Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial arthropoda

r

yndaees

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL
ARTHROPODA
List of Fascicles issued to 23rd February, 1929 :-—

Insects of Samoa and other Samoan Terrestrial Arthropoda. Maps 1 and Date Issued.
2 (in envelope). 1927, 4to. 6d. - 26th February, 1927.
Part I. OrTHOPTERA AND DERMAPTERA. vat
Fasc. 1. Dermaptera. By Dr. Alfredo Borelli. Pp. 1-8. 1928, 4to. {s. 28th July, 1928.

Fasc. 2. Orthoptera. ByDr.L. Chopard. 51 text-figures. Pp.9-58. 1929,4to. 5s. 26th January, 1929. |
Part II. Hemrprera. BY
Fasc. 1. Fulgoroidea: By F. Muir. 25 text-figures. Psyllidee (Chermide). By OI Ce
Prof. D. rawtford. 4 text-figures. cide, Aphidide and Aleyrodide. ef
By F. Laing, M.A., BSc. 3 text-figures. Pp. 1-45. 1927, 4to. (2s. 6d. 25th June, 1927.
Fasc. 2. Cercopide. By V. Lallemand, M.D. 10 text-figures. Cicadide. By :

f G. Myers, Sc.D. 22 text-figures. " Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Heteroptera. _ vai
y Prof. Teiso Esaki. 6 text-figures. Pp. 47-80. 1928, 4to. 2s. 6d. 23rd June, 1928.
fe iene of aca a beeing Jelnercige By HE ay
tt amoa and some ne. ourin: ia Pp ee?
‘opine Mi ACERS sane ome mg fates” Pe 4. 1927 “ate. 5s. 9th April, 1927.
Fasc. 2. Micro-Lepidoptera. By Edward Meyrick, BAL FRS. Bp 65-116. :

Face Caines By Louis B Pet FES 24508 ties (Ce ey,
i i t, text- t aa ee
Pp. 117-168. 1928, 4to. 2s 6d. I EO 24th Marche taen

Part IV. CoLeopTERA.
Fasc. |. Carabide. By H. E. ene: iM bee Dytiscide. By A.
Zimmermann. 2 text figures. A.dUs linide. By M. pan MB. 2 text- ei ae
-figures. Hydrophilide. rc paint: Vee re Clavicomia and eile
Lamellicornia. By Be 3 text-fi rn ep 1927, 4to. 3s. 19th December, 1927.
Fasc. 2. Heteromera, Bostrych ae Malaco nata fe Bucade By K.G. fa eS
Blair, B.Sc. 14 text-figures. Elateride. au van waluwenberg. 16
text os ee ieee). By Fleutiaux. Cerambycide. By
me v fon gts lius. K pie: ee hide. By i ene 4 tens . Lea as
thribide arl jordan, WD. text-ligures roterhiniae pets & TEE
R. C a Pp. 67-174. 1928" do. 5s. 25th February, 1928.

peg Fitne DS “Bue, Be & lid
2 Yr, 3 text~ i : ented
Ros Mu MA Ist fewer (BS 175-215. 19. deo. cee "23rd Febraary, 1929.

Part V. HyMeENoPTERA.
Fasc. 1. Apoidea, Sphecoidea, and Vespoidea. By R. C. Hs Perkins, L D.Sc., ae gt ek!
E-R.S., and_L. Evelyn Cheesman, F-E‘S., F.Z'S. 12 text-f es as Larride. iby
antschi

y Francis X. Williams. 12 text-figures. Formicide. By

9 text-fgures. Pp. 1-58 1928, 4to. 5s. - 25th February, 1928.
ea Aciontiiagenn nme Paneer Hi yee
: t cter text-f é of sk
"heen! Bae F. Feria. of texticurs: Pp.1-2t. 1927,4t, 2.6L 23rd July, 1927.
asc. 2. Nematocera. Edwards, M.A. 20text-fi a Cecilomyine.
ae ar ace aA Naar Pes ee seit 1928, 4to. 5s. 23rd June, 1928.
Part VII. Orner Orpers oF INsEcTs. ni
Fasc. |. Isoptera: oy oe By Gerald F. Hill. _ 14 text-figures and Whoo
1 plate. Odonata. By Lt.-Col. F. Cece IMS., FES. 5 text-figures.
Po: 1-44. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d 28th May, 1927.
Fasc. 2. Plectoptera. By & ae Dien Se.D. (Cane), E-R.S., and J. A.
Lestage. 2 text-figures. honaptera. By P.A. Buxton, M.A. Thysano tera.
Be hard SB ERO ELS. Crest hee Pa dee Te he

Fase. 2: ea By J. Waterston, Eee 2 text-figures ae By

Buxton, MA ‘tichoptera. By Martin f Mosely. figure.
Neiouee By P. Esben-Petersen. 1 text-fi gure and 2 plates. ES feat
By George Hiarpenter/D ser 42 texekadee (Pht mie. 1928, 4to. 256d. 28th July, 1928.

Part VIII. ‘Terrestrra. ARTHROPODA OTHER THAN INSECTS.
Fasc. 1, Isopoda Terrestria. By Harold G. Jackson, DSc. 2 plates. Scor-

23rd June, 1928,

pionoidea. (By T cr ts oe ‘oe cafe rls Eee Ya
text-fi f t text- = ; et Ma he
Et putes carina. By Stanley Hirs ext-figures. Pp, Bd July, 1920

Nepa/ormnent Te. Narco

Mec) ah . Ai Vad.
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) - bf eA : ae AG

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL
ARTHROPODA

PART IV. COLEOPTERA
_ FASC. 4. Pp. 217-248

PLATYPODIDAE AND SCOLYTIDAE
By C. F. C. BEESON, D.Sc.

WITH THIRTEEN TEXT-FIGURES

LONDON :
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSHUM

SOLD AT
THE Banets Muszum PN aay History), Cromwstn Roap, S.W.7

AND BY
B. Quasnons Lrp,; Durav & Co., Lrp.; Tas Oxyorp University Press; anp
WHELDON & Waekae, Lp,, Loxpon; auso By Oniver & Boyp, HDINBURGH
ae | 1929
Issued 22nd June, 1929.] [Price Two Shillings and Siapence

the land arthropod fauna of any group of islands in the South Pacific may be
expected to yield valuable results, in connection with distnbution, modification
due to isolation, and other problems, no such work is at present mm existence.
In order in some measure to. remedy this deficiency, and in view of benefits
directly accruing to the National Collections, the Trustees of the British

Terrestrial Arthropoda collected in the Samoan Islands, in 1924-1925, by
Messrs. P. A. Buxton and G. H. E. Hopkins, during the Expedition of the
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to the South Pacific.
Advantage has been taken of the opportunity thus afforded, to make the studies"
as complete as possible by including in them all Samoan material of the groups
concerned in both the British Museum (Natural History) and (by courtesy of
the authorities of that institution) the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Museum Staff or to any one nation, but, so far as possible, the assistance of the
leading authorities on all groups to be dealt with has been obtained.

are subdivided into “‘Fascicles.’ Each of the latter, which appear as ready
in any order, consists of one or more contributions. On the completion

and drawing from it such conclusions as may be warranted.

INSECTS OF SAMOA
AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL :
ARTHROPODA

Although a monograph, or series of papers, dealing comprehensively with

Museum have undertaken the publication of an account of the Insects and other __

It is not intended that contributors to the text shall be ea to the 4

The work is divided into eight “Parts” (see p. 3 of wrapper), which

of the work it is intended to issue a general survey, summarising the whole ~

A list of Fascicles already issued will be found on the back of this wrapper.

E. E. AUSTEN,
’ Keeper of Entomology.
British Museum (Naturat History),
CroMWELL Roan, S.W.7.

iNSEOMS OF SAMOA

Part IV. Fasc. 4

PLATYPODIDAE AND SCOLYTIDAE

By C. F. C. Brzson, D.Sc.
(With 13 Text-figures.)

Untix the present collection was examined scarcely anything was known of
the Platypodidae and Scolytidae of Samoa, and only three species have been
recorded from other islands in Polynesia. Friedrichs apparently took two
species of Scolytidae on Upolu, one of which (No. 20) has recently been described
by Eggers. The Scolytoid fauna of the Papuan region is also far more imper-
fectly known than that of the Oriental and Manchurian regions. While this
has facilitated the study of the material at Dehra Dun, without recourse to
more extensive collections than that of the Forest Research Institute,* it has
emphasised the contrast between presumed endemics and introduced species,
and has exaggerated the relationships of the Samoan fauna to that of the
Oriental region.

Thirty-six species are listed here, of which twenty-three are endemic and
thirteen are widely distributed. Of the endemic species, seventeen display
close affinities with species in the Oriental region, particularly in the Malayan
and Ceylonese subregions ; only one species finds its nearest relative in America ;
the remaining five do not possess features characteristic of any particular region.
Nine genera are represented, of which six are widespread and very rich in
species, two are restricted to the Papuan and Oriental regions and one was
previously known only as occurring in Ceylon. The Scolytoid beetles of the

* The determination of the Samoan collection was to have been undertaken by the late
Lt.-Col. F. Wynn Sampson, and it was in his hands at the time of his death in November, 1926,
but there is no record that any of the specimens were definitely identified by him.

Iv. 4 217 1

218 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Hawaiian Islands have three widespread species in common with Samoa,
but their endemics are quite distantly related.

The constitution of the bark-beetle (Scolytidae) and pin-hole borer
(Xyleborinae and Platypodidae) fauna of a country is directly dependent
on that of its arboreal flora, and on the events which have determined the
latter; hence the zoogeographical evidence provided by these beetles is of
more limited application than that obtainable from insects whose environment
is mainly soil or water. In the case of the pin-hole borers, migration between
the islands of an archipelago by means of floating trees is probably a normal
factor ; provided that a tree floats without rotation, the development of the
borers may continue for several months in the unsubmerged portion, and is not
affected by occasional wash from waves.

Species that may have been introduced to Samoa by human agency are,
e.g. Thamnurgides myristicae in nutmegs; Cryphalus mangiferae in mango
plants ; Xyleborus confusus in coconuts or rubber plants ; X. destruens in cocoa
plants and other trees; X. morigerus in mahogany and possibly in orchids ;
X. kraatzi, X. semigranosus, X. submarginatus, X. affinis, etc., in various soft-
woods. Other species of Xyleborus, as also Platypus cupulatus and P. solidus,
have reached Australian ports alive in Malayan timbers, and should also be
found in Samoa when the trade trends in that direction.

The holotypes of new species, unless otherwise stated, are in the British
Museum.

PLATYPODIDAE.

1. Crossotarsus externedentatus Fairm.

Platypus externedentatus Fairm., Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), u, p. 51 (3), 1850.
Crossotarsus externedentatus Chap., Monogr. Platyp., p. 81, fig. 20, 1865, 3, Q (lege 9, 3).
Crossotarsus externedentatus Murayama, JI. Coll. Agr. Sapporo, xv, p. 203, 1925.

Upolu: Apia, vui.1925 ; Malololelei, 25.iv., and v.1924, ex rotten trees.

Tutuila: Leone Road, 7.1x.1923, rotten bark (Swezey and Wilder) ;
24.11.1926 (Judd).

Recorded from Hawaii Is., Tahiti, Fiji Is., Formosa. The known food-
plants are Acacia koa on Oahu, Spondias sp. and Inocarpus sp. on Tahiti.
Murayama records the species from Carica papaya, Connamomum canvphora,
Cryptomeria japonica and Leucaena glauca in Formosa.

PLATYPODIDAE. 219

2. Platypus tetracerus, sp. n. (Text-fig. 1).

dg. Elongate, cylindrical, chestnut to piceous brown, with the head and
elytral apex black.

Front flattened to level of eyes and slightly elevated over antennal bases,
behind epistome smooth with a few piliferous punctures, elsewhere coarsely
rugose with large variolose punctures bearing stiff
recurved hairs; median line impressed opposite
base of eyes.

Pronotum quadrangular oblong, 1°55 x 1-1
mm., finely smooth, shining, very sparsely finely
punctate except in a dorsomedial strip; median
line impressed from near base to centre of pro-
notum, and bordered by an irregular series of about
30 to 35 minute deep pores.

Elytra 3-2 x 1-2 mm., sides very faintly con-
stricted just beyond base and before terminal
impression, hence appreciably widened towards
middle ; finely lineate-punctate, punctures elongate,
suture and Ist stria impressed throughout, 2nd to
5th striae impressed towards their bases; inter-
spaces flat, smooth, impunctate, glabrous, but at Temes 1 Place
a short distance from ante-apical edge coarsely tetracerus, sp.n.
multipunctate and pilose; posterior impression
crescentic, deeply sulcate, its vertical height (from sutural angle to dorsum)
one-fifth of its horizontal width, its dorsal edge carinate, interrupted at suture
and projecting on each side opposite 2nd interspace in a horizontal subtriangular
lobe, its lateral edge carinate, weakly serrate and continued to externoapical
angles of elytra, which are prolonged in a narrow process curving downwards
and inwards and obliquely truncate on inner edge at apex ; fundus of impres-
sion brilliant, impunctate and concave to extreme ends of externo-apical pro-
cesses; base (t.e. apical edge of elytra) of terminal emargination weakly
incised at sutural angle, transverse, and curving into sides (?.e. inner edge of
externo-apical process) in a different plane at less than a right angle ; vestiture
of short, stiff hairs, subseriate on interspaces just before posterior impression,
onedges of the four processes, and along lateral margins of elytra in apical third.

220 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Last abdominal segment deeply concave, rugose-punctate.

° unknown. 3

Length: 5-2 mm. (head to tip of process).

Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 ft., 18, 25.iv.1925, 23.xi.1924 (holotype).

All the four paratypes are without heads (paratype in Bishop Museum,
Honolulu).

A member of the oriental group of Platypi cupulati, distinguished by the
development of two dorsal accessory processes at the terminal impression.

SCOLYTIDAE.

3. Hylesinus philippimensis Eggers.
Zool. Meded., Leiden, vii, p. 137, 1923.

Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 ft., vii., and 30.x1.1924 (2 9).

Known to occur in Java, the Philippine Is., New Guinea, Key Is., Fergusson
Is. ; breeds like its allies in the bark of species of Ficus, 1ts host in the Philippines
being Ficus benguetensis.

4. Hylesinus crassus, sp. n.

Piceous black, with yellow vestiture.

¢o. Front deeply impressed below eyes, sides elevated and carinate over
antennal bases; epistome straight, median line impunctate, shining; sides of
impression rugose-punctate, with a sparse vestiture of short, stiff setae; upper
level of eyes to vertex convex and closely rugulose-punctate.

Pronotum plano-convex, about 1-3 times as wide as long, sides uniformly
curved from base to apex, without anterior constriction, but broadly transversely
depressed in anterior third; surface coarsely reticulate-punctate, walls of
punctures narrow, carinate and confluent, but somewhat asperate towards
sides ; median line carinate for a short distance ; apex with marginal asperities
compressed into a feeble carina, anterior angle with three or four large recurved
asperities, lateral margin without recurved asperities ; vestiture of short, stiff,
lanceolate, semi-erect setae, interspersed with a few, shorter, finer ones.

Elytra twice as long as pronotum, and 1°3 times as long as wide, sli ghtly
divergent to beyond middle and then curved and strongly narrowed to apex,
base carinate-tuberculate ; striae deep, with strong, round punctures ; 1 nter-
spaces not carinate nor appreciably convex, rather wider than striae, 2nd and

SCOLYTIDAE. 221

3rd wider than others dorsally, tuberculate irregularly but not transversely on
dorsum and more evidently uniseriate at sides and declivity, tubercles small
and round; ground-vestiture of minute, appressed setae, with larger, erect,
lanceolate setae, for most part uniseriate, but irregular on basal half of first 3
or 4 interspaces.

Declivity with interspaces 4 to 6 and 8 shortened, 2, 3, and 7 less so, 9
carinate and joined with 1.

9° unknown.

Length : 2-2 mm.

Upolu: Vailima, 13.ix.1925 (holotype).

Samoa: ii.—vi.1921 (O’Connor), 1 paratype (damaged).

Alhed to H. subcostatus Eggers (Sumatra; Philippine Is.) in the elytral
sculpture, but that species has the pronotal punctuation moderate and shallow,
the apical margin laterally with only granules, and the whole lateral margin
with strong tubercles.

The interspacial setae of H. philippinensis Eggers are shorter and obtuse,
and the tuberculation is definitely transverse in the basal half of the elytra.
The frontal impression is similar to that of the g of H. javanus Eggers.

5. Hylesinus pacificus, sp. n. (Text-fig. 2).

Brownish-black, with lower half of front, anterior region of pronotum and
under surface dark ferruginous, with vestiture yellow and fuscous in ill-defined
patches.

Front flattened, feebly transversely impressed in middle, produced laterally
in a smooth callus over antennal bases, rugose-granulate between epistome and
upper level of eyes, with a vestiture of fine, short, recumbent hairs; vertex
convex, dull, finely alutaceous with weak punctures, glabrous ; eyes emarginate
to a depth of 2 facets.

Pronotum about 1-4 times as broad as long, base subtransverse, feebly
bisinuate, obtusely produced opposite scutellum (much less so than in laticollis
group), basal angles obtuse, sides curved and widest in posterior quarter, rather
strongly narrowed to apical margin, which is broadly arcuate and bears a few
weak granules, anterior angle with three large recurved asperities, sides without
marginal asperities ; anterior quarter transversely depressed, rugose-granulate,
lateral region closely asperate, asperities obsolete before actual margin, dorso-

222 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

medial and postero-medial regions closely but not deeply rugose, rugae with a
tendency to run parallel to elevated median line ; no oblique basal impression ;
vestiture of short, stout, recumbent hairs, most evident laterally where they
are directed caudad, and on either side of median line where they are directed
transversely, elsewhere very sparse.

Elytra broader than pronotum at base, 2-1 times as long as pronotum and
1:4 times as long as their width in middle ; above plano-convex, declivity more
steeply convex ; base tuberculate but not elevated, sides very broadly arcuate,
apex narrowly rounded and slightly constricted ; striae narrow, impressed, with

Text-ric. 2.—Hylesinus pacificus, sp. 0. Dorsal and lateral.

punctures close, incised; interspaces flat towards base, becoming narrower
and convex towards declivity, obscurely tuberculate, tubercles small, irregularly
three or four deep, feebly transverse towards basal margin, and rounder in
apical two-thirds of elytra, becoming uniseriate on declivity ; sutural interspace
rugose (not tuberculate) in basal half; declivity with none of interspaces
depressed, and 1st to 8rd joined with 9th; vestiture of short, stout, recumbent
hairs, similar to those of pronotum, with six to nine hairs across interspace ;
on declivity these become smaller and squamiform, with one median series
longer, setiform and elevated.

Abdomen convex longitudinally, but less so than declivity, sternites finely
pubescent, last coarsely punctate.

Anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 as broad as long, 3 bilobed and fringed beneath.

Length: 3-2 mm.

SCOLYTIDAH. 223

Savaii: Salailua, 22.v.1924 (Bryan) (1 specimen).

(Holotype in Bishop Museum, Honolulu.)

Distinct, owing to its sculpture and the proportions of the pronotum, from
all species described from material from adjoining regions.

6. Scolytomimus maculatus, sp. n. (Text-figs. 3 and 4).

Testaceous or stramineous, with head, a patch on anterior half of pronotum
limited behind by irregular lobes, basal quarter, lateral margin and a postmedian
transverse band, from 3rd interspace to lateral band of each elytron, and meta-
pleurum fuscous or black ; surface dull, finely coriaceous.

Front convex, strongly, closely rugose-punctate, each puncture with a fine,
minute, appressed hair; vertex and behind eyes
brilliant, impunctate ; impressed behind epi-
stome, which is fringed with long yellow hairs ;
eyes deeply emarginate, lower portion larger.
Antenna with funicle 6-jointed, joints 3 to 6
transverse, subequal ; club compressed, spongy,
oval, 14 times as long as wide, with an
oblique septum starting near base on each
side and not meeting in middle.

Text-ric. 4.—Scolytomimus
Text-FiG. 3.—Scolytomimus macu- maculatus, sp. n.
latus, sp. n. Dorsal. Abdominal sternites.

Pronotum transverse, semiorbicular, strongly convex-gibbous, base margined.
and weakly bisinuate, basal angles (from side) obtuse, marginal carina not
reaching middle of sides, apical edge with two large recurved teeth in middle

224 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

behind which are open rows of recurved, subtriangular asperities, becoming
smaller, closer, and more numerous towards highest elevation and passing into
large, round, shallow, punctures behind middle and towards sides; vestiture
of scarcely visible, fine, appressed hairs longer on apical margin. Scutellum very
large, subtriangular.

Elytra subquadrate, 1} times as long as pronotum, sides parallel for about
four-fifths and thence oblique and slightly sinuate to sutural angle, above
depressed, weakly plano-convex from scutellum to apex; striate-punctate ;
punctures large, close, impressed and laterally somewhat quadrate ; interspaces
wider than striae, flat, slightly elevated towards apices (appearing convex in
immature individuals), irregularly biseriate-punctate, 4th, 6th and 8th a little
narrower and almost uniseriate-punctate, 9th elevated and continued as a
carina to sutural angle, leaving a sulcus between it and apical edge of elytron.

Abdomen strongly ascending, last three segments coarsely punctate and
transversely impressed, posterior margins of 2nd, 38rd and 4th carimate and
armed with a series of isolated acute denticules (as in text-figure); sides and
apex of 5th segment carinate, without teeth.

Length: 1-6 to 1-8 mm.

Upolu: Apia, xii.1924; Vailima, 1.1925 (holotype), 24.v.1924 ; Malololelei,
1v.1924.

Tutuila : Leone Road, 24.11.1926 (Judd), 7.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

(Paratypes in Bishop Museum, Honolulu.)

Differs from the only other species in this genus, S. dilutus Bldfd. (Ceylon)

in the abdominal armature.

7. Cryphalus samoensis, sp. n. (Text-fig. 5).

Broadly oval, fuscous-testaceous.

$. Head with epistome arcuately emarginate.

Front convex, moderately shining, with a few small punctures, slightly
elevated in middle in a brilliantly shining boss (which in case of type shows
blue opalescence), posterior half of front deeply impressed, with a transverse
shining rounded carina forming its anterior margin.

Prothorax very slightly broader than long (x 1-1), base transverse, very
feebly sinuate, margined, sides rounded in basal half and strongly narrowed
from middle to apex, which bears four prominent, contiguous asperities, with

SCOLYTIDAE. 225

one less evident on either side ; pronotal asperities (as in figure) covering about
four-fifths (which is strongly declivous), fairly uniform in size, remote, inter-
spersed with minute granules, basal border and sides granulate, and near basal
angle coriaceous, dull; basal angles—seen from side—rounded and margined.

Elytra shining, about a fifth longer than broad ; scutellum minute ; bases
separately rounded ; sides subparallel to posterior
third, thence rounded to apex ; slightly flattened
and rugose along suture at base, rather steeply
declivous at apex; distinctly striate-punctate,
striae feebly impressed, their punctures circular
and distant by about diameter width; inter-
spaces smooth, weakly rugulose, punctate at bases,
with a ground-vestiture of minute scales, multi-
seriate, and a single series of erect dark setae,
which are much shorter, and broadened and
decumbent on declivity (figure shows portion of
dorsal interspace and striae, and one seta from
declivity) ; interspaces on declivity convex and
narrowed in upper part, but flattening out before elytral margin, without
granules or tubercles.

Length : 1-5 x 0-75 mm.

2. Front convex, impressed and tuberculate-punctate behind epistome on
either side of a short median carina, which expands into a broad shining im-
punctate area in middle of front; rest very finely coriaceous, with scattered
punctures.

Prothorax semioval, very slightly broader than long (x 1-1), less con-
stricted anteriorly than in J, sides gradually rounded and narrowed into apical
margin, which bears four distinct asperities, with two more obsolete on either
side ; patch of pronotal asperities less strongly declivous than in 3, asperities
occasionally contiguous; declivity rather less steep than in g, and 3rd inter-
space still elevated at apical margin.

Length: 1-5 x 0-75 mm.

Upolu: Malololelei, v.1924, from rotten trees. Holotype 3 and allotype 9,
same data. A third specimen, crushed, with same data.

Allied to C. mops Eichh. (Guadeloupe) and C. submuricatus Eichh. (Burma) ;
the prothorax of the former is described as ovate, slightly constricted at the

Text-FIG. 5.—Cryphalus samoen-
sis, sp.n. , and elytral details.

226 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

base, and the sutural stria as uniformly impressed from base to apex ; the latter
species has the interspaces “‘ submuricate-scrobiculate ” at the bases, and “ sub-
tuberculate ” towards the apices. Probably assignable to Hricryphalus Hopk.

8. Cryphalus sp. n.

An oblong-oval testaceous species with thorax 1-2 times as broad as long,
not constricted, apical margin with four teeth, basal angles (from side) rounded.
Klytra cylindrical, parallel-sided, 1-3 times as long as broad, and 1-7 times
as long as prothorax ; striae not evident; interspaces with ground-vestiture
of small scales and a series of short, fine, erect setae, which are broadened or
squamiform on declivity.

Length: 1-05 mm.

Legs, antennae and front concealed. One specimen immature.
Apparently allied to C. minimus Eggers (Philippine Is.).

Sava: Safune, 14.vi.1924 (Bryan).

9. Cryphalus sp.

Apparently a true Cryphalus with 4-jointed funicle, emarginate 3rd tarsal
joint, and interspatial setae long.

One specimen, crushed, about 1-4 mm. long.

Tutuila: Afono Trail, 25.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

10. Cryphalus (Hypocryphalus) mangiferae Stebb.
Cryphalus (Hypothenemus) mangiferae Stebb., Indian Forest Insects, p. 542, fig. 349, 1914.
Dacryphalus (Cryphalus) mangiferae Hopk., Bull. Entom. Res., xviii, p. 28, 1927.

Upolu: Apia, vii.1924, from mango, a series.

This beetle occurs in mango bark in India and Burma, and was first collected
at Dehra Dun in 1902; but no specimens have been recorded from the Malay
Region, where it must undoubtedly accompany Mangifera indica. Sampson
assigned this species to Dacryphalus Hopk. for reasons that are not evident, as
its antennal characters agree better with those of Hypocryphalus Hopk.

SCOLYTIDAH. 227

11. Cryphalus (Hypocryphalus) basihirtus, sp. n. (Text.-fig 6).

Brown, sides, under-surface and head infuscate.

Front flattened, moderately shining, very finely aciculate-granulate, with
sharply carinate median line ; vestiture sparse, of long, fine, erect hairs.

Antennal funicle 5-jointed, sutures of club straight. Pronotum semiovate,
slightly broader than long, margined along transverse base and half-way up
sides, which are subparallel in basal third, and
gradually curved and narrowed to apex; apical
margin with two large, median, recurved asperities,
flanked by three or four much smaller ones; anterior
area with asperities small, flattened, sparse, and
irregular, interspersed with small granules, and be-
coming smaller laterally and posteriorly, and passing
without definite demarcation into sculpture of rest
of pronotum, which consists of small, obtuse granules,
that flatten out and disappear towards basal angles ;
latter (seen from side) are broadly rounded ; vestiture
of long, upstanding hairs on lateral and apical
margins, and of fine recumbent hairs on granu-
late area.

Klytra as long as broad and as long as pro-
notum, sides subparallel to posterior third, apex
uniformly arcuate, dorsum plano-convex and passing
insensibly into gentle curve of declivity ; carinate-
marginate between raised humerus and basal angle,
and along lateral edge, becoming retuse-sulcate along

7 eu . , Text-FIGa. 6.—Cryphalus
apical edge; suture flush with general surface Hapoerypiials) basins,
throughout ; sculpture finely rugulose except near sp.n. Dorsal.
basal angle, where it is subgranulate, otherwise whole
surface flat, very finely, irregularly punctate, at about four to five punctures
across interspatial width ; striae scarcely traceable except by slightly larger, uni-
seriate punctures ; vestiture consisting of (a) ground-pubescence of narrow, minute,
grey, appressed scales arising from the punctures; these are replaced by very
fine, short, semi-erect hairs in basal quarter and along lateral border ; (6) slightly
longer, dark, erect, setiform hairs in a single series on each interspace.

Zi.

GF.

\\

YY
Ne

228 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Anterior tarsus with 3rd joint stout, tordate and: fringed with long barbed
hairs.

Length: 2-4 mm.

Upolu: Malololelei, iv.1924 (2 specimens).

Distinguished from other members of the group Cryphalus (s.l.) by the
pronotal sculpture and peculiar elytral vestiture.

12. Thamnurgides myristicae Roepke.
Roepke, Treubia, 1, p. 23, f. 1-7, 1919.

Upolu: Malololelei, 24.11.1924 (1 specimen).

Tutuila: Fagasa, 9.ix.1923, nutmeg tree (Swezey and Wilder) : a series.

Recorded from Salatiga, Java, as breeding in fallen nutmegs. I have
seen specimens from Ceylon, Penang, and Sumatra.

Roepke describes the prothorax as “ganz gleichmassig fein, dicht und
seicht punktiert, die Punktierung nur in vorderem Region ein wenig grésser ”’ ;
the pronotal surface is, however, covered uniformly and fairly closely with small
rounded granules except on the median line basally, which is punctate ; inter-
spersed, particularly in the anterior third, are a few much larger granules.

Thamnurgides sundaensis Kggers (1923) is not separable from 7’. myristicae
by the description.

13. Thamnurgides vulgaris Eggers.

Dendrurgus vulgaris Eggers, Zool. Meded., Leiden, vii, p. 151, 1923.

Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 ft., 30.xi1.1924 (1 specimen).
Tutuila: Fagasa, 9.ix.1925, rotten bark (Swezey and Wilder), 1 specimen.
Ranges from Tenasserim to New Guinea.

14. Thamnurgides setosus, sp. n.

Testaceous to chestnut-brown, with thorax darker, shining. Front with
fine carinulae diverging from middle of epistome, median line elevated to beyond
upper level of eyes, and laterally a few punctures; vestiture sparse, of fine,
short, recumbent hairs, and very long, erect ones.

Pronotum about as long as broad in middle (0:65 mm.), base transverse,
not evidently margined, basal angles obtuse, sides divergent and margined to
just behind middle, thence curved and strongly narrowed to apex, which is
transverse and separately curved ; plano-convex, smooth, shining, with sparse

SCOLYTIDAE. 229

punctures interspersed with granulate punctures, latter piliferous, hairs at sides
of prothorax much longer than those on elytra.

Klytra wider than pronotum at base (about 0-7 mm.), and 1-6 to 1-7 times
as long as pronotum, sides parallel to behind middle and then narrowed and
broadly rounded to apex, which is slightly extended downwards; above
cylindrical, gently declivous in a uniform convexity from about middle, declivity
not flattened, suture not raised, and the two or three striae very weakly im-
pressed towards their apices. Striae regular, with large close punctures, not
impressed, without strial hairs. Interspaces flat, narrow, finely uniseriate-
punctate (or at most very weakly granulate-punctate), punctures about two-
thirds as numerous as those of striae ; interspatial vestiture consisting of long,
fine, erect hairs laterally and near base, and changing gradually into thicker
setae with widened ends on and above declivity.

Anterior tibia with four teeth (in addition to apical spur).

Length: 1-55 to 1-6 mm.

Tutuila: Fagasa, 9.1x.1923, rotten bark (Swezey and Wilder), a short
series. (Paratypes in Bishop Museum, Honolulu.)

Closely allied to (and possibly identical with) 7. persicae Hopk. (the geno-
type) and T. minor Hegers, of which I have seen only the descriptions. T.
persicae, which was found in Honolulu in imported peach trees, is described
as having the pronotum “faintly and sparsely punctured but without
rugosities,” and 7’. minor (Java and New Guinea) has “ Punktkérnchen ”’ present
only on the front of the pronotum. Both are said to have hairs, instead of setae
with evidently widened subspatulate ends, on the declivity.

15. Thamnurgides tutuilensis, sp. n.

Testaceous to ferruginous brown.

Front with fine irregular carimulae diverging from middle of epistome, and
breaking up into elongate granules and punctures ; median line carinate below,
smooth and elevated nearly to vertex, which is brilliant and almost impunctate ;
vestiture sparse, of long, erect hairs, with a few short, recumbent ones.

Pronotum plano-convex, as broad as long (of same outline as in 7.
philuppinensis), smooth, shining, with granulate punctures scattered remotely
over entire surface, granules variable in size, weak along anterior border, and
bearing fine erect hairs of variable length ; basal angles obtusely rounded and

230 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

margined ; sides margined to middle, broadly curved, much narrowed in apical
half ; apex curved, less transverse and wider than in 7. setosus.

Elytra slightly wider than, and 1-6 times as long as, pronotum, not quite
1-5 times as long as wide, subparallel to behind middle, thence broadly curved
to apex, cylindrical to well beyond middle; declivity rather steeply convex,
not flattened ; regularly striate-punctate, punctures large, fairly close, without
hairs, striae weakly impressed and more evidently so on declivity ; interspaces
flat, subrugulose, uniformly uniseriate granulate, granules minute, bearing long,
fine, erect hairs from base to apex, distant (as in T. phalippinensis) at rate of
about 7 granules to 9 or 10 strial punctures on dorsum, and closer on declivity.

Anterior tibia with four teeth (not including apical spur).

Length: 1-85 to 2:05 mm.

Tutuila: Fagasa, 9.1x.1923, rotten bark (Swezey and Wilder): a short
series. (Paratypes in Bishop Museum, Honolulu.)

Closely allied to T. philippinensis Eggers (Luzon; New Guinea), but
relatively narrower, the pronotum more depressed and less closely granulate
(approaching the sculpture of 7. ternatensis Eggers: Sumatra, Ternate), the
declivity more convex and less abrupt.

16. Thamnurgides cyperi, sp. n.

Varying from wholly ferrugimous to thorax black, elytra and under surface
dark chestnut, legs light brown.

Front with numerous fine, divergent carinulae extending from epistome to
beyond eyes, median line a strong carina beginning shortly behind epistome
and broadening ; sparse vestiture of long, erect, and short, recumbent hairs.

Pronotum as long as broad, plano-convex, broadly oval, with highest
elevation just before base, which thus appears transversely depressed ; basal
angles obtusely rounded, base not evidently margined (in mature individuals
finely rugulose), sides margined in basal third and curved from base to apex,
slightly narrowed apically but not produced ; anteriorly with close (but not
contiguous) coarse, subtriangular asperities, which become narrower and more
elongate towards sides, and smaller and flatter, interspersed with granulate
punctures in basal third; a smooth, impunctate median line from near base
to middle ; vestiture of long, erect and short, recumbent hairs intermixed.

Klytra slightly broader than, and 1-6 times as long as pronotum, 1-5 times

SCOLYTIDAE. 231

as long as broad, cylindrical, sides parallel to apical third, thence broadly curved ;
apex slightly acuminate ; strial punctures small, shallow, distant by more than
a diameter, without hairs, interspaces flat, uniformly uniseriate-granulate,
granules distant at 10 to 14 or 15 strial punctures, bearing long, erect, stout,
yellow hairs ; above flat to well behind middle, thence convex, declivity rather
steep, not flattened, with first stria evidently impressed, 2nd less so and punctures
rather larger and deeper than dorsally.

Anterior tibia with four teeth (in addition to apical spur).

Length: 1-95 to 2:25 mm.

Upolu: Apia, 13.1x.1923, on sedge (Swezey and Wilder): a short series.
(Paratypes in Bishop Museum, Honolulu.)

Distinguished from other species of Thamnurgides by the development of
the asperities on the pronotum, which recall those in some Dryocoetes.

17. Pelicerus brevior Eggers.
Philipp. Journ. Sct., xxxiii, p. 86, 1927.

Upolu: Apia, ii., x1., x1.1924; Vailima, 3.vi.1924 (both sexes),

Described from specimens from Masbate, Luzon, and Mindanao,
Philippine Is.

The form of the prothorax, which is about 1-1 times as long as broad, varies
from parallel-sided to narrowed from the base ; as regards the ratio between the
length and the breadth of the prothorax, the cotypes before me also differ from

the original description. The frontal and epistomal hairs of the male are finely
barbed.

18. Pelicerus granulifer, sp. n.

Ferruginous brown, shining, cylindrical.

Q. Front feebly convex, shining, moderately strongly punctate, with sparse,
long, erect hairs.

Pronotum very little (1-06) longer than broad, narrowed and rounded from
well behind middle, anterior half with flat asperities, becoming obsolete in
posterior half, which is strongly punctate, punctures on dorsum and sides
subtriangular, and towards basal angles sub-circular ; no middle line.

Elytra as broad as and 1-5 times as long as pronotum, cylindrical, sides
parallel and very broadly rounded in apical quarter; declivity steep, convex

232 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

above and somewhat flattened in lower two-thirds, lateral and apical margins
rounded, not carmate, and without tubercles ; strial punctures close, moderately
large, those in Ist stria larger, Ist stria impressed throughout ; interspaces
narrow, not quite flat, Ist and 2nd from near middle, 3rd and 4th from further
behind middle with alternate or third punctures larger, subgranulate, all four
interspaces with evident granules before top of declivity; all interspaces on
declivity with a series of small tubercles, Ist and 2nd with a tubercle at site of
every second or third puncture, 3rd and 4th with tubercles smaller and closer ;
all striae impressed on declivity, and sutural interspace raised.

Vestiture of long stiff hairs from tubercles and subgranulate punctures, and
of microscopic cross-hairs in strial punctures.

3 unknown.

Length : 2-1 to 2-3 mm.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 0 to 300 ft., iv.1918 (Kellers), 3 specimens. (Para-
type in Bishop Museum, Honolulu.)

Of the three species described from specimens from New Guinea, P. orientalis
Eggers and P. papuanus Eggers are distinguishable by the proportions of the
prothorax and elytra, and by the sharply marked apical margin of the elytra ;
P. minor Eggers is distinguished by its size and by its convex declivity.

19. Pelicerus (2) grandis, sp. n.

Front flat, shining, with close, fine punctures, sparser towards middle line,
bearing erect yellow hairs, short in middle of front, but much longer and minutely
barbed at sides, each hair dilated at base and lying flat on frontal surface before
turning abruptly perpendicular to it, producing effect of a squamose ground-
pubescence ; epistome emarginate in middle, with a fringe of long, yellow,
minutely barbed hairs. Antenna with 5-jointed funicle, and club compressed,
circular, its anterior face almost wholly pubescent except for basal corneous
area, which is limited by a procurved suture scarcely reaching one-third of
diameter, its posterior face with corneous area occupying more than two-thirds,
limited by a broadly procurved, pubescent suture near apical margin.

Pronotum as broad as long (1-8 mm.), base broadly arcuate, basal angles
rounded, sides converging and nearly straight to anterior third, then broadly
curved and narrowed to apex ; anteriorly and laterally to beyond middle, with
low asperities without evident punctures, medio-dorsally with asperities flattened

SCOLYTIDAE. 233

out and imbricate, not concealing punctures, posterior region more evidently
punctate except along basal border, which is irregularly rugose-asperate ; median
line faint; vestiture of scattered, erect hairs and an almost invisible sparse
ground-pubescence.

Elytra as broad as pronotum at base, and 1-6 times as long as pronotum,
cylindrical as far as apical sixth and then very broadly rounded; declivity
steep, flattened, with 2nd and 8rd interspaces depressed, Ist widened and
elevated towards apex ; striae almost as wide as interspaces, all rather strongly
and uniformly impressed, punctures very large, round and moderately deep,
distant by a third of diameter or less; interspaces flat, smooth, rather closely
and finely punctate (punctures very much smaller than those of striae), 7th
towards declivity, 5th and 3rd confusedly punctate (in places irregularly biseriate),
rest uniseriate-punctate, and 2nd from about middle and Ist from near base
with every 3rd or 4th puncture replaced by a weak granule ; all interspaces
from top of declivity to apical margin with a series of small tubercles, closer
(every other puncture) in upper part of declivity ; vestiture—granules, tubercles,
all interspaces before declivity, 9th and 10th wholly, with erect stiff, yellow hairs.

Length: 4:7 mm.

Upolu: Malololelei, 24.11. (holotype) and 14-30.vi.1924 (1 paratype).

In spite of its deceptive resemblance to a large Dryocoetes, this species is
excluded by its antennal characters from any of the sections of that genus

defined by Hopkins.

20. Dryocoetes samoanus Hggers.
Ent. Blatt., xxiv, p. 174, 1928.
Apia: (Friedrichs).
Not represented in the present collection.

21. Xyleborus morigerus Bldfd. ?

Xyleborus morigerus Bldfd., Insect Life, vi, p. 260, 1894.
Xyleborus coffeae Wurth., Meded. v. h. allgem. Proefst. op Java (2), no. 3, pp. 63-78, 1908.
Xylosandrus morigerus Reitt., Bestimm.-tab. Eur. Scol., p. 84, 1913.

One specimen (much crushed) from Upolu: Malololelei, v., appears to belong
to this species.

Iv. 4 2

234 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

X. morigerus was first described from specimens imported in New Guinea
orchids, and has since been found in Vienna, Rome, Marseilles, and England.

In the East it is known to occur in Ceylon, Java, Philippines, and New
Guinea, as a borer in the shoots of coffee, cocoa, Crotolaria anagyroides, Leucaena
glauca, Swietenra mahagon, S. macrophylla, Tectona grandis, and Tephrosia.

22. Xyleborus swezeyi, sp. n. (Text.-fig. 7).
Dark chestnut, appearing almost glabrous.
Q. Front rugose-punctate immediately behind epistome, rest concealed.
Pronotum globose, as broad as long, moderately shining, with a coriaceous
surface, base transverse, basal angles rounded, sides very feebly arcuate, apical

TExt-Fic. 7.—Xyleborus swezeyt, sp. n. @, dorsal and declivity.

margin uniformly arcuate, but slightly produced in middle owing to asperities of
extreme edge coalescing into a carina, behind which is a marginal sulcus ; anterior
asperities low, wide, fairly dense, becoming smaller at middle and beyond,
and becoming flattened subimbricate rugae posteriorly ; postero-lateral area
smooth, sparsely punctate; basal border narrowly punctate; vestiture of
long hairs at sides, and inconspicuous recumbent hairs among asperities.
Scutellum semi-oval.

Klytra 1-5 times as long as pronotum, rather depressed, plano-convex from
scutellum to middle of dorsum, sides very slightly divergent to behind middle,

SCOLYTIDAE. 239

thence narrowed and feebly constricted before apex, which is transverse ;
declivity oblique, beginning well behind middle, flattened in lower part as far
as 4th stria, declivital margin at apex and to half-way up sides distinctly acute,
elsewhere rounded into sides and dorsum of elytra; striae with large, some-
what impressed punctures, sutural stria more impressed throughout; inter-
spaces flat, smooth, with much smaller and weaker punctures, those of Ist
interspace still finer and closer, all rather irregularly uniseriate and then
irregularly multiseriate just before declivity, except 5th, which is irregularly
biseriate from base and uniseriate before declivity ; on face of declivity all
interspaces flat, rugulose and very finely, irregularly punctate ; strial punctures
as large as on dorsum.

Length : 3-2 to 3-3 mm.

¢ unknown.

Tutuila: Fagasa, 9.ix.1923, rotten bark (Swezey and Wilder), 2 specimens.

(Holotype in Bishop Museum, Honolulu.)

Allied to X. insulindicus Eggers (New Guinea), and X. similis Wiggers
(Philippine Is.), but differing in punctuation and the form of the declivity.

23. Xyleborus wilderi, sp. n.

®. Cylindrical, robust, declivity oblique and tuberculate, ferruginous-
brown to piceous-brown.

Front convex, elevated in middle and feebly transversely impressed at level
of upper margins of eyes, coriaceous, moderately shining, with numerous large
and small rugulose punctures.

Pronotum about 14 times as long as broad, base transverse, basal angles
obtusely rounded, sides parallel to well before middle, apex narrowly rounded,
rising steeply in apical third, which is covered closely with triangular asperities,
these prominent on apical margin, ceasing before middle and not extending
laterally, remaining part (nearly two-thirds) cylindrical, its surface moderately
shining, faintly coriaceous, fairly closely punctate, punctures large, interspersed
with much smaller ones; median line not evident.

Elytra 13 times as long as prothorax, parallel-sided and cylindrical for
about two-thirds of their length, then curved to broadly rounded apex, declivity
oblique and flattened ; regularly striate-punctate throughout, punctures round,
incised, distant by about their diameters, 1st and 2nd striae impressed, 3rd more

236 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

feebly and rest scarcely perceptibly ; interspaces shining, subrugulose, more
finely and nearly as abundantly punctate as striae, dorsal ones subconvex, 3rd,
2nd, and Ist for increasing distances from declivital margin with alternate
punctures replaced by granules.

Declivity oblique, flattened, its dorsal and lateral boundaries rounded,
apical margin carinate; sutural interspace flat, smooth, shining, depressed
before beginning of declivity, slightly broadened and elevated on declivity, its
alternate punctures minutely granulate ; 1st stria impressed except near apex ;
2nd interspace elevated in its upper part, much widened from beginning of
declivity and narrowed rapidly at apex, with three sharp conical tubercles of
variable relative size, 1st situated at summit of declivity, 3rd half-way down and
2nd nearer Ist, rest of interspace with one or two minute granules (V.B.—In one
paratype the Ist tubercle is feebly developed, in the other paratype the Ist is
reduced to a granule, and there is an additional tubercle between the 2nd and
3rd); 3rd stria and 3rd interspace strongly curved outwards, latter narrow,
with three or four small tubercles.

Pilosity : sides and apical half of prothorax, large punctures of basal half,
interspatial punctures and tubercles throughout with pale erect hairs, longer
on lateral and declivital areas than on dorsum.

Length: 2°75 mm.

3 unknown.

Tutuila: Fagasa, 9.1x.1923, rotten bark; Pago Pago, 9.1x.1923 (Swezey
and Wilder), 3 specimens. (Paratype in Bishop Museum, Honolulu.)

A somewhat isolated species, distinguished by the widened and tuber-
culate 2nd interspace. In the form of the elytra and the declivity it
approaches X. asperatus Bldfd. (Ceylon), which has a quite different type of
pronotum.

24. Xyleborus semigranosus Bldfd.

Xyleborus semigranosus Bldfd., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 211, 1896.
Dryocoetes bengalensis Stebb., Ind. For. Mem., Zool., I, i, p. 12, 1908.
Xyleborus mascarenus Haged., Deutsche ent. Zeitschr., Jahrg. 1908, p. 379, 1908.
Upolu: Apia; Vailima, 1.1925 (2 specimens).
Previously known to occur in East Africa, Seychelles, Mauritius, Ceylon,
India, Burma, Sumatra, Mentawei, Java. Imported into Paris in tobacco
bales from Sumatra; in India it breeds in several species of trees, including

exotics.

SCOLYTIDAE. 237

25. Xyleborus samoensis, sp. n. (Text-fig. 8).

2. Dark piceous brown to black.

Front subconvex, very finely coriaceous, narrowly impressed behind
epistome on each side of a short median line, expanding in centre into a smooth,
shining space; a few piliferous punc-
tures of irregular size in oral third.

Pronotum oblong-quadrangular (as
in X. indicus Eichh.), 1-2 times as long
as broad, basal angles obtusely rounded,
sides almost straight, apical margin trans-
verse, apical angles broadly rounded ;
above slightly convex, anterior asperities
obsolete before strong central umbo-
nation, postero-dorsally and most of
sides subnitid, faintly coriaceous, with
minute, scarcely visible punctulation.

Elytra 1-5 to 1-6 times as long as
pronotum, sides straight to beyond
middle, thence feebly narrowed, and in
apical fifth abruptly inflexed, apical
margin subsinuate;_ striate-punctate,
punctures uniform, close, dorsal striae
distinctly impressed except at base ; interspaces flat, shining, in basal half remotely
punctate (at 6th to 8th strial punctures), towards declivity punctures closer,
becoming granules; weakly convex from elytral base to summit of declivity,
which is oblique and begins in apical fourth, flattened in a broad-oval, its apico-
lateral margin acute between 2nd and 7th interspaces ; on declivital face, 1st
interspace elevated throughout and gradually widened to apex, serio-granulate,
2nd flat and granulate, but raised at extreme apex in conjunction with Ist,
3rd granulate, subconvex externally owing to impressed 3rd stria, 4th to 7th
confluent and raised, forming margin of declivity.

All interspatial punctures and granules with short stiff hairs.

Length: 2-45 to 2-5 mm.

¢ unknown.

Samoa: 1920 (Swale) ; holotype.

Text-Fic. 8.—Xyleborus samoensis, sp. n.
Q, dorsal and declivity.

238 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Upolu: Leulomoega, 14.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Savail: Salailua, 21.v.1924 (Bryan).

One specimen from each locality.

(Paratype in Bishop Museum, Honolulu.)

Allied to X. indicus Hichh. (KH. Africa to New Guinea), from which it 1s
distinguishable by the impressed striae and the structure of the declivity.

26. Xyleborus bicolor, Bldfd. unimodus, subsp. n.

Q. Cylindrical, shining, dark brown or somewhat piceous, almost glabrous.

Front finely reticulate, dull, with a few large punctures near each eye, and
over middle of epistome.

Pronotum nearly 1-2 times as long as broad, base transverse, basal angles
obtusely rounded, sides very feebly arcuate, and divergent to well in front of
middle, apex subacuminately rounded; anterior region closely asperate and
declivous from just in front of centre, posterior surface somewhat depressed,
shining, smooth, sparsely and exceedingly finely punctulate ; median line not
evident. Scutellum rounded, shining.

Klytra as wide as pronotum at base, and 1-5 times as long as pronotum,
basal angles subrectilinear, sides parallel for three-fourths of length, apex
circularly rounded and slightly emarginate at sutural angle (less so than in
X. laevis), apicolateral margin of declivity acutely retuse-carinate; above
slightly depressed in basal half, declivous from about middle in a gentle con-
vexity, slope of apical portion of declivity more oblique than in typical X. bicolor ;
finely lineate-punctate, interspaces flat, with much smaller and finer punctures
in a remote series ; on declivity interspaces one and three elevated, 1st with five
or six fine piliferous tubercles, 3rd with same number smaller, 5th with fewer ;
strial punctures large and strong, obliterating 2nd and 4th interspaces.

3 unknown.

Length: 1-9 to 1:95 mm.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 21.ix.1923, rotten bark (Swezey and Wilder), 4
specimens.

(Paratypes in Bishop Museum, Honolulu.)

Closely resembling specimens from Assam and Bengal, identified by the late
Lt.-Col. Sampson as X. bicolor Bldfd. (Japan), differing only in the uniform color-
ation, the slightly more oblique declivity and the stronger development of the
tubercles on the sutural interspace ; possibly a local form of the Japanese species.

SCOLYTIDAE. 239

Sampson has described (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) xi, p. 289, 1923), under
the name Xyleborus bicolor Bldfd., var. a, a form collected by me in the
Sunderbans ; this is in my opinion a distinct species, which should be known
as Xyleborus alpha. The description states “the first and second interstices
tuberculate and setose ’’; first and third were presumably intended.

27. Xyleborus artelineatus, sp. n. (Text-fig. 9).

®. Head and prothorax piceous-black, elytra piceous-brown, legs testaceous.

Front convex, dull, minutely reticulate-alutaceous, with sparse, large
punctures bearing long hairs ; median line elevated.

Pronotum about 1-1 times as long as broad, sides parallel from rounded
basal angles to in front of middle, apex broadly
arcuate ; anterior region with flattened, close rugosities
terminating abruptly before middle in a weak trans-
verse elevation, posterior region and sides minutely
reticulate-alutaceous, dull, very finely and sparsely
punctulate ; long hairs in asperate area, very short
ones elsewhere. Scutellum a conical tubercle almost
concealed by stiff, yellow hairs at base of pronotum.

Elytra cylindrical, as broad as, and 1-5 times as Text-ric. 9.— Xyleborus
long as, pronotum, base truncate, posterior angles Ser ea
straight, sides parallel for more than two-thirds, apex
broadly rounded, subretuse, declivity steep, moderately impressed ; striae with
punctures large, close, scarcely impressed ; interspaces flat, shining, uniseriate-
punctate ; punctures not quite so close or so large as those of striae, dorsal
interspaces not tuberculate until just before summit of declivity ; sides and
summit of declivity rounded, with fairly close, large, conical tubercles; Ist
interspace with two or three tubercles at summit and upper quarter, flat and
subrugulose below ; 2nd interspace with large tubercles near summit and smaller
granules in middle section, immune towards apex ; 3rd interspace tuberculate
throughout, two in middle section being largest and one at apex being very
prominent ; 4th to 6th interspaces with smaller tubercles; Ist to 3rd striae
slightly impressed and punctures obsolete ; vestiture from base to apex of long,
erect hairs on interspaces (longer on tubercles), and short, semi-recumbent

hairs on striae.

240 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Length: 2-25 mm.

3 unknown.

Upolu: Malololelei, v.1924, from rotten trees (2 specimens).

Closely allied to X. artestriatus Eichh. (Burma to Borneo), and X. angustior
Kggers (Tenasserim), but differing in the presence of small tubercles on the
second interspace of the declivity, and their absence on the dorsum before the
declivity ; narrower than X. artestriatus, in which the elytra are 1-3 times as
long as the pronotum ; and shorter in the pronotum than X. angustzor, in which
the pronotum is nearly twice as long as broad.

28. Xyleborus destruens Bldfd.
A yleborus destruens Bldfd., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 221, 1896.

Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 ft., vi. and 28.x1.1924.

Savai: Safune, rain forest, 2,000 to 4,000 ft., 9.v.1924 (Bryan).

Previously recorded from Java and Gilolo. I have seen specimens in the
Genoa Museum (Eggers det.) from Engano Is., Ternate and New Guinea. The
- species is known as a borer of diseased cacao trees and of teak saplings in Java.

The Samoan specimens are small (4-5 mm.), and have the pronotum
straighter at the sides than in specimens from Java.

29. Xyleborus kraatzi Eichh.

Xyleborus kraatzi Kichh., Berl. ent. Zeitschr., xii, p. 152, 1868.
Xyleborus perforans Bldfd., 1893, et auct., nee Wollaston, 1857.
Xyleborus immaturus Blackburn, Tr. Roy. Soc. Dublin, ui, p. 193, 1885. [New syn. |
Tutuila: Leone Road; Fagasa, rotten bark (Swezey and Wilder); Pago
Pago, 0 to 300 ft. (Kellers).
Savaii: Safune, rain forest, 2,000 to 4,000 ft. (Bryan).
Upolu: Apia; Vailima; Mt. Vaea, 1,500 ft. ; Malololelei, 2,000 ft.
Samoa: (Swale ; Friedrichs).
Taken in every month but vii., vii., and x.
In 1893, in his Report on the destruction of Beer-casks in India, Appendiz,
p. 46, Blandford identified Xyleborus kraatzt Hichh. (Ceylon) with X. perforans
Woll. (Madeira), and in 1898 (Biol. Centr.-Amer., Col. iv, p. 216) reiterated his
opinion that broadly speaking X. perforans Woll. could be recognised as a

SCOLYTIDAE. 241

palaeotropical species, and X. affinis Eichh. as a neotropical species. Blandford’s
synonomy has recently been questioned by Eggers (Sbornik ent. Mus. Praze,
il, p. 154, 1925; and Treubia, vii, p. 301, 1926), who states that X. kraatzi
Hichh. should not be treated as identical with X. perforans Woll., “da die
Indomalayenform im africanischen Continent nicht vorkommt.”’

This argument is presumably not invalidated by typical examples of this
form from the coastal region of Tanganyika Territory in my collection, which
may represent modern introductions.

I have not seen Wollaston’s type, which has apparently been examined
only by Blandford and Sampson, but I possess specimens determined by one or
the other as X. perforans, which I refer to X. sacchari Hopk., and X. mascarensis
Egg. ; these are quite distinct from X. kraatzi by reason of the opaque declivity.

The Samoan series, and all the oriental specimens referable to the species
now considered as X. kraatzi range from 2-1 to 2-4 mm. in length, are testaceous
to dark ferruginous, never infuscate, and consistently show a shining rugulose
declivity. Eichhoff gives the measurement of his type as 2:0 mm. ; hence this
oriental form should probably be referred to his variety philippinensis.

The distribution of X. kraatzi according to Eggers (loc. cit.) is New South
Wales, Solomon Is., New Britain, New Guinea, Aru Is., Buru, Philippine Is.,
Formosa, Banguey Is., Borneo, Bali, Java, Sumatra, Batu, Engano, Nias, Perak,
Annam and 8. Burma, to which may be added Hawaii and India, where the
beetle is a borer of numerous species of timbers.

As regards the synonym Xyleborus immaturus Blackb., I am indebted to
Mr. Arrow for the loan of a cotype.

30. Xyleborus silvestris, sp. n. (Text-figs. 10 and 11).

9. Oblong, cylindrical, shining, pilose, declivity with Ist and 3rd inter-
spaces tuberculate.

Colour ferruginous to piceous-brown, with thorax almost black.

Head: surface finely coriaceous, moderately shining, with strong piliferous
punctures of irregular size, more closely punctate and impressed behind epistome ;
median line carinate-elevate and impunctate.

Pronotum about 14 times as long as broad (0-92 to 0:95 mm. x 1:15 to
1:2 mm.); sides slightly rounded, widest at or behind middle, apex strongly
rounded, base transverse, posterior angles obtusely rounded, transversely

242 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

elevated in middle, anterior half with sub-imbricate asperities, basal half shining,
very finely and weakly punctate, with a somewhat alutaceous surface due to
faint wrinkles arranged more or less concentrically around central elevation.
Klytra : more than 1} times as long as pronotum (0-9 to 0-95 mm. x 1-5 to
1-6 mm.); sides subparallel at base, thence curved almost imperceptibly and
widest near middle, narrowed and curved to apex ; declivity descending obliquely
in apical third, somewhat deplanate ; striae straight, very closely and uniformly
punctate, slightly impressed (sutural stria not more so than rest); interspaces

Text-ric. 10—Xyleborus silvestris, TEext-Fic. 11.—Xyleborus silvestris,
sp. n. 9, dorsal. sp.n. Declivity.

rugulose, closely but not always regularly punctate, punctures minute and
piliferous; on 4th and lateral interspaces punctures are about two-thirds as
numerous as those of striae, and on dorsal interspaces about half as numerous
(though occasional points are obsolete) ; 1st to 38rd interspaces with occasional
small granules from summit of declivity towards middle of elytra, beyond
which punctures are aciculate or normal; 4th and 5th interspaces in neighbour-
hood of declivity with about five small granules; declivity shining, suture not
elevated ; 2nd interspace not impressed, strial punctures larger than on dorsum,
flat, distinctly rimmed and subocellate; Ist interspace with three or four
tubercles, of which two or three are large and conical; 2nd interspace excep-
tionally with one granule ; 3rd interspace with three to five tubercles, of which
two may be large and conical; terminations of 3rd and subsequent conjoined
interspaces with a granule on declivital margin.

Pilosity : erect pronotal hairs in anterior zone longer than those on elytra ;

SCOLYTIDAK. 243

posterior zone usually denuded; elytral interspaces throughout with long,
erect, yellow hairs, with a tendency to alternate long and short arrangement
posteriorly, presence of a granule determining a longer hair; strial punctures
each traversed by a microscopic recumbent hair, rather more evident on declivity.

Length: 2-6 to 2-8 mm.

3 unknown.

Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 it., 20.iv.1925, vi.1924 (holotype), and 30.xi.1924.

Savail: Safune, rain forest, 2,000 to 4,000 ft., 9.v.1924 (Bryan).

(Paratypes in Bishop Museum, Honolulu.)

Alhed to X. adumbratus Bldfd. (Japan) in size and coloration, and to
X. kraatzi Hichh. (Malay Peninsula) in elytral sculpture; separable from
X. adumbratus by the more oval pronotum, and weaker, alutaceous punctuation
of its posterior area, denser punctuation of elytral interspaces and less abrupt
declivity ; from X. kraatzi by its greater size, darker colour and pronotal
punctuation.

31. Xyleborus buxtoni, sp. n. (Text-fig. 12).

Q. Testaceous to dark ferruginous-brown, with elytra piceous.

Front convex, finely reticulate-coriaceous, dull, rugulose-punctate, punctures
shallow and variable in size ; median line elevated and shining in lower half.

Pronotum about 1-1 times as long as broad, cylindrico-convex, somewhat
depressed in posterior half, basal angles obtusely rounded, sides subparallel,
apex broadly rounded ; anteriorly uniformly asperate, posteriorly and laterally
smooth, very finely and sparsely punctate, punctures closer and stronger behind
central umbonation ; vestiture short and sparse.

Elytra as broad as and 1-6 to 1-75 times as long as pronotum, sides straight,
perceptibly narrowed from behind middle towards apex, which is broadly
rounded ; cylindrical (with appropriate illumination, a feeble elevation behind
base, followed by a feeble transverse depression, can be traced) ; declivity plano-
convex, beginning in apical third, its apico-lateral margin carinate as far as inter-
section with 7th interspace; striae very strongly impressed on dorsum, less
so at bases and laterally, punctures uniform, large, almost contiguous;
interspaces narrow, smooth, shining, uniseriate-punctate or tuberculate ; 1st
uneven, less elevated than others, with about every 3rd puncture replaced by a
tubercle directed caudad, tubercles increasing in size towards declivity ; 2nd

244 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

subconvex, similarly tuberculate; 3rd subconvex, with tubercles obsolete in
basal half; 4th, 5th, and 6th simply punctate, punctures smaller and more
remote than those of striae, weakly tuberculate on approaching declivity ;
on face of declivity Ist interspace with two or three large conical tubercles,
of which either middle or end one may be reduced or absent, 2nd smooth,

a

iy @ My, 2
Whey gs

© SIMA SS 5
©0°090000c0050
° € © 4

2%000000000006
fone ear ac Cms

2
°

«oe

«

ou etre! ee
0009099009000 00 00000000
aot Cie Foner
999C000G0000000g00
Crick ax ae aS

AS

Text-FIG. 12.—Xyleborus buxtoni, sp.n. 9, dorsal and declivity.

somewhat depressed, without tubercles, 3rd with one to three tubercles, of
which the two end ones may be reduced or absent and middle one very large,
4th to 6th crowded to side with a few very small tubercles, apices of interspaces
without strongly developed teeth or tubercles. Vestiture: strial punctures
with minute hairs, interspatial punctures and tubercles with short erect hairs
from base to apex.

Length: 3-1 to 3-3 mm.

3 unknown.
Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 ft., vi., vii., 23.xi.1924, 18, 25.1v.1925 (a series).
Sava: Salailua, 22.v.1924 (Bryan), one specimen. (Paratypes in Bishop

Museum, Honolulu.)

SCOLYTIDAE. 245

Distinguished from oriental allies in the kraatzi-torquatus group by size,
and development of the dorsal tuberculation. The variation in size and relative
position of the tubercles on the declivity is considerable in the short series ; when
the middle tubercles of the 3rd interspace are symmetrically developed, and those
of the 1st are less evident, the arrangement recalls species of the confusus group.

32. Xyleborus affinis Eichh. (auct.).
Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xi, p. 401, 1867; Rat. Tom., p. 872, 1879.

Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 ft., vi. and 20.x11.1924.

Under the designation Xyleborus affinis previous authors, 7.e. Blandford,
Hagedorn, Schaufuss, and Sampson, have included a number of very closely
allied forms with an opaque declivity, found in the Neotropical, Ethiopian,
Oriental, and Australian regions. EKichhoff himself recognised three varieties,
a, 8, and y, but did not define them very satisfactorily.

Eggers has recently treated var. B as a distinct species under the name
X. mascarensis (Treubia, vi, p. 301, 1926, and ix, p. 408, 1927), but without
giving any reasons for so doing. The five specimens taken by Messrs. Buxton
and Hopkins may possibly be referable to X. mascarensis, which is stated to be
distributed throughout Central Africa and the Malay Region; but, compared
with “ affinis’”’ material before me, they agree remarkably well with specimens
from Costa Rica and French Guiana of the same length (2-25 to 2-3 mm.) and
coloration (light ferruginous-testaceous), and are less strongly punctate than
specimens from Kast Africa and Ceylon.

33. Xyleborus confusus Hichh.
Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xi, p. 401, 1867.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 0 to 300 ft. (Kellers, Swezey and Wilder) ; Leone
Road (Judd, Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Apia; Vailima, 600 ft.; Mt. Vaea, 1,500 ft.; Malololelei, 2,600 ft.

Samoa: (Swale ; Friedrichs).

Taken in every month of the year.

Known to occur in Hawaiin Is., Fanning Is., Washington Is., Fiji, Queens-
land, New Guinea, Keeling Is., Seychelles Is., Madagascar, Zanzibar, E. Africa,
Uganda, Eritrea, Congo, Ivory Coast, Fernando Po, St Thomas Is., Annobon,

246 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Cape Verde Is., South and Central America, Trinidad, Barbados, Guadeloupe,
Cuba, Florida, Mississippi. In spite of Hagedorn’s generalisation that this
species “‘ist 1m ganzen Tropengiirtel weit verbreitet’ (Rev. Zool. Africaine,
1. p. 344, 1912), there are no authentic records of it from any part of the Indo-
Malayan region. It is definitely one of the very few species that Samoa has not
received from the west.

The only identified food plants that have come to my notice are Hevea
brazihensis, Cocos nucifera (wood and nuts) and Manihot utilissima (wood) in
the tropics. Blackman found this beetle in dead Pinus palustris in Mississippi.

34. Xyleborus hopkinsi, sp. n.

®. Cylindrical, shining, light to dark ferruginous-brown.

Front convex, irregularly rugose-punctate on a finely reticulate ground,
median line elevated, shining.

Pronotum very little longer than broad (1-15 =< 1-05 mm.), sides subparallel,
apical margin strongly rounded, basal angles obtusely subrectilinear, asperation
of anterior area distinctly smaller and flatter towards sides and central elevation,
posterior area brilliant, very finely, sparsely punctate.

Elytra rather narrower at base than prothorax, and about 1-7 times as
long as pronotum, cylindrical, somewhat depressed above, sides subparallel
from base to well beyond middle, and thence curved and narrowed to apex ;
striae straight, weakly impressed, closely punctate; interspaces nearly flat
with a series of piliferous punctures, which are rather strong, sometimes as large
and deep as those of striae, spaced irregularly, but usually more than half as
numerous as strial punctures. Declivity commencing in apical third; suture
and Ist interspace flat, depressed ; 2nd interspace depressed towards its inner
edge; 3rd convex ; remainder gradually rounded to elytral margin ; 1st inter-
space at summit of declivity with a small, conical tubercle and two to three
smaller granules cephalad of it, on face of declivity with a series of minute
punctures bearing short hairs; ist stria slightly impressed punctate through-
out ; 2nd interspace with three or four small granules before summit, shining
and finely punctate on face of declivity ; 3rd interspace with one to three small
tubercles at summit, one very large conical tooth a little below centre, and one
smaller tubercle towards apex, a few long hairs between tubercles ; remaining
interspaces with a few small tubercles round margin of declivity.

SCOLYTIDAE. 247

6 unknown.

Length: 2-9 to 3-2 mm.

Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 ft., 24.ii., iv., vi.1924; 18.iv.1925 (Buxton and
Hopkins) ; vii.1925 (Wilder).

Savail: Salailua, 21, 22.v.1924 (Bryan).

(Paratypes in Bishop Museum, Honolulu.) |

Closely allied to X. fuscatus Eichh. (America), which has the striae less
evidently impressed, the inner interspaces flatter, and the interspatial punctures
stronger. The declivity of X. hopkins? is more oblique and oval, and the tubercle
of the 3rd interspace is placed lower than in X. fuscatus ; the elytra are narrowed
more gradually, and are less broadly rounded at the apices than in X. fuscatus.

35. Xyleborus submarginatus Bldfd.
Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 223, 1896.

Upolu: Apia, 111.1924, 1.1925 (2 specimens).

Recorded in literature from Ceylon, India, Burma, Sumatra to New Guinea
and Australia, but how far correctly is open to doubt.

The Samoan specimens are 2:25 mm. in length, with a subquadrate pronotum,
and declivital armature as in X. bucco Schauf. (Seychelles Is.).

36. Xyleborus baculum, sp. n. (Text-fig. 13).

Q. Cylindrical, testaceous-ferruginous.

Front convex, minutely reticulate-alutaceous, with sparse rugulose
punctures bearing long hairs ; median line smooth in centre, not raised.

Pronotum 1-2 times as long as broad, base truncate, basal angles subrecti-
linear, sides parallel nearly to anterior third, apex uniformly rounded, cylindrical,
declivous in less than anterior half; asperities small, subtriangular, weakly
developed along apical margin and in antero-lateral areas, and _ scarcely
extending to middle of pronotum dorsally ; posterior region smooth, moderately
shining, with sparse short hairs, of which punctures are not discernible.
Scutellum semicircular.

Elytra cylindrical, as wide as and 1-6 times as long as pronotum, 1-9 times
as long as wide, basal angles subrectilinear, parallel almost to end, declivity
flattened and subvertically truncate, its sides and summit obtusely rounded,

248 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

its apex very slightly produced and margined at terminations of Ist and 2nd
interspaces ; striate-punctate, strial punctures close, shallow, much less distinct
in basal fifth; interspaces shining, flat, with a few

= —— remote, scarcely perceptible, punctures, and all with
sch acon cei S large granules at edge of declivity ; on face of declivity,
seo aee a * which is shining, Ist interspace is widened and has
veeeeoe ec, two or three small tubercles; 2nd with five to seven
en ee minutely granulate punctures; 8rd with three large

granules, alternating with granulate punctures; 4th
Text-ric.13.—Xyleborus and 5th interspaces with smaller granules; suture not
baculum, sp.n. 9, raised and striae not impressed, strial punctures larger
cogil and more irregular than dorsally; vestiture of long
hairs from granules, and shorter hairs from interspatial punctures.

Length : 2-2 mm.

3 unknown.

Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 ft., vi.1924 (2 specimens).

In the steepness of the declivity comparable with X. monographus F.
(Europe) or X. recidens Samp. (Bengal to New Guinea), but characterised by the
rounding off of the circumference of the declivity everywhere, except for a
short distance at the extreme sutural apex, where the marginal channel of the
elytron is interrupted, and the edge of the declivity coincides with the edge of
the elytron.

LIST OF TEXT-FIGURES.

1. Platypus tetracerus, sp. n. 6.
2. Hylesinus pacificus, sp.n. Dorsal and lateral.

o 3. Scolytomimus maculatus, sp. n. Dorsal.
4. ue Me sp. n. Abdominal sternites.
5. Cryphalus samoensis, sp.n. and elytral details. jesTUASS Gh

5 6. Cryphalus (Hypocryphalus) basthirtus, sp. n. Dorsal. WOE .
7. Xyleborus swezeyi, sp.n. , dorsal and declivity.
8. Xyleborus samoensis, sp.n. , dorsal and declivity.

9. Xyleborus artelineatus, sp.n. Q, declivity.

10. Xyleborus silvestris, sp. n. Q, dorsal. See fd © beer

11. td ui sp. n. Declivity.

12. Xyleborus buxtoni, sp. un. 9, dorsal and declivity.

» 13. Xyleborus baculum, sp.n. 9, declivity.

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES.

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL
ARTHROPODA

LIST OF PARTS AND SYSTEM OF PUBLICATION —

Part I. Orthoptera and Dermaptera.
» 11. Hemiptera.
»» LII. Lepidoptera.
» IV. Coleoptera.
» V. Hymenoptera.
» WI. Diptera.
» WII. Other Orders of Insects.
», VIII. Terrestrial Arthropoda other than Insects.

The work is published at intervals in the form of numbered fascicles.
Although individual fascicles may contain contributions by more than one
author, each fascicle is so arranged as to form an integral portion of one or
other of the Parts specified above.

List of Fascicles issued to 22nd June, 1929 —

Insects of Samoa and other Samoan Terrestrial Arthropoda. Maps | and Date Issuea.
2 Gn envelope). 1927, 4to. 6d. 26th February, 1927.
Part J. OrtTHoPTERA AND DERMAPTERA.
Fasc. 1. Dermaptera. By Dr. Alfredo Borelli. Pp. 1-8. 1928, 4to. Is. 28th July, 1928.

Fase. 2. Orthoptera. By Dr. L: Chopard. 51 text-figures. Pp. 9-58. 1929, 4to. 5s. 26s) January, 1929,

Part IJ. Hemiprera.
_ Fasc. 1. Fulgoroidea. By F. Muir. 25 text-figures. Psyllide (Chermide). By
Prof. D. L. Crawford. 4 text-figures. Coccide, Aphidide and Aleyrodide.
By F. Laing, M.A., B.Sc. 3 text-figures. Pp. 1-45. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d. 25th June, 1927.
Fasc. 2, Cercopide. By V. Lallemand, M.D. 10 text-figures. Cicadide. By
ne Myers, Sc.D. 22 text-figures. Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Heteroptera.
y Prof. Teiso Esaki. 6 text-figures. Pp. 47-80. 1928. 4to. 2s. 6d. 23rd June, 1928.

Part II]. Lepimoprera.
FE een ee ee en EST Wee sa 9th April, 1927.
ne $ Mere spiepicls By Edward Meyrick, B.A., F-R.S. Pp. 65-116. 28th May, 1927.
PEeAUsI@ Wado mene ue no ES ah March, 1928)

List of Fascicles issued to 22nd June, 1929 (continued) :—

Part IV. CoLEopTERA.

Fasc. 1. Carabide. By H. E. eae ie tee eates. Dytiscide. By A. Date Issued.
Zimmermann. text-figures. Staphylinidee. meron, M.B. 2 text-
figures. Hydrophilide. By A.d heat Vtextf ie Clavicornia and
Lamellicornia. By G. J. Arrow. 13 text-figures. 1927, 4to. 3s. 19th December, 1927.

Fasc. Z._ Heteromera, Bostrychoidea, Ln cae ae bee By K.G. : ‘
Blair, B.Sc. text-figures. Elateride. van Zwaluwenberg. 10 . :
text-figures. Melaside Vere Bye, Fleutiaux. Cerambycide. By
Chr. Pee eape Bret hide By R. Kleine. 4 text-figures.

Kar

Anthribid dan’ PHD) 11 text heures WeProreehineeBi &

RCL Polin’ DSc, PRS Bp OI. (92d 508) 25th Febracen Apa
Fcc! 3.0 Throsuide: ) By IK 1G) Blan BSei i teniaenre | Ohaeomenteny | ang
"By S! Maule. MLA. 0 texefeures Pp. 175-215, 1909, #iol) 2a 6d.) 28nd Behrend ene
Fasc, 4. Platypodidae and Scolytidae. By C. F. C. Beeson, D.Sc. 13. text-

figures. Pp. 217-248. 1929, 4to. ~ 2s. éd. 22nd June, 1929. !

Part V. HyMeNopPTERA.

Fasc. 1. Apoidea, Sphecoidea, and Vespoidea. By R. C. L. Perlans, DSc.
ie ae and - Eve Chea ISA one ie ae ia:
text- r. fschi. Brg
Conner isn ES aN maa Be Aone ocala ae 25th February, 1928.

Part VI. Diprera.

Fasc. 1. Streblide and Nycteribude. By L. Falcoz. 7 text-figures. Hippo- .
‘boscidie,)| By GW Bemis. Gitext-fieures, Pa. | 2. 1927 4a een oi jet ard yale
Fasc. 2. Nematocera. By F.W.Edwards, M.A. 20text-figures. Cecidomynn ee
By HLF. Panes iA, PRD, 4 tecthgurcsy Pps 22108) 100 digs on) 2d Jae Oe
Fasc. 3. Stratiomyiide, Tabanide and Asilide. By Gertrude Ricardo. 6 text- it

figures. rve of Stratiomyide. . A: Buxton, M.A. ae

Dolichopodide. By C. G. Lamb, Sc.D. 8 text-fisures. Sarcophasidee. ede
P. uxton, M.A. 9 text-figures. “Muscide. By J. R. Malloch.

Pp. 109-175. 1929, 4to. 5s: llth May, 1929.

Parr VII. Otser Orpers or INSECTS.

IF oe i fone fepuy ten Tape ae ase: Hill, + & textures and he
{ t Lt.-C F. Fy text- ;

Peds. 18H ato. 2s 6 fae ee 28th May, 1927.
Fasc. 2. Plectoptera. By a J. daly Sc.D. (Cantab.), F.R.S., and J. A.

Be RehardS BaeILERSE ELS. Ctestigees. Pp.45 oa ae a :

text- Ss

By ee ar agna ext-feures. Pp 0. Prd June, 1928.
Fasc. 3. Mallophaga. By J. Waterston, D.Sc. 2 text-figures Anoplura. By

P. A. Buxton, M.A: ‘vichoptera. By Martin E, As ce 1 figure.

Neuroptera. By P. Esben-Petersen. 1 text-figure and 2 plates. Apterygota.

By George H. Carpenter,D.Sc. 32text-figures. Pp. 77-116. 1928, 4to. 2s. 6d. 28th July, 1928.

Part VIII. TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODA OTHER THAN INSECTS.
Fasc. 1. Isopoda Terrestria. By Harold G. Jackson, D.Sc. 2 plates. Scor-

pionel ea. re P.A. eae a Sey eae eis SHS oe
text-: g « tC t text-ne , y
a Ye BLT HCN Re TERIOR eA Prd July, 19270

Fase. 2. Myriopoden (Myriopod By C. Attems. 4 text-figur Araignées
(Araneida). eT agenda) 79 text- Ranney Pp. 29-78. 1929, Ato. 2s.6d. 22nd Tiare 1929.

ee

~

ae