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THE INTERPRETATION OF
DREAMS

Printed by BaLLaxrniy, Hannon & Co.
‘At the Ballantyne Press, Edinbargh

THE INTERPRETATION
OF DREAMS

Pror. Dr. SIGMUND FREUD, LL.D.

AUTHORISED TRANSLATION OF THIRD EDITION
WITH INTRODUCTION
BY
A. A. BRILL, Pu.B., M.D.
(CULE OF TRE NEUROLOGICAL DNPARTIOUNT OF THR NBONX MOAPTTAL AND DINPERSART?
‘OLENIOAL, ABNATANT IX HRUROLOGT AND PSYORIATRY, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.

‘YORMER AMUIZANY PHYEIGIAN IN THE OENTAAL ISLIP GPATX HOSPITAL
“AND Ix YER OLIKIO OF FETORLATBY, SERIOH

" Flactere vi naqueo superot, Acheronta movebo”

NEW YORK
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1918

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x THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS

demanded—will differ from the present one. They will have,
on the one hand, to include selections from the rich material
of poetry, myth, usage of language, and folklore, and, on the
other hand, to treat more profoundly the relations of the
dream to the neuroses and to mental diseases.

Mr. Otto Rank has rendered me valuable service in the
selection of the addenda and in reading the proof sheets. I
am gratefully indebted to him and to many others for their
contributions and corrections.

‘Vina, Spring of 1911.

CONTENTS

I. Tar Sommymmic Lrrerarurr on THR PROBLEMS oF
mum Daman

II, Merson or Dream Inrzerreration : Tas ANALYSIS
or 4 Sampte Dream

II. Tam Daram 1s rae Furrmuent or a Wish
IV. Distortion mv Dreams

, Tu Marzatan anv Sources or Dreams .
VI. Taz Dream-Work

VII. Tax Psyonorocy or THe Demam Acrivimizs

‘VIII. Lirmany Inpex .

INDEX

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14 THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS
of awakening brings it back to us with depressing force, On

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28 THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS
‘aa inciters of dreams in a considerable number of persons,

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there is hardly a placo in the organism which might not become
the starting point of a dream or of a delusion. Now organically
determined “may be divided into two classes :

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34 THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS

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ion and interpretation of orderly and

logical dreams we almost always play with the truth when we

can hardly relate a dream without exaggerating
‘The observations of V. Eggers,” though surely inde-

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THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS
d’éprouver et de romarquer ; sinon, Voubli vient vite ou total
‘ou partiel; J'oubli total est eans gravité; mais l'oubli partie)

embellishing it. ‘The tondenoy of the human

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the woking life. He rather believes that the scene of dreams
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40 THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS

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44 THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS

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that something {alls off during sleep, which, having the effect
of an inhibition, has kept us from noticing the existence of
an impulae, The dream thus shows the real, if not the

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DISTORTION IN DREAMS 187

content has been transformed into fear. Later on I shall
have opportunity to support this assertion by the analysis of
several dreams of neurotios. I shall have occasion to revert
to the determinations in anxiety dreams and their com-
patibility with the theory of wish-fulfilment when I again
attempt to approach the theory of dreams.

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THE MATERIAL OF DREAMS 343

certainty of no other locality that one “has been there
before.”
A large number of dreams, often full of fear, which aré con-
corned with passing through narrow spaces or with staying in
the

about the sojourn in the mother’s womb, and about the aot
of birth, The following is the dream of # young man who in.
his fancy hae already while in embryo taken advantage of
his opportunity to spy upon on act of coition between his

“ He ia in a deep shaft, in which there 48 a window, ax in the

At heer summer resort at the... Lalke, she hurls herself into
the dark water at a place where the pale moon is reflected in the

water.

Dreams of this sort are parturition dreams; their inter-
pretation is accomplished by reversing the fact reported in
the manifest dream content ; thus, instead of “ throwing one’s
self into the water,” read “ coming out of the water,” that is,

the child soon recognises a4 the place from which it came.
Now what can be tho meaning of the patient's wishing to be
born at her summer resort? I asked the dreamer this, and
the answered without hesitation: “‘Husn’t the treatment

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THE MATERIAL OF DREAMS 259

with his usual sexual objects (that is, with masturbation)
corresponds with his resistance.

In relation to the repetition of the name phenyl, he gives
the following thoughts: All these radicals ending in yl have
always been pleasing to him; they are very convenient to
use: benzyl, azetyl, &o. That, however, explained nothing.
But when I proposed the radical Schlemihl* he laughed
heartily, and related that during the summer he had read a
book by Prévost which contained a chapter: “Les exclus de
Yamour,” the description in which made him think of the
Schlemihls, and he added, “'That is my case.” He would
have again acted the Schlemihl if he had missed the rendezvous.

‘* This Hebrew word is well known in German-speaking countries, even
among noo-Jows aod sigaiice an unlucky, onkward perone (Trantsion}

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that I should have got s husband just the eame—and one who
is 4 hundred times better

‘The reduction of the actual 160 florins to 1 florin and

corresponds to her disdain of her husband in the

thoughts of the dreamer,
Another

example displays the arithmetical powers of

828 THE INTERPRETATION OF DE Al

the dream, which have brought it into such disrepute, A
man dreams: He ie sitting at B—o (u family of his earlier
) and It was nonsense for you not ti

me Amy in he aake the girl, *

marriage.”
old are you?" Anener + “1 was born in 1882," “Ah, then

rervico, and still needed 2 year and 2 months to make him
dligible for & 00 por cent. pension. ‘Tho dream fin show
him tho fulfilment of a long wished for wish, the manic

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THE DREAM-WORK 883

doath. So I set up this memorial to him in the dream; the
first name of my friend P. is Joseph.*
According to the rules of dream interpretation, T

thought

concerning my friend P, moet, ane hostilo, the other friendly —
of which the former ia superficial, tho latter veiled, and bath
‘are given representation in the same words: non vivit. Be-
case ing fui: sec Wall Cheuacees USER OEE
to him; but because he has been guilty of an evil wish (which
is expressed at the end of the dream) I destroy him. I have
here constructed a sentence of peculiar resonance, and T must
have been influenced by some model, But where ean I find
similar antithesis, such » parallel between two opposite atti-

Such @ parallel is to be found in a single place, have howerse,
‘8 deep impression in made upon the render—in Brutus’ speech
of justification in Shakespoare’s Juliua Cawar: ‘As Cont
loved me, I weep for him; us he was fortunate, I rejoice at
it; as he was valiant, honour him ; but, as he was ambitious
T slow him.” Is not this which I have discovered, the same

* As a contribution to the overdetermination = My excuse for coming
Se cemtinecc maaekae ig t» make the

Yong Journey from Kae Waehringee Btreet.

384 THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS.

T presented the scene between Brutus and Oxsar from Sobiller's
poems to an audience of children when I was a boy of fourteen
year. I did this with my nephew, who was a year older than

ere ae ne ee on ee we, Tae
already intimated, this childish relation has constantly de
termined my later feelings in my intercourse with permons of

this chamcter which is so ineradicably fixed in my unconscious
memory. Occasionally he must have treated mo very badly.
and I must have shown courage before my tyrant, for in later
years T have often been told of the short speech with which
I vindicated myself when my father—his grandfather—
called mo to account : NT hit him becanse he iit me.” ‘This
childish scene must be the one which causes non wivit to
branch off into non wixit, for in the language of later childhood
striking is culled wichsen (German, wichsen—to wmear with

dria tag heal P, chins bes wo Std eater

—he was far puporior to mo, and might therefore have been
‘& new edition of the playmate of my childhood—can certainly
be traced to my complicated relations with John during our |
infancy. I shall, however, totum to this dream Inter.

() Absurd Dreams — Intellectual Performances in the Dreswi|
In our interpretation of dreams thus far we have come
upon the clement of absurdity in the droum-content #0. often
that wo most no longer poxtpone an invstigtion of i |
We remember, of course, that the
Se diotias tua facade Soncecie at aes
with their chief argument for eer |
but the meaningless product of reduced nnd fragmentary
activity of the mind.
begin with speimens in which ee
dream-content is only apparent and

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388 THE INTERPRETATION OF

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Everyone bas it,
In the grave does it rout.

(Anoowtry,)
Tt wns confusing to find half of the second riddle
with the first. ze
‘he ach dei
fir shee! rahe ‘master’s behest; i
“into orale dost ror q
(oMepring.)

As T had seen Count Thun ride in advance

B41

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THE DREAM-WORK

ment, however, we note that in this dream the i
ia waged openly, and the father designated ag the person
‘against whom tho satire is directed, This openness seems to
contradict our assumption of a censor as operative in
dream uctivity. We may say in explanation, however,

here the father is only an interposed person, while the conflict
js carried on with another one, who makes his

serves as the man of straw to represent other,
the divam dams thas openly to cancer itself with
who is usually hallowed, because there ie present

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THE DREAM-WORK

BAT
having brought myself into opposition to. most icians
peychoneuroses. I may

criticism

thoughts by “we.” “Yes, you are right ; we two
‘That mea res agitur, i clearly shown by the mention
the short, incomparably beautiful eway of Goethe, for i
‘a public reading of this esay which induced me to
natural science while 1 was still undecided in the
class of the jum.

VI. Tam also bound to show of another dream in which
my ego does not occur that it is egotistio,
mentioned a short dream in which Profesor
son, the myopic . . ."; and I stated that
preli

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PSYCHOLOGY OF DREAM ACTIVITIES 443,

intensity. This is regularly the direct representa-
tion of the wish-fulfilment ; for, if we undo the displacements

painful i the
But, owing to their frequently artificial connection with the
central element, they have soquired sufficient intensity to
enable them to come to expreesion. Thus, the force of ex-
pression of the wish-fulfilment is diffused over a certain sphere
of association, within which it raises to expression all elements,
including those that are in themselves impotent. In dreama
having several strong wishes we can readily separate from
another the spheres of the individual wish-fulfilments ; the

gaps in the dream likewise can often be explained as boundary

PSYCHOLOGY OF DREAM ACTIVITIES 457

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LITERARY INDEX 499

zu den Peblleistungen dee Alltagelebena, (Ebends.)

111. Robiteek, Alfred (Wien): “ Die Analyse von Egmonts Treum.”
(Jahrb. f. peychoanalyt. u. peychopathol. _Forschungen, Bd. II. 1910.)

112. Silberer, Herbert (Wien): ‘Bericht tber eine Methode,
gewiseo symbolische Halluzinationserscheinungen hervorzurufen und
tu beobschten.” (Jahr. Bleuler-Freud, Bd. I., 1909.)

113. Silberer, Herbert (Wien): Phantasis und Mythos. (Ebenda,
Ba. IL, 1910.)

114. Stekel, Wilhelm (Wien): “ Beitrige cur Traumdeutung.””
Wahrbuch fiir peychoanalytieche und peychopatholog. Forechungen,
Ba. L., 1909.)

115. Stekel, Wilhelm (Wien): Nerviee Angeteusténde und ihre
Behandlung. (Wien und Berlin, 1908.)

116. Stekel, Wilhelm (Wien): Die Sprache dee Traumes. A
description of the symbolism and interpretation of the Dream and its
relation to the normal and abnormal mind for physicians and psycho-
ogiste. (Wiesbaden, 1911.)

117, Swoboda Hermann. Die Perioden des menschlichen Organismus,
(Wien und Leipzig, 1904.)

118, Waterman, George A. (Boston): ‘Dreams as a Cause of
Symptoms” (The Journal of Abnormal Peychol., Oot.-Nov. 1910.)

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510 THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS
Weygandt, W., 5, 20, 28, 34, 49; | Wisb4ulflment of the dream, 76,

quoted, 105 104, 205, 229, 233, 389, 423, 435-
Why dreams are forgotten, 35 ; 4e2
Winckler, Hugo, 82 — — theory of, 374, 376, 458
Winh-droamsy 118, 19, 138, 19 Word-play and dream activity, 315
— — masochistic, 138 | Work of displacement, 269-288
Wishes, forbidden, 200 Wundt, 23, 34, 48, 49, 71, 187, 188;
— foreconscious, 458 | quoted, 75

— repressed, 199 — theory of, 198

— muppreased, 199, 209

— unconsoions, 438, 443, 457, 479, | Zalestangeln, 183
493 Zola, E., 182

‘Printed by BALLANTTHR, ITANSON & Co.
alnbargh & Londea.

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