Iowa bird life

IOWA BIRD LIFE

Vol. XLIX No. 1 March, 1979

Published by fhe

IOWA ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION

IOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

VOL. XLIX No. 1 MARCH 1979 PAGES 1-32

CONTENTS

HOW MANY SPECIES IN ONE YEAR 3-8

CHRISTMAS COUNT 8-21

BIRDING AREAS OF IOWA .21-23

FIELD REPORTS 23-26

GENERAL NOTES 26-28

BOOK REVIEWS 28-32

NON-GAME SUPPORT CERT 32

COVER 32

OFFICERS OF THE IOWA ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION
President- George E. Crossiey, 1890 Wood St., Dubuque, Iowa 52001
Vice-President - Carl Kurtz, Route 1, St. Anthony, Iowa 50239
Secretary - Mrs. Mary Lou Petersen, 235 McClellan Blvd., Davenport, Iowa 52803
Treasurer - Mrs. Ruth E. Buckles, 5612 Urbandale Ave., Des Moines, Iowa 50310
Editor - Peter C. Petersen, 235 McClellan Blvd., Davenport, Iowa 52803
Librarian - Mrs. Beryl Layton, 1560 Linmar Drive, Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52404
Executive Council;

Dorothy A. Brunner, Nora Springs, Iowa
Larry Farmer, Westfield, Iowa
Richard Mooney, Des Moines, Iowa
W. Ross Silcock, Malvern, Iowa

The Iowa Ornilhologists' Union was organized ai Ames, Iowa, February 28, 1923, for ihe study
and protection of native birds and Lo promote fraternal relations among Iowa bird students.

The central design of the Union's official seal is the American Goldfinch, designated Stale Bird of
Iowa in 1933

Publication of the Union; Mimeographed letters, 1923-1928; THE BULLETIN 1929-1930; IOWA
BIRD LIFE beginning 1931,

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How Many Species of Birds ^
Can Be Seen in Iowa in One Year?

THOMAS H. KENT NICHOLAS S. HALMI THOMAS K. SHIRES

211 Richards Route 6 301 Woodridge

IOWA CITY IOWA CITY lOWA CITY

In the past decade there has been an increasing interest in annual state bird
lists. The number of birders reporting annual state lists to Birding has risen from
35 for 1970 to 139 for 1977. Reports for 1977 included new records for twenty-one
states, including Iowa. The sport of annual state lists has been particularly active
in California where the largest state totals have been attained. In 1974 Rich
Stallcupsaw 450 species (later reduced to 434 by species changes and not counting
introduced species) in California (Ref. 1). This record was surpassed by Guy
McCaskie (446) and several others in 1977 (Ref. 2). Roberson’s book gives an
excellent account of the challenge of big year including birding localities (Ref. 2).
From a state close to Iowa, Kim Eckert gives an account of his seeing 300 species
in Minnesota in 1977 (Ref. 3).

Annual lists reported to Birding from Iowa are limited to the following: Ruth
Zollars with 171 species in 1971 (Ref, 4), and Nick Halmi with 184 species in 1972,
183 in 1973, 210 in 1974, 229 (erroneously printed as 360) in 1976, and 230 in 1977 (Ref.
5). Records of previous yearly lists for Iowa are sparse and without documentation
of methods used. A review of all past issues of Iowa Bird Life revealed few
references to yearly bird lists.

The highest yearly count among several early Scott County birders (1900 to
1925) was 166 species by Burtis H. Wilson in 1906 (Ref. 6). Mary Price Roberts
reported yearly lists of 178 for 1933 and 180 for 1934 in the Iowa City area (Ref. 7 &
8). For 1936 C. Esther Copp reported a composit list for the Cedar Rapids Bird
Club of 183 species (Ref. 9), and Bruce F. Stiles described a yearly list of 136
species for the Sioux City area ( Ref. 10) . For the years 1949 through 1973, Fred and
Tom Kent reported yearly totals from the Iowa City area ranging from 165 to 221
species (Ref. 11). The high count of 221 species for 1%1 included species which
were all seen by F. W. Kent.

In 1978 the authors of this articles, at first independently and then collectively,
attempted to see as many species in Iowa as possible given the time available.
Kent, who had been encouraged by a list of 223 species in 1977 with only five birding
trips in the first four months of the year, started 1978 with intensive early birding,
attaining 227 species by May 18. Shires, on the other hand, missed many species in
the first four months of the year but was able to find most of the missed species by
intensive fall birding. Halmi continued his persistent birding of the previous two
years and added some additional species with group effort.

For the most part the authors birded independently in the Iowa City area,
including Hickory Hill Park in Iowa City, the Coralville Reservoir - Lake Macbride
area to the north and west of Iowa City and Cone Marsh to the south of Iowa City.
Occasional trips to the Amanas and Muskrat Slough were included. More ex-
tensive and distant trips were frequently made together. For example, of 98 trips
made by Kent for the year, 12 were with Shires, 7 with Halmi and 7 with both
Shires and Halmi.

Collectively 251 species were seen in Iowa in 1978 by the authors, with 225
species seen by all, 5 by Halmi and Kent, 5 by Kent and Shires, 6 by Halmi alone, 6
by Shires alone and 4 by Kent alone. This produced yearly individual totals of 239
(Kent), 236 (Halmi) and 236 (Shires).

4

IOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

For the purposes of discussion we have broken the 251 species seen into four
groups: (a) 201 species which should be found each year in eastern Iowa, (b) 8
species that were reported by birders at specific locations, (c) 13 species that
would not be expected every year but were found by specifically looking for them
in an appropriate locality at the right time, and (d) 29 species not encountered
each year which were found by chance.

Of the 201 species which we have judged to be findable in eastern Iowa each
year, all were seen by Halmi, Kent missed the Black-bellied Plover and Short-
eared Owl, and Shires the Black-bellied Plover and C. Screech, Long-eared and
Short-eared Owls. Some of the more borderline birds in this category which we all
saw include Least Bittern, which has been increasingly difficult to find in recent
years; Cooper’s Hawk, which is now uncommon; Short-billed Dowitcher, which is
easy to miss and hard to identify; Acadian Flycatcher, which is uncommon and
limited to a few areas; Golden-crowned Kinglet, whose population has been af-
fected by the last two severe winters; and Mourning Warbler, which is easy to
miss.

The eight species which we found because they were reported by birders at
specific locations included Swainson’s Hawk at its nest near Randalia, Fayette
County, shown to us by Joe Schaufenbuel, Say’s Phoebe located by Fred Thompson
near Central City and seen by each of us on three different days in June, Carolina
Wren resident in the Kent neighborhood (missed by Shires), Townsend’s Solitare
in Des Moines shown to us by Woody Brown and Dick Mooney, Evening Grosbeak
seen only by Halmi at Helen Osmundson’s feeder next door to his house, Pine
Grosbeaks in Cedar Rapids and Iowa City reported by several birders and seen by
each of us independently, Gray-crowned Rosy Finch at the feeder of Mrs. Sharon
Ladeburg in Oelwein and reported by Gladys Black, and the first state record of
Hoary Redpoll shown to us by Fred Thompson at his home in Marion. Another
Hoary Redpoll was seen later by Kent near the Dupont Bridge on the Coralville
Reservoir. The Carolina Wren would have been considered a regular bird in
previous years, but their population has been greatly reduced by the severity of the
last two winters.

Finding birds in the next category - uncommon birds seen because they were
specifically looked for - was perhaps the most gratifying. Trips to the Mississippi
River in March and carefully scoping of all Scaup yielded Greater Scaup, a bird
that should, perhaps, be seen every year but usually is not. Baird’s and Western
Sandpipers pass through Iowa every year, but shortage of appropriate habitat in
1978 owing to high water levels made finding them unpredictable. We found these
birds by making many trips to excellent mud flats available at Cone Marsh and the
Coralville Reservoir in August and September. Franklin’s Gull was found twice by
Kent because of extensive coverage of open farmland and the Coralville Reservoir
in early April. Bonaparte’s Gull was found by all by continued coverage of the
Coralville Reservoir in spring and fall. Kent found a Little Tern at Cone Marsh on
August 24 because he made several trips to this area in anticipation of possible
post-breeding northern migration of this species. Water Pipit is another migrant
that is easy to miss, Kent and Shires anticipated seeing it on the grassy open
habitat at Sugar Bottom on the Coralville Reservoir in mid-October, although
Halmi and Shires had encountered it fortuitously at Amana Lake in the spring. We
sought and found four uncommon warblers in the deep woods habitat of Wildcat
Den State Park, Muscatine County: Louisiana Waterthrush, Kentucky Warbler,
Yellow-breasted Chat and Hooded Warbler. The Connecticut Warbler was the most
exciting year’s find for Kent, It had been seen in Hickory Hill Park the previous
year toward the end of spring migration, so he made seven early morning trips to

HOW MANY SPECIES IN ONE YEAR

5

the park between May 9 and 18 specificallv in hopes of seeing this bird. On May 18,
the day he was to leave for Alaska at 11 a m., he went to the park at 6 a.m. At 7 a.m.
a bird was heard in a dense thicket that he was sure must be a Connecticut War-
bler, but 45 minutes and four chases into the thicket were required to see it. A
second lifer for the day - a Barrow’s Goldeneye in Anchorage - was anticlimatic.
Shires found the Connecticut Warbler in the fall at Hickory Hill Park by waiting in
one spot for an hour until the bird appeared. LeConte’s Sparrow was seen by Kent
at Cone Marsh with the help of Mike Newlon, Rich DeCoster and Tom Staudt by
combing appropriate grassy fields in late April.

Uncommon or rare birds which were encountered more or less by chance
include two rarities not on the Iowa Ornithologists’ Union Field Check List (Yellow
Rail and Prairie Warbler) and three species not expected in the Iowa City area
(Eared Grebe, Gray Partridge and Western Kingbird). Yellow Rails were flushed
at Cone Marsh on April 30 during a search for LeConte’s Sparrows and remained
for a week (Ref. 12). The Eared Grebe was found by Shires at Cone Marsh on
November 5; Halmi and Kent were unable find it later in the day. Gray Partridge
were a complete surprise when encountered west of North Liberty by Kent Shires,
Carl Bendorf and Rick Hollis on the Chirstmas bird count, December 16. The
Western Kingbird was seen by Kent near Cone Marsh on September 3, a day on
which twenty migrating Eastern Kingbirds were seen. Other species marked as
rare on the Field Check List that were found included a Mute Swan seen on the
Mississippi River by Kent and Shires on March 11, a Red-shouldered Hawk on the
same day near Muscatine, a Merlin seen by Shires at Kent Park in September,
Marbled Godwits seen in both spring and fall, a Bohemian Waxwing seen by Halmi
in his yard five minutes before Kent and Shires arrived for a winter trip to Duluth,
White-eyed Vireos resident at Hickory Hill Park, a Black-throated Blue Warbler in
the river bottom near Cone Marsh, and a Pine Warbler seen and heard by Halmi at
Hickory Hill Park.

Other birds seen which may easily be missed in any given year include Am.
White Pelican (seen only by Shires), Cattle Egret (seen in two locations), Gr.
White-fronted Goose (seen only by Shires), Common GallinuJe (seen only by
Shires), Ruddy Turnstone (seen by Kent and Halmi), Hudsonian Godwit, Common
Tern, Alder Flycatcher (seen only by Shires), Northern Mockingbird (seen by
Kent and Shires), Phildelphia Vireo, Worm-eating Warbler (seen by Halmi and
Kent), Cape May Warbler, Orchard Oriole, Common Redpoll (abundant in the
winter of 1977-1978 but can be missed in other years). Lark Sparrow (which is be-
coming difficult to find), and Clay-colored Sparrow.

Of the species on the Field Check List not seen, the largest group fell into the
category of infrequently seen water birds, including Western Grebe, Little Blue
Heron (seen in the area by Mike Newlon), Snowy Egret, Yellow-crowned Night
Heron, Whistling Swan, Oldsquaw, American Avocet, Piping Plover, Whimbrel,
Northern Phalarope, Sanderling, and Buff-breasted Sandpiper, Winter species
missed included Golden Eagle, N. Goshawk, Snowy Owl, Saw-whet Owl (seen by
others on the Christmas bird count). Red Crossbill and White-winged Crossbill.
Birds which presumably could have been found in specific areas of the state in-
clude Ruffed Grouse, Summer Tanager, Blue Grosbeak and Henslow’s Sparrow.
The only significant migrant songbirds missed were Yellow-bellied Flycatcher,
Brewer’s Blackbird, and Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Other species missed include
Cinnamon Teal, Peregrine Falcon, King Rail, Chuck-will’s-widow and Bewick’s
Wren. We also missed a Varied Thrush in Cedar Falls on March 18 which was seen
five minutes after we left the area.

Our experience suggests important ingredients for maximizing the number of

6

IOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

species found in Iowa in one year. These include: (a) general strategies and
abilities needed, (b) yearly migration patterns and weather conditions and, (c)
distribution of time in various localities.

The most important strategy is to spend as much time as possible in the field
throughout the year. Early morning hours are the most productive, especially
during the first three weeks in May when the best birds are often found before 9
a.m. Some time before or after sunset is needed to find species such as Black-
crowned Night Heron, American Woodcock, C. Screech Owl, Short-eared Owl and
Whip-poor-will. Walking is important to flush marsh birdis such as Least and
American Bitterns, rails, Long-eared and Saw- whet Owls, March Wren and
LeConte’s Sparrow and to hear rare song birds such as PiJeated Woodpecker,
Acadian, Willow and Alder Flycatchers, White-eyed Vireo, Prothonotary
Warbler, Worm-eating Warbler, Pine Warbler, Louisiana Water-thrush, Kentucky
Warbler, Connecticut Warbler, Yellow-breasted Chat, Hooded Warbler,
and Henslow’s and Caly-colored Sparrows. It is important to be able to
recognize the songs of these species, or, at least, recognize them as unusual.

We have found that two to four people represent an ideal sized birding group *
enough eyes and ears to pick up all birds in the area but not too many people to
require group organization or to slow progress. Excessive time should not be spent
in any one habitat. It is better to cover more areas on a trip than to cover an area
completely or take long hikes where walking is difficult or unproductive. Marsh
and water areas have a higher yield than wooded areas. When birding together,
the authors frequently complement each other in ability to recognize songs or spot
unusual species. Additionally, it is more helpful to have good communications with
other birders. Tips on locations of unusual species will add many species to a
year’s list. It is important to write down specific directons to the location of these
birds.

The most important variations in yearly conditions involve cyclical southern
winter migration of northern species, the amount of shorebird habitat, and the
weather conditions during warbler migration. During 1978 there was an unusually
good northern and western bird migration bringing down unusual species such as
Bohemian Waxwing, Evening Grosbeak, Common and Hoary Redpolls, Pine
Grosbeak and Gray-crowned Rosy Finch. Shorebird habitat was moderately good
in the spring and fall; only a few unusual shorebirds were seen. May of 1978
brought one of the most unusual warbler migrations we have seen. Cold weather
held back the migration - catbirds did not arrive until May 10. Then three days of
warm south winds suddenly brought in massive numbers of thrushes, warblers
and other song birds. On the first of these days Kent and Shires, starting at 4 a.m.
amassed 100 species by 9 a.m. and 135 by 10 p.m. May 13, was to be our big day
count, but a cold front with heavy wind and rain prevented us from seeing a single
bird at Cone Marsh at daybreak. So we changed our plan and went to Wildcat Den
State Park and then on up the Mississippi to Credit Island. In spite of the weather
we encountered a massive warbler fallout - 27 warbler species on this miserable,
windy, rainy day. The year’s warbler list included all 34 species on the Field Check
List plus a Prairie Warbler heard by Halmi at Wildcat Den.

The distribution of time spent in various localities should be planned carefully
in order to maximize the number of species seen. Winter bird coverage should
include a search of evergreen groves for Long-eared and Saw-whet Owls and
birding at dusk for Short-eared Owls. Failure to spend enough effort at this activity
resulted in missing the Saw-whet Owl. Kent and Shires could not find a Short-eared
Owl in December, probably because the heavy snow and ice drove them further

HOW MANY SPECIES IN ONE YEAR

7

south, Birding at dusk in January and February probably would have produced
this species. All tips on unusual species should be followed up. Winter is also a good
time to make trips to appropriate areas for Ruffed Grouse, Gray Partridge and
Wild Turkey. Winter or early spring trips to the Mississippi River may yield
unusual gulls or ducks such as Glaucous Gull or Greater Scaup. Systematic
checking of cemeteries and feeders may produce unusual winter songbirds.
Unusual hawks are most like encountered during migration days in March • April
and September - October. It is important to recognize weather conditions most
appropriate for hawk migration so as to spend time at appropriate location to see
them. Probably the most important specific strategy is to cover waterbird areas
on a regular basis. This should include marshes, reservoirs and the Mississippi
River if possible. Spring and fall trips to Missouri River areas at the peak of
waterfowl flights would be desirable. August and September may be very
productive for shorebirds if mudflats are available.

The most productive time of the year is the first three weeks in May, especially
the second week. As much time as possible should be spent in the field during this
time, with coverage of all habitat areas. Several trips need to be made for certain
species. These include Western Kingbird, Summer Tanager and Blue Grosbeak,
which may be found in southwest Iowa in breeding season, Henslow’s Sparrow,
which may be found at Hayden Prairie in northeast Iowa in breeding season,
Ruffed Grouse in northeast Iowa, best heard drumming in early spring. Gray
Partridge in north central Iowa, best found in winter and early spring, and Wild
Turkey best found in winter and spring in Shimek Forest or the Amana Colonies.

Birds not on the Field Check List are found by chance or through tips from
other birders. Tips should be followed up as soon as possible as unusual birds may
stay in an area for only a few days. Birds on the Field Check List for which tips
would be most helpful include Eared and Western Grebes, Am. White Pelican,
Little Blue Heron, Cattle Egret, Snowy Egret, Yellow-crowned Night Heron, Cin-
namon Teal, Oldsquaw, King Rail, Common Gallinule, BufLbreasted Sandpiper,
Bam Owl, Snowy Owl, Saw-whet Owl, Chuck-wilLs-widow, Bewick’s Wren, Eve-
ning Grosbeak and Sharp-tailed Sparrow.

Perhaps 250 to 260 species could be seen by one person in Iowa in a year, but
this would require careful planning, extensive effort, cooperation from many
birders and cooperative weather conditions,

Out-of-state trips cut into our concentration on the annual Iowa list. Kent spent
three weeks in May and June in Alaska, and Halml visited British Columbia and
Montana in April, Churchill in June-July, and the West Coast in early September to
become the only Iowa member of the “600 Club“ (613 species in the ABA area).
Shires was in Europe during July and August.

Although the Iowa Field Check List contains only 20 fewer species than the
Minnesota Field Check List (275 vs. 295), we do not think this means that anyone
could see only 20 fewer species in Iowa than Kim Eckert’s annual Minnesota list
for 1977. The Minnesota list contains 11 northern species, 10 associated with the
Great Lakes, and 11 western species not on the Iowa list, while the Iowa list con-
tains 12 southern species not on the Minnesota list. In addition to the greater
likelihood of strays from the west, north and Great Lakes, Minnesota also has the
advantage of more nesting species, more active birders in the state, and an ex-
cellent migrant trap in the Duluth area. Nevertheless, we feel that extending the
Iowa annual list total offers a significant challenge.

(Ed. note - Without trying for a high yearly list within Iowa, I observed 216
species in 1978. If there is interest we could compile yearly lists in I.B.L.)

8

fOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

REFERENCES

L Roberson D: California and Stallcup * The best of both in 1974. Birding 7:172-
178, 1975

2. Roberson D; Birders’ California. Austin, Texas, American Birding
Association, 1978

8, Eckert K: Is 300 possible in one year in Minnesota? The Loon 50:100-103, 1978

4. Birding 4:112, 1972

5. Birding 5:118, 1973; 6:160, 1974; 7:178-180, 1975; 9:138-139, 1977; 10:194-195, 1978

6. Hodges J; Birds of Scott County Iowa 1900-1925. Iowa Bird Life 29:33-36, 1959

7. Roberts MP: Birds in the Iowa City region. Iowa Bird Life 4:20, 1934

6= Roberts MP: Birds of 1934 in the Iowa City region. Iowa Bird Life 5:12-13, 1935

9. CoppCE: Bird studies at Cedar Rapidsiowa Bird Life 7; 7, 1937

10. Stiles BF: Birds of the Sioux City area in 1936. Iowa Bird Life7:49-52, 1937; 8:6-
8, 1938

11. Kent FW, Kent TH: Birding in Eastern Iowa. Iowa City, FW and TH Kent, 1975

12. KentTH: Yellow Rails and more at Cone Marsh. Iowa Bird Life 48:101, 1978

W. ROSS SILCOCK
MALVERN

Even though a record 34 localities reported this year, the only new count was
Eldora, but there were three returnees from previous years: Cedar Falls, Spirit
Lake, and Wapsipinicon River Valley (a weather casualty last year). The only
count from last year not reporting was Mason City, where perhaps everyone is
frozen. Davenport, for the 26th straight time, led all counts with 69 species, but the
last two years must be making them nervous. Due to the toughness of the Cedar
Rapids compiler in eliminating three species for insufficient documentation, his
count just failed to dislodge Davenport. Shenandoah also had 68 species, due to a
good waterfowl count, and Dubuque was fourth with 64. These top counts must be
glad waterfowl don’t like Iowa City, as that locality was fifth with 60 species
despite a lack of duck species.

This year also saw by far a record show of observers: 556, compared with the
previous record of 484 in 1976. This is a healthy trend, allowing more parties (a
record 195 this year) and thus better coverage and more statistically significant
data for use in future analyses.

Despite these healthy factors, the total species list of 115 failed to meet the
record 116 set in 1975. The reasons why a new record was not set are discussed
below.

CHRISTMAS COUNT

9

Species Comments

Two species were reported which would have made a total of 117 and set a new
species record. These were not included because of absent (Turkey Vulture) or
insufficient tSwainson's Hawk) documentation. One of the species eliminated at
Cedar Rapids because of failure of the observer to supply details was Greater
Scaup, an entirely plausible species where waterfowl are pr^ent in late fall and
early winter, especially in eastern Iowa. See under “Notable Misses” below for
species seen during the count period and others which were missed this year.

In general, documentation is markedly improved, for which 1 am very ap-
preciative. Compilers have the responsibility of gathering details on unusual or
rare sightings and deciding whether to include them in their count tabulation. Last
year I went into some detail about Swainson’s Hawk sightings in Iowa in winter. At
the risk of being boring, herewith an addendum: Taking into account the fact that
this is a species not listed for winter in Iowa or any of the surrounding states nor as
far south as Oklahoma, Arkansas, or Louisiana, a somewhat incredible 18 birds
have been reported (and generally accepted) in Iowa CBC's through this year. No
details were provided for nine of these, and details for four more were insufficient
to eliminate Red-tailed Hawk. This leaves five birds for which the details
equivocally raise the possibility of a winter Swainson’s Hawk. Two birds at Des
Moines in 1961 had ”pale wing linings and dark flight feathers” and were in an area
where the species had bred that summer. These birds also had the usual charac-
teristics considered to be diagnostic of Swainson’s but which in fact are commonly
seen in Red-tails in winter (dark breast with no belly streaks or underside
streaking; barred or pale undertail; slight dihedral in flight). One at Rathbun in
1975 had “light and darker contrasting of the underside of the wings”, but this
description is not specific enough to characterize a Swainson's. There were two
reported from Omaha this year (by different observers), both possessing pale
wing linings and dark flight feathers. One of these was a dark bird, and it is con-
jectural whether this field character holds up with dark birds. Presently I do not
feel qualified to state unequivocally that this contrasting underwing pattern is
completely diagnostic of Swainson’s Hawk. Certainly it is not sufficient to allow
what would be tantamount to a state seasonal record, considering, as stated
above, that this species is not accepted as a winter bird in Iowa and surrounding
states. Finally, I would welcome comments on this problem.

Two counts reported Ruby-crowned Kinglet, neither with details. As this
species is rare in winter in Iowa, documentation should be provided.

The meadowlark dilemma continues, with northwestern counts probably
correctly reporting all Westerns and some southeastern counts more questionably
reporting all Easterns, Those birds which can be identified by call (this method is
most reliable, as discussed in Bent's Life Histories; try to listen to some
meadlowlarks this summer whose songs you can hear to get a feeling for the calls) ,
song, or even plumage should be listed by species, and the rest as “Meadlowlark
sp." There is probably a significant movement of Westerns south and east in
winter in Iowa. Even a few of the breeding meadlowlarks in South Dakota are
Easterns.

As far as sparrows are concerned, the situation here is much improved. The only
Field and Vesper Sparrows reported were in the south and east, where a few un-
doubtedly occur in winter. Documentation for sightings from other areas is
required, however. Lincoln’s Sparrow was well-described from both areas report-
ing it, and, as expected, no Chipping Sparrows are reported.

10

IOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

Addendum to Table

Some submitted observations do not fit well into a table based on species, and
are therefore listed here. Additional races are listed numerically in the table
(Flickers, Juncos) as well as here. Where identification to species was not made,
the sighting is also listed here (Duck sp., etc.). In such cases however, where
failure to list a sighting in the table would deprive a count of a species, ob-
servations were assigned aribtrarily to a species in the table (Gull, sp. at
Burlington was listed as Ring-billed in the table).

Duck sp.
Gull sp.
Buteo sp.

Owl sp.

Red-shafted Flicker
Shrike sp.

Blackbird sp.
Oregon Junco

Omaha
Burlington
Iowa City
Omaha

Yellow River Forest

Iowa City

Omaha

Dubuque

Marble Rock

Omaha

Omaha

4676

12 (Listed as Ring-billed)

1

2

3

2

2 (Listed as Common)

1 (Listed as Loggerhead)

1 (Listed as Loggerhead)
32

2 (Listed as Northern)

Best Birds

Based on past CBC data, and in approximate order of merit, these were:

Marsh Wren: Third CBC record, but the first for 24 years. Brown’s Annotated
List gives a Jan, 2, 1955 record, and several were counted this year at Squaw
Creek.

Gr. White-fronted Goose: Seen two years in a row, but only the third CBC
record. Probably previously overlooked among other geese.

Yellow-headed Blackbird: Fifth CBC record. One was also at a Marshalltown
feeder during count period, but was not recorded on county day.

Osprey: Seventh CBC record and first for seven years. Two were reported,
with best details from Iowa City. The Rathbun bird was at close range and
photographed, but the photo has not been seen.

Merlin : Ninth CBC record, but only the third in the last 10 years.

Notable Misses

Most significant in this category were two species reported during the count
period but not seen on count day. A Townsend’s Solitaire was at Des Moines and
Am. White Pelicans at Keosauqua, on the Des Moines River. There have been four
previous CBC records of the Solitaire, but the only previous CBC record of Am,
White Pelican was the sedentary loner on the Mississippi River in 1975.

Red-breasted Merganser was not reported this year, even though it has been
seen nine of the last 10 years. Red Crossbill (seven of the last 10 years) also was not
reported, but neither were many other winter finches.

Diurnal Raptors: After last year’s high populations of Red-tails, Rough-legs,
and Bald Eagles, this year saw a return to normal levels for the latter two, while
Red-tails stayed high. In terms of Birds Per Party (BPP; figured on a statewide
basis), there were 2.7 Red-tails (same as last year); 0.6 Rough-legs (LI) ; and 2.0
Bald Eagles (3.2). Prior three-year averages for these species are 2.1 for Red-
tails, 0.7 for Rough-legs, and 2.35 for Bald Eagles. (Editor’s Note - BPP is
somewhat biased as some counts include up to half feeder parties but this number
is not listed.)

CHRISTMAS COUNT

11

Gallinaceous Birds; Perhaps the big story of this year’s CBC is the apparently
incredible increase in the Gray Partridge population from a three-year average of
three birds (absolute count) to this year’s total of 291. There were even 7 at Iowa
City (considered by Halmi not to be locally raised). Perhaps the population is at a
peak and range expansion is taking place. Ring-necked Pheasant also increased
dramatically and surprisingly in light of the weather conditions the past two
winters, more than doubling the last three years' average BPP, Is it possible that
some pheasant and partridge are entering the state from the north and west as
Prairie Chickens once did? The C. Bobwhite, primarily more southern in
distribution, maintained a steady population.

Mourning Dove; This species was at normal levels after last year’s decline,
which is also surprising in light of the heavy snow cover in Iowa this winter.

Woodpeckers : Three species are steadily increasing in numbers, suggesting
an increase in breeding populations also. Piieated Woodpecker shows the largest
increase, having doubled its numbers in three years. Both the Hairy and Downy
Woodpeckers are increasing also, but more so the Hairy. In terms of BPP, the
Hairy has increased each year for the last four years (1.6 to 2.8), as has the Downy
(8.0 to 11.8). As can been seen, the Hairy is increasing at a greater rate.
Red-headed Woodpecker remained at a low level of 0.8 BPP compared with the
high in 1976 of 6.1.

Field Flocking Birds: Included here are Horned Lark, Lapland Longspun, and
Snow Bunting, but see meadowlarks, below. All maintained their very high levels
of last year, even increasing in the case of the Snow Bunting. Horned Lark had 36
BPP versus 33 in 1977 and 8 in 1976; Lapland Longspur 9.1, 11.4 and 1.5; and Snow
Bunting 4.6, 3.75 and 1.1. Heavy snowcover and cold weather north of Iowa has
probably caused this phenomeon.

Carolina Wren : This species has declined disastrously due to severe winters.
From 29 birds reported in 1976, there were only three this year, a decline of some 95
percent in terms of BPP. Amazingly, however, one was at Sioux City!

American Robin; This species returned to usual low levels (0.9 BPP) from last
year’s high of 7.2 BPP.

Golden-crowned Kinglet; Despite much concern (in, for example, American
Birds) about winter’s effect on this species, it recovered its normal levels this year
(58 birds versus 18 last year).

Meadowlarks; Taken as a group, meadowlarks were about double their levels
of their prior three-year average this year (6.9 versus 3.2 BPP). This is probably
related to the increase in Field Flocking Birds (see above).

Sparrows: Several observers noted a decline in American Tree Sparrow,
especially relative to Northern Junco. While the latter remained constant in
numbers (79 BPP versus the prior three-year average of 78), Tree Sparrows
declined to 41 BPP from 61 last year and 87 and 81 the previous two years. Thus
there seems to be a three-year decline in progress. Perhaps harsh winter con-
ditions have reduced the population, or at least sent them further south than usual.
However during the normal migration periods the population seemed low,
suggesting that indeed the population is reduced. For some species, wintering
habitat conditions may determine subsequent breeding population levels more
than conditons during the breeding period itself. Perhaps this is happening to the
Am. Tree Sparrow. Harris Sparrow was also reduced in numbers from 3.9 BPP
(prior three-year average) to 1.7 this year.

12

IOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

1 . ALLEMAN ( 15 mile diameter circle centered on AUeman and including Big
Creek Lake, Chichaqua Wildlife Refuge, Jester Park, parts of Saylorville Lake,
and areas between these locations,) Dec. 26; 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. Temp. 20-25; wind: 5
mph from N. Overcast, 1 to 2 inches snow on ground. Lakes frozen but some open
water in creeks.

Observers (3) in 1 party: Dean Mosman (compiler), Diane and Mike Mosman.

Other species seen during census period: Song Sparrow, Meadowlark sp. and
Purple Finch.

Comments: Tape recordings used to attract owls. Red-headed Woodpeckers
missing for second year. Also sightings of Pruple Finch and Pine Siskin down
during count period,

2. BURLINGTON (15 mile diameter circle centered on highway 99 at Flint
Creek bridge and including Lock and Dam 18, Carthage Lake, Mississippi River
bottoms, and part of Iowa Army Ammunition Plant.) Dec. 30: 6:30 a.m. to 5:15
p.m. Temp. 10-21; wind: 5-10 mph from W. Overcast, generally no snow cover,
Mississippi channel open, other water frozen ; snow beginning mid-afternoon.

Observers (13) in 5 parties: Tom Francis, Charles, Christopher and Jane
Fuller, Roger Gugeler, Harold Linder, Anna Mae, Caryn and Peter Lowther
(compiler), Gil and Jeannette Miller, Douglas Prier and Olive Sullivan.

Other species seen during census period: Ring-necked Pheasant, Common
Crackle.

Comments: Tape-recorded owl calls were used by 2 parties. We again have
access to lAAP after several years of restriction.

3. CEDAR FALLS (all points within a 15-mile diameter circle to include Black
Hawk Park, Falls Access area, George Wyth State Park, Greenbelt Park, Hart-
man Reserve, Robertson Bird Sanctuary, UNI Biology Reserve.) Dec. 31: 7 a.m.
to 3 p.m. Temp, 3-10; wind: 5-25 mph from NW. A.M. overcast, moderate snow;
P.M., overcast, moderate snow; snow cover 3-6 inches; water partly open; wild
food crop good.

Observers (9) in 3 parties: Randy Betsworth, Dave Burman, Antoinette
Camarata, Russell Hays, Francis Moore (compiler), Bob Myers, Ted, Tom and
Tom, Sr. Stone.

Details of unusual observatons: Complete details submitted.

Other species seen during census period: Green-winged Teal, American
Wigeon, Hooded Merganser, Red-winged Blackbird.

Comments: We had a bright overcast day for the Cedar Falls count with light
snow falling at the beginning of the count, and steadily growing heavier until it had
developed into a moderate snow which stayed with us the reminder of the day. The
blizzard-like conditions forecast for the count day held off until ater that evening
and through that night, luckily. Overall a very good count and lots of enthusiasm
w'as shown for a count that has not been held since 1971,

4. CEDAR RAPIDS (Open fields, open woods, river, streams, lake, orchards,
nurseries, cemetery. 15 mile circle centered on Federal Bldg, as in past.) Dec. 16:
4:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Temp. 22-33; wind: 5-30 mph from SE. Clear all day, 3 to 11
inches snow, water partly open.

Observers (44) in 15 parties; Names illegible. Weir Nelson, compiler.

5. CHEROKEE (15 mile diameter circle centered on U.S. 59, 2 miles south of
Larrabee to include Martins Access, Little Sioux River, Mill Creek and the
Cherokee Sewage Lagoons.) Dec. 17: 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Temp. 10-31; wind: 10
mph from South-SW, Partly cloudy, 100 percent snow covered; streams 95 percent
ice covered. Lakes 100 percent ice covered.

CHRISTMAS COUNT

13

Observers (15) in 4 parties: Horace Autenreith, Sandy and Joe K. Beals,
Bertie and Joe Beals, Judy and Dick Bierman (compiler), Marion Brewer, Ray
Cummins, Carol and Larry Farmer, Brett Oetken, Arlene Sweet, Shirley
Wahlstrom, and Mildred Thompson at feeder.

Other species seen during census period: Red-headed Woodpecker.

Comments: Tape used to attract C. Screech Owl. A probable Northern
Mockingbird was observed by our most reliable birder. His being only 90 percent
sure justifies mention but not confirmation.

6. CLINTON (15 mile diameter circle centered on Elk River Jet., Iowa, same
as previous years.) Dec. 31: 6a.m. to 4:15 p.m. Temp. 15-20; wind: 10-20 mph from
N. Overcast, moderate snow all day, 7’^-l2’' snow on ground, river 95 percent ice
covered.

Observers (9) in 4 parties: Brad Boyd, Linda Caldwell, Fred Lesher, Steve
Medema, Mary Lou Petersen, Peter C. Petersen (compiler), Ernie and Sean
Sadler and Clark Scott.

Comments: Visibility cut greatly by snow, Hours in the field cut by poor
driving conditions. Birds reasonably active in A.M. but not in P.M.

7. DAVENPORT (15 mile diameter circle, centered on former toll house
location on the I 74 bridge, same as previous years.) Dec. 17: 5 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Temp. 22-35; wind: 5-15 mph from SW. Clear, ground covered by 4” old snow, river
75 percent ice covered.

Observers (37) in 20 parties including 10 at feeders: Mrs. Fred Adams, Carl
Bengston, Brian, Corey and Lewis Blevins, Brad Boyd, Linda Caldwell, Jane
Carpenter, Ronald Christianson, Ruth and Walt Dau, Dale Dickinson, Elton
Fawks, Margaret Flesher, Allan Hahn, Mary Rose Hawkinson, Dick Hazel, Marge
Hollen, Dick and Mary Knox, Fred Lorenzen, Mrs. Frank Marquis, Ed and Gladys
Meyer, Stan Nelson, Mary Lou Petersen, Peter C. Petersen (compiler), Mrs.
Frank Roseman, April, Ernie and Sean Sadler, Clark Scott, Mr. and Mrs. Leonard
Swanson, Ralph Troll, Betty Ven Horst, Gladys Wallace.

Details of unusual observations: Double-crested Cormorant, Golden Eagle
and Glaucous Gull documented.

Comments: Am, Tree Sparrows very low, new high for Pine Siskins, tapes
used for owls before dawn and during day for small land birds.

8. DECORAH (A 15 mile diameter circle centered on NE corner S24; T99N,
R8W.) Dec. 30: 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. Temp. 6-17; wind: 10 mph from NW. Partly cloudy;
2-5 in, snow cover; streams partly open.

Observers (14) in 6 parties: Francis Arness, Alan Branhagen, Ruth Fretheim,
David and Oivind Hovde, Dave and Pearl Howell, Darwin Koenig (compiler), Paul
Koenig, Andrew and Dale Nimrod, Arnold and Delores Rohm, Joe Schaufenbuel.

Details of unusual observations: Yellow-rumped Warbler - yellow rump and
flank patches, white throat, two white wingbars; distance of 30 ft, in good light.
Fox Sparrow - rufous tail and rump, large size, heavily streaked underparts;
distance of 40 ft. in good light.

Other species seen during census period: Sharp-shinned Hawk.

9. DES MOINES (15 mile diameter circle, centered on 63rd & University, in-
cluding Maffitt Reservoir, Saylorville Dam, Ashworth-Greenwood Park,
Waterworks Park, Easter Lake.) 7:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Temp. 32 - 44; wind: 10 mph
from SW. Mostly cloudy, 0-4” snow cover.

Observers (15) in 4 parties: Names not given, Wm. A. Boiler, compiler.

Other species seen during census period: Evening Grosbeak, Townsends
Solitare.

14

IOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

10. DeSOTO NATIONAL WILDLIFE (15 mile diameter circle centered on
DeSoto Refuge. NWR Headquarters, Missouri Valley, la., including all of DeSoto
Refuge, Wilson Island and Ft. Calhoun, Neb.) Dec. 21: $:45a,m, to 5; 15 p.m. Temp.
12-36; wind: calm. Mostly sunny with to 2 inches of snow on ground.

Observers (20) in 5 parties: Names not given, David Menke, compiler.

Details of unusual observations: Documentation for Hermit Thrush included.

11. DUBUQUE (15 mile diameter circle with center at Center Grove Cemetery
and including Linwood, Industrial Island, John Deere, Durango, Peosta, Swiss
Valley, Massey, East Dubuque.) Dec. 16: 7 a.m, to 5 p.m. Temp. 21-35; Partly
cloudy, 4” old crusted snow, river partly open, wild food crop fair.

Observers (25) in 9 parties, plus 2 at feeders: Robert Beck, Douglas Cox,
Frieda and George Crossley (compiler) , Jim Eischeid, Peter Ernzen, Adele, John,
John Jr., and Mark Feller, W. R. Gruwell, Harry Herold, William Herrmann,
Darwin Koenig, Brian Larson, Debi Link, John C. Miller, Ronald Neu, James
Rooks, Joe Schaufenbuel, JohnStampe, Neil Trevethan, Robert Walton, Wauneta
Wiederaenders, Jan Williams.

Details of unusauJ observations: Field and Vesper Sparrows and N. Goshawk
were documented; White-crowned and White-throated Sparrows and Merlin have
been at feeders, and Rufous-sided Towhee and Yellow-rumped Warblers were seen
by Darwin Koenig and Joe Schaufenbuel.

Comments: Ground had been covered for two weeks with 5” hard-crusted
snow causing feeding difficulties.

12. ELDORA (15 mile diameter circle centered on Gifford and including Daisy
Long Park, Pine Lake area, Iowa River valley, Steamboat Rock, Reece Park,
roadsides and fields in between.) Dec. 27: 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Temp. 9-29; brisk
winds developed during the morning from the SE. Overcast, 75 percent light snow
cover, river 80 percent ice covered; lake completely frozen over; below dam open
stream to river.

Observers (2) in 1 party: Ramona Sommerlot (compiler) and Garnita Seward.

Details of unusual observations: Rufous-sided Towhee (m) in bush 3’ off
ground near feeding area - seen at range of 15’. Two Sharp-shinned Hawks hunting
over a weedy field near wood margin of river. Field full of Northern Junco and Am.
Tree Sparrows. One hawk landed in a tree 18 to 20’ from car. Noted small size,
completely dark grey above with square tail.

Other species seen during census period; Belted Kingfisher, Snow Bunting,
Lapland Longspur, Meadowlark (sp.), Evening Grosbeak and Mourning Dove.

13. IOWA (^ITY (15 mile diameter circle centered on intersection of U.S. 218
and F28, and including parts of Iowa City, Lake Macbride, Coralviile Reservoir
and Kent Park) Dec. 16: 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. Temp. 22-36; wind: to 35 mph from W-
WNW. Partly cloudy to mostly clear; 4-6” of snow; river and some creeks open;
reservoir and lakes frozen.

Observers (33) in 8 parties; E. Beale, J. Becker, C. Bendorf, M, C. and N.
Brown, R. DeCoster, E. and M. Folk, J. and K. Fuller, G. Garton, T. Gorrell, N.
Halmi (compder), J, Hargrove, D. Hartle, M. L. and J. Huit, J. Huntington, T.
Kent, J. Kern, A. Kuhn, M. and A. Lewis-Beck, M. and C. Newlon, P. Petersen, J.
Peterson, E. and A. Sadler, T. Shires, T. Staudtand R. Williams.

Details of unusual observatons: Documentation included for unusual species.
These species new to count: Osprey, Gray Partridge, Hermit Thrush,

Loggerhead Shrike, Field Sparrow. Other uncommon speices; Great Blue Heron,
Wood Duck, N. Shrike.

Comments; Gray Partridge first ever in area. No local release, no game farms
anywhere near. Seems range extension of N.W. Iowa population. Remarkable high

CHRISTMAS COUNT

15

counts for Red-Uvled Hawk, Ring-necked Pheasant and Am. Crow, complete
absence of Red-headed Woodpecker unusual. Am, Tree Sparrow count quite low
(note low Am. Tree Sparrow-N. Junco ratio).

14. JAMAICA (15 mile diameter circle centered IV 2 miles west & 4 miles south
of Jamaica, Iowa, covering northeast corner of Guthrie County and portions of
Greene and Dallas Counties, and areas, Lake Panorama, Long Pond, fields,
pastures, streams, RR tracks and a portion of the North Raccoon River.) Dec. 31:

5 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Temp. 6-9; wind: 25 mph from Northwest. Three-inch snowfall
during count day, blizzard conditions at times with a strong northwest wind.
Rivers and lakes frozen over except stream through Springbrook State Park and
the river area below the dam at Lake Panorama .

Observers (17) in 4 parties: Mats Aberg, Gene Burns (compiler), Marilyn
Bums, Barney Cook, Raymond Cummins, George Hemmen, Todd Isaacson, Dick
Mooney, Pauly Mooney, Paul Martsching, Greg Nelson, Paul Nelson, Steve
Patterson, Mark Rouw, Robert Rye, Dr. Wm. A. Seidler, Don Seivers, plus 14 at
feeders.

Other species seen during census period: Barred Owl, Short-eared Owl, Belted
Kingfisher, Loggerhead Shrike and Red-winged Blackbird,

Comments: Tape-recorder used for attracting owls.

15. KEOSAUQUA (15 mile diameter circle centered on Keosauqua, and
inlcuding Lacey-Keosauqua State Park, country roads, Des Moines river bottoms
and bluffs.) Dec. 29: 7:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Temp. 32-37; wind; 5-10 mph from SSE.
Overcast, with occasional light rain; ground clear; river open, but completely
edged with ice chunks.

Observers (3) in 1 party: Kathy Fisher (compiler), Oneita Fisher, Mike Zahs,
plus Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Daughrity, Dick Fisher, Mrs. Joe Salter, and Mr. and
Mrs. Kenneth Wiley at feeders.

Details of unusual observations: Of the 12 ealges counted, 7 were immatures;
all were along the river between Kilbourne and Lacey-Keosauqua. The Lapland
Longspurs were with a mixed flock of sparrows and juncos in brushy, weedy
cover. The Red-breasted Nuthatch has been coming to our feeders for the past
month-

other species seen during census period: Canada Geese, Evening Grosbeaks,
Common Grackle, American Kestrel and Am. White Pelicans (they were in the
river near Pittsburg).

Comments: Because of the mild, open conditions, the birds - especially the
Am, Tree Sparrows and Purple Finches - were widely scattered. Today (the 30th),
with snow' on the ground and much colder temperatures, they’re flocking to our
feeders,

16. LAMONI (15 mile diameter circle centered at junction of 1-35 and U.S. 69
East of Lamoni, including farmland, pasture, and woodland.) Dec. 26: 8 a.m. to 5
p.m. Temp. 22-26; wind: 10 mph from NW. Partly cloudy to clear, ground bare,
lakes and ponds frozen, streasm 80 percent frozen.

Observers (9) in 4 parlies: Leslie Barnett, Richard DeLong, Mrs. W. C.
DeLong, Bill, David and J. Donald Gillaspey (compiler), Dan Long, Mr. and Mrs.
Ralph Silver.

Other species seen during census period: Mouring Dove, C. Screech Owl,

Short-eared Owl, B. Kingfisher, Horned Lark and Rusty Blackbird.

Comments: Sapsucker had been at Silver feeder for a week. Horned Larks
abundant along gravel roads after snowfall after count day.

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18

IOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

17. LOST NATION (15- mile diameter circle centered at a point 1 % miles south
of Lost Nation, la., and including Eden Valley Refuge, and a stretch of the Wap-
sipinicon River) Dec. 28: 6:30 a.m. to 5 p m. Temp. 25-30; wind: 15-20 mph from W-
NW. Partly cloudy, no precipitation, heavy snow cover, little open water,

Observers (11) in 4 parties, plus 4 at feeders: Bob Bryant (compiler), Esther
Copp, Jay Gideonsen, Rhonda Heneke, Beulah Lohman, Harold Lohman, Pete
Petersen, Janet Ruprecht, Jeanette Ruprecht, Bob Schaefer, Mildred Schutt,
Leroy Schutt, Greg Smith, Charles Wentworth, June Wentworth.

Details of unusual observations: Norther Shrike seen 2V2 mi. North of Toronto,
Clinton Co., la. near a picked cornfield bisected by gravel road, perched on wire,
and then flew. Seen by Pete Petersen, Jay Gideonsen, documented.

Other species seen during census period: Barred Owl.

Comments: Tape recorders were used to attract both owls and birds,

18. MARBLE ROCK (Area same as previous years) Dec. 26: 7 a.m. to 4:30
p.m. Temp. 12-18; wind: 2-8 mph from NW, Overcast in early A.M. clear through
late A.M. and all afternoon, at least 6” snow cover in all areas. A great deal of open
water on the Shell Rock and all streams checked.

Observers (2) ini party: Pearl Knoop and Tom Staudt (compiler).

Other species seen during census period: Snow Bunting and Great Blue Heron.

Comments: Shrike seen at a good distance, no chance to determine species. No
Red-headed Woodpeckers were seen last year so we were pleased with the two
found on this count, one was immature. The number of Brown Creeper seen this
year surpassed the combined total for the previous four years of the count here. No
idea where the Am. Tree Sparrows were.

19. MARSHALLTOWN (15 mile diameter circle centered on E27 one mile east
of highway 14 and including Union Grove Lake, same as previous years. ) Dec. 18; 8
a.m. to 4 p.m. Temp. 17-38; wind; 5 mph from NW. Clear, three inches of snow on
the ground, a hard crust on the snow. Lake 99 percent frozen, Iowa river one-third
open where water treatment plant enters the river.

Observers (26) in 5 parties, plus 5 at feeders: Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Crowther, Mr.
and Mrs. Norm Eige, Freida Ellerbeck, Laura Glasgow, Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth
Graham, Wendell Graham, Mr. and Mrs. Carl Hollingsworth, Marlys Huff, Mr.
and Mrs. John King, Carl Kurtz, Mr. and Mrs. Lester Lawrence, Sara and Carol
McMillan, Mrs, John Mowry, Mr. and Mrs. James Plambeck, Mr. and Mrs. Les
Ralston, Mr. and Mrs. Ed Savage ( compiler) , Mr. and Mrs. F. S. Wheeler, Mr. and
Mrs. Jim Wignall and Ruth Zorn.

Details of unusual observations : Northern Mockingbird seen within city limits
at the Miles McClurg residence. The Mockingbird was seen at least twice after the
count. The Lincoln Sparrow was observed at the edge of a brushy area located
behind water treatment plant, there were also tall weeds in the area. The bird was
seen twice by 3. The bird was smaller than the Song Sparrow, tail shorter, streaks
fine, one saw the buff band and then white on breast. We were less than 50 ft. from
the bird.

Other species seen during census period: Evening Grosbeak, Yellow-headed
Blackbird (F) coming to a feeder at the Kenneth Eckles residence, identified by
Ruth Zorn, Long-eared Owl and Barred Owl.

20. MUSCATINE ( 15 mile diameter circle, centered on Lock and Dam 16, same
as previous years. ) Dec. 23: 6 a.m. to 5: 15 p.m. Temp. 26-37; wind: 5-15 mph from
W. Partly cloudy to overcast, ground covered by 4” old snow, river 50 percent ice
covered.

Observers (10) in 4 parties: Mrs. Vincent Beckey, Linda Caldwell, Alan Hahn,
Bill and Tom Kent, Peter C. Petersen (compiler), April and Ernie Sadler, Clark

CHRISTMAS COUNT

19

Scott and Tom Shires.

Details of unusual observations :Yellow*rumped Warbler closely observed and
documented (BK,TK,TS).

Comments; Am. Tree Sparrows very low.

2L NORTH LINN (Open fields, wood and Park lands. River and stream sides
centered on Rogers crossing intersection 2 miles west of Central City) Dec. 27 : 5:30
a m. to 5 p.m. Temp. 0^23; wind: 5-12 mph from N andSE. Clear and snow covered
2 to 10 inches.

Observers (20) in 8 parties: Wilma Boots, Robert Bradley, Norman Byers,
Duane Carr, Gene Goellner, Ruth Goeilner, Linda Gucciardo, Linda Kellar, Bemie
Knight, Cal Knight, Lucille Liljedahl, Brian Nelson, Weir Nelson (compiler),
Elaine Novak, Roberta Oppedahl, Bobbie Shaffer, Rick Snyder, Fred K. Thomp-
son, plus (Mrs. Dudley Deen and Mr, Bill Hall) at feeders.

Other species seen during census period: Long-eared Owl.

2. OAKVILLE (15 mile diameter circle centered 4 miles E. New Boston, 111.)
Dec. 30: 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. Temp. 15-21; wind: 10-15 mph from NW. Overcast, ground
covered by 4-6'’ old snow, river 80 percent ice covered.

Observers (9) in 4 parties: Bill Bertrand, Brad Boyd, Linda Caldwell, Ernie
and Kay Carlson, Lynn McKeown, Peter C. Petersen ( compiler) , Ernie Sadler and
Clark Scott.

Comments: Am. Tree Sparrow count normal in this area.

23. OMAHA, NEBR. ( 15 mile diameter circle with Offutt Air Force Base Lake
as the center including Lake Manawa, floodplain and bluffs on Iowa side of
MissouriRiver, Plattsmouth Refuge and Fontenelle Forest) Dec. 16: 3:30a.m. to5
p.m. Temp. 22-37; wind: 12 mph from West. Mostly sunny with 3-4 inches of snow
cover; lakes and ponds frozen. Missouri River and some streams open.

Observers (43) in U parties: Steve Bellinghiere, Diane Berlett, Reid Boyle,
Tanya Bray, Duane Bright, Hal Chase, Evelyn Conrad, R. G. Cortelyou, James
Delehant, John Dinan, Jim Glather, Donna Gnadt, Marg Graf, Ruth Green, Janet
Greer, Alan and Betty Grenon, Mike Heaney, Thomas Hoffman, Mary Huebner,
Clyde, Emma and Gladys Johnson, Diane Jones, Eunice and JoArme Kawamoto,
Jim and Sandy Kovanda, Marina Meier, Babs and Loren Padelford, Margret
Perry, Neal Ratzlaff, Linda Riner, Harold and Marilyn Rock, Elva Sheard,
Lorraine Shorney, John and Marlene Weber, Melba Wigg (compiler), Gertrude
Wood and Rick Wright.

Details of unusual observatons: Good details submitted.

25. OTTUMWA (A 15 mile diameter circle centered in Ottumwa, Wapello Co.,
Iowa.) Dec. 30: 7 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Temp. 8-11; wind: 15-25 mph from NNW.
Overcast, in the afternoon it started rain turning to freezing rain to snow. Very
littleopen water except part of Des Moines River.

Observers (8) in 4 parties: Blossum Ha 11 berg, Nelson Hoskins (compiler),
Randy Hoskins, Don and Elaine Johnson, Joan Schooley and Madeline and Gary
Wymore.

Details of unusual observations: The Vesper Sparrow was identified by the
white outer tail feathers, sighted by Nelson Hoskins,

Comments: The roads were very slippery which reduced the number of
participatns in the count. We also missed having Charles and Darlene Ayers on the
count this year. Charles is recovering from a light stroke and a heart attack.

26. PRINCETON (15 mile diameter circle, centered at Folletts, same as
previous years.) Dec. 26: 5:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Temp. 8-24; wind: 5-20 mph from NW.
Mostly clear, occasionally overcast with snow flurries. 5” old snow on ground,
river 80 percent ice covered.

20

IOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

0bs6rvers C9) in 3 parti6t; Craig and Linda Caldwell, Elton Fawks, Margaret
Flesher, Peter C. Petersen (compiler), April, Ernie and Sean Sadler, and Clark
Scott.

Comments: Am. Tree Sparrows very low.

27. RATHE UN (A 15 mile diameter circle centered 1 mile south of the mid-
section of Rathbun Lake and including the dam area and the Wildlife Refuge.)
Dec. 16: 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. Temp. 28-35; wind: 10-30 mph from NW. Sunny to partly
cloudy, no snow cover, lake and open water only in center of lake where ducks kept

it open. . ^

Observers (23) in 9 parties: Jack Coffee, Enid Coulter, Bill and Dons Cum-
mings, Catherine Evans, Pearl Evans, Sonny and Earlene Gould, Bill and Marj
Heusinkveldt (compiler), Grace Hill, Nelson and Randy Hoskins, Don and Elaine
Johnson, Tom and Becky Johnson, Kay Malmberg, Maxine Morrow, Elva Neigh-
bour, Bondene Rissler, Charlotte Scott and Gary Wymore.

Details of unusual observations: Osprey - good sighting by several observers,
documented.

28. RED ROCK (15 mile diameter circle centered on the south end of the mile
long bridge (Hwy, 14) - including half of Red Rock Refuge, all of Red Rock Lake
and tailwaters, and Roberts creek park.) Dec. 17: 6:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Temp. 8-
15; wind: 10 mph from NW. Clear to partly couldy, with 1-2 of old snow. Open water

below dam. , ,

Observers (42) in 15 parties: Eugene and Eloise Armstrong, Bob and Virginia
Bell, John Bowles, Gladys Black, Margaret Brooke, Gene and Marilyn Burns,
Herb and Edith Dorow, Barney Cook, Bob Engelmann, Harriet Engelmann, Paul
and Mary Felsing, Bill Gilbert, Denis Goemaat, Paul Johnson, Ann Johnson, Don,
Johnson, Elaine Johnson, Tom Johnson. Becky Johnson, Breck Johnson, Betsy
Lyman, Andy Lyons, Paul Martscheng, Dean and Diane Mosman, Mike Mosman,
Charles Muellar, Maura O’Connor, Lora Reiter, Jon Stravers (compiler), Jim
Sinclair, Dennis Thompson, Rick Trieff, Gary Vale, Ron Warnet, Mary Ellen
Waiters.

29. SHENANDOAH (15 mile diameter circle centered on Farragut to include
Riverton and the Riverton Refuge) Dec. 16: 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. Temp. 19-34; wind: 0-
30 mph from N. NW. Clear, no snow, water and streams partly open.

Observers (12) in 7 parties, plus 1 at feeder: Rebecca Bernthal, Barbara
Cunningham, Mrs. Edwin Getxher, Clifford Moles, Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Phipps,
Ross Silcock, Mrs. Eldon Spears, Dan Varland, Mrs, Edward Vaughn, Mrs.
Donald Walters (compiler), and Mrs. Barbara Wilson.

Other species seen during census period: Short-eared Owl, Red-breasted
Nuthatch and Lapland Longspur.

Comments: Highest count every taken for the area.

30 SIOUX CITY (same as previous years.) Dec. 16: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Temp.
26-35; wind: 10-25 mph from NE. Clear. 4 to 6 Inches of snow on ground. Missouri
River open, other streams frozen.

Observers (14) in 8 parlies: Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Benne, Steve Duecker,
Sam Dunkle, Mr. and Mrs. Alden Erskine, Mr. and Mrs. Larry Farmer, Mr. and
Mrs. Ray Kennedy, Inez Kirkpatrick, Robert Nickoison (compiler), Todd Oetken
and Morgan Webb.

Details of unusual observations: Carolina Wren was observed at a window
feeder by Marge Kennedy at 3536 Stone Park Blvd. in Sioux City* The bird
has been coming to the feeder daily and observed at close range. The bird was also
seen last winter but not during count period.

Other species seen during census period: Com. Goldeneye, Evening Grosbeak
and Pine Siskin.

I

BIRDING AREAS OF IOWA

21

31. SPIRIT LAKE (15 mile diameter circle centered on Spirit Lake) Dec. 16: 8
a.m. to 5 p.m. Temp. 20-30; wind: 18-20 mph from W-N-W. 8 inches snow on leveE

Observers (26) in 6 parties, names not included, Loraine Wallace (compiler).

Comments: This is our first bird count in northwest Iowa in several years and
we feel it was a great success.

32. WAPSIPINICON RIVER VALLEY (Center of Sec. 2 Mayfield Twp.
Bremer Co. Iowa including part of Wapsipinicon River, Sweet Marsh and Park of
Seven Bridges, farmland 50 percent, woodland 50 percent.) Dec. 16: 7 a.m, to 5
p.m. Temp. 22-34; wind: 30 mph from NW. Skies mostly clear snow cover 0-3'^
Wildfood crops good.

Observers (9) in 2 parties, names not listed, Myrle Burk (compiler).

Other species seen during census period: Common Grackle.

Comments: Sharp-shinned Hawk and Short-eared Owl seen only 6 times in 25
Christmas Bird Counts, Mallards not usually seen in this area.

33. WESTFIELD (15 mile diameter circle centered on section 16. Sioux town-
ship, Plymouth County and including Big Sioux River bottoms.) Jan. l: 5:30 a.m.
to 5:30 p.m. Temp. -13-0; wind: 10-25 mph from WNW, Clear to sparse clouds.
0-18 inches snow cover, Big Sioux completely frozen, Broken Kettle Creek 50 per-
cent open water.

Observers (6) in 4 parties, plus 1 at feeders. Carolyn and Lawrence Benne,
Carol and Larry Farmer (compiler) and Pat and Paul Williams.

Other species seen duirng census period: Sharp-shinned Hawk, Northern
Harrier and Am. Robin.

Comments: Meadlow'lark and Mourning Dove numbers high.

34. YELLOW RIVER FOREST (A 15 mile diameter circle centered on NE
corenr S8, T96N, R3W.) Dec. 27: 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Temp. -9-16; wind: 5 mph from
SE. Mostly cloudy; 1-4 inches snow cover; whalers partly open.

Observers (16) in 5 parties: Florence Albright, Francis Arness, Elizabeth
Bottorff, Alan Branhagen, Larry Farmer, Dave and Pearl Howell, Gretchen Jurs,
Darwin Koenig (compiler), Pat and Paul Koenig, Marlene Michel, Andrew and
Dale Nimrod, Arnold Rohm, Joe Schaufenbuel.

Details of unusual observations: Great Blue Heron - large size, blue-gray
color, long legs and bill; observed from 30 yards.

Keokuk and Mahaska Counties

KEITH & IRENE LAYTON
OAKSALOOSA, IOWA

On a recent winter morning we drove some 150 or so miles visiting most of the
County Conservation Board public access areas, ponds, lakes, rivers, parks, etc.,
in both Mahaska and Keokuk Counties. Mahaska County is blessed with three good
birding rivers. The Des Moines River leaves the tailwaters of Red Rock Lake near
the Marion County city of Pella, enters Mahaska near the west center of the county
and flows SE to the south center near Eddyville, It provides wonderful cover and
habitat for everything from Eagles to Bank Swallows, Think of a species, look for it

22

JOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

awhile, and you are almost certain to find it, in proper season of course. North
Skunk River enters Mahaska near the north center of the county, flows SE to the
east center of the county line. It is much smaller, and has been straighened, but
nevertheless flows through areas that are rough and filled with magnificent bird
and wildlife cover. In the center, a medium sized river, South Skunk, flows com-
pletely across the county, entering just south of the IW comer, and leaving to
enter Keokuk County a little south of midpoint. The two then flow nearly due east,
join and become Skunk River near the east side of Keokuk County. All three
streams provide excellent cover and prime habitat for all types of birds and
wildlife. Plenty of small creeks enter the rivers, many areas are too rough and
rolling to be farmed, thus being left as pastureland, brush thickets, virgin stands of
mixed deciduous timber, red cedar, weed thickets, grassy waterways, swampy
sections, mudflats, and so on. By following the rivers, one could expect, in season,
to find practically any species of bird known to inhabit or cross Iowa during
migration.

We observed many American Crows, in direct contrast to the Bums’ ex-
perience in NW Iowa. We observed great flocks, estimated at from 300 to 400, in the
Quercus area, near Eddyville. Good numbers were seen in flocks of 5 to 23
elsewhere on our tour. A very few years ago, a flock of 10 crows was considered
unusual in this area. In the Manhattan Bridge area north of Ollie we observed
flocks of perhaps 100 Homed Larks, feeding along the highway, and especially
around some hog feedlots. We spotted several Red-tailed Hawks, Am. Kestrels,
one Rough-legged Hawk, and many other common birds, typical of the winter
season. Every area that we visited should provide a good cross section of Iowa
birds occuring the proper season. Other comments are included where
appropriate, following the listing that follows:

KEOKUK COUNTY

1. Belva-Deer Recreation Area - Located 5 miles northeast of Sigourney, it
consists of 360 acres, has all facilities, lake, is sued as an outdoor classroom, with
hiking trails, etc. If you can’t find ’em here, don’t bother looking!

2. Bond Hill Park - This 8 acre park is 3 miles north of Richland. Picnicking
and outdoor classroom activities seem to predominate. Toilets are provided,
birding should be rewarding, but limited. The nearby, larger Skunk River should
increase the possibilities.

3. Delta Covered Bridge “ This one acre area is proud to adjoin the historical
landmark, the Delta Covered Bridge, and being on the shoreline of the North
Skunk River, it is blessed with very fine timberland as well as water habitat to
attract blrdlife.

4. Grlffen Park - Apparently created by excavation of materials for the What
Cheer Clay Products Co., of a few years back, it consists of a 2 acre pond and a 5
acre fishing lake, in a 40 acre tract just three-quarters of a mile east of the south
edge of What Cheer. Real good prospects of a fine bird list exist here for the serious
brider who will concentrate on this area and the adjoining cemetery.

5. Manhattan Park - Small, yes, but mighty interesting looking! Only one acre
in size, but endowed with trees galore, a boat ramp, camping area, (be sure to
register), picnicking facilities, and the river accommodates a motor, fishing is ‘not
bad'. Birds of many species should be seen by just settin’ and lookin’.

6. Yen-Ruo-Gls (Sig-Our-Ney ) Park - A great park only 2 miles north of
Sigourney, an 8 acre lake situated in a 76 acre tract. Camping, swimming, pic-
nicking, outdoor classroom, and plenty of birds!

FIELD REPORTS

23

1. Keomah State Park - This is the largest wildlife area at present in Mahaska

County, consists of 365 acres and contains 80 acre Lake Keomah. Birdlife vanes
seasonablly, from lots of ducks and water oriented birds during the spring and fail
migrations, to a great variety of song birds, many of which stay the year around.
Hawks are not rare in the area. Osprey have been sighted, but not recently. All
facilities are offered, it’s a good place to visit, . . .

2. Quercus -- Located along a rugged bluff of the Des Moines River, this heavily
timbered and rugged area is being developed by the recently organized County
Conservation Board. Facilities are limited at this time, hiking trails have been
constructed. Much more is being planned. Birding is excellent, in season. The
Chuck-wills-widow is frequently heard along this bluff. One was banded near here
in 1974 by your writer, they have been seen and heard every year since. This is a
place worth watching develop!

3. Union Mills Access, New Sharon Access, Glendale Access and Cedar Creek
Access - These areas have had some work started by the new conservation people,
much is planned in the line of boating, fishing, camping, picnicking facilities.
All are located on rivers or large streams, with lots of timber, etc. Birding areas
are fine as is, only the comforts of life are limited.

4 Ponds, Bayous, Strip Mine Areas - Many of the places mentioned exist in
most areas of the county, for example the Hull Strip Mine area west of Oskaloosa
and the Barnes City Lake area. A party out ‘birding’ will never be far from
something different and interesting, and likely to turn up that rare one you have
been waiting to see! Good Birding!

Field Reports

WINTER 1978-79

The species marked with ^ are on the National Audubon Blue List (Am. Birds
32:1106, 1978), the Iowa Blue List (I.B.L. 45:95, 1975) and-or on Dean Roosa s list of
endangered, threatened or declining species for Iowa (I.B.L. 46:40, 1976).

General Comments. The early Christmas Bird Counts <CBC) set some
unexpected records because of lingering fall migrants, but in late Decernber
winter closed in with a vengeance. During January up to 2 feet of snow piled up
over the state, and the temperatures averaged 15-20 F below normal. February
brought no relief. This kind of weather is not even for the birds, and obviously

24

IOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

impeded their observation severely. I therefore received relatively few and mostly
short reports, and others did not reach me in time (including documentations for
some outstanding rarities). This reports should be read in conjunction with Dr.
Ross Silcock’s CBC Summary - which also hasn't reached me yet. There are thus
several reasons why this synopsis of a bad winter is unsatisfactory.

Herons through Hawks. Single Gr, Blue Herons lingered into the third week of
December at Boone (fide JD), Iowa City tTK), and along the Mississippi {PP,JS).
A Whistling Swan was found dead at Sweet M. in early December ( JS). As in 1978,
a flock of Canada Geese was spotted flying over Iowa City in early January (TS) . A
Gr. White-fronted Goose near Amana was a surprise on January 6 (CB). Seventy-
thousand Snow Geese were counted in the s.w. corner of the state in December,
along with 14,000 Mallards (RP), and 150 flew over Davenport January 2 (PP).
Among the uncommon lingering ducks were a Com. Pintail and a Blue-winged
Teal on December 16 (RP), and single ^ Canvasbacks along the upper Mississippi
December 5 and 22 (JS). An Am. Black Duck, 4 Com. Pintails and a Redhead were
spotted near Panorama Dam on February 10 (RC). A N. Goshawk was seen on
December 2 and 9 (GEF), but the documentation is not entirely diagnostic. As
usual, some * Sharp-shinned Hawks stayed through the winter, one around our
house being the most faithful (December 23-February 10) (NH); there were? in the
northeast December 5-January 28 ( JS). ^Cooper’s Hawks, in addition to those on
CBCs, include one at Bays Branch, December 23 (RC) and 3 in the northeast,
December 10-February 7 ( JS,DK). The reports concerning Red-tailed Hawks are a
mixed bag: they were numerous in some places (Iowa City, Cherokee, DB), but
outnumbered by Rough-legs in others ( GA) . A sick female ^ Red-shouldered Hawk
was captured on December 13 and taken to the Ledges S.P. Wildlife Station ( JD).
Rough-legged Hawks were "almost common” at Cherokee (DB), and apparently
wid^pread in smaller numbers. A buteo repeatedly observed near the Amanas in
early February was diagnosed as an immature ^Ferruginous Hawk (CB,RH).
(Tolden Eagles include one on the Davenport CBC (December 17, PP), 3 seen in the
northeast (JS,DK), and one in w. Johnson Co., February 11 (MN). Twenty Bald
Eagles at Saylorville in early December were surprising (WB). At Red Rock 3
immatures drowned ( ! ) (fideGB). Commercial fishermen retrieved one. An adult
near Pleasantville was seen feeding on a dead pig in late January (fide GB). The
high count along the Mississippi was 450 at Keokuk on January 18 (fide PP). The
Clinton to Keokuk census on January 28 yielded 302 birds (PP). ^ N. Harriers were
apparent quite spotty in their distribution, with 12 at Badger Creek, 7 of them on
January 17 (GA). A Gyrfalcon seen by Gene Burns in Guthrie Co. (fide GB) must
be considered uncorroborated pending detailed documentation - after all, there
has been only one previous published record from Iowa. ^ Am. Kestrels survived
the winter in the west quite well: 18 were counted in Harrison and Pottawattamie
Counties on February 6-7 (JS).

Gallinaceous Birds through Woodpeckers. A Gr. Prairie Chicken was seen in a
tree near Pisgah, Harrison Co, (February 7, JS,DK, see longer note). Com.
Bobwhites were reported as doing (unexpectedly) well in the northwest (DB), but
were considered to be in trouble at Red Rock (GB), Flocking of Ring-necked
Pheasants was observed in the Lamoni area ( JDG) ; they too were believed to be
stressed (GB). Gray Partridges, a totally unexpected find on the Iowa City CBC,
December 16 (TK et aU, were prospering in more conventional geographic
locations (DB). The high count of Wild Turkeys at the Amanas was 31 on
December 24 (CB). A few Com. Snipe lingered into late December (fide RP, GA),
and 2 as late as January 21 (JS). Mourning Doves braved the horrible winter in
small numbers, and are paying with frozen feet for this mistake (GB) . There were

FIELD REPORTS

25

19 reports of Snowy Owls this winter (fide GB,PP). Several Long-eared Owls were
found in the s.w, corner (RP), one near Booneville (GA), another at Davenport
(PP), and 7 roosts in the Lamoni area (JDG), but none in formerly reliable sites
(GB). Three ^ Short-eared Owls were regulars at Booneville (GA) ; singles were
seen no. of Farragut January 1 (RP) and s.e. of Pleasantville, December 24 ( GB ) .
A Saw^whet Owl at Baxter, Jasper Co., flew into a glass door and is on the mend
(fide GB). Another fared the same way at Davenport, and has recovered (PP).
One was at Sweet M. December ia-21 ( JS). Belted Kingfishers were reported by
several people. They were remarkably numerous in the northeast, where some
streams don’t freeze over even in the coldest winter (JS). A “Red-shafted” Flicker
occurred at Hamburg on December 3 (IG). Com. Flickers were unusually
numerous in the Red Rock area, feeding on cornborers (GB); elsewhere, they
were coming to feeders, A Pileated Woodpecker in Buena Vista Co., December 1,
was a welcome sight that far west (DB), ^ Red headed Woodpeckers were very
scarce. On December 23, Mr. and Mrs. Jay Stravers saw a male Black-backed
Three-toed Woodpecker near Boyden, Sioux Co. ( fide GB ) . Since there is no recent
record of this species in the state, documentation is eagerly aw-aited.

Passerines. Several correspondents remarked on the abundance of Horned
Larks. Technically a fall observation, but still noteworthy, is the presence of 2
Boreal Chickadees at an Osage feeder November 23-25 (AW). The description is
convincing. One or 2 Red-breasted Nuthatches were seen, some of them with
considerable regularity, at Iowa City (Fred Kent), Davenport (PP), Des Moines
(WB,HZ) and Shenandoah (fide RP); 6 were found in the northeast (JS). Brown
Thrashers frequented feeders in Bettendorf (PP) and December 29-February 3 in
Tipton (fide GB). Wintering Am. Robins were reported from Cherokee (DB),
Davenport (PP), and Johnson Co. (MN). A Hermit Thrush (other than the one on
the CBC) was observed in Iowa City on December 17 ( RD) , A Townsend’s Solitaire
showed up once again in Glendale Cemetery, Des Moines (December 22, DM) and
was seen by several out-of-town visitors; another was documented for Sheldon,
O’Brien Co., February 3 (JV). I am aware of a total of 5 Bohemian Waxwing
sightings (Cherokee (DB); Laurens, Pocahantas Co. (fide GB); Allamakee Co.,
January 27 (JS), and Iowa City, February 13 (CN)). Cedar Waxwings occurred
irregularly, with flocks of over 60 at Jester Park, Des Moines ( HLZ) and Cherokee
(DB). They descended on downtown Iowa City on February II (MN), and by the
13th an estimated 500 were present (NH). For the third winter in a row, N. Shrikes
were seen by several people in different places (near Booneville, December 7
(GA), s. of Red Rock L., December 26 (NH et al), n. of Swan L., Johnson Co.,
December 30 and Williams Prairie, February 10 (TK). In the northeast, where
they are regular winter visitors, 20 were counted ( JS,DK). Loggerhead Shrikes
were observed near Pleasantville (date? GB) and Shenandoah (February 3, RP;.
One was a regular at a feeder (DMs). Meadlowlarks were few, but some wintered
as far northwest as Pocahontas (CS). As usual, blackbird roost of moderate size
were in evidence along the Mississippi (PP). Red-wing flocks were also seen near
the Amanasin February (MN,TK). More unusual were 4 Rusty Blackbirds at feed-
ing Statons in Calhoun Co. (RC). An imm. Black-headed Grosbeak in early Decem-
ber frequented a Cedar Rapids feeder, and was said to have been seen by several
experienced local birders (fide GB). That only rumors reached us a mere 27 miles
to the south, and after the fact at that, illustrates how inefficient the Iowa "hot
line” still is. Without documentation, this too will have to be classified as an un-
corroborated report. Evening Grosbeaks were reported to Gladys Black from 15
counties (as opposed to 60 last year). Purple Finches were much more common,

26

fOWA BIRD LIFE - XUX, 1979

but only the 77 banded (RP) and the 146 in Allamakee Co. (JS,DK) are a
remarkable number. A total of 8 Com. Redpoll reports (GB,PP) is in stark con-
trast to the 1977-78 invasion, A total of 3 were at feeders December 15-January 7
and January 26-28 (DB). Pine Siskins were sporadic, with Ruth Phipps reporting
“many”; they were very numerous in Davenport (PP). Am. Goldfinches were
common statewide. The only crossbills mentioned were a flock of White-winged at
Burlington in December (Jane Fuller fide GB). Of 9 wintering Rufous-sided
Towhees reported, 7 were “spotted” (GB), as was the one at the feeder since
January 13 CIG) , Am. Tree Sparrows were few in most of Iowa, but abundant at
Shenandoah (RP). Field Sparrows on CBCs (Iowa City, Muscatine, RD,TK et al.)
were noteworthy, as were wintering Harris’s Sparrows at feeders in the northwest
<CS,DB) and nearPleasantville (GB). Twenty-six White-crowned Sparrows at the
same feeder (GB ) are certainly an unusual news item ; so is the Lincoln’s Sparrow
banded at Shenandoah on January 27 (RP). Lapland Longspurs were few (JD),
except at Muscatine on December 23 (fide PP), but heavy concentrations of Snow
Buntings (up to 500+) were seen in the n.w. quadrant of the state from early
December on (CS,DB,GA), especially during blizzards (GA), and in the northeast
(JS).

Contributors. Gene Armstrong, Booneville; Carl Bendorf, Iowa City; Dick
Bierman, Cherokee; Gladys Black, Pleasantville; Woodward Brown, Des Moines;
Rich DeCoster, Chicago, 111.; Raymond Cummins, Pocahontas; James Dinsmore,
Ames; G. Edgar Folk, Iowa City; lone Getscher, Hamburg; J. Donald Giilaspey,
Lamoni; Nicholas Halmi, Iowa City; Rick Hollis, Iowa City; Thomas Kent, Iowa
City; Darwin Koenig, Decorah ; Dick Mooney, Des Moines; Dean Mosman (DMs),
Elkhart; Mike and Carol Newdon, Iowa City; Peter Petersen, Davenport; Ruth
Phipps, Shenandoah; Joe Schaufenbuel, St. Lucas; Conrad Schlemmer,
Pocahontas; Tom Staudt, Iowa City; John Van Dyk, Sioux Center; Andy WoUfries,
Osage; Hank and Linda Zaletel, Ames. N.S. HALMI, R. 6, IOWA CITY, 52240.

Reminder: In order to be included in the spring report, communications
MUST reach me by June 8. N.H.

General Notes

Greater Prairie Chicken in Harrison County - On 7 February 1979 near Pisgah,
Harrison Co., Darwin Koenig and I discovered a Greater Prairie Chicken (Tym-
panuchus cupldo) feeding in a Box Elder tree. The bird was first observed by
Koenig when he became suspicious of a grouse- like bird perched in a roadside tree.
At that time we were headed south on 183, south of Pisgah. Koenig, who was
driving, immediately slowed down and backed onto the shoulder to the point he had
seen the bird. I had not yet located the Greater Prairie Chicken but Darwin wasted
no time in giving the proper identification, When I finally had found it I was
satisfied with a glance of the distinct barring of the underparts (barring on the
underparts distinguishes the two prairie chicken species from all other open
country gallinaceous birds ) . We soon put the telescope on the bird and recorded the
following marks and impressions. A chicken-like bird with a short, rounded tail,
and body size of a female Ring-necked Pheasant. Bill was dark, eye color was a
sandy brown and feet were described as light brownish. The upperparts were
darker than below with dark brown barring on the breast, belly and sides. The
head and throat were huffy with distinct darker eye-ring, malar stripe, and crown.
The tail when seen in flight was dark, short and rounded. The long neck feathers
were seen, and were light brown striped with dark brown and black. When flushed
the typical pheasant flap-glide pattern of flight was noted, however the prairie

GENERAL NOTES

27

chicken seemed to have longer wings, and with each flap of the wings there occurs
a peculiar habit of rolling of the body. Lesser Prairie Chickens (which has never
been known to occur in Iowa) are smaller, paler and rare even in its restricted
range. Our bird was dark and with distinct darker barring. The bird was seen in
good light at distances within 25 feet, from 3:20 to 3:45 p.m. Location of sighting
was the n.w. part of section 34, Jackson Township. Woodward H. Brown’s An-
notated List states that Greater Prairie Chickens are no longer found in Iowa,
however all surrounding states have breeding populations, some states even have
hunting seasons, and it is thought the bird we found wandered in from these states,
most likely Nebraska. - JOSEPH SCHAUFENBUEL, St. Lucas.

Northern Shrikes in Iowa - For the third straight winter numbers of Northern
Shrikes (Lanius excubltor) have been found in northeast Iowa. Since this species is
considered a scarce and normally rare winter resident in the state I became in-
terested in keeping records on habitat preference, plumage, behavior, prey and
numbers. I have found that Northern Shrikes are very much like hawk species, in
that they form territories which they likely defend and occupy for long periods,
perhaps all winter or until the prey becomes scarce in that particular area. My
records show that this is the case, as several shrikes have been found on a regular
basis on a perch they seem to prefer time and time again, some appear for months
and some year after year (one such shrike has been found in its favorite area in
Allamakee Co. for 3 years 1976-78, of course I can not prove it is the same bird but
chances are it is). Only two constant factors seem to attract shrikes, one being
prey (small birds and mice), the other being some device to hold prey while the
shrike tears muscle from the bone, such a device is usually a thorny bush or a fork
in a tree branch, in which it lodges the head of the victim. 1 have records of shirke
prey, and all were small birds (a junco, a longspur and one unidentified small
passerine). According to this the Northern Shrike prefers avian prey and this may
answer why n.e. Iowa with so much attractive habitat for small birds draws this
predator. As for identification of Northern vs. Loggerhead Shrike I have found the
best marks to be that the Northern has a large hooked bill, large head, large white
patch on rump and much white in lores, eyeline and at base of upper-part of bill.
The Loggerhead has a stubbier bill, and darker around bill and also a gray rump.
Since the decline of the Loggerhead Shrike and the fact that it usually leaves the
state in winter it seems that most shrikes that occur in winter in the northern half
of Iowa are more apt to be Northern Shrikes. Indeed I have never found a
Loggerhead Shirke in my area but have found Northern Shrikes as far south as
Harrison Co. No, of Northern Shriks found in counties and dates seen during period
Dec. 1, 1978 to Feb. 10, 1979: Allamakee- 5, Dec. 13 to Jan. 27; Cherokee- 1, Jan. 8;
Fayette - 2, Dec. 18 to Jan. 8; Harrison - 2, Feb. 7; Winneshie - 8, Dec. 2 to Feb.
10; Woodbury - 2, Feb. 8. Other shrike seen during the period in counties as far
south as Pottawattamie were strongly suspected to be Northern but were seen to
briefly or at such distances as to make the sighting unreliable. The total of shrikes
found in northeast Iowa stands at 15, with 5 more in western Iowa, for a grand total
of 20. I wish to thank Darwin Koenig for his help in identification, mapping, and
locating of shrikes. - JOSEPH SCHAUFENBUEL, St. Lucas.

Acadian Flycatcher and Verry Nests - The Acadian Flycatcher and the Veery
are considered rare breeding birds in Iowa (Brown, 1971, Iowa State Jour. Sci.
45:387-469). As there are few recent nesting records of either species, the following
observations may be of interest.

28

IOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

Acadian Flycatcher

During June, 1977 1 found ten active nests of the Acadian Flycatcher at various
locations in Allamakee, Dubuque, and Fayette Counties. Six of the nest sites were
on steeply sloping wooded hillsides; two of the nests were placed at the ends of
branches overhanging ravines and four were on branches overhanging woodland
trails, The remaining four nests were on branches overhanging small woodland
streams. The following table gives the tree species in which the nests were found,
nest height, number of eggs, and nest success.

Nest

No.

Nest

Tree Species

Height (ft)

Eggs

Success

Sugar Maple

15

unknown

unknown

(Acer saccharum)

7

2

unsuccessful

10

1; later 1 young

unknown

71/2

unknown

unknown

Am, Hornbeam

81/2

unknown

unknown

(Carpinus caroliniana)

61/2

1

unsOccessful

Black WiJlow'
(Salix nigra)

8

3

unknown

Staghorn Sumac
(Rhus typhina)

41/2

1

unknown

Am, Elm

(Ulmus americana)

13

1

unknown

Witch-Hazel

(Hamamelis virginiana)

7

3; laler 1 young

unknown

Veery

On June 15, 1977, while birding in the Brush Creek Canyon State Preserve,
Fayette County, I flushed a Veery from its nest . The nest contained two eggs of the
Veery and one cowbird egg. It w'as attached to a branch of a fallen elm tree, L6 feel
above the ground, around which a dense stand of nettles (Urtica, sp.) had grown.
The nest site was at the foot of a steep hillside, at the junction of the hillside and the
floor of a narrow stream valley. Sugar Maple and Am. Elm dominated the over-
story and Prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) dominated the understory
near the nest. DARWIN KOENIG, R. R. 4, Decorah.

A Field Guide to the Nests, Eggs and Nestlings of North American Birds -
Colin Harrison -- Wm. Collins Publishers, Inc. 208 W. 117th St., Cleveland, Ohio -
416 p,, 16 color plates, 48 plates of color photographs, many line drawings - 1978 --
$11.95.

Finally we have a comprehensive guide describing and illustrating the eggs
and identifyable nestlings of North American birds. The color photographs of eggs
show variety within species when it occurs. Many nests are illustrated by line
drawings. Hal Harrison’s guide (IBL Vol. 45, p. 99) provides illustratons of more

BOOK REVIEWS

29

nests but empty nests are still hard to identify positively. The text details nest
habitat, nest-site, breeding season, eggs, incubation, nestlings and nestling period.
Breeding range is not included but a key is included for nest identification.

The guide is bound in a field guide size. Banders might find it useful if they
work with nestlings. The book carries warnings against egg collecting and hope-
fully readers will use caution when around nests and nestlings, ed.

Vanishing Birds, Their Natural History and Conservation - Tim Hailiday --
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York -- 296 p., 16 color plates, 46 line drawings
and 9 maps -- 1978 - $16.95.

The author appraoches his subject with an examination of the ways in which
birds evolved in an effort to show the susceptibility of some species to human in-
fluences. The histories of some classic extinctions are discussed in detail. The bulk
of the text covers some regions of the world indicating past and current species in
trouble. The survey is confined to the more temperate areas and some islands,
thereby ignoring the tropical regions where human population pressure is such a
great threat to many species. Some suggestions for conservation close out the
book, a creditable but incomplete effort, ed.

Endangered Birds, Management Techniques for Preserving Threatened
Species - Stanley A. Temple, ed. - U. of Wisconsin Press, Madison -- 466 p,, 31
black-and-white photographs, many charts and tables -- 1976 - $9.50,

Judging by the titles, this book and the one covered in the prevous review
might seem quite similar. However, they are not at all alike and are aimed at
different audiences. The preceding review covered a book intended for the general
reader. This collection of 51 papers from a symposium on endangered birds con-
tains very specific data on individual populations of many species. The papers are
grouped in nine parts plus a summary. They cover endangered bird problems and
the concept of managing threatened species, increasing reproductive effort and
success by reducing nest-site limitation, alleviating problems of competition,
predation, parasitism and disease, supplemental feeding and manipulation of
feeding ecology, manipulating aspects of nesting biology, captive breeding of
endangered birds, genetic aspects of managing dwindling bird populations,
reintroducing endangered birds into the wild and integrated appraoches to
management of endangered birds, ed.

Birds in Peril - John P. S. Mackenzie -- Pagurian Press, E. P. Dutton and Co.,
New York - 192 p., 20 color plates, many line drawings - 1977 - paperbound, $7.95.

This book parallels the two reviewed above. It covers twenty species and
subspecies of U. S. birds that are endangered. Each of these is illustrated by a full
page color plate by T. M. Shortt. The twenty birds covered are described, their
history, decline, recovery and life cycle detailed and the future prospects
discussed. Although limited to U. S. birds it is a complete coverage and is
recommended over Vanishing Birds, ed.

Working Bibliography of Owls of the World — Richard J. Clark, Dwight G.
Smith, and Leon H. Kelso - National Wildlife Federation, Washington, D.C. - 336
p, ~ 1978 - $9.00.

The result of eleven years of effort this bibliography will be welcomed by
researchers and serious students alike. In addition to the long master list of
citations it included cross reference by genus, geographic location and category of
information. Common names of owls are provided in over 60 languages. Current
taxonomy and distributional status round out the work. Since this is the first
volume of the National Wildlife Federations’s Scientific-Technical Series, one can
only hope the high quality will be maintained, ed.

30

IOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

The Complete Outfitting and Source Book of Bird Watching - Michael Scofield
-The Great Outdoors Trading Co., 24759 Shoreline Highway, Marshall, California -
* 192 p., many black-and-white photographs -- 1978 paperbound - $6.95.

Using the word "complete” in the title is risky. This book, like many other
recent books, breaks new ground. The chapter titles give you an idea of what is
covered: history, basic equipment, publicatons, clubs, best bet birding spots,
tours, museums, zoos, bird attracting, state birds, rare bird alerts, checklist of U.
S. and Canadian birds, and a glossary of bird watching terms. The better sections
are history, basic equipment and publicatons. The club list is very spotty, refer to
Rickerts book (IBL VoL 48, p. 144). The best bet birding spots is just a list of
National Monuments and Parks and Wildlife Refuges with a few sanctuaries. It
even has a Grat Smoky Mts. N.P, under South Dakota. The museum and zoo list is
so incomplete it can not be relied upon at all. A major drawback is many items of a
similar nature are listed but not advice is given as to which might be the best.
Since prices change rapidly today they are not included but can be obtained from
the publisher. Look the book over before purchase, it might be useful to your needs,
ed.

Birds of the Superior National Forest ^ Janet C. Green, Gerald J, Niemi and
Karl P. Siderits - U. S. Forest Service, Box 338, Federal Bldg., Duluth, Minn. 55801
- 82 p. , many line drawings and photographs - 1978 - paperbound, free.

This little book provides a nice introduction to the bird communities and
species found in Superior National Forest. The primary and secondary breeding
species are listed for each ecological community and the communities are
illustrated by photographs. The annotated list includes abundance rates for
summer and winter residnets, breeding habitat and migration times, specific
birding areas are also included. Since the book is free it is certainly well worth the
effort of obtaining, ed.

Wild Birds of the Americas - T. M. Shortt - Pagurian Press, E. P. Dutton and
Co., New York - 272 p., 67 color plates and 110 line drawings - 1977 - paperbound -
$8.95.

Shortt has travelled widely in North and South America during the course of
his forty-seven year career as a field artist and ornithologist. He gives the reader
portraits of representatives of bird families of the Americas. The text accounts
combine general background information with notes and observations from field
experiences. Interestingly written text and well reproduced sketches and paintings
combine to provide a well rounded book with wide interest, ed.

Songbirds - Don Earnest - Time-Life Television, New York (see next page) -
128 p., many color photographs -- 1978 - $8,95.

Again the "Wild, Wild World of Animals” series (IBL Vol. 47 p. 71, Vol. 48, p. 55)
has produced an excellent volume devoted to birds. Covering thrushes, warblers,
blackbirds, tanagers, finches, flycatchers, tits, wrens, weavers and swallows, the
photography is up to the high standard of the previous offerings. The text includes
the work of Elliott Coues, John Burroughs and Carl Sandburg. The treatment
covers birds from throughout the world.

Two other new titles in this series also relate to birds. Kangeroos and Other
Creatures from Down Under includes 18 pages on birds. Alex Chisholm’s verbal
description of the display and vocalization of the Supurb Lyrebird is included.
Anaimal Defenses uses avian examples of protective coloration, especially the
ptarmigan, and protective nesting with terns nesting within a gull colony.
Although the text is brief in these books the layout, use of photographs and final
result is excellent, ed.

BOOK REVIEWS

31

Birds of the Southwest Pacific -- Enst Mayr -- Charles C. Tuttle Co., Rutland,
Vermont -- 316 p., 3 color plates, many line drawings, one map - 1978 -
paperbound, $5.75,

First published in 1945, this long out-of-print guide is still about the only source
of identification and information for some of the islands. Much of the identification
data is in key form and only 39 species are illustrated in color. The distribution
information is still reasonably accurate. The color plates are very dull and
washed-out compared to the original edition. The price is reasonable and if you are
planning to be in this area it is well worth purchasing, ed.

Enjoying Birds in Indiana - Alfred Starling - Indiana University Press,
Bloomington - 328 p., many line drawings - 1978 - $17.50.

This is a series of short essays on 122 species in a monthly sequence. It is aimed
at the novice birder and supplements field guides. Most lowans won't benefit from
this rather expensive item, but those with acquaintances in Indiana that are
fledgling birders may wish to use it as a gift. ed.

Life in Zoos and Preserves - Charles Osborn, Ed. - Tim Life Books, dist. by
Little, Brown and Co., 34 Beacon St., Boston - 128 p., over 100 color photographs -
1978 - $7.95.

Another volume in the Wild, Wild World of Aniamls series, this one is well
illustrated and produced. Using excerpts from several books the editors present a
picture of the efforts to protect and maintain endangered species. It deals with all
species but stresses bird and mammals. The book, and the entire series, is highly
recommended for secondary school and college libraries, ed.

Ducks, Geese and Swans of the World -- Paul A. Johnsgard - University of
Nebraska Press, Lincoln - 404 p., 59 color photographs, 132 maps and 150 line
drawings - 1978 -- $35.00.

Johnsgard has produced a temendous volume of material on waterfowl. In
addition to writing he also illustrates his work with excellent line drawings. The
two previous monographs, one covering ducks and the other all waterfowl,
both required four volumes. This book condenses much data covering about 159
species in a single volume. The species coverage includes vernacular names in
several languages, scientific names, distribution of subspecies, weights and
measurements, identification for both sexes and various ages, habits, foods, social
behavior, and reproductive biology. It is a well done coverage of an important
order and will prove a valuable reference, ed.

Btrding News Survey- Avian Publications Inc., P. O. Box 310, Elizabethtown,
Ky . 42701 - 28-38 p., per issue, quarterly - $5.00 per year.

This new quarterly journal reprints articles from state and regional
publications which should be of interest to birders. The first two issues have
featured articles dealing with identification, field techniques, photography,
habitat conservation, attracting birds, bird finding, bird alerts, birding vacations,
club ideas, publications, and selected ornithological events. The journal is well
done and is worth the consideration of serious birders, ed.

Bird Watcher^s Digest - P. O. Box 110, Marietta, Ohio 45750 - 96 p., bimonthly •
- $7.50 per year.

The second new journal which was initiated last fall also reprints articles but
from newspapers and general natural history magazines. As one would expect
these are more general articles and written more for the general reader than the
avid birder. The articles seem accurate and do relate to interesting subjects. The
publishers, Bill and Elsa Thompson, were residents of Pella for many years. The
journal fills a void and doubtless will be welcomed by many birders, ed.

32

IOWA BIRD LIFE - XLIX, 1979

The Ring-necked Pheasant In Iowa - Alien L. Farris, Eugene 0* Klouglan, and
Richard C. Nomsen - Iowa Conservation Commission, Des Moines - 154 p., one
color plate, many color and black-and-white photographs, maps, charts and tables
1977 - $3.00.

This book is perhaps of more interest to Iowa Hunters than Iowa birders,
but there is much data here for the birder. The book presents some general
background on pheasants and their introduction. A capsulized life hisotry is in-
cluded as well as population figures over recent years. Winter feeding is discussed
as well as stocking, land management, and hunting. The book is intended for the
hunter and general reader and publicatons such as this should be encouraged by
anyone interested in iowa birds. ~ ed.

The first Iowa Nongame Support Certificate features a male N.
Cardinal photographed by Commission photographer Ken Formanek,
Each of the 5,000 prints will be individually numbered. Revenue from the
sale of these collectors’ items will be used specifically to enhance
Iowa’s nongame species. They are available now and can be purchased
for $5 each from the Iowa Conservation Commission, Wallace Building,
Des Moines, Iowa 50319,

Cover

The 1979 covers of Iowa Bird Life are graced by a likeness of the Bald Eagle,
the work of Erwin A. Stock of Bettendorf. Presently employed by Martek Com-
munications, Mr. Stock was the winner of the “Best of Show” Award at the 1978
Ducks Unlimited Midwest Wildlife Art Show and has his work in collections in
eleven states and three foreign countries, ed.