th February is found with C to be Monday
1st March is found with B to be Tuesday.
< III/ .Iff. I I'.'./
10. Miikara. \l
11 Kniiiliha, I'lmL'una
12. trn
T;.i (Tun.)
\h'l-l .T;|.
li. MiikillMMi, 'I'iii.
1. Kuinbhiim, MA-i.
*> Miu.-iui. I';mi;uui.
Miikiii-am.
li. Klllllli:
7. M:
—
5
i;
12
13
19
2ii
26
•-'7
—
4
5
11
12
18
19
25
ill
—
2
1
9
Id
16
17
23
SO
1
2
—
7
U
21
88
—
6
13
27
—
4
11
18
26
__
1
s
16
22
29
—
7
M
21
28
—
5
LI
19
<4
i
9
16
M
—
J
s
15
—
6
IS
I'd
27
5
8
10
17
M
—
2
'.i
16
28
—
7
14
21
i
11
18
N
—
3
Ki
17
—
1
1
18
M
—
i Deo. i i
Dec. 18 Per 2.'i
hin. 1
Jan. 8
.hiii. 8
.Inn. K>
Jan 22
Jan. 29
Feb. 5
Feb. 6
Feb. 12
Feb. 26
Mar. 5
Mar 11
Marl 3
12
19
2li
i
9
9
10
2:'
30
6
6
18
20
6
U
14
i 13
80
27
8
10
10
17
31
7
7
1!
21
I
15
11
•.'1
28
4
11
11
li
M
Feb. 1
8
8
1.-
22
.Mar 1
I
u
16
15
2£
29
5
U
12
I'.i
21
2
9
9
16
28
.
9
16
17
18
28
30
li
13
13
20
27
3
10
10
17
24
3
|l
17
18
17
24
31
7
14
11
8]
28
4
11
11
18
2.-. 4
'11
1^
19
18
25
Jan. 1
8
15
15
29
5
12
12
19
2(1 5
12
19
20
19
M
2
9
16
1(1
23
81
6
13
13
20
27
6
13
2(
21
20
27
3
10
17
17
31
7
14
14
21
28
7
14
21
22
21
28
4
11
18
18
25
8
15
16
22
KIT. I
8
li
23
22
29
5
12
19
19
26
t
'.i
16
16
28
2
9
It
21
24
•'
80
6
13
20
20
1
to
17
17
24
3
H
17
24
25
:;i
7
14
21
21
88
4
18
18
26
4
11
18
M
26
25
J
8
15
a
22
29
5
12
in
19
26
5
12
19
26
27
26
•2
9
16
23
23
30
li
13
20
20
•21
6
is
20
27
28
;
3
17
24
24
31
7
II
21
21
28
7
14
28
29
s 2s
4
11
18
25
I'Yb 1
8
15
Mai-. 1
8
15
22
29
:?o
'.I 211
5
12
19
26
26
2
9
23
•2
»
16
30
31
(i ::o
6
13
27
27
3
10
17
24
24
3
10
17
24
31
V 1
31
7
14
21
28
28
4
11
18
25
25
4
11
18
V|ir. 1
2
1 Ian. 1
8
15
29
29
5
12
19
28
26
5
12
19
26
2
3
9
16
23
30
30
6
13
20
27
27
6
13
20
27
8
4
8
10
17
M
31
31
7
I i
21
28
'7
14
21
28
4
5
4
11
28
Feb. 1
Feb. 1
8
15
Mar. 1
Mar. 1
8
15
29
5
6
.") 5
12
19
2
2
9
16
2
2
9
16
23
30
6
7
6
13
27
3
3
10
17
24
3
3
10
17
21
31
7
8
; 7
14
21
88
4
4
11
18
25
4
4
11
18
\|>r. 1
8
9
8
15
29
5
5
12
19
26
5
5
12
19
S
9
10
9
1C,
30
6
6
13
27
6
6
13
20
3
10
11
10
17
24
31
7
7
14
28
7
7
14
2]
28
4
11
12
1 11
18
it
Feb. 1
8
15
Mar. 1
8
8
15
5
12
13
2 12
19
2
9
8
16
23
2
9
9
16
23
30
6
13
14
3 13
2(1
3
10
10
17
10
10
17
31
7
14
15
14
g]
28
4
11
11
18
28
4
11
11
18
Apr. 1
8
15
16
22
29
5
12
12
26
5
a
• 12
19
26
2
9
16
17
6 16
23
6
13
18
20
6
18
18
3
17
IS
7 17
2t
81
7
14
21
28
It
14
21
28
4
11
18
19
s IS
Feb. 1
N
15
15
22
\liir. 1
8
16
15
22
29
5
19
2O
H 1 1)
2fi
2
g
10
1C,
88
9
in
16
23
30
•
18
20
21
(hi
li-
CXX1V
icen Hindu fie correctnets it required, proceed by Art. 139J
Can.) r
el. Can.)
11. M&gha (Tel. Can.)
12. Ph&lguna (Tel. Can.)
u)
(Tnlu.)
11. May! (Tu u.)
12. Suggi (Tulu.)
Ashftdha
rishna.
11. MAgha
krishpa.
11. Milgha 12. Ph&lgnna
sukla. krishpa.
12. Phalguna
sukla.
1. C hail i-a
krishpa.
\ 13th Month in intercalary years.
i
m
5. MAgha
5. I'lu'iUrimii
'„)
NevAr.)
(S. Vikrama. Nevfir.)
•* \ ikraina. NevAr.)
Kriahpa.
Krishpa.
Sukla.
Krishpa.
Sukla.
Krishpa.
Sukla.
krUhpa.
4
11
7
4«r30
—
7
14
6
13
—
5
12
4
11
—
4
11
8
10
5
12
8
—
Su. 1
8
15
7
14
—
6
13
5
12
—
5
12
4
11
13
9
—
2
9
Kr.l
8
30
—
7
14
6
13
—
6
IS
6
12
7
14
10
—
3
10
2
9
—
Su. 1
8
15
7
14or30
—
7
14
6
13
g
30
11
—
4
11
3
10
—
2
9
Kr.l
8
—
Su. 1
8
15
7
14
9
12
—
5
12
4
11
—
3
10
2
9
—
2
9
Kr.l
8
30
0
—
13
—
6
13
5
12
—
4
11
3
10
—
8
10
2
9
—
ifnv 1 1
Nov. 30
Dec. 7
Dec. 7
Dec. 14
)ec. 21
Dec. 28
Jan. 4
Jan. 4
Jan. 11
Jan. 18
Jan. 25
Feb. 1
Feb. 1
Feb. 8
Feb. 15
Feb. 22
Mar. 1
y 4
5
12
Dec. 1
8
8
15
22
29
5
5
12
19
26
2
2
9
16
2
g
11
2
9
9
16
23
30
6
6
13
20
27
1
8
10
17
24
1
7
11
3
10
10
17
24
31
7
7
14
21
28
4
4
11
18
25
4
8
15
4
11
11
18
25
Jan. 1
8
8
15
22
N
5
5
12
19
26
5
9
16
5
12
12
19
26
2
9
9
16
23
30
1
6
13
20
27
6
17
6
13
13
20
27
3
10
10
17
24
31
7
7
14
21
28
7
11
1
7
14
14
21
M
4
11
11
18
25
Feb. 1
s
8
15
22
Mar. 1
8
1
8
15
15
22
29
5
12
12
19
26
2
1
9
16
23
2
9
L8
2
9
16
16
23
30
6
13
13
20
27
3
10
10
17
24
S
10
\ t
21
10
17
17
24
31
7
14
14
21
28
4
11
11
18
25
4
11
IS
22
11
18
18
25
Jan. 1
8
15
15
22
29
5
12
12
19
26
5
12
16
U
12
19
19
26
2
9
16
16
23
30
6
13
13
20
27
6
IS
17
13
20
20
27
3
10
17
17
24
31
7
H
14
21
28
7
U
18
M
14
21
21
28
4
11
18
18
25
Feb. 1
8
15
15
22
Mar. 1
8
15
u
2«
15
22
22
29
5
12
19
19
26
2
9
16
16
23
2
9
16
21
2r
16
23
23
SO
6
13
20
20
27
3
10
17
17
24
3
10
17
21
2!
17
24
24
31
7
14
21
21
28
4
11
18
18
25
4
11
18
22
2<
18
25
25
Jan. 1
8
15
22
22
29
5
12
19
19
26
5
12
19
2
1
19
26
26
2
9
16
23
23
30
6
13
20
20
27
6
13
20
2
g
20
27
27
3
10
17
24
24
31
1
14
21
21
28
'
14
u
2
klU.
21
28
28
4
11
18
25
25
Feb. 1
8
15
22
22
Mar. 1
8
15
22
U
29
29
i
12
19
26
26
1
9
16
23
23
2
9
16
M
23
30
30
6
13
20
27
27
g
10
17
24
24
3
10
17
24
9
24
31
31
7
14
21
28
28
4
11
18
25
25
4
11
18
25
i
0
; 25
Jan.
Jau.
8
15
n
29
29
5
12
19
26
26
5
12
19
26
5
i 26
j
•_
9
16
23
30
30
0
13
20
27
27
6
13
20
27
5
27
|
;
10
17
24
31
31
7
14
21
28
28
7
14
21
28
a.
, 28
4
11
11
25
Feb. 1
Feb. 1
8
15
22
Mar. 1
Mar. 1
8
15
M
29
| 29
5
12
19
26
2
.
c
16
23
2
(
9
16
23
30
]
i 30
i
13
20
87
|
j
10
17
24
1
i
10
17
24
31
i 31
*
r
1
21
28
4
11
4
11
18
Apr. 1
[It is not safe to use this Table unless all the bases of calculation, of tin: </ii:t
XTA MONTHS OF CHAITRADI YEARS
1. CHAITRA (Tel. Can.)
2. Vaisiikha (Tel. Can.)
3. Jyeshtha (Tel. Ci
beginning with Chaitra Sukla
ahrathi Tel. Can.), °r P«g8» (Tula.)
1. PAGOI- (TuUi.)
2. Besfi (Tula.)
3. Kartelu (Tula.
MASTA MONTHS OF CHAITRADI YEARS
1. ('MAURA 2. Vaiifikha
i
2. Vaisfikha 3. Jyeshtha
3. Jyeshtha 4. A
beginning with Chaitrn Sukln
SUKLA. krislnia.
Mikla. krishna.
Mikla. kri
)haitrAdi Vikrama) (Beng. Samvat.)
N'TA MONTHS OF KAKTTIKADI YEARS
6. Chaitra
7. Vaisiikha
8. Jyeshtlia.
kcirinnin.ir with Karttika Sukla
(S. Vikrama. Nevftr.)
(S. Vikrama. Ncvfir.)
(S. Vikrama. Nevfir.)
(S. Vikrama. Xevftr
234
5
6 0
Sukla. Krishna.
Sukla.
Krishna
Sukla.
I
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thur.
Fri.
Sat.
Su. 1
8
15
7
14
6
13
5
12
5
12
4
Tues.
Wed.
Thur.
Fri.
Sat.
Sun.
2
9
Kr.l
8
30
—
7
14
6
13
—
fi
18
5
Wed.
Thur.
Fri.
Sat.
Sun.
Mon.
3
10
2
9
— .
Su. 1
8
15
7
14:01-30
7
14
6
Thur.
Fri.
Sat.
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
4
11
3
10
—
2
9
Kr.l
8
—
Su. 1
8
15
7
Fri.
Sat.
Sun.
Mem.
Tues.
Wed.
5
12
4
11
—
3
10
2
9
—
2
9
Krl
8
Sat.
Su 11.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thur.
6
13
5
12
—
4
11
3
10
3
10
2
9
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thur
Fri.
7
14
6
13
—
5
12
4
11
—
4
11
3
10
(2) (3)
(4) (5) (6) (7)
—
—
—
—
—
—
Mar .18
Mar.20
Mar 27
Apr. 3
Apr. 10
Apr. 10
Apr. 17
Apr. 24
May 1
Mav S
May 8
Ma\ i:
Mav 22
May
Mar. 13
—
—
—
—
—
14
21
28
4
11
11
IS
25
2
9
9
If.
' 23
14
Mar.13
—
—
—
—
15
22
29
5
12
12
19
26
3
10
10
17
24
15
14
Mar. 13
—
—
—
16
28
30
6
13
13
20
27
4
11
11
U
Jun.
16
15
14
Mar.13
—
—
17
24
81
7
14
14
21
28
5
12
12
LI
26
17
16
15
14
Mar.13
18
25
Apr. 1
8
15
15
22
29
fi
13
13
20
27
18
17
16
15
14
Miir.13
19
2fi
2
9
16
16
23
30
7
14
14
2)
28
19
18
17
16
15
11.
20
27
3
10
17
17
24
Mav 1
8
15
15
22
29
20
19
18
17
IB
15
2]
28
4
11
18
18
25
2
9
16
16
BC
30
21
20
19
is
17
16
22
29
5
12
19
19
26
3
10
17
17
31
•2-2
21
20
19
18
17
23
30
6
13
20
211
27
I
11
18
is
2ti
Jim. 1
28
22
21
20
19
18
24
31
7
14
21
21
28
1
12
19
19
2fi
2
24
28
22
21
20
19
25
Apr. 1
8
15
22
22
29
f
13
20
20
2;
3
28
it
23
22
21
2i
86
•2
9
16
23
23
30
7
14
21
21
4
26
25
24
23
22
21
27
3
10
17
24
24
May 1
8
15
22
22
29
5
27
26
25
24
23
22
28
4
11
18
25
2i
a
9
16
23
28
30
fi
28
27
21;
25
24
23
29
5
12
19
26
26
8
10
17
24
24
a
7
29
28
27
26
25
•>i
30
6
13
20
27
27
4
11
18
25
25
Jim. 1
8
30
29
28
27
26
25
81
7
14
21
28
28
5
12
19
26
26
2
'.I
31
30
29
28
27
21-
Apr. 1
8
15
22
29
29
6
13
20
27
27
a
10
Apr. I
31
30
29
Js
27
2
9
16
23
30
30
7
14
21
28
28
4
11
%
Apr. 1
31
30
29
28
3
10
17
24
Miiy 1
May 1
8
15
22
29
29
5
12
8
2
Apr. 1
SI
30
M
4
11
is
25
i
' 2
9
16
23
30
30
\
13
l
3
2
Apr. 1
31
8(
5
12
19
26
£
3
10
17
24
31
31
7
14
5
4
3
2
Apr. 1
31
fi
13
20
27
4
4
11
18
25
Jun. 1
Jun. 1
8
15
6
5
4
8
•2
Apr. 1
7
14
21
28
5
5
12
19
26
2
2
11
16
7
6
5
4
3
2
8
15
22
29
fi
6
13
20
27
3
3
10
17
8
7
6
5
4
a
9
16
23
30
7
7
14
21
28
4
4
11
18
9
8
7
6
5
4
10
17
24
May 1
8
8
15
22
29
5
12
19
10
9
8
7
fl
R
11
18
25
2
9
9
16
23
30
C
6
i:i
20
11
10
9
8
7
fl
12
19
26
3
10
10
17
24
31
7
7
H
21
12
11
10
'.)
8
7
13
20
27
4
11
11
18
21
Jim. 1
s
8
15
22
18
12
11
10
fi
a
14
21
2S
5
12
12
19
2(
2
c
9
M
23
14
13
12
11
10
<)
15
22
29
6
13
13
20
27
3
10
10
IT
24
Jill.
II
13
12
11
10
16
23
80
7
14
14
21
28
4
11
11
18
25
—
15
U
13
12
11
17
24
May 1
8
15
15
22
21
5
12
12
ij
26
Till-. HINDI' CALENDAR.
TABLE XV. DO
KIIK CliNVKKMo.V <>l A HINDI 1,1 M-Sn].\lt 1).\TK I -1,'KKSl'ON hlNT, IMTK A.I).
' t it lie. linrnc in mind Ihitt the rrxnlt, us ftiiiinl j'r,,,,, this I ( though nftri, often tcrom
4 Wi.i.llw O'cl. Can.)
5. Sravaim (Tel. Can.)
6. li!i;'hlr!i|i;i< ii (T.<|. C^^U
7. Asvina (Tel. Can.
4 Ati (Tn u.)
5 Sm,a iTlllu.)
11. Nirnala (Tula.) I
7. Bontelu (Tulu )
4. Ashfti.llia
5. SrAvaiia
6. Bhadrapiulii
6. Hhmlrapuila 7. i.ifim
7. \ s. KS
»ukla. krishua.
lukla
kl i.-llMII
-ukla. bUy^!
krisl
9. AM,//,,,
10. Sniraaa.
•
11. liluidrapada I
1 2. A'tvina
(S. Vikrama. Nvvilr.)
(S. Vikraiim. Ncvar.)
(S. Vikraiim. Nrrar)l
(S. Vikr.
Suklu.
KrUliiKi.
Sukla.
Krishna.
Suklt.
K'iikvi.
Sukla.
Kr
—
1
ID
2
9
2
9
Krl
8
30
7
14
6
ia
6
18
5
—
1
11
3
10
—
8
10
2
9
—
Su 1
8
15
7
—
7
14
6
—
5
12
4
11
—
4
11
3
10
—
2
9
Kr.l
8
_
Su. 1
s
15
7
—
g
18
5
12
—
5
12
4
11
—
8
10
2
9
2
9
Kr.l
8
—
7
14
6
13
—
6
13
5
12
—
4
n
3
10
8
10
2
9
Sn. 1
B
IB
7
14» r30
—
7
14
6
13
—
5
12
4
11
4
11
3
10
2
9
Kr.l
8
—
Su. 1
8
15
7
14
—
6
13
5
12
_
5
12
4
11
luu. 5
Jim. 12
18
Jim. 19
20
Jim. 2ti
87
Jill. 3
1
lul. 3
4
Jul. 10
11
Jul 17
18
Jul. 21
28
Jul. 31
Auir. 1
Aug. 7
s
Aug. 7
8
Aug. 14
15
Ang. 21
22
fatJ
•
Si-p. 1
5
Sep. 11
12
Sep. 18
19
s,-],. 2
2
7
H
21
28
5
12
19
88
2
9
9
16
2:t
1
e
R
18
20
2
B
It
23
29
8
(i
18
20
27
8
10
10
17
84
\
t
7
14
21
2
'.i
1C.
28
:in
7
7
14
21
4
11
11
18
25
Sep. 1
-
8
15
22
2
Id
17
24
Jul. 1
s
8
22
29
5
12
12
19
21
1
9
9
16
23
8
11
18
21
2
!)
9
16
88
30
8
18
13
20
.i
in
10
tt
21
Oct.
Li
19
88
8
Ill
10
17
24
31
7
14
14
21
88
1
11
11
is
18
27
4
11
11
is
25
Ang. 1
s
15
15
22
29
.i
12
12
19
26
14
21
B
12
IS
19
88
' •>
9
16
16
28
80
8
13
18
20
27
15
IS
89
8
18
18
20
27
8
10
17
17
24
81
7
14
21
U
16
:in
7
1 i
U
21
28
4
11
Is
18
25
Sep. 1
S
15
22
29
1?
84
!ul. 1
B
15
15
22
29
5
12
19
19
20
2
9
16
88
30
18
28
2
9
111
16
23
30
6
18
20
20
27
8
0
r
17
84
Oct. 1
IB
8
in
17
17
24
31
7
14
21
21
88
4
1
is
25
2
80
87
4
11
IS
is
Aug. i
8
15
22
22
29
5
2
11
19
26
3
1
81
28
5
12
lit
19
2fl
2
9
in
23
88
30
6
S
2<
27
4
1
29
6
18
20
20
27
8
10
17
24
24
31
7
4
2
21
88
5
1
30
7
14
21
21
4
11
is
25
25
Sep. 1
s
5
22
22
29
n
.nil. i
8
15
22
22
29
12
19
26
88
2
9
:6
28
30
7
88
8
9
16
28
88
30
8
13
20
27
27
8
10
7
24
Oct. 1
8
8
10
17
84
24
31
7
U
21
28
28
4
11
.8
25
2
9
4
11
18
25
25
Aug. 1
s
15
22
29
29
5
12
»
86
3
10
5
12
19
26
88
2
'.i
16
23
30
80
t!
18
1
87
27
4
11
1
8
18
20
27
27
3
4
10
17
24
31
31
7
14
-1
28
5
12
1
80
7
14
21
28
28
11
18
25
Sep. 1
Sep. 1
8
.'i
29
6
13
.
Jul. 1
8
It
22
29
29
5
12
19
2
2
9
16
.'3
91
80
7
14
L
I
9
16
28
30
80
6
18
20
27
8
8
17
1
8
15
2
1
10
17
24
31
g]
7
1 t
21
28
4
4
11
18
.'5
2
9
16
2
4
11
18
25
tag. 1
Vn_-. 1
8
15
2'.)
5
5
12
1
3
10
17
2
.-,
12
19
26
2
2
9
16
23
:(ii
(i
6
13
17
4
11
is
2
«
18
20
27
8
8
10
17
24
81
n
t
7
14
21
I
5
12
19
2
7
14
21
28
l
4
11
is
25
S,-,,. 1
8
8
15
22
.'9
6
13
2
8
15
22
29
B
B
12
2
9
9
16
23
10
7
14
21
0
1
16
23
30
8
6
13
20
27
8
10
10
17
24
Oct. 1
8
15
22
2
LO
17
24
31
7
7
14
21
4
11
11
18
25
2
LI
9
16
23 3
HINDU CALENDAR.
XV. rOYIMMiKD.)
BATE INTO THK COKKBSPONDING DATE A.D. AND VICE-VERSA.
(I from this Tabk •'• •"//' often correct, is often wrong by one day, occasionally by two days. This variation is unavoidable in an eye-table. Wh
difulrapada (Tel. CY
7. Asvina (Tel. Can.)
8. Karttika (Tel. Can.)
9. Miirgaslrsha (Tel. Can.)
10.
. Niruiila (Tuju.)
7. Bontelu (Tulu.)
8. Jarde (Tuju.)
9. Perfirde (Tu]u.)
10
rapada 7. A
7. Asvina 8. Karttika
8. Karttika 9. Margasirsha
9. Margasirsha 10. Pausha
10. Pa
o- krWr.:
sukla. krishna.
sukla. krishna.
sukla. krishna.
sukli
11. fihddrapada
12. Asvina
1. KARTTIKA
2. Margasirsha
. Vikrama. Nevar)
(S. Vikrama. Nevar.)
(S. Vikrama. Nevar.)
(S. Vikrama. Nevar.)
(S
kla.
^Hishna.
Sukla.
Krishna.
Sukla. Krishna.
Suklii.
Krishna.
Si
7
14
6 13
_
6
13
5
12
4
11
3
1O
—
3
10
2
9
Su. 1
8
IS
7 14. u-30
7
14,
6
13
—
5
12
4
11
—
4
11
3
10
2
9
xr.i
8
_
Su. 1
8
15
7
14
—
«
13
5
12
—
5
12
4
11
3
0
2
9
2
9
Kr.l
8
30
—
7
14
6
13
—
6
13
5
12
4
1
3
10
3
10
2
9
.
Su. 1
8
15
7
14or30
. — .
7
14
6
13
5
2
4
11
_
4
11
3
10
2
9
Kr.l
8
—
Su. 1
8
15
7
14
8
8
5
12
—
5
12
4
11
—
3
10
2
e
—
2
9
Kr.l
8
30
7
-.1
1
Aug. 21
22
Aug.2-
Sep. 4
5
Sep. 4
5
Sep. 11
12
Sep. 18
19
Sep. 25
26
Oct. 2
3
Oct. 2
3
Oct. 9
10
Oct. 16
17
Oct. 23
24
Oc-t. 30
31
Oct. 30
31
Nov. 6
7
Nov. 13
14
Nov. 20
21
Nov. 27
28
Dec. 4
5
1)1
1
23
si
6
6
13
20
27
4
4
11
18
25
Nov. 1
Nov. 1
8
15
22
29
6
1
24
•l
7
7
14
21
, 28
5
5
12
19
26
•2
2
9
16
23
30
7
1
eg
Sep. 1
8
8
15
22
29
6
6
13
20
27
3
3
10
17
24
Dec. 1
8
19
26 jji
9
9
16
23
30
7
7
14
21
28
4
4
11
18
25
2
9
20
27 Ju
10
10
17
24
Oct. 1
8
8
15
22
29
5
5
12
19
26
g
10
21
•4
11
11
18
25
2
9
9
16
23
30
6
6
13
20
27
4
11
•2:
29 yr>
12
12
19
26
3
10
10
17
24
31
7
7
14
21
28
5
12
•2:
30 •«
13
13
20
27
4
11
11
18
25
Nov. 1
8
8
15
22
29
6
13
24
81 .(|7
14
14
21
28
5
12
12
19
26
2
9
9
16
23
30
7
14
25
Sep. 1 Hs
15
15
22
29
6
18
13
20
27
3
10
10
17
24
Dec. 1
8
15
•2t
2 m
16
16
23
30
7
14
14
21
28
4
11
11
18
25
2
9
16
•27
3 in
17
17
24
Oct. 1
8
15
15
22
29
5
12
12
19
26
3
10
17
28
4 1
18
18
25
2
9
18
16
23
30
6
13
13
20
27
4
11
18
21
5 1-.'
19
19
26
3
10
17
17
24
31
7
14
14
21
28
5
12
19
80
6 ]:!
20
20
27
4
11
18
18
25
Nov. 1
8
15
15
2i
29
6
13
20
31
7 Ml
2]
21
28
5
12
19
19
26
2
9
16
18
23
30
7
14
21
1
8 ];,
22
22
29
8
13
20
20
27
3
10
17
17
24
Dec. 1
8
15
22
o
9 l,i
23
23
30
7
14
21
21
28
4
11
18
18
25
2
9
16
23
10 •?
24
24
Oct. 1
8
15
22
22
29
5
12
19
19
26
3
10
17
~4I
4
11
•s
25
25
2
9
16
23
28
80
6
13
20
20
27
4
11
18
25 li.
5
12
111
26
26
3
10
17
24
24
31
7
14
21
21
28
5
12
19
21) I
li
13
•o
27
27
4
11
18
25
25
Nov. 1
8
15
22
22
29
6
13
20
27J
7
14
I1
28
28
5
12
19
28
26
2
9
18
28
23
30
7
14
21
8
15
«
29
29
6
13
20
27
27
3
10
17
24
24
Dec. 1
8
15
22
""' 1
9
16
•3
30
30
7
14
21
28
28
4
11
18
25
25
2
9
16
23
10
17
•4
Oct. 1
Oct. 1
8
15
22
29
29
5
li
10
26
28
3
10
17
24
3:1
11
18
•o
2
2
9
16
23
31
30
6
13
20
27
27
4
11
18
25
Jan. :
12
19
Eli
3
3
10
17
24
31
31
7
14
21
28
28
5
12
19
26
I
18
20
',-
4
4
11
18
25
Nov. 1
Nov. 1
8
15
22
29
29
6
13
20
27
14
15
Hi
21
22
23
1
6
7
R
f
7
12
13
14
19
20
21
26
27
28
1
4
2
3
4
9
10
11
18
17
18
23
24
25
30
Dec. 1
2
30
Dec. 1
2
7
8
9
14
15
16
21
22
23
28
29
30
17
24
Oct. 1
8
8
15
22
29
i
5
12
19
26
8
3
10
17
24
31
IS
25
2
9
9
16
23
30
*
6
13
20
27
4
4
11
18
25
Jan. 1
]
hi
' an.)
11. v Can.)
12. PhallCUIIII 1
'. Uti lulu.)
11. Mil}! l.Tulu.)
12. Su-.-Ki (Tuju.)
0. Pill
11. U
11. Mflithii 12. I'lialiruna
12 J'haliruim 1. Chaitra
13ih Muiith in intcmliry yi-ir..
1' 01.
krishmi.
Mikla. kn-hiia.
1 I'auslia
5. MAghn
5. Phalpiui.
Urania. Ni \
(S. Vikrnnia. V
s \ kran
K n->(ui:i.
Sukla. Krishna.
Sukla.
Krishna.
Sukla.
Kn.tnil.
Tl3
"7
14..1-30
7
14
6
13
5
12
4
11
—
4
11
3
10
III.
L
Q
—
Su. 1
8
LI
7
14
—
a
L8
5
12
—
5
12
4
11
1 2
e
2
»
Kr.l 8
30
—
7
U
6
13
—
8
18
5
12
3
10
3
10
2 B
Su. 1
8
15
7
14"r30
—
7
14
6
13
4
11
4
11
3 1O
—
g
8
Krl
8
—
Su. 1
8
15
7
14
5
12
12
4 11
—
8
10
2
9
—
9
Krl
8
30
6
13
—
6
13
5 12
—
4
11
3
10
—
3
10
2
9
—
18
Jim. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 8
Inn K,
lun 22
Jan. 29
Feb. 5
Feb. 12
Feb. 19
Feb. 26
Mar. 5
Mar. 12
Mir. 19
in
M
g
2
9
16
23
80
80
a
20
27
6
13
20
27
27
8
1
10
17
24
81
31
7
11
21
M
28
7
14
21
88
21
i
4
11
25
Feb. 1
Feb. 1
8
15
M.r. 1
Mar. 1
8
15
22
2'.i
2i
29
5
12
19
26
1
2
9
Ifi
2.'f
2
2
9
16
80
80
f,
6
18
20
27
3
3
10
17
1
10
17
81
24
81
7
7
14
21
28
4
4
11
4
4
11
18
Apr 1
Jan. 1
B
s
15
22
i
5
12
M
3
5
12
19
2
HO
2
'.i
9
1C,
88
(
6
13
80
1
6
LI
20
8
i
27
3
lu
10
17
21
31
i
7
14
21
7
7
14
21
i
i
i
11
11
18
M
Feb. 1
8
8
15
22
Mir. 1
s
8
15
:>
';'
29
5
U
19
26
2
9
9
16
88
2
1
9
16
23
M
6
IS
6
ia
U
2ii
27
a
10
10
17
8
10
10
17
81
7
:i
7
14
u
21
4
n
11
18
t
11
11
18
Apr. 1
s
!,i I;.-,
1
8
LI
LI
22
29
5
12
12
19
28
12
12
19
26
g
X
L'
g
16
16
2:i
30
g
U
18
20
27
t
13
11
20
27
:t
10
•r,
KI
17
17
21
81
7
14
U
7
1 1
14
21
n
is
4
n
is
is
Feb. 1
-
15
U
Mar. 1
s
LI
15
22
29
12
i'J
5
12
111
111
2
9
16
1C,
U
2
9
16
16
30
6
(I
;-::i
6
ia
8
Hi
17
M
:;
10
17
17
21
31
7
14
:)i
1
14
n
21
4
11
is
is
4
11
is
is
Apr 1
-
1
8
22
Mi
80
5
12
19
19
2f
I
12
19
19
26
9
11
2
g
Id
u
88
80
6
L8
21
21
8
L8
20
20
27
•
10
17
|
ID
17
•.M
M
81
7
u
21
21
2s
7
14
21
21
28
11
is
1
11
is
25
l-Vb. 1
8
LI
.)•_
22
.Mar. 1
8
LI
22
22
29
5
1!
19
5
[i
tt
M
2
9
16
2:
n
2
9
16
M
1
U
,
i:(
80
87
27
8
10
17
2
M
3
10
17
24
2!
81
*
14
21
2]
If
88
4
11
21
4
11
U
Apr. 1
8
II
21
12
19
21
5
18
19
21!
2
9
K
l«
21! 30
6
13
20
87
27
6
13
20
27
27
3
10
17
1
10
81
7
U
21
2s
7
14
21
-
U
11
is
11
[8
Feb. 1
Feb. 1
8
11
22
Mar.
Mar 1
8
11
29
12
19
11
0
i'J
26
i
g
9
16
n
•_
1
'.
16
23
30
(
LI
•>n
n
:i
1
U
17
1
U
17
2;
n
81
1
14
21
-
tv
21
4
11
is
M
4
11
18
II
Apr. 1
Apr. 1
15
ag
1
12
19
5
U
19
.
'.
w is requirt
Tel. Can.)
a (Tulu.)
11. M
krislmit.
islui
. NYvrllM
Kris
111:1.
7
14or30
1 8
—
S'
. 9
—
1 10
—
[ll
—
Il3
—
ec. 25 Jim.
26
27
28
29
30
:il
1
•>
3
t
r.
6
7
/•//A MUffAMMADAN CALENDAR.
TA I5U<: XVI.
INITIAL D.US (U Ml IIAMM \D.\N VKAItS OF TIIK III.IKA
A-: ""•
N.B.
/„ II,
•'''•
•H^M^^BW
liijra
Comllleliei 1"- ;. oil'.
Iliji-i,
— — — ^— — —
Ciimmtnermeiit nf III.'
liijra
! tin- \ernr.
r- v
FMkdk)
Dati- A. I"
Weekday.
Dat.- A.D.
year. v
ViTkdnj .
LD,
1
2
Fri,
IBM.
Sun.
, Thura.
! Mon.
) Sat.
1. Wed.
J Mon.
(i Fri.
i Tm->.
1 Sun.
5 Thurs.
2 Mon.
(1 S:il.
•t Wed
1 SHU.
C. Fri
8 Tins
1 Sun.
:i Thnrs.
I Moil
I S;ii.
I Wed.
1 Sun.
C> I'ri.
3 Tues.
1 Sun.
5 Tluirs.
2 M"ii.
U Sat.
4 Weil.
1 Sun.
C, Fri.
3 Tues.
(1 Siit.
5 Thurs
•_' Mon.
3
1
2
W«i
Sun.
, I'ri.
! Tues.
1 Sat.
) Thurs.
1 Mou.
Ii Kri.
t Wed.
1 Sun.
6 Kri.
8 Tne-i.
0 Sat.
5 Thur-i.
2 Mini.
0 Fri.
1 \\,,l.
1 Sun.
6 Fri.
Sal.
5 Thurs.
Ifoa
6 Fri.
1 \Ynl.
1 Sun.
5 Thurs.
3 Tues.
0 Sat.
5 Thurs.
2 Mon.
G Fri.
4 Wed.
1 Sun.
5 Thurs
3 Tne».
3
._ ^ —
1
2
3
~
2 May 694 (11
•i\ Apr. 6H5 (114)
10 Apr. 6911* (101)
:;o Mar. 697 (89
20 Mar. 698 (79
'.. Mar. 699 (68
26 Feb. 700
15 IVb. 701 (*
i, 702
24 Jan. 703 '
14 Jan. 704* (14)
2 Jan. 705 (2|
23 Dee. 705 1357)
\-< Do U6)
1 Dec. 707 (885
20 Nov. 71
9 Nov. 709 (8W
let. 710 (802)
19 Get. 711
7 Get. 712* (281
20 Sep. 713 (269
16 Sep. 71 1
5 Sep. 1
25 Aug. 716'
1 1 Aug. 717
3 Aug. 718 (81
24 July 719 i
12 July 720*
1 .luly 721 M-
21 June 722
10 June 723 (161)
May 72V* (150)
HI Ma> 725 (189)
s May 726
28 Apr. 727
16 Apr.
5 Apr. 729 (95
__ — — — — ^—
1 I
*2 :
;
•8
a
*7
8
;i
*Ki
11
Li
'13
1 i
15
»10
17
*1S
1!)
20
*21
22
•28
•84
XT,
*2G
i?
2*
*2<J
80
81
*32
' :',:l
84
*35
36
•37
16 July 022 (197)
r, j,,)y 023 (180)
•i\ June 024* (170)
13 June 025 (164)
a .lime G2(i 1.153)
28 Maj 027 (1-13)
11 May B28* (132)
I \ii.j 02'.) (121)
ai) Apr. «30 (110)
'.I Apr. 031 (99)
29 Mar. 632* (89)
IS Mar. 033 (77)
7 Mar. 031 (86)
25 >VI;. 035 (56)
\\ Feb. 03(1* (45)
•i Feb. 037 (33)
23 .Ian. 038 (23)
VI .Ian. 0811 (12)
2 Jan. OKI* (2)
21 Dee. OKI* (850)
10 l).r. 041 (34V)
30 Nov. 01:.' (334)
19 Nov. 643
7 Nov. 044* (312)
2S Oct. 045 (301)
17 Oct. 646 (2!HI)
7 Oct. 647 (280)
25 Sep. 04S* (201I1
14 Sep. OW (2571
4 Sep. 650 (217)
24 Aug. 651 (236)
12 Aug. 052* (225)
2 Aug. 053 (214)
22 July 051 1,203)
11 July 055 (1!I2)
30 June 05ii* (1*2)
19 June 057 (170
3* <
39 4
•40 I
41 (
42 :
•43 (
44
45
•46
47
*4K
49
50
•51
52
53
*54
55
•56
57
58
*59
00
61
•68
64
•65
66
'67
68
69
*70
71
72
*73
74
9 June 058 (160)
•jll M,,y 05!) (149)
17 May 060* (138)
7 May Of,l
20 Apr. 662 (110)
15 Apr. 663 (105)
t Apr OIH* (95)
21 Mar. 665 (83)
13 Mar. 666 (72)
3 Mar. 667 (62)
;,„ F,l, (ills' (51)
It Feb. 069 (40)
m. 670 (29)
is j,m. 671 (18)
8 Jan. 672* (8)
27 Dee. 072* (362)
16 Dec. I7»
ii DM 074 (340)
25 Nov. 675 (329)
14 Nov. 676*
3 Nov. 677
28 (let. 07*
13 Oct. 679 (286)
1 Oct. 680*
20 Sep. 681 (263)
10 Sep. 682 (253)
30 Aug. 683 (242)
18 Aug. 684* (281,
8 Aug. 685
28 July 686 (209)
18 July 687 (199)
6 July 688' (188)
25 June 689 (176)
15 June 690 (166)
4 June 691 (155)
23 May 692* (1U
13 May 693 (1331
75 (
'76
77
•78
79
80
•81
82
S8
*84
It
•86
87
88
•89
90
91
*92
M
in
•95
96
»97
08
99
•100
101
102
'108
104
105
»106
107
»108
109
110
•111
-^— ^—
Sun.
\v,a
Mm,.
i Fri.
t We,!.
Sun.
•> '1'hiir-
) Sat.
t Wed.
2 MOM.
Ii Fri.
^ Wed.
1 Sun.
5 Thurs
0 Sat.
4 Wed.
2 Mou.
(i Fri.
3 Tues.
1 Sun.
5 Thurs.
3 Tucs.
0 Sat.
4 \\ed.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
:t Tile*.
1 Sun.
5 Thura.
2 Mon.
0 Sat.
I \\e,l.
2 Mon.
6 Fri.
3 Tu. -.
m~^^~^^
'I'll I'. I.VDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE XVI. (CONTINUED.)
INITIAL DAYS OF MUHAMMADAN YEARS OF THE HIJRA.
N.B. i. Asterisks indicate Leap-years.
ii. Up to Hijra 1165 inclusive, the A.D. dates are Old Style.
Hijra
year.
Commencement of the year.
Hijra
year.
Commencement of the year.
Hijra
year.
Commencement of the year.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
112
1 Sun.
26 Mar. 730 (85)
*149
1 Sun.
16 Feb. 766 (47)
186
2 Mon.
10 Jan. 802 (10)
118
5 Thurs.
15 Mar. 731 (74)
150
6 Fri.
6 Feb. 767 (37)
*187
6 Fri.
30 Dec. 802 (364)
•114
2 Mon.
3 Mar. 732* (63)
151
3 Tues.
26 Jan. 768* (26)
188
4 Wed.
20 Dec. 803 (354)
115
0 Sat.
21 Feb. 733 (52)
•152
0 Sat.
14 Jan. 769 (14)
189
1 Sun.
8 Dec. 804* (343)
*116
4 Wed.
10 Feb. 734 (41)
153
5 Thurs.
4 Jan. 770 (4)
*190
5 Thurs.
27 Nov. 805 (331)
117
2 Mon.
31 Jan. 735 (31)
154
2 Mon.
24 Dec. 770 (358)
191
3 Tues.
17 Nov. 806 (321)
118
6 Fri.
20 Jan. 736* (20)
*155
6 Fri.
13 Dec. 771 (347)
192
0 Sat.
6 Nov. 807 (310)
'119
3 Tues.
8 Jan. 737 (8)
156
4 Wed.
2 Dec. 772* (337)
*193
4 Wed.
25 Oct. 808* (299)
120
1 Sun.
29 Dec. 737 (363)
•157
1 Sun.
21 Nov. 773 (325)
194
2 Mon.
15 Oct. 809 (288)
121
5 Thurs.
18 Dec. 738 (352)
158
6 Fri.
11 Nov. 774 (315)
195
(i Fri.
4 Oct. 810 (277)
*122
2 MOD.
7 Dec. 739 (341)
159
3 Tues.
31 Oct. 775 (304)
*196
3 Tues.
23 Sep. 811 (266)
123
0 Sat.
26 Nov. 740* (331)
*160
0 Sat.
19 Oct. 776* (293)
197
1 Sun.
12 Sep. 812* (256)
124
4 Wed.
15 Nov. 741 (319)
161
5 Thurs.
9 Oct. 777 (282)
*198
5 Thnrs.
1 Sep. 813 (244)
*125
1 Sun.
4 Nov. 742 (308)
162
2 Mon.
28 Sep. 778 (271)
199
3 Tues.
22 Aug. 814 (234)
126
6 Fri.
25 Oct. 743 (298)
*163
6 Fri.
17 Sep. 779 (260)
200
0 Sat.
11 Aug. 815 (223)
*127
3 Tues.
13 Oct. 744* (287)
164
4 Wed.
6 Sep. 780* (250)
*201
4 Wed.
30 July 816* (212)
128
1 Sun.
3 Oct. 745 (276)
165
1 Sun.
26 Aug. 781 (238)
202
2 Mon.
20 July 817 (201)
129
5 Thurs.
22 Sep. 746 (265)
*166
5 Thnrs.
15 Aug. 782 (227)
203
(i h-i.
9 July 818 (190)
"130
2 Mon.
11 So*j 747 (254)
167
3 Tues.
5 Aug. 783 (217)
*204
3 Tues.
28 June 819 (179)
131
0 Sat.
31 Aug. 748* (244)
*168
0 Sat.
24 July 784* (206)
205
1 Sun.
17 June 820* (169)
132
4 Wed.
20 Aug. 749 (232)
169
5 Thurs.
14 July 785 (195)
*206
."> Thurs.
6 June 821 (157)
*133
1 Sun.
9 Aug. 750 (221)
170
2 Mon.
3 July 786 (184)
207
3 Tues.
•21 May 822 (147)
134
6 Fri.
30 July 751 (211)
*171
6 Fri.
22 June 787 (173)
208
ii Sat
16 May 823 (136)
135
3 Tues.
18 July 752* (200)
172
4 Wed.
11 June 788* (163)
*209
4 Wed.
4 May 824* (125)
*136
0 Sat.
7 July 753 (188)
173
1 Sun.
31 May 789 (151)
210
2 Mon.
24 Apr. 825 ' (114)
137
5 Thurs.
27 June 754 (178)
*174
5 Thurs.
20 May 790 (140)
211
6 Fri.
13 Apr. 826 (103)
*138
2 Mon.
16 June 755 (167)
175
3 Tues.
10 May 791 (130)
*212
3 Tues.
2 Apr. 827 (92)
139
0 Sat.
5 June 756* (157)
*176
0 Sat.
28 Apr. 792* (119)
213
1 Sun.
22 Mar. 828* (82)
140
4 Wed.
25 .May 757 (145)
177
5 Thurs.
18 Apr. 793 (108)
214
5 Thurs.
11 Mar. 829 (70)
*141
1 Sun.
14 May 758 (134)
178
2 Mon.
7 Apr. 794 (97)
*215
2 Mou.
28 Feb. 830 (59)
148
6 Fri.
4 May 759 (124)
*179
6 Fri.
27 Mar. 795 (86)
216
0 Sat.
18 Feb. 831 (49)
143
3 Tues.
22 Apr. 760* (113)
180
1 M'ed.
16 Mar. 796* (76)
*217
4 Wed.
7 Feb. 832* (38)
*144
0 Sat,
11 Apr. 761 (101)
181
1 Sun.
5 -Mar. 797 (64)
218
2 Mon
27 Jan. 833 (27)
145
5 Thurs.
1 Apr. 762 (91)
•182
5 Thurs.
22 Feb. 798 (53)
219
6 Fri.
16 Jan. 834 (16)
*146
2 Mon.
21 Mar. 763 (80)
183
3 Tues.
12 Feb. 799 (43)
*220
3 Tues.
5 Jan. 835 (5)
147
0 Sat.
10 Mar. 764* (70)
184
0 Sat.
1 Feb. 800* (32)
221
1 Sun.
26 Dec. 835 (360)
148
^^•MM^M
4 Wed.
27 Feb. 765 (68)
*185
4 Wed.
20 Jan. 801 (20)
222
) Thurs.
14 Dec. 836* (349)
Till' Ml IIAM.M.IDAX C.U./-:\/>AK.
TABLE X VI.
I \\VII
INITIAL DAYS OF MIIIAMM A DA N YF.AHS OF TIIK IIIJRA.
\.B. i. .l*te/-itks milicat'' L^iqi-ijfars,
\\. I'ji In llijnt llli.'i iae/nsire, tlir .1.1). il / Sty/,'.
llijr.-i
('omincniTiiicnl nl' tin- \ciir
llijra
( mmciiccmciit of the ye;ir.
Hijra
jreu
"ii-iimni'iit of tin
Date \.l>
Weekdiiy.
l)«tc All.
Weekday.
Date A.I).
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
'223
-J M..,I.
3 Dec. 837
260
:( Tut-..
27 Oct. S7H (300)
897
t \VY,I.
I'll Sep. 11(111
•2-21
II Sal
23 Nov. 838
*2(il
II SMI.
16 Oct. 874
1 Sun.
2-2r,
4 \Vc,l.
12 Nov. 839 (316)
Mi
5 Thurs.
r, Oct. 87B
5 Thurs.
21t An'.'. I'll
•226
1 Sun.
31 Oct. 840*
288
2 Mon.
•2\ s, p. s7(i-
800
3 Tues.
18 A
227
f, Fri.
21 Oct. Ml (294)
•264
fi Fri.
13 Sqi. 877
Kill
7 AUK. !H3
•22S
:i Tucs.
10 Oct. 842 ,
268
t Wr.l.
-.•!>. 878 (2 Id.
4 Wed.
27 Jul\ III I
229
1 Sun.
3d Sep. si;i (273)
•886
1 Sun.
23 An-. S7'.l (23.-II
2 Mon.
17 .luK '.Mr,
230
5 Tlmr-.
is Sep. S41* ,2(12]
267
6 Fri.
12 Aug. 880*
804
(i Fri.
r, July 11 If,'
•231
2 Mon.
7 Scii. st:' (25°)
268
3 Tues.
1 Au-. ssl
3 Tues.
24 .Innc 1117
282
II Sin.
28 Aug. 846 u'H'
•269
21 July 882 (202)
306
11 June HIS
2S3
I Weil.
17 Aug. SI7 .22'Ji
27(1
5 Thurs.
11 July ss:i (192)
*307
5 Thurs
3 June 919
*234
1 Sun.
5 Aug. 848* (218)
-'71
•2 Mon.
29 June 884* (181)
308
:! Tues.
23 Maj H20"
235
ti Fri.
26 July 849 (207)
*272
6 Fri.
18 June 885 (169)
309
12 Mav 921
*23(i
8 Tues.
15 July 850 (196)
273
1 \\eil.
8 Jnne 886 (159)
*310
4 Wed.
1 Max '.'-'-'
287
1 Sun
5 July 851 (186)
274
1 Sun.
28 May 887 (148)
111
2 Mnn.
21 Apr. 1123
288
5 Thurs.
23 June 852* (175)
*275
5 Thurs.
16 May 888* (137)
ail
li Fri.
9 Apr. 924* (100)
*23'.l
'2 \lou.
12 Juue 853 (163)
276
3 Tues.
6 May 889 (126)
•313
3 Tues
21) Mar. ll-T, (88)
240
(1 Sat.
2 June 854 (153)
*277
0 Sat
25 Apr. 890 (115)
814
1 Sun.
111 Mar. 926
241
1 \\Yil.
•2-2 Mii\ S55 (142)
278
5 Thurs.
15 Apr. 891 (105)
811
5 Thurs.
s Mar. 927 (67)
*242
1 Sun.
10 May 856* (131)
279
•2 Mon.
3 Apr. 892* (94)
•316
2 Mon.
2r, Feb. 928*
848
(i Fri.
30 Apr. 857 (120)
•880
6 Fri.
•2", M;n-. sun (82)
317
1 Sat.
14 Feb. 929
244
3 Tues.
19 Apr. 858 (109)
281
1 \Ve,l.
13 Mar. 894 (72)
*318
I \\c,l
3 Feb. 930 i3ti
•245
0 Sat.
8 Apr. 859 (98)
288
1 Sun.
•2 Mar. 895 (61)
319
2 Mon.
24 Jan. 931 (24)
240
5 Thurs.
2s Mar. 860* (88)
•283
5 Thurs.
19 Feb. 896« (50)
320
i Fri.
13 Jan. 932* (13)
*247
2 Mun.
17 Mar. 861 (76)
284
S Tues.
8 Feb. 897 (39)
*321
3 Tucs.
1 Jan. 933 (1)
248
0 Sat.
7 Mar. 862 (66)
285
0 Sat.
28 Jan. 898 (28)
322
1 Sun.
22 Dec. 1)33 (3.-,ii.
249
I Vol.
24 Feb. 863 (55)
*286
1 \Vc,l.
17 Jan. 899 (17)
323
5 Thurs.
11 Dec. 931.
'250
1 Sun.
13 Feb. 864* (44)
287
J Mon.
7 Jan. 900* (7)
*324
I Mon.
30 Nov. D3r,
251
6 Fri.
•2 Feb. 865 (33)
*288
6 Fri.
26 Dec. 900* (361)
325
0 Sat.
19 Nov. '.136*
252
3 Tucs.
22 Jan. 866 (22)
289
I W,'.l.
16 Dec. 901 (350)
*326
t Wed.
8 Nov. 937 (!
*253
0 S:ii.
11 Jan. 867 (11)
290
1 Sun.
5 Dec. 902
827
2 Mon.
29 Oct. 988 ,
25 J
r, Thur*.
1 Jan. 868* (1)
*291
•> Thurs.
24 Nov. 903 (328)
328
1 Fri.
18 Oct. 1)3!)
255
2 Mun.
20 Dec. 868* (355)
tat
18 Nov. 904* (318)
•329
3 Taes.
6 Oct. 940*
*25t>
(i Fri.
9 Dec. 869 (343)
•2m
0 Sat.
2 Nov. 905 (306)
330
1 Sun.
26 Sep. 941
267
4 Wed.
29 Nov. 870 (333)
*291
1 Weil.
22 Oct. 906 (295)
88]
5 Thurs.
15 S,-p. HI2
•258
1 Sun.
18 Nov. 871 (322)
291
•2 Mon.
12 Oct. 907 (285)
•332
> Mon.
4 Sep. Dt3
(i Fri.
7 Nov. 872* (312)
*29fi
ti Fri.
30 Sep. 908*
333
0 Sat.
^i Log.
cxxvni
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE XV J. (CONTINUED.)
INITIAL DAYS OF MUHAMMAD AN YEARS OP THE HIJRA.
N.B. i. Asterisks indicate Leap-years.
ii. lp tu llijra 1105 inclusive, the. A.D. dates are Old Style.
llijra
year.
('uinincncemciit of tin- uw.
llijra
year.
Commencement of the year.
llijra
year.
Commencement of the year.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
884
t Wed.
13 Aug. 945 (225)
371
5 Thurs.
7 July 981 (188)
*408
5 Thurs.
30 May 1017 (150)
*335
1 Sun.
2 Aug. 946 (214)
372
2 Mon.
26 June 982 (177)
409
3 Tues.
20 May 1018 (140)
336
6 Fri.
21! July 947 (204)
*373
6 Fri.
15 June 983 (166)
410
0 Sat.
9 May 1019 (129)
*337
3 Tues.
11 July 948* (193)
374
4 Wed.
4 June 984* (156}
*411
4 Wed.
27 Apr. 1020* (118)
338
1 Sun.
1 July 949 (182)
375
1 Sun.
24 May 985 (144)
412
2 Mon.
17 Apr. 1021 (107)
339
5 Thurs.
20 June 950 (171)
*376
5 Thurs.
13 May 986 (133)
413
6 Fri.
6 Apr. 1022 (96)
*340
•i MlHI.
9 June 951 (160)
377
3 Tues.
3 May 987 (123)
*414
3 Tuea.
26 Mar. 1023 (85)
341
0 Silt.
29 May 952* (150)
*378
0 Sat.
21 Apr. 988* (112)
415
1 Sun.
15 Mar. 1024* (75)
342
4 Wed.
18 May 953 (138)
379
5 Thurs.
11 Apr. 989 (101)
*416
5 Thurs.
4 Mar. 1025 (63)
*343
1 Sun.
7 May 954 (127)
380
-1 Mon.
31 Mar. 990 (90)
417
3 Tues.
22 Feb. 1026 (53)
344
6 Fri.
27 Apr. 955 (117)
*381
6 Fri.
20 Mar 991 (79)
418
0 Sat.
11 Feb. 1027 (42)
345
3 Tues.
15 Apr. 956* (106)
382
4 Wed.
9 Mar. 992* (69)
*419
t Wed.
31 Jan. 1028* (31)
*346
0 Sat,
4 Apr. 957 (94)
383
1 Sun.
26 Feb. 993 (57)
420
2 Mon.
20 Jan. 1029 (20)
347
5 Thurs.
25 Mar. 958 (84)
*384
5 Thurs.
15 Feb. 994 (46)
421
6 Fri.
9 Jan. 1030 (9)
*348
2 Mon.
14 Mar. 959 (73)
385
3 Tues.
5 Feb. 995 (36)
*422
3 Tues.
29 Dec. 1030 (3fi3)
349
0 Sat.
3 Mar. 960* (63)
*386
0 Sat.
25 Jan. 996* (25)
423
1 Sun.
19 Dee. 1031 (353)
350
4 Wed.
20 Feb. 961 (51)
387
5 Thurs.
14 Jan. 997 (14)
424
5 Thurs.
7 Dec. 1032* (342)
*351
1 Sun.
9 Feb. 962 (40)
388
2 Mon.
3 Jan. 998 (3)
*425
2 Mon.
26 Nov. 1033 (330)
352
6 Fri.
30 Jan. 963 (30)
*389
6 Fri.
23 Dec. 998 (357)
426
0 Sat.
16 Nov. 1034 (320)
353
3 Tues.
19 Jan. 964* (19)
390
4 Wed.
13 Dec. 999 (347)
*427
4 Wed.
5 Nov. 1035 (309)
•354
0 Sat.
7 Jan. 965 (7)
391
1 Sun.
1 Dec. 1000* (336)
428
2 Mon.
25 Oct. 1036* (29!))
BSE
5 Thurs.
28 Dec. 965 (362)
*392
5 Thurs.
20 Nov. 1001 (324)
429
6 Fri.
14 Oct. 1037 (287)
*356
2 Mon.
17 Dec. 966 (351)
393
3 Tues.
10 Nov. 1002 (314)
*430
3 Tues.
3 Oct. 1038 (276)
357
0 Sat.
7 Dec. 967 (341)
394
0 Sat.
30 Oct. 1003 (303)
431
1 Sun.
23 Sep. 1039 (266)
358
4 Wed.
25 Nov. 968* (330)
*395
4 Wed.
18 Oct. 1004* (292)
432
5 Thurs.
11 Sep. 1040* (255)
*359
1 Sun.
14 Nov. 969 (318)
396
2 Mon.
8 Oct. 1005 (281)
*433
2 Mon.
31 Aug. 1041 (243)
360
6 Fri.
4 Nov. 970 (308)
*397
6 Fri.
27 Sep. 1006 (270)
434
0 Sat.
21 Aug. 1042 (233)
861
3 Tues.
24 Oct. 971 (297)
398
4 Wed.
17 Sep. 1007 (260)
435
4 Wed.
10 Aug. 1043 (222)
*362
0 Sat.
12 Oct. 972* (286)
399
1 Sun.
5 Sep. 1008* (249)
*436
1 Sun.
29 July 1044* (211)
363
5 Thurs.
2 Oct. 973 (275)
*400
5 Thurs.
25 Aug. 1009 (237)
437
6 Fri.
19 July 1045 (200)
364
2 Mon.
21 Sep. 974 (264)
401
3 Tues.
15 Aug. 1010 (227)
*438
3 Tues.
8 July 1046 (189)
*365
6 Fri.
10 Sep. 975 (253)
402
0 Sat
4 Aug. 1011 (216)
439
1 Sun.
28 June 1047 (179)
366
4 Wed.
30 Aug. 976* (243)
*403
4 Wed.
23 July 1012* (205)
440
5 Thurs.
16 June 1048* (168)
*367
1 Sun.
19 Aug. 977 (231)
404
2 Mon.
13 July 1013 (194)
*44l
2 Mon.
5 June 1049 (156)
368
6 Fri.
9 Aug. 978 (221)
405
G Fri.
2 July 1014 (183)
442
0 Sat.
26 May 1050 (146)
369
3 Tues.
29 July 979 (210)
*406
3 Tues.
21 June 1015 (172)
443
4 Wed.
15 May 1051 (135)
*370
0 Sat.
17 July 980* (199)
407
1 Sun.
10 June 1016* (162)
*444
1 Sun.
3 May 1052* (124)
/•///• Ml II \\IM.\liA.\ CALENDAR.
TA liL K X V I. (OONT1NTOD.)
IMTIU, |)A\^ 01 Ml IIAMMADAN UiAliS (II TIIK III.IRA
N K. i. Attcr'ukx iniliciilr Leap-ijearf.
ii. I III',.-) inclutice, the A.l>. (lairs an- nl,i
llljra
( 'nmmrtHTiiii'iit nl" 1 hr \ rar
llijni
year.
( 'iimmcnrrlllrllt "f ihl' \ rar.
1 1 ij ra
year.
Weekday.
Hat. A II.
Weekday.
Date \ Ii
Weekday.
Date AH
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
8
Ml
6 Fri.
23 Apr. 1053 (113)
•482
i Fri.
If, Mar. 108U (75)
519
0 Sat.
7 Feb. 1125
3 Tucs.
12 Apr. 1051 (102)
Ml
I Wed.
ii Mar. 1090 (65)
•520
I Wed
27 Jan. 112(1 (27)
117
Sun.
2 Apr. 1055 (92)
484
1 Sun.
23 Keb. 1091 (54)
521
2 Mon.
17 Jan. 1127 (17)
> 'I'liurs.
21 Mar. 1056* (81)
5 Thurs.
12 Feb. 1092* (43)
522
i Fri
6 Jan. 1128* (6)
•449
1 Mon.
111 Mar. 1057 (69)
486
i Tut*.
1 Feb. 1093 (32)
•523
3 Tues.
25 Dec. 1128* (3(10)
28 Feb. 1058 (59)
*487
21 Jan. 1094
5M
1 Sun.
15 Her. 1I2!I (I
151
t Wed.
17 Feb. 1059 (IS)
488
5 Thurs.
11 Jan. 1095 (11)
") Thurs.
•I Dec. 1130 (1 -
•452
1 Sun.
6 Feb. 1060» (37)
489
i, Mon.
31 !>,•••. 10!) 5
•526
2 Mon.
23 Nov. 1131 (327)
(58
6 Fri.
26 Jan. lOfil (26)
•490
6 Fri.
19 Dec. 1096* (354)
527
0 Sat.
12 Nov. 1132* (317)
•1.5 \
t Tucs.
15 Jan. 1062 (15)
491
4 Wed.
9 Dec. 1097 (343)
•528
I \\nl.
1 Nov. 1133 (305)
•455
0 Sat.
4 Jan. 1063 (4)
492
1 Sun.
2S Nov. 1098 (33:i)
•2 Mon.
22 Oct. 1134 (295)
156
5 Thurs.
25 Dec. 1063 (359)
•493
5 Thurs.
17 Nov. 1099 (321)
530
0 Fri.
11 Oct. 1135 (2Mi
•457
1 Mon.
13 Dec. 1064* (1
494
3 Tues.
6 Nov. 1100* (311)
•531
3 Tues.
29 Sep. 1136* (273)
458
) Sat.
3 Dec. 1065 (837)
495
0 Sat.
26 Oct. 1101 (299)
532
1 Sun.
19 Sep. 1137 U
!• Weil.
22 Nov. 1066 (326)
•496
1 \\Y,1.
15 Oct. 1102 (288)
533
5 Thurs.
8 Sep. 1138 (251)
*460
1 Sun.
11 Nov. 1067 (315)
497
2 Mon.
5 Oct. 1103 (278)
*534
2 Mon
28 Aug. 1139 (-
461
G Fri.
31 Oct. 1068* (305)
•498
6 Fri.
23 Sep. 1104* (267)
535
0 Sat.
17 Aug. 1140* (L
8 Tues.
20 Oct. 1069 (293)
499
4 Wed.
13 Sep 1105 (256)
*536
t Wed.
6 Aug. 1141 (2 IS)
•488
) Sat.
9 Oct. 1070 (2S2)
500
1 Sun.
2 Sep. 1106 (245)
537
2 MOD.
27 July 1142 (
164
5 Thurs.
2!» Sep. 1071 (272)
•501
5 Thurs.
12 Aug. 1107 (234)
6 Fri.
16 July 1143 (197)
465
i Mon.
17 Sep. 1072* (2C.1)
502
3 Tues.
11 Aug. 1108* (224)
•539
3 Tue».
4 July 1144* (186)
*466
6 Fri
6 Sep. 1073 (249)
503
0 Sat.
31 July lld'.l i2!2i
540
1 Sun.
24 June 1145 (175)
467
t \w.i.
27 Aug. 1074
•504
I Wed.
20 July 1110 (201)
541
5 Thnrs.
13 June 1146 (I'.i
•468
1 Sllll.
16 Aug. 1075 (228)
505
2 Mon.
10 July 1111 (191)
*542
2 Mon.
2 June 1147 (153)
169
i Fri*
5 Aug. 1076* (218)
*506
6 Fri.
28 June 1112* (180)
543
0 Sat.
22 May 1148* (143)
170
3 Tues.
25 July 1077 (206)
:,i)7
t Wnl.
IS June 1113 (169)
544
4 Wed.
11 May 1149 (131)
•471
II Siit.
14 July 1078 (195)
508
1 Sun.
7 June 1114 (158)
•545
1 Sun.
30 Apr. 1150 (120)
472
5 Thurs.
4 July 1079 (185)
•509
5 Thurs.
27 May 1115 (147)
546
6 Fri.
20 Apr. 1151 (110)
173
- MUM
22 .lune 1080* (174)
510
3 Tucs.
16 May 1116 (137)
•547
3 Tnes.
8 Apr. 1152* (99)
•474
6 Fri.
11 June 1081 (1(52)
511
0 Sat.
5 May 1117 (125)
548
1 San.
29 Mar. 1153 (88)
175
4 Wed.
1 June 1082 (152)
•512
4 Wed.
it Apr. 1118 (114)
549
5 Thnrs.
18 Mar. 1154 (77)
•478
1 Sun.
21 May 1083 (141)
513
2 Mon.
14 Apr. 1119 (104)
•550
2 Mon.
7 Mar. 1155 (66)
477
(i Fri.
10 -May 1084* (131)
514
6 Fri.
2 Apr. 1120* (93)
551
0 Sat.
25 Feb. 1156*
478
3 Toes.
29 Apr. 1085 (119)
*515
3 Tues.
22 Mar. 1121 (81)
552
4 Wed.
13 Feb. 1157
•478
0 Sat,
18 Apr. 1086 (108)
516
1 Sun.
12 Mar. 1122 (71)
•553
1 Sun.
•2 Feb. 1158 (33)
1
180
5 Thurs.
8 Apr. 1087 (98)
•517
5 Thurs.
1 Mar. 1123 (60)
554
6 Fri.
23 Jan. 1159
tsl
2 Moil.
27 Mnr. 1088* (87)
518
3 Tues.
19 Feb. 1121* (50)
3 Tues.
12 Jan. 1160* (12)
cxxx
THE INDIAN CM.l-:\ n.lR.
TABLE XVI. (CONTINUE...)
INITIAL DAYS OF MUHAMMADAN YEARS OF THE HIJRA
N.U. i. Asterisks indicate Leap-years.
ii. l'ii to llijra 1165 inclusive, the A.D. dates are Old
llijra
year.
Commencement of the \rar.
llijra
year.
Commencement of the year.
Hijra
year.
Commencement of the jear.
Weekday.
Date A.I).
Weekday.
Date A.D.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
•556
0 Sat.
31 Dec. 1160* (366)
593
1 Sun.
24 Nov. 1196* (329)
630
2 Mon.
18 Oct. 1232* (2112)
557
5 Thurs.
21 Dec. 1161 (355)
*594
5 Thurs.
13 Nov. 1197 (317)
631
6 Fri.
7 Oct. 1233 (2 so)
*558
2 Mon.
10 Dec. 1162 (344)
595
3 Tues.
3 Nov. 1198 (307)
*632
3 Tiu-s.
26 Sep. 1234 (269)
559
0 Sat.
30 Nov. 1163 (334)
*596
0 Sat.
23 Oct. 1199 (296)
633
1 Sun.
16 Sep. 1235 (259)
560
4 Wed.
18 Nov. 1164* (323)
597
5 Thurs.
12 Oct. 1200* (286)
634
5 Thurs.
4 Sep. 1236* (248)
*561
1 Sun.
7 Nov. 1165 (311)
598
•2 Mon.
1 Oct. 1201 (274)
*635
2 Mon.
24 Aug. 1237 (236)
562
6 Fri.
28 Oct. 1166 (301)
*599
6 Fri.
20 Sep. 1202 (263)
636
0 Sat.
14 Aug. 1238 (226)
568
3 Tues.
17 Oct. 1167 (290)
600
-t Wed.
10 Sep. 1203 (253)
*637
4 Wed.
3 Aug. 1239 (215)
*6M
0 Sat.
5 Oct. 116S* (279)
601
1 Sun.
29 Aug. 1204* (242)
638
•2 Mon.
23 July 1240* (2i)5)
565
5 Thurs.
25 Sep. 1169 (268)
*602
5 Thurs.
18 Aug. 1205 (230)
639
6 Fri.
12 July 1241 (193)
*566
2 MOB.
14 Sep. 1170 (257)
603
3 Tues.
8 Aug. 1206 (220)
*640
3 Tues.
1 July 1242 (182)
567
0 Sat,
4 Sep. 1171 (247)
604
0 Sat.
28 July 1207 (209)
641
1 Sun.
21 June 1243 (172)
568
4 Wed.
23 Aug. 1172* (236)
*605
4 Wed.
Ifi July 1208* (198)
642
5 Thurs.
9 June 1244* (161)
•B68
1 Sun.
12 Aug. 1173 (2it)
606
•2 Mon.
6 July 1209 (187)
*643
2 Mon.
29 May 1245 (149)
570
6 Fri.
2 Aug. 1174 (214)
*607
6 Fri.
25 June 1210 (176)
644
0 Sat.
19 May 1246 (139)
571
3 Tues.
22 July 1175 (203)
608
4 Wed.
15 June 1211 (166)
645
4 Wed.
s May 1247 (128)
*572
0 Sal.
10 July 1176* (192)
609
1 Sun.
3 June 1212* (155)
*646
1 Sun.
26 Apr. 1248* (117)
573
5 Thurs.
30 June 1177 (181)
*610
5 Thurs.
23 May 1213 (143)
647
6 Fri.
16 Apr. 1249 (inr,)
574
2 Mon.
19 June 1178 (170)
611
3 Tues.
13 May 1214 (133)
*648
3 Tues.
5 Apr. 1250 (95)
*575
6 Fri.
8 June 1179 (159)
612
0 Sat.
2 May 1215 (122)
649
1 Sim.
26 Mar. 1251 (85)
576
4 Wed.
28 May 1180* (149)
*613
4 Wed.
20 Apr. 1216* (111)
650
5 Thurs.
14 Mar. 1252* (74)
•577
1 SUB.
17 May 1181 (137)
614
2 Mon.
10 Apr. 1217 (100)
*651
2 Mon.
3 Mar. 1253 (62)
578
6 Frii
7 May 1182 (127)
615
6 Fri.
30 Mar. 1218 (89)
652
0 Sat.
21 Feb. 1254 (52)
:,?'.)
3 Tues.
26 Apr. 1183 (116)
*616
3 Tues.
19 Mar. 1219 (78)
653
t Wed.
10 Eel). 1255 (41)
*580
0 Sat.
14 Apr. 1184* (105)
617
1 Sun.
8 Mar. 1220* (68)
*65i
1 Sun.
30 *i. 1256* (30)
581
5 Thurs.
4 Apr. 1185 (94)
*618
5 Tliurs.
25 Feb. 1221 (56)
655
6 Fri.
19 Jan. 1257 (19)
582
2 Mem.
24 Mar. 1186 (83)
619
3 Tues.
15 Feb. 1222 (46)
*656
3 Tues.
8 Jan. 1258 (S)
*583
6 Fri.
13 Mar. 1187 (72)
Ii20
) Sal.
4 Feb. 1223 (35)
G57
1 Sun.
29 Dec. 1258 (3(13)
584
4 Wed.
2 Mar. 1188* (62)
•621
4 Wed.
24 Jan. 1224* (24)
658
5 Thurs.
18 Dec. 1259 (352)
585
. Sun.
19 Feb. 1189 (50)
622
2 Mon.
13 Jan. 1225 (13)
*659
2 Mou.
6 Dee. 1260* (3U)
*586
5 Thurs.
8 Feb. 1190 (39)
688
6 Fri.
2 Jan. 122fi (2)
660
) Sat.
26 Nov. 1261 (3:lih
587
3 Tues.
29 Jan. 1191 (29)
*624
3 Tues.
22 Dec. 1226 (356)
661
1 Wed.
15 Nov. 1202 (319i
*588
I Sat.
18 Jan. 1192* (18)
835
1 Sun.
12 Dec. 1227 (346)
*662
1 Sun.
4 Nov. 1263 (308)
589
~> Tliur».
7 Jan. 1193 (7)
*626
5 Thurs.
30 Nov. 1228* (335)
663
i Fri.
24 Oct. 1264* (2!)S)
590
2 Mon.
27 Dee. 1193 (3(11)
(127
3 Tues.
20 Nov. 1229 (324)
664
3 Tues.
13 Oct. 1265 (286)
•891
6 Fri.
16 Dec. 1194 (350)
628
) Sat.
9 Nov. 1230 (313)
*665
0 Sat.
2 Oct. 1266 (275)
592
t Wed.
6 Dec. 1195 (340)
*629
4 Wed.
29 Oct. 1231 (302)
666
"> Thurs.
22 Sep. 1267 (265)
THE .\irif.\M.M.\n.\\ CALENDAR.
TABLE XVI. (CONTWUBD.)
INITIAL DAYS (II .\ini\M.M \lt.\\ YEARS OF Till: II1JRA.
N.K. i. Asterisks indicate Leaf-years.
ii ' t/tr, the A.T). dates are 0/</
llijru
of till: yrar.
llijra
Commi uiTim-ut
Hijra
year.
( "iiiiiii nivim MI n|' tin- jear
Date A.D.
Weekday.
Date A. II
Date A.I).
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
*667
L1 Mull.
•••p. 12I.S* (251)
704
3 Tues.
4 Aug. 1304* (217)
•741
27 June 1340*
668
0 Silt.
ill Aui;. I2f,'.l (21U)
705
0 Sat.
2t July 1305 (205)
712
1 Sun.
17 June 1311 (168)
4 Wed.
20 Aug. 1270 (232)
*706
4 Wed.
13 July 1306 (194)
741
5 Thurs.
6 JUIH- 1312 (157)
•670
1 Sun.
9 Aug. 1271 (221)
707
2 .\luii.
3 July 1307 (184)
•744
2 MM,,.
21! May 1313
671
6 Fri.
29 July 1272* (211)
*708
0 Fri.
21 June 1808* (173)
745
0 Sat.
15 May 1344* (136)
672
3 Tues.
18 July 1273 (199)
709
t \Y,-,1.
11 June 1309 (Ki2)
•746
4 Wed.
4 May 1315
"673
0 Sat.
7 July 1271 (188)
710
1 Sun.
31 May 1310 (151)
747
2 Mon
24 Apr. 1346 (111)
r>?l
5 'I'luirs.
27 June 1275 (178)
•711
5 Thurs.
20 May 1311 (140)
748
ti Fri.
13 Apr. l:U7
678
2 Mini.
15 June 1276' (1(17)
712
3 Tues.
9 May 1312* (130.1
*749
3 Tues.
1 Apr. 1348* (92)
»876
(i Fri.
1 June 1277 (155)
713
0 Sat.
28 Apr. 1313 (118)
750
1 Sun.
22 Mar. 13111
677
1 \Vc,l.
25 -May 1278 (1 to)
*714
1 Wed.
17 Apr. 1314 (107)
751
5 Thurs.
11 Mar. 135(1
1 Sun.
14 May 127!) (131)
715
2 Mon.
7 Apr. 1315 (97)
•752
2 M,,n.
28 Feb. 1351 (5!»j
(i I'd.
3 May 1280* (124)
*716
6 Kri.
2(1 Mar. 1316* (86)
753
II Siit.
18 Feb. 1352* (49)
880
3 Tucs.
22 A]>r. 12S1 (112)
717
4 \\e,l.
16 Mar. 1317 (75)
7M
4 Wed.
i! Feb. 1353 (37)
*681
0 Sal.
11 Apr. 12S2 (101)
718
1 Sun.
I Mar. 1318
*75J
1 Sun.
21! .Ian. 1354 (26)
5 'I'liurs.
1 Apr. 12S3 (91)
•719
5 Thnrs.
22 Feb. 1319 (53)
766
6 Fri.
16 Jan. 1355 (16)
888
2 Mon.
20 Mar 1284* (80)
780
3 Tues.
12 Feb. 1320* (t:ii
•757
3 Tues.
5 Jan. 1356* (5)
*681
6 Fri.
!l Mar. 1285 (68)
721
31 Jan. 1321 (31)
768
1 Sun.
25 Dec. 1356* (360)
685
1 YYcil.
.•b. 1280 (58)
*722
t \Ye.l.
2n Jiiu. 1322 (20)
759
5 Thurs.
14 Dec. 1357 (318)
1 Sun.
16 Feb. 12S7 (V?)
723
2 Mnn.
10 Jan. 1323 (10)
2 Mon.
3 Dec. 1358 .
Ii I'd.
C Feb. 1288* (37)
721
ti Fri.
30 Dec. 1323
761
0 Sat.
23 Nov. 1359
688
3 Tues.
25 Jiin. 12MI (25)
*725
3 Tues.
18 Dec. 1324* (353)
76S
4 \Ved.
11 Nov. 1360* (3 If.)
14 Jan. 1290 (11)
726
1 Sun.
8 Dec. 1325 (342)
•763
1 Sun.
31 Oct. 1361 (301,
690
5 Thuja.
4 Jan. 121(1 (4)
*727
5 Tnurs.
27 Nov. 1326 (331)
764
ti Fri.
21 Oct. 1362 (291)
2 Mon.
21 I)IT. 121(1 (35S)
728
17 Nov. 1327 (321)
3 Tues.
10 Oct. 1363 (283)
*692
1! Fri.
12 Dec. 1292* (317)
729
0 Sat.
5 Nov. 1328* (310i
*766
0 Sat.
28 Sep. 1364* (272)
693
1. YYctl.
2 Dec-. 12113 (336)
•730
4 Weil.
25 Oct. 1329 (298)
767
5 Thurs.
18 Sep. 1365 (261)
694
1 Sun.
21 N'.PV. 12111 (325)
731
2 Mon.
15 Oct. 1330 (288)
•768
2 Mon.
7 Sep. 1366 (250)
*695
5 Thurs.
III Nov. 121(5 (31 1)
732
(I Fri.
1 ( >rt. 1331 (277)
769
0 Sat.
28 Aug. 1367 (240)
696
30 Oel. 1
*733
3 TUPS.
22 Sep. 1332* (266)
770
t \Y,-,1
16 Aug. 1368* (229)
•697
0 Sat.
19 Oct. 1297 (2112)
731
1 Sun.
12 Sep. 1333 (255)
*771
1 Sun.
5 Aug. 1369 (217)
698
"> Thurs.
9 Oct. 121IS (2S2)
735
5 Thurs.
1 Sep. 1331 (244)
772
6 Fri.
26 July 1370 (207)
699
i1 Mon.
28 Sep. 12111) (271)
*736
2 Mon.
21 An*. 1335 (233)
773
15 July 1371 (I'Jfi)
•700
I', Kri.
16 Sep. 1300* (260)
737
0 Sat.
10 Aug. 1336* (223,
•774
0 Sat.
3 July 1372* (185)
701
i \\Vii.
r, Sen. inoi (2 ni)
t \\cii.
30 July 1337 (211)
775
i Thurs.
23 June 1373 (174i
702
1 Sun.
302 (238)
789
2 Mon.
20 July 1338 (201)
*776
-' Mn,,.
12 June 13? t (163)
*703
5 Tlmr>.
IT. Aug. 1303 (22?)
740
C Fri.
9 July 1339 (190)
777
0 Sat.
2 June 1375 (153)
cxxxu
Till: I \DI.-\N CAI. l:\nAR.
TABLE XVI. (CONTINUED.)
INITIAL DAYS OF MUHAMMADAN YEA US OF THK 1I1.IKA.
N.B. i. Asterisks int/icccli- Lrit/i-w'arx.
ii. Up tu llijru 1165 iiiclusii',; tln> .I.D. dates are Old V//A-.
Hijra
year.
('onimi'ucemeiil of lh<' year.
l.Iijra
year.
( 'oimiieneemflil of the \ ear.
llijra
year.
1
Commencement of the, year.
Weekday.
Dale A.I).
Wcrkclav .
Dale A.!).
Weekday.
Date A .11.
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
778
I. \\Y,1.
21 May 1376* (142)
*815
i \\.-d.
13 Apr. 1412* (104)
852
5 Thurs.
7 Mar. 1448* (67)
*779
I Sun.
10 May 1377 (130)
816
2 Mon.
3 Apr. 1413 (93)
*853
•2 Mon.
24 Feb. 1449 (55)
780
6 Fri.
30 Apr. 1378 (120)
*817
6 Fri.
23 Mar. 1414 (82)
854
0 Sat.
14 Feb. 1450 (45)
781
A Tllrs.
19 Apr. 1379 (109)
818
t Wrd.
l:! Mar. 1415 (72)
855
4 Wed.
3 Feb. 1451 (34)
*782
1 S;:l
7 Apr. 1380* (98)
819
1 Sun.
1 Mar. 1416* (61)
*856
1 Sun.
23 Jan. 1452* (23)
783
5 Thurs.
28 Mar. 1381 (87)
*820
5 Tliurs.
18. Feb. 1417 (49)
857
0 Fri.
12 Jan. 1453 (12)
78-1
2 Mon.
17 Mar. 1382 (76)
821
3 Tues.
8 Feb. 1418 (39)
*858
3 Tuts.
1 Jan. 1454 (1)
*7S5
8 Fri.
6 Mar. 1383 (6:,)
0 Sat.
28 Jan. 1419 (28)
859
1 Sun.
22 Dec. 1454 (
786
1 Wed.
24 Feb. 1384* (55)
*823
1 Wed.
17 Jan. 1420* (17)
860
5 Thurs.
11 Dec. 1455 (345)
•787
1 Sun.
12 Feb. 1385 (43)
824
•2 Mon.
6 Jan. 1421 (6)
*861
2 Mon.
29 Nov. 1456* (334)
7SS
6 Fri.
2 Feb. 1386 (33)
825
6 Fri.
26 Dec. 1421 (300)
862
0 Sat.
1!) Nov. 1457 (323)
789
} Tues.
22 Jan. 1387 (22)
*826
3 Tues.
15 Dec. 1422 (349)
863
4 Wed.
8 Nov. 1458 (312)
•790
t Sat.
11 Jan. 1388* (11)
827
1 Sun.
5 Dec. 1423 (33'J)
*864
1 Sun.
28 Oct. 1459 (301)
791
5 Thurs.
31 Dec. 1388* (366)
*828
r, Thins.
23 Nov. 1424* (328)
865
6 Fri.
17 (let. 1460* (291)
792
•i Mon.
20 Dec. 1389 (354)
829
3 Tues.
13 Nov. 1425 (317)
*866
3 Tues.
6 Oct. 1461 (279)
*793
6 Fri.
9 Dec. 1390 (343)
830
0 Sat.
2 Nov. 1426 (306)
867
1 Sun.
26 Sep. 1462 (269)
794
t Wed.
29 Nov. 1391 (333)
*831
4 Wed.
22 Oct. 1427 (295)
868
5 Thurs.
15 Sep. 1463 (258)
795
1 Sun.
17 Nov. 1392* (322)
888
2 Mon.
11 Oct. 1428* (285)
*869
2 Mon.
3 Sep. 1464* (247)
•790
:. Tliurs.
(i Nov. 1393 (310)
833
11 Fri.
30 Sep. 1429 (273)
870
0 Sat.
24 Aug. 1465 (236)
797
3 Tues.
27 Oct. 1394 (300)
*834
3 Tues.
19 Sep. 1430 (2621
871
4 Wed.
13 Aug. 1466 (225)
*798
0 Sat.
16 Oct. 1395 (289)
835
1 Sun.
9 Sep. 1431 (252)
*872
1 Sun.
2 Aug. 1467 (214)
793
5 Thurs.
5 Oct. 1396* (279)
*836
5 Tliurs.
28 Aug. 1432* (241)
873
6 Fri.
22 July 146S* (204)
800
'1 Mon.
24 Sep. 1397 (267)
837
8 Tues.
18 Aug. 1433 (230)
874
3 Tues
11 July 1469 (192)
*801
C> Fri.
13 Sep. 1398 (256)
838
0 Sat.
7 Aug. 1434 (219)
*875
0 Sat.
30 June 1470 (181)
802
4 Wed.
3 Sep. 1399 (246)
*839
4 Wed.
27 July 1435 (208)
876
5 Thurs.
20 June 1471 (171)
803
1 Sun.
22 Aug. 1400* (235)
840
•2 MOU.
16 July 1436* (198)
*877
2 Mon.
8 June 1472* (Hill)
*804
5 Thurs.
11 Aug. 1401 (223)
841
6 Fri.
5 July 1437 (186)
878
0 Sat.
29 May 1473 (149)
805
3 Tues.
1 Aug. 1402 (213)
*842
3 Tues.
24 June 1438 (175)
879
4 Wed.
18 May 1474 (138)
*806
0 Sat.
21 July 1403 (202)
843
1 Sun.
14 June 1439 (165)
*880
1 Sun.
7 May 1475 (127)
807
5 Thurs.
10 July 1404* (192)
844
5 Thurs.
2 June 1440* (154)
881
6 Fri.
26 Apr. 1476* (117)
808
2 Mon.
29 June 1405 (180)
*845
•2 Mon.
22 May 1441 (142)
882
3 Tues.
15 Apr. 1477 (UI5)
*809
6 Fri.
18 June 1406 (169)
846
0 Sal.
12 May 1442 (132)
*883
0 Sat.
4 Apr. 1478 (91.)
810
t Wed.
8 June 1407 (159)
*847
4 Wed.
1 May 1443 (121)
884
5 Thurs.
25 Mar. 1479 (84)
811
1 Sun.
27 May 1408* (14S)
848
•2 Mon.
20 Apr. 1444* (111)
885
2 Mon.
13 Mar. 1480* (73)
*812
5 Thurs.
16 May 1409 (136)
849
(1 Thurs.
9 Apr. 1445 (99)
*886
6 Fri.
2 Mar. 1481 (61)
813
3 Tues.
6 May 1410 (126)
*850
3 Tues.
29 Mar. 1446 (88)
887
4 Wed.
20 Feb. 1482 (51)
8U
0 Sat.
25 Apr. 1411 (115)
S51
1 Sun.
19 Mar. 1447 (78)
*888
1 Sun.
9 Feb. 1483 (40)
'/'//A Ml II A. MM AD. \,\ CAI I \DAR.
'[' \ lil.K \ \ I. DONTONTOD.)
IMTIU. DAYS Dl Ml II \\1M\DA\ M.AUs OK TIIF, HIJRA.
N.B. i. A.*! tirn.%
ii. Iji />> Iliji-ti 1165 iiii-lniirt; thf A.D. llatf* «rc OW Sti/l,-.
C\\XI11
Ilijra
Commencement of the \ear
Ilijra
••"•lit of the
Weekday.
Date A.D.
yen.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
\ear.
Weekday
A. li.
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
a
3
889
li Fri.
.'!() .Ian. UM'
•926
(! Fri.
23 lice. 15111
963
0 Sat.
16 N
890
IS Jan. 1 1ST, (18)
'.127
1 \\e,l.
12 DM. I52IC ilHTl
964
4 Wed.
4 N
7 Jan. 1486 (7)
928
1 Sun.
1 Dec. 1521
•905
1 Sun.
•21 Out 1
5 Tliurs.
2.s Dec. I486
*929
5 Thurs.
2(1 Nov. 1522
966
(i Fri.
It Oct. 1558
898
•i MOM.
17 Dec. 1487 (351)
930
11 Tues.
III Nov. 1528 (314)
•967
3 Oct. 1559
*894
6 Fri.
5 Dee. 1488* (840)
981
0 Sat.
29 Oct. 1524*
968
1 Sun.
22 Sep. 1560* (266)
B9B
4 Wed.
25 Nov. 1489
•932
4 Wed.
18 Oct. 1525
969
5 Thurs.
11 Sep. 1561
1 Sun.
14 Nov. 1490 (318)
Ml
2 Mon.
s Oct. 1526 (281)
*970
2 Mon.
31 Aug. 1562 (248)
1! Fri.
4 Nov. 1491 (308)
934
11 Fri.
27 Sep. 1527 (270)
971
0 Sat.
21 Aug. 1563
898
3 Tues.
23 Get. 1492* (297)
•988
3 Tues.
15 Sep. 1528* (259)
972
4 Wed.
9 Aug. 1564*
•899
0 Sat.
12 Oct. 1493 (285)
936
1 Sun.
5 Sep. 1529 (248)
•978
1 Sun.
29 July 1565 (210)
900
5 Thurs.
2 Oct. 1494 (275)
•M7
5 Thurs.
25 Aug. 1530 (237)
974
(i Fri.
19 July 1566 (200)
901
•2 Mon.
21 Sep. 1495
938
3 Tues.
15 Aug. 1531 (227)
975
3 Tnes.
8 July 1507 (189)
•90S
li Fri.
9 Sep. 1490* (253)
939
0 Sat.
3 Aug. 1532* (216)
*976
0 S«t.
2ii June 1568* (178)
903
4 Wed.
30 Aug. 1497 (242)
*940
4 Wed.
23 July 1533 (204)
977
5 Thurs.
16 June 1569 (167)
904
1 Sun.
19 Aug. 1498 (231)
941
2 Mon.
13 July 1534 (194)
*978
2 Mon.
5 June 1570 (156)
*'J05
5 Thurs.
8 Aug. 1499 (220)
942
fi Fri.
2 July 1535 (188)
979
0 Sat.
26 May 1571 (146)
900
3 Tncs.
28 July 1500* (210)
*943
3 Tues.
20 June 1536* (172)
980
4 Wed.
14 May 1572* (135)
»«07
0 Sat.
17 July 1501 (198)
944
1 Sun.
10 June 1537 (161)
*981
1 Sun.
3 May 1573 (123)
5 Tlmiv
7 July 1502 (188)
945
5 Tliurs.
3D May 1538 (150)
982
6 Fri.
23 Apr. 1574 (113)
909
•2 Mon.
26 June 1503 (177)
•946
2 Mon.
19 May 1539 (139)
983
3 Tues.
12 Apr. 1575 (102)
*910
fi Fri.
14 June 1504* (166)
947
0 Sat,
8 May 1540* (129)
•984
0 Sat.
31 Mar. 1576* (91)
911
4 Wed.
4 June 1505 (188)
*948
4 Wed.
27 Apr. 1541 (117)
985
5 Thurs.
21 Mar. 1577 (80)
912
1 Sun.
24 May 1506 (144)
949
2 Mon.
17 Apr. 1542 (107)
*986
2 Mon.
10 Mar. 1578 (69)
*913
5 Thurs.
13 May 1507 (133)
950
(i Fri.
6 Apr. 1543 (96)
987
0 Sat.
28 Feb. 1579 (59)
'.II 1.
( Tnes.
2 Max 1508* (123)
*951
3 Tues.
25 Mar. 1544* (85)
988
4 Wed.
17 Feb. 1580* (48)
!i 1 5
) Sat.
2V Apr. 1509 (111)
952
1 Sun
15 Mar. 1545 (74)
*989
1 Sun.
5 Feb. 1581 (86)
*910
4 Wed.
10 Apr. 1510 (100)
953
5 Thurs.
I Mar. 1546 (63)
990
6 Fri.
26 Jan. 1582 1) 26)
'JIT
2 Mon.
31 Mar. 1511 (90)
*954
2 Mon.
21 Feb. 1547 (52)
991
8 Tues.
15 Jan. 15H3 (15)
•918
i Fri.
19 Mar. 1512* (79)
955
0 Sat.
11 Feb. 1548* (42)
•992
0 Sat.
4 Jan. 1584* (4)
919
I Wed.
9 Mar. 1513 (68)
•956
1 Wed.
30 Jan. 1549 (30)
993
5 Thurs.
24 Dec. 1584* (3511,
1 Sun.
211 Feb. 1514 (57)
2 Mon.
20 Jan. 1550 (20)
994
2 Mon.
13 Dec. 1585 (347)
•wi
5 Thurs.
15 Feb. 1515 (46)
958
6 Fri.
9 Jan. 1551 (9)
•995
6 Fri.
2 Dec. 1586 (836)
92i
3 Tues.
5 Feb. 1516* (36)
*959
< Tues.
29 Dec. 1551 (
.996
V \\cil.
22 Nov. 1587 (326)
928
0 Sat.
21 Jan. 1517
960
1 Sun.
18 Dec. 1552*
•997
1 San.
10 Nov. 1588* (315)
*924
t Wed.
13 Jan. 1518 (13)
Ml
5 Thurs.
7 Dec. 1553 (341)
998
'• Fri.
81 Oct 1589 (30 ti
2 Mou.
3 Jan. 1519
*962
2 Mon.
26 Nov. 1554 (330)
999
2(1 Oct. I51HI . 1
') In llu- Koman Catholic count rie-i of Knrope the New Style was introduced from October 5th 1582 A.I), and the year 1700
\\a» ordered to be a common, not a I, rap-Near. Dates in the above Table arc howcu-r for Kni:lish rcckonini:. where tin
was not iutrotliiml lill Sept. 3rd 1752 A.l). For the initial dates of the Ilijra years, therefore, in the former countries, add 10 days
to the dale 1,-ivcn in the Table from Ilijra '.(91 to Ilijra 1111 inclusive, and 11 .la\s from Hijra 1112 to Ilijra Hfi5 inclusive.
CXXX1V
THE 1 \ni.lN CALENDAR.
TABLE XVI. (CONTINUED.)
INITIAL DAYS OF Ml HAM MA DAN" YEARS OF THE HIJUA.
N.B. i. Asterisks indicate t,eaj>years.
ii. Up to Hijra 1165 inclusive, the A.D. dates are Old Sti/le.
llijra
\ciir.
Commencement of the year.
Hijra
year.
Commencement of the year.
llijra
year.
Commencement of thr \rar.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
Hate A.D.
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
*1000
0 Sat.
9 Oct. 1591 (282)
1037
1 Sun.
2 Sep. 1027 (245)
*1074
1 SUM.
26 July 1663 (207)
1001
5 Thurs.
28 Sep. 1592* (272)
*1038
5 Thurs.
21 Aug. 1628* (234)
1075
Ii l-Vi.
15 July 1664* (197)
1002
2 Mon.
17 Sep. 1593 (260)
1039
3 Tues.
11 Aug. 1629 (223)
*1076
3 Tues.
4 July 1005 (185)
*1003
6 Fri.
6 Sep. 1594 (249)
1040
0 Sat.
31 July 1030 (212)
1077
1 Sim.
24 June 1666 (175)
1004
4 Wed.
27 Aug. 1595 (239)
*1041
4 Wed.
20 July 1631 (201.1
1778
5 Thurs.
13 Juue 1067 (I04i
1005
1 Sun.
15 Aug. 1596' (228)
1042
2 Mon.
9 July 1632* (191)
*1079
•2 Mou.
1 June 1668* (153)
*1006
5 Tliurs.
4 Aug. 1597 (216)
1043
6 Fri.
28 June 1633 (179)
1080
0 Sat.
•2-2 May 10fi9 (M2i
1007
3 Tues.
25 July 1598 (206)
*1044
3 Tucs.
17 June 1634 (168)
1081
4 Wed.
11 May 1070
*1008
0 Sat.
14 July 1599 (195)
1045
1 Sun.
7 June 1635 (158)
*1082
1 Sun.
30 Apr. 1071
1009
5 Thurs.
3 July 1600* (185)
*1046
5 Thurs.
26 May 1636* (147)
1083
(i Fri.
19 Apr. 1672* (1 10)
1010
•2 Mon.
22 June 1601 (173)
1047
3 Tues.
16 May 1637 (136)
1084
3 Tucs.
8 Apr. 1073 (98)
*1011
6 Fri.
11 June 1602 (162)
1048
0 Sat.
5 May 1638 (125)
*1085
0 Sat,
28 Mar. 1674 (87)
1012
4 Wed.
1 June 1603 (152)
*1049
4 Wed.
24 Apr. 1639 (114)
1086
5 Thurs.
18 Mar. 1675 (77)
1013
1 Sun.
20 May 1604* (141)
1050
2 Mon.
13 Apr. 1640* (104)
*1087
2 Mon.
6 Mar. 1676* (66)
*1014
5 Thurs.
9 May 1605 (129)
1051
6 Fri.
2 Apr. 1641 (92)
1088
0 Sat.
24 Feb. 1677 (55)
1015
3 Tucs.
29 Apr. 1606 (119)
*1052
3 Tues.
22 Mar. 1042 (81)
1089
4 Wed.
13 Feb. 1078 (44)
*1016
0 Sat.
18 Apr. 1607 (108)
1053
1 Sun.
12 Mar. 1643 (71)
*1090
1 Sun.
2 Feb. 1679 (33)
1017
5 Thurs.
7 Apr. 1608* (98)
1054
5 Tliurs.
29 Feb. 1644* (60)
1091
6 Fri.
23 Jan. 1680* (23)
1018
2 Mon.
27 Mar. 1609 (86)
*1055
2 Mou.
17 Feb. 1645 (48)
1092
3 Toes.
11 Jan. 1681 (11)
*1019
6 Fri.
16 Mar. 1610 (75)
1056
0 Sat.
7 Feb. 1640 (38)
*1093
0 Sat.
31 Dec. 1681 (30.-))
1020
4 Wed.
fi Mar. 1611 (65)
*1057
4 Wed.
27 Jan. 1047 (27)
1094
5 Thnrs.
21 Dec. 1682 (855)
1021
1 Sun.
23 Feb. 1612* (54)
1058
2 Mon.
17 Jan. 1648* (17)
1095
2 Mon.
10 Dec. 1683 (344)
*1022
5 Thurs.
11 Feb. 1613 (42)
1059
6 Fri.
5 Jan. 1649 (5)
H096
6 Fri.
28 Nov. 1684* (333)
1023
3 Tnes.
1 Feb. 1614 (32)
*1060
3 Tues.
25 Dec. 1649 (359)
1097
4 Wed.
18 Nov. 1685 (822)
1024
0 Sat.
21 Jan. 1615 (21)
1061
1 Sun.
15 Dec. 1650 (349)
*1098
1 Sun.
7 Nov. 1686 (311)
*1025
4 Wed.
10 Jan. 1616* (10)
1002
& Thurs.
4 Dec. 1651 (338)
1099
fi Fri.
28 Oct. 1687 (301)
1088
2 Mon.
30 Dec. 1616* (365)
*1063
•2 .Mou.
22 Nov. 1652* (327)
1100
3 Tucs.
16 Oct. 1088* (290)
*1027
6 Fri.
19 Dec. 1617 (353)
1064
0 Sat.
12 Nov. 1653 (316)
*1101
0 Sat.
5 Oct. 1689 (27 S)
1028
I \Veil.
9 Dec. 1618 (343)
1065
4 Wed.
1 Nov. 1654 (305)
1102
5 Thurs.
25 Sep. 1690 (268
1029
1 Sun.
28 Nov. 1619 (332)
*1060
1 Sun.
21 Oct. 1655 (294)
1103
2 Mon.
14 Sep. 1691 (257)
*1030
) Thurs.
16 Nov. 1620* (321)
1067
6 Fri.
10 Oct. 1656* (284)
*1104
6 Fri.
2 Sep. 1692* (240)
1081
J Tucs.
6 Nov. 1021 (310)
*1068
3 Tues.
29 Sep. 1057 (272)
1105
1 Wed.
23 Aug. 1093 (285)
1032
) Sat.
20 Oct. 1022 (299)
1069
I Sun.
19 Sep. 1658 (262)
*110C
1 Sun.
12 Aug. 1694 (224)
*1033
1 Wed.
15 Oct. 1623 (288)
1070
5 Thurs.
8 Sep. 1059 (251)
1107
0 Fri.
2 Aug. 1695 (214)
1034
2 Mon.
4 Oct. 1624* (278)
1*1071
2 Mon.
27 Aug. 1000* (240)
1108
3 Tues.
21 July 1696* (203)
1035
0 Fri.
23 Sep. 1625 (266)
1072
0 Sat.
17 Aug. 1001 (229)
*1109
0 Sat.
10 July 1697 (1'Jl)
•1088
3 Tues.
12 Sep. 1020 (255)
1073
4 Wed.
0 Aug. 1002 (218)
1110
"> Thnrs.
30 June 1098 (181)
Till'. Ml If.l. MM .\n.\\ C///:. \DAR.
'\ \ 15 L K XVI. (CONTWUBD.)
INITIAL II.US 01 Ml II \.\I\IAD.\N rEABS <>| TIIF. MIJRA.
X.B. i Asli'm/ Leap-yfar>.
ii. Ip In Hum 1165 inclusive, the A.D. datet are Old
n'lit itl' the year.
1 1 ij ra
( '"in D i tlic year.
yew.
rhr'-lurnt of tin
Weekday.
Date A.I).
Wcckd.n .
I):.!.. A.D.
LD.
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
kill
•2 M,,n.
1'J June Ililill (170
11 ts
:i TDM.
13 May 1735 (133)
1 1 S5
16 Apr. 1771
•ma
7 .lum- ITiHi'
111'.)
1 May 1 ;
' 1 1 S6
(1 Sat.
t \pr. 1772* (95)
1118
t Wed.
2s Mav Knl I4S|
niM
t \\.-d.
2H Apr. 1737
11M
5 Thurs.
26 Mar. K
1114
1 Sun.
.lay 170-'
1151
2 Mon.
lu Apr. 1738
•1188
2 Mon.
U Mar. 1771
•1115
."> Tinirs.
li May 17li:i
L152
tO Mar. 173U (89)
1189
t Mar. 1775
1118
3 TOM,
25 Apr. 1704* (116)
•1158
3 Tues.
18 Mar. 1740* (78)
1180
4 Wed.
21 Feb. 1776*
*I117
II Sal.
II \pr. 1705 (104)
L154
1 Sun.
S Mar. 1741
•1191
1 Sun.
Bb. 1777
Ills
r, Tlmrs.
1 Apr. 1706 (94)
1155
5 Thurs.
25 Fcb 1742
11112
6 Fri.
30 Jan. 177S (80)
1 1 1 '.I
2 M..n.
21 Mar 1707 (83)
•1158
2 Mon.
1 1 Fc'b. 1743
11113
3 Tues.
19 Jan. 1779 (19)
6 Fri.
12 .Mar. 1708* (72)
1 1 57
h. I7H'
*1194
0 Sat.
8 Jan. 1780* (8)
1 1 :.' 1
4 Wed.
•2 Mar. 1709 ((11)
•1 i:.s
t Wnl.
23 Jan. 1715
1198
5 Thurs.
28 Dec. 1780* :
1 Sun.
111 Feb. 1710 (50)
1159
2 \l,,n.
13 .Ian. 1746 (13)
•1196
2 Mon.
17 Dec. 17*1
* 1 1 23
a Thurs.
8 Feb. 1711
1160
6 Fri.
2 Jan. 1717 (2)
1197
7 Dec. 1782
L184
3 Taes.
29 Jan. 1712* (29)
•1161
:i fast,
22 Dec. 1747
1198
4 Wed.
26 Nov. 1783
II Sal.
17 Jan. 1713 (17)
1162
1 Son.
11 Dec. 17*8*
•1199
1 Sun.
14 Nov. 1784* (819)
•1126
I Wei
6 Jan. 17H (6)
1 1 63
5 Thurs.
30 Nov. 1749
1200
6 Fri.
4 Nov. 1785 (308)
1127
•1 Mon.
27 Dec. 1714 (361)
•1164
2 Mon.
19 Nov. 1750
12111
3 Tues.
24 Oct. 1786 (297)
(1 Fri.
H! I),.,-. 1715
LUG
I) Sat.
11 No\. 1751f (313)
•1202
0 Sat.
13 Oct. 1787 •
1 1211
1 \\c,l.
r> Dec. 1716*
*1166
t \\.-d.
8 Nov. 1752* (313)
1203
5 Thurs.
2 Oct. 17S8* (276)
1 l:tn
1 Sun.
24 Nov. 1717
1167
2 Mon.
29 Oct. 1753 (302)
1204
2 Mou.
21 Sep. 1789 (264)
•1131
5 Thurs.
i:i Nov. 1718 (317)
1 1 r,s
6 Fri.
18 Oct. 1754 (291)
* 121 15
6 Fri.
10 Sep. 1790
lisa
3 Nov. 1719 (307)
•1169
3 Tiles
7 Oct. 1755 (280)
1206
t Wed.
31 Aug. 1791
1183
(I Sal.
22 Oct. 1720*
1170
1 Sun.
26 Sep. 1756* (270)
•1207
1 Sun.
19 Aug. 1792*
»1184
1 \Ycd.
11 Oct. 17^1 (284)
1171
5 Thurs.
15 S,-p. 1757 (258)
1208
6 Fri.
9 Aug. 1793 (221)
11S5
2 Moil
1 CM. 1722
*1172
2 MOII.
4 Sep. 1758
1209
8 Tuea.
29 July 1794 (!
•1188
(i l'Yi.
:.'i) Sep. 1723
1173
•j:, Ug. L7M
*1210
0 Sat.
18 July 1795
1187
•I Wed.
'.1 Srp. 1724*
1174
1 Wed
13 Aug. 1760* (226)
1211
5 Thurs.
7 July 1796* • ;
1 138
1 Sun.
21) \u-. L.78S
•1178
1 Sun.
2 Aug. 1761 (214)
1212
2 Mo,,.
26 June 1797 .
*1189
5 'I'linrs.
18 An- 1726
1176
6 Fri.
23 July 1762 (204)
*1213
6 Fri.
15 June 1798
11 Ml
s Aug. 1727
•1177
3 Tues.
12 July 1763 (193)
1214
t \V,d.
5 June 1799 (156)
111
(1 Sal.
27 July 1728*
1178
1 Sun.
1 July 1764* (183)
1215
1 Sun.
25 May 1800 (145)
'1142
4 Wed.
16 .Inly 17211
5 Thurs.
20 June 1765 (171)
•1216
5 Tlmrs.
14 May 1801 (13 1)
1148
2 Mon.
6 July 1730 (187)
*1180
2 Mon.
9 June 1766 (160)
1217
8 Tuct.
1 May 1802 (1
II 14
6 Kri.
25 June 1731 (176)
1181
0 Sal.
3ii May 1767 (150)
•1218
(I Sat.
23 Apr. 1S03 (113)
•1146
.'i Tues.
13 June 1732*
1182
^ \v,-,i.
18 May 1768* (189)
1219
5 Thura.
12 Apr. 1804* (10
1 1 LI;
1 Sun.
3 June 1733
1 Sun.
7 May 1769 (127)
1220
2 Mon.
1 Apr. 1805 (91)
•1147
5 Tlmrs.
23 May 1731
1184
I! Fri.
27 Apr. 177"
•1221
6 Kri.
21 Mar. ISOfi
;• The New Style was introduced into England from 3rd September. 1752. The 9th November, 1751, is therefore an Old St\ I,
ad the Slli November, 1752, is M Sen Sule 01 n, AW, 2. p. II. \,,/e 1, p. 88).
cxxxvi
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE XVI. (CONTINUED.)
INITIAL BAYS OF M1IIAMMADAN YEARS OF THE HIJRA.
N.B. i. Asterisks indicate Leap-years.
ii. Vp to Hijra 1165 inclusive, the A.D. dates are 014 Style.
Hijra
year.
Commencement of the year.
Hijra
year.
Commencement of the year.
Hijra
year.
Commencement of the year.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
Weekday.
Date A.D.
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1222
4 Wed.
11 Mar. 1807 (70)
1255
1 Sun.
17 Mar. 1839 (76)
1288
5 Thurs.
23 Mar. 1871 (82)
1223
1 Sun.
28 Feb. 1808* (59)
•1256
5 Thurs.
5 Mar. 1840* (65)
*1289
2 Mon.
11 Mar. 1872* (71)
•1224
5 Thure.
16 Feb. 1809 (47)
1257
3 Tues.
23 Feb. 1841 (54)
1290
0 Sat.
1 Mar. 1873 (60)
1225
3 Tues.
6 Feb. 1810 (37)
1258
0 Sat.
12 Feb. 1842 (43)
1291
t Wnl.
18 Feb. 1874 (49)
*1226
0 Sat.
26 Jan. 1811 (26)
*1259
4 Wed.
1 Feb. 1843 (32)
*1292
1 Sun.
7 Feb. 1875 (38)
1227
5 Thurs.
16 Jan. 1812* (16)
1260
2 Mon.
22 Jan. 1844* (22)
1293
6 Fri.
28 Jan. 1876*
1228
2 Mon.
4 Jan. 1813 (4)
1261
6 Fri.
10 Jan. 1845 (10)
1294
3 Tues.
16 Jan. 1877 (16)
•1229
6 Fri.
24 Dec. 1813 (358)
*1262
3 Tues.
30 Dec. 1845 (364)
*1295
0 Sat.
5 Jan. 1878 (5)
1230
4 Wed.
14 Dec. 1814 (348)
1263
1 Sun.
20 Dec. 1846 (354)
1296
5 Thurs.
26 Dec. 1878 (360)
1231
1 Sun.
3 Dec. 1815 (337)
1264
5 Thurs.
9 Dec. 1847 (343)
*1297
2 Mon.
15 Dec. 1879 (349)
•1232
5 Thurs.
21 Nov. 1816* (326)
*1265
2 Mon.
27 Nov. 1848* (332)
1298
0 Sat.
4 Dec. 1880* (339)
1233
3 Tues.
11 Nov. 1817 (315)
1266
0 Sat.
17 Nov. 1849 (321)
1299
4 Wed.
23 Nov. 1881 (327)
1234
0 Sat.
31 Oct. 1818 (304)
*1267
4 Wed.
6 Nov. 1850 (310)
*1300
1 Sun.
12 Nov. 1882 (316)
*1235
4 Wed.
20 Oct. 1819 (293)
1268
2 Mon.
27 Oct. 1851 (300)
1301
6 Fri.
2 Nov. 1883 (306)
1236
2 Mon.
9 Oct. 1820* (283)
1269
6 Fri.
15 Oct. 1852* (289)
1302
3 Tues.
21 Oct. 1884* (295)
'1237
6 Fri.
28 Sep. 1821 (271)
•1270
3 Tues.
4 Oct. 1853 (277)
*1303
0 Sat.
10 Oct. 1885 (283)
1238
4 Wed.
18 Sep. 1822 (261)
1271
1 Sun.
24 Sep. 1854 (267)
1304
5 Thurs.
30 Sep. 1886 (273)
1239
1 Sun.
7 Sep. 1823 (250)
1272
5 Thurs.
13 Sep. 1855 (256)
1305
2 Mon.
19 Sep. 1887 (262)
*1240
5 Thurs.
26 Aug. 1824* (239)
*1273
•2 .Mon.
1 Sep. 1856* (245)
*1306
6 Fri.
7 Sep. 1888* (251)
1241
3 Tues.
16 Aug. 1825 (228)
1274
0 Sat.
22 Aug. 1857 (234)
1307
4 Wed.
28 Aug. 1889 (240)
1242
0 Sat.
5 Aug. 1826 (217)
1275
4 Wed.
11 Aug. 1858 (223)
*1308
1 Sun.
17 Aug. 1890 (229)
*1243
4 Wed.
25 July 1827 (206)
*1276
1 Sun.
31 July 1859 (212)
1309
6 Vri.
7 Aug. 1891 (219)
1244
2 Mon.
14 July 1828* (196)
1277
6 Fri.
20 July 1860* (202)
1310
3 Tues.
26 July 1892* (208)
1245
6 Fri.
' 3 July 1829 (184)
*1278
3 Tues.
9 July 1861 (190)
*1311
0 Sat.
15 July 1893 (196)
•1246
3 Tues.
22 June 1830 (173)
1279
1 Sun.
29 June 1862 (180)
1312
5 Thurs.
5 July 1894 (186)
1247
1 Sun.
12 June 1831 (163)
1280
5 Thurs.
18 June 1863 (169)
1313
2 Mon.
24 June 1895 (175)
•1248
5 Thurs.
31 May 1832* (152)
•1281
2 Mon.
6 June 1864* (158)
*1314
6 Fri.
12 June 1896* (164)
1249
3 Tnes.
21 May 1833 (141)
1282
0 Sat.
27 May 1865 (147)
1315
4 Wed.
2 June 1897 (153)
1250
0 Sat.
10 May 1834 (130)
1283
4 Wed.
16 May 1866 (136)
*1316
1 Sun.
22 May 1898 (142)
*1251
4 Wed.
29 Apr. 1835 (119)
*1284
1 Sun.
5 May 1867 (125)
1317
6 Fri.
12 May 1899 (132)
1252
2 Mon.
18 Apr. 1836* (109)
1285
6 Fri.
24 Apr. 1868* (115)
1318
3 Tues.
1 May 1900 (121)
1253
6 Fri.
7 Apr. 1837 (97)
*1286
3 .Tues.
13 Apr. 1869 (103)
*1254
3 Tues.
27 Mai-. 1838 (86,)
1287
1 San.
3 Apr. 1870 (93)
APPENDIX.
16
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.1
By DR. ROBERT SCHRAM.
A complete list of all eclipses of the sun for any part of the globe between the years
1 200 B.C. and 2160 A.D. has been published by Oppolzer in his "Canon der Finsternisse",
(Denkschriften der mathematisck naturwissenschaftlicken Classe der Kais. Akademie der II V
schaftcn in Wien, Vol. LII. i88f). In this work are given for every eclipse all the data necessary
for the calculation of the path of the shadow on the earth's surface, and of its beginning, greatest
phase, and end for any particular place. But inasmuch as the problem is a complicated one the
calculations required are also unavoidably complicated. It takes considerable time to work out
by the exact formulas the time of the greatest phase of a given eclipse for a particular place,
and when, as is often the case with Indian inscriptions, we are not sure of the year in which
a reported eclipse has taken place, and it is therefore necessary to calculate for a large number
of eclipses, the work becomes almost impossible.
The use, however, of the exact formula: is seldom necessary. In most cases it is sufficient
to make use of a close approximation, or still better of tables based on approximate formuhu.
Such tables I have published under the title " Tafeln zur Berechnung der naheren Umstande
der Sonnenfinsternisse", (Denkschriften der mathematisch naturwissenschaftluhen Classe der Kais.
Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Vol. LI. 1886) and the Tables B, C, and D, now given
are based on those. That is to say, they contain extracts from those tables, somewhat modified
and containing only what is of interest for the continent of India. Table A is a modified extract
from Oppolzer's Canon, containing only eclipses visible in India and the immediate neighbourhood.
All others are eliminated, and thus the work of calculation is greatly diminished, as no other
eclipses need be examined to ascertain their visibility at the given place.
Oppolzer's Canon gives the following elements :
Date of eclipse and Greenwich mean civil time of conjunction in longitude.
L1 = longitude of Sun and Moon, which is of course identical at the middle of the eclipse.
Z = Equation of time in degrees.
* zz Obliquity of the ecliptic.
p sinP being equal to sm ^~hf> where b and b' denote the moon's and sun's
1°£ Pi slu (5r~'r)
latitude, TT and TT' their respective parallaxes.
lo o ( 1 COSQ being the hourly motion of p sinP.
log AL —the hourly motion of -^^1^=^ where L denotes the moon's, L' the sun's longitude.
1 I propose to publish, cither in a second edition of this work, if such should be called for, or in one of the scientific
periodicals, tables of lunar eclipses, compiled from Oppolzer's Canon der Knatcrnitse, and containing those visible in India during
the period comprised iu the present volume. [R. S.]
no ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
u'a =: radius of shadow.
fa = angle of shadow's cone.
"/ n shortest distance of shadow's centre from earth's centre.
it* =i Sun's hour-angle at Greenwich at the moment of this shortest distance,
log n •=. hourly motion of shadow's centre.
log sin §') „ ,
. Sun s decimation,
log cos 5 \
N' = angle of moon's orbit with declination circle (N1 — N — h, where N is the angle of
the moon's orbit with latitude circle, and tan h = cos L' cos e. '
G
K
sin g
sin k
cosg
cos k
sin g sin G = sin 5' sin N'.
sin g cos G = cos N'.
cos g ^cos §' sin N'.
sin k sin K — sin N'.
sin k cos K = sin §' cos N'.
cos k — cos S' cos N1.
With these elements the calculation of the moment of greatest phase of eclipse at a given
place, whose longitude from Greenwich is A, and whose latitude is (p, is found by the formulae :
log <p! = 0,9966 log (p.
m sinM — y — 0,9966 cos g sin 0, + cos cj), sin g sin (G + tj.
m cosM = (t0 — A — ft) ~ — 0,9966 sin <pj cos k + cos ^ sin k cos (K + t0).
m'sinM' = — 0,2618 cos (pl sin g cos (G + t0).
m'cosM'=n — 0,2618 cos (p^ sin k sin (K + t0).
t1 = t0-i5 % cos(M + M').
Making firstly t0 = A + ft, this formulae gives the value of t,. This value is put in the
formulae instead of t0 and the calculation repeated, and thus we get a closer value for t; which,
again put in the place of t0, gives a second corrected value of t. Calculation by these formulae
must be repeated as long as the new value of t differs from the former one, but, as a general
rule, three or four times suffices. The last value of t is then the hour-angle of the sun at the
given place for the moment of greatest phase at that place. With the last value of m we find
the magnitude of the greatest phase at the given place in digits = 6 — ^ ~^" .
These calculations are, as will be seen, very complicated, and for other than astronomical
problems it is hardly ever necessary to attain to so great a degree of accuracy. For ordinary purposes
they may be greatly simplified, as it suffices to merely fix the hour-angle to the nearest degree.
The angle N is very nearly constant, its mean value being N = 84°3 or N = 95°7
according as the moon is in the ascending or descending node. Which of these is the case is
always shown by the value of P, as P is always near o° when the moon is in the ascending,
and near 180° when she is in the descending node. Taking also for fa mean value, say s = 2^°6o,
and making the calculations separately for the cases of the ascending and descending node, we
find that §', h, N', sin g, cos g, sin k, cos k, G and K are all dependents of L', and can
therefore be tabulated for single values of L', say from 10 to 10 degrees.
The second of the above formulae
m cos M = (t0 — A — ft) ^ — 0,9966 sin <pl cos k + cos <pl sin k cos (K + t0)
will give for t the value
/•'.( 7 //'.VA.S <>/• Till'. SUN IN I.\ni. I HI
t =(A + At) + ',* X 0,9966 sin 0, cos k - ^ cos <p, sin k cos (K + t) + ^ m cos M.
The angle M being, at the moment of greatest phase, always sufficiently near 90" or 270°,
— m cosM can be neglected; and, introducing for -^ its mean value 27,544, and identifying <pt
with <J>, the value of t,, can simply be determined by the expression
t = (K + jet) + 27,447 sin $ cos k — 27,544 cos <p sin k cos (K + t)
instead of determining it by the whole of the above formula. Now in this last expression k and K
are mere dependents on L', and therefore the values of t can be tabulated for each value of I.'
with the two arguments /. -f- (*, and *£. Table D is constructed on this formula, only instead
of counting t in degrees and from true noon it is counted, for Indian purposes, in ghatikas and
their tenths from true sunrise.
The value of t for the instant of the greatest phase at the given place being found, it can
be introduced into the formula
m sin M •=. y — 0,9966 cos g sin $, + cos <£, sin g sin (G + t).
As M is always near 90° or 270°, sin M can be considered equal to ± i, so we have
+ m — 7 — 0,9966 cos g sin (p + cos (p sin g sin (G + t)
where the sign + is to be selected so that the value of m may always be positive.
The second part of the above expression
— 0,9966 cos g sin$ + coscp sing sin(G -f t)
(which, for the sake of brevity, may be called by the letter T') contains only values which
directly depend on L', such as cos g, sin g, G, or which, for a given value of L', depend only
on >, + ,u. and (p, and therefore the values of T' can be tabulated for each value of L1 with the
two arguments A + /tt and $• This has been done in the Table B which follows, but instead of
T' the value I + I" = T has been tabulated to avoid negative numbers. The value of m can
then be found from
m = + (7 + r1).
Both Tables B and D ought to consist of two separate tables, one containing the values of
L' from o° to 360° in the case of P being near o°, the other containing the values of L' from
o° to 360° for the case of P being near 180°. To avoid this division into two tables, and the
trouble of having always to remember whether P is near o° or 1 80°, the two tables are combined
into one single one; but, whilst in the case of P being near o° L' is given as argument, in the
case of P being near 180° the table contains, instead of L', L' + 400° as argument. We need
therefore no longer care whether the moon is in the ascending or descending node, but simply
take the argument as given in the first table.
With the value of m, found by m — ± (7 + T), we can find the magnitude of the greatest
phase in digits = 6 U,U'^_~™ 6, which formula can also be tabulated with the arguments u'., and
m, or with u', and (-/ + F). This has been done in Table C. As u'. when abbreviated to two
places of decimals has only the six values 0.53, 0.54, 0.55, 0.56, 0.57 and 0.58, every column
of this Table is calculated for another value of u'., whilst to -/ the constant 5 has been added
so that all values in the first Table may be positive. Instead of giving u'. directly, its last
cipher is given as tenths to the value of (y + T) so that there is no need for ascertaining the
value of u',.
Of all elements, then, given by the Canon we want only the following ones;—
Date of eclipse, and Greenwich mean time of conjunction in longitude.
1,2 ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
L' = longitude of sun and moon.
P (only indication if P is near o° or near 180°).
u'4 =: radius of shadow.
7 = shortest distance of shadow's centre from earth's centre.
p = Sun's hour-angle at Greenwich at the moment of this shortest distance.
(There is no necessity for attempting any further explanation of all the other elements
and formulae noted above, which would be impossible without going into the whole theory of
eclipses. Such an attempt is not called for in a work of this kind.)
These elements are given in Table A in the following form: —
Column I. Date of eclipse, — year, month, and day; Old Style till 2 September, 1752 A.D., New
Style from 14 September, 1752.
Column 2. Lanka time of conjunction in longitude, counted from mean sunrise in hours and minutes.
Column 3. L = longitude of sun and moon in degrees, when P is near o°; or longitude of
sun and moon plus 400°, when P is near 1 80° ; so that numbers in this column
under 360° give directly the value of this longitude, and indicate that P is near o°,
or that the moon is in the ascending node, whilst numbers over 400° must be diminished
by 400 when it is desired to ascertain this longitude. At the same time these last
indicate that P is near 180°, that is that the moon is in the descending node.
Column 4. j(* = Sun's hour-angle at Greenwich at the moment of shortest distance of shadow's
centre from earth.
Column 5. •/ — ten times the second decimal cipher of u'a + 5 + 7. So the tenths of the
numbers of this column give the last cipher of u's, whose first ciphers are 0.5,
and the rest of the number diminished by 5 gives the value of 7.
For instance ; the line 975 II 14, o h 52 m, 730°, 202°, 74.66 shows that on the I4th February,
A.D. 975, the conjunction took place at oh 52m after mean Lanka sunrise, that the longitude
of sun and moon was 330° (the moon in the descending node), /c* = 202°, u'a — 0,57, and 7 = — 0,34.
Use of the Tables.
Table A gives, in the first column, the year, month, and day of all eclipses visible in any part
of India, or quite close to the frontiers of India. The frontiers are purposely taken on rather too
large a scale, but this is a fault on the right side. The letters appended shew the kind of eclipse ;
"a" stands for annular, "t" for total, "p" for partial. Eclipses of the last kind are visible only
as very slight ones in India and are therefore not of much importance.1 When the letter is in
brackets the meaning is that the eclipse was only visible quite on the frontiers or even beyond them,
and was without importance. When the letter is marked with an asterisk it shews that the eclipse
was either total or annular in India or close to it, and is therefore one of greater importance.
The second column shews, in hours and minutes counted from mean sunrise at Lanka, the time
of conjunction in longitude. This column serves only as an indication as to whether the eclipse
took place in the morning or afternoon ; for the period of the greatest phase at any particular
place may differ very sensibly from the time thus given, and must in every case be determined
from Table D, if required. The third, fourth, and fifth columns, headed respectively L, p, and 7',
furnish the arguments for the following Tables B, C, and D, by which can be found the magnitude
and the moment of the greatest phase of the eclipse at a particular place.
But see Art. 40«, p. 23, paragraph 2, Professor Jacobi's remarks on eclipses mentioned in Indian inscriptions. [R. S.]
'S 01- THE SUN i\ INDIA. n.?
Table B (as well as Table D) consists of seventy-two different Tables, each of which is
calculated for a particular value of L taken in tens of degrees. Each of these little tables is a
table with a double argument, giving the value of y". The arguments are, vertically the latitude
<J>, and horizontally the longitude A of the given place, the latter being stated in degrees from
Greenwich and augmented by the value of ^ given in Table A. The reader selects that table
which is nearest to the value of L given by Table A, and determines from it, by interpolation
with the arguments 3) and A-f A*, the value of y". If a greater degree of accuracy is desired, it is
necessary to determine, with the arguments <J> and A+(«, the value of y" by both tables preceding
and following the given value of L, and to interpolate between the two values of 7" so found.
The final value of y" is added to the value of -/' given by Table A, and this value ot
y' + y" serves as argument for Table C, which gives directly the magnitude of the greatest phase
at the given place in digits, or twelfths of the sun's diameter.
Table D is arranged just like Table B, and gives, with the arguments <p and >.+ /tt, the
moment of the greatest phase at the given place in ghatikas and their tenths, counted from true
sunrise at the given place.
The first value in each line of Tables B and D corresponds to a moment before sunrise
and the last value in each line to a moment after sunset. Both values are given only for pur-
poses of interpolation. Therefore in both cases the greatest phase is invisible when A + i« coincides
exactly with the first or last value of the line, and still more so when it is less than the first or
greater than the last value. But in both cases, when the difference between A + p and the last
value given does not exceed 15 degrees, it is possible that in the given place the end of the
eclipse might have been visible after sunrise, or the beginning of the eclipse before sunset.
As the tables give only the time for the greatest phase this question must be decided by direct
calculation.
EXAMPLES.
EXAMPLE i. Was the eclipse of the zbth June, A.D. 540, visible at Jalna, whose latitude
Cp, is 19° 48' N., and whose longitude, A, is 75° 54' E. ?
Table A gives: 540 VI 20, 7 h 57m L — 490 A* = 314° ?' = 35.34
Jalna has <p = 20°, and ............... A = 76°
= 30°
Table B. L — 490 gives, with <p = 20° and A + p = 30°, ....... y*
y'+y" = 36,20
Table C gives, with y' y" = 36,20, the magnitude of the greatest phase as nearly 8 digits.
Table D. L = 490 gives, with Q — 20° and A+A* = 30°, for the moment of the greatest
phase, 24.8 ghatikas or 24 gh. 48 pa. after true sunrise at Jalna.
EXAMPLE 2. Was the same eclipse visible at Multan, whose latitude <p is 30° 13' N., and
whose longitude, A, is 71° 26' E. ?
Table A gives: A.D. 540 VI 20, 7h.57m. L = 49O. ^ = 3H" / = 35.34
Multan has cp — 30° and .......... A= 71°
A + A* = 25°
Table B. L = 49O gives, with <£ = 30° and A + /i4 = 25°. ... y" = 0,76
fO.uO
y'+y" = 36, 10
1 14 ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
Table C gives, with y' -}- y" — 36,10, the magnitude of the greatest phase as exactly 10 digits.
Table D. L = 490 gives, with $ = 30° and A + [j, = 2 5°, for the moment of the greatest phase,
24,0 ghatikas, or 24 gh. o pa. after true sunrise at Multan.
EXAMPLE 3. Was the eclipse of the 7th June, A.D. 913, visible at Trivandrum, whose
latitude, <p, is 8° 30' N., and longitude, A, 76°56'E.?
Table A gives: 913 VI 7, 8 h-35 m. L = 48o ^ = 323° y' = 44.98
Trivandrum has, <p = 8° and ............ A = 77°
A + j« = 40°
Table B. L = 480 gives, with <£ = 8° and A + p = 40°, ......... y" = i ,02
y ^ y" — 46,00
Table C shews, with y' + y" — 46,00, that the eclipse was total at Trivandrum.
Table D. L = 480 gives, with <p = 8° and A -f p — 40, for the moment of totality 26,2 ghatikas
or 26 gh. 1 2 pa. after true sunrise at Trivandrum.
EXAMPLE 4. Was the same eclipse visible at Lahore whose latitude, <J>, is 3I°33'N.,
and longitude, A, 74" 16' E.?
Table A gives: 913 VI 7, 8 h. 35m. L = 48o i" = 323° 7' = 44,98
Lahore has $ = 32° and ............. A = 74°
>• + !*= 37"
Table B. L = 48o gives, with 0 = 32° and A + ^ = 37°, ......... y" = 0,69
y' + y» = 45,67
Table C gives, with y' + y" •=. 45,67, the magnitude of the greatest phase 4,8 digits.
Table D. L = 48o gives, with ^ = 32° and A + ^ = 37°, for the moment of the greatest phase
26,9 ghatikas, or 26 gh. 54 pa. after true sunrise at Lahore.
In all these examples the value of L (Table A) was divisible by 10, and therefore a special
table for this value was found in Table B. When the value of L is not divisible by 10, as
will mostly be the case, there is no special table exactly fitting the given value. In such a
case we may take the small table in Table B for the value of L nearest to that given. Thus for
instance, if L is 233 we may work by the table L •=. 230, or when L is 487 we may work by
the Table L — 490 and proceed as before, but the result will not be very accurate. The better course
is to take the value of y" from both the table next preceding and the table next following the
given value of L, and to fix a value of y" between the two.1 Thus for L = 233 we take the
value of y" both from Table 230 and from Table 240 and fix its truer value from the two.
But where the only question is whether an eclipse was visible at a given place and there is no
necessity to ascertain its magnitude, the first process is sufficient.
EXAMPLE 5. Was the eclipse of the 15 January, A.D. 1032, visible at Karachi, whose
latitude, <p, is 24° 53' N., and longitude, A, 66°57'E.?
Table A gives 1032 I 15, loh.im. L = 7oi ^ = 342° y' = 45,46
Karachi has <J> = 25°, and ...... ..... A + 67°
>• + (* = 49°
TableB.L=7oogives,With4) = 2S-andA + Ac = 49'.../=o,63J , for ,,= 6
TableB.L = 7io „ „ „ „ „ „ . ..y" -0,69 }'
= 46,10
Here the auxiliary table to Tables VI. and VII. above may be used. [R. S.]
/<:cui'si>:s or THE SUN IN INDIA. ,,5
Table C gives, with y' + y* = 46,10, the magnitude of the greatest phase as 10,0 digits.
Table D. L 700 gives, with $ = 2$ and A + /C4 = 49° ..... 25,7 /
or for L 701, for the moment
Table D. L 710 „ „ „ „ „ „ ..... 26,0)
of the greatest phase, 25,7 gha^ikas, or 25 gh. 42 pa. after true sunrise at Karachi.
EXAMPLE 6. Was the same eclipse visible at Calcutta, whose latitude, Q, is 22° 36' N., and
longitude, A, 88° 23' E.?
Table A gives 1032 I 15, 10 h. i m. L = 7<Di ^ = 342° y' — 45,56
Calcutta has (p = 23°, and ............ A = 88°
A + A* = 70°
A + |£t is greater than the arguments for which values are given in Table B, 700 and 710. This
indicates that the greatest phase of the eclipse takes place after sunset and is therefore invisible. '
EXAMPLE. 7. Was the eclipse of the 3ist. December, A.D. 1358, visible at Dhaka, whose
latitude, <p, is 23° 45' N., and longitude, A, 90° 23' E. ?
Table A gives: 1358 XII 31, I h. 28m. L = 288 p = 213° y' — 45,48
Dhaka has $ = 24°, and .............. A = 90"
A + n = 303°
Table B. L 280 gives, with <p = 24° and A + & 303°, . . y" = 0,42 J
Table B L 200 v»_o ,, (. orforL 288 . . . y" = 0,36
lauie c. L, zyo ,, ,, „ „ „ „ „ / — o>35 >
y' + y" = 45,84
Table C gives, with y' + y" = 45,84, the magnitude of the greatest phase as 8,5 digits.
Table D. L 280 gives, with Q = 24° and A + (A = 303°, . . 0,0 J
Table D L 200 o 2 \ ' or for L 288> for "" moment
LJ. L, zyo „ „ ,, „ ,, ,, . . . u,z )
of the greatest phase 0,2 ghatikas, or ogh. 12 pa. after true sunrise at Dhaka.
EXAMPLE 8. Was the same eclipse visible at Bombay whose latitude, <J5, is 18° 57' X., and
longitude, A, 72° 51' E. ?
Table A gives: 1358 XII 31, i h. 28 m. L = 288° p = 213° y' = 45,48
Bombay has $ = 19° ............... A = 73°
A + jtt = 286"
A + jCt is less than the arguments for which there are values given in Table B 280 and B 290.
This indicates that the greatest phase of the eclipse took place before sunrise and was
therefore invisible. 3
EXAMPLE 9. Was the eclipse of the 7th June, A.D. 1415, visible at Srinagar, whose latitude,
<£, is 34° 6' N., and longitude, A, = 74° 55' E. f
Table A gives: 1415 VI 7, 6h. 14 m. L = 484 pt, = 289° y' — 35,58
Srinagar has 0 =: 34°, and ............. A — 75°
A + it, = 4"
Table B 480 gives, with <p = 34° and A + p = 4° ..... y" = 0,81 /
T ui Ti i/o i, or tor L 404 . • y — 0,8 1
Table B 490 „ „ „ „ „ „ , ..... / = 0,82 )' _L______
y' + y" = 36,39
Table C gives, with y' + y" = 36,39, the magnitude of the greatest phase as 3,3 digits.
1 For the visibility of the beginning of the eclipse see page 111.
2 For the visibility of the end of the eclipse see page 111.
ii6 ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
Table D 480 gives, with cp — 34° and A + ft = 4°, . . . 18,8 |
_ , ,Q , or for L 484, for the moment
Table D 490 „ „ „ „ „ „ „ ... 18,9 ]'
of the greatest phase 18,8 ghatikas, or i8gh. 48 pa. after true sunrise at Srinagar.
EXAMPLE 10. Was the same eclipse visible at Madras, whose latitude, cp, = 13° 5' N., and
longitude, A, 80° if E.?
Table A gives: 1415 VI 7, 6 h. 14 m. L — 484 n = 289° 7' = 35, 58
Madras has <£ = 13°, and . A = 80°
A + it - 9°
Table B. L 480 gives, with cp = 13° and A + p = 9°, y" = 1,15 /
T,M» W r A™ iJi—rrAi Or for L 4^4 ••• 7 = M4
lable c. 1^490 „ „ „ ,, ,, „ „ ....y =1,14] ^
y' + 7" = 36,72
7' + y" is greater than the values contained in Table C.
This indicates that Madras is too much to the south to see the eclipse.
EXAMPLE n. Was the eclipse of the 2Oth August, A.D. 1495, visible at Madras, whose
latitude, (p, is 13° 5' N., and longitude, A, 80° 17' E.?
Table A gives: 1495 VIII 20, 4 h. 5501 L=I55 ^ — 269° 7' = 54,62
Madras has $ — 13° and A := 80°
A + ft = 349°
TableB. Li 50 gives, with 0=13° and A + #4 = 349°, ?"-.= 1,05^ orforL IS5 7»_ I>03
TableB. L 160 „ „ „ „ „ „ y»=l,olV
y' + y =55.65
Table C gives, with y' + y" — 55,65, the magnitude of the greatest phase as 4,4 digits.
Table D. L 150 gives, with <2>rri3° and 7+^^349°; . 12,1) ,. , , .,
J^ or for L 1 5 5, for the greatest
Table D. L 160 „ „ „ „ „ „ . . n,S\
^hase 12.0 ghatikas, or I2gh. opa. after true sunrise at Madras.
EXAMPLE 12. Was the same eclipse visible at Srinagar whose latitude, <£, — 34° 6' N., and
longitude, A, 74° 55' E.?
Table A gives: 1495 VIII 20, 4h. 55m. L=I55 ^^269° 7' = 54,62
Srinagar has <p — 34° A = 75°
A + A* = 344°
TableB. Li 50 gives, with <£ = 34° and 7 + ^ = 344°, 7" =0,72 / Qr for L „_
TableB. L 160 „ „ , •/" — o,6g\'
/' + 7" = 55,33
y' -|- y" is less than the values contained in Table C.
This indicates that Srinagar is too much to the north to see the eclipse.
It was intended that these tables should be accompanied by maps shewing the centre-lines,
across the continent of India, of all eclipses of the sun between A.D. 300 and 1900, but it has
not been found possible to complete them in time, owing to the numerous calculations that have
to be made in order that the path of the shadow may be exactly marked in each case. Such
maps would plainly be of considerable value as a first approximation, and I hope to be able
soon to publish them separately.
Vienna, November, 1895. R. ScHRAM.
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN 1NDI. I.
TABLE A.
Dalr A. 1).
Lanka tin,''
measured
bom
sun •
L.
V-
y'.
Dn!,- A. D.
Lanka t,m>-
conjunction
measured
trnTti
sunrise.
L.
P
\. 1).
Lank:,
conjuii
HM-avlfit
from
suurlsr.
L.
I*-
y'.
301 IV 25
6h. 6m.
434
288
45.46
/*
361 VIII 17
Hi. 12 in.
lit
254
66.00
a
H5 ix 19
2 h. 27 111
176
65.85
/
304 11 22
7 12
733
301
76.10
f
363 I 1
682
191
75.38
a
us vii in
10 8
116
344
*
vi 11 7
4 19
134
25!)
64.72
a'
364 VI 1(1
1 1 5s
85
13
45.57
1
ll'.l XII 3
221
46.15
306 I 31
2 4
712
220
41.112
(f)
VI (i
75
203
56.38
IP)
\I 11
6 41
630
297
54.81
•
nor, VII 27
(i 2f>
123
288
75.47
a
3«7 X 10
5 15
597
275
54.77
t
ill 6
7 29
847
302
••
307 VI 5
4 30
74
265
44 . 27
I
368 l\ ::
22 27
15
168
a
I-.'.', >
9 45
556
340
U.si
')
VI 20
23 27
649
189
75.36
(a)
370 VIII 8
0 40
535
205
65.45
a
v III 19
1 43
546
217
84.14
t
31(1 XI 8
0 12
626
198
74.01
(«)
371 11 2
7 32
314
302
a*
127 Vll 10
9 16
508
335
313 IX 7
4 44
564
265
44.88
1
372 VII 17
2 23
514
227
(}')
12!) XII 12
3 23
243
45.87
314 III 2
23 49
343
185
56.06
P
VI 7
11 32
476
10
t
432 IV 16
10 44
355
84.9]
3ir, VII (i
3 48
503
252
a*
374 XI 20
9 6
239
333
45.21
/
482 X 10
8 28
198
324
75.12
a.
Ml 31
6 18
281
285
55. U
a*
375 XI 10
(1 3S
228
205
t
433 IX 29
10 12
187
347
a*
320 IV 25
1 40
435
219
54.70
n
378 IX s
1(1 (i
166
340
75.23
a
434 11 •;:,
260
:
320 X is
6 57
206
301
U5.8I
t
379 VIII 28
11 27
155
3
65. '.11
a
4?,5 II 11
7 8
727
298
75. K!
i*
324 II 11
10 32
723
347
44.64
t
380 1 i I
4 28
705
260
66.07
P
435 VIII 10
1 37
137
219
t
32.") XII 22
3 18
(171
246
86.01
V
381 1 12
694
310
75 39
a*
436 11 3
6 15
715
290
74.76
326 XII 11
7 37
niio
310
75.37
a
3S1 VII 8
2 32
106
232
34.74
t
438 XII 3
2 10
229
I*
327 VI 6
4 2 '
74
256
31.91!
t*
3S2 I 1
7 6
682
298
74.71
a
440 V 17
3 26
57
245
t
329 X 9
5 38
596
284
Will
P
383 XI 11
7 43
630
3 1C,
46.15
P
442 IX 20
6 40
578
298
a
331 III •-':,
2 16
4
226
75.2!)
a
881 IV 25
22 52
86
178
65.08
a
446 I 1';
7 45
291
308
a
332 III 13
7 29
301
56. 01
(P)
3M! IV 15
5 47
25
279
55.83
t
446 VII 10
1 30
506
217
a*
333 II 1
9 41
313
338
44.02
(0
387 III 6
10 47
346
355
43.94
(P)
447 VI 29
3 48
497
250
74.55
333 \ 11 28
8 18
525
321
76.08
P
3SS VIII 18
7 55
546
314
65.51
a*
449 V 8
2 24
448
233
15 73
I
331 1 22
1 47
303
218
44.70
«
392 VI. 7
5 14
476
274
55.07
a*
454 VIII 10
1 11
138
210
t'
331 VII 17
10 38
514
354
65.31
a
393 V 27
8 38
466
323
74.29
(«)
455 VII 3d
11 31
127
S
66.03
P
338 V ti
8 41
445
325
54.83
a*
393 XI 20
9 30
239
387
45.87
t
457 VI 8
1 32
78
219
a
8311 X 19
7 4
206
301
45.89
1
395 IV 6
4 12
416
258
45.54
t*
457 XII 2
23 55
653
194
54.81
a
311 III 4
5 11
744
269
55.40
t*
399 VII 19
10 9
116
346
34.68
(0
458 V 28
10 35
67
t
346 VI 6
4 38
75
263
45.64
t
400 VII 8
2 43
106
233
45.42
/*
459 V 18
1 48
57
220
3 is IV 15
8 33
26
324
74.47
a
402 V 18
4 5
57
259
74.28
(•»)
459 X 12
10 42
600
2
34S X 9
6 16
597
292
45.45
t*
402 XI 11
8 26
630
325
45.49
t
460 IV 7
11 11
19
3
44.44
(fl
349 IV 4
9 14
15
331
65 . 22
a*
403 V 7
5 34
46
279
65.00
a*
461 III 27
22 36
8
171
r/
352 11 2
10 22
314
346
14,68
t"
407 11 23
23 40
336
184
55.32
a
461 IX 20
1 54
578
224
44.92
r
3.-> 3 VII 17
3 13
5 ] 4
2U
14.61
t
407 VIII 19
1 54
546
222
44.79
<»
462 111 17
2
358
232
75.91
it
351 I 11
5 1)
292
2(i5
76.14
P
408 II 13
4 44
325
76.09
P
KU Ml 20
8 18
518
319
a'
V 2S
4 15
466
261
46.68
I
409 VI 29
2 1
497
4 5. !H
(t)
1 13
5 16
295
269
I
350 \l '.I
0 18
228
201
45.22
t
410 VI IS
11 59
487
15
65.16
a
465 VII 9
10 14
507
346
,„
35S HI x'li
5 11
KM!
274
(!6 . ^'3
(f)
410 XII 12
2 t!)
23C
45.21
t
467 V 19
9 42
458
3 13
1
35!) IX 0
2 3
IM
227
64. 55
a
413 X 11
0 55
199
213
74.45
a
467 XI I"-
0 47
288
211
74.41
n
3fiO III 4
3 5
744
236
44.70
(t)
414 IV f,
2 59
417
238
34.85
t
468 V 8
1 58
448
225
t
360 VIII 28
2 59
155
288
75.28
a*
414 IX 30
0 52
187
209
75.15
a
\l 1
0 6
221
1'J!
it
n8
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE A.
Date A. D.
Lanka time
of
conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
L.
P-
r'.
Date A. D.
Lanka time
of
conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
L.
f*-
y'.
Date A. D.
Lanka time
at
conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
L.
H-
y'.
469 X 21
2h. 13m
20
229
65.77
a
519 VIII 11
Oh. 6m
539
284
74.86
a*
567 VII 21
22 h. 49m.
120
173
35.81
t
472 VIII 20
8 51
14
326
45.18
t*
521 VI 20
7 36
490
311
46.02
P
568 VI 11
7 6
82
304
44.00
\t)
474 I 4
4 10
686
257
46. Id
1>
521 XII 15
1 9
266
213
74.38
(a)
569 XI 24
5 30
645
279
45.01
t
475 VI 19
8 14
88
319
64.67
a
522 VI 10
0 27
480
203
35.26
t*
572 IX 23
3 11
582
246
75.75
a
475 XII 14
8 35
204
322
64.81
<i
522 XII 4
0 14
254
19!
75.06
a
573 III 19
7 lili
1
306
35.08
t*
479 IV 8
5 54
19
282
55.13
a
523 XI 23
3 9
243
242
65.74
a
573 IX 12
3 11
571
243
75.04
a"
47'J X 1
10 12
589
349
44.95
(t)
526 IX 22
8 30
181
323
55.05
t
574 III 9
0 14
350
193
45.74
t
480 IX 20
2 8
579
226
44.26
t
528 II 6
6 15
719
287
46.19
(P)
574 IX 1
5 32
560
27f
64.31
(a)
481 VIII 11
7 24
539
307
56.19
(?)
529 VII 21
4 46
119
266
64.44
a
570 VII 11
22 59
511
179
35.48
I
484 I 14
5 57
296
278
45.86
t
530 I 15
10 5
698
341
64.83
a
577 I 5
0 33
288
200
75.04
a
485 XI 23
8 53
243
332
74.40
(«)
531 VI 30
7 40
99
307
35.95
(t)
577 XII 25
4 30
276
260
65.73
a*
486 V 19
9 30
459
338
35.11
t*
532 XI 12
23 45
633
195
65.72
(a)
580 X 24
9 12
214
336
54.99
a
486 XI 12
8 4
232
318
75.07
a
533 V 10
2 59
50
241
64.91
a
583 VIII 23
2 25
151
232
54.25
a
487 V 9
2 31
449
232
44.37
W
534 IV 29
6 10
40
286
75.69
a
584 II 17
10 37
731
349
64.88
a"
487 XI 1
10 25
220
352
65.76
a
534 X 23
3 43
012
252
44.32
£
585 VIII 1
6 31
130
289
35.75
t
488 III 29
2 49
410
239
66.30
(?)
535 IX 13
6 21
571
294
56.34
(p)
586 XII 16
1 30
667
218
55.72
a
489 III 18
4 59
759
269
75.60
a*
538 II 15
7 43
329
304
45.81
f
587 VI 11
23 13
82
184
64.66
")
489 IX 11
1 39
169
221
44.41
t
539 XII 26
9 14
277
333
74.38
a
588 V 31
1 30
71
216
75.44
«•
490 III 7
5 21
748
271
74.87
a
540 VI 20
7 57
490
314
35.34
t*
589 V 20
2 47
61
234
66.18
(?)
491 II 24
10 57
737
352
54.15
(a)
540 XII 14
8 21
265
819
75.05
a
589 X 15
6 21
004
21)7
66.44
(P)
491 VIII 21
1 50
148
219
65.91
(a)
541 VI 10
0 36
480
203
44.58
(
590 X 4
10 45
593
0
75.78
a*
493 I 4
4 46
686
285
45.50
*
543 IV 20
1 27
431
219
75.80
a
591 IX 23
10 31
582
354
75.08
a
494 VI 19
0 56
88
208
45.37
/*
543 X 14
2 49
202
241
44.33
t
592 III 19
8 15
1
314
45.70
t
496 X 22
6 55
611
303
65.70
*
544 IV 8
2 45
420
235
65.04
a
594 I 27
9 1
310
327
74.33
a
500 II 15
8 37
328
321
54.44
545 III 28
10 6
409
342
54.29
594 VII 23
6 35
522
293
35.55
t
501 VII 30
23 21
528
183
74.79
a
545 IX 22
0 9
181
196
65.78
a
595 I 16
8 33
299
319
75.03
a*
502 VII 20
1 3
518
206
64.05
a)
547 II 6
6 41
719
291
45.55
f*
596 XII 25
0 39
277
199
46.35
(P)
503 VI 10
0 17
479
202
45.95
548 VII 20
22 55
119
176
45.15
598 V 10
23 17
452
186
65.26
I
505 V 19
9 57
459
343
44.44
549 XII 5
2 55
656
243
76.46
(P)
599 IV 30
8 19
441
319
44.48
i
506 XI 1
4 44
221
265
56.38
P}
550 XI 24
8 17
644
323
65.72
a*
601 III 10
7 24
752
304
45.64
508 IX 11
0 30
170
202
55.09
551 V 21
9 48
61
343
64.83
a*
604 I 7
3 30
689
248
76.47
(P)
509 VIII 31
9 8
159
329
65.86
i
554 III 19
8 28
0
321
44.34
604 XII 26
10 7
678
34fi
55.78
•
512 1 5
1 39
6S6
216
64.82
a,
555 III 8
23 31
350
184
45.07
605 VI 22
5 52
92
284
64.58
I
512 VI 29
8 11
98
316
45.30
*
559 VI 21
7 54
490
312
44.66
606 VI 11
7 52
82
312
75.35
a
513 VI 19
0 11
88
195
36.02
P
560 XII 8
7 0
254
297
56.36
f)
608 IV 20
7 19
32
307
44.17
t
514 V 10
9 24
50
338
44.23
561 IV 30
8 1
441
318
75.87
a
609 IV 9
23 24
22
185
34.92
0
515 X 23
3 12
611
246
44.99
*
562 IV 19
9 40
431
340
65.11
a*
613 VII 23
5 52
522
281
44.87
*
516 IV 17
3 33
29
185
75.77
502 X 14
0 52
203
210
55.00
a*
016 V 21
6 3
462
287
65.34
a
517 IV 7
0 1
1!)
190
76.50
(P)
563 X 3
7 50
192
312
75.75
a*
616 XI 15
2 8
236
229
64.97
,*
518 VIII 22
5 13
550
274
65.60
566 II 6
2 35
720
228
64.86
a
617 XI 4
7 :',5
225
309
75.70
**
519 11 15
6 58
328
294
45.14
*
566 VIII 1
6 27
130
290
45.09
*
618 III 31
23 22
413
187
36.37
f)
ECLIPSES OF /'//A .V .v /\ /\ /;/./.
TABLE A.
\ 1)
Lanka time
ol
>rl in!l
from
£,
M-
y'.
l>;iiv A 1)
Lanka time
men
from
sunrise.
L.
It.
-,'
\ i)
Lanka Um<
SDMI
/.
H-
7'.
ci8
7h. 21m.
21!
304
78.81
(P)
Hi;:; v 12
22 h 21 in
54
17
34 7
(0
711 Mil 11
23). 4 in
144
180
74.86
a
111 10
2 10
752
224
114. '.If
a
IV 21
3 1
81
(P)
715 VIII 4
1
134
221
65.61
a
l\ 2
5 48
162
282
44.93
I*
667 VIII Bt
4 25
554
Ml
55.0.
t*
716 VII 23
12 2
12:
10
(/')
C23 Ml 27
8 9
678
315
tt.Ol
t
670 \ 1 -.'3
2 20
493
23
a
719 V 23
23 57
65
LM
56.07
P
624 XII 15
23 58
688
192
44.81
t
11711 XII IS
3 46
270
250
84. t
a
721 IX 26
3 55
(81
8M
55. is
626 X 26
2 18
615
235
75.83
a
671 XII 7
7 58
258
811
76.68
a*
724 VII 21
23 13
183
55.80
a
627 IV 21
7 8
33
302
34.86
t*
672 VI 1
5 36
473
277
34.05
(0
725 I 19
5 0
30:
266
64 94
a
62? X 1 •">
1 42
604
22;
75.14
a*
672 XI 25
7 13
247
301
86.36
P
725 VII 14
11 19
51
:
45.01
t
1 V '.)
23 5 I-
23
191
45.60
t
674 IV 12
0 13
424
198
65.12
a
726 I 8
8 17
KM
811
a
628 \ 3
4 39
593
2(1.
61. H
a
674 .X r,
6 28
195
294
44.83
t
726 VII 4
4 3
504
MM
34.2'
I
630 VIII Hi
22 3
543
166
35. 0-
t
678 I 28
10 25
712
346
45.04
t
726 XII :>
7 28
280
300
7fi :t:
(P)
ii:!l II 7
0 17
321
194
74.91
a
678 VII 24
9 38
123
837
75.01
a*
727 V 25
12 9
466
21
46.09
(P)
I 27
5 47
310
275
55.69
«*
679 VII 13
12 4
113
U
65.76
a
728 XI (1
8 19
228
323
1 1 . 71
t
633 VI 12
9 42
483
34
70.21
(P)
680 XI 27
2 17
649
23:
85.87
a
729 X 27
0 17
217
201
15.44
t
634 XI 2il
10 40
247
856
64.97
(a)
681 V 23
5 52
64
284
34.65
t
732 VI 11 25
6 0
155
285
74.80
a
637 III 31
23 7
414
182
45 . 7-
t
681 XI 1(1
1 28
637
220
75.19
a*
733 VIII 14
9 7
144
'•
637 IX ~H
1 32
183
222
54.13
(*)
682 V 12
22 27
54
171
45 . 4(
I
734 XII SO
2 29
682
232
85.89
a
638 III -M
9 41
403
338
(15. 01
a*
682 XI :.
5 10
626
274
64.49
(«)
735 VI 25
4 17
96
260
84.41
t
639 IX H
6 14
162
287
t
686 II 2S
6 8
343
281
55.61
i
785 XII 19
1 54
671
75.20
a*
641 I 17
3 12
700
241
55.73
a*
688 VII 3
9 12
504
334
55.66
a
737 X 28
7 17
619
311
(P)
(112 MI 27
8 50
679
82.
44.35
(I)
692 IV 22
7 15
435
304
65.19
a*
740 IV 1
5 25
15
273
I*
643 VI 21
22 36
92
171
65.93
a
693 IV 11
9 48
424
339
74.43
a
742 VIII 5
6 25
535
292
55.86
643 XI 17
7 15
638
310
66. '48
(P)
693 X 5
7 6
195
302
45.50
1*
746 V 25
3 39
466
251
65.43
a
r.H XI 5
10 14
626
:',.-)
75.85
a*
695 11 19
4 13
733
255
55.78
;*
747 V 14
5 32
456
74.66
645 X 25
9 30
818
84]
75.16
a
697 I 2S
11 4
712
354
44.37
t
747 XI 7
9 1
228
332
•
Till] IV 21
7 32
88
301
45.54
t
698 XII 8
10 23
660
85.87
(•»)
749 III 23
4 11
MM
258
45.89
t
648 II 29
7 38
343
307
74.24
a
699 XI 27
9 34
648
340
75.19
a
758 I 9
10 2S
fi'.Ki
851
85.90
-
648 VIII 21
5 57
285
88.72
1
700 V 23
5 47
65
281
45.33
(0
75S XII 21)
10 3
881
344
75.21
a
649 11 17
7 B8
832
310
74.96
a*
702 IV 2
4 52
15
269
74.07
a
754 VI 25
3 31
96
247
45.10
*
(150 VIII 3
5 3 Si
588
275
04.21
W
702 IX 28
6 21
586
21i t
45.84
756 X 28
7 51
619
318
45.91
c,:,l I 27
2 48
310
229
46.32
P
703 III 22
6 16
4
287
64.83
a
757 IV 23
3 30
36
MB
64.63
a
C>5 1 XII 18
7 30
269
308
4 1 . 211
t
704 IX 4
3 3
565
239
64.88
a
758 X 7
1 35
597
2111
74.50
VI 1
6 5
473
286
44.71
*
705 II 28
4 4
343
249
46.24
9
759 IV 2
4 14
15
254
36.11
653 XI 25
23 48
247
191
<•)
705 VII 25
11 40
525
12
76 . 53
/>)
760 II 21
11 5
336
359
•
655 IV 12
6 46
424
298
45.80
706 I 19
9 46
303
339
H.27
761 VI 11 5
2 25
535
230
15 1 I
*
l\ 3
5 51
163
279
46.29
i
707 VII 4
3 56
504
252
44.94
*
768 I 30
0 4
314
189
a
659 VII 25
1 57
124
224
64.33
a
707 XII 211
0 14
281
194
75.67
768 I 18
*3 27
303
178
76.31
660 1 18
1 45
701
217
45.03
709 V 14
4 57
456
272
46.01
(p)
764 VI 4
0 17
477
351
65.51
i*
(1(10 VII 13
3 5
113
2311
75.09
-*
710 X 26
3 35
217
192
44.80
764 XI 28
2 0
250
227
44.78
661 VII -2
5 IS
102
271
65 . S4
712 X 5
6 3
195
285
56.20
)
766 XI 7
7 13
229
303
56.17
,
662
5 31
64
281
43.97
IP)
714 II 19
3 27
734
242
*
767 IV 3
1 56
417
15
45.94
D
KCI.IPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE A.
Date A. D.
Lanka time
of
conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
I.
!*•
y'.
Date A. D.
Lanka time
of
conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
I.
!•>••
y>.
Date A. D.
Lanka time
of
conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
L.
(*•
y'.
768 III 23
1 h. 2 m.
406
254
35.20
*
815 IX 7
Ih. 59m.
568
226
45.29
861 III 15
7h. 50m.
759
313
76.08
(?)
769 IX I
23 55
166
192
65.44
a
816 III 2
22 42
347
170
75.53
«)
862 III 4
9 21
748
332
65.34
a*
770 VIII 25
10 53
155
354
46.14
P
817 II 19
22 41
336
167
76.23
P)
862 VIII 28
23 40
159
190
54.71
\
772 VII 5
10 45
106
355
45.03
818 VII 7
6 1
508
286
65.77
a
863 VIII 18
6 23
149
288
65.47
i*
772 XII 28
.23 44
682
187
64.52
a
818 XII 31
4 41
284
263
44.77
t)
864 VIII 6
7 20
138
300
76.22
(?)
775 V 4
10 25
46
353
64.56
a)
819 VI 26
7 4
497
300
75.01
a,*
866 VI 16
9 5
88
331
44.97
i*
775 X 29
4 27
619
265
65.25
a*
820 XII 9
8 57
262
326
66.17
P
866 XII 11
1 25
664
215
74.58
a
779 II 21
5 11
336
268
64.88
a.
821 V 5
10 39
448
358
46.11
(!'•}
867 VI 6
1 57
78
222
35.71
I
779 VIII 16
10 8
546
346
45.20
t
822 IV 25
3 31
438
249
35.37
*
869 X 9
2 49
600
241
45.39
/*
780 II 10
7 45
325
305
75.61
a
823 X 7
23 22
198
187
65.33
a
873 II 1
6 56
317
295
44.74
t
780 VIII 5
2 57
536
236
34.47
t
824 IX 26
11 2
187
359
46.01
a
873 VII 28
2 35
529
233
75.26
a"
781 VI 26
9 28
498
339
56.33
(?)
826 VIII 7
8 40
138
324
54.82
t
874 VII 17
6 9
518
284
54.50
a
782 XII 9
10 54
262
359
44.78
w
829 VI 5
6 58
78
301
54.33
a
876 V 27
2 12
470
230
35.58
t
783 XI 29
2 41
251
235
45 45
I*
829 XI 30
5 41
653
282
65.27
a
877 XI 9
0 12
231
200
65.28
a
786 IV 3
11 58
417
14
35 . 25
w
831 V 15
10 57
57
357
35.86
I
878 V 6
4 22
449
258
64.02
(a)
786 IX 27
3 46
187
254
74.66
a
833 III 25
3 53
8
252
64.74
a
880 IX 8
7 20
170
306
54.66
(t)
787 III 24
4 20
407
256
44.52
I
833 IX 17
10 7
57S
348
45.33
t
883 VII 8
3 42
109
251
54.10
(a)
787 IX 16
7 34
176
308
65.39
a*
834 III 14
5 55
358
279
75.49
a*
884 1 2
7 1
686
298
65.28
a
789 I 31
2 8
716
225
75.93
a.
834 IX 7
2 42
568
234
44.63
(0*
884 XII 21
9 31
675
335
74.58
a
789 VII 27
•i 55
127
239
34.22
t
835 III 3
6 12
346
280
76.19
(P)
885 VI 16
9 24
89
334
35.64
t
790 1 20
2 12
704
224
75.23
a*
836 VII 17
12 39
518
25
65.85
(a)
888 IV 15
2 40
BO
234
75.30
a*
791 I 9
8 14
693
313
54.52
(«)
837 XII 31
5 16
284
270
45.44
i*
888 X 9
3 33
601
250
44.72
t
791 VII 6
2 57
106
236
65.75
n
840 V 5
11 9
449
4
35.43
i*
889 ]V 4
3 54
19
249
66.03
/'
792 XI 19
1 17
641
218
45.93
^
840 X 29
2 57
220
243
74.59
a.
890 VIII 19
8 58
550
331
76.07
/'
794 V 4
3 49
47
252
45.27
(*
841 IV 25
3 22
439
246
44.69
t,
891 VIII 8
9 18
539
334
'75.34
a'
796 IX 6
4 53
567
271
56.02
P
841 X 18
7 31
209
310
65.30
a
892 II 2
7 19
318
299
45 . 41
£*
800 VI 25
23 27
498
188
65.69
a
843 III 5
0 38
748
204
76.03
P
894 VI 7
9 40
480
341
35.65
t
801 VI 15
0 42
487
205
74.92
a
843 V11I 29
2 16
159
231
44.05
(t)
894 XII 1
3 14
254
246
74.56
(a)
802 VI 4
3 3
476
238
64.16
a
844 II 22
1 45
737
217
65.30
a*
895 V 28
1 23
470
216
44.90
I
802 XI 29
0 21
251
198
56.17
(P)
845 II 10
9 20
726
329
54.57
t
895 XI 20
8 42
243
327
65.27
a"
803 IV 25
3 10
438
245
46.05
(P)
845 VIII 6
23 23
138
182
65.53
a
897 IV 5
21 46
420
164
76.19
(}>)
806 IX 16
2 50
177
235
46.05
(P)
846 XII 2-2
3 42
675
251
55.94
t
898 III 26
0 11
410
197
65.43
a
807 II 11
9 47
727
340
75.96
(a.)
848 VI 5
1 47
78
221
45.05
t*
899 III 15
9 28
759
333
54.67
t
808 I 31
10 10
715
343
75.25
a*
850 X 9
4 50
600
273
56.11
P
901 I 23
5 46
708
279
55.97
t
808 VII 27
1 18
127
213
44.89
t*
851 IV 5
11 6
1!
1
64.68
(«)
902 VII 7
23 49
109
191
44.82
t
809 VII 16
9 42
117
337
65.68
a
853 IX 7
1 31
568
215
53.92
(?)
904 XI 10
6 4
633
291
56.14
t>
810 XI 30
10 5
652
349
45.93
(0
854 II 1
7 23
317
303
54.05
t
905 V 7
7 52
51
315
64.47
a
812 V 14
11 10
57
C
45.20
t*
856 VII 5
23 16
508
181
64.42
(a)
906 IV 26
9 20
40
334
75.22
a*
812 XI 8
1 11
630
214
74.55
a
856 XII 31
2 5
285
220
66.17
P
907 X 10
1 34
601
218
54.01
w
813 V 4
3 24
47
244
35.93
I
859 V 6
10 48
449
357
44.76
t
908 III 5
8 9
350
316
43.98
(P)
814 III 25
11 4
8
1
44.0"
(t)
860 X 8
3 52
209
253
45.96
t
911 11 2
3 10
318
234
66.15
P
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN l\ l\ni /
TA MU'I A.
|):iii' A 1)
Lftnkii Mm''
of
OOnJurii-tiim
ured
L.
ft-
•y'.
ll.-llr A 1)
of
suiirlM*.
/,
p.
y'-
\ H.
m»-a
fr. .in
ris«.
F
VI 7
S 1, 35 m.
480
323
14.98
I*
mm V 28
4 li. 15 m
71
71.1)7
««
1 13
21, M MI
45.90
1
911 \l 20
5 58
284
US. 98
/.
1161 V 17
7 27
61
(•,:, . 73
tt
1007 V 11)
299
!•
mi; iv 5
7 26
420
307
c,:, ts
a
in;.-) ill 6
3 0
288
66.07
P
1(112 VIII 20
5 32
t
«.Hti !
23 0
192
183
64.68
(a)
11117 VII lo
(i 2
M2
55.21
t*
1014 I 4
I 12
(11)0
211
45.45
/•
017 l\ l'.»
4 0
1S1
255
75.32
a*
968 XII 22
S 31
277
819
t
1014 VI 29
23 58
103
194
(*)
918 13 ^
4 7
170
254
76.04
'/')
970 V 8
I 3S
152
55.68
a
1015 VI 111
3 4C,
'.12
249
a
i 23
23 34
708
85.80
(«)
970 XI 1
23 21
UUP
64.52
a
1019 IV S
23
65.93
a
920 VFI 18
7 17
120
303
14.75
I
971 X 22
2 49
75.22
a*
1021 VIII 11
3 41
t
921 1 12
1 .",4
691
213
74. (iO
«
972 IV 16
S 23
431
818
34.17
(0
1024 VI 9
1 27
188
1121 VII s
0 23
110
198
35.49
t*
972 \ in
2 19
2(12
75 . (12
a
1024 Ml l
0 21
258
203
a
923 XI 11
4 47
633
270
45. 13
t*
974 II 21
23 24
742
183
66.88
M
1025 XI 23
2 ::r,
247
76.18
a'
927 HI 6
8 14
860
316
1 1 . 66
t
974 VIII 20
6 18
289
H .57
t
1026 V 19
7 15
303
31 37
I
927 VIII :-".!
23 9
560
183
75.46
a
1)75 II 14
0 52
730
74.66
a
1026 M 12
75.86
a
929 i
0 7
840
191
IB. 87
t
1)75 VIII 9
23 17
HI
182
86. M
t
1027 XI 1
5 37
224
278
66.50
(/')
928 VIII IS
3 :! 1.
550
246
54.70
a*
977 Xll 13
667
307
45.44
i*
1028 IX 21
r, 27
184
294
14 II
(0
!)30 VI 29
0 31
5(11
204
35.80
I
978 VI 8
11 9
82
2
74.88
a
1029 IX 10
23 2
178
181
M
931 XII I-.'
222
55.26
«*
978 XII 2
23 2
656
180
44.71
(0
1032 I 15
10 1
701
342
(•
935 IV 0
0 58
420
208
14.77
t
980 V 17
0 14
61
196
46.37
(p)
11132 VII 10
118
291
a
'.);!,-, l\ -M
11 29
192
8
75.28
(«)
981 IV 7
8 20
22
320
t
1033 I 4
1 29
890
213
44.78
t
i)36 ix is
11 20
180
8
75.99
a,
982 III 2S
0 11
12
I'.ir,
15.25
I
1033 VI 29
10 37
102
351
n*
937 II 13
22 37
731
172
56.01
00
982 IX 20
2 22
582
231
54.85
a*
1034 VI 18
22 0
92
161
10.18
P
938 11 3
7 31)
720
306
55. 8S
a*
984 VII 30
23 9
533
183
36.01
(0
1035 V 10
7 25
54
308
939 I 23
9 27
708
331
74.61
a,
986 I 13
3 41
2'.)'.!
245
55.25
t
1036 IV 28
22 56
44
179
15.07
I.
939 VII 19
7 57
120
311
35.42
t*
988 V 18
1 1 35
462
11
a
1036 X 22
2 38
615
237
a*
nil) VII 7
23 54
110
189
46.11)
(P)
988 XI 12
7 39
236
313
64.51
(")
1039 VIII 22
11 7
554
2
/
942 V 17
22 21
61
170
75.06
a
989 V 7
23 32
452
188
44.96
t
1040 II 15
4 54
332
263
t
912 XI 11
5 26
634
278
44.77
I
989 XI 1
10 39
225
357
75.21
w
1042 VI 20
8 25
494
323
55.98
•I
'.1 H! V 7
0 40
50
203
65.81
a*
990 X 21
10 1
213
345
75.89
a
1042 XII 16
8 47
109
327
a
9U IX 20
6 21
5S2
295
76.23
P
991 III 18
22 47
403
177
56.12
P
1043 VI 9
21. 39
(S3
160
t
945 IX 9
6 19
571
292
75.52
a*
992 III 7
7 1
752
298
65.42
a*
1043 XII 4
10 39
258
355
85.18
a
94(1 III 0
8 17
351
315
45.34
I
993 II 24
8 21
741
315
74.70
a
1044 XI 22
9 53
247
342
75.85
a
948 VII '.)
8 2
511
316
35.87
t
1)93 VIII 20
7 5
152
299
35.24
t*
1045 IV 19
21 32
435
161
56.29
(P)
949 VI 2S
22 53
501
177
15.18
1
995 I 4
1 32
689
218
56.14
P
1046 IV 9
4 50
425
26S
a
949 XII 22
10 30
270
350
55.26
a
996 XII 13
7 53
668
312
44.78
1
1017 III 29
5 5 1
414
2S]
74.84
a
950 VI 18
7 21
till
302
61.33
a
998 X 23
5 0
615
277
7li . 33
(P)
1047 IX 22
7 11
184
304
45 . 1 1
I
952 IV 2(i
21 39
HI
161
55.61
(a)
999 X 12
4 50
004
272
75.63
a
1048 111 17
7 12
403
298
64.12
M
953 IV 16
8 34
431
323
14.88
I*
1000 IV 7
7 54
2:1
312
45.20
t*
10W II 5
3 17
723
16.17
p
955 II 25
6 49
741
296
56.04
1>
1000 IX 30
10 18
593
351
54.89
(a)
1051 I 15
10 12
701
313
•U.7D
i
95S VII 19
7 13
121
298
46.13
!>
1001 IX 19
22 57
582
178
44.18
(0
1052 M M
4 41
648
271
p
958 XII 13
8 6
667
319
56.14
(P)
1002 VIII 11
6 48
543
46.07
P
1053 XI 13
4 41
r,37
270
a'
959 VI 9
3 42
82
252
64.21
a
1004 VII 20
3 18
241
64.58
a
1054 V 10
6 16
55
289
45 . 00
t*
122
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE A.
Date A. D.
Lanka time
of
conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
L.
F-
v'. •
Date A. D.
Lanka time
of
conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
L.
(*•
y>.
Date A. D.
Lanka time
of
conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
L.
P-
V'-
1054 XI 2
11 h. Om.
626
3
54.95
(a)
1107 xn 16
5h. 22m.
671
276
75.69
a*
1161 I 28
4k 34m.
715
263
76.43
w
1055 X 23
0 9
615
198
44.26
(0
1108 VI 11
3 46
86
252
44.77
^
1162 I 17
6 8
704
284
65.71
a*
1056 IX 12
6 24
575
295
46.23
<J>)
1109 V 31
11 41
75
8
65.57
a
1162 VII 14
0 58
117
209
54.53
t
1058 VIII 21
23 48
554
190
74.79
a
1109 XI 24
2 21
648
230
44.30
(i)
1163 VII 3
7 25
107
303
65.31
(t*
1059 II 15
4 8
332
250
45 86
t
1110 X 15
7 3
608
307
46.32
p
1364 VI 21
8 29
96
318
76.08
(P)
1059 VIII 11
0 16
543
194
74.04
(a.)
1113 III 19
4 58
5
265
35.75
i
1164 XI 16
8 39
641
330
56.37
P
1061 VI 20
5 0
494
270
35.26
[t
1115 VII 23
3 23
525
245
35.47
t
1166 V 1
11 53
47
14
44.87
(t)
1064 IV 19
11 47
435
13
65.65
(a)
1118 V 22
7 54
467
316
65.89
a
1167 IV 21
4 40
37
263
35.60
t
1064, X 12
23 15
206
188
44.39
i
1118 XI 15
1 18
239
218
44.35
(t)
1168 IX 3
11 39
567
13
56.41
P
1066 IX 22
4 44
185
265
55.82
a
1119 V 11
8 43
456
326
75.13
a*
1169 VIII 24
2 32
557
234
35.65
t
1068 II 6
3 25
723
242
45.48
I*
1120 X 24
4 58
218
270
65.75
«*
1172 I 27
1 32
314
209
56.42
/'
1069 VII 21
0 31
123
200
55.24
a*
1122 III 10
4 37
756
262
45.57
/*
1173 VI 12
4 4
487
256
65.39
a
1070 VII 10
12 40
113
20
45.98
1
1123 VIII 22
22 17
155
168
55.05
(0
1174 VI 1
8 22
477
319
54.61
a
1073 V 9
22 17
55
167
65.73
a
1124 VIII 11
11 16
145
0
45.78
!*
1174 XI 26
6 0
251
284
65.73
a"
1074 IV 29
0 20
44
196
76.50
(p)
1126 VI 22
10 51
96
357
54.69
(t)
1176 IV 11
4 37
428
265
35.71
t
1075 III 19
10 59
4
359
64.37
(a)
1129 IV 20
8 55
36
331
54.21
a
1178 III 21
4 47
407
202
64.21
(a)
1075 IX 13
2 12
575
230
55.59
a
1129 X 15
1 42
608
225
65.69
a
1178 IX 13
10 59
177
359
45.62
t*
1076 IX 1
6 51
565
297
74.85
a
1130 X 4
4 47
597
269
74.98
a*
1180 VII 24
8 5
128
315
54.46
(0
1079 VII 1
12 24
504
20
35.33
I
1131 IX 23
4 32
586
262
74.27
(a)
1181 I 16
23 19
704
180
54.99
0
1079 Xn 26
2 47
280
234
85.16
a
1133 VIII 2
11 0
536
359
35.54
/*
1183 V 23
6 9
68
290
54.00
(p)
1080 VI 20
5 41
494
278
34.59
t
1134 I 27
2 34
314
228
75.12
a
1183 XI 17
2 9
641
231
65.74
a
1080 XII 14
2 11
269
224
75.83
a
1134 VII 23
4 12
526
255
34.80
t*
1184 XI 5
3 54
630
256
75.06
a*
1081 XII 3
6 56
258
295
66.47
(P)
1135 I 16
2 35
302
227
75.81
a*
1185 V 1
12 22
47
19
35.53
0
1083 X 13
23 52
206
196
45.06
t
1137 XI 15
1 41
240
222
45.02
*
1185 X 25
3 25
619
247
74.37
a
1086 VIII 12
2 27
145
232
74.39
a
1140 IX 12
23 45
177
194
74.22
a
1187 IX 4
10 30
568
354
35.70
I*
1087 II 6
3 21
723
240
44.81
t
1141 III 10
4 3
756
252
44.90
t
1188 II 29
1 20
347
211
75.04
a
1087 VIII 1
7 39
134
307
55.17
I*
1141 IX 2
5 50
166
282
54.99
i*
1188 VIII 24
3 18
558
244
44.99
t*
1089 VI 11
5 50
86
284
34.11
i
1143 VIII 12
11 52
145
8
36.41
(p)
1189 II 17
2 22
336
224
75.74
a.*
1090 XI 24
4 4
648
257
54.96
a
1144 XII 26
6 3
682
283
54.97
1190 VII 4
9 47
508
343
66.23
P
1091 V 21
S 1
65
269
65.65
a
1145 VI 22
0 51
96
205
'65.40
a*
1191 VI 23
10 30
498
353
65.48
a*
1093 IX 23
9 55
586
347
65.63
a*
1146 VI 11
2 7
86
223
76.17
(P)
1191 XII 18
4 0
273
254
55.01
f
1094 III 19
5 8
4
269
45.09
^*
1147 X 26
9 46
619
346
65.71
a*
1193 VI 1
3 8
477
239
43.95
(P)
1097 I 16
9 40
303
337
74.47
a
1148 IV 20
4 20
36
260
44.93
*
1195 IV 12
3 23
428
245
45.04
t
1098 I 5
10 47
292
353
85.15
a,
1151 II 18
9 36
336
336
74.40
(i
1195 X 5
5 28
198
280
54.88
t
1100 V 11
1 18
456
217
65.80
a
1152 II 7
10 18
325
344
75.10
a*
1197 IX 13
11 42
177
8
46.27
(P)
1101 IV 30
2 10
445
228
75.05
a*
1153 I 26
10 37
314
347
75.79
(a)
1198 II 7
22 20
726
167
65.74
(a)
1101 X 24
8 23
217
324
45.04
t
1153 VII 23
2 35
526
229
44.09
1199 I 28
7 51
715
308
55.00
t
1102 IV 19
4 43
435
263
64.30
a)
1155 VI 1
21 38
477
160
65.30
a
1201 XI 27
10 26
653
355
75.75
(a)
1103 III 10
4 7
755
257
46.24
(P)
1155 XI 26
10 26
251
353
45.01
1202 V 23
2 48
68
238
34.72
t
1106 VIII 1
3 38
134
245
45.84
1156 V 21
1 30
466
216
54.53
a
1202 XI 16
11 49
641
14
85.07
(a)
1106 XII 27
4 47
682
268
86.40
P
1160 IX 2
2 56
166
237
45.67
1205 III 22
8 7
9
317
74.27
a
ECLIPSES (>/• /'//A' SUN IN IN/)/ I
TABLE A.
\ 1).
of
('rum
sunrise.
£.
P.
y>.
D.-II. A. D.
Lanka time
of
OONJUI!
ured
from
sunrise.
L.
f-
y
\ II
or
from
sunrise.
L.
f<
y'-
1201; 11! 11
8h. B
358
321
74.99
a"
1253 III 1
51m.
748
324
45.07
F*
1300 VIII 15
91, 47m.
550
341
1200 l\ 1
11 12
568
3
45.04
t
1255 I 10
4 0
697
255
56.41
(f)
1301 VIII I
J3 3S
540
186
11 2s
10 4
34(i
340
65.71
W
1256 VI 24
1 1
99
210
84.50
t
1302 VI 2>;
9 15
501
335
i
\ MT25
0 43
558
203
54. 2S
1
1258 VI 3
9 :,:i
79
340
46.03
(P)
1303 VI 15
22 40
491
175
55.48
1211 XII 7
1 40
262
216
70. tr,
</>)
1260 IV 12
5 40
3(1
280
74.82
a
1303 XII 9
265
321
54.81
1213 IV 22
10 52
439
358
15. 10
/*
1260 X (i
11 38
801
12
45.15
(0
1304 VI 4
5 5
481
270
a*
121 1. X 5
8 28
199
248
45.56
1*
1261 IV 1
8 26
19
319
65.56
a,
1304 XI 27
J2 ts
254
177
45.49
121ti II 19
6 16
737
287
65.76
a*
1261 IX 25
23 44
590
191
54.41
a
1307 IV 3
8 49
421
326
15.1'.'
* '
1217 VIII t
3 19
138
243
75.08
a*
1262 VIII 1C,
12 10
550
21
76.54
(f)
1310 VII 2C,
23 31
131
187
0
1218 I 28
7 23
716
299
44.33
(0
12(15 I 18
23 55
307
187
65.71
i
1312 VII 5
7 19
111
301
121^ Ml 21
3 33
127
249
75.83
«*
1266 I 8
1 51
295
215
86.44
>/')
1314 V 15
1 38
61
221
74.59
1
1220 VI 2
10 12
78
349
34.65
t
1267 V 25
8 36
470
325
55.32
<*
1315 V 4
5 51
51
282
55 3(1
a9
1221 V 23
3 29
68
246
35.39
I"
1268 XI 6
5 11
232
274
45.50
t*
1315 \ 2S
23 47
623
193
111. IS
a
1228 IX 20
2 49
589
241
45.78
t
1270 III 23
5 24
410
276
55.87
a
1317 IX 6
10 2
571
348
65. M
a
122(1 II 28
2 15
347
221
56.34
f
1271 IX 6
0 1
170
196
74.88
a
1319 II 20
J3 59
340
189
a
1227 1 111
6 31
306
290
44 . 83
t
1272 III 1
8 55
74S
323
44.40
t
1319 VIII 16
7 20
650
302
44.46
0
1227 VII 14
23 32
518
188
65.64
&
1272 VIII 25
0 11
159
195
75.61
a
1320 II 10
1 22
329
207
76.89
i
VII 3
3 4
508
269
54.85
,*
1274 VII 5
8 28
110
321
34.43
I
1321 VI 20
5 39
502
280
55.56
XII 28
7 18
284
300
65.73
0*
1275 VI 25
1 51
100
221
35.17
t*
1322 XII 9
7 41
265
809
45.48
*
1230 V 14
3 34
460
251
85.90
t
1277 X 2s
4 17
622
264
45.85
t
1324 IV 24
3 31
442
251
5(1.03
3
1232 IV 22
2 16
439
227
64.38
(a)
1280 IV 1
1 57
19
220
46.21
P
1325 X 7
21 55
167
74.75
"1
1233 X r,
4 13
199
257
46.21
(f}
1281 II 20
8 20
339
317
M.87
t
1826 IV 8
9 17
421
332
1231 VIII 26
5 47
159
283
54.26
W
1282 II 9
23 7
329
177
54.96
W
1328 VIII 6
7 11
141
303
I)
1235 II 19
0 38
737
200
45.04
t
1282 VIII 5
2 25
539
230
55.07
t*
1329 VII 27
0 18
131
197
54. M
*
123.1 VIII 15
10 6
149
345
75.00
a
1288 I 80
8 5
318
309
65.70
a
1831 XI N
6 38
656
297
45.87
*
1236 VIII 3
10 31
138
349
75.75
a*
1284 VI 15
1 53
491
225
36.12
(f)
1382 V 25
8 9
72
318
(
1237 XII 19
3 3
675
241
75.77
a*
1285 XI 27
23 40
254
191
54.81
t
1334 V 4
0 42
51
203
46.02
1238 XII S
3 50
664
252
85.09
a
1287 XI 7
5 49
232
282
46.17
P
1335 III 25
9 0
12
330
44.16
1239 VI 3
10 58
79
358
35.32
t*
1289 111 23
0 56
410
207
45.14
t
1336 IX 0
0 57
571
210
1239 XI 27
3 29
652
247
74.41
(a)
1289 IX *16
7 11
181
304
74.83
a
1337 HI 3
7 42
351
305
115.02
1240 V 23
2 40
(ill
232
46.10
P
129(1 IX 5
7 15
170
8ot
75.55
a*
1339 VII 7
12 37
512
24
5C.M
12 H \ ii
11 11 _
600
7
45.81
(0
1291 VIII 25
11 59
159
11
56.26
P
1339 XII 31
1 49
287
220
I
1242 IX 26
3 22
590
248
45.12
<*
1292 I 21
3 39
708
248
75.80
a»
1341 XII 9
8 8
266
314
46.15
l>
1243 III 22
1 6
8
65.62
a*
1293 I 9
3 . 53
697
250
85.12
a
1342 V 5
10 44
452
359
56.09
(!')
1245 VII 25
6 10
581
287
65.72
it
1293 VII 5
9 18
110
332
35.10
(
1313 IV 25
0 14
442
199
45.30
'*
1246 1 19
6 9
:!07
283
54.99
t
1293 XII 2!
4 7
686
252
74. 14
a
1343 X 19
5 30
213
281
74.72
a
1247 VII 4
1 8
508
208
44.18
(I)
1294 VI 25
0 12
100
194
45. SS
t
1344 X 7
5 26
202
a*
1248 V 24
11 4
470
3
35.97
I
1296 X 28
4 30
623
8M
45.19
t'
1345
10 58
191
358
56.11
f
1249 V 14
1 27
460
218
55.84
t*
1297 IV 22
22 4S
40
176
65.43
a
1346 II 22
3 17
741
24:
75.87
a
1249 XI fi
6 27
231
295
54.82
t
1299 VIII 27
2 50
561
239
65.93
(«)
1347 11 11
3 19
730
241
75.r
a
1250 V 3
9 8
449
331
01. 15
a
1300 II 21
7 25
340
302
54.94
I*
1847 VIII 7
7 54
142
312
44.89
t
17
124
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE A.
Date A IX
Lanka time
of
Conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
/,.
>*•
y'.
Mali- i I)
Lanka timi'
of
conjunction
measured
from
Ditee.
L.
P.
y'.
Hair \. 1)
Lanka time
of
conjunction
miMsuri'd
from
sum •
L.
//.
*•
KilS VII 26
21 h. 38 in.
131
155
55.67
(0
1391 IV 5
5 h. 50 in.
23
280
65.48
a
1447 IX 10
71i. 29m.
576
311
66. «
P
I860 NI :m
6 26
656
293
i
1393 VIII 8
9 42
544
341
55.87
a
1448 III 5
4 45
354
264
14.71
t
1 354 11T 25
7 22
12
304
54.82
I*
1394 II 1
3 42
321
246
44.78
(t)
1448 VIII 29
10 1
505
340
75.33
ft
1354 IX 17
8 46
582
328
55.29
t
1397 V 26
22 48
473
178
35.51
t
1451 XII 23
5 0
280
269
34.64
,,\
1355 IX 6
23 7
572
181
4 t . 56
(0
1398 XI 9
5 1
235
272
75.35
a*
1452 XII 11
5 35
269
277
75 . 33
a
1358 I 10
10 30
299
349
54.80
I
1400 III 26
1 29
414
218
76.00
a
1453 VI 7
5 3
485
268
44.20
t
1358 VII 7
0 36
512
202
64 . 95
a*
1401 III 15
1 36
403
217
75.28
a
1454 IV 27
22 14
446
172
76.20
P
xn si
1 28
288
213
45.48
t
1401 IX 8
7 14
174
305
44.73
t
1455 IV 16
22 38
435
175
75.46
a
1359 VI 26
1 21
501
211
64.1!)
(a)
1402 III 4
4 8
752
252
64.55
(a)
1456 IV 5
2 40
424
233
64.70
a
1361 V 5
7 49
452
313
35.37
t
1405 I 1
8 36
600
321
55.23
t*
1459 II 3
10 17
723
345
55.26
t*
1362 IV 25
0 54
442
208
34 . 03
w
1406 VI 16
6 15
93
286
35.72
t
1460 VII 18
4 31
124
259
35.50
t
1364 III 4
10 51
752
357
75.90
(a)
1407 VI 5
23 27
83
183
36.43
(!')
1461 VII 7
21 50
114
157
36.22
(/'}
UC.S II 21
10 53
741
.'555
75.20
a
1408 IV 26
5 55
44
285
54.65
t
1461 XII 2
1 14
659
217
66.16
1'
1366 VIII 7
4 52
148
264
55.60
t
1408 X 19
9 9
615
336
55.38
t
1462 V 29
3 20
76
246
54.42
t
1367 VII 27
11 17
181
358
66.41
(]'}
1409 X 8
23 47
604
194
44.67
t
1462 XI 21
10 44
648
359
55.41
(t)
1367 XII 22
0 25
678
202
45.88
(t)
1412 II 12
12 10
332
13
44.76
(t)
1463 V 18
9 10
65
882
65.19
it*
1369 VI 5
2 46
82
235
55.13
t*
1413 II 1
3 48
321
246
45.45
I*
1463 XI 11
1 35
637
220
44.73
t
1369 XI 30
0 37
656
204
64.51
a
1415 VI 7
6 14
484
289
35.58
t
1464 V 6
9 57
55
342
75.95
(a)
1371 X 9
8 38
604
330
66.09
P
1416 V 26
23 37
474
189
34.84
t
1467 III 6
5 14
354
269
45.37
I*
1373 III 24
22 37
12
171
65.54
a
1419 III 26
8 45
414
325
75.34
a*
1469 VII 9
4 35
515
263
35.80
t
1373 IX 17
7 12
582
303
44.60
(0
1420 IX 8
3 4
174
240
55.43
a*
1470 VI 28
21 53
505
162
35.06
t
1374 III 13
23 40
1
183
76.28
t
1421 VIII 28
7 50
163
309
76.21
(?)
1473 IV 27
5 24
446
278
75.53
a.
1375 II 1
8 42
321
323
64.05
(a)
1422 I 23
2 54
712
236
45.90
t
1474 IV 16
9 57
435
343
54.76
a
1375 VII 29
2 37
533
234
55.79
a
1423 VII 7
23 46
113
190
54.89
t
1474 X 11
2 15
207
231
65.32
a*
1376 VII 17
7 8
522
30(1
65.04
a*
1424 1 2
1 40
690
215
74.52
(a)
1475 IX 30
5 27
195
276
76.07
P
1377 I 10
10 19
299
345
45.47
I
1425 XI 10
8 39
637
330
66.15
P
1476 II 25
4 36
745
262
45.96
I
1377 VII 6
7 48
512
308
64.28
w
1428 X 9
0 25
605
201
44.00
t
1478 VII 29
12 4
135
13
35.43
t
1377 XII 31
1 44
288
215
46.15
f
1429 III 5
8 40
354
324
63.98
(P)
1479 XII 13
9 37
670
342
66.16
w
1378 V 27
1 1
473
213
56.23
(>'}
1430 VIII 19
3 9
554
242
75.27
a*
1480 VI 8
10 18
86
350
54.. 34
(0
13SO V 5
8 34
453
323
34.70
I
1431 VIII 8
3 37
543
246
'64.52
a
1481 XI 21
10 23
649
352
44.73
t
KiSl X 18
3 7
213
242
56.05
P
1432 II 2
3 44
322
243
56.14
P
1482 XI 11
1 58
638
225
44.05
w
1383 VIII 28
23 21
163
185
44.78
t
1434 VI 7
7 4
484
300
34.91
t*
1484 IX 20
0 12
586
201
75.44
a
1384 VIII 17
12 10
153
15
55.54
t
1435 XI 20
4 19
246
259
56.00
P
1485 IX 9
0 37
575
204
74.71
a*
I3s<; I 1
9 18
690
334
45.88
t
1437 IX 29
23 21
195
188
44.65
t
1486 III 6
4 40
355
259
56.07
P
1386 VI 27
3 37
103
250
64.25
a
1438 IX 19
10 40
185
355
65.39
a
1487 VII 20
12 7
526
16
35.87
(t)
L386 XII 21
23 54
679
192
55.23
a
1441 I 23
1 49
712
218
55.25
I*
1488 VII 9
5 19
516
273
35.13
t
1387 VI 16
9 43
92
340
55.05
f*
1441 VII 18
6 53
124
296
54.81
t*
1489 XII 22
6 15
280
284
55.98
a
1387 XII 11
8 59
668
328
64.51
(a)
1442 I 12
9 56
701
338
74.52
a
1491 V 8
12 5
456
18
65.60
(«)
1388 VI 4
22 53
82
176
45.80
t
1444 XI 10
2 6
637
230
55.41
t*
1491 XI 2
0 23
228
205
54.58
t
1389 IV 26
8 29
44
325
33.99
t
1445 V 7
2 31
55
232
65.27
a*
1492 X 21
10 13
218
350
65.30
a*
1390 X 9
0 52
604
212
55 . 36
t
1446 IV 26
3 20
44
242
76.03
P
1493 IV 16
5 19
435
272
44.09
t
ECLIPSES Of THE SUN IN INDIA
TABLE A.
•25
ll;,lr A. H
L.
*
V>
llnlr A. II.
Lanka time
measured
from
rise.
L
"•
V'.
l)at<- A. 1)
Lanka tlmo
rr»m
L.
*
1 1 J5
2h. 49m.
745
55.31
t'
VI 9
7h. 48m.
487
313
65.85
ti
1595 I\ 23
11 h. 11 in
590
8
46.19
•
1 111, VIII J(
4 55
155
2(1!)
54.62
t
1545 XII t
2 12
229
(0
1696 IX U
3 4
579
243
/
i inn II 14
10 I
74.57
a
1546 XI •,'.".
10 40
251
35 B
75.26
(a)
1597 III 7
J2 J?
857
168
1 111? VII Jll
12 53
135
36.09
(/')
1547 V 19
3 57
467
J52
|
1599 II 15
33C
Ml ]:<
4 11
671
258
55.42
t*
15411 III J'.l
2 27
418
231
;*
1600 VI 3(1
508
8
1 Hill VI 8
22 14
167
65.02
a
1541) IX 21
4 11
188
261
5 I . IS
t
1600 XII 25
11 30
4
75.24
1600 V 27
22 58
75
177
75.79
it
1550 III 18
8 53
407
325
74.68
a
1601 VI 20
2 11
498
225
34.51
I
1501 X 1J
6 17
608
295
66.17
P
1551 V11I31
1J 3
167
13
45.92
(0
1603 \ 1
0 41
450
207
t'
1502 IV 7
4 16
26
267
44.58
t
15B3 I 14
6 25
704
jss
I*
1604 IV 19
il 1J
439
287
74.85
«*
1502 X 1
7 30
597
311
75.49
a*
1555 VI 18
23 22
96
181
p
1605 IV 8
6 39
4JS
291
71.11
(«)
1503 III 27
21 32
16
156
35.29
(0
1555 XI Ii
6 6
641
J'.U
0»)
1607 II 16
8 9
737
314
t'
1503 IX 20
7 55
686
315
74.76
M
1556 V 9
3 49
58
254
84.89
/
1608 II 6
0 8
727
192
t
1506 1 24
4 53
314
265
74.61
(a)
1556 XI -2
6 16
630
294
a«
1609 XII 16
6 31
675
295
76.28
P
1506 VII 20
12 45
526
24
45.21
t
1557 X 22
6 52
619
301
74.87
(«)
1610 VI 11
2 18
89
230
(0
1507 I 13
6 23
302
286
65.31
a*
1558 IV 18
11 50
38
10
(0
1610 XII 5
6 2
663
287
85.62
«*
1507 VII 10
2 13
516
224
5t. t:l
t
1560 II 26
3 57
347
252
74.53
(a)
1611 XI Jl
7 7
652
303
74.92
1509 XI 12
8 56
240
332
54 . 57
(0
1560 VIII 21
11 28
558
7
45.40
I
1612 V 20
9 45
69
339
I
1510 V 8
0 17
456
199
54.89
t
1561 II 14
6 44
336
291
a*
1614 IX 88
11 1
590
4
1
1513 III 7
10 51
756
356
55.34
(f)
1561 VIII 10
23 32
547
185
54.64
'
1615 III 19
6 8
8
J81
65.15
a'
1514 VIII 20
3 28
156
245
35.31
I*
1563 XII 15
10 52
273
358
54.55
(t)
1616 IX 1
0 58
569
207
a
1516 I 4
2 26
693
231
66.16
p
1564 VI 8
21 27
487
156
55.12
I
1617 VII 22
10 19
529
351
fifi.17
1517 VI 19
4 40
97
264
64.94
a*
1567 IV 9
10 1
429
346
55.48
a
1619 VII 1
9 87
MM
336
(0
1517 XII 13
4 7
671
255
44.74
(0
1568 IX 21
3 28
188
248
45.16
*
1621 V 1 1
7 49
160
314
55.68
a
1518 VI 8
5 24
86
273
65.70
a*
1570 11 5
3 J3
726
244
66.18
p
1622 X 24
4 38
JJI
267
I
1521 IV 7
5 29
27
276
35.24
/*
1571 VII 22
0 4
128
195
74.68
r
1624 III 11
3 30
759
248
56.25
(/')
1523 VIII 11
1526 I 12
1527 V 30
3 23
23 33
1 16
547
302
477
247
181
216
35.99
55.97
65.76
w
(0
a
1572 I 15
1572 VII 10
1575 V 10
6 43
0 49
J- «>H
705
117
58
291
204
264
44.76
65. U
35.06
'*
a
I*
1626 11 16
1627 VIII 1
1629 VI 11
8 43
3 30
3 0
788
L88
90
321
243
239
44.80
55.94
34.84
(a)
i*
1528 V 18
7 22
466
305
54.97.
t*
1578 III 8
11 22
358
4
74.411
(a)
1630 XI J3
23 50
652
192
t
1528 XI 12
2 27
240
233
65.27
a"
1579 VIII 22
6 Ifi
558
295
54.70
a
1631 V JO
23 Hi
69
187
66.45
(/')
1529 XI 1
4 17
228
259
75.99
a
1580 II 15
1 3
336
204
45.92
t*
1631 X 15
8 55
612
260
(P)
1530 III 29
1532 VIII 30
5 7
11 JO
418
166
273
4
46.07
35.25
(P)
I
1582 VI 20
1582 XII 15
4 30
3 13
498
273
262
241
55.20
I*
a
163J IV 11
IX 23
8 50
30
51)11
329
273
64.86
«•
1533 VIII Jo
4 14
156
255
45.97
(t)
1583 XII 4
4 2
262
253
85.95
'
1634 111 1!)
1 87
8
215
45.82
1535 VI 30
11 7
107
0
64.85
a
1587 IX 22
4 1
188
255
45.84
1636 Vll JJ
1 57
529
223
f
1536 VI 18
11 51
96
9
65.61
a*
1589 II 4
23 39
726
186
45.45
1637 1 16
3 54
307
a
1539 X 11
23 4
608
183
74.84
(«)
1589 VI II 1
6 38
138
294
74.60
a
1638 1 5
I 6
295
J50
85.93
a
1540 IV 7
4 16
27
256
55.95
t
1590 VII 21
7 24
128
303
65.35
a*
1641
4 51
JJI
269
t'
1541 VIII 21
11 10
557
4
36.05
P
1593 V 20
12 9
69
17
34.99
(0
1643 111 10
0 46
759
45.52
1*
1542 VIII 11
3 49
547
251
45.34
t
1593 XI 1J
22 55
641
181
74.91
(a)
l\ 3
J 56
170
241
74.39
a
154 t I 24
8 8
314
310
55.96
I
1594 V 10
2 33
59
231
55.77
1644 VIII 22
3 50
159
65.13
•
126
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE A.
llatr A. I).
Lanka tiinr
of
conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
L.
f-
>•'•
Date A. D.
Lanka lime
of
conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
L.
f*.
yi.
Date A 1)
Lanka time
of
conjunction
measured
from
sunrise.
L.
ft.
¥'•
1645 VIII 11
10 h. 47m.
149
353
55.87
t
1693 VI 23
11 h. 27 m.
502
8
56.00
P
1741 XI 27
4 h. 43 m.
656
267
75.00
ft
1647 VI 22
10 23
100
350
34.77
(0
1695 XI 26
6 35
255
293
55.73
I*
1742 V 22
23 50
72
191
35.46
I*
1647 XII 15
23 43
674
189
74.93
a
1697 IV 11
0 47
432
208
35.65
t*
1744 IX 24
23 48
593
196
45.75
(I)
1648 VI 10
23 53
90
190
55.55
t*
1697 X 5
0 29
202
207
74.24
a
1745 III 22
2 15
12
227
75.05
a
1650 X 15
3 19
612
249
55.61
t
1698 IX 24
1 36
191
221
64.97
a*
1746 III 11
2 16
1
224
75.78
a*
1G52 III 29
9 34
19
335
45.77
(*)
1699 III 21
8 2
411
311
54.19
a
1747 VIII 26
7 52
533
314
66.25
(P)
1653 III 19
1 55
9
218
36.45
(P)
1699 IX 13
9 27
181
336
55.70
I*
1748 VII 14
10 25
523
350
75.52
a*
1654 11 7
5 35
329
276
54.50
a
1701 VII 24
8 32
132
322
44.55
t
1749 XII 28
8 42
288
321
55.72
t
1654 VIII 2
9 16
540
333
45.49
t*
1702 I 17
0 43
708
201
64.95
a
1751 V 13
23 52
463
195
35.84
I
1655 I 27
11 58
318
9
75.22
M
1703 I 6
10 37
6'J7
349
54.26
(I)
New Style.
1655 VII 23
0 35
529
201
34.74
/*
1704 XI 16
4 32
645
267
55.67
t*
1752 XI 6
0 52
224
211
64.88
a*
1657 VI 1
21 46
481
163
55.84
a
1706 V 1
8' 46
51
325
45.60
t
1753 V 3
6 52
443
296
54.34
tt
1658 V 22
2 15
471
229
65.08
a*
1707 IV 21
1 46
41
218
36.31
(P)
1753 X 26
9 32
213
339
55.59
I*
1659 V 11
2 51
460
236
74.32
a
1708 III 11
5 50
2
281
54.41
a
1755 IX 6
7 8
163
303
44.35
(0
1661 III 20
8 54
410
328
45.56
t
1708 IX 3
7 58
572
310
45.67
I*
1756 III 1
1 12
741
209
65.00
a
1662 III 10
1 28
760
214
44.86
t
1709 II 28
11 24
351
2
75.14
(a)
1758 XII 30
6 17
679
289
55.69
a*
1662 IX 2
10 55
170
359
65.07
a
1709 VIII 23
23 38
561
189
34.93
t
1760 VI 13
7 17
83
302
35.39
t
1664 I 18
6 51
708
297
76.31
(P)
1711 XII 28
8 57
287
328
44.36
t
176] VI 3
0 38
73
201
36.12
P
1665 I 6
6 8
697
285
85.64
a*
1712 VI 22
21 35
502
158
75.34
w
1762 IV 24
4 39
34
266
54.26
(a)
1665 XII 26
8 4
685
313
64.94
d
1712 XII 17
0 31
277
201
45.04
t
1762 X 17
7 57
604
319
45.78
t*
1666 VI 22
6 52
100
295
55.47
£
1715 IV 22
8 35
442
325
35.71
t
1763 IV 13
9 25
23
335
75.00
it*
1667 VI 11
12 55
90
24
66.29
P
1716 IV 11
1 34
432
218
44.99
t
1763 X 6
23 42
593
193
45.07
t
1669 IV 20
4 30
40
262
54.98
t*
1716 X 4
9 11
202
336
64.93
a
1764 IV 1
9 31
12
334
75.78
M
1671 VIII 24
7 12
561
306
66.37
(P)
1718 IX 13
7 51
181
310
46.33
(P)
1766 II 9
11 8
321
359
44.34
(0
1673 VIII 2
8 10
540
315
34.80
t
1719 II 8
5 50
730
280
75.68
a*
1767 I 30
3 2
310
236
45.02
t
1674 VII 23
1 21
530
211
34.07
t
1720 I 28
8 58
719
325
64.96
a*
1768 VII 14
0 55
512
204
54.08
(t)
1675 VI 18
4 38
492
266
55.92
(a)
1720 VII 24
3 46
132
248
55.24
a*
1769 I 8
1 47
288
215
76.47
(p)
1676 VI 1
8 44
481
326
65.17
a*
1721 VII 13
8 24
121
316
66.04
P
1769 VI 4
7 24
474
308
35.90
t
1676 XI 25
6 46
254
298
45.05
t
1723 V 23
2 7
72
227
54.78
t
1770 V 25
0 33
464
201
45.17
i*
1677 V 21
9 25
470
334
64.41
a
1727 IX 4
7 32
572
308
34.98
t
1770 XI 17
8 55
235
332
64.86
a
1680 III 20
9 38
411
337
44.89
t*
1728 VIII 24
0 12
562
195
44.25
t
1772 X 26
8 37
214
324
46.23
P
1681 IX 2
1 45
170
219
55.75
t
1730 VII 4
3 59
512
254
75.43
a
1773 III 23
4 32
403
263
75.78
ft
1683 VII 14
1 7
121
210
44.62
t
1730 XII 28
9 23
288
333
45.08
t*
1774 III 12
9 10
752
329
65.03
a*
16S5 XI 16
5 46
645
287
46.30
P
1731 VI 23
4 55
502
266
64.66
a*
1774 IX 6
1 2
163
210
65.04
a*
1686 V 12
5 16
61
276
64.12
ft
1731 XII 17
23 59
277
191
55.72
t
1775 VIII 26
4 14
153
255
75.81
a
1687 V 1
11 46
51
12
54.92
ft
1734 IV 22
9 21
443
335
45.05
I*
1776 I 21
1 55
701
223
46.33
(P)
1687 X 26
4 27
623
265
64.95
a
1735 X 5
1 22
202
216
55.62
t
1777 VII 4
23 30
103
187
44.55
(t)
1688 IV 20
1 8
41
210
45.66
t*
1737 VIII 14
23 31
153
188
44.4)
t
1781 X 17
7 59
604
318
45.10
t
1690 VIII 24
0 16
561
200
45.62
t
1738 VIII 4
10 47
142
354
55.17
a
1782 X 6
23 54
594
194
44.39
t
1691 II 18
3 45
340
246
75.17
a
1739 XII 19
8 15
678
320
46.32
(P)
1784 VIII 15
23 28
544
187
75.68
a
1692 II 7
3 42
329
243
75.88
a
1741 VI 2
9 15
82
334
44.70
t
1785 II 9
11 46
321
7
45.01
(/)
ECLIPSES (>/• Till: SUN IN INDIA.
TAIJLK A.
127
Hair \. It
of
motion
ured
In, in
sunrise.
L.
K
r1-
Date A. D.
Luuka time
of
conjunction
ured
from
sunrise.
L.
P-
"/'
Date A It
Lank.*
of
Iruin
Itllll"
L.
p.
y'.
17sr, VIII 5
(1 h. 43 in.
538
203
n i , vi
B*
1817 XI 9
0 h. 57m
626
213
15 IE
I*
1856 IV 5
4h 57 111.
16
270
M.81
0
1786 J .'ill
1 58
310
218
55.71
*
1818 V 5
(i 27
44
290
75.54
a
1856. IX 29
2 53
5x1;
1788 VI 1
8 1
474
316
45.25
I*
1819 IX 19
11 51
576
17
66.53
i')
1857 IX 18
4 38
575
286
a'
17MI XI 17
2 19
235
231
55.55
I*
1821 III 4
4 55
343
265
44.97
I
1858 HI 15
11 17
355
151
("'•
1791 IV 3
11 50
414
13
75.82
(«)
1823 II 11
2 24
322
222
76.48
(ft
1861 I 11
2 32
291
230
1791 IX 27
22 39
185
178
44.25
(0
1824 VI 26
22 47
495
176
45.40
t
1861 Vll H
1 17
506
212
1792 IX If.
8 18
174
320
84.98
a
1*21 XII -20
'.) U
269
341
64.83
a
1862 XII L'l
4 8
269
254
u;.ifi
P
1793 III 12
5 11
752
268
(0
1825 VI 16
11 28
485
5
54.68
(0
1864 V 5
23 18
446
185
t
1793 IX 5
11 2
163
358
75.74
a»
1827 IV 26
2 5
435
228
65.93
a
1867 III 6
8 12
32 1
a
nil 1. V11I25
11 31
152
2
66.46
W
1828 IV 14
8 22
424
320
55.15
i*
1868 Vlll IX
4 16
145
i*
1795 I 20
23 26
701
185
55.71
(«)
1828 X 8
23 11
196
185
64.89
a
1871 VI 18
1 34
86
74. M
1795 VII If,
6 40
114
294
44 . 47
I
1829 IX 28
1 0
185
209
75.62
a
1871 XII 12
3 6
660
4.". I'.'
^*
1796 1 10
5 20
690
172
75.02
a
1830 II 23
3 56
734
253
46.37
(/>)
1872 VI n
2 28'
76
230
a*
1796 VII 4
22 9
104
265
35.24
t
1832 VII 27
13 6
124
29
35.09
w
1874 X 10
10 6
597
852
a
1798 XI 8
0 40
626
210
45.83
(0
1833 Vll 17
6 21
114
286
St. 88
j
1875 IV r,
5 40
If,
»79
/•
1799 V 4
23 17
44
184
74.87
(«)
1835 XI 20
9 35
637
342
45.17
f
1875 IX 29
11 59
17
1800 IV 23
23 36
34
187
75.61
a
1836 XI 9
0 39
627
206
54.47
t
1877 HI 15
1 58
355
217
76.39
P
1801 IV 13
3 27
23
242
66.32
00
1840 III 4
3 10
344
237
55.67
i*
1879 I 22
10 56
302
sr.i;
64.82
W
1SH2 V11I 28
6 8
554
288
75.76
a
is ID VIII 27
5 49
554
279
54.38
w
1879 VII 19
8 10
516
814
54.86
a
1S03 Vlll 17
7 29
543
305
65.00
»»
1842 VII 8
6 7
506
286
45 . 47
t
1881 V 27
•12 40
467
178
(in. n
P
1S04 H 11
10 29
322
346
55.71
(0
1843 XII 21
4 14
269
257
55.52
i*
1882 V 17
6 38
456
295
55.33
t*
1805 VI 2C
22 22
495
172
36.05
f
1845 V 6
9 1
446
333
66.00
w
1887 Vlll 19
4 43
141
262
U.68
/
1806 XII 10
1 22
257
217
64.84
a
1846 X 20
6 48
207
300
64.85
a
1889 VI 28
7 58
97
314
74.41
0
1807 VI 6
4 28
475
260
54.54
t
1847 IV 15
5 26
425
274
44.47
t
1890 VI 17
9 2
86
329
a'
1807 XI 29
10 53
246
359
55.54
(t)
1847 X 9
8 12
195
318
75.58
a'
1890 XII 12
2 15
660
228
.vi :,(
/
1808 XI 18
1 46
236
221
46.19
(P)
1848 IX 27
8 40
184
323
76.28
P
1894 IV 6
3 5
IB
238
I'
1810 IV 4
0 45
414
205
55.10
a
1849 II 23
0 34
734
201
65.75
a*
1894 IX 29
4 47
586
267
44.54
!
1813 II 1
7 55
712
311
65.72
a*
1849 Vlll 18
4 37
145
264
44.26
t
1895 VIII 20
12 0
547
17
36.39
(/•)
1814 VII 17
5 37
114
276
35.16
t*
1850 II 12
5 33
723
274
75.05
a
1896 VIII 9
4 6
537
256
1
1815 VII 6
22 57
104
175
35.91
t
1852 XII 11
2 36
659
237
45.86
t
1898 I 22
6 28
302
287
t*
1816 XI 19
9 13
637
338
45.84
I"
1855 V 16
1 17
55
211
56.12
P
1900 XI 22
6 21
240
298
(")
1817 V 16
6 0
55
286
74.79
a*
128
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE B.
A + p.
260°
270°
280°
290°
400°
310°
320°
330°
340°
350°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°
100°
L.= 0°<f> = 40°
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.18
).25
0.33
0.43
0.53
0.61
J.C9
0.74
0.78
0.81
0.82
0.82
30°
0.14
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.24
0.32
0.41
0.53
0.65
0.75
0.84
0.90
0.95
0.98
0.99
0.99
20°
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.28
0.34
0.41
0.51
0.63
0.77
0.89
0.99
1.07
1.12
1.15
1.16
1.16
10°
0.37
0.38
0.40
0.44
0.51
0.62
0.73
0.88
1.02
1.13
1.23
1.28
1.31
1.33
1.33
0°
0.51
0.51
0.53
0.57
0.64
0.74
0.85
1.00
1.15
1.26
1.36
1.43
1.47
1.49
1.49
L.= 10° 41 =40°
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.11
0.15
0.21
0.28
0.36
0.46
0.55
0.64
0.72
0.76
0.80
0.81
0.82
0.81
30°
0.14
0.15
0.18
0.22
0.28
0.36
).45
0.57
0.68
0.78
0.87
0.93
0.97
0.99
0.99
0.98
20°
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.31
0.37
0.45
0.55
0.67
0.81
0.93
1.03
1.10
1.14
1.16
1.16
1.15
10°
0.37
0.37
0.39
0.42
0.48
0.55
0.66
0.78
0.93
LOG
1.17
1.25
1.30
1.33
1.33
1.32
1°
0.51
0.52
0.55
0.60
0.68
0.78
0.90
1.04
1.19
1.31
1.39
1.45
1.48
1.49
1.48
L. = 20° $=40°
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.14
0.18
0.25
0.32
0.41
0.50
0.59
0.67
0.74
0.78
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.79
0.76
30°
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.21
0.25
0.32
0.40
0.50
0.61
0.72
0.82
0.90
0.95
0.98
0.99
0.98
0.96
20°
0.25
0.27
0.30
0.34
0.41
0.50
0.60
0.72
0.85
0.96
1.06
1.12
1.15
1.16
1.16
1.14
10°
0.38
0.40
0.44
0.51
0.60
0.70
0.83
0.97
1.09
1.20
1.27
1.31
1.32
1.32
1.30
0°
0.52
0.54
0.58
0.64
0.72
0.82
0.95
1.09
1.22
1.34
1.42
1.46
1.48
1.48
1.46
L. = 30°4> = 40°
0.08
0.09
0.12
0.16
0.21
0.27
0.35
0.44
0.54
0.63
0.69
0.75
0.79
0.80
0.80
0.79
0.77
0.73
30°
0.15
0.16
0.19
0.23
0.29
0.36
0.44
0.54
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.92
0.96
0.98
0.98
0.97
0.94
0.89
20°
0.26
0.29
0.33
0.38
0.44
0.53
0.65
0.77
0.89
1.00
1.08
1.14
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.11
10°
0.39
0.41
0.44
0.49
0.56
0.65
0.77
0.88
1.02
1.14
1.24
1.29
1.32
1.32
1.30
1.28
0°
0.54
0.57
0.63
0.69
0.77
0.88
1.01
1.15
1.28
1.38
1.44
1.48
1.48
1.46
1.43
L. = 40° $=40°
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.32
0.40
0.48
0.57
0.65
0.71
0.76
0.79
0.79
0.78
0.75
0.72
0.69
30°
0.17
0.19
0.23
0.27
0.32
0.40
0.48
0.59
0.69
0.80
0.88
0.94
0.96
0.97
0.95
0.92
0.89
0.84
20°
0.29
0.32
0.37
0.43
0.50
0.59
0.69
0.82
0.93
1.04
1.10
1.14
1.15
1.13
1.10
1.06
10°
0.40
0.44
0.48
0.53
0.62
0.70
0.81
0.94
1.06
1.18
1.27
1.30
1.31
1.29
1.27
1.22
0°
0.58
0.61
0.67
0.74
0.82
0.93
1.07
1.19
1.32
1.41
1.45
1.48
1.47
1.43
1.39
L.= 50°4>=40°
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.22
0.29
0.35
0.43
0.51
0.60
0.68
0.73
0.77
0.78
0.78
0.76
0.72
0.69
0.64
0.59
30°
0.19
0.21
0.25
0.30
0.37
0.44
0.53
0.63
0.73
0.82
0.90
0.94
0.9f
0.95
0.93
0.89
0.84
0.79
20°
0.32
0.35
0.40
0.47
0.54
0.64
0.74
0.85
0.97
1.06
1.12
1.14
1.13
1.10
1.06
1.01
10°
0.44
0.47
0.52
0.58
0.07
0.77
0.87
0.98
1.11
1.21
1.28
1.30
1.30
1.27
1.22
1.17
0°
0.61
0.66
0.71
0.80
0.89
1.00
1.12
1.24
1.35
1.43
1.46
1.45
1.43
1.39
1.33
L.= 60° <J> =40°
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.21
0.26
0.33
0.40
0.48
0.55
0.63
0.70
0.75
0.78
0.78
0.75
0.73
0.69
0.64
0.59
0.54
30°
0.22
0.25
0.30
0.36
0.42
0.50
0.58
0.68
0.77
0.86
0.92
0.95
0.95
0.93
0.89
0.84
0.79
0.73
20°
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.52
0.60
0.69
0.80
0.91
1.01
1.08
1.10
1.11
1.09
1.05
1.00
0.94
0.88
10°
0 41
0.52
0 57
0 65
(I 73
0 89
0 <M
1 06
1 16
1 "-I
1 9q
1 10
1 97
1 94
1 18
1 11
0°
0.66
0.72
0.79
0.87
0.96
1.07
1.18
1.30
1.39
1.44
1.45
1.44
1.39
1.34
1.27
L. = 70°4> = 40°
0.15
0.17
0.21
0.25
0.32
0.38
0.44
0.52
0.59
0.65
0.72
0.75
0.77
0.76
0.7S
0.69
0.65
0.59
0.54
0.49
30°
0.25
0.29
0.34
0.40
0.47
0.54
0.63
0.71
0.79
0.87
0.92
0.93
0.92
0.89
0.84
0.79
0.73
0.67
20°
0.40
0.45
0.51
0.57
0.66
0.75
0.85
0.94
1.03
1.09
1.11
1.09
1.05
1.00
0.94
0.89
0.82
10°
0.58
0.64
0.71
0.79
0.88
0.98
1.09
1.19
1.26
1.28
1.26
1.22
1.16
1.10
1.04
0°
0.72
0.78
0.84
0.93
1.02
1.13
1.24
1.34
1.41
1.44
1.42
1.38
1.33
1.27
1.20
/•.(•/. i rs/-:s oi' -nil': SUtt i.\
TABLE B.
A + (tf.
200°
27C)°
280°
290°
«X)°
510°
52(1°
33(1°
.MO0
!.-><>
0°
10
20°
30r'
40°
50°
wr
70°
80°
UNI
L. = 80° $
30°
10°
0°
0.17
0.21
0.29
).26
0.33
0.45
0.30
0.39
0.51
).(!3
) 7*
).36
0.45
0.57
0.70
0 85
(.42
0.52
1.64
0.76
1 11?
1.49
1,59
0.71
0.86
1 01
0.55
0.67
0.81
0.95
1 10
0.62
0.75
1.90
1.04
1 90
0.99
1.14
1 30
0.72
0.88
1.05
1.22
0.74
0.91
i.oy
1.26
1 49
1.71
1.91
1.08
1.25
1 t->
0.72
0.88
1.05
1.22
1 88
0.68
0.83
1.00
1.16
1.33
0.01
0.78
1.10
97
0.72
0.87
•'0
0.66
0.96
1.13
0.60
0.75
0.43
L. = 9(>°4>=400
0.21
0.25
) . 29
0.35
0.40
0.46
0.52
0.58
0.65
1.69
0.72
).73
0.68
0.113
0.58
0.48
0.38
1 . 33
30°
0.34
0.39
0.45
0.51
1.57
1.01
0.72
1.80
1.85
1.89
0.90
1.88
1.84
0.72
I.M
0.60
0.55
) HI
20°
0.51
0.56
0.62
0.70
1.77
0.86
0.94
1.01
1.06
1.07
1.05
1.00
1.94
0.86
0.80
0.73
0.67
10°
0.71
0.77
1. 81
0.93
1.02
1.10
1.18
1.23
1.25
1.23
1.17
1.10
1.03
0.96
0.89
0°
0.85
0.92
).'.)'.)
1.08
1.16
1.25
1 . 34
1.39
1.41
1.39
1.34
1.27
1.19
1.12
L. = ]00°$ = 40°
0.25
0.29
0.34
0.38
0.44
0.50
0.55
1. Ill
0.06
) . till
0.71
0.70
) (is
1.64
0.58
0.47
0.37
0.32
i.sa
80°
0.39
1.49
0.56
0.62
0.69
0.76
0.82
0.87
0.89
0.84
0.79
1.73
0.67
0.60
0.54
1. II
20°
0.57
0.63
0.69
).77
0.84
0.91
0.98
1.03
1.06
1.00
1.01
0.95
1 . S'.l
0.81
0.74
0.68
10°
0.77
0.83
0.90
0.99
1.07
1.14
1.20
1.23
1.17
1.11
1.04
0.96
0.89
0.82
0°
0.92
0.98
1.05
1.14
1.22
1.30
1.36
1.39
1.38
1.33
1.26
1.19
1.11
1.04
0.97
L.= 110°<J>=40°
0.34
1.311
0.44
1.49
0.54
I..V.I
0.63
0.67
0.70
J.70
0.68
) (it
I .V.I
0.54
1. Ill
0.43
0.38
0.32
0.27
1.84
30°
0.45
0.50
0.56
0.61
).67
0.73
0.78
I.S3
i . si;
0.87
0.84
0.79
1.78
0.67
0.61
0.54
0.48
1. 13
0.39
20°
0.64
0.70
0.76
0.82
0.89
0.95
1.00
1.04
1.04
1.01
i. '.I.',
0.89
0.81
0.74
0.67
0.62
0.56
10°
0.84
0.91
0.97
1.04
1.11
1.17
1.21
1.21
1.18
1.12
1.05
1.96
0.88
0.82
1.76
0°
1.00
1.07
1.18
1.20
1.28
1.37
1.38
1.34
1.28
1.20
1.12
1.04
1.98
0.91
L. = 120°<)>=400
0.39
0.43
0.48
0.52
0.57
0.61
0.65
O.fis
O.lis
0.67
1.84
0.59
0.54
0.49
0.43
0.37
0.32
0.28
0.24
0.21
30'
0.55
(.80
i . r,c,
0.71
0.76
I. SI)
0.84
0.85
1.84
0.79
0.74
0.67
0.61
1.54
0.48
0.43
0.38
0.34
20°
J-.70
0.75
Ml
0.86
0.92
).i)7
1.01
1.02
1 . 00
0.95
0.89
0.82
1.75
MM
0.61
0.55
0.51
10°
0.91
7
1.02
1.08
1.14
1.18
1.19
1.17
1.12
1.04
1.89
0.82
1.75
0.69
0°
1.07
1.13
1 . 19
1.25
1.31
1 . 115
1 ::n
1.34
1.29
1.20
1.12
1.04
0.97
0.91
0.85
I,. = 130° 4. =40°
0.44
0.48
0.52
0.60
) (13
0.1111
0.67
0.07
i.e.-,
0.60
0.55
0. H>
0.43
0.37
0.38
0.28
0.24
1.21
30°
0.62
0.66
0.71
0.75
0.79
0.82
O.M
0.81
0.75
1.69
0.62
0.55
0.48
0.43
1.88
1.31
20°
0.76
0.81
0.80
I.Q]
0.95
0.99
1.01
1.00
0.97
0.90
0.83
I.?:.
0.67
0.61
0.55
0.50
0.46
10°
0.97
1.02
1.07
1.11
1.10
1.18
1.17
1.13
1.06
0.97
0.89
0.81
0.74
0.68
0°
1.14
1.19
1.24
1.28
1 :IL-
L.86
l.:H
1.29
1.22
1 . 13
lor,
0.97
0.88
0.84
0.79
L. = 140° 41 = 40°
0.58
0.58
0.61
0.64
0.65
0.05
0.64
0.60
0.56
0.50
0.43
0.33
0.21
1.21
0.18
30°
0.66
0.119
I).?H
0.77
0.80
0.82
0.80
0.76
0.70
0.02
0.49
0.38
0.84
I.M
20°
0.86
0.90
0.94
0.97
0.99
1.00
0.97
0.92
0.85
1.77
1.69
0.62
0.56
0.51
0.46
0.43
10°
1 ii-.'
1.07
1.14
1.16
1.17
1.14
1.08
1.00
0.77
0.71
0.65
0.61
0°
1.19
1.84
1.27
1.31
1.33
1.33
1.30
1.24
L.lfl
1.07
0.99
0.91
0.85
0.71
T,. = 150° 4. = 40°
(1 55
0.58
O.lil
0 . (13
0 . 64
0.64
0.113
0.111
0.56
0.51
0.45
0.39
0.33
0.28
0.24
0.21
0.18
0.17
0.70
0 . 73
0.76
0.71
0.8f
0.81
0.81
0.77
0.72
0.39
0.3:
0.31
0.29
20°
0.89
0 . 112
0.9C
0.97
0.98
0.97
0.93
0.87
0.71
o.7(
0.62
o r,i
0.46
0. i:
(1 II
10°
1.07
1. 1C
1.13
1.15
1.16
1.15
l.H
1.03
0.94
0.85
0.77
0.65
0°
1.24
1.28
1 . 3(
1.32
1.33
1 .31
1.20
1.11
1.09
1.0(
0.1)2
0.76
130
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE B.
A + /*.
260°
270°
280°
290°
500°
310°
320°
330°
340°
350°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°
100°
L. = 160°<}>=40°
0.58
0.60
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.63
0.61
0.57
0.52
0.46
0.40
0.34
0.29
0.25
0.22
0.19
0.17
0.16
30°
0.76
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.79
0.77
0.72
0.66
0.59
0.52
0.45
0.39
0.34
0.31
0.28
0.27
20°
0.92
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.96
0.93
0.88
0.81
0.73
0.64
0.57
0.51
0.46
0.43
0.40
0.39
10°
1.10
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.14
1.11
1 . (15
0.97
0.88
0.79
0.71
0.65
0.60
0.57
0.55
0°
1.27
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.31
1.27
1.21
1.13
1.03
0.94
0.86
0.81
0.76
0.73
0.71
L. = 170°<f> = 40°
0.62
0.63
0.63
0.62
0.60
0.57
0.52
0.47
0.39
0.33
0.29
0.24
0.21
0.18
0.16
0.15
30°
0.78
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.77
0.73
0.67
0.61
0.53
0.46
0.40
0.34
0.81
0.28
0.27
0.26
20°
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.96
0.94
0.90
0.83
0.76
0.67
0.59
0.52
0.47
0.43
0.41
0.40
10°
1.12
1 13
1 14
1 13
1 11
1 06
0 99
0 91
0 8"
0 73
0 fi6
n 61
0 57
0 54
0 53
0°
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.30
1.27
1.22
1.15
1.06
0.97
0.88
0.81
0.76
0.72
0.70
0.69
L. = 180°<p=40°
0.63
0.63
0.62
0.60
0.57
0.54
0.49
0.42
0.36
0.30
0.25
0.21
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.16
30°
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.77
0.73
0.09
0.63
0.56
0.48
0.41
0.35
0.31
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.26
20°
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.94
0.90
0.85
0.78
0.70
0.61
0.53
0.47
0.43
0.40
0.39
0.38
10°
1.14
1.14
1.13
1.11
1.07
1.02
0.94
0.85
0.76
0.67
0.61
0.57
0.55
0.53
0.53
0°
1.31
1.31
1.30
1.28
1.24
1.18
1.09
1.00
0.91
0.82
0.77
0.73
0.71
0.69
0.69
L. = 190°$ =40°
0.63
0.62
0.60
0.57
0.54
0.49
0.44
0.38
0.31
0.26
0.21
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.16
30°
0.79
0.78
0.77
0.74
0.70
0.65
0.58
0.51
0.43
0.37
0.32
0.28
0.26
0.26
0.26
20°
0.97
0.96
0.94
0.91
0.87
0.81
0.73
0.65
0.56
0.49
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.39
0.40
10°
1.14
1.13
1.11
1.08
1.03
0.97
0.88
0.79
0.70
0.62
0.57
0.54
0.53
0.53
0.54
0°
1.31
1.30
1.28
1.24
1.19
1.12
1.03
0.94
0.85
0.78
0.73
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.70
L. = 200° $=40°
0.60
0.58
0.54
0.50
0.45
0.39
0.33
0.27
0.22
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.16
0.17
30°
0.77
0.74
0.70
0.66
0.60
0.52
0.45
0.38
0.32
0.28
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.28
20°
0.96
0.94
0.91
0.87
0.82
0.75
0.66
0.58
0.50
0.44
0.40
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.41
'
10°
1.14
1.11
1.08
1.04
0.98
0.91
0.82
0.73
0.65
0.58
0.54
0.53
0.53
0.55
0.57
0°
1.30
1.28
1.25
1.20
1.14
1.07
0.98
0.88
0.80
0.73
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.71
0.73
L. = 210°4>=40°
0.58
0.55
0.50
0.46
0.40
0.34
0.28
0-22
0.18
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.17
0.19
30°
0.74
0.71
0.66
0.61
0.54
0.47
0.40
0.33
0.29
0.26
0.25
0.26
0.28
0.31
20°
0.91
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.69
0.61
0.52
0.45
0.40
0.38
0.37
0.38
0.41
0.44
10°
1.11
1.08
1.04
0.99
0.93
0.85
0.76
0.67
0.60
0.55
0.52
0.52
0.54
0.57
0.60
0°
1.28
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.08
1.00
0.91
0.82
0.75
0.70
0.68
0.69
0.71
0.73
0.77
L. =220° $=40°
0.55
0.51
0.46
0.41
0.34
0.28
0.23
0.18
0.15
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.19
0.22
30°
0.71
0.66
0.61
0.55
0.48
0.40
0.34
0.28
0.25
0.24
0.25
0.27
0.30
0 34
20°
0.88
0.83
0.77
0.70
0.63
0.55
0.47
0.41
0.38
0.37
0.38
0.41
0.45
0.49
10°
1.05
1.00
0.94
0.86
0.78
0.70
0.61
0.54
0.51
0.51
0.53
0.56
0.60
0.64
0°
1.25
1.21
1.16
1.10
1.02
0.93
0.85
0.76
0.70
0.67
0.67
0.69
0.73
0.77
0.81
L. = 230° 4> = 40°
0.51
0.47
0.42
0.35
0.29
0.24
0.19
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.22
30°
0.67
0.62
0.56
0.49
0.42
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.27
0.30
0.35
20°
0.83
0.78
0.71
0.64
O.Sfi
0.48
0.41
0.37
0.35
0.37
0.40
0.44
0.49
10°
0.99
0.94
0.87
0.79
0.71
0.62
0.55
0.50
0.49
0.51
0.54
0.59
0.64
0.69
0°
1.21
1.16
1.10
1.02
0.95
0.86
0.78
0.70
0.66
0.65
0.67
0.71
0.75
0.81
0.86
/,<7//'.S7<;.V 01' Till: -SV/V IN INDIA.
TAULK IJ.
'3'
A + /i.
200°
270°
280°
290°
«K)°
ill)
520°
B0°
.MO0
0°
10°
20°
:ur
40°
.'•0"
(ill
70°
80°
KM)
T 9ifl° A — 40°
) 46
1 41
0 35
0.29
0 I'l
0 15
) 13
) IK
0 ??
0 26
Jj. — 6't\J yt — — *V
80°
0.61
0.55
0.49
).43
0.35
0.22
1 2!t
0.34
0.39
20°
0.78
1.72
).6:>
0.57
0.49
0.37
1.48
). 1!)
i 51
10°
0.94
0.87
0.81
).«4
0.57
0.51
0.48
).4U
0.53
0.58
) . f,4
0.70
0.7«
0°
1.16
1.10
1.04
0.96
1.88
0.79
0.72
I . (ill
).M
1. 61
i.r.ii
1.74
1.80
).86
0.93
L. = 250°4>=40°
).35
0.29
0.24
I. IS
(.14
0.18
0.12
1.14
1.18
0.22
0.27
1.32
30°
0 5ri
0 I'l
) 4»
) 36
0 9.9
0 ?4
0 V,*>
) W
0 ?,4
1 "S
0 34
0 45
20°
0.71
0.65
0.57
0.43
0.37
(.34
0.37
1.41
1.48
0.55
(.61
10°
0.87
I. SI
0.73
0.65
0.57
0.50
0.47
0.48
0.51
).57
0.64
0.71
0.77
0°
1.09
1.03
0.97
0.89
0.81
0.73
).66
0.63
0.63
1.97
1.73
0.80
0.87
1.00
L. = 260° <f- = 40°
>.:u
0.29
).23
1.18
0.13
0.11
0.10
0.12
0.17
0.22
0.27
(.88
30°
0.48
0.42
1.35
0.29
0.24
0.21
1.28
1.88
0.40
1.47
20°
0.64
0.57
0.50
1 , 43
0.37
0.33
).32
0.35
0.40
0.47
0.54
10°
0.80
0.72
).6r>
0.58
0.52
0.47
1 . 45
0.49
0.55
0.62
0.70
0.85
0°
i.oa
0.96
).88
0.81
>.?«
0.67
0.62
0.60
0.63
0.70
0.78
1.98
1.01
i.oa
L. = 270°<£ = 40°
0.28
0.23
0.18
0.14
Ml
0.10
Ml
0. 1.1
0.21
0.33
i. ii
30°
0.41
0.36
1.2'.)
0.24
0.21
0.19
0.21
0.2fi
\.st
0.39
0.47
0.54
0.61
20°
0.56
0.49
1. 12
0.37
0.32
0.30
0.32
0.87
0.45
0.53
0.61
0.76
10°
0.80
I.7S
0.65
0.58
0.47
1.41
0.46
0.51
0.59
0.68
0.78
0.85
1.98
0°
0.95
0.88
0.81
0.74
0.67
0.62
0.59
0.61
0.66
0.74
0.83
0.92
1.01
1.08
1.15
I. = 280°4>=40°
0.23
0.18
0.13
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.14
0.19
0.26
0.33
0.40
0.46
30°
0.35
0.29
0.20
0.18
1.18
0.23
0.29
0.53
0.60
0'.67
20°
O.I!)
0.43
0.37
0.31
0.29
0.30
0.42
0.51
0.60
0.68
0.76
0.83
10°
0.71
0.68
0.57
0.51
0.46
1.41
0.43
0.48
0.55
0.65
0.75
0.84
0.92
1.00
0°
0.87
0.81
0.74
0.67
0.62
1.68
0.63
0.71
0.81
0.91
1.0(1
1.09
1.16
1.22
L. = 290°4>=40°
0.17
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.10
0.13
0.18
0.20
0.33
0.40
0.47
0.53
30°
0.28
0.19
0.17
0.18
0.21
0.27
0.35
0.44
0.61
0.68
0.74
20°
0.42
0.37
0.32
0.29
0.28
0.32
0.3!)
0.48
0.58
0.77
0.84
0.91
10°
0.63
0.57
0.51
0.45
0.42
0.41
0.45
0.88
0.72
0.83
0.99
1.00
1.07
0°
0.79
0.72
0.68
0.61
0.57
0.56
0.58
0.65
0.7(1
0.86
0.97
1.07
1.15
1.23
1.28
L. = 300°<f>=40°
0.13
0.10
0.08
0.0!)
0.11
0.16
0.23
o.:((
0.89
0.46
O.N
0.59
80°
0.29
0.24
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.19
0.25
0.33
0.60
0.68
0.75
0.81
20°
0.41
0.36
0.31
0.28
0.27
0.29
0.34
0.43
0.54
0.65
0.75
0.83
0.91
0.97
10°
0.57
0.51
0.46
0.42
0.41
0.42
0.47
0.57
O.c,s
0.80
0.90
0.11!)
1.07
1.13
0°
0.73
0.67
0.61
0.57
0.55
0.56
0.61
0.70
0.82
0.94
1.05
1.14
1.22
1.29
1.35
L. = 310°4> = 40°
0.13
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.10
0.14
0.20
0.28
0.36
0.45
0.19
0.59
0.65
30°
0.23
0.19
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.22
0.29
0.38
0.48
0.58
0.67
0.74
0.81
0.86
20°
0.36
0.32
0.28
0.27
0.27
0.32
0.40
0.50
0.61
0.73
0.83
0.91
0.97
1.03
10°
0.51
0.46
0 . 42
0. K
0.40
o. U
0.52
0.62
0.75
0.87
O.'.)s
1.06
1.13
1.19
0°
0.67
0.61
0.57
0.55
0.54
0.57
0 . (15
0.75
0.88
1.00
1.11
1.20
1 . 2!
1.34
1.39
132
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE B.
A + fj..
260°
270°
280°
290°
300°
310°
320°
330°
340°
350°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°
100°
L. = 320° <£ =40°
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.17
0.24
0.33
0. ti
0.50
0.58
0.64
0.69
0.73
30°
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.16
0.19
0.25
0.34
0.44
0.54
0.64
0.72
0.80
0.86
0.90
•20°
0.32
0.29
0.26
0.26
0.29
0.35
0.44
0.55
0.68
0.79
0.87
0.96
1.03
1.07
10°
0.46
0.42
0.39
0.38
0.40
0.46
0.56
0.67
0.81
0.93
1.03
1.12
1.1!)
1.24
1.28
0°
0.62
0.57
0.54
0.53
0.54
0.59
0.68
0.80
0.93
1.06
1.18
1.27
1.33
1.39
1.43
L. = 330° <ft = 40°
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.15
0.21
0.29
0.38
0.47
0.56
0.63
0.69
0.74
0.77
30°
0.17
0.15
0.15
0.17
0.22
0.29
0.39
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.79
0.85
0.90
0.94
20°
0.28
0.26
0.25
0.27
0.31
0.39
0.49
0.62
0.74
0.85
0.95
1.02
1.07
1.11
10°
0.42
0.39
0.38
0.39
0.42
0.49
0.60
0.74
0.87
0.99
1.10
1.17
1.23
1.28
1.30
0°
0.57
0.54
0.52
0.52
0.56
0.62
0.72
0.86
0.99
1.12
1.23
1.32
1.38
1.43
1.46
L. = 340° 4. =40°
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.09
0.13
0.18
0.26
0.34
0.44
0.53
0.61
0.68
0.73
0.78
0.80
30°
0.17
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.20
0.26
0.34
0.44
0.55
0.66
0.76
0.84
0.90
0.95
0.97
20°
0.26
0.25
0.26
0.29
0.34
0.43
0.54
0.68
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.06
1.11
1.14
1.16
10°
0.39
0.37
0.37
0.39
0.44
0.53
0.65
0.79
0.93
1.04
1.15
1.22
1.27
1.30
1.32
0°
0.53
0.51
0.51
0.53
0.57
0.66
0.77
0.90
1.04
1.18
1.28
1.36
1.41
1.45
1.47
L. — 850°4> = 40°
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.15
0.21
0.29
0.39
0.48
0.57
0.65
0.72
0.76
0.79
0.81
0.81
30°
0.15
0.14
0.15
0.17
0.22
0.29
0.36
0.48
0.60
0.71
0.80
0.88
0.93
0.96
0.98
0.99
20°
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.31
0.38
0.46
0.59
0.72
0.84
0.95
1.04
1.09
1.13
1.15
1.16
10°
0 37
0 37
0.38
0 4?
0 49
0 57
0 70
0 84
0 98
1 09
1 19
1 95
1 29
1 39
1 33
0°
0.52
0.51
0.52
0.55
0.61
0.70
0.82
0.96
1.10
1.23
1.33
1.40
1.45
1.48
1.49
L. = 360° 41 =40°
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.18
0.25
0.33
0.43
0.53
0.61
0.09
0.74
0.78
0.81
0.82
0.82
30°
0.14
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.24
0.32
0.41
0.53
0.65
0.75
0.84
0.90
0.95
0.98
0.99
0.99
20°
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.28
0.34
0.41
0.51
0.63
0.77
0.89
0.99
1.07
1.12
1.15
1.16
1.16
10°
0.37
0.38
0.40
0.44
0.51
0.62
0.73
0.88
1.02
1.18
1.23
1.28
1.31
1.33
1.33
0°
0.51
0.51
0.53
0.57
0.64
0.74
0.85
1.00
1.15
1.26
1.36
1.43
1.47
1.49
1.49
L. = 400°4> = 40°
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.18
0.21
0.25
0.30
0.36
0.42
0.48
0.54
0.57
6.60
0.62
0.62
0.62
30°
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.35
0.41
0.48
0.56
0.63
0.69
0.73
0.76
0.78
0.79
0.79
20°
0 39
0 39
0 41
0 44
0 48
0 54
0 69
0 70
0 ?<)
0 86
0 90
0 94
0 96
0 97
0 97
10°
0.53
0.53
0.54
0.57
0.01
0.68
0.76
0.85
0.94
1.02
1.07
1.11
1.13
1.14
1.14
0°
0.09
0.69
0.70
0.72
0.76
0.82
0.91
1.00
1.09
1.18
1.23
1.27
1.29
1.31
1.31
L. = 410°$:= 40°
0 15
0 Ifi
0 18
n 9,1
0 94
o 99
0 34
0 40
0 47
0 53
n 57
0 60
0 69
0 63
0 63
0 02
30°
0.26
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.34
0.40
0.45
0.53
0.60
0.67
0.73
0.77
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.78
20°
0 . 39
0.41
0.43
0.47
0.52
0.59
0.67
0.76
0.83
0.90
0.94
0.96
0.97
0.96
0.95
10°
0.53
0.54
0.57
0.60
0.66
0.73
0.82
0.91
0.99
1.06
1.11
1.13
1.14
1.13
1.12
0°
0.69
0.70
0.72
0.70
0.81
0.88
0.97
1.06
1.15
1.22
1.27
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.30
L. = 420°<f) = 400
0.16
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.25
0.29
0.31
0.40
0.46
0.52
0.57
0.61
0.63
0.64
0.63
0.62
0.60
0.58
30°
0.27
0.28
0.31
0 . 34
0.39
0.45
0.52
0.59
0.60
0.72
0.77
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.78
0.76
20°
0.39
0.40
0.43
0.46
0.51
O.B7
0.65
0.73
0.81
O.HS
0.94
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.95
0.92
10°
0.54
0.56
0.60
0.65
0.71
0.78
0.87
0.97
1.05
1.11
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.12
1.09
0°
0.70
0.72
0.75
0.80
0.86
0.93
1.02
L.1S
1.20
1.27
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.29
1.27
/,( y//'.sy<:.v 01- yy//<; s&w IN INDIA.
TABLE II.
i.U
A -h (*.
200°
270
280"
200°
tOO"
!l(l
J'2()°
KH)°
340°
BO
(1°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°
100°
L. = 430°<J>==40°
0.16
0.18
1.20
0.24
0.28
0 33
0 39
0 44
0 :.]
0 60
0 64
0 64
(I (13
0 58
0 55
80°
0.28
0.30
0.34
1.88
1.43
).50
>.57
0.64
0.71
0.76
0.80
0.81
o.so
0.79
0.76
0.73
0.70
20°
0.40
0.42
0.46
0.50
0.55
0.62
0.70
0.78
0.86
0.92
0.97
0.98
1 1.117
0.95
0.89
10°
0.56
0.59
O.IH
0.69
0.77
0.85
) . 93
1.02
1.09
1.14
1.15
1.14
1.12
1.09
1.06
0°
0.72
0.75
0.80
0.88
0.92
1.00
1.18
1.25
L.80
1.32
1.31
1 211
1.27
1.23
L. = 440° <)) = 40°
0.19
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.33
0.39
0.44
0.50
0.61
0.64
0.66
0.66
0.64
0.59
0.56
0.52
30°
0.30
0.34
0.38
0.43
0.49
0.62
0.70
0.76
0.80
0.82
0.81
0.80
0.70
20°
0.42
0.46
0.50
0.56
Kill
0.76
0.85
0.91
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.93
0.90
0.85
10°
0.60
0.04
0.69
0.75
0.91
1.00
1.08
1 1C
1.16
1.14
1 10
1.02
0°
0.75
0.79
0.84
0.90
0.98
1.07
1.15
1.24
1.30
1.33
1.33
1.31
1.2?
1 .23
1.19
L. = 450°4>=40°
0.21
i i\
0.32
0.37
0.43
0.4N
0.54
0.60
0.64
0.67
0.66
0.63
0.60
0.56
0.48
0.44
30°
0 30
0 33
0.37
1) V>
0 4K
) :. i
0 (il
0 68
0 74
0 80
(I .S3
(I 83
0 78
0 74
0 70
o 11:,
0 61
20°
0.46
0.80
1.56
0.61
0.67
0.75
0.82
0.90
0.96
1.00
1.00
0.99
0.95
0.111
0.86
0.76
10°
0 64
n r,'i
0 In
0 89
0 97
1 06
1 13
1 17
1 18
1 16
1 1"
1 0?
0 97
0°
0.79
0.84
0.90
0.98
1.05
1.14
1.2S
1.34
1.35
1.29
1.25
1.19
1.14
L. = 460°<f> = 40°
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.37
0.42
0.48
0.53
0.59
0.64
0.117
0.68
0.68
0.65
0.58
0.51
0.48
0.48
0.89
30°
0.87
0.42
0.47
0.54
0.80
0.67
0.73
0.79
0.84
0.85
n. si
0.81
0.77
0.72
0.66
0.61
0.55
20°
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.66
0.74
o.si
0.89
0.96
1.01
1.03
1.01
0.98
0 . 93
0.87
0.81
0.75
0.70
10°
0.69
0.75
0.81
0.89
1.05
1.12
1.18
1.20
1.19
L.ll
1.0'J
1.04
0.98
0.91
0°
0.84
0.90
0.96
i.(u
1. 11
1.21
t.as
1.34
1.36
1.35
L.81
1.26
1.20
1.14
1.07
L. = 470°<J>=40°
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.37
0.48
0.48
0..-.3
0.58
0.64
0.70
0.69
0.67
0.64
0.59
0.54
0.48
0.43
0.39
0.34
30°
0.39
0.44
0.49
0.5B
0.61
0.67
0.73
0.79
0.84
0.87
0.86
0.84
0.73
0.67
0.61
0.56
0.50
20°
0.56
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.81
0.88
0.95
1.01
1.05
1.03
1.01
0.95
0.88
0.82
0.76
0.70
0.64
10°
0.75
0.81
0 88
0 'If
1 OR
1 11
1 Is
1 21
1 90
1 17
1 11
1 0}
0 97
0 'II
0 84
0°
0.91
0.97
1 03
1 11
1 19
1 27
1 34
1 37
1 37
1 33
1 97
1 9.0
1 18
1 00
L. = 480°(}>=400
0.29
0.33
0.88
0.43
0.48
0.53
O.M
0.64
0.68
0.71
0.71
0.70
0 . (1(1
0.61
0.55
0.50
(1.41
0.89
0.34
o 26
30°
0.44
0.49
0.55
0.61
0.67
0.73
0.79
0.85
0.88
0.89
0.87
0.76
0.69
0.50
ii. tl
0.40
20°
0.61
0.67
0.74
0.81
0.88
0.95
1.01
1.05
1.0(1
1.08
0.98
0.91
0.84
0.76
0.69
0.62
0.57
10°
0.82
0.89
0.96
1.04
1.11
1.17
1.22
1.23
1.2o
1.14
1.07
0.99
0.92
0.84
0.77
0°
0 98
1 04
1 1?
1 19
1 97
1 33
1 38
1 40
1 37
1 30
| 99
1 14
1 07
0 99
0 92
L. = 490°<)>=400
0.33
0.38
0.43
0.48
0.54
0.58
0.64
9.68
0.72
0.71!
0.72
0.70
0.65
0.58
0.52
0.46
0.40
0.88
0.25
0.21
30°
0.49
0.55
0.61
0.66
0.73
0.84
0.88
0.91
O.'IO
0.86
0.80
0.72
0.65
0.57
0.51
0.45
(l.«9
0.84
20°
0.68
0.74
0.81
0.87
0.95
1.00
1 Ofi
1 08
1 07
1 09,
o <ir,
0 86
0 78
0 70
0 A3
0 57
0 52
10°
0.89
0.96
1.03
1. 11
1.17
1.22
1.25
1.23
1 .18
1.10
1.01
0.93
0.84
0.76
0.71
0°
1.05
1.12
1.19
1.26
1.33
1.38
1.41
1.39
1 . 34
1 . 26
1.17
1.08
0.99
0.92
0.85
I, = 500°4>=40°
0.43
0.48
0.53
0.58
0.63
0.68
0.72
0.74
(1.74
0.7J
0.68
0.55
0.48
0.41
0.29
0.25
0.17
30°
0.61
0.67
0.72
0.78
O.M
0.88
0.91
0.89
0.81
0.76
0.68
0.60
0.62
0.46
0. HI
20°
0.75
0.81
0.87
0.94
1.04
1.05
1.08
1.09
1 .or,
O.U9
0.81
0.71
0.114
0.57
0.51
o I:,
10°
0.96
1 . 03
1.10
I.U
1.22
1.25
1 .2(1
1 . 22
1.1 1
i in
0.86
0.77
O.C.3
0°
1.13
1.19
1.20
1.33
1.38
1 42
1.13
1.81
1 . 2!)
1 . 1 '.i
1.09
1.00
0.111
0.78
i.34
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE B.
A + ft.
260°
270°
280°
290°
300°
310°
320°
330°
340°
350°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
00°
100°
L. = 510° 4 = 40°
0.49
0.54
0.59
0.65
O.fi'J
0.73
0.76
0.77
0.75
0.72
0.67
0.59
0.52
0.11
0.38
0.32
0.26
0.21
0.17
0.14
30°
0.67
0.73
0.79
O.M
0.89
0.92
0.94
0.92
0.88
0.80
0.72
0.63
0.54
0.47
0.41
0.35
0.30
0.26
20°
0.82
0.88
0.94
1.00
1.05
1.09
1.11
1.09
1.03
0.95
0.85
0.75
0.66
0.57
0.50
0.45
0.40
10°
1.05
1.11
1.17
1.23
1.26
1.28
1.26
1.19
1.10
0.99
0.88
0.79
0.71
0.64
0.58
0°
1.21
1.28
1.34
1.39
1.43
1.44
1.42
1.35
1.24
1.14
1.03
0.93
0.85
0.77
0.72
L. = 520° 4 = 40°
0.54
0.59
0.64
0.69
0.73
0.76
0.78
0.78
0.76
0.70
0.63
0.56
0.49
0.40
0.33
0.27
0.21
0.17
0.14
0.11
30°
0.73
0.79
0.84
0.89
0.93
0.95
0.95
0.92
0.86
0.77
C.68
0.58
0.50
0.42
0.36
0.30
0.26
0.22
20°
0.88
0.94
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.12
1.11
1.08
1.01
0.91
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.52
0.45
0.40
0.88
10°
1.11
1.17
1.22
1.27
1.29
1.29
1.24
1.16
1.05
0.94
0.82
0.72
0.64
0.57
0.52
0.48
0°
1.27
1.33
1.39
1.43
1.45
1.44
1.39
1.30
1.18
1.06
0.95
0.86
0.78
0.71
0.65
L. = 530° 4 = 40°
0.59
0.64
0.69
0.73
0.76
0.78
0.79
0.77
0.74
0.68
0.60
0.52
0.43
0.35
0.29
0.22
0.17
0.14
0.11
0.09
30°
0.79
0.84
0.89
0.93
0.96
0.96
0.95
0.90
0.83
0.73
0.63
0.54
0.44
0.37
0.30
0.26
0.22
0.19
20°
1.00
1.06
1.10
1.13
1.13
1.12
1.07
0.97
0.86
0.74
0.64
0.54
0.47
0.40
0.35
0.31
10°
1.17
1.23
1.27
i .;w
1.31
1.28
1.22
1.12
0.99
0.87
0.76
0.67
0.59
0.52
0.48
0.44
0°
1.33
1.39
1.43
1.45
1.46
1.43
1.35
1.25
1.12
1.00
0.89
0.80
0.71
0.66
0.61
L. = 540° 41 = 40°
0.69
0.73
0.76
0.78
0.80
0.79
0.77
0.72
0.65
0.58
0.49
0.40
0.32
0.25
0.20
0.16
0.12
0.10
0.09
30°
0.84
0.89
0.93
0.95
0.97
0.96
0.94
0.88
0.79
0.69
0.59
0.48
0.40
0.32
0.27
0.22
0.18
0.16
20°
1.05
1.10
1.12
1.44
1.13
1.10
1.03
0.93
0.81
0.69
0.58
0.49
0.42
0.36
0.32
0.28
10°
1.22
1.27
1.30
1.32
1.31
1.26
1.19
1.07
0.94
0.82
0.70
0.61
0.54
0.48
0.43
0.41
0°
1.38
1.43
1.46
1.47
1.46
1.41
1.32
1.20
1.07
0.94
0.82
0.73
0.67
0.61
0.57
L. = 550°<?>=40°
0.73
0.77
0.80
0.81
0.81
0.80
0.76
0.70
0.63
0.54
0.45
0.36
0.28
0.22
0.16
0.13
0.10
0.08
30°
0.89
0.93
0.96
0.98
0.97
0.92
0.86
0.76
0.65
0.55
0.44
0.36
0.29
0.23
0.19
0.17
0.15
20°
1 10
1 13
1 16
1 16
1 H
1 08
i on
0 89
0 77
0 65
n 53
0 44
0 38
0 33
0 9,9
0 26
10°
1.27
1.30
1.32
1.32
1.29
1.24
1.14
1.02
0.89
0.76
0.65
0.56
0.49
0.44
0.41
0.39
0°
1.43
1.46
1.48
1.48
1.44
1.38
1.28
1.14
1.01
0.88
0.77
0.68
0.62
0.57
0.54
L. = 560°<}>=400
0.76
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.80
0.78
0.74
0.67
0.59
0.50
0.41
0.32
0.25
0.18
0.13
0.10
0.08
0.07
30°
0.95
0.97
0.98
0.97
0.95
0.90
0.81
0.72
0.60
0.49
0.39
0.31
0.24
0.20
0.17
0.15
0.14
20°
1.13
1.15
1.16
1.15
1.12
1.06
0.96
0.84
0.72
0.59
0.49
0.40
0.34
0.29
0.26
0.25
10°
1.30
1.32
1.33
1.31
1.28
1.20
1.09
0.97
0.83
0.70
0.60
0.51
0.44
0.41
0.38
0°
1.47
1.49
1.49
1.47
1.43
1.34
1.23
1.10
0.96
0.82
0.72
0.64
0.59
0.55
0.53
£
L. = 570° 4 =40°
0.81
0.82
0.82
0.80
0.77
0.72
0.64
0.55
0.46
0.37
0.28
0.21
0.16
0.11
0.08
0.07
0.07
30°
0.98
0.99
0.99
0.97
0.93
0.87
0.79
0.68
0.57
0.46
0.36
0.28
0.22
0.18
0.15
0.14
20°
1.15
1.16
1.16
1.15
1.10
1.03
0.93
0.81
0.68
0.56
0.45
0.37
0.31
0.27
0.26
0.25
10°
1.32
1.33
1.33
1.30
1.25
1.17
1.06
0.93
0.78
0.66
0.55
0.47
0.42
0.39
0.37
0.37
0°
1.48
1.49
1.48
1.45
1.39
1.30
1.18
1.04
0.90
0.77
0.67
0.60
0.55
0.52
0.51
L. = 580° 4> = 40°
0.82
0.82
0.81
0.78
0.74
0.69
0.61
0.53
0.43
0.33
0.25
0.18
0.13
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.08
30°
0.99
0.9!»
0.98
0.95
0.90
0.84
0.75
0.65
0.53
0.41
0.32
0.24
0.19
0.16
0.14
0.14
20°
1.16
1.16
1.15
1.12
1.07
0.99
0.89
0.77
0.63
0.51
0.41
0.34
0.28
0.25
0.24
0.24
10°
1.33
1.33
1.31
1.28
1.23
1.13
1.02
0.88
0.73
0.62
0.51
0.44
0.40
0.38
0.37
0°
1.49
1.49
1.47
1.43
1.36
1.26
1.15
1.00
0.85
0.74
0.64
0.57
0.53
0.51
0.51
()/' Till'. SI ',V JN INDIA.
TABLE 15.
135
A + ft.
tit Ml
270°
•>(»>
•2: in
:;IKI
310°
:!20°
.KM)0
340°
:;r.t i
0°
10°
n
:«)°
10°
50'
(W
JMI
INI
100°
L. = 590° 4> = 40°
0.82
O.Sl
0.5s
ii r.i
0 . 39
0.29
0.15
0 10
11.07
u 117
80°
0 «9
II MS
II ss
0 Ml
0 71
0 (10
0 37
0 V9
n •>••
o r,
u l l
(1 K,
20°
1.16
1.15
1.13
L.10
1.04
0.72
0.37
ii :;i
O.M
10°
1 . 33
1.32
1.29
1. 26
1.19
1 . 09
0.97
0.84
0.67
0.48
0. 12
0.37
0.17
0°
1.49
1. is
1 . 45
1.4(1
1 . 32
1.22
1.10
0.96
0.81
0.69
0.61
0.55
0.6]
0.52
L. = 600° 41 = 40°
0.80
0,77
0.73
0.08
0.81
0.53
0.44
O.M
0.26
0.18
0.07
0.08
30°
0.97
0.94
II s'.l
0.88
0.7!
0.65
0 II
0.31
0.25
0 19
0.18
0.14
0.14
0.17
20°
I. Id
1.14
1.11
1 (1C,
0.90
n.79
0.67
0.14
0.34
0.28
0.26
0.25
10°
1.8S
1.30
1.27
1.22
1 1 i
l.or.
O.U2
0.79
o.65
0.52
0.44
0.37
0.37
0.39
0°
1.48
1 4(1
1 f
1 "S
I I*
1 1C,
0 91
n 7s
0 58
o M
0 5?
(1 54
L. = 610°<J>=40°
0.78
0.75
0.69
0.57
II IS
0.39
0 .'ill
0.22
0.16
0.11
0.08
0.08
3(P
0 94
1! 'l|
o "'i
0 71
ii i;i
0 50
0 23
0 18
0 15
0 17
20°
1.11
1 OS
1.02
O.'JI
O.S.'i
0.71
0.62
0.50
0.30
0.27
0.28
10°
1 30
1 28
1 M
1 17
1 10
0 99
i s;
0 75
n i;ii
Ii m
0 42
0 39
0 39
0 12
0°
1.46
1.43
1.37
1.31
1.23
1.12
0.99
0.85
0.72
0.02
0.50
0.59
0.52
0.57
L. = 620° 41 = 40°
0.78
0.70
0.86
0.58
0.51
11.42
0.34
0.25
0.18
0.12
0.09
0.08
0.10
0.90
0.86
0.72
0.64
0.44
0.34
0.26
0.19
0.16
0.15
0.17
0.19
20°
1.07
1. 08
O.M
0.88
0.79
0.67
0.55
0.44
0.84
0.2S
0.25
0.25
0.28
O.S3
10°
1.28
1.24
1.20
L.U
1.04
0.94
0.81
0.67
0.56
0. 40
0.41
0.39
0.40
0.43
0.48
0°
1.42
1.39
1.88
1 . 20
1.18
1.07
0.93
0.81
0.68
0.59
0.55
0.52
0.53
0.57
0.61
L. = 630° <J> = 40°
O.M
0.59
0.5S
0.45
0.36
0.27
0.20
0.14
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.10
0.13
30°
0.87
0.81
0. (17
0.59
0.48
0.38
0.30
0.22
0.16
0.17
0.19
0.23
20°
1.03
0.97
0.91
0.83
0.73
0.63
0.50
0.39
0.32
0.27
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.36
10°
1.24
1.20
1.14
1.06
0.98
0.87
0.75
0.62
0.6]
0.44
(1 II!
0.40
0.42
0.46
0.51
0°
1.39
1.34
1 . '20
1.20
1.11
1.00
0.88
0.76
0.65
0.57
0.54
0.55
0.57
0.61
0.67
L. = 040°$= 40°
0.59
0.53
0.46
0.39
0.31
0.23
0.16
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.10
0.18
30°
0.81
0.76
0.69
0.52
I). 12
0.33
0.2.-,
0.19
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.24
0.29
2Q°
0.97
O.'JI
0.83
O.O.'i
0.54
0.44
0.3:,
0.29
0.27
1.28
0.31
0.37
10°
1.18
1.07
0.99
0.90
0.68
0.57
0.48
0. 12
0.40
0.42
1 . 40
0.51
0.57
0°
1.34
1.28
1.21
1.13
1.04
0.93
0.82
0.70
0.61
0.56
0.55
0.56
0.61
i.or,
0.78
L. = 650° 4, = 40°
0 54
0.47
0 40
0 33
0 ?6
0 18
0 13
0 10
0 09
0 11
0 18
0 17
30°
0.75
II O'l
0 62
1 r>4
0 45
0 36
0 28
0 9.i
0 19
0 18
0 20
0 24
1 2!t
20°
0.91
0.84
0.77
0.68
0.58
0.48
0.39
0.31
0 . 29
0.31
0.36
0.42
10°
1.00
1.00
O.U2
0.83
0.72
0.62
0.52
0.45
0.41
0.42
0.46
0.51
0.58
0.64
0°
1.28
1.22
1.16
1.07
).'.)K
0.87
0.76
0.68
0.59
0.56
0.58
0.62
0.67
0.73
0.80
L. = 660° $=40°
0.46
0.40
0.33
0.26
0.19
0.15
0.11
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.17
0.22
30°
O.OK
0.61
0.54
0.47
0.3'J
0.30
0.24
0.19
0.19
0.21
0.25
0.30
0.85
20°
0.83
0.77
0.68
1.60
).51
). 12
0.35
0.30
0.29
0.31
0.37
0.48
0.49
10°
i on
0 9?
0 84
1 75
) or>
0 56
0 47
0 43
0 4?
0.46
0 51
0.5"
0 65
0 71
0°
1.22
1.15
1.08
0.99
0.90
1 . SO
0.70
I.M
1.58
0.58
0.62
1 . 07
0.73
).S(I
0.87
i36
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE B.
A + p.
200°
270°
280°
290°
300°
310°
320°
330°
M0°
3r>u°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
-)0°
60°
70°
80°
!M)°
100°
L. = 670° <£ = 40°
0.39
0.33
0.27
0.21
).15
0.11
0.10
).ll
0.14
0.18
0.23
0.28
30°
0.61
0.54
0.47
0.39
0.32
0.26
0.21
0.20
0.21
0.25
0.29
0.36
0.42
20°
0.77
0.69
0.61
0.53
0.46
0.38
0.32
0.30
0.32
0.37
0.43
0.50
0.57
10°
0.93
0.85
0.76
0.68
0.59
0.51
0.46
0.44
0.46
0.52
0.58
0.65
0.72
0.79
0°
1.15
1.08
1.01
0.92
0.84
0.75
0.66
0.61
0.59
0.61
0.66
0.73
0.81
0.88
0.95
L. = 680° $ — 40°
0.33
0.27
0.22
0.17
0.13
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.18
0.23
0.29
0.34
30°
0.53
0.47
0.40
0.33
0.28
0.23
0.20
0.21
0.25
0.29
0.35
0.42
0.48
20°
0.69
O.fi2
0.54
0.47
0.40
0.35
).32
0.32
0.37
0.43
0.49
0.57
0.63
10°
0.86
0.79
0.71
0.62
0.55
0.49
0.46
0.47
0.51
(.58
0.65
0.73
0.80
0°
1.08
1.02
0.95
0.86
0.78
0.70
0.64
0.61
0.62
0.67
0.74
0.81
0.89
0.96
1.03
L. = 690°4>=40°
0.32
0.27
0.22
0.18
0.14
O.I!!
0.12
0.14
0.18
0.24
0.29
0.35
30°
0.46
0.40
0.34
0.29
0.24
0.21
0.22
0.25
0.29
0.36
0.42
0.49
0.55
20°
0.62
0.55
0.48
0.42
0.37
0.34
0.34
0.37
0.43
0.51
0.58
0.64
0.71
10°
0.77
0.71
0.64
0.56
0.51
0.47
0.47
0.50
0.57
0.65
0.73
0.80
0.86
0°
1.00
0.93
0.87
0.80
0.72
0.66
0.63
0.62
0.66
0.72
0.80
0.88
0.96
1.02
1.09
L. = 700°4>=40°
0.27
0.22
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.13
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.29
0.35
0.41
0.46
30°
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.22
0.22
0.25
0.29
0.35
0.42
0.49
0.55
0.61
20°
0.55
0.49
0.43
0.38
0.35
0.34
0.37
0.42
0.49
0.57
0.64
0.71
0.77
10°
0.77
0.71
0.65
0.59
0.53
0.50
0.49
0.51
0.56
0.64
0.73
0.80
0.87
0.94
0°
0.93
0.87
0.81
0.75
0.69
0.65
0.64
0.66
0.71
0.80
0.88
0.96
1.03
1.09
1.15
L. = 710°4> = 40°
0.22
0.19
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.30
0.35
0.41
0.46
0.51
30°
0.34
0.30
0.27
0.24
0.23
0.25
0.29
0.34
0.42
0:48
0.55
0.61
0.66
20°
0.49
0.44
0.40
0.37
0.35
0.37
0.41
0.48
0.58
0.64
0.71
0.78
0.83
10°
0.70
0.65
0.59
0.55
0.51
0.49
0.50
0.56
0.62
0.71
0.80
0.87
0.94
1.00
0°
0.86
0.81
0.76
0.72
0.68
0.65
0.66
0.71
0.78
0.87
0.95
1.03
1.12
1.16
1.21
L. = 720°(}> = 400
0.22
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.19
0.24
0.29
0.35
0.41
0.46
0.51
0.55
30°
0.34
0.30
0.27
0.25
0.24
0.25
0.28
0.34
0.40
0.47
0.55
0.61
0.66
0.70
20°
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.37
0.36
0.37
0.40
0.46
0.54
0.62
0.69
0.77
0.82
U.87
10°
0.65
0.61
0.57
0.53
0.51
0.52
0.55
0.61
0.69
0.78
0.86
0.94
0.99
1.05
0°
0.81
0.76
0.73
0.69
0.67
0.67
0.70
0.76
0.84
0.93
1.01
1.09
1.15
1.21
1.25
L. = 730°4>=40°
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.22
0.28
0.34
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.54
0.58
30°
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.28
0.33
0.39
0.47
0.54
0.60
0.66
0.70
0.74
20°
0.44
0.41
0.38
0.37
0.38
0.40
0.45
0.52
0.61
0.69
0.76
0.82
0.87
0.91
10°
0.59
0.56
0.52
0.51
0.51
0.54
0.58
0.66
0.75
0.84
0.92
0.98
1.04
1.07
1.11
0°
0.76
0.72
0.70
0.68
0.67
0.69
0.74
0.81
0.91
1.00
1.08
1.14
1.20
1.24
1.27
L. = 740°4>=40°
0.17
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.18
0.22
0.27
0.33
0.39
0.45
0.50
0.54
0.58
0.60
30°
0.28
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.28
0.32
0.38
0.45
0.52
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.74
0.77
20°
0.40
0.38
0.37
0.37
0.39
0.43
0.50
0.58
0.66
0.75
0.81
0.87
0.90
0.93
0.96
10°
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.52
0.53
0.58
0.64
0.72
0.81
0.90
0.97
1.03
1.07
1.10
1.13
0°
0.73
0.70
0.69
0.68
0.69
0.73
0.79
0.87
0.97
1.06
1.14
1.19
1.24
1.27
1.29
I
KCUfSKS OI- THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE IJ.
'37
A 4- ft.
2<;o°
J70
280°
2!H>
300°
310°
no
sag
340
:!.-,<r
0°
in
10
in
M
DO
70
M
!KI
100
L. = 750°<}- = 400
i) ] (i
0. IT,
0.18
0.16
0.18
0.21
O.ili
0.31
0.89
0.41
0.4U
0.57
O.fiO
O.G2
0.26
0.26
0.38
0.32
0.37
0.43
0.51
0.65
o.7i
0.77
0.78
0.7'J
20°
o 3'.)
0.89
i i.3'.i
0. 11
0.44
0.49
0.56
0.65
0.73
0.81
O.K7
O.'.M
O.'.H
0.97
10°
0.54
o.r,3
0.5:1
O.M
0.67
0.62
0.70
0.79
0.97
1.03
l.os
1.11
1.13
1.14
0°
0.70
0.01)
0.73
0.7*
0.85
0.94
1.03
1.12
l.l'.i
1 .24
1.311
1.31
L. = 760°<f>= 40°
0.15
0.1!
0.1(1
0.18
0.21
0.25
0.36
0.12
0.54
0.60
0.62
0.62
30°
0.26
0.26
0.28
O.:il
0.35
0.41
0.48
0.56
0.63
0.69
0.73
0.76
0.78
0.79
0.79
20°
0.39
0.89
0.41
o. n
0.48
0.54
0.62
0.70
0.79
0.86
0.110
0.94
0.97
0.97
10°
ii :>:',
0 54
o ",?
0 61
0 iis
0 76
0 85
0 94
1 02
1 07
1 11
1 13
1 1 I
1 14
0°
0.69
O.IJ'.I
0.70
0.76
0.91
1.00
1.09
1.23
1.27
1.31
1.31
138
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE C.
y'+y".
If .5
y'+y".
V r£3 ?2
^ ^ ' 5)
•^ ^ f~^
i-^ Si>
y'-l-y".
<— V
° 3 A
"® "'it
y'+y".
'— ;,
O tn
oj •
4) cC ^2
p u ^
11.2
y' + y".
V- V
1 §
y' + y".
O en
s r"--1"
~- il
35.47
0
45.46
0
55.45
0
65.44
0
75.43
0
85.42
0
35.51
1
45.50
1
55.50
1
65.49
1
75.48
1
85.47
1
35.56
2
45 . 55
2
55.54
2
65.54
2
75.53
2
85.52
2
35.60
3
45.59
3
55.59
3
65.58
3
75.58
3
85.57
3
35 . 64
4fe|
45.64
4
55.63
42!
65.63
4^
75.63
42
85.62
4^
35.68
35.73
35.77
35.81
t?
8*
45.68
45.73
45.77
45.82
el"
s
5'
8?
55.68
55.73
55.77
55.82
Cr'
6g
P"
65.68
65.73
65 77
65.82
p
7s:
P
75.68
75.73
75.78
75.83
p
8^
85.68
85.73
85.78
85.83
8^
35.85
9
45.86
9
55.86
9
65.87
9
75.87
9
85.88
9
35.90
10
45.90
10
55.91
10
65.92
10
75.92
10
85.93
10
35.94
11
45.95
11
55.96
11
65.97
11
75.97
11
85.98
11
35.98
12
45.99
12
56.00
12
—
—
—
—
—
—
36.00
Total.
46.00
Total.
56.00
Total.
66.00
Annular.
76.00
Annular.
86.00
Annular.
36.02
12
46.01
12
56.00
12
—
—
—
—
—
—
36.06
11
46.05
11
56.04
11
66.03
. n
76.03
11
86.02
11
36.10
10
46.10
10
56.09
10
66.08
10
76.08
10
86.07
10
36.15
9
46.14
9
56.14
9
66.13
9
76.13
9
86.12
9
36.19
36.23
36.27
36.32
36.36
8v
7|
ef
5c:
J
46.18
46.23
46.27
46.32
46.36
*„
7 1
e|
56.18
56.23
56.27
56.32
56.87
o>
7|
C3-1
P
S'
4?
66.18
66.23
66.27
66.32
66.37
8
cc
7|
63.
5'
76.17
76.22
76.27
76.32
76.37
8
C/3
7|
tr
6§
5'
86.17
86.22
86.27
86.32
86.38
7l
§T
5-
p
36.40
3
46.41
3
56.41
3
66.42
3
76.42
3
86.43
3
36.44
2
46.45
2
56.46
2
00.40
2
76.47
2
86.48
2
36.49
1
46.50
1
56.50
1
66.51
1
76.52
1
86.53
1
36.53
0
46.54
0
50 . 55
0
66.56
0
76.57
0
86.58
0
ECLIPSES Of 'I 111-: SUN /.V INDIA.
TABLE D.
139
A + V..
2G()°
270°
280°
290°
300°
310°
320°
:CMF
340°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
00°
70°
SHI-
!MI
100°
L = ()°<}>=400
58.3
0.0
1.7
3.5
5.5
7.7
9.8
11. T
17.2
19.5
21.8
23.8
25.8
27.8
29.5
30°
59.3
1.0
2.8
4.7
6.8
9.2
11.5
14. S
16.8
19.3
11.7
28.8
26.0
29.7
20°
58.7
0.3
2.2
U
6.0
8.3
10.8
18. E
19.0
21.5
87.1
31.2
10°
59.8
1.5
3 . 3
7.7
10.2
IB. 8
15.7
18.5
ll.(
23.5
25.7
29.3
81.0
0°
59.3
1.0
2.8
4.8
9.8
12.2
15.0
20.5
23.0
25.2
27.2
30.7
L. = 10° $ = 40°
59.0
0.5
2.2
4.0
8.0
6.0
10. S
12.5
15.0
17.8
19.8
22.2
80.0
31.7
80°
59 7
1 \\
3 0
T 0
7 0
9 3
11 7
1 t •'
16 8
fll 8
n •>
•'11 "
?9 8
31 .1
20°
59.0
0.7
2.3
4.3
6.3
8.5
ll.i
13.7
lfi.:i
19.0
21.7
24.0
26.0
28.0
29.8
31.5
10°
58.3
0.0
1.7
3 . :>
5.5
7.7
10.0
12.7
15.5
18.3
21.0
23.5
25.7
27.7
2'J.5
31.2
0°
.v.i . 3
L.I
2.8
4.7
6.8
9.3
11.8
14.7
IT.'.
20.3
22.8
25.0
27.2
29.0
L.= 20°4> = 40°
59.3
0.8
2.1
4.3
8.3
10.5
12.8
1 5 . 2
17.7
20.2
22.5
24.7
26.7
28.7
80. IS
32.2
33. S
30°
58.5
0.0
1.7
3.5
.-. . 3
7.3
9.7
12.0
14.5
17.2
19.7
22.2
24.5
2(1.7
28.7
30.3
20°
59.2
0.7
B.I
4.3
6.3
8.5
10.8
13.5
16.3
19.0
21.7
24.0
26.2
28.2
30.0
31.7
10°
.V.I ^
1.5
8.8
5.3
7.5
9.8
12.5
1 :> . :t
18.2
20.8
23.3
25.7
27.7
29.5
3 1 . 2
0°
5'J.3
1.0
2.7
4.7
6.7
9.0
11.7
11.:,
17.3
20.2
22.7
25.0
27.2
29.0
30.7
L.= 30° $ = 400
59.8
1.5
3.2
4.8
6.7
8.7
10.8
13.2
15.7
18.2
20.5
28.0
25.2
27.3
29.3
31.0
82.7
3 ^ . :!
30°
58.8
0.3
2.0
3.7
5.5
7.5
9.7
12.0
14.5
17.2
19.8
22.3
2k?
26.8
28.8
30.7
32.3
34.0
20°
59.3
0.8
2.5
4.3
6.3
8.5
10.8
13.3
16.2
19.0
21.7
24.2
26.3
28.3
30.2
31.8
10°
58.5
0.0
1.7
3.5
5.3
7.5
9.8
12.3
15.2
18.2
20.8
23.5
25.8
27.8
29.7
31.3
0°
59.3
1.0
2.7
4.5
6.5
8.8
11.5
14.2
17.2
20.0
22.7
25.0
27.2
29.0
30.7
I, = 40° $ = 40°
58.8
0.3
1.8
3.5
5.2
7.0
9.0
11.2
13.5
15.8
18.3
20.8
23.3
25.5
27.7
-".» . 7
31.5
33.2
34.8
30°
59.0
0.5
2.2
3.8
5.7
7.5
9.7
12.0
14.7
17.3
20.0
22.5
25.0
27.2
29.2
11.0
32.7
34.3
20°
59.5
1.0
2.7
4.5
6.3
8.5
10.8
13.5
16.3
19.2
21.8
24.8
K.I
28.7
30.5
82.2
10°
58.3
59.8
1.5
3.2
5.2
7.2
9.7
12.2
15.0
18.0
20.8
23.5
25. S
27.8
29.7
31.5
0°
59.2
0.8
2.5
4.3
6.3
8.7
11.3
14.0
17.2
20.0
22.7
25.2
27.2
29.2
L. = 50° $ = 40°
59.2
0.5
2.2
3.7
5.5
7.3
9.2
11.3
13.7
16.2
18.7
21.2
23.7
26.0
28.0
!(!.()
32.0
33.7
35.3
J« . .•«
30°
59.2
0.7
2.2
3.8
5.7
7.7
9.8
12.2
14.7
17.3
20.2
22.7
25.2
27.3
29.5
31.3
33.0
34.7
20°
59.5
1.0
2.7
4.5
6.3
8.5
10.8
13.5
16.3
19.2
22.0
24.5
26.8
28.8
30.7
32.5
10°
58.5
0.0
1.5
3.3
5.S
7.2
9.5
12.2
15.0
18.0
21.0
23.7
25.8
28.0
10.0
31.7
0°
59.2
0.7
2.3
4.3
6.3
8.7
11.2
14.0
17.0
20.0
22.5
26 J
27.3
29.2
31.0
L. = 60°4>=:400
59.2
0.7
2.2
3.8
5.5
7.3
9.3
11. 5
13.7
16.2
18.7
21.3
23.8
26.2
88. 8
10.8
32.2
33.8
35.5
37.0
30°
59.2
0.7
2.2
3.8
5.7
7.7
9.7
12.2
14.7
17.3
20.2
22.8
25.3
27.5
29.5
31.5
38.2
34.8
20°
59.5
1.0
2.7
4.5
6.3
8.5
10.8
13.5
16.3
19.3
22.0
27.0
28.8
30.8
32.5
34.2
10°
58.3
VJ . 8
1.3
3.2
5.0
7.2
9.5
12.2
15.0
18.0
21.0
23.7
26.0
28.2
30.0
31.7
0°
VJ.O
0.7
2.3
4.2
6.2
8.5
11.2
14.2
17.2
20.2
22.8
25.3
27.3
29.3
31.0
L.= 70°<J> = 40°
59.3
0.7
2.2
3.8
5.7
7.5
9.3
11.5
13.8
16.3
18. 8
21.5
21.0
26.3
28.5
30.5
•)2 . 3
37.3
30°
59.3
0.8
2.3
4.0
5.8
7.7
9.8
12.2
14.7
17.7
20.3
23.0
25.5
27.8
29.8
31.7
33.3
20°
59.5
1.0
2.7
4.3
6.3
8.5
10.8
13.5
16.5
19.3
22.2
24.8
27.2
29.2
31.0
3-2 . 7
31.3
10°
59.8
1.5
3.2
5.2
7.2
9.5
2.8
18.3
21.3
2:?. s
26.2
31.8
0°
59.0
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.2
8.7
11.2
14.2
17.3
20.5
23.2
87.1
29.3
31.2
140
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE D.
A + p.
260°
270°
280°
290°
300°
310°
320°
330°
340°
350°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
00°
70°
80°
90°
100°
L.= 80?$ =40°
59.3
0.7
2.2
3.8
5.5
7.3
9.3
11.5
13.8
16.3
19.0
21.5
24.0
26.3
28.5
30.5
32.3
34.2
35.7
37.3
80°
59.2
0.5
2.2
3.5
5.5
7.5
9.7
12.0
14.7
17.5
20.3
23.0
25.5
27.7
29.7
31.5
33.3
34.8
20°
VJ.3
0.8
2.5
4.3
6.2
8.3
10.7
13.5
16.3
19.3
22.2
24.8
27.0
29.2
31.0
32.7
54.2
10°
59.7
1.3
3.0
5.0
7.2
9.5
12.3
15.3
18.5
21.3
24.0
26.3
28.3
30.2
32.0
0°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.2
8.5
11.3
14.3
17.5
20.5
23.2
25.5
27.7
29.5
51.2
L. = 90°$ =40°
59. S
0.7
2.2
3.8
5.5
7.3
9.3
11.5
13.8
16.3
18.8
21.5
24.0
26.3
28.5
30.5
32.3
U.2
35.7
37.2
38.7
30°
59.0
0 . 5
2.2
3.8
5.5
7.5
9.7
12.2
14.8
17.5
20.3
23.2
25.5
27.8
29.8
31.7
33.3
34.8
36.3
20°
59.2
0.7
2.3
4.2
6.0
8.2
10.7
13.5
16.5
19.5
22.2
24.8
27.0
29.2
30.8
32.7
34.2
10°
59.7
1.2
3.0
5.0
7.2
9.7
12.3
15.6
18.7
21.5
24.2
26.3
28.3
30.2
31.8
0°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.3
8.7
11.5
14.7
17.8
20.8
23.5
25.7
27.7
29.5
31.2
L. = 100° $=40°
58.8
0.3
1.8
3.3
5.2
7.0
8.8
11.0
13.3
16.0
18.5
21.2
23.7
26.0
28.2
30.2
32.0
33.8
35.3
36.8
5S.3
30°
58.7
0.2
1.7
3.5
5.2
7.2
9.5
11.8
14.5
17.3
20.2
22.8
25.3
27.5
29.5
U.8
33.0
34.7
56.0
20°
59.0
0.5
2.2
4.0
6.0
8.2
10.8
13.5
16.5
19.5
22.3
24.7
27.0
29.0
JO. 8
32.5
51.0
10°
59.5
1.2
3.0
5.0
7.2
9.7
12.5
15.7
18.7
21.8
24.2
26.3
28.3
30.2
31.7
0°
58.8
0.3
2.3
4.2
6.3
8.8
11.8
15.0
18.2
21.0
23.5
25.8
27.8
29.7
31.2
L. = 110°(J> = 40°
59.8
1.3
3.0
4.7
6.5
8.8
10.7
13.2
15.7
18.3
20.8
23.3
25.7
27.8
29.8
31.7
33.3
15.0
56.5
38.0
30°
58.6
0.0
1.7
3.3
5.2
7.2
9.3
11.8
14.5
17.3
20.2
22.8
25.2
27.3
29.3
31.2
32.8
34.3
35.8
20°
59.0
0.5
2.2
4.0
6.0
8.2
10.8
13.5
lfi.5
19.5
22.2
24.7
27.0
29.0
30.7
32.3
33.8
10°
59.5
1.2
2.8
5.0
7.2
9.7
12.7
15.7
18.8
21.8
24.2
26.2
28.2
30.2
31.8
0°
58.8
0.6
2.2
4.2
6.5
9.0
12.0
15.2
18.3
21.3
23.8
25.8
27.8
2 11.. '
31.2
L. = 120°<J) = 40°
59.3
0.8
2.5
4.2
6.0
8.0
10.2
12.5
15.0
17.7
20.3
22.8
25.2
27.3
29.3
31.2
32.8
34.5
36.0
37.3
30°
59.5
1.2
2.8
4.7
6.7
8.8
11.3
14.0
16.8
19.7
22.3
24.7
26.8
28.8
30.7
32.3
34.0
35.3
20°
58.7
0.2
1.8
3.7
5.7
8.0
10.5
13.3
16.3
1!) . 3
22.0
24.5
26.7
28.7
30.5
32.2
33.7
10°
59.3
1.0
2.8
4.8
7.0
9.7
12.5
15.7
18.8
21.5
24.0
26.2
28.2
29.8
31.5
0°
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.8
6.7
9.2
12.2
15.3
18.5
21.3
23.7
25.8
27.8
29.5
31.2
L. = 130°<J>=40°
59.0
0.5
2.0
3.8
5.7
7.7
9.8
12.2
14.7
17.2
19.8
22.3
24.7
26.8
28.8
30.7
32.3
34.0
35.5
30°
59.3
0.8
2.5
4.3
6.3
8.7
11.0
13.7
16.5
19.3
22.0
24.3
26.5
28.5
30.3
32.0
33.7
35.0
20°
58.5
0.0
1.7
3.5
5.5
7.8
10.3
13.2
16.2
19.0
21.8
24.2
26.5
28.3
30.2
31.8
33.3
1(1°
59.3
1.0
2.8
4.8
7.2
9.7
12.7
15.7
18.7
21.5
24.0
26.2
28.0
29.8
31.5
0°
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.3
6.8
9.3
12.3
15.5
18.5
21.3
23.7
25.8
27.8
29.5
31.2
L. = 140°4> = 40°
59.8
1.5
3.2
5.0
7.(
9.2
11.5
13.8
16.5
19.0
21.5
24.0
26.0
28.0
30.0
31.7
33.3
34.8
30°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.0
G.O
8.2
10.5
13.2
16.0
18.8
21.5
24.0
26.0
28.0
29.8
31.5
33.2
20°
59.8
1.8
B.
5.3
7.5
10.0
12.8
15.8
18.8
21.5
24.0
26.2
28.2
29.8
31.5
33.0
10°
59.2
0.8
2.
4.7
6.8
9.5
12.3
15.5
18.5
21.3
23.7
25.8
27.8
29.5
31.2
0°
58.8
0.5
2.
4.5
8.7
9.3
12.3
15.5
18.5
21.3
23.7
25.8
27.7
29 . ,r
31.2
L. = 150°<}> = 400
59.2
0.8
2.5
4.
6.3
8.5
10.8
13.2
15.8
18.3
20.8
23.2
25.3
27.3
29.2
31.0
32.7
34.2
30°
58 . 5
0.2
1.8
3.
5.5
7.7
10.2
12.8
15.5
18.3
21.0
23.3
25.5
27-5
29.3
31.2
32.7
20°
59.5
1.2
3.
5.0
7.2
9.7
12.5
15.3
18.3
21.0
23.5
25.7
27.7
29. f
31.2
32.7
10°
59.2
0.8
2.
4.7
6.8
9.5
12.3
15.3
18.3
21.2
23.7
25.8
27.7
29. r
31.2
0°
58.8
0.7
2.5
4.5
6.8
9.5
12.3
15.3
18.5
21.2
23.7
25.8
27.7
29.5
31.2
ECLIPSES 01' Till' SUN IN INDIA.
TA liLM I).
A + p.
260°
170
280°
290°
300°
310°
:i2o
:s:«)°
340
350°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
1(M)°
I,. = 160° $ = 40°
58.5
0.2
1.8
3.7
5.7
7.7
10.0
15.2
17.7
20.0
22 3
U.I
26.5
28.5
30.2
11.8
30°
59.7
1.8
3.2
:. . 2
7.3
9.7
15.0
20.3
22.8
25.n
29.0
30.7
32.2
20°'
59.3
1.0
2.7
4.7
7.0
9.8
12.2
15.0
18.0
20.7
23.2
25.3
29.2
•JO. 8
32.3
59.0
0.7
2.5
t.l
9.2
12.0
18.0
20.8
23.3
25.5
29 . 3
no
0°
59.0
0.7
2.5
4.5
6.8
9.8
12.2
18.3
21.0
23.5
25.7
29.3
31.0
L. = 170°$ =40°
59.7
1.3
3.2
5.1
7.d
9.3
LI. 7
U.3
16.8
19.3
21.7
21.0
26.0
27.8
29.7
30°
:>9 . 2
0.8
2.7
1.7
6.7
9.0
11.7
14 .3
17.2
19.8
22 . 2
M.B
30.2
20°
:,'.) 2
0.8
2.5
4.3
6.7
9.8
11.8
It 7
17.5
29.0
30. 7
10°
:,'.).()
0.7
2.5
4.3
(1.7
11 . -2
11 .s
1 1.8
20.7
23.2
25 . 5
29.2
i().s
0°
511.0
0.7
2.5
4 . 5
'.i :i
12.2
1 5 . 1
is. 2
25.7
29.3
31.0
L. = 180°4> = 40°
59.2
0.8
2.5
6.5
9.1
11.2
13.7
16.2
18.7
21.2
23.3
25.3
27.3
29 . 2
80.8
30°
58.8
0.5
2.3
1 2
6.3
8.7
11.2
18.8
KI.5
19.3
21.8
24.0
M.O
28.0
29.8
31.3
20°
58.8
0.5
a.s
i.8
6.3
8.7
11.3
14.2
17.0
19.8
22.5
28.5
30.3
10°
58.8
0.5
2.2
k.l
6.8
8.8
11.7
14.5
17.5
20.3
23.0
25.2
27.2
29.0
30.7
0°
59.0
0.7
2.5
l.r,
6.7
9.2
12.0
15.0
18.0
20.8
23.3
27.5
29.3
31.0
L.= 190°4> = 400
58.7
0.3
2.0
8.8
6.0
8.2
10.5
13.0
15.7
18.2
21; . s
28.7
10.8
30°
58.5
0.2
2.0
8.8
6.0
8.2
10.7
13.3
16.2
18.8
21.3
23.7
25.8
27.7
29.5
20°
58.5
0.2
1.8
8.8
5.8
8.2
10.8
13.7
16.7
19.3
22.0
2 1 . :<
26.8
28.2
30 0
10°
58.7
0.3
2.0
t.O
6.2
8.5
11.3
H.2
17.2
20.0
22.7
25.0
27.0
28.8
30.5
0°
59.0
0.7
2.3
4.3
6.5
9.0
11.8
14.8
17.8
23.2
25 . 5
27.5
29.3
31.0
L. = 200° <f> = 40°
59.8
1.7
S.I
5.5
7.7
10.0
12.5
15.0
17.7
20.0
22.3
24.5
2C.3
28.2
30°
59.7
1.5
8.8
5.8
7.7
10.2
12.8
15.7
18.3
20.8
23.2
25.3
27.2
29.0
20°
58.3
0.0
1.7
3.5
5.7
8.0
10.7
13.5
16.3
19.2
21.8
21.2
26.2
28.0
29.8
10°
58.7
0.3
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.5
11.2
14.2
17.2
20.0
22.7
25.0
27.0
88.8
30.7
0°
59.0
0.7
2.3
4.3
6.5
9.0
11.7
14.7
17.8
20.7
23.2
25. 5
27 5
211 . 3
31.0
L. = 210°4> = 40°
59.2
1.0
2.8
4.8
7.0
9.8
11.8
14.5
17.0
19.5
21.8
23.8
25.8
27.7
80°
59.. '»
1.2
8.0
5.0
7.3
9.8
12.5
15.3
18.0
20.7
23.0
25.0
27.0
28.8
20°
59.8
1.5
3.3
5.5
7.8
10.3
13.2
10.2
19.0
21.7
21.0
26.2
28.0
29.8
10°
58.5
0.2
1.8
3.7
5.8
8.2
10.8
13.8
17.0
19.8
22.5
24.8
27.0
28.8
0°
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.2
6.3
8.8
11.5
14.7
17.7
20.5
23.2
31.2
L. = 220° $ = 40°
4
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.3
6.7
9.0
11.5
14.2
16.7
19.2
21.5
23.5
25.5
27.3
30°
59.2
0.8
2.7
4.8
7.2
9.7
12.3
15.2
17.8
20.5
23.8
26.8
28.5
20°
59.5
1.2
3.0
5.2
7.5
10.2
13.0
Ifi.o
L8.S
21.5
27.8
29.5
10°
0.0
1.8
3.7
5.8
8.2
11.0
13.8
17.0
20.0
22.7
25.0
27.0
28.8
30.5
0°
0.5
2.2
4.0
5.8
8.0
10.0
16.2
19.0
.'2.:!
25.0
27.3
11.8
32.8
L. = 230°4> = 40°
58.3
0.2
2.0
4.2
6.3
8.7
11.3
13.8
1 1! 5
18.8
21 .2
23.3
30°
58.8
0.7
2.5
4.7
6.8
9.5
12.2
15.0
17.7
20.3
22.7
21.7
20°
VJ.3
1.0
3.0
5.0
7.5
10.0
13.0
16.0
18.8
21.5
25.8
27.8
10°
59.8
1.7
3.5
5.7
8.0
10.8
13. S
17.0
19.8
24.8
20.8
28.8
30.5
0°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.3
8.7
11.5
14.5
17.7
20.7
2:1.2
27.7
29.5
31.2
142
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE D.
A + li.
260°
270°
280°
290°
300°
310°
320°
1530°
340*
350°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°
100°
L. = 240°<£=40°
58.2
0.0
1.8
4.0
6.2
8.7
11.3
13.8
16.5
18.8
21.2
23.2
25.0
30°
58.8
0.5
2.5
4.7
7.0
9.5
12.3
15.2
17.8
20.3
22.7
24.8
26.7
20°
59.2
1.0
2.8
5.0
7.5
10.2
13.0
16.0
19.0
21.5
23.8
25.8
27.7
10°
0.0
1.8
3.7
5.7
8.2
11.0
U.O
17.2
20.2
22.7
25.0
27.0
28.8
30.5
0°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.3
•
8.7
11.5
14.7
17.8
20.8
23.3
25.7
27.7
29.5
31.2
L. = 250°4>=-40°
59.8
1.8
4.0
6.1!
8.8
11.3
14.0
16.5
18.8
21.2
23.2
25.0
30°
58.7
0.3
2.3
4.5
7.0
9.5
12.3
15.2
17.8
20.3
22.7
24.7
26.5
20°
59.2
0.8
2.8
5.0
7.5
10.2
13.2
16.3
19.0
21.5
23.8
25.8
27.7
10°
59.8
1.5
3.5
5.7
8.2
11.0
14.2
17.3
20.2
22.7
25.0
27.0
28.8
0°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.3
8.8
11.7
14.8
18.0
21.0
23.5
25.8
27.8
29.5
31.2
L. = 260° <J> = 40°
58.2
0.0
2.0
4.2
6.5
9.0
11.7
14.3
16.8
19.2
21.2
23.2
30°
58.8
0.7
2.7
4.8
7.3
10.0
12.8
15.7
18.3
20.7
22.8
24.8
26.7
20°
59.2
1.0
3.0
5.3
7.8
10.7
13.7
16.7
19.3
21.8
24.0
26.0
27.8
10°
59.8
1.7
3.7
5.8
8.5
11.3
14.5
17.5
20.3
22.8
25.2
27.2
28.8
0°
58.8
0.3
2.2
4.2
6.5
9.0
11.8
1 .') . 0
18.2
21.2
23.7
25.8
27.8
29.7
31.2
L. = 270°4> = 40°
58.2
0.0
.2.2
4.3
6.7
9.3
12.0
14.5
17.0
19.3
21.3
23.3
30°
58.8
0.7
2.8
5.0
7.5
10.3
13.2
15.8
18.5
20.8
23.0
24.8
26.7
20°
59.3
1.2
3.3
5.7
8.2
11.0
14.0
17.0
19.7
22.0
24.3
26.2
28.0
10°
58.2
0.0
1.8
3.8
6.0
8.7
11.7
14.8
17.8
20.7
23.0
25.2
27.2
28.8
0°
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.3
6.5
9.2
12.2
15.3
18.5
21.3
23.7
25.8
27.8
29.5
31.2
L. = 280°<f> = 40°
58.7
0.7
2.7
5.0
7.5
10.0
12.7
15.2
17.5
19.8
21.8
23.7
30°
59.2
1.2
3.3
5.7
8.2
11.0
13.8
16.5
19.0
21.3
23.3
25.2
27.0
20°
59.5
1.5
3.5
6.0
8.5
11.5
14.5
17.3
20.0
22.3
24.3
26.3
28.0
10°
58.3
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.3
9.0
12.0
15.2
18.2
20.8
23.2
25.3
27.2
29.0
0°
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.5
6.8
9.5
12.5
15.7
18.7
21.5
23.8
25.8
27 8
29.5
31.2
L. = 290°<J>=40°
59.3
1.3
3.3
5.5
8.0
10.8
13.3
15.8
18.0
20.3
22.3
24.0
30°
59.5
1.5
3.7
6.0
8.7
11.3
14.2
16.8
19.3
21.5
23.5
25.3
27.0
20°
59.7
1.7
3.8
6.3
8.8
11.8
14.8
17.7
20.2
22.5
24.5
26.3
28.0
10°
58.5
0.2
2.2
4.2
6.7
9.3
12.3
15.5
18.3
21.0
23.3
25.3
27.2
28.8
0°
58.8
0.7
2.5
4.5
6.8
9.5
12.7
15.8
18.8
21.3
23.8
25.8
27.8
29.5
31.0
L. = 300°4> = 40°
59.7
1.8
4.0
6.3
8.8
11.3
13.8
16.3
18.7
20.7
22.7
24.5
30°
58.2
0.0
2.0
4.2
6.7
9.3
12.0
14.8
17.3
19.8
22.0
24.0
25.8
27.5
20°
58 3
0 2
•?. 9.
4 3
6 7
9 5
1' R
15 9
18 0
20 5
99 7
94 7
»fi 5
g8 2
10°
58 7
0 5
9, 5
4 7
7 0
9 8
19 7
15 8
18 7
21 2
9R 5
?T 5
97 3
99 o
0°
59.0
0.7
2.7
4.7
7.2
9.8
12.8
15.8
18.8
21.5
23.8
25.8
27.7
29.3
31.0
L. = 310°<J>=40°
58.5
0.3
2.3
4.7
7.0
9.3
12.0
14.5
16.8
19.2
21.2
23.2
25.0
30°
58.7
0.5
2.5
4.7
7.2
9.8
12.5
15.2
17.7
20.2
22.2
24.2
26.0
27.7
20°
58.7
0.5
2.5
4.8
7.2
9.8
12.7
15.7
18.3
20.7
23.0
25.0
26.7
28.3
10°
58.8
0.7
2.7
4.8
7.3
10.0
13.0
15.8
18.7
21.2
23.5
25.5
27.3
29.0
30.5
0°
59.0
0.8
2.7
4.8
7.5
10.0
13.0
16.0
18.8
21.3
23.7
25.7
27.7
29.3
30.8
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE D.
A + f*.
•ii ;o
270°
280°
290°
300°
310°
320°
:wo°
:uo°
:m°
0°
10'
20°
IMP
10°
50°
*JO°
70°
«0°
90°
100°
L. = 320° 4. =40°
59.2
1.2
3.2
5.8
7.7
10.2
18.7
17.-.
19.7
21.8
25.5
27.2
30°
1.0
3.0
:, . :(
7.7
10.3
18.2
20.5
22.5
U.I
28.0
20°
59.0
0.8
2.8
5.0
7.5
10.2
13.2
20.8
23.2
If. (
2I1.K
10°
59.2
1.0
2.8
5.0
7.5
10.2
13.2
lfi.0
18.8
21.3
23.7
25 . 7
27.5
29.2
30.7
0°
59.2
0.8
2.8
7.3
10.0
18.1
21.3
23.7
25 . 7
27.5
30.8
L. = 330°4> = 40°
59.8
1.8
3.8
8.1
8.3
10.7
18.2
1 .V 7
18. (
20.3
22.3
21.2
26.0
27.8
30°
59.7
1.5
3 . 5
5 7
8.2
lit. 7
13.3
16.0
18.5
20.8
23.0
26.7
28.3
20°
1.3
8.8
r. .'I
7.8
in r,
13.3
16.2
18.8
21.2
23.3
25.3
27.2
28.8
10°
.V.) :i
1.0
:<, 0
5.2
7.:.
10.2
13.0
16.0
18.7
23.5
25.5
27.3
29.0
0°
59.3
1.0
5.0
7.8
10.0
12.8
15.8
18.5
21.2
23.5
25 .5
27.3
29.0
L. = 340°4> = 40°
19. 0
0.7
2.8
I.I
6.7
9.0
11.5
13.8
16.3
18.7
21.0
23.0
26.8
28.5
30°
58.3
0.2
2.0
4.0
6.2
8.6
11.0
13.7
16.2
18.7
21.2
23.2
25.2
28.7
20°
•V.l.s
1.7
3.5
5.7
8.0
10.7
13.3
1C. 2
21.3
23.5
25 5
27.3
10°
59.5
1.3
3.2
5.3
7.7
10.3
13.2
16.0
18.7
21.3
23.7
27.5
30.8
0°
59.3
1.0
2.8
5.0
7.3
9.8
12.7
15.5
18.3
21.0
25 . 3
27.3
29.0
30.7
L. = 380°4> = 40°
59.5
i. a
3.2
5.0
7.2
9.5
11.8
14.3
Ifi.s
19.2
21.3
23.5
25.5
27.3
29.0
tO. 7
30°
59.0
0.7
2.5
4.5
6.7
8.8
11.3
14.0
16.7
19.2
2 1 . .1
23.7
27.5
29.2
30.8
20°
58.8
0.0
1.8
3.7
5.8
8.2
10.7
13.5
1(1.2
18.8
21.3
23.5
29.2
30.8
10°
59.7
1.8
8J
5.3
7.7
10.2
13.0
15.8
18.5
21.0
23.3
25.5
27.3
29.2
30.8
0°
59.3
1.0
2.8
5.0
7.2
9.7
12.5
15.3
18.2
20.7
23.2
25.3
27.2
29.0
30.7
L. = 360° 4> = 40°
58.3
0.0
1.7
3.5
5.5
7.7
9.8
12.2
14.7
17.2
19.5
21.8
23.8
25.8
27.8
M.I
31.2
30°
59.3
1.0
2.8
4.7
6.8
9.2
11.5
14.2
16.8
19.3
21.7
23.8
2i;.o
27.8
211.7
31.3
20°
58.7
0.3
2.2
4.0
6.0
8.3
10.8
13.5
16.3
19.0
21.5
23.8
25.8
27.7
29.5
31.2
10°
59.8
1.5
30
. O
5.3
7.7
10.2
12.8
15.7
18.5
21.0
23.5
25.7
27.5
29.3
31.0
0°
59.3
1.0
2.8
1.8
7.0
9.5
12.2
15.0
17.8
20.5
23.0
25.2
27.2
29.0
30.7
L. = 400°$ = 400
59 . 2
0.8
2.7
4.7
6.7
8.8
11.3
13.8
16.3
18.8
21.3
23.5
25.5
27.5
29.2
W.8
30°
•
58.7
0.2
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.2
10.7
13.5
16.2
18.8
21.3
23.7
25.S
27.7
2'.l . :,
31.2
20°
59.7
1.5
3.3
5.3
7.5
10.2
13.0
15.8
18.7
21.3
23.7
25.8
27.8
29.5
51.2
10°
59.3
1.0
2.8
4.8
7.0
9.7
12.5
15.5
L8.8
21.2
23.7
Z5.8
27.*
29.5
31.2
0°
59.0
0.7
2.5
4.5
6.7
9.2
12.0
15.0
18.0
20.*
23.3
25.5
27.5
29.3
n.o
L. = 410°4> = 40°
59.7
1.3
3.2
5.0
7.0
9.3
11.7
14.2
16.7
19.3
21.7
24.0
26.0
27.8
29.7
31.3
30°
59 . 5
0.5
2.3
4.2
6.2
8.5
10.8
13.5
16.3
19.0
21.7
24.0
26.0
28.0
29.8
31.5
2(1°
0.0
1.7
3.5
5 . .",
7.8
10.3
13.2
16.0
18.8
21.5
24.0
26.2
29.8
31.5
10°
59.5
1.2
2.8
4.8
7.2
9.7
12.5
15.5
S.5
21.2
23.7
26. n
27.8
29.7
31.8
0°
59.0
0.7
2.3
4.3
6.5
9.0
11.8
14.8
17.8
20.7
23.2
25.5
27.5
29.3
31.0
L. = 420°4> = 40°
58.7
0.2
1.8
3.5
5.5
7.5
9.7
12.0
14.3
16.8
!»..-,
22.0
21.3
26.3
28.3
30.2
31.8
33.5
30°
59.5
1.0
2.7
4.7
6.7
8.8
11.3
13.S
16.7
19.3
w.o
24.3
26.5
28.5
32.0
20°
58.7
0.2
1.8
3.7
5.7
7.8
10.3
13.0
16.0
18.8
21.7
24.0
26.3
28.3
31.7
10°
59.3
1.0
2.8
4.8
7.0
9.5
12.:!
15.3
18.3
21.2
23.7
25.8
27.8
29.7
31.3
0°
59.0
0.7
2.3
4.3
6.5
9.0
11.7
14.7
17.8
20.7
25.5
27.5
29.3
31.0
144
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE D.
A + K-
260°
270°
280°
290°
300°
310°
320°
330°
340°
350°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°
100°
L. = 430°<J>=40°
59.2
0.7
2.3
4.2
6.0
8.0
10.2
12.5
15.0
17.5
20.2
22.5
24.8
27.0
29.0
30.8
32.5
34.2
30°
59.7
1.2
3.0
4.8
6.8
9.0
11.3
14.0
16.8
19.5
22.2
24.7
26.8
28.8
30.5
32.2
33.8
20°
58.7
0.2
1.8
3.7
5.7
7.8
10.3
13.0
16.0
18.8
21.7
24.2
JO. 3
28.3
30.2
31.8
10°
59 5
1 °
ft 0
4 8
7.0
1 fi
1" S
15 8
18 3
9] 9
'S R
~>f< 0
28 0
29 8
SI 5
0°
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.2
6.3
8.8
11.5
14.7
17.7
20.5
Z3.2
25.5
27.5
2.9.3
31.2
L. = 440°4>=40°
59 5
1 0
9. 7
4 3
fi 3
8 3
10 8
1" 8
15 3
17 8
7.0 5
99 8
95 9
9,7 a
99 3
SI '
19 8
S4 5
30°
59.8
1.5
3.2
5.0
7.0
9.0
11.5
14.2
17.0
19.8
22.5
24.8
27.0
29.0
30.8
32.5
34.2
20°
59.0
0.5
2.2
3.8
5.8
8.0
10.5
13.2
16.2
19.2
22.0
24.5
26.7
28.7
30.5
32.2
10°
59.5
1.2
2.8
4.8
7.0
9.3
12.2
15.2
18.3
21.2
23.8
26.0
28.0
29.8
31.5
0°
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.2
6.3
8.7
11.5
14.5
17.7
20.7
28.3
25.5
27.7
29.5
31.2
L. = 450°4>=40°
59.8
1.8
3.0
4.7
6.5
8.5
10.7
13.0
15.5
18.2
20.7
23.2
25.5
27.7
29.7
31.5
33.3
34.8
36.3
30°
58 7
0 0
1 7
R 8
5 9.
7 9
9 8
11 7
14 8
17 ?>
9.0 0
"9 7
"i 0
97 3
9q R
SI 9
S9 a
U 3
20°
59.0
0.5
2.2
4.0
5.8
8.2
10.5
13.8
16.2
19.2
22.0
24.5
26.8
28.8
30.7
S2.3
33.8
10°
59.5
1.2
3.0
4.8
7.0
9.5
12.3
15.3
18.3
21.3
23.8
26.2
28.2
30.0
31.7
0°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.3
8.7
11.5
14.5
17.7
20.7
23.2
25.7
27.7
29.5
31.2
L. = 460°4>=40°
58.7
0.0
1.5
3.2
4.8
6.7
8.7
10.8
13.2
15.7
18.3
21.0
23.5
25.8
28.0
30.0
31.8
33.5
35.2
36.7
30°
58.7
0.0
1.7
3.3
5.2
7.2
9.3
11.7
14.3
17.2
20.0
22.7
25.2
27.3
29.3
31.2
32.8
34.5
20°
59.0
0.5
2.2
4.0
6.0
8.2
10.7
13.3
16.3
19.3
22.2
24.7
27.0
29.0
30.8
32.5
34.0
10°
59.5
1.2
2.8
4.8
7.0
9.5
12.2
15.3
18.5
21.3
24.0
26.2
28.2
30.0
31.7
0°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.3
8.7
11.5
14.7
17.8
20.8
23.3
25.7
27.7
29.5
31.2
L. = 470°(f> = 40°
58.7
0.2
1.7
3.3
5.0
fi.8
8.8
11.0
13.3
15.8
18.3
21.0
23.5
26.0
28.2
30.2
32.0
33.7
35.3
36.8
30°
58.8
0.3
1.8
3.5
5.3
7.3
9.5
11.8
14.5
17.3
20.2
22.8
25.3
27.5
29.5
31.3
33.0
34.7
36.2
20°
59.2
0.7
2.3
4.0
6.0
8.3
10.7
13.5
16.5
19.5
22.3
24.8
27.0
29.0
30.8
32.5
34.0
10°
59.5
1.2
3.0
5.0
7.2
9.7
12.5
15.7
18.7
21.7
24.2
26.3
28.5
30.2
31.8
0°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.3
8.8
11.7
14.8
18.0
21.0
23.5
25.8
27.8
29.5
31.2
L. = 480° $ = 40°
58.7
0.2
1.7
3.2
5.0
6.8
8.8
11.0
13.3
15.8
18.5
21.0
23.7
26.0
28.2
30.0
31.8
33.7
35.2
36.7
38.2
30°
58.7
0.0
1.7
3.3
5.2
7.2
9.3
11.8
14.5
17.3
20.2
22.8
25.2
27.5
29.5
31.2
33.0
34.5
36.0
20°
59.0
0.5
2.2
4.0
6.0
8.2
10.7
13.5
16.5
19.5
22.3
24.8
27.0
29.0
30.8
32.5
34.0
10°
59.5
1.2
3.0
5.0
7.2
9.7
12.7
15.7
18.8
21.8
24.2
26.3
28.3
30.2
31.8
0°
58.8
0.3
2.2
4.2
6.5
9.0
11.8
15.0
18.2
21.2
23.7
25.8
27.8
29.7
31.2
L. = 490° <}i=40°
58.7
0.2
1.7
3.2
5.0
6.8
8.8
11.0
13.3
15.8
18.5
21.0
23.5
25.8
28.0
30.0
31.8
33.5
35.2
36.7
38.2
30°
58.7
0.2
1.5
3.3
5.2
7.2
9.5
11.8
14.7
17.5
20.2
22.8
25.3
27.5
29.5
31.2
32.8
34.5
36.0
20°
58.8
0.3
2.2
3.8
6.0
8.2
10.8
13.5
16.5
19.5
22.3
24.8
27.0
28.8
30.7
32.3
33.8
10°
59.5
1.2
3.0
5.0
7.2
9.8
12.7
15.8
19.0
21.7
24.2
26.3
28.3
30.2
31.7
0°
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.3
6.5
9.2
12.2
15.3
18.5
21.3
23.7
25.8
27.8
29.5
31.2
L. — 500° $ — 40°
59.7
1.8
2.8
4.7
6.5
8.5
10.7
13.0
15.5
18.0
20.7
23.2
25.5
27.7
29.7
31.5
33.2
34.8
36.3
37.7
30°
59.8
1.3
3.2
5.0
7.0
9.2
11.7
14.3
17.2
20.0
22.7
25.0
27.2
29.2
30.8
32.5
34.2
35.5
20°
58.8
0.3
2.0
3.8
6.0
8.2
10.8
13.7
16.7
19.5
22.3
24.7
26.8
28.7
30.5
32.2
33.7
10°
59.3
1.2
3.0
5.0
7.3
10.0
12.8
16.0
19.0
21.8
24.2
26.3
28.3
30.0
31.7
0°
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.5
6.8
9.5
12.5
15.7
18.7
21.5
23.8
25.8
27.8
29.5
31.2
ECLjrsf>:s <>/' TIII: .sv .v IN INDIA.
T.\ I5U<; I).
.MS
A + p.
200°
270°
280°
290°
too
3100
m
m
340°
860
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
7(1"
UK)
L. = 510°*=40°
1.0
2.5
43
0.-'
10.3
12.7
15.2
17.8
20.3
88.1
27.3
29.2
31.0
32 7
34.3
36.0
30°
1.3
3.0
4.8
6.8
9.2
11.7
14.3
17.0
21) (
21.S
27.0
28.8
30.7
0.3
8.0
5.8
10.8
13.7
lo.r
19.5
20.7
28.7
30.:
1.2
3.0
5.2
7.5
10.0
13. (
10.2
19.0
218
26.2
28.2
2U . S
31 .:
0°
0.7
2.5
4.5
6.8
9.5
12.7
15. S
18.8
21.3
23.8
27.8
29. r
Ml n
II -,
9, ?,
3 S
9 8
1 . 7
IT '!
1<) 8
•'6 7
9,8 7
30 5
S? ?
0.8
•2 . 5
1.5
6.5
8.7
11.2
13. H
19.3
21.8
84.1
20°
5S.: 5
0.2
1.8
3.8
5.7
8.0
10.7
18.8
16.3
19.2
21.8
24.2
28.2
30.0
33.2
10°
60.8
L.O
5.0
7.3
10.0
18. (
16.0
18.8
21.5
23.8
86.1
27.8
29.7
0°
:,'.). (i
0.7
4.7
7.2
9.8
18.8
25.8
27.7
29.3
31.0
n n
1 7
•( •;
7 3
9 3
11 7
1 1 •'
10 T
19 2
21.7
26.2
28.0
29.8
31.7
34.8
59.0
0.7
2.3
4.2
6.3
11.0
13.5
16.8
19.0
21.5
23.8
28.0
211 s
31.5
33.1
34.5
59.8
1.7
3 . 5
7.8
10.3
13.2
\<; (
21.5
26.0
27.8
31.3
10°
511 . 3
1.0
3.0
5.2
7.3
10.0
13. (
18. (
18.8
21.5
23. s
85.8
27.7
31.0
0°
59.0
0.8
2.7
4.8
7.5
10.0
13.0
10.0
18.8
21.3
23.7
25.7
27.7
29.3
30.8
.10° $ = 40°
59.5
1.2
2.8
1.1
6.7
13.5
16.0
18.5
20.8
23.2
27.3
2'.). 2
30.8
32.5
34.0
35.5
30°
58.7
(1.3
2.0
3.8
5.8
10.5
13.0
15.7
18.3
21.0
23.3
29.2
30.8
32.5
34.0
20°
511 S
1.5
3.3
5.3
7.7
10.2
12.8
15.7
18.5
21.2
23.5
25 7
29.3
31.0
32.5
10°
VI . 2
1.0
2.8
l.g
7.2
9.8
18.7
15.7
18.5
23 . r
25 .:
87.«
30.8
0°
59 •'
(I s
•' 8
4 8
7 3
Id 0
!•> 8
10 (1
Is 7
•'1 3
'7 '
•10 s
L. = 550° 4> = 40°
59.0
0.7
8.8
1.0
6.0
8.2
10.8
18.8
17.7
24.7
20 . 7
10 . 2
31.8
30°
58.3
0.0
1.7
3 . 5
7.7
10.0
12.5
15.2
17. s
-'2.7
21. H
M.a
28.7
10.8
12.1
20°
59 . 5
1.2
3.0
5.0
7.2
9.7
12.3
15.2
18.0
27.0
28.8
10°
59.3
1.0
2.8
4.8
7.2
9.8
12.5
15.5
18.3
20.8
23 . 2
25.3
27.2
29.0
30.7
12.2
0°
59.8
1.0
2.8
5.0
7.3
10.0
12. s
15. S
18.5
21.2
23.5
27.3
29.0
30.7
L. = 560° 4> = 40°
58.2
59.8
1.5
3.3
5.3
7.3
9.5
11.8
14.3
16.8
19.2
21.5
23.7
27.7
29.5
31.2
32.7
30°
59.5
1.3
3.0
6.0
7.2
9.5
12.0
14.5
17.2
1H.7
22.0
24.3
28.2
30.0
31.7
33.2
20°
59.3
1.0
2.8
4.8
7.0
9.3
12.0
14.7
17.5
20.2
84.7
26.7
28.5
SO. 3
31.8
10°
59.2
0.8
2.7
4.7
7.0
9.5
12.2
15.0
17.8
20.5
22.8
25.0
27.0
28.8
10.5
0°
59.3
1.0
2.8
5.0
7.3
9.8
12.7
15.5
18.3
21.0
23.3
25.3
27.8
29.0
30.7
L. = 570° $=40°
59.3
1.0
2.8
4.7
6.7
8.8
11.2
13.7
16.0
18.5
20.8
23.11
25.0
27.0
2S.s
JO. 8
32.0
311 '
59.2
0.8
8.5
4.5
6.5
8.8
11.3
I3.s
19.0
21.3
27.7
81.0
20°
59.2
0.8
2.7
4.7
6.7
9.0
11.7
14.3
17.0
19.7
22.2
24.3
26.3
28.3
30.0
31.7
10°
59.2
0.8
2.7
4.7
6.8
9.3
12.0
14.8
17.7
20.3
22.7
24.8
26.8
28.7
ill. 3
32.0
0°
59.8
1.0
2.8
5.0
7.2
9.7
12.5
15.3
is. 2
23.2
25 . 3
29.0
30.7
L. = 580°<f,=40°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.2
(i . 2
8.2
10.5
12.8
15.3
17.8
20 . 2
22.3
24.5
26.5
28.3
30.0
31.7
30°
58.7
0.3
2.2
4.0
6.2
8.3
10.7
13.2
15.8
18.5
20.8
23.2
25.8
27.2
29.0
30.7
20°
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.2
6.2
8.5
11.0
13.7
10.5
19.2
21.7
26.0
27.8
31.3
10°
0.7
2 . 5
4.3
6.5
9.0
11.5
14.3
17.2
19.8
22.3
24.7
30.2
0°
51) . 3
1.0
2.8
7.0
9.5
12.2
15.0
17.8
20.5
23.0
25.2
30.7
J46
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE D. •
A + p.
260°
270°
280°
290°
300°
310°
320°
330°
340°
350°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
B0°
70°
80°
90°
100°
L. = 590° £=40°
30°
58.3
58 5
0.0
0 9
1.7
1 8
3.5
3 7
5.5
5 7
7.7
7 8
9.8
10 9
12.2
19. 7
14.7
15 3
17.2
18 0
19.5
•'II -
21.8
••>•> 7
24.0
?4 8
25.8
?fi 8
27.8
9.8 7
29.5
SO 3
OQO
58.5
0.2
1.8
3.7
5.8
8.(
10.5
13.2
L5.8
18.7
21.2
23.5
25.7
27.5
29.3
31.0
10°
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.2
6.3
8.7
11.2
13.8
16.7
19.5
22.0
24.3
26.5
28.3
30.0
0°
59 3
1 0
2 8
4 7
fi 8
') '<
11 R
14 7
17 5
",0 3
9.?. 7
25.0
27.2
29.0
30.7
L. = 600° $ = 40°
59.5
1.2
3.0
5.0
7.0
9.3
11.7
14.2
16.5
19.0
21.3
23.5
25.5
27.3
2 '.1.0
30°
59.7
1.3
3.2
5.2
7.2
'.1.7
12.2
14.7
17.3
19.8
22.2
24.3
26.3
28.2
30.0
20°
58.3
0.0
1.7
3.5
5.5
7.7
10.;!
12.8
15.7
18.3
21.0
23.3
25.5
27.3
29.2
10°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.0
6.0
8.3
11.0
13.7
16.5
19.3
22.0
24.3
26.5
28.3
30.2
0°
59.3
1.0
2.7
4.7
6.7
9.0
11.7
14.5
17.3
20.2
22.7
25.0
27.2
29.0
30.7
L. = 610°4> = 40°
58.8
0.7
2.5
4.3
6.3
8.7
11.0
13.5
16.0
18.3
20.7
22.8
24.8
26.8
30°
59.3
1.0
2.8
4.7
6.8
9.2
11.7
14.3
17.0
19.5
22.0
24.2
26.2
28.0
20°
59.8
1.5
3.3
5.3
7.5
9.8
12.5
15.3
18.2
20.8
23.2
25.3
27.3
29.2
10°
58.7
0.3
2.0
3.8
5.8
8.2
10.7
13.3
16.3
19.2
21.8
24.2
26.3
28.3
30.0
0°
59.3
1.0
2.7
4.5
6.5
8.8
11.5
14.2
17.2
20.0
22.7
25.0
27.2
29.0
30.7
'L. = 620°<|>=400
58.5
0.2
2.0
3.8
6.0
8.2
10.5
13.0
15.5
18.0
20.3
22.5
24.5
26.5
30°
59.0
0.7
2.5
4.5
6.5
8.8
11.3
14.0
16.7
19.3
21.7
24.0
26.0
27.8
20°
59.5
1.2
3.0
4.8
7.2
9.5
12.2
14.8
17.8
20.5
23.0
25.2
27.2
29.0
10°
58.7
0.2
1.8
3.7
5.7
8.0
10.5
13.3
16.2
19.2
21.8
24.3
26.5
28.3
30.2
0°
59.2
0.8
2.5
4.3
6.3
8.7
11.3
14.0
17.2
20.0
22.7
25.2
27.2
29.2
30.8
L. = 630°<f>= 40°
59.7
1.5
3.5
5.5
7.8
10.2
12.7
15.3
17.7
20.0
22.3
24.3
26.2
30°
58.7
0.3
2.2
4.2
6.2
8.7
11.2
13.8
16.5
19.2
21.7
23.8
25.8
27.7
20°
59.3
1.0
2.7
4.7
7.0
9.3
12.0
15.0
17.8
20.5
22.8
25.2
27.2
29.0
10°
58.5
0.0
1.7
3.5
5.5
7.8
10.3
13.2
16.0
19.0
21.7
24.2
26.3
28.3
30.2
0°
59.2
0.7
2.3
4.3
6.3
8.7
11.2
14.0
17.0
20.0
22.5
25.2
27.3
29.2
31.0
L. = 640°4> = 40°
59.5
1.8
3.3
5.3
7.7
10.2
12.7
15.2
17.7
20.0
22.2
24.3
30°
58.5
0.2
2.0
4.0
6.2
8.7
11.2
14.0
16.7
19.3
21.8
24.0
26.0
27.8
20°
59.2
0.8
2.7
4.7
6.8
9.3
12.2
15.0
17.8
20.7
23.0
25.2
27.2
29.0
10°
0.0
1.7
3.5
5.5
7.8
10.3
13.2
16.3
19.2
22.0
24.3
26.5
28.5
30.3
0°
59.0
0.7
2.3
4.2
6.2
8.5
11.2
14.2
17.2
20.2
22.8
25.3
27.3
29.3
31.0
L. = 650° 4 = 40°
59.3
1.2
3.2
5.3
7.7
10.2
12.7
15.3
17.8
20.2
22.2
24.2
30°
58.3
0.0
1.8
3.8
6.0
8.5
11.2
14.0
16.7
19.3
21.7
23.8
25.8
20°
59 . 0
0.7
2.5
4.5
6.8
9.3
12.2
15.2
18.2
20.7
23.2
25.3
27.3
10°
59.8
1.5
3.3
5.3
7.7
10.3
13.2
16.3
19.3
22.0
24.5
26.5
28.5
30.2
0°
59.0
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.2
8.7
11.2
14.2
17.3
20.5
23.2
25.5
27.5
29.3
31.2
L. = 660°<f> = 40°
59.3
1.2
3.2
5.5
7.8
10.3
13.0
15.5
18.0
20.3
22.3
24.3
30°
58.3
0.2
2.0
4.0
6.3
8.8
11.5
14.3
17.2
19.7
22.0
24.2
26.2
20°
59.0
0.7
2.7
4.7
7.0
9.7
12.5
15.5
18.5
21.0
23.5
25.5
27.5
10°
59.7
1.5
3.3
6.5
7.8
10.5
13.5
16.7
19.7
22.3
24.7
26.7
28.7
30.3
0°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.3
8.5
11.3
14.3
17.5
20.5
23.2
25.5
27.7
29.5
31.2
/• .(7 Jl'SKS OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TA IJLE D.
'47
A + ,4.
260°
270°
280°
290°
300°
310°
::-20
;oo°
340°
350°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°
100°
L. = 670°4> = 40°
59.3
i,a
3 3
6.7
10.7
13.:)
1C, H
22."
24.5
30°
2.0
4.2
9.3
11.8
1 1.7
17.5
20 . 0
22.2
24.3
20.2
20°
59.0
0.8
2.7
5.0
73
10.0
13.0
10.0
L8.8
21.3
23 . 7
27.7
10°
59.8
1.5
8.6
5.7
8.0
10.8
1 3 . H
17.0
20.0
2 l.S
2H.7
30.5
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.3
8.7
ll.r,
14.7
17. »
25.7
27.7
29.5
31.2
L. = 680°<J>=r40°
59.8
l.s
3.8
fi.2
8.7
11.3
14.0
18.8
18.8
21.0
30°
58.7
0.5
2.5
4.7
7.0
9.7
12.5
15.3
1S.O
20.5
22.7
24.7
20°
59.2
1.0
3.0
5 . -2
7.7
L0.8
13.3
1C,. 3
19.2
21.7
211.0
10°
59.8
1.6
3.5
5.8
8.3
11.2
14.2
17.3
20.2
25.0
27.0
0°
58.8
0.3
8.3
4.8
6.3
8.8
11.8
15.0
21.0
23..")
25 S
29.7
31.2
L. = 690°4> = 40°
58.3
0.2
2.2
4.5
6.8
'.) 3
12.0
14.5
17.0
19.8
21.5
23.5
30°
58.8
0.7
2.7
5.0
7.5
10.8
13.0
15.8
18.3
20.8
23.0
20°
59.3
1.2
B.a
5.5
8.0
10.7
13 ^
22.0
84 . 2
2li. 2
87.8
10°
59.8
1.7
3.7
6.0
8.5
11.3
H.5
17.7
23.0
25 . 2
27-2
28.8
0°
58.8
0.5
2.2
4.2
6.5
9.0
12.0
15.2
18.3
21.2
23.7
25. S
27.8
80.8
31.2
L. = 700°<f> =40°
59.0
0.8
2.8
5.2
7.5
10.2
12.7
L6.8
17.8
20.0
22.2
24.0
26.8
30°
59.3
1.2
8.8
5.7
8.2
13.7
16.5
19.0
21.3
23.5
25.5
20°
59.7
1.5
8.6
5.8
8.3
LI. a
14.3
17.2
19. s
24.6
26.3
28.2
10°
58.5
0.2
2.0
1.0
6.3
8.8
11.8
16.0
18.0
20.8
23.3
26.8
27.2
29.0
0°
58.8
0.5
2.3
1.3
6.7
9.2
12.2
15.3
18.5
21.3
23.7
25.8
27.8
29.5
31.2
L. = 710°$=40°
59 . 5
1.3
8.6
5.8
8.2
10.8
18.8
16.0
18.3
20.8
22.7
M.8
30°
59.7
1.7
8.7
6.0
8.7
11.3
14.2
16.8
19.5
21.7
23. S
25.7
27.5
20°
59.8
1.8
8.8
6.2
8.8
11.7
14.7
17.7
20.2
24.7
2fi.7
28.3
10°
58.5
0.2
2.2
4.2
6.5
9.2
12 0
15.2
18.2
21.0
23.3
27.3
0°
58.8
0.5
2.3
4.3
6.8
9.3
12.3
I5.r,
18.5
21.8
23.7
25.8
27.8
29 5
L. = 720°<)>=400
58.3
0.2
2.2
1.2
6.5
9.0
11.5
14.2
16.7
19.0
21.3
23.3
86.2
28.8
30°
58.5
0.2
8.2
t.2
6.5
9.2
11.8
14.7
17.3
19.8
26.2
27.8
20°
58.5
0.2
2.0
4.1
6.5
9.2
12.0
15.0
17.8
20.5
22.8
25.0
26.8
28.5
10°
58.8
0.5
2.8
4.8
6.7
9.3
12.3
1 5 . 5
18.3
21.2
23.5
25.7
27.5
29.3
0°
58.8
0.5
2.8
4.5
6.7
9.3
12.3
1 5 . 5
18.5
21.3
23.7
27.7
29.5
81.2
L. = 730°(J>=40°
59.0
0.8
2.S
4.8
7.2
9.7
12.2
14.8
17.3
19.7
21.8
28.8
25.7
27.5
30°
58.8
0.7
•2.7
4.7
7.0
9.7
12.3
15.2
17.8
20.3
22.7
24.7
26.5
28.3
20°
58.8
0.7
•2 . 5
4.7
7.0
9.7
12.5
1 :> . :,
18.3
20.8
23.2
26.8
27 2
28.8
10°
58.8
0.5
8.8
4.6
6.8
9.5
12.3
1 :, . 5
18.5
21.2
23.5
25.7
27.5
29.2
0°
58.8
0.7
2.8
4.5
6.8
9.5
12.3
15.3
18.5
21.2
23.7
25.8
27.7
31.2
L. = 740°<J>=40°
59.8
1.7
8.8
5.7
8.0
10.3
13.0
15.5
18.0
20.3
22.5
24.5
26.3
28.2
30°
59.3
1.2
3.0
6.2
7.5
10.0
12.7
15.5
18.2
20.7
23.11
25.0
28.7
20°
59.2
1.0
8.8
4.8
7.2
9.8
12.7
15.5
18.3
21.0
23.3
25.5
27.3
29.0
30.7
10°
59.0
0.8
8.7
4.7
7.0
9.7
12.5
1 5 . -->
18.5
21.2
25.7
29.3
31.0
0°
59.0
0.7
2.8
t :,
6.8
9.3
13. S
1 5 3
18.3
21.0
23 5
29.3
148
ECLIPSES OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
TABLE D.
A + p.
260°
270°
280°
290°
300°
310°
320°
330°
310°
350°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
00°
70°
80°
00°
100°
L. = 750° $ = 40°
58.7
0.3
2.2
4.2
6.2
8.5
19.8
13.3
16.0
18.5
20.8
23.0
25.2
27.0
28.7
30.3
30°
59.8
1.7
3.5
5.7
8.0
10.5
13.2
16.0
18.7
21.2
23.3
25.5
27.3
29.2
80.8
20°
51). 3
1.2
3.0
5.0
7.3
10.0
12.7
15.7
18.5
21.2
23.5
25.5
27.5
2!) . '2
30.8
10°
59.2
0.8
2.7
4.7
7.0
9.7
12.5
15.5
18.3
21.2
23.5
25.7
Z7.7
29 . 3
31.0
0°
58.0
0.7
2 5
4.5
6.8
0.8
12.2
15.2
18.2
21.0
23.5
25.7
27.7
29.3
31.0
L. = 71)0° 4, =40°
59.2
0.8
2.7
4.7
6.7
8.8
11.3
13.8
16.3
18.8
21.3
23.5
25.G
•-'7 . 5
29.2
30.8
30°
58.7
0.2
2.0
1.0
6.0
8.2
10.7
13.5
16.2
18.8
21.3
23.7
25.8
27.7
29 . 5
31.2
20°
59.7
1.5
3.3
5.:!
7.5
10.2
13.0
15.8
18.7
21.3
23.7
25.8
27.8
:.".! :.
31.2
10°
59.3
1.0
2.8
4.8
7.0
9.7
12.5
15.5
18.3
21.2
23.7
25.8
27.8
29.5
31.2
0°
59.0
0.7
8.6
4.5
0.7
9.2
12.0
15.0
18.0
20.8
23.3
25.5
27.5
29.3
31.0
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
.?,\ />. 9.
A better description of the sankrantis may be given thus. The sayana Mesha sarikr.inti, also
called a Vishuva sankranti, marks the vernal equinox, or the moment of the sun's passing the first point
of Aries. The sayana Karka sankranti, three solar months later, is also called the dakshinayana
(southward-going) sankranti. It is the point of the summer solstice, and marks the moment when
the sun turns southward. The sayana Tula sankranti, three solar months later, also called a
Vishuva sankranti, marks the autumnal equinox or the moment of the sun's passing the first point
of Libra. The sayana Makara sankranti, three solar months later still, is also called the uttarayana
(northward-going) sankranti. It is the other solstitial point, the moment when the sun turns north-
ward. The nirayana (or sidereal) Mesha and Tula sankrantis are also called Vishuva sankrantis,
and the nirayana Karka and Makara sankrantis are also, though erroneously, called dakshinuyana
and uttarayana sankrantis.
Art. 90, p. $2.
Line 6. After "we proceed thus" add\ — "The interval of time between the initial point
of the luni-solar year ( Table /., Cols. 19, 20) and the initial point of the solar year by the Surya
Siddhanta (Table I., Cols, ij, 14., and Tja, or ija ') can be easily found.
Line 9. After "Art. 151 " add; — "or according to the process in Example i, Art. 148."
Line 16. After "intercalations and suppressions" add', — We will give an example. In
Professor Chhatre's Table, Karttika is intercalary in Saka 551 expired, A.D. 629 — 30 (see Ind.
Ant., XX I II. p. 106); while in our Table Asvina is the intercalary month for that year. Let
us work for Asvina. First we want the tithi-index (/) for the moments of the Kanya and Tula
sankrantis. In the given year we have (Table I., Col. 19) the initial point of the luni-solar year
at sunrise on 1st March, A.D. 629, (=60), and (Cols, ij, 77) the initial point of the solar year by
the Arya-Siddhanta (= 17 h. 32 m. after sunrise on March igth of the same year). By the Table given
below (p. 151) we find that the initial moment of the solar year by the Sitrya Siddhanta was
15 minutes later than that by the Arya Siddhanta. Thus we have the interval between the initial points
of the luni-solar and solar years, according to the Surya Siddkiinta,^^ 1 8 days, 17 hours, and 47
minutes. Adding this to the collective duration up to the moment of the Kanya and Tula sankrantis
(Table II L, Col. 9), i.e., 156 days, II hours and 52 minutes, and 186 days, 22 hours and 27
minutes respectively, we get 175 days, 5 hours, 39 minutes, and 205 days, 1 6 hours, 14 minutes.
We work for these moments according to the usual rules (Method C, p. 77)-
a. />. c.
For the beginning of the luni-solar year (Table /., Cols. 2j, 24,25) 9994 692 228
For 175 days (Table IV.) .......... 9261 351 479
For 5 hours (Table V.) ........... 71 8 I
For 39 minutes (Do.) ........... 9 i o
9335 52
1 Our a, 6, c, (Table I., Colt. 23, 24, 25J are calculated by tin therefore we give the rule for the
Sitrya Siddhdnta. The time of the Meaha sankrantis by the /ate from A.D. 1101 to 1900 is given in Table I. That
for years from A.D. 300 to 1100 can be obtained from the Table on p. 151.
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
Equation for /; (52) (Table VI.}
Do. for c (708) (Table VII.)
over 9335
1 86
"9
9640
Again
For the beginning of the luni-solar year 9994
For 205 days 9420
For 1 6 hours
For 14 minutes
52 708
Equation for (b)
Do. for (c)
a.
b.
c.
9994
692
228
9420
440
561
226
24
2
3
0
0
9643
156
791
256
119
18
This proves that the moon was waning at the Kanya sankranti, and waxing at the Tula
sankranti, and therefore Asvina was intercalary (see Art. 4.5). This being so, Karttika could not
have been intercalary.
The above constitutes an easy method of working out all the intercalations and suppressions
of months. To still further simplify matters we give a Table shewing the sankrantis whose moments
it is necessary to fix in order to establish these intercalations and suppressions. Equation c is
always the same at the moment of the sankrantis and we give its figure here to save further reference.
Months.
Sankrantis
to be fixed
Equation c.
1.
2.
3.
i . Chaitra
Mina
Mesha
•i
2. Vaisakha
3. Jyeshtha
4. Ashadha
Mesha ....
Vrishabha . . .
Mithuna . . .
Vrishabha . . .
Mithuna ....
Karka
I
IS
42
5. Sravana
Karka
Sirhha
7C
6. Bhadrapada
7. Asvina
Siriiha ....
Kanya ....
Kanya ....
Tula
103
I IQ
8. Karttika
Tula
Vrischika . . .
I IQ
9. Margaslrsha
IO. Pausha
1 1 . Magha
12. Phalguna
Vrischika . . .
Dhanus . . .
Makara ....
Kumbha
Dhanus ....
Makara ....
Kumbha ....
Mina
IO4
78
47
20
Art. 96, Table, p. jf.
Instead of this Table the following may be used. It shews the difference in time between
the Mesha- sankrantis as calculated by the Present Stirya and First Arya Siddhantas, and will
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 151
save the trouble of making any calculation according to the Table in the text. But if great
accuracy is required the latter will yield results correct up to 24 second-;, while the new Table
gives it in minutes.
TABLE
Shewing time -difference in minutes between the moments oftheMesha
sahkranti as calculated by the Present Surya and First Arya Siddhantas.
[The sign — shews that the Mesha sahkranti according to tlte Surya Siddhanta took place before,
the sign + that it took place after, that according to the Arya Siddhanta I.
Years
A.D.
Diff.
in
minutes.
Years
AD.
Diff.
in
minutes.
1
Years
A.D.
Diff.
in
minutes.
Years
A.D.
Diff.
in
minutes.
—
+
+
+
300—8
21
501—9
1
703—11
23
904—12
45
309—17
20
510—19
2
712—20
24
913—21
46
318—27
19
520—28
3
721—29
25
922—80
47
328—36
18
529—37
4
730—38
26
931—39
48
837—45
17
538—46
5
739—47
27
940-48
49
348—54
16
547—55
6
748—56
28
949—58
50
355—63
15
556—64
7
757—66
29
959—67
51
364—72
14
565—73
8
767-75
30
968—76
52
873—81
13
574—83
9
776—84
31
977—85
53
382—91
12
584—92
10
785—93
32
986—94
54
392—400
11
593—601
11
794—802
33
995-1003
55
401—9
10
602—10
12
803-11
34
1004—13
56
410—18
9
611—19
13
812—20
35
1014—22
57
419—27
8
620—28
14
821—30
36
1028—31
58
428—36
7
629—38
15
831—39
37
1032—40
59
437—45
6
689-47
16
840—48
38
1041—49
60
446—55
5
648—56
17
849—57
39
1050—58
61
456—64
4
657-65
18
858—66
40
1059-67
62
465—73
3
666—74
19
867-75
41
1068-77
63
474—82
2
675—83
20
876—84
42
1078—86
64
483—91
1
684—92
21
885—94
43
1087-95
65
492—500
0
693-702
22
895—908
44
1096—1104
66
Art. 102, pp. 56, 57.
From the initial figures for the w. a. b. c. of luni-solar Kali 3402, A.D. 300—1, given
in the first entry in Table I., and the figures given in the Table annexed to this article
'52
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
(which gives the increase in iv. a. b. c. for the different year-lengths) it is easy to calculate
with exactness the initial w. a. b. c. for subsequent luni-solar years. Thus —
(Our entries in Table I.)
w.
a.
b.
c.
w.
a.
b.
c.
For Kali 3402
6
9981 -41
895-17
255-93
6 1
9981
895
256
355 days
5
2I4-34
883-51
971-91
I
For Kali 3403
4
I95-75
778-68
227-84
4
196
779
228
384 days
5
34-66
935-97
5f3i
1
For Kali 3404
3
230-41
714-65
279-15
3
230
7'5
279
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
I
etc.
etc.
etc.
To ascertain how many days there were in each year it is only necessary to use col. 19
of Table I. with Table IX. Kali 3403 began 26th February. Table IX. gives the figure 57 on
left-hand side, and 422 on the right-hand side, the former being entered in our Table I.
But since A.D. 300 was a leap-year we must take, not 422, but 423, as the proper figure.
Kali 3402 began 8th March (68). 423—68 = 355, and this in days was the length of Kali 3402.
Similarly (i7th March) 44 1- (26 February) 57 = 384, and this was the length of Kali 3403 ; and so on.
It may be interesting to note that in every century there are on an average one year of
385 days, four years of 383 days, twenty-three years of 355 days, thirty-two years of 384
days, and forty years of 354 days.
P. 98.
To end of Art. 160, add the following; — " i6o(a). To find the tropical (sayana) as well
as the sidereal (nirayana) sankranti. Find the time of the nirayana sankranti (see Art. 23) required,
by adding to the time of the Mesha sankranti for the year (Table I., Cols, /j to ijd] the collective
duration of the nirayana sankranti as given in col. 5 of Table III., under head " sankrantis." Then,
roughly, the sayana sankranti took place as many ghatikas before or after the nirayana one as
there are years between Saka 445 current, and the year next following or next preceding the
given year, respectively.
" For more accurate purposes, however, the following calculation must be made. Find the
number of years intervening between Saka 445 current, or Saka 422 current in the case of the
Surya Siddhanta, and the given year. Multiply that number by ~, or ~ in the case of the
Surya Siddhanta. Take the product as in ayanamsas, or the amount of precession in degrees.
Multiply the length of the solar month (Art. 24) in which the sayana sankranti occurs (as shewn
in the preceding paragraph) by these ayanamsas and divide by 30. Take the result as days ;
and by so many days will the sayana sankranti take place before or after the nirayana sankranti
of the same name, according as the given year is after or before Saka 445 (or Saka 422). This
will be found sufficiently accurate, though it is liable to a maximum error (in A.D. 1900) of 15
ghatikas. The maximum error by the first rule is one day in A.D. 1900. The smaller the
distance of the given date from Saka 445 (or 422) the smaller will be the error. For absolute
accuracy special Tables would have to be constructed, and it seems hardly necessary to do this.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 153
The following example will shew the method of work.
Wanted the moment of occurrence of the nirayana Makara sankranti and of the sayana
Makara (or uttarayana) sarikranti in the year Saka 1000, current.
i/. :<;'. ll. III.
Moment of Mesha sankranti (Table I.) March 23 (82) 5 14 52
Add collect, duration to beginning of Makara (Table III.) .... 275 2 15 43
Then the moment of the nirayana Makara sankranti is 358 i 6 35
(One day being added because the hours exceed 24.)
358 — December 24th. i = Sunday.
The nirayana Makara sankranti, therefore, occurred on Sunday, December 24th, at 6 h. 35 m.
after sunrise. Now for the sayana Makara sankranti. By the Table given above we find that
in the given year the sayana sankranti took place 9 days, 6 hours before the nirayana sankranti ;
for A.D. 1000 — 445 = 555 ghatikas = 9 days 15 gh. — () days, 6 hours, and it took place in
nirayana Dhaiuis.
d. it.'. Ii. in.
Moment of nirayana Makara sank: 24 Dec. = 358 i 6 35
Deduct 9 9260
i; Dec. 349 6 o 35
This shews that the sayana Makara sankranti took place on Friday. Dec. 1 5th, at 3 5 minutes
after sunrise.
(2) For more accurate time we work thus. 1000 — 445 — 555. Multiplying by -L. we have 9^, or
9" 1 5' in ayanamsus. The length of the month Dhanus is 29 d. 8 h. 24 m. 48 s. (Table, p. .
d. h. 111. s.
29 d. 8 h. 24 m. 48 s. X 9'/4 _ Q , , j 39
We take u m. 39 s. as = 12 m., and deduct 9 d. i h. 12 m. from the moment of the
nirayana Makara sankranti, which we have above.
d. w. li. m.
24 Dec. 358 i 6 35
9 9 2 i 12
15 Dec. 349 6 5 .23
This shews that the sayana Makara sankranti took place on Dec. 151)1 at 5 h. _'j m.
after sunrise, the day being Friday. '
"The following Table may be found useful. It may be appended to Table VIII. and
called "Table VIII. C".
1 Actual calculation by the Arya SidJhunta proves thiit flif sAyaua saiikrAuti in question took place only I minute after the
time so found. [S. H. D.]
'54
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
Table of Rasis (signs).
[The moments of the saiikriintis are indicated by the first of the two entries in cols. 2 and 3. Thus the moment of the
Siihha sankranti is shewn by s. = 3333, degrees = 120°.]
S.
Rasis (signs.)
(See Arts.
Degrees.
Nakshatras forming the Rasis.
133 and 156.)
1
2
3
4
1. Mesha
0—833
0°— 30°
1. AsvinS; 2. Bharani; 3. First quarter of Krittika.
2. Vrishabha
833—1667
30°— 60°
3. Last three quarters of Krittikft; 4. Rohini; 5. First half of Mrigasiras.
3. Mithuna
1667—2500
60°— 90°
5. Latter half of Mrigasiras; 6. Ardra; 7. First three quarters of Punarvasu.
4. Karka
2500—3333
90°— 120°
7. Last quarter of Punarvasu; 8. Pushya; 9. Aslesha.
5. Siiiiha
3333—4167
120°— 150°
10. Magha; 11. Purva-Phalguni; 12. First quarter of Uttara-Phalguni.
6. Kanyu
4167—5000
150°— 180°
12. Last three quarters of Uttava-Phalguni ; 13. Hasta; 14. First half of Chitra.
7. Tula
5000-5833
180°— 210°
14. Second half of Chitra; 15. Svati; 16. First three quarters of Visakha.
8. Vrischika
5833-6667
210°-240°
16. Last quarter of Visakha; 17. AnuradhS; 18 Jyeshthl
9. Dhanus
6667—7500
240°— 270°
19. Mula; 20. Purva- Ashadha; 21. First quarter of ^Uttara-Ashadha.
10. Makara
7500—8333
270°— 300°
21. Last three quarters of Uttara-Ashadha; 22. Sravana; 23. First half of
Dhanishtha (or Sravishtha.)
11. Kumbha
8333—9167
300°— 330°
24. Second half of Dhanishtha (or Sravishtha) ; 24. Satataraka (or Satabhishaj),
25. First three quarters of Purva Bhadrapada.
12. Mma
9167—10000
380°—360°
25. Last quarter of Purva Bhadrapada; 25. Uttara-Bhadrapada ; 27. Revati.
" 1 60(6). The following is a summary of points to be remembered in calculating and verifying
dates. The list, however, is not exhaustive.
A. A luni-solar date may be interpreted as follows : —
(I.) With reference to current and expired years, and to amanta and purnimanta months.
(A) When the year of the given era is Chaitradi.
(a) For dates in bright fortnights, two possible cases ; (i.) expired year, (ii.) current year.
(b) For dates in dark fortnights, four possible cases; viz., expired year, or current
year, according to both the purnimanta and amanta system of months.
(B) When the year is both Chaitradi and non-Chaitradi.
(a) For dates in bright fortnights, three possible cases; viz., (i) Chaitradi year current,
(2) Chaitradi year- expired = non-Chaitradi year current, (3) non-Chaitradi year
expired.
(b) Dates in dark fortnights, six possible cases ; viz. , the same three years according
to both the purnimanta and amanta system of months.
For months which are common to Chaitradi and non-Chaitradi years, the cases will
be as in (A).
(II.) With reference to the tithi.
All the above cases, supposing the tithi was current, (i) at the given time as well
as at sunrise of the given day, (2) for the given time of the day, but not at its sunrise.
B. A solar date may be interpreted as follows :—
(I.) With reference to current and expired years.
(A) When the year of the given era is Meshadi, two possible cases ; (a) expired year,
(f>) current year.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 155
(B) When the year of the given era is both Meshadi and non-Mesh.idi, three possible
cases ; (a) Meshadi year current, (b) Meshadi year expired = non-.Mesludi year
current, (c) non-Meshadi year expired.
(II.) With reference to the civil beginning of the month, all the cases in Art. 28.
C. When the era of a date is not known, all known possible eras should be tried.
D. (a) According to Hindu Astronomy a tithi of a bright or dark fortnight of a month
never stands at sunrise on the same week-day more than once in three consecutive years. Fur
instance, if Chaitra sukla pratipada stands at sunrise on a Sunday in one year, it cannot stand
at sunrise on Sunday in the year next preceding or next following.
(/>) It can only, in one very rare case, end on the same week-day in two consecutive
years, and that is when there are thirteen lunar months between the first and second. There
are only seven instances l of it in the 1600 years from A.D. 300 to 1900.
(c) It cannot end on the same week-day more than twice in three consecutive years.
(d) But a tithi can be connected with the same week-day for two consecutive years if
there is a confusion of systems in the naming of the civil day, naming, that is, not only by
the tithi current at sunrise, but also by the tithi current during any time of that day. Even
this, however, can only take place when there are thirteen lunar months between the two.
If, for instance, Chaitra sukla ist be current during, though not at sunrise on, a Sunday in one
year; next year, if an added month intervenes, it may stand at sunrise on a Sunday, and con-
sequently it may be connected with a Sunday in both these (consecutive) years.
(e) A tithi of an amanta month of one year may end on the same week-day as it did
in the purnimanta month of the same name during the preceding year.
(/) The interval between the week-days connected with a tithi in two consecutive years,
when there are 12 months between them, is generally four, and sometimes five ; but when thirteen
lunar months intervene, the interval is generally one of six week-days. For instance, if Chaitra
sukla ist ends on Sunday (= i) in one year, it ends next year generally on (i + 4 = 5 ) Thursday,
and sometimes 011(1 + 5 =6=) Friday, provided there is no added month between the two. If
there is an added month it will probably end on (i -f 6 = o — ) Saturday.
(g) According to Hindu Astronomy the minimum length of a lunar month is 29 days,
20 ghatikas, and the maximum 29 days and 43 ghatikis. Hence the interval between the week-
days of a tithi in two consecutive months is generally one or two. If, for instance, Chaitra sukla
pratipada falls on a Sunday, then Vaisakha sukla pratipada may end on Monday or Tuesday. But by
the existence of the two systems of naming a civil day from the tithi current at its sunrise, as well
as by that current at any time in the day, this interval may sometimes be increased to three, and
we may find Vaisakha sukla pratipada, in the above example, connected with a Wednesday.
E. (a) A sankranti cannot occur on the same week-day for at least the four years preceding
and four following.
(//) See Art. 119, par. 3.
160 (c) To find the apparent longitude of Jupiter. (Sff Art. 6j, p. 37. and Table XII.)
I. To find, first, the mean longitude of Jupiter and the sun.
(i.) Find the mean longitude of Jupiter at the time of the Meshasankranti by the following
Table W. That of the sun is o° at that moment.
(ii.) Add the sodhya (Art. 26, p. n, Art. 90, p. 52) given in the following Table Y to
1 They urc A.D. 440—1; 776—7; 838—9, 857—8; 1183—4; 1264—5; 1581—2.
19
156 THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
the time of the apparent Mesha sankranti (as given in Table I., cols. 13 to 17, or ija). The
sum is the moment of the mean Mesha sankranti. Find the interval in days, ghatikas, and palas
between this and the given time (for which Jupiter's place is to be calculated). Calculate the
mean motion of Jupiter during the interval by Table Y below, and add it to the mean
longitude at the moment of mean Mesha sankranti. The sum is the mean place of Jupiter at
the given moment. The motion of the sun during the interval (Table Y) is the sun's mean place
at the given moment.
II. To find, secondly, the apparent longitude.
(i.) Subtract the sun's mean longitude from that of Jupiter. Call the remainder the " first
commutation". If it be more than six signs, subtract it from twelve signs, and use the remainder.
With this argument find the parallax by Table Z below. Parallax is minus when the commuta-
tion is not more than six signs, plus when it is more than six. Apply half the parallax to the
mean longitude of Jupiter, and subtract from the sum the longitude of Jupiter's aphelion, as given at
the bottom of Table Z below. The remainder is the anomaly. (If this is more than six signs,
subtract it from twelve signs, as before, and use the remainder.) With this argument find the equation
of the centre ' by Table Z. This is minus or plus according as the anomaly is o to 6, or 6 to 12
signs. Apply it to the mean longitude of Jupiter, and the result is the heliocentric longitude.
(ii.) Apply the equation of the centre (plus or minus) to the first commutation ; the sum is the
"second commutation". If it is more than six signs, use, as before, the difference between it
and twelve signs. With this second commutation as argument find the parallax as before. Apply
it (whole) to Jupiter's heliocentric longitude, and the result is Jupiter's apparent longitude.
Example. We have a date in an inscription. — "In the year opposite Kollam year 389,
Jupiter being in Kumbha, and the sun 18 days old in Mina, Thursday, loth lunar day of Pushya." :
Calculating by our method "C" in the Text, we find that the date corresponds to Saka
1138 current, Chaitra sukla dasami (10th), Pushya nakshatra, the i8th day of the solar month
Mina of Kollam 390 of our Tables, or March I2th, A.D. 121 5. 3
To find the place of Jupiter on the given day.
gh. pa.
Apparent Mesha sank, in Saka 1137 (Table /., Cols. 13 — 75) 25 Mar. (84) Tues. (3) 3 32
Add sodhya (Table Y) 2 2 2851
27 Mar. (86) Tues. (5) 12 23
The given date is Saka 1138 12 Mar. (436)
(350)
350, then, is the interval from mean Mesha sankranti to 12 gh. 23 pa. on the given day.
The interval between Saka i current and Saka 1137 current is 1136 years.
1 Neglecting the minutes and seconds of anomaly, the equation may be taken for degrees. Thus, if the anomaly is 149°
7' 49", the equation may be taken for 149°. If it were U9° 31' 12", take the equation for 150°. And so in the caseof commu-
tation. For greater accuracy the equation and parallax may be found by proportion.
2 Indian Antiquary, XXIV., p. 307, date No. XI.
3 The year 389 in the original seerns to be the expired year . There are instances in which the word " opposite " is so used
and I am inclined tu think that the word used for "opposite" is used to denote "expired" (ffata). The phrase "18 days old" is
used to shew the 18,h day of the solar month. [S. B. D.)
ADDITIONS AND COKRECTh
'57
Saka I (Table W) .
Years .
At mean Mesha sank :
Days (Table Y) . .
1000
100
30
6
300
50
Mean long: on the given day.
Deduct Sun's mean longitude from
that of Jupiter
Jupi
Sign
0
i
it
O
9
0
29
3
5
22
5
0
12
o
0
(Note that then-
to a sign, and en
6
6
10
2
33
6
36
43
SUN.
9
18
24
52
55
48
44
Sign •
9 25 40 I 51
4
9
>7
i 19 16 48
IO
II
17
14
57
57
49
39
'4 57 39
= first commutation.
II
3
0
IO
As this is more than six signs we deduct it from 12 signs. Remainder, signs o, 26"
59' 50". Call this 27°.
Parallax for 27" (see Table Z) - 4" 20'.
Silt"
Mean longitude of Jupiter (above) 10 17 57 49
Add half the parallax 2 10
10 20 7 49
Subtract longitude of Jupiter's aphelion (bottom of Table Z) 6 o o o
Anomaly 4 20 7 49
4 signs, 20 degrees =: 140 degrees. Equation of centre for argument 140° — (Table Z) 3° 25'.
Deducting this from Jupiter's mean longitude found above (IDS. 17° 57' 49") we have los. 14"
32' 49" — Jupiter's heliocentric longitude; and deducting it from the first commutation (i is. 3°
o' 10") we have, as second commutation, IDS. 29° 35' 10". Remainder from 12 signs, is. O" 24' 50".
Parallax for i sign, or 30°, (Table Z) — 4° 49'. Applying this (adding because the commutation
is over 6 signs) to the heliocentric longitude of Jupiter we have (IDS. 14° 32' 49" + 4° 49'=)
i os. 19° 21' 49" as the apparent (true) longitude of Jupiter.
From this we know that Jupiter was in the nth sign, Kumbha, on the given date.
-
-
INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE W.
[For finding the mean place of Jupiter. Argument = number of years
between Saka i and the given Saka year.]
Surya SiddhSnta
First Avva Do
Signs
o
!
H
ta
o
1
.in
54
()
9
0
29
ta with bija
0
5
49
4
No. of
years.
Surya Siddhfniiii
First Arya Siddhanta
Surya Siddhanta with bija
Signs
Degrees
Mins.
Sees.
S.
o
i
n
S.
o
t
ft
1
1
0
21
6
1
0
21
7
1
0
21
4
2
2
0
42
12
2
0
42
14
2
0
42
7
3
3
i
3
18
3
1
3
22
3
1
3
11
4
4
1
24
24
4
1
24
29
4
1
24
14
5
5
1
45
30
5
1
45
36
5
1
45
18
6
6
2
6
36
6
2
6
43
6
2
6
22
7
. 7
2
27
42
7
2
27
50
7
2
27
25
8
8
2
48
48
8
2
48
59
8
2
48
29
9
9
3
9
54
9
3
10
5
9
3
9
. 32
10
10
8
31
0
10
3
31
12
10
3
30
36
20
8
7
2
0
8
7
2
24
8
7
1
12
30
6
10
33
0
6
10
33
36
6
10
31
48
40
4
14
4
0
4
14
4
48
4
14
2
24
50
2
17
35
0
2
17
36
0
2
17
33
0
60
0
21
6
0
0
21
7
12
0
21
3
36
70
10
14
37
0
10
24
38
24
10
24
34
12
80
8
28
8
0
8
28
9
36
8
28
4
48
90
7
1
39
0
7
1
40
48
7
1
35
24
100
5
5
10
0
5
5
12
0
5
5
6
0
200
10
10
20
0
10
10
24
0
10
10
12
0
300
3
15
30
0
3
15
36
0
3
15
18
0
400
8
20
40
0
8
20
48
0
8
20
24
0
500
1
25
50
0
1
26
0
0
1
25
30
0
600
7
1
0
0
7
1
12
0
7
0
36
0
700
0
6
10
0
0
6
24
0
0
5
42
0
800
5
11
20
0
5
11
36
0
5
10
48
0
900
10
16
30
0
10
16
48
0
10
15
54
0
1000
3
21
40
0
' 3
22
0
0
3
21
0
0
2000
7
13
20
0
7
14
0
0
7
12
0
0
3000
11
5
0
0
11
6
0
0
11
g
0
0
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
TABLE Y.
motion of Jupiter and Sun. Argument '= number of days (gltatikas and
palas) between mean Mi ska sankninti and the given moment. I
(This w applicable to all the
'SO
No.
of
Jupiter.
Sun.
s.
o
i
s.
o
i
M
1
i)
0
59
0
II
2
0
0
9
58
(I
1
58
16
8
ii
0
14
.-.7
II
2
l
0
0
19
57
0
8
56
5
0
0
24
u
II
4
tl
6
0
0
29
0
5
49
7
1)
0
34
5*
(1
6
58
57
8
0
I!
39
53
0
7
5
0
0
0
44
0
8
52
14
10
0
0
49
51
0
g
51
22
20
0
1
89
43
0
19
43
80
0
2
29
M
0
29
84
5
40
0
8
19
26
1
g
25
27
50
0
4
9
17
1
19
If,
48
60
0
4
r,9
7
1
8
in
70
0
5
M
0
2
s
M
80
0
6
38
52
2
IS
50
90
0
7
28
43
2
28
42
15
100
0
8
18
81
8
8
:w
M
200
0
16
37
9
6
17
7
it
800
0
24
55
44
9
4D
51
i/. gh. fa.
Sodhvi =/ S'"'r-va sillllh"nt8 2 10 U
~\ Ana Siddlninta 2 8 51
Motion for ghatikiis — as many minutes and seconds as there ;nv ,1,-p-ios and minutes for the same number of days. Motion
for palas — as many seconds as there are degrees for the same, number of days.
,,1/ile. The motion of Jupiter in four ghatikfis is 19^' , or (say) 20 seconds. The motion of the Sun in fire palas is
455 , or (say) 5 seconds.
i6o
THE INDIAN CALENDAR.
TABLE Z.
[For Equation of centre. Argument = Jupiter 's anomaly.
For Parallax, Argument = commutation.]
'S
Equation
1
Equation
T3
Equation
a
Parallax.
of
d
• r-
Parallax.
of
_a
Parallax.
of
~n
V
s
I
<j
centre.
Argument
centre.
Argument
centre.
o
i
o
i
o
i
o
i
o
1
0
t
i
0
10
0
5
25
4
2
2
7
49
7
33
3
45
2
0
19
0
10
26
4
11
2
11
50
7
41
3
18
3
0
29
0
15
27
. 4
20
2
15
51
7
48
8
52
4
0
38
0
21
28
4
30
2
20
52
7
56
3
56
5
0
48
0
26
29
4
39
2
24
53
8
4
3
59
6
0
58
0
31
30
4
49
2
29
54
8
12
4
2
7
1
8
0
37
31
4
59
2
33
55
8
20
4
5
8
1
18
0
42
32
5
7
2
38
56
8
27
4
8
9
1
27
0
47
33
5
17
2
42
57
8
34
4
11
10
1
37
0
52
34
5
26
2
47
58
8
41
4
14
11
1
47
0
57
35
5
34
2
51
59
8
48
4
17
12
1
57
1
2
36
5
43
2
55
60
8
55
4
20
13
2
7
1
7
37
5
52
2
58
61
9
1
4
22
14
2
16
1
12
38
6
1
3
4
62
9
8
4
25
15
2
26
1
17
39
6
9
3
8
63
9
14
4
27
16
2
36
1
22
40
6
18
3
12
64
9
21
4
30
17
2
46
1
27
41
6
26
3
16
65
9
28
4
32
18
2
55
1
32
42
6
85
3
20
66
9
34
4
35
19
3
4
1
37
43
6
44
3
23
67
9
40
4
37
20
3
14
1
42
44
6
52
3
27
68
9
45
4
39
21
3
24
1
47
45
7
0
3
31
69
9
49
4
41
22
3
33
1
52
46
7
8
3
35
70
9
54
4
43
23
3
42
1
57
47
7
17
3
38
71
9
59
4
45
2-t
3
52
2
1
48
7
25
3
42
72
10
4
4
47
Longitude o) the Aphelion of Jupiter, by Surya Siddhinta := 5 signs 21
„ ' „ „ „ Arya Siddhauta — 6 „ 0
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
161
1
Kquation
••a
Equation
|
Equation
a
Parallax.
of
A
Parallax.
of
.2
Parallax.
of
Argument
centre.
Argument
centre.
1
centre.
O
i
o
o
1
o
i
o
f
o
f
73
10
9
4
49
lOfl
11
25
4
-,l
145
7
41
8
4
74
10
14
4
31
no
11
84
4
146
7
31
8
0
7r,
10
1!)
4
52
111
11
22
4
50
147
7
19
2
78
10
24
4
31
112
11
10
4
49
148
7
s
2
77
10
2s
4
55
113
11
16
4
47
149
6
2
M
78
10
33
4
56
114
11
u
4
U
150
6
46
t
•ll
79
10
37
4
57
115
11
10
4
48
151
6
84
2
80
10
41
4
59
116
11
6
4
41
132
6
2
31
81
10
46
5
0
117
11
2
4
38
153
6
11
2
87
82
10
50
5
1
118
10
59
4
36
154
5
59
2
22
83
10
54
5
1
119
10
55
4
34
135
5
47
2
17
84
10
58
5
2
120
10
51
4
31
IN
84
•2
12
85
11
1
5
3
181
10
46
4
29
157
5
21
2
7
86
11
4
5
4
122
10
41
4
26
154
5
8
•j
2
87
11
7
5
4
123
10
86
4
23
159
4
1
57
88
11
10
5
5
124
10
31
4
21
160
4
42
1
89
11 13
5
5
125
10
25
4
18
161
4
29
1
46
90
11 16
5
5
126
10
1!)
4 13
4
16
1
41
91
11 19
5
6
127
10
13
4
12
163
4
i
1
92
11
22
3
6
10
7
4
9
164
3
48
1
30
93
11
25
5
6
L29
10
1
4
6
L68
3
84
1
81
94
11
27
5
6
130
9
31
4
3
106
8
20
1
19
95
11
28
5
6
131
9
47
3
59
167
3
6
1
13
06
11
29
5
5
132
9 39
3
55
168
2
52
1
S
97
11
30
5
5
133
9 32
3
32
169
2
88
1
9H
11
30
5
4
134
9
25
3
49
170
•>
24
0
57
9 !l
11
no
3
4
135
9
17
3
45
171
•2
10
0
51
100
11
31
5
3
136
9
ij
3
41
172
1
0
101
11
81
5
3
137
9
0
8
37
173
1
U
0
40
102
11
31
5
2
IBM
8
51
3
88
174
1
27
0
84
103
11
30
5
1
13'.)
8
41
3
29
111
1
13
0
104
11
30
5
0
140
*
88
3
25
17H
0
59
0
24
105
11
29
4
59
141
8
89
3
8]
177
0
tl
0
18
106
11
28
4
58
142
8
18
3
17
178
0
0
12
107
11
27
4
57
143
8
2
3
13
179
u
15
0
6
108
11
26
4
55
144
7
52
3
8
180
0
II
0
0
INDEX.
'«." "«-.' in Table I. explained. Art. 102, ,
Abiil Fazal, on the Lakshmana Sena Era, Art. 71, p. 46.
Adhik:: ••xplaincj, A.
p. 11; adhika tithia, rules governing, Art. 32, p. 17;
variation on account of longitude, Art. 35, p. 19; detailed
rules governing, Arts. 45 to 51. pp. 25 to 31; Arts. 76
to 79, pp. 48. -HI; (see also under Intercalation, Lunar
month, Tillu}.
•MM, meaning of, Art. .'ill, ami note 2, p. 16; Art. 17,
Aklmr, established the Fasali Era, Art. 71, p. 44; and the
ll:',hi Km. Art. 71, p. Ml.
Aktarnuma, The, of Abul Fazal, Art. 71, p. 46.
Albcruni, Saptarshi Kala Era used in -MullAu in hi-
Art. 71, p. 41; and the Harsha-Kfila Era in Maihura and
kanauj, Art. 71, p. 45.
n:i system of lunar months, definition, Art. 13, p. 4;
compared with purnimfinta system in tabular form, Art. 45,
p. 25: lion it aH'ccfs intercalation of months in liini
system. Art. 51, p. :iO.
definition of, Art. 7, p. 3; name of a I it hi
ends a puksha or furliiight, Art. 11, p. 4; see also Art. 13,
p. 4; Art. 29, p. 13.
Amli Era of Orissa, The, Art. 71, p. 43.
lilhi Yoga, Art. 31), p. 23; in an actual panchai'iga,
p. 15.
Aiiisn, or degree of angular measurement, Art. 22, p. !l.
Angus = limbs; paiichCinga, Art. 4, p. 2.
Anomalistic;, Length of — lunar month, Art. 12, imtc 2, p. I ;
— solar year of. Art. 15, and note 3,
P. 5.
Anomaly of a planet, true and mean, defined, An lj,
note 4, p. 5.
Apara paksha. (Sec Paksha).
,-ee, Sun's, longitude of, in A.D. 1137, Art. 21. p. 11.
Apparent, sankrSnti, defined, Art. 20, p. 11; mcani.
word "apparent", Art. 20, note 2, p. 11; "apparent time",
Art. 36, p. 19.
Apsidi
. Art 15, and in
lirst point of, Art. 14, \t. 5, sidereal longitude nn :•
from |, 11.
Ana-paksha school of astronomers, Arts. 1'J, 20, p .
. Ancient, «erc acquainted with the Starr)' nakshatrM,
\ri 3S, p. 21.
\rt. 17, p. fi;
(jf year areiirdiii!; t"
of the. ' 'il, 21, pp. 7 I" '.I, an. I isisof
solar reckoning in this work, Art 37, p. 2(1; mean intcr-
1 , Kiile of, fur ii
the samvaisara current un .'.', p. 3t;
\punged samvatsa: .il-ycar cjrle of Jupiter
.rdinn to tin '. 00, p. 30; when- used in
the Tables as basis of calculation, Art. 73, p 47; dili
between moment of as calculated by tin;
— and the 'JO, p. 51, and '
I, p. 11.
or Vadi paksha. •'•<».)
chakra)
ILT used in
:::; of the \
is, followers of the Saura scho .ui\, Art. 20, p. 8.
i San" KIM, Th.
Bern r
A. II. 1150) men'
p. s ; follow* i he nil.
Slip;
ji. 31.
Bija, or correction. Art. Ill,
•imihira's, Art. 20, p. ^ .' ; in \btRdjam-
,'tta, ill. }•• id-aranda, ir/ ]>, 8; Gapesa
Daivajna's, id. p. 8.
164
INDEX.
Bombay, New year's day in, Art. 52, p. 32.
Brahmagupta. His Brahma Siddhdnla, Art. 17, p. 6; Art. 19,
p. 7; Art. 20, note 1, p. 8 ; bis s\stem of nakshatra mea-
surement. Art. 38, p. 21: Art. 40, note 1, p. 23.
Brahmanas, The, Art. 41, p. 24.
Brahma-paksha school of astronomers, Arts 19. 20, p. 7, 8.
Brahma Siiid/ninta of Brabmaf-upta, Art. 17, p. 6; Art. 19,
p. 7 ; Art. 20, p. 8 ; system of nakshatra measurement accord-
ing to, Art 38, p. 21 ; rule for naming intercalated and
expunged months, Art. 46, p. 27 j Art. 50, p. 30.
Brihaspati samvatsa a-chakra, or sixty-year cycle of Jupiter,
Arts. 53 to 62, pp 32 to 37 ; duration of a year of the,
/.rt. 54 p. 33; Expuurtion of a year of the, Arts. 54 to 60,
pp. 33 to 36 ; Rules for finding the year current on any day,
Art. 59, p. 34.
/if It*! sfim/ii'u. Rule for finding the samvatsara current on a
particular day, Art. 59, p. 35; List of expunged sauivatsaras
of the 60-y ar cycle of Jupiter according to the — rule, Art.
60 p. 36.
Briliat Titliifliintuiiiaui, The, by Ganesa Daivajna, (A.D. 1527)
Art. 20, p. 8.
Buchanan, on the Lakshmana Srna Era, Art. 71, p. 46.
Canon der FiiixlKmixxe, by Oppolzer, Art. 400, p. 23. See
Dr. R. Srhram s Artie e on Eclipses pp. 109 — 116.
Central Provinces, Ganesa Daiiajna's works followed in, Art.
20, p. 9.
Ceremonies. Religious, performance of, how regulated with
referent to ti.his, Art. 31, p. 17.
Chaitiadi Vikrama year The Art. 71, p 41.
Chiilcloa, Names ol Hindu days of weik derived from, Art. 5,
note 1, p. 2.
Chaldoans, weie acquainted with the starry uak-liatras, Art.
38, p 21.
Chalnkyan Era, The, Art. 71 p 46.
Chandra masa. or lunar month. See Lunat'im, Lunar mon'A.
Chara, Tht. defined. Art. 24, note 1, p 11.
Chedi Kra, The, Art. 71, p. 42.
Chhaire, Professor, list of intercalated and suppressed months,
Art. 46. note 3, p. 27, and Art. 78, and note 1, p. 4«.
Chinna Kimidi. The Onko cycle in. Art. 64 p. 38.
Chitlagone, 'I he Magi-san Kra used in. Art. 71. p. 45
Christ an Era, The, current or expired years (?) Art. 70. note 2,
p. 40; Use of, in India, Art. 71, p. 42.
Civil day, The. (See Solar day\
Cochin, New Year's Day in, Art. 52, p. 32.
Colebrooke, on the Lakshmana Sena JOra, Art. 71, p. 46.
Cowasjee Hatcll, List of intercalated and suppressed months in
his "Chronology," Art. 46, note 3, p. 27, and Art. 78, and
note 1, p. 49.
Cunningham, General Sir Arthur. Indian Eras, List of inter-
calated and suppressed months, Art. 46, note 3, p. 27. and Art.
78, and note 1, p. 49. On the Lakshmaua Sena Bra, Art.
71, p. 46.
Current year, defined, Art. 70, p. 40.
Cycle, Sixty-year — of Jupiter, Arts. 53—62, pp. 32—36;
List of expunged samvatsaras, Art. 60, p. 36; earliest men-
tion of, in inscriptions, Art. 61, p. 36; The southern
60-year, or luni-solar, cycle. Art. 62, pp. 36, 37; Twelve-
year — of Jupiter, Art. 63, p. 37, and Table XII. ; Graha-
parivritti — of 90 years, the, Art. 64, p. 37 Onko —
the, Art 64, p. 38.
Dakhani system of lunar fortnights, Art. 13, p. 5.
Dakshinayana sankranti. (See Santrunli).
Danda, Length of. Art. 6, p. 2.
Days' of the week, Names of Hindu, Art. 5, p. 2.
Definitions and general explanation of names and Indian divi-
sions of time, Arts. 4 — 17, pp 2 — 7.
Dhtkolidn, a Karaite by Sripati, Art. 47, and note 4, p. 27.
L/ii-rf.ddhida, a work by Lalla. Art. 20, p. 8.
Dina, or solar day, Art 6, p. 2.
Diva;-a. Savana — = solar day, Art. 6, p. 2.
Division of time amongst the Hindus, Art. 6, p. 2.
Divyasimhadeva, prince of Orissa, Art. 64, p. 39.
Dvfipura Yuga. (See iut/a).
Eclipses, note on, Art. 40o, p. 23; note by Professor Jacob!
on id.; Dr. Schram'a paper on, and Tubles, pp. 109 — 138.
Ecliptic, synudical and sidereal revolutions of moon. Art. 12,
note 2, p 4.
El.ments and Definitions, Arts. 4-17, pp. 2—7.
'• Equiil-spiice-system" of nakshatras, Art. 38, p. 21.
"Equati-n of the centre", defined. Art. 15. note 4, p. 5 ; term
explained. Art. 107, p. 60; greatest possible, according to
the Siirya-tiiddkiitita, Art. 108, p. 61; given for every
degree of anomaly in the Ma/caranda, Art. 109, p. 61.
Erns, The \arious. treated nf, Arts. 65-71, pp. 39 — 47; use
of, by >migr.nt aces. Arts. 66, 67, p. 39
Expired yenr. defined. Art. 70, p. 40.
Ex •nnct on. Of tith s, rules governing. Art 3 -', p 17 ; Variation
on acionnt of longitude. Arts. 34. 3">, pp. 18, 19; —
ol naksh tins. Art. 35, p. 19; — of months A ts. 45 to 51,
pp. 25 to :<1, and Arts 77 to 79, pp. 48, 49; alluded to by
Bhaskara-charya, Arts. 46, 47. p. 27. (S.e Lunar month};
— of a s imvatsara, Art. 54 p. 33 ; variations in practice,
Art 55. p 43 ; List of ejpunged samviits ra«, An. 60 anJ.
Tiible p 36; -- of sam>atsaras in the 12-year cycle of
Jupiter, Art 63, p 37
Fasali year, The, Art. 71. p. 44. l>o. luni-solar, id. New
Year's Day in Madras Art 5i, p. 32; New Year's Day in
Bengal, id.
Fhed point in Aries, The, si lereal lon.'itude measured from,
Art, 3, p «.
Fleet, Dr. P., Art 71, p 40. note 1; on the Chedi Era, Art.
71, p. 42, note 4; on the Gupta and Valabhi Eras, Art
71. p. 42.
Flight, Muhammad's, Art. 161. p. 101.
Ganesa Daivajna, author of the Grnhaldghava, a Karana in
A.D. 1520, and of the Brihat and Layku TMichaudmanit
(A.D. 1527), Art. 20, p. 8; his bi.a, id.; L st of suppivs-ed
months according to, Art. 50. p. 30; different treatment of
Saka years by, Art. 68, p. 39.
Ganjam, New Year's Day in, Art. 52, p. 32; The Onko cycle,
Art. 64, p. 37.
Garga's system of nakshatras, Art. 38, p. 21.
Gata, a — year denned, Art. 70 p. 40.
INDEX.
Ghati. (See ghatiU.)
Ghatika, Letmth of, Art. fi, p. 2.
Girisa Chandra, "Chronological Tables" by. Art. 71, p. 13.
Gra/ialiiyhava, The, a Karapa, wriiten by Gaursa Duivajiia (A.D.
1520), An Art. 68, p. 4(1.
Graha-parivritti cycle, The, Art. (it, p. 37 ; equation of, id.,
and note 4.
Gregorian year, Length of, compared with that of the Hljra,
Art. 162, p. 102, note 1.
Gujarat, The Brahma school of astronomy followed in, Arts 20,
21, pp. 8, 9; an. I the (Irahaldyhavn and Laghu Tithicliin-
tiima,n of (iaijo'a Daivajna Art. I'll, p 11, Vw War's Day
in. Art. 52, p. 32; use of the VikraoiaEraiD, Alt 71, p.41;
and by settlers from — in S. India, id.
Gupta Era, The, Art. 71, p. 43.
Haidarabad, Gancsa Danajfia's works followed in, Art. 20,
p. 9.
Harsha-Killa Era, The, Art. 71, p. 45.
Harshava dhana of Kanauj. King, establishes the Har»ha-Kala
Era, Art. 71, p. 45.
Helali, The, Art. 161, p. 101.
Heliacal rising of a planet, defined, Art. 153. note 2, p. 37.
Hijra, Year of the Its origin, Art Kil, p. 101. Length of
— and Gregorian years compare 1, Art 1(12. p. 102; begins
from heliacal rising of moon, Art. Hit, p. 102.
t. 161, p. 101.
Ilahi Era, The. Art. 71 p Hi.
Inauspicious days. Certain, Art 32, p. 17.
Indrayumna, Raja of Oris^a, date of his birth is the epoch of
the Amli Era, Art. 71. p. 43.
Intercalation of months in Hindu calendar, system explained,
Art. 25, p. 11; — of tithis. Art. 32, p. 17; variation on
account of longitude. Art. 31. ]> I * ; -- of nakshatras,
Art. 35, p. 19; detailed rnlrs nouTning the — of in.
Art. 45 to 51, pp. 2.~> to 31 ; order of — of months r
in cycles, Art. 50, p. 29 ; according to true and mean s\ -
Art 47. p. 27; by different Siddhantas. Art. lit, p. 2<J; by
amania ami puni'mAnia systems, Art. 51. p. 30. Set also
Arts. 76—79, pp. 4S 49.
Jacobi. Prof- mi eclipses, Art. 40«. p. 23.
Jahangir, used the Ilahi Era, Art. 71, p. 46.
Juli.in period, Art. 16. p. 6.
Jupiter. Bija, or correction, applied in A.D. 505 to his motion,
by Varilha-mihira, Art. 20, p. 8, and by Lalla. id ; sixty-
year cycle of, Arts. 53 (VI. pp :•>•> ff ; twelve-year
of, Art. 63, p. 37, and Table XII.; heliacal rising of, marks
beginning of year in one system of 12-year cycle, Art. 63,
p 37. twelve-year cycle of the mean-sign system, Art. 63,
p. 37, and Table XII.
Jyolisha-darpanfl, The, Rule for mean intercalation of months,
Art 47, p. 27.
Jyotishatattua, rule for expunction of a samvatsara, Arts. 57,
59, pp 33. 34 ; rule for finding the samvatsara current on
a particular day, Art. o'J. p 35 ; List of expunged samvatsaras
of the 60-year cycle of Jupiter according to the — rule,
Art. 60, p. 30.
Kalachun Era, The, Art. 71, p. 42.
Kdtatatca-civcckana, The, a work attributed to the Sage Vjrtu.
Art 48, p. 27.
i lie. Era d. - 71, p. to.
kalpa. Length of, Art. 16, p. 6.
Kauarcsc District* f«l: :>tua and Layhu Titki-
chi MI, p. '.i.
Kanauj. Vw of Har»hu-kAla l.ra in, Art. 71.
Karana, Art. 1, p. 1; Art. 1, p. t; definition of, Art 10, pp. 8,
1; names of, Table VIII., cols. 4 and 5; d«ta
them, in an actual paiV|i;'m_..;. Art. 3(1, p. 11; • K
in.lex", Art. 37, p.
p. 23.
Karana, An astronomical treatise, Art 17. note 1, p. fl; the
Pune/M Siddliiintitii, id.; account of sum . tnas.
Arts. Ill to 21, pp. , ilala Koehchanna'a — , Art.
2u. p s; the Makaranda, id.; the ' /, id.; the
— , Art. 52. p. 31.
Karana prakd.ia, an asironouncal work, Art 20, p. 8.
i.ii * ikrama year 71, p. 41.
Kashmir, S:ip!arshi-K;'i:H Km, Tl. Art. 71, p 11 ;
KAththi-k,l;"i. LeiiL'th ,,f. Art. fi, p. 2.
f the
Vikrama Kra in, Art. 71. p. 41; do. oi the. V.ilablii Era,
Art. 71. p. 43.
Khalif I'mar. Art. Ifil. p 101.
••lya. of B * iinigupte,' The, (A.D. 665). Art. 20,
p. V ii'ife 1
kielliM-n. Dr I', on th.- Baptanb Art. 71, p. 41;
on i he Vikrama Kra. <</ , pp 41). note 2 41; w
or Ka aehuri Era, /</., p. \'i, and n ite 1; MII the Nevar
Era. Art. 71, p. 45; on the La>shmana Sena Era. Art. 71,
Kollam I'ira, Description of the, or Era of Parasurama, Art. 71.
p. 45 ; —
Krishna |.; 4«).
krita ynga
ksli. _' of word. Art. 32, p. Is
ksh.-nu tilhis. general \ M. 1-'. n. 17; variation
on account of longitu \i I*/, kshaya maus.
detailed rulet governing, A ••, 31, and
Arts. 76 to 7!' W; — nmvatsara, Art. 5t.p. 33;
list of Art. 60, and Table, p. 36. (Sec Erputiction, Lunar
month).
Layhu Tithicliinbimani, The. a work by Ganesa Daivajua
(A.D. 1527) Art. 20, p. 8.
Lahore, New Year's Day in, .according to Alberuni, An
p. 32
Lakshmana Sena Era, The. Art 71. p. 46.
Lalla, author of the Mi-eridiMida, Art. 2ll, p. s; intr.
a bija to id
LnrikA, latitude and longitmle of, Art 36, and note 2, p. 20.
Laukika Kftla Era The rshi KAIa)
Longitmle, variation in time caused by. Arts 34, 35, pp. 18, 19.
0 Pukxha, An
Delini \m- <f the
months, Art. 41, p. 24 and note 1; orisriually derived from
1 66
INDEX.
the nakshatras, Art. 43, and Table, pp. 24, 25; afterwards
from the names of the solar months, Art. 44, p. 24;
detailed rules governing intercalation and expunction of,
Arts. 45 to 51, pp. 25 to 31; varying lengths of months,
Art. 45, p. 25; names of intercalated and expunged months
how given, Art. 46, p. 26; rule in the Kdlatatva-vivechana.
and in the Brahma-Siddhiinla, if/.; true and mean systems,
Art. 47, p. 27; suppression of a month impossible under
the latter, id. p. 28 ; intercalation of months recurs in cycles,
Art. 50, p. 29; peculiarities observable in the order, id. ;
intercalation by amenta and pun.iimfmta systems, Art. 51,
p. 30; Arts. 76 to 79, pp. 48, 49; names of the Hindu
lunar months, Table II., Part i., cols. 1 to 3 ; Part ii., cols. 1 to 5 ;
Table III., col. 2.
Lunation, a natural division of time, Art, 12, p. 4; synodical
revolution, id. note 2.
Lunation-parts. (See Tithi-index.)
Luni-solar month-names, general rule, Art. 14, p. 5; Art. 41,
p. 24; season-names, star-names, Art. 14, p. 5; the former
first met with in the Ydjwr Vedas, id. ; modern names derived
from star-names, Arts. 42 to 44, pp. 24, 25.
Luni-solar year. Begins with anifmta Chaitra sukla 1st, Art: 52,
p. 31; rule when that day is either adhika or kshaya, id.
p. 31; rule when Chaitra is intercalary, id. p. 32; southern
or luni-solar cycle of Jupiter, Art. 62, p. 36; The — Fasali
year, Art. 71, p. 44.
Luni-solar reckoning used in most part of India, Art. 25, p. 11.
Madhyama, = mean, Art. 26, note 2, p. 11.
Magi-San Era, The, Art. 71, p. 45.
)[aJn!bhiira,ta,, Beginning of year mentioned in the, Art. 52, p. 32.
Mahayuga, Length of, Art. 16, p. 6.
Mahratta Sur-San Era, The, Art. 71, p. 45. Raja-Saka Era,[.The,
Art. 71, p. 47.
Maisur, Gai.iesa Daivajna's works followed in, Art, 20, p. 8.
Ma/^randa, The, a Karana (A.D. 1478), Art. 20, p. 8.
Equation of the centre for every degree of anomaly given in
the, Art. 109, p. 61.
Malabar, Use of the Saka era in, Art. 71, p. 42 ; use of Kullam
aniln in, Art. 71, p. 45.
Mfdava Era, The, = the Vikrama Era, Art. 71. p. 42.
Malayfilam, school of astronomers use the Vttkga-karana, Art.
20, p. 8; and they/rya SiddAdnta, Art. 21, p. 9; — countries,
solar reckoning used in, Art. 25, p. 11; New Year's Day in
the — country, Art. 52, p. 32.
Marathis follow Ganesa Daivajiia's Grithalugliai'it and Lai/liu Tit/ii-
chintamani, Art, 20, p. 9.
Marvfiiji system of lunar fortnights, Art. 13, p. 5.
MArvfnlis of Southern India use the Vikrama era, Art. 71, p. 41.
Mathura, Use of Harshakala Era in, Art. 71, p. 45.
Mean anomaly, moon's, sun's, Art. 15, note 4, p. 5; Art. 102,
p. 56; term explained with reference to Tables VI. and VII.,
and "4" and •'«" in Table I., Art. 107, p. 60.
Mean sarikrfmli defined, Art. 26, p. 11; meaning of word
"mean", Art. 26, note 2, p. 11; "mean time," Art. 36,
p. 19; " mean solar day," id. ; "mean sun," id.; "mean noon,"
id. ; true and mean systems regulating intercalation and sup-
pression of months in the luni-solar calendar, Art. 47. p. 27.
Meridian used in the Tables, Art. 73, p. 47.
Mc.sha sankrAuti, the general rule for naming luni-solar
months, Art. 14, p. 5; Art. 44, p. 24; the mean — fakes
place after the true — at the present day, Art. 26, p. 11;
fixes the beginning of the solar year, Art. 52. p. 31 ; difference
in calculation between the Present tiiirya and First Arya.
SiddMnltu, Art. 96, Table, p. 55.
Methods, three, A, B, C, for calculation of dates by the Tables,
preliminary remarks, Art. 2, 3, pp. 1, 2; fully detailed, Arts.
135 to 160, pp. 65 to 101.
Mithila, Use of the Lakshmana Sena Era in, Art. 71, p. 46.
Month, Lunar, lengths of synodical, sidereal, tropical, anoma-
listic, nodical, Art. 12, note 2, p. 4 ; names of — in the
llfthi Era, Art. 71, p. 46 ; Muhammadan, Table of, Art. 163
p. 102.
Moon, her motion in longitude marks the lithi, Art. 7, p. 3 ;
one synodic revolution constitutes 30 tithis, id. ; bija applied
to her motion by Lalla, Art. 20, p. 8 ; and to her apogee,
id. ; mean length of her sidereal revolution, Art. 38, p. 21 ;
how the moon's motion caused the naming of the lunar
months after the nakshatras, Art. 43, p. 24 ; lunar equation
of the centre explained, Art. 107, pp. 60 f.
" Moon's age," term used in Table I, its meaning, Art. 97, p. 55.
Muhammad, date of his flight, Art. 161, p. 101.
Muhammadan calendar, perpetual, by Dr. Burgess p. 106.
Muhammadan months, Table of, Art. 163. p. 102.
Mukundadeva, prince of Orissa, Art. 64, p. 39.
Multan, The Saptarshi.Kala Era used in, Art. 71, p. 41. New
year's day in, according to Alberuni, Art. 52, p. 32.
Muttra. (See Mathum).
Nadi, Length of, Art. 6, p. 2.
Nadika, Length of, Art. 6, p. 2.
Nakshatra, Art. 1, p. 1; Art. 4, p. 2; Art. 38, p. 21; definition of,
Art. 8, p. 3; length of, id. ; data concerning, in an actual
panch&nga, Art. 30, p. 16; intercalation and expunction of,
Art. 35, p. 19; — or "nakshatra index," Art. 37, p. 21;
equal and unequal space systems of, Art. 38, p. 21 ; longitudes
of ending points of, Table shewing, Art. 38, p. 22; gave
their names to the lunar months, Arts. 43, 44, and Table,
pp. 24, 25; method for calculating fully explained, Art. 133,
p. 64.
Nepal (or Nevar) Era, The, Art. 71, p. 45; use of Harsha
Kala Era in, id.; use of Gupta Era in, Art. 71, p. 43.
r Era, The, Art. 71, p. 45.
"New Style" in Europe, Art. 168, p. 103.
New Year's Day, The Hindu, Art. 52, p. 31 ; Varies in various
localities, id., and note 3, p. 32.
Nija masas. (See ildhika mtisas).
Nirayana Sankranti. (See Hrthkrdnti).
Nirtiayasindku, The, Art. 31, note, p. 17.
Nodical lunar month, Length of, Art. 12. note 1, p. 4.
"Old Style" in Europe, Art. 168, p. 103.
Onko cycle, The, Art. 64, p. 37.
Oppolzer's "Canon der finsternisse", Art. 40«, p. 23.
Orissa, New Year's Day in, Art. 52, p. 32; the Onko cycle
in, Art. 64, p. 37; use of Amli Era in, Art. 71, p. 43.
PaitamMa Siddhdnta, The, Art. 17, p. 6.
INDEX.
167
1'aksha, or moon's fortnight, Definition of, Art. 11, \t. 4;
-, bahula0-, pnrva0-, apara0-, id.
of, Art. 6, \i. '2.
Fafich. I, p. 1; de6nitioii of, Art. -I, p. 2; calcu-
lated according to one or othrr of Ihc Kiddhiintax, Art. 19,
p. 7; the principal articles of, treated in detail, Art. 29 I" •">!,
pp. 13 to 31; specimen page »f a, Art. 30, pp. 14, 15.
Paw/ta Siddhdnlikd, The, of Varftha-Mihira, Art. if}, p. 8;
\,1. 17, note 1, p. 8.
Para, Length <>(, \ rt <>, p. 2.
Pariisara Siddhdnia, The, Art. 17, p. 2<i.
I'arasn Kama Era, The, Art. 71, p. 45.
Parla Kimedi, The Onko eyele in, An. lit. p. 37.
I'ai'i:™ Xiddhanta, The, Art. 17, p. <>.
Pedda KimeMi, The Oiiko cycle in, Art. 64, p. 37.
Persian, old calendar of Yazdajird, Art 71, p. 47.
r/inl; ', The, Art. 71, p. 42, note 2
I'itri, Ceremony in honour of, proper day for performing, Art.
31, p. 17.
• I, Art. (i, p. 2.
Pratipada, or first tithi of the month, End of, how determined,
Art. 7, p. 3.
Prativipala, Length of, Art 6, p. 2.
Precession of the cquimncs, in reference to the length of
tropical solar year, Art. 15, p. 5; and to the coincidence of
sidereal and tropical signs of the zodiac, Art. 23, p. 10.
ran', definition of, Art. 7, p. 3; name of a tithi, /'//.;
ends a fortnight, or paksha, Art. 11, p. 4. Sec also Art. 13,
p. t; Art. 29, p. 13.
Purnimuuta system of lunar months, definition, Art. 13, p. 4;
compared with amitnta system in tabular form. Art. 45, p.
25; how it affects intercalation of months in luni-solar
system, Art. 51, p. 30.
Purva paksha. (Sec ral-.ilm).
Quilon. (See Kollam).
Radius vector, Art. 15, note 4, p. 5.
Rujamrit/iuik.i Niddhditta, The, Art. 17, p. 6; length of year
according to, now in use, Art. IS, p. 7 ; Art. 19, p. 7 : Art. 20,
p. 8 ; in the, \rt. 20, p. 8.
Riija-Saka Era, The, of the Main-ait:.-, Art. 71, p. 47.
Raja Taraiigini, The, use of the Saptarshi Kala Kra in, Art.
71, p. 41.
Rajcndra Lai Mitra, Dr., on the Lakshmana Sena En.
71, p. 46.
Riljputana, residents in, follow the Brahma-paksha school of
astronomy, Art. 21, p. 9.
Rajyiibhisheka Era, The, ..f the Mahrattas. Art. 71, p. 47.
K'unacliandradeva, prince of Orissa, Art. (\\, p. 39.
Rama-rinotta, The, Art. 71, note 2, p. 42.
lias'i, or sign of the zodiac, Art. 22, p. !).
Baluamiili! of Sripati, Art. 59, note 2, p. 35; list of ei-
pnngud samvatsaras of the 60-year cycle of Jupiter, according
to the rule of the — , Art. 60, p. 3(5.
Religious ceremonies, day for performance of, how regulated,
Art. 31, p. 17.
Romaka Siddlninla. The, Art. 17, p. 6; Art. 59, note 2, p. 34.
Saka Era, The, sometimes represented in Bengal and tin-
Tamil country as solar, Art. <!7, p. 'ion of the
Art. 71, p. 42.
Xa'taiya Brahma St<ldli,i»ta, The, Art. 17, p. '"•; Ar
. ,'da).
Samsatsara, of the i'.'
pp. 32 to 37; duration ot.
Art. 54, p. :i:t; cjpnnctioM of a, (kshaya samvatsara) Art. 54.
p. 33; rariationa in pn.r -n, pp 33'
rules for liniling the — current on a par Art.
59, IM : of expunged — Art. liiiainl ;
of the ! . and Table
XII. j of the 1 ' !em.
Art. C,3, p. 37, and Table XII.
iiiiturthi, a certain rel,.
for performing,', Art. 31, p. 17.
Sankr :on of, Art. 23. p. 9; trne and mean.
tingnished. Art. 2C, p. 11; ux- of the word in thi»
-'?, p. IL'. how the ineiJi-nee .if the — :
intercalation and i-\punction of mini luni-solar
calendar, Art. 45, p. '25, and Table; Art 79, p. 49;
Mesha — , table shewing differenr .', f-
ilatecl b\ the -Irya and tiiirya SiddMmtat
p. 54, and Table. (See also the Vl.liii'M.- and i »r. .-lions,
pp. 149—161).
Saptarshi Kal \rl. 71, p. H.
Sastra Kala Era, The.
Saura mSsa, or solar month VM).
.-paksha school of lain pp. 7. 8.
.i.nli).
Seiagesimal division of the circle in India, Art. '2'1, p. 9.
Shah Jahan used i
Shahur-San Era uf the Mahralta-. ,i, p. I.'..
Siddhdntas, Year nt according l>< the dillerent — ,
Art. 17, p. C; what is a *> .nt of
the various, Arts. 19 to 21, pp. 7 to i) ; differences in result*
when reckoning by different. Art. 37, p. 20; especially in
the matter of adhika and kshaya mAxas, Art. 4'J, p. 29.
Siddhtnta Sekhara, The, of Sripati, Art
Siddhunta Kiromn,ii, The, Art. 50, p. 30; coincidence of -•
and tropical signs of zodiac according to, Art. 23, p. 10.
Sidereal revolution of moon, Art. 12, note 2, p. t -, length of
— lunar month, Ar: -', p. 1; — >olar vear.
nition, and length of, Art. 15 and noU- 3, p. 5 ; — ;
Intion of earth,
Siii.ha Samvat Era, The, Art. 71, )•
Siudh, New Year's Day in, according to-Albcruni, Art. 52, p. 32.
Sivaji, Raja, established the Mahratta H 'a, Art. 71.
p. 47.
The, Art. 71, p Mi.
Sodhya, defined, Art. 2li, p, 11; Art. 9(1, p
Solar days, CO.T- of, with tithis for
lire-paring calendars, Art. 31, p. Hi; how named. Art 31,
p. 16; "mean — ", Art. 36, p. 19; variation in lengths of,
its canse, id.
Solar months, The, An S pp. 9 to 13; zodiacal i.
of, Art. 23, and note I. p. 10: named after lunar months,
[68
INDEX.
Art 23. and note 2, p. 10; lengths of, according to different
Siddhdnias, in tabular form, Art. 24, p. 10; inaccurate lengths
given by Warren, Art. 24, note 1, p 11; beginning of,
Art. 28, p. 12; varying rules governing the beginning of, id.
Solar year, varieties of the, defined, Art 15, p. 5; begins with
Mesha saukriinti, Art. 52, p. 81.
Solar reckoning used in Bengal, Art. 25, p. 11.
Soma Siddlidnta., The, Art. 17, p. 6; Art. 59, note 2, p. 34.
Southern India, system of lunar fortnights, Art. 13, p. 4; New
Year's Day in, Art. 52, p. 32.
Spasfita, =. true or appparent, Art. 26, note 2, p. 11
Sradilha ceremony, Proper day for performing a. Art. 31, p. 17.
Snpati, a celebrated astronomer, Art. 47, and note 4, p 27;
his Enlnauiillii, Art. 59, note 2. p. 35.
Suddha paksba. (See Paksha)
Sudi, or Sudi, paksha. (See Paksha).
Sukla paksba. (See Paksha).
Sim, moon's distance from, in longitude fixes the tithi, Art 7,
p. 3; longitude of his apogee in A.D, 1137, Art. 24, p. 11,
"mean sun," Art. 36, p. 19; solar equation of the centre
Art. 107, p. 60 f.
Suppression of samvatsaras, months, and tithis. (See Expunction).
Sura, Length of, Art. 6. p. 2.
Sur-San Era of the Mahrattas, The, Art. 71, p. 45.
Siirya Siddhdnta, epoch of Kali-yuga according to the, Art. 16,
p. 6; length of year according to, Art. 17, p. 6 and Art. 18
p. 7; account of the, Arts. 19, 20, 21, pp. 7 to 9, and notes
basis of luni-solar reckoning in the Tables, Art. 37, p. 20;
true length of solar months according to, Art. 45, p, 25,
Art. 50, p. 29; list of suppressed months according to the,
Art. 50, p, 29 ; duration of a Burhaspatya samvatsara, or
year of the 60-year cycle of Jupiler according to the, Art.
54, p. 33; — rule for finding the samvatsara current on
a particular day, Art. 59, and note 1, p. 34 ; list of expunged
samvatsaras of the 60-year cycle of Jupiter according to the
— Rule, Art. 60, p. 36; difference between moment of Mcsha-
sankranti as calculated by the — and the Ari/a Siddhdnta,
Art. 96, p. 54, and Table; greatest possible equation of centre
according to the, Art. 108, p. 61.
Synodic, revolution of moon, (see Lunation). Length of mean
— lunar month, Art. 12, note 2, p. 4.
Tabakdt-i-Akbari, The, Art. 71, p. 46
Tables, in this work Description and explanation of, Arts.
73 to 117, pp, 47 to 62.
Tamil countries, solar reckoning used in, Art. 25, p. 11.
Tamil school of astronomers use the 1'dkkya-Karatia, Art. 20,
p. 8, and the Arya Siddh&nta, Art. 21, p. 9.
Tdrikhi Ildlti, The, Art. 71, p. 46.
Telugus, The, follow the piv-rnl S/<>//<z Siddhdnta for astro-
nomical calculations since A.D. 1298, Art. 20, p. 8.
Time-divisions, Hindu, Art. 6, p. 2.
Tinnevelly, the Saka Era used in, Art. 71, p. 42; use of
Kollam iliidu in, Art. 71, p. 45.
Tirhut, use of the Lakshmana Sena Era in, Art. 71, p. 46.
Tithi, one of the elements of a panchanga. Art. 4, p. 2;
• definition of, Art. 7, p. 3; varying lengths of, Art, 7, p. 3;
astronomical reason for varying length of, Art. 7, note 1,
]>. 3 ; details concerning the, and names of, Art. 29 p 13 ;
correspondence of, with solar days for purposes of preparing
calendar, Art. 31, p. 16; intercalation and eipnnction of —
(adhika and kshaya tithis), Art. 32, p. 17; varies in different
localities, Art 35, p. 19
Tithi-index, Art. 37, p. 20; Art. 80, p. 49; conversion of
— into lunation- parts, Art. 81, p. 50; do. into measures of
solar time, Art. 82, p. 50.
Travancore, New Year's Day in, Art. 52, p. 32.
Treta yuga. (See Yuga),
Tropical. Length of — lunar month, Art. 12, note 2, p. 4;
— solar year, definition and length of, Art. 15, and note, p. 5.
True sankranti defined, Art. 26, and note 2, p. 11; meaning
of word ''true", Art. 26, note 2, p. 11; "true time",
Art. 36, p. 19; true and mean systems regulating inter-
calation and suppression of months in luni-solar calendar,
Art. 47, p. 27.
Ujjain, (see Lanka). "Ujjain mean time", Art. 36, p. 20;
longitude of, id., note 2; meridian of, used in the Tables,
Art. 73, p. 47.
Umar Khalif, Art. 161, p. 101.
"Unequal-space system" of nakshatras, Art. 38, p. 21.
Utpala, a writer on Astronomy, Art. 17, note 2, p. 6.
Uttarayana sankranti. (See SankrduK).
Vadi, or badi, paksha. (See Pakiha).
Vdkkya-karana, The, an astronomical work, Art. 20, p. 8.
Valabhi Era, The, Art. 71, p. 43.
Vara, or week-day, Art. 4, p. 2; names of days of the week,
Hindu, Art. 5, p. 2.
Varanamihira, author of the Pancha Siddhdntikd, Art. 17, notes
1, 2, p. 6; Art. 20, p. 8; Art. 40, note 1, p. 23.
Varsha, or solar year, Art. 15, p. 5.
Vartamana, a — year defined, Art. 70, p. 40.
Vasara, = solar day, Art. 6, p. 2.
/•,/.««////;« Siddhdnta, The, Art. 17, p. 6; Art. 59, note 2,
p. 34.
Vavilala Kochchanna, author of a Karaiui, A.D. 1298, Art. 20,
p. 8.
Teda, The Ydjur —, Art. 41, p. 24.
Veddiiga Jyolisha, The, Art. 17, p. 6 ; Art. 44, p. 25 ; Art. 47,
p. 28 ; beginning of year according to, Art. 52, p. 32.'
Vighatt, Length of, Art. 6. p. 2.
Vijala Kalachuri, Defeat of Eastern Chalukyas by, Art. 71, p. 46.
Vikrama, "King"(?), Art. 71, p. 42.
Vikrama Era, sometimes represented by Tamil calendar makers
as solar and Meshadi, Art. 67, p. 39 ; not used by Hindu
Astronomers, Art. 70, note 2, p. 40; The — described,
Art. 71, p. 41; "Northern — " and Southern — " id.,
" — samvat", p. 42.
Vikramiiditya Tribhuvana Malla, established the Chalukya Era,
Art. 71, p. 4<i
Vilayati year, New Year's Day, Art. 52, p. 32; Art. 71, p. 43.
Vinu.li, Length of, Art. 6, p. 2.
Vipala, Length of, Art. 6. p. 2.
Vtrakesvaradeva, prince of Orissa, Art. 64, p. 39.
Vrata. Proper day for performance of a, Art. 31, p. 17.
Vriddhi, meaning of word, Art. 32, p. 18.
INDEX.
Warren His EdlaianlaUia, Art. 24, nod: 1, p. 11
leiislhs of solar months recorded in, ill. , mi the Christian Era,
Art. 71, p. 40, note 2; on the VilAyat! Era, Art. 71, p 43,
g 1; on the Kullani Era. Art. 71, p. 45, note \, cm the
QralM-parirrilli ejele. Art. HV, |i. Ii7.
\\eeli-dav uunM, Hindu, Art. 5, p. 2.
Yazdajird, Old Persian calendar of, Art. 71, p. 47.
Year, The Hindu, solar, Inni-solar, or luoar, Art. 25, p. 11;
beginning of, Art. 52, p. 31 ; 60-year cycle of Jupiter,
Arts. 53 to 112, pp. 32 to 37; twelve-year cycle of Jupiter,
Art. 03, p 37; current (eartamana) and eipired (gala)
year* distinguished. Art. 70, p.
Yog», Art. 1, p. 1 ; Art. 4, p. 2; definition of, Art 7. p. 3;
•th of, id.; data < hin>t», Art.
:i(l, p 18, •• — indei", Art. :i7, p. I'll; ,pccial yojjx, and
auspicious and i
Method fur calculating, fully explained. Art. 133, p. 84,
Yoga tilrls, or chief stars of the naktthalrai, Art. 38, p. 21.
Yuga, Length of, Art. IB, p. 0.
. The Hindu, Art. 22, p. U.
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