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INVESTIGATION OF UN-AMERICAN
PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN THE
UNITED STATES
SPECIAL
COMMITTEE ON UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
SEVENTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
H. Res. 282
TO INVESTIGATE (1) THE EXTENT, CHARACTER, AND
OBJECTS OF UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN
THE UNITED STATES, (2) THE DIFFUSION WITHIN THE
UNITED STATES OF SUBVERSIVE AND UN-AMERICAN PROP-
AGANDA THAT IS INSTIGATED FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES
OR OF A DOMESTIC ORIGIN AND ATTACKS THE PRINCIPLE
OF THE FORM OF GOVERNMENT AS GUARANTEED BY
OUR CONSTITUTION, AND (3) ALL OTHER QUESTIONS IN
RELATION THERETO THAT WOULD AID CONGRESS IN ANY
NECESSARY REMEDIAL LEGISLATION
/hAi1
APPENDIX— PART VII
REPORT ON THE AXIS FRONT MOVEMENT
IN THE UNITED STATES
FIRST SECTION— NAZI ACTIVITIES
Printed for the use of the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
279895 WASHINGTON : 1943
(U
MAR 2 7 1944
SPECIAL COMMITTEE OX UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES,
WASHINGTON, D. C.
MARTIN DIES, Texas, Chairman
JOE STARNES, Alabama NOAH M. MASON, Illinois
WIRT COURTNEY, Tennessee J. PARNELL THOMAS, New Jersey
JOHN M. COSTELLO, California KARL E. MUNDT, South Dakota
HERMAN P. EDERHARTER, Pennsylvania
Robert E. Stripling, Secretary and Chief Investigator
J. B. Matthews, Director of Research
II
INVESTIGATION OF UN-AMEBICAN PROPAGANDA
ACTIVITIES [N THE UNITED STATES
INTRODUCTION
The following- report is the first section of a comprehensive digest
which the committee has prepared dealing solely with the activities
of Axis agents and organizations in the United States. This com-
mittee came into existence in f938 several years after Adolf Hitler
and his Nazi Party had put in motion their plan of spreading nazi-ism
throughout the world. The United States was no exception to this
diabolical scheme, for Hitler had already planted in our midst many
of his trusted agents who were carrying on their treasonable work
unmolested. Many of the legitimate and traditional German societies
in the United Stales had already been diverted to the cause of nazi-
ism. New organizations like the German-American Bund and the
Kyffhauserbund were growing in strength. The Embassy and
consular staffs of the Nazi Government in America were swelled with
agents who were not performing their legitimate diplomatic or com-
mercial functions but instead were engaging in espionage and propa-
ganda activities. This committee at its first hearing in August 1938
set out to expose these agents and organizations who were serving
the cause of Hitlerism. Since that time the committee has heard
hundreds of witnesses, taken thousands of pages of testimony, and
subpenaed voluminous records which exposed these people and
destroyed their effectiveness and influence.
In releasing this section of the digest, the committee wishes to
emphasize that it deals only with the agents, organizations, and
"fronts" of only one of the Axis Powers, namely, the German Govern-
ment. The report begins with the diplomatic agents and carries
through to the individual Nazi propagandists. The purpose of the
report is to serve as a handbook for the various Government agencies
and the American people to acquaint them with the technique and
tactics employed by the Nazis and further to identify the individuals
and organizations who participated in this conspiracy.
1
GERMAN DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR AGENTS
Disclosure that diplomatic and consular agents of the German
Government constituted a directive force for acts of Nazi espionage
and propaganda in the United States was first made b}T the Special
Committee on Un-American Activities. The extent to which these
official representatives of a foreign government conspired against the
United States is clearly indicated in the testimony and reports of the
committee.
The evidence which established the true character of these agents
who enjoyed the customary diplomatic immunity was turned over
to the executive branch of our Government by the committee in
1940. Much of the evidence was also published by the committee
in a volume entitled "A Preliminary Digest and Report on the Un-
American Activities of Various Nazi Organizations and Individuals
in the United States, Including Diplomatic and Consular Agents of
the German Government." This report is known as appendix —
part II. Following its publication, the consular agents of the German
Government were expelled from the United States by an order of the
Department of State, issued under direction of the President.
THE EXPULSION OEDER
The full text of the order expelling the German consular officers,
agents, clerks, and employees who were of German nationality from
the United States reads as follows:
Juxe 16, 1941.
Herr Hans Thomsen,
Charge d' Affaires ml interim of Germany.
Sir: It has come to the knowledge of this Government that agencies of the
German Reich in this country, including German consular establishments, have
been engaged in activities wholly outside the scope of their legitimate duties.
These activities have been of an improper and unwarranted character. They
render the continued presence in the United States of these agencies and consular
establishments inimical to the welfare of this country. I am directed by the
President to request that the German Government remove from United States
territory all German nationals in anywise connected with the German Library
of Information in New York, the German Railway and Tourists Agencies, and
the Trans-Ocean News Service, and that each of these organizations and their
affiliates shall be promptly closed.
I am also directed to request that all German consular officers, agents, clerks,
and employees thereof of German nationality shall be removed from American
territory and that the consular establishments likewise be promptly closed.
It is contemplated that all such withdrawals and closures shall be effected before
July 10.
Accept, Sir, the renewed assurances of my high consideration,
For the Secretary of State:
Si mnkk Welles.
[MPROPEB ACTIVITIES OF GERMAN DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR AGENTS
Testimony given before the committee demonstrates that diplomatic
and consular agents of the German Government engaged in a wide
variety of activities designed to further the cause of nazi-ism in the
lulled States.
rX-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 3
The committee's investigation of so-called native pro-Nazis re-
vealed that they frequently visited the German Embassy and its
various consulates where they obtained propaganda and information
which aided them in their actit ivies here.
The foreign division of the Nazi Socialist Party was under the
control of German Government officials attached to the Embassy and
the consulates. Documents obtained and used as evidence by the
committee showed that the leader of this well-organized, secret party
was Dr. Friedhelm Draeger, attached to the German consulate in
New York City. Draeger signed letters to "party comrades" as
"consul and district leader of the Foreign Organization of the
N. S. D. A. P."
Evidence that the diplomatic and consular agents directed the work
of supposedly private business enterprises such as the Transocean
News Service was obtained and made public by the committee. The
following excerpt from appendix — part II indicates the close relation-
ship between German Government officials and the news agency:
The investigation discloses that the German Embassy and the various German
consulates throughout the country took a lively interest in spreading the work of
the Transocean News Service throughout the country. The records disclose that
these German officials not only acted hi an advisory capacity to Zapp (Dr. Manfred
Zapp) but that they were also actively engaged as solicitors and collection agencies
for Transocean News Service (appendix — part II, p. 975).
The Transocean News Service and other German agencies that
received aid and encouragement from diplomatic and consular officials
are discussed more fully in other sections.
One of the most brazen attempts to install Nazi propaganda ma-
chines in American institutions came to the committee's attention in
the testimony of Dr. John Harvey Sherman, president of the Univer-
sity of Tampa.
Dr. Sherman testified that the university received an offer of a
donation of books for the school library. On looking into the matter,
Dr. Sherman iound that the would-be donor was the German Govern-
ment, operating through Baron Edgar Freiberr Spiegel von und zu
Peckelsheim, consul general at New Orleans. Von Spiegel made it
clear that the German Government "was in the practice" of donating
books to American colleges and universities on condition that the
professor in charge of the German department was acceptable, speak-
ing "the German language correctly from the Government's point of
view."
Baron von Spiegel also played a leading role in a flagrant attempt to
intimidate the editor of a German language newspaper. The editor,
G. F. Neuhauser, an American citizen, testified that he interpreted a
letter written to him by von Spiegel as a direct threat and an effort at
intimidation. Neuhauser had also received a similar letter from Dr.
E. Wendler, who preceded von Spiegel as consul general at New Or-
leans. Translations of both letters are reproduced below:
New Orleans, La.,
February 24, 1938.
Mr. G. F. Xeuhaeuser,
Free Press for Texas, 4100 So. Presa St., San Antonio. Texas.
My Dear Mr. Netjhaeuseb: Your letter of Feb. 2nd of this year induces me
to do what I had been intending to do for several days, to discuss with you the
manner and the tone in which you occasionally report in your newspaper about
Germany.
4 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
If you read the last great speech of Adolf Hitler as he spoke it, you will see
that he has concerned himself earnestly and intently as never before with the
manner of reporting of the foreign press concerning Germany. The flood of lies
and rumors that were spread in the international press about the carrying out
and the aims of personnel changes in the army and diplomatic circles in the
first February days in Germany has given the German Leader the occasion to
take this energetic position.
I have had to establish to my great regret that you report in your paper in
exactly the same way which the German Leader declines and which one can
designate not only as not friendly to Germany but as hostile to Germany. You
write in your edition of February 11, first page, second column below, that
Hitler has "thrown" the conservative element out of the army and substantiate
that with the statement that these generals, in the first place, regarded Italy as an
unreliable fellow; secondly, they regarded a union with Japan as injurious; and
thirdly, strived for a friendship with Russia.
Further you write that three ambassadors were recalled over which the National
Socialists "rejoiced." The Army had also been "made Nazi." You say further
that the diplomacy of Hitler represented the "Hitler system" as never before.
The diplomacy had to obligate itself openly or secretly to Rosenberg's fanatic
theory, etc., etc.
Now, Mr. Neuhaeuser, I cannot avoid the impression that such reporting, to
put it mildly, must be called "unfriendly." Furthermore, what you say does not
correspond at all to the facts. Neither do I know where you could have obtained
these contentions. As a matter of fact, such articles could appear just as well in
a newspaper hostile to Germany. Also the article about Pastor Niemoeller does
not please me at all.
The Leader has declared that in the future Germany will proceed with all means
against international newspaper propaganda which incites and is untrue. As
you will gather from his great speech, he characterizes such propaganda as a
danger for peace with the substantiation that the nations in which such inciting
propaganda is permitted could be incited to war mood against Germany, while
the German people among whom such newspaper propaganda is prohibited could
not be brought into such a mood. The Leader ascribes, therefore, justly to this
inciting propaganda an effect which disturbs peace. Be assured that it is ex-
ceedingly painful to me to have to write this to you; but I feel obligated to do so
after what I have read in your paper lately, especially if I and my staff are to
support you further in your work. There is so much good to report about
Germany, and it is a glorious task to communicate this good to the world; and it is,
as you well know, in a newspaper more than elsewhere the tone which makes the
music.
We two understood each other so very well as we looked into each other's eyes,
and I wish from the bottom of my heart that this understanding will remain
further. I request you heartily to bear this in mind and remain with German
greeting.
Yours sincerely. Sir von Spiegel, General Consul.
P. S. — According to your wish, I am sending you inclosed the text of the speech
of the Leader and Reich Chancellor for vour kind consideration.
New Orleans, La., August 16, 1937.
Mr. (!. F. Neuhaeuser,
Editor, Free Press for Texas, San Antonio, Tea-.
My Dear Mr. Neuhaeuser: I acknowledge with best thanks your letter of the
9th of this month and regret with you that I have no opportunity to talk with
you in detail about it. Indeed, 1 had the feeling in our last conversation that you
had understood me very well. You gave me also the prosped of bringing the
results of our discussion at that time to expression in the attitude of your news-
paper. In the struggle of every day life, the memory of this conversation seems
to Jiave been obliterated again in your mind, so thai a reiteration of what I told
you then would be desirable indeed. Unfortunately, I cannot talk with you in
person since I- shall leave New Orleans on the 21st of the month in order to take
over my new position. The Leader and Reich Chancellor has appointed me
German Ambassador to Bolivia. I shall go first to Berlin for a short time and
from there to my new place. I should like t o make an attempt, as it were, by waj
of farewell to answer your statements as briefly as possible.
UN-AMERICAX PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 5
You say in your letter "that everything thai separates must be dropped and
everything that we have in common must be fostered and established."
In order to be aide to work toward this goal, we must first of all be clear what it,
is that those of German descent in Texas have in common. In the columns of
your newspaper, you regard this common thine; in the first place, the German
language and the works of German culture. The experiences of the past and of
the present should teach us, however, that there is something which goes far
beyond that and that is honor and respect. I can imagine that a person of
German descent who stands constantly in the hard struggle for his minimum
existence has little understanding that it should be necessary to preserve the
German language and German culture, while he presumably experiences it in his
own person what it means for him, the little man, whether he must for the sake
of his German descent count on respect and accommodation or disdain and hate.
He who wishes to summon the German nationals to assembly must stand up for
the German honor and the respect of the German name. German nationalism
in Texas is fundamentally only a part of the German nationalism in the whole
world and its honor and respect, is dependent upon the honor which German
nationalism enjoys in the world and especially in the German homeland. He
who wishes to summon German nationals must not want to draw a line between
German nationalism abroad and German nationalism at home. He must appeal
rather to the pride of this German nationalism and to all that which the German
people not only has accomplished in the past but also in the present. The leaders
of German nationals in Texas can justly be proud that they have succeeded in
initiating in the last few years such a successful gathering movement . You must
at the same time understand that this gathering movement could only be successful,
therefore, because the German nationalism in these years has reason to be proud
of its name. Without the German revival movement of Adolph Hitler would
German nationalism abroad not have awakened again to the consciousness of its
racial ties.
As I expressed these thoughts in our mutual discussion, you agreed with me
absolutely. I have, however, unfortunately up to the present time been able to
observe no effect of our conversation in studying your newspaper. In your news-
paper you try after as well as before to draw a line of demarcation between Ger-
man nationalism in Texas and the German people at home.
Although it may appear superfluous, I wish to emphasize once more explicitly
at this time that the thought would never occur to a National Socialist in a re-
sponsible position even in the remotest way to recommend the transfer of German
National Socialism to the United States. That would contradict the basic con-
ception of National Socialistic thought. According to the conception, every
people has its own conditions of life for which it must find a'so a corresponding
form. Finally, indeed, a nation does not exist for the sake of a definite form of
government but the form of government for the sake of the people. The whole
excitement of the contrast between dictatorship and democracy is senseless. That
is not the question at all. It is not a question of form put of content. For
whom the content is important for him is there only the great contrast between
communism as the power that destroys culture on the one side and the culture
bearing and creative forces on the other side. We believe that a culture can only
grow out of the natural forces of a living nationality and regard, therefore, all
those forces as culture-destroying which destroy and undermine the natural forces
of a nationality. It is indeed not said that these forces appear under the banner
of communism. He who knows the history of the period after the war knows
that in the struggle for power every means of camouflage and disguise is justifiable.
At first this battle was openly directed against capitalism and the middle class,
and only since a dangeorus opponent has arisen to communism in National
Socialism does it seek to unite itself with the liberal middle class in order first
of all to shake off its most difficult opponent. The events in Spain and a'so in
France show quite clearly that communism is ready to enter into an alliance
with the so-called democratic parties in order to destroy them then from within.
Whoever does not see this danger plays intentionally or unintentionally into the
hands of communism. We do not intend to spread National Sociahsm over the
wTorld, but we see it as our task to tear off the mask from the face of communism
in whatsoever form it may appear. Our struggle for the most sacred values of
culture is a battle for life and death. And we shrink not from active interference
where it appears necessary in the interest and preservation of the well-being of
our people.
The German press abroad, which desires to summon the German nationals to
assemble which must, therefore, awaken the pride in the great work of renewal
6 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
which is being accomplished in Germany must esteem it accordingly as its task
to interpret and to explain precisely these active interferences which may seem
to foreign countries difficult to understand. Not in moving away from Germany
but in trying to create an understanding of this new struggle for the future of all
cultural life the German press abroad will serve German nationalism best but
also the adopted country.
I should be glad to have you express with full emphasis in your newspaper these
views which you gave me oral assent at that time. You will find simultaneously
therewith the basis upon which, of that I am certain, and understanding with the
other German newspapers in Texas and within the German nationalism will be
at all possible.
Since Mr. Biebers at that time participated in the discussion, I have taken the
liberty to send him a copy of this letter.
With best greeting I am,
Yours very sincerely,
Dr. E. Wendler.
LIST OF DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR AGENTS OF THE GERMAN GOVERN-
MENT
The committee has obtained an official list from the State Depart-
ment of all officials and employees of the German Embassy and the
various consular offices. Due to the fact that there has been indis-
putable evidence to the effect that Embassy and consular offices were
used for espionage and propaganda purposes and for furtherance of
nazi-ism rather than diplomatic or commercial puiposes, the com-
mittee feels that there should be a public record of names of these
individuals so that, after the war, they will either be prohibited from
returning to this country or so that, if here, they may be kept under
surveillance. The committee presents herewith the complete list of
the German diplomatic and consular agents and employees who were
in this country just prior to the expulsion order of June f6, 1941 :
Officials in the Diplomatic List of the German Embassy, Washington, D. C.
Herr Richard Bottler, second secretary.
Herr Hubert Matthias, attache.
Heir Karl Resenberg, first secretary.
Capt. Peter Riedel, assistant military attache for air.
Herr Hans D. Schmidt-Horix, third secretary.
Herr Wilhelm Tannenberg, first secretary.
Herr Hans Thomsen, Minister Plenipotentiary and Charge d'Affaires ad interim.
Gen. Friedrich von Boetticher, military and air attached
Ulrich Freiherr von Gienanth, second secretary.
Herr Wilhelm- Guenther von Hoyden, third secretary.
Herr Theodor von Knopp, commercial attache.
Herr Ernst Ostermann von Roth, second secretary.
Hen- Heribert von Strempel, first secretary.
Vice Admiral Robert Witthoeft-Emden, naval attache.
Employees in the German Embassy, Washington, D. C.
Else llanna Dora Arnecke, clerk.
Use Bahnemann, assistant.
Paul Sebastian Baur. consular secretary.
Senta Greta Beye, stenographer.
Hermann Richard Bohm, clerk.
Kiiri Friedrich Wilhelm Bohme, consular secretary.
Marlene Brenner, assistant.
Bruno Buyna, consulate secretary.
( !hristel < !arey, secretary.
Friedel Gertrud Crone, stenographer.
Edith Denielsson, stenographer.
Marianne de Barde, clerk
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
Philipp August Dieter, clerk.
Robert Ernst Eggert, assistant.
Werner Leo Eickholt, consul secretary.
Johann Diedrich Entrup, assistant.
Oskar Hans Georg Fabian, consular secretary.
Heinrich F rev tag, assistant.
Paul Karl August Firchow, assistant.
Kurt Guido Fritzsching, consular secretary.
Marie Mercedes Fritzsching, assistant.
Erwin Otto Geiger, clerk.
Willy Paul Martin Granims, chancelor.
Helmut Wilhelni Grathwohl, assistant.
Heinz Haehn, assistant.
Ernst Adolf Hepp, assistant.
Emil August Conrad Hoff, night telephone operator.
Killian Hofmann, messenger.
Otto Gerhard Janssen, first consular secretary.
Alfred Moritz Keil, consular secretary.
Reinhold Friedrich Keppler, consular secsetary.
Alfons Georg Kleindienst, first consular secretary.
Georg Kleinholz, first consular secretary.
Therese Koschutzky, charwoman.
Carl Anton Lendle, messenger.
Otto Robert Christian Lenz, consular secretary.
Wilhelm H. Lenzner, clerk.
Erich Bruno Lochmann, assistant secretary.
Erwin Theodor Maisch, consular secretary.
Johannes Michel, consular secretary.
Johann Friedrich Ludwig Marwede, messenger.
Franz Ferdinand Erich Meuller, messenger.
Helene Nielebock, clerk-assistant. '
Karl Walter Odie, consular secretary.
Gertrud Else Oehlmann, assistant.
Annette Luise Prior, stenographer.
Simon Puschnig, messenger.
Hans Rabe, assistant.
Heinrich Carl Radinger, assistant.
Otto Johannes Christian Rathje, consular secretary.
Helmut Hugo Friederich Raeuber, assistant.
Karl Heinrich Riebau, clerk.
Charlotte Marie Helene Schepelmann, stenographer.
Carl Willibrod Schmalenbach, chauffeur.
Ernst Adalbert Scholvin, assistant.
Franz Frederich Wilhelm Schulz, consul.
Albert Christian Schweikle, messenger.
Hans Karl Heinz Sennhenn, assistant.
Maria Albertine Thurau, stenographer.
Frieda van Megan, stenographer.
Eberhard Johann Heinrich Otto von Blanckenhagen, consulate secretary,
Fritz Wagner, messenger.
Horst Eugen Werth, clerk.
Hildegard Gretchen Hedwig Wiese, stenographer.
Wilhelm Robert Wetzer, assistant.
Wilhelm Wildermuth, messenger.
Wilhelm Ernst Oswald Wolff, assistant.
Christine Zeisler, stenographer.
Ingeborg Sweede, assistant.
German Consular Officers
Emil Leo Baer, consul general, Chicago. 111.
Hans (Johannes) Borchers, consul general, New York, N. Y.
Eckart Briest, vice consul, Cleveland, Ohio
Otto Denzer, vice consul, San Francisco, Calif.
Herbert Eugen Diel, consul general, St. Louis, Mo.
Friedhelm Robert Draeger, consul, New York, N. Y.
Werner Rudolf Duehrssen, consular agent, Newport News-Norfolk, Va.
8 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
Henry Freese, consul, San Juan, P. R.
Georg Gyssling, consul, Los Angeles, Calif.
Hans-Richard Ernst Hirschfeld, consul, New York, N. Y.
Ello Ernst Hudemann, acting honorary consul. Colon, Panama
Karl Kapp, consul general, Cleveland, Ohio.
Georg Fedor Krause-Wichmann, consul. Chicago, 111.
Heinz Lautenschlager, consul, Manila, P. I.
Bernhard Gustav Lippert, vice consul, New York, N. Y.
Siegmar Siegfried Lurtz, consul. New York, N. Y.
Gustav Albert Muller, consul, New York, N. Y.
Ernst Emil Ivan Fritz Neumann, honorary consul, Balboa, C. Z.
Herbert Wilhelm Scholz, consul, Boston, Mass.
Heinrich Schafhausen, vice consul. Philadelphia, Pa.
Heinz K. Thorner, vice consul, New York, N. Y.
Karl Edgar Freiherr Spiegel von und zu Peckelsheim, consul general, New Orleans,
La.
Fritz Wiedemann, consul general, San Francisco, Calif.
Erich Windels, consul general, Philadelphia, Pa.
Walter Hermann Zingelmann, honorary consul, Mobile, Ala.
German Consular Employees
Anna Elisabeth Alles, stenographer, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Josef Franz Bauer, clerk, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Paul Baumann, clerk, consulate, Manila, P. I.
Hertha Helene Beil, consulate, St. Louis, Mo.
Kurt Karl Beyer, secretary, consulate general, San Francisco, Calif.
Johann Boden, secretary, consulate, Cleveland, Ohio.
Kurt Friedrich Wilhelm Bohme, secretary, consulate, Boston, Mass.
Gerhard Hermann Fritz Boldt, secretary, consulate, Boston, Mass.
Otto Richard Borsdorf, messenger, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Liese Busche, stenographer, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Christel Carey, stenographer, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Gertraude Erika Christier, secretary, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Harriet Elisabeth Draegert, stenographer, consulate, Los Angeles, Calif.
Paula Maria Dreehsler. stenographer, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Walter Carl Ehling, first secretary, consulate. New Orleans, La.
Wilhelm Jacob Engel-Emden, nightman, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Elisabeth Maria Essig, clerk, consulate, Boston, Mass.
Maria Susanne Etzel, secretary-stenographer, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Elsa Margarethe Fastenrath, stenographer, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Anneliese Fischer, secretary, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Martha Freitag, stenographer, consulate general, New Orleans, La.
Margot Magda Emmy Frerichs, stenographer, consulate general, New York, N. Y-
Wilhelm Frerichs, employee, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Wilhelm Heinrich Friebel, chancelor, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Gustav Gavierke, secretary, consulate general, New York. N. Y.
Hans Joachim Geier. secretary, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Erwin Otto Geiger, clerk, consulate. New Orleans, La.
Ernst Hermann Gemming, first secretary, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Erna Frida Guhl, stenographer, consulate, Boston, Mass.
Max Grah, clerk, consulate, Los Angeles, Calif.
Helmut Wilhelm Grathwohl, employee, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Hedwig Haase, stenographer, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Wilhelm Ferdinand Haensgen, assistant clerk, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Heinrich Hammann, secretary, consulate, Manila, P. I.
Fritz Heberling, assistant clerk, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Hellmut Fritz Otto Heerling, attache, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Heinrich Heinemann. office assistant, consulate general, San Francisco, Calif.
Kurt Johann Hinseh, clerk, consulate. Los Angeles, Calif.
Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hoff, clerk, consulate, Cleveland, Ohio.
Anna Louise Hunimelbruniier, stenographer, consulate, Xew Orleans, La.
Lilly Illian, stenographer, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Anneliese Janke. stenographer, consulate general, Xew York, X. Y.
Heinz Alhrecht Johannsen. secretary, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Fritz Heinrich Kellenneier, assistant commercial attache, consulate general, New
York, X. Y.
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 9
Margarethe Helene Kempin, stenographer, consulate general, New York, X. Y.
Hubert Christian Kessels, secretary, consulate, .Manila, P. I.
Rudolf Hermann Kleffner, clerk, consulate, Los Angeles, Calif.
Alfons Georg Kleindienst, secretary, consulate general, Chicago. 111.
Isabel Julia Kluge; stenotypist, consulate, Manila, P. I.
Claire (Klara) Marie Koch, stenographer, consulate K<meral, New York, N. Y.
Erich Karl Koechlin, assistant commercial attache, consulate, New Orleans, La.
Karl Koesting, chancelor, consulate, Manila, P. I.
Thea Adelguhde Eordel, stenographer, consulate general. New York. X. Y.
Frieda Anna Kuhhnann, stenographer, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Hermann Lankenau, employee, consulate. St. Louis, Mo.
Louise Johanna Alberta Loeffke, stenographer, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Hermann Loeper, chancelor, consulate general, San Francisco, Calif.
Karl Loerky. secretary, consulate general. New York, X'. Y.
Rudolf Fritz Lohrengel, clerk, consulate. Boston. Mass.
Alfred Wilhelm Julius Lueders, secretary, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Erwin Theodor Maisch, secretary, consulate general, New York. X. Y.
Wolfgang Otto Franko Manner, messenger, consulate general, New York, X*. Y.
Ernst Matthias, clerk, consulate. Philadelphia. Pa.
Elisabeth Margarethe Meyer, stenographer, consulate general, San Francisco,
Calif.
Henriette Therese Ingeborg Meyer, stenographer, consulate, Los Angeles, Calif.
Ingeborg Moerschner, stenographer, consulate general, San Francisco, Calif.
Friedrich Erich Muller, secretary, consulate, St. Louis, Mo.
Hans Oehrmann, clerk, consulate, Cleveland, Ohio.
Eva Schorsch Opderbeck, stenographer, consulate, St. Louis. Mo.
Julius Leopold Otto (deceased July 5, 1941), secretary, consulate general, New
York, X. Y.
Karl Polstorff, chancelor, consulate general, New York. X". Y.
Anneliese Prinz, secretary, consulate general, X'ew York, N. Y.
Gotthard Walter Raehmel, employee, consulate general. X"ew York, N. Y.
Bethold Adolf Rasmus, chancelor. consulate, Xew Orleans, La.
Hans-Winfried Raven, employee, consulate general, Xew York, X'. Y.
Marie-Louise Roessler, clerk, consulate, Baltimore, Md.
Anita Dora Rorig, clerk, consulate, Detroit. Mich.
Helmut Rubarth, secretary, consulate general, San Francisco, Calif.
Franz Russold, clerk, consulate, Cleveland, Ohio.
Frieda Corinne Pauline Sachs, stenographer, consulate general. New York, N. Y.
Georg Johann Schadt, custodian, consulate general, Xew York, XT. Y.
Friedrich Wilhelm Schafer, secretary, consulate, Cleveland. Ohio.
Elizabeth Liesel Schellenberg, secretary, consulate general, New York, X". Y.
Walter H. Schellenberg, employee, consulate general. New York. XT. Y.
Carl Schinkel, employee, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Ludwig Schlich, secretary, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Joachim Nicolaus Schlinker, clerk, consulate general, San Francisco, Calif.
Johann Schmaus, clerk, consulate, New Orleans, La.
Karl Schmid, messenger, mail clerk, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Dorothee Louise Marie Schmidt, stenotypist, consulate, New Orleans, La.
Peter Hubert Schmidt, chancelor, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Alois Schneider, clerk, consulate, St. Louis, Mo.
Alfred Fritz Schorsch, assistant clerk, consulate, St. Louis, Mo.
Erna Martha Schrader, stenographer, consulate general, San Francisco, Calif.
Franz Max Schulze (deceased), clerk, consulate general, San Francisco, Calif.
Bruno Albert Siemers, assistant, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Bernard Trailer, secretary, consulate general, New York, XT. Y.
Hans Vogel, secretary, consulate general, New York, N. Y.
Fritz Franz von Alpen, chancelor, consulate, Cleveland, Ohio.
Max van Kellenbach, chancelor, consulate, Los Angeles, Calif.
Christel Wagener, stenographer, consulate general, San Francisco, Calif.
Anton Wagner, commercial attache, consulate, New Orleans, La.
Edith Louise Weigert, stenographer, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Kurt Werner, clerk, consulate, Los Angeles, Calif.
Edmund Viktor Westphal, assistant clerk, consulate general, Chicago, 111.
Fritz Ferdinand Zeglin, employee, consulate general, XTew York, X. Y.
GERMAN LIBRARY OF INFORMATION
The German Library of Information was one of the principal
agencies of Axis propaganda which operated openly in the United
States prior to the entrance of this country into the war. The
library's printed matter, including books, pamphlets, and periodicals,
were devoted to a vast propaganda campaign of extolling the Nazi
rule, the Nazi leaders, and the Nazi war against civilization.
THE COMMITTEE'S INVESTIGATION
In September 1940 the Special Committee on Un-American Ac-
tivities subpenaed the files and records of the German Library of
Information. Two months later, the committee published a complete
exposure of the library's propaganda activities. (See appendix — ■
part II, entitled "A Preliminary Digest and Report on the Un-American
Activities of Various Nazi Organizations and Individuals in the United
States, Including Diplomatic and Consular Agents of the German
Government.") In January 1941 the committee published a report
which dealt with the use of the mails for the dissemination of Nazi
propaganda by the German Library of Information. (See appendix — ■
part III, entitled "Preliminary Report on Totalitarian Propaganda in
the United States.")
Following the committee's disclosures concerning the nature and
activities of the German Library of Information, Mr. Sumner Welles,
acting under the direction of the President of the United States,
ordered the library to leave the United States. The full text of the
expulsion order is reproduced in the chapter of this volume dealing
with German diplomatic and consular agents.
THE SET-UP OF THE GERMAN LIBRARY OF INFORMATION
The headquarters of the German Library of Information were
located at 17 Battery Place, New York City. The German Consulate
General's office was located at the same address.
The library was established in May 1936 with Heinz Beller as its
director. Beller was succeeded by Matthias Schmitz under whose
direction the library continued until its expulsion from the United
States in June 1941.
From its inception until the time of the committee's investigation
in August 1940 the German Library of Information spent ;i total of
$341,694 in the dissemination of its Nazi propaganda. All of these
funds came directly from the Reich. In fact, the German Consul
General in New York had direct supervision over all of the library's
expenditures.
WAR BROUGHT INCREASED EXPENDITURES
With the outbreak of the war in Europe, there was a sharp increase
in the expenditures of the German Library of Information. From its
inception in L936 until the outbreak of war in September 1939, a
10
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 11
period of 40 months, the library spent only $63,300. From the be-
ginning of the war until August 1940, a period of 12 months, the
library spent $278,394.
These greatly increased expenditures after September 1939 were
devoted wholly to propaganda in support of the Nazi war upon the
countries surrounding the Reich.
THE LIBRARY'S MAILING LIST
The committee obtained by subpena the mailing list of the German
Library of Information. The list included some 70,000 names, and
was built up largely by persons who sent in their own names and the
names of acquaintances. The list was used principally for weekly
mailings of the library's publication, Facts In Review.
THE LIBRARY'S PHONOGRAPH RECORDS
The German Library of Information possessed 10,000 phonograph
records on which were inscribed speeches, lectures, and announce-
ments which had been broadcast over the Nazi short-wave radio from
Germany. These phonograph records were placed in circulation
among clubs, singing societies, and any other groups that would accept
and use them.
GEORGE SYLVESTER VIERECK
One of the writers for the library's publication, Facts in Review, was
George Sylvester Viereck. The complete text of Viereck's contract
with the German Library of Information was as follows:
George Sylvester Viereck
305 riverside drive, new york
September 27, 1939.
Dr. Heinz Beller,
German Library of Information,
ft Battery Phu-i, New York City.
Dear Dr. Beller: In accordance with your request I herewith confirm our
verbal agreement :
(1) I agree to prepare for "Facts in Review" digests of such material as you
place at my disposal from time to time.
(2) I shall be glad to prepare such articles interpreting the German point of
view based on data furnished by you, as we may from time to time agree upon.
(3) I shall hold myself in readiness for editorial consultations with you at
mutually convenient times.
(4) My compensation will be $500, payable monthly in advance.
(.')) This arrangement may be cancelled by either party on three months'
notice.
(6) In the, I trust, remote contingency of a break between the United Stales and
Germany, we are both automatically released from any obligation flowing from
t his agreement.
It is also understood, in accordance with your wishes as well as mine, that I shall
not be asked to prepare or edit any matter derogatory to the United States, or to
undertake any editorial assignment which could possibly conflict with American
laws and my duties as an American citizen. I welcome cooperation with you,
because I can think of no more important task from the point of view of fair play
and the maintenance of peace between your country and mine than to present to
the American public a picture unblurred by anti-German propaganda of the great
conflict now unhappily waging in Europe.
Believe me,
Sincerely yours,
(signed) George Sylvester Viereck.
Agreed :
(signed) Heinz Beller.
12 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
PERSONNEL OF THE GERMAN LIBRARY OF INFORMATION
Under the subpena served by the committee, the library supplied
the following' data concerning its personnel:
Following is a resume of the library's departments and employees
as well as their functions:
I. Central Department:
Heinz Beller, Director (now on leave of absence).
Dr. Matthias Schmitz, Director.
Mr. C. G. Kropp, Assistant, to the Director and in charge of personnel.
Miss E. Mickinn, Secretary.
Mr. J. Majewski, Junior Clerk.
Miss H. Wenzel, in charge of telephone.
The Central Department, as indicated by its name, is the department where
all threads of the library combine as the governing body.
II. Research Department and Library:
Mr. R. M. Sommer, Head of Department.
Mr. K. Mottet, Assistant.
Miss R. E. Buchler, Librarian.
Miss H. Androsch, Secretary.
This Department deals with all inquiries on subjects relating to Germany,
whether these inquiries be made by visitors, over the telephone, or through
letters —
(1) by direct information,
(2) recommending of reference books,
(3) procuring of books or references to other American or German libraries,
(4) if necessary forwarding of inquiries to German research and science
■ institutions;
routine library work, registration, classification, filing of magazines and news-
papers, interlibrary exchange as well as restricted circulation. The books con-
tained in the library deal primarily with German subjects.
III. Archives:
Mr. H. Schueler, in charge of text and picture archives.
Mr. H. Muenz, in charge of sound library and slide collections.
Mr. J. Rchm, Assistant.
Miss Ch. Winder, Secretary.
To make available for the American public the most up-to-date source of
information on Germany, the archives contain:
(1) complete sets of German News Service bulletins —
(2) official reports,
(3) German laws and regulations,
(4) statistical material etc., as taken from news services, newspapers and
magazines.
The picture archive comprises press photographs which may be borrowed
free of charge for use in newspapers, periodicals, other publications, exhibitions, etc.
The collection of lantern slides and recordings (sound library) are of help in
preparing of educational lectures on Germany and German affairs and serve as
references as well.
IV. Mailing Department:
Mr. W. A. Graff, Head of Depart incut and in charge of stores, purchas-
ing, and statistics.
Miss E. Schuster, Stenographer.
Mr. F. Ott, in charge of special group file.
Miss M. Meier, Assistant in t his snlxlepart nient .
Miss Ch. Kuehnerich, employed making addressograph plates.
Mr. W. Ileineinann, in charge of servicing addressograph plate filing
cabinets.
Mr. (). Penzler, Assistant and in spare time aiding in addressing.
Mr, H. Fischer, addressograph machines.
Mr. I1'. Zimmer, addressograph machines.
\lr. K. Mueller, packing, mailing, and in charge of storeroom.
Mr. P. Fiebig, Assistant and in spare time aiding in addressing.
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 13
All addressing of envelopes for regular mailing <>f Facts in Review as w <■! I
as of special mailings is being handled in I his departmenl ; dispatch of letters
and parcels of books, records, slides, etc., is also handled here.
V. Correspondence Department:
Mr. EL Rohrer, Head of Department.
Mrs. Esen, Mrs. Oswald, Miss Koerrier, and Miss Berger, Stenographers.
VI. Bookkeeping Department:
Mr. EC. Disse. The Department handles all bookkeeping and pay-
ments.
VII. Editorial Departmenl :
Mr. 11. Schafhausen and Mr. A. Romain, Editors.
Mr. O. Lenz, Clerk.
Miss A. Alles, Secretary.
The editorial staff edits and prepares the weekly publication Facts in Review
and assists in the preparation of all other publications of the library.
Mr. George Sylvester Viereck is under contract for special editorial work and
literary advice in connection with all publications.
New York, September 3, 1.940.
SHORT-WAVE BROADCASTS FROM GERMANY
A special feature of the library's propaganda work was the weekly
publication of a bulletin which provided all pertinent information
concerning short-wave broadcasts from Germany. This weekly
bulletin entitled? 'Germ any Calling" was issued down to the time'of
the closing of the library by order of the President on June 16, 1941.
OTHER PROPAGANDA MATERIAL PUBLISHED BY THE LIBRARY
The wide range of the propaganda material disseminated by the
German Library of Information is illustrated by the following list of
the titles of its periodicals, books, and pamphlets:
1. Facts in Review, a weekly bulletin.
2. Facts and Figures about Germanv. Reprinted from Americana Annual for
1939.
3. Exchange of Communications between the President of the United States
and the Chancellor of the German Reich. April 1939. Issued May 1939.
4. German White Book. Documents Concerning the Last Phase of the German-
Polish Crisis. September 1939.
5. German Christinas Carols and Christmas Toys. Christmas 1939.
6. Polish Acts of Atrocity against the German Minority in Poland. April 1940.
7. Pictorial Report of Polish Atrocities. April 1940.
8. German White Book. Documents on the Events preceding the Outbreak of
the War. July 1940.
9. German White Book. Britain's Designs on Norway. August 1940.'
10. Allied Intrigue in the Low Countries.
11. Electrical Transcriptions of German Short- Wave Broadcasts.
12. Germany Calling. A weekly publication announcing forthcoming broadcasts
from Germanv.
13. Caspar David Friedrich, His Life and Work.
14. The Second Hunger Blockade.
15. The War in Maps.
16. A Nation Builds.
17. Educational Records.
18. Musical Records.
19. Reference Books on Germany.
20. German Forests, Treasures of a Nation.
21. Werkstoffe., Miracles of German Chemistry.'
GERMAN RAILROADS INFORMATION OFFICE
According to its director, the German Railroads Information Office
was an official agency of the Nazi Government. Although this agency
was ostensibly a business enterprise set up for the purpose of promot-
ing rail travel in Germany, it was in fact primarily a Nazi propa-
ganda outlet. It is a characteristic of the totalitarian society that
all of its business institutions must be coordinated with the political
state. There is no such thing as a separation of business and the
state under the Nazis.
THE COMMITTEE'S INVESTIGATION
In August 1940, the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
subpenaed all the records, files, and correspondence of the German
Railroads Information Office. In November 1940, the committee
published a report which exposed the subversive character of this
Nazi agency. On June 16, 1941, Mr. Sumner Welles, acting under
the direction of the President of the United States, ordered the
German Railroads Information Office to leave the United States.
The full text of the order expelling the German Railroads Infor-
mation Office from the United States is reproduced in the chapter
of this volume dealing with German diplomatic and consular agents.
THE SET-UP OF THE GERMAN RAILROADS INFORMATION OFFICE
The headquarters of the German Railroads Information Office
were located at 11 West Fifty-seventh Street, New York City.
Branch offices were maintained in Chicago and San Francisco. The
director of the office was one Ernst Sehmitz.
SCHMITZ: AN AXIS INTELLIGENCE AGENT
The committee obtained possession of a letter which disclosed the
fact that Ernst Sehmitz, director of the German Railroads Informa-
tion Office, was a member of the Intelligence Service of the Rome-
Berlin Axis. This letter, addressed to Manfred Zapp of the Trans-
ocean News Service, reads as follows:
Ernst Schmitz,
11 West Fifty-seventh Street,
New York, .V. ¥., November 30, 1939.
Dr. Zapp,
Aew York, N. Y.
Dear Dr. Zapp: On Wednesday December lith at 7 P. M. a number of people
of the Intelligence Service of the Rome-Berlin Axis are meeting at my private
apartment od the third floor of the house, 1 1 West 57th Street, for a very informal
dinner.
I should lie happy if you could join and 1 should be grateful if you could give
me your answer by Monday afternoon, by telephoning by my office, using I hi'
number Wickersham 2-0224.
With kind regards. Ileil Hitler!
(Signed) Schmitz.
(Accepted by telephone.)
14
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 1")
NAZI PROPAGANDA IN TRAVEL BOOKLETS
The German Railroads Information Office distributed hundreds of
thousands of beautifully lithographed information booklets for tourists
which were little more than propaganda tracts for nazi-ism. The
following are some of the samples of this propaganda:
Berlin and Its Environ
But here one is standing on historic ground, for the shoii distance across to the
Wilhelmstrasse, the way "from the Kaiserhof to the Reich Chancery" which
Dr. Josef Goebbels has described so vividly and thrillingly in his book was hard
and difficult and involved great toil and sacrifice. Adolf Hitler used to stay here
at the Kaiserhof when his mission called him to Berlin, and it was from the
Kaiserhof that he moved over to the Wilhelmstrasse as victor on the 30th January.
1933. The surrounding walls could tell of the jubilation of the hundreds of
thousands who filled the square and the adjoining streets on that evening; the
windows reflected the glare of countless torches carried by the endless processions
which came from Unter den Linden to greet Adolf Hitler, the German people's
Chancellor; and until late at night the walls reechoed the shouts of the crowd
while the songs of the Movement rose to the skies like jubilant prayers of thanks-
giving and the National Anthem was sung again and again. Four years later the
torches flamed again in an endless procession, the jubilation of a vast crowd was
boundless and the shouts of "Heil" echoed again until the Fuhrer and Reich
Chancellor appeared on the simple balcony on that day, the fourth anniversary
of the national resurgence, to thank the multitude for their loyalty which streamed
towards him like one vast wave of gratitude. The shouts reechoed and songs
were sung with enthusiasm until late on that memorable night.
At all hours people stand on. this square, gazing up longingly at the curtained
windows of the Reich chancery in the hope that they may see the Fuhrer and catch
his eye for once in their lives.
At all hours of the day people stand here and uaze up longingly at the tall
windows behind which the Fuhrer lives and works, and the question which is
constantly on many lips is how he lives and what things are like inside.
But perhaps one of us might see it all with enlightened eyes, for the Fuhrer's
picture lives in all hearts; yet perhaps the description should be left to a perfectly
impartial observer. "The palace in the Wilhelmstrasse in which the Fuhrer lives
and works." reports a French woman journalist (Madame Titayna, correspondent
of Paris Soir) in giving an account of her reception by the Fuhrer. "is of a simplicity
of line, an architecture and interior decoration in keeping with the national
rectitude of the New Germany — first comes a wide well-lit staircase, a gallery,
plain rooms and then the Fuhrer's work-room. Fdid not have to wait long.
State .Secretary Funk fetched me from the anteroom, which is furnished with
modern comfortable armchairs. The main impression of the reception by Hitler
is one of great simplicity. The Fuhrer advanced to meet me with outstretched
hand. I was astonished and surprised by the blueness of his eyes which look a?
if they were brown in photographs, 1 noticed that he looks quite different to his
pictures, and I prefer the reality, this face full of intelligence and energy that
lights up when he speaks. At that moment I realized the magical influence by
this leader of men and his power over the masses.
Munich the Capital of the National Socialist Movement
The foreword is an extract from Mem Kampf by Adolf Hit ler.
PHOTOGRAPHS
Party Memorial at the Feldherrn Hall erected in memory of the Fuhrer's
faithful followers who met their death here on the 9th November 1923.
In the Temple of Honour on the Konigsplatz, the first men to give their lives
for the National Socialist Movement sleep their long last sleep.
The Fuhrer's House in the Konigsplatz.
The Great Reception Hall in the Fuhrer House.
The House of German Art. In the background the Prinz Karl Palais, where
Signor Mussolini resided during his stay in Munich.
279895 — 43 — Appendix 7 2
16 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
Germany the Land of Music
In this, the capital of the Nationalist Socialist Movement. Two organizations
which owe their existence to the Fuhrer; namely, the "Strength through Joy"
organization and the "National Socialist Kultur Gemeinde."
Young people also learn much of the significance of community singing in the
two state organizations "Hitler Jugend" (Hitler Youth) and "Bund Deutscher
Madel" (League of German Girls). Everywhere the innate love of music is
fostered and developed and the lads in the Labour Service Camps and the stal-
wart Storm Troopers sing at their work or on the march and have their own
very fine bands.
Sport in Germany
Foreword: And so sport is not only there to make the individual strong,
skillful and daring, but it must also harden him and teach him to suffer injustice.
(Editor's note. — This is evidently a mistaken translation of the German. It
should read "to endure hardship.") — From Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf.
PHOTOGRAPH
The Fuhrer and Reich Chancellor in the grounds of the Reichs Sports Field in
Berlin.
The enthusiasm and the devotion to the cause of our fatherland and the
Olympic ideas led to the German sports movement.
In hardly any other form of sport in Germany has there been such a boom,
owing to National Socialism, as in motoring. Its revival and increase, which are
due solely to the Fuhrer's initiative, are unique.
Gliding not only serves the purposes of sport and aeronautical research, but
is also a school for the character in which the rising generation are trained ideo-
logically in the National-Socialist spirit to be simple and unassuming.
Gives regional leaders and instructors of the German League for Physical
Exercises. In a number of instances these are listed as Storm Troop leaders.
Germany, Land of the Healing Spas
In harmony with the social ideas of the German people which have been
greatly strengthened by the national movement of late.
Germany, Munich, and the Bavarian Alps
Munich is the seat of the headquarters of the National Socialist Germar.
Workers Party (NSDAP). Through the powerful initiative of the Fuhrer and
Reich [Chancellor, Adolf Hitler, Munich is now experiencing another period
of town planning and cultural activity.
Rosenheim, 1,460 feet, 22,000 inhabitants, an old town on the Inn. Birth-
place of Field Marshal Hermann Goring.
There are two motoring organizations in Germany; namely, the "National-
sozialistisches Kraftfahrer Corps" (NSKK), Berlin W-. Graf-Spee Strasse 6,
tel. 259791, an independent organization attached to the National Socialist Party,
and, second, "Der Deutsche Automobil Club."
Another national memorial is the grave of Horst YVessel in the Nikolai ( 'cnietery
near the Prenzlauer Tor. Hoist Wessel, the author and composer of the National
Socialist song, "Die Fahne hoch," Storm Troop leader and national hero, died on
the 23rd of February 1930. The room in which he died in the Horst Wessel
Hospital (on the Friedrichshain) has been converted into a memorial room.
In the Fehrbelliner Platz a monument lias been erected in commemoration of
those who gave their lives for the National-Socialist Movement in Berlin.
Germany's Universities and Colleges
The young National-Socialist Germany extends a cordial welcome to all foreign
students. All German universities and colleges are now imbued with an energetic,
opt imist ic, modern spirit.
Germany East Prussia
No wonder therefore that the National Socialist movement took root in East
Prussia at a \ er\ early dale and broughl about a fresh period of active develop-
ment for t he whole count rv.
l\ AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 17
Travel in Germany
After five years of Adolf Hitler's leadership visitors to Germany will be able to
appreciate the enormous progress already made in town planning, and to admire
the monumental effects produced by gigantic undertakings, Not less care has
been bestowed, under the direction of the Fuhrer himself, upon t he improve-
ment of roads and railways in this beautiful country.
The recovery of the old Eastern March (probably meaning marsh) is Adolf
Hitler's personal achievement, and the greal historical event is doubly impres-
sive because fate allowed him to achieve the union of his own native country with
Germany. It is also due to his political energy and resolute love of peace that the
last of the ureal German minorities which were kept apart and separated from the
Reich by the dictate of Versailles, was' enabled to find its way back to the German
State. By welding together the National and Socialist ideas Adolf Hitler created
the National Socialist Movement under which the leadership of the Fuehrer won
and conquered the whole nation. The first step toward National Socialist
reorganization was the restoration of internal peace by carrying out a gigantic
program of economic reconstruction in all directions. The head of the State and
leader of the German nation and National Socialist Movement is the Fuehrer
and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler. The National Socialist German Workers
Party, the only political party in Germany, is the upholder of the ideas and of
the ideology which have brought about the national renewal of Germany. It
supplies in the first place the political leaders, looks after the political training
of the nation and is instrumental in mastering the great tasks imposed on the
community in these times. At the Party Congresses in Nuremberg, the National
Socialist German Workers Party and its powerful formations review ever vear
their vows to the Fuehrer and the nation. The Berlin of the National Socialist
era will not be conspicuous for skyscrapers, but it is planned to offer the best
possible faculties for the traffic of the future and to form a new architecturally
harmonious unity as conceived by the Fuehrer himself.
1 The main spring of, the chief creative power behind, the great economic work
of reconstruction is the National Socialist idea, its organic conception of national
and economic development which aims at setting free all productive forces of the
nation and promoting individual initiative within the limits of an economic
organization that gives the common weal precedence, before everything else
and at the same time ensures an improvement in the standard of living, the
greatest possible equilibrium of social conditions and the freedom of the economic
process from disturbing fluctuations.
Southern Bavaria
High above Berchtesgaden, crowning the Obersalzberg, stands the country
home of the Fuehrer and Chancellor of the Reich, giving to this lovely spot a special
consecreation in the Newr Reich.
Never forget that the most sacred of rights in this world is that to the soil
which you till yourself, and that the most sacred sacrifice is the blood shed for this
soil.
PROPAGANDA BUDGET OF THE GERMAN RAILROADS INFORMATION OFFICE
All examination of the expenditures of the German Railroads
Information Office revealed as clearly as its tourist travel booklets
that this Nazi agency was engaged in a propaganda campaign to sell
nazi-ism to the American people.
In 1938, when tourist travel from the United States to Germany
numbered 73,500 persons, the expenditures of the German Railroads
Information Office totaled $186,500.
In HMO, after tourist travel from the United States to Germany
had dropped to 2,000 persons, the expenditures of the German Rail-
roads Information Office rose to $1,339,759.
18 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
MAILING LIST OF THE GERMAN RAILROADS INFORMATION OFFICE
The mailing list of the Information Office which the committee
obtained by subpena revealed the fact that this Nazi agency had
collected the names and addresses of 125,000 individuals in the United
States. This mailing list was used for the purpose of promulgating
the organization's Nazi propaganda.
The committee also discovered that the American FelloAvship
Forum had assisted in the compilation of this mailing list of the
German Railroads Information Office.
PROPAGANDA BY FILMS
The German Railroads Information Office offered schools, colleges,
and churches up-to-date motion picture films of Hitler's Reich. These
films were shipped by express prepaid with no charges for rental or
handling.
TRANSOCEAN NEWS SERVICE
In keeping with the theory and practice of the totalitarian state,
the Nazi government, shortly after its assumption of power, took over
absolute control of all of the media of expression in Germany and all
equipment and agencies used to express German views and ideology
in foreign countries. One of these agencies was the Transocean News
Service.
Before the rise of Hitler to power, the Transocean News Service
was a legitimate news-disseminating agency comparable to the Asso-
ciated Press, the United Press, and the International News Service.
After its "coordination" into the Nazi scheme of tilings, the Trans-
ocean News Service was transformed into an agency for the dissemina-
tion of Nazi propaganda and was utilized by the Hitler regime as an
organization which could, with a minimum of suspicion, engage in
espionage activities.
THE COMMITTEE'S INVESTIGATION
Iii August 1940 the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
subpenaed all of the records of the Transocean News Service. During
the ensuing 2 months these records were translated and studied. In
November 1940 the committee issued a special report on the Trans-
ocean News Service. This report wTas entitled "A Preliminary Digest
and Report on the Un-American Activities of Various Nazi Organiza-
tions and Individuals in the United States, Including Diplomatic and
Consular Agents of the German Government," and was published
as appendix, part II.
The report revealed that the Transocean News Service was noth-
ing more nor less than a propaganda arm of the Nazi regime. Fol-
lowing this disclosure by the committee, the Assistant Secretary of
State, acting under the direction of the President of the United States,
ordered the Transocean News Service to leave the country. The
full text of the expulsion order is reproduced in the chapter of this
volume dealing with German diplomatic and consular agents.
THE CONVICTION OF ZAPP AND TONN
Following this exposure by the committee, all of the documents and
records in the committee's possession were referred to the Depart-
ment of Justice for prosecution. As a result, the Department indicted
Manfred Zapp and Guenther Tonn (Zapp's assistant) for failing to
register properly with the State Department as agents of a foreign
principal as is required by the act of June 8, 1938. They were sub-
sequently tried and convicted, but, instead of serving their sentences
they were returned to Germany in exchange for two American news-
papermen who had been arrested there.
19
20 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
THE SET-UP OF THE TRANSOCEAN NEWS SERVICE
The Transocean News Service was founded in Germany around 1914
as a legitimate news service comparable to the Associated Press,
International News Service, and United Press of this country. It
carried on its functions as a legitimate and reputable news agency
until the advent of Hitler in Germany at which time it was taken over
by the Nazis and converted into what amounted to a propaganda
and espionage agency for Germany. It operated throughout the
world and it first became active in the United States in October 1938,
when Manfred Zapp was sent to this country to establish it here and
to use it as a front for the dissemination of Nazi propaganda to the
American people and to gather vital information for the Nazi govern-
ment. Zapp arrived in the United States on August 29, 1938. He
entered on German passport No. 175, issued at Ratingin, Germany,
on November 17, 1934, and was classified as a nonimmigrant under
section 3 of the Immigration Act of 1924. He had the status of a
treaty merchant. Zapp was born in Dusseldorf, Germany, about
1902 and had previously been to America in 1931 and 1932 as a lecturer
in this country and Canada. While here he spent much time on the
west coast, especially around Seattle.
Prior to Zapp's coming to the United States, he had been attached
to Transocean News Service in Berlin and before that he was the
agency's representative in South Africa. It was found by the com-
mittee that he had also traveled considerably throughout Europe
where he had made important contacts.
The headquarters of Transocean News Service was located at 341
Madison Avenue, New York City. So far as the committee was able
to determine, Transocean did not employ any reporters except a
newspaper man in Washington by the name of Tom Davis, who was
retained by Zapp to cover the White House and State Department,
as well as to attend as many of the diplomatic functions as possible.
The following is a list of the employees of Transocean News Service
in New York:
Zapp, Manfred Leher, Luchvig
Tonn, Guenther Lehwald, Siri
Alios, Marie Lingelbach, Margaret he
Bode, Charlotte Marotta, Rose
Davis, Tom Matthiesen, Niels
Davis, Mary Nair McCullough, Arthur F.
Foerwter, Rudi Posselt, Era
Goetz, Walter Posselt, Erich
Grone, Fred Quisenberry, Arthur
Guenther, Ernst Riker, Edwin S.
Hawk, William Russell, William R.
Hoffmeister, William Schimanski, Alice
Hunck, Joseph von Bothmer, F.
Kampmann, Edwin A. von Eckardt, H.
(Caspar, Hildogard Wiegand, Guenther
Kotz, Ernst
EXPENDITURES
Expenditures of Transocean in New York were approximately
$6,000 per month and the income from the sale of the news service
was about $300 per month. An examination of the account of Trans-
ocean News Service in the Chase National Bank of New York
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 21
revealed that from January 1939 to July 1940 it had a total deposit
of $i:-!(i,uii(); and from an examinal ion of the records found in the
office of Transocean it was determined that for the same period the
income from the sale of its news service amounted to only $6, 149.44.
This clearly shows the aniounl of subsidy which was being furnished
Zapp by the Nazi government to carry on his propaganda work.
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN TRANSOCEAN AND OTHER OFFICIAL GERMAN
AGENCIES
In examining- the subpenaed files the committee learned that Zap})
worked in close collaboration with the German Embassy and the
various German consulates throughout the United States, as well as
other official agencies of the German Government, such as the Ger-
man railroads, and the German Library of Information. The follow-
ing is a list of the diplomatic and consular officials of the German
Government who actively assisted Zapp and Transocean in this
country:
Friedhelm Draeger, vice consul, consulate general, New York.
Hans Joachim Geier, consular secretary in consulate general, New York.
Ernst Hepp, assistant in the Embassy.
Karl Kapp, consul at Cleveland.
Fritz .Kellermeier, clerk, consulate geneial, New York.
George Krause-Wichman, vice consul, consulate general, Chicago.
Siegmar Lurtz, consul, consulate general, New York.
Maisch, an assistant in consulate general, New Yoik.
Schlich, a secretary in consulate general, New York.
Herbert Scholz, consul general, Boston.
E. Freiherr von Spiegel, consul general, New Orleans.
Spiegelman, attached to German consulate, Mobile.
Heribert von Strempel, first secretary, Embassy.
Hans Thomsen, counselor of Embassy.
As a matter of fact the Embassy and consular officials were the
principal media for the dissemination of the Transocean News releases.
The committee has evidence that certain consular officials furnished
the Transocean News releases free of charge to certain German-language
newspapers which were published in this country. The activities of
Zapp were not confined entirely to the United States. It was also
his job to set up Transocean in South and Central America. It has
been established by the committee that Transocean News Service
was furnished to a number of small newspapers in certain South
American countries and that the editors of these newspapers were
directly subsidized by Transocean to publish their propaganda.
For a complete and detailed report on. the activities of Transocean
News Service, see appendix, part II, published late in 1940.
PEOPLE'S LEAGUE FOR GERMANDOM ABROAD
(Volksbund Fuer das Deutschtum im Ausland)
The V. D. A. (Volksbund Fuer Das Deutschtum Im Ausland) was
founded in Germany around 1880 for the purpose of maintaining and
promoting German institutions and German culture among Germans
living anywhere in the world. When Adolf Hitler came into power
on January 30, 1933, the V. D. A. was reorganized and brought under
Nazi control. Since that time it has been an instrument of the
Nazi Party for the propagation of Nazi ideas and propaganda among
the people of German extraction living throughout the world. From
this committee's investigation it has been determined that the V. D.
A. has also been utilized by the Nazi government as an espionage
agency.
The headquarters of the V. D. A. are at 97 Martin Luther Strasse,
Berlin, Germany. Ernst Wilhelm Bohle was appointed by Hitler
to head this organization. In the Berlin office, there are sections for
each country throughout the world where Germans reside in any
number. This report deals only with the American section.
The present head of the "Comradeship U. S. A." of the V. D. A.
is Walter Kappe, former editor of the German-American Bund
newspaper in this country, the Deutscher Weckruf Unci Beobachter.
Kappe, now an officer in the German Army, is the subject of a Nation-
wide spy hunt now being conducted by the Federal authorities.
According to a recent announcement by the F. B. I., Kappe is believed
to be in this country directing all sabotage activities of the Nazi
government. Other individuals who are located in the American
section of V. D. A. in Berlin are:
Hugo Haas, former bund leader in Bidgewood, N. J.
X. Vennekohl, former bund leader in Fori land, Oreg.
Jiitz Gissibl, founder of the Teulonia sceiety which was the forerunner of the
German- American Bund.
This committee obtained a confidential communication written in
German which was sent out to all members of the "Comradeship,
U. S. A." of the V. D. A. in January 1941, from the Office of Germanism
at Stuttgart. This confidential communication announced the
appointment of Walter Kappe to the leadership of the "Comradeship,
U. S. A." to replace Fritz Gissibl. The following is the translation of
the announcement by Gissibl and the acceptance by Walter Kappe of
the appointment:
To the Comradeship ISA.:
The year 1939 with its greal political and military events lias partially dissolved
the close hands which bound the Comradeship together. Many left their former
circles of activity to become soldiers or have been transferred in the meantime to
one of (he new territories. A meeting in Stuttgart provided the incentive to
resume contact by the Central Office with all comrades. To this end Party
Member, Walter Kappe, who meanwhile lias returned from the army, will take
over tin' Leadership of th< Comradeship and will renew the bonds through Ihis
22
UN- AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 23
circular letter. I beg each individual to resume active participation in the work
of his respective group for I am convinced that our work in the future will be of
significance.
In old loyalty Heil Hitler!
Fritz GlSSIBL.
I have accepfed the leadership of the Comradeship U. S. A. after a discussion
with Fritz Gissibl and Sepp Schuster, who meanwhile has been called up for
military service, on the grounds that a Central Office of the Comradeship U. S. A.
must also exist in time of war. This circular letter is to assisi in renewing contaci
with all comrades, men and women, from Stuttgart. I depend upon the coopera-
tion of everyone. Heil Hitler!
Walter Kappe.
Attached to this announcement was a "strictly confidential"
letter from Kappe to all comrades explaining the reasons for the
establishment of the "Comradeship, U. S. A." and advising them
of the resumption of their activities. It will be noted that at the
bottom, of Kappe's letter, the following is added:
Attached to this letter is a report which is 1o be considered as strictly confidential
concerning the position of Germanism in the United States v\hich is to keep the
comrades informed.
Certain sections of this document divulge the espionage activities
of the organization:
Contact with the United States:
It is of the greatest interest that the comrades maintain relations by letter with
their acquaintances in the United States or renew these relations while observing
the prescribed caution. In this respect it should be particularly noted that the
recipient should not be endangered by careless remarks on our part. Any criticism
or interference in internal American affairs should be avoided. Firm confidence
in the \ictory of Greater Germany should ring out in our letters.
Letters may best be sent "Via Siberia" with exact observance of postal regula-
tions.
Important to us are reports concerning public opinion in the United States, such
as the nature of the attitude of Germans, whose clubs have disbanded, how the
average American considers the situation, how anti-Jewish sentiment is developing,
elc. But in every case it must be avoided to ask these questions directly of the
recipient of the letters.
/ lequest all comrades to furnish me with excerpts from their Utters from the United
States, in so far as they contain information on the subjects mentioned above.
The following sections of Kappe's report are significant in that the
German Government therein acknowledges the effectiveness of this
committee's exposures against both its official and unofficial agents
and organizations who have been operating in this country. It will
also be noted in Kappe's report below that the German-American
Bund is referred to as:
the most indoctrinated combat group in American Germanism —
and that:
membership (in the German- American Bund) has dropped and some local groups
which were like fortified outposts in enemy country have had to be given up, but
there are today still about 40 local groups ranged around the three centers — New
York, Chicago, and San Francisco.
The following are excerpts from Kappe's report:
Accordingly, anti-German propaganda had it comparatively easy since the
great mass of the thousands and thousands of .societies and little groups, lodges
and people's organizations in which Germanism was split up, patiently permitted
all agitation and defamation to pass over it and furthermore lived under the mad
delusion — in which it was strengthened even more by the (Jerman-language
press — that now a quiet attitude was the first duty of citizenship and one should
24 UN-AMEEICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
hold aloof from politics and limit one's self strictly to one's club program or one's
confessional persuasions and the wave of hate would pass by them. That this
was a false conclusion must have been apparent in the meantime for, regardless
of whether it was a matter of proclamations of the large central organizations,
of German evenings of German nationals or of the programs organized by German-
American associations, they were disturbed, forced out of their intended frame-
work or suppressed entirely. Xo difference was made between defaming the
combat program of the American-German Volksbund and opposing a resolution
of the Steuben Society of America directed against British propaganda in the
United States.
Naturally, the American-German Volksbund which is by far that most active
and most indoctrinated combat group in American-Germanism always stands
in the forefront of the anti-German agitation. Although it operates on a fully legal
basis and is a purely American affair in which only naturalized or native-born
Americans can be accepted as members, it is placed under the law of exceptions
(Ausnahmegesetz) together with the Communists (since the German-Russian
pact the American press now writes only about the "Communazis") and its lead-
ers are constantly called before the Congressional Committee for the Investigation
of "Un-American Activities." Members of the Bund (the name "Bund" and the
designation "Bundist" have in the meantime been included in the American
vocabulary for members of the Bund) may not be employed in any strategic or
armament industry, and are also subject to strict surveillance. Bolice raids on
the summer camps of the Bund, the so-called "camps," are common, although they
are always without result and in no case have the alleged stocks of weapons or
other "war material" imported from Germany for the purpose of a revolution by
force been found.
It is true that since the beginning of the war the Bund has suffered losses in its
unequal fight against a superior power, which controls the public opinion of the
country and has at its disposal unlimited funds. Membership has dropped and
some local groups which were like fortified outposts in enemy country have had
to be given up, but there are today still about 40 local groups ranged around the
three centers at Xew York, Chicago, and San Francisco, and the new leader of
the Bund, the American-born Wilhelm Kunze, could state with justified pride at
the Chicago National Congress in the late summer of 1940: "We still exist in the
midst of the poisonous war propaganda! We exist in a situation in which during
the last war all German organizations broke up. That is proof enough that we
have the prerequisites in our movement to hold out!"
The official represt ntatives of the Reich in the United States are subject to similar
hostile attacks, as well as other official German agencies. Constantly under
surveillance by secret agents, plain-clothes men and agents provocateurs, their
activity is continually the subject of sensational press articles and so-called
"investigations."
In particular, it is the German Consulate General in New York, the Library of
Information which is a part of this Consulate, the New York office of the German
Railways and the German Transocean Service, which are constantly named in the
press as "centers of Nazi propaganda in the United States" and whose activity
recently was denounced in a "White Book" of the Investigating Committee headed
by Representative Martin Dies as "subversive."
Furthermore, the work of the " Kyffhauserbund of German war veterans' societies"
has also recently been strongly attacked in the press.
It would be a mistake, however, to conclude from what has been said in this
report that American Germanism has in this fateful hour entirely failed. How-
ever, if lacks the organizational structure, it lacks, in many cases, the national
strength and discipline, but in their hearts the Germans of America experience
very deeply the powerful revolution in Europe. They follow breathlessly on
their short-wave receivers every phase of the German struggle and they always
feel themselves strengthened in their pride in their Germanism through the
heroism of the German soldiers.
The AM). A. office in Germany lias been the source of large quantities
of Nazi propaganda materia] which lias been distributed to Germans
living abroad. Tin- V.D.A. was also responsible for Hie production of
;t Dumber of propaganda films which had as their theme the uniting
of the German people into a superior race. In the United States, the
WD. A. made use of many German societies and celebrations to spread
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 25
Nazi propaganda. In this they were rather successful. The com-
mittee's investigation revealed that the V.D.A. and the German-
American Bund worked very closely together and in 1938 the V.I). A.,
working in collaboration with the German-American Bund, the Ger-
man Railroad Information Office, and the Hamburg Steamship Lines,
arranged for 15 hoys and 15 girls from the United States to spend 6
weeks in Germany at German camps where they were indoctrinated
with nazi-ism.
Carl Guenther Orgell, Great Kills, Staten Island, N\ Y., was regis-
tered with the State Department as an agent for V.D.A. He was
active in the distribution of V.D.A. propaganda among the German
population in the United States and in carrying out this work cooper-
ated very closely with the German-American Bund, the Kyffhauser-
bund, and certain pro-Nazi individuals which this committee has had
under investigation. It was also Orgell's "mission" to supply pro-
Nazi textbooks to German language schools here. To substantiate
this, the committee reproduces a letter which may be found on page
871, volume 2, executive hearings, from Orgell to the Reyerend J. J.
Kasiske, which reads as follows:
Dear Pastor: Mr. Hans Ackermann informed me that you wish now school
books for your German language school. I have the American franchise of the
V. D. A., an organization for culture existing more than 50 years. One of our
tasks is the promotion of the German language instruction. If you will be so
kind and give me the number of children in your individual classes, then will I
gladly send a request to Berlin to send to you without cost picture reading books.
We have as picture books "Xeue Fiebel," by Richard Lange; "Leselust," in three
different editions with the new German vertical writing, called Suetterlin writing,
or with the former usual oblique writing, called the normal writing, or with latin
script, called Steinshrift. As readers we recommend Hirt's German reader for
the second year. If you inform me how many you need of each kind, then will
I forward the order at once. I would be grateful to you if you could tell me
something about German nationalism in your region.
With German greeting,
C. G. Orgell.
Hans Ackermann, referred to in this letter, has been dealt with in
a separate chapter contained in this volume.
Orgell also conducted various money raising campaigns for V.D.A.
in this country, the most notable of which was the sale of "blue can-
dles" which were sent from Germany and were purchased by Germans
in this country for a sum greater than their commercial value. These
candles wTere to be burned on Christmas Eve as a symbol of close
relationship with "racial comradeship all over the world." It was
found by the committee that Orgell had 50,000 candles sent here at
one time for the German-American Bund.
The following publications of V.D.A., the National German-
American Service, and the World Guardian of Germans were distrib-
uted by Orgell to thousands of Germans and Nazi sympathizers. The
material contained in these publications was anti-Semitic and pro-
Nazi. Orgell was also very active in soliciting Germans to become
dues-paying members of the V.D.A. at $4 per year. This money
was forwarded to Berlin. The activities of Orgell in^ the V.D.A.
wTere exposed by this committee by the first witness to appear before
it on August 12, 1938. For more detailed information see the index
for various references in the committee's hearings.
AMERICAN FELLOWSHIP FORUM
The American Fellowship Forum, despite a name as innocent-
sounding- as any ever assumed by a front organization, was nothing-
more nor less than an Axis propaganda group of an extraordinarily
shrewd variety. Its leader, Friedrich Auhagen, is now in prison as
the result of a conviction obtained exclusively on the basis of evidence
supplied to the Department of Justice by this committee.
THE COMMITTEE'S INVESTIGATION
The committee obtained by subpena the correspondence files and
bank accounts of the American Fellowship Forum. In addition to
obtaining the organization's records, the committee took formal
statements from and cross-examined the principal figures in the forum.
On September 10, 1940, the committee made a formal examination
of Friedrich Auhagen, who held the position of director of the American
Fellowship Forum.
On August 28, 1940, the committee subpenaed and formally
examined George F. Bauer, who was chairman of the executive com-
mittee of the forum.
Also on August 28, 1940, the committee subpenaed and formally
examined Charles Dale Siegchrist, Jr., who was secretary of the
editorial board of the forum.
Also on August 28, 1940, the committee subpenaed and formally
examined Ina A. Gotthelf, who was secretary of the forum.
Also on August 28, 1940, the committee subpenaed and formally
examined Richard Koch, who was a member of the forum's executive
committee and one of the organization's founders.
On September 11, 1940, the committee subpenaed and formally
examined Ferdinand A. Kertess, who was one of the founders of the
forum. On December 18-19, 1941, Kertess appeared as a witness
before a full meeting of the committee.
THE SET-UP OF THE AMERICAN FELLOWSHIP FORUM
The inner "cabinet" may be composed also of men of known German leanings
and affiliations. The outer shell to serve as a protection in the public eye.
The foregoing quotation is a striking description of the basic
technique of a front organization. An inner cabinet for real control —
an outer shell for the deception of the public.
The quotation is taken from a letter written by Heinrich AY7G.
M. Freiherr von Bothmer to the chairman of the board of the American
Fellowship Forum.
Heinrich W. G. M. Freiherr son Bothmer, the author of the letter,
was an employee of the Transocean Nrws Service. Further light on
Von Bothmer's activities is to be found in a letter which he received
from Manfred Zapp, the head of the Transocean News Service, in
which Zapp wrote, as follows:
26
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 27
I should like to thank you very much for your self-sacrificing activity. You
took over the heavy task of bringing our Transocean News Service to wider
circles and have impressively fulfilled this task to the extent in which you have
reached everybody who fell within your field of duty. I extend my best thanks
for your successful efforts. With wannest greetings.
It was this same Von Bothmer, employee of Manfred Zapp's
Transocean News Service, who described the set-up of the American
Fellowship Forum as having on the one hand an inner cabinet of
known German leanings and affiliations and on the other hand an
outer shell to serve' as a protection in the public eye. The Trans-
ocean News Service and Manfred Zapp were subsequently convicted
under the foreign agents registration law and Zapp was deported to
Germany.
FRIEDRICH E. AUHAGEN
The national director of the American Fellowship Forum was
Friedrich Auhagen.
Auhagen was born in Berlin, Germany, on December 24, 1899.
His father was an official in the German Foreign Office. The elder
Auhagen was stationed for a period in Jerusalem, and it was there
that his son Friedrich received his early education.
After graduation from high school in Germany in 1917, Auhagen
served in the German Army for about 2 years, one of which was spent
at the front in France. After the World War, he completed studies
in economics and mining engineering in German universities.
Auhagen arrived in the United States on July 16, 1923, on the
S. S. Eisenach. He had hired on the S. S. Eisenach as a coal passer,
and when he reached port in the United States he jumped ship. Later
he was admitted to the country under the German quota.
Auhagen's first employment in the United States was in mining
engineering in Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Later he was employed in the
foreign department of the Equitable Trust Co., of New York, and
still later as an instructor in the German language at St. Francis
Xavier College, Lincoln School, and Columbia University. In 1935,
Auhagen left the academic field and became a writer and lecturer. As
a lecturer, he appeared before such important audiences as those of
the Town Meeting of the Air, the New York Herald Tribune Forum,
the Foreign Policy Association, and the Institute of Public Affairs at
the University of Virginia.
Auhagen made trips to Germany in 1925, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1934,
1935, 1936, and 1938.
Auhagen admitted to the committee that he was closely associated
with Dr. F. Draeger, who was both an attache in the German con-
sulate in New York and head (Kreisleiter) of the Nazi Party in the
United States (Auslands Organization der National Socialistische
Deutsche Arbeiters Partei). Auhagen tried to explain his close
association with Draeger on the ground that they had gone to school
together in Germany and had served together in the German Army
in the Wrorld War, but Auhagen's activities as a Nazi propagandist
indicate quite clearly that his frequent contacts with Draeger had
political significance as well.
28 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
INTERLOCKING PERSONNEL OF THE AMERICAN FELLOWSHIP FORUM
Few, if any, front organizations fail to show an interlocking per-
sonnel of directorate with other front organizations of the same
sympathies and objectives. This was true of the American Fellow-
ship Forum.
We have already shown that Heinrich W. G. M. Freiherr von
Bo turner who was an adviser on the set-up of the American Fellow-
ship Forum was also an employee of the Nazi Tran,socean News Service
George Sylvester Viereck, who was contributing editor of the
American Fellowship Forum's Today's Challenge was also under
contract as a propagandist for the German Library of Information.
Ferdinand A. Kertess, one of the founders of the American Fellow-
ship Forum, was president of the Chemical Marketing Co., a Nazi
business front whose assets were frozen by the United States Govern-
ment when this country declared war on Hitler's Reich.
Richard Koch, one of the founders of the American Fellowship
Forum, was vice president of the Chemical Marketing Co.
Edmund F. Kohl, one of the founders and chairman of the American
Fellowship Forum, was president of the pro-Nazi League of Former
German. Students.
Peter J. Kesseler, one of the founders of the American Fellowship
Forum, was proposed as a director of the German University Leagtie,
Inc., in a plan for ''the organization of German industry in America
after the war."
George F. Bauer, chairman of the American Fellowship Forum, was
proposed as president of the American Group For Trade With Ger-
many, Inc., in the plan, for "the organization of German industry in
America after the war."
Philip Johnson who traveled in Europe as foreign correspondent for
the American Fellowship Forum's Today's Challenge was formerly
associated with Father Coughlin's Social Justice.
Lawrence Dennis, who wrote for every issue of the American
Fellowship Forum's Today's Challenge, was recommended by K. O.
Bertling to Manfred Zapp, of the Tran.socean News Service, as one
who could obtain for Zapp any connections that he might wish.
K. O. Bertling was director of the Amerika-Institut in Berlin.
The American Fellowship Forum gave its mailing list to the German
Railroads Information Office. The latter was, of course, an official
Nazi agency.
A NAZI PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUE
One of the most widely used propaganda techniques among the
Nazi front organizations is to pick up every possible, word which
prominent Americans have spoken in favor of Hitler's Germany and
to publicize it through every possible medium. It makes no differ-
ence whether such Americans have actually or only apparently had a
good word to say of the Nazi regime.
Today's Challenge, the official organ of the American Fellowship
Forum, regularly employed this technique of using the words of
prominent Americans who either did speak or seemed to speak favor-
ably of Hitler's Germany. Thus, in the first issue of Today's Chal-
lenge, clever use was made of an article which a man now prominent
in public life wrote for one of our leading magazines. The article was
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 29
quoted in Today's Challenge, as follows: "If sanity be practically
defined as (he holding of opinions about people and phenomena which
arc verified by experience, Hitler is the sanesl man in the world."
The article was further quoted for the purposes of this Nazi propa-
ganda publication as follows: "My only suggestion is thai we had
better stop thinking about the evils and ugliness of Hitler's Germany."
Today's Challenge then added its own comment on the foregoing
statements, as follows: "Among all that has been written or spoken
about what attitude America should best take toward Nazi Germany
this is indeed the most constructive suggestion. For what (blank)
undoubtedly means by his advice to 'stop thinking about the evils
and ugliness of Hitler's Germany' is to stop concentrating on those
aspects of the new order in Germany, that tend to arouse enmity,
and that are keeping emotions at such a pitch as to make clear and
purposeful thinking impossible."
In a similar manner, Today's Challenge used a speech made by
another man now holding an important government position at the
1939 session of an institute at one of our great universities. In the
course of his speech, this man said: "Twenty years after a war to
prevent German domination of the continent of Europe, a new Ger-
many has arisen to gain the objectives which it failed to achieve in
1918 * * * The alinement, only superficially based on ideologies,
is not very different from the alinement of 1914 *. * * Thus
under new slogans of democracy versus fascism, the old struggle of
power politics is proceeding, but against a background of economic
and social revolution which is sweeping away the old established order
of things as we knew them." The foregoing words of this man were
used as a canier of the Nazi propaganda frequently employed in the
United States to the effect that there is little, if any, reality to the
claim that the present war represents a life and death struggle between
the ideologies of democracy and fascism, and that the war is nothing
more than a new expression of the old struggle of power politics.
Neither of the men whose words were used by Today's Challenge
and neither of the auspices under which they wrote and spoke can
fairly be charged with being pro-Nazi, but the propaganda value of
their words when used by a pro-Axis organization clearly points up the
necessity for exercising extreme caution in all public utterances.
During recent years, millions of Americans in their sincere love of
peace have given expression to ideas which, when removed from their
context, seemed to say that Hitler's Germany should be left free to
pursue its course of tyrannical domination over the whole world.
Their words, often removed from their context and still more often
removed from their authors' views as a whole, were seized upon by
the Nazi propagandists and circulated far and wise for the sole purpose
of immobilizing the American determination to defend ourselves
against the menace of the Axis Powers. It was a subtle technique
in propaganda, and among the Nazi fronts which used it most shrewdly
was the American Fellowship Forum.
OTHER SAMPLES OF THE FORUM'S PROPAGANDA
By Ferdinand Cooper in the June-July 1939 issue of Today's
Challenge:
At first it was firmly believed that the boycott plus the "reckless" economic
policies of the Nazis would finish them in short order. When nothing of the kind
30 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
happened, hopes centered for a while on the much publicized underground move-
ment carried on by a United Front of outlawed German Socialists and Com-
munists. After this hope had grown dim, there arose the thought of a preventive
war on the part of France to put down the rising Third'Reich. These hopes were
succeeded by the doctrine of Collective Security preached by Anthony Eden and
his school of thought as a certain means for stopping Hitler. With the passing
of Eden from the political stage this hope dwindled in its turn.
The basic reason for this endless succession of disappointments is, of course,
the fact that the political sagacity, the logic, and courage of Hitler have been
greatly underestimated. But such an admission is scarcely to be expected from
those who have constantly portrayed him as a maniac, paranoiac, madman,
empty phrased demagogue, blood-thirsty tyrant, or as a neurotic dreamer,
devoid of all reason and logic.
By Charles Micaud in the June-July 1939 issue of Today's
Challenge:
It seems, therefore, that Hitler is in a splendid position to realize Napoleon's
dream of dominating Europe by integrating big and small i ations into his new
Aryan Empire. In this new confederation of European Fascist countries,
Mussolini cannot hope to be more than a brilliant second to the German Fuehrer,
and he may yet regret the golden days of the Stresa Front.
LOCAL BRANCHES OF THE AMERICAN FELLOWSHIP FORUM
There were four branch offices of the Forum outside of New York
City. Their locations and leaders were as follows:
Newark, N. J. — Otto Stiefel, Emma J. Bareiss, Richard Koch, B. F. Meissner,
Paul Inist.
Springfield, Mass. — Otto Bumiller, R. Mangold.
Cleveland, Ohio.— Otto Fricke.
Chicago, III. — F. W. G. Heineker, Bertie Clement.
EXHIBITS ON THE AMERICAN FELLOWSHIP FOBUM
The exhibits reproduced in appendix part II, pages 1313-1334, in-
clude the foreign exchange drafts, bank deposit slips, and checks which
the committee obtained and by which it was established that Friedrich
Auhagen was regularly receiving Nazi funds from Germany while he
was acting as national director of the American Fellowship Forum.
FICHTE ASSOCIATION
(Deutscher Fichte-Bund)
The Fichte-Bund was designated as an important source of Nazi
propaganda by the committee in its report to the House of Repre-
sentatives on January 3, 1940. The organization, with headquarters
in Nazi Germany, flooded this country with Axis propaganda, much
of which was distributed through Axis front groups here.
THE COMMITTEE'S INVESTIGATION
On October 21, 1939, the committee heard the testimony of Richard
T. Forbes, who dealt at length with the propaganda activities of the
Fichte-Bund in the United States. Testimony of other witnesses
before the committee disclosed the widespread circulation of Fichte-
Bund material.
THE SET-UP OF THE FICHTE-BUND
Headquarters of the Fichte-Bund are located at 30 Jungfernstieg,
Hamburg, Germany. Officials of the organization include Oscar C.
Pfaus and Theodor Kessemeier, both of whom have been active in the
United States. Pfaus was at one time Chicago leader of the Friends
of New Germany, predecessor to the German-American Bund, and
was editor of a German newspaper in Chicago, which was the fore-
runner of the official German-American Bund organ. He served in
the United States Army and through his service gained American
citizenship, according to the testimony of Fritz Heberling, German
consulate clerk at Chicago. It was largely Pfaus who made and
maintained American contacts.
FICHTE-BUND ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
Much of the Fichte-Bund propagandizing in this country was
carried on through students in American colleges and universities,
as well as through so-called native Fascist groups and individuals.
Forbes' testimony gives a clear indication of the methods by which
the organization operated. A fellow student at the University of
Washington, Forbes related, was flunked by a German-Jewish pro-
fessor, following some bitter differences of opinion between the two.
The student, while still in a disgruntled mood, was approached by the
son of the Hamburg-American line steamship agent at Seattle, who
took him to see his father. The agent gave the youth some Fichte-
Bund material and urged him to write directly to the Hamburg
headquarters for more. The student did so and subsequently joined
Forbes in an investigation of the organization. Forbes testified that
during the course of their inquiry they learned that much of the
material from the Fichte-Bund was sent across the Canadian border
into the United States. Customs officials told them that a single
31
279895 — 13— Appendix 7 3
32 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
shipment of 750 pounds of printed matter was not unusual. The bulk
of it went to the Los Angeles area.
In conducting the investigation, Forbes received a letter from
G. Wilhelm Kunze, national public relations director of the German-
American Bund, which said in part:
Regarding the Fichte-Bund and other non-American enemies of Jewish
international subversion, we are also logically happv to cooperate with them
* * * (hearings, vol. 10, p. 6197).
Fritz Kuhn, foimer German- American Bund leader, had previously
testified that Fichte-Bund material was not used by his organization
and that he had no personal contact with the German organization.
Further testimony that the Fichte-Bund attempted to influence
American college students was supplied by Hampden Wilson, an
investigator of the Veterans' Administration assigned to the Special
Committee on Un-American Activities. Wilson, after studying
conditions in more than 50 institutions of higher learning, reported
that —
There were found in several institutions letters from Oscar C. Pfaus, Hamburg,
Germany, who professed to speak for the Fichte-Bund. Several of these letters
were addressed to individual students, always signed "Baron." These letters
were very personal. They were, in several instances, striving to show the college
students to whom they were addressed the very great success of the Hitler move-
ment in Germany (hearings, vol. 11, p. 6835).
Pfaus also maintained contacts, as mentioned above, with outstand-
ing "native Fascists" in the United States, notable among them Mrs.
Anna Bogenhoim Sloane, of New York City. Numerous letters
obtained by the committee reveal that Pfaus and Mrs. Sloane were in
close touch with each other, Mrs. Sloane at one time confiding to
Pfaus her plans for establishment of a newspaper to be called The
National American Patriot with which she hoped to have associated
a council of 12 "leaders of patriotic movements," including Fritz
Kuhn, of the German-American Bund; Silver Shirter William Dudley
Pelley; and George Deatherage, head of the Knights of the White
Camellia. The activities of these American pro-Axis sympathizers
are discussed fully in another section of this report.
TYPE OF PROPAGANDA DISSEMINATED BY THE FICHTE-BUND
The committee reproduces herewith a sample of the propaganda of
the Fichte-Bund which came from the files of Edward James Smythe,
native pro-Fascist:
Deutscher Fichte-Bund e V.
(The Fichte-Association was founded in January 1914 in memory of the great
German philosopher Fichte)
UNION FOR WORLD VERACITY
Serves the cause of peace and understanding To protect human culture and civilization by
by giving free information about the New Ger- disseminating facts about world Bolshevism
many, direct from the source its authors and dangers
Headquarters: 30 Jungfernxtieg, Hamburg, Germany.
To the friends of the Fichte Association:
The vicious press campaigns following the events of the establishment of t lie
German protectorate over Bohemia, Moravia, and Slovakia compel me to write
to you, trusting that- you will give my statements your kind attention.
As the truth of the utterance of the great American president Abraham Lincoln
"The man is dishonest who will not hear both sides of a question" has never been
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 33
doubted, I am convinced that it is also your wish to form your own opinion about
these moves of the Reich by hearing not only the side of the enemies of Germany,
but by paying at least some attention to the German standpoint as well. There-
fore, I call on you to be judge of the recent happenings in the countries which
formerly comprised Czechoslovakia.
Will you kindly allow me to put forward to you the reasons which led to the
recent developments between Germany and Czechoslovakia?
The Munich Agreement between Chamberlain, Mussolini, Daladier, and Reich
Chancellor Hitler, as well as the so-called Protocols of Vienna, firmly established
the fate of the minorities formerly under the rule of the Czechs, but which were
superior in number to the Czechs themselves. But the these minorities, Slovaks,
Germans, Hungarians, Ukrainians, and Poles, were forced by the infamous
Treaty of Versailles to submit to the rule of the Czechs. It is beyond doubt
that this state of affairs was the reason for constant trouble and political tension
in Eastern Europe. This situation would unavoidably have led to the outbreak
of another world war.
Especially dangerous to world peace was the system of alliances which formerly
Unified France and Czechoslovakia with Soviet Russia. This alliance was noth-
ing else but an aggiessive Communistic front directed against not only Germany
and Italy, but against the whole of Europe.
According to the Munich Agreement the State of Czechoslovakia could have
taken a natural and peaceful development if the Czechs and Slovaks had partici-
pated equally in the government of the state, and if it would have taken care to
better the relations with its neighbor Germany. But encouraged by Bolshe-
vistic Russia the Czechs defied all efforts made by Germany purposing an agree-
ment of mutual understanding between Germany and Czechoslovakia.
During- many years the Czechs had forced their rule upon the minorities which
often led to protests made by these enslaved peoples. The Czech persecution of
minorities did go as far as preventing Slovakian ministers from executing the duties
of their offices. It even happened that they were cast into prisons. In conse-
quence of these treaty-defying outrages, rightful indignation took hold of the
minorities in Czechoslovakia, and their wishes for freedom from Czech oppression
became a serious problem. The Czechs answered these demands for fair play
and self-determination with the bayonets of their soldiers. Open rebellion broke
out all over Czechoslovakia, in the Carpathian Ukraine it developed into a bloody
civil war. Slovakia proclaimed its independence. The Czech state became a
prey of Moscow-inspired mob rule.
In this serious hour the Czech president, Hacha, and the Czech foreign minister,
Chvalkowsky, decided to appeal to Reich Chancellor Hitler to bring order into
the chaotic conditions of the Czech State. The leading statesmen of both the
Czech and the Slovak states realized full well the impossibility of the further
peaceful as well as successful development, and the unprotected independent exist-
ence of their countries. They realized also that the Communistic-inspired part of
the Czech population and the Czech army poisoned by an extensive Jewish-
Bolshevistic propaganda advocating civil war, mob rule, and general disorder,
were becoming the dominating factors in the Czech state. Consequently Presi-
dent Hacha and Foreign Minister Chvalkowsky decided to save the state from
complete disintegration, and from further bloodshed by asking Chancellor Hitler
in Berlin to consent to take over the protectorate over the provinces of Bohemia
and Moravia, that is, the Czech state. Quickly following this move, Prime
Minister Dr. Tiso of Slovakia sent the following wire to Chancellor Hitler:
"Prag, March 16th.
In sincere confidence in you, the Leader and Chancellor of the Greater German
Reich, the State of Slovakia places itself under your protection. The State of
Slovakia asks you to take over this protectorate.
(Signed) Tiso."
In answer to this appeal Chancellor Hitler sent the following wire to Dr. Tiso:
"I acknowledge the receipt of your telegram of yesterday and herewith take over
the protection of the State of Slovakia.
(Signed) Adolf Hitler."
These are historical facts which cannot be denied, and on which are based the
consent of Germany to take over the protectorate over Bohemia, Moravia, and
Slovakia.
The historical connection of the provinces of Bohemia and Moravia with
Germany is interesting.
34 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
The dukes of Bohemia were already in the year of 929 in the feudal service of
the German kings and acknowledged their protectorial rights over the aforesaid
provinces. From the German kings they received the hereditary titles of kings,
and the titles of electors. The lineage of the kings of Bohemia became extinct
in the 14. Century, but the provinces were always part of the Holy Roman
Empire of the German Nation. Till the end of the world war, Bohemia and
Moravia were parts of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy.
After these provinces belonged for more than a thousand years to the German
Reich, the Treaty of Versailles severed the natural bonds which connected these
territories with the mother country. Therefore, the Versailles-created State of
Czechoslovakia existed only from 1919 till March 1939.
Although these facts are known to every serious student of history, and although
it is quite clear that the provinces of Bohemia and Moravia, as well as Slovakia
were taken under German protection upon the urgent requests by the Czech
and Slovak governments, the international wirepullers and war mongers are
doing all they can do to distort the truth by spreading lies about these happenings.
Germany wants peace! Her enemies want war!
The wirepullers of today are the same propagandists of yesteryear, who during
the great war fed the world with the tales of German atrocities. Those propa-
gandists who said that German soldiers in the world war had chopped off the
hands of Belgian children, that they had crucified allied soldiers, and that they
had even used the corpses of allied soldiers for the purpose of making ingredients
for ammunition! All these lies have long since been refuted by just thinking
eminent men of letters. But it is evident that the same men behind the scenes,
the same wirepullers, are trying again to provoke another slaughtering of nations
so they themselves may live and prosper!
I will mention only a few of the unscrupulous lies which have been distributed
by the press during the past few weeks.
1. The lie of the "Oeuvre." — The Parisian newspaper "Oeuvre" which had
declared already in February that Germany had intentions of invading Holland
and Switzerland on March 6th, reported on March 5th that Hitler would occupy
parts of Polish territory. The "Oeuvre" reported furthermore that Germany had
threatened Danemark, Sweden, and Norway with the enforcement of an U-Boat
blockade against them if they would not consent to let Germany have 50% of their
export!
2. The lie of the "Journal des Debates." — On March 10th this Parisian paper
iepoited that Germany had intentions of a surprise attack on Holland and
Belgium. Ihe "Figaro" another Parisian slander sheet, predicted the outbreak
of another woild war!
3. The lie oj the "Gazette de Bruxelle." — This newspaper reported on March
16th a contemplated occupation of Antwerp by Germany!
4. Lies in Holland. — The Amsterdam newspaper "Hot Handelsblaad" main-
tained the German annexation of Holland ana parts of France would be shortly
accomplished, and staled that the territories in question belonged to Germany also.
5. Lies in England. — The "Daily Telegraph" on March 17th tried to provoke
confusion bj reporting that Germany intends to support the Croatian movement
for self-delerminalion for the purpose of later getting permission to build naval
bases on the coast of the Adriatic!
6. The lie of the "Libre Btlgique." — On March 17th this paper published the
news that the representative of the German Ghancellor, Rudolf Hess, had
established an office which prepared the annexation of Belgium!
Furthermore it is also maintained that Germany had established air bases in
South America for the purpose of conquest!
These are only samples of the obnoxious propaganda directed against Germany
by the international wire pullers.
Next to this slanderous activity of the press the English Mr. Vansittard's
accusations against Germany in regards to Roumania are most significant. Mr.
Vansittard charged that Germany had sent an ultimatum to Roumania which
demanded a trade monopoly for the Reich! The definite refutation of this
pernicious lie by (lie Roumanian government itself had not the eflect that this
lie disappeared. It still remained although the British Minister of the Interior
Hoaie had to admit that Germany had served no ultimatum on Roumania!
The German trade agreement with Roumania became effective on March
23rd. It was concluded on a friendly basis, and was welcomed not only by the
Roumanian government but also by the Roumanian people. It is obvious thai
the slanderous English accusations against the German-Roumanian trade agree-
ment were intended to disrupt the German-Roumanian negotiations for the
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 35
purpose of procuring a Roumanian trade agreement for England! This is proven
by the fact that an English trade commission was already on its way to Roumania
at the time the German-Roumanian agreement was concluded!
The liberation of the Memel territory is another prove of Germany's inten-
tions to adjust the injustices of the Versailles treaty in a peaceful manner.
Since the Memel territory was ceded to Lithuania — in spite of the desires of
its German population to remain German — all Lithuanian efforts to give Memel-
land a Lithuanian character have been in vain. The people of German Memel-
land demanded the return of their Territory to Germany, and Lil huania acquiesced
after Germany negotiated a peaceful solution of the impossible situation. The
interests of Lithuania have been fully considered by Germany's consent to allow
Lithuania a so-called Free Zone in the harbor of Memel in order to ensure Lithua-
nia's trade interests.
I am sure that these statements have given you a clear idea of the German
point of view, and have given you some interesting facts about the incredible
international press campaign.
May I say in conclusion that if these international war mongers succeed to
provoke another world conflagration the results for our civilization and culture
would be horrible. Only those people would profit from a world drenched in
blood who never can be found in the trenches at the front. Those who comprise
the class of war profiteers who only can live by the death of others.
Behind these slanderous activities, and behind these evil machinations to
provoke war is the international Jewry! Those race of destroyers which find
their home in every country where they can gather loot.
I would esteem it a great favor if you would have the kindness to give me
your opinion of the present state of world affairs.
Thanking you for your friendly attention,
I am sincerely yours
Th. Kessemeier,
Dir. of Organization.
The foregoing document, which has been reproduced in full, is an
excellent sample of the type of propaganda which emanated from Nazi
Germany and which was slavishly followed by many, if not all, of the
native pro-Axis groups and individuals in the United States — those
organizations and individuals which are dealt with in part III of this
report. Note, for example, that the Fichte-Bund in the next to the
last paragraph of this document charges "international Jewry" with
full responsibility for the present war, which is a stock charge made by
Nazi propagandists.
WORLD SERVICE
World Service, with headquarters at Erfurt, Germany, is wholly
controlled and financed by the Nazis. It sends out propaganda in
eight foreign languages, having an American section chiefly note-
worthy for its free exchange of material with the so-called native
Fascists in the United States. In its report to the House of Repre-
sentatives in January 1939 and again in 1940, the committee called
attention to the fact that Axis front organizations in the United States
made abundant use of World Service, while the committee's hearings
are studded with testimony showing that literature published by pro-
Axis groups here was reprinted by World Service in Germany.
THE COMMITTEE'S INVESTIGATION
Several witnesses, the majority of them leading American Axis
sympathizers, testified before the committee as to the nature of World
Service. An excerpt from the testimony of Henry Allen indicates the
type of material distributed by the organization:
Mr. Voorhis. My point is, Is not World Service a propaganda sheet in favor
of any anti-Jewish regime? Is not that a fair statement of it?
Mr. Allen. I think that is a fair statement of it (hearings, vol. 6, p. 4156).
SET-UP OF WORLD SERVICE
The headquarters of World Service are located at 4 Daberstedter-
strasse, Erfurt, Germany. The American section is in charge of one
Schirmer. A predecessor to Schirmer was Johannes Klapproth, a
German-American who had lived in this country for several years,
working as a chemist for the Shell Oil Co.
George Deatherage, pro-Fascist and head of the Knights of the
White Camellia, testified on May 24, 1939, that Klapproth had died
2 or 3 weeks before that date. Deatherage disclosed that Klapproth
was a member of the Knights of the White Camellia and that he had
aided Deatherage in getting out literature and editing material. In
financial difficulties, Klapproth returned to Germany where Deather-
age helped him to secure a post with the American section of World
Service.
AMERICAN CONTACTS
Regarding his own connections with World Service, Deatherage
gave the following testimony:
Mr. Whitley. Some of your articles or some of your speeches were sent out
through that service? I believe you said earlier that some of your articles or
speeches had been circulated from this World Service organization in Erfurt,
Germany?
Mr. Deatherage. Yes; I assume they did, because I sent them 10 copies of
our publications (hearings, vol. 5, p. 3494).
Another so-called native Fascist, Silver Shirt Leader William Dudley
Pelley, admitted in bis testimony before the committee that he had
36
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 37
reprinted World Service material. A letter from Klapproth to Ernest
Goerner, dated March 11, 1938, indicated that Pellcy's publication,
Liberation, was received at World Service headquarters. An excerpt
from the letter follows:
We regret that we were not able to thank you sooner for the number of publica-
tions you have sent us. We have read your article in Liberation (magazine of the
Silver Shirts) with great interest and wish to congratulate you especially on this
(hearings, vol. 6, p. 4143).
Allen's testimony further emphasized the link between Pelley's
Silver Shirters and W7orld Service. On page 3980, volume 6 of the
hearings, appears the following:
Mr. Whitley. Did you have material at those meetings, either Silver Shirt
meetings or meetings of the Friends of New Germany, that had come directly
from German sources, such as editions put out by World Service?
Mr. Allen. There were copies of World Service.
Fritz Kuhn, German-American Bund leader, testified that the
Weckruf, official bund organ, published material distributed by World
Service.
A letter obtained by the committee shows a connection between
World Service and still another of the native pro-Fascists, R. E.
Edmondson. The letter, on the stationery of World Service, was for-
warded to Edmondson by 35 members of a world congress against
international Jewry, held under the auspices of World Service at
Erfurt. The text is as follows:
Mr. Robert E. Edmondson,
400 West 160th Street, New York City, U. S. A.
Dear Mr. Edmondson: You will be interested to hear that the "World
Service" conference in Erfurt has been a great success and that 22 countries have
sent representations.
Your case of World Jewry versus yourself which is to be tried on September
13th, and which now has a world reputation, has been much discussed by those
present at this "World Service" conference, and admiration expressed for the
valiant fight you are putting up on behalf of our Aryan civilization against the
pernicious forces of Judah.
We are sending you this letter to show you that we are thinking of you and
admire you for your tenacity and great moral courage in fighting this greatest of all
fights against Jew domination of all that we hold noble and sacred.
Your admirers,
A LETTER FROM THE^AMERICAN SECTION OF WORLD SERVICE
The committee also reproduces the text of a revealing letter sent
to this country by the director of the American section of Wforld
Service, which reads as follows:
TJ. Bodung-Verlag
WORLD-SERVICE
Erfurt (Germany), Daberstedterstrasse 4, May 25, 1989
Miss Estell Staub,
29 Prospect Street,
Amity ville, Long Island, U. S. A.
Dear Miss Staub: We thank you for your letter of May 11th and the enclosed
stamps.
Under separate cover you will receive another package with different interesting
literature. Moreover you should try to get some enlightening American news
and papers, as "Social justice" by Father Coughlin, "Defender" by Rev. Winrod,
Kansas, and the English paper "Action" by the British Union, London.
38 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
Books you should read are:
"Bombshell Against Christianity," bv Eli Ravage, 10 cts.
"The Hidden Hand of Judah," by N. Markoff and O. B. Good, 15 cts.
"The Jewish World Conspiracy," by Dr. Bergmeister, 45 cts.
These books you can obtain at this office at the named price.
We enjoy reading that your discussion group is progressing very nicely and
hope that our literature will help you for further understanding of the Jewish
danger.
Hoping to hear from you soon again,
Yours very truly,
SCHIRMER,
American Section.
In the foregoing letter, special attention is directed to the fact
that the Nazi agency, World Service, recommended the publications
of Charles E. Coughlin and Gerald B. Winrod as "enlightening."
GEORGE SYLVESTER VIERECK
After this committee was created in 1938, the first person to be
subpenaed was Nazi Propagandist George Sylvester Viereck. Viereck,
born in Munich, Germany, December 31, 1884, came to America at
the age of 11 and later became an American citizen and during the
first World War was a paid agent of the German Government and
later became a paid propagandist and adviser for Hitler in this coun-
try.
THE COMMITTEE'S INVESTIGATION
In August 1940, agents of this committee subpenaed the records of
the Transocean News Service, Manfred Zapp, and the German
Library of Information. The committee obtained documents which
revealed Viereck's tie-up with these official agencies of the Nazi
government. Among the letters found in Zapp's possession was one
dated April 11, 1939, addressed to Manfred Zapp from George
Viereck, which reads as follows:
George Sylvester Viereck
305 Riverside Drive
NEW YORK
Telephone Cable Address
ACademy 2-7030 Viereck— New York
April 12, 1939. April 11th, 1939.
Mr. Manfred Zapp,
Transoceanic Service, 341 Madison Avenue, New York City.
Dear Mr. Zapp: I have been reading your Transoceanic Service with great
interest. It seems to me that it is of great value to a newspaper that has no
American service, but it is not of great value, except as a means of checking up,
to any newpaper regularly serviced by any of the great American agencies.
I have read your service very carefully, but have found very little that was not
printed in the American newspapers. This may be due to the fact that the
American news agencies receive a great deal of their material from the same
sources as you do in Germany. It may be, of course, that I am mistaken.
It seems to me that before you can sell your service to anyone here, you would
have to check up very carefully for a period of a few weeks, and point out to any
possible American purchaser news items covered by you, which were not covered
by the other services. As a matter of fact, the value of your service might be
increased, if you give it even more distinctly a pro-German slant; if you give the
newspapers those things which their own correspondents do not send them from
Germany and Italy.
These are purely my personal impressions, which I hope you will not take amiss.
I may be entirely wrong.
Sincerely yours,
George Sylvester Viereck.
It is apparent from this document that Viereck acted in the capacity
of an adviser to the Nazi government. After subpenaing the records
of the German Library of Information, the committee compelled that
organization to file a statement concerning its personnel and expendi-
39
40 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
tures. In the statement the organization filed, the following item
was listed:
Mr. George Sylvester Viereck is under contract for special editorial work and
literary advise in connection with all publications.
From the files of the German Library of Information, the following
communication from Viereck to Dr. Heinz Beller, reveals the contract
between Viereck and that Nazi agency:
George Sylvester Viereck,
305 Riverside Drive, New York, September 27, 1939.
Dr. Heinz Beller,
German Library of Information,
17 Battery Place, New York City.
Dear Dr. Beller: In accordance with your request I herewith confirm our
verbal agreement:
(1) I agree to prepare for "Facts in Review" digests of such material as you
place at my disposal from time to time.
(2) I shall be glad to prepare such articles interpreting the German point of
view based on data furnished by you, as we may from time to time agree upon.
(3) I shall hold myself in readiness for editorial consultations with you at
mutually convenient times.
(4) My compensation will be $500, payable monthly in advance.
(5) This arrangement may be cancelled by either party on three month's
notice.
(6) In the, I trust, remote contingency of a break between the United States
and Germany, we are both automatically released from any obligation flowing
from this agreement.
It is also understood, in accordance with your wishes as well as mine, that I
shall not be asked to prepare or edit any matter derogatory to the United States,
or to undertake any editorial assignment which could possibly conflict with
American laws and my duties as an American citizen. I welcome cooperation
with you, because I can think of no more important task from the point of view
of fair play and the maintenance of peace between your country and mine than
to present to the American public a picture unblurred by anti-German propa-
ganda of the great conflict now unhappily waging in Europe.
Believe me,
Sincerely yours,
George Sylvester Viereck.
Agreed:
Heinz Beller.
Viereck also served the Nazi propaganda "front" organization known
as the American Fellowship Forum, which was directed by Nazi prop-
agandist, Priedrich Ernst Auhagen (now serving a sentence in a Fed-
eral prison for violation of the act of June 8, 1938, his conviction re-
sulting from this committee's exposure), who made a statement to the
committee in 1940. The following quotations are taken from his
"Question and answer" statement, which show the connection of. Vie-
reck with the forum and its publication entitled "Todays Challenge."
Q. Who brought in Viereck? — A. Dr. Kohl first brought Viereck in. I had
never known him personally before. I had heard about him, but Kohl introduced
him to me. We had many discussions. I found him extremely difficult to get
along with. Viereck never had any official position — he simply edited articles
only.
Q. How long was he connected with the Forum? — A. After the first two weeks
Viereck went to Europe, and he had nothing whatever to do with the publishing
of the second and third issues of the magazine, lie wrote two articles in all for
the magazine. I cut some passages from Viereck's article, as editor, which I con-
sidered conflictatory with our policy, since our policy was not to attack persons.
It was a very insignificant matter, but he felt sure that I had tampered with his
manuscript.
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 41
All of these connections and associations of Viereck were exposed
by the committee in its so-called White Paper, appendix, part 2,
which was released in 1940. For more detailed information on Viereck
see that report, as well as the testimony of Congressman Wright Pat-
man which appears in volume 14 of the committee's hearings, also the
court record of Vicreck's trial, which, among other things, brought out
the fact that Viereck had paid into the Flanders Publishing House, of
Scotch Plains, N. J., $22,500 during the years 1940 and 1941. Of this
amount he received back $4,500 from sales of certain books to the
German Library of Information.
The Flanders Publishing Co. printed a number of books which
were anti-British.
COLIN ROSS
One of the outstanding propagandists of Nazi Germany who
operated in the United States prior to the war was Colin Ross whom
this committee exposed as a Nazi agent as early as 1938. In the first
report of the committee, filed with the House of Representatives, the
following appears:
It should be noted that according to testimony we heard, Dr. Colin Ross is a
Nazi propagandist who spends his time between Germany and the United States.
He has been one of the outstanding speakers for the German-American Bund and
has been a writer for the Weckruf, official organ of the bund (vol. 2, pp. 1133
and 1134).
The committee felt that Ross was of such importance that in 1939 a
subcommittee headed by Representative Jerry Voorhis of California
made a thorough investigation into his activities and on December 28,
1939, published a report on the results of the inquiry. Ross was again
listed as a Nazi agent by the committee in January 1941.
As an indication of the importance of Colin Ross to the Nazi
government it is pertinent to note that as a result of the committee's
report, the German Government on August 8, 1940, sent the following
protest to the Department of State, which protest was transmitted to
the committee on August 20, 1940, by Acting Secretary Sumner
Welles:
The German Charge d'Affaires presents his compliments to the honorable the
Acting Secretary of State and has the honor to advise him as follows:
On December 28, 1939, the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
released a report concerning the alleged activities in the United States of the
German writer Dr. Colin Ross. In this report, with entire lack of evidence, a
widely recognized and respected German writer is unjustifiably accused and thus
personally as well as publicly gravely discredited. Upon instructions of my
Government, I am presenting herewith the translation of Dr. Colin Ross' state-
ment in reply to the report of the Dies committee, which clearly shows how
entirely unfounded the charges lodged against him are.
The German Charge d'Affaires would greatly appreciate it if the Acting Secre-
tary of State would cause a copy of Dr. Colin Ross' statement to be forwarded
to the chairman of the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, so that it
can be made a part of that committee's records.
Washington, D. C, August 8, 1940.
In view of subsequent events, the committee incorporates in this
volume its original report on Colin Ross, which was made public on
December 28, 1939.
Report on Colin Ross
Thursday, December 28, 1939.
In releasing the following report on the activities of Dr. Colin
Ross in the United States, the Committee on Un-American Activities
wishes to make the emphatic statement that neither the committee as
a whole nor any of its individual members entertains the slightest
doubt of the unswerving loyalty to the United States of our fellow
citizens of German descent. It is as much in their interest as in that
42
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 43
of the Nation as a whole that the committee has endeavored to bring
to light some of the facts concerning the operations of Nazi agents
like Colin Ross, and the leaders of the German-American Bun1.
The question of the form of government of the German or any
other nation is not one that concerns either this committee or the
American people. But attempts by any foreign agency to influence
American citizens in favor of a foreign form of government and
against American democracy is quite a different matter and one con-
cerning which the Committee on Un-American Activities has imme-
diate and great concern.
This is a report on investigations conducted by the Special Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities concerning Dr. Colin Ross and his
activities in the United States.
In order to preserve the prerogative of any and all branches of
the Government of the United States, the committee makes public
only the result of its own investigation of the evidence available in
this case.
Summarized, we find:
1. That dining the World War Ross was a German spy and
secret-service agent, and that during a portion of this time he
was assigned to special propaganda work in behalf of the Impe-
rial German Government and against the Allies, at least prior
to the entrance in the conflict of the United States.
2. That Ross is registered with the Department of State as a
Nazi propagandist, but that he has not reported in "full" the
scope of his activities and therefore is liable to prosecution
under the terms of this act.
3. That he committed a number of acts while in this country
which appeared to come within the category of espionage, and
that officials extremely high in the Government of the United
States have issued warnings and secret orders concerning these
activities.
4. That many of the speaking engagements in this country
featuring Ross were arranged for by the various Nazi consular
officials situated throughout the Nation and that he was promoted
by, and spoke for, gatherings of the German-American Bund.
5. That Fritz Kuhn, fuehrer of the German- American Bund,
in recent testimony before this committee admitted his acquaint-
ance with Ross.
6. That Ross was instrumental in having 30 American boys
taken to Germany, and that the greatest part of the expense of
this trip was paid for by various subdivisions of the Nazi Gov-
ernment and some alleged German-Americans residing in Ger-
many.
7. That within the past 12 months Ross toured the United
States with his wife, son, and uniformed chauffeur in a special
Mercedes automobile, equipped with motion-picture cameras, and
that he appeared to have funds far in excess of his reported
earnings from Nazi agencies.
8. That he attempted to photograph several specialized in-
dustrial plants and that at least one American refused to comply
with Ross' requests because they were so extremely derogatory
to the best interests of the United States.
44 UN-AMEKICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
9. This committee recommends that Dr. Colin Ross be pre-
vented from ever again setting foot on American soil.
Dr. Colin Ross was born in 1885, in Vienna, of Scottish parents.
Ross lived for a number of years in Chicago, where his children went
to school and his daughter, Renate, got her Ph. D. degree, from the
University of Chicago.
This committee has had information that Ross became a Com-
munist in Germany, after the World War, and made considerable
headway in that movement. With the coming of the Nazi regime
he took their ideology and soon became one of its most important
agents.
Dr. Otto Denzer, Nazi vice consul at Chicago, under date of De-
cember 16, 1938, in a letter to Clifton M. Utley, director of the Chi-
cago Council of Foreign Relations, before whom Ross was to speak
said:
He had the opportunity to be close by when the events in Munich took place
and the German troops subsequently marched into 1 he Sudeten territory.
Ross has made many trips to this country, always plentifully pro-
vided with cash, and has shown films of his native land here during
which time he was directing pictures of events and places in this
country.
There is indisputable proof that Ross doctored the pictures em-
ploying the artifice of montage so that the pictures when shown in
Germany did not depict facts but vile distortions and, particularly,
with a view of showing America in the worst possible light.
While Ross lived in Chicago he made the acquaintance of Prof.
Martin Sprengling, of the University of Chicago, and the latter's son
who soon provided a circle in which Ross moved.
Registration No. 310 was given to the papers filed by Ross with
the Department of State, under the act requiring the registration of
propagandists employed in whole or in part by foreign governments
or their subdivisions. In that statement Ross, under oath, states that
he resides in Munich, Koenigstrasse, 29, Germany, and that he was
in this country in connection with work as a newspaper correspond-
ent (he names some 20 Nazi publications), and for the purpose of
making a film for the Tobis Filmkunst, Berlin.
He further claimed that his lectures in this country did not involve
any foreign principle and that in all occasions he had been paid for
his lectures by an American association. -This statement is true,
but the amounts, as will be shown, did not pay much more than the
cost of transportation.
The registration statement filed by this Nazi propagandist also sets
out that the North German Lloyd Steamship Co. (a Nazi government-
owned concern) had subsidized his picture to the extent of 7,000
marks (about $2,800).
Ross also revealed that he had been paid $25 for a lecture in Boston,
$50 in New York, $75 in Chicago, before various foreign-policy groups,
and that his compensation for three lectures before German vocational
leagues netted him $275. He also admits that he received $35 from
the Techniske Verein, Chicago; $25 from the Columbia Damon Club,
Chicago; $35 from the Deutsche Zeitung, Baltimore; and $25 from
the Deutsche Verein, Cleveland. He further accounts for an addi-
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 45
tional $150 for two lectures on the west coast. These earnings total
only $695.
This sum, as readily can be seen, does riot account for any of the
number of speeches that he made before groups of the German-
American Bund or for the many articles he contributed to the Nazi
Weckruf and Beobachter, published in this country under the super-
vision of Fritz Kuhn, "fuehrer" of the German- American Bund, who
admitted under oath in recent testimony before this committee that
he knew Ross.
Information in possession of this committee proves that Ross had
expensive photographic equipment attached to his automobile in
such manner that pictures could be taken quickly and from any
angle.
The committee has further information that Ross sent many of
the pictures he directed to the laboratories of the Agfa Film Co.
at Los Angeles, where Federal Government agents reviewed them
secretly as soon as they had been developed and before they were
secured by Ross. These films portrayed such scenes as Negroes living
in huts in the South, women working in cotton mills and cigarette
factories in North Carolina, and Indians living in small tepees.
There were also a number of prints made snowing in detail cities
like Pittsburgh and Jersey City in which factory sites and bridges
were indicated. Ludwig R. Krahforst, 4917 Glacier Drive, Eagle
Rock, Los Angeles, was employed by Ross to make some pictures in
1939 and later refused to continue his employment because of the
obvious un-American nature of the work.
This committee wishes at this time to clear Mr. Krahforst of any
complicity in this matter.
Dr. A. H. Dyckerhoff, an engineer of high standing, connected with
the Commonwealth Edison Co., Chicago, was asked by Ross to help
him secure permission to photograph industrial and agricultural sub-
jects in that part of the country.
Never suspecting the true purpose of Ross' requests, Dr. Dycker-
hoff suggested pictures of T. V. A., hut strip mills in the steel-making
area, process of preparing and quick freezing of fruits and vegetables
in the fields, etc. Contact was made with officials of the Inter-
national Harvester Co., Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation. Permis-
sion was refused. A few days later Ross was stopped by a policeman
for taking pictures (motion) without a permit.
How the Nazi consuls hi this country cooperate with Ross is best
shown by the letter of Dr. Otto Denzer, Nazi vice consul in Chicago,
to Clifton Utley, of the Foreign Policy Association of that city, under
date of December 16, 1938, in which he states:
Enclosed please find a few biographical data on Colin Ross. May I assure
you that if arrangements could be made for his appearance before the Council
on Foreign Relations sometime during the first days of January 1939, this would
be highly appreciated.
It should be noted that at his speech Ross was booed and hissed
and that among those seated at the speakers' table were:
Mr. and Mrs. Colin Ross.
Mr. E. L. Baer, Nazi consul general.
Mr. and Mrs. Otto Denzer, Nazi vice consul.
Mr. and Mrs. Hans Strack, connected with Nazi consulate.
Mr. and Mrs. Ludwig Plate, head, North German Lloyd Steamship Lines.
46 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
And further, Ross in his letter to Mr. Utley, under date of Decem-
ber 25, 1938, requests that the following of "my friends" be invited:
Dr. D. B. Phenister, 5621 University Avenue.
Prof. Dr. Martin Sprengling, 6168 Ellis Avenue.
Prof. Dr. Nitze, 1220 East Fifty-eighth Street.
Mrs. Swift, 209 Lake Shore Drive.
Dr. A. H. Dyckerhoff, Commonwealth Edison Co., 72 West Madison Street.
Mr. Tiff eny* Blake, Chicago Tribune Tower.
Mr. Gustave A. Brand, city treasurer, city hall.
Gov. George L. Schaller, Federal Reserve bank.
Walter S. Straub, 326 Ridge Avenue, Winnetka.
Mr. T. A. Buenger, 268 Ridge Avenue, Winnetka.
In that same letter Ross states:
This letter is to confirm my acceptance of your invitation to address the
meeting of Chicago Council on Foreign Relations on January 3***1
had asked the German consul to let you know that I agree with the arrange-
ments. * * *
Efforts of the German consul general in St. Louis, Mo., to arrange
a speaking engagement for Ross in that city collapsed when it was
discovered by civic interests that the Nazi government was partici-
pating in the lecture tour. Citizens of St. Louis stopped arrange-
ments for the contemplated lecture by Ross on securing information
that the German consul general had rented an auditorium for the
occasion.
In testimony before this committee on August 17, 1939, Fritz
Kuhn stated as follows with regard to Dr. Colin Ross:
The Chairman. Do you know Colin Ross?
Mr. Kuhn. Yes.
The Chairman. What office did he have in the bund?
Mr. Kuhn. He never had an office in the bund.
The Chairman. Had he no official connection?
Mr. Kuhn. No.
The Chairman. Was he associated with you in any respect?
Mr. Kuhn. I met him one year when he was a speaker at- Turner Hall. He
was a speaker there but we were not the sponsors.
The Chairman. Do you know where he is now?
Mr. Kuhn. I do not.
The Chairman. That is the only association you have had with Colin Ross?
Mr. Kuhn. Sure.
In this connection it would be noted that in the 1937 yearbook
Dr. Colin Ross wrote the frontispiece for the publication. Follow-
ing is a translation of the frontispiece of the 1937 German-American
Bund Yearbook.
OUR AMERICA
A man will rise and gather them, a German Thomas Paine. He will not
found a new party, no association, no alliance, no union, but will comprise in a
matter-of-fact fellowship all who are of German blood, as soon as they become
aware of the fact that they are not Americans but "Amerikaner," people of
German blood and American soil. They will drop the hyphen that others had
attempted to fasten on them and no longer call themselves German-Americans,
hut simply "Amerikaner," a word that is untranslatable.
If these "Amerikaner" become aware that for America's sake they must not
give up their nationality and mother tongue, they lay the foundation for the
natural racial order, out of which the American Nation of the future will grow,
or rather the American family of nations. This will make America the first
"Continental State," the first continent peacefully united under a uniform idea,
the great model for all others.
UN-AMEEICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 47
If the people of German blood succeed in achieving this immense task, this
greatest service which they can render their new homeland, then they may —
with a slight variation of the words of a German poet — say:
"America would have been nothing
If we were not Amerikaner —
We, Amerikaner, we — !"
And as a father proudly speaks of a child that has reached fame and fortune
as "my son," without by these words laying claim to his wealth, so may we say
to the New World beyond the Atlantic created in part also by us and in such a
way that no one can take it ill of us:
Our America
The following report is taken from the original notations made by
an American newspaper reporter covering the speech given by Dr.
Colin Ross on June 1, 1937.
"Speech of Colin Ross, adventurer and professional speaker, on 'Unser
Amerika,' at a meeting sponsored by the New York Post of the German- American
Bund at the Yorkville Cacino, June 1. Attendance about 500. He was intro-
duced as a great American who understands the German people. He sailed that
night at midnight for Germany.
"America," he said, "now is controlled by a few wealthy men. In Germany
the people are in control. That is what Hitler has done for the German people.
His principles should be applied here so that the Government could be given
back to the people. German-Americans should stand united behind the ideals
of Germany and educate the American people to those ideals.
"I look about and see Father Divine. He is called a 100-percent American.
I meet an Englishman from Boston. He says he is 100-percent American because
the English were here first. French, Hollanders, and Germans all say they are
100-percent Americans. I come to wonder just what a 100-percent American is.
And I decided he is that man who stands for the best things for the people. That
is why followers of Hitler are the real 100-percent Americans."
Then a group of bund members presented a play in English, using the court
record of the case of Julius Hochf elder v. Fritz Kuhn, head of the German-American
Bund. The bund is making great capital out of the fact the case was thrown out
of court after six postponements. It was an attempt to prove their paper the
Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter was circulated without being formally
registered. They claim Jewish intrigue was responsible forjthe case. The audience
howled at the impersonation of Jewish lawyers by their fellow bund members.
The above notations contradict the testimony of Fritz Kuhn in
which he states that there is no connection between Dr. Colin Ross
and the German- American Bund; that Kuhn testified Ross spoke at
a meeting in the Turner Hall, whereas actually he spoke in the York-
ville Casino; that while Kuhn contends the bund did not sponsor
the meeting, actually the bund did promote the gathering and in fact
presented a play ridiculing the New York court authorities at the
same meeting.
In a document secured by this committee inviting American boys
to Germany, under arrangements by Dr. Ross, the following para-
graphs are found:
The undersigned invites 30 American boys to visit Germany this summer.
Distance and consequent cost of transportation make mass participation as yet
a dream of the future. However, for the first American-German youth exchange
steamship companies have offered a substantial reduction of passage fares;
some German youth hotels and other accommodations have been reserved ex-
clusively for this summer's party; railroad. fares have been reduced to a mini-
mum; free theater and opera tickets have been presented, so that the all-inclusive
cost for transportation from New York, back to New York, board, tips, and so
forth, of the camping trip through Germany amounts to only $100.
279895 — 43 — Appendix 7 4
48 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
The first exchange vacation trip is limited to 30 American members, ranging
in age from 14 to 18. Boys will be selected on the basis of good scholarship,
recommendation, intelligence, high moral character, and physical fitness. A
slight knowledge of German is desirable, though not mandatory.. Only boys
personally known to the sponsors or especially recommended by their friends will be
accepted.
The trip is conducted by Kurt Sprengling, 714 West Indiana Avenue; Urbana,
111. (born in Chicago, 1916), graduated from Hyde Park High School in Chicago,
now graduating from Illinois University; lieutenant in the Reserves of the United
States Army. He is the son of Prof. Martin Sprengling, of the University of
Chicago. Under his guidance the boys depart on July 19 on the Europa from
New York.
Application for membership may be made to any one of the undersigned
sponsors :
Mr. Leslie Bissel, Munchen, Destouchestr 4.
Rev. and Mrs. Haynes, American Church and Library, Salvatorplatz 1.
Professor and Mrs. von Likenz, Pension Siebert, Kaulbachstr 22 a.
Dr. and Mrs. Edmund E. Miller, Kaulbachstr 12 /o.
Mr. and Mrs. Colin Ross, Koniginstr 29.
Mrs. and Mr. du Pont-Ruoff, Wilmington, Delaware-Herrsching.
Mrs. L. Stoehr, Kaulbachstr 26 b.
Dr. and Mrs. Ludwig Waagen, Koniginstr 69.
Mrs. von Johnson, Munchen-Bogenhausen, Sohalkingstr 3.
In an article dealing with "Jews in America," written by Dr. Colin
Ross, which appeared in the February 11, 1939, Deutscher Weckruf,
official organ of the German-American Bund, are found the following
statements which have been translated from the German version:
Everyone is aware that the Constitution of the United States does not apply
any longer to modern living conditions.
Every democracy is threatened to glide slowly but surely into communism.
Russia faced that situation. France is facing it now * * * Italy and Ger-
many would have faced it too without a Fascist revolution. And England
should not think it can get away without a thorough change in its governmental
ideas. * * *
America isn't a Democracy any more: all wealth is in the hands of a few chiefs.
America always escaped a revolution for the reason that the possibilities are
in a deadlock now. * * * According to Bismarck, after exhausting all
natural resources, a fight will begin among those who possess and those who lack.
And that is the situation now.
Nazi circulars on the Pacific coast have frequently expressed strong
interest in the book Our America, authored by Dr. Colin Ross.
They have stated that this booklet contains much material which
proves helpful in building their organization.
The January 1939 issue of the Forum magazine contains an article
entitled "Our America," by S. K. Padover, in which the author at-
tempts to present the major theses of the Nazi propaganda agency in
America, and the effect upon the population. One portion of the ar-
ticle is headed "What the Nazis Want," in which it is stated that —
Far more significant is the book by an eminent Nazi— Colin Ross' astounding
"Unser Amerika," published in Leipzig in 1936. It must be taken as semi-
official: In the first place Ross is an officer of the Propaganda Institute in Stutt-
gart; second, the organ of the Nazi Party, "Nationalsozialistisohe Monatschofte"
(June 1938) urges that it be given "the most widespread distribution."
It is remarkable that this book has escaped attention in the American press.
In it Ross recites the arguments we have alreadv reviewed. Then he urges that
"30,000,000 Germans in the United States" should assert the rights of their blood
by every and any means. He is sun1 of an ultimate victory in the United States
because of the collapse of the old Anglo-Saxon ideals of liberty and democracy
* * * "I am convinced that German blood in the United States will come into
its own only after it insists upon it energetically," he writes. "I believe in the
German hour of America * * *. The ^reat historic events usually are pre-
pared underground until they suddenly emerge in the open." "Few outsiders,"
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 49
Ross continues, "realize how widespread is the German movement. The German
rebirth in the United States is more powerful than most people think." * * *
Ross states: "From amongst them [Germans in America] will arise a German
Thomas Paine * * * He will unite all of German blood. All will come as
soon as they have realized the simple truth that they are not "Americans" but
"Amerikaner," men of German blood and American soil. * * *"
Thus—
continues Padover —
the Nazis will save America from "chaos and barbarism." Ross reiterates that
the Germans have a sacred duty to perform; America is "a creation of the German
spirit," hence the United States must become Unser Amerika * * *
In the Deutscher Weckruf and Beobachter — issue of December 1,
1939 — in column headed "Behind the Curtain" there is included an
item, which follows:
What a pity that our Jewish-controlled circles and nativistic institutions are
not allowed to see the wonderful motion pictures which Dr. Colin Ross, the
world traveler, showed a large German-speaking audience at Turner Hall in
New York last week — life views of a long series of consecutive scenes depicting
the distress of the Sudeten Germans in their flight from Czech terrorism and
their arrival on German territory * * *. German border guards greet them,
help them, and provide them with shelter and food.
Interspersed with these scenes of wild flight, Dr. Ross shows the ruined homes
of the people, a deserted room with a wide breach in the wall, a shell-battered
stable with a dead cow * • * * these pictured incidents of devastation,
flight, distress, and horror form the answer to why Hitler threatened to solve
the Sudeten German question by force.
* * * Gratified looks cast at the Fuehrer by these people; looks of tragedy
mingled with joy as the mounted advance guard of the German Army marches
into the liberated area * * *. It is a pity, we say, that this demonstration
cannot be shown to the general public because of the fear that Dr. Ross might
be sowing seeds of "Hitler propaganda" against the huge pro- Jewish propa-
ganda that is sponsored by the press, by Time, and other agencies of intellectual
demoralization. * * *
Ross also wrote an article for the German-American Bund paper
on October 27, 1938, entitled "Understanding Between Germany and
America — Basis for World Peace." This is a two-column-length
article. It should be noted here that Fritz Kuhn is the head of the
publication, and that all editorial matter is subject to his approval,
and that he so stated in recent testimony before this committee. It
should also be noted that in the above quotation from the Weckruf of
December 1, 1938, that the Turner Hall referred to in the article was
at that time the headquarters of the German-American Bund, Man-
hattan Post. These facts again refute the testimony of Fritz Kuhn
referred to herein, in which he denies any affiliation with Ross.
In the Weckruf of January 19, 1939, page 4, is an item entitled
"Colin Ross in the Lion's Den * * * German Author and Trav-
eler Single-Handed Faces the Storm Troopers of the Foreign Policy
Association":
[Article]
It must be assumed that the audience last Saturday at the meeting of the
Foreign Policy Association, at the Hotel Astor, New York, where the thesis of
"Germany Inside and Out" was booked for discussion, was a representative body
of many of our best average citizens, typifying a degree of intelligence impartial
in its judgment of the subject. This theory is not wholly tenable in view of the
shocked "ohs" and the noisy demonstration of dissent at such assertions as that
there is no suppression of religious freedom in Germany.
On the speaker's rostrum sat such notable refugees, representatives of fair
dealing, as Heinz Liepmann and Gerhart H. Seger, who left a delectable record of
political activities behind them when they left Germany and have already begun
50 UN-AMEiRICAN" PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
to play a prominent role in regimenting public opinion in this country in con-
formity with their philosophy * * *.
In this atmosphere, thick with anti-German bias, Colin Ross had apparently
been selected to act as a foil for the attacks on Hitler and Germany, by John C.
deWilde, research associate of the Federal Policy Association, and Ernest Wilhelm
Meyer, formerly a secretary of the German Embassy in Washington * * *.
A great "oh" of protest went up when Ross initiated his remarks with the
statement: "I love Hitler" * * *. A burst of indignation greeted his cate-
gorical statement that there is no religious interference in Germany; derisive
laughter, when he predicted that there will be no war in Europe in 5, 10, or 20
years * * *.
The Chicago American, January 4, 1939, printed the following
article, headed "Swifts, Nitzes Entertain Ross, Nazi Propagandist, "
column conducted by the Chaperon.
The Charles H. Swifts, William H. Nitzes, Dallas B. Phemisters, and the
E. V. L. Browns, all of whom have extended the hospitality of their tables to
the visiting Nazi propagandist, Colin Ross, and to Mrs. Ross, have been choosing
their dinner guests with care on the nights they entertained the Rosses. Anti-
Nazi sentiment being what it is, not everyone can be trusted to stay on an even
keel conversationally, even on such social occasions as a dinner party.
During their Chicago stay Mr. Ross, the speaker at yesterday's Council on
Foreign Relations luncheon, and Mrs. Ross, are the house guests of Dr. Martin
Sprengling, professor of Semitic languages at the University of Chicago's Ori-
ental Institute * * *.
Mr. Ross is of Scottish descent, as his name suggests. In certain parts^of
Scotland Colin is the name conferred on all the eldest sons. But he was born
in Vienna and lived there under Dolfuss and Schussnigg. But, because travel-
ing and writing about his travels is his profession, he has never lived in any
one place longer than 5 years. Three times previously he and his wife have
been to Chicago, the last time for an extended stay while Ross was writing his
book, Unser Amerika. During that time his son and daughter attended the
University of Chicago.
* * * Laird Bell of the Council on Foreign Relations stated in part:
"We have sought all year for a speaker for the Nazi regime and it has been very
difficult to get one." Mr. Ross proved an effective spokesman for the Nazi
regime. Because he was patently not the Germanic type, and speaks his broken
English with seeming naivete and a determined good nature which refuses to be
ruffled by the "ribbing" of his audience, he probably was more effective than
another type of propagandist would have been. But it is doubtful if he made
any converts among the 1,200 who heard him. Those who, like Mrs. Swift and
Mrs. Nitze, gathered around him later to express their ardent agreement with
his sentiments, were of the same mind before they came * * *.
With reference to the activities of Ross on the Pacific coast it has
been learned by this committee that all his movements were carefully
watched by various Federal agencies.
While there Ross gave 2 lectures at the Continental Theater, for
some months identified with activities of the German-American Bund.
The gist of these lectures was to the effect that ''Germany is a poor
country but they have plenty to eat and are making wonderful prog-
ress under the great leader, Adolf Hitler." Immediately after his
lectures, pictures were shown of the German occupants of Sudeten-
land in which young girls were pictured throwing roses in the path of
marching soldiers and Adolf Hitler. These lectures, given in [the
German language, were enthusiastically received by an audience of
approximately 500 people, predominately of German extraction. The
gatherings were typical of those of the German-American Bund.
While in Los Angeles, the early part of March 1939, Ross was
registered at the Stillwell Hotel; and on leaving there, Ross went to
San Francisco where he delivered lectures similar to the ones given
in Los Angeles. Indications are that here he again moved in coop-
eration with the German-American Bund post of that area.
UN-AMERICAjST propaganda activities 51
On March 17, 1939, Ross sailed for Japan on the Japanese liner
Asana Maru, stateroom 271, second-class quarters.
In the book-review section of the New York Times, August 11,
1938, appears a review of Dr. Colin Ross' book under the title Ger-
man Suggests an American Dictator. The book review sent from
Berlin was authored by Gabriels Beuter. It lauds Ross as Ger-
many's best writer of travel books. The writer states that Ross —
openly declares himself as favoring dictatorship as the best form of govern-
ment * * *.
He concludes the article with the statement that —
with prophetic vision Colin Ross sees dictatorship dawning for the Americans;
to bring to them, who have always regarded themselves as the freest in the
world, a release from conditions grown intolerable.
In the New York Times, March 16, 1939, is an article by William
R. Conklin, dispatched from San Francisco. In this story Dr. Colin
Ross is referred to as "commentator for the official Nazi newspaper."
It is further pointed out in this article that Ross told the Common-
wealth Club of San Francisco that there had been "a lot of fuss in
the newspapers" about him coming to this country to spread Nazi
propaganda, but he declared that he held no official status in the Nazi
regime. In this same story Ross predicts that Europe will become
one great empire "with the central power, of course, in Germany."
Following is the text of an article concerning Ross, which appeared
in the New York World-Telegram, March 17, 1939, in which par-
ticular attention is called to extracts from the work of Dr. Ross, as
translated from the German.
By his words, Dr. Colin Ross, ace Nazi commentator on the Western Hemi-
sphere, has been telling Americans on a lecture tour that Adolf Hitler and the
Nazis do not even "think about conquests in your hemisphere."
But by his published works, it was charged here today, Dr. Ross has revealed
an entirely different story. It was Dr. Ross' "explanation" of German-trade
activities in Latin America which provoked Mayor LaGuardia's blast last night
in San Francisco.
The charges here were made by J. Anthony Marcus, former trade adviser
to the Agricultural Adjustment Administration and the president of Good Will
Counsellors, Inc., of 576 Fifth Avenue.
Mr. Marcus, recalling Dr. Ross' disclaimer that he had "nothing to do either
with the German Government or the Nazi Party," asserted that the journalist
lectured on American affairs at the Geo-Political Association, in Munich, headed
by Maj. Gen. Earl Haushofer.
German general staff officers and diplomatic officials attend this school for
their foreign-affairs schooling, Mr. Marcus declared. He said that he based
his statements on "120,000 documents on German penetration in Latin America,"
compiled by the Good Will Counsellors, a trade-promotion group.
Dr. Ross, according to Mr. Marcus, also has written three books, published
by official Reich publishing houses, on German tactics to be used in the western
world.
Unser Amerika — Our America — depicts the United States as the creation of
German migrants, with 20,000,000 German-blooded residents as a nucleus for
Nazi expansion, Mr. Marcus said.
Der Balkan Amerikas — The American Balkans — described Central America
as the focal point for control of the Western Hemisphere. Der Pacifik — der
Ozean der Entscheidungen — The Pacific, the Decisive Ocean — indicated the
strategic importance of the Pacific.
Mr. Marcus made public several extracts from these works by Dr. Ross, as
translated from the German as follows:
"America is ours. America is ours not only because German blood flows in
the veins of at least twenty or thirty million Americans * * * but be-
cause in its origins America is a creature of the German spirit * * *. The
52 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
question is whether these millions of German people recognize their hour of
destiny" (pp. 25 and 26, Unser Amerika).
"I believe that Germany's hour will strike in America * * * great his-
toric developments usually mature underground, to rise into view suddenly,
without any apparent preparation" (p. 16, Unser Amerika).
"A new Thomas Paine is needed, one who will come from abroad and who
will clearly and publicly express what lies deep in the heart of every American
but which he dares not say and hardly dares to think" (p. 278, Unser Amerika).
"The Panama Canal can be taken by an enemy who can bring his airplane
carriers close enough. A single effective bomb on the locks can cripple canal
traffic for a long time" (p. 272, Der Balken Amerikas).
"We on our part are too little aware of the uniquely favorable position of
Central America from the world political point of view" (p. 253, Der Balken
Amerikas) .
Following is the text of an article concerning Dr. Ross which ap-
peared in the New York American, January 15, 1939, in which
particular attention is called to the fact that Fritz Kuhn with six of
his German-American Bund officers attended the gathering at which
Ross spoke. (This fact again refutes the testimony of Fritz Kuhn
before this committee when he stated that he had seen Ross on only
one occasion.)
Directly opposite views"of the situation of Germany "inside and out" brought
jeers and cheers yesterday at a meeting of the Foreign Policy Association at
the Hotel Astor, attended by approximately 1,000 persons.
Fritz Kuhn, leader of the Germ an- American Bund, attended with six follow-
ers and sat silently through the 2 hours of speaking and then left without giving
any expression of opinion.
Colin Ross, German author, gave it as his opinion that Germany, as a nation,
is at least 90 percent behind Hitler because of "the long way Hitler has brought
Germany from the despair and degradation that was hers under the terms of
the Treaty of Versailles in 1933, to the point in 1939 where Germany is strong
enough to give the whole world the jitters."
Ross was roundly hissed, but told his audience he was present to present the
German view of Hitler and Germany's situation, and felt that, under the cir-
cumstances, he was entitled to uninterrupted expression.
Ernst Wilhelm Meyer, formerly first secretary of the German Embassy in
Washington, drew cheers when he declared: "There is a great undercurrent of
disapproval of Hitler in Germany but, under the one-party system, none dares
express an opinion against the Nazi Party, and so the world gets the story, and
a picture, of almost unanimous backing of Hitler. Never in the history of
Germany has there been more enforced hypocrisy, more insincerity, than exists
in German today. Don't judge Germany, as a nation, by Hitler. Much as
they hate Hitlerism, Germans all over the world would hate to see an army,
because of Hitlerism, sent against their country, because Hitler has that country
terrorized into outward acceptance of his regime."
Dr. Ross and Fritz Gissibl, former national leader of the Friends
of New Germany, shared the platform at a Nazi meeting held in the
Germania Club, Chicago, on June 17, 1934. A complete report of this
meeting is found in the Deutsche Zeitung, of January 27, 1934.
Gissibl fled the United States after exposure of his un-American ac-
tivities by the McCormack Committee on un-American Activities and
has since become a director of the Foreign Propaganda Institute at
Stuttgart, Germany.
The New York times of April 5, 1934, reports that Br. Colin Ross
arrived on the North German Lloyd liner Europa from Germany.
As shown above, Dr. Ross spoke in Chicago the previous January 17.
This, then, indicates that Ross between January 17 and April 5 had
been in Germany and back again to the United States. It is one
typical instance of frequent visits between the United States and
Germany made by him.
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 53
The committee wishes again to emphasize that in the preparation
of this report it has made public only the result of its own investiga-
tions of the evidence available in this case. The committee further
has in its possession evidence indicating that there has been consider-
ably more activity on the part of Ross which has not yet been entirely
explored by the Government of the United States, particularly as to
the sundry contacts and associates of Ross in various movements
about this country.
H. R. HOFFMAN
It is probably true that more Nazi propaganda was disseminated in
the United States under the name of H. R. Hoffman than under any
other single Nazi auspices.
Hoffman's headquarters and mailing address were Munich, Ger-
many. His principal publications prepared for propaganda in the
United States were American Views, Foreign News, News from Ger-
many, and Economics. His output of Nazi propaganda was truly
prolific.
THE COMMITTEE'S INVESTIGATION
From the time of its inception down to the end of 1940, the com-
mittee kept a complete file of Hoffman's propaganda which entered
the United States.
At the end of 1940, this committee published a special report en-
titled "Appendix — Part III, Preliminary Report on Totalitarian
Propaganda in the United States." This report dealt at length with
the material mailed from Munich by Hoffman.
A few days after the publication of the committee's report, the
Postmaster General issued an order which stopped the distribution of
Hoffman's material through the mails. Prior to the Postmaster
General's order, American taxpayers had been paying the bill for the
distribution of this Nazi propaganda.
Operating under the terms of the Universal Postal Union, the Post
Office Department had been handling free of any charge to Germany
the vast quantity of Hoffman's material from the time it was unloaded
in our ports until its ultimate delivery to addressees all over the
United States.
THE QUANTITY OF HOFFMAN'S PROPAGANDA OUTPUT
The committee obtained from the Post Office Department a record
of shipments of Hoffman's material covering a period of 12 weeks from
September 5 to November 27, 1940. This record revealed that ap-
proximately 9^2 tons of mail from the Munich propagandist entered
the United States in that brief period.
The following tabulation gives the record of these shipments by
date of entry, carrying steamship, weight of material, and name of
publication.
54
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
55
Date of
arrival
1940
Sept. 5
5
15
15
19
27
Oct.
Nov.
Steamship
Tokai Maru.--
do....
Azuma Maru..
do
Kyusyu Maru
Brazil Maru
Tosan Mara...
Sakura Maru
Asama Mara...
Heijo Maru
Nankai Maru. .
Nitta Maru
Sanuki Maru..
Kinai Maru
Tatuta Mara...
Seia Maru
HokkaiMaru.
Mailed by —
H. R. Hoffman (Munich).
do
do
do
do...
do....
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
Weight,
pounds
1, 120
53
2,578
1500
525
1,415
490
844
62
2,847
3,518
1,496
522
98
875
977
924
Publication
News from Germany.
Do.
Foreign News.
Periodicals.
News from Germany.
News from Germany and American
views.
Periodicals.
News from Germany.
Periodicals.
Do.
News from Germany.
Periodicals.
Do.
Do.
Do.
News from Germany and American
views.
News from Germany and Economics.
1 Estimated.
OBJECTIVE OF HOFFMAN S PROPAGANDA
In its report at the end of 1940, the committee pointed out that
"the main item in this propaganda effort is to oppose American
preparedness for national defense." The committee further called
attention to the racial and religious hatred which Hoffman and
similar Axis propagandists attempted to inculcate in their American
readers.
EDWIN EMERSON
Edwin Emerson, veteran of the Spanish-American War, war and
foreign press correspondent, has been proven to be an official agent
of the German Government and of the German Nazi party in this
country. He was investigated by the Special Committee on Un-
American Activities under the chairmanship of the Honorable John
McCormack as well as by this committee.
emerson's background
Edwin Emerson was born in Dresden, Saxony, Germany, on
January 23, 1869. He graduated from Harvard University and
later served with Roosevelt's Rough Riders in the Spanish-American
War. He has had a long career as a military observer, soldier of
fortune, foreign and war correspondent throughout Central America,
Venezuela, Nicaragua, and Mexico, described in his various books and
articles.
Emerson resided at various times at the following addresses:
118 East Eighteenth Street, 215 East Fifteenth Street, New York
City, and more recently at Belle Haven, Va.
CONNECTIONS WITH GERMANY
He was war correspondent with General Von Hindenberg at
Tannenberg in 1914, with General Beseler at Antwerp, Ypres, and
Warsaw and with Mackensen in Serbia, Rumania, and Macedonia
in 1916.
From 1914 to 1917, Emerson was the editor of the English Conti-
nental News, published by the German Government to carry on
pro-German propaganda among English-speaking soldiers during
the last World War.
On April 11, 1915, Count Von Bernstoff, German Ambassador to
the United States, and Emerson were in contact with each other and
a letter from Emerson acknowledging a check for $1,000 was found
among Von Bernstoff 's papers. In November 1915 Emerson received
a wire from Ambassador Bernstoff expressing regret at missing him
and stating that "Paper will inform me." He has received funds from
official German sources for services to the German Propaganda Bureau.
On November 22, 1918, the President of Guatemala charged Emerson
with being a German spy. In 1921 and 1923, Emerson was expelled
from Austria and Switzerland as an undesirable alien engaged in
subversive activity.
Emerson seems to have been as active in behalf of the Nazi German
Government as he was in behalf of the Kaiser. In its issue for May
15, 1933, the "Amerika Deutsche Post," a pro-Nazi paper published
in New York, announced that its headquarters were in room 1923 in
the Whitehall Building, at 17 Battery Place. This was the office of
Colonel Emerson. On August 29, 1940, the Honorable Wright Patman
testified before the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
that —
Colonel Edwin Emeison of New York was named the Nazi rally's representative
in America * * * both by the German Consul in New York and by the
56
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 57
German Tourist Information Office. * * * He was one of the first to come
here representing the Nazi form of government in America. He had charge of
Nazi activities in 1933 and in subsequent years.
(Hearings, vol. 14, pp. 8168, 8179.)
A dispatch to the Chicago Daily News from their Berlin corre-
spondent, Junius B. Wood, declared:
An announcement from the press section of the Nazi party that Colonel Edwin
Emerson, a New York clubman, has been named representative of the party's
interests in the United States, revives unpleasant memories for many Americans
who served overseas during the World War.
In his testimony before the MeCormack committee, Carl C.
Dickey, advertising representative of the German Tourists Informa-
tion, declared that Emerson had asked him to send out the pamphlet
"Church and State" by Frederick Franklin Schrader, published by
the Friends of Germany, 17 Battery Place, New York City. The
following excerpts from this pamphlet, issued to counteract the tide
of religious opposition to Hitler and his regime, will show its propa-
gandists nature:
Patriotic Germans take great satisfaction in the recent improvement of rela-
tions between the Church and State in the Fatherland * * * What Bis-
marck failed to accomplish in eight years of cultural struggle (Kulturkampf)
Hitler won for his people in six months of negotiations.
Frederick Franklin Schrader wras an employee of the German Consul
who had carried on pro-German propaganda during the World War
and had been a WTiter for the "American Observer," the English
supplement to the pro-Nazi "Amerika Deutsche Post."
Congressman Patman testified that —
Colonel Emerson maintained a "translation and advertising bureau" in the
Whitehall Building, 17 Battery Place, New York, which is also the address of
the German Consul General. This happens to be the same place where the
publication Facts in Review was issued.
Emerson's aides in this enterprise were Frederick Franklin Schrader,
T. St. John Gaffney, former American Consul General in Munich
who was retired during the first World War because of pro-German
activity, Ferdinand Hansen, Joseph J. O'Donohue, Rev. Francis
Gross, and Arthur Fleming Waring (hearings, vol. 14, p. 8206).
Emerson was the director of the Friends of Germany, with offices
at 17 Battery Place, New York.
Emerson was a contributor to the Deutscher Weckruf and Beo-
bachter, official Bund organ, and arranged for Fritz Kuhn's trip to
Nazi Germany (hearings, vol. 8, p. 5195).
Emerson wras in close touch with Royal Scott Gulden, who organ-
ized the secret "Order of 76," William Dudley Pelley, head of the
Silver Shirts, and George Sylvester Viereck, convicted Nazi propa-
gandist. In fact, Pelley lived with Emerson for some time at the
Hotel Edison in New York. Members of this group together wdth
Carl Guenther Orgell, Emerson's secretary, and Captain Mensing of
the North German Lloyd Line are reported to have had numerous
parties aboard the Europa, the Bremen, and the Deutschland, accord-
ing to testimony presented to this committee (hearings, vol. 12, pp.
7541 to 7552).
According to the testimony of William Dudley Pelley, Emerson of-
fered to place 15,000 Germans in Pelley's Silver Legion at $10 per
head, an offer wThich Pelley declared he lefused.
58 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
In connection with its exposure of Manfred Zapp and the Trans-
ocean News Service, the committee found two pieces of correspondence
with Emerson. Exhibit 122, in appendix — Part II, reads as follows:
September 13, 1939.
Col. Edwin Emerson,
5 Edgewood Terrace, Alexandria, Va.,
Belle Haven.
Dear Sir: According to your request I am sending you, for a month on trial
our Transocean News Service.
In these times of crisis and war, the Transocean News Service is in the posi-
tion to make its news reports available to individuals, interested in Central
European events.
The Transocean News Service, whose headquarters are in Berlin, Germany, is
a privately owned corporation, not to be confused with the DNB (Deutsches
Nachrichtenbuero) , Transocean specializes in Central European and Near East-
ern news and has an excellent coverage of the Baltics, the Balkans, the Orient
and Germany. Transocean carries all of the official government statements of
Central Europe and does not permit its correspondence to color facts with
individual opinion and comment.
The Transocean News Service reports, which will be issued daily, would cost
$3.00 a week.
If you are interested in the Transocean News Service for your own information,
please send me a note.
Very truly yours,
Manfred Zapp.
Subsequent to this offer from Zapp, Emerson voluntarily sent in a
report to Transocean and closed his letter with a "Sieg-Heil for your
Fuehrer." The letter is addressed to Tonn, Zapp's assistant.
5 Edgewood Terr., Belle Haven,
Alexandria, Va., September 28, 1989.
Mr. Tonn,
Transocean, 341 Madison Avenue,
New York City.
Dear Mr. Tonn: In accordance with my promise I am sending you a brief
repoit about an occurrence which may have escaped your local representative,
since nearly all the local papers assiduously suppressed it. It is of course under-
stood that for such small services I do not expect any honorarium.
As I have stated orally to you, you have my sincere sympathy in the difficulties
of your dangerous post. You are so constantly devoting yourself to Transocean
and your fatherland that you are able to overcome attendant inconveniences.
Of your reports, which are always welcome, only two have failed to appear so
far. My latest German mail arrived so mischievously rumpled that postman felt
constrained to apologize for the Alexandria Post Office.
With a Sieg-Heil for your Fuehrer,
Yours,
(Signed) Edwin Emerson.
FRIENDS OF GERMANY
The Friends of Germany was organized in 1933 by Emerson.
The Friends of New Germany, immediate predecessor of the
German- American Bund, appeared on the scene shortly after the
formation of Emerson's Friends of Germany.
In May 1934, the leaders of the two organizations with similar
names — the Friends of Germany and the Friends of New Germany —
negotiated an arrangement whereby the members of the Friends of
Ciermany were to be admitted to the Friends of New Germany
without the payment of an initiation fee. Thereupon, the Friends
of Germanv was dissolved.
GERMAN-AMERICAN BUND
(Amerikadeutscher Volksbund)
The German-American Bund followed closely the pattern of treason
made familiar by the Nazis in such organizations as those of Norway's
Quisling, Czechoslovakia's Henlein, Belgium's Degrelle, and Jugo-
slavia's Pavelic. Operating under the flimsy pretext of cultural objec-
tives and general German-American welfare, the bund was always and
everywhere a Nazi agency working for disruption, espionage, sabotage,
and treason. The bund's pious pretenses were so shallow that it is
impossible to believe that any considerable proportion of its member-
ship was ever truly deceived concerning its objectives.
THE COMMITTEE'S INVESTIGATION
On August 12, 1938, this committee held its first public hearings.
In an all-day session, the committee heard four witnesses who testi-
fied concerning the German-American Bund and its counterpart for
German nationals, the German Bund.
The most important of the committee's first witnesses was Peter
Gissibl, who had been active in the pro-Nazi organizations which pre-
ceded the formation of the German-American Bund and had later, for
a period of more than a year, been the local leader of the bund in
Chicago.
It was definitely established through the testimony of Gissibl that
Fritz Kuhn had ordered the destruction of bund correspondence and
membership lists in order to prevent their coming into the hands of
this committee. At the very outset of its investigations, therefore,
the committee was faced with the defiance and recalcitrance of the
bund leaders. Nevertheless, the very act of destroying its records
strongly confirmed the widely held suspicion of the subversive char-
acter and aims of the German-American Bund
During the latter half of 1938, the committee employed as an inves-
tigator a man who had become a member of the bund in order to
obtain evidence of the bund's character from the inside.
The committee heard 23 witnesses on the bund in public sessions.
These included some of the outstanding leaders of the bund itself.
The following is a tabulation of the witnesses who appeared before
the committee in public sessions and gave testimony on the German-
American Bund, together with the dates of their appearance and the
59
60
UN-AMERICAN" PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
pages of the committee's hearings on which their testimony may be
found :
Witness
John C. Metcalfe.
Peter Gissibl
Frank Davin
James J. Metcalfe. . .
John M. Sweeney...
Roy P. Monohan...
John C. Metcalfe
Do
Do
Do
Arnold Gingrich
John C. Metcalfe....
Bernhard Hoffman.
LeRoy Schulz
John C. Metcalfe....
Do
Do
Do
Theodore Graebner.
John C. Metcalfe..-.
Date of ap-
pearance
Aug. 12,1938
.._.do
do
do .
Sept. 15, 193S
Sept. 16, 1938
Sept. 28,1938
Sept. 29, 1938
Sept. 30, 1938
Oct. 5, 1938
Oct. 6, 1938
Nov. 5,1938
do__
do
Nov. 15, 1938
Nov. 16, 1938
Nov. 19, 1938
Nov. 21, 1938
Dec. 9, 1938
Dec. 14,1938
Page of
commit-
tee
hearing
3-90
47-72
84-86
72-75
75-84
1026-1037
1081-1096
1107-1139
1141-1162
1163-1180
1203-1219
1221-1237
2117
2118-2129
2129-2142
2235-2246
2287-2288
2340-2363
2366-2389
3004-3015
3025-3027
Witness
Fritz Kuhn.
Do
Helen Vooros
John C. Metcalfe
Henry D. Allen
Do
Robert B. Barker
Do
Gerhart H. Seger
Neil Howard Ness
Do
Fritz Kuhn
Richard T. Forbes
Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze
August Klapprott
Arthur H. Bell
A. M. Young
Otto Hohner
Herman A. Ries
Richard W. Werner
Date of ap-
pearance
Aug. 16,1939
Aug. 17,1939
Aug. 18,1939
do
Aug. 22. 1939
Aug. 24, 1939
Aug. 28, 1939
Aug. 29, 1939
Sept. 25, 1939
Oct. 5, 1939
6. 1939
19, 1939
21, 1939
1. 1940
2, 1940
...do
....do _.
do
do
Oct. 4, 1940
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct-
Oct.
Page of
commit-
tee
hearing
3705-3814
3815-3889
f3891-3942
^3946-3960
3942-3946
3971-4044
4080-4179
4181-4237
4239-4208
5175-5203
5489-5506
5511-5530
6043-6124
6185-6211
8251-8283
8285-8307
8307-8313
8313-8318
8318-8323
8323-8330
8331-8388
In addition to the foregoing witnesses who were heard in public
sessions of the committee, 56 other witnesses were heard on the bund
in executive sessions of the committee.
For several months the committee employed special investigators
who were acquainted with the German language. These investi-
gators spent their entire time in examining the publications of the
German-American Bund, particularly the Deutscher Weckruf unci
Beobachter, which was the bund's official organ.
THE COMMITTEE S REPORTS ON THE BUND
In its first report to the House of Representatives in January 1939,
this committee dealt at length with the German-American Bund.
(See pp. 91-113 of that report.) The same was done in subsequent
annual reports to the House.
In January 1941, the committee issued a special report of 178 pages
dealing exclusively with the bund. This report is known as Appen-
dix— Part IV. This report was introduced by the prosecution in the
recent trial of bund leaders in New York, a trial which resulted
in the conviction of all the defendants. In this report, based largely
upon documents obtained from the personal effects of Gerhard
Wilhelm Kunze, the committee found the following things:
1. That the bund was characterized by the same ruthless
efficiency of the military set-up which characterized Hitler's
machine in Germany.
2. That bund members were subjected to "absolute loyalty"
and "blind obedience" to the bund's fuehrer.
3. That the bund demanded that its members be "fanatical
fighters" for national socialism.
4. That the bund anticipated the necessity of violence in
carrying out its program.
UN-AMERICAN" PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 61
5. That the bund was characterized by extreme religious
bigotry.
6. That the bund aimed at the establishment of a new kind of
government in the United States, one which should incorporate
the principle of Nazi religious bigotry.
7. That the bund kept a systematic record of its enemies.
8. That the bund specified that its meetings should be closed
with the following declaration: "To a free, Gentile-ruled United
States and to our fighting movement of awakened Aryan Ameri-
cans, a threefold rousing 'Free America! Free America! Free
America!' "
9. That the bund was an absolutely secret organization.
10. That the bund looked upon all Americans of German
descent as owing loyalty to the Reich.
11. And that the bund was ideologically and organizationally
tied to Nazi Germany.
OUTLINE OF THE BUND's HISTORY
Tracing the organizational background of the German-American
Bund briefly, we find the following stages:
(1) The first definitely Nazi group organized on American soil was
formed in Chicago in October 1924. The group was known as Teu-
tonia and its founder was Fritz Gissibl. Gissibl, who was an alien,
at the time, later became a member of the National Socialist German
Labor Party (the full English title of the Nazi Party in Germany).
He was born in Nuremberg, Germany, and came to the United
States in December 1923. A period of only 10 months elapsed between
time of his arrival in this country and the time of his forming Teutonia.
He made no secret of his allegiance to Adolf Hitler. Gissibl was a
printer by trade and was employed on the Chicago Daily News until
his Nazi activities were publicly exposed. According to Gissibl' s
sworn statements, Teutonia never had more than 50 members in Chi-
cago. In 1931, a branch of Teutonia was formed in Detroit. The
Detroit branch was still smaller, having an approximate membership
of 12. The leader of the Detroit branch of Teutonia was one Walter
Hentschel. Hubert Sclmuch succeeded Fritz Gissibl as leader of the
Chicago branch of Teutonia. According to Gissibl, Teutonia was dis-
banded in 1932. Approximtely 1 year later, most of the members of
Teutonia joined the Friends of New Germany. Peter Gissibl, Fritz's
brother, and Hubert Schnuch both testified that Teutonia was the
forerunner of the Friends of New Germany.
(2) Between the time of the dissolution of Teutonia and the time of
the formation of the Friends of New Germany, approximately 1 year
elapsed. During that interim of 1 year, locals of the National
Socialist German Labor Party were organized in Chicago and Detroit.
A local of the Nazi Party had previously been organized in New York
City. In April 1933, on orders from Rudolf Hess, deputy leader of
the Nazi Party in Germany, these American locals of the National
Socialist German Labor Party were disbanded.
(3) In July 1933, the Friends of New Germany was formed in
Chicago. According to Fritz Gissibl, "the left-overs of the former
Nazi Party and their friends" sent delegates to Chicago for the pur-
pose of setting up the Friends of New Germany. The Chicago
62 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
convention elected Heinz Spanknoebel as leader and Fritz Gissibl
as deputy leader of the new organization. New York City was
chosen as the seat of the organization's national headquarters.
Spanknoebel, a photoengraver by trade, claimed that he was a
clergyman at the time he entered the United States. At the public
hearings of the McCormack committee (Special Committee on
Un-American Activities) on June 6, 1934, a letter from Heinz Spank-
noebel to Walter Kappe was introduced in evidence. This letter
read, in part, as follows:
First of all, confidentially, for technical reasons my commission must continue
as leader of the defense and enlightenment in the U. S. A., for which also the
necessary funds have been appropriated. * * * Our office here leans closely
on the consul general, and at present, I am occupied with negotiations and with
furnishing the office. * * * Have full authorizations from the Supreme
Party Office as well as from the Ministry for Propaganda.
This letter was dated July 6, 1933.
(4) On December 1, 1935, Fritz Kuhn became the head or fuehrer
of the Friends of New Germany. In March 1936, in Buffalo, the
Friends of New Germany became the German-American Bund and
Fritz Kuhn was made its leader. Kuhn remained as leader until
December 1939, when he was convicted of the misuse of the funds
of the organization. Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze thereupon succeeded
Kuhn as the bund's fuehrer.
FRITZ KUHN
Fritz Julius Kuhn was born in Munich, Germany, on May. 15, 1896.
According to his own testimony, he received his education in Munich,
completing a university course there.
In the First World War Kuhn was a machine gunner in the infantry
of the German Army. He states that he served 4^ years with the
German forces, and by the end of the war had attained the rank of
lieutenant.
Kuhri's brother, Max, was appointed a member of the German Supreme
Covrt by Hitler — sufficient evidence that the Kuhn family stands in
well with the Nazi Fuehrer.
When Kuhn was a witness before the Special Committee on Un-
American Activities, he stated that he had never at any time been a
member of the National Socialist Party in Germany. However, his
testimony on this point was in conflict with a statement which ap-
peared in the official publication of the Friends of New Germany, the
Nazi organization which preceded the German-American Bund. In
this publication, a picture of Kuhn was carried in the issue of Decem-
ber 30, 1935. Kuhn, who had just become the recognized national
leader of the Nazi element among Germans in this country, was
introduced to his Nazi followers with the following statement:
Mr. Fritz Kuhn became a member of the Nazi Party in 1921 and was active
under (lie then Munich police commissioner, one of the first leading Nazi officials,
Dr. Poehner.
Kuhn further testified before the Special Committee on Un-Ameri-
can Activities that he had had no part in the Munich beer hall putsch
of November 9, 1923. This, too, was in direct conflict with the state-
ment which appeared under his picture in the Friends of New Germany
paper of December 30, 1935, which declared:
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 63
When on November 9, 1923, in front of the Feldherrenhalle in Munich, Bavarian
police shot at the Nazis marching under the leadership of Hitler and Ludendorff,
Kuhn was among the marching Nazis.
Whether Kuhn committed perjury on the foregoing questions when
he was a witness before the committee, or whether the Nazi news-
paper deliberately falsified his record and background, the committee
is not in a position to state. One thing is certain, however, and that
is that the Friends of New Germany desired very much to present
itself as a bona fide Nazi organization by correctly or falsely, as the
case may be, introducing its fuehrer as one of the original and devoted
followers of Adolf Hitler.
Kuhn entered the United States at Laredo, Tex., on or about May
18, 1927. Prior to that date, he claims to have had a residence of
about 3 years in Mexico.
After his entry into the United States, Kuhn proceeded directly to
Detroit, where he obtained employment in the Henry Ford Hospital
and later as a chemical engineer in the Ford Motor Co. Kuhn's
employment in these Ford institutions lasted about 8 years.
Kuhn wras naturalized in Detroit on December 3, 1934.
Prior to his naturalization, Fritz Kuhn became a member of the
Friends of New Germany, the Nazi organization which was the pred-
ecessor of the German-American Bund. Kuhn was, in fact, the
local unit leader of the Friends of New Germany in Detroit. It is,
therefore, apparent that, wholly apart from other evidence, Kuhn's
loyalty was to Nazi Germai\y at the very time that he took out his
final citizenship papers in the United States. Almost 3 years later,
Kuhn made it unequivocally clear that his American citizenship had
not interfered with his loyalty to Nazi Germany. In his bund news-
paper, Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter, for April 22, 1937, Kuhn
wrote as follows:
We may have various citizenship papers in our drawers, but we are all Germans
and part of the great German nation of a hundred million people.
The German-American Bund was formally launched at a national
convention held in Buffalo, N. Y., in March 1936. Kuhn testified
before the Special Committee on Un-American activities that he
personally called this convention together. He was made bundes-
fuehrer (bund leader) of the new organization. Subsequently, Kuhn
became head of three subsidiary or affiliated organizations. They
were the German-American Business League, the A. V. Publishing
Corporation, and the A. V. Development Corporation. (The initials
A. V. Stand for the German title of the bund which is Amerika-
deutscher Volksbund).
In the Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter, official bund news-
paper, the visit of Kuhn and a delegation of German-American Bund
storm troopers to Germany was described with obvious pride in both
words and pictures. The accounts of this visit, which took place in
1936, are found in the Deutscher Weckruf and Beobachter for August
6, August 27, and September 10, 1936. When these bund storm
troopers paraded in Berlin before Hitler himself, the Nazi Feuhrer
stood on the balcony of the Chancellory. As Hitler stood there
viewing this parade, Fritz Kuhn went to the baleoiry and, according
to the words of the Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter itself, "Bund
Leader Fritz Kuhn reported to him." The German text of this episode
279895—43 — Appendix 7 5
64 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGAXDA ACTIVITIES
is as follows: "Auf clem Balkon der Reichskanzlei stehend, nahm
Reichskanzler Hitler den Vorbeimarsch ab, Bundesfuehrer Fritz
Kuhn erstattet ihm Meldung." It cannot be denied that Hitler in
this manner gave the highest official recognition of the fact that the
German-American Bund was a Nazi agency and that Bundesfuehrer
Fritz Kuhn was a subordinate of Hitler himself. According to the
report which was published in the bund's own newspaper, Hitler
replied to Kuhn, "Now you go back and continue your struggle."
Fritz Kuhn permitted himself to be described as "the American
Henlein" in the Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter of August 31,
1939. The treasonable role of Henlein in Czechoslovakia is, of course,
a matter of public record. Kulm's career as leader of the German-
American Bund and the record of the bund itself fit perfectly the
pattern made familiar by Quisling in Norway, Degrelle in Belgium,
and Henlein in Czechoslovakia.
From March 1936, until he was sent to prison, Kuhn occupied the
position of bundesfuehrer in the German-American Bund. In the
organization, his word was law. In November 1939, Kuhn was con-
victed of misuse of the funds of the German-American Bund and was
committed to prison shortly thereafter.
Fritz Kuhn was a witness before the Special Committee on Un-
American Activities on August 16 and 17, and October 19, 1939. The
transcript of his testimony may be found on pages 3705-3889 and
6043-6124 of the committee's published hearings.
GERHARD WILHELM KIJNZfc
Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze was born in Camden, N. J., on Janu-
ary 10, 1906.
'According to his testimony before the Special Committee on
Un-American Activities, Kunze's formal education extended through
high school. He also received electrical and mechanical training in
various night schools.
■ By occupation, Kunze was a chauffeur-mechanic and electrician up
until his full-time employment with the German-American Bund.
Kunze states that he joined the Friends of New Germany in
September 1933 and that he was a member of the convention which
founded the Germ an -American Bund at Buffalo, N. Y., in March
1936. From the formation of the Bund until August 1937 Kunze was
employed by the German- American Bund in Philadelphia, From
November 1937 until April 1939 he worked with the German-American
Bund in New York on a volunteer basis. From April 1939 until the
entry of the United States into the war in December 1941 Kunze was
employed on a salary basis by the German-American Bund.
Kunze's position with the bund prior to the imprisonment of Fritz
Kuhn was that of national public relations director. After Kuhn
was convicted and sent to prison, Kunze became acting national
bundesfuehrer of the German-American Bund. His term of acting
bundesfuehrer extended from December 5, 1939, to September 1,
1940. On the latter date, Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze became national
bundesfuehrer of the German-American Bund and continued in that
capacity until the entry of the United Slates into the war in December
1941.
UN-AMERICAX PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 65
After the United States entered the war, Kunze fled to Mexico
with the alleged intention of making an escape to Germany. In July
1942 he was apprehended by the Mexican authorities, taken to the
border, where he was picked up by United States authorities and
flown to New York. -Kunzc has been convicted on several counts in-
cluding- espionage.
Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze was a witness before the Special Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities on October 1 , 1940. The transcript
of his testimony may be found on pages 8251-8283 in the committee's
published hearings.
PETER GISSIBL
Peter Gissibl was born in Germany on October 2, 1900. He landed
in the United States on May 10, 1923, and became a naturalized
citizen of this country on April 29, 1929.
In February 1925 Gissibl joined the Teutonia Society, one of the
Nazi predecessors of the German-American Bund. Gissibl was also a
member and an official in the Friends of New Germany (organized
in May 1933 and dissolved at the time of the formation of the German-
American Bund in March 193G).
Peter Gissibl was president of the German- American Business
League (Deutscher Konsum Verband), an auxiliary of the German-
American Bund. He was also president of the Teutonia Publishing
Co., and president of the Concordia Male Chorus.
From May 1, 1937, until May 18, 1938, Peter Gissibl was local unit
leader of the German-American Bund in Chicago, a position which he
states that he resigned on the latter date because of disagreements
with Fritz Kuhn.
Peter Gissibl's brother, Fritz, was the founder of the Teutonia
Society and later the national president of the Friends of New
Germany.
Peter Gissibl was a witness before the Special Committee on Un-
American Activities on the first day of the committee's taking testi-
mony at public hearings, which was on August 12, 1938. The
transcript of his testimony may be found on pages 47-72 and 84-86
of the committee's published hearings.
AUGUST KLAPPROTT
August Klapprott was born in Germany on September 4, 1906. He
came to the United States in 1927 and was naturalized in 1934.
For 10 years after his arrival in the United States, Klapprott worked
as a bricklayer. From May 1937 until January 1940 he operated a
restaurant in Nordland, N. J. In January 1940 he became a full-
time salaried employee of the German American Bund.
Klapprott states that he was a member of the Friends of New Ger-
many for a period of 2 years prior to the formation of the bund. He
joined the German-American Bund at the time of its formation in
March 1936.
Klapprott's position in the bund was that of eastern department
leader. In the whole of the United States, the German-American
Bund has three departments, the eastern, the middle western, and the
western. Klapprott's territory extended from Maine to Florida and
included the inland States of Vermont and West Virginia.
66 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
August Klapprott is now under indictment for conspiracy to inter-
fere with the operation of the Selective Service Act.
Klapprott was a witness before the Special Committee on Un-Ameri-
can Activities on October 2, 1940. The transcript of his testimony
may be found on pages 8285-8307 of the committee's published
hearings.
MEETING PLACES OF THE BUND
Among the meeting places of the German -American Bund, located
by the committee, were the following:
California:
Los Angeles, Deutsches Haus, 634 West Fifteenth Street.
Oakland, Hermannsohn's Park, Dublin Canyon.
San Gabriel, Grape Vine Cafe.
Connecticut :
Norwalk, South Norwalk Quartette Club, 11 River Street.
Southbury, Camp General von Steuben.
Stamford, Liedertafel Halle, 45 Greyrock Place.
Illinois: Chicago, Germania Klubhaus, 108 Germania Place.
Maryland: Baltimore, Deutsches Haus.
Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, Philadelphia Turnhalle, Broad Street and Columbia
Avenue.
New Jersey:
East Rutherford, Old Heidelberg Restaurant, Paterson Avenue.
Fairfield, "Deutsches Eck," Route No. 6.
Hackensack, Uhland Halle, 333 Main Street.
Irvington, Emanuels Church, Ney Avenue.
Newark, Apollo Hall.
North Bergen, Schuetzenpark-Saal, Hackensack Plankroad and Hudson
Boulevard.
Passaic, Turn Hall, 240 Hope Avenue.
Riverdale, Edelweiss Restaurant, Riverdale Road.
Spiingfeld, Immergruen Park.
Union City, German American Bund Home, 754 Palisade Avenue.
New York:
Astoria, Broadway Tavern, 30-09 Broadway.
Astoria, Long Island Turnhalle, 44-01 Broadway.
Astoria, Steubenhaus.
Bardonia, Siegmund Restaurant.
Bronx, Ebling's Casino, One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Street and St. Ann's
Avenue.
Brooklyn, O. D. Home, St. Nicholas Avenue.
Brooklyn, Prospect Hall, 261 Prospect Avenue.
Brooklyn, Woodward Inn, 675 Woodward Avenue.
Buffalo, Tanglewood Park.
College Point, Long Island, Columbia Hall, Eighteenth Avenue and One
Hundred and Twenty-first Street.
Four Corners, Cardinal Lunch, Route No. 59.
Franklin Square, Long Island, Plattdeutscher Volksfest Park.
Grant City, Staten Island, Privacky's Grant City Park at Midland Avenue
near Hylan Avenue.
Harrison, Scholz' Farm, 35 Harrison Avenue.
Hempstead, Long Island, Polish Hall.
Hewlett, Long Island, Castle Inn, 1218 Broadway.
Jamaica, Long Island, Jamaica Saengerbund Halle, 168-15 Ninety-first
Avenue.
Kitchawan, Cuno Country (Tub.
Lindenhurst, Long Island, Washington Hall, North Wellwood Avenue.
New Hyde Park, Long Island, Brauhof.
New Rochelle, Alps Rest, 240 Huguenot Street,
\Cw Rochelle, Welmot Inn, Welmot Road Corner.
New Rochelle, Grabs Hall, 18 Mechanic Street,
New York City, L, Armbruster, Inc., 1409 Third Avenue.
New York City, .lacker's Turnhall, Eighty-fifth Street and Lexington Avenue.
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 67
New York — Continued.
New York City, Yorkville Casino, 210 East Eighty-sixth Street.
Ridgewood, Long Island, New Ridgewood Hall, 1880 Mcnahan Street.
Rockland County, North Mountain Casino.
Schenectady, Wenzel's Park, end of Campbell Avenue.
Stapleton, Staten Island, Atlantic Kotisserie, 191 Canal Street.
Stapleton, Staten Island, Stapleton Lyceum, 730 Van Duzer Street.
Staten Island, Alma Guenther Restaurant.
Suffern, Fesel's Pavillion.
Trov, Germania Hall.
White Plains, 101 Main Street,
White Plains, Fritz Restaurant, East Post Road.
Woodside, Long Island, Steuben House.
Yonkers, Polish Community Center.
Washington: Seattle, Deutsches Haus.
Wisconsin:
Grafton, Camp Hindenburg.
Milwaukee, Republican Hotel, Third Street and Kilbourne Avenue.
LEADERS OF THE BUND
AVhili4 it was impossible for the committee to obtain a complete
list of the bund's membership because Kuhn had ordered the destruc-
tion of all membership lists, the committee has been able to identify
many, if not all, of the leaders of the German American Bund. The
following is a list of bund leaders from coast to coast who were pub-
licly active in the organization's affairs:
Ach, Karl, group leader of the bund in local New York.
Adrian, Else, leader of the girls' section of the bund in local New York, and
selected by the bund for training in Stuttgart, Germany.
Andling, Paul, leader of the bund in Schenectady, N. Y.
Bachman, Karl, leader of the bund in local Albany, N. Y.
Bauer, William P., leader of the bund in San Diego, Calif.
Biedl, Franz, bund treasurer in local New York.
Biele, N., head of the bund storm troopers in Philadelphia, and head of bund
Camp Deutschhorst at Sellersville, Pa.
Boening, William, leader of the bund storm troopers in Astoria, Long Island,
N. Y., and alternate leader of the storm troopers for the eastern district of
the bund.
Bojes, Frank, leader of the bund, local Stapleton, Staten Island.
Borchers, Walter, leader of the bund, local South Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brauns, Georg, leader of the bund, local Hudson County, N. J.
Budelmann, John, local leader oi the bund, Bergen County, N. J.
Claasen, Bernard, leader of the bund in Hammond, Ind.
Cyler, Leo, leader of the bund in Lindenhurst, Long Island.
DetiefT, John, acting district leader of the bund in Hempstead, Long Island.
Diebel, Hans, member of the bund in Los Angeles, and head of the Aryan Book
Shop in Los Angeles.
Dinkelacker, Mrs. Erna, head or the youth camps of the bund.
Dinkelacker, Theodor, youth leader of the bund.
Dittrich, Diego, leader of the bund orchestra in Seattle, Wash.
Duell, Elizabeth, member of the bund and leader of the girls' group of the bund
in Newark, N. J.
Eigenberger, Frederick, leader of the bund in Sheboygan, Wis.
Faigle, Gotthief, leader of the bund in Yonkers, N. Y.
Faller, Mrs. Anna, leader of the bund girls' group in Kenosha, Wis.
Flick, Karl, leadei of the storm troopers of the bund for the Brooklyn district.
Foch, Matthias, district leader of the bund in Santa Barbara, Calif.
Folger, Duncan, head of the bund in New Rochelle, N. Y.
Frischkorn, Paul, leader of the bund in Detroit, Mich.
Fritz, William Jacob, leader of the bund in Toledo, Ohio.
Froboese, George, head of the midwestern district of the bund.
Fuchs, Anton, head of the bund in Pittsburgh, Pa.
Funk, Rudolf, leader of the youth section of the bund in Astoria, Long Island, N. Y.
68 : UN- AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
Gaenger, Peter, head of the propaganda section of the bund in Pittsburgh, Pa.
Gissibl, Fritz, founder of the Teutonia and national president of the Friends of
New Germany, both of which organizations were predecessors of the German-
American Bund.
Gissibl, Peter, head of the bund in Chicago, 111., and president of the Deutscher
Konsum Verband, a subsidiary of the German American Bund.
Gloeckler, Hedwig, district leader of the bund in Hudson County, N. J.
Goeppel, Allen, leader of the bund in Pittsburgh, Pa.
Goetz, Susie, chief of the bund's news service.
Greis, H., district leader of the bund in New Haven, Conn.
Haas, Hugo, leader of the bund in Brooklyn and active in the bund's youth sec-
tion; went to Germany to work in the League of Germans Living Abroad.
Haertel, Mrs. Elli, leader of the German Language School of the bund in Staten
Island, N. Y.
Hagebusch, Ereka, youth leader of the girls' section of the bund at Camp Nord-
land, N. J., and leader of the bund's vouth section in Astoria, Long Island,
N. Y.
Hartman, Alexander H., leader of the bund in Philadelphia, Pa.
Hauck, H., leader of the bund in Jamaica, Long Island, N. Y.
Hayser, Elizabeth, leader of the bund in Milwaukee, Wis.
Heimsoth, Henri, leader of the bund in Kenosha, Wis.
Hem, Gottlieb, district leader of the bund in Oakland, Calif;
Heise, Anna, leader of the women's section of the bund in Brooklyn, N. Y.
Heise, Kurt, district leader of the bund in Long Island, N. Y.
Heller, William, leader of the bund in Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Hesse, Karl, district leader of the bund in Spokane, Wash.
Hoeflich, Hermann J., leader of the bund in Rockland County, N. Y.
Hutten, H., district leader of the bund in Staten Island, N. Y.
Kappe, Walter, recently resigned from the German Army in which he is a lieu-
tenant in order to become the head of a sabotage ring for the United States,
and formerly a member of the bund in New York where he was the editor of
the Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter, official organ of the German- American
Bund.
Kessler, Martin, district leader of the bund in Cleveland, Ohio.
Klapprott, August, leader of the bund in New Jersey.
Klapprott, Mrs. August, leader of the girl's group of the bund in New Jersey.
Koch, Tilly, leader of the youth movement of the bund in South Brooklyn, N. Y.
Koehler, Konrad, business manager of the Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter,
official organ of the bund.
Kohler, Matthias, local leader of the bund in Newark, N. J.
Kuehn, E. F., leader of the bund in Petaluma, Calif.
Kuhn, Fritz, national leader (fuehrer) of the German American Bund and all of
its subsidiaries.
Kullman, Paul, local leader of the bund in Wyomissing, Pa.
Kump, Fred, head of the bund in Glendale, Long Island, X. Y.
Kunze, Mrs. A., leader of the women's section of the bund in New Milford,
Bergen County, N. J.
Kunze, G. Wilhelm, successor to Fritz Kuhn as national leader (fuehrer) of the
bund and its subsidiaries.
Lage, Henry, head of the bund in San Francisco, Calif.
Lattemann, W., head of the bund in Schenectady, N. Y.
Lechner, H., district leader of the bund in Seattle, Wash.
Leibiger, Gustav, district leader of the storm troopers of the bund in Westchester
County, N. Y., and Connecticut.
Liebler, Fred, local leader of the bund in Jamaica, Long Island, N. Y.
Liedertafel, P. Kohl, local leader of the bund in St. Louis, Mo.
Luedtke, Willy, national officer of the bund.
I.utz, John, local leader of the bund in San Diego and San Francisco, Calif.
Markinann, Rudolf, district leader of the bund for the eastern paxt of the
United States.
Martin, Rudolph, district leader of the bund for the eastern part of the United
States.
Martin, Theo, local leader of the bund in Philadelphia, Pa.
Met tin, Richard, pari owner of the Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter, official
organ <>f the bund.
Meyer, Bans, leader of the storm troopers of the bund in New York.
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 69
Meyer, Lieselotte, head of the girl's section of the blind in Lindehhurst, Long
Island, N. Y.
Muehlke, Frank, treasurer of the bund in San Diego, Calif.
Mueller, Albert, leader of the bund in St. Louis, Mo.
Mueller, Ernst, head of the bund in Camp Siegfried, Yaphank, Long Island,
N. Y.
Munk, George, head of the bund in Stamford. Conn.
Nadler, .Elly, leader of the girl's group of the bund in White Plains, N. Y.
Nuebeck, Hans, district leader of the bund in Buffalo, N. Y.
.Nicolay, Carl, propaganda leader of the bund.
Nicolay, Franz, leader of the youth section of the bund in South Brooklyn, N. Y.
Orgel, Helen, head of the women's section of the bund in Los Angeles, Calif.
Othmer, Waldemar, leader of the bund in Trenton, N. J.
Pollmann, Mrs. M., head of the women's section of the bund in Hudson County,
N. J.
Purwien, H., local leader of the bund in South Bend, Ind.
Rehfeldt, Anna, national leader of the women's group of the bund.
Reese, Edward, leader of the bund in Spokane, Wash.
Reisberger, George, treasurer of the bund in the Bronx, N. Y.
Rheinberg, Ulrich, dramatic director of the bund.
Rieper, Jacob, head of the bund in White Plains, X. Y.
Risse, Arno, district leader of the bund in Los Angeles, Calif.
Rompe, Hans, local leader of the bund in Lindenhurst, Long Island, N. Y.
Ruhnke, William, leader of the bund in Dayton, Ohio.
Sahling, Werner, head of the boys' section of the bund in New York.
Schaphorst, Henry, local leader of the bund in Fort Wayne, Ind.
Schattat, Fred, local leader of the bund in Gary, Ind.
Scheurer, Hans, local leader of the bund in Portland. Oreg.
Schnoes, E., treasurer of the bund in the Bronx, N. Y.
Schrader, Frederic F., editor of the Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter, official
organ of the bund.
Schreiber, John H., local leader of the bund in Detroit, Mich., and Toledo, Ohio.
Schrick, Michael, head of the storm troopers of the bund in New York.
Schuster, Josef, district leader of the bund in New York.
Schwarzmann, H., district leader of the storm troopers of the bund for the eastern
part of the United States.
Schwinn, Hermann, district leader of the bund in Los Angeles, Calif.
Seegers, Henry, leader of the bund in West Reading, Pa.
Seidel, Erich, organizer of the bund in Glendale, Long Island, N. Y.
Stoll, Paul, local leader of the bund in Seattle, Wash.
Sturn, Erna, leader of the women's group of the bund in Astoria, Long Island, N. Y.
Toener, Rudolf, district leader of the bund in Los Angeles, Calif.
Ullrich, Reinhart, head of the bund in Pittsburgh, Pa.
Vandenberg, Frederick, youth leader of the bund in Camp Siegfried, Yaphank,
Long Island, N. Y.
Van den Bergh, Bertha, head of the women's section of the bund in South Brook-
lyn, N. Y.
Vanderbergh, Frank, local leader of the bund in Brooklyn, N. Y.
Voch, Matthias, leader of the bund in Santa Barbara, Calif.
Von Holt, Henry, local leader of the bund in the Bronx, N. Y.
Von Nasse, Eberhard, founder of the youth section of the bund.
Wagner, Carl, leader of the bund in Passaic County, N. J.
Wagner, Henry, acting head of the bund in Brooklyn, N. Y.
Wax, M., local leader of the bund in Cleveland, Ohio, and Cincinnati, Ohio.
Wegener, Otto, head of the National News Service of the bund.
Weider, Ernest, youth leader of the bund in South Brooklyn, N. Y.
Weiler, Karl, district leader of the bund in Nassau County, N. Y.
Weis, August, treasurer of the bund's Camp Siegfried.
Wheeler-Hill, James, district leader of the bund in New York.
Wieda, A., treasurer of the bund in South Brooklyn, N. Y.
Willmovski, Albert, leader of the bund in South Bend, Ind.
Willumeit, Otto, head of the bund in Chicago, 111.
Winterscheidt, Clara, leader of the women's section of the bund in New York.
Wolter, A. H., secretary of the bund in Pittsburgh, Pa.
Wuest, Karl, group leader of the storm troopers of the bund in New York.
Zimmer, Albert, leader of the bund in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Zimmerman, Hans, head of propaganda section of the bund in New York.
70 -UN-AMERICAN" PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
There were various subsidiary organizations directly affiliated, or
otherwise connected, with the German-American Bund. Among
them were —
GERMAN-AMERICAN BUSINESS LEAGUE
(Deutscher Konsum Verband)
The German-American Business League was a subsidiary of the
German-American Bund. Fritz Kulm was head of both organiza-
tions. (See p. 3709 of the committee's hearings.)
The committee has a complete membership list of the German-
American Business League for New York and New Jersey.
A. V. DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
The A. V. Development Corporation was also a subsidiary of the
German-American Bund. Fritz Kulm was president of the A. V.
Development Corporation. (See p. 3709 of the committee's hearings.)
A. V. PUBLISHING CORPORATION
The A. V. Publishing Corporation was a subsidiary of the German-
American Bund. Fritz Kuhn was president of the corporation.
(See p. 3709 of the committee's hearings.)
The A. V. Publishing Corporation published the bund's New York
newspaper, the Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter.
PROSPECTIVE CITIZENS' LEAGUE
The Prospective Citizens' League was an auxiliary of the German-
American Bund. (See p. 3755 of the committee's hearings.)
The ostensible purpose of the Prospective Citizens' League was to
provide a method whereby those who had not yet taken out their
final citizenship papers could nevertheless be actively associated with
the German-American Bund.
GERMAN-AMERICAN SETTLEMENT LEAGUE
The German-American Settlement League was the holding cor-
poration for the German-American Bund's camp at Yaphank, Long
Island. This camp was known as Camp Siegfried.
Fritz Kuhn was one of the directors of the German-American
Settlement League. (See p. 3758 of the committee's hearings.)
GERMAN-AMERICAN BUND AUXILIARY
The German-American Bund Auxiliary was the holding corporation
for the bund's camp in New Jersey, Camp Nordland. (See p. 3759
and ]). 8265 of the committee's hearings.)
August Klapprott, eastern leader of the bund, was president of the
German-American Bund Auxiliary.
UN- AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 71
FRIENDS OF NEW GERMANY
The Friends of New Germany (Bund der Freunde des Neuen
Deutschland) was the immediate forerunner of the German-American
Bund.
The Special Committee on Un-American Activities which was
headed by the Honorable John McCormack made a complete investi-
gation and exposure of the Friends of New Germany from its beginning
down to 1934. This committee took up the investigation where the
McCormack left off.
In March 1936 the Friends of New Germany became the German-
American Bund. The change from the one to the other was effected
at a convention held in Buffalo, N. Y.
NATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN LABOR PARTY
In 1932 and 1933, locals of the National Socialist German Labor
Party were organized in a number of American cities — New York,
Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Cincinnati.
In April 1933, Rudolf Hess, Deputy Fuehrer of the Nazi Party in
Germany, ordered the dissolution of these Nazi locals in the LTnited
States.
Many of those who had been prominent in the formation of these
Nazi locals in the United States met in Chicago in the summer of 1933
and formed the Friends of New Germany which in turn became the
German-American Bund.
After Rudolf Hess dissolved the Nazi locals in America in 1933, it
was believed by many that the Nazi Party, as such had disappeared
from American soil. This belief was held for a number of years until
1940 when this committee uncovered documentary evidence of the
existence of a well-organized and secret Nazi Party in the United
States.
In November 1940 the committee published extensive evidence of
the existence of this secret Nazi Party in America. (That evidence
may be found on pp. 1034-1044 and 1262-1287 of appendix, pt. II,
which is entitled "A Preliminary Digest and Report on the Un-
American Activities of Various Nazi Organizations * * *'', etc.)
The committee discovered that F. Draeger who was consul in New
York also bore the title of district leader (Kreisleiter) of the Foreign
Organization of the National Socialist German Labor Party (Nazi).
GERMAN BUND
The distinction between the German Bund and the German-
American Bund must be kept clearly in mind. The former was an
organization of German nationals working exclusively in Chicago and
vicinity. Inasmuch as the German Bund was composed exclusively
of German nationals, there is no question about the organization's
undivided loyalty to Hitler.
THE COMMITTEE'S INVESTIGATION
On the very first day of its public hearings in August 1938, this com-
mittee heard a witness who had been a member of the German Bund.
On October 20, 1939, the same witness appeared once more before the
committee to testify concerning the nature and activities of the Ger-
man Bund. Also on October 20, 1939, the committee took the testi-
mony of Fritz Heberling who had been the leader of the German Bund.
FRITZ HEBERLING
Fritz Heberling, leader of the German Bund, was born in Stras-
bourg (then a part of Germany), on May 29, 1903. He took up resi-
dence in the United States in 1930. At the time of his appearance
before this committee, he was employed as a clerk in the German con-
sulate in Chicago.
HISTORY OF THE GERMAN BUND
According to both of the witnesses who testified before the commit-
tee on the affairs of the German Bund, the organization was composed
originally of those German nationals who withdrew of the Friends
New Germany on orders from Rudolph Hess sometime in 1935. The
membership of the German Bund appears to have been in the neighbor-
hood of 300, made up chiefly of skilled workmen of German nationality
who were residing in Chicago and vicinity.
The German Bund was dissolved in 1937 by order of the German
consul in Chicago. According to Heberling, the consul deemed it
inadvisable for the organization to continue in view of unfavorable
publicity which it had received as a result of its appearance in public
in the uniforms of storm troopers.
Immediately after the dissolution of the German Bund, however, a
new organization composed of the same individuals was set up. This
new organization was known as the German Citizens' League. Heb-
erling translated the name of the new organization as the Alliance of
German Nationals. Heberling was fuehrer or leader of the new
organization as well as of the old German Bund.
PURPOSES OF THE GERMAN BUND
According to testimony received by the committee, the German
Bund numbered among its purposes the planting of informers within
other German and German-American organizations in Chicago and
72
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 73
vicinity. In this manner the organization was able to report activities
and trends among German nationals and Americans of German
descent generally to the Nazis in Germany.
The German Bund also held joint affairs and meetings with other
German organizations, including the German-Ameriean Bund.
GERMAN CITIZENS' LEAGUE
The German Citizens' League became the successor of the German
Bund when the latter organization was dissolved in 1937.
On October 20, 1939, this committee heard the testimony of Fritz
Heberling who was at that time the fuehrer or leader of the German
Citizens' League.
Other officers of the German Citizens' League were Hugo Bamberg,
treasurer, and Hendley Schickenger, secretary.
Inasmuch as the German Citizens' League was composed exclusively
of German nationals, there is no question concerning the organization's
absolute loyalty to nazi-ism.
KYFFHAUSERBUND
Since 1938 this committee has had under investigation an organiza-
tion known as the Kyffhauserbund (League of German War Veterans).
The Kyffhauserbund was organized under that name in August 1937,
and incorporated in the State of Pennsylvania with headquarters in
Philadelphia. It had posts in the following cities:
New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa.
Berlin, N. J. Manhattan, N. Y.
Boston, Mass. Scharnhorst, Chicago, 111.
Erie, Pa. Detroit, Mich.
Rochester, N. Y. Houston, Tex.
Hartford, Conn.
NATIONAL OFFICERS OF THE KYFFHAUSERBUND
Karl Schumacher, national commander.
Emil Bruackner, national vice-commander.
Walter Kaeusler, national adjutant.
Karl Schultes, national treasurer.
THE COMMITTEE'S INVESTIGATION
In 1940 committee investigators made a thorough investigation
into the activities of this organization in the State of Texas. All
officers of the Kyffhauserbund in the State were subpenaed before
the committee and gave testimony in executive session. The com-
mittee also subpenaed the records of the organization for that State
and from an examination of the records and review of the testimony
of the organization's various officers, it is apparent that the KyfThauser •
bund was another example of a legitimate organization being prosti-
tuted by the Nazi cause of Hitler.
HISTORY OF THE KYFFHAUSERBUND
Prior to the formation of the Kyffhauserbund in 1937, there were
in operation in the United States several German organizations made
up of German World War veterans. Most notable of these were the
Stahlhelm (steel helmet) and the Kriegerbund, both of which had their
headquarters in Germany. The Stahlhelm was founded November
13, 1918, by Franz Seldte, a factory owner in Magdeburg, Germany,
who remained the head of the Stahlhelm until its absorption by the
Nazi Party in the early summer of 1933. The purpose of the Stahl-
helm was both social and political. Its political activities aimed at
fighting against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Branches'of
the Stahlhelm were set up in this country and were later merged into
the Kyffhauserbund. Following the formation of the latter organiza-
tion in 1937, the committee has evidence that units of the Krieger-
bund have also affiliated with the Kyffhauserbund.
74
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 75
It is now quite clear that what Nazi Germany did was to consolidate
till German veterans' organizations into the Kyffhauserbund, and thus
made use of it as an arm of the Nazi espionage and propaganda
machine in North America.
AIMS OF THE ORGANIZATION
The committee has in its possession an original membership book
of the Kyffhauserbund, dated February 1, 1939. The title of page 4
of this book, which is printed in German, will furnish an insight into
the true nature of the organization. It reads as follows:
Recommendation of Organization Leader as to Members ability of being trusted
with confidential work.
The aims and purposes of the Kyffhauserbund in North America
arc set forth on page 10 of the membership book as follows:
Aims and Purposes of the Kyffhauserbund in North America
Promote fellowship. Induce our members to become Good American- Citi-
zens, and hold in honor our German name.
Promote and practice German Language and Culture. Work for a better
understanding and good will between our homeland and the United States.
Promote Good fellowship, and work for the social welfare of our members and
their families.
Promote rifle and pistol practice.
KYFFHAUSERBUND IN TEXAS
In an effort to determine whether or not the members of this
organization were pro-Nazi and working in the interest of Hitler,
the committee ordered a detailed investigation of the Houston, Tex.,
post and all of its members. This investigation showed that the
fuehrer of the Houston post was one Herman Koetter of 537 Hofman
Street, Houston, Tex., a German citizen who had resided in this
country 17 years without becoming a citizen, and when questioned
under oath by the committee's chairman he stated that he had never
made up his mind as to whether or not he wanted to become an
American citizen. The committee learned that Koetter had met
and conferred with the captain and crew of a number of German
ships when they docked in the port of Houston. Koetter is now
interned in an alien concentration camp in Texas.
Another member of the Houston post of the Kyffhauserbund was
Hans Ackermann, of Taylor, Tex., publisher of the pro-Nazi German
language newspaper, the Texas Herold, which was exposed by this
committee in 1940. A subcommittee of this committee spent 3 weeks
in Austin, Tex., studying the records and files of Hans Ackermann and
his newspaper, the Texas Herold. Also a number of witnesses, in-
cluding Hans Ackermann and his wife, Frieda, were called to testify
concerning their activities. This hearing and investigation by the
subcommittee revealed that Hans Ackermann and his wife, Frieda,
were given a free trip to Germa?iy in 1939 at the expense of the Nazi
government. They admitted under oath that they had met and
conferred with Rudolph Hess at the Brown House in Munich and that
during their stay in Germany they had sent back pro-Nazi articles and
editorials concerning their visit which were printed in the Texas
Herold. While they were in Germany, war broke out and it was
76 UN-AMERICAN" PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
necessary for them to go to Italy and return to the United States on
the Italian steamship Rex. An examination of the issue of the Texas
Herold clearly showed that it was simply a propaganda sheet for Nazi
Germany, being used in an effort to influence the German population
which is concentrated in and about Taylor, Tex. The personal files
of Hans Ackermann contained numerous letters and communications
from Wendler, former German Consul General in New Orleans, and
his successor, the notorious Baron Von Spiegel. Both Wendler and
Von Spiegel had made trips from New Orleans to Taylor, Tex., some
700 miles to confer with Ackermann from time to time. From the
evidence before the subcommittee is was clear that Ackermann was
pro-Nazi and working in the interest of Hitler's Germany. On
September 28, 1942, Hans Ackermann went on trial in Austin, Tex.,
before Federal Judge W. A. Keeling, where the Federal Government
seeks to revoke his United States citizenship. The Government
charges Ackermann with remaining loyal to Germany and with
"doing all in his power to aid the German Reich in its caus.es."
While there were only 25 members of the Kyffhauserbund in Texas,
the books and records of the organization show that it was a very active
group constantly engaged in collecting money for German winter
relief and other campaigns in behalf of Germany. It was brought out
in the testimony of Herman Nester, secretary and treasurer of the
Houston Post of the Kyffhauserbund, that on a number of occasions
the Kyffhauserbund entertained the captain and crew of German boats
which docked at Houston, Tex., and at these affairs a Nazi swastika
was displayed and the meeting was opened by singing the Horst
Wessel. Nester further admitted that on some occasions literature
was given them by the captain of the boat. The committee also
learned that several times Wendler, Consul General at New Orleans,
had come to Houston, some 500 miles distance, to meet with the
Kyffhauserbund. In order to determine the true nature of the
organization, there is quoted here the testimony of Herman Nester,
secretary and treasurer of the bund, which appears on pages 1102-1104
of the committee's hearings in executive session:
Mr. Stripling. At any meetings of the Kyffhauserbund, social or otherwise
was the swastika ever displayed?
Mr. Nester. Yes.
Mr. Stripling. Is it always displayed?
Mr. Nester. No, sir.
Mr. Stripling. When was it displayed?
Mr. Nester. It was displayed twice.
Mr. Stripling. Whenever German ships came in?
Mr. Nester. Yes.
Mr. Stripling. At any other times?
Mr. Nester., There may have been other times. I believe it was when this
Nazi movement came about in Germany; it may have been displayed a few times,
but later on we didn't do it any more.
Mr. Stripling. Have you ever sung the Horst Wessel?
Mr. Nester. Yes; we have.
Mr. Stripling. You sing it at every meeting?
Mr. X ester. No. We sang it possibly when some of the boys from the boat
was here.
Mr. Stripling. You said you received from the German ships Literature and
pamphlets?
Mr. Nester. Yes.
*******
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 77
Mr. Stripling. How about Dr. Wendler?
Mr. Nestbr. Dr. Wendler, I know him personally, and I think he was once or
twice at one of our meetings.
*******
The Chairman. Didn't you feel from your long contact with the organization
that it was very much pro-Nazi; that is, the national organization ; didn't it have
that appearance to you?
Mr. Nester. I believe they was to a certain extent. I wouldn't say exactly
pro-Nazi; they are for the new Germany more or less.
The Chairman. When you say pro-new Germany, you mean pro-Nazi Ger-
many?
Mr. Nester. About the same; yes.
* * * * * ' * *
Mr. Stripling. Do you know Hans Ackermann?
Mr. Nester. Yes; I do.
Mr. Stripling. Did you ever read his paper, the Texas Herold?
Mr. Nester. I do.
Mr. Stripling. You subscribe to it?
Mr. Nester. Yes.
Mr. Stripling. Do you think his paper is pro-Hitler?
Mr. Nester. I think it is. I think he is trying to bring out the other side, the
German side of the picture.
The Chairman. Do you see the possibility of an organization such as yours
being used for espionage purposes, even though many of its members would' have
no such intention or no such purpose. In other words, to make myself clear, there
will be an organization that is modeled very much along the lines of a legal and
legitimate organization, and assuming that a great many of the members were only
actuated by a perfectly legal and legitimate design to belong to it can you not see
the danger that an agent of the foreign government could utilize that organization,
or attend meetings of the organization for the purpose of gathering important
information to transmit to his government?
Mr. Nester. / would think there could be such a possibility, without a majority
of the members knowing it.
From the foregoing testimony, it can be seen that this organization
was in such close contact with the agents of Hitler that it could very
easily have been one of the espionage units of the German Government.
Listed below are the 10 most active members of the Houston post of
the Kyffhauserbund:
Herman Koetter, 537 Hofman Street.
John Ritzen, 207 Henley.
Herman Nester, 14 Hvde Park.
Henry Becker, 1903 South Shepherd.
George Von Der Goltz, Route 7, Box 747.
Ernst Haardt, Post Office Box 1164.
Fr. P. Friedrich, T. 5, Box 538.
Richard Knorr, Needville, Texas.
Hans Ackermann, Box 191, Taylor, Texas.
Helmuth Von Bose, Box 245, Rosenberg, Texas.
The most recent campaign of the Kyffhauserbund was the collec-
tion of money to be sent to Germany for the ostensible purpose of
providing relief for German soldiers. In order to do this it was
necessary that they register with the State Department, which they
did on November 27, 1939. This committee's investigators made a
check of all of their financial transactions and it was determined that
they collected $140,567.43, of which amount they have distributed
$103,024.06 for relief to German soldiers in Germany and interned
German prisoners of war in the British Empire. The majority of
these funds, however, were sent to Germany. Beside the $140,567.43
collected they also collected $26,004.23 in kind, which was distributed
in a similar manner. On February 1, 1942, the State Department
78 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
canceled their registration and they have not been officially per-
mitted to continue in furnishing Nazi Germany with money. At the
present time there is an unexpended balance of $17,000 in their
account.
As an indication of the sympathetic response given this undertaking
of the Kyffhauserbund, the committee found, when it subpenaed the
records of the Chicago "Fuehrer" of the Kyffhauserbund, one Nicholas
Mueller, that he had in his possession a list of 2,834 individuals residing
in Chicago, who had contributed money to the Kyffhauserbund's
campaign in behalf of German soldiers. The list of these people is
on file with the committee.
GERMAN-AMERICAN NATIONAL ALLIANCE
The committee, in conducting its investigation of the German-
American National Alliance (Einheitsfront — translation: United
Front), took testimony in executive session from the following
officers of the organization: William H. Silge, head of the organization
committee; Homer H. Maertz, one of the original directors of the
Alliance and its first secretary; Otto Albert Willumeit, leader of the
German-American Bund in Chicago; and Ernst A. Ten Eicken, also
one of the original directors of the organization.
On November 18, 1940, the committee subpenaed all of the files and
records of the German-American National Alliance from their head-
quarters in Chicago. These records were all in German and included
the membership files, the list of delegates, minutes, financial records,
and correspondence of the organization. They have all been trans-
lated and from an examination of these records and a review of the
testimony of the officials of the organization the following facts have
been determined:
The first regular meeting of the German-American National
Alliance, Inc., also known as the Einheitsfront was held at 1301
Cornelia Avenue, Chicago, 111., on October 30, 1938. The following
persons were elected as directors of the organization:
Homer H. Maertz.
Ernst A. Ten Eicken.
George Joesten.
Paul Warnholtz.
Otto Schwarck.
The directors then proceeded to adopt the bylaws [and constitution
which appear in this section as exhibit 1. Following this action, the
officers named below were elected:
President Ernst A. Ten Eicken.
Vice president Otto Schwarck.
Treasurer George Joesten.
Secretary Homer H. Maertz.
The main strength of the organization was in and about Chicago,
reaching into Indiana and Wisconsin. In 1940, there were 524
delegates to the alliance representing 17 States. A tabulation of the
number of delegates from each State is included in this section as
exhibit 2. The membership of the alliance was about 18,000.
The official publication of the organization was the "News Letter,"
with a circulation of approximately 52,000.
The principal source of its income was from contributions, member-
ship fees, and the sale of radio advertisements.
On October 23, 1939, the leaders of the German- American National
Alliance set up an association known as the "National Federation of
American Citizens of German Descent," and Ten Eicken, one of the
directors of the alliance, reported to the delegates of the alliance that
there "were now several thousand more than 2,000,000 persons behind
279S95— 43 — Appendix 7 6 79
g(3 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
us." Paul Warnholtz, one of the directors of the alliance, was presi-
dent of the National Federation of American Citizens of German
Descent.
The "Objectives and Aims" of the alliance are set forth in its
constitution as follows:
1. To promote respect for the Constitution and to defend it, the laws, and the
general welfare of the United States of America:
2. To oppose the formation by the United States of America of entangling
alliances with foreign nations.
3. To assure to United States citizens of Germanic blood the enjoyment of
the rights and liberties guaranteed to citizens by the Constitution.
In determining the true aims and purposes of the German-American
National Alliance, the committee feels that at the outset of this
report it is pertinent to consider the background and views of one of
the original directors and first secretary of the alliance, Homer H.
Maerz (Maertz).
This committee has had Homer Maerz before it as a witness on
two occasions. He was first heard in executive session in Chicago,
111., on October 2, 1939. He was later heard in Washington, D. C.,
on January 19, 1942, also in executive session. It might be stated
at this point that Maerz and his activities during the intervening time
between his first and last appearance were under surveillance by the
committee.
From Maerz's own testimony, it can be stated that he is pro-Nazi,
and anti-Semitic and has engaged in various forms of un-Americanism.
His full name is Herman Homer Gustus Maerz, and his address as
last given was 1160 North Dearborn, Chicago, 111. On December
29, 1939, he was sentenced to serve a term of one to ten years in the
Illinois State Penitentiary for malicious mischief growing out of his
anti-Semitic activities.
Homer Maerz was the founder and head of the Dearborn Crusaders,
a letterhead organization which engaged in anti-Semitic activity.
Maerz has been responsible for the distribution of hundreds of thous-
ands of stickers, leaflets, and booklets defaming the Jewish people.
According to his own testimony, he has been in contact with and co-
operated with most of the active fascists in the United States, such
as William Dudley Pelley and George Deatherage. Maerz is quite
frank about his rabid hatred for the Jews and he is equally frank
concerning his pro-Nazi sympathies and admiration for Hitler and
Mussolini. He also admitted that he approved of the German-Amer-
ican Bund, that he had spoken at their meetings, and attended them
regularly. He' also admitted frequent visits to the German and
Italian consulates in Chicago.
To substantiate the above statements, the committee quotes below
excerpts from the testimony of Homer Maerz, taken in Chicago, 111.,
on October 2, 1939:
(Executive Hearings, vol. 4, p. 1660)
The Chairman. Are you sympathetic with nazi-ism?
Mr. MaBHZ. Well, in what respect?
The Chairman. I mean, do you admire Hitler and his achievements?
Mr. Maerz. Yes; I think he is doing a fine job in Germany.
The Chairman. You approve of his attitude toward the German people?
Mr. Maerz. Yes, sir.
The Chairman. What is it that you arc seeking to do in (he United States?
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 81
Mr. Maerz. What I am interested in in the United States is to place Christians
at the head of our Government, our business, our education, our churches, our
general economic structure.
The Chairman. Put them in complete control?
Mr. Maerz. Yes, sir.
(Executive Hearings, vol. 4, p. 1661)
The Chairman. Do you attend bund meetings?
Mr. Maerz. Yes. sir; I have been there.
The Chairman. Many times?
Mr. Maerz. Yes.
The Chairman. Do you speak at bund meetings?
Mr. Maerz. Yes; I have.
The Chairman. Do you approve of the bund?
Mr. Maerz. Yes; I approve of the bund, although I will admit that they made
several mistakes.
(Executive Hearings, vol. 4, pp. 1663-1664)
The Chairman. Do you ever talk to the German consulate here? Do you know
any of the German consulate?
Mr. Maerz. Yes; I do.
The Chairman. A pretty good friend of theirs?
Mr. Maerz. I know them well; yes.
The Chairman. You meet with them and you all talk about this subject?
Mr. Maerz. No, sir.
The Chairman. You never talked to them about your movement?
Mr. Maerz. In what respect?
The Chairman. What do you talk about when you meet with them?
Mr. Maerz. Well, various and sundry subjects. Usually I have had occasion
to go up there.
The Chairman. You talk about Jews, don't you?
Mr. Maerz. I don't like the Jews; that is true.
The Chairman. I say, you and the counsel talk about the Jews, don't you?
Mr. Maerz. I wouldn't say.
The Chairman. How is that?
Mr. Maerz. I wouldn't say that.
The Chairman. What is it you talk about. Don't you talk about your move-
ment, the crusade movement?
Mr. Maerz. Well, more or less. I talk about the lack of understanding that
■exists in this country today.
The Chairman. Toward Germany?
Mr. Maerz. That's right, toward Germany.
(Executive Hearings, vol. 4, pp. 1664-1665)
Mr. Maerz. Well, I like to read books, magazines, newspapers.
The Chairman. What is the name of the consul that you talk to?
Mr. Maerz. The consul general in Chicago is Dr. Vaer.
The Chairman. And you have talked to him, haven't you?
Mr. Maerz. Yes, sir.
The Chairman. How many times have you talked to him?
Mr. Maerz. I haven't seen him for quite some time.
The Chairman. When was the last time you saw him?
Mr. Maerz. Oh, it must be — Oh, gosh, it mutt be 2 or 3 months ago that I seen
"him the last time.
The Chairman. Did you ever talk to the Italian consulate?
Mr. Maerz. Yes; I have.
The Chairman. You talked to them about the same thing?
Mr. Maerz. No; I talked to them about the vicious propaganda that appeared
in such publications as Ken. That is quite some time ago, however.
The Chairman. So that there is a sympathetic feeling between the consul, the
Italian consul, the German consul and the bund and your groups, a sympathetic
feeling between them all?
Mr. Maerz. Well, it all depends on what way one terms that.
The Chairman. You sympathize with Italy and Germany don't you?
Mr. Maerz. Yes. I think they are doing fine jobs.
82 UN-AMERICAN" PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
(Executive hearings, vol. 4, pp. 1669-1670)
The Chairman. What about Deatherage; are you very friendly with Death-
erage?
Mr. Maerz. Deatherage is doing a fine job.
The Chairman. Pelley is doing a fine job?
Mr. Maerz. Excellent.
The Chairman. Coughlin is doing a fine job?
Mr. Maerz. Yes.
The Chairman. Hitler is doing a fine job?
Mr. Maerz. Yes; in Germany.
The Chairman. Mussolini is doing a fine job?
Mr. Maerz. In Italy; yes.
Since Maerz was one of the founders of the German-American
National Alliance, it is inconceivable that a man with his past record
and views could found an organization which purported to "promote
respect for the Constitution and to defend it, the laws, and the general
welfare of the United States of America," as set forth in the objects of
the alliance's constitution and which Maerz was instrumental in
drawing up. It should be stated as this point, however, that on
February 11, 1939, Maerz was removed as a director and secretary of
the German-American National Alliance by action of the directors on
the grounds that too many inquiries had been made concerning
Maerz's background and past history.
From an examination of the confidential minutes of the alliance, it
is apparent that the primary objective of the organization was to
prevent America's participation in the war, which of course was
exactly the line that Nazi Germany was attempting to put across
in the United States of America during the period of 1939-41. The
secondary objective was to promote and preserve what the organization
referred to as "Germanism," and to combat anti-German propaganda
in this country. It will be shown further in the report that the alliance
enthusiastically supported the work of various antiwar and isolationist
groups, such as the America First and Keep America Out of War
Committee.
The purpose of the alliance was to unite the entire German-American
segment of our population into- a political bloc and pressure group
which would exert itself politically in domestic politics to the best
interest of Nazi German}'. It was composed entirely of people of
German descent who naturally would entertain some sympathy one
way or another with their German homeland. The fact that the
alliance was not very successful in its endeavor is largely due to the
consistent barrage of publicity and exposure which was leveled against
it by this committee and the press in Chicago.
In detailing the efforts of the alliance in its neutrality and antiwar
campaign, the minutes of the board of directors meetings will be
referred to extensively. As an illustration of the manner in which the
alliance was serving Germany, the committee includes as exhibit 3
a, letter from the president of the alliance to Senator Logan of Ken-
tucky under date of March 6, 1939, and quotes also from a letter of
Paul A. Warnholtz of September 1939:
Permit us to state that we are aiming to pledge all of our members and members
of all organizations which are or may become affiliated with us, to assist in pre-
venting by lawful means any person from ever again holding a public office, who
voles For the enactment of Legislation or termination of existing laws, as a result
whereof the sale of arms, munitions and implements of war would be permitted
in the matter of the present European conflict.
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 83
To emphasize the close adherence of the alliance to this antiwar and
neutrality line which was at that time most favorable to Germany,
the committee quotes from the minutes of the board of directors
meeting- held on August 29, 1939:
Mr. Ten Eicken reported that we will have Captain Grace as speaker bul that
another letter must still be written. The subject is "Keep U. S. A. out of War."
The complete minutes of this meeting are included in this section as
exhibit 4.
From the minutes of the board of directors meeting of September
5, 1939, the following is quoted:
Twenty-five dollars was authorized to purchase auto stickers, "Keep U. S. A.
Out of War."
The entire minutes of this meeting are included in this section as
exhibit 5.
From the minutes of the board of directors meeting of October 30,
1939, the following is quoted:
Mr. Warnholtz stated that we must still take a final step in the question of the
embargo. He proposed that we send a telegram to every Congressman, which
however would cost more than $200. There was a long debate over the text; it
was considered to be very sharp, but Mr. Warnholtz gave the assurance that even
though it was sharp no one could find fault with it. The motion to send the tele-
gram was made and accepted. The telegram was immediately dispatched and
cost $231.23.
The entire minutes of this meeting are included in this section as
exhibit 6.
From the minutes of the delegates' meeting of November 29, 1939,
held in Lincoln Turnerhalle, the following is quoted:
The next task is "to keep America out of war", and that we take our part in
the coming election.
The entire minutes of this meeting are included in this section as
exhibit 7.
From the minutes of the board of directors meeting of July 3, 1940,
the following is quoted:
Mr. Schwarck pointed out that it was important that we widely advertise the
anti-war meeting which will be held at Soldier's Field on August 4. It is essential
that the meeting be broadcast. Reference thereto should also be made in the
News Letter.
The entire minutes of this meeting are included in this section as
exhibit 8.
From the minutes of the board of directors meeting of July 23,
1940, the following is quoted:
Mr. Johnk was commissioned to broadcast the great anti-war meeting at
Soldier's Field on August 4.
The entire minutes of this meeting are included in this section as
exhibit 9.
From the minutes of the board of directors meeting of September
4, 1940, the following is quoted:
We are only against war and we are fighting to keep this country out of it.
The entire minutes of this meeting are included in this section as
exhibit 10.
84 UN-AMERICAN" PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
From the minutes of the board of directors meeting of September
25, 1940, the following is ciuoted:
The America First Society plans to hold a mass meeting and we should remain
in close contact with it. Mr. Schwarck stated that he always attended these
meetings.
A long debate ensued concerning the relative merits of Roosevelt and Willkie.
It is very difficult for Germans to vote for either, but perhaps one is obliged to
decide that we must oppose a third term and that Willkie is perhaps the lesser
evil.
The entire minutes of this meeting are included in this section as
exhibit 11.
From the minutes of the board of directors meeting of September
30, 1940, the following is quoted:
The presidential election will be the most difficult, but we have adopted a
resolution committing ourselves to vote against any candidate who advises lifting
the embargo.
The entire minutes of this meeting are included in this section as
exhibit 12.
From the minutes of the board of directors meeting of November 7,
1940, the following is quoted:
Mr. Schwarck pointed out that it is absolutely necessary to assist the American
First Committee, since this Committee does not appear to be able to get under
way properly.
The present aim of our Organization "to keep America out of war" is very im-
portant and then we will work to strengthen ourselves for the next election.
The entire minutes of this meeting are included in this section as
exhibit 13.
While the constitution of the German-American National Alliance
does not list the promotion of Germanism as one of its objectives,
it is apparent from a study of the organization's records that it was
in fact one of the main purposes and functions of the Alliance. To
substantiate this point, the committee refers to the minutes of the
board of directors meeting of August 14, 1939, in which the following
is recorded:
The battle against anti-German films must be intensified since these films are
directed against Germanism in the United States.
Various organizations have joined the Alliance.
A letter from Montgomery Ward was read in which it was stated that they
have not boycotted German goods but on the contrary are constantly importing
goods from Germany.
It can be seen from the foregoing reference to the letter from Mont-
gomery Ward that the alliance had concerned itself with the boycott
of goods from Germany which could hardly be considered an American
activity —
* * * promoting the general welfare of the United States of America — ■
as stated in the objectives of the constitution of the alliance. The
entire minutes of this meeting are included in this section as exhibit 14.
The committee also refers to the minutes of the delegates' meeting
on October 23, 1939, at the Lincoln Turnerhalle, where the following
is found:
A delegate then submitted a report concerning the Germans of the Volga who
were not yet convinced that it was necessary to asscoiate themselves with Ger-
manism. Dr. Silge agreed to establish contact with these organizations.
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 85
There was a long discussion on how difficult it was for many members to pay
the $1.00 membership dues, hut in most cases it is not a question of funds hut one
of recognition of one's Obligation to Germanism.
The entire minutes of this meeting are included in this section as
exhibit No. 15.
The committee also refers to the minutes of the board of directors'
meeting on May 7, 1940, where the following is recorded:
More German should be spoken at the meetings.
The entire minutes of the meeting arc included in this section as
exhibit KL
The committee attaches importance to the remarks of Paul Warn-
holtz, one of the directors of the alliance, as recorded in the minutes
of the n>ecting of directors With individual sections hehraUthe German
Club, August 26, 1940, in which the following is recorded:
Mr. Warn holtz stated that he did not favor an investigation by the Dies Com-
mittee, that the whole thing is a newspaper campaign which we can only oppose
with great difficulty. There are many telephone calls against which we are power-
less and all we can do is hang on. The newspapers themselves do not consider us
un-American. They only write continually that we are pro-Nazi, which is a some-
what vaguer term. This is not even a reflection upon us since _quite naturally our
sympathies are with the old country. We are now trying to arrange connections with
the Bund.
While the committee has no evidence of open cooperation between the
German- American Bund and the alliance, the-foregoingTstatemCht of
Warnholtz is significant in view of the fact that two of the original
brains behind the idea and organization of the alliance were Otto
Willumeit, Chicago "fuehrer" of the bund, and Homer Maerz, a
supporter of the bund.
Exhibit 1
(Adopted at the first meeting of the Board of Directors October 30, 1938)
CONSTITUTION OF GERMAN-AMERICAN NATIONAL ALLIANCE
Constitution
The objects of the corporation are:
1. To promote respect for the Constitution and to defend it, the laws, and the
general welfare of the United States of America;
2. To oppose the formation by the United States of America of entangling
alliances with foreign nations.
3. To assure to United States citizens of Germanic blood the enjoyment of
the rights and liberties guaranteed to Citizens by the Constitution.
By-Laws
article i. name and location
a. The name of the corporation is: German-American National Alliance
b. Its principal place of business shall be located in the City of Chicago,
State of Illinois.
article ii. members
a. Membership shall be of two classes, namely:
1. Voting (of active) members.
2. Non-voting (or sustaining) members.
b. Voting members shall — except as hereinafter provided for — consist only of
organizations whose right to vote shall be vested in delegates appointed by such
organizations; a delegate must be a citizen of the United States of America and
of Germanic blood.
86 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
c. Organizations shall vote and participate through delegates in the affairs of
the corporation; organizations shall be entitled to participate by one delegate for
each 100 members of such organizations; an organization having less than ten
members shall not be entitled to participate by a delegate nor shall an organiza-
tion having more than 100 members be entitled to an additional delegate for the
first ten members in excess Of a completed number of 100 members.
d. The officers and members of the board of directors in office and also the
charter members of the corporation shall be entitled to all the rights of delegates.
e. Sustaining members may form groups, and as such are entitled to representa-
tion by delegates in like manner as pertains to voting members and with like rights
and subject to like restrictions.
f. All pxospective members must declare themselves in sympathy with the
objects of the German-American National Alliance, as stated in the constitu-
tion thereof, and with any then existing amendments thereto, before they may be
accepted as members.
g. The delegates, officers, members of the board of directors and charter mem-
bers of the German-American National Alliance, constitute the only members
having voting rights in the affairs of the German-American National Alliance.
h. All officers and members of the board of directors must be citizens of the
United States of America and of Germanic blood.
i. No person is qualified to be or remain an officer or member of the board of
directors of the German-American National Alliance while he holds or is
a candidate for a political public office which is subject to election.
ARTICLE III. BOARD OF DIRECTORS
a. The board of directors shall consist of five members who must be citizens of
the United States of America and of Germanic blood. (Since Election in July
1939 the board of directors consists of nine).
They shall be elected by voting members at the regular membership meetings,
or as otherwise provided for herein under the powers given to the board of directors.
b. Three members of the board of directors present at any meeting thereof shall
constitute a quorum. (Now it is 5).
c. Any resolution to be passed by the board of directors shall require the affirm-
ative vote of at least three directors.
d. Board of directors meetings shall be held on the first Thursday of every
month.
e. Special meetings of the board of directors may be called at any time by the
chairman of the board of directors or by any three members of the board of
directors.
f. Notice of special meetings of the board of directors must be given by regis-
tered mail to each director to his last known address at least five days before
such meeting is held. Waiver of notice must be in writing to be binding upon
any director.
g. A member of the board of directors cannot be removed as such except for a
cause which would constitute willful and malicious abuse of his rights and duties
as a director, and then only upon resolution properly passed by the board of
directors at a special meeting called tor such purpose.
h. Vacancies on the board of directors shall be filled by the remaining members
of the board of directors at a meeting thereof called for sucti purpose, and appoint-
ments by them made to fill a vacancy must be ratified by a resolution by the
board of directors before becoming effective.
i. The board of directors shall elect its own chairman, who shall preside at
its meetings.
j. The board of directors shall elect its own secietary, who shall keep minutes
of the board of directors meetings and keep the same in a separate book for that
purpose.
k. The board of directors shall elect the officers of the corporation who shall
consist of a president, vice president, secretary and a treasurer, who mi st be
citizens of the United&States of America and of Germanic blood, but need not
he members of the board of directors nor delegate members. Only the offices of
secretary and treasurer may be held by the same person at the same time.
1. The officers of the corporation shall hold office for an indefinite term, and
the board of directors by resolution may at any time terminate as of any date
whatsoever the term of office of any officer.
► m. Members of commit tees shall be appointed by the president, which ap-
pointment- shall be subject to ratification by the board of directors.
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 87
n. The duties of committees shall be designated by the president, wnich shall
be subject to ratification by the board of directors.
o. The board of directors may by resolution duly passed by it at any time call
a special meeting of all voting members of the corporation to elect a new board
of directors. Such special meeting shall be subject to fourteen days prior notice
to be given to all delegate members or to the organizations represented by them.
p. The board of directors shall have the sole right to call special meetings of the
voting members of the corporation, which right shall only be exercised by resolu-
tion by it duly passed.
q. Officers and members of the board of directors shall not receive any com-
pensation as such for services they may render for or on behalf of the corporation,
ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS
a. The officers of the corporation shall be a president, vice president, treasurer,
and secretary, who shall be elected by the board of directors. The board of
directors, by resolution, may create the offices of one or more assistant treasurers
and assistant secretaries and of additional vice presidents, all of whom shall be
elected by the board of directors. The term of office of any officer shall be of
indefinite duration, and may be terminated at any time as of any date by the board
of directors.
b. ' The President. The President shall be the principal executive officer of the
corporation, and shall in general supervise and control all of the business and
affairs of the corporation — subject, however, to the direction and supervision by
the board of directors. He shall preside at all meetings of voting members. He
may sign with the secretary of the treasurer of the corporation any deeds, mort-
gages, bonds, contracts or other instruments which the board of directors have
authorized to be executed, except in cases where the signing and execution thereof
snail be expressly delegated by the board of directors or by these by-laws to some
other officer or agent of the corporation, or shall be required by law to be other-
wise signed or executed; and in general perform all duties incident to the office of
president and such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors from
time to time.
c. The Vice-Presidents. In the absence of the president or in the event of his
inability or refusal to act, the vice-president (or in the event there be more than
one vice-president, the vice presidents in the order of their election) shall perforin
the duties of the president, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be
subject to all the restrictions upon the president. Any vice-president may sign,
with the secretary, and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be
assigned to him by the president or by the board of directors.
d. The Treasurer. If required by the board of directors, the treasurer shall
give a bond tor the faithful discharge of his duties in such sum and with such
surety or sureties as the board of directors shall determine. He shall (a) have
charge and custody of and be responsible for all funds and securities of the cor-
poration; receive — and give receipts for — moneys due and payable to the corpora-
tion from any source whatsoever, and deposit all such moneys in the name of the
corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositaries as shall be
selected by the board of directors; (b) in general perform all the duties incident to
the office of treasurer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned
to him by the president or by the board of directors.
e. The Secretary. The secretary shall be the custodian of the corporate records
and of the seal of the corporation and of alb the books, records and files of the
corporation. It shall be his duty to maintain full and complete lists of the
names and addresses of all members of the corporation and of necessary data
relating thereto. It shall be his duty to — by himself or assistant or assistants —
keep minutes of all meetings, properly held, of delegates, and of all other meetings
held by authority given by the board of directors, except of meetings of the board
of directors; he shall in general perform all duties incident to the office of secretary
and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the president
or by the board of directors.
f. 'The instructions given by the board of directors to any officer shall supersede
the rights and authority of such officers and shall immediately be complied with
by such officer.
ARTICLE V. MEETINGS
Regular membership meetings shall be held on the last Friday of the month of
October, commencing with year 1942 and every four years thereafter. The
presence of ten persons entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum at any regular
membership meeting or special meeting thereof.
UN-AMERICAN" PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
ARTICLE VI. AMENDMENTS
a. The by-laws of the German-American National Alliance may be modified,
altered or amended at any special meeting of the board of directors or of members,
called for such purpose by the board of directors, or at any regular membership
meeting.
b. The constitution of the German-American National Alliance can only be
modified, altered or amended at regular membership meetings, or at special
membership meeting called for such purpose by the board of directors.
FEBRUARY 11, 1939. SUBSEQUENT AMENDMENTS MADE
1. Article II paragraph (g) has been changed to read as follows:
"The delegates, officers, members of the board of directors and charter members
of the German-American National Alliance shall constitute the only members
having voting rights in the affairs of the German-American National Alliance;
but any charter member who has ceased to be a director shall thereby also lose
his voting right, unless his ceasing to be a director is the result of failure to be
re-elected."
2. Article III, paragraph (g) has been changed to read as follows:
"A member of the board of directors cannot be removed as such except for a
cause which would constitute willful and malicious abuse of his rights and duties
as a director, or by' reason of such conduct, acts, or failure to act, as in the opinion
of the board of directors is injurious to the welfare of the corporation. Such
removal, is subject to resolution properly passed by the board of directors at a
special meeting called for such purpose.,
"At a duly called special meeting of the members of the board of directors of
the German-American National Alliance held on Monday, May 1939, at 8:00
o'clock p. m. pursuant to the rules -of said corporation the following resolution
was adopted, in accordance with the by-laws of said corporation:
" 'The present board of directors consisting of five (5) members having unani-
mously voted to resign, the board of directors shall hereafter be increased from
(5) to nine (9) members, who must be citizens of the United States of America
and of Germanic descent, and whereof five (5) members shall constitute a quorum
at any meeting of the board of directors.
" 'These nine (9) directors shall be elected at a membership meeting to be
duly called and held for such purpose on July 12, 1939. The term of office of a
director shall be four (4) years, except the members of the board of directors to
be elected July 12, 1939 shall serve for periods of one to four years as at said
meeting may be determined, in order to prevent a reelection of all members of
the board of directors in one and the same year.
" 'Directors appointed subsequently to said meeting of July 12, 1939, to take
the place of any director who may have resigned, or otherwise ceased to set as
such, shall fill such office for the-unexpired period of time pf the respective director
so resigned, etc' "
Exhibit 2
German-American National Alliance Delegates for 1940
Chicago 270
Arkansas
( lalifornia
Colorado
Florida
Idaho
1
5
1
2
1
Illinois.. . 187
Indiana 13
Iowa
Massachusetts.
Michigan
Minnesota
New York
North Dakota.
Texas 3
Utah 1
Washington 1
Wisconsin 26
Total delegates... 524
UX-AMERICAX PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 89
Exhibit 3
German- American National Alliance, Inc.
(deutsch-amerikanische einheitsfront)
Address: Post Office Box 492
Chicago. III., March 6, 1939.
Open Letter
Copy
Hon. Marvel M. Logan,
United States Senator of the State of Kentucky,
Washington, D. C.
Dear Senator: Regarding your recent statements that you would furnish
England and France the things they need, so that they could whip the dictators,
permit us to state that we believe your generosity to refer to property which does
not belong to you. We are not certain that you would spend your own money for
such purpose, but believe that your liberal attitude assumes its grotesque forms
only when public money is involved.
Our organization is not in the habit of writing wild letters to United States
Senators, or any other persons, but it seems that of late the talk of war mongers,
international troublemakers and irresponsible war shouters is assuming dangerous
proportions, and that therefore a plain language answer is necessary. Believing
in democracy, as you profess to do, permit us to suggest that you take inventory
at home and find out just how many people in the State of Kentucky are able to,
and thereupon how many of them are willing to pay the costs of another war to
"save the world for democracy" or for whatever other hypocritical slogan may be
adopted by the international war monger-.
Let us remind you of the fact that you are but a public servant, and that the
people are your employers. Therefore, consultations with your employers may be
in order before you unduly commit the same to expenses for your fantastic pur-
poses. If you find that you must do something for your employers, it may be
suggested that you would do a good job for them by devoting your energies towards
collecting from your beloved England and France some of the many billions of
dollars they owe us, and on which we, the people of the United States of America,
pay interest every year. You should know that these countries are plain dead-
beats in that behalf.
We also wish to state that our organization feels particularly unfriendly to those
who may become responsible for the possible setting of thousands of white marble
crosses and of the word "Gold Star" in front of the name "Mother," just m order
to defend the war loot held by foreign nations or for the benefit of any nation
other than our own America in defense of our own country.
We firmly believe that inside of six months from now, smiles and happiness
will again be on the face of America, if all war mongers, international trouble-
makers, false propagandists and super-economists were dumped into an ash can.
We feel that America is safe from attack by any nation or combination of nations,
that no nation on earth is planning such an attack, and that we should devote our
efforts and energies towards remedying conditions at home instead of sticking an
impudent nose into the affairs of other nations. America needs Americans and
not internationalists in public office. The ever increasing power of our organiza-
tion aims to help in that direction.
Very truly yours,
German-American National Alliance,
(signed) Ernest A. ten Eicken, President.
Richard E. Sieben, Secretary.
Exhibit 4
Minutes of the Board of Directors Meeting August 29, 1939
Mr. ten Eicken reported that we will have Captain Grace as speaker but that
another letter must still be written. The subject is "Keep U. S. A. out of
War". * * *
The matter of a convention in the East was discussed. Mr. Warnholtz is
prepared to attend when it appears necessaiy. The necessary funds were made
available to him. * * *
90 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
The matter of a newspaper was again discussed but no agreement could be
reached.
We urgently need newspapers to enlist support for our cause.
Ernest A. ten Eicken,
President,
Carl Eggert, Secretary.
Exhibit 5
Minutes of the Board of Directors Meeting September 5, 1939
The suggestion was made that the Olympic film be obtained. Mr. Warnholtz
will inquire whether this is possible.
It is absolutely necessary that an office be rented and inquiries concerning loca-
tions should be made. * * *
Twenty-five dollars was authorized to purchase auto stickers, "Keep U. S. A.
Out of War". * * *
The matter of the convention in Philadelphia was again discussed. Mr.
Warnholtz could give no definite information about it.
Mr. Otto Schwarck requested that funds be authorized for his expenses for a
trip to Milwaukee. We should try to recruit new members in Milwaukee but
this will be difficult, since it is very Communistic. * * *
Ernst A. ten Eicken,
President.
Carl Eggert, Secretary.
Exhibit 6
Minutes of the Board of Directors Meeting October 30, 1939
*******
Mr. Warnholtz stated that we must still take a final step in the question of the
embargo. He proposed that we send a telegram to every Congressman, which,
however, would cost more than $200. There was a long debate over the text;
it was considered to be very sharp, but Mr. Warnholtz gave the assurance that
even though it was sharp no one could find fault with it. The motion to send
the telegram was made and accepted. The telegram was immediately dispatched
and cost $231.23. * * *
The matter of the ladies organization was then discussed, particularly as to
whether it should be a separate organization or merely a committee. Since it
is impossible to reach a decision the matter was deferred to a future meeting
It was suggested that the Bulletin also publish reports concerning the National
organization.
Mr. Warnholtz moved that Mr. ten Eicken be named chairman of the state
organization for Illinois. The motion was unanimously adopted. Dr. Silge is in
charge of the organization for Chicago and Mr. ten Eicken for Illinois. It is
very important that we include all societies in the State of Illinois.
Mr. ten Eicken reported that some one at Northwestern University had re-
quested membership material. This material will be sent to him immediately.
* * *
, President.
Cor. Secretary.
Exhibit 7
Minutes of the Delegates' Meeting, November 29, 1939. at Lincoln
turnerhalle
At the outset Mr. ten Eicken expressed his thanks. Mrs. Silge likewise expressed
appreciation for the wonderful support and requested everyone who could not
find seals lo excuse them since no one had expected that the attendance would
be so large. A profit of approximately $500 had been achieved.
UN- AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 91
Mr. Schwarck spoke about the introduction of a "working certificate." Natu-
rally we need the support or employers who should make it their duty to employ
German-Americans. The work certificate is indispensable. It was then pointed
out that again we are a combat organization which is doing everything possible
to spread the idea of the Einheitsfront. An effort is being made to obtain a
radio station and also a membership. recruiting list will be prepared which will be
sent to everyone. The Abendpost should be supported. - We should publish short
articles in the Abendpost even if we must pay for them. * * *
With reference to the working certificates) it may be possible to work together
with the German Society.
We should also raise a relief fund for which it is proposed that a sales tax be
introduced, even if only 1% be used for this purpose.
The next task is "to keep America out of War", and that we take our part in
the coming election.
There must also be a new division of work in order that our influence may be
extended to wider circles.
Delegates should always show their invitation cards as identification in order
that we may be able to determine which delegates attend meetings. We should
then require that delegates who do not attend be withdrawn by their respective
societies.
The program for 1940 should be announced in order that everyone knows
how to work.
Finally it was again pointed out that all unemployed should at least be members
of the Einheitsfront. The office will write to all firms in order that we may have
positions available. * * *
President.
— , Cor. Secretary.
Exhibit 8
Minutes of the Board of Directors Meeting July 3, 1940
* * *. Mr. Schwarck pointed out that it was important that we widely
advertise the anti-war meeting which will be held at Soldier's Field on August 4.
It is essential that the meeting be broadcast. Reference thereto should also be
made in the News Letter.
We should also endeavor to procure a radio commentator. Mr. Warnholtz
stated that it would be very difficult since this position requires daily work.
Mrs. Heidke was requested to inquire of the German Day Committee why at
the last meeting the 5,000 copies of the Einheitsfront article which had been fur-
nished were not distributed. * * * The bank must be informed that Mr. ten
Eicken can no longer sign checks. * * *.
■ , stellv. President.
, Cor. Secretary.
Exhibit 9
minutes of the board of directors meeting, july 23, 1940
* * *. A letter has been received from the Civic League of Niles Center.
There is considerable excitement in Morton Grove ana the neighborhood. A letter
should be sent to all members in Niles Center township. It should also be sent
to all persons with German names, which may be obtained from the telephone
director. Mr. Reichel promised to obtfin a telephone director. * * *.
It was reported that the members desire more radio talks. It is difficult, how-
ever, to broadcast new programs continually when there is nothing really important
to say.
Our tactics will be changed and we will no longer discuss minorities and oppres-
sion. It is essential that no information be given out concerning any of the affairs
of the organization. * * *.
Mr. Johnk was commissioned to broadcast the great anti-war meeting at Sol-
dier's Field on August 4.
We require slogans for recruiting new members. Each member should take it
upon himself to reflect on this subject.
92 UN-AMERICAN, PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
The radio committee must find ways and means to obtain new advertisements.
Mr. Johnk reported that it was extremely difficult inasmuch as the business firms
were afraid to advertise through the Einheitsfront.
Exhibit 10
Minutes of the Board of Directors Meeting September 4, 1940
There was then a discussion concerning the threat to cancel our citizenship
papers. Naturally this was only newspaper propaganda. We are doing nothing
to oppose the Government. We are only against war and we are fighting to keep
this country out of it.
The meeting for next Monday was discussed: Opening promptly at 8:15;
opening welcome address in German by Otto Schwarck, treating of book reviews,
work certificates and other material; membership recruiting, Dr. Silge, 10 minutes;
main address by Professor Sprengling, 45-50 minutes; the political situation by
Mr. Warnholtz, 20 minutes. * * *
Mr. Schwarck agreed to arrange foi the protection of the hall. No one is per-
mitted to distribute anything regardless of which side he represents.
Should newspaper reporters be present, all possible steps should be taken to
prevent them from taking pictures. Mr. Langkau shall be instructed to be sure
that no one be permitted to enter with a camera.
No one will be permitted to stand in front of the entrance with signs oi adver-
tisements of any kind. * * *
We desire to avoid any complaints and also to be mentioned as little as possible
in the newspapers. * * *
Otto Schwarck,
stellv. President.
E. Heidke,
Cor. Secretary.
Exhibit 11
Minutes of the Board of Directors Meeting September 25, 1940
Mr. Reichel reported on his trip to Pittsburgh, St. Louis and Alabama. In
every city he had met many German-Americans who were interested in the
G. A. N. A. Mr. Warnholtz requested their addresses. The German-Austrians
intended to purchase Wicker Park Hall. It might be possible for the G. A. N. A.
to support this organization. It is, however, in a Polish neighborhood and it
would be difficult for us to hold meetings there.
The special mass meeting must be especially announced in the News Letter.
The America First Society plans to hold a mass meeting and we should remain
in close contact with it. Mr. Schwarck stated that he always attended these
meetings.
A long debate ensued concerning the relative merits of Roosevelt and Willkie.
It is very difficult for Germans to vote for either, but perhaps one is obliged to
decide that we must oppose a third term and that Willkie is perhaps the lesser
evil. We must explain our position in this sense. The Kelly-Nash machine
was tlvn discussed and the opinion expressed that Kaindl, for instance, should
he supported since he is the only person with whom negotiations can be conducted
on any matter. Dr. Silge asked how the ATews Letter may be distributed. The
Committee should provide for its distribution in the various member societies
and those copies now on hand should be distributed at the next meeting of
delegates. * * *
A Committee should be appointed to assist persons in acquiring American
citizenship. Mr. Peichel was named Chairman of the Committee and shall
appoint the members himself. The Committee will be called "A Committee
to Insist and Induce Citizenship".
The societies which have not yet paid their 1940 dues shall be requested to
do SO.
Mr. Schwarck reported that he had attended the ladies meeting, that everything
was in order and that they will change their name ftrThe Independent Ladies
Auxiliary.
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 93
Mr. Schwarck is of the opinion that some steps should be taken with reference
to the Pastor Hah film and particularly since Professor von Schroetter had always
been presented as the "Voice of Germanism". The suggestion was opposed
since it was believed that this znatter would adjust itself. The less we become
involved therein the better.
Mr. Mueller, the Auditor, had attended in order to report on the books. They
were found to be in order, but suggestions were made with reference to keeping
the accounts in the future. Mr. Warnholtz reported on the examination of the
books by the Social Security. The question is whether we are tax free or subject
to taxation. An inquiry in this matter has been forwarded to Washington and
we will learn in due course of the results. In any event we have been requested
to inform the societies that all secretaries must make Social Security payments
and even if they are tax free, a report must be submitted. Mr. Warnholtz will
impart this information at the meeting of the delegates. * * *
, Cor. Secretary.
Exhibit 12
Minutes of the Board of Directors Meeting September 30, 1940
Dr. Silge stated that recently very little had been done toward recruiting new
members. This must change since we urgently require more people to recruit
new members. Particularly in these difficult times, it is absolutely necessary
that we should remain together. We must hold on and cannot be cowards. It
is our legal right to unite; therefore, everyone should make it his duty diligently
to recruit new members.
Mr. Johnk stated that the books had been audited and that everything had
been found to be in order. We require that all new membership books be turned
in for checking' since many irregularities have been discovered. A financial
committee must be appointed today in order to check these books. We no longer
have our radio programs, but we are urgently in need of funds for the coming
campaign. Funds are now being deposited covering new dues. * * *
Mr. Warnholtz drew attention to the fact that the member societies must pay
the Social Security tax. Each society must submit a report. Societies with
cultural objectives are tax-free but must make a tax statement. Social Security
payments must be made for the year 1937, 1938, 1939. After June 1, 1940, all
cultural societies are tax-free after submission of their tax statement. Amuse-
ment societies must continue to make Social Security payments if salaries of
more than $45 per quarter are paid. We are willing to give full information if
requested to do so.
Mr. Warnholtz further pointed out that everyone must register before October
8, 1940, if he wishes to vote. Our announcements concerning the elections will
be published shortly before the elections occur. The presidential election will
be the most difficult, but we have adopted a resolution committing ourselves to
vote against any candidate who advises lifting the embargo.
Mr. Beierwaltes again pointed out that registration takes place in all fire
stations every day from twelve to nine p. m. No one should fail to register. ***
Mr. Beierwaltes reported on the nomination of individual candidates by the
Citizenship Committee. He was called to order, since the matter was not under
discussion.
Mr. Beierwaltes demanded an explanation concerning Mr. ten Eicken and how
it happened that Mr. ten Eicken suddenly declared himself one hundered percent
for Roosevelt. He referred to a picture which had appeared in the Daily Times.
On this question a long debate ensued. In reply to the charges against Mr. ten
Eicken, it was stated that unfortunately he had been indirectly subjected to
pressure since an effort had been made to close his business. He was of the opinion
that they were being somewhat narrow-minded since he was still whole-heartedly
for the Einheitsfront.
Mr. Woldherr stated that no other course was open to Mr. ten Eicken.
Dr. Silge stated that he had also been requested to support Roosevelt but that
he had categorically refused. Delegate Hanert stated that Mr. ten Eicken had
lost his job through the G. A. N. A. and that no one had assisted him. Steps
should be taken to look after such people. They should perhaps have proceeded
more diplomatically.
94 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
Mr. Wilms stated that a pr-oposal had already been submitted in the South
Side Section to create a fund to support the leaders of the G. A. N. A. who lost
their employment as a result of their connection with the organization. Action
on this proposal was postponed. Mr. Wilms raised the direct question as to the
position the G. A. N. A. would take with reference to Mr. ten Eicken. Mr.
Schwarck replied that the organization had nothing to say in the matter. Mr.
ten Iicken is neither President, Director nor Chairman. He had acted as a
private individual and we have no control over him and can take no steps of any
kind against him. Mr. ten Eicken stated that he had named no names and that
no organization had been mentioned.
Mr. Keupper stated that Mr. ten Eicken had certainly taken this course with
a heavy heart and that we had no right to convict him. Delegate Meier com-
plained that the question had been placed before the delegate by the directors;
if it had not been done, the entire discussion Would have been unnecessary.
Mr. Schwarck stated that the G. A. N. A. was still true to the same principles
and the same duties, that no one could arrange a political job for himself without
automatically ceasing to be a director. Since Mr. ten Eicken is neither one nor
the other, the directors are not in. a position to become involved in the matter in
as mucn as he had acted as a private individual.
Mrs. Richter stated that ail nesspaper reports on this subject were more or
less accusations leveled against the G. A. N. A. and that an effort was being made
to create unrest.
Mr. Hanert said that no one had asked for assistance and it w?s, therefore,
not our business to criticize, "It is just all another game of politics." Mr.
Langer; "No one will go openly with us. That is just right now the trouble.
Friends, we have to take a lot of things." * * *
, Cor. Secretary.
Exhibit 13
Meeting of the Directors and the Section Committees November 7, 1940
At the outset the increase in membership fees was discussed and after a long
debate the proposal was rejected since we must place the primary emphasis on
membership and $1 is quite enough.
The question of membership fees for the member societies was also discussed
and the opinion expressed that no change should be made at this time. When
the bills are sent out a letter may be included indicating that extra contributions
will be gladly received and possibly each society will be in a position to contribute.
The question of an emergency fund was also discussed at length. If we are to
have an emergency fund, we must first have a definition of the emergencv. In
each case, it will be necessary to vote on the matter. In the course of time, it
should be possible to accumulate reserves which can be utilized when necessary.
Mr. Springling suggested that no increase in membership fees be made either
for the societies or for individual members. There was general agreement with
this suggestion.
Mr. Wilms proposed that we endeavor to collect all dues by April 1, if possible.
A special drive for extra contributions can then be made. * * *
The new membership cards mentioned only contributions. Anyone can make
contributions since we are not in a position to determine who are citizens. * * *
The South Side was divided into districts and a delegate will be named for each
one hundred members. Mr. Wilms shall make the appointments as far as
possible when we are certain that the appointees will work. The North Side
will be divided into wards, but further meetings must eventually be held. The
cut ire matter should be settled by the end of November.
The question was raised that all letters should be addressed to the Post Office
Box. A resolution in this sense was adopted.
Mr. Wilms suggested that it was important that a Citizens Committee be
established to make reports regarding the presentation of films and other matters.
Naturally any possible cooperation would he desirable.
Mr. Warnholtz stated that it would be most difficult, We would then be
Called the Axis in America.
Mrs. Schwarck pointed out that it is absolutely necessary to assist the America
First Committee, since this Committee does not appear to be able to get under
wav properly. r .
The present aim of our Organization "to Keep America out of War is very
important and then we will work to strengthen ourselves for the next election.
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 95
Mr. Schwarck stated that we are not essentially an organization for politics and
that we were founded primarily to combat anti-German agitation. It was again
stated that we must again give our attention to the recruiting of new members.
The member societies must be visited and particularly those societies from which
we have obtained individual members. * * *
Exhibit 14
Minutes of the Board of Directors Meeting, August 14, 1939
* * *
The battle against anti-German films must be intensified since these films are
directed against Germanism in the United St ites.
Various organizations have joined the Alliance.
A letter from Montgomery Ward was read in which it was stated that they have
not boycotted German goods but on the contrary are constantly importing goods
from Germany. * * *
The Peoples Front has again published hostile articles and we should answer
them.
The matter of establishing our own newspaper wTas discussed but no decision
was reached. * * *
Ernst A. ten Eicken,
President.
Carl Eggert,
Secretary.
Exhibit 15
Minutes of the Delegates' Meeting, October 23, 1939, at Lincoln
turnerhalle
Mr. ten Eicken opened the meeting at 8:30 and heartily welcomed all those
present. He stated that these meetings of the delegates had been instituted in
order to permit more discussion and to receive suggestions which could then be
taken up by the directors and worked out. He reported concerning the conven-
tion which took place on Saturday and Sunday and stated that everything had
gone off in a satisfactory manner, and that the National Association had been
founded and must still be worked out in detail. The name of this association is
"National Federation of American Citizens of German Descent." The union
has now been completed and there are now several thousands more than two
million persons behind us. Mr. Paul Warnholtz had been named temporary
chairman and Mr. Hermann, from Youngstown, temporary secretary.
Mr. Warnholtz stated that the name was rather long but that this could not
be avoided, since it was not desired to include the hyphenated German-Americans.
The American has given the Einheitsfront a very friendly write-up, and we can
be satisfied with the mannei in which things are developing. * * *
Mr. Schwarck took the chair. Mr. Schwarck stated that every delegate was an
important bearer of the idea of the Einheitsfront and that each one must make it
his task to concern himself with the new ideas which are in the interest of the
Einheitsfront.
The question of recruiting individual members was brought up. Mr. Beier-
waltes made a long speech in which he stated that it was regrettable that the
German societies are not giving full support. He spoke of the persecutions during
the last War and the chicanery which would not have been possible if a strong
organization had existed. It is, therefore, the duty of each individual member to
recruit new members and more new members. Mr. Beierwaltes expressed his
opposition to the designation of German-Americans as Nazis. He suggested that
if the newspapers do not stop this demonstrations be made against it.
Mr. Drath proposed that a committee be formed for the sole purpose of recruit-
ing new members. The question of recruiting individual members is most impor-
tant since the German societies are comparatively moribund, and it is necessary
to enlist the support of German-Americans who belong to no society. Cities
should be divided into wards.
Mr. Johnk, speaking as chairman of the membership committee, stated that 192
delegates, male and female, had books for new members in their possession, and
279895— 43— Appendix 7 7
96 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
that he considers all of them members of his committee and not merely those who
actually are committee members. The strength of the Einheitsfront lies in the
individual members, and it is the dues of such members that enable us to carry
on our fight. Each delegate should feel obliged to work for the Einheitsfront.
Herr Wilms suggested that a committee be named to assist Herr Johnk and
work out plans whereby the dues payable may be collected. This question is
very important and it is impossible that all the work be done by the committee.
Herr Kraenzle suggested that each delegate be appointed a representative of the
Einheitsfront to take it upon himself in his particular society to emphasize the
importance, and re-emphasize the importance, of the Einheitsfront, and that he
also take upon himself to constantly recruit new members. The need is great
and everyone must assist.
Herr Beierwaltes said that we need a daily newspaper to be sent to each member,
even if only a small one, since all direct contact is lacking. Since the question of
individual memberships was under discussion, the consideration of this point was
deferred.
* * * Herr Conrad Wold stated that more members could be recruited if
the delegates of the individual societies would really give the matter their atten-
tion. * * * Mr. Wilms pointed out that the question of delegates for the
individual members should also be worked out so that these members would also
be represented. We also need the press for recruiting members. * * *
A delegate then submitted a report concerning the Germans of the Volga who
were not yet convinced that it was necessary to associate themselves with Ger-
manism. Dr. Silge agreed to establish contact with these organizations.
There was a long discussion on how difficult it was for many members to pay
the $1.00 membership dues, but in most cases it is not a question of funds but
one of recognition of one's obligation to Germanism.
The question of the press was then considered.
Mr. Kraenzle stated that he had been requested to publish the monthly infor-
mation sheet. He had learned, however, that it would be published under the
name of Mr. Sieben and he protested vigorously against this. He is willing to do
flic work but only under his own name. He is not willing to do it under the name
of the secretary, Mr. Sieben. He also pointed out that it is our duty to work
with the Abendpost, and that the attempt to use the Winona newspapers was not
satisfactory since by the time the papers are received the news contained in them
is already old.
Mr. ten Eicken replied requesting that no accusations be made and stated that
he had not known that his own name would not be given. The so-called monthly
Bulletin must, however, be published under the name of the secretary and the
other gentleman must be prepared to cooperate and assist. * * *
Mr. Schwarck stated that there is little we can really do against the English
press which is only waiting for us to stage a demonstration whereupon they will
shout under great headlines that we are for Hitler and others. WTe wish to avoid
this and the only weapon we have is for us to explain openly to these newspapers
that we will no longer subscribe to them. Cancellation of subscriptions is the
only weapon we have. He could only give the assurance that whoever attacks us
will be fought, and if it is a question of our own newspaper it is necessary for us to
biing our own house in order before we undertake the battle.
Mr. Wilms suggested that the societies constituting the Einheitsfront include
free announcements in their programs which will be of assistance and will also
help the Einheitsfront in recruiting members. Each member society should also
if possible state on its envelopes and publish announcements that it is a member
of the Einheitsfront.
Mr. Moeck raised the question of collections for the German Red Cross. Mr.
Warnholtz explained that such collections are now subject to strict regulations.
He had written to Washington and had received all the rules which contain a para-
graph regarding representatives "of a foreign nation". Whether a collection for
tin \{ci\ Cross falls within this category has not been established. Before taking
action we must await more explicit information on this point. * * *
The quest ion was raised whether we could not do something to prevent American
mails being held up. Unfortunately we are powerless since England will accept
orders from no one.
Mr. Wegner urged that we become active in our churches which are a very
important factor. It was also requested that the letter which appeared last
Friday in the Abendpost he translated info English and sent to all German congre-
gations.
UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 97
We should also be in a position to obtain a report from Mr. Dies indicating that
there is no objection to the activities of the Einheitsfront.
Dr. Silge answered that this was probably impossible but thai we should sub-
mit proof that German-Americans were being dismissed from their employment.
If we are able to submit such evidence we will certainly obtain enough publicity.
Mr. Warnholtz added that Mr. Dies was only interested in such information as
he could obtain from us.
Mr. Wolf made the further suggestion that a letter in German and English be
composed in an attempt to enlist new members. It should be sent to individual
members as a chain letter and then sent on in an attempt to recruit members.
Mr. Kraenzle again emphasized that we should interest the churches; even if
it is a difficult task we must employ all available means. If we can win over the
churches we have won the battle. * * Mr. Warnholtz replied to some
questions, stating that as yet we could not depend upon the press and likewise
we could not trust the Dies Committee. We must have the Correct answers
ready since it is unheard of that we, as American citizens, should be summoned
to testify. * * *
, President.
— , Cor. Secretary.
Exhibit 16
Minutes of the Board of Directors Meeting May 7, 1940
It was decided to conduct a campaign for radio programs through gifts, etc.
More German should be spoken at the meetings. The question of a radio was
also discussed at length.
CHEMICAL MARKETING COMPANY
The Chemical Marketing Co. affords an example of Nazi penetra-
tion of business institutions and the Nazi use of these institutions for
propaganda and political purposes.
In pursuing its investigation of Transocean News Service, the
American Fellowship Forum, the German Library of Information, and
the German Railroads Information Office, this committee gathered
considerable evidence which pointed to Ferdinand A. Kertess as one
of the active pro-Nazi propagandists possessing more or less impor-
tant business connections. Kertess was president of the Chemical
Marketing Co. (For an account of the American Fellowship Forum
in which Kertess was active, see that section of this report.)
THE COMMITEE'S INVESTIGATION
In October 1940, this committee subpenaed the files of the Chemical
Marketing Co.
After the translation and study of the company's files, the com-
mittee published a report on Kertess' activities. This report was
published in November 1940 and may be found on pages 1092 to 1 1 13 to
and 1341 to 1382 of appendix, part II, entitled "A Preliminary Digest
and Report on the Un-American Activities of Various Nazi Organiza-
tions and Individuals * * *" etc.
NAZI PLANS FOR AN ECONOMIC SET-UP IN AMERICA AFTER THE WAR
Among Kertess's papers which the committee found at the Chemical
Marketing Co. were two lengthy manuscripts of unusual interest.
The first of these manuscrupts bore the caption "The Organization of
German Industry in America After the War" (Die Organization Der
Deutschen Wirtschaft in Amerika nach dem Krieg). The other
manuscript bore the caption "The Founding of a German Banking
Institute in New York After the War" (Gruendung Eines Deutschen
Bank-Institutes in New York nach dem Krieg) .
Both of the foregoing manuscripts indicated the existence of far-
reaching Nazi plans for economic penetration of the United States
after the conclusion of the present war.
98
INDEX
Page
A. V. Development Corporation 63, 70
A. V. Publishing Corporation 63, 70
Abendpost . 91,96
Aeh, Karl . 67
Ackermann, Frieda 75
Ackermann, Hans 25, 75ff
Action - 37
Adrian, Else 67
Allen, Henry - 36f, 60
Alies, Anna Elisabeth 8, 13
Alles, Marie 20
Alliance of German Nationals 72
Allied Intrigue in the Low Countries 13
The American 95
American Fellowship Forum. _. _ 18, 26ff, 29f, 40, 98
America First 82
America First Committee 84, 94
America First Society 84, 92
American Group for Trade With Germany, Inc 28
American Observer 57
American Views _ 54f
Amerika Deutsche Post 56f
Amerikadent scher Volksbund 59, 63
Amerika-Inst it ut 28
Andling, Paul 67
Androsch, Miss H 12
Arnecke, Else Hanna Dora 6
Auhagen, Friedrich E _ 26f, 30,40
Bachman, Karl 67
Baer, Emil Leo 7, 45
Bahnemann, Use 6
Bamberg. Hugo 73
Bareiss, Emma J 30
Barker, Robert B 60
Bauer, George F .26,28
Bauer, Josef Franz 8
Bauer, William P 67
Baumann, Paul 8
Baur, Paul Sebastian 6
Becker, Henry 77
Beierwaltes..: 93, 95f
Boil. Hertha Helene 8
Bell, Arthur H 60
Bell, Laird 50
Beller, Heinz _ - lOff, 40
Beobachter 45
Berger, Miss '. 13
Bergmeister 38
Bertling, K. 0__. 28
Beseler 56
Beuter. Gabriels 51
Beye, Senta Greta 6
Beyer, Kurt Karl 8
Biebers 6
99
100 INDEX
Page
Biedl, Franz 67
Biele, N 67
Bissel, Leslie 48
Blake, Tiff en v 46
Bode, Charlotte 20
Boden , Johann 8
Boening, William 1 67
Bohle, Ernst Wilhelm 22
Bohm, Hermann Richard 6
Bohme, Kurt Friedrich Wilhelm 6, 8
Bojes, Frank 67
Boldt, Gerhard Hermann Fritz 8
Borchers, Hans (Johannes) ' 7
Borchers, Walter 67
Bordsorf , Otto Richard 8
Bottler, Richard . 6
Brand, Gustave A 46
Brauns, Georg 67
Brenner, Marlene -L 6
Briest , Eckart 7
British Union 37
Brown, E. V. L 50
Brown, Mrs. E. V. L 50
Bruackner, Emil 1 74
Buchler, Miss R. E._. 12
Budelmann, John 67
Buenger, T. A 46
Bulletin 90, 96
Bumiller, Otto 30
Bund der Freunde des Neuen Deutschland 71
"Bund Deutsche!" Madel" (League of German Girls) 16
Busche, Liese : 8
Buyna, Bruno 6
( lamp Nordland 70
( 'amp Siegfried 70
( !arey, Christel 6, 8
Chemical Marketing Co 28,98
( )hicago ( 'ouncil of Foreign Relations 44, 46
( liicago National Congress 24
Christier, Gertraude Erika 8
Church and State ■ 57
Chvalkowsky 33
( 'it izens ( lommittee 94
Citizens by the Constitution 85
Civic League 'of Niles Center 91
( laasen, Bernard 67
Clement, Bertie 30
A Committee to Insist and Induce Citizenship. 92
"Comradeship U. S. A." of the V. D. A. _ 22f
Concordia Male Chorus 65
Conklin, William R 51
Constitution of German- American National Alliance.- 85
Cooper, Ferdinand 29
Coughlin, Charles E . 28, 37f, 82
Council on Foreign Relations 50
' 'rone, Friedel Gertrud ... 6
' iyler, Leo 67
Davis, Mary Nair 20
Davis, Tom' 20
Dearborn Crusaders 80
Deatherage, George - 32, 36, SO, 82
de Barde, .Marianne 6
Defender . 37
INDEX 101
Page
Denielsson, Edith 6
Dennis, Lawrence 28
Deiizer, Otto 7. 1 If
Denzer, Mrs. Otto. . 45
Der Balkan Amerikas 51 f
"Der Deutsche Automobil Club"_- 16
Der Pacifik — der Ozean der Entscheidungen . . .">]
DetlefT, John (17
Deutsch-Amerikanische Einheitsfront 89
Deutsche Zeitung 52
Deutscher Konsum Verband 65,70
Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter__ . 22, 57, 60, 63f, 68f
Deutsches Nachrichtenbuero 58
de Wilde, John C 50
Dickey, Carl C 57
Die Organization Der Deutschen Wirtschaft in Amerika nach dem Krieg__ 98
Diebel, Hans 67
Diel, Herbert Eugen 7
Dinkelacker, Airs. Erna 67
Dinkelacker, Theodor 67
Disse. K 13
Dittrich? Diego 67
Draeger, Friedhelm . 3, 7, 21, 27, 71
Draegert, Harriet Elisabeth 8
Drath 95
Drechsler, Paula Maria 8
Duehrssen, Werner Rudolf 7
Dwell. Elizabeth 67
du Pont-lluoff 48
du Pont-Ruoff, Mrs 48
Dyckerhoff, A. H 45f
Economics 54f
Edmondson, Robert E 37
Eggert, Carl 90, 95
Eggert, Robert Ernst 7
Ehling, Walter Carl 8
Eickholt, Werner Leo 7
Eigenberger, Frederick 67
Einheitsfront _ 79, 91ff, 95ff
Electrical transcriptions of German short-wave broadcasts-- 13
Emerson, Edwin 56ff
Engel-Emden, Wilhelm Jacob 8
Entrup, Johann Diedrich 7
Esen, Mrs 13
Essig, Elisabeth Maria 8
Etzel , Maria Susanne 8
Fabian, Oskar Hans Georg 7
Facts and figures about Germany 13
Facts in Review____ . 11, 13, 40, 57
Faigle, Gotthief 67
Faller, Mrs. Anna 67
Fastenrath, Elsa Margarethe 8
Federal Policy Association 50
Fiehte _'__ 32
Fichte- Association 32
Fichte-Bund 31f, 35
Fiebig, P 12
Firchow, Paul Karl August 7
Fischer, Anneliese 8
Fischer, R 12
Flick, Karl 67
Foch, Matthias 67
F< >ers1 er . Rudi 20
Folder, Duncan 67
102 INDEX
Page
Forbes, Richard T 31f, 60
foreign News 54f
Foreign Organization of the N. S. D. A. P 3
Foreign Policy Association 27, 49, 52
The founding of a German banking institute in New York after the war_. 98
Freese, Henry 8
Freitag, Martha 8
Frerichs, Margot Magda Emmy : 8
Frerichs, Wilhelm 8
Frevtag, Heinrich 7
Fricke, Otto 30
Friebel, Wilhelm Heinrich 8
Friedrich, Caspar David ■ 13
Friedrich, P 77
Friends of Germany 57f
Friends of New Germany 31, 37, 52, 58, 61ff, 64f, 71f
Frischkorn, Paul , 67
Fritz, William Jacob. __ 67
Fritzschhing, Kurt Guido 7
Fritzsching, Marie Mercedes 7
Froboese, George 67
Fuchs, Anton •_ 67
Funk 15
Funk, Rudolf 67
G. A. N. A .__ 92ff
Gaenger, Peter 68
Gaensgen, Wilhelm Ferdinand 8
Gaffney, T. St. John 57
Gauerke, Gustav 8
Gavin, Frank 60
Geier, Hans Joachim 8, 21
Geiger, Erwin Otto ! 7f
Gemming, Ernst Hermann 8
Geo-Political Association 51
German- American Bund 1,
22f, 25, 31f, 37, 42f, 45ff, 48ff, 52, 59ff, 62ff, 65ff, 68ff, 7 Iff, 79f, 85
German- American Bund Auxiliary , 70
( rerman- American Business League 63, 65, 70
German American National Alliance 79f, 82, 84ff, 88f
German-American Settlement League 70
German- American Volksbund 24
German-Austrians 92
German Bund 59, 72f
German Christmas carols and Christmas toys 13
German Citizens' League 72f
German Club -85
German Day Committee 91
( rerman forests, treasures of a nation ' 13
German League for Physical Exercises 16
German Library of Information __. 2, lOf, 13, 21, 39ff, 98
German Propaganda Bureau 56
< rerman Railroads Information Office _ 14f, 17f, 25, 28, 98
German Railway and Tourists Agencies 2
German Red Cross 96
German Society 91
German Suggests an American Dictator 51
German Tourist Information Office 57
German Transocean Service 24
German University League. Inc 28
German White Book 13
Germans of the Volga 84, 96
"Germany Calling" 13
Gingrich, Arnold ._ 00
Gissibl, Fritz 22f, 52, 61f, 65, 68
Gissibl, Peter 59ff, 65, 68
Gloeckler, Hedwig 68
Goebbels, Josef 15
Goeppel, Allen . . us
INDEX 103
Page
Goerner, Ernest 37
Goetz, Susie 68
Goetz, Walter 20
Good, O. B. .. 38
Good \\ ill Counsellors, Inc 51
Gottheld, Ina A 26
Grace 83, 89
Graebner, Theodore 60
Graff, W. A 12
G r ah , M ax 8
Gramms, Willy Paul Martin ; r 7
Grathwohl, Helmut Wilhelm 7f
Greis, H 68
Grone, Fred 20
Gross, Francis . 57
Gruendung Eines Deutschen Bank Institutes in 'New York nach dem
Krieg 98
Guenther, Ernst 20
Guhl, Krna Frida 8
Gulden, Royal Scott 57
Gyssling, Georg 8
Haardt, Ernst 77
Haas, Hugo . 22, 68
Haase. Hedwig 8
Hacha 1 33
Haehn, Heinz • 7
Haertel, Mrs. Elli 68
Hagebusch, Ereka 68
Hamburg Steamship Lines 25
Hammann, Heinrich 8
Hanert 93f
Hansen, Ferdinand 57
Hartman, Alexander H 68
Hauck, H 68
Hau shof er. Earl 51
Hawk, William 20
H avnes 48
Havnes, Mrs 48
Havser, Elizabeth 68
Heberling, Fritz . 8, 31, 72f
Heeding, Hellmut Fritz Otto 8
Heidke, Mrs 91
Heidke, E 92
Heimsoth , Henri 68
Hein, Gottlieb 68
Heineker, F. W. G 30
Heinemann, Heinrich 8
Heinemann, W 12
Heise, Anna 68
Heise, Kurt 68
Heller, William 68
Hentschel, Walter 61
Hepp, Ernst Adolf 7, 21
Hermann 95
Hess, Rudolf 34, 61, 71f, 75
Hesse, Karl 68
Hinsch, Kurt Johann 8
Hirschfeld, Hans- Richard Ernst 8
Hirt 25
"Hitler Jugend" (Hitler Youth) 16
Hoare 34
Hockfel der, Julius 47
Hoeflich, Hermann J 68
Hoff , Emil August Comrad 7
Hoff, Georg Friedrich Wilhelm 8
Hoffman, Bernhard 60
Hoffman, H. R 54f
104 INDEX
Page
I ! i (ffmeister, William 20
Hofmann. Killian 7
Hohner, Otto 60
Hoist WesseL- 76
Hudemann, Ello Ernst 8
Hummelbrunner, Anna Louise 8
Hunch. Joseph 20
Hutten, H 68
Illian, Lilly 8
Inist, Paul 30
Janke, Anneliese _ 8
Janssen, Otto Gerard J
Joesten, George 79
Johannsen , Heinz Albrecht 8
Johnk__.. 91ff, 95f
Johnson, Philip _' 28
Kaeusler, Walter 74
Kaindl__. 92
Kampinann, Edwin A 20
Kapp, Karl 8,21
Kappe, Walter - 22f, 62, 68
Kasiske, J. J 25
Kaspar, Hildegard 20
Keeling, W. A 76
Keep America Out of WTar Committee 82, 94
Keep U. S. Out of War 83, 89f
Keil, Alfred Moritz 7
Kcllermeier, Fritz Heinrich 8, 21
Kempin, Margarethe Helene 9
Keppler, Reinhold Friedrich 7
Kertess, Ferdinand A 26, 28, 98
Kesseler, Peter J _• 28
Kessels, Hubert Christian 9
Kessemeier, Theodor 31,35
Kessler, Martin 68
Keu | >per 94
Klapproth, Johannes 36f
Klapprott, August.- - 60, 65f, 68
Klapprott, .Mrs. August 68
Kleffner, Rudolf Hermann 9
Kleindienst, Alfons Georg 7, 9
Kleinholz, Georg 7
Kluge, Isabel Julia 9
Knights of the White Camellia 32, 36
Knorr, Richard * 77
Koch, Claire (Klara) Marie 9
Koch, Richard 26, 28. 30
Koch, Tilly. _ 68
Kocchlin, Erich Karl 9
Koehler, Konrad 68
Koerner, Miss 13
Koesting, Karl ^ 9
Koetter, Herman 75,77
Kohl, Edmund F - 28, 40
Kohler, Matthias--- 68
Kordel, Thea Adelgunde 9
Koschutzky, Therese 7
Kotz, Ernst 20
Kraenzle 96f
Krahforst, Ludwig R 45
Krause-Wichmann, Georg Fedor 8, 21
Kriegerbund 74
Kropp, C G 12
Kuchn, E. F. - 68
Kuehnerich, Miss Ch 12
Kuhlmann, Frieda Anna 9
INDEX 105
Page
Kuhn, Fritz-. - 32, 37, 43. 46f, 49. 52, 57. 59f, 62ff, 67f, 70
Kuhn, Max... 62
Kulhnan, Paul 68
Kuinp. Fred 68
Kunze, Mrs. A 68
Kui.zc. (i. Wilhelm 24, 32, 60, 62, 64f, 68
Kyffhauserbund - 1. 25. 74ff, 77f
"Kyffhauserbund of German War Veterans' Societies" 24
Lage, Henry 68
Lange, Richard 25
Langer 94
Langkau 92
Lankenau, Hermann 9
Lattemann. W 68
Lautenschlager, Heinz 8
League of German War Veterans 74
Lechner, H 68
Leber, Ludwig 20
Lehwald, Siri 20
Leibiger, Gustav 68
Lendle, Carl Anton 7
Lenz, Otto Robert Christian 7,13
Lenzner, Wilhelm H . — 7
"Leselust" 25
Lhorengel, Rudolf Fritz 9
Library of Information 24
Liebler, Fred 68
Liedertafel, P. Kohl 68
Liepmann, Heinz 49
Lincoln Turnerhalle - 83f, 90, 95
Lingelbach, Margarethe 20
Lippert, Bernhard Gustav 8
Lochmann, Erich Bruno 7
Loeffke, Louise Johanna Alberta 9
Loeper, Hermann 9
Loerky, Karl 9
Logan 82
Logan , Marvel M 89
Ludwig, Johann Friedrich 7
Lueders, Alfred Wilhelm Julius 9
Luedtke, Willy 68
Lurtz, Siegmar Siegfried 8, 21
Lutz, John 68
M ackensen 56
Maertz, Herman Homer Gustus 79ff, 82, 85
Maisch 21
Maisch, Erwin Theodor 7, 9
Majewski, J 12
Mangold, R 30
Manner, Wolfgang Otto Franko 9
Marcus, J. Anthony 51
Markmann, Rudolf _. 68
Markoff, X 38
Marotta. Rose 20
Martin, Rudolph 68
Martin, Theo 68
Matthias, Ernst . 9
Matthias, Hubert 6
Matthiesen, Niels 20
McCullough, Arthur F 20
Meier 94
Meier. Miss M 12
Mein Kampf 15, 16
Meissner, B. F 30
Mensing 57
Metcalfe, James J 00
Metcalfe, John C 60
106 INDEX
Page
Met tin, Richard 68
Meyer, Elizabeth Margarethe 9
Meyer, Ernest Wilhelm 50, 52
Meyer, Hans 68
Meyer, Henriette Therese Ingeborg 9
M oyer, Lieselotte 69
Micaud, Charles 30
Michel. Johannes 7
Mickinn, Miss E 12
Miller, Edmund E 48
Miller, Mrs. Edmund E 48
Moeck 96
Moerschner. Ingeborg 9
Monohan, Roy P 60
Morton Grove 91
Mottet, K 12
Muehlke, Frank 69
Mueller 93
Mueller, Albert 69
Mueller, Ernst 69
Mueller, Franz Ferdinand Erich 7
M ueller, K 12
Mueller, Nicholas 78
Muenz, H 12
Muller, Friedrich Erich 9
Muller, Gustav Albert 8
Munk, George 69
Nadler, Ellv 69
A Nation Builds 13
The National American Patriot 32
National Federation of American Citizens of German Descent 79f, 95
Xat ional German-American Service 25
National Socialist German Labor Party 61, 71
National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) .__ 16f
Xat ional Socialist Kultur Gemeinde" ' 16
National Socialist Party 16, 62
Nat ional Socialists 4f
"National-sozialistisches Kraftahrer Corps" (NSKK) 16
Nazi Socialist Party 3
Ness, Neil Howard 60
Nester, Herman 76f
"Neue Fiebel" 25
Neuhauser, G. F 3f
Neumann, Ernst Emil Ivan Fritz 8
News From Germanv 54f
News Letter 79, S3, 91f
Nicolay, Carl 69
X icolay, Franz 69
Nielebock, Hclene 7
Niemoeller, Pastor - -1
Nitze, William H . 1__ . 46,50
Nitze, Airs. William H 50
N u check, Hans 69
Odie, Karl Walter 7
O'Donohue, Joseph J 57
Oehlmann, Gertrud Else 7
Oehrmann, Hans (.t
Opderbeck, Eva Schorsch 9
Order of '76 . _ 57
Oregl, Helen .._. ________ .____ 69
INDEX 107
Page
Oregll, Carl Guenther 25, 57
The Organization of German Industry in America After the War 98
Oswald, Mrs 13
Othmer, Waldemar . . 69
Ott, F 12
Otto, Julius Leopold 9
Padover, 8. K . .__ 48f
Pechelsheim, Karl Edgar Freiherr Spiegel von und zu 8
Pelley, William Dudley 32, 36f, 57, 80, 82
Penzler, O . 12
The Peoples Front 95
People's League for Germandom Abroad 22
Periodicals 55
Pfaus, Oscar C 3lf
Phemister, Dallas B _ 46, 50
Phemister, Mrs. Dallas B ' 50
Philipp, August, Dieter 7
Pictorial report of Polish atrocities 13
Plate, Ludwig 45
Plate, Airs. Ludwig 45
Poehner 62
Polish acts of atrocity against the German minority in Poland . 13
Pollmann, Airs. M 69
Polstorff, Karl 9
Posselt, Era 20
Posselt, Erich 20
Prinz, Anneliese 9
Prior, Annette Luise 7
Pro-Nazi League of Former German Students 28
Prospective Citizens' League 70
Purwein, H 69
Puschnig, Simon 7
Quisenberry, Arthur 20
Rabe, Hans 7
Radinger, Heinrich Carl 7
Raehmel, Gotthard Walter 9
Raeuber, Helmut Hugo Friederich 7
Rasmus, Bethold Adolf 9
Rat hje, Otto Johannes Christian 7
Ravage, Eli 38
Raven, Hans-Winfried 9
Reese, Edward 69
Rehfeldt, Anna 69
Rehm, J 12
Reibau , Karl Heinrich ; 7
Reichel 91f
Reisberger, George 69
Rheinberg, Ulrich 69
Riedel. Peter 6
Rieper, Jacob 69
Ries, Herman A 60
Riker, Edwin S 20
Risse, Arno 69
Ritzen, John 77
Roessler, Marie-Louise 9
Rohrer, H 13
Romain, A 13
Rompe, Hans 69
Rorig, Anita Dora 9
Rosenberg 4
Rosenberg, Karl 6
Ross, Colin 42ff, 45ff, 48ff, 51ff
Ross, Mrs. Colin 45, 48, 50
Ross, Renate 43f
Rubarth, Helmut 9
Ruhnke, William 69
108 INDEX
Page
Russell, William R ._ 20
Russold, Franz 9
Sachs, Frieda Corinne Pauline 9
Sahling, Werner 69
Schadt , Georg Johann 9
Schafer, Friederich Wilhelm 9
Schaf hausen, Heinrich 8, 13
Schaller, George L 46
Schaphorst, Henry 69
Schattat, Fred 69
Schellenberg, Elizabeth Liesel 9
Schellenberg, Walter H 9
Schepelmann , Charlotte Marie Helene 7
Scheurer, Hans 69
Schickenger, Hendle y 73
Schimanski, Alice 20
Schinkel, Carl 9
Schirmer, 36, 38
Sehlich__ 21
Schlich, Ludwig 9
Schlinker, Joachim Nicholaus . _ 9
Schmalenbach, Carl Willibrod 7
Schmaus, Johann 9
Schmid, Karl 9
Schmidt, Dorothee Louise Marie 9
Schmidt, Peter Hubert. . 9
Schmidt-Horix, Hans D 6
Schmitz, Ernst 14
Schmitz, Matthias 10, 12
Schneider, Alois 9
Schnoes, E 69
Schnuch, Hubert 61
Scholvin, Ernst Adalbert 7
Scholz, Herbert Wilhelm 8, 21
Schorsch, Alfred Fritz 9
Schrader, Erna Martha 9
Schrader, Frederick Franklin 57, 69
Schreiber, John H 69
Schrick, Michael 69
Schueler, H 12
Schultes, Karl._. 74
Schulz, Franz Frederich Wilhelm _- 7
Schulz, LeRoy 60
Schulze, Franz Max . 9
Schumacher, Karl . 74
Schuster, Miss E 12
Schuster, Josef. ._ _ 69
Schuster, Sepp 23
Schwarck, Mrs 94
Schwarck, Otto. . 79, 83f, 90ff, 93ff, 96
Schwarzmann, H 69
Schweikle, Albert Christian 7
Schwinn, Hermann . . 69
The second hunger blockade- _ 13
Seegers, Henry 69
Seger, Gerharl II 49, 60
Seidel, Erich 69
Self lie, Franz 74
Sennhenn, Hans Karl Heinz 7
Sherman, John Harvey .__ 3
Sieben 96
Sieben, Richard E 89
Siegchrist, Charles Dale, Jr 26
Siemers, Bruno Alberi . 9
Silge, Mrs 90
Silge, William II 79, 84, 92f, 96f
Silver Legion . _____ 57
INDEX 109
Page
Silver Shirts . 32, 36f, 57
Sloane, Anna Bogenhoim 32
Smythe, Edward James 32
Social Justice 28, 37
Summer, R. M 12
Spahknoebel, Heinz 62
Spiegelman 21
Sprengling 92
Sprengling, Kurt . 48
Sprengling, Martin 44,46,48,50
Springling 94
Stahlhelm 74
Staub, Estell 37
Steuben Society of America 24
Stiefel, Otto 30
Stoehr, Mrs. L 48
Stoll, Paul 69
Storm Troopers 16
St rack, Hans 45
Strack, Mrs. Hans 45
Straub, Walter S 46
Sturn, Erna 69
Sweede, Ingeborg 7
Sweeney, John M 60
Swift, Charles H 50
Swift, Mrs. Charles H 46,50
Tannenberg, Wilhelm 6
Ten Eicken, Ernest A . 79, 83, 89ff, 93ff, 96
Teutonia - 61, 68
Teutoliia Publishing Co 65
Teutonia Society 22,65
Texas Herold 75ff
Thomsen, Herr Hans 2, 6, 21
Thorner, Heinz K 8
Thurau. Maria Albertine 7
Tiso 33
Titavna. Madame 15
Today's Challenge - 28ff, 40
Toener, Rudolf 69
Tonn, Guenther 19f, 58
Transocean News Service . 2f, 14, 19ff, 26ff, 39, 58, 98
Trailer, Bernard 9
Ullrich, Reinhart 69
United Front 79
Unser Amerika. 51f
1 "t ley, Clifton M - - - - . 44ff
V. D. A. (Volksbund Fuer das Deutschtum im Ausland) — .22, 24f
Vaer 81
Vandenberg, Frederick 69
Van den Bergh, Bertha 69
Vandenbergh, Frank 69
van Kellenbach, Max 9
van Megan, Frieda 7
Vennekohl, N 22
Vansittard 34
Viereck, George Sylvester . 11, 13, 2s. 301V. 57
Voch, Matthias 69
Vogel. Hans 9
Voice of Germanism 93
von Alpen, Fritz Franz 9
Von Bernstoff 56
von Blanckenhagen, Eberhard Johann Feinrich 7
von Boetticher, Friedrich 6
Von Bose, Helmuth - 77
von Bothmer, Heinrich W. G. M. Freiherr - 20, 26ff
HO INDEX
Tage
Von Der Goltz, George 77
von Eckardt, H 20
von Gienanth. Ulrich Freiherr 6
von Heyden, Wilhelm Guenther 6
Von Holt. Henry 69
von Johnson. Mrs 48
von Knopp. Theodor 6
von Likenz 48
von Likenz. Mrs 48
Von Nasse, Eberhard 69
von Roth. Ernst Ostermann 6
von Spiegel, E. Freiherr 3f, 21. 76
von Strempel, Heribert 6. 21
Vooros, Helen 60
Waagen, Ludwig 4^
Waagen, Mrs. Ludwig 48
Wagener, Christel 9
Wagner, Anton 9
Wagner, Carl 69
Wagner, Fritz <
Wagner. Henry 69
The War in Maps 13
Waring. Arthur Fleming 57
Warnholtz. Paul A 79f . 82f, 85', 89ff, 92ff. 95ff
Wax. M 69
Weckruf 37. 42. 43
Wegener, Otto 69
Wegner 96
Welder. Ernest 69
Weigert, Edith Louise 9
Weiler, Karl 69
Weis. August 69
Wendler 76f
Wendler. E 3. 6
Wenzel. Miss H 12
Werkstoffe, Miracles of German Chemistry 13
Werner. Kurt 9
Werner. Richard W 60
Werth. Horst Eugen 7
Wessel. Horst 16
Westphal, Edmund Viktor 9
Wetzer, Wilhelm Robert 7
Wheeler-Hill. James 69
"White Book" 24
Whitley 36f
Wieda, A 69
Wiedemann, Fritz ^
Wiegand. Guenther 20
Wiese. Hilgegard Gretchen Hedwig <_
Wildermuth. Wilhelm
Willmovski, Albert 69
WiUumeit. Otto Albert J 69. 79. 85
Wilms r H96
Wilson, Hampden 32
Windels, Erich 8
Winder. Miss Ch 12
Winona . 96
INDEX 111
I'age
Winrod, Gerald B 37f
Winterscheidt, Clara 09
Witthoeft-Emden, Robert 6
Wold, Conrad 96
Wolf 97
Wolff. Wilhelm Ernst Oswald 7
Wolter, A. H 69
Wood. Junius B 57
World Guardian of Germans 25
World Service . 36ff
Wuest, Karl 69
Young, A. M 60
Zapp, Manfred... . 3, 14, 19ff, 20ff, 39, 58
Zeglin, Fritz Ferdinand 9
Zeisler, Christine 7
Zimmer, Albert 69
Zimmer, F 12
Zimmerman, Hans 69
Zingelmann, Walter Hermann 8
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EXHIBIT NO. 75
DEPAHTMENT OF JUSTICE
voir;
279805—12 (Face p. 1842) No. 6
EXHIBIT NO. 76
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
SELECTED NAMES OF REGISTERED ALIENS
TOH6UM —
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(Face p. 1S42) No. 7
EXHIBIT NO. 77
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
SELECTED NAMES OF REGISTERED ALIENS
Trnmmnr
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EXHIBIT NO. 78
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
SELECTED NAMES OF RE
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NAME Cf
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DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
SELECTED NAMES OF REGISTERED ALIENS
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EXHIBIT NO. 80
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
SELECTED NAMES OF REGISTERED ALIENS
STREET ADDRESS
-xk^n — 3T-8TT4NN4H S~T~~
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EXHIBIT NO. 81
SELECTED NAMES OF REGISTERED ALIENS
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EXHIBIT NO. S2
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
SELECTED NAMES OF REGISTERED ALIENS
STIEET ADDRESS
JiTOJjS
337441 7
4 36 37 36
4 351 69 5
3787133
4 45 ■>« 37
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12 (F ]i 1842) No
EXHIBIT NO. 88
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
SELECTED NAMES OF REGISTERED ALIENS
3 KHO
BAB*
r UK A 0 A
I ozu
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H ST NYC
H 3 T NYC
II ST NYC
H""BT_N"tT
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A V E S PL A
A V ES PL A
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ST
NYC
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HI N G T 0 N
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CREST A V
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REGISTER
3^4" ^79 70
3 324032
3 6 2 3 2 8 6
4 344335
38 8825 2
4 51 31 5 S
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32 370 3 3
4 4 7 5 9 7 2
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34 497 31
3 66 204 9
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4 S 5 26 39
4 5 5 2 6 6 1
4 5 5 2 6 6 3
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34 4 9113
3 6 8 1420
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389 8 4 15 1 | 4
3411552
327 38 32
4 2 4 o a 0 5
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3617565 4
3744033 4
3237032 4
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13 35 0397
EXHIBIT NO. 84
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
SELECTED NAMES OF REGISTERED ALIENS
NAME OF ALIEN
STREET '.DDRESS
A
S
ADDRESS
~fr7?T
BIRTH
CO.
BIRTH
CO
CIT
SEX
MIL
SERV
ARRESTS
AFFIL
REGISTER
NUMBER
L«T
M
FIRST
MORI
K V OZ 0
!aVO SEAWAN AV NVC
V
6 0
60
4 S
4 n
37
37
37
37
07
04
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35
35
35
35
35
3 5
35
35
1
1
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1 9
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9
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1 9
0
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202 RIVERSIDE OR N
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1
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4 4 09681
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270 SEAMAN AV NYC
X
6 O
4 8
3530193 9
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310 W 9 4 T h ST NYC B
1085 PK A <. NEW YOR 5
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17 CH 1 TTF Ml AN" A V""N X
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4 8
4 8
37
80
3 5
35
35
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4 5825 36
31268 6 2
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2 598315 4
R AK AMUR A
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6 <> t> W 1371H ST NYC S3
9 0 5 W EN 11 AV NYC N 1
6 0
6 0
4 8
48
37
3 7
07
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4 6 6 2 14 0
4 34 856 1
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390 WADSWCRTH AV N 1
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6 0
60
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4 8
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37
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4 3 6 5 8 6 6
4 366909
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4 8
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4 64 5686
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314 W 88TI- ST NYC 2
501 W UOIH'ST NYC 2
501 W 110 1H ST NYC 1
6 0
6 0
6 0
4 8
4 8
4 8
37 ! 1 1
37 14
37 12
3 5
3 5
3 5
3 5
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0
0
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4 52574 5
4 362979
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3 910 5 3 3
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161 W 93 ST NYC N 1
60
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3 5 08793
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173 W 8 IS 1 ST NYC 7
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60
4 8
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3 5
3 5
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60
4 8
37 12
35
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5 0
3 6 17 5 3 3
T A K A HA 3 1
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330 E 57TH 3TNYC 1
60
4 8
37 08
3 5
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1 1
4 2 5 O 7 4 5
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651 W 188TH ST NYC X
;«"5"1 r~ 1 B R T H"~ S T H VC IV" z
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1 3964523
TAKEUCHI 3UMAK0
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60
4 8
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374 3491
TAKEUCHI | jYUTCHI
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4 8
37 03
37 08
35
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3 74 34 92
3 4969 8 3
T A N A K A HIOEJI
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TANINO i 8 E 1 1 CH 1 R 0|623 »' 137TH 3T NYC
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V -.!
06
3 5
35
I 0
3 639 570
UNO | M A T A 0
6 0 «" 68TH'3T" NYC "N
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35
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37 99
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4 65 602 4
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4 8
4 8
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4 27 S 380
W A K A 0 M 1 TUNEO
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1 3 3 5 3 6 3 6
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7 36 W END »»" NYC""N
1
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4 8
37 08
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3 5
15
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x i§
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4 8
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3 5
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2
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0 3996304 4
YAMAMOTO T A Z 0 •
2 03 E 96THSTNYC
5
60
4 8
37 ! 7 5
3 5
35
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Si 3642366 4
YAMANAKA ! ,E 1 T A R 0
464 RIVERSIDE DR N
a 5
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4 8
37 08
3 5
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1
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YASUDA YOSIKAZU
101 W 85TH ST C 0
2
60
4 8
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3 5
35
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■ 9
0
;1 3237029 4
Y OK OU C H 1 jH A CH I rT"
949 WEST END AV NY 2
6 0
4 8
37" : 1 4
3 5
35
= 1
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0
0 4387591 4
VOSHIUA KOMAZO
350 5TH AV NYC N Y 2
6 0
4 8
37 10
3 5
35
1
9
0
0 400938 5,4
YOSHIHARA SHOhZOH
585 W END AV NYC N 1 ■
60
4 8
37 8 9
3 5
35
1
9
0
1 37435864
HANAOKA MITIO
118 11 84TH AV JAM 4
90 PLANOOME RD MAN H
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63
37 07
35
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1
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1 3760830 4
38"0"4 2"I^""3l BTTT9 1 D 2
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115 3 5 ME TRO POL 1 T A IS :
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1 4 5 4 5 8 13
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2THS93— 42 (Face p. 1S12) No. 15
EXHIBIT NO. 8i
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
SELECTED NAMES OF REGISTERED ALIENS
2
K I HUH*
KlKUH*
KONDO
K 03 K I M A
K U0 A Y AM A
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3 A K A T A
3 AK URA I
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STREET ADDRESS
1TB — 575 — FITTT 3"
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39™~i~a~2Ti9 3 T FLUSH
JTI8 TI fiTH~£l} KE«
3819 ^60T H 8 r^» 0 00 3
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KOJI 68 37 108TH 8T FOR
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8HINICHIR68 39 GROTOH 8T F 0
Y09HIK0 |6 8 3 9 GROTON 8T FO
KAZUTEKE 118 18 METROPOLITA
EIZO |115 25 METROPOLITA
K A T 8 U K 0 115 2 5 METROPOLITA
K Z UP lai 4 69 33 AY 8 A Y 8 I
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StTrNirr
sTmnrnrw
p. 1842) No. 10
EXHIBIT NO.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
OF ALIEN
SELECTED NAMES OF REGISTERED ALIENS
p
NAM
STREET ADDRESS
,°"o»
ADDRESS
YR.
BIRTH
CO.
BIRTH
- CO.
CIT.
SEX
MIL.
SERV. .
ARRESTS
AFFIL
REGISTER \_J
NUMBER
nrzuK i
K A TO
T " 't A K t 0
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J 1 0 J 1
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1
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13 06 F R AN KL IN A VM A
130 6 FRAN KLTN A"V M
630 GRAMA TAN AV MO
300 HAYWARD AV MOU
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47 94 37
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51 94 37
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3910540
4 28 396 3
W A T A B E
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5 3 94 37
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