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THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL 


Iowa  Year  Book  of  Agriculture 


Issued  by  the 


Iowa  Department  of  Agriculture 


1912 


LIBRARY 

-^->_  NEWYOPK 

BOTANJC.  X 


DES  MOINES 

ROBERT  HENDKESON,  STATE  PRINTER 
JOHN  M.  JAMIESON,  STATE  BINDER 


XT 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL 


Office  of  Iowa  State  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Des  Moines,  Iowa,  July  1,  1913. 

To  Bis  Excellency,  George  W.  Clarke,  Governor  of  lowai: 

SiR: — I   have   the   honor  to   transmit   herewith   the   Thirteenth 
Annual  Iowa  Year  Book  of  Agriculture  for  the  year  1912. 

Arthur  R.  Corey, 
Secretary  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 


INTRODUCTORY 


The  1912  Iowa  Year  Book  of  Agriculture,  presented  herewith,  is 
made  up  of  fifteen  parts. 

Part  I  is  a  reprint  of  the  annual  report  of  the  Iowa  Weather 
and  Crop  Service  for  the  year  1912.  It  contains  a  summary  and 
monthly  review  of  the  climatology  for  the  year;  a  review  of  crop 
conditions  by  months ;  dates  of  last  killing  frost  in  spring,  and  first 
in  autumn ;  climate  and  crop  review  during  crop  season ;  summary 
of  weekly  climate  and  crop  bulletins  issued;  summary  of  crop  re- 
ports June  1,  July  1,  September  1  and  December  1;  a  tabulated 
crop  summary  showing  production  and  value  of  soil  products  and 
a  table  giving  average  yield  per  acre  and  total  products  by  counties. 
Part  II  presents  statistical  tables  of  Iowa's  principal  farm  crops 
for  the  years  1880-1885-1890  and  1896  to  1912  inclusive,  showing 
average  yield  per  acre;  total  yield,  average  farm  value  December 
1,  total  acreage,  and  total  value;  acreage,  production  and  value  of 
the  principal  farm  crops  of  the  United  States  in  1909-1910-1911 
and  1912  by  states;  estimated  number  and  average  price  and  total 
value  of  farm  animals  in  the  United  States  January  1,  1913,  with 
comparisons ;  statistics  of  the  principal  farm  crops  of  the  world  for 
the  years  1908  to  1912  inclusive. 

Part  III  is  a  tabulation  of  crop  statistics  collected  by  the  town- 
ship assessors  and  reported  to  this  department  by  the  county  au- 
ditors.   The  data  is  presented  in  five  tables  as  follows: 

Table  No.  1 — Total  number,  average  size  and  total  acreage  of 
farms,  total  acreage  occupied  by  farnl  buildings,  public  highways 
and  feed  lots,  acreage  in  pasture,  garden,  orchard,  acreage  in  crops 
not  otherwise  enumerated  and  acreage  of  land  not  utilized  for  any 
purpose.  Total  number  bushels  apples  harvested,  number  silos  on 
farms  and  average  monthly  wage  paid  farm  help  during  summer 
and  winter  months,  by  counties  for  the  year  1912. 
Table  No.  2 — Gives  acreage,  yield  per  acre  and  total  yield  of  com, 

J3^  oats,  winter  wheat,  spring  wheat  and  barley,  by  counties  for  the 

^  year  1912. 

C5      Table  No.  3 — Gives  acreage,  yield  per  acre  and  total  yield  of  rye, 

0">  tame  hay,  wild  hay,  alfalfa,  potatoes  and  flax  seed,  by  counties,  for 

^  the  year  1912. 


vi  INTRODUCTORY 

Table  No.  4 — Gives  number  of  horses  all  ages,  mules  all  ages, 
January  1,  1913,  number  of  swine  on  farms  July  1,  1912.  Number 
of  dairy  cows  kept  for  milk,  number  other  cattle  not  kept  for  milk, 
and  total  number  of  cattle  all  ages  January  1,  1913.  Number  of 
sheep. kept  on  farms,  number  shipped  in  for  feeding  and  number 
sold  for  slaughter.  Number  pounds  of  wool  clipped,  total  number 
all  varieties  poultry  on  farms  July  1,  1912,  and  estimated  number 
dozen  eggs  gathered  for  the  year  1912. 

Table  No.  5 — Acreage  in  sweet  corn,  tons  gathered  for  canning; 
total  acreage  pop  corn,  and  yield  in  bushels  and  total  acreage  and 
yield  in  bushels  for  clover  and  timothy  seed,  by  counties  for  the 
year  1912. 

Part  IV.  Proceedings  of  the  ninth  annual  meeting  of  the  Corn 
Belt  Meat  Producers'  Association. 

Part  V.  Proceedings  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  State  Farmers ' 
Institute. 

Part  VI.  Synopsis  of  the  proceedings  of  the  State  Board  of 
Agriculture  and  committee  meetings  of  1911  and  1912. 

Part  VII.  Proceedings  of  the  State  Agricultural  Convention,  in- 
cluding President's  address  and  reports  of  the  secretary  and  treas- 
urer, financial  statement  of  farmers'  institutes,  financial  statement 
and  statistics  of  county  and  district  fairs 'and  a  complete  report 
of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  and  Exposition  for  1912  with  detailed  state- 
ment of  receipts  and  disbursements  of  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture for  the  fiscal  year  ending  November  30,  1912. 

Part  VIII.  Proceedings  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Iowa  Swine 
Breeders'  Association  held  at  Ames,  June  11,  1912. 

Part  IX.  Proceedings  of  the  35th  annual  convention  of  the  Iowa 
State  Dairy  Association  held  at  Waterloo,  October  14-19,  1912. 

Part  X.  Contains  extracts  from  the  State  Dairy  Commissioner's 
report  for  1912. 

Part  XI.  Extracts  from  the  State  Veterinary  Surgeon's  report 
for  the  period  ending  June  30,  1912. 

Part  XII.  Contains  papers  on  live  stock,  agricultural  and  mis- 
cellaneous topics  and  papers  read  before  county  institutes. 

Part  XIII.  Press  reports  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  and  Exposition 
for  1912;  official  report  of  awards  in  the  live  stock  departments 
and  the  standing  and  scores  made  in  the  boys'  judging  contest. 


INTRODUCTORY  vii 

Part  XIV.  Condensed  report  of  agricultural  conditions  in  Iowa 
counties  by  county  and  district  agricultural  societies  and  special 
reporters  for  the  year  1912. 

Part  XV.  Directory  of  associations  and  organizations  represent- 
ing agricultural  interests  in  Iowa. 

Note:  A  complete  report  of  the  Stallion  Registration  Division, 
including  directory  giving  name  and  address  of  owner,  name  and 
breed  of  stallion,  and  number  of  state  certificate  issued,  and  other 
information  relative  to  the  division  is  published  in  pamphlet  form. 


STATE  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE 
1913 


EX-OPFICIO  MEMBERS. 

Governor  of  State Des  Moines 

President  of  loiva  State  College Ames 

State  Dairy  Commissioner  Des  Moines 

State  Veterinarian Des  Moines 

OFFICERS. 

C.  E.  Cameron,  President Alta 

O.  A.  Olson,  Vice  President Forest  City 

A.  R.  Corey,  Secretary Des  Moines 

G.  S.  GiLBERTsoN,  Trcasurcr Des  Moines 

DISTRICT  MEMBERS. 

First  District — R.  S.  Johnston Columbus  Junction 

Second  District — C.  W.  Phillips Maquoketa 

Third  District — Elmer  M.  Reeves Waverly 

Fourth  District — E.  J.  Curtin Decorah 

Fifth  District— E.  M.  Wentworth State  Center 

Sixth  District— T.  C.  Legoe What  Cheer 

Seventh  District — Chas.  F.  Curtiss Ames 

Eighth  District — Frank  E.  Sheldon Mount  Ayr 

Ninth  District — John  F.  Summers Malvern 

Tenth  District — John  P.  Mullen Fonda 

Eleventh  District— U.  L.  Pike Whiting 


The  President,  Vice  President,  Secretary  and  Treasurer  are  elected  for 
one  year. 


Terms  of  Directors  from  odd-numbered  Districts  expire  second  Wednesday 
in    December,    1913.      Terms    of    Directors    from    even- 
numbered  Districts  expire  second  Wednesday 
in  December,  1914. 


COMMITTEES 

YEAR  1913 


EXECUTIVE. 

C.  E.  CAMERON A.  R.  COREY 

0.  A.  OLSON. 

AUDITING. 

C.  W.  PHILLIPS R.  S.  JOHNSTON 

T.  C.  LEGOE. 

RESOLUTIONS. 

E.  M.  WENTWORTH F.  E.  SHELDON 

E.  J.  CURTIN. 

POWERS    AND   DUTIES    OF  BOARD. 

C.  E.  CAMERON A.  R.  COREY 

O.  A.  OLSON. 
E.  M.  REEVES.  C.  F.  CURTISS 

ADULTERATION    OF    FOODS,    SEEDS    AND    OTHER   PRODUCTS. 

R.    A.    PEARSON W.    B.    BARNEY 

E.  M.  WENTWORTH 

NOXIOUS    WEEDS,    FUNGUS    DISEASES    IN    GRAINS,    GRASSES,    PLANTS,    ETC. 

E.   M.  REEVES JOHN  P.   MULLEN 

J.  F.  SUMMERS 

DAIRYING    AND    DAIRY    PRODUCTS. 

W.   B.  BARNEY J.   F.   SUMMERS 

C.  F.  CURTISS 

ANIMAL   INDUSTRY. 

C.  F.  CURTISS J.  I.  GIBSON 

H.  L.  PIKE 

LEGISLATIVE. 

C.  E.  CAMERON A.  R.  COREY 

0.  A.  OLSON 
J.  P.  MULLEN  E.  J.  CURTIN 

REVISION    OF    PREMIUM    LIST,    RULES    AND    REGULATIONS. 

C.  E.  CAMERON A.  R.  COREY 

O.  A.  OLSON; 
R.  S.  JOHNSTON  C.  F.  CURTISS 

H.  L.  PIKE 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


Administration   Building    214 

Alfalfa  652,  654,  656,  657, 

658,  660,  661,  662,  664,  666,   668,  670,  671,  673',  674,  676,  678,   679, 
682,  685,  686,  687,   688,  6S0,  691,  692,  694,  695,  696,  698,  703,  705,  706 

Angus  cow  823 

Angus  bull   , ; 747 

Animals  afflicted  with  tuberculosis 567,  568,  569,  570,  571,  572,  573,  574 

Boys'  Camp  at  the  1912  Iowa  State  Fair 444 

Brown  Swiss  cow 837 

Champion  Berkshires 466 

Champion  Hampshire  pen   466 

Chester  White  boar   848 

Count  Avon 118 

Crop  maps   104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112 

Duroc  sow 845 

Farm  team 800 

Guernsey  cow  and  twin  calves 554 

Hereford  bull 820 

Hereford  cow 772 

Holstein  bull 833 

Interior  view  Agricultural  Building  at  1912  Iowa  State  Fair 311 

Interior  Live  Stock  Pavilion  Iowa  State  Fair 600 

Jersey  bull   833 

Map   of  Iowa   showing  location  of  creameries,   cheese  factories   and 

condenseries    553 

Oxfords,  first  get  of  sire 756 

Polled  Durham  bull  and  cow 827 

Precipitation  chart 24 

Percheron  mare 790 

Red  Polled  bull 724 

Sanitary  and  insanitary  milk 540 

Shire  yearling 795 

Short-horn  bull 721 

Short-horn  heifer 815 

Shropshire  ewe 859 

Silos  in  Iowa,  map  indicating  location 630 

View  of  one  portion  Iowa  State  Fair  Grounds 3'0'2 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


Letter  of  Transmittal. 

Introductory. 

State  Board  of  Agriculture. 

Standing  Committees. 

Index  to  Illustrations. 

PART   I. 

Report  of  Iowa  Weather  and  Crop  Service,  1912 1-48 

PART   II. 

Statistical  tables  of  Iowa's  principal  farm  crops  for  the  last  thirty- 
three  years;  farm  crops  and  live  stock  statistics  of  the  United 
States,  by  states,  for  1912;  total  farm  crops  of  the  world  for  the 
years  1908  to  1912  inclusive  49-  92 

PART    III. 

Crop  and  other  farm  statistics  for  the  year  1912  gathered  by  town- 
ship assessors  and  reported  to  the  department  by  county  audi- 
tors; also  crop  maps  showing  the  distribution,  total  and  average 
yield  of  the  principal  crops  for  each  county 93-118 

PART  IV. 

Proceedings  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Corn  Belt  Meat  Producers 

Association   119-214 

PART   V. 

Proceedings  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  State  Farmers  Institute, 

December  10,  1912 ■ 215-236 

PART  VI. 

Synopsis   of   Proceedings   of  the   State   Board   of  Agriculture  and 

Committee  meetings  1911-1912  237-302 

PART  VII. 

Proceedings  of  the  State  Agricultural  Convention 303-466 

PART  VIII. 

Proceedings   of  the  annual   meeting  of  the   Iowa  Swine  Breeders 

Association,  1912 467-486 

PART   IX. 

Proceedings  of  the  thirty-fifth  annual  convention  of  the  Iowa  State 

Dairy  Association,  October  14-19,  1912 487-530 


xiv  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

PART   X. 

Extracts  from  the  State  Dairy  Commissioner's  Report  of  1912 531-554 

PART   XI. 

Extracts  from  State  Veterinary  Surgeon's  Report,  1912 555-600 

PART  XII. 

Papers  on  live  stock,  agriculture  and  miscellaneous  topics — papers 

read  before  county  farmers  institutes 601-712 

PART  xin. 
Iowa  State  Fair  and  Exposition,  1912,  press  reports  and  live  stock 

awards,  results  in  boys'  judging  contest 713-884 

PART  XIV. 

Condensed  reports  of  agricultural  conditions  by  county  and  district 

agricultural  societies  in  Iowa  for  1912 885-962 

PART  XV. 

Directory   of   associations   and   organizations   representing  agricul- 
tural interests  in  the  state  963-972 


IOWA'S  SOURCE  OF  WEALTH 


FOR   THE   YEAR   ENDING   DECEMBER   31,    1912. 


COMPILED   FOR  THE   IOWA  YEAR  BOOK  OP  AGRICULTURE  FROM 
STATISTICS  GATHERED  UNDER  THE  IOWA  STATISTICAL  LAW. 


ACREAGE, 


PRODUCTION,    AVERAGE   YIELD  AND  VALUE   PER  ACRE   AND  TOTAL 
VALUE  OF  IOWA   FARM   PRODUCTS   FOR  THE   YEAR  1912. 


83 

<! 

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a 

u 
a; 
G 

ss 

< 

1^ 

»  OCA 
< 

1 
B  " 

03  S3 
> 

0) 

3 

> 
"3 

I 

Corn 

9,420,434 

4,874,752 

497,938 

389,371 

389,410 

73,315 

120,035 

24,121 

2,625,744 

7&4,374 

46'  644 

419,097,329  bu. 
207,819,162  bu. 
11,460,943  bu. 
5,702,539  bu. 
11,100,558  bu. 
1,322,382  bu. 
11,277,537  bu. 
238,442  bu. 
3,138,940  T. 
836,735  T. 
105,936  T. 
Estimated 
Estimated 
Estimated 
Estimated 
Estimated 
Estimated 
Estimated 
Estimated 

44.5 

42.6 

23 

14.6 

28.5 

18 

93.9 
9.88 
1.2 
1.1 
2.3 

$      .36 

.27 

.78 

.76 

.50 

.61 

.44 

1.31 

9.89 

7.43 

ll.OO 

$  16.02 
11.50 
17.94 
11.00 
14.25 
10.98 
41.31 
12.94 
11.86 
8.17 
25.3 

$  150,875,038.44 

56,111,173.74 

8,939,535.54 

4,333,929.64 

5,550,279.00 

806,653.02 

4, 962, 116. £8 

312,359.02 

31,044,116.60 

6,216,941.05 

1,165,296.00 

7,500,000.00 

*>  300  OOO  00 

Oats 

Winter   wheat             _.    _ 

SprinsT   wheat             •- 

Barley      

Rye 

Potatoes 

Flax    seed    —            

Hay    (wild)     

Alfalfa 

Miscellaneous  crops   — - 

104,708 

Timothy   seed   

514,212 
44,237 
19,265 
34,269 
45,793 

134,735 
8,968,644 

Clover   seed    

516,756.00 
600  OOO  00 

Pop  corn     — 

Sweet   corn   

1  137  500  00 

Garden  truck  

1,500,000.00 

5,500,000.00 

85,000,000.00 

4,000,000.00 

Orchards   

Pasturage    . 

Ensilage    

Total  value  of  farm  crops 

$  378,371,674.33 

1,500,000.00 
53,000,000.00 
30,000,000.00 

Wool  

Estimated 
Estimated 
Estimated 

Dairy  products  

Poultry   and  eggs 

Total   val.  farm  products 

$  462,871,674.33 

NUMBER,   AVERAGE   VALUE   AND   TOTAL  VALUE   OF  LIVE    STOCK 

JANUARY   1,   1913. 
(Figures  taken  from  United  States  Year  Book  of  Agriculture,  1912.) 


ii 

>> 

3 

"3 
> 

1 
o 

Horses  _ 

1,568,000 
56,000 
1,337,000 
2,607,000 
8,720,000 
1,249,000 

$    120.00 

124.00 

50.30 

33.00 

12.00 

5.10 

$    188,160,000 

6,944,000 

67,2.51,000 

86,031,000 

104,640,000 

6,370,000 

Mules   _.                                  J 

Milch  cows  .           . 

Other  cows __    .._ 

Swine   

Sheep       ... 

Total    

$    459,396,000 

1 

xvi  IOWA  DEPARTMENT   OF  AGRICULTURE 


]OWA  FARM  STATISTICS 


Land  area  of  Iowa 35,575,040 

Total   acreage  in   farms 30,914,178 

Total   number  of  farms 189,969 

Average  size  of  farms,  acres   162.8 

Total   population,    1910 2,224,771 

Rural  population,  1910 1,544,717 

Farms  operated  by  owners  and  managers,  1910 134,929 

Farms  operated  by  tenants,  1910 82,115 

Number  of  silos  on  farms 6,781 

Value  of  live  stock. $459,396,000 

Value  of  farm  crops  and  other  products $462,871,674 

Total  value  of  live  stock,  farm  crops  and  other  products $922,267,674 

Average  value  live  stock,  farm  crops  and  other  products  per 
farm $  4,854 


PART  I. 


Report  of  the  Iowa  Weather  and  Crop  Service 

for  1912 


George  M.  Chappel,  Director 


The  meteorological  and  statistical  data  contained  in  this  annual 
report  have  been  compiled  from  the  monthly  and  weekly  bulletins 
issued  by  the  Iowa  Weather  and  Crop  Service,  in  co-operation  with 
the  Weather  Bureau  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture. The  data  have  been  condensed,  and  it  is  believed  that  the 
matter  will  be  valuable  and  convenient  for  reference  and  compari- 
son in  future  years. 

Reports  have  been  received  regularly  each  month  from  118  co- 
operative meteorological  stations,  and  from  the  U.  S.  Weather  Bu- 
reau stations  at  Des  Moines,  Davenport,  Dubuque,  Charles  City, 
Keokuk,  and  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  and  Omaha,  Neb. 

The  instrumental  equipment  has  been  kept  up  to  a  high  standard. 

This  office  distributed  28,400  copies  of  the  Monthly  Review  of 
the  Iowa  Weather  and  Crop  Service,  and  65,000  copies  of  the 
Weekly  Weather  Crop  Bulletins.  The  daily  weather  forecasts  were 
distributed  daily  to  243,000  telephone  subscribers.  Daily  forecasts 
were  also  distributed  by  rural  mail  to  2,000  addresses  and  by 
ordinary  mail  to  1,850  addresses.  Daily  forecast  messages  were 
sent  to  78  towns  by  telegraph  at  expense  of  the  U.  S.  Weather  Bu- 
reau, and  special  Avarnings  of  the  approach  of  cold  waves  and 
heavy  storms  were  also  distributed  whenever  issued.  Arrange- 
ments were  made  through  the  Horticultural  Department  of  the  Iowa 
State  College  to  send  frost  warnings,  during  the  fruit  blooming 
season,  to  all  orchardists  in  the  state  who  were  prepared  to  use 
orchard  heaters  in  case  of  frost  or  injurious  temperatures. 


CLIMATOLOGY  OP  THE  YEAR,  1912. 


The  climatic  records  for  the  year  1912  show  some  very  unusual  condi- 
tions. January  was  the  coldest  month  on  record  in  Iowa,  and  the  average 
temperature  for  the  first  three  months  was  the  lowest  on  record  since  the 


2  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

establishment  of  the  weather  service.  Those  months  also  gave  more  snow 
than  any  like  period.  The  monthly  mean  temperature  w^as  below  the 
normal  from  June  to  October,  inclusive,  except  in  July,  which  gave  a  slight 
excess,  and  the  precipitation  was  deficient  from  April  to  August,  inclusive. 
Heavy  snow  fell  over  the  southern  and  eastern  counties  on  April  17th; 
freezing  temperatures  were  general  over  the  larger  part  of  the  state  on 
May  14th,  and  light  frost  occurred  in  some  of  the  northern  counties  on 
June  7th.  Notwithstanding  these  unusual  conditions,  and  the  fact  that 
seed  corn  was  poor,  and  cut  and  wire  worms  were  more  destructive  than 
usual,  it  is  remarkable  that  the  yield  of  crops,  as  a  whole,  was  the  largest 
in  the  history  of  the  state.  The  year  closed  mild  and  pleasant;  from 
about  the  middle  of  October  to  December  31st  there  was  a  great  excess 
of  temperature  and  a  deficiency  of  precipitation.  The  deficiency  of  snow- 
fall during  this  period  was  especially  marked,  and  the  great  number  of 
clear,  mild  days  was  probably  unprecedented. 

Barometee  (reduced  to  sea  level). — The  average  pressure  of  the  atmos- 
phere for  the  year  1912  was  30.03  inches.  The  highest  observed  was  30.86 
inches,  at  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County,  on  January  12th.  The  lowest 
pressure  observed  was  29.19  inches  at  the  same  station  on  April  13th. 
The  range  for  the  state  was  1.67  inches. 

Temperature. — The  mean  temperature  for  the  state  was  46.4°  or  1.1° 
below  the  normal.  The  highest  annual  mean  was  50.6°  at  Keokuk,  Lee 
County.  The  lowest  annual  mean  was  42.3°,  at  Northwood,  Worth  County, 
and  at  Sibley,  Osceola  County.  The  highest  temperature  reported  was 
104°  at  Ottumwa,  Wapello  County,  on  September  8th.  The  lowest  temper- 
ature reported  was  — 47°  at  Washta,  Cherokee  County,  on  January  12th. 
The  range  for  the  state  was  151°. 

Precipitation. — The  average  amount  of  rain  and  melted  snow  for  the 
year,  as  shown  by  the  complete  records  of  107  stations  was  28.89  inches, 
or  3.76  inches  less  than  the  normal,  and  2.48  inches  less  than  the  average 
amount  in  1911.  The  greatest  amount  recorded  at  any  station  was  38.13 
inches  at  Guthrie  Center,  Guthrie  County,  and  the  least  amount  was  15.25 
inches  at  Inwood,  Lyon  County.  The  greatest  monthly  precipitation  was 
10.12  inches  at  Audubon,  Audubon  County,  in  September.  There  was  no 
precipitation  at  Rock  Rapids,  Lyon  County,  in  November.  The  greatest 
amount  in  any  consecutive  24  hours  was  5.50  inches  at  Olin,  Jones  County, 
on  August  19th. 

The  average  amount  of  snowfall  was  39.5  inches.  The  greatest  amount 
recorded  at  any  station  was  77.2  inches  at  Earlham,  Madison  County, 
and  the  least  amount  was  10.2  inches  at  Clear  Lake,  Cerro  Gordo  County. 
The  greatest  monthly  snowfall  was  52.5  inches  at  Earlham,  Madison 
County.  Measurable  precipitation  occurred  on  an  average  of  84  days. 
This  is  3  less  than  for  1911. 

Wind. — The  prevailing  direction  of  the  wind  was  northwest.  The 
highest  velocity  reported  was  52  miles  an  hour  from  the  northwest  at 
Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County,  on  January  8th. 

Sunshine  and  Cloudiness. — The  average  number  of  clear  days  was  181; 
partly  cloudy,  96;  cloudy,  89;  as  against  165  clear  days,  99  partly  cloudy, 
and  101  cloudy  days  in  1911.  Considerably  more  than  the  normal  amount 
of  sunshine  was  experienced. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I 


MONTHLY  SUMMARIES 


JANUARY. 


January,  1912.  was  probably  the  coldest  month  ever  experienced  in 
Iowa  since  its  settlement.  The  monthly  means  for  the  larger  part  of  the 
state  were  lower  than  ever  before  recorded.  Not  only  were  the  monthly 
means  the  lowest  on  record,  but  the  monthly  minimum  and  maximum 
temperatures  were  lower  than  shown  by  previous  records  at  most  sta- 
tions, and  the  duration  of  the  extremely  cold  period  exceeded  anything  of 
the  kind  in  the  history  of  the  state.  The  longest  record  we  have  for  a 
station  still  in  operation  is  for  Dubuque,  and  the  official  in  charge,  Local 
Office,  U.  S.  Weather  Bureau,  at  that  place,  says:  "The  record  for  mean 
temperature  dates  back  61  years,  and  is  complete,  with  the  exception  of 
2  or  3  years.  The  monthly  mean  temperature  for  January,  1912,  Is  about 
1.5°  lower  than  ever  before  recorded  at  this  station  for  any  month.  There 
were  16  consecutive  days  with  the  lowest  temperature  below  zero.  The 
average  temperature  for  the  first  12  days  was  7.1°  below  zero.  For  the 
8  days  from  the  5th  to  the  12th,  inclusive,  the  average  was  10.4°  below 
zero,  and  for  the  first  21  days  the  average  was  2.1°  below  zero.  There 
were  21  days  with  the  minimum  of  zero  or  below,  or  2  more  than  ever  be- 
fore recorded  during  any  one  month.  There  were  6  days  with  the  maximum 
temperature  below  zero,  or  2  more  than  ever  before  recorded  in  any  one 
year.  On  the  5th  the  temperature  remained  about  18°  below  zero  during 
the  hours  of  daylight.    It  was  19°  below  zero  at  noon  with  full  sunshine. 

A  station  was  maintained  at  Monticello,  Jones  County,  from  1854  to  190'6, 
inclusive,  and  the  lowest  monthly  mean  temperature  at  that  station  dur- 
ing that  time  was  4.6°,  in  January,  1862,  which  is  2.2°  higher  than  the 
mean  for  the  past  month  at  OMn,  which  is  in  the  same  county  and  about 
18  miles  south  of  Monticello.  At  Iowa  City,  we  have  a  record  since  1858, 
and  the  mean  for  the  past  month  (4°)  is  3°  lower  than  in  January,  1883, 
which  is  the  lowest  previous  record.  At  Logan,  in  Harrison  County,  the 
mean  for  the  past  month  is  6,5°,  which  is  0.6°  lower  than  ever  before 
recorded,  and  the  records  date  back  to  1867.  The.  lowest  monthly  mean 
recorded  at  Myscatine,  between  1839  and  1900,  was  6,2°  in  January,  1857. 

The  first  21  days  of  the  month  were  extremely  cold,  and  the  daily  min- 
imum temperatures  were  below  zero  over  the  larger  part  of  the  state  on  the 
first  16  days,  and  the  maximum  temperatures  were  also  below  zero  on  sev- 
eral of  those  days.  The  coldest  period  was  from  the  5th  to  the  13th,  The 
last  decade  was  considerably  milder,  but  the  minimum  temperatures  were 
below  zero  on  several  of  those  dates  over  the  northern  half  of  the  state. 


4  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Although  it  was  the  coldest  month  ever  recorded  in  the  state  there  was 
an  entire  absence  of  severe  winter  storms.  Nearly  all  of  the  precipitation 
was  in  the  form  of  snow;  the  only  rainfall  was  a  light  mist  over  the 
southern  half  of  the  state  on  the  25th  and  28th,  and  as  the  temperature 
was  below  freezing,  the  rain  froze  as  it  fell,  covering  everything  with  a 
coat  of  ice.  Snow  flurries  were  frequent  between  the  7th  and  18th,  but  the 
daily  amounts  were  generally  small. 

The  amount  of  snowfall  was  considerably  below  the  normal,  and  the  wind 
movement  was  comparatively  light.  There  was,  however,  so  little  thawing 
weather  the  snow  remained  dry,  and  even  though  the  wind  movement  was 
light,  the  snow  drifted  badly  and  this,  together  with  the  severe  cold 
weather  during  the  first  and  second  decades  greatly  interfered  with  rail- 
road traffic.  Passenger  trains  were  delayed  and  freight  service  was  com- 
pletely demoralized.  In  the  cities  and  towns  numerous  water  pipes,  and 
in  some  instances,  water  mains  w^ere  frozen,  causing  much  loss  and  great 
inconvenience.  Sleighing  was  excellent  throughout  the  month,  except  in 
the  southern  tier  of  counties,  where  the  snow  was  nearly  gone  at  the  close 
of  the  month.  The  ground  being  covered  with  a  heavy  mantle  of  snow, 
fall  sown  grains  were  thought  to  be  in  good  condition,  but  peach  trees 
are  reported  to  be  seriously  damaged  by  the  severe  cold.  All  live  stock 
is  in  good  condition,  and,  fortunately,  most  farmers  secured  sufficient 
corn  fodder  last  fall  to  feed  the  stock  during  the  winter,  but  in  some 
localities  the  supply  of  feed  is  getting  short  and  hay  is  very  high  price. 
The  ice  harvest  is  nearly  completed  and  the  quality  is  unusually  fine. 
At  the  close  of  the  month  at  Davenport  the  ice  was  14.5  inches  thick; 
at  Des  Moines,  21.0  inches;  at  Dubuque  and  Sioux  City,  20  inches;  and 
at  Keokuk,  12  inches.  Except  for  the  extremely  low^  temperature,  the 
month  was  unusually  pleasant  for  a  winter  month. 

Temperature. — The  monthly  mean  temperature  for  the  state,  as  shown 
by  the  records  of  114  stations,  was  4.2°,  wiiich  is  15.1°  below  the  normal 
for  Iowa.  By  sections  the  mean  temperatures  were  as  follows:  Northern 
section,  0.1°,  which  is  16.1°  below  the  normal;  Central  section,  4.3°,  which 
is  14.9°  below  the  normal;  Southern  section,  8.3°,  which  is  14.1°  below^ 
the  normal.  The  highest  monthly  mean  was  11.8,  at  Keokuk,  Lee  County, 
and  the  lowest  monthly  mean,  — 3.0,  at  Elma,  Howard  County.  The 
highest  temperature  reported  was  49°,  at  Denisou,  Crawford  County,  on 
the  22d;  the  lowest  temperature  reported  was  — 47°,  at  Washta,  Cherokee 
County,  on  the  12th.  The  average  montWy  maximum  was  39°,  and  the 
average  monthly  minimum  was  — 33°.  The  greatest  daily  range  was  52°, 
at  Chariton,  Lucas  County.  The  average  of  the  greatest  daily  ranges  w^as 
38*. 

Precipitation. — The  average  precipitation  for  the  state,  as  shown  by 
the  records  of  120  stations,  was  0.53  inch,  which  is  0.52  inch  below  the 
normal.  By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows:  Nopthern  section, 
0.69  inch,  which  is  0.13  inch  below  the  normal;  Central  section,  0.66  inch, 
which  is  0.44  inch  below  the  normal;  Southern  section,  0.25  inch,  which 
is  0.99  inch  below  the  normal.  The  greatest  amount,  1.90  inches,  occurred 
at  Rockwell  City,  Calhoun  County,  and  the  least,  a  trace  at  Elliott,  Mont- 
gomery County.    The  greatest  amount  in  any  twenty-four  hours,  0.80  inch. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I         5 

occurred  at  Rock  Rapids,  Lyon  County,  on  the  28th.  Measurable  precipi- 
tation occurred  on  an  average  of  5  days. 

Snow. — The  average  fall  was  5.5  inches.  The  greatest  amount  was  19.0 
at  Rockwell  City  and  the  least  was  a  trace  at  Elliott. 

Sunshine  and  Cloudiness. — The  average  number  of  clear  days  was  14; 
partly  cloudy,  7;  cloudy,  10.  The  duration  of  sunshine  was  above  the 
normal,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  being  66  at  Charles  City; 
45  at  Davenport;  63  at  Des  Moines;  60  at  Dubuque;  46  at  Keokuk;  and 
45  at  Sioux  City. 

Wind. — Northwest  winds  prevailed.  The  highest  velocity  reported  was 
52  miles  an  hour  from  the  northwest,  at  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County, 
on  the  8th. 

JANUARY  NORMALS  FOR  IOWA,  1890-1912. 

Normal  temperature  for  January,  19.1°. 
Warmest  January,  1891,  with  mean  temperature  of  26°. 
Coldest  January,  1912,  with  mean  temperature  of  4.2°. 
Normal  precipitation  for  January,  1.07  inches. 
Wettest  January,  1890,  with  total  precipitation  of  2.03  inches. 
Driest  January,  1899,  with  total  precipitation  of  0.28  inch. 
Average  depth  of  snowfall   for  January,   6.9   inches    (1892   to   1912   in- 
clusive). 

Greatest  snowfall  in  January,  12.6  inches,  in  1898  and  1910. 
Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  of  precipitation,  5. 
Prevailing  direction  of  wind,  northwest. 
Average  number  of  clear  days,  13;   partly  cloudy,  8;   cloudy,  10. 

FEBRUARY. 

With  the  exception  of  the  low  temperatures  during  the  first  12  days, 
and  the  abnormally  heavy  snow  storm  over  the  southern  and  eastern 
counties  on  the  night  of  the  25th  and  the  26th,  February,  1912,  was  a  very 
pleasant  winter  month.  For  the  state,  as  a  whole,  the  temperature  was 
slightly  below  and  the  precipitation  slightly  above  the  normal,  but  the 
excess  of  precipitation  was  due  to  the  abnormally  heavy  snow  on  the 
25th-26th,  which  was  confined  to  the  southern  and  eastern  counties;  the 
northwestern  third  of  the  state  reporting  a  decided  deficiency  of  precipita- 
tion. Over  the  southern  and  especially  the  extreme  southwestern  counties, 
the  storm  broke  all  former  records  as  to  amount  and  the  short  time  in 
which  it  fell.  More  than  20  inches  fell  in  Fremont  and  Page  counties  and 
most  of  it  fell  in  about  12  hours.  The  high  winds  that  obtained  during  the 
storm  caused  the  snow  to  drift  badly,  and  as  a  result,  traffic  on  highways 
and  railroads  was  delayed  and  many  highways  were  blocked  for  two  or 
three  days. 

During  the  first  12  days  of  the  month,  low  temperatures  prevailed,  after 
which  milder  weather  obtained  until  the  26th.  The .  maximum  tempera- 
tures ranged  between  40°  and  50°,  the  highest  being  recorded  at  most 
stations  on  the  23d.  The  2d,  3d,  4th  and  9th  were  the  coldest  days,  the 
minimum  temperatures  varying   from  — 10°   to  — 20°.     The  ground  was 


6  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

covered  with  snow  during  the  entire  month  over  the  northern,  central  and 
northeastern  counties,  but  over  the  southern  and  western  counties  the 
ground  was  practically  bare  betAveen  the  19th  and  24th,  and  in  the  extreme 
northwestern  counties  there  was  little  or  no  snow  on  the  ground  after  the 
20th.  Wiinter  grains  are  thought  to  be  in  good  condition.  Stock  has 
wintered  well  notwithstanding  the  severe  cold  weather,  but  feed  is  getting 
scarce  and  hay  is  high  in  price. 

TEMPERATtTRE. — The  monthly  mean  temperature  for  the  state,  as  shown 
by  the  records  of  113  stations,  was  18.1°,  which  is  1.1°  below  the  normal 
for  Iowa.  By  sections  the  mean  temperatures  were  as  follows:  Northern 
section,  15.9°,  which  is  0.3°  below  the  normal;  Central  section,  17.7°,  which 
is  1.9°  below  the  normal;  Southern  section,  20.6°,  which  is  1.2°  below  the 
normal.  The  highest  monthly  mean  was  23.4°,  at  Northboro,  Page  County, 
and  the  lowest  monthly  mean,  13.4°,  at  Charles  City,  Floyd  County,  and  at 
Forest  City,  Winnebago  County.  The  highest  temperature  reported  was 
57°,  at  Keokuk,  Lee  County,  on  the  23d;  the  lowest  temperature  reported 
was  — 30°,  at  Decorah,  Winneshiek  County,  on  the  3d.  The  average 
monthly  maximum  was  45°,  and  the  average  monthly  minimum  was  — 15°. 
The  greatest  daily  range  was  53°,  at  Sibley,  Osceola  County.  The  average 
of  the  greatest  daily  ranges  was  36°. 

Precipitation. — The  average  precipitation  for  the  state,  as  shown  by 
the  records  of  121  stations,  was  1.21  inches,  which  is  0.15  inch  above 
the  normal.  By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows:  Northern  sec- 
tion, 0.46  inch,  which  is  0.48  inch  below  the  normal;  Central  section,  1.21 
inches,  which  is  0.13  inch  above  the  normal;  Southern  section,  1.95 
inches,  which  is  0.80  inch  above  the  normal.  The  greatest  amount,  3.25 
inches,  occurred  at  Lenox,  Taylor  County,  and  the  least,  0.04  inches,  at 
Inwood,  Lyon  county.  The  greatest  amount  in  twenty-four  hours,  2.00 
inches,  occurred  at  Northboro,  Page  County,  on  the  25th-26th.  Measur- 
able precipitation  occurred  on  an  average  of  5  days. 

Snow. — The  average  fall  was  11.2  inches.  The  greatest  amount  was 
33.5  inches  at  Clarinda,  Page  County;  the  least  amount  was  0.5  inch  at 
Inwood  and  Rock  Rapids,  Lyon  County. 

Sunshine  and  Cloudiness. — The  average  number  of  clear  days  was 
10;  partly  cloudy,  9;  cloudy,  10.  The  duration  of  sunshine  was  slightly 
below  the  normal,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  being  63  at 
Charles  City;  40  at  Davenport;  64  at  Des  Moines;  44  at  Dubuque;  41  at 
Keokuk;    and  51  at  Sioux  City. 

Wind. — Northwest  winds  prevailed.  The  highest  velocity  reported  was 
41  miles  per  hour  from  the  north,  at  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County, 
on   the    1st. 

FEBRUARY    NORMALS    FOR    IOWA— 1890-1912. 

Normal  temperature  for  February,  20.6°. 

Warmest  February,  1892,  with  mean  temperature  of  28.1°. 

Coldest  February,   1899,   with   mean   temperature   of   12.2°. 

Normal  February  precipitation,  1.11  inches. 

Wettest  February,  1911,  with  total  precipitation  of  2.76  inches. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I         7 

Driest  February,  1904,  with  total  precipitation  of  0.41  inch. 

Average  depth  of  snowfall,  7.3  inches,    (1892  to  1912  inclusive). 

Greatest  snowfall  in  February,   15.5   inches  in  1905. 

Least  snowfall  in  February,  2.6  inches  in  1902. 

Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  of  precipitation,  5. 

Prevailing  wind  direction,  northwest. 

Average  number  of  clear  days,  12;  partly  cloudy,  8;  cloudy,  8. 

THE   WINTER   OF   1911-1912. 

The  mean  temperature  for  the  three  winter  months  is  16.7°,  which 
is  5.9°  below  the  normal  for  the  state.  The  highest  temperature  reported 
was  60°,  at  Keokuk,  Lee  County,  on  December  10th.  The  lowest  tempera- 
ture reported  was  — 47°,  at  Washta,  Cherokee  County,  on  January  12th. 
The  average  monthly  precipitation  for  the  state  was  1.44  inches,  and  the 
average  total  precipitation  was  4.31  inches,  or  0.91  inch  above  the  winter 
normal.  The  average  total  snowfall,  unmelted,  was  29.3  inches,  or  12.0 
inches  more  than  for  the  winter  of  1910-1911.  The  average  number  of 
days  with  .01  inch  or  more  of  precipitation  was  17,  or  3  more  than  for 
the  previous  winter.  The  average  number  of  clear  days  was  37,  partly 
cloudy,  22;  cloudy,  32,  as  compared  with  36  clear,  21  partly  cloudy,  and 
33  cloudy  days  during  the  winter  of  1910-1911.  The  winters  of  1892-3; 
1903-4;  and  1904-5  were  colder  than  the  past  winter.  The  average  tem- 
peratures for  those  winters  were  14.9°,  16.1°,  and  15.8°  respectively,  but 
January,  1912,  was  much  colder  than  any  month  on  record. 

MARCH. 

With  the  exception  of  March,  1899,  the  month  was  the  coldest  March 
of  which  we  have  a  record  in  this  state.  The  average  temperature  of 
the  past  month  for  113  stations  is  24.9°,  and  while  the  mean  of  the  rec- 
ords of  125  stations  for  March,  1899,  was  23°,  the  average  tempera- 
ture of  the  regular  weather  bureau  stations  at  Charles  City,  Davenport, 
Des  Moines,  Dubuque,  Keokuk,  Omaha,  and  Sioux  City,  where  the  ther- 
mometers and  their  location  have  remained  practically  the  same,  is 
0.4°  lower  for  the  past  month  than  it  was  for  March,  1899.  The  records  at 
Dubuque,  which  are  complete  for  60  years,  except  for  1857,  1872  and  1873, 
show  the  month  just  closed  to  have  been  0.6°  colder  than  any  other 
March  in  the  history  of  the  station.  The  first  half  of  the  month  was 
remarkable  for  the  persistency  of  low  temperatures,  the  means  being 
from  10°  to  25°  below  the  normal  almost  daily.  The  latter  half  of  the 
month  was  milder,  but  on  only  one  or  two  days  was  the  mean  temperature 
above  the  normal  or  the  minimum  temperature  above  the  freezing 
point.  However,  a  decided  change  to  spring-like  conditions  set  in  toward 
the  close  of  the  month,  during  which  time  the  snow  melted  rapidly  and 
by  the  31st  it  had  practically  disappeared,  except  where  it  lay  in  drifts. 
Some  frost  remained  in  the  ground  at  the  close  of  the  month,  but  the 
amount  was  inconsiderable.  Nearly  all  of  the  precipitation  was  in  the 
form  of  snow,  and  while  there  were  four  principal  storm  periods,  the 
storms  of  the  14th-15th  and  20th  were  the  only  ones  of  importance.    That 


8  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

of  the  2()th,  when  more  than  a  foot  of  snow  fell  generally,  was  one  of  the 
heaviest  March  snow  storms  on  record.  It  was  not,  however,  as  injurious 
to  railroad  traffic  as  the  storm  on  the  14th,  when  all  cuts  were  drifted 
full  of  snow  and  many  trains  were  delayed  from  10  to  24  hours,  and  on 
some  of  the  branch  lines  trains  were  abandoned  for  one  or  two  days.  Ice 
in  the  rivers,  in  the  southern  half  of  the  state  went  out  between  the 
24th  and  28th,  but  in  the  extreme  northern  counties  the  ice  was  still 
intact.  All  rivers  and  creeks  were  rising  rapidly  at  the  close  of  the 
month,  and  in  the  southern  counties  were  out  of  their  banks.  No  field 
work  was  practicable,  but  fall  sown  grains  were  showing  up  in  good  con- 
dition after  the  disappearance  of  the  heavy  snow,  which  had  covered  the 
fields  since  December  17th. 

Temperature. — The  monthly  mean  temperature  for  the  state,  as  shown 
by  the  records  of  113  stations,  was  24,9°,  which  is  9.1°  below  the  nor- 
mal for  Iowa.  By  sections,  the  mean  temperatures  were  as  follows: 
Northern  section,  23.6°,  which  is  7.6°  below  the  normal;  Central 
section,  24.5°,  which  is  9.7°  below  the  normal;  Southern  section, 
26.6°,  which  is  10.1°  below  the  normal.  The  highest  monthly  mean 
was  29.8°,  at  Keokuk,  Lee  County,  and  the  lowest  monthly  mean,  21.6°, 
at  Estherville,  Emmet  County.  The  highest  temperature  reported  was 
70°,  at  Mount  Ayr,  Ringgold  County,  on  the  30th;  the  lowest  temperature 
reported  was  — 19°,  at  Corning,  Adams  County,  on  the  9th.  The  average 
monthly  maximum  was  58°,  and  the  average  monthly  minimum  was 
— 5°.  The  greatest  daily  range  was  50°,  at  Keosauqua,  Van  Buren  County. 
The  average  of  the  greatest  daily  ranges  was  35°. 

Pbecipitation. — The  average  precipitation  for  the  state,  as  shown  by 
the  records  of  121  stations,  was  2.01  inches,  which  is  .09  inch  above  the 
normal.  -By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows:  Northern  section, 
1.46  inches,  which  is  0.27  inch  below  the  normal;  Central  section,  2.30 
inches,  which  is  0.32  inch  above  the  normal;  Southern  section,  2.26 
inches,  which  is  0.21  inch  above  the  normal.  The  greatest  amount,  5.25 
inches,  occurred  at  Earlham,  Madison  County,  and  the  least,  0.60  inch, 
at  Clear  Lake,  Cerro  Gordo  County.  The  greatest  amount  in  twenty-four 
hours,  1.59  inches,  occurred  at  Guthrie  Center,  Guthrie  County,  on  the 
20th.    Measurable  precipitation  occurred  on  an  average  of  7  days. 

Snow. — The  average  snowfall  was  19.1  inches.  By  sections  the  averages 
were  as  follows:  Northern,  12.8  inches;  Central,  22.2  inches;  Southern, 
22.4  inches.  The  greatest  monthly  amount  reported  was  52.5  inches  at 
Earlham,   Madison   County. 

Sunshine  and  Cloudiness. — The  average  number  of  clear  days  was 
15;  partly  cloudy,  6;  cloudy,  10.  The  duration  of  sunshine  was  above 
the  normal,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  being  70  at  Charles 
City;  54  at  Davenport;  63  at  Des  Moines;  59  at  Dubuque;  53  at  Keokuk, 
and  59  at  Sioux  City. 

Wind. — Northeast  winds  prevailed.  The  highest  velocity  reported  was 
36  miles  per  hour  from  the  northwest,  at  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County, 
on    the    17th. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I  9 

MARCH  NORMALS  FOR  IOWA— 1890-1912. 

Normal   temperature   for  March,   34,2°. 

Warmest  March,   1910,   with   mean   temperature    of   48.9°. 

Coldest  March,  1899,  with  mean  temperature  of  23.0°. 

The  mean  temperature  for  March,  1912,  was  24.9°. 

Normal  March   precipitation,   1.74   inches. 

Wettest  March,   1901,  with  total  precipitation  of  2.64  inches. 

Driest  March,  1910,  with  total  precipitation  of  0.17  inch. 

Average  depth  of  snowfall,  5.4  inches    (1892  to  1912,  inclusive.) 

Greatest  snowfall  in  March,  19.1  inches,  in  1912. 

Least  snowfall  in  March,  trace,  in  1910. 

Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  of  precipitation,  6. 

Prevailing  direction   of  wind,   northwest. 

Average  number  of  clear  days,  12;    partly  cloudy,  8;    cloudy,  11. 

APRIL. 

The  average  temperature  and  precipitation  varied  but  little  from  the 
normal  for  April;  the  temperature  being  only  1.4°  above  and  the  pre- 
cipitation 0.14  inch  below  the  normal.  The  excess  of  temperature,  how- 
ever, occurred  during  the  first  half  of  the  month,  which  was  moderately 
warm,  except  on  the  first  three  days  when  the  minimum  temperatures 
were  near  or  below  the  freezing  point;  the  3d  being  the  coldest  day  of 
the  month  and  the  5th  the  warmest.  Warm  periods  prevailed  on  the 
4th  and  5th  and  from  the  10th  to  the  12th.  The  latter  half  of  the  month 
was  cool.  The  precipitation  was  well  distributed  throughout  the  month; 
the  3d  being  the  only  day  on  which  no  precipitation  was  recorded  in 
the  state.  An  unusually  heavy  snow  storm  for  April  prevailed  over  the 
southern  and  eastern  counties  on  the  17th.  Thirty-six  stations  within  the 
area  of  the  storm  reported  an  average  of  4.0  inches  of  snowfall;  the 
greatest  amount  being  12.0  inches  at  Wapello. 

The  prevailing  wind  velocities  were  much  greater  than  usual  for  April, 
and  exceeded  those  for  March.  Several  destructive  wind  storms  occurred, 
the  most  damaging  ones  reported  being  in  the  vicinity  of  Earlham  and 
Boone,  on  the  13th. 

As  a  whole  the  month  was  quite  favorable  for  farm  operations,  but 
owing  to  the  fact  that  no  field  work  was  done  during  March,  spring 
plowing,  seeding  and  planting  were  delayed  and  seeding  was  not  completed 
until  the  close  of  the  month,  and  no  corn  planting  was  done.  At  the  end 
of  the  month  the  early  sown  oats  were  up,  and  showed  a  good  stand, 
grass  was  improving  and  some  stock  was  in  pasture.  Cherries  and  plum 
trees  were  beginning  to  bloom  in  the  southern  counties,  but  in  the  re- 
mainder of  the  State  the  buds  were  still  dormant  or  just  beginning  to 
swell. 

Temperature. — The  monthly  mean  temperature  for  the  State,  as  shown 
by  the  records  of  114  stations,  was  49.9°,  which  is  1.4°  above  the  normal 
for  Iowa:  By  sections  the  mean  temperatures  were  as  follows:  North- 
em  section,  48.5°,  which  is  1.7°  above  the  normal;  Central  section, 
50.1°,  which  is  1.6°  above  the  normal;   Southern  section,  51.2°,  which  ig 


10  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

0.9°  above  the  normal.  The  highest  monthly  mean  was  53.0°,  at  Keokuk, 
Lee  County,  and  the  lowest  monthly  mean,  46.4°,  at  Estherville,  Emmet 
County.  The  highest  temperature  reported  was  84°,  at  Inwood,  Lyon 
County,  on  the  5th;  the  lowest  temperature  reported  was  20°,  at  Decorah, 
Winneshiek  County,  on  the  3d.  The  average  monthly  maximum  was  75°, 
and  the  average  monthly  minimum  was  27°.  The  greatest  daily  range  was 
45°,  at  Cedar  Rapids,  Linn  County.  The  average  of  the  greatest  daily 
ranges  was  36°. 

PBEcn^iTATiox. — The  average  precipitation  for  the  State,  as  shown  by  the 
records  of  122  stations,  was  2.66  inches,  which  is  0.17  inch  below  the 
normal.  By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows:  Northern  section,  2.51 
inches,  which  is  0.04  inch  above  the  normal;  Central  section,  2.51  inches, 
which  is  0.36  inch  below  the  normal;  Southern  section,  2.97  inches,  which 
is  0.20  inch  below  the  normal.  The  greatest  amount,  5.66  inches,  occurred 
at  Creston,  Union  County,  and  the  least  0.78  inch,  at  Waverly,  Bremer 
County.  The  greatest  amount  in  twenty-four  hours,  1.83  inches,  occurred 
at  Northwood,  Worth  County,  on  the  13th.  Measurable  precipitation  oc- 
curred on  an  average  of  8  days. 

Snow. — A  measurable  amount  of  unmelted  snowfall  occurred  at  36 
stations,  the  average  fall  being  4.0  inches.  Practically  all  the  snow  for 
the  month  fell  on  the  17th.  The  average  for  the  State  was  1.1  inches. 
By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows:  Northern,  0.1  inch;  Central, 
1.4  inches;    Southern,  1.8   inches. 

Sunshine  and  Cloudiness. — The  average  number  of  clear  days  was  13; 
partly  cloudy,  8;  cloudy,  9.  The  duration  of  sunshine  was  nearly  normal, 
the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  being  70  at  Charles  City;  60  at 
Davenport;  72  at  Des  Moines;  64  at  Dubuque;  52  at  Keokuk;  and  56  at 
Sioux  City. 

Wind. — Southwest  winds  prevailed.  The  highest  velocity  reported  was 
48  miles  per  hour  from  the  south,  at  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County,  on 
the  25th. 

APRIL  NORMALS   FOR   IOWA— 1890-1912. 

Normal  temperature  for  April,  49.0°. 

Warmest  April,  1896,  with  mean  temperature  of  54.5°. 

Coldest  April,   1907,  with  mean  temperature   of  41.5°. 

Normal  April  precipitation,  2.94  inches. 

Wettest  April,  1897,  with  total  precipitation  of  5.35  inches. 

Driest  April,  1907,  with  total  precipitation  of  1.32  inches. 

Average  depth  of  snowfall  in  April,  2.0  inches,  (1892  to  1912,  inclusive). 

Greatest  snowfall  in  April,  6.0  inches,  in  1893. 

Least  snowfall  in  April,  trace,  in  1897,  1898,  and  1902. 

Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  of  precipitation,  8. 

Prevailing   direction   of   wind,   northwest. 

Average  number  of  clear  days,  12;  partly  cloudy,  9;  cloudy,  9. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I        11 

MAY. 

May  was  warm  and  moderately  dry,  but  on  the  whole  the  conditions 
were  favorable  for  agricultural  pursuits.  The  average  temperature  was 
2.6°  above  normal,  and  the  rainfall,  1.17  inches  below  the  average  of  past 
years.  The  rainfall  was,  however,  well  distributed  throughout  the  month, 
and  fairly  well  distributed  geographically,  the  only  sections  reporting  less 
than  an  inch  being  Carroll,  southeastern  Harrison,  northern  Cass  and 
Mills  Counties.  Over  a  part  of  Cherokee  and  Buena  Vista  Counties  the 
monthly  amount  exceeded  6.00  inches,  but  more  than  half  of  it  came  in  a 
heavy  downpour  on-  the  26th-27th.  Over  the  central  and  south-central 
counties,  heavy  showers  occurred  on  the  10th  or  11th,  during  which  several 
stations  received  more  than  3.00  inches.  The  heavy  rainfall  in  Cherokee 
County  on  the  26th-27th  did  considerable  damage  by  washing  plowed  fields 
and  taking  out  several  bridges.  The  temperature  was  above  the  normal 
except  from  the  11th  to  17th,  inclusive,  and  on  the  28th  and  29th.  The 
lowest  temperatures  generally  occurred  on  the  14th,  when  the  minimum 
was  near  or  below  the  freezing  point  in  all  but  the  extreme  southern  coun- 
ties, and  heavy  frost  occurred  in  many  localities,  but  no  material  damage 
was  done  except  to  prevent  the  germination  of  corn  that  had  been  planted. 
Rapid  progress  was  made  in  plowing,  planting  and  re-planting.  Owing  to 
poor  seed,  cold  weather,  cut  and  wire  worms,  considerable  replanting  was 
necessary,  but  at  the  close  of  the  month  nearly  all  of  the  corn  was  planted 
and  the  early  planting  was  up,  and  showed  a  fair  to  good  stand.  The  cool 
weather  and  frequent  showers  were  beneficial  to  all  small  grains  and 
grasses.  Spring  seeding  of  timothy  and  clover  were  especially  in  good 
condition.  Fruits  were  only  in  fair  condition.  Apple  trees  failed  to  pro- 
duce the  usual  amount  of  bloom,  due  probably  to  over-bearing  and  the 
drought  of  last  year.  Cherries  will  be  about  two-thirds  of  a  crop,  but 
plums  will  yield  well. 

Temperature. — The  monthly  mean  temperature  for  the  State,  as  shown 
by  the  records  of  111  stations  was  62.7°,  which  is  2.6°  above  the  normal 
for  Iowa.  By  sections  the  mean  temperatures  were  as  follows:  Northern 
section,  60.1°,  which  is  1.6°  above  the  normal;  Central  section,  63.0°,  which 
is  2.8°  above  the  normal;  Southern  section,  64.9°,  which  is  4.8°  above  the 
normal.  The  highest  monthly  mean  was  66.6°,  at  Keokuk,  Lee  County,  and 
the  lowest  monthly  mean,  57.6°,  at  Estherville,  Emmet  County,  and  at  Sib- 
ley, Osceola  County.  The  highest  temperature  reported  was  97°,  at  Pacific 
Junction,  Mills  County,  on  the  26th;  the  lowest  temperature  reported  was 
29°,  at  Council  Bluffs,  Pottawattamie  County,  on  the  14th,  at  Decorah, 
Winneshiek  County,  on  the  14th,  at  Pacific  Junction,  Mills  County,  on  the 
14th,  and  at  Washta,  Cherokee  County,  on  the  17th.  The  average  monthly 
maximum  was  88°  and  the  average  monthly  minimum  was  34°.  The 
greatest  daily  range  was  45°,  at  Council  Bluffs,  Pottawattamie  County,  and 
at  Fort  Dodge,  Webster  County.  The  average  of  the  greatest  daily 
ranges   was   37°. 

Precipitation. — The  average  precipitation  for  the  State,  as  shown  by 
the  records  of  118  stations,  was  3.33  inches,  which  is  1.17  inches  below  the 
normal.  By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows:  Northern  section, 
3.60  inches,  which  is  0.95  inch  below  the  normal;  Central  section,  3.22 
inches,  which  is  1.25   inches   below  the  normal;    Southern  section,   3.17 


12  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRlClTLTURE 

inches,  which  is  1.30  inches  below  the  normal.  The  greatest  amount,  6.41 
inches,  occurred  at  Alta  (near)  Buena  Vista  County,  and  the  least,  0.72 
inches,  at  Atlantic,  Cass  County.  The  greatest  amount  in  twenty-four 
hours,  4.42  inches,  occurred  at  Des  Moines,  Polk  County,  on  the  lOth-llth. 
Measurable  precipitation  occurred  on  an  average  of  10  days. 

Snow. — No  snowfall  was  reported. 

Sunshine  and  Cloudiness. — The  average  number  of  clear  days  was  14; 
partly  cloudy,  11;  cloudy,  6.  The  duration  of  sunshine  was  slightly  above 
the  normal,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  being  77  at  Charles  City, 
68  at  Davenport,  77  at  Des  Moines,  62  at  Dubuque,  68  at  Keokuk,  and  67  at 
Sioux  City. 

Wind. — Southwest  winds  prevailed.  The  highest  velocity  reported  was 
43  miles  an  hour  from  the  south,  at  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County,  on 
the  26th. 

MAY  NORMALS  FOR  IOWA,  1890-1912. 

Normal  temperature  for  May,  59.8°. 

Warmest  May,  1896,  with  mean  temperature  of  65.5°. 

Coldest  May,  1907,  with  mean  temperature  of  53.5°. 

Normal  May  precipitation    4.48  inches. 

Wettest  May,  1892,  with  total  precipitation  of  8.77  inches. 

Driest  May,  1894,  with  total  precipitation  of  1.87  inches. 

Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  of  precipitation,  10. 

Prevailing  direction  of  wind,  southeast. 

Average  number  of  clear  days,  12;  partly  cloudy,  11;  cloudy,  8. 

JUNE. 

The  first  and  second  decades  of  the  month  were  unusually  cool  and 
cloudy,  but  the  last  decade  was  generally  clear  and  dry  with  the  tem- 
perature considerably  above  the  normal.  The  average  temperature  for 
the  month  was,  however,  2.6°  below  the  average  of  June  for  past  years. 
Light  frost  occurred  on  low  ground  in  a  few  localities  in  the  northern 
counties  on  the  7th  but  no  damage  was  done.  The  1st,  2d  and  4th  were 
also  exceptionally  cool  days;  the  lowest  temperature  reported  being  34°  at 
Alton,  Sioux  County,  on  the  4th,  and  at  Larrabee,  Cherokee  County,  on  the 
7th.  Higher  temperatures  prevailed  after  the  20th,  the  highest  occur- 
ing  between  the  26th  and  29th,  when  all  but  one  station  in  the  state  re- 
ported maximum  readings  of  90°  or  higher,  the  highest  being  101°  at 
several  stations.  Showers  were  frequent,  quite  well  distriButed,  but  gen- 
erally light  during  the  first  and  second  decades.  After  the  20th  the 
weather  was  very  dry,  only  a  few  light  and  widely  scattered  showers 
being  reported  during  the  last  4  days. 

From  an  agricultural  view  point,  the  month  was  very  favorable,  not- 
withstanding the  fact  that  the  weather  was  too  cool  for  corn  during  the 
first  20  days.  Sjnall  grain,  grass  and  potatoes  made  rapid  growth,  and 
at  the  close  of  the  month,  rye,  fall  wheat,  and  early  oats  were  beginning 
to  ripen  in  the  southern  counties,  and  all  grains  were  headed  out  and 
filling  nicely  in  the  northern  counties.    The  warm,  dry  weather  during 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I        13 

the  last  week  or  ten  days  was  very  beneficial  to  small  grain  in  check- 
ing the  development  of  rust  and  smut.  It  was  also  beneficial  to  corn 
which  made  rapid  growth  but  was  still  uneven  in  stand  and  size.  There 
was  more  than  the  usual  amount  of  replanting  done  on  account  of  poor 
seed,  cool  weather  and  cut  and  wire  worms.  Considerable  clover  and 
some  timothy  was  put  up  in  fine  condition  during  the  last  7  days.  The 
yields  of  cherries  and  strawberries  were  not  up  to  the  average,  but  the 
size  and  quality  of  cherries  were  much  better  than  usual.  At  the  close 
of  the  month  all  crops  are  in  good  condition,  but  late  potatoes,  late  planted 
corn,  pastures,  garden  truck  and  fruit,  especially  bush  berries,  would  be 
benefited  by  rain. 

Temperature. — The  mean  monthly  temperature  for  the  State,  as  shown 
by  the  records  of  113  stations,  was  66.2°,  which  is  2.6°  below  the  normal 
for  Iowa.  By  sections  the  mean  temperatures  were  as  follows:  Northern 
Section,  64.4°,  which  is  3.0°  below  the  normal;  Central  Section,  66.3°,  which 
is  2.7°  below  the  normal;  Southern  Section,  67.8°,  which  is  2.2°  below  the 
normal.  The  highest  monthly  mean  was  70.8°,  at  Tipton,  Cedar  County, 
and  the  lowest  monthly  mean,  62.4°,  at  Sibley,  Osceola  County.  The  high- 
est temperature  reported  was  101°,  at  Baxter,  Jasper  County,  on  the  28th, 
at  Forest  City,  Winnebago  County,  on  the  29th,  at  Odebolt,  Sac  County,  on 
the  28th,  and  at  Pacific  Junction,  Mills  County,  on  the  27th  and  28th;  the 
lowest  temperature  reported  was  34°,  at  Alton,  Sioux  County,  on  the  4th, 
and  at  Larrabee,  Cherokee  County,  on  the  7th.  The  average  monthly 
maximum  was  95°,  and  the  average  monthly  minimum  was  42°.  The 
greatest  daily  range  was  48°,  at  Washta,  Cherokee  County.  The  average 
of  the  greatest  daily  ranges  was  36°. 

Precipitation. — The  average  precipitation  for  the  State,  as  shown  by 
the  records  of  121  stations,  was  2.74  inches,  which  is  1.78  inches  below  the 
normal.  By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows:  Northern  Section, 
2.26  inches,  which  is  2.31  inches  below  the  normal;  Central  Section,  3.17 
incheis,  which  is  1.20  inches  below  the  normal;  Southern  Section,  2.80 
inches,  which  is  1.82  inches  below  the  normal.  The  greatest  amount,  5.71 
inches,  occurred  at  Harlan,  Shelby  County,  and  the  least  0.78  inch  at  Rock 
Rapids,  Lyon  County.  The  greatest  amount  in  twenty-four  hours  3.04  inches 
occurred  at  Harlan,  Shelby  County,  on  the  13th.  Measurable  precipitation 
occurred  on  an  average  of  7  days. 

Sunshine  and  Cloudiness. — The  average  number  of  clear  days  was  15; 
partly  cloudy,  9 ;  cloudy,  6.  The  duration  of  sunshine  was  above  the  nor- 
mal, the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  being  86  at  Charles  City;  75 
at  Davenport;  74  at  Des  Moines;  73  at  Dubuque;  66  at  Keokuk;  and  64 
at  Sioux  City. 

Wind.— Southeast  winds  prevailed.  The  highest  velocity  reported  was 
36  miles  an  hour  from  the  south,  at  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County,  on  the 
2nd. 


14  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

JUNE  NORMALS  FOR  IOWA— 1890-1912. 

Normal  temperature  for  June  69.4°. 

Warmest  June,  1911,  with  a  mean  temperature  of  75.7°. 

Coldest  June,  1903,  with  mean  temperature  of  64.6°. 

Normal  precipitation  for  June,  4.37  inches. 

Wettest  June,  1890,  with  total  precipitation  of  7.76  inches. 

Driest  June,  1911,  with  total  precipitation  of  1.82  inches. 

Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  of  precipitation,  9. 

Prevailing  direction  of  wind,  southeast. 

Average  number  of  clear  days,  13;  partly  cloudy,  10;  cloudy,  7. 

JULY. 

From  the  view  point  of  the  agriculturist,  July,  1912,  was  an  exception- 
ally favorable  month.  The  average  temperature  was  1.2°  above  the  nor- 
mal and  the  rainfall  was  only  0.73  inch  below  the  average  of  past  years. 

The  temperature  was  generally  above  the  normal  during  the  first  de- 
cade of  the  month,  and  was  below  the  seasonable  average  most  of  the 
time  after  the  15th,  although  there  were  one  or  two  days  during  that 
period  when  the  day  temperatures  approached  very  near  to  or  slightly 
above  the  century  mark.  The  coldest  period  was  between  the  15th  and 
19th,  inclusive,  when  the  minimum  temperatures  were  generally  below 
50°  over  the  northern  and  central  districts,  the  lowest  being  38°  at  Rock 
Rapids  on  the  17th. 

The  rainfall  came  in  the  form  of  local  showers  generally  accompanied 
by  thunder  and  lightning,  and  in  a  few  localities  by  hail  and  wind  squalls. 
The  showers  were,  however,  well  distributed  throughout  the  month  and 
fairly  well  distributed  geographically,  but  the  greater  amounts  of  rainfall 
were  reported  from  the  northern  and  central  counties,  and  the  least  from 
the  southwestern  counties.  The  only  sections  reporting  less  than  2.00 
inches  were  in  Cass,  Adair,  Taylor,  northern  Montgomery,  Wayne,  Appa- 
noose and  Delaware  counties.  From  there  the  amounts  increased  to  6.60 
inches  in  Washington  County  and  7.40  inches  in  Mitchell  County,  the 
average  for  the  state  being  3.71  inches,  which  is  1.44  inches  more  than 
was  reported  for  July,  1911,  and  1.85  inches  more  than  in  July,  1910. 
All  parts  of  the  state  received  enough  moisture  to  keep  growing  crops 
in  prime  condition,  except  in  a  few  localities  in  some  of  the  southern 
counties  where  late  corn,  pastures  and  potatoes  would  have  been  benefited 
by  a  more  generous  supply. 

As  most  of  the  showers  occurred  at  night,  rapid  progress  was  made  in 
haying  and  harvesting,  and  the  bulk  of  the  hay  and  small  grain  crops 
were  secured  in  fine  condition.  Threshing  was  well  advanced  by  the 
end  of  the  month,  in  the  southern,  and  good  progress  was  made  in  the 
central  districts.  Early  reports  from  threshers  indicated  an  abnormally 
large  yield  of  all  small  grain,  except  in  the  southeastern  counties  where 
winter  wheat  was  light  on  account  of  winter  killing.  Corn  made  an  ex- 
ceptionally rapid  growth,  and  in  spite  of  the  late  spring,  poor  seed,  and 
the  ravages  of  cut  and  wire  worms,  which  necessitated  much  re-planting, 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I        15 

the  crop  was  only  a  few  points  below  the  average  of  past  years  on  July 
31.  All  of  the  crop  is  strong  and  vigorous  and  gives  promise  of  a  large 
yield.     Potatoes  and  pastures  were  generally  in  good  condition. 

Temperature. — The  monthly  mean  temperature  for  the  State,  as  shown 
by  the  records  of  116  stations,  was  74.6°,  or  1.2°  above  the  normal  for 
Iowa.  By  sections  the  means  were  as  follows:  Northern,  72.7°,  or  0.6° 
above  the  normal;  Central,  74.7°,  or  1.0°  above  the  normal;  Southern, 
76.5°,  or  2.0°  above  the  normal.  The  highest  monthly  mean  was  78.7°,  at 
Northboro,  Page  County;  and  the  lowest  mean  was  70.0°,  at  Sibley, 
Osceola  County.  The  highest  temperature  was  103°,  at  Little  Sioux, 
Harrison  County,  on  the  14th,  and  at  Clarinda,  Page  County,  on  the  same 
date;  the  lowest  temperature  reported  was  38°  at  Rock  Rapids,  Lyon 
County,  on  the  17th.  The  average  monthly  maximum  was  98°,  and  the 
average  monthly  minimum,  49°.  The  greatest  daily  range  was  44°,  at 
Decorah,  Winneshiek  County,  and  at  Spencer,  Clay  County.  The  average 
of  the  greatest  daily  ranges  was  36°. 

Precipitation. — The  average  precipitation  for  the  State,  as  shown  by 
the  records  of  123  stations,  was  3.71  inches,  or  0.73  inch  less  than  the 
normal.  By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows::  Northern,  4.68 
inches,  or  0.40  inch  more  than  the  normal;  Central,  3.60  inches,  or  0.91 
inch  less  than  the  normal;  Southern,  2.85  inches,  or  1.69  inches  less  than 
the  normal.  The  greatest  amount,  7.56  inches,  occurred  at  Grand  Meadow, 
Clayton  County,  and  at  Guthrie  Center,  Guthrie  County;  and  the  least, 
1.17  inches,  at  Greenfield,  Adair  County.  The  greatest  amount  in  24  con- 
secutive hours,  3.43  inches,  occurred  at  V/ashington,  Washington  County, 
on  the  20th.     Measurable  precipitation  occurred  on  an  average  of  10  days. 

Sunshine  and  Cloudiness. — The  average  number  of  clear  days  was  17; 
partly  cloudy,  10;  cloudy,  4.  The  duration  of  sunshine  was  about  that 
usually  experienced,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  being  76  at 
Davenport,  SO  at  Des  Moines,  75  at  Dubuque,  72  at  Keokuk,  and  71  at 
Sioux  City. 

Wind. — ^South  winds  prevailed.  The  highest  velocity  reported  was  40 
miles  an  hour  from  the  northwest,  at  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County,  on 
the  14th. 

JULY  NORMALS  FOR  IOWA,  1890-1912. 

Normal  temperature  for  July,  73.6°. 

Warmest  July,  1901,  with  mean  temperature  of  82.4°. 

Coldest  July,  1891,  with  mean  temperature  of  68.5°. 

Normal  July  precipitation,  3.95  inches. 

Wettest  July,  1902,  with  total  precipitation  of  8.67  inches. 

Driest  July,  1894,  with  total  precipitation  of  0.63  inch. 

Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  of  precipitation,  8. 

Prevailing  direction  of  wind,  southwest. 

Average  number  of  clear  days,  17;   partly  cloudy,  10;   cloudy,  4. 


16  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

AUGUST. 

The  temperature  was  generally  below  the  normal  during  the  first  15 
days,  but  was  above  the  average  during  the  latter  half  of  the  month. 
The  average  rainfall  was  but  slightly  below  the  normal,  the  deficiency 
being  only  0.21  inch.  All  of  the  precipitation  came  in  the  form  of  local 
showers  and  practically  all  of  them  were  accompanied  by  thunder  and 
lightning,  and  in  a  few  instances  by  wind  squalls.  The  showers  were 
fairly  well  distributed  throughout  the  month,  and  with  the  exception  of 
an  abnormally  heavy  downpour  over  Dubuque,  and  nearby  counties  on  the 
night  of  the  18th  and  19th,  and  heavy  showers  in  the  west  central  coun- 
ties during  the  third  week,  and  a  deficiency  of  moisture  over  the  south- 
eastern counties,  the  rainfall  was  well  distributed  geographically.  The 
frequent  showers  interfered  with  threshing  and  stacking  small  grain,  and 
damaged  some  of  it  in  shocks,  but  they  were  of  material  benefit  to  late 
corn,  potatoes  and  pastures.  Under  the  effects  of  a  plentiful  supply  of 
moisture  and  the  high  temperatures  that  prevailed  during  the  latter  half 
of  the  month,  and  especially  the  last  week,  corn  made  very  rapid  progress 
toward  maturity;  but  owing  to  the  large  amount  of  replanting  done,  the 
crop  as  a  whole  is  10  days  or  two  weeks  later  than  usual,  and  will  require 
most  favorable  conditions  to  fully  mature  before  the  10th  of  October. 

Temperature. — The  monthly  mean  temperature  for  the  State,  as  shown 
by  the  records  of  111  stations,  was  71.0°,  or  0.8°  less  than  the  normal.  By 
sections  the  mean  temperatures  were  as  follows:  Northern,  68.9°,  or 
1.4°  less  than  the  normal;  Central,  71.2°,  or  0.7°  less  than  the  normal; 
Southern,  72.8°,  or  0.5°  less  than  the  normal.  The  highest  monthly  mean 
was  75.0°,  at  Northboro,  Page  County,  and  at  Ottumwa,  Wapello  County. 
The  lowest  monthly  mean  was  65.8°,  at  Grand  Meadow,  Clayton  County. 
The  highest  temperature  reported  was  101°,  this  occurring  at  8  stations, 
and  with  one  exception,  on  the  25th,  the  lowest  temperature  reported 
was  40°,  at  4  stations,  on  the  3d,  4th  or  14th.  The  average  monthly 
maximum  was  95°,  and  the  average  monthly  minimum  was  47.  The 
greatest  daily  range  was  46°,  at  Little  Sioux,  Logan  and  Spencer.  The 
average  of  the  greatest  daily  ranges  was  34°. 

Precipitation, — The  average  precipitation  for  the  State,  as  shown  by 
the  records  of  120  stations,  was  3.78  inches,  or  0.21  inch  less  than  the 
normal.  By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows:  Northern,  4.60  inches, 
or  1.08  inches  more  than  the  normal;  Central,  3.81  inches,  or  0.24  inch 
less  than  the  normal;  Southern,  3.01  inches,  or  1.39  inches  less  than  the 
normal.  The  greatest  amount,  7.90  inches,  occurred  at  Fayette,  Fayette 
County,  and  the  least,  0.89  inch,  at  Washington,  Washington  County. 
The  greatest  amount  in  twenty-four  consecutive  hours,  5.50  inches,  oc- 
curred at  Olin,  Jones  County,  on  the  19th.  Measurable  precipitation  oc- 
curred on  an  average  of  10  days. 

Sunshine  and  Cloudiness. — The  average  number  of  clear  days  was 
15;  partly  cloudy,  10;  cloudy,  6.  The  duration  of  sunshine  was  less  than 
the  normal,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  being  65  at  Charles 
City;  69  at  Davenport;  64  at  Des  Moines;  64  at  Dubuque;  61  at  Keokuk; 
and  73  at  Sioux  City. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I        17 

Southwesterly  winds  prevailed.  The  highest  velocity  reported  was  39 
miles  an  hour  from  the  south,  at  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County,  on  the 
11th. 

AUGUST  NORMALS  FOR  IOWA,  1890—1912. 

Normal  temperature  for  August,  71.7°. 

Warmest  August,  1900,  with  mean  temperature  of  77.4". 

Coldest  August,  1890,  with  mean  temperature  of  68.4°. 

Normal  August  precipitation,  3.61  inches. 

Wettest  August,  1903,  with  total  precipitation  of  6.64  inches. 

Driest  August,  1901,  with  total  precipitation  of  1.29  inches. 

Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  of  precipitation,  7. 

Prevailing  direction  of  wind,  south. 

Average  number  of  clear  days,  16;  partly  cloudy,  10;  cloudy,  5. 

SEPTEMBER. 

The  period  of  high  temperatures  that  began  on  August  30th  continued 
until  September  9th,  the  temperature  gradually  increasing,  and  culminat- 
ing with  readings  above  the  century  mark  at  several  stations  in  the  south- 
ern section  on  the  8th  and  9th.  The  highest  temperature  reported  was 
104°  at  Ottumwa  on  the  8th.  Much  cooler  weather  prevailed  after  the 
9th,  and  the  temperature  was  below  the  normal  nearly  every  day  after  the 
12th;  the  lowest  occurring  generally  on  the  26th  or  29th,  when  heavy  to 
killing  frosts  with  temperatures  near  or  below  the  freezing  point  were  re- 
ported from  all  sections  of  the  state.  Showers  were  frequent  and  the 
amounts  of  rainfall  were  fairly  well  distributed,  except  over  Jefferson, 
Wapello,  Davis  and  Appanoose  Counties,  where  the  total  for  the  month 
was  considerably  less  than  one  inch.  The  greatest  amounts  are  reported 
from  the  west-central  counties.  Rain  fell  somewhere  in  the  State  on  every 
day  of  the  month  except  the  30th;  and  as  a  result  threshing  was  delayed 
and  considerable  grain  in  shock  and  stacks  was  damaged.  The  rains,  how- 
ever, put  the  ground  in  excellent  condition  for  fall  plowing  and  seeding, 
and  were  very  beneficial  to  pastures  and  meadows.  Corn  made  unusually 
rapid  progress  toward  maturity  during  the  first  12  days  of  the  month,  but 
the  cool  weather  following  checked  the  rapid  development,  and  about  20 
per  cent  of  the  crop  was  more  or  less  damaged  by  the  killing  frosts  and 
freezing  temperatures  during  the  last  week.  The  total  yield  will,  however, 
be  greater  than  was  ever  before  produced  in  the  State. 

Temperatuee. — The  monthly  mean  temperature  for  the  State,  as  shown 
by  the  records  of  109  stations,  was  62.1°,  or  1.6°  less  than  the  normal.  By 
sections  the  mean  temperatures  were  as  follows:  Northern,  60.3°,  or  1.8° 
less  than  the  normal;  Central,  62.2°,  or  1.4°  less  than  the  normal;  Southern 
63.7°,  or  1.8°  less  than  the  normal.  The  highest  monthly  mean  was  67.4°, 
at  Keokuk,  Lee  County,  and  the  lowest  monthly  mean  was  57.6°,  at  Rock 
Rapids,  Lyon  County,  and  at  Sibley,  Osceola  County.  The  highest  temper- 
ature reported  was  104°,  at  Ottumwa,  Wapello  County,  on  the  8th;  the 
lowest  temperature  reported  was  24°,  at  Bedford,  Taylor  County,  on  the 
26th  and  30th.  The  average  monthly  maximum  was  95°,  and  the  average 
2 


18  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

monthly  minimum  was  30°.    The  greatest  daily  range  was  47°,  at  Bedford. 
The  average  of  the  greatest  daily  ranges  was  34°. 

Precipitation. — The  average  precipitation  for  the  State,  as  shown  by 
the  records  of  119  stations,  was  3.98  inches,  or  0.57  inch  greater  than  the 
normal.  By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows:  Northern,  3.0-9  inches, 
or  0.32  inch  less  than  the  normal;  Central,  5.14  inches,  or  1.90  inches  more 
than  the  normal;  Southern,  3.70  inches,  or  0.13  inch  more  than  the  normal. 
The  greatest  monthly  amount,  10.12  inches,  occurred  at  Audubon,  Audubon 
County,  and  the  least,  0.28  inch,  at  Centerville,  Appanoose  County.  The 
greatest  amount  in  24  consecutive  hours,  4.10  inches,  occurred  at  Guthrie 
Center,  Guthrie  County,  on  the  2d.  Measurable  precipitation  occurred  on 
an  average  of  11  days. 

Snow. — A  trace  of  snow  occurred  at  Marshalltown  on  the  18th,  at  North- 
wood,  on  the  26th  and  at  Storm  Dake  on  the  17th. 

Sunshine  and  Cloudiness. — ^The  average  number  of  clear  days  was  12; 
partly  cloudy,  8;  cloudy,  10.  The  duration  of  sunshine  was  somewhat  less 
than  the  normal,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  being  63  at  Charles 
City,  60  at  Davenport,  52  at  Des  Moines,  58  at  Dubuque,  63  at  Keokuk 
and  56  at  Sioux  City. 

Wind. — Southwest  winds  prevailed.  The  highest  velocity  reported  was 
40  miles  an  hour  from  the  west,  at  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County,  on  the 
5th. 

SEPTEMBER  NORMALS  FOR  IOWA,  1890-1912. 

Normal  temperature  for  September,  64.1°. 

Warmest  September,  1897,  with. mean  temperature  of  70.9°. 

Coldest  September,  1896,  with  mean  temperature  of  58.5°. 

Normal  September  precipitation,  3.19  inches. 

Wettest  September,  1911,  with  total  precipitation  of  5.12  inches. 

Driest  September,  1899,  with  total  precipitation  of  0.93  inch. 

A  trace  of  snow  fell  in  the  State  during  September,  1908,  1911  and  1912. 

Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  precipitation,  7. 

Prevailing  direction  of  wind,  south. 

Average  number  of  clear  days,  15;  partly  cloudy,  8;  cloudy,  7. 

OCTOBER. 

October,  1912,  was  characterized  by  an  unusually  long  period  of  fine 
Indian  summer  weather  during  the  latter  half  of  the  month;  there  being 
only  one  storm  period,  of  short  duration  during  that  time.  The  first  half 
of  the  month,  how§ver,  gave  an  excess  of  rainfall,  but  most  of  it  came 
during  a  few  heavy  showers,  so  the  month,  as  a  whole,  was  exceptionally 
pleasant  and  favorable  for  farm  operations  and  other  out-door  work.  The 
mean  temperature  was  about  normal,  there  being  an  excess  of  only  0.3°. 
There  was  no  very  cold  weather  until  the  23d,  when  freezing  tempera- 
tures occurred  in  all  parts  of  the  state,  being  the  first  killing  frost  in  the 
counties  adjacent  to  the  Mississippi  River.  Another  and  generally  colder 
period  occurred  near  the  close  of  the  month;  the  lowest  temperature  at 
most  stations  being  recorded  on  the  30th. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YETAH  BOOK— PART  I  19 

While  rain  fell  on  an  average  of  6  days,  most  of  the  rain  came  between 
the  9th  and  11th,  and  was  much  heavier  in  the  southern  than  in  the 
northern  counties.  A  few  flakes  of  snow,  being  the  first  of  the  season, 
were  observed  at  numerous  stations  in  the  southern  half  of  the  state  on 
the  30th  or  31st.  Considering  the  season  of  the  year  and  the  compara- 
tively few  rainy  days  there  was  more  than  the  usual  number  of  thunder- 
storms. A  very  destructive  electric  storm  occurred  in  the  vicinity  of 
Dubuque  on  the  afternoon  of  the  20th,  during  which  considerable  property 
was  destroyed  by  fire. 

The  dry,  clear  weather  was  very  favorable  for  drying  out  the  corn 
crop  and  harvesting  potatoes.  Corn  was  not  quite  dry  enough  at  the  end 
of  the  month  for  cribbing,  although  considerable  husking  was  done  dur- 
ing the  last  decade  of  the  month.  Fall  plowing  progressed  rapidly  and 
winter  grains  and  pastures  are  in  fine  condition. 

Temperature. — The  monthly  mean  temperature  for  the  State,  as  shown 
by  the  records  of  114  stations,  was  52.2°,  or  0.3°  above  the  normal  for 
Iowa.  By  sections  the  mean  temperatures  were  as  follows:  Northern, 
50.3°,  or  0.2°  above  the  normal;  Central,  52.2°,  or  0.4°  above 
the  normal;  Southern,  54.0°,  or  0.2°  above  the  normal.  The  highest 
monthly  mean  was  56.6°,  at  Bloomfield,  Davis  County,  and  the  lowest 
monthly  mean  46.4°,  at  Rock  Rapids,  Lyon  County.  The  highest  tempera- 
ture reported  was  92°,  at  Bonaparte,  Van  Buren  County,  on  the  6th;  the 
lowest  temperature  reported  was  16°,  at  Inwood,  Lyon  County,  on  the 
30th.  The  average  monthly  maximum  was  85°,  and  the  average  monthly 
minimum  was  24°.  The  greatest  daily  range  was  52°,  at  Keosauqua,  Van 
Buren  County.    The  average  of  the  greatest  daily  ranges  was  38°. 

Precipitation. — The  average  precipitation  for  the  State,  as  shown  by 
the  records  of  120  stations,  was  2.97  inches,  or  0.62  inch  more  than  the 
normal.  By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows:  Northern,  1.88  inches, 
or  0.39  inch  less  than  the  normal;  Central,  3.33  inches,  or  0.89  inch  more 
than  the  normal;  Southern,  3.71  inches,  or  1.36  inches  more  than  the 
normal.  The  greatest  amount,  5.77  inches,  occurred  at  Bloomfield,  Davis 
County,  and  the  least,  1.03  inches,  at  Decorah,  Winneshiek  County.  The 
greatest  amount  in  24  consecutive  hours  was  2.60  inches  on  the  11th,  at 
Bloomfield,  Davis  County.  Measurable  precipitation  occurred  on  an  aver- 
age of  6  days. 

Snow. — The  first  snowfall  of  the  season  occurred  on  the  last  day  of 
the  month,  being  confined  to  the  southern  half  of  the  state.  Only  two 
stations  reported  more  than  a  trace. 

Sunshine  and  Cloudiness. — The  average  number  of  clear  days  was  21; 
partly  cloudy,  3;  cloudy,  7.  The  duration  of  sunshine  was  considerably 
above  the  normal,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  being  72  at 
Charles  City;  74  at  Davenport;  75  at  Des  Moines;  67  at  Dubuque;  71 
at  Keokuk;  and  75  at  Sioux  City. 

Wind. — South  winds  prevailed.  The  highest  velocity  reported  was  48 
miles  an  hour  from  the  south,  at  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County,  on  the 
28th. 


20  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

OCTOBER  NORMALS  FOR  IOWA— 1890-1912. 

Normal  temperature  for  October,  51.8°. 

Warmest  October,  1900,  with  mean  temperature  of  59.3°. 

Coldest  October,  1895,  with  mean  temperature  of  46.0°. 

Normal  October  precipitation,  2.32  inches. 

Wettest  October,  1900,  with  total  precipitation  of  3.91  inches. 

Driest  October,  1895,  with  total  precipitation  of  0.47  inches. 

Normal  snowfall  for  October,  0.4  inch. 

Two  stations  reported  measurable  amounts,  and  several  reported  a  trace 
of  snowfall  on  October  31,  1912,  all  of  which  were  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  state. 

Greatest  snowfall  in  October,  3.6  inches  in  1898. 

Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  precipitation,  6. 

Prevailing  direction  of  wind,  northwest. 

Average  number  of  clear  daj^s,  16;  partly  cloudy,  7;  cloudy,  8. 

NOVEMBER. 

November,  1912,  was  an  ideal  month  for  gathering  the  largest  corn 
crop  ever  produced  in  this  state,  and  for  all  other  outdoor  work.  The 
weather  was  mild  and  dry,  with  a  great  excess  of  sunshine,  there  being 
an  average  of  18  clear  days,  8  partly  cloudy,  4  cloudy,  and  an  average  of 
only  2  days  with  an  appreciable  amount  of  precipitation.  During  the  past 
23  years,  there  have  been  only  four  Novembers  that  gave  a  higher  mean 
temperature  than  obtained  during  the  past  month,  and  only  one  with  a 
smaller  number  of  rainy  days.  While  a  few  of  the  nights  were  moderately 
cold,  the  days  were  generally  mild  and  pleasant,  and  corn  husking  was  in- 
terfered with  on  only  one  day,  so  that  rapid  progress  was  made  in  that 
work,  and  at  the  close  of  the  month  nearly  all  of  the  crop  had  been  har- 
vested. With  the  exception  of  a  rather  severe  tljunderstorm  at  Clarinda 
on  the  5th,  no  storms  of  consequence  were  reported,  and  but  little  snow 
fell;  the  average  snowfall  being  a  trace  in  the  northern  and  central  sec- 
tions of  the  state,  and  0.1  inch  in  the  southern  section.  The  greatest 
monthly  snowfall  was  1.0  inch  at  Stockport,  Van  Buren  County. 

Tempeeatuee. — The  monthly  mean  temperature  for  the  state,  as  shown 
by  the  records  of  112  stations,  was  40.1°,  or  4.2°  higher  than  the  normal 
for  Iowa.  By  sections  the  mean  temperatures  were  as  follows:  Northern, 
38.0°,  or  4.3°  higher  than  the  normal;  Central,  40.3°,  or  4.6°  higher  than 
the  normal;  Southern,  41.9°,  or  3.7°  higher  than  the  normal.  The  highest 
monthly  mean  was  44.4°,  at  Keokuk,  Lee  County;  and  the  lowest  monthly 
mean,  34.7°,  at  Rock  Rapids,  Lyon  County.  The  highest  temperature  re- 
ported was  77°,  at  Northboro,  Page  County,  on  the  11th;  and  the  lowest 
temperature  reported  was  6°,  at  Inwood,  Lyon  County,  on  the  24th.  The 
average  monthly  highest  was  69°;  and  the  average  monthly  lowest  was 
14°.  The  greatest  daily  range  was  47°,  at  Lake  Park,  Dickinson  County, 
and  at  Rock  Rapids,  Lyon  County.  The  average  of  the  greatest  daily 
ranges  was  37°. 

Precipitation. — The  average  precipitation  for  the  state,  as  shown  by 
the  records  of  123  stations,  was  0.98  inch,  or  0.41  inch  less  than  the  normal. 
By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows:     Northern,  0.95  inch,  or  0.36 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I        21 

inch  less  than  the  normal;  Central,  1.03  inches,  or  0.40  inch  less  than  the 
normal;  Southern,  0.96  inch,  or  0.48  inch  less  than  the  normal.  The  great- 
est amount,  2.38  inches,  occurred  at  Storm  Lake,  Buena  Vista  County,  and 
there  was  none,  at  Rock  Rapids,  Lyon  County.  The  greatest  amount  in 
any  24  consecutive  hours,  2.38  inches,  occurred  at  Storm  Lake,  on  the 
12th.    Measurable  precipitation  occurred  on  an  average  of  2  days. 

Snow. — The  average  fall  for  the  Northern  Section  was  a  trace,  for  the 
Central  a  trace,  and  for  the  Southern  0.1  inch.  For  the  state  the  average 
was  a  trace.  Stockport,  Van  Buren  County,  reported  the  greatest  monthly 
snowfall,  1.0  inch. 

Sunshine  and  Cloudiness. — The  average  number  of  clear  days  was  18; 
partly  cloudy,  8;  cloudy,  4.  The  duration  of  sunshine  was  much  above  the 
normal,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  being  69  at  Charles  City; 
66  at  Davenport;  81  at  Des  Moines;  57  at  Dubuque;  69  at  Keokuk,  and  74 
at  Sioux  City. 

Wind. — Northwest  winds  prevailed.  The  highest  velocity  reported  was 
at  the  rate  of  48  miles  an  hour  from  the  northwest,  at  Sioux  City,  Wood- 
bury County,  on  the  22d. 

NOVEMBER  NORMALS  FOR  IOWA— 1890-1912. 
Normal  temperature  for  November,  35.8°. 
Warmest  November,  1899,  with  mean  temperature  of  43.9°. 
Coldest  November,  1896,  with  mean  temperature  of  29.6°. 
Normal  precipitation  for  November,  1.45  inch. 
Wettest  November,  1909,  with  total  precipitation  of  5.39  inches. 
Driest  November,  1904,  with  total  precipitation  of  0.15  inch. 
Average  depth  of  snowfall  for  November,  2.4  inches  (1892  to  1912  in- 
clusive). 

Greatest  snowfall  in  November,  8.7  inches  in  1898. 

Least  snowfall  in  November,  trace  in  1912. 

Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  of  precipitation,  5. 

Prevailing  direction  of  wind,  northwest. 

Average  number  of  clear  days,  13;  partly  cloudy,  8;   cloudy,  9. 

DECEMBER. 

December,  like  November  and  the  latter  half  of  October,  was  unusually 
mild  and  pleasant,  with  high  average  temperatures,  deficiency  of  precipi- 
tation, excess  of  sunshine  and  no  storms  of  importance.  It  was  the  warm- 
est December  since.  1896,  and  the  mean  temperature  has  been  exceeded 
only  twice,  December,  1891,  and  1896,  since  state-wide  observations  began 
in  1890.  The  12th  was  generally  the  coldest  day,  but  the  lowest  tempera- 
ture recorded  in  the  state,  — 13°,  occurred  at  Inwood,  Lyon  County,  on  the 
6th. 

The  precipitation  was  light,  there  being  only  62  per  cent  of  the  normal 
amount  and  most  of  it  came  during  the  first  five  days.  After  the  5th, 
only  light  snow  flurries  occurred  at  most  stations.  The  amount  of  snow- 
fall was  also  very  light,  and  especially  so  over  the  central  and  southern 
districts,  where  the  average  amount  for  the  month  was  only  0.6  inch.  The 
greatest  amounts  of  snowfall  were  reported  from  the  extreme  north  central 
counties.    The  clear,  mild  and  dry  weather  was  favorable  for  all  kinds  of 


22  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

out-door  work,  but  the  ground  is  very  dry  and  more  snow  is  needed  for 
fall  sown  grains. 

Tempebattjee. — The  monthly  mean  temperature  for  the  state,  as  shown 
by  the  records  of  115  stations,  was  29.2°,  or  5.6°  higher  than  the  normal  for 
Iowa.  By  sections  the  mean  temperatures  were  as  follows:  Northern, 
26.3°,  or  5.4°  higher  than  the  normal;  Central,  29.8°,  or  6.0°  higher  than 
the  normal;  Southern,  31.6°,  or  5.4°  higher  than  the  normal.  The  highest 
monthly  mean  was  34.8°,  at  Ottumwa,  Wapello  County;  and  the  lowest 
monthly  mean,  21.6°,  at  Rock  Rapids,  Lyon  County.  The  highest  tempera- 
ture reported  was  64°,  at  Keokuk,  Lee  County,  on  the  5th;  the  lowest 
temperature  reported  was  — 13°,  at  Inwood,  Lyon  County,  on  the  6th. 
The  average  monthly  highest  was  55°,  and  the  average  monthly  lowest 
was  zero.  The  greatest  daily  range  was  46°,  at  Inwood,  Lyon  County.  The 
average  of  the  greatest  daily  range  was  38°. 

Precipitation. — The  average  precipitation  for  the  state,  as  shown  by  the 
records  of  122  stations,  was  0.74  inch,  or  0.45  inch  less  than  the  normal. 
By  sections  the  averages  were  as  follows:  Northern,  0.91  inch,  or  0.12 
inch  less  than  the  normal;  Central,  0.71  inch,  or  0.49  inch  less  than  the 
normal;  Southern,  0.59  inch,  or  0.74  inch  less  than  the  normal.  The 
greatest  amount,  1.75  inches,  occurred  at  Northwood,  Worth  County,  and 
the  least,  0.10  inch,  at  Lake  Park,  Dickinson  County,  and  at  Sheldon, 
O'Brien  County.  The  greatest  amount  in  any  24  consecutive  hours,  1.30 
inches,  occurred  at  Chariton,  Lucas  County,  on  the  1st.  Measurable  pre- 
cipitation occurred  on  an  average  of  3  days. 

Snow. — The  average  snowfall  for  the  state  was  1.1  inches.  By  sections 
the  averages  were  as  follows:  Northern,  2.2  inches;  Central,  0.4  inch; 
Southern,  0.8  inch.  The  greatest  monthly  amount,.  11.0  inches,  occurred 
at  Northwood,  Worth  County. 

Sunshine  and  CLoumNESs. — The  average  number  of  clear  days  was  18; 
partly  cloudy,  7;  cloudy,  6.  The  duration  of  sunshine  was  much  above 
the  normal,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  being  64  at  Charles 
City;  71  at  Davenport;  73  at  Des  Moines;  55  at  Dubuque;  66  at  Keokuk; 
and  67  at  Sioux  City. 

Wind. — Southwest  winds  prevailed.  The  highest  velocity  reported  was 
47  miles  an  hour  from  the  north,  at  Sioux  City,  Woodbury  County,  on  the 
1st. 

DECEMBER  NORMALS  FOR  IOWA— 1890-1912. 

Normal  temperature  for  December,  24.4°. 
Warmest  December,  1891,  with  mean  temperature  of  32.3°. 
Coldest  December,  1909,  with  mean  temperature  of  15.5°. 
Normal  precipitation  for  December,  1.20  inches. 
Wettest  December,  1911,  with  total  precipitation  of  2.57  inches. 
Driest  December,  1910,  with  total  precipitation  of  0.37  inch. 
Average  depth  of  snowfall  for  December,  6.2  inches   (1892  to  1912  in- 
clusive). 

Greatest  amount  of  snowfall  in  December,  15.9  inches  in  1897. 
Least  amount  of  snowfall  in  December,  1.1  inches  in  1912. 
Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  of  precipitation,  5. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I 
COMPARATIVE  DATA  FOR  THE  STATE— ANNUAL. 


23 


Temperature 


03 

3 

a 

§ 

o 

n 

<v 

ID 

^ 

K 

Date 


Date 


Precipitation 

in  inches 

03 

3 

^^ 

a 

3 

S3 

a 

n 

3 

eS 

c« 

0) 

C3 

OJ 

< 

O 

H^ 

1891__ 


1894.. 
1895_. 


1900.. 
1901.. 
1902.. 
1903.. 
1904.. 
1906-. 
1906.. 
1907.. 
1908.. 
1909.. 
1910.. 
1911.. 
1912.. 


48.0 
47.3 
46.6 
45.7 
49.7 
47.2 
48.6 
47.8 
47.7 
47.3 
49.3 
49.0 
47.7 
47.2 
46.3 
47.2 
48.4 
47.4 
49.5 
47.4 
48.6 
49.5 
46.4 


110 
106 
104 
102 
109 
104 
104 
106 
103 
104 
103 
113 
9S 
101 
100 
104 
102 
102 
101 
103 
108 
111 
104 


July    13 

August     9.. 

July    11 

July*    13-... 

July    26 

May    28 

July    3 

July*    23--.. 
August    20.. 
September 
August   3... 

July   22 

July   30 

August    24.  , 

July   17 

August   11- 

July    21 

July   5 

August    3— . 
August*    15. 

July   16 

July*   3 

September  J 


—27  i 

-31  i 

—38 

-36 

—37 

—33 

—20 

—30 

—25 

—40 

—27 

—31 

—31 

—27 

—32 

—41 

—32 

-^1 

—18 

—26 

—35 

—35 

-47 


January  22... 
February  4... 
January  19... 
January  14... 
January    25... 

February  1 

January    4 

January  25... 
December  31. .. 
February  11.. 
February  15. 
December  15.. 
January  27... 
December  13.. 
January  27-_. 
Febi-uary  2*. 
February  10. 
February  5.. 
January  29-_. 
February*  15. 
January  7... 
January  3... 
January    12... 


31.30 

45.74 

16.00 

32.90 

49.05 

23.48 

36.58 

48.77 

24.78 

27.59 

33.27 

19.19 

21.94 

29.81 

15.65 

26.77 

35.25 

18.57 

37.23 

51.60 

28.68 

26.98 

36.18 

20.21 

31.34 

55.47 

19.51 

28.68 

42.06 

21.79 

35.05 

47.33 

25.05 

24.41 

37.69 

16.35 

43.82 

58.80 

20.14 

35.39 

50.53 

26.41 

28.51 

38.93 

19.34 

36.56 

52.26 

24.66 

31.60 

44.34; 

20.63 

31.61 

43.90 

19.93 

35.26 

49.98 

24.11 

40.01 

53.48 

27.20 

19.87 

27.99 

12.11 

31.37 

46.77 

19.74 

28.89 

38.13 

16.25 

34.2 
37.2 
19.2 
26.0 
22.6 
38.8 
40.3; 
23.4 
25.8 
38.5 
28.0 
19.4 
29.2 
38.3 
32.8 
24.0 
22.7 
49.0 
23.4 
35.3 
39.5 


'And  other  dates. 


ANNUAL  NORMALS   FOR   IOWA— 1890-1912. 


Annual  normal  temperature,  47.8. 

Warmest  year,  1894,  with  mean  temperature  of  49.7°. 

Coldest  year,  1893,  with  mean  temperature  of  45.7°. 

Annual  normal  precipitation,  31.45  inches. 

Wettest  year,  1902,  with  total  precipitation  of  43.82  inches. 

Driest  year,  1910,  with  total  precipitation  of  19.87  inches. 

Average  annual  snowfall,  30.8  inches. 

Greatest  annual  snowfall,  49.0  inches  in  1909. 

Least  annual  snowfall,  19.2  inches,  in  1894. 

Average  number  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  precipitation,  81. 

Prevailing  direction  of  wind,  northwest. 

Average  number  of  clear  days,  164;  partly  cloudy,  104;  cloudy,  97. 


24 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


D   I 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I        25 


CLIMATE  AND  CROP  REVIEW 


SEASON  1912. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  both  the  average  temperature  and  the 
average  precipitation  were  below  the  normal,  and  especially  so  during  the 
growing  season,  the  year  1912,  was,  from  an  agricultural  standpoint,  the 
most  productive  year  in  the  history  of  Iowa.  The  yield  of  all  staple  farm 
crops  was  far  in  excess  of  the  average  of  past  years.  .  Considering  the  fact 
that  the  spring  was  late  and  cold,  seed  poor,  cut  and  wire  worms  destruc- 
tive, and  the  unusually  great  amount  of  replanting  done,  the  abnormally 
large  yield  of  corn  is  remarkable;  the  estimated  yield  being  nearly 
5  bushels  per  acre  more  than  was  ever  produced  in  the  state,  and  12  bushels 
per  acre  more  than  the  average  of  the  past  22  years. 

The  first  three  months  of  the  year  gave  the  lowest  average  temperature 
and  the  most  snow  of  any  like  period  since  the  establishment  of  the 
Weather  Service  in  Iowa.  January  was  the  coldest  month  ever  exper- 
ienced in  the  history  of  Iowa.  Not  only  was  it  the  coldest,  but  the  dura- 
tion of  the  extremely  cold  period  broke  all  previous  records.  The  severe 
cold  weather  caused  a  great  amount  of  damage  to  water  pipes  and  mains, 
and  suffering  among  the  poor  people  and  live  stock,  but  fortunately  the 
ground  was  covered  by  a  thick  mantle  of  snow  which  protected  the  fall 
sown  grains. 

With  the  exception  of  low  temperatures  during  the  first  12  days  and 
the  heavy  snow  storm  over  the  southern  and  eastern  counties  on  the  night 
of  the  25th  and  26th,  February  was  a  very  pleasant  winter  month.  The 
high  winds  accompanying  the  snow  storm  in  the  southern  counties  caused 
the  snow  to  drift  badly,  and  as  a  result  traffic  on  highways  and  railroads 
was  delayed.    Many  highways  were  blocked  for  two  or  three  days. 

March  was  one  of,  if  not  the  coldest  month  of  that  name  on  record,  and 
it  gave  more  snow  than  any  month  of  any  year  since  state-wide  observations 
began  in  1890.  The  first  half  of  the  month  was  remarkable  for  the  persis- 
tency of  low  temperatures,  the  mean  being  from  10°  to  25°  below  the  nor- 
mal almost  daily.  The  latter  half  of  the  month  was  milder,  but  on  only 
one  or  two  days  was  the  mean  temperature  above  the  normal  or  the  min- 
imum temperature  above  the  freezing  point.  However,  a  decided  change 
to  spring-like  conditions  set  in  toward  the  close  of  the  month,  during  which 
time  the  snow  melted  rapidly,  and  by  the  31st  it  had  practically  disap- 
peared, except  where  it  lay  in  drifts.  Heavy  snowstorms  occurred  on  the 
14th-15th  and  20th,  which  were  injurious  to  railroad  traffic.  Many  trains 
were  delayed  from  10  to  24  hours,  and  on  some  of  the  branch  lines  trains 
were  abandoned  for  one  or  two  days.  In  the  southern  half  of  the  state,  ice 
in  the  rivers  went  out  between  the  24th  and  28th,  but  in  the  extreme  north- 


26  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

ern  counties  the  ice  was  intact  on  the  31st.  Practically  all  of  the  frost  was 
out  of  the  ground  by  the  close  of  the  month.  No  field  work  was  practicable, 
but  fall  sown  grains  were  showing  up  in  good  condition  after  the  disap- 
pearance of  the  heavy  snow,  which  had  covered  the  fields  since  December 
17th. 

The  most  important  features  of  April  were  the  destructive  wind  storms 
at  Earlham  and  Boone,  on  the  13th,  and  the  unusually  heavy  snowstorm 
over  the  southern  and  eastern  counties  on  the  17th.  Thirty-six  stations 
within  the  area  of  the  storm  reported  an  average  of  4.0  inches  of  snow- 
fall; the  greatest  amount  being  12,0  inches  at  Wapello.  As  a  whole,  the 
month  was  quite  favorable  for  farm  operations,  but  owing  to  the  fact  that 
no  field  work  was  done  in  March,  spring  seeding  was  not  completed  until 
the  close  of  the  month.  At  the  end  of  the  month  the  early  sown  oats  were 
up.  grass  was  improved  and  some  stock  was  in  pasture.  Cherry  and  plum 
trees  were  beginning  to  bloom  in  the  southern  counties,  but  in  the  re- 
mainder of  the  state  the  buds  were  still  dormant  or  just  beginning  to  swell. 

May  was  warm  and  moderately  dry,  but  on  the  whole  the  conditions 
were  favorable  for  agricultural  pursuits.  The  average  temperature  was 
above  the  normal,  but  freezing  temperatures  occurred  in  all  but  the  extreme 
southern  counties  on  the  14th,  though  no  material  damage  was  done  except 
to  prevent  the  germination  of  corn  that  had  been  planted.  Owing  to  poor 
seed,  cold  weather,  cut  and  wire  worms,  considerable  replanting  was  nec- 
essary, but  at  the  close  of  the  month  nearly  all  of  the  corn  was  planted 
and  the  early  planting  was  up.  The  cool  weather  and  frequent  showers 
were  beneficial  to  small  grains  and  grasses. 

From  an  agricultural  viewpoint,  June  was  a  very  favorable  month,  not- 
withstanding the  fact  that  the  weather  was  too  cool  for  corn  during  the 
first  20  days.  The  average  temperature  and  rainfall  were  below  normal, 
but  temperatures  ranging  from  90°  to  101°  were  recorded  between  the  26th 
and  29th,  and  light  showers  were  frequent  prior  to  the  20th.  After  the 
20th  the  weather  was  very  dry.  All  vegetation  made  rapid  growth,  how- 
ever, and  at  the  close  of  the  month  small  grains  were  beginning  to  ripen 
in  the  southern  and  were  headed  out  and  filling  nicely  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  state. 

The  temperature  was  generally  above  the  normal  during  the  first  decade 
of  July,  and  was  below  the  seasonable  average  most  of  the  time  after  the 
15th.  although  there  were  one  or  two  days  during  that  period  when  the  day 
temperatures  approached,  or  were  slightly  above,  100°.  The  showers  were 
generally  light,  but  all  parts  of  the  state  received  enough  moisture  to 
keep  growing  crops  in  prime  condition  except  in  a  few  localities  in  the 
southern  counties,  where  late  corn,  pastures  and  potatoes  would  have  been 
benefited  by  a  more  generous  supply.  As  most  of  the  showers  occurred 
at  night,  rapid  progress  was  made  in  haying  and  harvesting,  and  the  bulk 
of  the  hay  and  small  grain  crops  were  secured  in  fine  condition.  Threshing 
was  well  advanced  by  the  end  of  the  month  in  the  southern,  and  good 
progress  was  made  in  the  central  districts. 

The  temperature  was  generally  below  the  normal  during  the  first  15  days, 
and  above  the  average  during  the  latter  half  of  August.  Although  the 
average  rainfall  was  slightly  below  the  normal,  showers  were  frequent  and 
fairly  well  distributed.     The  frequent  showers  interfered  with  threshing 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I        27 

and  stacking  small  grain,  and  damaged  some  of  it  in  shocks,  but  they  were 
of  material  benefit  to  late  corn,  potatoes  and  pastures.  Corn  made  rapid 
progress  toward  maturity,  but  owing  to  the  large  amount  of  late  planted 
corn,  the  crop  as  a  whole  was  10  days  to  two  weeks  later  than  usual. 

The  first  10  days  of  September  were  excessively  warm,  but  much  cooler 
weather  prevailed  after  that  date  with  killing  frosts  and  temperatures  near 
or  below  the  freezing  point  on  the  26th  and  29th.  Rain  fell  somewhere  in 
the  state  on  every  day  of  the  month,  except  the  30th,  and  as  -a  result  thresh- 
ing was  delayed  and  considerable  grain  in  shock  and  stacks  was  damaged. 
The  rains,  however,  put  the  ground  in  excellent  condition  for  fall  plowing 
and  seeding,  and  were  very  beneficial  to  pastures  and  meadows.  Corn  made 
unusually  rapid  progress  during  the  first  12  days,  but  the  cool  weather 
following  checked  the  rapid  development,  and  from  20  to  30  per  cent  of  tlie 
crop  was  more  or  less  damaged  by  the  killing  frosts  and  freezing  tempera- 
tures during  the  last  week. 

The  first  half  of  October  was  wet,  but  the  remainder  of  that  month  and 
all  of  November  and  December  was  dry  and  pleasant,  with  much  Indian 
Summer  weather  during  the  early  part  of  the  period.  There  being  no 
storms  of  importance  after  the  middle  of  October,  rapid  progress  was  made 
during  October  and  November  in  gathering  the  largest  crop  of  corn  ever 
produced  in  the  state,  and  practically  all  of  the  crop  was  in  cribs  by  the  10th 
of  December.  The  contrast  between  the  first  three  and  last  three  months 
of  1912  was  very  marked.  The  first  three  months  were  abnormally  cold 
with  an  excessive  amount  of  snow,  while  most  of  the  last  three  was  mild 
and  pleasant  with  a  great  excess  of  clear  days. 


28  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


CLIMATE  AND  CROP  BULLETINS 


Summaries  of  Weekly  Bulletins  Issued  in  the  Season  of  1912. 

Bulletin  No.  1. — For  the  week  ending  April  14. — The  winter  was  se- 
verely cold  and  of  long  duration,  and  the  amount  of  snowfall  was  the 
greatest  on  record.  The  larger  part  of  the  state  was  covered  with  snow 
nearly  all  of  the  time  from  December  20th  to  about  March  25th.  The 
snow  went  off  rapidly  after  March  20th,  but  as  there  was  but  little  frost 
in  the  ground,  the  larger  part  of  the  water  was  absorbed  by  the  soil,  yet 
all  streams  were  at  a  high  stage  at  the  close  of  the  month,  and  much  bot- 
tom ground,  especially  in  the  southern  counties,  was  flooded.  The  heavy 
mantle  of  snow  afforded  a  good  protection  to  fall-sown  grains  and  grasses 
and  they  are  now  in  good  condition,  except  in  the  counties  along  the 
Mississippi  River  from  Scott  county  southward,  where  the  snow  covering 
was  light  during  the  cold  weather  in  January  and  most  of  February.  The 
past  week  has  been  favorable  for  field  work,  and  much  seeding,  plowing 
and  disking  has  been  done  with  the  soil  in  excellent  tilth.  The  acreage 
,of  winter  wheat  is  much  greater  than  it  was  last  year,  but  the  extent  of 
spring  seeding  depends  largely  on  the  conditions  during  the  next  few 
days,  as  only  about  one-half  to  two-thirds  of  the  acreage  intended  for 
small  grain  has  yet  been  seeded.  Many  potatoes  have  been  planted  and 
gardens  made.  Fruits  have  remained  nearly  dormant  as  yet,  and  except 
peaches  and  pears,  are  reported  to  have  been  uninjured  by  the  low  winter 
temperatures.  Live  stock  came  through  the  winter  in  fairly  good  condi- 
tion, but  in  most  sections  the  supply  of  hay  and  rough  feed  has  been  en- 
tirely or  nearly  exhausted.  While  the  season  opens  a  little  later  than 
usual,  the  conditions  at  present  are  favorable  for  a  good  crop  year. 

Bulletin  No.  2 — For  the  week  ending  April  21. — The  third  week  in 
April  was  colder  than  usual,  the  average  daily  deficiency  in  temperature 
being  about  5  degrees.  Freezing  temperature  was  reported  from  the  larger 
part  of  the  state  on  several  mornings,  and  one  of  the  heaviest  April  snow- 
storms on  record  in  this  state  occurred  over  the  southern  and  eastern 
counties  on  the  seventeenth'.  Several  stations  reported  from  seven  to  eight 
inches  of  snowfall,  but  crops  and  fruit  were  not  far  enough  advanced  to 
receive  damage  from  the  snow  or  freezing  temperature.  The  heavy  show- 
ers on  the  afternoon  and  night  of  the  twentieth  gave  an  excess  of  precipi- 
tation for  the  week.  Farming  operations  were  somewhat  retarded  in  the 
counties  where  the  snowfall  was  heaviest,  but  in  the  larger  part  of  the 
state  fair  progress  has  been  made  in  seeding  and  plowing,  with  the  soil  in 
tine  working  condition.  Seeding  of  small  grain  is  nearly  finished  in  north- 
ern and  western  counties,  but  in  the  eastern  and  southeastern  counties 
only  about  75  to  80  per  cent  of  that  work  has  been  done.     Late  reports 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I        29 

show  that  there  was  more  fall  wheat  winter  killed  in  southern  and  east- 
ern sections  than  was  indicated  last  week.  Many  fields  are  spotted  and 
some  of  them  will  be  plowed  up  and  replanted  to  other  crops,  but  for  the 
state  as  a  whole,  fall-sown  grains  are  in  fine  condition.  Grass  is  starting 
nicely,  and  in  some  localities  stock  is  in  pasture. 

Bulletin  No.  3. — For  the  week  ending  April  28. — While  the  temperature 
was  only  slightly  below  the  normal,  the  nights  were  cool.  Frost  was  gen- 
eral, and  freezing  temperature  occurred  on  one  or  two  nights  in  the 
northern  counties.  The  weather  was,  however,  favorable  for  field  work; 
the  only  precipitation  being  light  showers  on  the  twenty-fifth,  and  light 
to  moderately  heavy  rains  on  Sunday,  the  twenty-eighth,  over  the  south- 
ern and  western  sections.  Seeding  is  practically  finished,  most  of  the 
early  potatoes  have  been  planted  and  much  ground  has  been  plowed,  pre- 
paratory to  corn  planting.  The  cool  weather  has  retarded  the  growth  of 
vegetation,  but  early-sown  oats  are  up  and  show  a  good  stand.  Grass  is 
improving  and  in  many  localities  stock  is  in  pasture.  Cherries  and  plums 
are  beginning  to  blossom  in  the  southern  counties,  but  in  the  remainder 
of  the  state  the  buds  are  still  dormant  or  just  starting  to  swell.  The 
spring  pig  crop  suffered  severe  loss  during  March  on  account  of  the  cold, 
wet  weather,  but  April  pigs  are  doing  well. 

Bulletin  No.  4. — For  the  week  ending  May  5. — The  past  week  was 
warmer  than  usual,  the  daily  excess  of  temperature  ranging  from  2  to 
5  degrees,  and  weather  conditions  were  generally  favorable  for  rapid 
progress  in  farming  operations.  Heavy  rains  on  April  28th,  and  frequent 
showers  during  the  week  did,  however,  delay  field  work  to  some  extent  in 
southern  counties.  Light  to  copious  showers  occurred  in  nearly  all  parts 
of  the  state  on  the  2d,  3d  or  4th,  and  gave  ample  moisture  for  present 
needs.  The  warm  rains,  and  the  high  temperatures  during  the  last  four 
days  have  caused  an  unusually  rapid  growth  of  all  vegetation.  Most  of 
the  trees  are  green,  fruit  trees  are  in  blossom,  and  grass  and  small  grain 
have  made  a  decided  improvement.  All  fruit  trees,  except  apples,  show  an 
abundance  of  bloom.  Spring  sown  grain  and  grasses  have  made  a  good 
start,  and  show  a  strong,  vigorous  stand.  Much  ground  has  been  prepared 
for  corn,  and  some  planting  was  done  in  many  localities  during  the  latter 
half  of  the  week.  With  favorable  weather  planting  will  be  general  during 
the  coming  week.  Most  of  the  live  stock  is  in  pasture  and  obtaining  suffi- 
cient feed. 

Bulletin  No.  5. — For  the  week  ending  May  12. — The  weather  during  the 
first  five  days  of  the  week  was  ideal  for  field  work  and  the  growth  of  vege- 
tation. The  average  temperature  was  above  the  normal,  though  no  unus- 
ually high  temperatures  prevailed,  and  the  precipitation  was  deficient 
until  Friday  night  and  Saturday  when  heavy,  and  in  many  localities,  ex- 
cessive rains  fell;  the  greatest  amounts  of  rainfall  being  reported  from 
the  southern  and  central  counties.  All  vegetation  made  rapid  growth,  and 
good  progress  was  made  in  preparing  corn  ground.  Considerable  corn 
was  planted  in  nearly  all  sections  of  the  state  with  the  soil  generally  in 
fine  tilth,  but  the  late  rains  and  the  cool  weather  prevailing  at  the  close 
of  the  week  will  retard  planting  for  a  day  or  two.    Meadows  and  pastures 


30  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

have  made  a  decided  improvement,  and  where  the  rainfall  was  heavy,  a 
fair  to  good  crop  of  hay  is  assured.  Oats  are  beginning  to  stool  nicely  and 
all  small  grain  is  in  good  condition.  Reports  continued  to  show  a  defi- 
ciency of  bloom  on  apple  trees,  but  other  fruits,  except  peaches,  give  prom- 
ise of  good  yields. 

BuiXETiN  No.  6 — For  the  week  ending  May  19. — The  week  was  cool,  and 
cloudy,  with  a  decided  deficiency  in  the  rainfall.  There  was,  however, 
considerable  excess  of  moisture  in  the  southern  and  central  district  caused 
by  heavy  rains  near  the  close  of  the  preceding  week  which  retarded  corn 
planting  for  several  days.  Light  to  heavy  frosts  occurred  on  two  or  three 
mornings  in  all  parts  of  the  state,  with  freezing  temperature  in  many 
localities  on  the  14th.  The  frosts  did  little  or  no  damage  to  fruit,  but 
tender  garden  stuff  w^as  slightly  injured  on  low  ground.  The  germination 
of  corn  was,  however,  retarded  and  in  a  few  places  the  seed  is  reported 
to  have  rotted  in  the  ground.  Fair  progress  was  made  in  planting  corn 
during  the  latter  half  of  the  week,  but  only  about  two-thirds  of  the  crop 
is  in.  Some  of  the  early  planted  corn  is  up  and  shows  a  fairly  good 
stand.  All  of  the  early  and  some  of  the  late  potatoes  have  been  planted. 
Spring  seeding  of  grass  and  clover  is  in  prime  condition.  Pastures  and 
meadows  are  making  good  growth,  and  small  grain  crops  are  doing 
well.  Cherries  are  not  setting  as  well  as  indicated  by  the  heavy  bloom. 
Plums  give  promise  of  full  crop,  and  apples  are  setting  fairly  well  con- 
sidering the  small  amount  of  bloom.  Generally  the  crop  conditions  are 
fairly  good,  needing  higher  temperatures  and  occasional  warm  rains 
to  make  the  outlook  bright  and  satisfactory. 

Bulletin  No.  7. — For  the  w^eek  ending  May  26. — The  week  was  warm 
and  generally  dry.  The  temperature  ranged  from  normal  in  northern 
to  9  degrees  above  the  normal  in  southern  counties  and  the  rainfall  was  de- 
cidedly deficient  except  in  the  vicinity  of  Dubuque  where  2.59  inches 
fell.  Almost  ideal  conditions  prevailed  during  the  week  for  field  work, 
and  the  time  was  well  improved.  Corn  planting  is  finished  in  many 
localities  and  all  of  it  that  has  been  planted  since  the  11th  inst,  is  coming 
up  nicely  and  shows  a  fairly  good  stand.  Much  of  the  early  planting  has 
been  replanted  on  account  of  cold  weather,  weak  seed  and  the  ravages 
of  wire  worms.  The  fields  are  generally  clean  and  the  soil  is  in  good 
condition.  Small  grain,  grass  in  pastures  and  meadows,  potatoes  and 
garden  truck  have  made  good  progress  under  the  effects  of  high  tem- 
perature and  abundance  of  sunshine,  but  now  need  more  moisture  to  keep 
up  normal  growth.  Rye  is  heading  in  southern,  and  fall  wheat  is  two 
feet  high  in  central  districts.  The  following  report  by  the  Secretary,  State 
Horticultural  Society  shows  the  condition  of  fruit:  "Apples,  35  per  cent; 
pears,  61;  American  plums,  80;  cherries,  55;  grapes,  65;  red  raspberries, 
57;  black  raspberries,  65;  blackberries,  35;  currants,  72;  gooseberries,  86; 
strawberries,  70  per  cent  of  a  full  crop.  Ben  Davis,  Jonathan  and  Wealthy 
apple  trees  will  not  bear  much  fruit  this  year.  Ben  Davis  trees  are  in 
very  poor  condition.  There  was  some  winter  killing  of  blackberry  and 
raspberry  canes." 

Bulletin  No.  8. — For  the  week  ending  June  2. — The  past  week  was  ex- 
ceptionally favorable   for   field  work,   notwithstanding  the   fact  that   ex- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I  31 

cessive  rain  fell  over  some  of  the  northwestern  counties  on  May  26th 
and  27th,  and  heavy  showers  occurred  in  the  southwestern  and  west 
central  districts  on  Friday  night,  and  light  to  copious  showers  occurred 
in  all  other  parts  of  the  state  some  time  during  the  week.  Considerable 
damage  was  done  in  Cherokee  county  by  the  heavy  downpour  of  rain. 
Fielda  were  badly  washed  and  several  bridges  were  taken  out  by  high 
water.  The  average  temperature  was  about  normal,  although  the  nights 
were  cool.  Planting  and  replanting  of  corn  is  nearly  finished.  The  late 
planting  is  coming  up  and  shows  a  fair  to  good  stand.  The  first  cultiva- 
tion has  begun,  and  the  fields  are  generally  clean  and  in  good  condition. 
Small  grain  and  grass  have  continued  to  make  rapid  progress  except  in 
a  few  localities,  especially  in  the  southwestern  and  southeastern  counties 
where  the  rainfall  was  deficient  prior  to  the  last  week.  The  late  rains 
will,  however,  be  of  great  benefit  in  all  sections.  Winter  wheat  and  rye 
are  heading  in  northern,  and  the  first  cutting  of  alfalfa  was  harvested  in 
southwestern  counties.  Most  of  the  late  planted  potatoes  are  up  and 
give  promise  of  a  good  crop.  Strawberries  are  beginning  to  ripen  in 
southern  districts  with  prospects  of  fair  to  good  yields. 

Bulletin  No.  9. — For  the  week  ending  June  9. — The  past  week  was  un- 
seasonably cold,  and  over  the  larger  part  of  the  state  much  drier 
than  usual.  The  daily  mean  temperature  ranged  from  6  to  8  degrees 
below  the  normal.  Light  frost  occurred  on  low  ground  in  the  northern 
counties  on  the  morning  of  the  7th,  but  no  material  damage  was  done. 
The  rainfall  was  generally  light,  but  copious  to  heavy  showers  occurred 
in  the  Des  Moines  valley  on  the  5th.  The  conditions  were  favorable 
for  field  work,  and  rapid  progress  was  made  in  cultivating  corn.  Practi- 
cally all  of  the  early  planting  has  been  plowed  once,  and  much  of  it  the 
second  time.  Small  grain  and  grass,  especially  spring  seeding  of  timothy 
and  clover  have  made  good  growth,  but  the  hay  crop  will  not  be  up  to 
the  normal.  Clover  cutting  will  begin  in  the  southern  counties  during 
the  coming  week,  with  prospects  of  a  light  yield.  Cherries  and  plums 
promise  a  fairly  good  crop,  but  the  "June  Drop"  of  apples  is  heavy  on 
some  varieties. 

Bulletin  No.  10. — For  the  week  ending  June  16.- -This  has  been  the 
best  growing  week  of  the  season.  The  average  temperature  has  been  about 
normal,  and  while  the  sunshine  was  somewhat  deficient,  the  rainfall 
was  generally  above  the  average.  Showers  were  frequent  and  fairly 
well  distributed,  but  the  amounts  of  rainfall  varied  from  .01  inch  in 
southern  Taylor  County  to  4.44  inches  in  Calhoun  County.  The  rainfall 
was  also  heavy  in  Wayne  and  Decatur  Counties,  where  severe  local 
storms  occurred,  accompanied  by  high  winds  and  some  hail,  which, 
with  the  heavy  rain,  did  considerable  damage  to  fields  and  crops.  All 
crops  have  made  good  progress,  but  in  many  localities,  oats  and  some 
fall  wheat,  on  rich  ground,  are  getting  rank  and  have  a  tendency  to 
lodge  if  wet  weather  continues.  Corn  has  improved  during  the  past 
few  days,  and  the  cultivation  of  the  fields  is  being  rushed  as  rapidly  as 
possible.  The  fields  are  generally  clean,  and  the  soil  is  in  fine  condition. 
Pastures  are  unusually  good.  In  fact  there  is  more  grass  in  some 
sections  than  is  needed  for  the  small  number  of  cattle  on  hand.     While 


32  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

the  iiay  crop  will  not  be  quite  up  to  the  average,  it  will  be  much  better 
than  last  year.  Potatoes  are  fine,  and  in  many  localities  there  has  been 
sufficient  rainfall  to  mature  the  early  crop.  Homegrown  strawberries 
of  excellent  quality  are  on  the  market.  Cherries  are  ripening,  and  are 
larger  and  of  better  quality  than  last  season.  Plums  give  promise  of 
good  yield. 

Bulletin  No.  11. — For  the  w-eek  ending  June  23. — The  first  four  days 
of  the  week  were  abnormally  cool  and  generally  cloudy  with  frequent, 
but  very  light  scattered  showers.  The  last  three  days  were  moderately 
warm,  clear  and  pleasant,  but  the  average  temperature  was  about  8  de- 
grees below  the  weekly  normal.  The  rainfall  was  also  much  below  the 
average,  but  the  rains  of  the  previous  week  were  sufficient  to  keep  the 
ground  in  fine  condition.  It  has  been  too  cool  for  the  rapid  growth  of 
corn,  but  the  crop  is  doing  as  well  as  could  be  expected.  It  is,  however, 
small  for  the  season,  and  very  uneven  in  height.  Some  of  it  is  just  com- 
ing up,  while  some  is  nearly  knee  high,  and  is  being  cultivated  the  third 
time.  The  fields  are  generally  very  clean.  Small  grain  is  doing  excep- 
tionally well,  though  in  a  few  localities  some  rust  is  reported  in  winter 
wheat  and  smut  in  oats.  Rye  is  beginning  to  ripen  in  the  southern 
counties,  biit  for  the  state  as  a  whole  the  small  grain  harvest  will  be 
about  a  week  later  than  usual.  Blue  grass  is  much  better  than  for  the 
past  several  years,  but  timothy  and  clover  is  variable;  some  sections 
reporting  very  good  crops,  while  in  many  localities  they  are  light,  and  ■ 
the  average  yield  of  hay  will  be  a  little  below  the  average.  Potatoes 
continue  very  promising.  Berries  and  cherries  are  of  extra  fine  quality, 
but  the  yields  are  below  normal.  Plums  will  be  much  above,  and  apples 
below  the  average. 

Bulletin  No.  12. — ^For  the  week  ending  June  30. — The  past  week  was 
very  warm  and  unusually  dry;  the  only  rainfall  reported  being  a  few 
local  and  generally  light  showers  in  the  southwestern  and  southeastern 
counties  on  one  day.  The  high  temperatures  and  bright  sunshine  have 
been  favorable  for  the  rapid  advancement  of  corn  and  curing  clover  hay. 
Corn  has  made  very  rapid  growth,  but  it  is  still  uneven  in  height.  Some 
of  it  has  been  laid  by,  and  all  of  the  fields  are  clean.  Some  of  the 
late  planted  corn  is  beginning  to  show  the  effect  of  the  dry  weather,  but 
if  rain  comes  within  the  next  week  or  ten  days  it  will  continue  to  make 
good  progress.  Early  corn  is  in  fine  condition;  the  root  system  being 
sufficiently  developed  to  reach  moist  soil.  The  dry  weather  has  also  been 
generally  favorable  for  small  grain  in  checking  the  development  of  rust 
and  smut,  and  stiffening  the  straw,  thereby  lessening  the  possibility  of 
lodging,  Oats  and  other  small  grains  have  headed  in  all  parts  of  the 
state,  and  are  filling  well.  Rye,  fall  wheat  and  early  oats  are  beginning  to 
ripen  in  the  southern  counties  and  with  favorable  conditions  the  harvest 
will  begin  during  the  coming  w^eek.  Considerable  clover  and  some  timothy 
hay  were  put  up  in  fine  condition,  and  haying  will  be  general  in  a  few 
days.  While  all  crops  are  still  in  good  condition,  late  potatoes,  late  planted 
corn,  pastures,  garden  truck  and  fruit  would  be  benefited  by  rain. 


T^iiltlTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  1  33 

Bulletin  No.  13. — For  the  week  ending  July  7. — The  weather  during  the 
past  seven  days  was  exceptionally  favorable  for  farming  operations,  and 
in  most  sections  for  the  growth  of  crops.  The  average  temperature  was 
about  5  degrees  above  the  normal,  and  while  the  rainfall  was  decidedly 
below  the  average,  niany  localities  received  light  to  copious,  and  in  a  few 
sections,  moderately  heavy  showers.  The  warm,  dry  weather,  and  the 
excessive  sunshine  were  very  beneficial  for  haying  and  harvesting.  Much 
hay  was  put  up  in  the  best  condition;  the  yield  being  somewhat  below  the- 
normal.  Most  of  the  rye  and  winter  wheat,  and  many  early  oats  are  in 
shock  in  the  southern  counties,  and  harvest  has  begun  in  central  and 
northern  sections.  All  small  grains  give  promise  of  good  to  extra  good 
yields,  but  late  oats  need  rain  to  fill  to  the  best  advantage.  Considerable 
rust  is  reported,  but  probably  no  more  than  usual.  Corn  continued 
to  make  rapid  growth,  and  half  of  it  is  nearly  up  to  the  normal  height 
for  this  season  of  the  year.  Some  of  the  earliest  planted  fields  in  the 
extreme  southeastern  counties  are  beginning  to  tassel,  while  much  of  the 
late  planted  corn  is  less  than  12  inches  high.  Pastures  remain  generally 
good,  but  are  beginning  to  dry  up  and  should  have  rain  at  once.  Corn, 
potatoes,  late  oats,  fruit  and  garden  truck  also  need  rain.  Much  of  the 
timothy,  especially  in  the  southern  counties,  will  be  saved  for  the  seed. 

Bulletin  No.  14. — For  the  week  ending  July  14. — Under  the  effect  of 
high  temperatures  and  frequent  and  fairly  well  distributed  copious  show- 
ers all  crops  have  made  rapid  progress.  There  was,  however,  consider- 
able damage  done  in  some  localities  by  hail,  heavy  rains  and  high  winds 
in  lodging  grain,  but  this  will  be  more  than  counterbalanced  by  the  bene- 
fit received  by  corn,  late  grains,  spring  seeding  of  timothy  and  clover, 
pastures,  potatoes,  gardens  and  fruits.  Corn  made  very  rapid  growth, 
and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  now  up  to  the  normal  for  the  middle  of  July. 
Many  of  the  early  fields  in  the  southern  counties  are  beginning  to  tassel, 
and  all  of  it  has  a  good  color.  Owing  to  the  fact  that  in  most  localities 
the  showers  came  at  night,  rapid  progress  was  made  in  haying  and  har- 
vesting. About  all  of  the  rye,  fall  wheat  and  early  oats  in  the  southern 
counties  are  in  shock,  and  threshing  will  begin  in  that  section  of  the 
state  during  the  coming  week,  with  prospects  of  good  to  heavy  yields. 
About  half  of  the  hay  has  been  put  in  fine  condition.  The  quality  of 
timothy  is  extra  good,  and  while  the  yield  is  not  quite  up  to  the  average, 
it  is  much  better  than  last  year.  Reports  continue  to  indicate  that  much 
of  the  timothy  will  be  saved  for  seed,  especially  in  southern  counties.  All 
field  crops  are  now  in  prime  condition,  and  with  occasional  good  showers 
give  promise  of  large  yields. 

Bulletin  No.  15. — For  the  week  ending  July  21. — The  past  week  was 
unusually  cool;  the  average  daily  deficiency  of  temperature  ranging  from 
6  to  10  degrees.  The  average  precipitation  was  much  above  the  normal, 
except  over  the  three  southern  tiers  of  counties,  where  it  was  very  dry 
up  to  Saturday  night.  In  the  three  northern  tiers  of  counties,  and  in 
portions  of  the  central  sections  the  rainfall  was  heavy;  nearly  all  sta- 
tions reporting  more  than  2.00  inches,  and  several  more  than  3.00  inches. 
The  first  four  days  of  the  week  were,  however,  clear  and  dry,  and  rapid 
3 


34  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

progress  was  made  in  haying  and  harvesting.  Threshing  is  now  general 
in  the  southern  counties,  and  early  reports  indicate  yields  much  in  excess 
of  the  average  of  past  years.  In  the  northern  sections  where  the  late 
rains  were  heavy,  oats  are  badly  lodged  and  will  be  difficult  to  harvest. 
The  rains  will  also  prevent  work  in  the  fields  in  that  section  for  two  or 
three  days,  but  they  have  been  of  great  benefit  to  corn,  pastures,  potatoes, 
spring  sown  grasses,  gardens  and  fruits.  Corn  made  good  growth  during 
the  week,  even  though  the  weather  was  cool,  and  the  crop  is  in  good 
condition   and   improving   daily. 

Bulletin  No.  16. — For  the  week  ending  July  28. — The  conditions  during 
the  past  week  were  almost  ideal  for  growing  crops,  and  for  haying,  har- 
vesting and  threshing.  The  temperature  was  about  normal,  and  while 
the  rainfall  was  generally  deficient,  nearly  all  parts  of  the  state  received 
light  to  copious  showers.  Some  localities  in  the  southern  districts,  how- 
ever, need  rain  badly  for  corn,  potatoes  and  pastures,  but  for  the  state  as 
a  whole  all  crops  are  in  excellent  condition.  Haying  is  nearly  finished, 
and  the  crop  has  been  put  up  in  fine  shape.  The  yield  of  hay  is  better  than 
anticipated  and  the  quality  is  extra  good.  The  small  grain  harvest  has 
progressed  rapidly,  and  the  bulk  of  it  will  be  completed  by  the  end  of  the 
coming  v/eek.  Early  reports  show  some  exceptionally  large  yields  and 
fine  quality  of  grain.  The  yield  of  winter  wheat  ranges  from  twenty-five 
to  fifty  bushels  per  acre;  oats  thirty  to  sixty-five  and  barley,  twenty-two 
to  thirty  bushels.  No  timothy  has  yet  been  threshed,  but  a  large  acreage 
has  been  cut  for  seed.  Corn  has  made  rapid  growth,  and  the  early  fields 
are  shooting  nicely,  but  the  crop  as  a  whole  is  not  yet  quite  up  to  the 
normal  in  size  and  development;  although  the  prospects  are  good  for  bet- 
ter than  an  average  yield  if  favorable  weather  continues.  Potatoes  are 
generally  in  good  condition  and  give  promise  of  a  large  crop. 

Bulletin  No.  17. — For  the  week  ending  August  4. — The  past  week  was 
cool  and  dry;  the  average  daily  deficiency  of  temperature  being  about 
6  degrees,  and  only  a  few  light  and  widely  scattered  showers  occurred. 
The  conditions  were  fine  for  harvesting,  stacking  and  threshing,  but  were 
too  cool  and  dry  for  corn,  and  too  dry  for  pastures  and  potatoes.  Nearly 
all  of  the  small  grain  has  been  secured  in  fine  condition,  and  rapid 
progress  is  being  made  in  threshing.  The  yields  of  wheat,  oats,  rye  and 
barley  are  exceptionally  large  except  in  the  southeastern  counties  where 
the  winter  wheat  is  very  light.  Corn  is  still  in  good  condition,  but  needs 
rain  and  warmer  weather.  Pastures  are  drying  up  in  many  localities, 
and  potatoes  also  need  rain. 

Following  is  a  summary  of  reports  from  crop  correspondents  on  Aug. 
1st.  Much  of  the  late  and  replanted  corn  is  still  backward,  but  all  of 
it  is  strong  and  vigorous.  The  average  condition  of  the  crop  is  placed 
at  93  per  cent  or  four  points  better  than  on  July  1st.  The  estimated 
condition  of  pastures  is  92  per  cent  and  potatoes  94  per  cent,  showing  a 
loss  of  three  and  four  points  respectively  during  the  past  month.  On 
August  1,  1911,  corn  was  rated  at  69  per  cent,  potatoes  34  and  pastures 
38  per  cent.  Threshing  has  not  yet  become  general  in  all  parts  of  the 
state,  but  early  reports  indicate  an  average  yield  of  twenty-five  bushels 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I        35 

per  acre  of  winter  wheat;  spring  wheat,  18;  oats,  40;  barley,  32;  rye,  21. 
These  figures  are  subject  to  change,  but  if  maintained  by  final  reports, 
yield  per  acre  of  rye  and  winter  wheat  will  exceed  all  previous  records 
and  the  yields  of  spring  wheat,  oats  and  barley  have  been  exceeded  only 
once  during  the  past  22  years. 

Bulletin  No.  18. — For  the  week  ending  August  11. — The  past  week  was 
cool  and  showery,  with  an  excess  of  cloudiness  and  humidity.  The  aver- 
age daily  deficiency  of  temperature  was  about  eight  degrees,  and  while  the 
average  rainfall  was  about  normal,  many  localities  reported  an  excess  of 
moisture.  In  some  sections  showers  occurred  every  working  day  of  the 
week,  which  delayed  threshing  and  stacking,  but  the  bulk  of  shock  thresh- 
ing is  finished  in  the  southern,  and  is  well  advanced  in  the  northern  dis- 
tricts. Reports  continue  to  show  large  yields  of  small  grain.  Corn  is 
still  doing  well,  and  with  favorable  weather  in  the  future  will  make  one 
of  the  largest  crops  ever  produced  in  this  state.  Many  of  the  early  planted 
fields  in  southern  and  central  counties  are  now  in  the  roasting  ear  stage, 
and  the  late  planted  fields  are  making  rapid  growth,  but  would  do  better 
with  warmer  weather.  Pastures  and  potatoes  are  improving,  and  are  gen- 
erally in  good  condition.  Fall  plowing  for  winter  wheat  has  begun  in 
southern  sections. 

Bulletin  No.  19. — For  the  week  ending  August  18. — Showery  weather 
continued  during  the  week,  with  the  average  temperature  about  normal, 
but  the  week  closes  with  much  warmer  weather.  Showers  were  frequent, 
and  the  rainfall  heavy  over  the  western  two-thirds  of  the  state;  the 
largest  amounts  of  rainfall  being  reported  from  the  Missouri  Slope,  where 
many  stations  received  more  than  three,  and  a  few  more  than  four  inches. 
Slow  progress  was  made  in  threshing  and  stacking,  and  some  grain  in 
shocks  was  more  or  less  damaged  by  wet,  cloudy  weather.  Corn  has  made 
fair  growth,  and  over  the  western  half  of  the  state  has  received  sufficient 
moisture  to  mature  the  crop.  Pastures  and  aftermath  in  meadows  have 
been  revived,  and  are  now  in  fine  condition.  Late  potatoes  also  give  prom- 
ise of  a  good  crop.  Telegraphic  reports  indicate  heavy  rains  in  north- 
eastern part  of  the  state  during  the  24  hours  ending  7  a.  m.,  August 
19th.  Dubuque  reports  5.16  inches,  and  Waterloo,  Black  Hawk  county, 
4.00  inches. 

Bulletin  No.  20. — For  the  week  ending  August  25. — The  weather  con- 
ditions were  much  more  favorable  during  the  past  week  than  they  were 
during  the  preceding  two  weeks.  The  temperature  was  above  the  normal, 
and  very  few  showers  occurred  after  the  20th.  The  rainfall  was,  how- 
ever, excessive  in  a  few  localities  on  the  night  of  the  18th,  and  especially 
over  the  northern  counties  of  the  east  central  district.  Dubuque  reported 
5.23  inches;  Delaware,  4.82  and  Waterloo,  4.00  inches.  A  heavy  shower  also 
occurred  in  the  southern  part  of  Page  county  on  the  20th.  Rapid  progress 
has  been  made  in  stacking  and  threshing,  since  the  21st,  but  considerable 
grain,  in  shock  and  stack,  has  been  damaged  by  the  wet  weather  of  the 
previous  week.  Under  the  effect  of  high  temperatures,  corn  made  rapid 
growth,  and  much  of  it,  in  early  planted  fields,  has  passed  the  roasting  ear 
stage  and  is  beginning  to  dent.     The  late  planted  fields  are  in  fine  condi- 


36  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

tion,  but  will  require  warin,  dry  weather  during  all  of  September,  to  fully 
mature.  Pastures  are  in  excellent  condition,  and  meadows  promise  a  fair 
second  crop  of  hay.  Early  apples,  early  grapes  and  plums  are  being  har- 
vested. Plums  and  grapes  are  plentiful,  but  the  apple  crop  is  unusually 
light.     A  large  acreage  is  being  plowed  for  winter  wheat. 

Bulletin  No.  21. — For  the  week  ending  September  1. — In  respect  to 
temperature  and  moisture  the  past  week  was  about  all  that  could  be  de- 
sired for  the  advancement  of  corn  and  for  general  farm  work.  The  lack 
of  moisture  is,  however,  beginning  to  retard  plowing  in  some  parts  of 
the  state.  The  temperature  was  considerably  above,  ana  the  rainfall  be- 
low the  normal  until  Saturday  night  when  copious  showers  occurred  in 
many  localities.  Corn  made  very  rapid  progress  toward  maturity,  and 
gives  promise  of  an  exceptionally  large  yield  if  no  damaging  frost  occurs 
before  October  10th,  which  is  the  average  date  of  the  first  killing  frost 
of  autumn  at  Des  Moines.  The  effect  of  dry  weather  was  beginning  to 
show  on  pastures  and  potatoes,  but  the  showers  on  the  night  of  August 
31,  and  September  1st,  will  be  of  great  benefit.  Good  progress  was  made 
in  stacking  and  threshing,  and  practically  all  of  the  small  grain  is  now 
in  stack  or  has  been  threshed. 

Bulletin  No.  22. — For  the  week  ending  September  8. — The  past  week 
was  one  of  the  hottest  of  the  season,  with  abundant  sunshine,  and  a  high 
percentage  of  humidity.  Showers  were  frequent  during  the  first  half  of 
the  week,  and  were  quite  general,  although  the  rainfall  was  very  light 
in  the  southeastern  and  northwestern  counties.  The  heaviest  rainfall 
occurred  over  the  southwestern  quarter  of  the  state,  and  copious  show^ers 
were  reported  from  the  central  and  northeastern  districts.  More  than  five 
inches  of  rain  fell  in  Audubon  and  Guthrie  counties,  ana  more  than  four 
inches  in  Shelby  county.  The  weather  was  unusually  favorable  for  forc- 
ing the  maturity  of  corn,  but  the  crop  will  require  four  more  weeks  of 
dry,  warm  weather  to  put  it  beyond  danger  of  killing  frost.  Much  of  the 
corn  is  dented,  but  a  large  portion  of  the  crop  is  only  in  the  roasting  ear 
stage.  Considerable  threshing  was  done,  except  where  the  rainfall  was 
the  heaviest,  and  there  rapid  progress  was  made  in  plowing  and  seed- 
ing fall  grains.  Pasturage  is  generally  in  good  condition  and  late  pota- 
toes are  doing  fairly  well. 

Bulletin  No.  23. — For  the  week  ending  September  15. — The  first  two 
days  were  very  warm,  but  the  latter  half  of  the  week  was  cool,  with 
temperatures  near  the  frost  line  in  the  northern  counties  on  the  morning 
of  the  14th.  More  than  the  usual  amount  of  cloudiness  prevailed,  and 
showers  were  frequent,  although  the  southeastern  part  of  the  state  re- 
ceived very  little  moisture  until  Saturday  night  when  heavy  rain  fell. 
Corn  made  very  satisfactory  progress,  and  the  early  planted  fields,  in  the 
southern  counties,  are  now  being  cut  for  silage  and  fodder.  The  abnor- 
mally high  temperatures  during  the  first  ten  days  of  the  month  caused  corn 
to  mature  rapidly,  and  probably  fifty  per  cent  of  the  crop  is  safe  from  a 
moderate  frost,  but  the  late  fields  need  two  or  three  weeks  of  good  warm, 
dry  weather  to  put  them  beyond  danger  of  injury  of  even  a  heavy  frost. 
Considerable  corn  was  gathered  for  seed  during  the  week,  and  most  farm- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I         37 

ers  will  probably  secure  their  seed  at  the  earliest  date  possible.  Thresh- 
ing has  been  further  delayed  by  showers,  but  pastures,  meadows  and  late 
potatoes  were  greatly  benefited  by  the  needed  moisture.  The  showers 
have  also  been  of  great  benefit  to  fall  plowing  and  seeding,  and  that  work 
is  being  rushed. 

Bulletin  No.  24. — For  the  week  ending  September  22. — The  third  week 
in  September  was  abnormally  cold,  with  an  excess  of  cloudiness  and  fre- 
quent showers.  The  average  daily  temperature  was  about  7  degrees  below 
the  normal,  and  light  frost  occurred  in  exposed  places  on  the  19th  and 
21st,  but  no  damage  was  done.  Showers  occurred  in  some  parts  of  the 
state  on  five  days,  and  while  the  rainfall  was  fairly  well  distributed  it 
was  generally  below  the  normal  although  many  localities  received  a  slight 
excess.  The  rapid  maturing  of  corn  was  retarded  by  cool,  wet  and  cloudy 
weather,  but  it  made  considerable  progress  and  65  to  75  per  cent  of  the 
crop  is  beyond  injury  by  a  moderately  heavy  frost.  The  remainder  of 
the  crop  needs  ten  days  of  warm,  drying  weather  to  make  it  safe,  and 
three  weeks  to  put  it  beyond  danger  of  a  hard  freeze.  Silos  are  being 
filled  and  considerable  corn  put  in  shocks.  Seed  corn  is  being  secured 
in  many  localities,  and  that  work  will  be  general  during  the  coming 
week.  The  wet  weather  has  also  prevented  much  threshing  being  done, 
and  considerable  grain  in  shocks  and  stacks  is  reported  to  be  badly  dam- 
aged. The  soil  is  in  excellent  condition  for  plowing,  and  where  the  rain- 
fall was  not  too  heavy  fall  seeding  progressed  rapidly.  Pastures,  meadows 
and  late  potatoes  are  doing  well. 

Bulletin  No.  25. — For  the  week  ending  September  29. — The  damp, 
cloudy  and  cold  weather  which  prevailed  during  the  third  week  of  the 
month  continued  during  the  past  seven  days.  Heavy  to  killing  frosts 
were  general,  and  freezing  temperatures  occurred  in  many  localities  on 
two  or  three  mornings.  Variable  reports  are  received  as  to  the  damaging 
effect  of  the  recent  frosts  on  the  late-planted  corn,  but  the  extent  of  injury 
will  not  be  fully  determined  until  after  the  crop  has  been  harvested. 
Probably  20  per  cent  of  the  crop  was  somewhat  damaged,  but  as  a  whole, 
the  crop  is  remarkably  large  and  sound  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  spring 
was  late,  and  at  many  times  during  the  season  the  weather  was  not  con- 
sidered to  be  favorable.  Probably  80  to  85  per  cent  of  the  total  yield  will 
be  sound  and  merchantable,  add  the  balance  will  possess  much  feeding 
value.  That  there  was  not  more  damage  done  by  the  frosts  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  over  the  large  part,  if  not  all  of  the  state,  the  weather  became 
cloudy  early  in  the  morning  after  each  frost  and  remained  so  during  the 
day.  The  final  reports  for  the  season  will  show  that  Iowa  has  produced 
one  of  the  largest,  if  not  the  largest  crops  of  corn  and  small  grain  in  the 
history  of  the  state.  In  fact,  all  crops  have  been  good  except  apples.  The 
frequent  and  well-distributed  showers  have  put  the  ground  in  excellent 
condition  for  fall  plowing,  and  considerable  winter  wheat  was  sown  dur- 
ing the  past  week.  Pastures  are  in  fine  condition  and  stock  is  generally 
healthy  except  some  hog  cholera  prevailing  in  the  southwestern  counties. 


38  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE    . 

IOWA  CROP  REPORT,  JUNE  1,  1912. 

Acreacfe  of  Farm  Crops,  Estivvated  Condition  of  Staple  Crops,  Fruit  and 

Live  Stock. 

Reports  received  June  1st,  from  county  and  township  correspondents 
of  the  Iowa  Weather  &  Crop  Service,  show  the  following  results  as  to  the 
acreage  and  average  condition  of  staple  farm  crops;  also  the  condition  of 
fruit  and  live  stock. 

Corn. — The  estimated  number  of  acres  of  corn  planted  is  9,199,610,  or 
an  increase  of  336,286  acres,  as  compared  with  the  area  reported  by  the 
township  assessors  for  1911.  The  average  condition  of  corn  on  June  1st 
was  placed  at  92  per  cent,  as  against  105  per  cent  on  June  1,  1911. 

Oats. — The  area  of  oats  is  estimated  to  be  4,655,100,  or  about  2  per 
cent  less  than  the  area  harvested  last  year.  The  average  condition  is  the 
same  as  on  June  1,  1911,  100  per  cent. 

Wheat. — The  area  of  winter  wheat  is  placed  at  333,710  acres,  and 
spring  wheat,  506,650,  making  a  total  wheat  acreage  of  840,360  acres,  or 
a  decrease  of  about  6  per  cent  as  compared  with  the  acreage  reported  by 
the  township  assessors  for  1911.  The  estimated  condition  of  spring  wheat 
is  96  per  cent,  and  winter  wheat,  90  per  cent,  as  compared  with  100  per 
cent  for  both  in  1911. 

Barley. — Acreage  sown,  294,935  acres;  condition,  99  per  cent,  or  1  per 
cent  less  than  last  year. 

Rye. — Acreage  of  rye  sown,  42,970;  condition  of  the  crop,  95  per  cent, 
or  2  points  less  than  on  June  1,  1911. 

Flax. — The  acreage  of  flax  is  37,305,  which  is  a  decrease  of  5  per  cent 
from  last  year.      Condition,  99  per  cent. 

Potatoes. — The  acreage  of  the  potato  crop  is  estimated  to  be  124,030 
acres,  which  is  1,296  acres  less  than  the  area  planted  in  1911.  Condition 
of  crop,  98  per  cent. 

Hay. — The  acreage  of  tame  and  wild  hay  is  3,682,359,  or  a  decrease  of 
248,122  acres.  Condition,  95  per  cent  as  compared  with  88  per  cent  last 
year. 

Alfalfa. — Area,  32,780  acres,  which  is  an  increase  of  7  per  cent  over 
last  year.  The  condition  on  June  1st  was  94  per  cent,  as  compared  with 
100  per  cent  last  year. 

Pastures. — The  acreage  is  about  97  per  cent,  and  the  condition  is  99 
per  cent  or  the  same  as  last  year. 

Condition  of  fruit  based  on  an  average  condition  of  past  years: 

Apples,  37  per  cent;  plums,  79;  peaches,  practically  nothing;  cherries, 
60;  grapes,  70;  strawberries,  75;  raspberries,  70;  blackberries,  45  per 
cent. 

Condition  of  Live  Stock. — Cattle,  95  per  cent;  sheep,  97;  hogs,  95; 
spring  pigs.  81;  horses,  97;  foals,  92  per  cent, 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I  39 

IOWA  CROP  REPORT  JULY  1,  1912. 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  reports  from  crop  correspondents  show- 
ing the  estimated  condition  of  staple  crops,  July  1,  1912,  as  compared 
with  the  average  condition  on  that  date  in  past  years:  Corn,  89  per  cent; 
oats,  100;  spring  wheat,  95;  winter  wheat,  90;  barley,  99;  rye,  96;  flax, 
96;  potatoes,  98;  hay,  86;  pastures,  95  per  cent.  On  July  1,  1911,  the 
conditions  were  as  follows:  Corn,  102  per  cent;  oats,  72;  spring  wheat, 
80;  winter  wheat,  88;  rye,  89;  barley,  79;  flax,  84;  potatoes,  53;  hay, 
57;  pastures,  60.  The  Secretary,  Iowa  State  Horticultural  Society  re- 
ports condition  of  fruit  as  follows:  Summer  apples,  21  per  cent;  fall 
apples,  20;  winter  apples,  17;  pears,  25;  American  plums,  77;  cherries, 
50;  red  raspberries,  51;  black  raspberries,  65;  blackberries,  40;  grapes, 
69;   currants,  70;   gooseberries,  72  per  cent  of  a  full  crop. 


IOWA  CROP  REPORT,  AUGUST  1,  1912. 

Following  is  a  summary  of  reports  from  crop  correspondents  on  Aug- 
ust 1.  Much  of  the  late  and  replanted  corn  is  still  backward  but  all  of 
it  is  strong  and  vigorous.  The  average  condition  of  the  crop  is  placed 
at  93  per  cent  or  four  points  better  than  on  July  1st.  The  estimated  con- 
dition of  pastures  is  92  per  cent  and  potatoes  94  per  cent,  showing  a  loss 
of  3  and  4  points  respectively  during  the  past  month.  On  August  1,  1911, 
corn  was  rated  at  69  per  cent,  potatoes  34  and  pastures  38  per  cent. 
Reports  indicate  an  average  yield  of  25  bushels  per  acre  of  winter  wheat; 
spring  wheat,  18;  oats,  40;  barley,  32;  rye,  21.  These  figures  are  subject 
to  change,  but  if  maintained  by  final  reports,  the  yield  per  acre  of  rye 
and  winter  wheat  will  exceed  all  previous  records,  and  the  yields  of  spring 
wheat,  oats  and  barley  have  been  exceeded  only  once  during  the  past  22 
years. 

IOWA  CROP  REPORT,  SEPTEMBER  1,  1912. 

Reports  made  on  September  1st  by  crop  correspondents  of  the  Iowa 
Weather  and  Crop  Service,  show  that  the  condition  of  corn  was  95  per 
cent,  as  compared  with  the  average  on  that  date  in  past  years,  or  a  gain 
of  2  per  cent  since  August  1st,  and  20  per  cent  better  than  on  the  same 
date  last  year.  On  a  basis  of  prospective  yield,  with  dry  warm  weather 
until  the  middle  of  October,  the  present  condition  would  be  considerably 
above  100  per  cent,  as  the  crop  is  heavily  eared,  and  if  it  matures  before 
frost  comes  the  yield  will  be  the  largest  on  record  in  the  state.  It  is 
estimated  that  with  normal  weather  conditions  about  30  per  cent  of  the 
crop  will  be  safe  from  frost  on  September  15th;  54  per  cent  on  September 
25th;  72  per  cent  on  September  30th;  87  per  cent  on  October  10th,  and  96 
per  cent  on  October  15th;  but  with  dry,  warm  weather  until  the  middle  of 
October,  practically  all  of  the  crop  will  be  out  of  danger. 

The  average  condition  of  late  potatoes  was  90  per  cent,  or  a  loss  of  4 
points  since  August  1st,  due  to  dry  weather  and  blight  in  some  sections 
of  the  state. 


40  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

The  reports  indicate  that  only  about  one-third  of  the  threshing  has 
been  done,  and  up  to  the  present  time,  the  average  yields  per  acre  of  small 
grains  are  as  follows: 

Winter  wheat,  25  bushels;  spring  wheat,  18;  oats,  46;  barley,  33;  rye, 
22;  and  timothy  seed,  4.8  bushels.  The  estimated  acreage  of  timothy  cut 
for  seed  is  308,800  acres,  or  82,000  acres  more  than  were  harvested  last 
year.  If  the  above  average  of  4.8  bushels  per  acre  is  maintained  until 
all  of  the  crop  has  been  threshed,  the  total  yield  will  be  about  1,493,000 
bushels,  but  all  figures  as  to  average  yields  are  subject  to  change  when 
the  final  report  for  the  season  has  been  tabulated. 


FINAL  REPORT  FOR   THE   STATE— TOTAL  YIELD   OF   SOIL  PROD- 
UCTS—VALUE AT  FARM  PRICE,  DECEMBER  1,  1912. 

Following  is  a  summary  of  reports  from  crop  correspondents  of  the 
Iowa  Weather  &  Crop  Service,  showing  the  average  yield  per  acre  and 
total  yields  of  staple  soil  products,  and  the  average  price  at  the  farms 
or  nearest  stations,  December  1,  1912: 

As  a  whole,  the  crop  season  of  1912  was  the  most  productive  one  in  the 
history  of  Iowa.  The  total  yield  of  corn,  oats  and  winter  wheat  was  far 
in  excess  of  any  previous  year,  and  all  other  crops,  except  apples,  were 
nearly  up  to  the  maximum  of  production.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
the  average  price  of  soil  products  is  much  below  the  prices  prevailing  on 
December  1,  1911,  the  total  value  of  this  year's  crop  exceeds  that  of  last 
year  by  about  $3,429,514,  and  if  good  seed  corn  had  been  used  last  spring 
an  additional  $10,000,000  could  have  been  added  to  the  value  of  this  year's 
crop. 

Corn. — The  revised  estimate  of  the  acreage  of  corn  is  9,199,610  acres, 
or  336,286  acres  more  than  was  planted  last  year,  as  shown  by  the  report 
of  the  township  assessors.  The  average  yield  per  acre  for  the  state  this 
year  is  45.8  bushels,  making  a  total  yield  of  421,368,400  bushels,  or  33,- 
019,480  bushels  more  than  was  ever  before  produced  in  the  state  in  one 
year,  the  next  largest  yield  being  388,348,920  bushels  in  1906.  The  average 
farm  price  on  December  1st  was  36-  cents  per  bushel,  making  the  aggre- 
gate value  $151,698,624.  Last  year  the  estimated  yield  was  32.9  bushels 
per  acre,  aggregate  yield  281,366,600  bushels;  average  farm  price  was  54 
cents  per  bushel,  making  the  aggregate  value  $151,937,964  or  $239,340  more 
than  the  value  of  this  year's  crop.  Fully  one-third  of  this  year's  crop  is 
either  soft  or  chaffy,  due  to  the  fact  that  much  of  the  crop  was  not  fully 
matured  when  the  severe  killing  frosts,  and  in  many  sections  of  the 
state,  freezing  temperatures,  occurred  between  the  26th  and  29th  of  Sep- 
tember. The  weather  has,  however,  been  generally  favorable  since  Octo- 
ber 11th,  and  husking  is  now  completed  in  many  localities  and  will  be 
practically  completed  w^ithin  the  next  week. 

Oats. — The  area  harvested  was  4,665,100  acres;  average  yield,  44.4 
bushels  per  acre;  total  yield,  206,949,700  bushels;  aggregate  value  at  27 
cents  per  bushel,  $55,876,419,  or  $3,408,984  less  than  the  value  of  last  year's 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  I         41 

crop.  The  total  yield  this  year  was,  however,  86,741,400  bushels  more 
than  was  produced  in  1911,  and  5,349,700  bushels  in  excess  of  the  big 
crop   of  1895. 

Spring  Wheat. — Area  harvested,  506,650  acres;  average  yield  18.7 
bushels  per  acre;  total  yield,  9,486,700  bushels;  price  per  bushel,  76  cents; 
total  value,  $7,209,892. 

Winter  Wheat. — Area  harvested,  333,710  acres;  average  yield  per  acre, 
24.3  bushels;  total  yield,  8,133,530  bushels;  average  price,  78  cents  per 
bushel;    total  value,   $6,344,153. 

Barley. — Average  per  acre,  32.5  bushels;  total  yield,  9,587,760;  farm 
price,  50  cents;   total  value,  $4,793,880. 

Rye. — Average  yield,  20.7  bushels  per  acre;  total  crop,  888,530  bushels; 
farm  price,  61  cents;   total  value,  $542,003. 

Flax  Seed. — Average  per  acre,  11.3  bushels;  total  product,  423,060 
bushels;  total  value  at  $1.31  per  bushel,  $554,208. 

Potatoes. — Average  yield  per  acre,  104  bushels;  total  yield,  12,904,500 
bushels;   average  price,  44  cents;   total  value,  $5,677,980. 

Hay  (Tame).— Average  yield,  1.6  tons;  total  yield,  4,287,600  tons; 
average  price,  $9.89;   total  value,  $42,404,364. 

Hay  (Wild). — Average  yield,  1.4  tons;  total  yield,  1,085,440  tons;  aver- 
age price,  $7.43;   total  value,  $8,064,819. 


TABULATED  CROP  SUMMARY. 

Corn  — — - - —  421,368,400  Bu.    $151,698,624 

Oats    206,949,700  Bu.  55,876,419 

Spring  wheat 9,486,700  Bu.  7,209,982 

Winter  wheat   —  8,133,530  Bu.  6,344,153 

Barley   9,587,760  Bu.  4,793,880 

Rye    888,530  Bu.  542,003 

Flax   seed   423,060  Bu.  554,208 

Potatoes    12,904,500  Bu.  5,677,980 

Hay    (Tame)    4,287,600  Tons  42,404,364 

Hay   (Wild)    1,085,440  Tons  8,064,819 

Pasture  and  grazing  Estimated  85,000,000 

Ensilage   Estimated  4.000,000 

Timothy  seed  Estimated  2,300,000 

Clover  seed   Estimated  516,736 

Alfalfa    and   millet  Estimated  1,200,000 

Sweet    corn    _  Estimated  1,137,500 

Pop   co-m    Estimated  600,000 

Fruit   crops   Estimated  5,500,000 

Garden  truck Estimated  1,500,000 

Miscellaneous    crops    Estimated  7,500,000 

Total   value  $392,420,668 

The  estimated  value  of  soil  products  for  1911  was —$388,991,154 


42 


IOWA    DEPARTMENT    OF    AGRICULTURE 


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PART  II 


STATISTICAL  TABLES 

OF 

IOWA'S  PRINCIPAL  FARM  CROPS 


CORN  CROPS— 1880,  1885,  1890'. 
Statistics  Compiled  from  Reports  of  Secretary  of  Iowa  Agricultural  Society. 


Year 

2 

< 

.2 

if! 

<D 

a 

03 

1880  —     

41 
33 
28 

230,633,200 
224,636,522 
239,675,156 

.23 
.41 

$  57,658,300 
51,666,400 
98,266,814 

5,625,200 
6,803,834 
8,550,827 

1885   -        

1890   

CO'RN  OROtBS— 1896-1912. 

Statistics  CompiJed  from  Reports  of  Crop  SeTvice  Division  of  Iowa  State  Department  of 

Agriculture, 


Y 

"3 

1! 

Is 

< 

2 
.2 
>> 

1 
o 

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> 

1 

o 

be 

V 

< 

1896 

39 

1      29 
34.5 

312,692,210 
239,452,150 
289,214,850 
306,852,710 
345,055,040 
227,908,850 
296,950,230 
230,511,310 
323,853,330 
345,871,840 
388,836,252 
246,898,460 
£01,873,150 
308,036,868 
334,374,428 
281,366,600 
421,368,400 

$  .14 
.17 
.23 
.23 
.27 

$  43,916,900 
40,706,860 
66,519,400 
70,429,410 

8,043,390 
8,253,522 
8,396,286 
8,460,521 
8,618,660 
8,687,480 
8,700,000 
7,398.320 
9,000,000 
9,285,150 
9.443,960 
8,858,000 
8,399,610 
8,681,850 
8,399,712 
8,534,500 
9,199,610 

1897   

1898 .- 

1899   

36.3 

40.3 

26.2 

34 

31 

36 

37.2 

41 

29.6 

35.9 

1900 

1901   _ 

.50  !        113,9ot,0"JO 
.28  j          a3.432,700 
.36            ^^  ''"ii  (^71 

1902 

1903 --     

190-t   

1905       -      . 

.35 
.35 
.33 
44 

113,348,665 
121,055,144 
128,155,143 

10S  fiSf^   S99 

1906   

1907   

1908 

.51           153, 955  ,'306 

51  j        iw  c/4<i  arv? 

1909   _.    _ 

34.6 
39.8 
32.9 
45.8 

1910   

1911 

1912   

.36 
.54 
.36 

120,374,794 
151,937,964 
151,698,624 

Average  17  years 

35.5 

305,948,040 

$  .35 

105,962,821 

8,609,445 

50 


IOWA   DEPARTMENT   OP   AGRICULTURE 


OATS— 1880,   1885,   1890 
Statistics  Compiled  from  Reports  of  Secretary  of  Iowa  Agricultural  Society. 


(U 

^ 

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13 

2 
>> 

63  »-,  S 

> 

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"3 

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03 

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1880 
1885 
1890 


35 
32.5 


42,288,800 

$  .23 

71,737,900 

.21 

80.002,735 

.38 

$  9,496,424 
15,064,959 
30,401,039 


1,179,680 
2,207,820 
2,758,715 


OATS— 1896-1912. 

Statistics  CompiJed  from  Reports  of  Crop  Service  Division  of  lo'.va  State  Department  of 

Agriculture. 


Year 

n 

< 

"3 
1 

3 

"3 

"3 
o 

to 

S3 

< 

1S96 

26 

30 

32 

34.5 

35 

32 

31 

25.9 

29.4 

83.8 

34 

24.5 

25.5 

27 

36 

25.7 

44.4 

73,450,000 
132,517,150 
139,915,340 
140,647,300 
138,832,300 
114,883,000 
92,907,900 
99,012,660 
118,435,570 
146,439,240 
142,036,5:30 
111,190,400 
112,830,490 
117,083,850 
169,207,098 
120,208,300 
206,949,700 

$  .12 
.16 
.21 
.19 
.20 
.35 
.24 
.30 
.26 
.25 
.27 
.39 
.43 
.85 
.27 
.41 
.27 

$      8,814,000 
21,211,880 
29,383,220 
26,722,980 
27,766,460 
40,209,230 
22,297,000 
29,703,793 
80,793,284 
36.609,810 
3^,349,878 
43,364,256 
48,517,110 
40,979,348 
45,685,916 
59,285,403 
55,876,419 

2,825,000 
4  40'), 7 62 

1897 

1898 

4  '^99,213 

1899     —     —        - 

4,069,557 

1900   

S,S;J1,690 
3,7!^K),''20 

*1901   

1902   

3,770,624 

tl903 

3,822,S22 
4,018,980 

1904   

1905 

4,177,545 
4,166,800 
4,536,170 
4,481  650 

1906  _ 

1907   _ 

1908     

1909   _.. 

4,sr2,i;:4 

1910   

4,697,749 
4,660  50<:' 
4,665,1(.K) 

1911   

1912   

Average  17  years 

31.0 

128,032,166 

$  .27 

$    35,621,735 

4,155,916 

*Short  corn  crop. 
tExcessive  moisture. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 


51 


WHEAT— 1880,  1885,  1890. 
Statistics  Compiled  from  Reports  of  Secretary  of  Iowa  Agriculturnl  Society. 


WHEAT— 1806-1912. 

Statistics  CompiJed  from  Reports  of  Crop  iService  Division  of  Iowa  State  Department  of 

Agriculture. 


Year 


-O       03 

-o      ? 

.^       Xi 

.2      -a 

P»a;^ 

^u  ^ 

?  O  bi3 

a>  o  Jr 

^^a 

^*- 

S '- " 

S  a)  a 
t*  G  to 

^^■^ 

< 

< 

2« 

<D  0) 


g": 


1897   

1898   

1899   

1800  

1901   

1902  

1903  

1904  

1905  _ 

1906  

1907 

1908  

1909  

1910  

1911  

1912  

Av.  17  yrs- 


13 

17 

13.4 

13 

14.8 

16.5 

12.7 

11 

14.3 

13.3 

15.3 

17.6 

13 

18 

12.6 

16.9 

9.1 

14.3 

14.4 

20.2 

15 

23 

13 

19.8 

15.4 

19.7 

12.5 

18.2 

19.3 
13.1 

18.5 
19.7 

18.7 

24.3 

14.1 

17.7 

7,047,235 

12,941,600 

19,152,352 

19,574,792 

20,280,280 

17,429,230 

12,680,800 

9,481,350 

7,080,430 

5,155,760 

5,603,880 

4,402,320 

4,968,250 

3,80^,460 

6,773,799 

4,674,500 

9,486,700 


10,031,926 


3,351,550 
1,671,454 
3,168,916 
226,040 
1,018,070 
865,770 
825,045 
1,435,380 
1,017,000 
1,253,020 
1,566,050 
1,698,101 
1,678,540 
3,621,953 
3,635,405 
3,959,000 
8,133,530 


2,301,460 


10,398,785' 

14,613,054 

22,321,268 

19,900,830 

21,288,350 

18,295,000 

13,532,845 

10,916,730 

8,097,430 

6,408,780 

7,169,930 

6,100,421 

6,646,790 

7,431,413 

10,409,204 

8,633,500 

17,620,230 


77 


020,000 
813,650 

,602,000 
701,490 
799,370 
965,000 
062,640 
167,643 

,044,809 
614,321 
579,697 

,974,302 
716,239 
688,272 

,951,915 
683,715 

,554,135 


739,245 

1,222,974 

1,484,682 

1,559,931 

1,492,630 

1,188,239 

1,021,281 

837,422 

846,070 

420,068 

443,810 

424,407 

408,614 

502,762 

546,179 

559,272 

840,360 


12,340,268 


$.72 


$  8,290,541 


855,173 


52 


IOWA   DEPARTMENT   OF   AGRICULTURE 


BARLEY— 1880.  1885,  1890. 
Statistics  Compiled  from  Reports  of  Secretary  of  Iowa  Agricultural  Society. 


<i> 

-a 

X3 

S  3^ 

Year 

2 

1:3  t,  S 

(UO'S 

s 

^ 

-5 

s^s 

"3 

03 

OJ  o 

O)  c3  QJ 

»-. 

p»  ft 

o 

>  >Q 

o 

o 

< 

H 

<J 

&H 

<! 

1880   _. 

23 
27 
24 

4,600,000 
5,737,095 
8,664,368 

$  .42 
.33 

.47 

$      1,932,000 
1,893,241 
1,722,254 

200,000 

1885   

212,485 

1890 

152,682 

BARLEY— 1896-1912. 

Statistics  CompiJed  from  Reports  of  Crop  Service  Division  of  Iowa  State  Department  of 

Agriculture. 


Year 

Is 

< 

T5 
O 

"3 

W    S-    Q) 

sli 

"3 
> 

"3 
1 

o 

< 

1896  

29 

25 

27.5 

25.6 

26.3 

24.2 

25 

24.7 

25 

27.5 

26.5 

24.6 

26.7 

17.5 

25.9 

22.9 

32.5 

15,881,618 

14,076,850 

14,138,000 

14,719,310 

12,695,200 

14,654,410 

15,380,910 

12,179,790 

12,317,710 

15,566,770 

14,858,830 

9,893,330 

10,629,660 

10,352,040 

8,614,541 

7,197,090 

9,587,760 

$  .20 
.23 
.30 
.30 
.33 
.44 
.33 
.37 
.34 
.33 
.36 
.60 
.50 
.46 
.56 
.90 
.50 

$      3,176,320 
3,237,670 

4,209,740 
4,415,570 
4,189,410 
6,447,940 
5,075,710 
4,506,522 
4,188,021 
5,137,034 
5,349,178 
5,935,998 
5,314,830 
4,761,938 
4,824,143. 
6,477,381 
4,793,880 

547,642 

1897 

551,867 

1888 

509,580 

1899 

557,598 

1900                                           

501,740 

1901   

604,610 

1902   

594,070 

1903   

493,108 

1904   

493,370 

1905 

565,700 

1906 

558,870 

1907 

397,210 

1908   

307,408 

1909   

562,622 

1910   

324,571 

1911 

313,147 

1912 

294,935 

Average   17  years 

25.6 

12,514,342 

$  .41 

$      4,825,958 

481,062 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 


53 


RYE— 1880,   1885,   1890. 
Statistics  Compiled  from  Reports  of  Secretary  of  Iowa  Agricultural  Society. 


Year 

2 
1^ 

2 

a; 

v. 

a) 

a> 

2£ 

•3 

25  S 

a>  e)  (i> 

a 

08 

2i 

>  p. 

Q 

>  >Q 

o 

t> 

<^ 

^ 

< 

H 

<J 

1880  

14 

15 
16 

574,000 
1,710,000 
1,608,960 

,.38 
.42 
.51 

$         218,120 
718,200 
820,570 

41,000 

1885                                              

114,000 

1890          -  _ 

100,560 

RYE— 1896-1912. 

Statistics  CompiJed  from  Reports  of  Crop  Service  Division  of  Iowa  State  Department  of 

Agriculture. 


Year 

2 

1! 

n 

< 

1 

"3 

OS  ^.,  S 

< 

> 

< 

1896 

16 

15 

16 

16.3 

15.6 

15.8 

17 

15.6 

15 

18 

17.5 

17 

17.1 

13.4 

13.8 

16.8 

20.7 

1,891,716 

3,490,344 

3,370,550 

2,061,160 

1,621,130 

859,630 

882,830 

1,923,060 

1,517,090 

1,283,500 

1,093,160 

900,060 

869,072 

556,846 

407,058 

486,130 

888,530 

$  .25 
.34 
.38 
.40 
.43 
.48 
.40 
.44 
.54 
.52 
.48 
.61 
.63 
.60 
.61 
.79 
.61 

$         486,680 
1,186,710 
1,280,800 
824,460 
697,300 
859,630 
353,132 
846,146 
819,228 
667,420 
520,719 
549,036 
547,515 
334,107 
248,305 
384,043 
542,008 

121,670 

1897  _    -           

226,198 

1898  

1899  _     

210.309 
126,236 

1900 

103,680 

1901 

54,390 

1902  

55,150 

1908   

123,273 

1904                                          

99,500 

1905  __ - 

71,305 

1906 

1907   _ 

1908  _      -_  

62,630 
62,97'5 
50,893 

1909 

41,606 

1910  

29,502 

1911 

28,710 

1912  .      „     

42,970 

Average  17  years 

16.3 

1,417,751 

$  .50 

$         655,720 

88,288 

54 


IOWA    DEPARTMENT   OF   AGRICULTURE 


HAY— 1880,  1885,  1890. 
Statistics  Compiled  from  Reports  of  Secretary  of  Iowa  Agricultural  Society. 


-o 

TJ 

3 

(U 

1 

■Is 

1 

13 

T3 

2§ 

^1    ^ 

>  1    >. 

s 

Year 

.« 

ss 

_q; 

a§- 

ll 

0) 

2a 

M 

^1 

II 

5^ 

2i-a 

03  — 

o 

< 

H 

<! 

H 

H 

< 

♦sj 

H 

< 

*1880 

*1885  

1890 

1.5 

4.991,335 

$6.84 



$^,140,731 

3,327,557 

*No  authentic  data  obtainable. 


HAY— 1806-1912. 

Statistics  Compiled  from  Reports  of  Crop  Service  Division  of  Iowa  State  Department  of 

Agriculture. 


Year 

•Is 

by  a; 

2s 
< 

1 

< 

1 

"3 

"3 
>.  1 

a; 

2^  s 

2"2 

1 

53  — 

I- 

< 

1896   

1897  _ 

1.5 
1.6 
1.7 
1.5 
1.4 
1.4 
1.8 
1.9 
1.5 
1.8 
1.3 
1.5 
1.8 
1.7 
1.1 
0.8 
1.6 

3,376,440 

3,362,287 
3,852,561 
4,852,941 
3,600,010 
3,711,680 
4,139,040 
5,216,404 
4,499,090 
6,477,300 
4,892,950 
5,117,878 
5,838,640 
5,828,580 
3,876,844 
3,246,200 
4,287,600 

1.5 

1.3 

1.2 

1.2 

1. 

1.2 

1.3 

1.3 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

1.3 

1.6 

1.4 

1.1 

0.9 

1.4 

2,325,000 
1,939,117 
1,^5,419 
1,458,195 
1,580,050 
1,268,700 
1,202,860 
1,191,345 
1,091,590 
1,313,310 
1,110,690 
1,172,590 
1,445,989 
1,219,630 
807,280 
683,385 
1,065,440 

5,701,440 
5,301,320 
5,498,080 
5,311,130 
5,139,060 
4,980,380 
5,641,900 
6,407,749 
5,590,680 
7,790,610 
6,003,640 
6,290,468 
7,284.620 
7,048,210 
4,684,124 
3,929,585 
5,373,040 

$4.50 
4.50 
4.30 
5.75 
6.50 
8.25 
6.80 
5.75 
5.62 
5.50 
7.50 
8.50 
6.16 
7.42 

10.15 

$3.30 
3,70 
3.50 
4.90 
5.00 
6.30 
5.50 
4.95 
4.50 
4.50 
5.50 
6.75 
5.09 
5.90 
«  m 

$22,782,000 
22,304,000 
22,281,000 
29,350,000 
31,120,000 
38,712,000 
36,787,322 
35,891,480 
30,197,040 
41,535,045 
42,805,920 
51,316,945 
43,326,060 
50,443,781 
45,808,207 
50,653,116 
50,469,183 

3,800,960 
3,315,972 
4,104,967 
3,742,655 
4,078,960 

1898    

1899    — 

1900    _    _.      - 

1901    

3,608,450 
3,391,408 
3,651,894 
3,707,298 
4,692,925 

1902    

1903    

1904 

1905    

1906    

4,418,600 

1907    

1908    

1909  — 

4,268,730 
4,146,870 
4,299,740 
4,367,725 
4,214,540 
3,682,359 

1910 

1911    

1912    

13.44  ! 10.28 
9.89  j  7.43 

Av.  17  yrs. 

1.5 

4,440,320 

1.3 

1,322,976 

5,763,296 

$7.09   $5.59 

$37,987,241 

3,970,238 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 


55 


FLAX— 1880,  1SS5,  1890. 
Statistics  Compiled  from  Reports  of  Secretary  of  Iowa  Agricultural  Society. 


"oj 

12 

Year 

Kg 

2 

Ma,  a 

> 

S 

h 

"3 

<U  03  O' 

■3 

S3 

2J 

>  Oi 

o 

>  >Q 

o 

o 

< 

^ 

<1 

B 

•< 

1880     

10 

1,034,200 

$  l.OO 

$      1,034,200 

103,420 

«1885     - 

.94 
1.10 

2,503,293 
3,276,989 

1890 

10.5 

2,929,081 

283.722 

^No   other   data. 


FLAX— 1896-1912. 

Statistics  CompiJed  from  Reports  of  Crop  Serrvice  Division  of  Iowa  State  Department  of 

Agriculture . 


Year 

2 

-I 

>  a 

< 

•a 
>> 

I 

iff 

<v  a-S 
a»  03  a* 

D 
> 

1 

.03 
l-c 

o 

< 

1896       

9.5 
10 
10.5 
11.2 
11.7 
18.8 

8 

8.7 
11 

9.8 
10.7 
10.  S 
11.3 
10 

8.6 

8.5 
11.3 

1,946,720 

2,498,600 

2,376,600 

1,597,790 

1,222,980 

916,890 

755,350 

355,160 

591,140 

173,770 

205,280 

461,960 

461,580 

173,650 

170,387 

173,710 

423,060 

$  .95 

.87 

.80 

1.04 

1.50 

1.29 

1.00 

.78 

1.15 

.90 

.97 

.98 

1.01 

1.29 

2.28 

2.00 

1.31 

$      1,135,000 

2,173,782 

1,901,280 

1,661,898 

1,834,470 

916,890 

725,350 

277,024 

679,811 

156,393 

200,091 

408,640 

466,195 

223,647 

388,482 

347,420 

554,208 

199,128 

1897       — 

249,882 

1898 - 

225,014 

1899   

142,175 

1900 

108,850 

1901       _          —    

104,140 

1902   

94,767 

1903   

40,823 

1904   

51,370 

1905 

17,732 

1906       -                 _                 _ 

19,160 

1907   __-      .- 

42,790 

1908 

40,833 

1909  

17,365 

1910  

1911  -                      -    — 

19,821 
20,205 

1912   -          — 

37,305 

Average  17  years 

10.6 

826,039 

$1.18 

$         822,975 

84,198 

56 


IOWA   DEPARTMENT    OF   AGRICULTURE 


POTATOES— 1880,  1885,  1890. 
Statistics  Compiled  from  Reports  of  Secretary  of  Iowa  Agricultural  Society. 


d) 

X3_^ 

-a 

si- 

Year 

53  t-  S3 

V 

bea 

>> 

> 

bt 

ss 

1 

oi  03  a; 

rt 

OS 

>  ft 

o 

>>Q 

o 

o 

< 

H 

ol 

H 

<5 

1880   

95 

10,165,000 

$  .35 

$      3,557,750 

107,000 

1885   

82 

12,874,000 

.40 

5,149,600 

157,000 

1890  _. 

49 

8,332,352 

.81 

6,749,205 

170,048 

POTATOES— 1896-1912 . 

Statibties  CompiJed  from  Reports  of  Crop  Senvice  Division  of  lowJi  State  Department  of 

Agriculture . 


Year 

ft 

So; 
< 

2 
"5 

1 

III 

>  >Q 
< 

0) 

3 

> 

1 

a> 
bo 

o 

1896 

87 

60 

76 

98 

78 

37.4 

91 

53.8 
125 

84 
101 

8-4 

89.9 

90 

75.3 

71 
101 

1+,S14,795 
10,051,910 
12,538,410 
15,252,934 
10,850,900 

5,098,460 
12,051,670 

6,082,694 
14,255,680 

9,352,190 
11,697,500 

9,8*7,430 
10,658,290 
12,427,595 

9,986,881 

9,386,390 
12,904,500 

$  .21 
.4-5 
.31 
.24 
.40 
.90 
.34 
.75 
.28 
.50 
.48 
.62 
.59 
.53 
.58 
.71 
.44 

$      2,962,950 
4,523,360 
3,826,900 
3,660.714 
4,340,360 
4,588,610 
4,095,650 
4,562,020 
3,991,590 
4,676,045 
5,614,800 
6,106,406 
6,288,391 
6,586,625 
5.792,391 
8,353,887 
5,677.980 

170,285 

1897    

163,248 

1898   

164.466 

1899 

154,243 

1900   - 

149,680 

*1901   . 

136,300 

1902 -      _. 

138,484 

tl903 

113,433 

1904   

113,250 

1905   

111,335 

1906     

115,310 

1907 

117,350 

1908   

118,517 

1909 

138,139 

1910   -            

132,640 

1911   ....  - 

132 ,865 

1912   

124,030 

Average  17  years 

82.7 

11,015.190 

$  .49 

$      5,038,100 

134,916 

*V€ry  dry. 
tVery  wet. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  B00k--PART  1! 


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THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 


63 


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1,247 

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887 

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THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 


67 


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THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  H 


69 


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THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 


71 


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Si 

S 

13,422 
1,511 
1,824 
2,3i7 

2,294 
6,140 
2,772 
1,922 
900 

885 

1,028 

11,381 

4,631 

7,421 

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12,289 

1,326 

1,521 

2,188 

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2,012 

19,339 

5,938 

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680 

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5,613 
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2,144 
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900 
8,782 
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11,392 
10,108 

8,589 
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16,355 
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24,975 

6,439 

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634 

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1,305 
10,374 
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6,210 

22,024 
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12,741 

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THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BUOK— PART  II 


2,498 
2,168 
4.871 
4.461 
3.277 

2,075 

1,106 

613 

1,077 

2,370 

1,803 
1,929 
1,653 
687 
6,715 

298 

126 

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652 

2,261 
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7,564 

1,492 
2,057 
5,796 
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1,128 
719 
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2,142 
2,244 
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4,730 

635 

116 

1,173 

720 

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5,355 
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2,772 
2.822 
5,549 
1,866 
2,170 

1,683 
1,381 
859 
1,518 
3,591 

670 
1,644 
2,997 

588 
3,118 

800 

133 

1,785 

1,190 

3,393 
6,419 
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1,864 
2,344 
4,814 
4,190 
3,451 

2,341 
1,094 
801 
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1,618 
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585 

156 

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THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 


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80 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


STATISTICS    OF   THE    PRINCIPAL   CROPS. 

(Figures  furnished  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture, 
except  where  otherwise  credited.) 

CORN. 

Corn  crop  of  countries  named^  1908-1912. 


Country 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

NORTH    AMERICA. 

United    States    

Canada: 
Ontario 

?.,'368,6ol,000 

21,742,000 

1,126,000 

150,000,000 

2,552,190,000 

18,211,000 

1,047,000 

170,000,000 

2,886,260,030 

17,858,000 

860,000 

190,766, OCO 

2,531,488,000 

18,001,000 

768,000 

130,000,000 

3,124,746,000 
16,047,000 

Quebec    

Mexico. 

514,000 
(1) 

Total         .    -_. 

2,841,519,000 

136,055,000 
1,344,000 
4,004,000 

2,741,4-18,000 

177,155,000 
1,178,000 
6,671,000 

3,095,739,000 

175,187,000 
1,378,000 
6,514,000 

2,740,-255,OCO 

27,675,030 
1,  •2-21,000 
3,643,000 

SOUTH  AMERICA. 

295,338,003 

Chile 

(1) 

Uruguay    

(1) 

Total 

141,403,000 

15,170,000 

146,122,000 

•20,536,000 

8,S2l,00a 

135,004,000 

15,657,000 

161,860,000 

21,752,000 

10,972,000 

183,079,000 

16,823,000 

187,733,000 

25,589,000 

10,051,003 

32,539,000 

11,856,030 

137,421,000 

24,005,000 

8,416,000 

EUROPE. 

Austria-Hungary: 
Austria 

15,053,0  0 

Hungary    proper 

Croatia-Slavonia    — - 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 

184,045,000 
(1) 
8,555,000 

Total   Austria- 
Hungary    

Bulgaria    

Franfc 

190,649,000 

20,717,000 
26,247,000 
95,953,000 
15,000,000 
78,892,000 

49,663,000 
11,449,000 

•no,  241,  COO 

20,472,000 
26,075,000 
99, -289,000 
15,000,030 
70,138,000 

29, -223.000 
10,375,000 

240,196,000 

2S,3oO,OCO 
23,399,030 

101,7-22,000 
15,000,000 

103,665,000 

63,089,000 
14,093,000 

181,698,000 

SO,5CO,00( 
16,860,030 
93,680,000 
15,000,00ti 
110,712,0<X 

(1) 

Italy                              —    - 

98,638,030 

(1) 

i9, 000,000 

Russia: 

Russia   proper   _.___- 

(1) 

(1) 

Total  Russia 

Scrvia  _. 

61,112,000 

21,010,000 
20,115,000 

39,598,000 

34,453,000 
26,433,000 

77,182,000 

33,204,030 
27,366,000 

(2)  82,286,000 

•:6, 531, 000 
28,730,000 

(2)  79,^34,000 

a) 

25,069,000 

Total             --    - 

529,695,000 

402,000 
65,000,000 
20,000,000 

541,699,000 

426,000 
65,000,000 
20,000,000 

050,094,000 

556,000 
70,294,000 
20,000,000 

585,997,000 

554,000 
67,903,000 
20,000,000 

AFRICA. 
Algeria                   -    

374,000 

■       69,913,000 

Union  of  South  Africa- 

(1) 

Total  

85,402,000 

85,426,000 

90,850,000 

S8  457,000 

(L)  No  official  data  received. 

(2)  Includes  Asiatic  Russia   (10  Governments   ol!). 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 


81 


STATISTICS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  CROPS. 
CORN-Continued. 


Country 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

AUSTRALASIA. 

'•.istralia: 

Queensland   _-    

3,191,000 

4,671,000 

525,000 

1,000 

2,855,000 

5,380,000 

671,000 

2,000 

2,588,000 

7,322,000 
1,195,000 

i,oon 

7,000 

4,601,000 
7,833,000 
1,013,000 

1,000 
7,000 

New    South    Wales- 

Victoria 

Western   Australia... 

Total 

8,388,000 
519,000 

8,908,000 
736,000 

11,113,000 
750,000 

13,455,000 
478,000 

9,186,030 
278,000 

NeAv    Zealand             

Total  Australasia. 

8,907,000 

9,644,000 

11,863,000 

13,933,000 

9,464,000 

Grand  total 

3,606,926,000 

3,563,221,000 

4,031,625,000 

3,461,181,000 

(3) 

Total  production  of  corn  in  "countries  named"  (the  so-called  "world  crop"),  1894-1912. 
[As  compiled  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.] 


Tear 

Productica 

Year 

Production 

1894                  

1,671,307,000 
2,834,750,000 
2,964,435,000 
2,587,208,000 
2,682,619,000 
2,724,100,000 
2,792,561,000 
2,366,883,000 
3,187,311,000 
3,066,506,000 

1904 

3,109,252,000 
3,461,181,000 
3,963,645,00) 
3,420,321,000 
3,606,926,000 
3,563,221,000 

1895    

1905       ... 

18C6 

1906 

1897            .                -     

1907 

1S0S      

190S        

1S99    _     -   -       

1    1909 --.-... 

1900    .  - 

1    1910 

4,031,625,000 
3,461,181,000 

1901    _- . 

1    1911        

1902    

1    1812    

1903 

1 

(3)  Total  of  countries  whence  returns  have  been  received  in  1912  is  4,016,750,000  bushels, 
against  3,133,421,000  bushels  for  same  countries  in  1911. 


82 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


STATISTICS   OF  THE   PRINCIPAL    CROPS-Continued. 

WHEAT. 
Wheat  crop  of  countries  named,  190S-1912. 


Country 


NORTH  AMERICA. 

United   States 

Canada: 

New  Brunswick 

Ontario 

Manitoba  

SasK-atchewan   

Alberta  

Other  

Total  Canada.— 

Mexico  

Total    

SOUTH  AMERICA. 

Argentina  _-_ _. 

Chile 

Uruguay  

Total  

EUROPE. 

Austria-Hungary: 

Austria   

Hungary    proper 

Croatia-Slavonia    — 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 

Total  Austria- 
Hungary    


Belgium 

Bulgaria  .— 
Denmark    __ 

Finland 

France  

Germany   _- 

Greece  

Italy    

Montenegro 
Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal  _.- 
Roumania  - 


1909 


1910 


1911 


Bushels      I      Bushels  Bushels  Bushels 


1912 


Bushels 


664,602,000       683,350,000       635,121,000 


349,000 

18,057,000' 
50,269,000 
34,742,000 
6,S42,000| 
2,175, OOO! 


395,000! 

16,262,000 

52,706,000 

85,197,000, 

9,579,000 

2,605,000 


371,000 

17,805,000 

41,159,000 

81,139,000 

6,593,000 

2,923,000 


621,338,000       730,267,000 


270,000 
19,252,000 
60,275,000 
97,665,000 
36,143,000 
2,313,000 


225, OCO 
13,638,000 
58,8S9,0G0 
93, 849, OCO 
30,574,000 
2,051,000 


112,434,000 
10,000,000 


166,744,000j 

io,ooo,oooi 


149,990,000 
11,976,000 


215, 918, OCO 
12,000,000 


199, 236, 0:0 
12,000,OCO 


787,036,000       860,094,000       797,087,000       849,256,C00i      941,503,000 


192,487,000  156,162,000  131,010,000  145,981,000  166,190,000 
18,915,000  17,671,000  19,682,000  18,184,000  20,000,000 
7,430,0001  8,595,000  7,750,000  6,009,000  8,757,000 


2lS,832,000i      182,428,000       158,442,000;       170,174,000       194,947,000 


62, 129, 000 I 

152,204,000 

13,220,000 

3,023,000 


58,477,000 

113,352,000 

11,662,000 

2,594,000 


Russia: 

Russia  proper 

Poland    

Northern  Caucasia- 
Total  Russia 
(European)    . 


230,576,000 

13,393,000 

36,496,000 

4,318,000 

111,000 

317,765,000 

138,440,0001 

8,000,000 

152,236,000 

200,000 

5,121,000 

333,000 

8,000,000 

54,813,000 


383,016,000 
21,182,000 
84,964,000 


58.213,CO0: 

169,700,000 

11,434,000 

2,671,000 


58,865,000 

174,888,000 

15.881,000 

2,941,000 


489,162,000 


186,085,000 

14,603,000 

32,071,000 

3,829,000 

134,000 

356,193,000 

137,999,000! 

7,000,0001 

190,378,000 

200,0001 

4,158,0001 

313,000 

8,000,000 

56,751,000 


586,819,000 

21,194,000 

103,465,000, 

__J 1. 


242,018,000 

12,449,000 

42,247,000 

4,547,0001 

125,000; 

257,667,000j 

141,884,000 

7,000,000 

153,403,000 

200,000 

4,441,000 

294,000 

9,000,000 

110,761,000 


552,067,0001. 

22,757,000 

124,589,000 


252,575,000 

14,616,000 

48,000,000 

4,469,000 

125,000 

315,126,000 

149,411,000 

8,000,000 

192,395,000 

200,000 

6,511,000 

271.000 

11,550,000 

93,724,000 


711,478,000'   609,413,000'   447,016,000 


69,712,000 

169, 510, OCO 

14,855, COO 

2, 993, COO 


257,070,000 

15,000.  a:o 

45,000,000 

4,000,000 

130,000 

334,871,0C0 

160,224,000 

7,000,000 

165,720,000 

200, ca-) 

4, 500, COO 

332,00> 

7,. ^00,  COO 

83,924,000 


623,728,000 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 

STATISTICS   OF  THE   PRINCIPAL    CROPS— Continued. 
WHEAT- Continued. 


Country 


EUROPE-Cont. 

Servia  _ 

Spain  

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Turkey    (European). 

United  Kingdom: 

England  

Wales    

Scotland    

Ireland    

Total  United 
Kingdom   _. 

Total  

ASIA. 

British    India    including 
such    native    States  as 

report   

Cyprus    

Japanese  Empire: 

Japan    

Formosa   

Total  Japanese 
Empire    

Persia    

Russia: 

Central  Asia  

Siberia  

Transcaucasia    

Total  Russia 

(Asiatic)    

Turkey  (Asia  Minor 
only)    

Total  

AFRICA. 

Algeria    

Egypt    

Tunis  

Union  of  South  Africa. 

Total  

AUSTRALASIA. 
Australia: 

Queensland   

New    South    Wales-. 

Victoria    

South    Australia 

Western  Australia  . 
Tasmania    

Total    Australif 
New  Zealand  

Total  Australasia 

Grand    totaL 


1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

Bushels            Bushels 

Bushers 

Bushels 

Bushels 

! 

11,495,000 

119,970,000 

6.756,000 

3,527,000 

19,462,000 

16,126,000 

144,105,000 

6,978,000 

3,568,000 

20,000.000 

15,561.000 

137,448,000 

7,450,000 

2,756,000 

20.000,000 

15,312,000 

148,495,000 

7,945,000 

3,524,000 

20,000,000 

14,000,0v0 

109,783,000 

7,832.100 

3,000,000 

18,000,000 

SI, 371,000 

S66, OOO 

1,854,000 

1,438,000 

60,121,000 
1,147,000 
2,111,000 
1,809,000 

53,464,000 
1,122,000 
2,020,000 
1,716,000 

60,729.000 
1,118,000 
2,786,000 
1,656,000 

54,219,000 
1,124,000 
2,472,000 
1,564,000 

55,629,000 

65,188,000 

58,322,000 

66,289,000 

59,409,000 

1,675,803,000 

228,670,000 
2,556,000 

22,587,000 
200,000 

1,965,157,000 

285,189,000 
1,912,000 

22,966,000 
200,000 

1,926,986,000 

359,654,000 
2,169,000 

24,487,000 
200,000 

1,804,854,000 

374,845,000 

2,394,000 

25,645,000 
200,000 

1,926,223,000 

366,370,000 

2,000,000 

25,000,000 
200,000 

■^2,787,000 

.0,000,000 

21,416,000 

55,755,000 

66,000 

23,166,000 

16,000,000 

26,429,000 

45,269,000 

94,000 

24,687,000 

16,000,000 

24,009,000 

52,140,000 

133,000 

25,845,000 
16,000,000 

25,200,000 
16,030,000 

77,237,000 
35,000,000 

71,792,000 
35,000,000 

76,282,000 
35,000,000 

62,475,000 
35,000.000 

103,283,000 
35,000,000 

382,250,000 

31,200,000 

30,000,000 

3,674,000 

2,500,000 

433,059,000 

29,739,000 
30,000,000 
6,430,000 
2,500,000 

513,792,000 

35,722,000 
32,623,000 
5,512,000 
2,500,000 

516,559,000 

35,874,000 

38,046,000 

8,635.000 

2,500,000 

547,853,000 

27,507,000 

32,000,000 

4,225,000 

2,500,000 

67,434,000 

715,000 

9,444,000 

12,482,000 

19,739,000 

3,018,000 

665,000 

68,669,000 

1,241,000 
15.9'71,000 
24,081,000 
20,009,000 

2,538,000 
723,000 

76,357,000 

1,621,000 
29,431,000 
29,687,000 
25.926,000 

5,779,000 
819,000 

85,055,000 

1,055,000 

28,793,000 

35,910,000 

25,112,000 

6,083,000 

1,156,000 

66,232,000 

294.030 
25,879,003 
21,550,000 
20,994,000 
4,496,000 

681,000 

46,063,000 
5,743,000 

64,563,000 
9,049,000 

93,263,000 
9,008.000 

98,109,000 
8,535,000 

73,894,000 
8,000,000 

51,806,000 

73,612,000 

102,271,000       106,644,000 

81,894,000 

3,183,161,000 

3,583,019,000 

3,574,935,000 

3,532,542,000 

3,758,652,000 

84 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


STATISTICS   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL    CROPS— Continued. 

WHEAT— Continued. 

Total  production  of  Avheat  in  "countries  named"  (the  so-called  "world  crop"),  1891-1912. 

[As  compiled  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.] 


Tear 

Production 

1                        Tear 

Production 

1891 

Bushels 
2,432,322,000 
2,481,805,000 
2,559,174,000 
2,600,557,000 
2,593,312,000 
2,506,320,000 
2,236,268,000 
2,948,305,000 
2,783,885,000 
2,640,751,000 
2,955,975,000 

1 
1902       

Bushels 

3,090,116,000 

1892 

1903       

3,189,813.000 

1893               ..     _-      

1904    

3,163,542,000 

1894 

1905 

3,327,084,000 

1895 

1906                                    —      - 

3,434,354,000 

1896                                      -     -- 

1907 

3,133,965,000 

1897 

1908    

3,183,161,000 

1898 

1909 

3,583,019,000 

1899 

1910 

3,574,935,000 

1900 

1911        --     --     --       — 

3,532,542,000 

1901 

1912               ..    

3,758,652,000 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 


85 


STATISTICS   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL    CROPS-Continued. 

OATS. 

Oat    crop    of    countries    named,     1908-1912. 


Country 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

NORTH  AMERICA. 

United  States  

Canada: 

New    Brunswick 

Quebec 

807,156,000 

5,057,000 
35,476,000 
103,821,000 
44,711,000 
29,205,000 
22,802,000 

9,303,000 

1,007,129,000 

5,775,000 
42,501,000 
109,192,000 
56,267,000 
91,796,000 
38,376,000 
10,559,000 

1,186,341,000 

6,351,000 
48,927,000 
128,917,000 
41,742,000 
61,367,000 
23,644,000 
12,501,000 

922,298,000 

5,727,000 
37,512,000 
82,679,000 
57,893,000 
97,962,000 
56,964,000 

9,849,000 

1,418,337,000 

5,359,000 
30,267,000 
91,899,000 
53,806,000 

Ontario 

Manitoba      --    - 

Saskatchewan   

Alberta 

105,115,000 
62,936,000 
12,351,000 

Other 

Total    Canada- 
Mexico  -- 

250,377,000 
17,000 

353,466,000 
17,000 

323,449,000 
17,000 

348,586,000 
17,000 

361,733,000 
17,000 

Total      --    - 

1,057,550,000 

33,949,000 

1,817,000 

239,000 

1,360,612,000 

31,984,000 

2,373,000 

462,000 

1,509,807,000 

36,488,000 

2,611,000 

400,000 

1,270,901,000 

47,192,000 

1,861,000 

590,000 

1,780,067,000 

69,169,000 

2,000,000 
1,825,000 

SOUTH  AMERICA. 

Argentina   

Chile    

Uruguay    

Total    

36,005,000 

144,069,000 

70,168,000 

4,253,000 

3,572,000 

34,819,000 

148,825,000 

92,270,000 

5,607,000 

4,575,000 

39,494,000 

126,548,000 

70,701,000 

5,445,000 

5,322,000 

49,643,000 

135,143,000 

89,656,000 

6,442,000 

^  5,405,000 

72,994,000 
146,376,000 

EUROPE. 

Austria-Hungary: 

Austria 

Hungary    proper 

Croatia-Slavonia 

Bosnia-Herzegovina  - 

77,521,000 
6,224,000 
4,762,000 

Total  Austria- 
Hungary    

222,062,000 

43,058,000 
11,252,000 
40.4.37,000 
18,321,000 
285,837,000 
530,126,000 
30,000,000 
19,683,000 
11,315,000 
17,212,000 

743,523,000 
66,135,000 
24,860,000 

251,277,000 

43,231,000 
9,356,000 
42,170,000 
19,759,000 
331,183,000 
628,712,000 
43,402,000 
19,361,000 
8,804,000 
25,945,000 

960,498,000 
73,758,000 
33,428,000 

208,016,000 

35,000,000 
10,789,000 
40,596,000 
18,000,000 
290,776,000 
544,287,000 
28,574,000 
18,039,000 
10,488,000 
29,647,000 

869,736,000 
65,510,000 
31,002,000 

236,646,000 

40,000,000 
12,000,000 
41,188,000 
22,642,000 
303,328,000 
530,764,000 
40,973,000 
17,724,000 
8,593,000 
26,222,000 

234,883,000 
38,003,000 

Bulgaria 

11,500,000 

42,000,000 

26,618,000 

France    

328,601,000 

Germany       --    __    -- 

586,987,000 

Italy      

28,306,000 

Netherlands    

Norway _  _    _ 

16,000,000 
11,607,000 

Roumania 

20,775,000 

Russia: 

Russia   proper 

Northern    Caucasia 



Total  Russia 
(European)    _— 

834,518,000 

3,057,000 
28,114,000 
72,773,000 

1,067,684,000 

5,810,000 
34,307,000 
69,292,000 

966,248,000 

5,364,000 
29,018,000 
75,238,000 

792,902,000 

5,050,000 
33,858,000 
63,462,000 

972,111,000 
4,750,000 

Spain  

Sweden    

23,035,000 
75,900,000 

86  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

STATISTICS   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL    CROPS— Continued. 
OATS-Continued. 


Country 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

Bushels 

1 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

EUROPE-Cont. 
United  Kingdom: 

82,470,000 

7,133,000 

37,920,000 

54,032,000 

80,573,000 

7,233,000 

39,097,000 

57,467,000 

80,225,000 

8,018,000 

37,425,000 

65,770,000 

74,119,000 

7,087,000 

36,757,000 

69,207,000 

68,706,000 
7,040,000 

Wales 

Scotland 

37,600,OCO 

Ireland 

66,867,000 

Total  United 
Kingdom    

181,555,000 

184,370,000 

191,438,000 

177,170,000 

180, 215,  COO 

Total 

2,349,320,000 

382,000 

17,371,000 

89,500,000 

27,000 

2,784,663,000 

385,000 

15,633,000 

62,033,000 

37,000 

2,501,518,000 

515,000 

12,812,000 

66,874,000 

57,000 

2,352,522.000 
466,000 

2,601,288,0CO 

ASIA. 

Cyprus    

Russia: 

Central  Asia 

500,000 

Siberia  - 

.. 

I 

,    1 

Total  Russia 
(Asiatic)  

106,8€8,000 

77,703,000 

79,743,000 

65,454,000 

95,473,0C0 

Total --    _ 

107,280,000 

10,651,000 
1.736,000 
3,500,000 

78,088,000 

9,600,000 
5,443,000 
3,500,000 

80,258,000 

13,306,000 
5,374,000 
3,500,000 

65,920,000 

11,520,000 
4,650,000 
3,500,000 

95,973,0CO 

AFRICA. 
Algeria    _    __    __ 

12,287,000 
2,067,000 
3,500,000 

Tunis   - ^— 

Union  of  South  Africa.. 

Total 

15,887,000 

10,000 
879,000 

5,365,000 
902,000 
745,000 

1,574,000 

18,543,000 

40,000 

1,154,000 

11,475,000 

1,320,000 

765,000 

1,900,000 

22,180,000 

52,000 
2,029,000 
8,163,000 
1,247,000 
1,287,000 
2,422,000 

19,670,000 

52,000 
1,756,000 
10,005,000 
1,172,000 
801,000 
2,128,000 

I7,854,00(.i 

AUSTRALASIA. 

Australia: 

Queensland  .. 

New   South    Wales- 

Victoria       --  — - 

South  Australia 

Western  Australia 

Tasmania 

Total  Australia.. 
New  Zealand 

9,475,000 
15,495,000 

16,654,000 
19,503,000 

15,200,000 
13,935,000 

15,914,000 
10,412,000 

9,863,000 
20,000,000 

Total  Australasia 

24,970,000 

36,157,000 

29,153,000 

26,326,000 

29,863,000 

Grand   total 

3,591,012,000 

4,312,882,000 

4,182,410,000 

3,784,9^,000 

4,598,059,000 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 


87 


STATISTICS   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL    CROPS-Continued. 


BARLEY. 

Barley  crop  of  countries  named,  KOS-1912. 


Country 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

NORTH  AMERICA. 
United  States 

166,756,000 

79,000 
2,170,000 
21,124,000 
17,093,000 
1,952,000 
3,881,000 
463,000 

173,321,000 

173.8.32.000 

160,240,000 

74,000 
0   41  •?  OClO 

223,824,000 

69,000 

2,163,000 

14  745,000 

Canada: 

New  Brunswick   

Quebec 

94,000                 73,000 
2,604,000i           2  547,000 

20,952,000         20,727,000          13'76O^0OO 

20,866,000;         13,826,0001         14,447,000 

4,493,000:          3,5S8.000i          5,445,000 

5, £99, 000:           3,953,000^           4,151,000 

390,000              424,000              3J1,C00 

Manitoba 

14,965,000 
5,926,000 
5,780  000 

Saskatchewan  

Alberta        -—      

Other  

366,000 

Total  Canada 

Mexico    

46,762,000 
7,000,000 

55,398,0O0j        45,148,000 
7,O0O,00O[          6,329,000 

40,631,000 
6,500,000 

44,oi4,o:;o 

6,500,000 

Total  

EUROPE. 

Austria-Hungary: 

220,518,000 

69,497,000 
56,324,000 
2,552,000 
2,389,000 

235,719,000       225,309,000 

75,565,000!        64,932,000 
71,868,000'         53,630,000 
2,394,000           2,732,000 
3,755,000,          3,787,000 

207,371,000 

69,383,000 

73,595,000 

3,146,000 

2,970,000 

274,338,000 

74,145,000 

70.173,000 

2,816,0tO 

2,857,000 

Hungary    proper 

Croatia-Slavonia 

Bosnia-Herzegovina- 

Total  Austria- 
Hungary    .. 

Belgium    

Bulgaria 

Denmark   

Finland    

France  

130,762,000 

4,409,000 
11,311,000 
20,166,000 

5,131,000 

40,673,000 

140,538,000 

153,582,000 

4,574,000 

9,322,000 

21,599,000 

4,887,000 

46,144,000 

16O..'5.51.0OO 

125,081,000 

3,748,000 
14,083,000 
21,793,000 

5,000,000 

43,477,000 

133,330,000 

149,094,000 

4,595,000 
16,000,000 
21,016,000 

6,631,000 
47.631,000 
145.132.000 

149,991,000 

4,C0O,0CO 
15,000,000 
22,000,000 
6,754,000 
50,646,000 
159,924,000 
8,403,000 
4,000,000 
3,083  0"0 

Italy 

9,000,000         10,951,000 
3,953,000           3,332,000 
3,028,000           2. .596. 000 

9,483, OOOi         10,882,000 

3,104,0001          3,416,000 

2,900.0001          2,550,000 

29  359,000         26  l.'^V  000 

Roumania 

12,873,000 

297,449,000 
23,790,000 
40,219,000 

19,955,000 

382,163,000 
26,671,000 
55,900,000 

21,295,000 

Russia: 

Russia  proper 

368,840,000 
21,959,000 
62,709,000 

Poland          -- 

Northern  Caucasia... 

Total  Russia 
(European)*  ... 

Servia             

367,458,000 

3,3.51,000 
69,596,000 
15,520,000 

46,353,000 
2,682,000 
7,410,000 
7,064,000 

464,734,000 

6,.314,O0O 
81,579,000 
13,900,000 

52,323,000 
2,804,000 
7,731,000 
8,258,000 

453,508,000 

6,795,000 
76,308,000 
14,763,000 

48,777,000 
2,896,000 
6,578,000 
0,846,000 

401,228,000 

4,609,000 
86,792,000 
13,725,000 

43,378,000 
2,729,000 
6,488,000 
7,099,000 

451,861,00C 

4,000,000 
59,994,000 
13,660,000 

42,951,000 
2,839,000 
7,115,000 
7,259,000 

Sweden 

United  Kingdom: 

Wales 

Scotland 

Total  United 
Kingdom    

63,509,000 

71,116,000 

65,097,000 

59,694,000 

60,164,000 

Total  

901,278,000 

1,075,136,000 

1,007,829,000 

999,152.000 

1,034,778,000 

*Exclusive  of  winter  barley. 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
STATISTICS   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL    CRO PS-Continued. 
BARLEY— Continued. 


Country 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

ASIA. 
Cyprus - 

2,613,000 

87,138,000 
34,000 

2,469,000 

87,185,000 
34,000 

2,121,000 

81,953,000 
44,000 

2,229,000 

86,468,000 
50,000 

2,000,000 

Japanese  Empire: 
Japan 

87,5C0,0C0 
50, COO 

Formosa 

Total  Japanese 
Empire    

Russia: 

Central  Asia 

87,172,000 

4,345,000 

6,103,000 

13,000 

10,461,000 
100,246,000 

41,543,000 
5,057,000 
3,000,000 

87,219,000 

4,099,000 

4,775,000 

10,000 

8,884,000 
98,572,000 

31,511,000 
9,186,000 
3,000,000 

81,997,000 

4,630,000 

5,511,000 

29,000 

10,170,000 
94,288,000 

47,790,000 
6,660,000 
3,000,000 

86,518,000 

87,550,000 

Siberia             -      --    - 

Transcaucasia — 

Total  Russia 
(Asiatic)*    

Total _. 

10,006,000 
98,753,000 

47,5S8,000 
13,319,000 
3,000,000 

12,263,000 
101,813,000 

AFRICA. 

32,887,OCO 
4,823,000 
3,000,000 

Timis   

Union  of  South  Africa- 

Total 

49,600,000 

67,000 

77,000 

1,093,000 

585,000 
79,000 

154,000 

43,697,000 

142,000 
172,000 
1,706,000 
852,000 
77,000 
190,000 

57,450,000 

2«0,C00 
281,000 
1,056,000 
713,000 
105,000 
158,003 

63,907,000 

86,000 

85,000 

1,383,000 

562,000 
35.000 

147,003 

40,710,000 

AUSTRALASIA. 

Australia: 

Queensland 

New    South   Wale5— 

South  Australia      -  - 

Western  Australia  .- 

Tasmania      _. 

Total  Austraha- 
New  Zealand  _      

2,055,000 

1,200,000 

3.139,000 

2,000,000 

2,513,000 
1,345,000 

?,298,000 
&5O,0OO 

1.370,000 
1,000,000 

Total  Australasia 

8,255,000 

5,139,000 

3,858,00) 

3,248,000 

2,370,0?0 

Grand    total 

1,274,897,000 

1,458,263,000 

1,388,734,000 

1,372,431,000 

1,454,009,000 

*Exclusive  of  winter  barley. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 


89 


STATISTICS   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL    CROPS— Continued . 
RYE. 
Rye  crop  of  countries  named,  1908-1912. 


Country 


NORTH  AMERICA. 

United    States    

Canada: 

Quebec    

Ontario 

Manitoba  

Saskatchewan   

Alberta   

Other  

Total  Canada- 
Mexico  

Total  

EUROPE. 

Austria-Hungary: 

Attstria    

Hungary  proper  -  — 
Croatia-Slavonia  _.- 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 

Total  Austria- 
Hungary    -— 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Denmark    

Finland 

France    -  — 

Germany    

Italy 

Netherlands    

Norway 

Roumania  

Russia: 

Russia  proper 

Poland 

Northern  Caucasia- 
Total  Russia 
(European) 

Servia    

Spain  

Sweden    

United  Kingdom 

Total  

ASIA. 

Russia: 

Central  Asia  

Siberia    

Transcaucasia 

Total  Russia 
(Asiatic)  


1S08 


Bushels 


31,851,000 


325,000 

1,030,000 

101,000 

41,000 
200,000 

14,000 


1,711,000 
70,000 


113,3(»,0(X) 

45,185,000 

2,520,000 

298,000 


161,312,000 

22,199,000 

5,604,000 

19,170,000 

11,195,000 

51,703,000 

422,688,000 

5,000,000 

15,866,000 

869,000 

2,610,000 


673, 736,  (XX) 
77,954,000 
6,983,000 


758, 


,000 


974,000 

20,412,000 

26,052,000 

1.776,000 


1.532,143,000 


1,326,000 

22,775,000 

9,000 


1909 


Bushels 


29,520,000 


335,000 

,097,000 
75,000 
38,000 

152,000 
18.000 


1,715,000 
70,000 


31,305.000 


117,279,000 

44,858,000 

2,393,000 

363,000 


164,898,000 

23,154,000 

6,906,000 

18,922,000 

12,085,000 

54,934,000 

446,763,000 

5,032.000 

17,652,000 

1,011,000 

3,090,000 


783,055,000 

86,775,000 

7,335,000 


877,165,000 

1,754,000 
34,901,000 
25,728,000 

1,954,000 


1,695,949,000 


1,498,000 

18,152,000 

18,000 


19,668,000 


1910 


Bushels 


34,897,000 


308,000 

923,000 

92,000 

49,000 

162,000 

10,000 


1,544,000 
70,000 


36,511,000 


112,497,000 

49,686,000 

2,318,000 

394,000 


164,895,000 

22,085,000 

9,045,000 

19,564,000 

11,000,000 

44,064,000 

413,802,000 

5,439,000 

15,357,000 

896,000 

7,885,000 


750,316,000 
83,573,000 
9,811,000 


843,700,000 

1,513,000 
27,596,000 
24,154,000 

1,800,000 


1,612,785,000 


1,011,000 

22,895.000 

22,000 


23,928,000 


1911 


Bushels 


33,119,000 


321,000 
1,766,000 


564,000 
18,000 

2,669,000 

70,000 


),858,000 


105,269,000 

50,353,000 

2,674,000 

379,000 


158,675,000 

23,089.000 

12,000,000 

19,286,000 

10,153.000 

45,894,000 

427,776.000 

5.297.000 

16,110,000 

948,000 

4,989,000 


742,376,000 

1,711,000 
28,897,000 
23,825,000 

1,750,000 


1,522,776,000 


32,953.000 


90 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


STATISTICS   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL    CROPS-Continued. 


RYE- Continued. 


Country 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

Bushels 

AUSTRALASIA. 

Australia: 

Queensland  __    

1,000 
56,000 
22,000 

1,000 
51,000 
33,000 

3,000 
66,000 
27,000 
15,000 
10,000 
18,000 

2,000 
59,000 
30,000 
8,000 
6,000 
24,000 

NcAV  South  Wales 

Victoria 

South   Australia 

Western  Australia  _. 
Tasmania    

5,000 
15,000 

4,000 
18,000 

Total  Australia. - 
New  Zealand 

£9,000 
73,000 

107,000 
94,000 

139,000 
100,000 

129,000 
109,000 

58,000 
90,000 

Total  Australasia 

172,000 

201,000 

239,000 

238,000 

148,000 

Grand  total  

J, 590,057, 000 

1,747,123,000 

1,673,473,000 

1,578,603,000 

1,899,551,000 

Total  production!  of  rye  in  "countries  named"  (the  so-called  "world  crop"),  1S95-1912, 
[As  compiled  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.] 


Tear 

Production 

Year 

Production 

1895   

Bushels 
1,468,212,000 
1,499,250,000 
1,300,645,000 
1,461,171,000 
1,583,179,000 
1,557,634,000 
1,416,022,000 
1,647,845,000 
1,659,961,000 
1,742,112,000 

1905        _.      -     _.            —     -- 

Bushels 

1896    

1,495,751,000 
1,483,395,000 
1,538,778,000 
1,590,057,000 
1,747,123,000 
1.673,473,000 
1,578,603,000 
1,899,551,000 

1897    _ 

1906 

1898    _-    _- 

1907 

1899    -     - 

1908 

1900    . 

1909 

1901    

1910    

1911    .-            .      .. 

1902    

1903    — 

191-^ 

1904    — 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  II 


91 


STATISTICS   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL    CROPS-Continued. 
FLAX, 
Flax  crop  of  countries  named,  1909-1911. 


Country. 

Seed. 

Fiber. 

1909 

1910             1911 

i 

1909 

1910 

1911 

NORTH  AMERICA. 
United    States    

Bushels 
19,513,000 

Bushels     Bushels 
12,718,000  19.370.000 

Pounds 

Pounds 

Pounds 

Canada: 

Quebec  

19,000 
118,000 

Ontaro  — 

! 

Manitoba  

317,000 

1,787,000 

109,000 

290,000 

i       S99.000 

Saskatchewan   

3,448,000i  6,413,'000 
64,000;      418.000 

Alberta    _    

Total   

2,213,000 
150,000 

3,802,000 
150,000 

7,867,000 
150,000 

Mexico  _  --    

_. 

Total  North 

America    __ 

21,876,000 

41,291,000 
522,000 

16,670,000 

28,212,000 
600,000 

27,387,000 

28,424,000 
660,000 

SOUTH  AMERICA. 
Argentina 

Uruguay          _. 

Total   

41,813,000 

852.000 
186,000 
30,000 

4,000 

28,812,000 
663,000 

24,084,000 
697.000 

EUROPE. 

Austria -Hungary: 

Austria             .  _  . 

68,136,000 
20,118,000 
9,000,000 

1,400,000 

50,191,000 
18,492,030 
8,143,0C0 

1,000,000 

46  646,000 

Hungary  proper... 
Croatia-Slavonia  - 
Bosnia- 

Herzegovina  — 

164,000       170,000 
80,000         80,000 

4,000           4,000 

19,000,000 
8,000,000 

1,000,000 

Total  Austria- 
Hungary  _. 

Belgium    

1,072,000 

800,000 
2,000 
436,000 
281,000 
219,000 
205,000 

19,767,000 
948,000 
583,000 

1 
861,000       901,000 

300,000       300.000 

98,654,000 

27,000,000 

200,000 

30,494,000 

7,242,000 
13,488,000 

1,628,000 

1,022,484,000 
42,450,000 
26,130,000 

77,826,000 

28,000,000 

709,000 

38,106,000 

6,883,000 
14,189,000 

4,448,000 

74,646,000 
28,000,00 

Bulgaria                  - 

8,000 
416,000 
232,000 
816,000 
363,000 

16,743,000 
816,000 
590,000 

10,000 
496,000 
341,000 
374,000 
603,000 

800,000 

France  _. _ 

Italy     

45,004,000 
6,078,000 

Netherlands    

20,929,000 

Roumania                -  -- 

4,000,000 

Russia: 

Russia  proper 

Poland    -- 

North    Caucasia 

Total   Russia 
(European) 

Servia    

21,298,000 

18,149,000 

21,000,000 

1,091,064,000 

872,000 

1,449,000 

16,061,000 

1702,477,000 

2,192,000 
1,400,000 
19,882,000 

1,034,000,000 
2,091,000 

Sweden 

21,000 

20,000 

17,000 

1,500,000 

25,179,000 

Total   .. 

23,834,000 

20,665,000 

24,042,000 

1.288.122.000   891.112.000 

1.242. 227.000 

ussia. 

tincludes  Asiatic  R 

92  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTUTIE 

ST.ATISTICS  OF  THE   PRINCIPAL    CROPS— Continued. 
FLAX-  Continued. 


Country. 

Seed. 

Fiber. 

1909 

1910 

1911 

190e 

1910 

1911 

ASIA. 
British    India 

Bushels 
11,552,000 

966,000 
771,000 
107,000 

Bushels 
17,112,000 

429,000 
832,000 

Bushels 
22,544,000 

Pounds 

Pounds 

Pounds 

Russia: 

51,864,000 

38,109,000 
6,429,000 

' 

'' 

Total  Russia 
(Asiatic)   .. 

1,844,000 

1,261,000 

887,000 

96,402,000 

(t) 

49,0OO,0CO 

• 

Total    Asia 

AFRICA. 

Algeria 

13,396,000 
8,000 

18,373,000 
4  000 

23,431,000 
ifi  ono 

96.402,000 

49,000,000 

Grand  total  -. 

100,927,000 

84,524,000 

98,960,000 

1,384,524,000 

891,112,000 

1,291,227,000 

JIncluded  in  European  Russia. 


PART  III 


Crop   and  Other  Statistics  for  the  Year  Ending 

December  31,  1912,  Collected  by 

Township  Assessors 


The  statistics  collected  by  township  assessors  under  the  provi- 
sions of  chapter  86,  acts  of  the  thirty-third  general  assembly,  are 
presented  in  this  chapter.  These  statistics  are  ^thered  by  the 
assessors  direct  from  the  farms  and  turned  in  to  the  county  audi- 
tor who  tabulates  them  and  forw^ards  them  to  the  office  of  the 
secretary  of  the  state  board  of  agriculture.  There  is  naturally 
some  variation  in  these  figures  as  compared  to  those  shown  by  the 
Iowa  Weather  and  Crop  Service,  whose  reports  are  secured  from 
estimates  made  by  the  crop  reporters  over  the  state. 

Table  No.  1.  Gives  the  total  number,  average  size  and  total 
acreage  of  farms,  total  acreage  occupied  by  farm  buildings,  public 
highways  and  feed  lots,  acreage  in  pasture,  garden,  orchard,  crops 
not  otherwise  enumerated  and  land  not  utilized  for  any  purpose. 
It  also  shows  the  total  number  of  bushels  of  apples  harvested,  num- 
ber of  silos  on  farms  and  average  monthly  wages  paid  farm  help, 
summer  and  winter  months  by  counties,  for  the  year  1912. 

Table  No.  2.  This  gives  the  acreage,  yield  per  acre  and  total 
yield  of  corn,  oats,  winter  wheat,  spring  wheat  and  barley  b^/ 
counties  for  the  year  1912. 

Table  No.  3.  This  table  shows  the  acreage,  yield  per  acre  and 
total  yield  of  rye,  tame  hay,  wild  hay,  alfalfa,  potatoes  and  flax 
seed,  by  counties,  for  the  year  1912. 

Table  No.  4.  The  figures  on  live  stock  are  given  in  this  table 
showing  the  number  of  horses  of  all  ages  and  mules  all  ages  on 
the  farms  January  1,  1913,  and  the  number  of  swine  July  1,  1912 ; 
the  number  of  dairy  cows  kept  for  milk,  number  of  other  cattle  not 
kept  for  milk  and  total  number  of  cattle  all  ages  on  farms  Janu- 
ary 1,  1913 ;  the  number  of  sheep  kept  on  the  farms,  the  number 


94 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


shipped  in  for  feeding  and  the  number  sold  for  slaughter;  the 
total  number  of  pounds  of  wool  clipped;  the  total  number  of  all 
varieties  of  poultry  on  farms  July  1,  1912,  and  the  estimated  num- 
ber of  dozen  of  eggs  gathered  for  the  3^ear  1912. 

Table  No.  5.  Gives  the  total  acreage  of  sweet  corn,  the  tons 
gathered  for  canning,  total  acreage  of  pop  corn  and  yield  in 
bushels  and  the  total  acreage  and  yield  in  bushels  of  timothy  seed 
and  clover  seed. 

The  following  is  a  brief  summary  showing  acreage,  production, 
average  yield  per  acre  and  total  value  of  Iowa  farm  products  for 
the  year  1912. 

1912-TABULATED  CROP  SUMMARY— 1912 


Acreage 


Production 


<v 

!M 

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Cj 

S-- 

o 

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Total  Value 


Corn    

Oats    

Winter   wheat    

Spring  wheat  

Barley    

Rye  

Potatoes    

Flax  seed  

Hay    (Tame)    

Hay  (Wild)   

Alfalfa     

Miscellaneous   crops 

Timothy  seed 

Clover  seed  

Pop  corn   

Sweet  corn  

Garden  truck   

Orchards    

Pasturage    

Ensilage  


9,420,434 

4,874,752 

497,938 

389.371 

389,410 

73,315 

120,035 

24,121 

2,635,744 

754,374 

46,644 

104.708 

514,212 

44,287 

19,265 

34,269 

45,793 

134,735 

8,968,644 


Total  value  farm  crops- 

Wool    

Dairy  products  

Poultry  and  eggs 


Total  vaJ.  farm  products 


419,0S7,32C-  bu. 

07,819,162  bu. 

11,460,943  bu. 

5,702,589  bu. 

11,100,558  bu. 

1,322, .382  bu. 

11,277,537  bu. 

238,442  bu. 

3,138,940  T. 

836,785  T. 

105,986  T. 

Estimated 

Estimated 

Estimated 

Estimated 

Estimated 

Estimated 

Estimated 

Estimated 


44.5 

42.6 

23 

14.6 

28.5 

18 


1.2 
1.1 
2.3 


Estimated 
Estimated 
Estimated 


.27 

.78 

.76 

.50 

.61 

.44 

1.31 

9.89 

7.43 

11.00 


16.02 
11.50 
17.94 
11.09 
14.25 
10.98 
41.31 
12.94 
11.86 
8.17 
25.3 


$  150,875, 
56,111, 

8,939, 
4,333, 
5,550, 

806. 
4,962, 

312 
31,044 
6,216 
1,165, 
7,500, 
2,300 

516 

600 
1,137 
1,500 
5,500 
85,000 
4,000 


038.44 

173.74 
535.54 
929.64 
,279.00 
653.02 
116.28 
,359.02 
,116.60 
941.05 
296.00 
OOO.OO 
,000.00 
,736.00 
,000.00 
,500.00 
OOO.OO 
,000.00 
,000.00 
,000.00 


$  378.371,674.33 
1,500,000.00 
53,000,000.00 
30,000,000.00 


$  462,871,674.33 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  III 


95 


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116 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


TABLE  NO.   5 

Acreage  in  sweet  corn,  pop  corn,    and  acreage  and  total  yield  of  timothy  and  clover 
seed,  by  counties,  for  the  year  of  1912. 


Sweet  Corn 

Pop  Corn 

Timothy  Seed 

Clover  Seed 

"gic 

cc 

CO 

w 

o 

Q) 

Counties 

si 

2 

CM 

J3 
X2 

V 

grj 

cc 

03 

V 

X  u 

« 

ei 

<D 

C3 

<U 

63 

o 

o-*- 

o 

o 

(J 

O 

O 

< 

H 

< 

Eh 

< 

H 

< 

H 

Adair     

26 

95 

178 

9 

1 

15 

6 

10 

89 

115 

7 

2 

52 

3 

17 

158 

133 

6 

16 

69 

3,592 

360 

30 

200 

'""135' 

1,523 

4,219 

249 

63 

2,241 

183 

576 

5,317 

3,187 

""333 

2,871 

Adams 

Allamakee 

9 

21 

356 

6,274 

3,400 

18 

1,997 

846 

845 

119 

523 

13 

1,362 

369 

10 

165 

1,329 

18,156 

1,026 

162 

6,915 

2,300 

3,119 

138 

2,277 

So 

3,801 

1,226 

Appanoo'^e 

Audubon 

Black  Hawk    _         _    

Boone    

Bremer    

Buchanan 

Buena  Vista 

Butler 

Carroll    _      

Cass  

Cedar      

Cerro  Gordo 

Cherokee    

Chickasaw 

3 

Clarke  

Clay   

Clayton    _.    .-  

19 

139 

255 

2,346 

13 

237 

-. 

113 

2 

74 

3 

5 

1,212 

3 

21 

9 

68 

34 

57 

99 

304 
6,609 

3,379  1 
74 

"2^644" 

81 

140 

12,670 

60 

670 

102 

1,570 

936 

251 

3,525 

Crawford 

3 

195 

13 

598 
42 
15 

450 

60 

1,523 

14 

270 

1,145 

72 

100 

1,034 

Dallas 

Davis 

Delaware    

Des    Moines 

Dickinson 

Dubuque 

Emmet 

Fayette    

1,035 

33 

922 

896 

1 

3,509 

2gO» 

2,928 

2,554 

3 

Floyd    

FranHin 

Fremont 

Greene 

Grundy     

Guthrie    

116 
14 

21 1 
5 
5 

747 

295 
21 

580 

50 

14 

2,133 

89 
12 
18 

4,234 
477 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Hardin    

Harrison   - 

18 

63 

8 

5,412 

2 

_. 

2 
25 

467 

"2^332" 

262 

182,957 

69 

"""135" 
58 
281 

Henry  

Howard    

Humboldt  

Ida    

23 
10 

"""ise' 

2 

314 

418 

4 

6 

87 

74 

2,816 

'""if  9" 

5 
1,006 
1,276 

6 

Iowa 

Jackson    

Jasper  

Jefferson 

Johnson    _            _ 

Jones   

Keokuk  

fl 

314 
1,680 

Kossuth    — 

9  '          55 

15,511 

5,329 

5,204 

14,533 

3,527 

5,304 

1,517 

837 

471 

2,311 

1,016 

2,0:4 

754 

612 


1 

3,992 
4,561 
1,524 
1,654 
5,350 

25,510 
7,550 
3,108 
1,564 
1,119 
1,101 

22,919 

21,946 
3,479 
1,950 
3,482 
1,235 
1,232 
6,057 
4,048 
1,895 
345 
681 
2,189 

10,175 

672 

1,496 

712 

866 

2,587 

9,215 

1,088 

1,533 

17.996 
1,968 
2,338 
6,120 
3,337 
2,035 
3,751 
2,171 


56,422 

22.509 

17,964 

66,539 

15,174 

28,460 

7,217 

4,490 

1,965 

10,146 

5,650 

8,372 

3,455 

7,062 

13,506 

22,923 

7,129 

9,919 

19,244 

125,580 

35,520 

12,473 

6,936 

4,511 

6,282 

93,061 

109,673 

14,658 

9,214 

13,804 

4,047 

5,397 

20,885 

18,314 

8,159 

2,979 

12,997 

43,666 

3,438 

7,5S0 

6,290 

1,338 

12,193 

35,195 

6,634 

8,300 

85,335 

6,635 

11,590 

33,483 

15,627 

9,285 

16,636 

11,687 


177 

220 

374 

319 

3,625 

7,071 

52 

67 

188 

58 

115 

102 

78 

71 

235 

345 

10 

7 

50 

63 

41 

64 

64 

t8 

134 

114 

299 

419 

435 

364 

33 

84 

47 

64 

1,126 

423 

10 

20 

669 

787 

72 

49 

6,006 

9,521 

83 

236 

161 

202 

321 

319 

65 

580 

577 

547 

'    631 

1,076 

1,726 

1 

8 

2,191 

3,835 

375 

599 

5 

10 

168 

187 

133 

101 

70 

62 

354 

445 

54 

37 

51 

122 

102 

103 

619 

1,073 

26 

32 

91 

64 

96 

77 

229 

346 

2,782 

3,506 

2,828 

3,260 

299 

362 

159 

402 

171 

212 

598 

1,533 

73 

102 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  III 
TABLE.  NO.  5— Continued 


117 


Sweet  Corn 


Counties 


Pop  Corn 

Timot 

m 

0) 

X3 

3 

^ 

o 

O 

o 

< 

H 

•< 

Clover  Seed 


X3 

3 

£i 

ai 

<u 

a 

o 

o 

< 

Eh 

Lee 

Linn   

Louisa  

Lucas    

Lyon    

Madison  

Mahaska 

Marion 

Marshall    

Mills  

Mitchell    

Monona 

Monroe  

Montgomery    .- 

Muscatine   

O'Brien,    

Osceola   

Pnge    

Palo    Alto 

Plymouth    

Pocahontas    -— 

Polk  

Pottawattamie 

Poweshiek  

Ringgold   

Sac 

Scott   

Shelby  

Sioux  

Story  

Tama 

Taylor 

Union    

Van    Buren 

Wapello    

Warren    

Washington   _— 

Wayne _._ 

Webster    

Winnebago   

Winneshiek  

Woodbury  

Worth   

Wright 


Total 


71 
754 
805 

IS 

23 
169 

12 

1 

904 

22 
123 
499 

10 
395 


143 

4> 

85 

4 

902 

914 

461 

10 

836 

64 

172 


257 

8-23 

4 

21 


22 
1,283 

1 

56 
81 

4 

34,269 


177 

2,201 

1,786 

295 

195 

594 

35 

3 

2,688 

25 

544 

11,421 

26 

1,378 

4 

33 


476 

337 

107 

1 

2,207 

2,325 

1,466 

22 

3,128 

188 

50O 


2,543 


570 


2^2 
,458 
1 
395 
337 


106,650 


SO 

143 

7,197 

2 

102 

3,963 

27 

295 

943 

25 

695 

28,477 

7 

228 

471 

8 

191 

9,279 

88 

1,630 

2,979 

4 

100 

3,688 

91 

1,667 

2,841 
536 

8,124 
350 



545 

20,470 

10 

45 

10,262 

3 

110 

1,098 

29 

1,158 

1,428 

159 

4,771 

5,195 

58 

1,625 

5,732 

31 

587 

1,737 

109 

1,504 

1,085 

124 

3,800 

924 

131 

3,451 

1,204 

94 

3,874 

779 

17 

376 

2,290 

11 

520 

8,495 

4 

164 

23,248 

8,408 

328,904 

1,460 

3 

220 

723 

2 

45 

1,670 

4 

101 

5-^2 

2 

65 

920 

2 

43 

4,333 

3 

165 

10,362 

4 

108 

14,915 

6 

72 

11,176 

28 

140 

0,117 

4 

203 

9,S91 

22 

4S3 

2,061 

2 

7 

43,214 

53 

480 

1,001 

17 

26 

1,092 

12,728 

536 

16.828 

1.26' 

3 

109 

1,613 

4 
19,265 

312 

796 

647,537 

514,212 

37,265 

17,898 

4,577 

151,819 

2,204 

48,013 

6,803 

15,905 

14,829 

2,097 

37,904 

1,407 

52,498 

4,937 

5,722 

58,908 

27,004 

6,853 

5,794 

6,121 

7,057 

4,482 

6,444 

39,496 

91,910 

7,793 

3,136 

6,676 

2,500 

4,309 

23,252 

48,248 

78,316 

53,487 

£0,427 

54,95? 

9,206 

158,733 

3,795 

4,691 

50,281 

5,797 

6,618 

3,935 


531 


157 

566 


1,121 

2,418 

1,674 

890 

31 

49 

73 

270 

605 

16 

99 

6 

102 

2 

123 

49 

993 

73 

469 

410 

67 

126 

320 

63 

174 

142 

202 

592 

651 

117 

534 

525 


616 
261 

22 


44,237 


608 
418 
322 
984 


2,038 

4,237 

2,329 

1,071 

34 

93 

149 

482 

497 

9 

182 

5 

226 

6 

152 

48 

855 

70 

782 

584 

183 

248 

292 

351 

81 

347 

185 

1,047 

853 

156 

733 

1,163 

737 

111 


521 

414 

13 


64,115 


118 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


COUNT  AVON,  GRAND  CHXMPION 
International  Live  Stock  Show,  Chicago,  1912 


PART  IV 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

Ninth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Corn  Belt  Meat 
Producers  Association 

HELD  AT 

Savery    Convention    Room,  Savery  Hotel,   Des    Moines,  la., 
February  18,  19,  1913 


TUESDAY,  FEBRUARY  18. 

The  regular  time  set  for  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Corn  Belt 
^iTeat  Prcducers'  Associati:  n  is  the  second  week  in  December  of 
e^.ch  year.  Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  legislature  met  in  Des  Moines 
this  week,  the  directors  thought  it  adv^isable  to  cause  a  postpone- 
ment of  the  annual  meeting  until  February.  Accordingly,  a  formal 
meeting  was  held  on  the  regular  date  and  adjourned  until  February 
18th  and  19th. 

It  was  the  mcst  largely  attended  meeting  in  the  history  of  the 
ass:ciation,  and  the  interest  was  sustained  from  the  beginning  to 
the  end,  each  session  being  well  attended. 

The  meeling  was  called  to  order  by  President  Sykes  at  10  a.  m., 
and  after  prayer  hj  Reverend  J.  F.  Jamieson,  of  the  Elmwood 
United  Preshyterian  Church,  President  Sykes  delivered  his  annual 
addres  ',  fs  follows: 

PRESIDENT'S  ANNUAL  ADDRESS. 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Gentlemen:  We  again  welcome  you  to  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Corn  Belt  Meat  Producers'  Association,  and  invite  you  to 
participate  with  us  in  the  feast  of  good  things  that  your  v/orthy  secre- 
tary will  dish  up  to  us  through  the  splendid  program  he  has  prepared. 


120  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

It  again  becomes  my  humble  duty,  as  president,  to  give  to  the  mem- 
bership an  account  of  our  stewardship  during  the  past  year,  and  of  the 
success  or  failure  of  the  association.  So  I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  report 
that  your  association  has  made  a  healthy  and  substantial  grov»'th  during 
the  year  1912.  On  account  of  there  being  no  big  rate  fights  on,  the  organ- 
ization has  not  been  as  much  in  the  limelight  or  attracted  as  great  atten- 
tion as  in  some  preceding  years,  but  it  has  moved  steadily  forward, 
and  has  secured  some  very  beneficial  results  for  its  members  during 
the  year. 

At  the  time  of  the  last  annual  meeting  there  were  pending  two  very 
important  cases  which  your  association  was  handling  in  the  interest  of 
the  farmers  and  stockmen  of  Iowa.  One  was  the  proposed  advance  in 
rates  of  33  1-3  per  cent  on  stocker  and  feeder  cattle  and  sheep,  which 
was  pending  before  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission;  the  other  the 
advance  in  minimum  weights  on  cars  of  live  stock  shipped  within  the 
state,  pending  before  the  Iowa  Railroad  Commission.  As  you  will  re- 
member, at  that  time  the  public  hearings  before  the  commission  had 
been  concluded,  and  dates  set  for  the  submitting  of  printed  briefs  and 
for  oral  arguments  at  Washington,  D.  C.  Accordingly,  soon  after  the 
annual  meeting.  Judge  Henderson,  Commerce  Counsel  for  the  state, 
and  your  president  and  secretary,  set  about  preparing  the  brief,  to  be 
submitted  by  January  2d.  Then  followed  the  preparation  for  the  argu- 
ments to  be  made  before  the  entire  commission  at  Washington,  on  Feb- 
ruary 10th. 

Your  board  of  directors  had  felt  that  it  was  essential  to  have  some- 
one with  practical  knowledge  of  the  live  stock  business  appear  with  Judge 
Henderson  before  the  commission  and  present  that  side  of  the  case.  Ac- 
cordingly, they  voted  that  your  president  should  act  in  this  capacity. 
So  Judge  Henderson  took  up  the  legal  phases  of  the  question,  and  I 
endeavored  to  present  the  case  from  the  standpoint  of  the  feeder  in  the 
feeding  and  transportation  of  his  stuff,  and  to  show  how  unreasonable 
was  the  demand  that  the  railroads  were  making,  and  how  seriously  such 
a  radical  change  in  rates  would  affect  the  feeding  business  in  Iowa. 

Aside  from  Judge  Henderson  and  myself,  the  Live  Stock  Exchanges 
of  Kansas  City,  Omaha,  Sioux  City  and  South  St.  Paul  were  represented 
before  the  commission,  and  made  arguments  in  favor  of  a  continuance 
of  the  old  rates  and  customs.  On  the  other  hand,  the  railroads  were 
represented  by  their  ablest  counsel,  and  it  made  a  hayseed's  knees  shake 
somewhat  to  be  pitted  against  such  an  array  of  talent.  But  we  got 
through  alive,  and  the  case  was  submitted;  and  on  March  23d  the  com- 
mission handed  down  its  decision,  refusing  to  allow  the  railroads  to  cut 
out  the  75  per  cent  rate  on  stockers  and  feeders.  This  was  a  complete 
victory  for  the  association  and  the  live  stock  exchanges  that  assisted 
in  the  case. 

The  winning  of  this  case  means  a  saving  to  the  farmers  and  feeders 
of  the  state  of  from  $200,000  to  $300,000  annually  in  freight  rates,  and 
demonstrates  the  importance  of  keeping  up  your  association  so  that  you 
may  be  ready  at  any  time  to  jump  in  and  make  a  fight  for  your  rights. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV       121 

The  minimum  live  stock  car  case  had  progressed  about  as  far  as  the 
case  just  referred  to  during  the  fall  of  1911,  and  at  the  time  of  our 
last  meeting  was  waiting  for  the  printed  briefs  and  arguments  to  be 
presented  to  the  commission.  On  account  of  numerous  unavoidable  de- 
lays the  final  arguments  were  not  made  in  the  case  until  May  7th,  and 
the  commission  did  not  render  its  decision  until  September.  It  provides 
that  the  standard  minimum  shall  be  22,000  pounds  on  fat  cattle,  20,000 
on  stocker  and  feeder  cattle,  16,000  on  hogs,  20,000'  on  sheep  in  double- 
deck  cars,  and  10,000  on  sheep  in  single-deck  cars;  these  minimums 
to  apply  regardless  of  the  size  of  the  car  ordered.  It  is  therefore  not 
necessary  to  order  small  cars  for  shipment  within  the  state  in  order  to 
be  protected  on  the  low  minimum. 

This  case  has  had  quite  a  history,  and  the  rule  that  was  promul- 
gated and  kept  in  force,  which  protected  the  farmers  from  overcharges 
on  light  loads  of  stock  by  ordering  small  cars,  was  the  direct  result 
of  the  work  of  the  officers  of  this  association,  who  appeared  year  after 
year  for  six  years  before  the  railroad  commission  and  fought  out  the 
case  with  the  railroad  attorneys.  But  now  we  have  an  order  from  the 
commission  that  does  away  with  this  necessity  and  fixes  the  minimums 
on  the  different  kinds  of  live  stock  as  before  stated,  regardless  of  the 
size  of  the  car  ordered.  This  is  certainly  a  great  saving  to  the  farmers 
who  ship  in  one  or  two  loads  of  feeders  at  a  time,  and  who  ship  out 
light  loads  of  stock  to  our  home  markets;  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  this 
decision  will  save  the  farmers  and  shippers  of  Iowa  from  $50,000  to 
$75,000  per  annum  in  excess  weights. 

Judge  Henderson,  commerce  counsel,  prepared  the  brief  and  made  the 
argument  in  the  last  case,  and  his  work  has  been  highly  satisfactory 
throughout. 

I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  report  to  you  at  this  time  that  the  question 
of  the  rate  on  fat  sheep,  when  loaded  for  interstate  shipment  in  single- 
deck  cars,  when  double-deck  cars  had  been  ordered,  has  at  last  been 
settled,  and  the  rate  on  such  sheep  shall  be  the  double-deck  rate;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  the  shipper  gives  the  railroad  five  days'  notice 
when  ordering  double-deck  cars.  You  should  therefore  order  your  double- 
deck  cars  five  days  in  advance  in  order  to  secure  the  double-deck  rate 
when  single-deck  cars  are  furnished  by  the  railroads.  It  will  be  remem- 
bered that  this  matter  was  taken  up  at  the  annual  meeting,  and  a  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  recommend  the  length  of  time  that  should  be 
given  railroads  to  furnish  double-deck  cars.  This  committee  reported 
that  in  their  judgment  three  days  was  sufficient  time,  and  this  report 
was  at  once  sent  to  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.  But  in  their 
deliberations  they  thought  that  time  too  short,  and  extended  it  to  five 
days. 

During  the  fall  of  1911,  the  railroads  made  application  to  the  Railroad 
Commission  for  an  advance  of  12 1^  per  cent  in  rates  on  all  kinds  of 
live  stock  shipped  within  the  state.  This  case  was  never  pushed,  and 
I  understand  the  railroads  never  requested  a  hearing  on  the  applica- 
tion, and  that  just  recently  they  dismissed  the  case.    This  was  certainly 


122  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

very  courteous  on  their  part,  as  it  no  doubt  relieved  the  association 
of  a  very  bitter  and  prolonged  fight  to  prevent  those  advances.  But 
I  am  inclined  to  the  belief  that  if  the  farmers  had  not  been  organized, 
and  had  there  been  no  Corn  Belt  Meat  Producers'  Association,  thos3 
advances  wouM  not  only  have  been  requested,  but  they  would  have 
been  put  into  effect,  and  the  farmers  would  have  been  paying  them  for 
some. time;  for  I  do  not  believe  the  railroads  were  merely  trying  to  run 
a  bluff  when  they  filed  their  petition  asking  for  the  advance.  This  again 
demonstrates  the  value  of  your  organization. 

Now,  just  a  word  about  the  recent  movement  of  the  Chicago  Live 
Stock  Exchange  to  advance  commission  charges  for  sslling  live  stock. 
Ever  since  the  closing  of  the  offices  of  the  Co-operative  Live  Stock  Com- 
missicn  Company,  we  have  felt  that  it  would  only  be  a  question  of  time 
until  a  demand  would  be  made  for  advanced  commissions;  an:l  the  very 
light  receipts  during  the  past  summer  gave  the  agitatois  and  the  fel- 
lows who  were  just  hanging  by  the  "skin  of  their  teeth,"  an  excuse  to 
make  this  demand.  I  learned  during  the  month  of  July  that  such  a 
movement  was  on  foot,  and  at  once  wrote  the  president  of  the  exchange, 
asking  for  information  concerning  it.  He  replied  that  a  committee  had 
been  appointed  from  the  exchange  to  investigate  the  matter,  hear  com- 
plaints, and  report  later.  The  secretary  being  away  on  h:s  vacation, 
I  at  once  formulated  a  remonstrance,  protesting  in  the  name  of  the 
association  against  any  advance  in  commissions,  and  asking  that  a  com- 
mittee of  stockmen  from  this  association  be  granted  a  hearing  before 
a  vote  was  taken.  This  remonstrance  and  request  were  forwarded  to 
the  committee  from  the  exchange,  and  from  correspondence  that  fol- 
lowed, both  Mr.  Wallace  and  myself  got  the  impression  that  such  a 
meeting  would  be  arranged,  and  that  we  would  be  notified  thereof.  Act- 
ing on  this  belief,  the  committee  to  represent  the  stockmen  were  se- 
lected and  notified  to  be  in  readiness  to  go  to  Chicago  at  any  time, 
to  take  part  in  the  hearing.  Time  passed, ,  but  no  word  came  caling 
us  to  Chicago,  and  we  had  about  concluded  that  the  special  committee 
had  reported  unfavorably  on  the  advance  and  decided  to  drop  the  mat- 
ter, for  the  present,  at  least,  when,  to  our  surprise,  one  day  while  the 
state  fair  was  on,  there  was  delivered  to  the  secretary  and  m^yself  a 
bunch  of  telegrams  from  commission  men  who  were  opposed  to  the  ad- 
vance, stating  that  the  exchange  wouM  vote  on  the  advance  the  next 
morning  at  nine  o'clock.  This  was  indeed  short  notice,  and  we  had  to 
act  quickly.  So  we  hurriedly  gathered  together  at  the  headquarters 
all  the  members  of  the  association  whom  we  could  find,  and  passed  a 
resolution  denouncing  the  move  as  unjust  and  unfair,  because  the  com- 
mittee had  not  consulted  the  wishes  of  the  stockmen  in  the  matter;  and 
the  members  began  to  fire  in  telegrams  to  their  different  commission 
firms,  protesting  against  the  advance.  Some  twenty-five  or  thirty  mes- 
sages were  sent,  and  the  result  was  that  the  advance  was  voted  down 
by  a  large  majority. 

But  the  agitators  and  the  seekers  of  spoils  were  not  to  be  downed 
in  that  way;  so  they  continued  their  quiet  work,  until  one  day,  without 
your  officers  having  any  knowledge  of  what  was  going  on,  a  vote  was 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR   BOOK— PART   IV  123 

taken,  and  the  following  increasss,  as  I  understand  it,  were  made  in 
commissicns.  On  all  straight  carloads  of  live  stock  over  the  following 
minimums,  an  extra  charge  of  5  cents  per  hundred  is  made: 

Cattle    23,000  pounds 

Hogs    17,000  pounds 

Sheep  in  double-deck  cars   22,000  pounds 

Sheep  in  single-deck  cars 12,000  pounds 

Up  to  these  minmium  weights,  the  commissions  remain  the  same  as 
before. 

I  have  gone  into  this  question  quite  thoroughly,  in  order  to  let  the 
members  know  the  situation,  and  that  the  officers  did  all  in  their  power, 
with  the  knowledge  they  had,  to  prevent  any  advance.  Had  the  com- 
mittee from  the  exchange  acted  fairly  and  kept  us  informed,  instead  of 
putting  the  thing  through  on  the  quiet,  as  w^as  done,  we  believe  all  ad- 
vances could  have  been  defeated. 

SHEEP    A>:D    nCGS    IN    DOUBLE-DECK    CARS. 

Demand  has  come  from  some  of  our  members  that  the  railroad 
companies  should  permit  them  to  load  both  hogs  and  sheep  in  the  same 
double-deck  car,  i.  e.,  one  deck  with  hogs  and  the  other  with  sheep.  At 
the  present  time,  if  w^e  load  hogs  and  sheep  in  both  decks,  they  permit 
it  without  extra  charge;  but  if  the  shipper  keeps  them  separate  and  loads 
a  deck  of  each,  he  is  charged  the  single-deck  rate  and  the  single-deck 
m.inimum  is  enforced  on  both  hogs  and  sheep.  This  matter  should  be 
taken  up  by  this  organization  and  corrected,  for  there  is  no  good  reason 
why  a  shipper  should  not  be  allowed  to  load  a  deck  of  hogs  and  a  deck 
of  sheep  in  the  same  car  without  being  penalized.  This  practice  would 
give  the  companies  more  w^eight  to  haul  in  one  car,  and  would  naturally 
inure  to  their  benifit. 

SERVICE    AND    ACCOMMODATION    ON    STOCK    TRAINS, 

Without  doubt,  the  past  year  has  been  one  of  the  worst  in  regard 
to  service  and  accommodations  for  the  stockmen  that  we  have  experi- 
enced for  years,  and  a  flood  of  complaints  and  protests  has  been  filed 
by  our  members  from  all  parts  of  the  state.  Had  these  complaints  been 
confined  to  the  winter  months  of  1912,  when  the  snow  and  cold  were 
so  severe,  we  should  not  have  wondered  at  them;  but  the  facts  are  that 
the  shippers  have  complained  of  the  poor  service  and  accommodations 
during  the  entire  summer  and  fall.  The  shippers'  reports  filed  by  our 
members  show  that  the  service  was  slow  and  the  accommodations  for 
the  stockmen  very  bad  in  many  instances.  Especially  is  this  true  as 
to  overcrowding  of  way-cars  and  their  unsanitary  condition.  It  is  a 
very  common  occurrence  to  crowd  from  twenty  to  thirty  men  into  one 
of  these  way-cars.  This  is  certainly  overcrowding  humanity,  and  it 
seems  to  me  that  from  a  humanitarian  standpoint  the  railroads  should 
furnish  at  least  decent  accommodations  for  the  shippers,  so  that  they 
might  ride  with  as  much  ease  and  comfort  as  the  animals  they  are 
shipping. 


124  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Also,  many  complaints  come  from  shippers  that  their  stock  has 
been  unloaded  at  some  small  town  where  there  is  neither  feed  nor 
water,  and  but  a  few  miles  from  the  Union  Stock  Yards,  because  the 
conductor  claimed  the  thirty-six-hour  limit  had  expired.  I  find  that  stock 
is  often  unloaded  within  twenty-five  to  fifty  miles  of  Chicago,  and  al- 
lowed to  remain  in  those  little  two-by-four  yards  for  from  eight  to 
twelve  hours,  when,  at  the  pleasure  of  the  railroads,  they  are  picked 
up  and  taken  into  the  stock  yards,  arriving  too  late  for  the  market, 
and  of  necessity  must  be  held  over  until  the  next  day.  This  is  certainly 
a  gross  injustice  on  the  part  of  the  railroads,  by  taking  undue  advan- 
tage of  the  thirty-six  hour  law.  The  intention  of  the  law  was  to  give 
the  railroads  ample  time  to  deliver  the  stock  from  the  farthest  point 
in  Iowa  inside  of  the  thirty-six-hour  limit.  We  well  remember  their 
plea  for  an  extension  of  the  twenty-eight-hour  law,  in  order  to  enable 
them  to  reach  the  market  without  the  necessity  of  unloading  the  stock, 
which  they  claimed  they  could  not  do  under  the  law  as  it  was  then 
enforced.  At  that  time  the  stockmen  believed  that  the  railroads  were 
acting  in  good  faith,  and  took  them  at  their  word,  and  consented  to  the 
extension  of  time  to  thirty-six  hours;  but  since  then  we  have  learned 
that  they  were  only  playing  for  more  time  to  get  our  stock  to  market, 
and  that  the  speed  on  stock  trains  has  been  reduced  in  proportion  to 
the  extension  of  time,  and  that  the  percentage  of  live  stock  now  un- 
loaded on  account  of  the  expiration  of  the  time  limit  is  practically  as 
large  as  it  was  under  the  twenty-eight-hour  law.  This  should  not  be 
the  case,  however,  and  it  does  seem  to  me  that  any  Iowa-Chicago  line 
of  railroad  ought  to  be  ashamed  to  confess  that  it  can  not  deliver  a  car 
or  cars  of  live  stock  from  the  farthest  Iowa  point  to  Chicago  inside  of 
thirty-six  hours,  when  they  formerly  did  it  almost  every  day  in  the  week 
inside  of  twenty-eight  hours. 

These  questions  have  been  taken  up  by  your  officers  wath  the  offi- 
cials of  the  different  railway  companies  without  avail,  and  practically 
no  headway  has  been  made  toward  solving  these  vexatious  problems. 
So  I  hope  this  convention  will  thresh  them  out  and  decide  what  is  the 
proper  course  for  this  organization  to  pursue  in  dealing  with  these  very 
important  matters,  which  not  only  affect  the  profits  on  your  live  stock 
and  reduce  your  bank  accounts,  but  have  to  do  with  your  comfort  and 
safety  while  accompanying  your  stock  to  market. 

Then  there  is  the  question  of  a  five-day-per-week  Chicago  market,  in- 
stead of  three,  which  is  being  agitated  again  by  the  commission  men 
of  the  Chicago  Live  Stock  Exchange.  Some  time  ago  a  meeting  was 
held  in  Chicago,  at  which  representatives  of  the  exchange,  the  packers 
and  the  railroads  decided  to  try  to  further  the  plan  for  a  five-day-per- 
week  market,  and  if  possible,  distribute  the  receipts  more  evenly  over 
the  five-day  period.  They  are  now  asking  the  feeders  and  shippers  to 
join  with  them  in  making  this  plan  a  success.  This  is  certainly  a 
commendable  undertaking,  and  one  in  which  our  members  should  most 
heartily  join,  I  have  written  a  number  of  reliable  commission  firms 
concerning  the  success  of  the  market  on  off-days,  and  the  consensus 
of  opinion  coming  from  them  is  that,  quality  considered,  the  stock  sells 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  125 

as  well  on  those  days  as  on  the  regular  market  days.  They  say  the 
railroads  are  also  delivering  the  stock  in  good  time  for  the  market  on 
those  days.  We  all  know  the  evils  and  disadvantages  of  flooding  the 
market  on  Monday  and  Wednesday,  and  if  we  can  co-operate  to  distrib- 
ute this  stock  more  evenly  over  five  days  of  the  week,  and  in  that  way 
prevent  the  heavy  runs  and  bad  breaks  in  the  market,  which  mean  the 
loss  of  thousands  of  dollars  to  the  live  stock  interests,  it  is  certainly 
our  duty  as  well  as  to  our  advantage  to  do  it. 

Now,  there  are  some  things  to  which  I  wish  to  invite  the  attention 
of  the  present  general  assembly: 

PHYSICAL    VALUATION    OF    KAILROADS. 

For  years  there  has  been  some  agitation  along  this  line,  and  some 
of  our  best  economists  and  rate  experts  have  advocated  a  physical  valu- 
ation of  our  railways,  so  that  our  State  Railroad  Commission  could  have 
some  intelligent  way  of  arriving  at  what  is  a  fair  rate  for  both  the 
carriers  and  the  people.  Under  our  present  system  there  is  no  scien- 
tific way  for  the  commission  to  arrive  at  what  is  a  proper  rate  for  the 
railroads  to  charge.  Other  states  have  taken  the  lead  in  this  matter, 
and  have  passed  laws  providing  for  the  physical  valuation  of  their  public 
carriers,  and  they  seem  to  be  making  good  headway  in  regulating  and 
adjusting  their  rates.  Then  why  should  the  great  state  of  Iowa  be  found 
so  far  in  the  rear  in  this  matter?  It  seems  to  me  that  the  present  leg- 
islature could  perform  no  greater  service  to  the  people  of  the  state  than 
to  pass  a  bill  providing  for  such  valuation,  and  I  hope  this  organization 
will  go  on  record  as  favoring  that  legislation. 

Then  there  is  the  question  of  revising  our  present  laws  affecting 
taxation.  There  is  a  movement  on  foot  at  this  time  to  increase  the 
taxes  on  farm  property  and  reduce  them  on  other  classes  of  property, 
the  claim  being  made  that  the  farmers  are  not  paying  their  share  of  the 
taxes.  In  reply  to  this  charge,  I  will  state  that  in  my  judgment  farm 
property  is  paying  a  larger  proportion  of  the  revenues — both  county 
and  state — than  any  other  class  of  property,  for  the  simple  reason  that 
farm  property  can  not  be  covered  up  from  the  assessor,  while  it  is  a 
notorious  fact  that  a  large  percentage  of  practically  all  other  classes 
of  property  is  hidden  away  from  the  assessor  when  he  makes  his  call. 
It  doubtless  is  true  that  our  tax  laws  need  revision,  but  I  wish  to  go 
on  record  as  being  opposed  to  any  measure  that  will  place  a  greater 
burden  of  taxation  upon  the  agricultural  interests,  as  I  verily  believe 
they  are  paying  their  share;  and  I  hope  this  association  will  take  a  de- 
termined stand  against  any  such  measure. 

The  question  that  is  uppermost  in  the  minds  of  most  farmers  today 
is  the  prevention  and  cure  of  hog  cholera  by  means  of  virus  and  serum. 
As  you  well  know,  hog  cholera  has  devastated  thousands  of  herds  during 
the  past  year.  Never  in  our  history  have  we  sustained  such  a  loss.  So 
I  feel  it  is  time  we  were  bestirring  ourselves  to  prevent  a  recurrence 
of  this  fearful  loss  in  the  future,  if  possible;  and  to  this  end  I  believe 
the  present  legislature  should  make  a  liberal  appropriation  for  the  es- 


126  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

tablishment  of  a  well-equipped  plant  for  the  manufacture  of  the  serum 
and  virus  where  a  sufficient  amount  can  be  kept  on  nand  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  the  farmers  of  the  state;  the  manufacture,  sale  and 
distribution  of  the  product  to  be  directly  under  the  supervision  of  the 
state  veterinary  surgeon  and  his  assistants,  which  I  believe  to  be  the 
only  department  that  can  properly  police  and  safeguard  the  handling  of 
this  most  dangerous  product.  I  hope  this  convention  will  speak  out 
freely  and  let  the  legislators  know  what  you  desire  along  this  line. 

Our  splendid  agricultural  college  and  the  extension  department  are 
doing  a  splendid  work  in  teaching  scientific  agriculture;  and  through 
the  farmers'  institutes  and  short  courses  this  knowledge  is  being  brought 
within  the  reach  of  thousands  of  boys  and  girls  w^ho  could  not  otherwise 
secure  it.  This  work  should  be  commended  and  encouraged  not  only 
by  this  convention,  but  by  the  members  of  this  organization  individu- 
ally, and  I  would  suggest  that  a  suitable  resolution  be  passed  by  this 
body. 

It  again  becomes  my  duty,  as  I  view  it,  to  *call  your  attention  to  the 
very  grave  danger  of  live  cattle  and  dressed  meats  being  placed  upon 
the  free  list  at  the  coming  special  session  of  congress.  Year  after  year, 
I  have  warned  you  against  this  danger  to  the  live  stock  industry,  and 
now,  as  the  time  approaches  for  the  calling  of  an  extraordinary  session 
of  congress  to  revise  the  tariff,  because  of  the  demand  of  the  consum- 
ing pub'.ic  for  cheaper  meats,  I  apprehend  that  we  must  bestir  ourselves 
or  our  fears  will  become  a  vivid  reality.  With  land  worth  $150  to  $200 
per  acre  being  used  to  produce  and  fatten  this  live  stock  on,  and  with 
high-priced  feed  and  labor,  it  goes  without  saying  that  low^a  farmers 
can  not  compete  in  the  markets  with  free  cattle  and  free  meats  from 
Mexico  and  the  South  American  republics,  where  land  has  scarcely 
any  value,  and  where  labor  may  be  had  for  a  mere  pittance. 

We  well  know  that  from  time  to  time  representatives  of  great  manu- 
facturing interests  have  appeared  before  the  congressional  committee 
on  ways  and  means,  and  declared  that  if  the  tariff  is  reduced  on  their 
products,  they  would  be  forced  to  reduce  the  w^ages  of  their  employes. 
And  now  the  farmers  and  stockmen,  who  are  paying  the  highest  wages 
of  any  class  of  employers  of  unskilled  labor,  are  threatened  with  the 
competition  of  free  cattle  and  dressed  meats  from  countries  where  labor 
costs  from  one-half  to  three-fourths  less  than  it  does  here,  and  land  is 
worth  only  about  one-hundredth  part  of  what  it  is  in  Iowa.  And  yet  if 
this  condition  is  forced  upon  us,  we  can  neither  reduce  the  cost  of  labor 
nor  the  price  of  land  and  feedstuffs  which  are  necessary  to  produce  the 
cattle  and  the  dressed  meat.  So  on  the  narrow  margin  of  profit  that 
the  cattle  feeders  in  the  corn  belt  now  receive,  I  can  not  see  anything 
but  disaster  and  failure  and  going  out  of  the  business  if  live  cattle  and 
dressed  meats  are  placed  on  the  free  list;  and  I  believe  this  organization 
should  be  aroused  as  to  this  approaching  danger  and  take  the  defensive 
position  that  as  long  as  this  nation  is  committed  to  a  tariff  system, 
either  for  protection  or  for  revenue  only,  the  farmers  and  stockmen  are 
entitled  under  such  system  to  the  same  measure  of  benefits  and  pro- 
tection as  are  accorded  to  the  manufacturer  of  other  products.     Likewise 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL   YEAR   BOOK— PART   IV  127 

we  should  resist  in  every  honorable  way  and  with  all  our  power  'the 
passage  of  any  measure  that  would  place  live  cattle  and  dressed  meats 
on  the  free  list. 

THE    CO^CMERCE     COURT, 

Year  after  year,  since  the  Commerce  Court  was  created,  I  h?ive  been 
calling  attention  to  this  needless  expenditure  of  money  for  the  main- 
tenance of  this  court,  for  no  other  purpose,  apparent'y,  than  to  nullify 
the  work  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  and  thwart  the  will 
of  the  people.  It  seems  to  me  that  the  recent  developments  and  the 
scandal  that  has  been  heralded  over  this  country  through  the  impeach- 
ment and  conviction  of  Judge  Archbold,  a  prominent  member  of  this 
court,  should  be  sufficient  evidence  to  convince  one  and  all  that  the 
Commerce  Court  is  not  maintained  for  the  best  interests  and  the  pro- 
tection of  the  people,  and  should  lead  congress  to  repeal  without  delay 
the  act  creating  this  court.  I  hope  this  organization  will  again  take  a 
decisive  stand  against  this  court  and  demand  its  dissolution  in  words 
of  no  uncertain  sound. 

Death  has  again  entered  the  official  family  of  your  association,  and 
during  the  last  summer  removed  from  our  midst  our  esteemed  brother 
and  fellow-laborer  in  the  good  work,  T.  A.  Thornburg,  of  Linden,  Iowa, 
director  fro^m  the  seventh  district.  Tom  Thornburg,  as  he  was  familiar- 
ly known  by  his  friends,  was  a  very  exceptional  m^an.  Calm,  deliberate, 
self-possessed,  always  taking  time  to  analyze  the  situation  before  act- 
ing, he  became  one  of  the  most  valued  counsellors  of  this  association. 
He  was  also  a  man  of  congenial  character  and  sterling  integrity,  whom 
to  know  w£s  to  love  and  admire.  He  was  one  of  those  men  who  could 
impart  inspiration  to  a  movement  merely  by  his  presence,  though  uncon- 
sciously to  himself.  He  attended  the  first  meeting  of  this  association, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  its  formation.  He  was  at  once  chosen  director 
from  the  seventh  district,  which  place  he  filled  with  credit  and  distinc- 
tion continuovs'y  until  his  death.  He  was  also  during  the  entire  time 
an  honored  m.ember  of  the  executive  committee,  and  one  of  our  most 
trusted  counsellors.  But  he  is  gone,  and  I  feel,  as  I  believe  you  do,  that 
your  association  has  suffered  an  irreparable  loss  in  his  death. 

I  would  recommend  that  this  convention  pass  a  suitable  memorial 
in  recognition  of  his  valued  services  and  sterling  worth,  and  that  it  be 
published  in  the  coming  annual  report  and  a  copy  be  sent  to  the  be- 
reaved wife  and  family. 

Before  closing  this  address,  I  wish,  as  president  of  your  association, 
to  publicly  thank  the  board  of  directors  and  your  worthy  secretary  for 
their  loyal  support  and  splendid  service  during  the  past  year.  Then  I 
wish  to  commend  that  enthusiastic  and  untiring  bunch  of  men  scat- 
tered over  the  state,  always  ready  to  push  the  good  work  along,  and  to 
extend   to   them   our  most  hearty   appreciation   of  their  efforts. 

Neither  am  I  forgetful  of  the  splendid  recognition  that  has  been 
given  the  work  of  your  association  by  both  the  daily  and  weekly  press 
of  our  state. 


128  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

To  one  and  all  I  wish  to  say,  "I  thank  you."  We  shall  appreciate 
your  help  in  the  future,  and  I  hope  and  trust  that  the  Corn  Belt  Meat 
Producers'  Association  may  always  be  conducted  in  such  a  way  as  to 
merit  your  favor  and  support. 

In  conclusion  I  wish  to  make  some  reference  to  the  future  of  your 
organization,  which  I  feel  depends  largely  on  the  interest  each  individ- 
ual, member  takes  in  its  success.  As  I  have  repeatedly  said,  your  officers 
can  not  make  this  organization  a  success  without  the  co-op'eration  of  the 
local  members.  It  is  the  personal  touch  of  each  member  upon  his  neigh- 
bor that  keeps  up  the  interest  and  advances  your  association's  standing 
from  year  to  year.  This  organization  has  proven  that  it  can  secure 
splendid  results  and  be  of  great  value  to  the  farmers  and  feeders,  and 
it  is  up  to  the  members  to  see  that  it  is  maintained  and  properly  con- 
ducted. In  my  judgment,  the  great  danger  to  your  organization  is  in 
the  membership  concluding  that  because  there  is  nothing  of  a  spec- 
tacular nature  being  accomplished,  which  would  tend  to  keep  the  asso- 
ciation in  the  limelight,  there  is  no  further  work  for  it  to  do,  and  hence 
no  necessity  to  continue  its  existence.  To  all  who  might  have  such  a 
thought  in  mind,  I  wish  to  say  that  the  value  of  your  organization  is 
not  measured  by  what  it  accomplishes  on  the  surface.  No  one  can 
tell  what  unjust  measures,  rules  and  practices  might  be  imposed  upon 
the  farmers  and  stockmen  if  it  were  not  for  the  fact  that  your  associa- 
tion stands  as  a  watchdog  over  your  interests,  preventing  many  unjust 
attacks  from  being  made,  as  well  as  defeating  many  that  are  made. 
Now,  what  will  happen  if  you  allow  this  association  to  go  to  pieces? 
Simply  this:  The  questions  of  rate  advances,  poor  service  and  accom- 
modations, bad  legislation,  and  all  kindred  subjects  affecting  you,  will 
come  up  and  be  disposed  of  without  your  being  represented  or  having 
any  voice  whatever  in  the  matter;  and  it  is  to  be  presumed  that  they 
will  not  be  disposed  of  in  such  a  satisfactory  way  as  if  you  had  repre- 
sentatives taking  part  and  looking  after  your  interests. 

As  a  parting  admonition,  let  me  urge  upon  you,  one  and  all,  the 
maintenance  of  your  organization.  It  has  proven  its  worth,  it  has  many 
times  over  justified  its  existence,  and  it  will  continue  so  to  do  in  tho 
future  if  you  will  encourage  and  sustain  it. 

I  thank  you. 

The  following-  paper  was  then  read  by  George  A.  Wells,  Secretary 
of  the  AVestern  Grain  Dealers'  Association: 

THE  APPLICATION  OF  THE   MOISTURE  TEST  IN  GRADING  CORN. 

BY    GEOKGE    A.    WELLS. 

Secretary  of  the  Western  Grain  Dealers'  Association. 

Corn  is  the  most  wonderful  and  resourceful  of  all  grains,  because  it 
contains  so  many  different  constituent  elements  that  apply  to  the  needs 
and  welfare  of  humanity. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV       129 

I  understaiul  that,  including  the  by-products  of  the  manufacturers, 
there  are  upwards  of  200  different  products  of  corn.  Thus,  containing  so 
many  different  elements,  the  general  character  of  corn  is  naturally  com- 
plex, and  sensitive,  and  that,  as  we  know  by  experience,  is  demonstrated 
by  the  manner  in  which  it  responds  to  good  breeding  and  cultivation  in 
the  growing  by  increased  yields  and  improved  quality,  and  as  readily 
succumbs  to  deterioration  and  the  processes  of  decay  if  submitted  to 
improper  treatment  and  care  during  the  curing  process  or  while  in  store. 

Since  the  time  of  its  first  use  by  civilized  people,  corn  has  devel- 
oped into  numerous  types  and  varieties,  and  its  character  has  been 
changed  more  or  less  at  the  hands  of  the  growers  and  professional 
breeders.  In  fact,  it  has  been  found  practical  to  breed  corn  with  the 
idea  of  increasing  the  comparative  quantity  of  a  particular  food  ele- 
ment, such  as  protein,  fat,  starch  and  sugar,  etc.,  and  I  believe  that,  un- 
consciously perhaps,  corn  growers  and  breeders  have  developed  types 
and  varieties  of  corn  that  naturally  and  inherently  contain  an  unreason- 
able proportion  of  water,  that  is  one  of  the  dominating  elements  con- 
tained in  the  grain,  and  Avhich  is  of  no  intrinsic  value,  but  does  great 
harm  in  effecting  a  deteriorating  and  decaying  condition  if  excessive 
in  quantity,  that  rapidly  depreciates  its  value,  oftentimes  disastrously, 
and  results  in  financial  loss  to  the  possessor  of  the  corn,  whether  it  be 
the  farmer,  the  grain  merchant,  or  the  transportation  company. 

It  is  only  a  few  years  since  Secretary  Wilson,  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture,  began  to  investigate  the  moisture  content  of 
corn  and  its  effect  on  the  keeping  qualities  of  the  grain. 

The  investigations  developed  the  fact  that  the  minimum  moisture 
content  of  corn  is  about  12  per  cent,  the  same  as  contained  in  the  air, 
and  that  it  may  run  as  high  as  30  per  cent,  and  even  more. 

Some  fifteen  or  eighteen  years  ago,  I  had  an  experience  in  connec- 
tion with  the  purchase  of  about  a  million  bushels  of  ear  corn  that  was 
bought  during  the  fall  and  stored  in  well-built,  ventilated  cribs,  and  held 
until  the  next  summer,  when  it  was  shipped  to  market.  An  accurate 
record  of  the  weight  of  this  corn  as  purchased  from  the  farmers  was 
kept,  and  also  the  weight  on  which  it  was  sold,  and  the  result  was  an 
actual  loss  or  shrinkage  of  16  per  cent  in  the  weight  of  this  lot  of  corn, 
figured  on  a  shelled  corn  basis. 

It  has  been  demonstrated  that  the  extremely  large  yields  of  corn 
are  apt  to  show  the  lowest  comparative  percentage  of  dry  matter  con- 
tent. In  other  words,  the  extremely  large  yield  seemed  to  show  a  great- 
er increase  of  the  moisture  content  than  of  the  dry  matter  content  com- 
paratively. And  it  would  seem  that  there  is  a  tendency  on  the  part  of 
the  corn  growers  to  obtain  large  yields,  regardless  of  quality,  and  the 
dry  matter  content,  that  in  fact  constitutes  the  entire  intrinsic  value 
of  the  corn,  as  the  water  certainly  has  no  intrinsic  value  either  for  feeding 
purposes   or  manufacturing. 

I  desire  also  to  call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  agricultural 
colleges,  and  the  agriculturists,  of  which  in  these  days  there  are  many, 
have  given  their  attention  almost  entirely  to  the  matter  of  improving 
9 


130  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

the  yield  of  corn,  and  have  absolutely  neglected  the  importance  of  car- 
ing for  the  corn  after  it  is  harvested,  with  the  idea  of  making  it  most 
valuable  commercially,  and  putting  it  in  shape  to  keep  well  in  trans- 
portation and  in  store. 

I  also  wish  to  sound  a  note  of  warning  to  the  corn  growers,  that  too 
much  water  in  corn  is  a,  dangerous  thing.  In  this  particular,  I  refer  to 
the  inherent  moisture  that  is  grown  into  the  corn  or  contained  in  the 
grain  before  it  is  harvested.  The  state  of  South  Carolina  prohibits  the 
sale  of  any  corn  v/ithin  the  state  that  shows  more  than  30  per  cent  of 
acidity,  and  such  corn  may  be  confiscated  under  the  law  of  that  state. 
Mr.  E.  J.  Watson,  commissioner  of  agriculture  of  the  state  of  South 
Carolina,  in  his  address  before  the  Grain  Dealers'  National  Association, 
at  Norfolk,  last  October,  said: 

"There  are  going  to  be  some  startling  developments  connecting  King 
Corn  with  the  disease  of  pellagra." 

He  asserted  that  this  disease  is  a  result  of  the  excess  of  acidity  in 
corn,  and  that  this  excess  of  acidity  is  the  result  of  fungus  growth  that 
develops  in  the  corn.    He  says: 

"The  relation  of  moisture  is  simply  this — moisture  back  in  the  field 
before  the  corn  is  taken  out,  naturally,  essentially  is  the  basic  founda- 
tion  of   the   fungi." 

The  point  that  I  am  trying  to  emphasize  in  this  connection  is  the 
great  necessity  of  giving  more  attention  to  the  growing  and  curing  of 
the  corn  to  avoid  the  disastrous  results  that  I  have  mentioned,  and  also 
to  produce  corn  that  will  be  more  valuable  for  feeding  and  manufac- 
turing purposes. 

As  I  have  already  stated,  corn  when  offered  for  sale  by  the  farmers, 
immediately  after  husking,  usually  contains  from  18  to  30  per  cent  of 
water,  and  it  is  not  until  after  January  1st  that  any  of  it  as  a  rule  be- 
comes cured  out  sufficiently  to  reduce  the  moisture  content  to  16  per 
cent,  which  is,  in  fact,  about  the  minimum  percentage  of  water  content 
of  any  corn  sold  by  the  farmers,  unless  it  may  be  in  the  very  last  days 
of  an  old  crop,  when  the  corn  has  passed  through  the  heat  of  the 
summer. 

The  grain  trade  has  always  suffered  heavy  losses  in  the  handling 
of  corn,  because  of  it  getting  into  a  heating  condition  while  in  transit 
or  in  store,  because  of  an  excessive  moisture  content.  A  few  years  ago, 
heavy  shipments  of  corn  were  made  from  this  state  to  the  southern 
distributing  markets  of  St.  Louis,  Memphis,  Louisville,  most  of  which 
arrived  in  a  heating  condition.  There  were  no  driers  in  those  markets 
that  could  be  used  in  the  handling  of  this  corn,  and  nothing  could  be 
done  except  to  forward  it  to  New  Orleans,  where  hundreds  of  carloads 
were  finally  dumped  into  the  gulf.  The  condition  of  this  corn  became 
so  bad  while  standing  on  the  tracks  at  New  Orleans  that  the  health 
authorities  insisted  upon  disposing  of  it  in  this  manner. 

Since  the  Department  of  Agriculture  began  the  investigation  of  the 
moisture  content  of  corn,  and  subsequently  the  invention  of  the  moisture 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV  131 

test  by  Doctor  Duvel,  who  is  now  the  head  of  the  Bureau  of  Grain 
Standardization,  it  is  consequently  possible  to  determine  accurately  the 
moisture  content  of  corn,  and  to  avoid  possibility  of  heavy  losses  in 
the  handling  and  storing  of  it,  that  will  be  made  very  plain  to  you 
by  the  demonstration  of  Doctor  Duvel's  moisture  test  by  Mr.  Brown,  who 
will  follow  me. 

I  certainly  would  not  criticise  the  farmer  for  selling  as  much  water 
in  his  corn  as  the  purchaser  will  accept,  if  there  is  no  disposition  on 
the  part  of  the  grain  buyer  to  discriminate  in  the  price,  and  it  is 
my  opinion  that  the  grain  buyer  who  does  not  buy  corn  on  the  basis 
of  the  moisture  test,  and  does  not  provide  himself  with  a  tester,  does 
an  injustice  to  the  farmer  who  sells  corn  of  light  moisture  content, 
and  directly  encourages  the  production  and  sale  of  corn  with  heavy 
moisture  content. 

The  Grain  Dealers'  National  Association,  in  promulgating  uniform 
grading  rules,  provides  for  a  consideration  of  moisture  test  in  grading 
corn  as   follows: 

No.  2  corn 16  per  cent  maximum  moisture  content 

No.  3  corn 19  per  cent  maximum  moisture  content 

No.  4  corn 22  per  cent  maximum  moisture  content 

Corn  grading  more  than  22  per  cent  of  moisture  is  considered  as  no 
grade. 

Most  of  the  corn  marketed  at  this  time  is  grading  No.  3  and  No.  4, 
on  account  of  moisture  content,  that  would  otherwise  grade  No.  2  and 
I  would  say  that  about  two-thirds  of  the  corn  being  marketed  at  this' 
time  by  the  farmers  contains  more  than  19  per  cent  of  water,  so  that 
about  one  wagon  load  out  of  every  five  or  six  represents  the  water  that 
is  being  sold  in  the  corn,  and  it  naturally  follows  as  a  result  of  the  ap- 
plication of  the  moisture  test  that  the  market  value  of  corn  is  based 
very  largely  on  the  moisture  content.  As,  for  example,  at  Chicago,  on 
January  2Sth,  the  sales  were  on  the  following  basis: 

17  per  cent  moisture 47%  cents  per  bushel 

18  per  cent  moisture 47%   cents  per  bushel 

19  per  cent  moisture 47i/4   cents  per  bushel 

20  per  cent  moisture 46i4  cents  per  bushel 

21  per  cent  moisture 45i^  cents  per  bushel 

22  per  cent  moisture 44%  .cents  per  bushel 

23  per  cent  moisture 44       cents  per  bushel 

24  per  cent  moisture 43       cents  per  bushel 

25  per  cent  moisture 42       cents  per  bushel 

This  shows  a  difference  of  about  5%  cents  per  bushel  value  as  be- 
tween 17  per  cent  and  25  per  cent  moisture  content  corn. 

The  Table  No.  16,  published  by  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  that  has  been  handed  to  you,  gives  the  relative  worth  of 
grain  on  a  dry-matter  basis,  showing  the  price  per  unit  of  measure 
from  40  cents  to  $1  per  bushel,  and  the  difference  in  value  for  each 
one  per  cent  of  moisture  from  12  to  25  per  cent,  and  you  will  note  that 


132  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

the  Chicago  market  values  that  I  have  given  practically  reflect  the 
differences  applying  to  each  one  per  cent  of  moisture  as  shown  by  this 
table. 

This  close  comparison  between  the  actual  sales  in  Chicago  and  the 
dry-matter  basis  shown  by  the  card  would  not  probably  hold  if  there 
would  be  an  excessive  volume  of  receipts  of  extremely  heavy  moisture 
content  corn,  as  the  supply  of  that  particular  kind  of  corn  would  ex- 
ceed the  demand,  and,  as  frequently  occurs,  the  capacity  of  the  driers 
might  not  be  sufficient  to  take  care  of  it,  consequently  buyers  would 
not  feel  that  they  are  safe  in  buying  the  corn  with  heavy  moisture  con- 
tent and  take  the  risk  of  storing  it  or  forwarding  it  in  transportation 
with   such  heavy  moisture   content. 

I  am  not  informed  technically  as  to  the  feeding  value  of  corn,  but 
I  assume  that  an  excessive  amount  of  moisture  in  corn  does  not  con- 
tribute to  meat  production. 

If  as  a  feeder  you  should  buy  1,000  bushels  of  24  per  cent  moisture 
content  corn,  8  per  cent  of  your  money  would  be  expended  for  excess- 
ive water  content  above  the  normal  moisture  content  of  the  16  per 
cent;  that  is,  considering  that  the  average  moisture  content  of  the  best 
quality  of  corn  v.'ould  be  about  16  per  cent. 

If  the  price  of  corn  is  40  cents  per  bushel,  based  on  the  maximam 
of  16  per  cent  moisture  content,  your  loss  by  excess  moisture  would  be 
$32  on  the  purchase  of  the  1,000  bushels. 

In  other  words,  you  should  pay  $32  less  for  1,000  bushels  of  24  per 
cent  moisture  content  corn  than  for  1,000  bushels  of  16  per  cent  mois- 
ture content  corn,  at  40  cents  per  bushel,  in  order  to  receive  the  same 
feeding  value. 

In  conclusion,  I  want  to  urge  upon  you  as  growers  of  corn  to  give 
the  question  of  the  moisture  content  in  breeding,  growing  and  caring 
for  the  corn  after  it  is  harvested,  your  earnest  attention,  in  order  that 
we  may  not  incur  further  interference  in  the  marketing  of  this  most 
valuable  of  grains  by  drastic  pure  food  regulations  with  which  we  are 
now  threatened. 

Following  Mr.  Well's  address,  Mr.  Brown,  of  Chicago,  made  a 
practical  demonstration  of  the  use  of  moisture-testing  apparatus. 


Afternoon  Session. 

President  Sykes,  presiding. 

Professor  John  A.  Evvard,  of  the  loAva  Agricultural  College,  de- 
livered the  following  address: 

BEEP    MAKING    IN    IOWA. 

By  John  M.  Evvard,  Animal  Husbandry  Section,  Iowa  Experiment  Station. 

How  shall   we   feed   our  cattle  so   as   to   make   the   maximum   profit? 

This  is  the  dominant  issue  in  beef  making  in  Iowa.     The  first  essential 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  133 

is  that  we  shall  prevent  the  waste  of  coarse  fodders,  efficiently  convert- 
ing them  into  salable  beef.  Our  corn  stalks,  fed  as  silage,  should  yield 
a  big  revenue.  We  must  have  legumes  in  our  rotations,  preferably  al- 
falfa or  clover,  although  soy  beans  and  cowpeas  may  do,  so  as  to  keep 
up  the  nitrogenous  fertility.  The  successful  general  farm  practices  in- 
clude a  legume  as  one  of  the  crops.  These  rough  leguminous  hays  grown 
in  our  fields  and  fed  in  our  feed  lots  or  as  pasture  not  only  will  keep 
up  the  nitrogenous  fertility,  but  will  furnish  the  organic  matter  so  vitally 
essential  in  a  productive  soil  The  fertility  residue  resulting  from  cattle 
feeding  must  ever  and  anon  be  one  of  the  profits  derived  from  the  feed- 
ing operation.  The  time  has  not  yet  come  when  we  can  advantageously 
buy  in  commercial  quantities  all  of  the  fertilizing  elements,  such  as 
nitrogen,  phosphorus,  etc.,  needed  in  the  maintenance  and  conservation 
of  our  soils. 

We  are  on  the  border-edge  of  a  new  beef  making  period.  It  is  now 
up  to  us  to  cut  all  the  costs  of  production  to  their  minimum.  This  is 
to  be  done  largely  by  refining  the  operation,  growing  our  own  cattle  of 
the  best  possible  beef  making  breeds,  and  finishing  them  out  as  baby 
beeves.  We  will  grow  alfalfa  and  clover  because  they  are  premier  cattle 
feeds  as  well  as  most  superior  soil  restorers.  We  here  in  Iowa  should 
bear  in  mind  that  our  location  is  ideal  for  beef  production,  that  we  are 
in  the  center  of  a  cheap  food  producing  region,  and  that  on  all  sidesi  of 
us  the  best  parts  of  other  states  touch.  We  have  as  cheap  corn  as  any 
state  in  the  Union,  which  means  cheap  silage.  We  can  also  grow  alfalfa 
and  clover,  and,  because  of  their  relative  cheapness  as  compared  to 
other  states,  market  such  feedstuffs  to  more  advantage  through  the  live 
stock  than  by  selling  them  direct  from  the  farm.  Beef  finishing  and 
growing  tend  to  ultimately  settle  in  those  sections  of  abundant  cheap 
feed.  Meat,  milk,  poultry  and  egg  production,are  centering  in  Iowa  be- 
cause we  can  thus  condense  our  products  for  shipment  and  at  less  pro- 
duction cost  than  our  neighbors.  If  any  middle  west  state  is  going  to 
raise  cattle,  it  is  going  to  be  Iowa,  largely  because  transportation  facili- 
ties, general  location  and  economic  advantages  favor  us. 

What  is  the  value  of  an  acre  of  corn  stalks  if  preserved  in  the  form 
of  silage?  Our  figures,  secured  by  actual  trial,  show  that  when  clover 
hay  is  worth  $10  as  a  cattle  food,  corn  silage  is  practically  worth  two- 
fifths  as  much,  or  $4.  Last  year,  with  silage  costing  $3.20  a  ton,  the  clo- 
ver hay  would  have  had  to  have  been  bought  at  $7.66  to  have  been 
equally  as  efficient.  However,  assuming  silage  to  be  two-fifths  as  valu- 
able as  clover,  which  is  less  than  the  figures  show,  we  find  that  ten  tons 
of  corn  silage  was  worth,  at  the  rate  of  $4  per  ton,  $40.  We  have  the 
following  charges,  however,  against  this  ten  tons: 

Fifty  bushels  of  corn,  at  82  cents  per  bushel $16.00 

When  corn  is  worth  40  cents  at  the  elevator,  as  it  now  is,  the 
field  value  will  be  at  least  8  cents  less,  or  32  cents  per 
bushel.  Eight  cents  covers  husking,  board  of  man,  feed 
of  the  team,  maintenance  of  wagon  and  hauling  to  market. 


134 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


Cost  of  putting  ten  tons  of  silage  into  the  silo,  at  70  cents  per  ton. .     7.00 
This  includes  all  costs  of  machinery  depreciation,   as   well   as 
horse  and  man  lahor. 

Value  of  the  stalks  as  they  stand  in  the  field 1.00 

Storage  in  an  Iowa  silo,  at  23  cents  per  ton 2.30 


Total  charge  against  the  ten  tons  of  silage $26.30 

Deducting  the  charges  against  this  acre  of  silage,  or  ten  tons,  we 
have  left  for  the  corn  stalks  a  value  of  $13.70  an  acre,  and  if  clover 
hay  is  worth  $10  a  ton,  an  acre  of  corn  stalks  from  fifty  bushel  corn 
land  is  easily  worth  this  $13.70.  Does  it  not  pay  to  gather  and  put  into 
the  silo  a  part  of  them? 

To  determine  the  comparative  value  of  silage  and  clover  for  two- 
year-old  cattle,  and  furthermore,  to  discover  the  best  methods  of  feed- 
ing silage,  we  have  carried  on  quite  comprehensive  experiments  at  the 
Iowa  experiment  station  the  past  few  years.  One  trial,  especially  that 
of  1911-1912,  in  which  five  lots  of  ten  steers  each  were  fed,  expresses 
typically  the  general  results  of  our  experience.  That  corn  silage  is  a 
most  acceptable  and  efficient  fattening  steer  feed,  the  following  figures 
rlearly  show: 

CORN    SILAGE   A   PROFITABLE   CATTLE    FEED. 

Two-year-old  steers,  ten  in  a  lot,  November  23,  1911,  to  April  21,  1912 — 
150  days.  Animal  Husbandry  Section,  Iowa  Experiment  Station. 
Shelled  corn  and  cottonseed  meal,  all  lots. 


Full-fed,  40  days. 

90  days. 

> 

O 

'S 

1 

1 

Initial  weight   

Final   weight    

Daily  gain,   average    . . . 

Feed   eaten,   daily  aver- 
age: 

Shelled  corn  

Cottonseed  meal    

Clover  hay    

940 
1,229.7 
2.398 

20.20 
2.28 
9.02 

$12.63 

10.83 

7.69 
17.27 
2.669 

943 
1,299 
2.373 

16.95 
3.08 
3.90 

22.35 

$11.77 

9.62 

7.72 
22.22 
1.617 

919 
1,261.3 

2.281 

15.60 
3.08 

920 
1,246 
2.169 

13.71 
3.08 

922.8 
1,257 
2.228 

14.64 
3.08 

Corn  silage 

Cost   of   a   100    per   cent 
gain,  excluding  hogs 

Net  cost  of  a  100  per  cent 
gain,   deducting   hog 
profits     

27.10 
$10.65 

9.10 

7.61 

22.03  • 

2.482 

30.81 
$10.74 

9.08 

7.60 
22.45 
2.568 

28.62 
$10.72 

8  81 

Actual    selling    i)rice    at 
Ames*     

7  62 

Net  profit  on  each  steer.  . 
Shrink,  per  cent 

23.46 
2.307 

*Initial  home  cost  equals  $4.65.  Chicago  values  are:  Lot  1,  $8.20;  Lot 
2,  $8.15;  Lots  3,  4  and  5,  $8.10.  Hogs,  $6.10  first  ninety  days,  $7.50  last 
sixty  days.  Feed  prices:  Corn,  50,  51,  55,  57  and  65  cents,  by  months; 
cottonseed  meal,  $28;  clover,  $15;  silage,  $3.20.  Roughage  fed  according  to 
appetite,  twice  daily,  except  Lot  5  limited  last  two  months. 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  135 

The  silage  fed  cattle,  without  a  single  exception,  returned  greater  profit 
than  where  clover  was  fed  as  the  lone  roughage.  By  using  silage,  the 
gains  were  cheapened  and  the  profit  per  steer  increased. 

Where  both  clover  and  silage  were  allowed  as  compared  to  ciither  clovtr 
or  silage  alone,  the  steers  being  put  upon  a  full  feed  in  forty  days,  the 
advantagfs  are  slightly  in  favor  of  the  clover-silage  combination.  Inas- 
much as  it  is  fundamentally  important  that  we  grow  legumes  such  as 
clover  or  alfalfa  upon  the  farm,  we  are  glad  indeed,  that  the  figures  show 
that  both  the  clover  and  silage  can  be  used  to  advantage  when  fed  in  com- 
bination. Alfalfa  should  give  slightly  better  results  than  clover,  because 
of  its  higher  protein  content  and  better  average  quality.  In  the  absence 
of  a  legume  hay,  experience  has  taught  us  that  some  oat  straw  may  be 
utilized  to  advantage.  Steers  getting  a  full  feed  of  silage,  however,  will 
consume  very  little  dry  roughage,  be  it  a  legume  or  other  roughage. 

The  co.st  of  silage  as  figured  in  our  1911-1912  test  was  $3.20  a  ton.  We 
are  all  interested  in  silage  costs,  and  how  we  shall  figure  them.  The  above 
summary  of  cost  shows  our  method  of  figuring,  basing  the  silage  value  as 
nearly  as  possible  upon  its  market  worth,  and  using  the  elevator  market 
price  of  corn  as  a  basis. 

These  costs  of  course  allow  the  growler  a  profit  on  his  field  corn  if  the 
market  permits.  Fertility  hauled  from  the  farm  in  the  corn  grain  and 
cobs  (if  these  are  sold)  is  not  credited.  According  to  the  above  compu- 
tation, based  upon  actual  figures,  with  corn  worth  40  cents  at  the  market, 
we  find  that  silage  costs  $2.63  a  ton.  With  every  cent  increase  in  the 
price  of  corn,  the  silage  goes  up  5  cents  a  ton.  With  corn  at  50  cents  a 
bushel,  silage  is  worth  $3.13. 

How  much  silage  shall  we  feed,  and  how  shall  we  distribute  it  during 
the  feeding  period?  Our  experience  clearly  shows  that  steers  getting  silage 
should  be  given  a  very  heavy  feed  from  the  very  beginning  of  the  fatten- 
ing period.  To  induce  the  consumption  of  a  maximum  amount  of  silage 
early  in  the  feeding  game,  the  corn  can  be  somewhat  limited.  We  com- 
pared different  methods  of  feeding  silage,  as  shown  in  the  table  presented, 
one  lot  being  put  on  a  full  feed  of  grain  the  first  forty  days,  the  other  two 
in  ninety  days.  The  first  lot  w^as  allowed  all  the  corn  and  silage  they 
would  eat,  according  to  appetite,  throughout  the  entire  period.  They 
made  a  little  more  rapid  gain  than  the  other  lots,  but  a  smaller  profit, 
namely,  $22.03  per  steer.  Where  silage  was  pushed  heavily  the  first  ninety 
days,  and  both  silage  and  corn  allowed  according  to  appetite  the  last  sixty 
days,  the  profits  w^ere  $22.45.  The  last  lot  put  on  a  full  feed  of  grain  in 
ninety  days,  the  corn  being  heavily  pushed  and  the  silage  limited,  showed  a 
still  greater  profit,  or  $23.46;  this  in  spite  of  the  increased  cost  of  corn, 
which  mounted  from  50  to  51  cents  the  first  two  months  to  57  and  65 
.cents,  respectively,  the  last  two  months.  If  the  corn  had  continued  at  the 
same  average  price  as  during  the  first  three  months  of  the  feeding  period, 
or  52  cents,  the  lots  fed  heavily  on  silage  and  light  on  corn  early  in  the 
period,  and  heavy  on  corn  and  light  on  silage  at  the  finish,  would  have 
clearly  out-classed  the  ordinary  method  of  full  feeding  both  silage  and 
corn  from  the  beginning. 


136  IOWA  DEPARTIVIENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

The  steer  will  eat  too  much  of  the  bulky,  watery  silage  at  the  finish  of 
the  fattening  period.  When  on  hay,  the  steer  naturally  comes  down  from 
twenty  pounds  the  first  month  to  four  pounds  the- last  month,  the  grain 
going  up  accordingly.  In  this  case,  the  grain  tastes  better  than  the  hay. 
With  silage,  however,  the  steer,  instead  of. going  back  on  the  silage  to 
the  extent  of  80  per  cent,  eats  about  fifteen  to  twenty  pounds  at  the  finish, 
as  compared  to  fifty  at  the  beginning,  or  a  decrease  of  only  60  to  70  per 
cent;  he  likes  silage  too  well.  As  the  capacity  becomes  limited,  and  the 
gains  more  concentrated,  thus  requiring  more  dry  matter  per  unit  increase, 
the  object  should  be  to  keep  the  feed  just  a  little  bit  better  than  the  cat- 
tie,  which  merely  means  that  the  grain  should  form  a  steadily  increasing 
proportion  of  the  ration  as  the  animal  puts  on  the  marketable  bloom. 

The  shrinkage  on  silage-fed  cattle  is  not  ordinarily  greater  than  on  dry- 
fed  ones.  Our  shrinkage  trials  clearly  indicate  that  cattle  receiving  both 
silage  and  dry  roughness  during  the  feeding  period  shrink  less  than  those 
on  either  dry  feed  or  silage  alone.  The  clover  cattle  in  the  winter  of 
1911-1912  shrank  more  than  any  of  the  silage  lots,  or  2.669  per  cent,  while 
those  getting  both  clover  and  silage  shrank  the  least,  or  1.617  per  cent. 
The  silage  lots  ranged  from  2.307  to  2.568  per  cent.  In  1910-1911,  the 
average  shrink  for  the  three  silage-fed  lots  was  less  than  the  clover,  while 
the  two  lots  receiving  both  silage  and  clover,  shrank  respectively,  1.504  and 
1.989  per  cent,  as  compared  to  2.548  per  cent  for  clover  and  2.731  per  cent 
for  silage.  In  shipping  silage-fed  steers,  we  make  it  a  point  to  keep  some 
silage  in  the  ration  until  the  steers  are  shipped.  We  maintain  the  former 
taste  of  the  ration  as  nearly  as  possible,  decreasing  the  supplement  some- 
what, however,  and  adding  some  oats  and  dry  hay,  preferably  timothy, 
together  with  oat  straw  if  available.  The  corn  feed  is  decreased  only  suf- 
ficient to  allow  for  the  consumption  of  some  oats,  say  one-fourth  to  one- 
third  of  the  ration.  By  following  these  precautions,  our  silage-fed  cattle 
have  shipped,  filled  and  sold  v\'ell.  In  the  spring  of  1912,  not  a  single  steer 
showed  a  tendency  to  laxativeness  until  the  yards  wxre  reached. 

That  a  good  quality  of  silage,  efficient  for  beef  production,  be  made, 
due  attention  must  be  paid  to  maturity,  palatability,  quality  and  moisture. 
The  best  silage  is  made  at  about  the  fodder  cutting  stage,  when  the  ears 
are  well  dented  and  the  leaves  not  too  dry.  It  is  well  to  let  the  grain  de- 
velop as  much  as  possible  without  losing  too  much  of  the  stalk's  green- 
ness. I  would  rather  cut  corn  too  mature,  and  put  water  on  it,  than  cut  it 
too  green.  Green  corn  makes  dark,  sour  silage,  while  mature  corn  makes 
light,  uniform-colored  silage.  Silage,  to  be  palatable,  must  be  sweet  and 
free  from  mold.  The  peculiar,  pungent,  stimulating  taste  typical  of  good 
silage  is  easily  recognized.  If  the  knives  are  kept  sharp,  the  shucks  will 
be  cut  finely  enough  to  avoid  waste.  Dull  knives  allow  the  whole  shucks 
to  go  through;  these  shucks  are  particularly  prone  to  collect  in  chunks  and 
form  a  starter  for  mold.  By  quality  of  silage,  we  refer  to  the  percentage 
of  grain  as  compared  to  stover,  the  grain  content  should  be  high.  It  seems 
as  though  the  higher  yielding  fields  of  corn  make  the  better  silage,  possibly 
due  to  the  fact  that  such  fodder  furnishes  more  nearly  optimum  moisture 
conditions.    The  moisture  should  not  be  over  70  per  cent,  better  still  if  it 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV 


137 


is  65  per  cent.  An  animal  will  consume  more  dry  matter  in  the  form  of 
silage  if  the  moisture  is  65  per  cent  than  if  it  is  70  to  80  per  cent;  further- 
more, too  much  moisture  is  undesirable  because  it  tends  to  produce  a  sour 
silage.  About  40  per  cent  of  the  emphasis  should  be  placed  upon  maturity, 
30  per  cent  upon  palatability,  20  per  cent  upon  quality,  and  10  per  cent 
upon  moisture. 

The  striking  efficiency  of  silage  for  a  short  feed  is  surprising.  To  show 
you  that  silage  tends  to  put  on  very  rapid  gains  early  in  the  period,  as 
well  as  cheap  ones,  I  place  before  you  some  figures: 


SILAGE  SUPERIOR  FOR  SHORT  FEED. 

Two-year-olds  of  1,000  pounds,  ten  in  lot,  November  22,  1910,  to  April 
21,  1911,  150  days.  Animal  Husbandry  Section,  Iowa  Experiment  Sta- 
tion.   Shelled  corn  and  cottonseed  meal,  both  lots. 

90  Days. 


1 

> 
o 

O 

Daily  gain,  average 

Cost  of  100  pounds*  

2.80 
$7.15 

3.11 

$5.84 

120  Days. 

Daily  gain,  average 

2.66 

$7.84 

2  68 

Cost  of  100  pounds*       

$6.12 

Entire  Period,  150  Days. 

Daily  gain,  average 

2  61      2  45 

Cost  of  100  pounds*   

$7.91    $7.^2 

*Hogs  excluded.  Corn,  36  cents;  cottonseed  meal,  $28;  clover,  $10;  si- 
lage, $2.50. 

For  a  ninety-days  feed,  silage  is  the  best  roughage  available  in  the 
corn  belt.  It  clearly  outclasses  clover,  as  is  shown  by  a  gain  of  3.11 
pounds  over  2.8  pounds.  The  cost  of  a  hundred  pounds  gain  is  also 
much  cheaper,  or  $5.84  as  compared  to  $7.15.  As  the  period  progressed, 
the  clover  seemed  to  gain  an  advantage,  due  largely,  however,  to  the 
method  of  feeding.  We  did  not  know  at  that  time  that  it  was  necessary 
to  limit  the  silage  at  the  end  of  the  fattening  period  to  secure  optimum 
results.  As  a  result,  the  silage  steers  ate  more  of  the  canned  corn  fod- 
der than  was  best.  All  of  the  cattle  feeders  who  passed  through  the  sheds 
at  about  ninety  days  remarked  much  in  this  vein:  "How  much  better 
those  silage-fed  steers  do  look!  They  have  more  finish,  and  certainly 
would  outsell  the  others  25  cents  on  the  hundred."  Actual  experiment 
has  shown,  as  compared  to  clover  in  a  ninety-day  feed,  that  silage  cattle 
rightly  fed  will  sell  from  10  to  75  cents  higher.  The  enhanced  value  of 
the  carcass,  coupled  with  the  more  rapid  and  cheaper  gains,  tells  the 
Story  of  silage  short  feeding  superiority. 


138 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


Corn  silage  is  not  a  complete  food  for  fattening  cattle,  being  espe- 
cially deficient  in  muscle  formers.  We  have  to  supply  this  deficiency  by 
buying  protein  concentrates,  such  as  cottonseed  meal,  cold  pressed  cake, 
linseed  oil  meal  and  others.  Alfalfa  and  clover  help  somewhat,  but  are 
not  sufficient.  To  determine  whether  or  not  clover  furnishes  sufficient 
protein  to  balance  a  ration  of  shelled  corn  and  silage,  we  carried  on  a 
practical  feeding  trial  in  1910-1911.  The  advantage  of  feeding  cotton- 
seed meal  is  depicted  in  the  more  rapid  and  cheaper  gains  and  in  the 
enhanced  value  of  the  carcass. 

SUPPLEMENT   YOUR  CaRN  AXD   SILAGE IT  PAYS. 

Two-year-old    steers    of   1,000    pounds.      1910-1911    results.      Animal   Hus- 
bandry Section,  Iowa  Experiment  Station. 

90  Days  Feed. 


Daily  gain,  average 

Daily  feed,  average — 

Shelled  corn   

Cottonseed  meal 

gilage    

Clover   

Cost  of  100  pounds  gain, 


Increased  selling  price,  due  to  cottonseed  meal,  10  to  25  cents. 

In  this  trial,  corn  was  valued  at  36  cents,  cottonseed  meal  at  $28, 
clover  at  $10,  and  silage  at  $2.50.  Cottonseed  meal  was  added  to  the 
the  shelled  corn-silage-clover  lot  during  the  last  sixty  days  of  a  150-day 
period,  but  in  spite  of  the  comparatively  higher  finish  Induced  by  the 
meal,  these  cattle  when  put  upon  the  market,  sold  for  20  cents  a  hun- 
dred less  than  the  steers  receiving  cottonseed  meal  during  the  entire 
five  months.  These  figures  are  somewhat  striking.  Ordinarily  we  ex- 
pect the  gains  to  be  more  rapid,  and  to  cost  less  where  cottonseed  meal 
is  allowed.  In  addition,  we  get  the  added  profit  by  increasing  the  total 
gains  and  the  finish  upon  the  cattle.  An  enhanced  value  of  25  cents 
a  hundred  pounds  is  equal  to  $3.50  on  a  1,400-pound  steer.  One  readily 
sees  that  he  does  not  have  to  enhance  the  value  of  the  finished  carcass 
much  to  make  quite  a  difference  in  the  results. 

Having  spent  practically  five  years  in  Missouri,  and  three  with  the 
experiment  station.  I  can  not  refrain  from  giving  you  some  of  the  re- 
.cent  results  secured  there  by  Professor  Allison.  Where  $33  oil  meal 
Y/^fy  added   to  40-cent  corn,  $3.50  silage  and  $10  rloyer,  to  two-ye^voKl 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV 


139 


steers,  for  a  period  of  130  days,  the  gains  were  increased  over  the  basal 
ration  from  2.31  to  3.15,  the  cost  decreased  from  $6.97  to  $6.89,  the  sell- 
ing price  increased  from  $6.10  to  .$6.45,  and  the  shrink  decreased  from  5.9 
per  cent  to  5.4  per  cent.  What  more  could  we  ask  of  a  supplement  than 
this;  and  yet  just  2.7  pounds  of  this  oil  meal  was  fed  daily  per  steer  dur- 
ing the  entire  feeding  period.  It  was  further  found  that  $30.25  meal  and 
$25.50  cold  pressed  cake  in  the  next  year,  when  added  to  corn,  clover  and 
silage,  increased  the  gains  from  2.65  to  2.85,  increased  the  selling  price 
25  to  30  cents,  and  profit  per  steer  $3  to  $5.  The  judicious  and  intelligent 
use  of  supplement  along  with  corn  and  corn  silage  should  increase  the 
profits  from  the  silage  feeding  operations.  This  is  true  even  though  clover 
or  alfalfa  are  allowed  in  conjunction  with  a  full  feed  of  silage.  The  fat- 
tening steer  will  not  eat  enough  of  these  leguminous  hays  to  balance  the 
ration  from  a  practical  dollars  and  cents  standpoint 

Which  protein  concentrate  is  cheapest  and  best?  That  depends  on 
the  roughage  you  are  feeding  it  with,  as  well  as  upon  the  age  of  the  cat-' 
tie.  We  have  known  for  a  number  of  years  that  linseed  oil  meal  was 
especially  adapted  to  calf  feeding,  or  the  making  of  baby  beef,  giving  re- 
sults wholly  beyond  our  most  sanguine  expectations.  A  comparison  of 
cottonseed  and  linseed  meal  was  made  by  the  animal  husbandry  section 
in  the  winter  of  1909-1910,  the  calves  being  fed  for  a  period  of  203  days. 
The  basis  of  the  ration  was  corn  and  cob  meal,  in  conjunction  with  some 
coarse  over-ripe  clover  hay.  These  surprising  results  are  given  for  your 
consideration: 

COTTONSEED   VS.   LINSEED   MEAJL. 

Calves  (fourteen  at  385  pounds),  November  19,  1909,  to  June  10,  1910— 
203  days.  Animal  Husbandry  Section,  Iowa  Experiment  Station. 
Corn  and  cob  meal,  supplement,  and  clover  hay.*** 


T3 

(D 

o 

S 

n 

11 
.2  a 

o 

J 

2.185 

2.305 

13.40 

13.70 

1.84 

1.84 

2.05 

2.04 

613 

594 

83 

80 

94 

89 

$5.49* 

$5.29 

6.46** 

8.00 

7.75 

8.00 

3.02 

3.63 

58.5 

60 

Daily  gain,  average 

Daily  feed,  average — 

Corn  and  cob  meal  . . 

Supplement   

Clover  hay 

Feed  for  100  pounds  gain- 
Corn  and  cob  meal . . . 

Supplement    

Clover  hay 

Cost  of  100  pounds  gain. . 


Selling  price  of  "babies" 

Shrinkage,  per  cent 

Dressing,  per  cent 


*Corn  and  cob  meal,  43  cents;  cottonseed  meal,  $30;  linseed,  $30;  hay, 
$10.  **Corn  and  cob  meal,  53  cents;  cottonseed,  $30;  linseed,  $30;  hay,  $12. 
***Clover  somewhat  coarse,  cut  too  ripe.  Cottonseed  meal,  46.85  per  cent 
protein;  oil  meal,  40.45  per  cent. 


140  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

That  the  linseed  oil  meal  calves  should  out-gain  those  getting  cotton- 
seed meal,  require  less  feed  per  hundred  pounds  gain,  and  make  cheaper 
gains  (supplement  costing  the  same),  and  that  they  should  sell  for  a 
higher  price,  and  dress  a  higher  percentage,  but  shrink  more,  is  not  sur- 
prising. However,  we  are  somewhat  dumbfounded  when  we  learn  that 
the  cottonseed  meal,  in  order  to  have  broken  even  with  oil  meal  at  $30  a 
ton,  would  had  to  have  been  bought  at  $13.28,  or,  putting  it  in  another 
way,  that  with  cottonseed  meal  costing  $30,  we  could  afford  to  pay  $46.44 
a  ton  for  the  oil  meal,  and  still  come  out  even.  When  you  decrease  the 
cost  of  gains  20  cents  and  increase  the  selling  price  25  cents  a  hundred, 
it  makes  a  big  difference  in  the  profits.  This  is  precisely  what  oil  meal 
did  as  compared  with  the  cottonseed  meal.  That  the  somewhat  coarse 
clover,  cut  when  over-ripe,  is  indirectly  responsible  for  the  good  showing 
of  the  oil  meal  is  quite  likely. 

In  making  the  computation  concerning  the  worth  of  oil  meal,  we 
counted  the  initial  cost  of  the  calves  at  $7.80,  figured  corn  and  cob  meal 
at  43  cents,  and  the  hay  at  $10.  By  changing  the  value  of  the  corn  and 
cob  meal  to  53  cents,  and  increasing  the  hay  to  $12,  we  find  that  we 
could  afford  to  pay  $46.28  for  the  oil  meal,  as  compared  to  $30  for  the 
cottonseed  meal.  The  differences  in  the  price  of  corn  and  hay  mentioned 
made  little  difference  in  the  relative  efficiency  of  the  oil  meal. 

That  oil  meal  should  run  40.45  per  cent  protein  is  somewhat  unusual, 
this  being  about  five  pounds  higher  on  the  hundred  than  is  usually  guar- 
anteed and  found.  However,  the  cottonseed  meal  also  runs  46.85  per  cent 
protein,  or  from  five  to  six  pounds  higher  than  common.  This  makes  the 
relative  comparison  as  reliable  as  though  the  normal  percentage  were 
found  in  both,  or  35  per  cent  for  the  oil  meal  and  41  per  cent  for  the  cot- 
tonseed meal. 

That  the  roughage  fed  should  affect  the  efficiency  of  oil  meal,  I  have 
alluded  to.  In  figuring  over  some  of  the  recent  Nebraska  experiments,  I 
find  that  where  cold  pressed  cake  is  costing  $25,  the  same  being  fed  in 
conjunction  v/ith  corn  and  corn  silage,  that  one  could  not  afford  to  pay 
more  than  $27.66  for  linseed  meal  in  order  to  come  out  even.  This  is  on 
calves.  A  later  trial  run  on  the  same  cattle,  the  roughage  being  changed 
from  silage  to  prairie  hay,  showed  that  when  cold  pressed  cake  cost  $25 
that  linseed  meal  is  worth  every  cent  of  $37.66.  Here  is  an  emphatic 
difference  in  the  efficiency  of  the  supplement  caused  indirectly  by  the 
roughage. 

That  linseed  was  especially  efficient  when  fed  with  timothy  hay,  I  have 
often  noticed.  Cottonseed  meal  fed  with  timothy  tends  to  aggravate  tne 
constipating  tendency  of  the  ration,  while  the  laxativeness  of  the  linseed 
has  the  opposite  effect.  Where  linseed  is  fed  with  corn  silage,  the  laxa- 
tive principle  is  not  especially  needed,  hence  we  find  that  the  relative 
efficiency  of  linseed  in  this  case  is  not  marked. 

As  the  cattle  become  older,  linseed  becomes  relatively  less  efficient  as 
compared  to  cottonseed.  Professor  Allison,  of  Missouri,  in  1911,  fed  some 
long  two-year-olds,  comparing  cottonseed  and  oil  meal.  Counting  the  two 
supplements  at  the  same  price,  the  relative  profits  of  the  cottonseed  per 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV 


141 


steer  were  twice  as  large  as  the  oil  meal.  The  gains  were  also  more 
rapid  with  the  cottonseed,  or  2.87,  as  compared  to  2.6.  Silage  was  used 
as  a  roughness  in  this  experiment. 

The  relative  efficiency  of  oil  meal  and  cottonseed  meal,  therefore,  is 
not  easy  to  express  in  figures.  However,  when  silage  is  being  used,  oil 
meal  is  probably  worth  for  calves  about  $35  a  ton,  when  cottonseed  costs 
$30;  for  yearlings  $32  or  $33,  while  with  two-year-olds  or  older  it  is  a 
toss-up.  Now  when  prairie  or  timothy  hay,  corn  fodder,  corn  stover,  mil- 
let, or  other  neutral  or  constipating  roughage  is  used,  oil  meal  for  calves, 
with  cottonseed  rneal  at  $30,  should  be  worth  337  to  $39;  with  yearlings, 
$34  to  $35,  and  with  two-year-olds  or  older  $31  to  $32. 

How  about  cottonseed  meal  versus  cold  pressed  cake?  We  compared 
these  two  supplements  with  the  following  results: 

COTTONSEED   MEAL  VS.   COLD  PRESSED  CAKE. 

Yearlings  (seven  at  700  pounds),  December  18,  1908,  to  June  4,  1909—168 
days.  Animal  Husbandry  Section,  Iowa  Experiment  Station.  Corn 
and  cob  meal,  supplement,  and  mixed  hay. 


^ 

c3 

^-^ 

a  2 

^ 

•72    *" 

CO 

03    ^ 

OJ 

CO    ri 

;-i 

^2 

3  c3 

O 

o 

Daily  gain,  average   

Daily  feed,  average — 

Corn  and  cob  meal .  . . 

Supplement    

Mixed  hay  

Feed  for  100  pounds  gain- 
Corn  and  cob  meal  .  . 

Supplement    

Mixed  hay   

Cost  of  100  pounds  gain  .  . 


Selling  price  of  cattle 


14.43 
4.35 
5.29 


*Corn  and  cob  meal,  43  cents;  cottonseed  meal,  $30;  cold  pressed  cake, 
$25;  hay,  $10.  **Corn  and  cob  meal,  53  cents;  cottonseed  meal,  $30;  cold 
pressed  cake,  $25;  hay,  $12.  Cottonseed  meal,  42.867  protein;  cold  cake, 
28.09  per  cent. 

With  the  yearlings,  mixed  hay  being  used,  the  two  supplements  gave 
practically  equal  gains,  equal  costs,  and  equal  selling  prices.  The  cold 
pressed  cake,  however,  was  figured  at  $25  and  the  cottonseed  meal  at 
$30.  .It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  staple  average  price  difference  be- 
tween these  two  feeds  as  determined  directly  by  supply  and  demand  (or 
indirectly  by  the  common  sense  of  the  feeder),  is  approximately  $5. 

At  the  Missouri  station.  Professor  Allison  compared  cold  pressed  cake 
and  cottonseed  meal.     He  fed  them,  however,  in  equal  quantities,  which 


142  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

is  somewhat  objectionable  from  a  practical  standpoint.  The  results  prob- 
ably would  have  been  different  had  he  based  his  allowance  on  equal  money 
values  or  on  equal  protein  content.  As  it  was,  however,  he  found  that  the 
gains  of  the  cattle  were  practically  the  same,  but  the  cold  pressed  cattle 
sold  for  5  cents  higher.  The  profits  were  practically  the  same  with  $30 
meal  and  $16  cake.  One  serious  disadvantage  of  the  cake,  as  shown  by 
the  figures,  is  that  it  seemed  to  inhibit  silage  consumption  to  the  extent 
of  four  or  five  pounds  per  head  daily,  which,  on  the  two-year-old  steer 
is  quite  an  item  in  the  production  of  cheap  gains. 

The  preparation  of  the -corn  fed  is  likewise  dependent  somewhat  upon 
the  roughage.  With  dry  hays,  it  has  been  our  custom  to  recommend  that 
broken  ear  corn  be  fed  up  until  the  time  that  the  steer  begins  shelling  the 
corn  himself,  when  a  portion  of  the  corn,  as  gauged  by  the  steer's  appetite, 
should  be  given  shelled.  It  seems  that  it  does  not  pay  to  grind  unless  one 
has  no  hogs  to  follow.  Toward  the  end  of  the  feeding  period,  the  addition 
of  the  cob  to  the  ration  is  preferably  undesirable,  and  it  may  be  that  our 
observations  showing  the  superiority  of  shelled  corn  at  this  time  may  be 
interpreted  on  the  cob  theory,  namely,  that  it  should  not  occupy  im- 
portant space  in  the  paunch  during  the  finishing  process,  when  grain 
would  do  so  much  better. 

Corn  and  cob  meal  has  never  appealed  to  me  very  strongly  unless  it 
were  in  the  "getting-on-feed  process."  Experiments  run  by  the  Illinois 
station  showed  that  the  broken  ear  corn,  when  fed  in  conjunction  with 
dry  clover,  was  superior  to  corn  and  cob  meal.  Professor  Coffey,  of  the 
same  station,  working  with  lambs,  has  also  shown  that  the  ear  corn  was 
much  more  efficient  than  the  corn  and  cob  meal. 

Our  experience  with  lambs  this  winter  has  shown  clearly  that  where 
alfalfa  is  used,  the  grain  and  alfalfa  being  kept  the  same  in  all  the  lots, 
that  the  broken  ear  corn  is  the  most  efficient,  shelled  corn  second,  and 
ground  corn  clearly  the  least  desirable  method  of  preparation.  On  the 
same  amount  of  corn  and  alfalfa,  the  broken  ear  corn  lambs  lead,  shelled 
second,  and  ground  last,  in  actual  gains  made.  On  silage,  ground  corn 
and  broken  ear  are  practically  tied  in  the  amount  of  gains,  with  shelled 
corn  last. 

That  shelled  corn  is  more  desirable  for  cattle  receiving  silage  is 
somewhat  indicated  by  the  Illinois  station  results  of  last  year.  However, 
the  results  are  not  conclusive.  We  have  found  at  this  station  that  shelled 
corn  is  very  efficient,  and  our  judgment  is  that  it  is  better  than  the  broken 
ear  when  fed  in  conjunction  with  silage.  We  do  not  believe  it  pays  to 
grind  because  of  the  added  expense  incurred. 

The  age  at  which  we  should  market  our  cattle  is  dependent,  of  course, 
upon  whether  we  grow  them  or  buy  them.  If  we  grow  our  own  beef 
from  well-bred  dams  and  sires  of  the  typical  beef  breeds — Angus,  Short- 
horn, Hereford  and  Galloway — we  can  not  afford  to  keep  the  calves  through 
the  yearling  and  two-year-old  stage.  We  must  get  rid  of  them  as  quickly 
as  possible,  marketing  them  as  baby  beef  at  the  handy  weights  of  1,100 
to  1,200  pounds,  and  while  they  are  still  yearlings. 

That  the  "pushing  from  birth"  and  "early  marketing"  pays  is  clearly 
shown  by  some  practical  farm  figures  presented. 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV 


143 


IMAKE    BABY    BEEF    OR    WELI^BRED,    HOME-GROWN    CATTLE. 

Actual  Farm  Figures*,  computed  by  Animal  Husbandry  Section,  Iowa 
Experiment  Station.  Herefords  of  identical  breeding;  calves  and 
yearlings  fed,  beginning  January  1st. 


i 

1 

H 

CQ 

20 

23 

336 

259 

475 

775 

1140 

1144 

1.979 

1.425 

12.72 

13.63 

1.94 

2.07 

.39 

.27 

.56 

1.43 

2.21 

2.25 

3.27 

2.00 

2.27 

$10.79 

$15.65 

6.00 

5.70 

10.55** 

10.48** 

20.03 

14.04 

Number  of  cattle 

Number  of  days 

Initial  weight 

Final  weight 

Daily  gain,  average   

Daily  feed,  average — 

Shelled  corn 

Cotton  or  linseed  meal   

Bran    

Oats   

Corn  stover 

Corn  silage   

Alfalfa  hay ■. . 

Pasture  ***  

Cost  of  feed  for  100  pounds  gain. . . . 
Initial  cost  per  100  pounds  (home)  .  . 
Selling  price  per  100  pounds  (home) 
Net  profit  per  head   


♦Walnut  Ridge  Stock  Farm,  Monona  County,  Iowa.  **Baby  beeves, 
fifteen  at  $11.10,  five  at  $10.15,  Chicago;  two-year-olds,  eight  at  $10,  fif- 
teen at  $11.40,  Sioux  City.  ***Baby  beeves  on  pasture  May  27th  to  Octo- 
ber 16th  (142  days);  two-year-olds  on  pasture  May  21st  to  August  19th 
(90  days). 

Feed  Costs — Corn,  65  cents;  cottonseed  meal,  $30.50;  oil  meal,  $38; 
bran,  $28;  oats,  26  cents;  hay,  $10;  stover,  $3;  silage,  $4;  pasture,  60 
cents  a  month  for  babies,  70  cents  for  yearlings.  Chicago  market  about 
5  to  15  cents  higher  on  Decem.ber  2d  than  on  September  16th. 

When  we  consider  that  the  actual  value  of  the  calves  at  the  start  was 
$6,  and  of  the  yearlings  $5.70  a  hundred,  we  can  readily  see  that  there  was 
not  much  profit  in  carrying  calves  over  the  second  year.  Furthermore, 
when  it  came  to  finishing  out  these  cattle,  the  babies  made  the  most 
rapid  and  economical  gains,  and  furthermore  sold  on  practically  an 
identical  market  for  the  same  money  as  the  tw^o-year-olds..  The  net  profits 
of  the  operation  showed  $6  a  head  in  favor  of  the  babies,  or  $20.03  as 
compared  to  $14.04.  These  figures  are  quite  accurate,  and  show  the 
futility  of  keeping  well-bred  home-grown  cattle  until  they  are  two-year- 
olds  before  they  are  fattened  on  the  average  tillable  corn  belt  farm. 

Silage  deserves  the  emphasis  in  this  address.  It  is  altogether  fitting 
and  proper  in  closing  to  quote  some  of  the  many  advantages  of  conserving 
part  of  the  corn  crop  as  silage.    They  may  be  enumerated  as  follows: 


144  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

A  sure  crop  of  roughage. 

Large  yield  per  acre  at  a  comparatively  small  cost  per  ton. 

Increases  the  stock  carrying  capacity  of  the  farm. 

The  nutrients  of  corn  conserved  in  efficient  form. 

No  waste  in  feeding,  and  but  little  in  keeping.  The  spoiled  layer  of 
silage  on  top  can  be  thrown  to  the  hogs,  and  they  wall  gather  the  corn 
from  it.  Better  still,  husk  out  the  fodder  and  run  stover  only  on  top 
of  the  silo,  thus  you  will  waste  no  corn  grain;   stover  is  cheap. 

Succulent,  furnishing  pasture  conditions  in  the  winter  time. 

Palatable,  relished  by  all  domestic  animals. 

Convenient  to  feed.  No  long  hauls  on  wet  land;  no  muddied  and 
puddled  fields;  no  snow  up  the  coat  sleeves,  as  in  the  fodder  way. 

Conserves  fertility,  indirectly,  by  removing  the  temptation  of  selling 
corn  from  the  farm. 

May  supplement  drouth-stricken  pastures. 

Stores  and  keeps  well,  much  better  than  clover  hay,  which  inclines 
to  become  dusty. 

Economically  stored. 

Help  to  destroy  w^eeds. 

Puts  finish  and  bloom  on  stock  such  as  few  other  feeds  do. 

Silage-fed  cattle  ship  well  if  handled  ri^tly. 

May  save  immature  corn. 

Jerome  Smitii,  Corning :  Dees  all  this  profit  come  about  by  the 
uee  of  the  Iowa  silo,  and  does  that  mean  one  built  in  Iowa? 

Professor  Evvard :  We  refer  to  the  Iowa  silo  because  it  really  is 
a  farm  silo — the  hollovN'  block  silo,  made  out  of  the  clay  products  of 
the  soil.  This  silo  has  been  pushed  by  the  engineering  department 
at  Ames,  and  has  been  found  very  successful.  Although  we  have 
been  bulieted  around  by  the  wooden  silo  and  other  silo  men,  the 
Iowa  s"lo  is  good;  it  will  keep  silage  as  well  as  any  other  silo,  and 
it  is  as  cheap.  I  am  not  sure  that  you  can  store  silage  for  23  cents 
a  ton  in  all  the  other  silos,  and  I  know  you  can  in  the  Iowa  silo. 

A  Member:  My  brother  has  a  hollow  block  silo,  and  the  silage 
has  spoiled  for  eight  inches  all  the  way  around.  What  is  the 
trouble  ? 

Professor  Evvard:  The  silage  probably  was  not  tamped  well 
around  the  edges.  It  is  important  in  putting  up  silage  to  keep  a 
man  going  around  at  the  A^ery  edge  and  keep  it  tamped  down  solid- 
ly. It  may  be  that  that  could  be  remedied  somewhat  by  putting  a 
thin  coat  of  cement  on  the  inside  of  the  silo.  I  would  advise  you  to 
v/rite  to  Professor  Davidson,  of  the  engineering  department. 

A  Member :  There  were  two  men  Avorking  in  this  silo  continually, 
and  on  the  second  filling  they  ran  the  hose  up  into  the  silo  and  wet 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL- YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  145 

it  down  thoroughly  and  tramped  it  down;  and  nevertheless  that 
second  filling"  never  paid  for  putting  it  in,  and  eight  inches  spoiled 
all  the  way  around. 

Professor  Evvard :  If  the  men  tramped  around  right  at  the 
edge,  there  must  be  some  other  factors  working.  There  are  many 
men  here  who  have  used  hollow  block  silos ;  perhaps  they  could  give 
you  some  information. 

James  E,  Downing:  I  would  like  to  ask  what  is  the  experience 
as  regards  the  fill  at  the  market  of  silage-fed  cattle  as  compared 
^vith  straight  corn-fed? 

Professor  Evvard:  Some  record  the  experience  that  silage-fed 
cattle  drink  more  when  they  get  to  market.  Some  of  ours  did  and 
some  did  not.  I  know  that  they  shrink  very  little  going  to  market. 
Some  of  them  went  clear  to  Chicago  without  a  bit  of  laxativeness. 

The  President :  The  next  subject  on  the  program  is  "Some  Prof- 
itable Yfays  to  Produce  Beef,"  by  Mr.  Rex  Beresford,  beef  cattle 
expert  of  the  Beef  Producers'  Association. 

PROFITABLE  BEEP  PRODUCTION. 

Mr.  Beresford:  Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen — I  see  that  on  the  program 
for  tomorrow  you  have  Mr.  McCroskey,  president  of  the  Kansas  City  Live 
Stock  Exchange,  and  he  is  going  to  talk  to  you  about  the  prospective  feed- 
er cattle  supply.  Under  these  circumstances,  I  hesitate  a  good  deal  about 
trying  to  say  anything  about  the  prospective  feeder  cattle  supply  for  the 
Iowa  cattle  feeder,  although  personally  I  have  some  pretty  strong  convic- 
tions on  that  subject.  In  fact,  when  I  started  out  laboring  under  this  high- 
sounding,  euphonious  title  that  Mr.  Sykes  announced  a  while  ago,  "beef 
cattle  expert  for  the  Iowa  Beef  Producers'  Association,"  the  first  thing 
that  happened  to  me  every  time  I  stepped  on  the  cattle  feeder's  farm  was 
to  have  these  questions  fired  at  me:  "Where  are  we  going  to  get  our 
feeders?"  or  "How  much  are  we  going  to  have  to  pay  for  feeders  this  next 
fall,"  or  "How  are  we  going  to  get  cheaper  feeders?"  or  some  other 
phase  of  this  feeder  cattle  problem.  They  were  fired  at  me  so  often 
that  I  thought  I  had  better  try  to  get  wise,  if  possible,  as  to  the  feeder 
cattle  prospects  for  Iowa  and  for  the  United  States.  So  I  got  busy  and 
got  together  all  thie  statistics  as  to  the  beef  cattle  supply  in  the  various 
feeder  cattle  producing  states  that  I  could  get  hold  of.  Of  course,  I  took 
Uncle  Sam's  figures  in  general;  then  the  census  figures;  then  I  wrote 
to  the  secretaries  of  the  various  boards  of  agriculture  in  the  states  that 
have  been  producing  beef  cattle;  and  I  tried  to  digest  all  these  figures 
and  com.e  to  some  conclusion.  The  more  figures  I  got  together,  the  more 
discouraging  the  outlook  seemed;  because  when  we  began  to  look  back  on 
the  situation,  say  about  twelve  years  ago,  we  had,  according  to  the  census 
figures  in  1900,  a  little  better  than  50,000,000  head  of  beef  cattle  in  the 
United  States,  a  pretty  good  percentage  of  which  was  breeding  stock.  In 
10 


146  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

1912  we  had  about  37,000,000  head,  or  a  little  better.  Secretary  Wilson's 
latest  announcement  is  about  36,200,000  head,  and  personally  I  believe 
that  he  is  just  a  little  bit  high  in  his  estimate.  But  from  the  figures  that 
I  could  gather  from  the  secretaries  of  the  boards  of  agriculture,  the 
cattlemen,  the  secretaries  of  the  beef  producers'  associations,  and  all 
the  organizations  that  I  could  reach  during  this  last  year,  I  have  come 
to  the  conclusion  that  there  are  just  about  forty  per  cent  of  the  breeding 
beef  cattle  in  the  west,  the  northwest  and  the  southwest,  that  there  were 
eight,  ten  and  twelve  years  ago.  I  don't  claim  that  these  figures  are  ab- 
solutely right  or  authentic,  but  from  the  figures  I  can  get  together  from 
these  sources,  that  is  just  about  the  situation.  The  fact  that  so  much 
land  has  been  placed  under  irrigation,  so  much  dry  farming  propaganda 
distributed,  and  so  much  of  the  range  country  cut  up  into  small  farms 
and  homesteaded,  has  spoiled  the  cattle  range.  Also,  the  sheepman  has 
come  in,  and  that  has  helped  spoil  the  feeder  supply  out  there,  because 
where  the  sheep  graze  the  cow  has  pretty  slim  picking. 

All  these  facts  together  set  me  to  thinking  that  perhaps  we  were  not 
going  to  be  able  to  get  enough  feeders.  Those  of  you  who  have  tried  to 
buy  feeders  any  time  within  the  last  year  have  had  that  brought  home 
pretty  plainly,  because  you  have  not  been  able  to  get  the  feeders  you 
wanted  at  prices  you  would  like  to  pay.  Sometimes  they  make  a  man's 
hat  rise  straight  up,  if  he  has  any  hair  underneath  it,  when  they  price 
these  feeders  that  you  would  like  to  take  home.  So  I  tried  to  see  if  in 
the  state  of  Iowa  there  was  any  way  of  getting  around  this  feeder  cattle 
proposition;  whether  we  could  raise  beef  cattle  here;  whether  anybody 
had  done  it;  whether  there  was  any  prospect  of  profit  in  it.  As  soon  as 
I  began  to  ask  men  about  this,  the  average  man  in  the  cattle  feeding 
business  would  tell  me  right  away:  "You  can't  keep  a  cow  on  $150  or 
$200  Iowa  land  for  her  calf  and  make  any  money  at  it;  you  have  got  to 
milk  the  cow  if  you  keep  her  in  Iowa."  But  I  hated  to  take  that  sort  of 
an  answer  all  the  way  around,  and  so  I  began  to  hunt  around  for  men  who 
had  been  doing  something  of  that  sort,  and  I  visited,  all  told,  during  this 
last  year,  ninety-seven  men  who  have  been  keeping  cows  and  growing 
what  we  call  baby  beef  here  in  Iowa, 

You  have  seen  from  the  chart  that  Professor  Evvard  showed  you  a 
short  time  ago  that  there  is  some  saving  in  the  baby  beef  proposition 
over  the  two-year-olds  when  you  have  the  cattle  all  grown  here.  The 
yearling  feeds  out  better.  Of  the  ninety-seven  men  that  I  found  who  had 
been  growing  baby  beef  in  Iowa,  I  could  get  figures  from  just  twenty- 
four.  The  rest  could  not  tell  me  that  they  made  some  money;  a  couple 
said  they  hadn't  made  any.  Only  two  were  visited  who  had  lost  money 
during  a  period  of  from  three  to  twelve  years,  and  even  those  two  thought 
they  had  made  a  little  this  last  year.  But  from  the  twenty-four  men 
referred  to  I  got  pretty  fairly  accurate  figures  on  the  total  cost  of  pro- 
ducing those  calves.  During  the  last  year  these  men  had  produced  816 
calves.  They  had  brought  them  along  as  calves  following  the  cows  to 
pasture,  had  fed  them  from  weaning  time  on.  and  sold  them  some  time  be- 
tween the  last  of  April  and  the  first  of  September.  They  averaged  about 
832  pound?  per  head,  apd  they  sold  at  an  average  price  of  $8.60  a  bun- 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  147 

dred.  That  meant  that  they  brought  $69  a  head.  We  figured  up  the 
amount  of  feed  that  it  had  taken  to  produce  those  calves,  and  instead 
of  taking  each  man's  farm  prices,  we  standardized  the  price,  putting  an 
average  of  60  cents  a  bushel  on  corn,  corn  silage  as  high  as  $4  a  ton; 
clover  hay  as  high  as  $15  a  ton;  and  we  charged  the  old  cow  and  her 
calf  $1.50  a  month  for  pasture  during  the  pasture  season.  For  these  816 
calves  it  cost,  counting  the  cost  of  keeping  not  only  the  cow  that  pro- 
duced the  calf,  but  the  extra  cows  necessary  to  produce  just  about  an 
average  of  85  per  cent  of  calves,  the  cost  of  service,  of  feeding  the  calf 
up  to  the  time  of  sale,  and  everything  else,  it  cost  about  $62  a  head  under 
1911  and  1912  conditions,  growing  them  up  to  832  pounds  in  weight. 
That  means  that  there  was  $7  a  head  profit  on  those  calves. 

That  looked  to  me  like  a  pretty  fair  solution — for  some  men  at  least — 
of  this  feeder  cattle  proposition.  That  is  not  handed  out  as  a  cure-all 
for  everybody,  or  with  the  thought  that  all  the  cattle  feeders  ought  not 
to  buy  feeders  any  more,  but  go  into  the  production  of  baby  beef;  but  it 
shows  that  some  men  are  producing  beef  on  Iowa  land  that  ranges  as 
high  as  $225  an  acre  down  to  as  low  as  $95,  and  some  of  it  even  as  low 
as  $85  or  $90  an  acre,  sweeping  from  the  northwestern  part  of  the  state 
clear  down  to  the  southeastern.  These  figures  came  from  close  to  eighty 
counties,  so  that  they  are  fairly  representative  of  the  state  of  Iowa. 

The  man  who  made  the  most  money  on  his  calves  was  the  one  who  had 
the  best  grade  of  breeding  stock  to  start  with.  It  does  not  take  long  to 
see  that  you  can't  make  baby  beef  out  of  dairy  stock  or  a  very  poor 
grade  of  scrub  stock.  Your  cow  must  be  a  pretty  fair  grade  of  breeding 
cow,  with  some  beef  blood  in  her.  She  does  not  need  to  be  what  you  call 
a  high-class  beef  cow,  but  she  must  have  some  beef  type.  The  strongest 
emphasis  needs  to  be  laid  on  the  character  of  the  sire  of  these  calves  from 
which  we  are  going  to  try  to  make  baby  beef.  You  can't  make  baby 
beef  out  of  the  calves  that  come  from  what  is  commonly  known  as  a  glue 
bull — one  that  dresses  out  into  more  hoofs,  horns  and  bones  than  he  does 
beef;  the  calves  don't  begin  to  mature  early  enough;  they  won't  fatten 
out,  and  there  is  no  use  in  monkeying  with  them.  The  sort  of  sire  the 
man  had  who  made  the  best  success  out  of  the  baby  beef  proposition 
was  a  bull  of  low-set,  close-to-the-ground  type,  wide  and  thick-fleshed, 
heavy  in  the  hind  quarters,  thick,  heavy  and  smooth  in  the  loin,  and 
wide  in  the  ribs  and  back.  I  have  seen  a  good  many  of  the  sires  that 
have  been  getting  baby  beef  calves  during  the  last  year,  and  the  men  who 
are  making  the  best  at  this  business  don't  always  buy  a  bull  with  just 
the  proper  turn  of  horn  for  a  prize  winner  in  that  particular  breed,  or  the 
proper  markings,  or  anything  of  that  kind;  but  they  go  out  after  the  sire 
that  is  strong  where  you  want  your  calf  to  be  strong.  You  can't  get  the 
baby  beef  calf  from  any  other  source  except  a  sire  that  would  have  made 
a  good  baby  beef  himself. 

Another  thing  is  the  care  of  the  pastures.  The  men  who  made  the 
best  success  out  of  the  baby  beef  business  took  the  best  care  of  their 
blue  grass  pastures,  who  had  the  most  stock  on  the  fewest  acres  of  pas- 
ture, who  got  the  most  food  off  every  acre;  and  most  of  these  men  who 
were  doing  good  work  in  that  line  were  hauling  some  manure  on  these 


148  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

pastures.  They  were  men  who  cut  the  ragweed  before  it  went  to  seed, 
and  some  of  them  had  paid  a  little  attention  to  disking  the  seed-bound 
places  and  putting  in  a  little  grass  seed  on  the  places  where  it  had  been 
killed  out. 

Another  thing  was  the  silo.  Professor  Evvard  has  talked  silage  to  you 
a  good  while,  and  I  would  like  to  talk  it  some  more,  because  the  silo  is 
one  of  the  indispensable  things  when  you  are  trying  to  make  baby  beef. 
When  you  can  feed  the  old  cow  through  the  winter  on  from  35  to  40 
pounds  of  silage  and  6  or  7  pounds  of  hay,  and  have  her  come  out  in 
better  shape  in  the  spring  than  she  went  in  in  the  fall,  you  can  afford 
to  keep  her  for  the  calf  she  will  raise.  If  you  try  to  feed  her  out  on 
$15  clover  hay,  supplemented  with  high-priced  corn,  you  can't  afford  to 
keep  her  for  the  calf  she  will  raise.  But  when  you  make  use  of  these 
cheaper  feeds  in  the  winter-time,  you  can  do  it  at  present  prices,  or  even 
at  a  little  bit  lower  prices  than  we  have  right  now. 

In  addition  to  the  points  mentioned,  the  making  use  of  rough  feed  in 
other  ways  than  through  the  silo,  and  the  furnishing  of  proper  shelter 
comes  in.  Good  care  of  the  cattle  themselves  helps  out  a  whole  lot  in 
lowering  this  cost  of  beef  production.  A  man  who  goes  into  the  baby 
beef  business  with  the  expectation  of  not  paying  any  attention  to  the 
calves  is  likely  to  have  a  pretty  low  per  cent  of  live  calves  to  his  credit 
when  he  gets  his  calves  finally  out  on  pasture  and  sucking  the  cow  for  the 
summer.  If  he  is  going  to  make  a  success  of  the  business,  he  must 
know  something  about  the  cattle  business,  and  follow  that  pretty  closely 
while  he  is  in  it.  He  can't  be  in  a  good  many  other  jobs  at  the  same  time 
and  depend  altogether  on  the  hired  man.  The  boys  will  do  better  than 
the  hired  man,  usually,  especially  if  they  own  a  share  in  those  calves. 

There  is  another  way  of  producing  beef  here  in  Iowa  that  brings  even 
a  little  more  profit  than  the  straight  baby  beef  proposition.  This  is  a  con- 
vention of  the  meat  producers  of  the  state,  and  it  is  not  safe,  I  sup- 
pose, to  say  much  about  dairying!  I  reckon,  too,  it  is  not  safe  to  talk 
about  that  dual  purpose  cow;  in  fact,  I  have  never  said  anything  about 
that  dual  purpose  cow  before  any  audience  but  what  I  have  been  stepped 
on  before  I  got  outside  the  door!  But  it  is  a  good  deal  this  way  about 
the  dual  purpose  cow  for  the  Iowa  farm.  As  one  of  the  boys  up  at  Ames 
put  it  one  time  when  I  was  debating  the  question  of  whether  or  not  there 
was  a  dual  purpose  cow:  "The  theory  of  the  dual  purpose  cow  has  been 
dead  for  twenty  years  or  more;  but  as  a  living  fact,  the  old  cow  is  on 
hundreds  of  Iowa  farms  today."'  And  she  is.  I  did  not  know  there  were 
so  many  of  them  until  I  began  to  hunt  around  for  this  beef-producing 
proposition  in  Iowa.  I  have  struck  a  great  many  farmers  who  are  keep- 
ing the  old  red  cow  that  milks  pretty  well  and  is  still  able  to  produce 
a  calf  that  will  feed  out  into  a  decent  sort  of  steer;  and  I  have  met  a  good 
many  who  are  making  money  on  just  that  proposition.  They  made  it  this 
last  year,  and  are  expecting  to  do  it  again  this  year,  and  for  a  good  many 
years  to  come.  And  while  I  don't  want  to  pose  as  a  prophet  (you  know 
what  the  Bible  says  about  the  old  prophets  being  dead  and  the  young 
prophets  fools),  I  will  be  fooled  just  the  same  unless  there  is  a  good 
deal  more  beef  production  in  that  way  carried  on  in  Iowa  for  a  good 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV       149 

many  years  to  come.  They  are  doing  it  in  England;  they  are  still  mak- 
ing beef  and  milk  together  from  some  of  those  old  Short-horn  cows.  In 
Iowa  it  seems  to  go  by  localities.  I  found  towns  where  I  would  hear  of 
half  a  dozen  men  hauling  cream  to  the  station  or  selling  milk  to  the 
creamery,  and  yet  feeding  some  steers.  If  you  run  out  into  that  neigh- 
borhood you  will  usually  find  that  it  is  four  or  five  farmers  together  who 
are  milking  the  old  cow  and  growing  the  calf — sometimes  on  skim-milk, 
sometimes  two  calves  to  the  cow,  sometimes  they  were  mixing  things  up 
in  such  shape  that  it  would  take  a  Philadelphia  lawyer  to  decide  just 
how  they  were  doing  the  thing.  They  grow  them  on  the  skim-milk  and 
the  feed  that  they  get  during  the  first  year,  and  then  they  begin  to  feed 
them  and  get  them  on  the  market  at  the  age  of  two  years  or  twenty-six 
months.  The  cost  of  making  the  finished  beef  out  of  that  calf  is  to  be 
taxed  against  the  calf,  but  the  old  cow  has  paid  the  calf's  board  up  to 
the  end  of  the  first  year.  It  takes  a  man  who  is  a  skillful  feeder  to 
handle  calves  in  that  way  and  make  them  come  out  well.  You  can't 
make  a  very  good  steer  out  of  a  skim-milk  calf — that  is,  our  average  idea 
of  one;  but  calves  can  be  grown  on  skim-milk  with  the  proper  supple- 
mental feed  of  oil  meal  and  oats  and  oil  meal  and  alfalfa  hay  and 
silage,  and  come  out  right  good  calves. 

Those  are  the  two  main  methods  of  profitable  beef  production  that  I 
have  found  here  in  Iowa.  There  have  been  some  mixtures  of  the  two. 
Some  men  have  tried  to  combine  a  little  bit  and  milk  the  cow  until  she 
begins  to  slack  up;  then  turn  the  calf  in  and  let  it  have  the  milk  the 
rest  of  the  summer.  The  good  part  of  the  whole  thing  is  that  these 
men  are  making  money  at  it. 

I  have  been  accused  by  some  men  who  have  heard  me  talk  about  beef 
production  in  this  way  of  advising  everybody  in  the  state  of  Iowa  who  is 
not  in  the  dairy  business,  or  who  couldn't  get  plenty  of  feeders  right 
away  at  a  cheap  price,  to  go  to  producing  beef  in,  one  of  these  ways,  but 
I  don't  want  to  be  taken  as  advising  anything  of  that  kind,  because  to 
produce  baby  beef  profitably  a  man  has  to  know  how  to  grow  calves.  He 
has  to  pay  some  attention  to  his  business,  just  the  same  as  the  man  who 
is  producing  any  other  sort  of  live  stock  profitably;  just  the  same  as  the 
man  who  is  feeding  steers  profitably  has  to  go  at  it  with  some  intelli- 
gence, and  a  whole  lot  more  brains  than  the  average  man  shows  who 
doesn't  keep  any  sort  of  live  stock;  because  if  he  showed  the  very  highest 
grade  of  intelligence,  he  would  be  likely  to  keep  some  live  stock  on  his 
farm  to  keep  up  its  fertility.  Not  every  farmer  is  fitted  for  that  sort  of 
business,  or  has  his  labor  or  market  conditions  so  that  he  can  handle 
every  sort  of  beef  production;  but  there  are  a  good  many  men  in  Iowa 
who  are  selling  corn  this  year  for  from  33  to  40  cents  a  bushel  who  will 
come  to  the  point  where  they  will  keep  some  cattle  on  those  farms,  when 
they  can't  get  feeders,  because  they  are  beginning  to  find  that  this  fer- 
tility proposition  is  worth  looking  into.  We  had  Professor  F.  G.  King, 
of  the  Indiana  experiment  station,  on  our  beef  cattle  special  last  Decem- 
ber, and  he  startled  some  of  us  when  he  told  us  that  Indiana's  fertilizer 
bill  for  the  last  year  amounted  to  a  little  more  than  the  total  receipts 
from  the  sales  of  their  surplus  live  stock  from  that  state.     The  Illinois 


150  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

fertilizer  bill  has  doubled  three  times  in  the  last  six  years,  and  they  are 
already  beginning  to  ship  some  commercial  fertilizers  into  Iowa  to  help 
ont  the  fields  on  the  farms  of  the  men  who  have  not  been  keeping  live 
stock.  A  lot  of  these  fellows  are  going  to  producing  beef  rather  than  go 
into  the  dairy  business,  to  get  manure  to  put  on  these  fields  that  are 
growing  thin  and  running  out. 

I  don't  believe  that  under  the  circumstances  there  is  likely  to  be  any 
over-production  of  beef  here  very  soon,  so  that  we  w'ill  knock  the  bot- 
tom out  of  the  market,  considering  the  fact  that  there  are  so  few  beef 
cattle  in  the  western  states — and  in  any  other  part  of  the  United  States, 
for  that  matter.    We  are  short  on  beef  cattle  all  the  way  around. 

I  am  sure  my  time  is  up,  and  I  want  to  thank  you  for  the  hearing  that 
has  been  given  me. 

The  President :  Doctor  J.  I.  Gibson,  state  veterinarian,  is  going 
to  give  IS  a  lecture  on  the  prevention  of  hog  cholera,  and  how  to 
handle  it  in  Iowa. 

PREVENTION  AND  CONTROL  OP  HOG  CHOLERA. 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Corn  Beit  Meat  Producers'  Associa- 
tion: Mr.  Wallace,  your  secretary,  is  to  blame  for  getting  me  in  this 
position.  At  this  time  of  year  we  are  so  busy  that  we  haven't  much  time 
to  give  to  extras,  and  I  have  not  been  able  to  reduce  a  paper  to  writing. 
I  wdll  try  to  give  you  a  little  talk  along  the  line  of  control  of  hog  cholera 
and  other  diseases,  which  may  be  of  some  benefit. 

In  order  to  successfully  combat  any  contagious  or  transmissible  disease, 
you  must  have  a  system.  You  must  know  the  nature  of  the  virus  or  germ 
of  that  disease,  and  by  what  means  it  is  transmitted  from  one  animal  to 
another.  Now,  we  must  first  admit  that  we  don't  know  what  the  germ 
of  hog  cholera  is;  nobody  has  found  it  yet.  We  further  realize  that  it  is 
one  of  the  most  minute  germs,  in  that  there  is  no  filter  paper  fine  enough 
to  prevent  its  passage  in  fluid  through  the  paper.  Apparently,  no  micro- 
scope is  able  to  reveal  the  germ.  It  is  called  the  filterable  germ;  that  is 
all  we  know  about  it;  and  that  name  was  given  it  because  we  found  out 
that  the  finest  filter  paper  will  not  stop  the  flow  of  the  hog  cholera  germ. 
You  know  what  a  filter  is  in  the  drug  store:  a  funnel-shape  with  a  paper 
similar  to  blotting  paper — some  fine  and  some  coarse. 

Now,  there  is  no  use  of  my  spending  any  time  telling  you  about  hog 
cholera;  you  all  know  what  it  looks  like,  to  your  sorrow.  You  have  all 
read  in  the  papers  that  last  fall  Professor  Kennedy  made  a  systematic 
inquiry,  covering  the  entire  state,  as  to  the  existence  of  hog  cholera  and 
the  number  of  hogs  that  died  in  the  various  counties.  He  got  reports 
the  latter  part  of  November  from  eighty-five  counties  that  had  had 
cholera  in  them.  He  also  asked  some  of  the  best  men  in  those  counties  to 
gather  the  best  information  possible  as  to  the  loss  and  let  him  have  it. 
We  all  pay  some  attention  to  our  crop  reports  and  our  weather  reports 
and  statistics  of  that  kind,  and  he  undertook  to  gather  this  knowledge  as 
carefully  as  such  statistics  are  gathered.  A  great  number  of  counties 
reported  400,000  loss,  a  number  300,000,  and  so  on  down  the  line.     Then 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  151 

he  made  his  figures,  based  upon  an  ordinary  crop  of  hogs  in  the  state,  and 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  we  were  losing  at  least  a  million  dollars' 
worth,  not  less  than  $12  per  head 

While  I  was  speaking  about  the  filterable  germ,  I  should  have  said 
that  we  base  our  theory  that  it  is  a  germ  disease  upon  the  fact  that  it  is 
transmissible  by  inoculation  from  one  hog  to  another.  We  have  some  of 
the  most  deadly  epidemics  imaginable  that  are  absolutely  harmless  so 
far  as  any  other  animal  is  concerned,  unless  they  get  in  touch  with  the 
same  cause.  For  instance,  the  horse  plague  which  affected  the  southwest 
country  last  fall  could  not  be  transmitted  from  one  horse  to  another  by 
blood  serum  or  serum  from  the  cranial  cavity.  Cholera  is  easily  trans- 
missible, and  surely  transmissible  in  every  case,  unless  you  undertake  to 
transmit  to  either  a  natural  or  acquired  immune. 

Now,  we  believe  hog  cholera  may  be  prevented,  and  some  things  have 
been  done  toward  laying  the  foundation  for  its  control.  There  is  an  as- 
sociation called  the  United  States  Association  of  Live  Stock  Sanitary 
Boards,  which  meets  every  year  in  Chicago,  about  the  time  of  the  Inter- 
national show.  The  membership  is  made  up  of  state  veterinarians,  mem- 
bers of  live  stock  sanitary  boards,  and  men  in  control  of  diseases  in  the 
various  states,  and  some  of  those  engaged  in  laboratory  work.  Last  De- 
cember they  adopted  a  set  of  resolutions  that  I  will  give  you  the  gist  of, 
so  you  will  know  what  they  are  aiming  at.  One  is  that  all  stock  cars 
at  the  end  of  a  shipment  of  live  stock  be  cleaned  and  disinfected.  You 
have  all  seen  the  stock  cars  go  up  and  down  the  roads  all  the  season, 
with  from  one  to  two  feet  of  manure  in  them,  reeking  with  cholera  and 
tuberculosis,  and  nobody  knows  how  many  other  germs.  Manure  is  one 
of  the  best  mediums  for  the  virus  of  these  diseases  to  live  in.  At  every 
crossroads  that  stuff  is  being  rooted  and  kicked  out  of  the  cars  all  over 
this  country.  One  ruling  that  the  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Association  made 
relative  to  that  was  that  these  cars  should  not  be  disinfected  simply  by 
steam  and  whitewash,  but  be  cleaned  and  disinfected.  Wouldn't  you 
gentlemen  rather  have  a  car  come  to  you  to  load  your  cattle  or  hogs  in, 
that  was  clean  and  properly  sanded,  than  to  have  it  reeking  with  filthy 
manure  that  had  been  there  all  season?  You  know  what  it  is  to  ride  by 
a  trainload  of  empties  in  the  summer-time,  coming  back  for  your  stock; 
you  often  have  to  put  the  windows  down,  especially  if  you  stop  at  a  sta- 
tion alongside  of  those  cars. 

Another  means  of  spreading  of  disease  is  the  shipping  of  breeding  hogs 
from  state  to  state.  The  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Association  passed  a  resolu- 
tion favoring  the  treatment  of  all  hogs  shipped  from  one  state  to  another, 
except  for  immediate  slaughter,  but  they  didn't  specify  which  treatment. 
You  have  heard  that  there  are  two  lines  of  treatment  to  be  followed,  but, 
contemplating  probably  that  it  would  be  the  serum  only  treatment,  they 
specify  that  it  should  be  given  not  more  than  thirty  days  prior  to  ship- 
ment. I  happened  to  be  on  that  committee,  and  after  I  thought  the  mat- 
ter over,  I  concluded  that  we  should  have  specified  in  that  resolution 
that  if  it  was  serum  only  treatment,  not  more  than  thirty  days  prior  to 
shipment;  and  if  the  serum  simultaneous  treatment,  not  less  than  thirty, 
or  probably  not  less  than  sixty  days;  because  the  simultaneously  treated 
Jiog  may  carry  cholera. 


152  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

I  presume  a  number  of  you  gentlemen  here  have  attended  the  state 
fair  year  after  year,  and  probably,  being  ambitious  to  have  a  good  crop 
of  hogs  the  following  year,  have  bought  a  good  boar.  You  got  him  home; 
pretty  soon  he  showed  up  sick,  and  died  shortly;  the  hogs  at  home  be- 
gan to  get  sick,  and  they  died.  The  fact  was,  you  got  a  case  of  cholera 
from  the  state  fair  or  the  Sioux  City  fair  or  some  other  fair.  That  was  a 
sort  of  package  on  the  side  in  addition  to  what  you  paid  for  a  nice  boar. 
You  know  you  always  pay  a  good  price  when  you  buy  one  at  the  fair; 
you  can  buy  them  cheaper  at  the  farm.  Years  ago  we  instituted  an  in- 
spection of  hogs  at  the  state  fair.  We  were  the  first  state  to  start  it. 
Some  thought  it  was  sanitation  on  paper  or  just  for  the  looks  of  it,  or 
the  sound  of  it;  they  thought  we  would  not  know  whether  there  were 
any  sick  hogs  at  the  fair  or  not.  But  we  soon  found  out  that  every  ex- 
hibitor at  the  fair  was  a  detective  so  far  as  his  neighbors  in  the  other 
pens  were  concerned,  and  not  a  hog  could  miss  a  meal  or  cough  sixteen 
times  in  succession  but  what  I  knew  it  inside  of  an  hour.  We  have  oc- 
casionally had  cholera  at  the  fair  and  been  able  to  keep  it  from  spread- 
ing. Last  year  thirty-two  hogs  were  shipped  by  one  man  to  the  Iowa 
state  fair,  and  after  they  were  there  two  or  three  days  we  saw  the  first 
symptoms  of  cholera.  Two  sows  farrowed,  with  fifteen  little  fellows.  We 
had  Doctor  Knowles  sent  here  by  special  request  to  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  to  administer  serum  to  all  the  hogs  at  the  fair,  if  the  ex- 
hibitors wished  it.  We  gave  this  man's  hogs  the  serum  treatment  down 
to  the  little  fellows  two  days  old,  sent  him  home  immediately,  and  used 
disinfectants  very  freely.  We  afterwards  heard  from  him  that  Doctor 
Knowles  picked  out  three  hogs  and  said  they  would  die  sure,  and  there 
were  three  or  four  others  that  he  would  not  promise  to  live;  and,  sure 
enough,  he  lost  seven  out  of  the  thirty-two  hogs  at  the  fair.  He  took 
occasion  to  say  that  not  one  of  the  little  fellows  born  there  died,  and 
that  they  and  their  mothers  were  doing  well. 

So  the  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Association  passed  another  resolution, 
favoring  the  treatment  of  ail  hogs  exhibited  at  state,  district  or  county 
fairs.  Following  that  up,  we  have  rulings  now  by  our  Animal  Health 
Commission  ready  to  present  to  the  executive  council,  to  put  those  things 
in  force  regarding  all  our  fairs  in  Iowa,  and  regarding  the  shipment  of 
breeding  hogs,  or  even  feeding  hogs,  into  Iowa,  unless  they  be  treated. 
All  this  will  be  a  part  of  the  machinery  if  we  are  going  to  try  to  control 
hog  cholera. 

When  we  come  down  to  the  question  of  controlling  it  at  home  on 
the  farm,  I  am  glad  to  say  that  there  are  a  good  many  hog  raisers  in 
Iowa  who  have  this  machinery  at  work  so  far  as  they  are  individually 
concerned.  I  know  hog  men  that  don't  ask  the  privilege  of  going  to 
any  neighbor's  hog  lot,  and  very  kindly  request  their  neighbors  not  to 
go  to  theirs  when  they  come  to  see  them  on  Sunday  afternoon.  Then 
there  are  other  ways  of  spreading  the  disease.  We  have  the  common 
carriers,  the  crows  and  the  pigeons  and  the  dogs — and  the  hog  buyer. 
He  is  one  of  the  most  prolific  sources  of  the  spread  of  cholera.  He 
works  just  in  front  of  the  outbreak — that  is,  so  far  as  the  hogs  appear 
to  be  in  bad  condition  he  is  ahead  of  it;   but  probably  the  infection  is 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR   BOOK— PART   IV  153 

right  there;  so  he  will  have  to  bo  quarantined  too,  along  with  the  rest 
of   them. 

Let  me  say  to  you  that  there  is  a  normal  cholera  season;  it  cor- 
responds to  the  normal  typhoid  season,  beginning  in  midsummer  and 
running  through  the  fall  and  on  into  the  winter.  In  a  normal  year  we 
might  not  hear  of  an  outbreak  of  cholera  in  April,  May  or  June  in  the 
state,  but  we  would  look  for  them  in  July.  Suppose  we  get  notice  that  Jones, 
in  the  center  of  a  certain  township  in  a  certain  county,  has  hog  cholera. 
We  go  there  and  apply  the  quarantine  to  Mr.  Jones  and  to  all  connected 
with  him,  forbidding  them  to  go  to  any  neighbor's  hog  lots,  and  for- 
bidding any  neighbor  to  come  to  Mr.  Jones'  hog  lots.  We  find  a  number 
of  the  hogs  already  sick  with  cholera,  and  when  they  are  already  sick 
they  are  gone,  except  for  the  few  that  may  have  constitutional  stability 
enough  to  go  through,  or  may  have  some  degree  of  natural  or  acquired 
immunity  to  help  them  through.  We  take  the  temperature  of  the  hogs, 
as  fever  is  one  of  the  first  symptoms  in  hog  cholera.  Perhaps  some 
have  already  died,  and  we  inquire  what  disposition  was  made  of  the 
carcasses.  Those  that  are  sick  and  we  think  there  is  no  hope  for,  we 
w^ould  ask  Mr.  Jones  to  kill  right  away,  pile  them  up  and  burn  them, 
and  with  them  burn  all  the  bedding  about  the  lots  and  pens;  and  if 
the  hog  lots  are  good,  you  can  rake  and  sweep  them  and  burn  the 
Takings  and  sweepings.  Then  use  the  disinfectant,  and  use  the  serum  on 
those  hogs  that  you  think  there  is  a  show  to  save.  If  we  get  there 
early  we  might  save  ninety  per  cent,  in  place  of  losing  ninety  per  cent. 
As  an  additional  safeguard,,  you  could  go  all  around  Mr.  Jones'  lot  for 
a  mile  or  two,  but  you  w^ould  want  to  disinfect  yourself  before  you  went 
— your  shoes  and  all  your  clothing.  We  have  veterinarians  now  using  serum 
in  Iowa  so  carefully  that  when  they  are  using  the  simultaneous  method 
they  strip  off  their  jumper  suit,  and  their  old  rubbers,  if  they  have  rub- 
bers on,  and  the  towels  (they  buy  five-cent  towels  by  the  wholesale),  and 
in  the  presence  of  the  farmer  they  do  the  work,  for  they  burn  the  whole 
thing,  and  disinfect  every  place  where  possibly  they  might  have  dropped 
any  of  that  virus.  That  is  the  proper  way  to  do.  We  have  other  veter- 
inarians traveling  over  the  state  with  knee  boots  on  that  are  smeared 
with  cholera  blood  to  the  top  of  them,  and  they  never  stop  long  enough 
to  disinfect  the  boots.     That  is  not  doing  it  right. 

The  Dominion  of  Canada  would  kill  all  of  Mr.  Jones'  hogs  and  pay 
him  for  them.  Then  they  disinfect  the  premises,  and  say  they  are  so 
successful  that  they  haven't  thought  it  necessary  to  go  into  the  serum 
business. 

The  state  of  Ohio  is  supposed  to  be  in  the  advance  of  all  other  states 
just  now  in  the  handling  of  hog  cholera.  They  have  finished  a  plant  in 
which  is  invested  $125,000.  It  has  an  eighty-acre  farm  with  a  complete 
line  of  laboratories  and  buildings  for  serum  production.  They  are  using 
it  on  every  herd  under  quarantine,  and  none  but  the  men  employed 
by  the  state  of  Ohio  are  injecting  one  drop  of  it,  supposedly  because 
they  know  how  to  do  it  without  exposure  to  anybody  else.  I  believe  that 
is  the  right  way  to  adminster  the  simultaneous  treatment.  I  could  give 
you   instances   where  the   simultaneous  treatment  was   used   in  a  man's 


154  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

herd  where  no  cholera  existed  and  no  immediate  danger  of  it  in  the 
community. 

I  could  give  you  one  instance  for  which  I  have  the  word  of  a  breeder 
of  hogs  who  has  carried  the  hlue  away  from  Des  Moines  a  number  of 
times.  A  neighbor  came  eight  miles  to  see  him,  and  started  to  go  out 
to  see  the  hogs.  This  man  said  to  him:  "You  had  better  not  go  into 
hog  barns;  I  have  got  cholera."  He  had  given  the  simultaneous,  and 
the  serum  had  not  been  up  to  full  potency,  and  some  had  died  as  a  re- 
sult. "Oh,"  said  the  man,  "I  am  not  afraid  of  cholera;  I  use  so-and-so 
in  the  swill  barrel;  I  have  never  had  it  and  never  expect  to."  They  went 
in.  At  the  right  time,  cholera  broke  out  in  the  visitor's  herd  and  spread 
to  other  herds.  That  was  a  secondary  result  from  simultaneous  treat- 
ment. If  the  first  man  had  been  under  proper  quarantine,  such  as  is  in 
vogue  in  Ohio,  and  should  be  in  other  states,  the  visitor  would  have  been 
forbidden  to  go  into  that  barn,  and  he  would  not  have  started  the  out- 
break on  his  own  farm  and  the  farms  of  his  neighbors. 

I  suppose  you  all  knov/  how  serum  is  made.  The  first  step,  supposing 
that  we  have  some  serum  and  some  viru:5  on  hand,  is  to  select  an  adult 
hog,  the  bigger  and  stronger,  the  more  resistance  to  cholera.  That  hog 
is  given  a  full  inoculated  dose  of  the  strongest  cholera  virus,  and  with 
it  a  full  dose  of  potent  serum.  The  result  will  be  that  he  will  be 
immunized.  He  may  or  may  not  be  sicl?:.  As  a  rule,  they  are  delicate 
for  about  three  days  and  miss  their  meals  most  of  the  time;  but  at 
the  end  of  ten  days  that  hog  is  as  well  as  ever,  and  is  absolutely  im- 
mune to  cholera.  The  reason  we  know  he  is  immune  is  that  the  next 
step  in  the  process  is  to  make  a  hyper-immune  of  him,  and  we  give 
him  enough  virus  to  kill  a  thousand  hogs  like  him  if  they  are  sus- 
ceptible to  cholera,  and  he  never  misses  a  meal.  Ten  days  after  he  gets 
that  big  dose  he  is  ready  to  bleed  for  serum.  I  should  have  said  in  the 
start  that  he  must  be  a  hog  with  a  long  tail;  we  can't  use  the  tail-less 
hog  for  bleeders.  Ten  days  after  he  is  immunized  we  cut  a  piece  off  this 
tail  until  we  can  get  it  to  bleed.  We  put  him  in  a  crate  and  have  a 
clean  sheet  that  covers  the  whole  part,  and  the  tail  comes  out  in  a 
little  hole  in  the  sheet.  The  tail  is  shaved  and  disinfected  and  sponged 
with  alcohol,  so  that  it  is  antiseptic  and  free  from  any  germ  infection; 
and  we  bleed  him  into  a  covered  vessel  from  the  end  of  the  tail.  It  will 
bleed  a  few  minutes  and  stop,  and  then  by  snapping  against  the  tail 
will  start  again.  Some  bleed  every  seven  days;  some  every  ten.  You 
bleed  him  what  you  think  he  can  stand  without  getting  weak.  I 
think  probably  the  general  rule  is  ten-day  intervals.  These  hogs  are 
given  a  pretty  good  ration  of  feed.  The  Ohio  laboratory  has  even  of- 
fered the  balanced  ration,  which  is  all  right.  Our  experience  is  that 
you  can't  put  them  on  full  corn  ration,  or  they  will  be  too  fat  before  you 
get  through  bleeding  them.  After  you  have  ble(^  him  three  times,  if 
you  have  lots  of  tail  left  (I  don't  know  why  it  is  that  an  audience  laughs 
at  that!),  you  can  re-hyper-immunize  him.  The  theory  is  not  properly 
worked  out  yet  as  to  what  quantity  you  should  give  him  in  that  re- 
hyper-immunization.  It  is  supposed  from  the  experience  that  has  been 
had  in  the  production  of  anti-toxins  that  each  animal  is  probably  only 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR   BOOK— PART   IV  155 

capable  of  giving  a  certain  amount  of  an  anti-toxin,  or  a  certain  number 
of  anti-bodies  which  are  in  the  hog  cholera  serum.  If  the  tail  is  short, 
and  you  don't  re-hyiDer-immunize,  ten  days  after  the  third  tail  bleeding, 
you  bleed  him  from  the  throat,  and  get  all  the  blood  he  has.  His  carcass 
is  pork,  accepted  by  the  government  inspector,  and  claimed  by  all  lo 
be  the  purest  carcass  of  pork  that  goes  to  the  market,  unless  he  might 
have  abscesses.  If  he  has,  the  government  inspector  is  there  to  see 
if  he  has  any  local  abscesses  from  any  of  the  injections  that  would 
condemn  the  carcass.  The  clot  is  taken  out  of  that  blood,  and  the 
serum  of  the  blood  goes  to  market,  with  a  small  percentage  of  preserv- 
ative added  to  keep  it. 

You  have  heard  something  about  the  testing  of  serum.  A  fairly  practical 
test  calls  for  three  pigs,  and  preferably  from  the  same  litter,  in  the  hope 
that  they  will  be  as  near  alike  in  all  their  characteristics  and  in  their  sus- 
ceptibility as  it  is  possible  to  get  three  pigs.  You  may  get  in  any  litter  of 
pigs  one  that  is  a  natural  immune  against  cholera  and  won't  take  it  at 
all,  but  that  is  the  exception.  To  No.  1  you  give  a  full  inoculated  dose  of 
cholera  virus — nothing  more.  He  should  die  in  just  ten  days,  if  you  have 
good  virus — that  is,  in  summer  weather;  in  cool  fall  weather  a  virus  pig 
may  go  to  twelve  or  even  fourteen  days,  and  yet  your  virus  may  not  be 
weakened  at  all.  In  the  summer  time,  when  the  temperature  is  around  100 
degrees,  he  may  die  in  nine  days,  and  once  in  a  while  in  eight.  No.  2  we 
give  the  full  dose  of  virus  and  half  a  dose  of  serum;  and  No.  3  we  give  the 
full  dose  of  virus  and  the  full  label  dose  that  goes  with  every  serum  bottle. 
No.  2  may  be  very  sick  and  pull  through.  No.  3  should  not  be  very  serious- 
ly disturbed.  He  may  miss  a  meal  or  two,  but  is  rounded  out  in  a  few  days 
in  fine  shape.  If  No.  2  lives  and  No.  3  is  not  very  sick,  you  may  say  you 
have  good  enough  serum  to  send  out. 

The  serum  receives  a  little  backset  from  one  fact  that  I  want  to  remind 
you  of,  and  that  is  that  the  government  starts  us  out  on  a  half  dose.  If 
you  have  a  serum  of  the  highest  potency,  that  original. government  dose 
will  work  very  well;  but  every  laboratory  in  the  country  has  now  on  its 
label  practically  double  the  dose  that  we  started  .with,  and  I  think  that 
counts  for  better  results  in  most  communities  where  the  serum  has  been 
used  for  several  years.  The  serum  alone  does  not  sicken  a  hog,  and  there 
is  no  possible  way  that  you  could  inoculate  a  hog  with  good  serum. 
The  serum  simultaneous  gives  the  hog  a  mild  dose  of  cholera  and  a  dose  of 
serum  to  carry  him  through  it.  It  is  the  only  treatment  that  should  be 
called  vaccination,  because  it  produces  the  disease  in  a  mild  form. 

You  all  know  that  pregnant  sows  are  apt  to  abort  in  cholera.  We 
have  had  some  history  of  the  simultaneous  treatment  causing  abortion, 
HO  wo  sometimes  warn  a  man  against  the  use  of  it  on  sows  well  advanced 
in    pregnancy. 

Some  years  ago  several  men  started  out  on  the  theory  that  they  could 
I'reed  a  rac«  of  immune  hogs.  That  matter  has  had  a  good  deal  of  atten- 
tion since  the  serum  treatment  came  in  vogue.  Doctor  Reynolds,  of  Min- 
nesota, has  experimented  along  this  line,  and  there  is  a  peculiar  thing 
about  this  transmitted  immunity — what  there  is  of  it — to  the  young. 
The  hyper-immune — the  one  that  has  produced  our  serum — will  not  give 


156  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

birth  to  pigs  that  are  any  better  immunes  than  from  a  sow  that  has  had 
the  simultaneous  and  is  herself  just  a  healthy  immune — never  hyper- 
immunized.  That  immunity  in  those  little  pigs  lasts  from  three  to  eight 
weeks  after  birth.  To  prove  that  they  are  able  to  carry  anti-bodies,  Doctor 
Reynolds  made  serum  from  the  blood  of  the  little  pigs  born  of  immune 
mothers,  and  used  it  in  simultaneous  treatment  against  virus,  and  found 
it  would  protect  the  hogs  just  the  same  as  the  serum  we  produced.  I  had 
one  report  where  some  of  these  pigs  from  immune  mothers  at  about  the 
right  age — eight  or  ten  weeks — ^began  to  take  cholera.  In  that  herd  was 
one  litter  that  was  still  nursing  beyond  the  ordinary  nursing  period.  The 
cholera  did  not  touch  them  while  they  nursed  the  mother.  Whether  that 
was  due  to  the  fact  that  they  were  getting  the  ideal  diet,  or  whether  the 
mother  was  giving  them  anti-bodies  in  the  milk,  I  do  not  know;  that  has 
never  been  tried  out. 

Doctor  Reynolds  has  worked  out  another  proposition.  He  gives  an  ac- 
count of  one  sow,  called  "the  old  red  sow,"  in  his  reports.  First  let  me 
tell  you  that  he  w^as  working  on  theory — and  they  are  now  using  it  in 
.-Centucky — of  giving  these  pigs  from  the  immune  mothers  a  dose  of  vir- 
ulent blood  when  they  are  three  w^eeks  old.  They  could  stand  that  with- 
out any  serum  and  come  through  all  right  with  a  very  small  percentage  of 
loss.  That  would  immunize  them  until  they  were  quite  good  sized  hogs 
and  had  reached  the  age  when  you  could  hope  to  give  them  a  permanent 
immunity  if  you  wished  to  use  the  simultaneous  method  on  them.  In  using 
his  virulent  blood  treatment  on  these  pigs  from  an  immune  mother,  he 
used  it  on  the  old  red  sow's  first  litter  successfully;  not  one  died.  He 
used  it  on  her  second  litter,  and  not  one  died.  He  used  it  on  her  third 
litter,  and  they  all  died.  For  some  reason  or  other,  she  failed  to  transmit 
any  immunity  to  that  third  litter.  I  don't  know  that  the  doctor  has  ever 
expressed  an  opinion  as  to  whether  she  had  lost  her  own  immunity  or  not, 
but  he  re-immunized  her  by  giving  her  another  simultaneous  treatment, 
and  her  fourth  litter  took  the  virulent  blood  without  a  bit  of  trouble. 

The  great  difficulty  in  maintaining  an  immune  herd  is  that  you  can't 
give  permanent  immumty  to  a  young  pig.  Some  of  them  you  may  im- 
munize for  life  when  they  are  forty  pounds  in  weight,  but  there  will  be 
some  more  of  them  subjects  for  cholera  any  time  after  six  months.  The 
same  is  true  of  vaccination  in  the  child.  You  know  the  changes  are 
more  rapid  in  the  young,  and  therefore  you  can't  promise  a  permanent 
immunity  on  a  young,  growing  pig. 

Now,  you  know  the  question  is  up  with  the  legislature  as  to  what 
they  will  do  with  this  matter.  The  animal  husbandry  committee  of  the 
house  have  three  or  more  bills  before  them.  They  had  four  bills  to 
consider,  and  they  undertook  to  write  a  committee  bill,  and  got  all 
muddled  up  on  it,  and  the  whole  matter  is  back  in  their  committee 
again;  so  they  have  not  made  any  advancement.  There  is  another  bill 
before  the  agricultural  committee  of  the  senate,  and  they  are  going  at 
it  in  a  systematic  way.  They  have  sent  out  letters  containing  questions 
upon  all  phases  of  the  treatment  to  a  list  of  people.  I  furnished  a  list 
of  customers  who  had  ordered  serum  from  us  of  our  own  production,  and 
also  of  the  Kansas  serum  we  have  been  using  this  fall.     Senator  Allen  is 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV  157 

going  to  undertake  to  tabulate  some  facts  or  figures  from  these  answers. 
Probably  300  letters  went  out. 

There  is  a  dispute  about  "where  the  serum  laboratory  shall  be  located, 
and  with  that  little  campaign  there  has  been  some  misrepresentation. 
Some  say  they  are  all  ready  to  make  it  at  Ames.  I  know  every  foot 
of  the  ground  at  Ames,  and  I  don't  think  they  are.  Then,  too,  after 
having  taken  care  of  the  kid  for  four  years,  when  there  was  not  pro- 
vided half  ration  for  it,  I  object  to  having  it  taken  away  from  me  now 
that  it  is  going  to  be  strong  and  able  to  stand  and  go  some.  You 
gentlemen  can  line  yourselves  up  on  either  side  you  please. 

There  is  one  question  as  to  whether  every  Tom,  Dick  and  Harry 
should  be  permitted  to  sell  serum  to  the  people  in  Iowa.  I  say  that 
every  plant  should  be  investigated,  and  first  see  if  they  are  equipped  to 
make  serum,  and  then  that  they  understand  that  there  is  some  authority 
in  the  state  who  is  liable  to  test  their  serum  any  day,  the  same  as  the 
milk  inspectors  in  Des  Moines  and  other  cities  walk  up  to  a  milkman 
on  any  corner  and  say:  "Give  me  a  bottle  of  milk."  There  was  one  bill 
written  by  the  committee  that  said  they  might  require  the  manufacturer 
to  send  a  bottle  of  serum  for  a  test.  I  think  that  is  a  joke.  That  was 
not  in  any  bill  that  I  had  anything  to  do  with,  however. 

There  is  one  other  phase  of  the  hog  business  that  I  wanted  to  give 
you  gentlemen.  I  got  some  figures  from  Doctor  Melvin,  chief  of  the 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  in  regard  to  tuberculosis  in  hogs  that  were 
killed  in  our  Iowa  abattoirs.  I  believe  it  is  true  that  more  of  our  Iowa 
hogs  are  killed  without  the  state  than  within,  and  my  figures  probably 
cover  approximately  half  of  our  production  of  hogs.  Doctor  Melvin  says 
(I  got  this  in  November) :  "During  the  last  year  there  were  killed  at  the 
Iowa  abattoirs  2,555,576  hogs.  Of  these,  167,676  were  tubercular.  And, 
by  the  way,  that  figures  6l^  per  cent  of  them.  Those  6%  per  cent, 
figured  at  250  pounds  live  weight,  $7  a  hundred,  amount  to  $2,934,347.50 — 
nearly  three  million  dollars'  worth.  So  if  that  only  represents  half  of 
the  work,  we  have  this  to  take  home  with  us:  that  we  have  produced  in 
Iowa  in  the  last  year  $6,000,000  worth  of  tubercular  pork.  One  tuber- 
cular steer  in  your  feed  yard  may  infect  all  the  hogs  that  run  in  the 
yard,  even  if  there  are  several  carloads  of  cattle  in  the  yard.  They 
made  one  experiment  in  Ames  on  transmitting  tuberculosis  to  the  hogs 
with  the  milk  of  a  bad  cow,  and  in  twenty  days  every  hog  had  tuber- 
culosis. Now,  as  an  economic  question,  I  believe  we  could  afford  to  do 
something  to  curtail  this  $6,000,000  worth  of  tubercular  pork,  but  it  is 
a  pretty  difficult  thing  to  get  an  appropriation  to  do  things  with.  If 
a  man  is  going  to  feed  three  or  four  cars  of  cattle  and  put  the  right 
number  of  hogs  behind  them,  might  it  not  pay  him  to  test  those  steers 
and  know  when  he  starts  the  bunch  on  feed  whether  there  is  a  case  of 
tuberculosis  in  the  yard  or  not?  I  say  to  every  bunch  of  stockmen  that 
I  have  a  chance  to  address:  "You  can't  afford  to  feed  carcasses  of  dead 
animals  to  your  hogs,  because  you  never  know  but  the  carcass  will 
cost  you  more  money  than  it  is  worth  from  the  point  of  feeding  value. 
A  feed  of  fresh  meat  to  a  bunch  of  hogs  when  they  are  not  used  to  it 
physics  them  and  throws  them  back  two  or  three  days,  and  there  is  no 


158  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

gain  in  it  anyway.  Some  fresh  meat  might  be  fed  clear  through  the 
period  at  intervals  without  upsetting  the  hogs  and  giving  them  a  set- 
back, but  you  take  my  advice,  gentlemen,  and  -burn  all  your  old  carcasses. 
Don't  bury  them,  either,  because  some  day  you  will  be  burying  some- 
thing that  you  can  never  get  rid  of,  and  that  will  live  longer  than  you 
will  in  the  soil. 

DISCUSSION. 

A  Member :    How  about  this  tankage  we  buy,  then  ? 

Doctor  Gibson:  The  process  of  producing  tankage  should  ren- 
der it  aseptic  from  infection.  We  have  had  some  reports  that 
would  look  as  if  cholera  had  been  caused  by  tankage,  but  we  have 
not  been  able  to  check  that  matter  up.  If  such  is  the  case,  I  am  in- 
clined to  think  that  it  was  infected  with  cholera  after  it  was  made 
into  tankage.     The  steam  process  ought  to  have'rendered  it  safe. 

You  have  heard  a  good  deal  of  talk  in  the  last  few  years  about 
our  loss  of  population.  I  will  tell  you  that  there  were  eighty  sets 
of  emigrant  papers  in  my  office  this  morning  for  approval.  If 
you  figure  that  there  are  eighty  men  owning  those  eighty  ship- 
ments, and  that  they  are  heads  of  families,  with  five  to  the  family, 
you  have  lost  400  citizens  today.  That  is  the  way  they  compute 
school  statistics,  and  you  know  most  of  those  fellows  are  thrifty  in 
every  way,  and  they  are  going  to  get  broader  acres  for  the  increas- 
ing numbers  of  the  family.  This  is  the  one  state  in  the  Union  that 
could  put  400  men  in  condition  to  pull  up  stakes  and  take  with 
them  some  live  stock  and  go  somewhere  to  buy  a  farm.  We  furnish 
all  the  northwestern  country  with  their  best  citizens,  and  we  fur- 
nish California  with  her  best  millionaires.  In  the  last  six  months, 
we  lost  4,720  of  population,  figured  on  the  same  basis.  But  you 
would  be  surprised,  were  you  in  my  position,  to  see  how  many  are 
coming  back.  They  write  me  to  "send  me  a  permit  to  send  my 
stock  back  to  Iowa,  and  let  Doctor  So-and-So,  at  such  a  town,  who 
used  to  test  my  stock,  test  me  when  I  get  there ;  I  am  coming  back 
to  good  old  Iowa;  and  will  be  mighty  glad  to  get  home." 

A  Member:  How  long  after  the  hog  is  vaccinated  can  it  be  sold 
for  slaughter  ? 

Doctor  Gibson:  That  is  one  thing  that  I  wish  Ames  had  told 
us.  They  have  an  experiment  station  and  a  laboratory  equipped 
for  experimental  work;  and  the  government  has  its  experimental 
biboratories ;  but  no  man  has  yet  told  us  Avhen  it  is  safe  to  ship 
an  immunized  hog  to  market.  The  more  important  question  is  when 
an  immunized  boar,  for  instance,  can  be  shipped  out  to  a  customer 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV  159 

to  be  put  into  his  herd.  Nobody  has  told  us  that  yet.  It  is  be- 
lieved by  some  that  some  hogs  that  have  the  simultaneous  treatment 
become  permanent  carriers  of  cholera  virus,  the  same  as  some  peo- 
ple become  permanent  or  indefinite  carriers  of  typhoid  bacilli.  We 
Imow  that  is  true  as  regards  typhoid  fever  in  the  human  and  this 
disease  in  hogs  resembles  it  very  closely.  I  can't  answer  that,  and 
I  don't  know  any  man  who  can. 

A  Member:    How  long  will  immunization  last^ 

Doctor  Gibson:  If  properly  done  on  any  hog  that  weighs  100 
pounds  or  over,  it  should  be  permanent;  but  on  hogs  under  fifty 
pounds  no  man  can  say  whether  they  are  permanently  immunized 
or  not. 

A  Member:  I  have  a  brother  living  at  Emporia,  Kansas.  Last 
year  he  got  the  cholera  among  his  hogs.  He  got  some  of  the  sj'rura 
from  the  Kansas  Agricultural  College  and  inoculated  the  hogs  after 
the  disease  had  appeared.  He  lost  about  eighty  per  cent  of  them, 
and  afterwards  it  was  claimed  by  some  people  that  the  serura  was 
probably  too  old  or  had  lost  its  potency. 

Doctor  Gibson :  That  could  be,  and  that  was  serum  only.  The 
government  has  given  us  some  tests  on  serum  five  years  old  setting 
on  a  shelf  exposed  to  all  the  changes  of  temperature,  and  had  it 
protect  a  hog  against  a  proper  dose  of  virus.  Of  course,  that  is  an 
extreme,  but  it  is  believed  that  serum  carried  over  a  year  is  good, 
and  if  it  was  once  good,  it  is  liable  to  be  good  until  you  have  used 
ir,  for  any  reasonable  length  of  time. 

They  have  learned  some  lessons  in  Kansas.  They  recommend 
now  that  you  give  a  hog  a  dose  of  serum  first  and  prepare  him 
for  the  simultaneous,  and  then  when  you  give  him  the  simulta- 
neous he  will  not  be  sickened  by  it,  or  killed,  or  so  apt  to  develop 
cholera.  Every  firm  that  is  at  all  conscientious  tells  you  when 
they  send  you  serum  and  virus  that  you  are  liable  to  lose  two  to 
five  per  cent  of  your  hogs  when  you  treat  them.  They  view  the 
average  herd  of  hogs  in  Iowa  as  100  in  number — I  think  they  would 
average  that — and  that  means  that  two  to  five  hogs  are  going  to 
die  from  that  treatment.  What  do  they  die  of?  They  die  of  chol- 
era. There  will  be  another  five  per  cent  that  will  have  spots  on 
their  bellies,  showing  that  they  have  cholera  and  may  pull  through. 

A  Member :    How  long  should  it  be  between  those  two  treatments? 

Doctor  Gibson :  They  should  be  ten  days  apart.  They  now  call 
it  three  treatments :  serum  treatment,  serum  simultaneous,  and  dou- 
ble method. 


160  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

A  ]\f ember:  I  heard  of  a  treatment  when  they  gave  them  both 
the  same  day. 

Doctor  Gibson:  That  is  the  proper  simultaneons  treatment:  put 
the  serum  in  one  thigh  and  tlie  virus  in  the  other. 

MARKET  WEIGHING  OP  LIVE   STOCK. 

BY    JAMES    E.    DOWNING,    DEPARTMENT    OF    AGRICITETURE.    WASHINGTON,    D.    C. 

The  present  system  of  weighing  stock  to  obtain  the  amount  of  freight 
at  Chicago  was  inaugurated  twenty-five  years  ago.  Since  then  the  num- 
ber of  head  received  per  year  has  increased  7,550,206,  or  78  per  cent, 
while  the  valuation  has  increased  $172,742,936,  or  136  per  cent.  These 
figures  are  taken  from  the  reports  of  the  Union  Stock  Yards  Transit 
Company,  of  Chicago. 

To  meet  this  gain,  the  facilities  at  the  yards  have  been  increased 
until  there  are  now  500  acres  of  land  occupied,  of  which  450  acres  are 
payed.  The  length  of  the  railroad  tracks  is  300  miles.  There  are  13,000 
pens,  of  which  8,500  are  covered.  There  are  725  chutes,  and  25,000 
gates.  On  hot  days,  7,000,000  gallons  of  water  are  consumed  from  the 
twenty-five  miles  of  troughs,  fed  by  90  miles  of  water  pipe.  At  night 
the  50  miles  of  electric  light  wire  furnishes  current  for  450  arc  lights 
and  10,000  incandescent  lamps. 

This  market  was  established  at  the  close  of  1865.  There  were  no 
calves  received  until  1881.  In  1912,  there  were  over  a  half  million 
calves  received  alive  and  3,383  dead.  Approximately  16,000,000  other 
animals  were  handled  besides  the  calves  during  1912,  so  that  the  claim, 
"the  greatest  live  stock  market  of  the  world,"  which  is  made  for  Chi- 
cago, would  appear  to  be  fully  justified. 

I  have  gone  into  these  details  to  impress  you  with  the  growth  of 
the  Chicago  market  in  general,  but  what  I  desire  to  point  out  more  spe- 
cifically is  the  system  now  in  use  of  arriving  at  the  amount  of  freight 
to  be  charged  shippers.  While  other  things  at  this  great  stock  center 
have  advanced  and  improved,  this  system  of  weighing  does  not  appear 
to  have  kept  step  with  other  things  in  the  last  twenty-five  years,  or 
since  it  was  installed.  One  instance  of  the  growth  of  the  market  that 
has  a  direct  bearing  on  the  present  system  of  weighing  may  here  be 
cited.  I  refer  to  the  extension  of  the  yards  from  time  to  time,  which 
has  necessitated  the  removal  of  railroad  tracks  and  scales,  until  today 
the  track  scales  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  road,  where 
their  cars  are  weighed,  are  as  much  as  twenty-two  miles  distant  from 
the  unloading  chutes.  After  the  cars  are  unloaded,  they  must  be  hauled 
that  distance  before,  the  light  or  empty  weights  can  be  obtained.  You 
ean  readily  appreciate  how  much  time  such  a  method  of  weighing  must 
necessarily  consume  on  a  road  that  stands  second  in  the  amount  of 
stock  delivered  at  the  Chicago  market. 

Furthermore,  in  weighing  loaded  cars  drawn  slowly  over  automatic 
scales,  as  is  the  case  at  Chicago,  the  beam  does  not  register  anything 
under  100  pounds.  The  drawbars  of  the  cars  are  not  uncoupled,  so  that 
any  downstrain  goes  as  weight.     The  fractional  part  of  100  pounds  and 


l^HiRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV  l6i 

the  downstrain,  if  any,  may  not  be  a  serious  consideration  in  a  single 
car,  but  in  a  run  of  2,000  cars  they  might  well  be  so.  The  same  things 
apply  in  like  manner  to  the  re-weighing  on  the  railroad  scales,  which 
is  done  under  the  same  conditions. 

Again,  the  entire  train  is  pulled  over  the  scale  at  the  rate  of  about 
three  cars  per  minute,  and  by  mechanical  operation  each  car  registers 
its  own  weight.  It  frequently  happens,  however,  that  the  automatic  de- 
vice gets  out  of  order  and  gives  erratic  results,  without  the  knowledge 
of  the  operator,  notwithstanding  the  care  exercised  to  keep  it  in  perfect 
working  order.  Such  instances  of  incorrect  weights  have  made  neces- 
sary a  refunding  system,  which  consists  of  a  settlement  with  the  ship- 
per on  his  hoof  or  sale  weight,  less  an  allowance  for  fill.  To  get  these 
differences  adjusted  by  all  concerned,  necessitates  a  delay  in  final  settle- 
ment that  at  times  approaches  that  indefinite  period  called  the  "limit." 

The  most  important  matter  connected  with  the  weighing  system  at 
Chicago  is  the  delay  which  it  occasions  in  the  delivery  of  the  animals. 
The  records  show  that  something  like  80  per  cent  of  all  live  stock  is 
received  at  the  yards  between  12  o'clock  midnight  and  8  o'clock  in  the 
morning.  It  has  been  estimated  that  if  the  weighing  on  track  scales 
could  be  discontinued,  there  would  be  a  saving  in  time  of  from  two  to 
four  hours  in  the  delivery  of  the  stock  to  the  unloading  chutes.  You 
shippers  all  know  the  value  of  a  good  run  to  market,  but  it  must  be 
trying  to  lose  this  advantage  through  delays  after  arrival.  My  observa- 
tion has  been -that  animals  need  all  the  time  they  can  get  from  daylight 
to  8  o'clock  in  order  to  rest  and  fill.  Records  I  have  made  will,  I  be- 
lieve, bear  me  out  in  the  statement  that  stock  fill  best  during  this  period 
under  normal  conditions. 

The  fill  at  market  is  a  valuable  asset  to  the  shipper.  A  pound  of 
fill  at  market  is  as  valuable  as  a  pound  of  meat  put  on  in  the  feed  lot. 
It  brings  just  as  much  money.  For  example  a  loss  of  ten  pounds  of  fill 
per  head  in  a  load  of  twenty-five  cattle  that  sell  for,  say,  8  cents,  means 
$20.  That  sum  will  not  pay  the  freight  in  most  instances,  but  it  will 
pay  a  good  part  of  it. 

It  is  obvious,  therefore,  that  delays  at  market  may  prove  expensive, 
not  only  with  cattle  but  with  hogs,  especially  in  hot  weather  after  they 
have  been  kept  cool  in  transit,  as  can  be  done  by  frequent  showering. 
If  they  encounter  delays,  the  loss  through  smothering  might  easily  he 
serious. 

In  this  connection  it  might  be  of  interest  to  know  that  27,703  dead 
hogs,  valued  at  $481,062.60,  were  taken  out  of  the  cars  at  the  Chicago 
market  in  1912.  It  is  estimated  that  ten  per  cent  of  the  dead  hogs  re- 
ceived at  Chicago  are  loaded  dead  at  point  of  origin.  Assuming  this 
estimate  to  be  accurate,  and  deducting  it  from  the  total  sum,  it  leaves 
$432,956.34  as  representing  the  value  of  the  smothered  hogs  received 
at  Chicago  during  the  past  year.  These  figures  do  not  take  into  account 
pigs  averaging  about  fifty  pounds. 

There  are  other  details  that  have  a  bearing  on  the  system  of  weigh- 
ing now  in  use  in  Chicago,  but  those  that  have  been  presented  appear 
to  be  the  more  important.  It  may  be  remarked  in  this  connection  that 
11 


162  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AaRICULTURE 

it  does  not  seem  consistent  witli  modern  methods  to  weigh  a  volume 
of  business  that  reaches  over  $300,000,000  by  a  similar  system  that 
was  installed  when  the  business  was  only  $166,000,000.  In  other  words, 
since  the  present  system  was  inaugurated,  the  check-rower  has  come 
into  use,  the  self-binder,  the  hay  fork,  the  manure  spreader,  the  silo, 
the  gas  engine,  the  cream  separator,  and  the  automobile.  These  are 
but  a  few  of  the  many  instances  ol'  the  progress  of  our  time,  and  the 
things  now  established  as  necessary  to  our  work.  All  serve  to  very 
materially  reduce  the  amount  of  toil  and  the  number  of  people  em- 
ployed, yet  the  Western  Weighing  Association,  at  Chicago,  maintains 
twenty  automatic  and  two  beam  scales,  with  night  and  day  weigh- 
masters  for  each,  in  order  to  carry  on  the  business  of  weighing  stock. 
These  remarks  are  not  intended  as  a  criticism,  but  as  a  comparison  of 
how  the  shipper  has  progressed  at  home  with  the  instruments  of  his 
labor,  while  a  system  is  still  in  vogue  at  the  largest  market  in  this 
country  that  would  not  be  employed  by  a  going  business  concern.  It 
is  not  a  very  difficult  matter  usually  to  find  fault  with  that  which  an- 
other has  to  do.  The  object  of  this  paper,  however,  is  not  so  much  to 
criticise  as  to  present  a  comparison  with  another  method  of  securing 
the  weight  for  freight  charges  which  is  in  use  at  other  stock  centers. 

I  have  already  acquainted  you  with  an  outline  of  the  situation  at 
Chicago.  I  now  wish  to  direct  your  attention  to  a  system  somewhat 
recently  adopted  at  South  Omaha,  Sioux  City,  St.  Joseph  and  National 
Stock  Yards,  whereby  the  weighing  of  stock  in  cars,  before  unloading, 
is  done  away  with.  I  desire  to  state  that  my  personal  knowledge  of 
the  details  of  this  latter  method  is  confined  to  the  plan  in  operation 
at  South  Omaha,  but  I  am  informed  that  the  other  cities  mentioned 
have  in  operation  the  same  general  plan,  although  the  details  may  differ 
somewhat.    The  main  features  of  the  system  are  as  follows: 

1.  All  weighing  on  track  scales  is  abandoned. 

2.  The  weights  on  all  shipments  are  ascertained  by  the  Western 
Weighing  Association  at  the  accounting  office  of  the  stock  yards  com- 
pany. 

3.  The  railroads  convey  the  stock  from  the  main-line  trains  by  means 
of  switch  engines,  immediately  on  arrival,  placing  the  cars  on  the  stock 
yards  transfer  tracks.  The  stock  yards  switch  engines  then  take  the 
cars  to  the  unloading  chutes,  where  the  stock  is  unloaded  and  yarded. 

4.  W^hen  the  stock  is  sold,  the  hoof  or  sale  weights  are  taken  to 
the  Western  Weighing  Asso'Ciation  by  the  commission  firm,  where  the 
amount  of  freight,  less  a  fill  allowance,  is  calculated. 

5.  The  fill  allowance  is  deducted  as  follows:  Cattle  on  the  cars 
less  than  twelve  hours,  500  pounds  per  car;  cattle  on  the  cars  over 
twelve  hours,  800  pounds  per  car.  The  allowance  for  hogs  is  300  pounds 
per  car  for  single-deck  cars  and  600  pounds  for  double-deck  cars,  re- 
gardless of  the  time  in  cars.  No  fill  allowance  on  sheep.  The  weight 
of  dead  or  crippled  animals  is  estimated. 

6.  The  weights  on  shipments  of  two  or  more  cars  from  one  con- 
signor to  one  consignee,  from  one  station,  on  any  given  day  are  aver- 
aged.    For    example:     John   Jones   has   five   cars   of   cattle   consigned   to 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV       163 

one  commission  firm.  One  car  weighs  20,000  pounds,  another  22,000, 
another  23,000,  another  24,000,  and  another  25,000  pounds.  The  com- 
bined weight  of  these  cars  is  114,000  pounds.  The  average  weight  of 
these  five  cars  is  22,800  pounds.  Assuming  the  minimum  fill  allow- 
ance of  500  pounds  per  car,  this  will  reduce  the  net  average  weight  to 
22,300  pounds  per  car,  and  the  freight  on  each  car  will  be  the  same. 

7.  After  the  freight  is  figured  on  this  basis,  the  commission  man 
takes  the  slips  with  the  car  numbers  and  freight  charges  to  the  Stock 
Yards  Company,  where  the  handling  charges  are  added.  This  closes 
the  matter  with  the  consignee. 

This,  in  brief,  is  the  later  method  of  weighing,  whereby  hoof  or 
selling  weights  are  utilized  as  a  basis  for  ascertaining  the  amount  of 
freight  to  be  charged  for.  Let  us  take  a  moment  and  analyze  this 
method.  I  have  weighed  at  different  times  and  over  various  scales 
several  hundred  empty  stock  cars,  to  ascertain  the  amount  of  bedding 
contained  in  each.  My  experience  is  that  it  is  not  practical  to  attempt 
to  weigh  more  than  twenty-five  cars  in  one  train,  for  the  reason  that 
too  much  time  is  consumed  in  getting  each  car  properly  on  the  scales. 
So  that  the  train  of  fifty  cars  of  stock  must  be  cut  in  two.  There  is  no 
saving  of  time  in  the  weighing  of  loaded  cars  as  compared  with  empties; 
in  fact,  the  empties  are  spotted  more  easily.  The  amount  of  slack  is 
the  same,  but  the  engine  can  not  .control  loads  as  well  as  empties.  The 
point  I  want  to  bring  out,  however,  is  that  weighing  twenty-five  cars, 
one  at  a  time,  means  twenty-five  bumps  or  jerks  to  a  car  of  cattle,  and 
I  believe  you  will  agree  with  me  that  twenty-five  bumps  do  not  in  any 
way  lessen  the  amount  of  shrink  in  the  animals. 

Men  who  weigh  cars  every  day  acquire  more  skill  and  speed  in  the 
operation,  but  my  personal  experience  has  been  that  I  could  not  weigh 
more  rapidly  than  one  car  in  two  minutes,  and  obtain  correct  weights. 
In  fact,  I  never  found  a  crew  that  could  spot  cars  faster  than  one  in  two 
minutes.  Under  favorable  conditions,  then,  the  weighing  of  twenty-five 
cars  would  consume  fifty  minutes  before  the  stock  could  be  delivered 
to  the  transfer  track.  To  this  should  be  added  the  time  necessary  to 
make  the  trip  from  the  railroad  scales  to  the  transfer  track.  It  must 
be  understood  that  the  above  time  for  weighing  does  not  apply  to  the 
automatic  scales  at  Chicago,  previously  referred  to.  The  latter,  of  course, 
are  much  more  rapid. 

Delays  and  bumps,  jvhich  are  two  important  factors,  having  a  direct 
bearing  on  shrink,  have  therefore  been  eliminated  under  the  method 
now  in  use  in  South  Omaha.  As  regards  the  delay,  it  is  estimated  that 
on  the  average  an  hour  and  a  half  in  time  has  been  saved  the  shipper 
in  getting  his  stock  unloaded;  while  as  to  the  bumping,  it  would  be 
indeed  difficult  to  form  any  estimate  of  the  saving  to  the  shipper  by  rea- 
son of  his  stock  being  unloaded  soon  after  arrival,  so  tftiey  will  not  have 
to  endure  the  jolting  necessary  to  weighing  each  car  on  track  scales. 

Another  advantage  which  appears  worthy  of  consideration  consists 
in  the  fact  that  the  hoof  weights  are  recorded  with  a  balanced  beam 
that  takes  into  account  amounts  under  100  pounds.  Furthermore,  the 
shipper  has  an  opportunity  of  seeing  his  animals  weighed  if  he  desires. 


164  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

In  discussing  the  old  and  new  system  at  South  Omaha,  I  do  not 
wish  to  be  understood  as  comparing  Omaha  with  Chicago.  The  system 
at  Chicago  of  weighing  over  automatic  scales  is,  beyond  question,  more 
rapid  than  the  old  system  used  at  South  Omaha.  The  thought  I  wish 
to  present  has  to  do  with  applying  the  new  system  at  South  Omaha  to 
the  Chicago  situation.  While  this  new  method  has  only  been  in  effect 
since  March  16th,  last,  not  one  with  whom  I  came  in  contact  in  South 
Omaha  would  give  any  consideration  to  a  return  to  the  old  system. 

There  is  one  feature  of  this  new  system,  however,  that  appears  to 
be  open  to  criticism.  While  the  plan  as  a  whole  appears  to  be  prac- 
tical and  sound,  the  amounts  deducted  from  the  sale  weights  as  fill 
allowances  are  open  to  question.  The  stock  yards  people  admit  this  part 
of  the  plan  is  a  bit  crude  and  uncertain.  They  started  with  the  best 
information  they  could  obtain,  and  are  anxious  to  secure  accurate  and 
reliable  data  that  will  make  these  tariffs  less  liable  to  question.  Once 
this  matter  is  adjusted  on  a  basis  equitable  to  all  concerned,  there  ap- 
pears to  be  no  serious  objection  to  some  such  plan  being  generally 
adopted  at  all  of  the  principal  markets,  so  that  shippers  can  have  a 
uniform  method  of  weighing  that  will  avoid  delays  and  jolts  and  come 
somewhat  more  nearly  recording  the  exact  weight  for  which  they  should 
be  charged  freight. 

An  informal  discussion  in  regard  to  the  manner  of  taking 
Aveights  followed,  participated  in  by  I\Ir.  D.  D.  Cutler,  representing 
the  Chicago  and  North  Western  Railway;  Mr.  Will  Drury,  and 
Mr.  R.  ]\I.  Gunn. 

President  Sykes  announced  the  appointment  of  the  following 
committee  on  resolutions :  Will  Drury,  Sac ;  R.  M.  Gunn,  Black- 
hawk;  F.  D.  Steen,  Muscatine;  W.  L.  Drennan,  Adams;  F.  A.  Stil- 
well,  Poweshiek;  W.  T.  Hamilton.  Washington;  R.  A.  Lenocker, 
jMadison;  W.  S.  Bassett,  Benton;  J.  C.  Oliva,  Iowa;  D.  P.  Hogan, 
Cass;  T.  W.  Webb,  Ida;  A.  W.  Pilmer,  Cherokee;  J.  T.  Chandler, 
Henry. 

The  convention  thereupon  adjourned  to  9 :30  a.  m.,  Wednesday. 

THE  BANQUET.      * 

On  Tuesday  evening,  the  annual  banquet  of  the  association  was 
held  at  the  Savery  Hotel.  This  was  the  most  largely  attended  ban- 
quet that  the  association  has  ever  held,  and  was  a  most  thoroughly 
enjoyable  affair.     Following  is  a  report  of  the  different  talks  made : 

President  A.  Sykes:  Friends  of  the  Meat  Producers'  Association 
and  Fellow  Banqueters:  We  again  celebrate  the  annual  banquet  of  the 
Corn  Belt  Meat  Producers'  Association,  I  think  in  a  very  pleasant  way. 
I  wish  to  say  in  behalf  of  the  officers  of  this  association  that  it  has 
been   very   gratifying  to   them   to   see   the   splendid   audience   here   this 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR   BOOK— PART   IV  165 

evening,  and  to  see  the  interest  that  is  manifest  in  our  association,  that 
men  have  come  here  from  all  over  the  state  to  attend  this  annual  gath- 
ering and  this  annual  banquet. 

I  might  just  say  here  that  this  is  the  fourth  one  of  these  annual 
banquets  that  we  have  held,  and  every  one  gets  better,  and  at  every- 
one the  attendance  gets  larger.  So  we  feel  that  we  are  growing  in  inter- 
est, and,  as  I  suggested  this  evening  to  one  of  our  friends,  we  are  becom- 
ing more  conspicuous  year  after  year  as  an  organization. 

Nine  years  ago  this  organization  was  formed.  Just  about  this  time 
in  the  year,  as  I  remember.  This  organization,  I  think,  was  not  formed 
to  take  undue  advantage  of  anybody,  of  any  corporation,  of  any  concern. 
If  I  have  a  proper  conception  of  the  object  of  this  organization,  it  was 
simply  to  protect  and  safeguard  the  farmers'  and  sto.ckmen's  interests 
of  the  state  of  Iowa,  and  I  think  that  the  organization  has  attended 
strictly  to  business,  and  I  think  that  we  have  enjoyed  some  beneficial 
results  that  have  been  done  through  this  organization,  and  that  this 
meeting  tonight  clearly  demonstrates  that  fact  and  the  interest  that  is 
manifested  by  you  men  who  have  come  here  to  take  part  in  this  annual 
gathering.  And  if  the  organization  is  continued  along  the  same  lines,  I 
know  of  no  reason  why  any  serious  objection  should  be  raised  to  it,  be- 
cause we  have  learned  one  thing,  gentlemen,  and  that  is  as  individ- 
uals we  do  not  count  for  much  any  more.  If  we  desire  to  accomplish 
anything  of  any  great  importance  affecting  our  own  interests,  it  l30- 
comes  necessary  for  us  to  .co-operate,  to  organize,  to  unite,  to  associate 
ourselves  together  in  a  way  that  we  can  bring  a  united  effort  to  bear  on 
certain  interests,  on  certain  measures,  on  certain  committees,  on  certain 
commissions;  and  questions  of  that  character  that  we  take  up  we  must 
take  up  in  this  way  if  we  secure  the  desired  results.  And  I  think  this 
association  has  demonstrated  the  fact  that  it  can  produce  some  very 
beneficial  results  to  the  farmers  and  live  stotk  interests  of  the  state  if 
it  is  properly  handled  and  conducted  along  the  lines  which  I  believe  it 
was  originally  intended  that  the  organization  should  be  conducted  along. 
We  have  with  us  this  evening  a  man  who  has  been  preaching  co-op- 
eration and  soil  fertility  and  diversified  farming  and  all  of  these  ques- 
tions that  confront  the  farmers  and  the  stockmen  today,  for  the  last 
twenty-five  years,  possibly  longer,  in  the  state  of  Iowa,  a  man  whom 
we  all  love  to  honor  and  to  listen  to,  a  man,  I  might  truthfully  say,  at 
whose  feet  most  of  us  have  sat  and  drank  in  the  knowledge  that  he  has 
imparted  to  us  ever  since  we  have  been  struggling  to  make  a  livelihood 
for  ourselves  and  to  care  for  our  families,  and  tonight  the  first  speaker 
on  the  program  that  I  am  going  to  introduce  is  that  gentleman.  Uncle 
Henry  Wallace.    (Applause.) 

Mr.  Henry  Wallace:  Mr.  Chairman  and  Fellow  Stockmen— It  is  a 
very  great  pleasure  for  me  to  meet  you  tonight.  I  believe  I  have  met 
you  almost  every  year.  I  know  this  association  from  its  beginning.  I 
had  something  to  do  with  the  founding  of  it,  and  of  the  guiding  of  it  in 
its  earlier  years.  And  while  you  have  been  deliberating  over  your  ban- 
quet, I  have  also  been  deliberating.  I  have  been  wondering  whether 
you  really  know  the  important  position  that  you  oc<;upy  in  the  state  of 


166  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Iowa  and  the  middle  west.  Now,  there  are  some  men  who  have  a  very 
exalted  opinion  as  to  their  position  and  their  place  in  the  world,  but 
men  who  really  do  things  are  usually  modest  ahout  it,  and  I  believe 
that  you  belong  to  the  modest  sort.  I  have  been  wondering  whether  you 
know  or  realize  hov/  much  of  the  fertility  of  Iowa,  of  the  future  citizen- 
ship of  Iowa,  of  the  future  statesmanship  of  Iowa,  depends  upon  the 
men  who  are  present  here  tonight. 

Iowa,  I  believe,  feeds  about  eighty  per  cent  of  its  corn.  There  is 
about  twenty  per  cent  of  it  that  goes  across  state  lines.  The  men  who 
are  the  best  custom^ers  for  the  corn  are  the  men  who  feed  live  stock,  and 
if  the  live  stock  business  was  to  go  out,  you  would  hear  a  wail  from  one 
end  of  the  state  to  the  other,  and  you  would  not  any  longer  talk  about 
land  worth  two,  three,  four  or  five  hundred  dollars  an  acre,  ifpon  the 
stockmen  of  Iowa,  depends  very  largely  the  maintenance  of  the  fertility 
of  her  soil,  and  there  is  no  way,  gentlemen,  of  maintaining  soil  fertility 
except  by  adding  to  it  vegetable  matter.  Twenty  years  of  farming  wears 
out  the  vegetable  matter  in  the  soil  which  the  Lord  has  been  putting 
here  for  about  7,000  years,  or  such  a  matter.  When  you  wear  that  out, 
j'-ou  must  restore  it.  How  are  you  going  to  restore  it  except  by  growing 
live  stock?  You  let  the  corn  growers  go  on  for  another  twenty-five 
years,  and  it  will  be  a  different  Iowa  from  what  you  see  now,  growing 
corn  and  sending  it  off  to  the  markets  of  the  world  for  somebody  else 
to  make  money  out  of.  \y'hat  nation  on  this  earth  ever  got  rich  by 
sending  crude  raw  material?  You  must  send  it  in  the  shape  of  the 
finished  product,  and  your  finished  product  is  live  sto.ck — the  best  cat- 
tle, the  best  hogs,  the  best  horses — I  won't  say  the  best  sheep,  but  we 
will  com.e  to  that  by  and  by — on  the  face  of  the  earth.  The  only  other 
way  you  can  do  it  is  by  growing  clover  and  plowing  it  under  once 
in  four  years,  and  you  are  not  going  to  do  that  Nobody  else  will. 
You  have  therefore  a  most  important  place  to  take  in  this  country. 

Now,  mind  you,  if  you  don't  look  out,  you  are  going  to  hear  some- 
thing drop.  Congress  can  not  stand  up  against  the  hungry  stomach, 
and  the  first  thing  you  know  the  ports  of  the  Atlantic  and  the  Gulf 
will  be  throv/n  open  to  the  cattle  from  South  America,  and  you  will 
have  to  sell  your  cattle  at  the  prices  that  the  South  Am^erican  will  ask 
for  his,  on  the  Atlantic,  Pacific  and  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Then  where 
will  the  corn  raiser  be?  For  the  next  thing  that  v/ill  follow  is  taking 
the  tariff  off  corn,  and  the  price  you  will  get  for  your  corn  is  the 
price  at  the  port,  less  what  the  railroads  charge  you.  Now  it  isn't 
these  measly  democrats  that  are  going  to  do  that  altogether.  (Laugh- 
ter.) Not  by  any  means.  It  is  the  men  who  handle  "big  business.'' 
And  there  is  no  politics  in  big  business.  We  used  to  have  a  man 
at  this  meeting  who  gave  us  some  grand  addresses.  You  know  who 
I  mean — Murdo  MacKenzie.  You  know  where  he  is  now?  In  Brazil, 
on  a  salary  of  $50,000  a  year,  looking  after  the  cattle  of  John  Rocke- 
feller and  Stillman  and  Morgan.  Those  men*  think  in  world  ideas,  and 
they  knov/  that  sooner  or  later  they  will  be  able  to  get  a  ship  subsidy 
and  throw  open  the  ports  of  the  Atlantic  to  South  American  meats. 
What  are  you  going  to  do  about  it?     So  I  might  talk  on  a  long  time. 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR   BOOK— PART   IV  167 

and  probably  not  say  anything  but  what  some  of  you  have  read  more 
or  less  in  Wallace's  Farmer  over  and  over  again.  If  you  haven't,  you 
ought  to. 

But  I  was  thinking  of  another  line,  I  was  just  wondering  if  you 
realize  how  much  of  the  best  things  in  this  world  of  the  revelations 
from  heaven  come  through  stockmen,  how  much  of  our  Bible  is  written 
by  stockmen.  I  have  commenced  to  study  the  Bible  lately.  I  have 
been  looking  at  it  also  in  the  line  of  the  sto.ck  business  as  well  as 
other  things.  Now,  it  is  supposed  that  Adam  was  a  stockman.  That 
isn't  true  at  all.  He  was  a  gardener,  a  horticulturist,  the  father  of  all 
the  insect  pests.  Of  course  they  fead  no  stock  in  the  antediluvian  days 
because  they  didn't  eat  meat.  They  were  vegetarians.  I  don't  know 
whether  that  is  why  they  lived  so  long  or  not.  But  when  you  come 
dov^^n  to  Noah,  they  were  allowed  to  eat  meat.  The  old  fellow  went 
into  the  horticultural  business  again,  and  you  know  what  happened  to 
him.  He  got  <lrunk.  Really,  the  first  great  big  stockman  was  Abraham. 
I  was  just  reading  today  about  that  long  trip  that  he  made,  six  hun- 
dred miles  northwest  to  get  over  the  fords  of  the  Euphrates  and  five 
hundred  miles  to  get  down  to  the  promised  land  of  magnificent  stock 
country.  Now,  he  traveled  and  roamed  around  there,  but  he  went 
down  to  Egypt  and  got  into  trouble  and  had  to  be  ordered  out.  And 
then  I  was  thinking  about  that  grandson  of  .his,  the  fellow  that  put 
the  spots  on  the  cattle.  If  I  ever  meet  him,  I  am  going  to  ask  him 
just  how  he  did  it,  because  I  never  could  understand  it.  (Applause.) 
Then  the  next  big  fellow  that  we  read  about  was  a  man  named  Moses, 
that  was  city  born  and  city  bred,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Egypt, 
but  he  never  amounted  to  a  hill  of  beans  till  he  got  out  in  the  country 
with  an  old  stockman,  married  his  daughter,  lived  there  forty  years, 
and  that  is  the  fellow  that  gave  us  republican  institutions,  representa- 
tive government.  And  he  got  the  idea  from  that  old  ranchman  out 
there,  his  father-in-law, 

Novv,  you  go  on  down  through  all  those  old  Scriptures,  and  you 
will  be  surprised  to  find  the  number  of  men  through  whom  God  has 
revealed  His  will  that  were  stockmen.  Take  David.  He  was  a  good 
many  other  things  besides  a  stockman;  had  some  of  the  stockman's 
faults  and  some  of  his  virtues,  a  splendid  good  fighter  and  liked  the 
women.  But  you  know  he  is  the  man  that  has  voiced  the  highest  emo- 
tions of  human  nature  in  all  ages,  and  many  of  his  old  illustrations 
are  those  of  the  stockman.  And  there  was  Solomon.  He  was  a  big 
farmer  as  well  as  a  good  many  other  things.  And  so  on,  you  might 
go  on  down  through  and  see  to  what  extent  religious  thought  and 
philosophy  and  the  highest  conceptions  come  through  men  that  were 
stockmen.  Look  at  Amos,  the  farmer  herder  of  Tekoa  and  the  gatherer 
of  sycamore  fruit.  And  do  you  know  "the  glad  tidings  of  great  joy" 
that  came  to  all  people  were  first  heard,  not  by  the  lawyers  in  the 
temple,  nor  the  priests,  but  by  shepherds  watching  their  flocks  by 
night — stockmen  like  you  and  me.     (Applause.) 

President  Sykes:  I  have  been  a  very  busy  man  today.  Somehow 
it  has   fallen  to  my  lot  to  preside  over  this  gathering  from  ten  o'clock 


168  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

this  morning  at  least  up  to  the  present  time.  I  have  done  a  great  deal 
of  talking,  as  you  v/ill  recognize  by  the  condition  of  my  voice  this 
evening,  and  I  feel  it  would  be  almost  an  imposition  upon  myself,  in 
face  of  the  fact  that  we  have  got  a  man  present  here  who  can  preside 
so  perfectly  at  a  banquet  of  this  character,  that  I  am  just  simply 
going  to  play  flunky  the  rest  of  the  evening  and  introduce  to  you  our 
worthy  secretary,  H.  C.  Wallace,  who  will  now  act  as  toastmaster  for 
the  rest  of  the  evening. 

Mr.  V/alhi.ce:  Mr.  Ingham  suggests  I  continue  the  description  on 
dow^n  through.  I  will  not  undertake  that.  This  is  an  unusual  meeting 
of  our  association  in  some  respects.  It  is  the  largest  gathering  we 
have  had  around  the  table,  larger  than  any  that  have  preceded  it. 
There  are  more  young  men  here  than  at  any  other  meeting,  which 
gives  us  a  lot  of  hope  for  the  future,  because  those  who  first  started 
this  work  are  getting  older  as  the  years  go  by,  and  the  young  men 
must  com.e  on  and  take  it  up.  It  is  unusual  for  another  thing,  for 
some  of  those  Vvho  were  the  wheel  horses  in  the  earlier  days  are  not 
here.  We  miss  them.  Some  of  them  have  dropped  by  the  way,  and  we 
mourn  for  them.  Some  of  them  have  not  been  able  to  reach  here  for 
one  reason  or  another. 

It  has  been  our  custom  in  the  past,  and  I  see  no  reason  why  we 
should  depart  from  it  now,  that  we  first  rather  renew  the  old  ties  and 
call  upon  some  of  the  men  who  were  the  powerful  forces  that  started 
this  machine  in  motion,  and  I  am  going  to  open  my  part  of  it  by  call- 
ing upon  Mr.  Ames,  our  first  president,  for  a  few  words. 

Senator  A.  L.  Ames:  Mr.  Toastmaster,  Friends  of  the  Association — I 
don't  know  what  I  have  done  to  the  toastmaster  or  to  the  members  of 
the  association  that  I  should  be  put  off  here  in  the  corner  and  given  no 
idea  that  I  was  to  be  called  upon  to  say  anything  at  all  tonight.  Your 
president  has  made  the  excuse  that  he  has  been  a  very  busy  man  all  day. 
I  might  say  that  I  have  been  a  very  busy  man  for  the  past  five  weeks.  I 
have  not  been  thinking  very  much  about  the  association.  We  have  been 
considering  highways  and  other  things  not  connected  with  highways,  that 
you  have  heard  about  more  or  less,  and  I  have  not  been  considering  what 
you  might  want  to  do  in  regard  to  the  association  meeting.  I  was  not 
able  to  be  here  this  afternoon  and  listen  to  the  different  talks  along  the 
different  subjects,  the  various  subjects  which  interest  the  farmers  and 
feeders  of  the  state.  I  wish  I  could  have  been.  The  speakers  no  doubt 
gave  you  lots  of  information  that  I  would  liked  to  have  listened  to.  We 
have  been  very  busily  engaged  here  in  a  corner  by  ourselves  figuring  out 
some  problems  of  feeding  and  discussing  other  things  of  interest. 

I  want  to  say  that  as  a  member  of  the  association  I  never  have  been 
sorry  for  a  moment  that  I  helped  in  any  way  to  organize  this  association. 
I  believe  we  have  accomplished  considerable  good.  W^e  haven't  made  very 
much  fuss  about  it.  We  have  gone  along  and  attempted  to  point  out 
some  of  the  things  that  should  be  remedied,  and  tried  to  show  the  rem- 
edy. I  think  I  can  see,  and  Uncle  Henry  has  mentioned  some  of  the 
things  that  are  going  to  be  of  vital  interest  to  the  feeders  of  this  great 
state  and  of  this  nation,  and  I  don't  believe  there  is  another  question,  any 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  169 

other  one  question,  that  is  of  such  vital  interest  today  to  the  meat-pro- 
ducing interests  of  the  United  States  as  that  of  the  ship  subsidy  proposi- 
tion. I  consider  that  the  vital  point.  Also  I  am  fearful  for  this  great 
canal  and  the  regulations  which  are  going  to  be  put  into  effect  on  the 
great  canal,  because  it  looks  to  me  to  be  the  opening  wedge  looking 
towards  the  subsidy  proposition.  And  as  sure  as  we  sit  here  tonight,  if 
that  subsidy  goes  into  effect,  you  will  find  that  our  meats  will  come 
in  competition  with  all  the  meats  of  other  countries,  and  I  believe  that  that 
will  sound  the  death-knell  to  the  present  values  that  you  are  now  re- 
ceiving, and  even  if  our  farms  are  kept  up  to  this  high  fertility  at  which 
we  now  have  them,  that  the  values  of  the  products  which  we  grow  on 
those  farms  will  be  depreciated  very  materially.  I  do  not  care  to  say 
how  much,  but  I  do  undertake  to  say  that  when  you  come  in  competition 
with  the  cheap  labor  of  South  America  and  the  Central  American  and 
Mexican  states,  that  the  values  which  we  now  get  will  be  very  materially 
depreciated.  You  need  not  think  for  a  moment  that  those  men  who  are 
thinking,  as  Uncle  Henry  says,  in  world-wide  ideas,  are  for  one  moment 
forgetting  that  they  control  today  all  of  the  machinery  for  putting  this 
meat  into  the  hands  of  the  consumer,  and  that  is-  the  first  step  which 
they  are  going  to  take  to  bring  that  into  effect,  because  the  more  that 
they  use,  the  better  opportunity  they  have  to  reap  their  reward.  It  looks 
to  me  as  if  that  was  the  keynote  to  the  situation,  and  the  thing  for  us  to 
do  is  to  put  forth  our  efforts  in  every  reasonable  way  to  hold  the  bal- 
ance of  trade  where  it  now  exists  for  us  here  in  the  United  States,  and 
that  is  one  of  the  future  things  which  this  association  must  undertake — 
the  education  of  the  people  along  those  particular  lines.     (Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster:  I  suppose  it  is  only  fair  to  the  gentlemen  whom  I 
may  call  out  to  say  that  it  has  always  been  our  custom  here  to  feel  free 
to  call  upon  any  man  who  looked  guilty,  without  any  previous  warning. 
Of  course  some  of  our  visitors  may  have  a  haunting  suspicion  that  they 
are  likely  to  be  called  out,  but  our  members  never  do  have.  I  want  to  say 
this  to  you,  that  gentlemen  in  Des  Moines  who  have  attended  our  ban- 
quets have  repeatedly  told  me  after  they  were  over  that  they  were  the 
best  banquets  and  the  best  speeches  that  they  had  heard  in  this  city. 
And  if  we  had  time  to  go  through,  I  think  we  could  take  seventy-five  per 
cent  of  the  men  who  sit  around  this  table  and  get  some  good  speeches 
from  them  without  any  previous  warning. 

Now,  I  am  going  to  follow  that  policy  tonight,  so  far  as  our  time  lasts, 
and  I  feel  perfectly  free  in  doing  it  because  I  know  our  members  H  ill 
acquit  themselves  creditably. 

We  can  not  think  back  on  the  early  days  of  the  association  and  the 
fight  we  have  been  through  without  unconsciously  thinking  of  one  man 
who  bears  a  good  many  scars  in  our  behalf.  He  has  reached  what  may 
seem  to  us  pleasanter  days  just  now  than  he  enjoyed  with  us  a  few  years 
ago,  and  yet  I  venture  to  say  that  if  he  told  the  real  story  of  his  expe- 
riences the  past  year,  he  would  say  that  the  troubles  he  had  in  our  as- 
sociation were  small  indeed  compared  with  what  he  has  had  since  he  left 


170  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

it.     I  refer  to  Mr.  Thorne,  our  old  attorney,  and  now  a  member  of  our 
railroad  commission.    We  always  like  to  hear  from  him.     (Applause.) 

Mr.  Clifford  Thorne:  Members  of  the  Corn  Belt  Meat  Producers'  As- 
sociation— It  of  course  always  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  face  this  crowd 
of  men,  and  I  owe  so  much  to  you  that  I  always  feel  when  I  come  before 
you  that  it  is  up  to  me  to  give  sort  of  an  annual  report  of  what  I  have 
been  doing.  I  got  that  habit  from  the  old  days.  And  I  am  going  to  de- 
scribe just  a  few  things  that  I  have  witnessed  during  the  past  year,  be- 
cause I  believe  that  you  ought  to  realize  that  you  are  still  keeping  up  the 
fight. 

About  two  or  three  weeks  ago,  I  was  in  a  room  about  this  size,  or 
s.maller,  and  there  was  present  in  that  room  and  arguing  against  a  prop- 
osition for  which  I  was  fighting,  a  man  about  sixty  years  old,  a  man  who 
is  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  representing  all  the  railroads  in 
the  United  States.  Think  of  it!  One  man,  the  authorized  representative 
of  companies  owning  fifteen  billion  dollars'  worth  of  property,  with  an 
annual  income  of  over  two  billion.  It  is  such  scenes  as  that  that  make 
me  realize  so  strongly  the  necessity  for  organization  on  our  part.  And 
during  days  of  peace  and  quiet,  don't  forget  to  draw  the  lines  tighter 
and  get  ready  for  some  scrap  that  may  loom  up  in  the  near  future. 

Ycu  folks  are  trying  to  make  two  grains  of  corn  grow  where  one 
grew  before.  That  is  important.  Some  man  has  said  that  the  greatest 
of  people  are  those  that  can  make  two  blades  of  grass  grow  where  one 
grew  before.  But  that  is  only  half  of  the  task.  After  the  grass  grows, 
it  is  somewhat  Important  to  know  who  gets  the  grass.  (Laughter.)  I 
would  not  care  much  if  you  produced  four  times  as  much  corn  as  you 
do  today  if  J.  Pierpont  Morgan  got  all  the  corn.  The  question  of  who 
shall  own  the  corn  is  of  equal  significance  with  the  problem  of  raising 
more  corn. 

In  dealing  with  these  problems,  we  have  devised  different  methods  of 
work,  and  during  the  past  year  I  have  had  occasion  to  study  somewhat 
the  methods,  of  considering  them,  threshing  them  out,  and  reaching  con- 
clusions. Eight  western  state  commissioners  joined  in  filing  a  brief  in 
the  United  States  Supreme  Court  in  the  Sanborn  rate  case.  We  have 
taken  the  position  that  state  regulation  is  worth  preserving.  And,  after 
all,  the  final  conclusion  upon  these  great  problems  rests  a  great  deal  upon 
your  conclusions.  The  leaders  are  merely  our  servants.  They  look  to 
you  and  to  me  to  know  what  they  ought  to  say  and  what  they  ought  to 
do.  Now,  is  it  wise  to  do  away  with  state  regulation?  If  it  is  wise  to 
drop  state  regulation  as  to  railroads,  why  not  drop  it  as  to  all  other 
interstate  commerce?  And  remember  interstate  commerce  is  making  up 
today  the  great  bulk  of  all  the  business  of  this  nation.  This,  delicate  bal- 
ance between  the  state  and  federal  government  is  the  chief  distinguishing 
characteristic  of  the  American  form  of  government.  That  is  the  feature 
that  distinguishes  our  government  from  all  other  nations  in  the  past. 
Greece  and  Rome,  other  countries,  have  tried  federal  government,  but 
they  generally  failed.  It  was  not  till  America  came  along  and  demon- 
gtrated  to  the  world  that  it  was  practicable  to  join  and  combine  that 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  171 

great  central  government  with  local  home  rule  that  we  compelled  peace 
and  respect  and  order  at  home  and  abroad.  That  is  what  state  govern- 
ment is. 

Let  me  give  you  a  concrete  illustration  of  what  it  means,  this  home 
rule,  as  compared  to  national  government  rule.  Suppose  the  Iowa  State 
Railroad  Commission  should  advance  freight  rates  on  canned  fruit  and 
vegetables,  and  two  thousand  other  articles.  Wouldn't  there  be  a  howl 
raised  over  this  state?  You  would  demand  the  reason  for  it.  That  is 
precisely  what  has  been  going  on  in  the  nation.  It  is  so  far  away  that 
we  hardly  realize  it  when  it  does  occur.  You  have  heard  a  great  deal 
about  the  woolen  schedule,  and  Schedule  K  is  almost  a  household  term. 
I  wonder  what  ones  of  you  here  realize  that  during  the  past  year  the 
railroads  proposed  an  advance  on  canned  fruits  and  vegetables  throughout 
this  whole  v/estern  part  of  the  nation.  The  action  of  the  state  govern- 
ment is  closer  home.  A  few  men  can  get  together  and  push  through  a 
proposition  of  importance.  You  yourselves  know  that  a  few  people  in 
this  association  were  able  to  do  it.  Y&u  folks  were  able  to  suggest  a  com- 
merce counsel  law  in  Iowa,  a  department  of  government  of  great  impor- 
tance and  value.  If  that  had  been  undertaken  in  the  nation,  you  would 
have  failed.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  it  has  been  undertaken  in  the  nation, 
and  it  has  failed  up  to  the  present  time.    But  we  succeeded  in  Iowa. 

A  few  years  ago  we  adopted  an  anti-discrimination  law,  compelling  the 
sale  of  products  for  the  same  price  in  different  parts  of  the  state,  after 
making  due  allowance  in  the  freight  rates.  That  law  has  been  copied  in 
a  dozen  different  states  in  the  nation.  It  has  since  been  upheld  by  the 
supreme  court  of  Iowa,  and  a  dozen  different  courts.  That  same  law  they 
tried  to  introduce  in  the  nation,  and  it  never  got  through.  It  is  not  yet 
made  a  statute  by  congress,  and  it  probably  will  not  be  for  years  and 
years  to  come.  You  had  slavery  abolished  in  this  country  in  states  long 
before  you  ever  had  slavery  abolished  in  the  nation.  You  had  a  pure  food 
law  in  the  states  before  you  had  it  in  the  nation.  You  had  temperance 
law^s  in  the  states  long  before  you  had  them  in  the  nation,  and  the  action 
just  recently  of  the  United  States  congress  recognizing  and  enforcing  the 
action  of  the  state  relative  to  temperance  laws  drives  home  the  value 
and  the  importance  of  having  state  regulation.  I  hope  that  this  system 
of  state  and  national  government  will  continue.  Every  important  step 
of  progress  along  these  lines  during  the  past  generation  has  originated 
with  the  states  and  not  with  the  nation.  We  had  regulation  in  this  state 
twenty  years  ago — the  real  article  twenty  years  before  they  ever  had  it 
in  the  nation.  Fifteen  or  twenty  years  ago  the  supreme  court  said  valu- 
ation was  the  basis  of  all  rate  making,  and  there  have  been  ten  different 
states  valued  their  property  since  then,  and  congress  has  been  dilly-dal- 
lying with  it  all  these  years,  doing  nothing  and  accomplishing  nothing 
along  those  lines.  I  simply  want  to  impress  upon  you  what  I  think  is 
one  of  the  important  lessons  that  I  have  learned  during  the  past  year, 
that  there  is  value  in  the  state  government,  in  the  preservation  of  her 
proper  functions,  and  I  hope  you  will  jealously  do  your  part  in  guarding 
that. 


172  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

One  other  matter  that  I  have  been  interested  in  during  the  past  year 
relates  to  the  valuation  of  railroad  properties.  I  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  valuation  of  American  railroads  of  the  National  Association 
of  Railway  Commissioners.  Now  there  is  a  popular  belief  that  the  regu- 
lation of  watered  stock  is  the  cure-all  of  many  of  our  questions  in  regard 
to  public  service  regulations.  Many  people  think  that  when  a  company 
Issues  a  hundred  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  stock  that  they  are  entitled  to 
a  return  on  it.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  there  is  not  a  court  in  the  land  that 
holds  that  to  be  true  that  I  know  of.  I  examined  the  records  of  ten  dif- 
ferent states  that  had  valued  their  railroad  properties  last  year.  Not 
one  of  those  states  used  capitalization  as  the  basis.  In  the  Knoxville  water 
case,  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States  computed  and  estimated  what 
should  be  the  basis  for  the  return,  and  they  totally  disregard  all  matters 
of  capitalization.  In  the  Consolidated  Gas  case  the  same  is  true.  They 
are  not  entitled  to  a  return  on  the  capitalization.  They  are  entitled  to  a 
return  upon  the  value. 

But  the  amazing  thing  is  the  great  diversity  in  methods  of  finding 
value.  No  two  men,  I  find,  could  go  to  work  and  value  the  same  piece 
of  property  and  reach  conclusion,  one  fifty  per  cent  greater  than  the 
other,  though  one  was  just  as  honest  as  the  other.  A  few  years  ago  a 
man  up  in  Michigan  valued  the  property  of  one  railroad.  Two  years  ago 
he  valued  the  same  railroad  for  precisely  the  same  purposes.  Remember, 
this  is  the  same  man.  And  he  got  a  value  of  $20,000,000  greater  than  the 
other  time,  when  he  valued  it  two  years  prior,  and  there  had  been  no 
substantial  addition  to  the  property  in  the  meantime  at  all. 

I  found  a  fellow  in  Michigan  who  said  on  the  little  items  of  con- 
tingencies a  railroad  should  be  allowed  ten  per  cent — an  able  and  compe- 
tent man.  A  fellow  dov^'n  in  Oklahoma,  at  the  head  of  their  engineering 
department,  said  two  per  cent  is  enough.  There  is  a  difference  of  eight 
per  cent.  What  will  that  mean  if  congress  during  the  next  few  days 
makes  a  national  valuation  required  by  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commis- 
sion? It  means  a  variation  according  to  current  methods,  of  more  than 
a  billion  dollars  on  that  one  item  of  contingencies. 

On  interest  during  construction  there  is  another  problem.  They  agree 
that  five  or  six  per  cent  is  a  reasonable  rate,  but  they  don't  agree  over 
what  period  the  road  should  be  constructed.  Over  in  Kansas  it  takes 
about  a  year  to  construct  a  hundred  miles.  Over  in  Nebraska,  right  across 
the  line  north  of  it,  they  say  it  takes  four  years  to  construct  a  hundred 
miles.  There  is  a  big  variation.  Over  in  Minnesota  they  say  a  railroad 
is  entitled  to  a  return  on  the  value  of  its  real  estate.  In  Wisconsin  they 
say  it  is  entitled  to  three  times  the  value  of  its  real  estate.  There  is  an- 
other variation  of  several  hundred  millions. 

You  talk  about  these  questions  of  graft  and  dishonesty.  Those  are 
small  and  insignificant  compared  to  the  determination  of  some  of  those 
technical  problems  of  engineering  questions.  The  great  Gould  scandal 
only  involved  twenty-three  million  dollars.  The  great  Northwestern  Pa- 
cific steal  only  involved  about  seventy  million  dollars.  In  the  little 
question  of  contingencies  there  is  a  thousand  million  dollars  involved.  All 
of  the  £ra.ft  in  our  insurance  companies,  all  of  the  graft  in  the  history 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV       173 

of  American  railroads,  since  they  were  first  constructed  down  to  the 
present  time,  all  put  together,  is  not  of  so  great  importance — measured 
by  the  standard  of  dollars  and  cents — as  the  little  problem  of  whether 
you  shall  allow  two  per  cent  or  ten  per  cent,  for  contingencies  in  estimat- 
ing the  value  of  a  property.  The  questions  of  watered  stock  and  high 
finance  are  exciting  and  sensational,  but  when  it  comes  down  to  bedrock, 
the  great  questions  which  you  have  to  deal  with  are  not  steals  and  grafts 
so  much  as  these  business  questions.  I  think  we  are  learning  that  fact 
more  and  more  as  we  get  further  into  the  discussion  of  these  subjects. 

Last  summer  there  was  an  advance  proposed  in  the  freight  rates  on 
butter,  poultry  and  eggs.  Ordinarily  that  would  have  gone  through  with- 
out any  trouble.  Now  you  people  are  interested  in  that  proposition.  I 
have  told  it  to  a  number  of  people  before,  but  I  have  not  described  it  to 
the  organization,  and  I  think  that  you  would  be  vitally  concerned.  I 
asked  the  dairy  and  food  department  about  what  was  the  volume  of  the 
movement  from  Iowa  to  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  they  told  me.  I  confirmed 
that  by  reference  to  the  State  Poultry  Association,  and  I  found  that  that 
one  little  advance  on  butter,  poultry  and  eggs,  if  allowed  to  go  into  ef- 
fect, would  cost  this  state  over  $360,000  a  year.  The  matter  was  pre- 
sented to  the  official  classification  committee  in  New  York  City  by  your 
commerce  counsel  Judge  Henderson,  and  myself,  and  the  advance  was 
,not  put  into  effect.  I  am  saying  these  two  things  right  in  the  same 
breath,  so  as  to  give  the  proper  impression.  I  don't  want  to  make  the 
claim  that  we  caused  it,  that  we  prevented  it  going  into  effect,  and  yet  as 
a  matter  of  fact,  it  did  not  go  into  effect.  That  is  merely  an  example  of 
hundreds  and  hundreds  of  items  that  concern  us.  These  questions,  these 
problems  that  we  are  dealing  with,  are  subjects  that  we  must  approach 
from  a  business  standpoint,  without  heat,  and  at  the  same  time  fairly  and 
honestly.  I  believe  that  you  men  out  here  on  these  broad  western  prai- 
ries, far  from  the  mad  mobs  and  frenzied  financiers  of  the  cities — I  be- 
lieve that  you  men  will  be  the  arbiters  of  the  destinies  of  this  nation,  and 
when  it  comes  to  the  solution  of  these  great  questions  that  are  challenging 
the  attention  of  thinking  men  of  today,  that  you  people  will  do  more  than 
any  other  body  of  people  towards  reaching  a  fair  and  just  conclusion  and 
determination  of  those  questions  to  the  best  interests  of  our  country.  I 
thank  you.     (Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster:  The  members  of  this  association  have  always 
shown  a  very  lively  interest  in  it,  and  a  great  many  of  our  friends  have 
shown  an  interest  in  it — a  great  many  of  the  citizens  generally  who 
are  not  especially  allied  with  the  agricultural  interests  have  neverthe- 
less watched  our  course  with  considerable  interest.  And  there  is  an- 
other class  of  gentlemen  who  have  apparently  kept  interested.  I  refer 
to  cur  railroad  friends.  We  have  found  them  whenever  we  appeared  be- 
fore the  state  commission  or  before  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission. 
If  we  have  gone  before  a  legislative  committee,  we  have  found  them 
there.  And  tonight,  for  the  first  time,  I  think,  although  that  is  not  our 
fault,  we  have  some  of  them  with  us.  And  I  want  to  say  for  the  gentle- 
man whom  I  am  going  to  introduce  now.  that  while  we  havp>  been  on 


174  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

opposite  sides  of  the  fence  most  of  the  time,  we  have  been  opposed  to 
each  other  almost  every  place  we  have  met,  yet  we  have  always  found  in 
him  a  clean,  fair  fighter,  and  a  thoroughly  kind,  considerate  gentleman, 
whom  it  has  been  a  pleasure  to  meet,  although  our  interests  have  usually 
been  exactly  opposite.  I  refer  to  Judge  Davis,  the  Iowa  attorney  of  the 
Chicago  and  North  Western,  and  we  would  like  to  hear  from  him.  (Ap- 
plause.) 

Mr.  James  C.  Davis:  Mr.  Chairman,  and  My  Brother  Beef  Growers  of 
Iowa  (Applause):  Some  gentleman  met  me  the  other  day,  and  he  said: 
"Davis,  how  do  you  feel  when  the  legislature  is  in  session?"  I  tried  to 
make  an  answer,  but  the  other  night  I  was  at  the  theater  and  one  of  the 
actors  described  another  one  who  was  in  love  as  having,  "a  God-save-us 
look  in  his  eye,"  and  I  thought  that  might  describe  my  general  feeling 
while  the  legislature  is  in  session.      (Laughter.) 

I  don't  know  whether  you  gentlemen  know  it,  but  I  am  really  qualified 
to  be  a  member  in  good  standing  of  this  association.  I  have  three  cows. 
(Laughter.)  I  have  a  Jersey,  I  have  a  Short-horn,  and  I  have  a  Holstein. 
And  I  use  the  Holstein  milk  to  water  the  Jersey  with.  (Laughter.)  I 
said  to  my  man  the  other  day — he  is  selling  milk — I  work  for  the  rail- 
road, and  try  to  earn  money  enough  to  keep  the  place  going.  He  told  me 
he  had  sold  269  quarts  of  milk  in  January,  and  I  said,  "William,  what 
are  you  getting?"  He  said,  "I  am  getting  ten  cents  a  quart."  I  said, 
"That  is  a  pretty  good  price,  isn't  it?"  "Well,"  he  says,  "I  am  selling 
it  all  as  Jersey  milk."  (Laughter.)  I  said,  "How  do  you  do  it?"  And  he 
said,  "The  Holstein  gives  most  of  the  milk,  but  I  just  flavor  it  a  little 
with  the  Jersey."  It  made  me  think,  and  you  will  recognize  I  am  getting 
into  pretty  high-class  in  this  milk  business.     (Laughter.) 

I  wish  that  the  men  who  represent  the  railroads  and  the  men  that  are 
the  bone  and  sinew  of  Iowa,  as  you  men  are,  could  get  a  little  closer  to- 
gether. I  wish  I  could  get  Senator  Doran  to  believe  me  when  I  make 
some  statement  about  railroads.  You  know  I  am  pretty  familiar  with 
most  of  you.  There  is  Bill  Drury,  and  Justin  Doran,  and  Mr.  Ames,  and 
Brady — we  all  served  in  the  thirty-second  together.  We  are  like  veter- 
ans. When  we  get  together,  we  talk  over  our  trials  and  battles,  and  I 
generally  talk  of  my  defeats.  I  have  no  victories.  The  truth  of  it  is 
that  if  you  would  just  take  my  standpoint  and  look  at  this  situation — 
ordinarily  there  are  about  seventy-five  or  eighty  railroad  bills  introduced 
in  the  legislature — all  of  them  bad,  as  a  general  rule.  (Laughter.)  Most 
of  them  are  not  introduced  to  pass. 

I  heard  a  story  of  a  gentleman  who  visited  a  farmer  who  was  very 
prosperous  and  well-to-do,  and  the  farmer  had  a  great,  big,  black  dog  with 
a  fierce  bark.  The  farm  was  threaded  by  a  railroad  that  ran  along,  and 
every  time  one  of  the  big  transcontinental  trains  came  along  that 
wouldn't  stop  at  Buckingham,  Ames,  one  of  those  you  see  go  by  and 
want  to  stop  and  won't,  this  dog  would  run  out  and  bark  and  run  after 
it  till  he  had  run  himself  down.  And  the  man  said  "Why  don't  you 
break  that  dog  of  chasing  trains?"  "Oh,"  said  the  farmer,  "it  helps  the 
dog,  and  it  doesn't  hurt  the  railroad."     (Laughter.) 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  175 

But,  seriously,  gentlemen,  you  men  represent  the  great  wealth  of 
Iowa.  You  represeat  the  thirty-five  millions  of  broad,  fertile  acres  that 
make  this  state  great  and  prosperous.  In  a  rather  humble  capacity,  I 
represent  one  of  the  railroads  that  serves  you.  It  has  been  stated  a  great 
many  times  that  we  have  ten  thousand  miles  of  railroad  here  in  Iowa. 
Our  population  is  comparatively  sparse.  We  have  only  about  215  men 
for  each  mile  of  railroad.  And  when  you  come  to  think  of  the  business 
that  the  railroads  do  for  you  here  in  Iowa,  I  want  to  say  to  you  that  it 
is  largely  interstate.  Mr.  Thorne  suggested,  and  there  is,  a  great  strug- 
gle going  on  now  as  to  whether  the  United  States  of  America,  with  the 
great  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  shall  control  the  railroads,  or 
whether  there  will  be  that  constant  clashing  and  that  serious  question 
all  the  time  as  to  whether  this  is  local  or  whether  it  is  interstate,  but  I 
want  you  to  think  just  a  moment  of  Iowa. 

The  local  freight  business  in  Iowa  does  not  amount  to  ten  per  cent  of 
the  business  that  the  railroads  do  here.  Why?  The  whole  state  of  Iowa 
is  engaged  in  practically  the  same  business.  We  are  all  in  the  agricul- 
tural business.  Every  county  raises  a  surplus.  No  one  county  sells  corn 
to  another  county  in  Iowa.  No  one  county  sells  cattle  to  another  county 
in  Iowa.  The  truth  of  it  is  that  the  great  products  of  Iowa  go  on  these 
long  interstate  journeys.  Now  here  is  the  serious  problem.  I  don't  claim 
that  I  am  any  better  than  anybody  else,  but  simply"  because  I  represent 
a  railroad,  I  want  to  stand  with  other  people  and  be  ranked  as  a  good 
citizen.  I  have  got  just  as  many  children  as  Harry  Wallace — just  ex- 
actly. I  don't  know  but  what  if  we  live  ten  years,  I  will  beat  him. 
(Laughter.)  We  are  both  of  us  industrious  and  both  of  us  red-headed. 
Why  should  we  not  succeed?  (Laughter.)  But  what  I  plead  for  is  a 
little  better  acquaintance.  I  say,  here  is  the  North  Western  railroad,  with 
1,700  miles  of  road,  here  in  your  state.  We  are  assessed  for  taxation  at 
fifty  millions  of  dollars.  Isn't  it  necessary  that  someone  shall  stand  for 
that  property  and  try  to  protect  it?  Should  I  be  criticized  if  I  go  before 
the  legislature  with  my  friend  Wallace,  for  whom  I  not  only  have  a  very 
sincere  affection  but  a  high  regard?  There  was  a  time  when  Mr.  Thorne 
and  I  did  not  know  each  other  very  well,  but  we  are  getting  better  ac- 
quainted as  we  go  along,  and  we  are  getting  to  be  mutual  respecters  of 
each  other.  Why,  when  this  Corn  Belt  Meat  Producers  Association  came 
into  existence,  I  think  Jimmy  Ryan  was  your  first  secretary.  And  Jimmy 
came  down  and  spent  about  ten  days,  and  went  up  to  Fort  Dodge.  Some- 
body said  to  him,  "Jimmy,  how  did  you  get  along  up  there?"  He  says, 
"Fine."  "Did  you  meet  the  railrbad  fellows?"  "Oh,  yes,"  he  said,  "I  got 
pretty  well  acquainted  with  them."  "What  kind  of  fellows  are  they?" 
"Oh,"  he  says,  "they  aren't  so  bad.  Why,  there's  that  fellow  Davis  that 
represents  the  North  Western.  He  is  so  dog-gone  ugly  he  is  fascinating." 
(Laughter.)  So  if  we  could  just  get  a  little  better  acquainted,  if  you 
could  understand  the  railroad  business  a  little  better,  if  we  could  under- 
stand your  business  a  little  bit  better,  there  is  no  reason  why  we  should 
not  get  along  better  together. 

I  undertake  to  say  that  the  relations  between  the  people  of  the  state 
of  Iowa  and  the  railroads  were  never  fairer,  never  cleaner,  and  should  be 


176  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

more  cordial  now  than  at  any  time  in  the  history  of  the  state.  There  is 
no  discrimination.  There  is  no  free  transportation.  We  have  been  legis- 
lated out  of  politics.  I  am  a  retired  politician.  I  am  not  in  politics  any 
longer.  And  I  don't  see  why  we  should  not  meet  and  settle  these  questions 
as  business  men.  You  can't  be  prosperous  without  the  railroads  prosper. 
You  can't  let  the  railroads  fall  into  discredit  and  bankruptcy  without 
feeling  the  effect  of  it  yourselves.  Born  here  in  the  state  of  Iowa,  having 
the  same  pride  of  state  that  you  men  have,  rearing  my  family  in  the 
same  way  that  you  people  rear  yours,  why  shouldn't  we  railroad  men  be 
able  to  meet  you  on  a  fair,  square  plane  of  equality,  man  to  man,  and 
thresh  our  business  propositions  out  as  business  men,  in  fairness  and 
without  prejudice?  That  is  what  I  stand  for,  and  that  is  what  I  hope 
some  day  to  see  accomplished.    I  thank  you,  gentlemen.     (Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster:  A  good  many  years  ago — don't  know  just  how- 
many — seven  or  eight,  I  think — we  had  the  governor  of  this  state.  He 
addressed  us,  I  think,  in  the  old  Y.  M.  C.  A.  auditorium.  I  don't  know' 
what  impression  he  made  on  the  others  of  you  who  are  here  tonight,  and 
who  heard  him  then,  but  he  said  one  thing  that  stuck  in  my  mind. 
Towards  the  close  of  his  address,  he  said:  "You  people  are  alive  now. 
You  have  already  accomplished  some  good.  For  goodness'  sake,  stay 
alive."  That  comes  back  to  me  every  time  we  have  our  annual  meeting. 
We  have  with  us  tonight  fcr  the  first  time  since  then  another  governor 
of  Iowa,  Governor  Clarke,  whom  I  am  going  to  introduce  at  this  time. 
(Applause.) 

Governor  George  W.  Clarke:  Mr.  Toastmaster  and  Gentlemen — I  sup- 
pose I  am  treated  tonight  exactly  as  all  the  other  men  have  been  treated 
who  have  spoken — simply  called  upon  without  having  had  an  opportun- 
ity to  know  that  we  were  going  to  be  called  on.  If  I  make  half  as  good 
a  speech  as  the  other  men  have  made  here  tonight,  I  will  have  made  a 
good  speech,  because  their  speeches  were  extraordinarily  good  to  my 
mind,  every  one  of  them.  W^e  have  gone  back  here  in  these  speeches  to 
Moses  and  Abraham,  and  all  the  way  from  that  time  down  to  the  present 
time,  and  the  discussion  of  the  North  Western  railroad.  I  found  out 
Abraham  was  a  stockman,  and  Moses  v/as,  and  pretty  near  all  of  the 
other  old  Bible  worthies  were  stockmen,  and  I  wondered  w^hile  Mr.  Wal- 
lace was  speaking  if  they  had  any  such  stock  in  those  days  as  you  men 
have.  I  don't  believe  they  had.  I  don't  believe  they  had  the  fine  stock 
in  that  time  that  we  have  today.  And  then  I  began  to  ask  myself  the 
question,  "After  all,  aren't  we  just  beginning  in  this  world?"  I  rather 
think  that  we  are. 

We  hadn't  made  very  much  progress  up  to  seventy-five  or  a  hundred 
years  ago  from  the  days  of  Abraham  and  Moses.  Not  any  at  all,  I  guess, 
as  far  as  transportation  is  concerned.  Mr.  Davis  has  been  talking  about 
that.  Our  transportation  at  that  time  was  exactly  the  same  that  they 
had  in  the  days  of  Abraham,  and  he  was  dozing  before  his  tent  down  in 
the  land  they  called  Uz,  or  some  other  country  down  there,  anyhow.  Ex- 
actly the  same  sort  of  transportation  then.  But  we  have  made  a  great 
deal  of  progress  in  the  last  seventy-five  or  ^  hundred  years.    These  rail- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV       177 

roads  have  all  been  built  in  this  country.  This  country  has  been  deveh 
oped  within  that  time,  and  this  stock  that  you  men  own  has  been  devel- 
oped so  that  it  is  a  higher  grade  and  a  better  grade  of  stock  than  Moses 
or  Abraham  or  any  other  man  that  lived  back  of  a  hundred  years  ago 
ever  knew  of  or  thought  of  having.  The  fact  of  the  business  is  that  there 
was  no  man  that  lived  a  hundred  years  ago  who  ever  thought  that  we 
would  have  such  a  country  as  we  have  here  now.  Absolutely  beyond  the 
dream  of  any  man  who  lived  a  hundred  years  ago.  And  yet  I  think  we 
are  just  simply  beginning  in  this  country — just  beginning. 

We  are  just  beginning  to  do  things  after  a  permanent  sort  of  a  fashion, 
just  beginning  to  think  of  questions  of  that  kind.  We  are  just  beginning 
to  deal  with  the  great  problems  with  which  hum.an  life  has  to  do,  and  it 
has  to  do  witli  our  methods  of  living  and  with  the  advancement  of  man- 
kind. Only  a  few  days  ago  the  fire  marshal  over  here  laid  on  my  desk 
his  report,  and  I  looked  over  it,  and  I  saw  a  report  of  the  fires  in  the 
state  of  Iowa,  something  like  three  thousand  of  them,  with  millions  of 
dol'ars  of  loss.  And  then  I  thought  we  are  just  beginning  to  build  perma- 
nent buildings  here  in  Iowa,  fireproof  buildings.  Just  beginning,  I  say,  to 
do  things  in  a  permanent  sort  of  way,  getting  our  civilization,  if  you  please, 
upon  a  permanent,  lasting  foundation.  It  never  has  been  in  the  history 
of  the  world  upon  what  we  call  a  permanent,  sound,  solid  foundation. 

And  so  I  say  v*'e  are  coming  up  here  tonight  and  discussing  these 
questions  here,  and  although  the  world  is  thousands  of  years  old,  we  are 
just  at  the  beginning,  and  it  doth  not  yet  appear  what  we  shall  be.  But 
I  tell  you  we  do  know  that  here  in  Iowa  we  shall  be  one  of  the  greatest 
states  in  the  Union.  Mr.  Thorne,  over  there,  talked  about  the  commerce 
of  this  country,  and  about  the  control  of  commercial  affairs  in  this  coun- 
try, about  state  and  interstate  commerce,  and  the  thought  occurred  to  me 
that  after  all  a  country  is  just  exactly  what  its  commerce  is,  no  more  nor 
no  less.  Its  commerce  measures  exactly  what  a  country  or  what  a  people 
is.  It  is  an  exact  measure  of  it.  And  whoever,  if  you  please,  controls  the 
commerce  of  a  country  controls  the  destiny  of  that  country.     (Applause.) 

Men  talk  about  these  great  transcontinental  lines  of  railroad  across 
this  country  and  the  wonderful  traffic  that  is  carried  by  them,  absolutely 
beyond  the  conception  of  any  man  who  sits  at  these  tables  tonight,  these 
arteries  of  commerce  here.  They  constitute  the  very  life-blood  of  this 
nation,  the  very  life-blood  of  it.  And  I  say  measures  what  this  nation  is 
and  what  the  commerce  of  this  country  is  to  be  in  the  future,  is  an 
exact  measure  and  prophecy  of  what  this  nation  shall  be  in  the  future. 
And  I  think  it  is  absolutely  essential  that  the  people  of  this  country 
control,  if  you  please,  the  commerce  and  the  traffic  and  the  means  of 
transportation,  because  if  they  do  they  control  the  destinies,  I  say,  of  the 
country.  So  I  think,  with  others  who  have  spoken  tonight,  that  it  is  ab- 
solutely essential  that  there  should  be  this  control.  But  Mr.  Davis  sug- 
gests, why  can't  we  move  right  along  together?  And  why  not  now, 
when  you  come  to  think  of  that  question?  Are  your  interests  any  differ- 
ent, after  all,  from  the  interests  of  the  railway  company?  Are  not  your 
interests  mutual?     Can  the  one  be  developed  without  the  other  develop- 

la  . 


178  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

ing?  Can  there  be  any  business  growth  if  the  other  is  depreciated  in  its 
capacity  to  add  to  what  it  has  accomplished?  We  must  all  go  up  to- 
gether. There  is  no  question  about  that  at  all,  and  our  interests  are 
absolutely  mutual  interests.  But  I  need  not  say  anything  further  along 
that  line.  These  are  suggestions  that  come  to  my  mind  from  what  has 
been  said  here  by  those  who  have  spoken  before.  I  have  suggested  that 
we  are  just  beginning  in  this  country,  and  I  think  that  is  true.  The 
world  has  just  reached  a  point,  if  you  please,  a  point  of  vantage.  It  has 
just  planted  its  feet  now  upon  a  vantage  ground  from  which  it  can  be- 
gin to  grow  and  develop  into  a  mighty  country,  into  a  great  world,  if 
you  please,  and  everything  that  we  are  doing  now  or  trying  to  do  is 
suggesting  this  tonight. 

You  take  the  legislature  over  here.  What  are  we  talking  about  over 
here?  What  thoughts  are  in  the  minds  of  the  people.  Why,  the  thought 
of  the  people  is,  we  must  begin  to  grow,  to  develop.  In  other  words, 
Iowa,  if  you  please,  must  put  on  some  new  clothes.  It  has  worn  its  old 
clothes  practically  out,  not  quite  down  to  the  seat  of  its  pants  or  the 
knees  of  its  breeches,  but  that  is  the  way  people  are  beginning  to  feel,  any- 
way. So  we  are  beginning  to  make  permanent  roads,  beginning  to  talk 
about  better  school  facilities,  beginning  to  talk  about  public  utilities  bills, 
and  workingmen's  compensation  acts.  These  are  things  that  were  not 
thought  of  or  talked  about  twenty-five  years  ago,  if  you  please.  All  in- 
dicating the  growth  of  the  public  thought  and  the  development  that  lies 
right  ahead  of  us  in  this  country.  And  so  I  want  to  congratulate  you,  if 
you  please,  that  you  come  together  to  discuss  these  questions  of  mutual 
interest,  and  I  say  they  are  of  mutual  interest;  and,  whatever  you  do,  it 
doesn't  make  any  difference  what  it  is,  is  helpful  to  another.  I  think 
that  any  man's  life  is  helpful  to  all  other  lives  if  it  is  any  sort  of  a 
decent  life  at  all.    I  think  that  is  true  with  what  a  man  does. 

Now  there  may  be  men  here,  there  may  be  men  in  this  city,  who  are 
simply  giving  themselves  to  making  money  simply  for  the  purpose  of 
establishing  a  fine  home,  rearing  their  family,  and  all  that  kind  of  thing, 
but  whatever  his  notion  may  be  of  what  he  is  doing  or  what  he  is  going 
to  accomplish,  he  can  not  do  it  without  helping  you  and  without  helping 
me,  and  without  helping  us  all.  I  don't  know  how  I  can  better  illustrate 
my  thought  so  you  will  get  it  than  by  saying:  You  go  up  and  down  the 
avenue  out  here.  It  is  a  beautiful  avenue  out  here  in  the  city  of  Des 
Moines,  beautiful  homes,  fine  homes.  Nobody  can  go  up  and  down  that 
avenue  at  certain  seasons  without  admiration  for  those  homes  and  the 
beautiful  surroundings  that  are  there,  the  good  taste  that  has  been  de- 
veloped, and  all  that  kind  of  thing.  That  man  who  built  the  home  on  the 
avenue,  if  you  please,  may  have  thought  of  nothing  more  than  simply  the 
expenditure  of  his  money  and  perhaps  a  selfish  interest  in  building  a 
home,  but  throughout  all  time,  so  long  as  that  home  is  there  and  those 
beautiful  grounds  are  there,  every  man  that  passes  up  and  down  that 
avenue  receives  a  benefit  from  it  and  an  enjoyment  in  it,  and  he  makes 
a  contribution,  if  you  please,  to  society  and  to  the  state.  So  I  say  it 
floes  not  make  much   difference  what  our  lives  are,  if  they  are  along 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  179 

decent  lines  at  all,  they  are  helpful  in  spite  of  ourselves.  And  so  when 
you  come  here  tonight  in  this  gathering  to  discuss  questions  of  interest, 
you  are  helping  all  Iowa. 

There  was  a  thought  suggested  by  Mr.  Thorne  a  while  ago  that  here 
in  this  country,  compared  with  other  countries,  I  thought  of  the  refer- 
ence Mr.  Green,  in  his  history  of  the  English  people,  made  in  closing  up 
that  history,  referring  to  the  conditions  in  England  and  in  Germany,  the 
old  civilizations  of  the  world  and  what  had  happened  there,  and  he  wound 
up  by  saying:  "Not  along  the  Thames,  not  along  the  Rhine,  not  in  the 
old  countries  of  the  world,  but  along  the  Mississippi  river,  in  North 
America,  are  the  great  problems  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  to  be  worked 
out."  And  that  is  where  you  live,  if  you  please,  in  the  heart  of  the  Ameri- 
can continent,  upon  that  great  river.  You  live  in  a  country,  if  you  please, 
which  has  in  the  fertility  of  its  soil  and  in  its  promise  of  the  future, 
greater  promise  than  any  other  in  the  world,  and  when  we  have  the  great 
population  that  we  shall  have  here  in  the  years  that  are  not  distant  in 
the  future — we  are  increasing  by  millions  every  year.  James  Hill  says 
we  will  have  two  hundred  millions  here  within  fifty  years — a  great  popu- 
lation then  is  to  fill  this  Mississippi  valley,  and  great  wealth  is  to  be 
here,  and  a  mightier  people  is  to  live  in  the  center  of  the  American  conti- 
nent, as  predicted  by  Green,  than  has  ever  lived  in  the  history  of  the 
world,  and  here  are  the  great  problems  of  humanity  to  be  worked  out. 
And  you  are  beginning  to  work  them  out.  You  are  beginning  to  lay  the 
foundation  of  the  solutions  of  the  great  problems  of  the  world  here,  and 
I  congratulate  you  that  we  are  located  right  here  in  the  center  of  the 
best  country  in  the  world.     I  thank  you.     (Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster:  This  association  has  been  wonderfully  helped  by 
the  press  of  the  state,  and  by  none  so  much  as  by  The  Register  and  Leader, 
of  this  city,  of  which  Mr.  Harvey  Ingham  is  the  editor.  We  have  had 
the  pleasure  on  one  or  two  occasions  of  hearing  from  him,  and  we  are 
fortunate  tonight  in  being  able  to  once  more  call  upon  him.     (Applause.) 

Mr.  Harvey  Ingham:  My  Brother  Stockmen — I  say  that  with  a  great 
deal  of  assurance,  because  I  am  a  regularly  admitted  member  of  this  as- 
sociation. I  don't  remember  now  what  the  occasion  was  for  admitting  me 
to  membership,  but  I  am  very  confident  it  was  not  the  ownership  of  a 
dairy  cow.  (Laughter.)  To  prove  my  right  to  sit  with  a  body  of  stock- 
men, I  want  to  devote  my  remarks  to  matters  directly  pertaining  to  the 
stock  business,  at  least  to  one  feature  of  it.  I  was  surprised  when  your 
toastmaster  remarked  that  there  were  more  young  men  present  in  this 
association  meeting  at  this  time  than  had  ever  been  before,  because  I  had 
only  a  few  minutes  before  commented  to  Uncle  Henry  Wallace  on  the 
number  of  gray  heads  here  in  this  body,  and  I  was  asking  him  where 
the  young  men  were  who  were  going  to  take  the  places  of  these  older 
men  in  the  stock  business  in  the  Mississippi  valley.  Now  your  toast- 
master  may  be  right  that  the  young  men  are  going  to  take  up  this 
business,  but  I  tell  him  the  statistics  show  that  the  consumption  of  meat 
has  increased  enormously  faster  than  the  production  of  meat  in  this  coun- 
try, that  while  the  number  of  people  in  our  cities  and  our  great  centers 


180  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

who  are  demanding  high-priced  steaks  has  increased  rapidly,  and  the  eat- 
ing mouths  are  increasing,  doubling  and  trebling,  the  men  who  are  actual- 
ly out  on  the  farms  producing  beef  have  not  increased  in  number.  On 
the  contrary,  if  anything,  there  is  a  gradual  tendency  to  shrinkage.  And 
the  question  before  the  stockmen  now  for  the  future  is.  What  is  going 
to  hold  the  young  men  of  this  country  to  the  stock  producing  business? 

Now  I  am  not  going  to  attempt  to  answer  that  question  any  further 
than  to  say  that  rural  life  must  be  made  attractive  in  the  Mississippi 
valley.  In  the  open  competition  of  opportuunities  in  life  there  must  be 
something  just  as  attractive  in  rural  life  to  the  young  men  and  the 
young  women  of  the  future  as  there  is  to  town  life,  because,  my  friends, 
the  money  is  going  to  accumulate  here  to  such  an  extent  that  the  young 
men  of  the  future  are  going  to  be  in  position  to  choose  what  life  they 
will  pursue,  and  they  are  not  going  to  remain  on  the  farm  simply  because 
they  have  to  stay  there.  And  unless  rural  life  in  the  Mississippi  valley  can 
be  made  attractive,  the  young  men  are  not  going  to  remain  in  rural  pur- 
suits. 

Now  I  could  say  something  tonight  on  the  general  subject  of  how 
to  make  rural  life  attractive  in  the  Mississippi  valley,  but  I  presume  it 
v/ould  be  better,  in  the  short  time  that  we  have,  that  I  talk  about  some- 
thing else.  I  am  going  to  offer  just  one  sentiment  in  connection  with 
rural  life,  and  that  is  our  life  in  this  great  state  tonight,  and  that  is 
to  encourage  upon  stockmen,  upon  all  men,  a  more  careful  attention  to 
public  affairs. 

Now  it  is  very  easy  for  us  to  flatter  ourselves  that  we  are  giving 
attention  to  public  affairs,  but  the  fact  is,  my  friends,  that  our  pri- 
mary elections  and  our  other  references  and  referendums  of  public  ques- 
tions to  the  people  have  been  disappointing,  and  with  the  tendency  in 
these  later  years  of  bringing  government  directly  home  to  the  people  unless 
the  people  are  willing  to  assume  the  responsibilities  which  this  increase 
in  rights  brings  to  them,  we  are  going  to  find  ourselves  seriously  disap- 
pointed in  some  of  the  results.  Now  we  have  had  in  this  city  within  the 
past  ten  days  a  referendum  of  the  proposition  to  vote  $500,000  of  our 
money  to  the  schools  of  this  city.  There  are  not  less  than  20,000  male 
voters  in  the  independent  district  of  Des  Moines.  There  were  probably 
20,000  more  female  voters  who  were  entitled  to  vote  on  that  bonding 
question.  A  great  effort  was  made  to  interest  the  women  in  this  elec- 
tion. Out  of  a  total  number  of  votes  in  the  district — certainly  not  less 
than  35,000 — the  highest  vote  polled  was  5,000  votes,  and  that  vote  was 
so  distributed  and  so  cast  that  it  was  evident  on  the  face  of  it  that  it 
was  cast  almost  wholly  with  reference  to  local  interests  and  local  preju- 
dices. As  a  referendum  it  was  a  farce.  It  cost  this  city  $5,000  to  hold 
that  special  election. 

I  say  to  you  tonight  that  the  initiative  and  the  referendum  will  only 
be  failures  and  followed  by  disappointments  unless  the  people  can  be 
brought  to  a  keener  realization  of  the  responsibilities  of  citizenship  and 
the  necessity  of  interesting  themselves  in  these  public  questions.  Now 
what  has  been  the  effect  of  the  primary  election?  What  have  been  the 
results?   It  has  been  necessary  for  our  legislature  to  actual Iv  enact  a  law 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV  181 

that  names  of  candidates  shall  be  shuffled  on  the  ballot  so  that  each 
man  will  have  the  luck  of  position  at  the  head  of  the  ticket  in  order  to 
secure  a  fair  chance  in  a  primary  election.  Now  what  sort  of  a  commen- 
tary is  that  on  the  voters  of  the  most  intelligent  state  in  the  nation?  My 
friends,  the  people  of  the  state  of  Iowa  have  got  to  take  a  more  intelligent 
interest  in  their  city,  in  their  state,  in  their  own  duty  and  responsibility 
as  citizens  if  they  are  going  to  be  able  to  meet  on  equal  terms  the  rail- 
roads they  are  dealing  with,  for  they  are  intelligent  to  their  own  interests. 
It  is  going  to  be  necessary  for  the  people  of  the  state  of  Iowa  to  vote 
more  intelligently,  and  to  devote  more  time  to  a  serious  consideration  of 
their  part  in  this  government,  and  to  come  together  more  intelligently  and 
effectively  if  they  are  ever  going  to  compete  on  even  terms  with  the  cor- 
porations with  which  they  are  dealing.  I  agree  wholly  with  Judge  Davis 
that  the  time  is  coming  when  the  railroads  and  the  stock  shippers  and 
all  people  should  come  together  in  a  fair  and  intelligent  consideration  of 
their  mutual  interests,  but  I  say  to  you,  my  friends,  that  we  are  not  going 
to  come  together  on  an  equal  basis  until  you  and  I  and  the  rest  of  us 
come  together  with  equal  information  and  equal  intelligence,  as  to  our 
part  of  the  bargain.  It  will  require  not  merely  this  organization  that  you 
are  members  of,  it  will  require  not  merely  an  organization  that  covers  an 
individual  state — it  will  require  an  organization  that  is  national  in  its 
extent,  that  can  appear  before  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  be- 
cause, as  Judge  Davis  says,  your  interests  are  largely  interstate,  and  you 
know  it  has  been  the  orders  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  that 
have  largely  affected  your  rights  and  your  rates.  It  will  require  an  organ- 
ization that  is  national  in  its  extent,  and  in  order  to  form  such  an  organi- 
zation it  will  require  intelligence,  it  will  require  a  serious  consideration 
of  public  affairs,  and  it  will  require  a  stern  determination  on  the  part  of 
every  man  in  the  state  of  ours  to  be  at  the  polls  and  to  do  his  full  duty  as 
a  citizen. 

Now  it  has  been  said  here  by  Governor  Clarke  and  by  others  that  the 
great  possibilities  of  the  future  lie  in  this  Mississippi  valley,  but,  my 
friends,  they  do  not  lie  with  the  soil,  and  they  do  not  lie  with  the  cattle. 
They  lie  with  the  men  in  this  Mississippi  valley.  The  cities  of  this  world 
have  not  been  built  where  the  wealth  was,  where  the  natural  resources 
were,  but  where  the  men  were.  There  is  more  gold  tonight  in  the  city 
of  London  than  in  any  other  one  spot  in  the  world,  and  yet  there  was 
never  an  ounce  of  the  precious  metal  discovered  in  the  British  Isles.  Mex- 
ico produces  almost  as  much  or  more  silver  than  all  the  rest  of  the  world 
together,  and  yet  there  is  not  much  silver  in  Mexico.  Even  the  wealth 
of  the  mines  is  not  where  the  mines  are,  but  where  the  men  are.  The  states, 
the  cities,  the  business,  the  commerce  of  the  world  are  built  by  men,  and 
the  future  of  this  Mississippi  valley  is  not  with  its  natural  fertility  and 
not  with  its  resources,  but  with  its  men.  I  want  to  say  to  you  tonight 
that  it  is  just  as  possible  for  Iowa  to  become  a  worn-out  state,  as  some 
of  the  New  England  states  are,  as  it  has  been  for  them.  You  can  mine 
the  soil  of  Iowa  as  easily  as  they  have  mined  theirs,  and  if  there  is  not 
greater  intelligence  in  the  people  of  this  Mississippi  valley,  we  will  ac- 
complish no  more  than  thev  have  aocomnlished      Tbp.  future  is  with  vnn 


182  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

and  the  future  with  you  is  in  your  individual  capacity,  doing  your 
duty  as  a  citizen.  My  friends,  we  can  not  rely  on  others.  We  must 
look  to  ourselves.  And  the  great  and  primary  duty  of  the  people  of  Iowa 
is  individually,  each  man  by  himself,  taking  an  interest  in  these  public 
affairs  and  doing  his  full  duty,  not  only  in  his  local  township,  not  only  in 
his  county,  not  only  in  his  state,  but  in  the  nation  at  large.  I  want  to 
say  to  you  that  this  is  one  of  the  serious  problems  of  our  time,  is 
to  bring  home  to  the  people  themsalves  their  responsibility  to  be  well 
informed,  and  to  act  when  the  time  comes.     (Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster:  At  our  last  meeting,  a  year  ago  in  December, 
I  had  the  pleasure  of  introducing  the  on]y  commerce  counsel  in  captiv- 
ity. He  was  only  six  months  old  then,  and  he  filled  our  hearts  with 
joy  by  the  splendid  optimistic  talk  he  gave  us.  Now  he  is  a  year  older, 
and  he  bears  a  good  many  scars  of  battle,  and  some  of  them  have  been 
delivered  to  him  on  our  account.  I  know  our  members  have  a  curiosity 
to  know  whether  that  same  optimistic  spirit  pervades  him  now  that  did 
a   year   ago.     I    refer   to   Judge   Henderson.      (Applause.) 

Hon.  J.  H.  Henderson:  Mr.  Toastmaster  and  Gentlemen — It  was  a 
year  ago  that  I  was  here,  and  I  am  thinking  now  that  in  reference  to 
the  work  that  I  have  had  to  do  that  I  w^as  a  good  deal  smarter  than 
I  am  tonight,  because  I  know  that  I  know  a  good  deal  more  now  than  I 
did  then.  Some  of  these  friends  have  said  that  they  have  been  taken 
by  surprise  or  were  not  notified  that  they  were  to  talk.  I  was  not 
notified,  but  I  have  not  been  taken  by  surprise,  because  I  was  fooled 
once.  I  came  here  last  year  and  they  set  me  at  this  end  of  the  table, 
and  I  supposed  that  that  was  just  a  quiet,  nice  place  for  a  guest  to  sit, 
and  I  was  called  on.  And  w^hen  they  set  me  down  at  this  table  at  the 
same  place,  I  knew  then  that  I  was  to  be  called  on,  and  I  really  have 
not   enjoyed    my    supper. 

I  feel  a  little  bit  more  as  if  I  belonged  to  you.  I  talked  about  be- 
ing a  lawyer  and  acquainted  with  lawyers'  ways,  and  I  think  I  said 
something  that  if  it  were  in  a  gathering  of  lawyers,  I  would  feel  a  little 
bit  better,  because  I  would  know  how  much  to  believe  of  what  they 
said.  I  feel  tonight  that  I  can  go  along  a  little  bit  further  now  and 
know  somewhat  of  how  much  I  am  to  believe  of  what  you  say. 

I  come  on  one  line  of  my  ancestry  from  tillers  of  the  soil,  and 
raisers  of  stock  as  far  back  as  I  can  trace  the  lineage,  and  on  the 
other  side  I  come  from  tanners  and  shoemakers  and  office-holders,  and 
I  believe  I  have  got  a  little  bit  of  a  combination  of  both  strains  in  my 
nature,  as  I  have  farmed  a  little  and  have  held  office  quite  a  little. 

I  have  been  thinking  as  I  have  been  sitting  here  this  evening 
and  looking  into  your  faces,  that  here  is  represented  tonight  the 
strength  and  the  solidity  and  the  permanency  of  this  great  state,  a 
state  of  which  I  am  proud  because  I  live  in  the  county  in  the  state  in 
which  I  was  born,  and  live  in  the  township  in  which  I  was  born,  and 
have  lived  in  the  same  ward  and  precinct  in  which  I  have  ever  cast  a 
vote  in  this  state.  I  have  great  pride  in  the  great  state  of  Iowa,  and 
it  is  a  pleasure  to  be  with  those  whom  I  know  and  recognize  as  being 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV       183 

of  the  stalwart  citizenship  of  the  state  that  not  only  produces  its 
wealth  and  its  material  resources,  but  adds  to  the  standard  and  the 
dignity  and  the  manhood  of  its  citizenship.  And  I  have  been  impressed 
that  you  gentlemen  here  tonight  around  this  banquet  table  are  taking 
a  little  bit  of  rest  from  the  daily  toil  that  you  have  in  the  management 
and  looking  after  of  your  farms  and  your  stock  interests,  and  that  it 
would  be  a  good  time  and  that  it  should  suggest  that  there  is  something 
more  than  simply  broadening  its  acres,  improving  its  fertility  and  the 
improvements  that  are  upon  it,  and  raising  the  grade  of  your  stock. 
That  you  are  getting  beyond  that,  and  saying  that  there  is  due  from 
each  and  all  of  you  a  service  that  is  to  be  performed,  a  service — ^not 
that  in  its  narrower  sense,  but  a  service  that  includes  everything  that 
tends  to  upbuild  and  to  ennoble  humanity,  a  service  that  every  man 
owes  for  himself,  for  his  family,  for  his  community,  for  his  state,  and 
a  service  that  must  be  performed  before  any  man  performs  his  duty, 
and  I  believe  that  the  service  that  comes  m.ust  be  more  than  that  to 
gratify  ambition  and  acquire  a  larger  amount  of  wealth,  a  service  that 
brings  good  blood,  not  only  to  you  gentlemen  upon  the  farms  and  in 
the  stock  fields,  but  to  those  of  us  who  occupy  and  follow  other  pro- 
fessions and  other  occupations. 

I  began  the  work  a  little  over  a  year  ago  with  but  little  knowledge, 
and  have  believed  now,  and  have  felt  the  feeling  grow  with  me  as  the 
years  have  come,  that  there  was  something  more  than  simply  per- 
forming the  daily  routine  of  duties,  som.ething  more  than  simply  look- 
ing after  and  answering  the  immediate  demands,  but  that  there  was  a 
call  upon  me  as  upon  others,  a  stronger  and  higher  duty  and  better 
service  in  the  interests  of  my  people,  and  it  is  with  that  spirit  that  I 
have  undertaken,  during  the  time  that  I  have  been  endeavoring  to  fill 
the  office  of  commerce  counsel,  to  give  the  service  that  I  conceive  is 
due  from  every  man  and  due  from  a  public  official.  That  serrice — the 
best  that  we  can  do — wall  not  reach  what  we  would  desire,  but  it  is  a 
service,  when  given  w^ith  all  of  the  force  and  might,  and  with  all  of  the 
strength  that  is  within  us,  is  all  that  is  asked,  and  when  the  service  is 
rendered,  rewards  shall  come. 

The  work  has  been  pleasant  in  many  respects.  The  work  has  been  dif- 
ficult in  some  particulars.  It  has  been  hard  for  me  to  change  the  habits 
of  a  lifetime  in  the  trial  and  in  the  management  and  disposition  of  cases. 
There  comes  an  investigation  of  nev/  questions.  I  have  not  felt  that  there 
was  any  difficulty  or  trouble  in  determining  the  construction  of  statutes 
or  the  application  of  the  principles  of  law,  for  that  I  have  felt  I  had  in 
some  degree,  in  some  measure,  acquired  during  the  years  of  a  somewhat 
active  life.  I  say  I  felt  but  little  embarassment  with  those  questions,  but 
it  was  difficult  when  I  had  to  sit  down  and  take  hold  of  questions  or  prob- 
lems that  were  outside  of  the  training  that  I  had  had  during  the  years 
before.  I  have  done  the  best  I  knew  how  and  I  am  ready  to  continue  do- 
ing that  work  so  long  as  it  shall  be  my  duty  to  perform  the  duties  of  the 
office  and  hold  that  position. 

Something  was  said  about  this  being  a  great  granary  in  the  midst  of 
the  greatest  nation,  and  that  within  thie  Mississippi  valley  will  be  found 


184  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

the  population  of  this  country.  It  has  been  truly  said  that  this  country 
does  not  become  great  and  prosperous  upon  its  material  resources  so  much 
as  it  does  upon  its  men,  because  the  present  and  the  future  of  the  great 
growth  of  this  country  demand  from  me  and  from  all  others  that  greater 
degree  of  service  that  each  owes  because  of  the  interests  being  devoted — 
you  engaged  in  your  daily  occupation  upon  your  farm,  and  the  merchant 
in  his.  store,  and  the  others  without  organization,  it  must  be  that  there 
shall  be  in  some  organization  such  as  you  have,  the  protection  of  your 
interests.  But  beyond  that  there  must  be,  in  my  judgment,  by  the  state 
provided,  the  persons  who  shall  be  charged  with  the  duty  of  protecting  and 
taking  care  of  these  interests,  because  the  larger  interests,  the  corporate  in- 
terests— the  railroads  are  particularly  referred  to — have  their  organizations 
and  their  corps  of  officers,  and  they  have  all  of  their  different  lines  and 
departments,  and  specialists,  and  it  is  necessary  that  there  shall  be  in 
those  who  undertake  to  represent  the  people  a  corresponding  degree  of 
intelligence  and  a  corresponding  knowledge  of  the  facts,  and  above  all 
an  integrity  and  a  faith  in  the  people,  and  faith  in  the  officer  himself,  and 
a  desire  that  the  full  service  exacted  of  him  shall  be  performed. 

I  am  pleased  to  be  here  tonight,  because  I  recognize  the  very  strong 
factor  that  this  organization  has  been  in  the  administration  of  the  af- 
fairs of  the  state.  I  understand  that  it  was  largely  through  your  efforts 
that  the  position  which  I  now  am  trying  to  fill  was  created,  and  because 
of  that  I  want  to  come  and  let  you  know  how  I  feel  in  regard  to  these 
matters,  and  be  able  to  stand  before  you  and  give  expression  to  such 
words  as  I  may  that  come  from  the  heart,  that  you  may  understand  that 
there  is  and  will  be  an  effort  to  perform  that  service  which  I  believe  is 
due.     (Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster:  Now,  the  hour  is  late,  and  I  am  going  to  close  this 
program  as  I  began  it,  with  a  w^ord  from  one  of  the  original  members, 
one  of  the  old  wheel  horses  who  has  always  pulled  his  full  share  of  the 
load,  Mr.  William  Drury,  of  Sac  county.  I  caught  him  just  as  he  started 
out  here.     (Applause.) 

Mr.  Will  Drury:  It  is  rather  a  hard  position  to  call  on  a  farmer  to 
end  up  an  evening  of  this  kind,  after  hearing  editors  and  lawyers,  and  the 
governor,  and  our  worthy  secretary  and  president.  But  I  feel  a  good 
deal  like  the  Irishman  up  in  our  country.  One  day  he  met  Brady,  who 
said:  "Jim,  what  would  you  be  if  you  wasn't  an  Irishman?"  he  says: 
"I'd  be  damned  sorry."  (Laughter.)  That  is  the  way  I  would  feel  if  I 
was  not  a  member  of  the  Corn  Belt  Meat  Producers'  Association.  (Ap- 
plause.) 

Mr.  Ingham  has  called  our  attention  to  the  duties  we  have  today,  the 
people  of  the  state  of  Iowa.  I  am  going  to  call  his  attention  to  what  we 
have  done  in  the  nine  years  we  have  been  an  organization.  If  Mr. 
Ingham  had  known  and  followed  back  to  the  time  a  few  of  us  came  down 
here  to  plead  our  cause  with  the  legislature,  when  they  thought  we  had 
no  case.  Look  tonight  at  the  friends  we  have  over  here  on  the  hill,  and 
the  olive  branch  extended  by  our  friend  Davis.  He  must  realize  we  have 
made  advancement.     Mr.  Ingham .  spoke  about  the  gray-headed  men.     I 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV  185 

can  say  the  same  as  our  friend  and  secretary,  that  the  young  men  are 
more  represented  here  than  ever  before.  But  I  want  you  to  go  home  to 
your  boys  and  your  neighbors,  and  next  year  have  still  more  of  the  young 
men  come,  because  the  old  wheel  horses  are  getting  to  a  point  where  they 
will  have  to  quit.  We  want  you  to  see  that  the  boys  come  down  to  the 
Meat  Producers'  Association.  Say  to  them  that  there  is  a  class  of  men 
that  is  doing  some  good,  and  the  state  of  Iowa  is  trying  to  do  some  good 
for  you.  And  instead  of  the  boys  coming  alone,  you  come  with  them. 
I  don't  think  there  is  any  way  you  can  do  yourselves  more  good  than  by 
sitting  here  and  listening  to  what  such  men  as  we  have  had  on  our  pro- 
gram today  and  this  evening  have  to  say.  These  things  are  problems  that 
we  have  got  to  solve  ourselves,  and  we  can  solve  them  in  our  homes  and 
on  our  farms. 

I  oftentimes  think — I  hate  to  hear  it,  too,  because  it  is  a  fact — that 
you  will  hear  a  lot  of  men  v/ho  have  moved  to  town  say,  "You  hadn't  ought 
to  come  to  town.  You  hadn't  ought  to  leave  the  farm."  I  have  always 
been  sorry  to  hear  that,  but  I  have  noticed  that  very  few  of  them  ever 
move  back.  (Applause.)  Jim  Davis  can  talk  about  his  dairy  cow,  but  he 
isn't  milking  her.  (Laughter.)  I  don't  know  whether  Mr.  Ingham  has 
got  a  cow  or  not. 

But  I  think  we  have  spent  a  very  pleasant  time — I  am  sure  I  have — and 
I  thank  you.     (Applause.) 


WEDNESDAY,  FEBRUARY  18. 

]\IoRNiNG  Session. 

President  Sykes  presiding. 

The  President:  The  first  thing  on  the  program  this  morning  is 
an  address  on  "The  Railroad  and  the  Stockman/'  by  Mr.  Fred  H. 
Hammill,  assistant  general  superintendent  of  the  Chicago  and 
North  Western  Railway. 

THE  RAILROAD  AND  THE  STOCKMAN. 

Mr.  President,  and  M^embers  of  the  Corn  Belt  Meat  Producers'  Associa- 
tion: I  rather  feel  that  I  am  doubly  handicapped  this  morning  in  ap- 
pearing before  you  gentlemen,  first,  for  the  reason  that  I  was  called  to 
Chicago  last  Friday,  and  rather  unexpectedly,  you  might  say,  handed  a 
position  that  is  a  little  bit  out  of  my  line,  and  I  feel  that  the  shock  of 
that,  as  well  as  being  asked  by  the  vice-president  to  represent  him  in  ap- 
pearing before  your  association,  is  rather  too  much  for  me.  Mr.  Aishton, 
of  course,  is  well  known  in  Iowa  by  a  great  many  of  you  shippers,  and 
I  feel  that  I  have  a  difficult  proposition  before  me  in  attempting  to 
represent  him. 

I  had  an  opportunity  last  night  of  attending  your  banquet.  It  af- 
forded me  a  great  deal  of  pleasure,  and  I  saw  there  the  faces  of  a  good 
many  men  who  are  shippers  on  the  North  Western  road.     Being  among 


186  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

the  stockmen,  I  felt  that  a  stock  story  and  illustration  of  the  red  tape 
that  the  railroads  are  sometimes  accused  of  would  not  be  out  of  place. 

On  our  western  lines  we  frequently  are  called  upon  to  send  out  engi- 
neers who  are  strangers  to  the  territory.  A  few  seasons  ago  an  engineer 
from  one  of  the  northern  territories,  where  they  don't  have  much  stock 
business,  was  sent  out.  He  ran  into  a  bunch  of  stock  and  killed  a  very 
fine  steer.  When  he  got  it  off  the  road,  the  fireman  said:  "It  will  be 
necessary  for  you  to  make  out  and  sign  a  long  report."  That  was  rather 
new  to  him.  He  got  one  of  the  blanks  with  a  lot  of  questions.  The 
first  was:  "What  did  V'ou  see  first?"  "I  saw  a  big,  black  steer  coming 
out  of  the  big  tall  grass."  "What  did  you  next  see?"  "I  saw  the  big 
tall  grass  coming  out  of  the  big,  black  steer."  It  is  needless  to  say  that 
that  was  the  most  valuable  animal  in  the  bunch. 

Last  night  we  heard  considerable  comment  from  our  attorneys  and  other 
professional  men  about  their  connection  with  the  live  stock  business  of 
Iowa,  and  I  was  very  much  pleased  to  hear  our  attorney,  Mr.  Davis,  state 
that  he  was  in  the  live  stock  business,  having  three  cows  out  on  the  boule- 
vard. That  brought  to  my  mind  how  close  I  came  to  being  connected 
with  the  farming  interests  of  Iowa.  In  our  family  there  were  but  two 
boys.  Father  had  an  ambition  to  make  farmers  out  of  us.  Early  in  life 
I  smelled  the  car  smoke;  my  brother  had  an  aspiration  for  a  college  edu- 
cation, and  the  farming  proposition  was  given  up.  I  just  state  that  to 
indicate  how  small  a  margin  we  sometimes  have  for  changing  our  en- 
vironment. Railroad  men — who  are  we?  We  are  boys  coming  from  the 
same  towns  that  you  gentlemen  do.  We  had  the  same  opportunity  you 
boys  do,  but  we  chose  as  our  avocation  the  railroad  business.  We  got 
into  it  with  earnestness;  we  try  to  be  fair  and  make  it  a  success.  Isn't 
it  proper  that  we  grant  to  you  gentlemen  all  consideration  in  your  line 
of  business,  assuming  that  you  are  working  on  the  same  basis,  and 
shouldn't  you  grant  to  us  as  railroad  men  the  same  opportunity  and  the 
same  consideration?  A.nd  along  that  line,  it  is  a  little  discouraging  when 
the  rank  and  file  who  have  grown  up  into  these  official  positions  come 
into  a  town,  and  raise  our  families  alongside  of  yours,  to  be  treated  as 
tools  of  soulless  corporations.  It  is  therefore  my  desire  in  speaking  to 
you  to  treat  the  subject  fairly  on  both  sides. 

Speaking  from  the  railroad  standpoint,  the  company  which  I  represent 
has  invested  in  the  handling  of  the  stock  proposition  5,000  cars,  repre- 
senting $4,000,000.  We  have  in  the  state  of  Iowa  236  stock  yards,  served 
by  thirty  miles  of  track.  In  looking  over  statistics  in  Chicago,  we  find 
that  the  receipts  in  the  Union  Stock  Yards  by  the  stockmen  during  the 
year  of  1912  amounted  to  255,088  cars  of  stock,  of  which  approximately 
58,000  came  over  the  North  Western  railroad.  In  the  month  of  Decem- 
ber we  find  that  51  per  cent  of  the  stock  received  in  the  Union  Stock 
Yards  via  the  North  Western  railroad  originated  within  the  state  of  Iowa. 
We  are  proud  to  state  that  a  little  less  than  eight-tenths  of  one  per  cent 
of  that  stock  was  late  for  the  market. 

The  first  difficulty  we  encounter  as  railroad  men  is  the  distribution  of 
stock  cars  from  our  congested  terminals  after  the  receipt  of 
1,000,     1,200     or     1,500     cars     in     Chicago.       We     all     know     the     con- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV       187 

gested  conditions  in  Chicago.  We  liave  to  start  on  Monday  morning, 
after  those  big  runs,  and  organize  trains  to  move  these  stock  cars  four 
or  five  hundred  miks  for  the  next  day's  heavy  run,  which  is  the  next  Sat- 
urday. About  25  per  cent  of  these  cars  we  have  to  set  out  at  the  Miss- 
issippi river  for  cleaning  and  repairs;  consequently,  we,  as  railroad  men, 
start  practically  on  the  first  of  the  week  to  get  ready  for  the  next  heavy 
run  on  the  following  Saturday.  The  necessity  for  anticipation  of  orders 
on  the  part  of  stock  shippers  is  one  of  the  important  features  in  the  han- 
dling of  the  stock  business.  We  recognize  the.  difficulty  of  the  stockmen 
on  account  of  uncontrollable  conditions  in  the  market,  but  if  you  could 
anticipate  a  little  closer  and  place  your  orders  as  near  as  you  possibly 
can,  it  gives  a  better  opportunity  for  the  adjoining  stock  raiser  to  get 
his  cars.  The  uncertainty  also  creates  a  hardship  for  the  railroads.  They 
might  haul  a  bunch  of  stock  cars  four  or  five  hundred  miles  in  anticipa- 
tion of  your  order  for  ten  or  fifteen  cars  for  Saturday,  and  then  when  we 
get  out  tliere  have  it  canceled;  and  we  then  have  to  take  those  cars  to 
other  points  at  considerable  expense. 

All  railroads  in  the  state  of  Iowa  have  schedules  based  on  a  main 
line  Chicago  movement.  We  start  as  early  as  five  o'clock  to  consolidate 
this  stock  in  small  trains,  and  take  them  to  junction  points  on  double 
tracks;  and  you  can  recognize  the  necessity  of  all  of  us  co-operating  in 
order  that  these  pick-up  trains  may  get  into  the  junction  point,  be  con- 
solidated, and  arrive  at  the  market  at  the  proper  time.  You  can  readily 
recognize  the  difficulty  and  the  disadvantage  at  which  you  place  your 
brother  stockman  if  a  little  inactivity  on  your  part  has  caused  a  delay 
to  his  stock.  The  stock  arrives  at  the  Mississippi  river  points  with 
probably  thirty-five  or  forty  cars  in  the  train.  Because  of  this  unfore- 
seen— possibly  unavoidable — delay  at  some  of  these  originating  points,  we 
are  obliged  on  account  of  the  twenty-eight  or  thirty-six  hour  law,  to 
set  out  one  or  two  cars  in  the  train.  The  law  must  be  obeyed,  and  we 
are  not  criticizing  it,  but  the  net  result  is  obstacles  to  the  stockman 
and  the  railroad  in  handling  the  stock.  I  only  touch  upon  that  point  to 
indicate  that  we  must  be  fair  in  each  others'  consideration  for  the  other. 
Your  interests  are  ours;  ours  are  yours. 

Another  point  is  this:  You  who  have  never  been  in  the  railroad  busi- 
ness hardly  appreciate  the  personal  effort  required  on  the  part  of  the 
entire  organization  in  the  handling  of  ten,  twelve  or  fifteen  hundred  cars 
of  stock.  We  are  sometimes  accused  of  having  peculiar  vocabularies. 
We  start  on  Saturday  afternoon  and  begin  pickiKg  up  stock.  Between 
Saturday  afternoon  at  five  o'clock  and  Sunday  night  at  ten  or  eleven 
o'clock  every  conductor,  engineer,  fireman,  brakeman — 'the  maximum 
force — is  in  the  roundhouses  and  the  stations.  All  telegraph  operators, 
train  dispatchers,  all  officials — superintendents  included — spend  their  en- 
tire time  watching  the  stock  movement.  We  don't  get  a  chance  to  go 
to  church.     How  can  you  blame  us  for  our  vocabularies? 

In  looking  over  the  records  in  Chicago,  we  find  that  55  per  cent  of  the 
stock  received  at  the  Union  Stock  Yards  arrives  on  Mondays,  25  per 
cent  on  Wednesdays — the  two  large  markets — and  20  i>er  cent  during  the 
balance  of  the  week.    We  also  learn  that  the  stock  market  for  hogs  opens 


188  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AaRICULTURE 

at  8:00  a.  m.  and  closes  at  noon;  for  cattle  opens  at  10:00  a.  m.  and  closes 
at  3:00  p.  m.,  practically  four  hours  a  day,  two  days  in  the  week. 
Eighty  per  cent  of  your  stock  that  arrives  in  the  Union  Stock  Yards  is 
handled  in  practically  eight  hours  on  two  working  days  out  of  a  six-day 
week.  The  point  I  wish  to  bring  out  on  that  is,  could  we  not  with  justice, 
and  probably  advantage  to  both  of  us,  have  some  better  or  more  uniform 
arrangement  of  our  stock  markets,  so  as  to  prevent  the  railroad  men 
all  going  down  at  one  load? 

We  frequently  hear  this  remark — I  have  in  my  last  few  years'  ex- 
perience in  Iowa:  What  is  the  matter  with  Iowa?  What  is  the  matter 
with  the  stockman?  We  will  say  now:  What  is  the  matter  with  the 
railroad  man?  I  say,  gentlemen,  nothing  with  any  of  us.  Iowa  is  one 
of  the  most  beautiful  states  in  the  Union.  I  came  here,  you  might  say, 
an  emigrant,  ten  or  eleven  year  ago.  I  have  worked  up  and  down  your 
prairies.  I  consider  it  my  home.  And  being  appointed  to  this  position 
in  charge  of  the  state  of  Iowa,  I  consider  it  one  of  the  best  positions 
to  which  I  could  have  been  appointed  on  the  North  Western  railroad. 
There  is  nothing  the  matter  with  the  railroads  or  stockmen.  What  we 
want  is  a  little  more  thorough  recognition  of  each  other's  class;  we  want 
a  better  acquaintance  with  each  other.  We  are  of  the  same  family;  we 
are  all  after  the  same  ends,  to  make  the  best  success  possible  of  our 
business.  We  grant  that  to  you,  and  hope  to  have  the  same  consideration 
given  us. 

In  conclusion,  I  would  like  to  say  that  in  coming  to  the  head  of  the 
operating  department  of  Iowa,  I  want  to  solicit  from  you  gentlemen 
your  co-operation  and  assistance  in  every  way  possible.  If  you  have  any 
difficulties  in  which  we  can  help  you,  we  would  like  mighty  well  to  hear 
from  you,  and  our  local  representatives  and  myself  will  be  glad  to  come 
on  request  and  go  over  the  situation  with  you.  If  there  are  difficulties 
that  can  not  be  overcome,  I  assume  you,  gentlemen,  we  will  put  forth 
our  every  effort  that  our  experience  and  our  ability  as  railroad  men  to 
handle  the  transportation  business. 

Discussion. 

Charles  Goodenow,  Wall  Lake :  In  regard  to  billing  what  we 
call  mixed  stock,  I  shipped  a  car  of  sheep  and  hogs,  a  deck  of  each, 
in  a  donble-deck  car.  I  put  the  sheep  by  themselves  and  the  hogs 
by  themselves;  the  first  in  the  lower  and  the  second  in  the  upper 
deck.  I  did  that  for  the  reason  that  I  only  had  one  deck  of  sheep. 
The  rate,  as  I  figured  it,  avouIcI  be  231/^  cents,  for  the  reason  that 
the  rate  on  hogs  is  231/^  cents.  The  rate  on  a  double' decker  of 
sheep  would  be  23  cents.  When  they  arrived  in  Chicago,  they 
charged  me  25  cents  for  single-deck  sheep  and  23%  cents  for  single- 
deck  hogs  on  that  one  car.  I  would  like  to  know  why  they  should 
charge  me  for  two  cars  when  only  one  was  used,  when  the  rule  says 
plainly  that  you  can  ship  mixed  cars,  and  they  shall  take  the  higher 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV       189 

rate  with  the  higher  minimum.  The  railroad  men  told  me  that  if  I 
had  put  some  sheep  in  the  lower  deck  and  some  hogs  in  the  upper 
deck,  they  would  have  had  to  charge  me  23^2  cents  for  22,000  pounds 
— the  sheep  minimum  and  the  hog  rate.  The  rule  says  also  that  you 
can  mix  them  whether  in  a  single  or  double-deck  car,  but  in  build- 
ing the  partition  you  must  not  use  any  nails.  Of  course,  I  can  see 
that  they  want  it  done  as  carefully  as  possible,  but  how  would  a 
man  build  a  partition  Avithout  using  nails  and  a  hammer  1  That  is 
what  I  want  to  find  out,  if  anybody  can  tell  me. 

Mr.  liammill :  Ycjars  ago  a  temple  was  built  without  any  nails ; 
speaking  about  the  rate,  that  is  a  matter  handled  by  the  traffic  de- 
partment. Mr.  D.  D.  Cutler  is  here,  and  I  know  he  will  make  a 
note  of  that  proposition  and  will  be  glad  to  advise  you  in  that  spe- 
cific case.  In  regard  to  the  mixing,  I  don't  think  that  made  any 
particular  difference,  but  Mr.  Cutler  will  advise  you  about  that. 

Mr.  Goodenow:  I  had  this  up  with  the  traffic  department,  and 
put  in  a  claim  for  the  difference.  I  forget  the  exact  amount  of 
money,  but  it  was  quite  a  sum.  It  looked  to  me  as  if  I  was  doing 
the  railroad  company  a  favor,  because  they  all  admit  this  is  the 
day  of  tonnage.  If  I  could  put  all  my  stuff  in  that  single  car, 
wouldn't  it  be  better  than  for  me  to  use  two  cars?  Why  should 
the  company  penalize  me  for  trying  to  protect  their  interests? 

Mr.  Hammill:  I  am  going  to  enlighten  myself  on  that,  Mr. 
Goodenow,  and  I  take  it  that  Mr.  Cutler  will  be  glad  to  take  it  up 
with  you. 

Mr.  Goodenow :  You  will  find  that  occurs  quite  often,  because 
the  stockmen  through  the  country  are  doing  that. 

H.  C.  "Wallace :  There  has  been  a  good  deal  of  complaint  on  the 
part  of  t4ie  stockmen  against  the  over-filling  of  these  stock  men's 
cabooses.  I  have  a  great  many  reports  from  off  your  road  that 
there  have  been  some  very  bad  conditions  there.  Among  other 
things,  our  report  calls  for  the  number  of  men  who  are  traveling 
on  that  caboose  who  are  not  entitled  to — that  is,  who  are  neither 
shippers  nor  bona  fide  employes  of  the  shippers.  This  association 
has  gone  on  record  as  being  utterly  opposed  to  the  use  of  stock- 
men's passes  by  others  than  stockmen.  It  seems  to  us  that  the  re- 
sponsibility for  that  misuse  of  the  pass  might  be  charged  to  the  sta- 
tion agents  of  your  roads.  Now,  while  you  are  here,  tell  us  about 
tl:at  and  what  you  are  doing  to  prevent  that  misuse  of  the  pass. 


190  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Mr.  Hammill:  There  is  no  question  but  there  is  considerable 
misuse  of  the  stock  contract. 

Mr.  Wallace :    Whose  fault  is  it  1 

Mr.  Hammill :  The  agent  is  a  servant  of  the  shipper,  and  wants 
to.be  in  right  with  him,  and  of  course  he  accommodates  him  to  that 
extent.  He  is  wrong  in  doing  so,  but  the  first  wrong  is  in  the  re- 
quest of  that  consideration.  At  Clinton  we  kept  a  record  for  quite 
a  while  of  the  number  of  stockmen  that  came  w^ith  each  train.  My 
recollection  is  that  we  at  one  time  had  one  stockman  accompanying 
every  three  cars  of  stock.  We  also  tried  to  sort  out  which  was  the 
stockman  and  which  was  not.  We  found  at  least  fifty  per  cent  of 
the  men  coming  in  were  net  stockmen;  they  wore  collars  whiter 
than  mine,  and  their  hands  were  not  any  harder.  That  is  one  thing 
that  the  stockmen  must  overcome ;  you  can  help  us  a  great  deal  on 
that. 

Mr.  AVallace:  My  contention  is  that  your  station  agent  knows 
very  well  whether  a  man  is  a  bona  fide  stockman  or  not,  and  that, 
as  a  matter  of  fact,  your  station  agents  are  largely  responsible  for 
this  misuse  of  the  pass.  If  a  merchant  or  boy  around  town  wants 
to  go  in,  your  station  agent  knows  that  fellow,  and  that  he  does 
not  belong  in  the  caboose ;  and  yet  he  connives  at  the  thing  and  per- 
mits the  abuse,  with  the  result  that  the  stockman  himself  is  com- 
pelled to  occupy  a  car  which  is  filthy  and  overcrowded,  and  often 
has  no  place  to  sit.  Don't  your  regulations  forbid  that,  and  can't 
your  station  men  absolutely  prevent  it?  There  might  be  excep- 
tional cases  where  some  neighbor  out  in  the  country  might  go,  but 
in  that  case  he  is  properly  an  employe  of  the  stockman. 

Mr.  Hammill :  Just  how  far  the  agent  would  go  to  discriminate 
as  to  whom  to  assign  to  be  the  legal  man  to  be  in  charge  of  the 
stock  is  rather  a  fine  point,  and  if  we  get  any  improvement  on  that 
it  will  have  to  be  done  by  the  co-operation  of  the  stockmen.  We 
would  guarantee  our  support  from  our  side  of  the  fence  to  help 
you  gentlemen  do  away  with  that  practice.  If  you  folks  will  bring 
it  up  with  your  stockmen  and  indicate  to  them  what  it  means  to 
them,  and  state  that  the  railroads  are  Avilling  to  help  on  that  prop- 
osition, we  will  guarantee  to  do  our  portion  of  it  with  our  agents 
and  indicate  to  them  that  we  want  to  arrange  so  that  the  stockmen 
can  have  room  to  take  care  of  themselves  properly,  and  I  am  satis- 
fied we  will  see  quite  an  improvement. 


Thirteenth  annual  year  book— part  iv  191 

Will  Drury,  Early :  Now  that  you  are  out  in  this  state,  perma- 
nently I  hope,  I  would  like,  for  the  benefit  of  the  stockmen  out  of 
Sioux  City,  to  have  the  weights  of  the  stock  changed  from  Sioux 
City  out.  There  is  no  man  who  buys  cattle  in  the  stock  yards  of 
the  west  who  doesn't  get  anywhere  from  50  to  100  pounds  fill.  At 
the  stockyards  at  Sioux  City,  the  railroad  company  takes  the  buy- 
ing w^eight  of  stock  cattle  and  subtracts  300  or  500  pounds,  and 
charges  freight  to  the  shipper  on  that  weight — when,  as  a  matter 
of  fact,  it  is  anywhere  from  1,000  to  1,500  pounds  more  than  he 
should  pay  for.  I  bought  a  load  there  in  November.  I  thought  I 
knew  my  business  pretty  well,  but  the  fellow  that  billed  them  knew 
more  than  I  did.  I  weighed  them  about  noon,  and  they  were  not 
shipped  out  until  that  night.  When  I  got  my  bill,  I  think  there 
was  300  or  500  pounds  subtracted,  and  just  to  see  what  I  had  been 
paying  for,  I  reweighed  the  cattle,  and  I  can  make  an  affidavit — 
I  have  the  figures  with  me — that  the  shrink  on  those  cattle  was 
seventy-seven  pounds  to  the  head.  There  were  twenty-six  cattle  in 
the  car,  and  the  excess  of  freight  was  right  around  1,500  pounds. 

Mr.  Hammill :  As  I  understand  it,  that  stock  came  in  from  some 
northern  point  to  the  market.  You  bought  the  stock  and  wanted  to 
ship  it  to  Sac  City.  You  are  billed  out  w^ith  the  receiving  weight 
minus  so  many  hundred  pounds,  and  your  theory  is  that  the  stock 
should  be  weighed  before  it  is  shipped  out  ? 

Mr.  Drury :  Yes,  or  take  the  sworn  statement  as  to  the  weights 
at  destination. 

Mr.  Hammill :  That  is  a  matter  that  I  would  not  care  to  reply 
to  offhand;  but  I  will  give  it  proper  consideration  with  the  traffic 
department. 

The  President:  We  will  now  hear  from  Mr.  W.  M.  Whitenton, 
general  manager  of  the  Rock  Island. 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen:  I  have  not  come  prepared  for  any 
particular  discussion.  I  didn't  know  that  I  would  be  called  on.  In 
fact,  Mr.  Wallace  only  yesterday  invited  me  to  come  over  to  listen  to 
Mr.  Hammill's  talk,  and  I  was  very  glad  to  do  so.  However,  I  am 
very  much  pleased  to  be  here,  and  to  meet  you  gentlemen,  representing 
one  of  the  greatest  industries  in  this  state;  and  as  a  representative  of 
one  of  the  state's  transportation  lines,  I  want  to  say  to  you  that  I  am 
very  much  interested  in  the  transportation  of  live  stock.  The  interests 
of  the  railroads,  the  stockmen  and  the  farmers  are  mutual;  there  are  no 
insurmountable  barriers  between  us.  The  trouble  is,  as  I  view  it,  that 
we  don't  know  each  other.  The  railroad  man  assumes  that  he  knows 
all  about  your  business,  and  just  how  you  ought  to  conduct  it,  and  he 


192  iOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE^ 

doesn't  want  anybody  to  tell  him  anything  about  it.  The  stockman,  of 
course,  knows  all  about  his  business,  and  he  thinks  he  knows  all  about 
the  railroad's  business,  and  he  wants  to  regulate  it.  When  we  get  in 
that  attitude,  our  horns  stick  out  and  our  hair  sticks  up,  and  we  get 
a  club  and  go  after  each  other.  You  never  can  accomplish  anything 
that  way.  I  want  to  say  that  I  am  no  fighter.  I  think  that  ninety-nine 
per  cent  of  these  imaginary  troubles  can  be  settled  and  adjusted  by 
getting  acquainted  with  each  other.  I  have  been  in  the  railroad  business 
for  a  good  many  years  (although  I  am  not  very  old;  I  don't  want  any- 
one to  misunderstand  me  on  that),  but  I  have  never  yet  gone  into  a 
community  or  gone  before  any  body  of  men  to  discuss  a  question  that 
was  not  settled  fairly  satisfactorily  to  all  interests.  Neither  side  always 
got  just  what  it  wanted;  there  have  to  be  concessions;  but  after  we 
get  better  acquainted  with  the  subject,  and  know  all  of  the  details  and 
the  facts  on  all  sides,  we  have  a  different  opinion  about  these  things. 
I  am  interested  in  the  stock  business  because  it  means  revenue  to  the 
interests  that  I  am  trying  to  represent,  and  also  for  another  reason. 
My  friend  Hammill  said  he  came  near  being  a  stockman,  but  I  can  go 
him  one  better.  I  was  born  and  raised  in  Texas;  my  father  was  in 
the  stock  business  practically  all  of  his  life.  He  owned  a  great  many 
thousand  head  of  cattle  in  his  time.  I  spent  nearly  four  years  of  my 
life  on  a  cattle  ranch.  The  first  railroad  train  I  ever  saw  was  after 
having  gone  with  a  herd  of  about  28,000  cattle  from  down  in  western 
Texas.  Y/e  started  below  Brownwood,  and  drove  across  the  plains  to 
Dodge  City,  and  there  shipped  them.  I  saw  the  first  time  in  my  life 
the  black  smoke  of  a  railroad  train,  and  I  took  up  with  it  after  that, 
and  have  been  following  it  ever  since.  So  I  am  interested  in  the  stock 
business  and  the  stockman  from  that  viewpoint.  I  have  many  very 
pleasant  recollections  of  my  four  years'  experience  with  the  cowboys.  I 
was  the  kid  of  the  bunch,  but  they  took  pretty  good  care  of  me.  We 
had  lots  of  good  times.  They  used  to  put  me  on  a  bucking  broncho, 
and  once  in  a  while  they  would  get  one  that  would  throw  me  twenty  or 
thirty  feet  in  the  air;  and  that  was  lots  of  fun — for  them.  It  wasn't 
much  for  me,  but  I  had  just  about  sense  enough  to  try  it  again  when 
they  would  tell  me  that  I  was  the  best  rider  in  the  bunch,  and  the  only 
one  that  coiild  ride  it. 

But  I  am  interested  in  the  stock  business  and  the  stock  transportation; 
I  want  to  know  more  about  it.  I  want  to  know  what  your  needs  are. 
The  Rock  Island  railroad  has  more  mileage  than  any  other  railroad  in 
the  state  of  Iowa.  Our  stock  business  is  not  as  heavy  as  the  North 
Western's.  I  would  like  to  know  personally  each  shipper  of  live  stock 
in  this  state,  if  it  were  possible.  I  would  like  to  have  you  tell  me  what 
we  should  do,  in  your  opinion,  to  improve  our  service.-  (Voices:  Get  them 
in  there  in  time  for  market.     Get  us  cars  when  we  want  them.) 

Those  are  all  very  pertinent,  and  we  might  quote  statistics.  I  happen 
to  have  in  mind  the  fact  that  in  the  year  1912  eighty-seven  per  cent  of 
the  stock  that  we  took  into  the  Chicago  market  went  in  there  on  time, 
and  were  unloaded  on  time;  thirteen  per  cent  of  it  was  late.  It  is  the 
thirteen  per  cent,  of  course,  that  should  have  been  on  time.     We  could 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  193 

go  into  defending  our  service,  and  we  might  say  that  the  stockman  has 
not  done  his  part  in  every  instance.  I  know  of  a  few  instances  where 
stockmen,  it  seemed  to  me  from  my  way  of  thinking,  have  'been  very 
arbitrary  in  their  time  of  loading.  They  wouldn't  load  except  at  a  cer- 
tain specified  time,  or  until  the  train  got  there,  although  the  facilities 
were  such  that  they  could  have  done  so.  However,  it  is  not  always  true  that 
the  facilities  are  right;  the  railroads  are  in  many  ways  to  blame  for  a 
good  deal  of  the  trouble.  We  depend  a  great  deal — and  necessarily  so — 
upon  what  our  agents  and  employes  tell  us  about  these  things,  and  we 
don't  go  into  it  deep  enough  to  get  all  of  the  facts.  It  is  a  very  serious 
problem  to  get  competent  men  who  will  take  an  interest  in  the  per- 
formance of  their  duties  as  though  they  owned  the  property.  I  have 
always  been  an  advocate  of  the  idea  that  a  man  occupying  a  position 
as  agent,  clerk,  telegraph  operator  or  conductor  should  run  his  business 
just  as  though  he  owned  the  property,  but  it  is  a  very  hard  thing  to 
get  men  of  that  kind.  They  will  snap  you  up  when  you  go  in  and  ask 
questions  that  you  have  a  right  to  know,  and  they  will  do  many 
things  that  are  bad.  The  managing  officers  of  these  properties  do 
many  things  that  are  contrary  to  instruction  that  we  never  know  of, 
and  the  railroad,  of  course,  is  judged  largely  by  the  kind  of  a  fellow 
that  the  local  agent  is.  Just  a  short  time  ago,  I  told  one  of  our  agents 
that  there  was  no  reason  in  the  world  why  the  local  agent  should  not 
and  could  not  be  the  biggest  man  in  his  town  or  community,  if  he  is  the 
right  kind  of  a  fellow.  He  comes  in  contact  with  more  people,  probably, 
than  any  other  individual  in  the  community;  he  has  better  opportunity 
for  being  posted  on  general  conditions  and  general  business  through  the 
country  than  anyone  else;  and  if  he  is  the  right  kind  of  a  fellow  and 
taking  an  interest  in  his  work  as  he  should,  he  ought  to  be  a  leader 
in  that  community,  helping  to  mould  public  sentiment,  finding  out  what 
the  shippers  and  the  patrons  of  the  transportation  company  want  and 
desire  and  need,  and  bringing  that  constantly  up  to  his  managing  officer, 
superintendent  or  general  manager;  but  you  will  be  suprised  to  know 
that  there  is  very  little  of  that  going  on.  I  have  been  in  this  territory 
nearly  a  year;  I  have  solicited  agent  after  agent  personally  to  write  me 
the  conditions  and  tell  me  the  sentiment  of  the  people  of  their  com- 
munities. I  have  spent  in  the  year  1912  twenty-four  days  out  of  every 
month  out  on  the  line  of  road,  trying  to  get  familiar  with  the  needs  of 
our  property.  I  know  that  there  are  many  things  that  we  ought  to  do 
and  that  we  can  do,  and  that  we  are  not  doing.  First,  however,  before  I 
can  remedy  things,  I  must  know  what  the  trouble  is.  It  is  only  a  short 
time  ago  that  Mr.  Wallace  was  kind  enough  to  bring  two  or  three 
gentlemen  from  a  town  on  our  line  up  to  my  office.  They  had  a 
tremendous  grievance  when  they  came  in  there.  We  sat  and  discussed 
the  proposition,  and  just  a  few  days  ago,  Mr.  Wallace,  I  got  a  letter 
from  one  of  those  gentlemen,  stating  that  the  things  he  complained  of 
had  been  entirely  corrected,  and  that  the  service  and  operating  conditions 
were  going  more  satisfactorily  at  this  station  than  they  had  in  the  last 
ten  years.  We  can  correct  seventy-five  per  cent  of  the  troubles  that  are 
now  bothering  you  if  we  can  get  in  touch  with  you  gentlemen.  I  solicit 
13 


194  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

most  heartily  your  co-operation.  I  will  sit  down  and  discuss  the  matter 
with  you,  and  tell  you  my  side  of  the  trouble,  and  you  tell  me  yours. 
I  won't  promise  to  do  everything  that  you  suggest,  but  I  will  be  fair, 
and  if  I  can't  do  it,  I  will  tell  you  why  I  can't.  Now,  we  are  not  al- 
ways reasonable,  and  you  are  not  always  reasonable.  We  have  got  to 
find  the  common  ground  upon  which  we  can  stand.  We  have  got  to 
find  the  conservative,  middle  ground.  We  have  got  to  approach  and  con- 
sider this  subject  of  railroad  transportation  as  one  of  mutual  interest  to 
each  of  us,  and  we  have  got  to  meet  it  with  that  idea  in  our  minds. 
We  can't  do  the  impossible,  and  very  frequently  we  don't  do  the  possible, 
because  we  don't  know  about  many  of  the  conditions  that  are  wrong. 
And  sometimes  when  we  do  know  about  them,  we  don't  do  anything 
to  correct  them,  and  of  course  that  makes  people  sore  and  does  not 
have  a  tendency  to  inspire  confidence  in  the  managing  officer.  Our 
shortcomings  are  many,  I  know,  but  it  is  my  sincere  desire  to  remedy 
those  things  just  as  rapidly  as  I  can,  and  we  can  remedy  some  of  them 
by  having  friendly  co-operation  with  all  of  the  shippers.  There  is  no 
class  of  shippers  in  this  state  that  require  railroad  transportation  of 
the  character  and  class  that  you  gentlemen  do;  you  have  got  to  have 
it  in  order  that  your  business  may  prosper.  We  want  to  give  it  to  you. 
You  may  ask,  why  don't  you  do  it?  I  am  doing  all  that  I  can,  with 
the  information  that  I  have,  to  give  it  to  you.  I  know  that  in  many 
instances  it  is  not  satisfactory,  but  if  you  will  get  in  communication 
with  me,  and  tell  me  the  difficulties  at  your  place,  and  keep  on  telling 
me  about  them,  I  will  keep  on  endeavoring  and  trying  to  remedy  and 
improve  the  service. 

DISCUSSION. 

J.  C.  Oliva,  ]\rarengo :  Last  month  my  neighbor  and  I  made  up 
our  minds  that  we  would  ship  our  cattle,  and  we  were  going  to 
ship  together.  I  ordered  the  cars  for  both  of  us  about  a  week  ahead 
of  time.  I  think  I  ordered  them  on  Thursday  morning  to  ship  for 
the  following  Tuesday.  AVe  were  going  to  ship  two  of  cattle  and 
one  of  hogs,  and  I  ordered  three  cars.  On  Monday  I  found  that 
I  couldn't  get  the  hogs  together,  so  I  countermanded  the  hog  car. 
There  were  three  cars  on  the  track ;  one  of  them  had  the  draw-bar 
pulled  out;  the  other  two  were  apparently  good  cars.  I  gave  my 
neighbor  the  best  cattle  car  of  the  two.  We  got  them  loaded  up 
probably  about  twenty  minutes  before  the  train  was  due,  and  I  hap- 
pened to  walk  around  there  and  saw  that  one  end  of  my  neighbor's 
cars  was  off  from  center  on  the  truck.  I  called  the  attention  of  some 
of  the  men  around  there,  and  they  said  it  would  never  go.  I  in- 
formed the  agent,  and  he  said  they  wouldn't  take  it.  Then  I  went 
to  urging  the  agent  to  furnish  us  another  car,  and  he  wired  to 
places  where  he  thought  he  could  get  it,  but  the  dispatcher  told 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  195 

him  there  was  nothing  moving.  We  had  the  contracts  made  out, 
ready  to  hook  on  and  go.  The  agent  wouldn't  guarantee  him  a  car 
for  the  next  day.  There  was  a  stock  car  loaded  with  lumber  just 
across  the  track  at  the  station,  but  there  was  too  much  lumber  in 
it  to  unload  right  away,  so  he  took  the  cattle  home;  but  the  agent 
wouldn't  let  him  take  them  out  of  the  yard  until  he  returned  his 
contract,  which  he  did.  I  had  gone  on  with  mine.  If  he  had  got 
the  car  the  next  day,  the  market  was  lower,  and  there  would  have 
been  considerable  loss  to  my  neighbor.  He  is  a  good  sort  of  a  fel- 
low, and  didn't  put  in  a  claim  against  the  company,  and  I  didn't 
urge  him  to.  I  guess  it  was  a  good  thing,  because  he  still  has  his 
cattle,  and  the  market  is  doing  better.  But  you  can  realize  what  a 
disadvantage  it  was,  and  humiliation,  after  he  had  calculated  to 
shii^  and  had  driven  his  cattle  several  miles  to  town,  not  to  get  the 
cars,  after  they  had  been  ordered  a  week  ahead.  When  I  got  back 
from  Chicago,  I  noticed  that  there  was  still  one  car  on  the  track 
with  the  drav:-bar  pulled  out.  I  heard  afterward  that  the  car  that 
was  off  center  had  ])een  loaded  with  sheep  the  Sunday  before,  and 
unloaded ;  so  the  agent  surely  knew  the  condition  of  the  car  before 
we  loaded. 

Mr.  AVhitenton :  Of  course  the  natural  assumption  of  the  patron 
is — and  it  is  correct  from  his  viewpoint — that  of  course  the  rail- 
road management  are  responsible  for  those  cars  being  in  bad  order, 
and  that  they  sent  them  out  in  that  condition  knowingly.  Of 
course  we  don't  do  that,  but  you  can't  understand  why  the  cars 
would  stay  there  a  week  in  bad  order.  One  car  was  loaded  a  week 
previous  and  unloaded,  and  the  agent  knew  of  it.  Some  trainmen 
in  setting  that  other  car  out,  pulled  the  draw-bar  out,  and  the  prob- 
abilities are  that  they  made  no  report  of  it.  It  was  the  agent's  duty 
to  take  the  check  of  his  yard  every  morning  and  evening  and  know 
the  condition  of  every  car  there ;  and  if  he  is  going  to  need  stock 
cars  put  in  there  by  the  dispatcher  for  loading  the  following  day, 
he  ought  to  get  busy  and  get  someone  out  there  to  put  a  draw-bar 
in  that  car.  A  couple  of  men  with  jacks  could  have  put  that  car 
back  on  its  center;  it  is  a  smaller  task  to  do  that  than  to  put  in  the 
new  draw-bar.  Two  men  could  have  cleaned  the  Avhole  thing  up 
in  three  hours  if  some  one  had  gotten  busy  and  taken  the  interest 
they  should  in  the  company's  welfare  and  had  a  proper  idea  of  ac- 
commodating and  taking  care  of  the  shipping  public. 

Mr.  Oliva:  As  to  the  car  with  the  disabled  draw-bar,  they 
couldn't  have  fixed  it  out  there,  because  it  seemed  that  the  timber 


196  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

vvas  all  nicked  and  caved  in;  but  if  he  had  ordered  the  three  cars 
rs  I  directed,  we  would  have  had  the  two  cars.  All  the  way  down 
to  Chicago  I  saw  stock  cars  loaded  with  coal  and  other  freight  com- 
ing in.  That  didn't  look  right  to  me,  but  of  course  I  am  not  a  rail- 
road man  and  am  not  here  to  dictate. 

Mr.  Whitenton :  Of  course  the  railroad  companies  are  doing  just 
as  you  are :  trying  to  conduct  their  business  with  the  least  possible 
investment  consistent  with  a  return  on  the  investment.  We  are 
loading  stock  cars  with  company  coal  or  other  coal  going  to  the 
northwest,  where  we  get  a  load  back.  It  is  not  a  question  of  hav- 
ing sufficient  stock  cars  in  this  territory  to  take  care  of  the  busi- 
ness, because  we  have.  It  is  simply  a  question  of  distribution  and 
movement.  As  the  gentleman  before  me  said,  it  is  quite  a  prob- 
lem at  this  time  to  get  empty  cars  out  of  Chicago.  There  is  quite 
congestion  of  traffic  on  all  lines  in  Chicago  at  this  time.  We  have 
this  morning  in  Chicago  about  1,500  cars  of  grain,  waiting  to  be 
unloaded  at  the  various  elevators,  and  they  are  only  unloading  at 
the  rate  of  about  300  cars  a  day.  That  makes  it  difficult  to  get  our 
cars  through  the  yards  and  get  them  moving  as  fast  as  we  should. 

Mr.  Oliva :  The  section  men  were  right  there,  and  we  asked  them 
v/hether  they  couldn't  put  the  car  on  the  center,  and  they  said  that 
they  didn't  have  any  jacks,  and  didn't  want  to  tackle  it.  I  sup- 
posed it  was  out  of  their  line  of  business,  and  we  didn't  insist  on 
it;  but  the  ccnductor  said  the  track  jack  could  have  put  that  back 
on  center  in  a  short  time. 

]\Ir.  AVhitenton :  Any  ordinary  car  can  be  put  back  on  its  center 
in  thirty  minutes.  That  is  another  case  where  they  didn't  do  what 
they  should. 

J.  F.  Eisele,  Malcom:  Our  stock  yards  are  so  situated  that  we 
have  to  push  the  cars  uphill  to  get  them  to  the  chute.  It  is  a  little 
bit  on  the  wind,  and  the  same  iron  is  on  there  that  was  there  thirty 
years  ago,  and  I  guess  the  same  ties,  and  when  it  is  a  little  cold  it 
is  almost  impossible  to  push  the  cars  up  to  the  chute,  and  the  most 
of  the  time  we  have  no  crowbar.  The  Brooklyn  section  hands  claim 
the  Malcom  hands  steal  their  bars,  and  the  Malcom  hands  say  they 
steal  ours.  That  has  been  a  standing  complaint  to  my  recollection 
for  twenty-eight  years,  and  from  Mr.  Preston  down  the  line  they 
have  all  said  they  were  going  to  fix  it.  The  last  few  years  we  gave 
it  up  ;  we  got  promises,  but  we  never  got  it  fixed. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV       197 

Another  thing.  We  think  we  have  as  fine  an  agent  in  our  town 
as  there  is  on  the  Rock  Island.  He  is  courteous,  and  seems  to  be 
everything  that  he  should  be ;  but  if  we  try  to  find  out  something, 
he  tells  us  that  the  dispatcher  will  snap  his  head  o&.  if  he  asks  him 
a  question.  We  never  can  find  out  whether  or  not  we  are  going  to 
get  cars,  and  it  is  often  a  difficult  matter  to  learn  where  the  train 
is.  As  near  as  I  can  find  out,  the  reason  the  stock  leaves  our  station 
and  goes  over  the  North  Western  and  Milwaukee  is  because  the 
agent  can't  tell  even  the  night  before  whether  we  will  be  able  to 
L)ad  a  car  the  next  morning,  unless  they  are  standing  on  the  track. 

I  was  on  the  train  going  to  Chicago  three  or  four  weeks  ago,  and 
at  West  Liberty  they  let  one  of  your  trains  off  the  B.,  C.  R.  &  N. 
come  in  ahead  of  us,  and  they  had  a  lame  engine.  Finally  we  got 
to  Walcott,  and  there  were  two  good-sized  trains  of  stock — prob- 
ably thirty  or  forty  cars  to  the  train — and  we  were  behind  this 
engine  that  died  at  Walcott.  We  w^ere  four  hours  getting  coupled 
up  as  near  as  I  can  remember.  Of  course,  I  don't  understand  why. 
The  railroad  men  were  using  some  big  language,  and  they  didn't 
seem  to  be  to  blame  for  it ;  they  were  in  a  hurry,  trying  to  get  out. 

Mr.  Whitenton:  I  am  very  familiar  with  that  particular  inci- 
dent, and  I  want  to  say  to  you  that  it  was  one  of  the  rottenest 
pieces  of  railroading,  if  you  will  excuse  the  language,  that  I  have 
over  been  in  contact  with.  There  was  absolutely  no  excuse  for  it. 
It  is  another  case  of  the  employes  being  absolutely  incompetent,  and 
still  they  had  been  there  for  years.  They  said  their  engine  had 
been  lame  all  day.  It  was  put  on  the  train  at  Cedar  Rapids,  and 
came  right  out  of  their  roundhouse.  The  engineer  had  never  said 
a  word  to  anybody  that  he  was  having  trouble  with  his  engine.  The 
trainmaster  was  at  West  Liberty,  and  he  said  nothing  to  him  about 
it.  There  were  two  conductors;  one  of  them  h^id  been  in  the  serv- 
ice of  the  company  fifteen  years  and  the  other  about  twenty-one 
\ears.  They  were  in  charge  of  that  doubling-up  process  after  the 
engine  failed.  The  only  thing  to  do  was  to  double  up  and  clear  the 
main  line,  and  any  boy  fifteen  years  old  ought  to  have  handled  the 
arrangement  and  gotten  the  thing  to  moving  in  forty-five  minutes ; 
but  they  sat  down  there  and  indulged  in  big  talk  and  absolutely  did 
nothing. 

Now,  after  that  performance,  they  went  on  to  the  junction  at 
Davenport,  and  had  another  delay  because  of  the  other  train  just 
ahead  of  that.  What  happened  then  ?  An  engineer  coming  down 
the  hill  (and  this  is  only  eight-tenths  of  one  per  cent  grade),  with 


198  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

only  thirty-five  cars  in  his  train,  sat  up  there  looking  out  over  the 
country  and  let  his  engine  drift  down  and  run  over  the  switch  and 
oft'  the  track,  not  noticing  the  signal,  although  the  flag  was  out 
there;  and  it  took  an  hour  and  a  half  to  put  that  engine  back. 
Then  when  they  got  on  down,  another  engine  that  had  been  delayed 
by  that  ran  out  of  water  and  died  before  he  got  to  Silvis. 

I  am  very  glad  you  think  that  we  have  a  good  agent,  but  I  am 
afraid  I  will  have  to  disagree  with  you  just  a  little.  When  the 
agent  tells  you  that  the  train  dispatcher  cuts  him  off,  and  he  can't 
do  this,  that  and  the  otlier,  that  is  all  tommy-rot.  I  have  been  all. 
through  the  railroad  gang.  I  started  in  on  section,  and  from  there 
went  into  a  station  as  station  helper,  and  learned  telegraphing.  1 
have  been  an  agent  and  a  train  dispatcher;  I  dispatched  trains  for 
some  eight  or  ten  years.  When  I  Avas  an  agent,  I  never  let  a  train 
dispatcher  cut  me  off;  he  couldn't  get  rid  of  me.  If  I  wanted  to 
know  anything  in  taking  care  of  the  business  of  m^y  station,  I  made 
him  give  me  the  information.  He  couldn't  get  rid  of  me  by  giving 
me  a  sharp  answer  or  cutting  me  off;  he  had  to  tell  me  something 
before  I  would  ever  let  loose  of  him.  There  is  a  way  on  the  rail- 
road, just  the  same  as  there  is  in  your  business,  to  get  information 
and  results.  The  agent  can,  if  he  is  the  right  sort  of  a  fellow,  take 
care  of  seventy-five  per  cent  of  the  troubles  at  his  station.  He  can 
find  out  and  know  almost  without  cpiestion  what  his  car  supply  is 
going  to  be  the  following  day.  The  trouble  with  the  majority  of 
employes,  not  only  in  railroading  but  otherwise,  is  that  they  are 
machines;  they  want  somebody  else  to  do  their  thinking  for  them. 
If  I  can  get  a  man  to  thinking  and  acting,  even  though  he  makes 
mistakes,  I  am  pleased. 

Mr.  Eisele:  Isn't  it  a  fact  that  the  agent  doesn't  know  whether 
he  is  going  to  be  furnished  cars? 

Mr.  Whitenton :  He  can  find  out.  In  the  first  place,  the  man 
who  dispatches  trains  doesn't  have  anything  to  do  with  the  cars; 
there  is  a  man  especially  assigned  to  that  work.  He  knows  twenty- 
four  or  forty-eight  hours  in  advance  alwaj^s  what  he  can  do  on  the 
car  supply,  or  has  a  very  good  idea.  Once  in  a  while  he  gets  up 
against  it;  some  fellow  stubbed  his  toe  and  doesn't  get  the  cars  out 
just  as  he  should;  but  he  knows  approximately  the  time,  and 
whether  he  can  furnish  cars  that  have  been  ordered  or  not. 

W.  T.  Hamilton,  Wellman :  I  would  like  to  know  why  this  con- 
dition exists  at  Rock  Island  in  regard  to  taking  care  of  the  ship- 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  199 

pers  over  your  road  to  Chicago.  I  have  been  in  eastern  Iowa  for 
thirty  or  thirty-five  years,  and  the  conditions  are  about  the  same 
as  when  I  commenced  shipping.  You  never  know  where  you  are  at 
when  you  get  off  your  train;  there  never  is  anybody  to  tell  you 
v/here  the  caboose  will  be.  There  will  be  three  or  four  trains  to 
make  up  at  Silvis,  and  a  man  doesn't  know  where  his  stock  is  or 
vhat  caboose  to  get  into,  and  they  all  pile  on  one  caboose. 

Mr.  Whitenton :  I  will  be  perfectly  frank  with  jou,  Mr.  Hamil- 
ton;  I  don't  know  why  the  conditions  in  that  respect  are  as  they 
are  at  Silvis. 

Charles  Cessna,  Grinnell:  I  find  the  conditions  at  Silvis  about 
the  same  as  already  stated.  At  Savanna  and  at  Clinton,  on  the  Mil- 
waukee and  North  Western,  they  are  some  better.  Before  you  get 
off  your  train  on  the  Iowa  division  at  Savanna,  or  going  from  Ma- 
rion to  Savanna,  the  conductor  comes  around  and  punches  your 
pass,  and  says:  "This  is  second  62,  or  length  62,"  or  whatever  it 
might  be.  We  all  go  to  a  certain  place  to  eat.  A  brakeman  comes 
in  and  says:  "All  men  who  came  in  on  second  62"  (or  if  the  two 
trains  double  up,  he  says,  "second  62  and  63")  and  the  bunch  fol- 
lows him  and  gets  in  the  car,  and  are  with  the  stock  nine  times  out 
of  ten.  At  Silvis  a  man  has  no  way  to  know  what  train  his  stock 
is  on.  AVe  get  off  our  trains  and  they  are  switched  and  doubled  up, 
and  they  pull  the  train  by  and  stop  the  caboose  in  front  of  the 
office,  and  all  get  on  who  can.  Mr.  Eisele  and  I  have  several  times 
got  an  order  to  stop  the  passenger  train  at  Silvis  and  got  on  it.  Of 
(ioursc  when  vv'C  do  that  we  lose  our  return  pass. 

I\Ir.  Whitenton:  I  will  be  very  glad  to  look  into  that  Silvis  situ- 
ation. 

Will  Drurj^,  Early:  I  would  like  to  ask  Mr.  Whitenton  if  he 
couldn't  take  up  the  matter  of  receipts  with  the  railroads  west  of 
Chicago,  and  give  the  shippers  some  line  as  to  what  they  would  be. 
Yesterday  v/e  heard  from  our  commission  man  in  Chicago,  Mr. 
Walters,  stating  that  the  Ics?  to  shippers  on  Monday's  market 
v/as  $45,000,  while  their  gain  on  a  light  run  would  be  only  $15,000. 
After  a  big  run,  the  Drovers'  Journal  will  send  out  the  report  that 
the  fool  stGckm.en  flooded  the  market.  There  is  no  way  that  the 
stockmen  can  find  out  v/ho  are  going  to  ship  except  through  the 
railroads  and  if  there  was  a  bulletin  out  twelve  hours  before  the 
shipment,  they  would  not  flood  the  market  so.  Forty  thousand  or 
sixty  thousand  hogs  in  Chicago  means  a  tremendous  loss  to  the 


200  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

stockman,  and  no  benefit  to  the  railroads,  and  the  packer  gets  all 
the  benefit. 

Mr.  Whitenton:  It  would  be  very  easy,  so  far  as  we  are  con- 
cerned, to  tell  our  agents,  say  on  Friday,  that  the  orders  were  about 
;.'o  many  for  ]\Ionday  morning's  market;  and  I  know  of  no  reason 
why  other  lines  couldn't  do  the  same  thing. 

Mr.  Drury :  There  would  have  to  be  an  understanding  between 
i.'-ie  railroads  to  send  in  the  reports  to  one  headquarters.  Fifty-one 
per  cent  of  the  stock  that  goes  into  Chicago  originates  in  Iowa, 
and  if  the  Iowa  shipper  had  a  tab  on  that,  it  wouldn't  hurt  the  con- 
sumer any,  or  the  railroads,  and  it  would  help  the  shipper. 

Mr.  Whitenton:  I  will  be  very  glad  to  take  that  up  with  the 
other  lines  and  see  what  we  can  work  out  of  it. 

The  President:  I  hope  you  w^ill  be  perfectly  free  to  follow  the 
suggestions  that  have  been  made,  and  that  you  will  take  these  mat- 
ters up  with  your  local  men;  and  if  you  can't  reach  a  satisfactory 
conclusion,  refer  them  to  the  officers  of  your  association,  and  let 
them  take  them  up  with  men  like  Mr.  Whitenton  and  Mr.  Hammill, 
v\iio  are  men  in  authority  on  these  railroads,  and  who  can  do  some- 
thing for  you. 

There  was  just  one  suggestion  that  came  to  my  mind  in  connec- 
tion with  that  complaint  that  Mr.  Oliva  presented  here,  and  that 
was  that  where  Mr.  Oliva  and  his  friend  made  the  mistake,  in  my 
judgment,  was  that  after  those  cattle  were  loaded  and  billed,  they 
didn't  turn  them  over  to  the  Rock  Island  Railroad  Company.  The 
agent  had  signed  the  billing,  and  if  they  had  simply  said  to  him: 
**  These  cattle  are  in  the  hands  of  the  Rock  Island,  and  it  is  up  to 
you  to  get  them  out  of  here  or  care  for  them,"  that  would  have 
been  all  there  was  to  it;  the  agent  would  have  got  busy  and  done 
something.  Two  hours'  work  there  would  have  put  that  car  in 
condition  to  go  on  that  same  train,  and  if  the  responsibility  had 
been  thrown  on  that  agent,  he  would  have  recognized  it  and  those 
cattle  would  have  been  gotten  out  of  there. 

IMr.  Oliva:  We  considered  that  point  also,  but  my  neighbor 
wanted  to  go  when  I  went,  and  there  was  no  possible  show  appar- 
ently that  he  could  go  that  day ;  and  so  he  decided  to  take  the  cat- 
tle home  and  feed  them  a  little  longer,  because  the  market  didn't 
«iuit  him  any  too  well,  anyway. 

The  President :  Our  old  friend,  Clifford  Thorne,  is  going  to  give 
us  a  talk  at  this  time.    As  you  know,  he  has  been  very  close  to  this 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  201 

association  for  a  great  many  years,  and  we  would  hardly  feel  that 
a  program  was  filled  out  unless  we  had  a  word  from  him. 

Mr.  Thorne:  Mr.  Sykes  says  he  has  arranged  for  me  to  speak  to  fill  out 
the  time  this  morning!  Last  night  you  good  folks  heard  about  that  rail- 
road train  plowing  through  the  country,  and  the  farmer  who  had  the  dog. 
The  dog  chased  the  train  and  barked  and  caused  so  much  havoc  in  the 
vicinity  that  complaint  was  made  about  it,  and  the  farmer  said,  "Oh, 
well,  it  is  good  for  the  dog,  and  it  doesn't  hurt  the  railroad  any;  so 
let  him  bark."  Now  I  suppose  that  I  am  the  dog.  I  suppose  the  idea 
is  that  it  is  good  for  me,  and  it  doesn't  hurt  the  railroads  any,  so 
let  me  bark!  I  imagine  that  if  that  is  the  situation,  there  are  functions 
of  value  that  I  might  perform.  I  might  take  the  position  of  a  sort  of 
mediator,  and  I  don't  know  but  what  I  have  been  rightfully  criticized, 
and  that  I  should  try  to  get  you  people  together  more  than  I  do,  if  I 
were  a  broad-gauged  man.  But  you  know  if  that  dog  would  try  to  get 
that  farmer  and  the  railroad  train  together,  it  might  be  hard  on  the 
dog.  He  could  lick  the  farmer's  hand,  but  when  he  tried  to  lick  the 
train  of  cars,  it  might  cause  bruises  on  the  dog,  and  I  have  been  getting 
some  of  those  bruises  during  the  past  year  that  I  want  to  tell  you  about. 

I  think  that  this  discussion  today  has  been  very  instructive  and  very 
valuable.  I  do  think  that  we  must  take  a  more  friendly  attitude  to- 
ward each  other  and  get  rid  of  some  of  these  unfortunate  circumstances 
that  exist.  At  the  same  time,  there  are  circumstances  where  wrongs 
exist  and  they  are  not  rectified  when  you  go  to  headquarters  with  them, 
and  I  am  here  to  add  my  complaint  to  Mr.  Whitenton  and  these  rail- 
road officials,  and  I  mean  business  about  it.  It  would  have  been  very 
well  if  I  could  come  here  in  a  different  frame  of  mind,  but  during  the 
past  year  I  have  had  occasion  to  make  requests  of  the  railroad  companies, 
and  I  have  gone  to  their  highest  officials  with  them,  and  have  been  ig- 
nored absolutely.  So  I  come  back  to  you  folks  who  put  me  where  I 
am.  If  I  can't  get  relief  there,  I  propose  to  keep  coming  back  to  you 
folks  until  I  am  treated  right  in  regard  to  those  things. 

A  year  ago  you  remember  I  told  you  about  going  up  to  a  classifica- 
tion meeting.  And,  by  the  way,  do  you  know  what  a  classification  is? 
I  will  bet  a  farm  that  there  isn't  a  man  in  the  audience  outside  of  the 
employ  of  the  railroad  companies  that  can  tell  me,  A  classification  is  the 
basis  of  the  whole  rate  structure  in  this  country,  outside  of  your  commod- 
ity tariffs.  Your  commodity  tariffs  may  cover  the  great  bulk  of  the  traffic, 
but  there  are  over  7,000  articles  that  they  classify.  It  would  be  impractical 
to  name  the  rates  on  every  one  of  those  7,000  articles  between  every 
two  points  in  the  United  States;  if  you  started  out  to  do  that,  it  would 
take  more  books  than  there  are  in  the  congressional  library  at  Washing- 
ton to  hold  the  tariffs,  and  then  you  would  have  to  have  that  duplicated 
all  over  the  country.  They  distribute  these  7,000  or  8,000  articles  into 
five  or  ten  different  groups,  and  then  name  rates  on  those  classes  between 
points,  instead  of  between  points  on  each  article.  You  can  see  from 
that  explanation  how  fundamental  a  classification  is;  and  when  they 
scratch  out  the  figure  2  and  write  the  figure  1  opposite  "butter,  poultry 


202  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

and  eggs,"  that  little  action  automatically  raises  that  freight  rate  over 
$300,000  a  year.  I  went  before  the  classification  committee.  I  saw 
the  shippers  getting  up  there  and  stating  their  cause  of  action,  one 
after  the  other,  four  or  five  minutes  to  each.  You  couldn't  hear  the 
men  thirty  feet  away  because  of  the  buzz  of  fans.  Siiiteen  men  in  front 
making  the  freight  rates  for  half  a  continent — a  greater  power  than  any 
congressional  committee  now  in  operation  doing  its  work  at  Washington! 
I  said  to  the  chairman  of  that  committee  after  that  hearing:  "I  v:ant 
to  hear  the  other  side  of  these  discussions.  I  don't  hear  any  answer  in 
discussion  here.  Why  can't  I  go  in  and  hear  you  people  talk  about 
these  things?  I  want  to  hear  the  railroads'  side."  "No,"  he  said; 
"nothing  doing;  you  can't  do  that."  Those  questions  affecting  the  shippers 
of  this  state  were  decided  by  the  railroad  companies,  interested  parties, 
in  star-chamber  session,  without  .a  representative  of  the  shippers  being 
allowed  to  be  present,  when  the  chairman  knew  that  I  v/as  a  member 
of  the  Iowa  State  Board  of  Railroad  Commissioners  and  trying  my 
level  best  to  look  after  my  duty  when  I  was  there.  I  say  that  is  dead 
wrong.  A  little  bit  after  that  meeting,  I  got  a  book  at  the  office  showing 
the  proposed  changes,  and  they  named  about  2,000  of  them.  I  asked 
our  boys  to  check  that  over  by  evening  of  that  day;  I  wanted  to  know 
whether  there  was  a  general  advance  or  a  reduction.  One  of  them  said, 
"I  can  do  it  by  tomorrow  morning."  The  next  morning,  he  said  it 
would  take  him  three  months,  and  then  I  wired  different  states,  and 
they  sent  men  to  Kansas  City,  and  we  analyzed  a  certain  portion  of 
that,  asked  for  a  suspension,  and  the  entire  classification  was  sus- 
pended. Among  the  things  that  were  suspended  was  100  per  cent  ad- 
vance on  binding  twine,  and  that  has  now  been  permanently  suspended. 
There  was  a  50  to  100  per  cent  advance  on  silos.  There  were  advances 
on  minimum  weights  in  cars.  I  am  not  fighting  the  proposition  that 
you  have  to  get  good  loads  in  cars,  and  as  the  size  of  cars  gradually 
increases,  the  size  of  minimum  weights  ought  to  gradually  increase  as 
a  general  policy;  and  yet  it  is  not  fair  to  say,  simply  because  it  is 
right  to  gradually  increase  the  loads,  that  it  must  be  applied  to  every- 
thing. Let  me  give  you  one  concrete  illustration  which  does  not  affect 
you  at  all.  There  was  an  advance  on  Ferris  wheels  that  go  around  to 
cur  county  fairs  and  our  street  carnivals  of  50  per  cent  on  the  mini- 
mum weight,  because  two  wheels  can  be  put  in  a  car,  although,  as  a 
matter  of  fact,  never  more  than  one  is  shipped  in  a  car. 

The  carriers  took  the  ground  that  in  framing  the  minimum  weights 
for  the  United  States,  only  physical  capacity  of  the  cars  should  be  con- 
sidered, and  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  was  directly  divided 
on  that  proposition.  There  were  decisions  in  support  of  that  side  of 
the  case  by  eminent  members  of  the  commission,  but  at  the  conclusion 
of  our  hearing  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  ruled  that  com- 
mercial conditions  must  also  be  considered  in  framing  minimum  weights. 
In  the  case  of  the  Ferris  wheels,  there  would  have  been  an  instance 
of  an  advance  of  50  per  cent  minimum  weight  that  would  be  absolutely 
unreasonable.  The  point  is  that  there  is  a  fundamental  proposition, 
nation-wide  in  importance,  that  will  help  determine  on  a  fair  basis  your 
minimum  weight. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV      20'3 

Now,  I  asked  the  representatives  of  these  railroad  companies  at 
Chicago  to  let  me  look  over  their  records  of  minimum  weights  for  a 
year,  to  find  out  what  actual  movements  of  articles  there  were.  Could 
there  be  a  fairer  request  than  that?  Here  I  am,  an  attorney  for  you 
people,  those  people  had  all  the  information  in  their  possession.  Wasn't 
it  right,  gentlemen,  that  I  should  see  their  records,  showing  the  mini- 
mum weights?  They  let  us  send  up  a  man,  left  him  to  examine  the 
records  for  two  or  three  days,  and  then  stopped  him  and  denied  access 
to  your  chosen  representative  to  their  records  of  minimum  weights.  I 
say  that  kind  of  thing  must  never  be  repeated,  and  the  next  time  I  ask 
these  railroad  companies  for  information,  I  want  them  to  know  through 
Mr.  Whitenton  that  if  they  don't  give  it  to  me,  I  am  going  to  keep  on 
te;ling  the  folks  over  this  state  what  they  are  doing  until  they  learn 
to  come  across! 

During  that  case  there  were  some  recommendations  by  the  uniform 
classification  committee.  I  asked  for  a  copy  of  those  recommendations, 
because  they  w^ere  using  their  recommendations  as  a  basis  for  the 
change  in  rates;  and  that  was  refused.  The  result  of  the  case  was  that 
the  commission  laid  down  a  few  general  principles,  and  the  question 
of  a  practical  application  of  those  principles  is  now  at  stake.  Of  course 
it  is  all  right  to  have  a  general  principle,  but  it  is  also  important  to 
see  that  applied  practically;  I  hope  those  will  be.  They  made  specific 
orders  on  about  100  different  cases  that  were  heard  during  the  case. 

Now  that  I  have  made  these  statements  as  to  my  sore  spots  (and  I 
have  stated  them  as  forcibly  as  I  could  with  my  meager  capacity,  to  you 
folks;  I  stated  them  to  the  railroads  before,  and  didn't  get  results),  I 
feel  better;  I  have  got  it  out  of  my  system!  And  I  will  say 
on  the  other  side  of  this  story  that  we  have  lots  of  complaints 
come  into  our  office  that  are  absolutely  groundless,  and  lots  of  com- 
plaints that  have  a  good  foundation;  and  I  will  say  that  when  I  go  to 
consult  with  these  railroad  officials  in  the  city  of  Des  Moines,  I  have, 
without  any  exception,  received  the  finest  kind  of  treatment.  One  of 
the  broadest-gauged,  biggest  men  in  the  whole  railroad  service  in  this 
country  that  I  know  of  or  have  had  any  dealings  with  sits  right  here 
in  your  presence — Mr.  Whitenton;  and  I  am  in  hopes  that  as  a  result 
of  his  presence  in  this  state,  a  healthier  and  better  relationship  will  be 
created  between  us  and  the  carriers. 

Last  night  considerable  was  said  about  our  interest  being  mutual, 
and  that  there  was  no  reason  why  we  couldn't  waive  all  differences. 
There  is  a  great  deal  of  truth  in  that,  especially  as  to  service.  Serv- 
ice is  one  of  the  most  important  things  that  you  have  to  deal  with,  and 
one  of  the  hardest  things  for  us  to  deal  with.  When  an  employe  of  a 
railroad  company  violates  orders  or  makes  a  mistake,  it  is  hard  for  me 
to  say  how  a  state  commission  can  devise  an  order  that  will  compel 
that  employe  to  do  his  duty.  We  will  try  to  help  solve  these  problems, 
but  while  we  are  trying  to  do  that,  please  remember  that  the  carrier 
is  equally  earnest  and  solicitous  in  solving  the  same  problems  that  we 
are  trying  to  solve,  and  it  is  only  where  we  would  have  better  judg- 
ment  than   he   that   we   would   succeed;    and   you   know   that   he,   with 


204  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

his  years  of  experience  in  dealing  with  those  problems,  is  more  liable 
to  solve  a  service  question  than  a  railroad  commissioner  is  because  he 
is  just  as  anxious  as  the  railroad  commissioner  is,  to  secure  that  reason- 
able service.  At  the  same  time,  we  are  trying  now,  and  will  continue 
to  try  with  all  of  our  might  and  main,  to  remedy  these  conditions, 
because  I  know  what  a  bad  service  means,  and  I  know  how  that  becomes 
more  important  to  any  given  shipper  than  the  rates  on  that  particular 
haul. 

But  there  is  another  phase  of  those  questions  where  our  interests  are 
not  in  common,  and  there  is  no  use  trying  to  evade  the  point,  because 
it  does  exist.  Judge  McPherson  said  yesterday,  according  to  the  papers, 
that  we  ought  to  quit  fighting  for  better  rates;  that  it  is  a  matter  of 
service  solely,  or  chiefly,  that  you  are  interested  in;  that  the  rates  are 
not  unreasonable.  That  brings  up  the  other  side  of  that  problem.  If  you 
are  making  cattle  and  hogs,  you  want  to  make  a  good  quality  of  cattle 
and  hogs;  it  is  to  your  own  and  the  consumer's  interest  that  you 
should.  In  that  respect,  your  interests  and  the  consumer's  are  exactly  the 
same.  But  when  it  comes  to  paying  for  those  cattle  and  hogs,  your  in- 
terests and  the  consumer's  are  directly  opposed  to  each  other,  and  there 
is  no  use  trying  to  beat  around  the  bush.  It  is  to  the  interests  of  the 
carriers  to  do  this  service  well,  and  to  get  as  much  as  they  reasonably  can 
out  of  it,  so  that  it  doesn't  hurt  business  generally.  It  may  seem  to  you 
that  I  have  given  too  much  attention  to  interstate  matters,  but  when  I 
call  your  attention  to  the  statement  of  Mr  Davis  last  night,  that  over  90 
per  cent  of  the  business  is  interstate,  you  can  perhaps  see  the  reason  why 
a  great  deal  of  attention  ought  to  be  given  to  interstate  matters.  As  to 
interstate  matters,  I  am  not  a  judge,  but  a  prosecutor,  and  therefore  I 
may  take  the  attitude  of  an  advocate  as  to  interstate  matters.  I  will 
co-operate  with  Mr.  Whitenton  and  Mr.  Davis  and  these  other  railroad 
men  any  day  to  make  it  impossible  for  the  railroad  commission  to  be 
both  prosecutor  and  judge.  It  is  a  bad  combination;  it  unconsciously 
biases  the  judgment  of  a  man.  If  we  are  continually  lawing  with  each 
other  in  court,  neither  one  of  us  would  like  to  see  the  other  side  on  the 
bench  in  a  case  where  the  other's  interests  were  involved.  I  am  perfectly 
willing  to  change  that,  but  so  long  as  the  law  remains  as  it  is  today,  I 
feel  it  is  my  duty  to  attend  to  that  90  per  cent  of  the  business,  until  the 
commerce  counsel  department  gets  thoroughly  developed.  When  that  day 
comes — and  it  ought  to  come  shortly — I  think  the  commerce  counsel 
should  attend  to  all  interstate  matters,  and  the  state  commission  be  re- 
lieved of  those  duties.  At  the  present  moment,  anybody  who  tells  you 
that  our  interstate  rates  are  right  is  not  telling  you  the  truth.  You 
people  are  anxious  to  build  up  Iowa,  aren't  you?  You  are  not  just  rais- 
ing cattle  and  hogs;  you  want  to  see  cities  develop  here  and  factories 
come  to  this  state;  and  one  of  the  finest  things  about  the  Corn  Belt  As- 
sociation is  the  fact  that  you  do  discuss  these  big,  broad  questions.  One 
essential  to  the  building  up  of  factories  in  this  state  is  an  equitable  ad- 
justment of  freight  rates. 

I  was  down  here  at  Keokuk,  trying  a  case  before  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission  the  other  day,  and  I  had  Mr.  Hugh  L.  Cooper  on  the 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV  205 

stand,  Mr.  Cooper  has  built  more  water  power  than  any  other  three  men 
on  the  face  of  the  earth.  He  would  certainly  estimate  to  its  full  the  im- 
portance of  cheap  water  power.  But  listen  to  his  testimony:  He  said 
that  he  had  made  careful  estimates  of  the  cost  of  power  on  a  representa- 
tive commodity.  The  commodity  he  took*  was  flour;  and  he  swore  that 
it  cost  approximately  one  and  two-thirds  cents  a  hundred  pounds  to  make 
flour,  so  far  as  the  power  is  concerned.  The  difference  in  freight  rates 
between  Quincy  and  St.  Louis  in  first-class  traffic  from  the  Atlantic  coast 
is  9  cents  down  to  4  cents  for  the  lower  classes,  while  the  power  only 
costs  one  and  two-thirds  cents  a  hundred  pounds.  That  is  representative 
of  the  rate  on  thousands  of  articles.  In  other  words,  if  you  wanted  to 
build  a  factory,  and  were  considering  going  to  Keokuk  or  to  Quincy, 
thirty-one  miles  down  the  river,  if  Keokuk  offered  to  give  you  the  power 
free  of  charge  as  long  as  you  are  in  business,  it  would  pay  you  to  go 
to  Quincy  instead  of  Keokuk,  because  of  the  freight  rates.  Of  course  there 
are  other  factors  than  power  and  freight  rates  involved  in  our  manufac- 
turing and  jobbing  business,  but  I  have  found  in  my  short  life  that  there 
isn't  very  much  difference  between  our  human  morals  in  the  long  run. 
You  will  never  be  able  to  build  up  factories  in  Iowa  as  Chicago  and  St. 
Louis  have — you  will  never  get  a  Chicago  or  a  St.  Louis  in  Iowa — until 
you  are  on  a  parity  with  Chicago  and  St.  Louis. 

There  was  a  statement  made  last  night  about  the  development  of  this 
country.  That  is  a  very  interesting  proposition  to  me.  You  know  we 
are  closer  to  the  center  of  population  and  to  the  center  of  production 
than  those  states  and  cities  in  the  east,  and  I  do  truly  expect  to  see  the 
day  come  when  this  will  be  the  industrial  center  of  the  United  States. 
The  center  of  population  is  just  over  here  in  Illinois  or  Indiana,  close  to 
the  Mississippi  river.  The  manufacturers  in  the  east  are  looking  for  lo- 
cations out  here  in  the  west.  They  know  that  if  they  don't  come  out 
here  to  this  section  of  the  country,  their  competitors  will,  or  some  other 
competitors  will  grow  up  here  and  take  the  business.  They  are  coming 
here,  and  the  question  is,  where  will  they  come  to?  Will  they  come  to 
Chicago  and  vicinity,  St.  Louis  and  vicinity,  or  will  they  come  into  Iowa? 
Already,  the  far-sighted  financiers  of  the  country  realize  the  strategic 
importance  of  locating  in  this  part  of  America.  Where  did  the  steel  trust 
locate  their  great  plant?  At  Gary,  Indiana,  close  to  Chicago.  Where  did 
the  Standard  Oil  Company  build  its  great  new  plant?  At  Whiting,  Indi- 
ana, close  to  Chicago.  The  Sugar  Creek  Refinery  is  just  out  of  Kansas 
City.  The  greatest  milling  houses  in  the  country  are  at  Minneapolis.  The 
greatest  production  of  live  stock  is  down  south;  corn  up  here;  wheat  and 
oats  right  through  this  section.  Those  two  greatest  financial  concerns  in 
the  country,  fully  appreciating  that  fact,  have  come  out  here  in  the  heart 
of  the  United  States,  close  to  the  Mississippi  valley,  and  it  is  only  a 
question  of  time  till  where  you  and  I  now  are  will  be  the  industrial  cen- 
ter of  the  United  Statesi.  If  we  can  only  get  on  an  equality  with  these 
rival  cities,  we  can  have  a  few  cities  within  the  state  of  Iowa.  The  regu- 
lation of  these  things  is  necessary. 


206  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

I  think  the  work  that  we  have  been  doing  in  regard  to  railroads  is 
just  pioneering  in  regard  to  other  business.  Today  you  have  over  at  the 
state  house  pending  measures  providing  for  the  regulation  of  public  utili- 
ties. There  is  just  one  phase  of  that  that  somewhat  embarasses  me.  Mr. 
Erickson,  of  Wisconsin,  says  that  he  devotes  75  per  cent  of  his  time  to 
the  public  utilities,  and  the  balance  to  the  railroads.  Mr.  Lee,  of  the 
Washington  railroad  commission,  said  that  he  didn't  have  any  time  at 
all  to  give  to  the  railroads  since  they  had  the  public  utility  law  in  Wash- 
ington. It  will  be  rather  &ad  if  I  have  to  devote  all  of  my  time,  or  four- 
fifths  of  it,  to  the  public  utilities — v/ouldn't  you  think  so,  Mr.  Whitenton? 
I?ut  the  time  is  coming,  I  sincerely  hope,  that  Iowa  will  not  find  it  nec- 
essary to  copy  after  Wisconsin  or  any  other  state.  We  have  been  late  in 
securing  public  utility  regulation  in  this  country,  but  we  can  profit  by  the 
experience  of  other  states.  We  can  get  some  good  ideas  from  the  John- 
son (California)  law,  and  the  Hughes  (New  York)  law,  and  the  La 
Follette  law  in  Wisconsin,  and  the  Oklahoma,  Ohio  and  Virginia  laws. 
"We  can  take  the  best  results  of  their  experience  in  regard  to  these  mat- 
ters and  incorporate  them  in  a  great  Iowa  public  utility  law,  wliich  I 
think  will  be  done.  There  are  other  lines  of  big  business  going  to  be 
regulated.  Recently  a  man  very  prominent  in  one  of  our  political  parties 
said  at  Chicago  that  monopolies  are  going  to  pass  out  of  existence,  and 
that  the  business  men  of  this  country  must  make  up  their  minds  to  that 
fact.  Do  you  really  think  that  is  true?  Take  it  in  your  home  town, 
do  you  want  one  telephone  company,  or  three  or  four?  Isn't  it  better 
for  you  to  have  just  one  telephone  company,  if  that  one  is  charging  rea- 
sonable rates?  You  don't  want  tv/o  or  three  or  half  a  dozen  receivers 
in  your  house  in  order  to  be  able  to  talk  to  your  neighbors  and  friends. 
The  same  is  true  about  your  water  works  and  gas  works.  You  don't 
want  a  number  of  rival  concerns  to  make  competition  more  costly  and 
make  the  employment  of  additional  help  necessary  to  give  you  the  serv- 
ice that  one  set  of  men  would  give  you  if  there  was  only  one  company 
there.  If  you  live  in  a  town  which  a  couple  of  railroads  to  Chicago,  do 
you  want  half  a  dozen  more,  making  the  cost  pile  up  which  they  have 
to  pay,  and  increasing  the  value  upon  which  they  have  to  pay  a  return? 
You  don't  want  that  situation,  and  we  don't  want  any  settled  rate  wars; 
we  want  a  reasonable  cost.  We  don't  want  service  below  cost,  but  we 
want  to  give  them  a  reasonable  return,  therefore  let  them  combine,  and 
then  we  attempt  to  regulate  them  after  they  have  combined.  This  thing  of 
busting  the  combinations  is  hard  to  carry  through.  A  few  years  ago, 
they  busted  the  Standard  Oil  Company  in  Ohio,  and  drove  it  out  of  the 
state;  it  has  been  there  ever  since.  They  drove  it  out  of  Texas;  but  it 
is  there  yet.  Hadlej^  down  here,  made  a  national  reputation  driving  the 
Standard  Oil  Company  out  of  Missouri,  and  yet  she  is  there  just  as  much 
today  as  she  ever  was.  Last  year  the  attorney  general  busted  the  Stand- 
ard Oil  Company,  dissolved  it,  and  drove  it  out  of  existence  in  the 
United  States  of  America;  and  yet  the  Standard  Oil  Company  has  been 
here  ever  since,  and  her  stock  sold  a  hundred  million  dollars  higher  on 
the  market  the  week  after  she  was  busted.  It  may  be  possible  to  destroy 
these  combinations  or  create  effective  competition   but  by  our  past  exper- 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  207 

ience  I  should  judge  that  it  is  going  to  take  considerable  time  to  per- 
form that  task;  and  while  that  time  is  going  by,  if  I  mistake  not,  you 
peop'e  and  other  folks  over  this  country  are  going  to  demand  that  we 
shall  have  regulation  of  all  big  business;  and  I  suggest  to  your  minds  one 
principle  that  shall  guide  in  that  kind  of  legislation.  I  suggest  to  you 
that  whenever  a  business  becomes  dominated  by  a  monopoly,  just  that 
soon  it  shall  be  regulated,  and  the  prices  it  charges  shall  be  regulated. 
Somebody  said  to  me,  when  I  suggested  that  principle  to  him:  "I  sup- 
pose you  would  have  them  trying  to  regulate  the  price  of  potatoes  in 
Bird'seye,  Iowa,  and  Houston,  Texas,  and  Blue  Grass,  Nebraska?"  Well, 
I  will  tell  you  that  if  the  day  ever  comes  when  a  small  group  of  men 
can  get  together,  like  that  Western  Classification  Committee  that  I  told 
you  about,  in  a  room  in  Chicago,  and  can  fix  the  price  on  potatoes  in 
Bird'seye,  Iowa,  and  Houston,  Texas,  and  Blue  Grass,  Nebraska,  and  every 
other  town  and  village  in  the  western  half  of  the  United  States,  I  will  say, 
just  that  instant  we  must  have  regulation  of  the  price  of  pota- 
toes. I  don't  think  it  will  ever  be  possible  for  that  day  to  come.  I 
don't  think  the  farmers  of  the  country  can  ever  get  together  and  agree 
as  to  the  price  of  grain  and  live  stock,  because  you  will  always  have 
competition  in  the  production  of  these  necessaries  of  life,  and  because  it 
only  takes  a  small  investment  to  produce  them.  Anybody  can  go  into 
business  and  become  a  competitor;  but  it  takes  quite  a  little  investment 
nowadays  to  produce  an  investment  to  compete  with  the  Standard  Oil 
Company. 

I  don't  want  to  leave  the  impression  on  your  minds  that  tnis  is  going 
to  be  a  continual  fight  as  far  as  I  am  concerned.  Mr.  Whitenton  said  he 
wasn't  a  fighter.  I  am  in  hopes  that  the  day  will  come  when  we  can 
all  sit  down  in  peace  and  quiet,  love  and  charity.  And  in  regard  to  these 
big  problems,  I  think  while  here  and  there  there  are  abuses,  yet  I  be- 
lieve we  are  getting  closer  together.  I  know  it  is  not  my  ambition  at  all 
to  hurt  capital.  I  want  to  see  capital  have  an  adequate  return,  and  it  is 
return  that  the  companies  want.  They  are  not  giving  this  service  out  of 
philanthropy;  it  is  the  rates  that  they  are  after;  it  is  their  revenue  they 
want  to  protect;  and  I  am  perfectly  willing  and  anxious  that  it  shall  be 
protected  and  that  capital  shall  have  an  abundant  return;  because  when 
you  prevent  these  railroad  companies  from  getting  a  reasonable  return, 
it  means  that  they  can  not  get  capital  to  build  better  cars,  better  road- 
beds, better  engines;  and  it  is  up  to  us  to  see  that  they  shall  have  abun- 
dance, in  order  to  make  their  investments  attractive  so  that  they  can  get 
the  capital  to  give  us  better  facilities  that  we  are  demanding  of  them. 
And  then,  do  you  know,  I  think  after  this  commerce  counsel  department 
is  thoroughly  developed  and  has  abundance  of  employes  provided  by  the 
state,  and  after  I  am  not  prosecuting  cases  any  more,  Mr.  Whitenton, 
but  just  hear  people  try  cases  before  me,  I  sort  of  believe  that  I  will  quiet 
down  and  get  peaceable-like.  I  have  thought,  too,  that  there  was  a  cer- 
tain salve  that  you  might  rub  on  my  sore  spots  and  relieve  the  situation 
a  little.  I  don't  know  whether  you  have  heard  about  the  great  American 
salve  or  not.  I  told  these  gentlemen  about  it  once,  a  long  time  ago,  and 
I  am  going  to  tell  it  again,  so  that  you  can  hear  it. 


208  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

There  was  a  man  peddling  out  in  the  country  down  south  one  day, 
and  he  leaned  up  against  the  fence  and  called  to  a  farmer  who  was 
working  in  the  field  to  come  up.  The  farmer  came  up,  and  the  peddler 
said:  "I  have  some  American  salve  that  I  would  like  to  sell  you — a 
splendid  article — wonderful  power.  You  see  that  dog  that  you  have  over 
there?  If  that  dog  should  happen  to  get  his  tail  cut  off  some  time,  you 
could  just  rub  a  little  bit  of  this  salve  on  the  tail  where  the  dog  came 
off,  and  on  the  dog  where  the  tail  came  off,  and  the  two  would  grow  to- 
gether all  right."  "Oh,"  said  the  farmer,  "that  ain't  nothin'.  You  see 
that  other  dog  over  there?  One  time  I  took  that  dog  to  the  city  and  a 
street  car  ran  over  his  tail,  and  I  picked  up  the  dog  and  the  little  tail 
and  took  them  home,  and  I  rubbed  a  little  home-made  salve  on  the  tail 
where  the  dog  came  off,  and  on  the  dog  where  the  tail  came  off,  and  a 
new  dog  grew  out  on  the  tail  and  a  new  tail  grew  out  on  the  dog,  and 
I  had  two  dogs;  and  before  I  got  out  of  town  they  arrested  me  for  retail- 
ing dogs  w^ithout  a  license."  If  the  railroads  w^ere  to  rub  some  of  that 
salve  on  me,  maybe  that  would  help  out! 

The  conventicn  thereupon  adjourned  to  1 :30  p.  m. 

Afternoon  Session. 

]Mr.  "Will  Drury  submitted  to  the  members  present  the  sugges- 
tion that  an  arrangement  might  be  made  with  the  railroads  by 
which  berth  cars  could  be  furnished  stockmen  from  the  ^Missouri 
river  to  Chicago  at  the  rate  of  50  cents  per  hundred  miles.  The 
sentiment  of  the  members  was  practically  unanimous  in  favor  of 
such  an  arrangement. 

The  President:  We  will  now  listen  to  an  address  by  Mr.  T.  W. 
Tomlinson,  secretary  of  the  American  National  Live  Stock  As- 
sociation, whose  home  is  in  Denver,  Colorado. 

Mr.  Tomlinson:  Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen — I  will  not  tire  you  by 
talking  of  the  work  of  our  national  association,  but  will  touch  on  some  of 
the  important  questions.  One  which  is  now  confronting  us  and  you  is 
the  tariff  question.  You  will  recall  that  at  the  last  session  of  congress, 
the  democrats,  for  political  purposes  only,  passed  what  is  called  the 
free  list.  That  followed  the  failure  of  the  Canadian  reciprocity  treaty, 
which  was  to  admit  from  Canada  cattle  and  all  grain  products  free, 
and  made  a  slight  reduction  in  the  duty  on  meats  and  flour.  Our  asso- 
ciation opposed  the  Canadian  reciprocity  treaty  more  as  a  matter  of 
principle  than  on  account  of  the  effect  it  might  have  on  live  stock 
values  in  this  country.  However,  we  then  contended — and  still  contend 
— that  the  free  importation  of  cattle  would  have  an  appreciable  effect 
on  live  stock  prices  in  this  country.  If  you  followed  the  discussion  of 
that  matter  closely  in  the  papers,  you  will  probably  recall  that  the 
proposers  of  that  treaty — President  Taft  at  the  head  of  them — insisted 
that  live   stock  was  higher  in   Canada  than  in  the  United   States,  anc, 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  209 

that  the  free  interchange  would  result  in  great  benefit  to  this  coun- 
try, because  we  could  sell  our  live  stock  in  Canada  at  a  higher  price 
than  we  could  get  in  this  country.  During  the  past  year,  probably 
20,000  cattle  have  come  from  Canada  to  the  Chicago  market.  Those 
paid  a  duty  of  $25  a  head.  That  is  the  best  evidence  that  cattle  are 
not  higher  in  Canada  than  in  the  United  States.  We  opposed  the  treaty 
as  a  matter  of  principle.  It  was  the  opening  wedge.  If  we  could  see 
that  cattle  could  be  brought  in  free  from  Canada,  we  had  no  ground 
to  stand  on  for  opposing  the  entry  of  free  cattle  from  Mexico;  neither 
did  we  have  any  ground  for  opposing  the  free  meat  proposition. 

The  free  list  proposition  which  is  pending  before  the  ways  and  means 
committee  in  Washington  provides  for  free  entry  of  meats,  grain  and 
grain  products,  practically  all  the  products  of  the  farm.  It  takes  off 
the  duty  on  some  agricultural  implements,  puts  boots  and  shoes  on 
the  free  list,  some  kinds  of  lumber,  and  certain  kinds  of  leather.  You 
would  surrender  about  100  per  cent  and  get  back  two  and  a  half  or 
five  per  cent.  It  is  a  bill  absolutely  against  the  interests  of  the 
stockman  and  the  farmer.  It  takes  away  from  you  every  scintilla  of 
protection  or  benefit  that  now  inures  to  you  by  reason  of  the  present 
duty  on  your  products. 

This  tax  question  (because  the  tariff  is  in  reality  an  indirect  tax) 
is  as  old  as  history.  It  has  disturbed  all  nations  at  all  times.  You 
remember  the  Boston  Tea  Party.  I  heard  a  man  this  morning  talk 
about  the  increased  tax  on  his  land  in  Iowa.  The  tax  matter  is  always 
one  of  great  dispute,  and  the  tariff  is  probably  the  most  disputed  item 
in  all  our  government  affairs.  If  there  was  any  possibility  of  this 
country  going  onto  a  free  trade  basis,  we  might  complacently  view  the 
putting  of  our  products  on  the  free  list;  but  free  trade  is  an  irri- 
descent  term.  It  takes  a  vast  amount  of  money,  about  three-quarters 
of  a  billion  dollars  annually,  to  support  this  government,  and  we  raise 
by  import  duties  on  the  products  coming  into  this  country  close  to 
$350,000,000  annually;  the  balance  comes  from  the  internal  revenue  taxes 
on  liquors  and  tobacco,  and  a  small  proportion  comes  from  taxes  on 
corporations  and  from  miscellaneous  sources.  When  the  income  tax 
comes  in,  that  may  contribute  about  $100,000,000  more;  but  I  suppose 
about  the  time  we  get  that  income  tax  in,  our  expenses  will  increase  suf- 
ficiently to  eat  that  up.  Unless  some  other  sensible  and  less  burdensome 
method  of  raising  $350,000,000  is  devised,  we  must  perforce  pursue  the 
same  plan  of  raising  that  vast  amount  of  money  to  support  the  govern- 
ment. Congress  does  not  propose  to  put  these  items  that  pay  heavy  du- 
ties on  the  free  list;  they  will  select  only  those  on  which  the  revenue 
is  possibly  inappreciable.  No  one  is  talking  about  putting  live  cattle  on 
the  free  list,  simply  because  live  cattle  pay  a  duty  coming  into  this  coun- 
try in  a  very  appreciable  amount.  We  are  importing  from  Mexico  close 
to  250,000  cattle  annually  (not  so  many  right  now,  on  account  of  the  in- 
ternal dissension),  which  will  pay  at  least  $3.75  a  head.  There  is  an 
item  of  revenue  which  the  government  needs,  and  which  the  ways  and 
means  committee  is  not  going  to  overlook.  They  are  tempted,  of  course, 
to  reduce  and  put  on  the  free  list  those  articles  which  do  not  yield  to 
14 


210  IOWA  depart:\ient  of  agriculture 

the  government  very  much  revenue,  and  at  present  meats,  grain  and  grain 
products  do  not  yield  very  much.  However,  we  stand  for  principle.  If 
there  be  any  benefit  coming  from  the  imposition  of  any  kind  of  duties 
(and  you  must  concede  that  there  is  a  benefit  arising  from  an  import  duty 
on  articles  which  you  produce  in  this  country),  we  want  that  benefit  or 
favor  distributed  equitably.  We  don't  Vv'ant  the  farmer  to  stand  all  the 
burden  and  the  manufacturer  to  reap  all  the  benefits.  Take  the  Mexican 
cattle  situation:  the  contracts  covering  those  cattle  provide  that  in  the 
event  the  duty  is  removed,  the  price  to  the  seller  in  Mexico  will  be  in- 
creased by  the  amount  of  the  duty.  Therefore  this  country  would  not  get 
any  cheaper  cattle  from  Mexico;  neither  would  they  from  Canada.  You 
would  simply  pay  the  present  prevailing  price,  and  the  benefit  would  be 
transferred  from  this  country  to  Mexico  or  Canada. 

There  is  a  great  diversity  of  opinion  as  to  whether  the  free  importa- 
tion of  meats  would  have  a  very  marked  effect  on  live  stock  prices  in 
this  country.  Uncle  Henry  Wallace  voiced  a  very  general  sentiment  last 
night  when  he  said  it  would  be  disastrous  to  the  live  stock  interests  of 
this  country.  I  agree  with  him  entirely  in  what  he  said,  under  normal 
conditions.  Possibly  today,  with  extraordinary  world  conditions  and 
shortage  all  over  the  world,  the  effect  of  the  free  importation  of  meat 
might  not  be  so  great  as  some  would  have  us  believe.  Still  the  moment 
conditions  get  back  to  normal,  and  you  have  all  you  want  in  this  coun- 
try and  a  little  to  export,  and  they  bring  in  a  few  shiploads  from  South 
America,  it  will  have  a  pronounced  effect  on  prices  all  over  this  country. 
Now,  congress  ought  not  to  legislate  to  meet  the  present  abnormal  condi- 
tions; it  ought  to  be  broad  and  big  enough  to  view  the  conditions  that 
may  arise  in  the  next  two  or  three  decades.  Under  the  stimulus  of  the 
present  profitable  prices,  there  is  no  doubt  in  my  mind,  and  there  should 
not  be  in  yours,  that  the  live  stock  production  of  this  country  will  rapidly 
resume  its  former  condition,  when  we  had  plenty  for  ourselves  and  some 
for  export.  Of  course  we  have  plenty  of  hogs  for  export,  and  we  export  $100,- 
000,000  worth  of  hog  products  annually.  We  raise  about  80  per  cent  of 
the  corn  crop  of  the  world,  and  have  vastly  more  hogs  than  any  other 
nation  in  the  world.  We  will  never  cut  much  figure  in  the  exportation  of 
sheep,  because  we  can't  compete  with  Australasia. 

There  was  a  hearing  in  Washington  on  the  matter  of  import  duties  on 
agricultural  products  and  live  stock,  known  in  tariff  parlance  as  "Schedule 
G."  Our  association  arranged  to  be  represented  down  there,  and  our 
Mr.  Cowan  went  there  with  the  resolutions  of  our  Phoenix  meeting,  and 
presented  them  to  this  committee  in  the  form  of  a  brief,  which  I  will  be 
very  glad  to  send  to  anyone  interested.  It  is  a  compendium  of  all  useful 
and  interesting  information  on  the  question  of  live  stock  conditions  in 
this  country  and  abroad,  and  the  possible  effect  of  the  tariff. 

When  I  came  through  Kansas  City  on  Monday,  I  stopped  off  to  find  out 
the  status  of  a  suit  which  had  been  won  against  fourteen  members  of 
the  Traders'  Exchange,  involving  the  fate  of  the  ill-fated  Co-operative  Com- 
mission Company,  with  which  I  suppose  a  good  many  of  you  are  famil- 
iar. That  judgment  is  now  in  the  supreme  court  of  Missouri;  it  has 
been  there  for  a  couple  of  years.    The  judgment  now  amounts  to  close  to 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IV      211 

$70,000.  The  supreme  court  of  Missouri  will  undoubtedly  hand  down  its 
decision,  if  not  this  spring,  certainly  next  fall.  I  have  every  confidence 
that  it  will  be  in  our  favor.  While  we  were  not  entirely  successful  in 
running  a  co-operative  commission  com.pany  (and  I  eay  "we"  because  you 
had  as  much  to  do  with  it,  I  think,  as  I  did)  we  were  successful  in  a 
good  many  ways;  we  had  our  victories  as  well  as  our  defeats.  When  the 
Co-operative  Commission  Company  started  its  existence,  there  were  num- 
erous decisions  of  federal  and  slate  courts  to  the  effect  that  all  these  live 
stock  exchanges  were  highly  beneficent  associations.  Even  the  Traders' 
Exchange  got  a  decision  to  the  effect  that  it  vvas  a  very  laudable  com- 
bination of  enterprising  business  men.  When  we  commenced  to  meet 
with  our  troubles  at  Kansas  City,  one  of  the  duties  devolving  upon  me 
was  to  start  a  fev/  law  suits.  I  prevailed  upon  the  attorney  general  and 
governor  of  Kansas  to  interest  themselves,  on  behalf  of  the  Kansas  ship- 
pers, and  they  had  a  long-drawn-out  lawsuit  involving  taking  testimony 
for  about  seventy-five  days.  When  the  case  was  finally  decided,  a  perma- 
nent injunction  was  given  against  any  boycott  on  the  Kansas  City  yards, 
so  far  as  the  Traders'  Exchange  was  concerned.  By  the  way,  the  state  of 
Kansas  spent  about  $15,000  in  that  suit. 

Inasmuch  as  the  Traders'  Exchange  boarded  over  in  the  state  of  Mis- 
souri, we  thought  it  best  to  do  a  little  work  on  the  Missouri  side  as  well, 
and  we  interested  Governor  Hadley,  also  Attorney  General  Major  (now 
governor),  and  they  took  it  up.  Attorney  General  Major  filed  that  suit, 
used  our  attorneys  in  the  case,  and  got  a  very  sweeping  victory.  The 
Traders'  Exchange  is  practically  out  of  existence  on  the  Kansas  City 
market;  there  are  about  as  many  independent  traders  as  members  of  the 
exchange.  I  am  informed  that  anybody  can  go  in  there  and  buy  live 
stock  from  the  commission  men  without  any  trouble.  We  have  won  so 
far  four  different  cases  against  these  combinations  in  and  around  the 
Kansas  City  market  on  both  the  Kansas  and  Missouri  sides,  and  if 
another  co-operative  commission  ever  sees  fit  to  start,  as  I  presume  will 
be  done  in  the  future,  it  can  successfully  operate  on  some  of  these  mar- 
kets— although  I  probably  will  not  be  connected  with  it. 

You  probabT  are  acquainted  with  the  advance  of  commission  charges 
at  these  various  markets.  I  am  not  one  who  thinks  that  the  commission 
firms  are  getting  over-rich  at  the  present  charges;  in  fact,  I  think  their 
net  results  are  not  any  more  than  reasonable.  The  trouble  is  that  there 
are  too  many  commission  firms  in  business;  you  all  know  that  as  well  as 
I  do.  Of  course  they  can't  regulate  that;  they  would  probably  be  a  trust 
themselves  if  they  tried  to  limit  the  number  of  commission  men  operating 
at  any  particular  point.  However,  I  am  satisfied  that  if  there  were 
about  a  third  the  number  of  commission  firms,  they  could  make  a  whole 
lot  more  money,  even  at  the  'charges,  prevailing  before  the  advance.  I 
have  no  antagonism  to  any  of  these  commission  firms;  I  number  them 
among  my  best  friends,  as  well  as  the  railroad  men;  at  the  same  time,  it 
is  a  business  proposition  with  them,  and  it  ought  to  be  with  you.  1 
have  been  follov/ing  up  this  matter  down  in  Missouri  quite  a  little;  I 
take  a  keen  interest  in  everything  that  affects  the  interest  of  the  live 
stock  men,  no  matter  where  it  occurs.     I  have  had  quite  a  little  corre- 


212  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

spondence  with  some  of  the  legislators  in  Missouri,  and  they  have  evolved 
a  scheme  down  there  to  have  a  live  stock  commissioner  who  is  to  have 
jurisdiction  over  the  stockyards  and  all  the  charges  of  the  affiliated  con- 
cerns in  those  markets.  A  very  strong  delegation  of  Kansas  City  com- 
mission firms  went  down  to  try  to  beat  it,  but  it  will  probably  be  pretty 
difficult  to  oppose  the  creation  of  an  independent  bureau  of  that  kind 
to  investigate  and  regulate  such  charges.  I  suggest  that  this  great  state 
of  Iowa  ought  to  take  some  action  regarding  the  stock  yards  within  your 
own  borders,  and  perhaps  then  you  can  get  the  Illinois  people  to  do  the 
same  thing.  It  is  the  only  way  you  can  correct  these  continual  advances 
of  commission  charges.  You  have  got  to  organize  and  be  prepared  to 
beat  these  combinations,  and  if  you  can  beat  them  through  the  means 
of  proper  laws,  so  much  the  better. 

I  want  to  refer  to  western  land  conditions,  which  I  think  ought  to 
be  of  as  much  interest  to  you  as  it  is  to  us  western  people.  You  get  your 
best  live  stock,  so  they  tell  me,  from  the  western  range.  You  know  the 
ranges  have  been  cut  up;  possibly  you  also  know  that  the  high  prices  the 
past  few  years  have  resulted  in  a  great  many  of  these  range  men  cleaning 
up.  Since  they  have  done  that,  they  have  never  had  a  chance  to  get  back 
in,  and  a  good  many  don't  want  to  go  back  under  the  old  free  range  con- 
ditions, where  the  grass  belongs  to  everybody,  and  nobody  protects.  Those 
of  you  who  have  traveled  in  the  west  know  very  well  that  the  semi-arid 
country  there  is  not  like  Iowa;  it  is  never  going  to  be  settled  up  in 
prosperous  farms.  Possibly  there  may  be  some  successful  dry  farming 
done.  One  of  the  potent  factors  contributing  to  this  decrease  in  live 
£tock  in  the  west  is  the  very  unsatisfactory  range  conditions.  Our  as- 
sociation has  been  trying  for  years  to  get  some  kind  of  federal  control 
of  the  open  range  similar  to  the  supervision  that  runs  on  the  forest  re- 
serve system,  whereby  a  man  can  lease  and  fence  and  prove  and  watch  his 
land,  and  thereby  increase  the  production  of  a  specified  amount  of  land. 
It  has  been  estimated  by  well-informed  range  men  that  the  open  range 
could  produce  fifty  per  cent  more  live  stock  of  all  kinds  under  the  lease 
law  than  at  present.  You  have  as  much  interest  in  that  land  as  Col- 
orado or  Wyoming  has;  you  are  interested  in  all  the  national  resources, 
for  Iowa  helped  pay  for  this  public  land,  as  well  as  other  western  states.; 
and  I  hope  you  will  pass  some  resolutions  along  that  line.  This,  I  am 
sure,  will  contribute  to  increase  the  production  of  live  stock,  and  tend  to 
avoid  the  necessity  for  putting  meats  on  the  free  list. 

Last  summer  I  was  in  Washington  on  a  good  many  matters,  and  hap- 
pened to  be  down  there  at  the  time  this  free  feeder  rate  case  was  being 
tried.  I  was  the  only  live  stock  man  before  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission  on  that  very  important  matter  At  the  same  time  an  attack 
was  being  made  on  the  meat  inspection  by  some  wild-haired  man  who 
claimed  the  government  was  permitting  a  lot  of  impure  meats  to  be 
sold.  Our  association  looked  after  that  very  creditably,  because  the  bill 
never  got  out  of  the  committee.  There  are  hundreds  of  things  of  that 
character  which  our  organization  looks  after.  I  personally  try  a  great 
many   rate    cases   involving   western    railroad    rates.      Our    organization 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   IV  213 

stands  for  a  great  many  matters  which  it  is  not  necessary  to  discuss,  but 
in  any  of  which  I  am  sure  you  are  interested. 

The  American  National  Live  Stock  Association  has  a  large  individual 
membership.  We  comprise  in  our  membership  all  the  important  live 
stock  organizations  of  the  west,  numbering  something  over  seventy-five. 
We  get  our  great  strength  from  these  different  organizations.  We  have 
only  two  individual  members  in  Iowa.  I  have  not  come  down  here  for 
the  purpose  of  importuning  you  to  join  our  association  as  individual 
members,  although  I  should  like  very  much  to  see  you  do  so.  As  a  mat- 
ter of  fact,  I  never  appeal  to  anyone  to  join  our  association,  because 
there  are  enough  public-spirited  men  throughout  the  United  States  to  sup- 
port it,  and  we  find  we  are  growing  in  strength  year  by  year.  The  Corn 
Belt  Meat  Producers'  Association  has  been  a  member  for  seven  or  eight 
years,  and  we  have  valued  your  membership  very  highly.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  I  have  spoken  of  your  association  with  a  great  deal  of  pride  in 
various  state  meetings,  and  I  am  not  flattering  you  when  I  say  that  you 
have  the  best  and  strongest  organization  of  its  kind  in  this  country.  It 
is  a  great  credit  to  the  men  who  organized  and  have  carried  it  on. 

I  must  say  frankly  to  you,  however,  that  the  support  you  have  given 
us — at  least  financially — has  not  amounted  to  very  much.  Before  I  left 
my  office  in  Denver,  I  made  a  memorandum  as  to  what  the  Corn  Belt  Meat 
Producers'  Association  had  paid  us.  You  continued  in  pretty  good  member- 
ship as  a  paying  member  until  1908;  since  then  you  paid  nothing  until  De- 
cember of  last  year,  and  then  for  some  reason  you  sent  us  $25.  This  is  a 
pretty  meager  contribution  for  an  organization  of  your  prominence  to  make 
to  a  national  association.  I  think  if  I  was  a  member  of  the  Corn  Belt 
Meat  Producers'  Association,  I  would  feel  rather  ashamed  of  that  rec- 
ord. If  our  organization  is  worth  anything  to  you,  and  you  feel  that 
you  wish  to  be  continued  as  a  member,  I  think  we  are  entitled  to  much 
more  liberal  support.  We  don't  allow  any  organization  to  come  in  for 
less  than  $50  annual  dues,  and  I  don't  think  we  have  any  organizations 
of  any  consequence  on  our  books  that  pay  less  than  $100,  and  they  run 
from  that  up  to  $1,500  annually.  The  Texas  association  pays  us  $1,500, 
the  Wyoming  association  $750,  the  Arizona  association  $500.  The  Mon- 
tana association  has  been  paying  us  $600. 

With  this  statement  I  am  going  to  thank  you  for  your  kind  attention, 
and  express  the  hope  that  when  our  national  association  meets  again 
next  year  in  Denver,  some  of  you  will  come  out  and  have  Iowa  repre- 
sented. I  forgot  to  mention  that  at  none  of  our  last  few  annual  meet- 
ings has  anyone  represented  your  association.  You  can't  make  a  na- 
tional association  very  strong  unless  some  of  you  take  a  little  interest 
in  it.  If  you  think  you  are  big  enough  to  get  along  yourselves,  that 
is  your  business;  I  am  not  urging  you  to  come  in;  but  if  you  want  to 
avail  yourselves  of  our  services  and  help  your  fellow  stockmen  every- 
where, come  in  and  help  us  do  it. 


214 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


PART  V 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

Annual  Meeting  of  the  State  Farmers'  Institute, 

House  Chamber,  State  House,  Des  Moines, 

Iowa,  Tuesday,  December  10,  1912 


The  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  1 :30  p.  m.  by  Mr.  C.  E. 
Cameron,  President  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture.  In  open- 
ing the  meeting  President  Cameron  said: 

I  am  sorry  that  our  crowd  is  so  limited  today.  Heretofore  it  has  been 
customary  for  us  to  meet  with  the  Corn  Belt  Meat  Producers  Associa- 
tion of  Iowa,  and  hold  a  joint  session.  At  the  last  moment,  the  Meat 
Producers  Association  decided  not  to  hold  their  meeting  at  this  time,  but 
later  in  the  new  year,  and  we  have  a  counter  attraction  in  the  District 
County   Fair   Association, 

Now,  I  have  prepared  a  program  and  it  gives  me  pleasure,  gentle- 
men, to  introduce  to  you  this  afternoon,  as  the  first  speaker,  Mr.  Thomas 
H.'  MacDonald,  who  will  speak  to  you  on  "Iowa  Roads  and  Their  Fu- 
ture   Improvements." 

Professor  MacDonald:  I  did  not  expect  to  deliver  this  talk  in  the 
presence  of  such  a  distinguished  company  this  afternoon. 

You  all  can  impersonate  the  men  that  will  be  sitting  in  your  places 
a  few  weeks  from  now,  and  I  hope  that  the  men  who  do  occupy  these 
places  will  give  us  favorable  consideration  of  some  of  the  important 
matters  of  road  improvement,  as  I  believe  they  will.  Before  beginning 
the  paper  that  I  have  prepared  for  this  afternoon,  I  want  to  call  your 
attention  to  the  road  convention  that  we  will  have  next  week  in  Des 
Moines.  This  convention,  while  it  is  a  delegate  convention,  made  neces- 
sary by  the  experience  of  a  few  years  ago,  all  of  the  presidents  and  sec- 
retaries of  county  institutes  are  delegates  thereto,  and  it  is  our  hope  to 
bring  together  in  convention  the  men  over  the  state  from  each  county 
who  are  the  most  interested  in  road  improvements.  We  have  prepared 
really  three  programs.  First,  is  one  we  call  our  suggestions  for  legis- 
lative program,  and  that  is  a  program  in  which  different  lines  of  legis- 
lation will  be  taken  up  and  discussed  briefly  by  several  men  on  each 
topic,  and  then  thrown  open  for  discussion  by  all  the  delegates.     It  is 


216  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

our  idea  not  to  make  a  set  program,  but  to  have  a  full  and  free  dis- 
cussion as  near  as  possible  by  all  of  the  delegates.  In  the  evening,  we 
have  what  we  call  our  educational  program.  At  this  program  we  take 
up  the  work  of  road  building,  as  it  has  been  carried  on  in  various 
parts  of  the  United  States,  and  I  believe  at  this  meeting  we  will  have 
some  of  the  best  educational  features  along  road  improvement  lines  that 
have  ever  been  shown  in  this  city.  Through  the  courtesy  of  the  Port- 
land Cement  Company  we  have  a  series  of  moving  pictures  which  will 
be  shown  that  evening,  taken  to  show  the  construction  of  concrete  roads  in 
various  parts  of  the  United  States,  especially  of  Wayne  county,  Michi- 
gan, which  is  the  banner  county  of  the  middle  west  so  far  as  ways  is 
concerned.  Through  the  courtesy  of  the  Brick  Manufacturers  Asso- 
ciation, we  will  have  a  series  of  views  showing  brick  construction,  and 
another  showing  dirt  moving  machinery  in  operation,  and  these  we  call 
our  educational  program.  It  has  its  feature  of  advertising,  of  course, 
but  it  is  this  advertising  feature  .that  is  the  best  educational  matter  that 
can  be  procured  along  these  lines.  The  third  program  is  to  be  reports  from 
all  the  organized  state  roads.  That  is  all  the  organized  roads,  including 
the  trans-state  roads,  and  the  shorter  lines  over  the  state,  and  we  hope 
to  have  full  reports  from  nearly  all  of  the  roads.  I  hope  that  as  many 
of  you  as  possible  may  attend  this  meeting  and  take  part  in  the  discus- 
sions. The  topic  I  was  assigned  this  afternoon  is  "Iowa  Roads  and 
Their   Future   Improvements." 

The  road  problem  in  Iowa  is  primarily  an  educational  one.  Senti- 
ment has  been  aroused  to  a  point  far  exceeding  any  thoughts  of  those 
who  have  been  closely  in  touch  with  the  road  work.  This  sentiment  I 
believe  is  sound,  the  foundation  is  good,  and  the  outlook  for  the  right 
kind  of  legislation  is  bright,  but  this  sentiment,  in  its  present  healthy 
condition,  will  exist  in  that  condition  just  as  long  as  the  best  interests 
of  the  state  are  conserved  in  road  legislation  that  is  passed,  or  in  any 
other  steps  that  are  taken  to  promote  better  highways.  Iowa,  as  a  state, 
occupies  at  present  a  middle  ground.  The  states  which  have  taken  the 
most  advanced  position,  as  states,  are  those  of  the  far  east,  such  as 
Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  and  of  the  far  west, 
such  as  California  and  Washington.  These  states  have  entered  into  road 
building  as  an  important  function  of  the  state  government,  and  have 
appropriated  large  sums  of  money  to  carry  on  this  work.  New  York 
startled  the  world  a  few  years  ago  by  issuing  fifty  million  dollars  worth 
of  bonds  to  aid  road  building.  Almost  before  our  wonder  at  this  radical 
measure  had  ceased,  a  second  issue  for  the  same  amount  was  passed  at 
the  recent  election. 

The  other  extreme  is  illustrated  by  the  states  which,  as  states,  have 
taken  absolutely  no  part  in  road  work,  evidently  regarding  it  purely  a 
function  of  the  township   and  county  governments. 

In  the  middle  position  are  the  states  which  have  extended  aid  of 
an  engineering  and  advisory  nature,  but  which  have  appropriated  no 
money  for  actual  construction  work.  Iowa  was  one  of  the  first  states 
to  begin  work  of  this  character.     The  present  highway  commission  was 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART    V  217 

established  in  1904  as  a  department  of  the  Iowa  State  College.  Other 
states  which  started  under  this  plan  later  have  by  a  more  liberal  policy- 
extended  the  activity  and  usefulness  of  their  commissions  much  beyond 
that  of  our  own  state.  A  conspicuous  example  of  this  class  is  Illinois. 
The  first  appropriation  for  the  highway  commission  in  Iowa  was  $3,500. 
The  first  appropriation  for  the  highway  commission  of  Illinois  was  $50,000. 
This  year  the  appropriation  for  the  Iowa  commission  has  increased  to 
$10,00'0,  the  appropriation  in  Illinois  has  increased  to  $100,000.  The 
state  commission  of  Minnesota  has  $150,000  for  engineering  alone;  that 
of  Wisconsin  $350,000  annually  to  be  used  for  road  and  bridge  construc- 
tion and  $40,000  for  engineering  expenses. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  that  there  are  three  positions  which 
different  states  have  taken,  Iowa  holding  the  position  between  the  states 
now  doing  the  most  and  those  doing  the  least  toward  road  improve- 
ment. It  will  also  be  seen  that  she  is  fast  losing  the  company  of  such 
states  as  Illinois,  Wisconsin  and  Michigan  and  that  to  hold  a  place  of 
equal  rank  with  these  sister  states  a  considerably  better  appropriation 
must  be  made  for  state  road  work  by  the  forthcoming  general  assembly. 
A  study  of  road  conditions  as  they  exist  shows  that  the  recent  tendency 
in  the  United  States  has  been  toward  a  more  centralized  form  of  con- 
trol. From  the  time  the  system  of  state  aid  was  first  introduced  by 
New  Jersey  in  about  1891,  state  after  state  has  adopted  this  principle 
either  through  direct  financial  assistance  or  at  least  through  engineering 
aid.  It  is  not  always  easy  to  see  by  what  process  of  reasoning  various 
states  have  adopted  the  policy  now  extent.  For  instance,  New  York 
has  issued  a  total  of  $100,000,000  worth  of  bonds.  To  date  about 
$50,0^00,000  have  been  spent. 

There  are  very  few,  if  any,  materials  for  road  surfaces  now  in  use 
that  will  last  fifty  years  or  even  nearly  fifty  years.  This  means  that 
before  the  bonds  are  taken  up,  part  of  the  roads,  at  least,  paid  for  out  of 
the  proceeds  of  the  bonds  will  have  been  destroyed.  This  is  a  condi- 
tion that  is  already  causing  concern,  and  it  would  seem  to  be  an  unwise 
policy  for  any  state  to  issue  long  lived  bonds  for  short  lived  roads. 
There  are  some  items  for  which  bonds  might  be  issued  profitably.  If  a 
road  is  re-located,  a  steep  grade  reduced,  adequate  drainage  provided  of 
permanent  character, — such  items  might  be  added  to  the  permanent  value 
of  a  road,  but  if  a  road  surface  is  built  which  within  the  first  year  of  its 
life  requires  maintenance  and  which  each  year  following,  requires  larger 
sums  to  be  spent  upon  it  then  the  investment  is  a  questionable  one. 
Including  the  automobile  tax,  the  road  fund  will  this  year  amount  to 
more  than  seven  million  dollars  and  will  probably  never  again  be  as  low 
as  this,  but  rather  will  increase.  If  this  amount  of  money  can  be  wisely 
and  judicially  expended,  far  greater  results  can  be  shown  than  for  any 
time  in  the  past. 

In  my  judgment,  long  time  bond  issues  should  not  be  even  consid- 
ered. At  the  present  time  even  short  time  bonds  should  not  be  issued 
by  the  state.  The  seven  million  dollars,  however,  is  raised  by  local 
taxing  authority;   that  is  with  the  exception  of  the  automobile  tax  this 


218  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

sum  is  raised  by  township  and  county  taxes.  Any  attempt  by  the  state 
to  direct  the  expenditure  of  this  money  at  once  meets  with  the  most 
violent  opposition  from  those  in  control  of  these  funds  at  present.  This 
opposition  comes  partly  from  the  time  honored  objection  that  such 
control  destroys  and  does  not  accord  with  democratic  principles  of 
government,  but  it  comes  more  because  these  objections  are  fostered 
by  those  whose  own  interests  would  suffer  from  a  careful  system  of 
expenditure   of  this   money. 

So  far  as  the  bridges  are  concerned,  the  state  can  conscientiously 
prescribe  the  kind  and  strength  of  bridges  that  must  be  built  by  the 
counties  and  insist  upon  state  authority  passing  upon  the  plans  and 
construction  of  these  bridges  regardless  of  whether  the  revenue  comes 
from  state  or  local  funds.  This  policy  can  be  justified  from  the  stand- 
point of  public  safety  and  public  convenience.  The  startling  disclosures 
in  Polk  county  of  the  unbusinesslike  methods  of  spending  bridge  money 
running  up  into  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  and  the  yet  more 
recent  recovery  by  the  state  and  county  authorities,  of  $20,000, 
which  Clinton  county  had  actually  paid  out  for  bridge  work  not  re- 
ceived, are  facts  which  cry  aloud  to  the  state  to  make  adequate  provi- 
sion for  proper  regulation  of  bridge  construction. 

In  my  judgment  after  having  investigated  personally  the  situation  from 
both  Polk  and  Clinton  counties,  as  well  as  in  a  number  of  other  counties, 
where  conditions  practically  as  bad  have  existed,  the  officials  and  con- 
tractors concerned  are  not  so  much  to  blame  as  the  system,  or  rather  the 
lack  of  system,  which  the  state  has  prescribed.  It  seems  to  me  a  lasting 
shame  to  the  fair  name  of  Iowa  that  about  two  and  one  half  millions  of 
dollars  are  spent  for  bridge  construction  annually  without  a  single  law 
to  guarantee  to  the  tax  payer  adequate  return  for  his  money  or  to  the 
traveler  adequate  safety  in  passing  over  the  structures  built.  The 
strongest  influence  brought  to  bear  two  years  ago  on  road  legislation  was 
by  and  through  the  bridge  lobby.  It  remains  to  be  seen  if  such  a  per- 
formance can  be  safely  repeated  this  year.  So  far  as  roads  are  concerned 
the  state  may  through  the  principle  of  state  aid  treat  the  problem  from 
the  educational  standpoint  and  also  conserve  the  principles  of  local  gov- 
ernment. The  Wisconsin  plan,  adopted  in  1911,  by  which  a  policy  of  state 
aid  has  been  extended  to  the  local  communities  under  which  the  county, 
township  and  state  co-operate  in  paying  the  cost,  with  general  supervision 
by  the  state  highway  commission,  administered  in  a  liberal  and  fair 
minded  way,  is  meeting  with  an  extremely  favorable  reception  there 
and  a  plan  similar  to  this  would  doubtless  work  well  in  this  state. 

There  is  this  obstacle,  however,  to  be  overcome  in  Iowa,  the  compara- 
tive meager  distribution  of  road  material.  Road  material  of  a  suitable 
nature  is  not  widely  distributed  in  this  state  and  construction  will  be 
limited  largely  to  one  of  three  classes  of  road;  first,  earth  roads;  sec- 
ond, gravel  roads;  and  third,  concrete  or  brick  roads.  It  is  not  neces- 
sary to  dwell  upon  the  details  involved.  Generally  speaking,  macadamized 
roads  will  never  become  widely  useful  in  our  state.  Thus  the  avail- 
ability of  material  will  determine  that  for  the  present  at  least  one  of  the 
three  types  above  mentioned  must  be  used. 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART    V  219 

For  the  building  of  earth  roads  the  Poweshiek  county  plan  of  build- 
ing roads  under  county  management  has  by  the  practical  success  of  its 
four  years  operation  demonstrated  that  the  county  should  undertake  the 
building  and  maintenance  of  the  main  traveled  county  roads,  the  more 
local  roads  being  left  to  the  care  of  the  township. 

For  the  building  of  the  more  permanent  types,  beginning  with  the 
least  expensive  of  these,  the  gravel  read,  the  state  should  pay  a  por- 
tion of  the  cost  and  provide  engineering  aid  and  supervision.  When 
the  hrit  appropriation  for  road  building  is  made,  an  appropriation  should 
also  be  made  for  road  maintenance  so  that  Iowa  may  not  need  to  repeat 
the  experience  that  other  states  have  suffered  in  having  high  class 
roads  rapidly  deteriorate  through  lack  of  any  money  for  their  repair. 
Such  a  plan  would  require  in  each  county  a  capable  county  superintend- 
ent of  roads  who  should  be  an  experienced  engineer,  and  would  require 
his  co-operation  with  the  highway  commission  with  its  powers  extended 
and  with  considerable  larger  appropriations.  It  has  been  urged  as, an 
objection  to  the  county  engineer  that  the  cost  would  be  too  great.  In 
my  judgment,  it  is  only  necessary,  to  point  to  Clinton  county  to  show 
that  an  engineer  could  have  been  maintained  for  a  period  of  ten  years 
at  $2,000  per  year  at  a  cost  not  greater  than  the  amount  which  admittedly 
wou'd  have  been  lost  to  that  county  had  not  conditions  been  discovered, 
and  for  this  one  county  in  which  recovery  has  been  made  of  money  for 
which  value  had  not  been  received  there  are  many  others  where  such 
conditions  will  never  be  brought  to  light.  Such  conditions  are  conclu- 
sive evidence  of  the  desirability  and  economy  of  capable  engineering 
supervision. 

There  is  one  other  field  in  which  the  state  should  take  an  advanced 
stand,  that  one  being  purely  an  educational  one.  We  are  now  about  to 
spend  larger  sums  than  ever  before  upon  road  improvement  especially 
upon  permanent  road  improvement  and  the  state  should  build  as  many 
demonstration  roads  as  possible.  In  my  judgment  no  more  favorable  lo- 
cation for  some  of  these  roads  could  be  found  than  the  state  fair  grounds. 
By  building  on  these  grounds  stretches  of  different  types  of  permanent 
roads,  the  state  would  overcome  a  serious  condition  which  now  exists 
there,  especially  during  hot,  dry  weather,  and  would  afford  an  object  les- 
son to  thousands  of  interested  citizens  from  every  part  of  the  state.  For 
building  these  roads,  the  highway  commission  would  gladly  furnish 
engineering  supervision  and  most  of  the  machinery  necessary.  We  have 
already  taken  up  the  matter  with  some  of  the  cement  companies  who 
have  pledged  themselves  to  aid  liberally  in  the  construction  of  concrete 
roads.  Other  material  companies  will  be  glad  to  donate  or  furnish  at  a 
low  cost  the  particular  type  of  road  material  manufactured  by  them. 
Thus  at  a  very  comparative  low  cost  the  state  would  increase  the  value 
of  its  own  property,  improve  the  fair  grounds  to  a  remarkable  extent, 
and  enable  the  state  fair  to  carry  out  in  a  broad  degree  its  function  as 
an  educational  institution  to  the  people  of  the  state.  So  far  as  the  com- 
mission is  concerned  we  will  co-operate  heartily  in  an  effort  along  this 
line,  to  the  end  that  before  the  next  state  fair  is  held  there  will  be  val- 
uable object  lessons  in  permanent  road  building  on  these  grounds. 


220  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

There  may  be  men  who  would  take  issue  with  the  statement  that  the 
state  is  about  to  begin  with  the  building  of  permanent  roads.  The  main 
work  done  for  the  last  ten  years  was  done  along  the  line  of  dirt  road 
improvement.  I  find  where  the  earth  roads  have  been  brought  up  to 
the  highest  standard  as  a  rule,  they  are  beginning  to  talk  about  a  more 
permanent  type  of  road.  I  do  not  know  how  soon  this  may  come,  but 
I  do  not  believe  from  observations  taken  all  over  the  state  that  it  will  be 
a  long  time  before  a  beginning  is  made  along  the  line  of  permanent  con- 
struction. I  hope  when  it  comes  it  will  come  along  safe  and  sane  lines 
and  will  not  involve  the  issuing,  at  least  to  begin  with,  of  long  time  bond 
issues  for  short  time  roads,  which  in  my  judgment  some  of  the  states  of 
the  east  have  done. 

The  Chairman:  If  there  is  any  question  anyone  wishes  to  ask 
Mr.  MacDonald  I  know  he  will  be  pleased  to  answer  them. 

Mr.  J.  E.  Mershon :  It  has  been  suggested  by  a  local  organiza- 
tion here  that  a  good  plan  to  begin  our  road  work  in  Iowa  is  to 
have  the  state  appropriate  money  for  the  highway  commission 
that  may  be  used  to  offer  prizes  to  be  given  to  localities  or  to 
counties  for  the  construction  of  roads  that  may  be  approved  in 
its  methods  of  construction  by  the  highway  commission,  and  I 
would  like  to  ask  Prof.  MacDonald  if  he  knows  if  such  plans 
have  been  successfully  carried  out  in  other  states. 

Prof.  MacDonald:  I  will  answer  that  question  by  saying  that 
the  only  work  that  is  attracting  the  attention  of  the  country  at 
large  is  that  which  has  been  done  under  the  plan  mentioned  by 
you  of  the  state  aiding  the  local  communities  with  machines,  as 
prizes,  which  is  along  the  line  you  mention.  For  different  classes 
of  roads  they  offer  certain  rewards,  and  all  of  the  states  of  the 
east  who  are  taking  up  the  work  at  all  have  adopted  this  prin- 
ciple of  state  aid,  and  we  have  it  now  in  the  middle  west — Wiscon- 
sin, Minnesota,  Michigan — these  are  the  nearest  states.  We  have 
the  same  principle  in  our  road  work,  and  it  is  unquestionably  a 
very  favorable  way  in  which  to  begin  work  of  this  character. 

Mr.  Henry  Wallace :  I  would  like  to  ask  Mr.  MacDonald  if  he 
has  any  information  as  to  the  annual  cost  of  keeping  up  macad- 
amized roads — annual  upkeep? 

Mr.  MacDonald:  Mr.  Chairman — Mr.  Wallace  is  a  long-time 
friend  of  this  macadam  proposition,  and  if  he  had  been  here 
sooner  he  would  have  heard  my  statement  that  macadam,  I  did 
not  think,  would  be  of  use  on  account  of  the  expense  of  main- 
taining these  roads,  and  in  my  judgment  the  upkeep  of  macad- 
amized roads  is  too  great  to  consider  it  as  a  permanent  type  of 
road  except  in  some  localities  where  they  have  the  stone  along 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART    V  221 

the  road.  I  think  the  type  of  roads  they  are  adopting  now  in 
Wayne  county,  IMichigan,  and  in  some  parts  of  Ohio,  of  dirt  and 
brick  with  dirt  and  gravel  roads  alongside  for  dry  weather 
travel  is  a  better  proposition  by  far  for  such  a  state  as  we 
have.  With  gravel  you  can  make  use  of  local  material  for 
concrete  roads,  or  concrete  with  dirt  tops,  and  I  believe  that 
this  is  the  type  of  roads  that  will  be  more  satisfactory  in  this 
state. 

The  Chairman:  In  preparing  our  program  we  had  two  propo- 
sitions— two  live  questions  for  Iowa  people  to  consider,  and  upon 
the  first  one  Mr.  MacDonald  presented  the  question  of  good  roads. 
Our  next  paper  is  the  question  of  publicity  and  advertisement  by 
the  state,  and  I  have  the  pleasure  in  presenting  to  you,  gentle- 
men of  this  convention,  Mr.  F.  W.  Beckman  of  the  Department 
of  Agricultural  Journalism  and  Publicity  at  Iowa  State  College. 

Prof.  F.  W.  Beckman:  I  am  going  to  talk  to  you  rather  informally  be- 
cause I  have  not  had  time  to  put  what  I  want  to  say  about  advertising 
Iowa  into  a  formal  paper.  I  shall  not  pose  as  an  authority  upon  ad- 
vertising. I  have  been  a  newspaper  reporter  or  editor  ever  since  I  left 
school  and  I  have  filled  acres  of  space  with  news  and  opinions  and  other 
publicity  matter,  but  I  have  not  been  in  the  business  of  advertising  as 
such.  At  the  same  time,  advertising  has  been  more  or  less  of  a  hobby  with 
me  and  has  received  such  study  as  a  man  gives  to  a  hobby.  There  are 
some  things,  however,  relating  to  this  proposal  to  advertise  Iowa  that 
are  so  plain  that  any  man  of  common  sense,  whether  he.be  an  advertising 
expert  or  not,  is  qualified  to  discuss.  It  is  about  those  things  that  I 
want  to  talk  this  afternoon. 

You  will  be  interested,  first  of  all,  in  two  stories  of  real  life  in  Iowa. 

One  is  the  story  of  a  man  in  western  Iowa  who  became  dissatisfied  with 
Iowa  conditions  some  years  ago.  While  in  this  frame  of  mind,  he  read 
glowing  advertising  accounts  of  the  Wenatchee  and  other  far  western 
apple  growing  districts.  Inspired  to  believe  that  he  was  wasting  his 
abilities  in  cultivating  mere  Iowa  soil,  he  determined  to  go  west  and  find 
fortune  there;.  He  sold  his  land  for  something  like  $20,000  and  invested 
most  of  it  in  twelve  or  fifteen  acres  of  land  in  Washington  at  something 
like  a  thousand  dollars  an  acre.  He  bought  it  at  that  price  because  it 
had  been  demonstrated  that  upon  one-tenth  of  an  acre  a  man  had  grown 
a  crop  of  apples  worth  $50.  Upon  ten  times  that,  or  an  acre,  he  could 
grow  $500  worth,  and  upon  ten  acres  he  could  grow  ten  times  that,  or 
$5,000  worth.  So  this  Iowa  man  was  thoroughly  convinced  that  the  land 
was  worth  a  thousand  dollars  an  acre  at  least.  Only  a  year  or  so  ago,  an  old 
neighbor  visited  this  Iowa  man  who  had  gone  west.  To  that  old  neigh- 
bor, he  made  this  surprising  statement  when  the  two  began  to  exchange 
confidences: 


222  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

"My  friend,"  he  said,  "if  I  had  taken  my  $50,000  and  invested  it  in 
some  land  I  know  of  in  Harrison  county  at  a  hundred  dollars  or  so  an 
acre,  I  would  have  heen  just  as  successful  in  establishing  a  commercial 
orchard  there  as  I  have  been  here.  My  experience  is  this,  that  a  man  has 
to  face  no  greater  problems  in  growing  apples  in  the  favorable  sections 
of  Iowa  that  he  does  out  here.  I  wish  I  were  back  in  Iowa  and  that  I 
had  understood  Iowa  and  Iowa  possibilities." 

The  other  story  in  which  you  will  be  interested  is  about  a  man  who 
lives  in  Waterloo  and  owns  a  farm  or  two  near  Waterloo.  He  is  worth 
something  like  $150,000  or  $200,000,  and  chiefly  because  Waterloo  has 
been  growing  factory  smoke  stacks  in  the  past  ten  years  and  the  develop- 
ment of  its  industries  has  caused  a  great  movement  of  population  toward 
Waterloo.  This  man  was  wise  enough  to  keep  his  farms  and  they  have 
increased  wonderfully  in  value.  Not  long  ago,  he  needed  a  gasoline  engine 
and  a  cream  separator  on  his  farm.  He  sent  his  money  to  Racine,  Wis- 
consin, for  the  gasoline  engine  and  to  some  city  in  New  Jersey  for  his 
cream  separator.  He  ignored  absolutely  the  fact  that  in  Waterloo,  the 
city  which  had  made  him  rich,  are  concerns  which  manufacture  as  good 
gasoline  engines  and  as  good  cream  separators  as  are  made  anywhere. 
His  wealth  had  been  made  in  Iowa;  he  had  sent  his  good  Iowa  money 
away  to  buy  the  things  that  might  have  been  bought  at  home. 

What  do  these  two  stories  indicate?  Well,  they  indicate  a  number  of 
things. 

To  begin  with,  the  first  story  illustrates  the  great  exodus  of  population 
from  Iowa  to  other  districts  which  has  been  going  on  for  years,  in  large 
measure  because  Iowa  people  do  net  understand  Iowa's  possibilities.  The 
census  statistics  show  that  more  than  half  a  million  native  born  lowans 
are  living  elsewhere,  while  only  about  1,800,000  native  lowans  are  still 
living  within  the  state.  We  have  thus  lost  in  recent  years  more  than 
half  a  million  of  our  sons  and  daughters  who  should  have  given  the  best 
in  them  to  our  state,  but  who  have  devoted  themselves  and  their  energies 
to  the  up-building  of  other  commonwealths. 

Every  spring  in  one  community  or  the  other,  car  load  after  car  load 
of  household  goods  is  loaded  by  people  who  are  on  the  move  in  a  vain 
search  for  better  things  elsewhere.  California  is  populated  largely  by 
lowans.  They  hold  annual  picnics  on  the  coast  which  are  attended  by 
tens,  of  thousands  of  former  inhabitants  of  the  Hawkeye  state.  At  such  a 
picnic  at  Lcs  Angeles  sometimes  40,000  to  50,000  former  Iowa  people  ac- 
tually register.  The  Dakotas,  Minnesota,  Colorado,  Nebraska,  Wyom- 
ing, the  states  of  the  northwest— Oregon  and  Washington— are  filled 
with  lowans. 

It  is  hard  to  estimate  how  much  this  loss  of  population  has  cost  the 
state.  It  is  probably  true  that  if  we  represent  the  loss  in  dollars  and 
cents  it  would  not  be  less  than  half  a  billion  dollars,  counting  human 
life  at  only  a  thousand  dollars  per  individual,  and  that  is  as  cheap  as 
Iowa  human  life  goes.  This  loss  of  population  means  also  an  enormous 
property  loss,  because  these  people  took  good  bank  accounts  with  them. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  V      223 

The  property  loss  represents  not  less  than  another  half-billion  dollars, 
making  a  billion  dollars  in  all. 

This  exodus  of  people  has  meant  the  loss  of  strong  men  and  women 
and  their  influence  and  helpfulness  in  upbuilding  Iowa.  But  worse  yet, 
it  has  meant  a  black-listing  of  Iowa  in  the  census  reports,  if  I  may  use 
that  word  and  it  is  not  too  harsh.  In  the  population  records  Iowa  has 
dropped  to  the  bottom  because  this  exodus  has  brought  about  this  fact: 
Of  all  the  states  in  the  union,  Iowa  is  practically  the  only  one  to  show 
a  loss  of  population  in  the  period  from  1900  to  1910.  There  is  no  use  of 
dwelling  upon  these  figures.  They  are  stamped  indelibly  upon  the  mem- 
ory, and  the  shame  of  them  is  fresh  in  the  feelings,  of  every  loyal 
lowan. 

The  second  story  indicates  that  in  all  these  years  there  has  been  a  tre- 
mendous outflow  of  Iowa  money  to  buy  goods  elsewhere  and  consequent- 
ly that  there  has  been  less  buying  of  homemade  goods  than  there  ought 
to  be.  It  is  difficult  to  estimate  how  much  money  Iowa  folks  send  away 
from  the  state  thus  needlessly  each  year.  It  is  safe  to  say,  however,  that 
it  amounts  to  many  millions  every  year. 

There  would  be  wonderful  results  for  Iowa  industries  if  Iowa  folks 
bought  in  Iowa  the  goods  that  are  produced  in  Iowa.  I  wonder  how 
many  of  you  ever  made  a  study  of  the  manufacturing  statistics  of  the 
state.  I  v/onder  how  many  of  you  have  any  idea  how  many  different 
things  you  might  buy  in  the  state  if  you  wanted  to.  Iowa  manufactures 
a  variety  of  articles  almost  beyond  belief,  numbering  500  or  600  different 
things.  The  products  manufactured  in  Iowa  in  1910  were  worth  $335,000,- 
000.  Our  farms,  of  which  we  boast  most  properly,  produced  grain  crops 
in  that  same  year  worth  $362,000,000.  Those  figures  ought  to  convince 
you  that  there  is  not  so  great  a  difference  in  importance  between  Iowa's 
industries  and  Iowa's  agriculture  as  we  generally  believe  there  is.  It  is 
because  we  do  not  know,  that  we  persist  in  saying  that  Iowa  is  not  a 
manufacturing  state.  It  is  because  we  have  not  opened  our  eyes  to  the 
development  of  Iowa  industries.  It  is  because  we  do  not  understand  and 
appreciate  v/hat  our  manufacturers  can  do,  that  we  send  our  money  to 
help  build  factories,  outside  the  state  and  to  encourage  industry  else- 
where. If  our  money  had  not  gone  all  the  years  to  buy  goods  elsewhere, 
if  it  had  not  been  invested  in  factories  elsewhere,  Iowa  would  have  even 
greater  industries  than  it  has  today. 

Last  summer  I  heard  an  Indiana  woman  speak  to  an  Iowa  audience 
upon  the  rural  life  question  as  it  concerned  the  matter  of  improving  the 
rural  districts.  She  made  this  striking  statement:  "If  you  people  of 
Iowa  would  only  spend  in  Iowa  the  money  you  made  in  Iowa,  it  would 
indeed  be  a  garden  of  Eden."  Let  us  give  those  striking  words  broader 
application.  If  we  people  of  Iowa  would  spend  for  Iowa  goods  and  Iowa 
products  the  money  that  we  get  from  Iowa  soil  and  from  Iowa  labor,  this 
commonwealth  would  indeed  be  vastly  greater  in  agriculture  and  in- 
dustry than  it  is  at  the  present  time. 

Because  we  do  not  know,  because  we  do  not  appreciate  either  the  agri- 
cultural or  the  industrial  resources  of  the  state,  we  have  lost  hundreds 


224  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

of  thousands  of  men  and  women  and  we  have  lost  hundreds  of  millions 
of  dollars;    yes,   billions  of  dollars   in  material   wealth. 

But  the  greater  loss  of  these  two  is  the  human  loss,  the  loss  of  human 
genius  and  human  skill  which  cannot  be  measured  in  dollars  and  cents. 
Of  course,  it  is  not  possible  to  keep  in  Iowa  all  the  genius  born  in  Iowa, 
because  genius  naturally  scatters  to  every  direction  of  the  compass. 
It  is  not  possible  to  keep  within  the  state  and  give  opportunity  to  all  the 
talent  it  produces,  but  think  what  would  it  have  meant  if  we  had  kept 
in  Iowa  so  great  a  genius  as  Armstrong  who  built  the  great  terminal 
of  the  Northwestern  Railway  at  Chicago.  Think  what  it  would  have 
meant  for  the  state  if  his  genius  for  engineering  had  been  directed  to 
the  development  of  the  industries  of  Iowa.  What  would  it  have  meant 
for  the  state  if  it  had  been  possible  to  keep  here  George  M.  Reynolds, 
who  ranks  as  one  of  the  greatest  financiers  of  the  nation  and  if  his 
energies  had  been  directed  toward  the  upbuilding  of  the  commonwealth. 
What  would  it  not  have  meant  to  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  state 
if  Iowa  had  not  lost  the  late  S.  A.  Knapp  who  left  us  to  devote  some  of 
the  greatest  labor  of  his  life  to  the  agricultural  development  of  the  south. 
I  might  go  on  naming  men  whom  we  have  lost  and  whose  genius  has 
helped  to  develop  commonwealths  elsewhere.  There  are  artists — we  can- 
not even  keep  here  Iowa-made  cartoonists  and  as  soon  as  we  develop  one 
we  let  him  go  elsewhere  to  exercise  his  genius.  There  are  scientists, 
doctors,  journalists,  agricultural  leaders,  captains  of  industry,  who  were 
born  and  reared  in  Iowa,  but  who  have  given  the  choicest  labor  that  is  in 
them  to  other  people.  The  loss  of  these  men  has  been  great  to  our  state, 
though  of  wonderful  profit  to  the  nation.  It  may  not  be  fair  to  expect 
to  keep  them  all,  but  it  is  reasonable  that  we  should  keep  more  of  them 
than  we  do. 

What  is  wrong? 

Has  not  Iowa  wealth?  No  man  can  say  that  it  has  not,  because  from 
sea  to  sea  there  is  no  more  productive  spot,  no  happier  region.  Those 
who  know,  say  that  in  all  the  world  there  is  no  similar  area  of  land  which 
God  has  more  bountifully  blessed. 

It  is  chiefly  ignorance  of  Iowa's  true  worth  and  lack  of  understanding 
of  her  resources  and  her  opportunities  that  are  responsible  for  the  outflow 
of  both  men  and  money  from  the  state.  Men  do  not  understand  that  in 
both  agriculture  and  in  the  industries  they  can  find  splendid  opportunity 
for  the  investment  of  their  money  and  their  labor.  They  do  not  under- 
stand that  they  can  buy  of  Iowa  factories  the  majority  of  the  things 
that  they  need  to  satisfy  their  physical  needs. 

How  many  of  you  men  know  that  some  of  the  choicest  woolens  made 
in  the  world  today  are  made  in  Iowa?  How  many  Des  Moines  people 
who  go  to  buy  a  woolen  blanket  ask  for  an  Amana  blanket?  Probably 
not  many  ever  think  of  it.  Yet  in  the  city  of  New  York  those  who  are 
particular  about  blankets  try  to  get  Amana  blankets.  The  buyers  for 
the  best  New  York  department  stores  seek  to  get  them  for  their  trade. 
One  big  establishment  advertised  as  though  it  were  a  tremendous  achieve- 
ment in  business  that  it  would  put  upon  sale  $39,000.00  worth  of  Amana 
blankets  on  a  particular  date.     Yet  in  Iowa,  but  one  man  in  ten,  I  will 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART    V  225 

venture  to  say,  if  that  many,  knows  anything  of  the  Amana  blanket  or 
demands  it  when  he  buys  a  blanket  for  himaelf. 

How  many  of  us  know  of  the  wonderful  development  of  the  beet  sugar 
industry  in  Iowa?  How  many  understand  that  it  is  a  successful  industry 
and  that  Iowa  might  as  well  manufacture  all  of  its  own  sugar  as  not? 
It  is  a  successful  industry  and  now  well  established.  Yet  a  few  years' 
ago,  when  men  who  had  confidence  in  the  industry  promoted  the  factory, 
not  only  were  most  Iowa  people  ignorant  about  what  they  were  doing, 
but  a  few  of  those  who  did  know  almost  killed  the  project.  Hardly  had 
the  Waverly  men  started  to  manufacture  sugar  out  of  beets  when  some 
man,  either  through  misguidance  or  otherwise,  came  out  with  an  in- 
terview in  a  D'es  Moines  newspaper  to  the  effect  that  the  industry  was 
all  buncomb,  that  the  farmers  were  being  fooled  by  it,  and  that  it  was 
not  adapted  to  the  state  of  Iowa.  As  a  result  of  that  newspaper  article, 
the  manager  of  that  beet  factory  faced  this  situation:  He  had  signed  up 
farmers  to  grow  something  like  6,000  acres  of  beets  for  the  year's  cam- 
paign, but  that  total  slumped  immediately  to  2,000  acres  and  he  had  hard 
trouble  to  get  beets  from  1,500  acres.  That  experience  came  very  nearly 
being  the  destruction  of  the  beet  sugar  industry  in  Waverly.  It  sur- 
vived, however,  and  this  year  more  than  5,000  acres  of  beets  were  success- 
fully grown  in  Iowa  by  men  who  have  learned  how  to  do  it  and  who 
have  adapted  themselves  to  the  work,  and  are  making  a  profit  out  of  it. 
The  average  yield  of  beets  in  Iowa  this  year  was  something  like  twelve 
tons  per  acre,  for  which  the  farmer  got  $5.00'  a  ton  if  he  delivered  them 
on  side  track  and  $5.50  if  he  delivered  them  to  the  factory. 

Beet  growers  are  not  going  to  make  great  fortunes  out  of  growing 
beets,  but  let  me  tell  you  what  one  farmer  did  with  a  forty  acre  field 
this  past  season.  It  cost  him  something  like  $40  an  acre  to  produce  forty 
acres  of  beets  that  yielded  about  twenty  tons  per  acre.  He  got  $5.50 
a  ton  for  them.  Twenty  times  $5.50  makes  $110  per  acre  income.  If  his 
expense  was  $40  per  acre,  you  can  figure  his  profit  quite  readily. 

As  you  go  through  the  beet  growing  districts,  you  can  recognize  the 
farms  on  which  beets  are  grown  by  the  more  prosperous  appearance  of 
the  farming.  That  rule,  of  course,  is  not  absolute,  however,  but  the  fact 
is  here,  that  the  beet  grower  is  prosperous.  He  will  tell  you  now  that  he 
understands  it,  that  it  has  added  something  to  his  prosperity.  It  gives 
him  a  good  cash  crop  and  beet  growing  fits  into  the  rotation  and  helps 
his  land.     Most  of  us  are  ignorant  of  these  facts  even  today. 

It  is  customary  for  folks  to  talk  about  western  apples  as  though  they 
represent  the  best,  yet  outside  growers  tell  us  that  southwestern  Iowa  is 
the  ideal  home  of  the  Jonathan  apple,  and  the  Jonathan  apple,  you  know, 
cannot  be  beaten  for  all  round  usefulness.  Every  year  since  there  has 
been  a  national  exhibit  of  apples,  an  Iowa  man  from  the  western  or  south- 
western part  of  the  state  has  carried  away  the  highest  prizes  for  Jona- 
thans. Season  after  season  the  growers  of  Colorado,  Washington  and 
Oregon  have  come  to  this  annual  show,  determined  to  wrest  the  honors 
from  Iowa  growers,  but  in  vain.  Iowa  can  grow  Jonathan  apples  as  can 
no  other  district  in  the  world. 
15 


226  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

As  for  Bartlett  pears,  Harrison  county  has  won  first-class  honors 
again  and  again  with  its  product.  Down  in  Marion  county,  I  am  told, 
one  man  a  year  ago  produced  14,000  bushels  of  pears  upon  eighty  acres 
which  he  sold  for  something  over  $2.00  a  bushel.  It  is  estimated  that  his 
profit  on  that  eighty  acres  ran  from  one  to  two  hundred  dollars  an  acre, 
"what  can  be  done  one  year  under  favorable  conditions  can  be  done  an- 
other. Simons  Brothers  of  Hamburg,  Iowa,  are  commercial  apple  grow- 
ers with  forty  acres  in  apples.  Their  receipts  have  run  as  high  as  $396 
per  acre,  leaving  a  profit  margin  of  $200,  which  is  not  bad  for  Iowa  when 
most  of  us  think  that  Iowa  land  is  not  adapted  to  fruit  growing. 

These  stories  of  what  men  who  have  faith  in  Iowa  soil  are  accom- 
plishing at  home  might  be  multiplied  without  end.  They  may  be  told 
of  crops  of  other  kinds  as  well  as  fruit.  For  instance,  onions  may  be 
grown  profitably  here  even  though  popular  opinion  is  that  a  man  must 
go  to  Texas  or  California  to  produce  them.  We  associate  the  Bermuda  on- 
ion with  parts  of  Texas  and  California,  yet  a  man  at  Ottumwa  named 
Schwartz  has  discovered  the  secret  of  growing  Bermudas  in  that  vicinity 
successfully  and  he  has  produced  them  as  fine  as  they  can  be  produced  any- 
where else.  He  does  it  with  a  new  system  of  irrigation  that  he  has  de- 
vised and  he  expects,  when  he  gets  his  land  in  full  swing,  to  produce  from 
600  to  1,000  bushels  per  acre. 

A  farmer  named  Schutter  in  Scott  county  produced  this  past  year  12,257 
bushels  of  onions  from  thirteen  acres,  an  average  of  943  bushels  per  acre. 
One  acre  produced  1,200  or  1,300  bushels.  He  received  an  average 
price  of  38  cents  per  bushel  for  them.  A  total  of  $4,657.00.  He  could  not 
tell  just  how  much  it  cost  him  to  produce  these  onions,  but  according  to 
government  statistics  on  onion  growing,  it  probably  cost  him  from  $150 
to  $200  an  acre.  Granting  that  it  cost  him  the  larger  amount,  his 
thirteen  acres  produced  him  a  profit  above  all  expense  of  $2,027.  Peo- 
ple who  are  ambitious  to  go  into  intensive  farming  need  not  go  to 
Texas  or  California  or  the  northwest  when  such  opportunities  lie  right 
here  ready  for  them. 

These  wonderful  stories  are  not  confined  to  agriculture  alone.  There 
are  opportunities  in  manufacturing  just  as  good  as  in  agriculture.  Up 
at  Ames  on  the  second  floor  of  a  building  there  may  be  found  the  larg- 
est pennant  factory  in  the  United  States.  You  know  what  the  pennants 
are,  the  banners  used  by  high  schools,  colleges  and  clubs  of  all  kinds. 
In  Ames,  the  factory  that  makes  these  is  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the 
country  and  it  has  grown  up  there  naturally.  In  the  town  of  Nevada,  a 
man  has  built  up  a  candy  factory  which  manufactures  after-dinner-mints 
as  a  specialty  and  ships  them  by  the  ton  lot  to  big  dealers  in  New  York 
and  Philadelphia.  There  is  a  demand  for  every  pound  of  stuff  that  he 
can  produce  and  more,  and  it  keeps  him  busy  building  up  his  establish- 
ment to  meet  the  demands  upon  it.  These  are  mere  illustrations.  I  have 
not  time  to  give  any  more.  They  are  typical,  however,  and  they  make  it 
clear  that  there  is  no  reason  why  Iowa  should  not  manufacture  scores 
of  things  as  successfully  as  it  is  manufacturing  these  pennants  or  these 
after-dinner-mints.     As  the  story  has  been  told  me,  one  of  the  geniuses 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART    V  227 

who  got  away  from  Iowa  was  Gillette,  the  safety  razor  man.  Was 
there  any  reason  why  he  and  his  ability  could  not  have  been  turned 
loose  in  Iowa  as  well  as  somewhere  else?  The  opportunity  for  both  agri- 
cultural production  and  industrial  production  are  here.  It  is  simply 
up  to  us  to  make  use  of  them. 

Ignorance  about  Iowa  and  its  resources  has  been  largely  responsible 
for  this  great  exodus  of  population  from  the  state  and  the  out-flow  of 
Iowa  money  to  other  sections  for  investment.  Possibly  a  lack  of  senti- 
ment may  also  be  responsible.  We  have  been  accused  of  being  disloyal 
to  the  state.  I  do  not  like  to  confess  that,  but  there  seems  to  be  reasons 
to  believe  that  we  are  not  loyal  to  the  state's  best  interests.  If  we 
would  only  adopt  this  motto,  which  has  been  proposed:  "Grown  in  Iowa, 
made  in  Iowa,"  and  then  add  to  it  "sold  in  Iowa;"  if  that  sentiment  could 
be  held  and  acted  upon  generally,  there  would  be  no  question  about  a 
marvelous  development  in  the  state.  We  are  not  sentimental  enough 
about  Iowa.    We  are  too  matter  of  fact  about  its  great  resources. 

Moreover,  we  are  seriously  individualistic.  To  be  plain,  we  are  too 
selfish.  We  think  too  much  of  ourselves  and  our  own  particular  individual 
interests  and  we  do  not  think  enough  of  Iowa  in  the  large.  We  need  to 
develop  among  ourselves  more  community  interest  and  larger  commun- 
ity sympathies.  Our  various  towns  and  cities  have  only  recently  learned 
that  there  is  benefit  to  be  gained  in  co-operation.  Our  farmers  and  our 
towns  people  have  not  yet  learned  that  they  have  common  interests  for 
whose  promotion  they  should  unite.  We  fight  too  much  for  our  individual 
selves.  We  have  not  enough  sentiment  for  the  whole  state.  Recently  I 
asked  a  man  who  knows  Iowa  thoroughly  why  it  is  that  we  are  so  wrapped 
up  in  our  own  local  affairs,  in  our  own  smaller  interests,  and  why  it  is 
difficult  to  get  men  to  work  for  a  large  community  interest.  He  said  that 
he  believed  that  it  was  due  to  the  fact  that  in  Iowa  we  have  empha- 
sized very  strongly  the  importance  of  township  government.  This  is  un- 
common. Township  government  and  the  authority  of  township  officers 
have  developed  more  strongly  here  than  any  where  else,  and  that  has 
been  quite  largely  responsible  for  our  individuality  in  Iowa  and  our 
lack  of  sentiment  for  a  greater  Iowa. 

Besides  that,  there  is  a  lack  of  faith  in  Iowa.  Men  do  not  believe 
strongly  enough  in  the  resources  of  the  state.  They  do  not  have  faith 
in  its  ability  to  produce  to  invest  their  money  in  industries  and  enter- 
prises and  to  make  the  soil  yield  its  utmost.  Rather,  they  go  elsewhere 
for  opportunity,  overlooking  the  chance  that  there  is  right  at  home. 

What  can  be  done  to  remedy  this  situation? 

In  the  first  place,  it  is  important  that  the  people  of  the  state  be  edu- 
cated to  understand  the  importance  of  the  resources  of  the  state  and  the 
value  of  the  opportunities  that  are  here.  Ignorance  upon  these  things, 
lack  of  understanding  about  Iowa,  are  at  the  bottom  of  Iowa's  problems. 

How  are  we  going  to  educate  our  own  people  to  know  Iowa,  that  being 
fundamental?  There  is  only  one  way.  I  believe  it  must  be  done  through 
publicity,  through  advertising,  through  the  making  known  to  ourselves 


228  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

what  the  resources  of  our  state  are.  It  must  be  done  by  holding  up  be- 
fore the  people  such  facts  as  I  have  given  you  here  this  afternoon,  about 
the  opportunities  in  the  state  and  by  telling  them  over  and  over  again 
that  Iowa  is  a  land  of  opportunity  agriculturally  and  a  land  of  oppor- 
tunity industrially.  We  must  also,  in  addition,  let  the  outside  world 
know  about  our  advantages  and  bring  back  to  Iowa  the  wealth  that  has 
been  flowing  out  from  its  borders  to  go  elsewhere  for  many  years.  We 
must  educate  both  our  people  at  home  and  the  people  abroad  to  the  ap- 
preciation of  what  Iowa  holds  within  her  boundaries.  But  the  first  task 
is  home  education. 

How  shall  we  proceed  to  do  this?  There  is  a  good  deal  of  difference 
of  opinion  about  that.  As  I  said  at  the  beginning,  I  am  not  an  advertising 
expert.  I  have  no  scheme  or  schemes  for  advertising  Iowa  that  I  want  to 
recommend.  I  am  not  going  to  discuss  the  merits  of  any  proposed  plan  of 
publicity  for  the  state.  I  came  here  merely  to  say  to  you  that  we  need  to 
do  something,  that  we  need  to  do  something  right  away,  that  we  need  to 
set  about  immediately  to  find  out  just  what  should  be  done.  It  may  be 
that  it  will  be  wise  to  appoint  a  general  publicity  board  or  commission. 
That  has  been  suggested,  but  I  am  not  familiar  enough  with  the  details 
of  that  plan  to  discuss  it. 

I  do  have,  however,  one  simple  suggestion  that  I  want  to  leave  with 
you  men  of  the  agricultural  society.  It  may  seem  so  simple  that  it  may 
not  strike  you  as  being  worth  while.  My  suggestion  is  based  upon  this 
idea:  You  remember  the  old  declaration  of  war  times  that  the  way  to 
resume  specie  payments  was  to  resume.  Well,  the  way  to  begin  ad- 
vertising Iowa  is  to  begin.  Moreover,  I  do  not  know  any  better  way  to 
begin  than  for  your  own  agricultural  society  to  begin.  You  already  have 
an  organization  that  can  be  used  for  this  purpose  and  probably  you  can 
find  enough  money  somewhere  to  make  a  start.  The  important  thing 
right  now,  is  to  make  a  start  and  nowhere  does  anybody  have  a  better 
opportunity  to  make  a  start  than  you  do. 

I  suggest  that  somehow,  someway  you  authorize  your  secretary  to 
find  a  way  to  do  for  Iowa  what  Coburn  has  done  for  Kansas.  Coburn  has 
gained  a  wide  reputation  because  of  the  valuable  publicity  he  has  given 
Kansas.  He  has  brought  Kansas  into  favor  again  after  many  years  of 
disfavor  and  public  disregard.  He  has  given  that  state  its  proper  place 
in  the  eyes  of  the  world,  and  he  has  done  it  without  any  elaborate  or- 
ganization or  machine  back  of  him.  When  Coburn  made  up  his  mind  to 
advertise  Kansas,  he  just  advertised  it,  that  was  all.  He  set  out  to  ad- 
vertise his  state  without  any  more  fuss  than  he  would  start  down  town 
to  his  work  in  the  morning,  and  he  got  there. 

When  I  was  asked  to  speak  to  you  at  this  session,  I  wrote  to  Mr. 
Coburn  and  asked  him  to  tell  me  something  of  his  method  of  advertis- 
ing Kansas  and  promoting  that  state's  interests.  I  am  going  to  read  his 
letter  here,  because  I  believe  that  it  points  a  way  and  offers  just  the 
practical  kind  of  a  suggestion  that  our  society  needs.  This  is  Mr.  Coburn's 
letter: 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART    V  229 

"Topeka,  Kansas,  1912. 
"F.  W.  Beckman,  Ames,  Iowa. 

"Dear  Sir:  Your  letter  of  November  25th  is  at  hand,  and  I  have  gath- 
ered up  a  few  samples  of  booklets,  brochures,  and  the  like,  typical  of  the 
sort  of  advertising  literature  we  have  been  disseminating  ever  since  I 
have  been  secretary  of  the  board,  for  nineteen  years.  There  is  no  regu- 
larity about  the  issuance  of  these,  and  in  fact,  under  the  law,  it  is  no 
part  of  our  work.  Neither  are  we  provided  with  any  funds  for  the  pur- 
pose, and  hence  it  might  quite  appropriately  and  truthfully  be  called 
"a  work  of  love." 

"The  state  has  no  officially  designated  'Advertising  Bureau'  or  'Immi- 
gration Department,'  and  while  the  work  of  this  board  is  mostly  in  be- 
half of  the  farmers  who  are  here,  I  see  so  many  ways  to  favorably  ex- 
ploit our  resources,  productions,  possibilities  and  advantages,  I  cannot 
resist  the  temptation  to  let  the  world  know  about  it,  as  often  as  I  can 
spare  time  for  that  purpose.  Doing  something  of  this  sort,  that  is  not  re- 
quired of  me  officially,  is  in  fact  my  recreation,  and  is  thrown  in  with  my 
other  duties  for  good  measure.  We  also  issue  a  lot  of  short  mimeograph 
articles  about  some  feature  of  Kansas  and  her  agriculture,  which  are  sent 
to  the  agricultural  and  other  papers  throughout  the  nation,  and  abroad, 
and  it  is  surprising  what  a  large  percentage  use  the  material.  This  space 
of  course  costs  us  nothing,  more  than  the  labor  of  compiling  the  matter 
and  the  two-cent  stamp  for  mailing  it. 

"Back  of  most  of  our  advertising,  stands  our  annual  statistics,  which 
the  board  of  agriculture  has  gathered  and  compiled  from  the  beginning, 
making  a  half-century  record  that  affords  a  w^onderfully  prolific  source  of 
most  excellent  advertising  matter,  in  showing  advancement,  growth  and 
prosperity.  The  record  has  been  consistently  kept,  without  change  of  sys- 
tems, and  hence  it  is  uniform  for  the  whole  period,  making  it  of  the  very 
greatest  possible  value.  It  has  of  course  been  improved,  that  is,  the 
method  has  been  improved  from  time  to  time,  but  the  whole  scheme  of 
our  statistical  work  remains  practically  on  the  foundation  on  which  it 
was  first  laid  out. 

"The  real  big  work  of  the  board,  however,  has  been  in  its  helpfulness 
to  the  man  who  is  tilling  our  fertile  prairies.  The  department,  from  its 
beginning  as  the  state  agricultural  society  in  1862,  has  issued  quarterly 
and  biennial  reports,  and  these  contain  information  of  much  value  to  the 
farmer.  The  biennial  reports,  for  instance,  are  large,  bound,  illustrated 
volumes,  in  editions  of  20,000  copies,  but  the  supply  is  exhausted  by  the 
time  the  printer  makes  the  delivery  of  the  last  installment.  I  presume 
you  are  familiar  with  these  reports,  or  rather  their  appearances,  anyway, 
and  if  not,  and  you  wish  to  examine  them,  you  will  find  them  in  the 
library  of  your  college. 

"I  regret  to  say  I  cannot  estimate  the  results  of  our  publicity  work, 
for  I  have  no  way  of  gauging  that  except  in  the  immense  mail  it  brings 
here,  making  request  for  more  detailed  information.  We  respond  to  these 
so  far  as  possible  by  letter,  and  also  mail  a  copy  of  our  report  entitled 
'Kansas — Facts   and   Figures.'     But,   our   office   force   is   limited,   and   is 


230  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

kept  busy  with  its  other  regular  work,  so  that  it  is  out  of  the  question 
for  us  to  take  up  each  inquirer's  letter  and  answer  it  as  should  be  done, 
that  is  in  detail.  If  this  were  attempted,  it  would  of  course  mean  some 
machinery  for  securing  the  information  from  the  various  localities  in  the 
state. 

"It  is  likely  you  may  be  able  to  estimate  the  value  to  Kansas  of  my 
publicity  work  better  than  I.  You  know  pretty  well  what  it  is  worth  to  be 
placed  before  the  world  in  a  favorable  light,  particular'y  when  any  inves- 
tigator will  find  that  nothing  but  facts  have  been  set  forth. 

"Quite  a  few  strangers  still  judge  Kansas  by  the  early  history  of  her 
pioneers,  and  I  feel  that  we  have  to  a  considerable  extent  corrected  that 
misapprehension,  and  that,  too,  is  worth  something. 

"Very  truly  yours, 

"F.    D.    COBURN." 

In  this  letter  there  is  a  simple  plan  and  a  plan  that  is  within  your  reach. 
It  may  be  that  a  more  elaborate  scheme,  including  a  board  or  commission, 
will  be  more  satisfactory  later,  but  it  is  difficult  to  get  an  elaborate 
scheme  into  motion.  It  is  difficult  to  organize  a  large  piece  of  machinery 
and  get  it  well  greased  with  the  money  needed  to  operate  it.  The  Coburn 
idea  has  this  to  commend  it.  You  can  adopt  it  and  use  it  with  the  office 
machinery  you  already  have.  At  the  most  it  will  not  be  necessary  for 
you  to  employ  more  than  the  part  time  of  a  first-class  man  and  provide 
him  with  a  litt'e  money  for  clerical  work  and  postage.  Coburn  of  Kansas 
carries  on  an  extensive  publicity  work  for  his  state  and  a  mighty  useful 
publicity  work  and  at'  the  same  time  he  does  many  other  things. 

It  seems  to  me  that  it  is  wholly  within  the  province  of  the  State  Agri- 
cultural Society  to  do  what  Coburn  of  Kansas  has  done.  Your  society 
would  be  promoting  in  the  best  possible  way  the  agricultural  interests 
of  the  state  by  carrying  on  a  campaign  of  publicity  that  would  educate 
our  people  to  an  understanding  of  the  opportunities  that  there  are  in 
Iowa.  Of  the  need  of  advertising  along  this  line  neither  you  nor  other 
men  can  longer  have  doubt.  It  is  time  that  somebody  did  something  to 
keep  Iowa  folks  and  Iowa  money  at  home  and  no  organization  is  in  better 
position  to  make  a  start  than  yours. 

The  President:  We  have  on  the  program  this  afternoon  a 
man  who  has  kindly  consented  to  talk  to  yon,  and  I  present  to 
yon  Lientenant-Governor  Harding  of  Sionx  City : 

Lieutenant-Governor  Harding:  Mr.  Chairman  and  Qontlemen — It  is  a 
pleasure  to  me  to  meet  with  the  farmers  of  Iov>'a.  You  are  all  actively 
engaged  in  the  business.  You  know  there  is  a  false  notion  in  the  minds 
of  some  bankers  and  business  men  in  the  state  that  they  are  not  farmers. 
The  fact  is  that  everybody  who  lives  in  Iowa  and  has  any  part  in  the  in- 
dustrial life  of  the  state  is  a  farmer,  and  therefore  it  seems  to  me  that  this 
fair  association  is  one  of  the  very  important  associations  within  the  state. 

I  have  no  prepared  speech  to  deliver  this  afternoon.  This  you  will 
know   from  the   fact  that  the  program   committee   did   not  assign  me  a 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  V      231 

subject.    I  am  at  liberty  then  to  wander  around  as  I  may  see  fit,  and  say 
a  few  things  if  they  happen  to  occupy  to  me  as  I  go  along. 

I  understand  that  you  are  gathered  here  today  to  consider  the  work 
of  the  next  year,  and  to  complete  the  work  of  the  past  year.  You  have 
in  charge  the  annual  state  fair  that  is  held  out  here  on  the  fair  grounds. 
To  my  mind  this  is  one  of  the  largest,  best  and  most  important  educa- 
tional institutions  in  the  state.  One  that  is  not  appreciated  as  much  as 
it  ought  to  be  by  the  people  of  the  state,  nor  is  it  used  as  much  by  the 
people  of  the  state  as  it  deserves.  It  is  not  wholly  the  fault  of  the  people 
nor  is  it  wholly  the  fault  of  this  agricultural  society.  We  have  been 
having  it  so  easy  in  Iowa  that  we  have  neglected  many  of  the  important 
matters  and  things  that  other  states  have  used,  and  to  advantage.  You 
talk  about  California  and  other  western  states  that  are  advertised  a  great 
deal.  If  you  go  to  plant  an  orchard  in  that  western  country,  you  have 
to  build  the  place  in  which  to  plant  the  orchard.  In  Iowa  you  have  the 
place  already  prepared,  and  so  you  don't  plant  the  orchard.  Iowa  has 
the  possibilities  of  being  a  great  fruit  producing  state.  And  so  it  is  with 
many  other  things;  many  of  the  magnificent  things  that  are  advertised 
in  these  other  states  are  lying  around  loose  in  Iowa  and  not  used.  We 
have  been  just  farming  the  surface  of  the  soil  here.  We  have  not  been 
digging  down  into  the  hidden  things  of  Iowa.  Iowa  is  rich  in  hidden 
treasures  that  are  lying  here  to  be  opened  up  by  us  and  by  the  coming 
generations. 

The  state  fair,  as  I  understand  it,  has  two  objects.  One  is  entertain- 
ment— high-class  entertainment — entertainment  that  will  elevate  the  cit- 
izenship of  the  .state.  That  feature  of  the  fair  is  easy  to  care  for.  The 
other  feature  is  education.  The  latter  is  the  most  important  feature, 
and  the  one  that  should  receive  the  most  careful  consideration  here  and 
at  every  other  time  when  you  meet.  We  all  know  that  it  is  impossible 
for  every  citizen  of  the  state  to  visit  the  state  fair  in  Des  Moines.  The 
state  fair  ought  not  to  be  solely  an  agricultural  exhibit.  It  ought  to  in- 
clude every  industry  in  the  state.  We  ought  not  to  be  satisfied  with  hav- 
ing the  best  cattle,  sheep,  horses  and  hogs  here  and  placing  them  on  exhi- 
bition, but  we  should  bring  as  well  the  best  product  of  the  inventive  mind 
of  the  state  and  put  that  on  exhibition.  The  state  fair  should  be  an  edu- 
cational institution  where  people  can  come  and  study  the  various  subjects 
in  which  a  great  people  are  interested.  If  a  man  is  interested  in  the 
blacksmith  business,  he  ought  to  be  able  to  come  to  the  state  fair  and  get 
information  here  that  he  can  get  nowhere  else  because  the  best  should  be 
here.  The  one  thing  about  the  state  fair  that  is  better  than  all  the  other 
fairs  is  that  you  have  the  best  product  of  the  state,  and  that  you  know 
is  the  ideal.  Every  successful  man,  every  successful  institution  has  an 
ideal.  You  find  out  here  at  the  state  fair  the  best  animals  that  are  raised 
in  the  state  of  Iowa.  Anyone  who  is  interested  in  that  particular  line  of 
industry  can  go  out  there  and  have  his  ideal  satisfied,  or  at  least  if  it  is 
not  satisfied,  or  if  he  has  not  an  ideal,  then  he  can  get  the  inspiration  that 
will  give  him  an  ideal.  The  only  thing  in  life  that  causes  the  boy  to  look 
forward  and  go  through  school,  to  go  through  hard  work  and  drudgery  is 
the  fact  that  some  place,  somewhere,  the  boy  sees  an  ideal  to  which  he  is 


232  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

building.  You  go  into  the  schools,  you  read  your  newspapers,  you  go  to 
church,  they  all  hold  up  before  you  some  man  who  has  made  a  success  in 
life,  and  point  to  him  as  the  ideal.  All  these  are  inspirations  to  boys  and 
girls  to  try  and  make  their  lives  meet  the  ideals  presented. 

If  you  want  Iowa  farmers  to  raise  good  horses,  furnish  them  with  an 
ideal,  something  they  can  look  forward  to.  When  you  have  done  this 
you  have  helped  the  individual  so  that  he  can  go  back  home  and  go 
through  the  drudgery,  the  hard  work  and  do  it  as  a  pleasure,  because 
he  has  an  ideal.  When  I  was  a  small  boy,  one  day  I  came  along  where 
an  old  man  was  plowing.  He  had  a  span  of  old  horses  and  a  walking 
plow.  The  ground  was  rough  and  hard  and  it  seemed  to  me  as  though 
it  was  hard  work  to  go  through  that  performance.  I  said  to  him,  "Uncle, 
tha,t  is  pretty  hard  for  you."  But  he  said,  "My  lad,  you  are  mistaken. 
This  is  not  hard  work.  When  I  have  hold  of  the  handles  of  the  plow  I 
do  not  see  the  black  hard  soil  there.  I  see  next  year,  the  green  fields,  I 
see  the  waving  golden  grain,  I  see  the  shocks,  and  finally,  I  see  the  grain 
in  the  bin  and  so  I  can  go  through  this  all  day,  because  before  me  there 
is  an  ideal,  the  finished  product."  What  we  want  to  do  at  our  state  fair 
is  to  bring  ideals  before  the  people  of  Iowa,  so  that  they  will  catch  an 
inspiration  and  with  this  inspiration  go  back  home  and  go  through  what 
to  the  average  man  would  be  drudgery,  but  to  them  will  be  pleasure. 
The  problem  is  to  furnish  the  ideal  and  then  to  scatter  the  inspiration 
from  this  ideal  broadcast  over  the  state.  How  are  we  going  to  do  this 
thing?  We  have  not  been  carrying  the  thing  that  is  gathered  here  at 
Des  Moines  at  the  state  fair  back  to  the  home  folks. 

I  was  down  here  a  couple  of  years  ago.  I  saw  the  stock  parade.  I  was 
in  the  pavilion,  and  saw  a  million  dollars'  worth  of  stock  in  there  one 
evening.  One  day  I  saw  the  horse  races.  Another  day  I  went  down  to 
the  various  pens  and  around,  then  I  went  home.  My  neighbor  did  not 
attend,  but  I  tried  to  tell  him  about  it.  He  could  not  see  the  picture  that 
I  saw.  There  is  something  wrong.  My  neighbor  was  entitlv^d  to  that  the 
same  as  I  was,  but  he  did  not  happen  to  be  a  member  of  the  legislature 
so  he  did  not  have  a  pass,  and  he  figured  more  on  passes  than  I  did.  I 
came  down  and  got  in  and  that  is  all  right — (you  have  to  educate  the 
legislators).  My  neighbor  hadn't  the  pass  and  he  didn't  get  the  benefit 
of  the  state  fair.  In  the  public  schools  they  are  teaching  geography  and 
other  things  with  moving  pictures.  It  has  occurred  to  me,  and  I  say  this 
in  all  seriousness,  the  state  of  Iowa  can  well  afford  to  invest  money  in 
the  necessary  machinery  to  take  pictures  of  the  crowds,  the  stock  in  the 
pens,  the  stock  in  the  pavilion,  and  all  of  the  other  attractions  that  are 
on  the  fair  grounds  and  take  these  back  home  to  the  people  of  Iowa  by 
showing  the  pictures  out  in  the  school  houses  and  around.  Show  the 
people  of  Iowa  what  the  people  of  Iowa  are  doing.  It  might  cost  a  little 
money,  but  what  is  the  difference  if  it  does.  Who  would  not  pay  fifty 
cents  any  time  to  go  into  a  moving  picture  show  some  night  in  his  public 
school  house  or  in  the  town  hall,  if  he  could  see  reproduced  the  state  fair 
of  Iowa.  Would  not  this  be  carrying  the  ideals  of  the  best  people  of  Iowa 
industrially  back  to  the  folks  who  did  not  have  opportunity  to  see  this? 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART    V  233 

I  notice  a  few  professors  from  Ames  here  and  I  suppose  there  are 
some  professors  here  from  other  educational  institutions.  It  is  a  good 
thing  to  have  these  educators  meet  with  this  fair  association.  The  criti- 
cism I  have  to  make  of  our  educational  institutions  is  this:  We  pay 
men  good  salaries — maybe  not  as  high  as  we  ought  to — and  they  dig 
away  year  after  year  working  in  science  and  mathematics  and  these 
various  other  studies  and  then  give  this  information  out  only  to'  the  people 
who  can  afford  to  attend  these  institutions  for  a  period  of  years.  My 
criticism  of  the  educational  institutions  of  the  state  is  that  the  knowledge 
which  these  professors  have  and  the  discoveries  which  they  make  are 
not  reaching  a  large  enough  percentage  of  the  people  of  the  state.  What 
the  state  ought  to  do  is  to  take  the  results  that  these  professors  are  obtain- 
ing and  carry  them  out  to  the  people  of  the  state. 

A  boy  is  living  on  a  farm.  He  has  never  passed  through  the. high 
school  and  therefore  cannot  pass  the  entrance  examination  to  any  state 
school.  He  has  to  take  care  of  himself.  The  boy  who  has  had  high 
school  advantages,  who  can  pass  the  entrance  examination,  can  get  into 
the  state  school.  The  state  furnishes  to  the  boy  who  wants  to  be  a  lawyer 
an  opportunity  to  become  a  lawyer.  When  the  state  invests  her  money 
for  education  it  is  her  business  to  invest  it  so  that  the  investment  will 
reach  the  individuals  that  need  the  education  and  those  individuals  who 
need  this  education  are  the  ones  far  away  from  the  centers,  the  ones 
v/ho  are  not  liable  to  get  to  these  centers  of  education. 

This  suggestion  in  reference  to  educational  institutions  is  one  that  can 
be  fairly  made  to  the  state  fair  association.'  There  is  a  new  industry 
in  this  country.  It  is  the  moving  picture  industry.  I  do  not  know  whether 
it  can  be  worked  out  now  or  not,  but  I  believe  that  the  moving  picture 
can  be  made  a  part  of  our  great  educational  system  in  this  state.  There 
is  an  agitation  on  now  for  clean  pictures;  some  of  the  preachefs  are 
fussing  around  about  these  picture  shows  trying  to  have  it  arranged  so 
that  only  clean  pictures  can  be  shown.  This  is  all  right;  we  want  clean 
pictures.  You  will  never  get  clean  pictures,  however,  by  passing  law^s 
against  dirty  pictures.  The  state  will  get  clean  pictures  when  the  state 
sees  to  it  that  clean  pictures  are  furnished.  Whose  business  is  it  to 
furnish  these  clean  pictures?  It  is  the  business  of  the  people  and  you 
are  the  people.  You  represent  Iowa  and  it  is  your  duty  to  initiate  these 
things.  Oh,  I  know  how  you  feel  because  I  have  been  sitting  back  of 
one  of  these  desks.  I  have  had  men  who  are  interested  in  these  things, 
who  have  seen  the  opportunities  and  the  possibilities  and  yet  they  would 
sneak  up  to  my  desk  and  say,  "I  beg  your  pardon;  I  am  awfully  sorry 
to  encroach  upon  your  valuable  time,  but  if  we  had  a  little  money  we 
could  scatter  this  information  we  have  been  accumulating  here."  Gentle- 
men, I  say  do  not  go  to  the  legislature  and  beg;  go  to  them  and  demand 
rights.  You  are  the  representatives  of  the  people  of  Iowa  and  you  have 
a  right' to  demand  these  things.  That  is  what  you  are  put  in  these  posi- 
tions for.  You  are  not  doing  your  duty  to  the  people  unless  you  do 
present  these  needs  in  an  open  and  manly  way  to  the  legislature.  If 
the  legislature  does  not  send  men  here  big  enough  to  listen  and  meet 


234  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

these  demands,  then  see  that  such  men  are  sent  here.  We  will  never 
become  a  big  state  on  the  three  cent  plan.  People  are  willing  to  pay- 
taxes  if  they  know  that  the  money  is  going  to  bring  results.  Do  not 
blame  the  people  for  not  wanting  to  pay  taxes  if  they  only  get  thirty-five 
cents  on  the  dollar  in  value.  The  trouble  with  Iowa  has  been  this:  We 
make  the  original  investment  and  then  do  not  go  on  and  spend  the  neces- 
sary money  to  make  that  investment  pay  dividends.  It  is  not  fair  to  you 
men  who  devote  your  time  and  energy  to  building  this  great  fair  out 
here  that  it  should  simply  be  in  existence  for  one  week  in  the  year. 
The  information  that  can  be  and  is  accumulated  here  ought  to  be  used 
during  the  weeks  and  months  of  the  coming  year  and  taken  where  it 
will  do  the  most  good.  Where  it  will  reach  all  the  people  of  the  state. 
The  way  to  do  this  is  to  create  a  publicity  department. 

I  "vfas  very  much  interested  in  w^hat  my  good  friend  Beckman  said 
about  the  beet  industry  of  Waverly.  It  occurred  to  me,  friend  Beckman, 
that  perhaps  the  state  of  Iowa  ought  to  have  taken  legal  action  against 
that  newspaper  which  published  the  interview  w^hich  nearly  killed  the 
beet  indutry  in  the  state.  Every  once  in  a  while  some  newspaper  will  take 
a  rap  at  Iowa,  at  some  of  Iowa's  industries,  in  the  guise  of  news  and 
nearly  strangle  the  thing  to  death.  My  good  newspaper  friends,  I  hope 
you  will  talk  over  with  the  managing  editor  the  importance  of  seeing 
to  it  that  the  news  items  that  go  out  do  not  injure  enterprises  in  the  state. 
I  do  not  believe  a  newspaper  has  or  ought  to  have  the  right  to  print  such 
stories  until  it  finds  out  whether  they  are  facts  and  whether  or  not  they 
will  injure  the  interests  in  the  state  that  ought  to  be  protected.  Print 
the  truth,  but  do  not  print  the  "hot  air"  stories  simply  for  the  sake  of 
printing  something. 

A  friend  of  mine  was  telling  me  today  that  Iowa  leads  the  nation  in 
the  production  of  corn  and  oats.  This,  as  I  understand  it,  is  according  to 
government  report.  I  have  not  seen  the  news  in  any  newspaper  printed 
in  Iowa.  Such  a  startling  fact  ought  to  furnish  a  slug  head  in  some  good 
Iowa  newspaper.  If  some  of  those  western  states  had  something  like 
that  they  would  telegraph  it  around  the  world  every  day  for  a  week. 
They  w^ould  let  the  folks  know  everywhere  that  they  were  leading  in 
something,  yet  in  Iowa  we  go  along  and  pay  no  attention  to  these  things. 
What  we  want  is  better  co-operation  for  publicity.  What  we  want  is 
better  co-operation  among  organizations  of  this  kind  and  our  newspapers 
They  want  the  news.  The  public  wants  the  news  and  the  news  will  help 
Iowa. 

I  have  had  in  a  small  way  experience  on  the  other  side  of  the  question. 
I  was  a  reporter  once  and  I  know  how  hard  it  is  to  get  news  out  of  the 
fellow  who  really  has  information  to  give  out.  The  newspapers  of  Iowa 
would  gladly  print  many  of  the  important  facts  that  have  been  displayed 
here  this  afternoon  by  our  friends,  but  nobody  gives  them  to  the  papers. 
The  reporter  is  a  busy  man.  The  sensational  story  is  easy  to  write  and 
is  eagerly  sought  by  the  public.  The  result  is  the  sensational  story  is 
furnished  rather  than  the  cold,  hard  facts.  We  need  publicity  in  Iowa 
and  the  fair  association  of  the  state  owes  a  duty  to  the  state  to  see  to 
it  that  the  information  that  is  gathered  because  of  its  position  here  is 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART    V  235 

scattered  broadcast  over  the  state.  If  it  needs  a  little  money  to  do  the 
work  with  it  is  the  business  of  the  legislature  to  furnish  it  with  the 
money.  It  does  not  require  very  much  money  to  do  these  things,  but 
whatever  is  required  ought  to  be  spent.  When  we  have  done  this  we  will 
have  accomplished  much  for  this  good  old  state  which  we  all  love.  Iowa 
has  a  great  fair.  Everyone  who  attends  once  wants  to  come  back.  Many 
people,  however,  cannot  shape  their  plans  so  they  can  be  here  just  during 
the  week  that  the  fair  is  held  and  I  believe  it  is  worthy  of  your  considera- 
tion that  you  take  up  and  work  out  some  method  whereby  you  can  carry 
back  to  the  people  of  Iowa  some  conception  of  the  magnificent  exhibition 
that  you  have  out  on  the  state  fair  grounds. 

I  do  not  know  whether  I  have  suggested  anything  along  this  line  that 
will  interest  you,  but  I  do  know  that  personally  I  am  interested  in  Iowa; 
that  I  am  interested  in  the  fair;  that  I  am  interested  in  education.  I  love 
this  old  state.  She  has  always  been  my  home  and  I  trust  always  will  be. 
I  trust  I  shall  always  be  willing  to  stand  out  on  the  firing  line  and  fight 
for  the  things  that  will  make  Iowa  known  to  Iowa  people  and  make  it  a 
better  state  in  which  to  live  and  a  better  state  growing  continually  so  that 
finally  we  can  say  that  Iowa  is  the  best  state  and  the  best  place  in  the 
union  to  live.  That  she  has  the  best  educated  people,  the  best  moral 
people  and  then  everything  will  be  as  we  desire.  We  have  the  oppor- 
tunity; we  have  the  soil;  we  have  the  climate;  we  have  everything.  All 
we  have  to  do  is  to  put  our  hands  to  the  plow  and  all  push  together.  I 
believe  there  are  greater  things  to  Iowa  than  any  of  us  have  ever  dreamed. 
(Applause.) 

The  President:  This  concludes  our  program  for  this  after- 
noon. Tomorrow  morning  at  9:30  in  this  room  will  convene 
the  business  meeting  of  the  association.  The  department  of 
agriculture  report.  The  report  of  the  secretary  and  treasurer. 
The  report  on  the  benefits  of  the  boys'  state  fair  camp  is  very 
interesting. 

Mr.  Mershon :  I  asked  Mr.  MacDonald  a  question  that  I  think 
he  did  not  fully  understand.  Anyway  he  did  not  answer  it.  It 
was  something  as  to  the  method  of  giving  prizes  for  the  best 
upkeep  of  the  road.  The  point  in  my  mind  was  by  the  local  or 
township  road  boards.  Whether  that  had  been  worked  out  any- 
where as  far  as  you  knew  or  not,  and  whether  it  was  feasible. 

Mr.  MacDonald :  I  did  not  understand  the  question  to  be  that 
at  all.  I  thought  he  had  reference  to  state  aid.  There  is  a  town 
in  this  state  that  has  probably  done  more  along  the  line  of  giving 
prizes  than  any  other  place  with  which  I  am  familiar.  Mount 
Ayr,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state,  has  developed  a  road 
system  leading  into  Mount  Ayr  to  a  remarkable  degree  by- 
giving  prizes  for  the  best  maintained  earth  road,  maintained 


236  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

by  the  use  of  the  road  drag.  We  are  to  have  a  discussion  on 
that  next  week  by  Mr.  Beard.  They  call  it  the  Mount  Ayr  plan 
of  road  building,  and  it  has  been  a  very  successful  plan.  The 
giving  of  prizes  by  the  commercial  club  in  that  case,  and  I  see 
no  reason  wh}^  the  state  should  not  take  an  active  part  in  some- 
thing of  that  kind.  I  believe  for  the  maintenance  of  earth  roads 
by  the  use  of  the  drag  that  the  state  could  afford  to  maintain  in 
every  toAvnship  either  a  system  of  prizes  for  one  or  more  miles  of 
road  that  would  be  kept  up  in  the  township  as  an  object  lesson 
for  the  township,  or  would  simply  pay  to  have  the  work  done,  and 
regard  it  as  a  maintenance  proposition. 

Mr.  Mershon:     What  is  the  nature  of  these  prizes? 

Mr.  MacDonald :  They  are  cash  prizes.  I  am  not  familiar  with 
the  amounts  of  them.  I  think  the  cash  prizes  have  run  as  high  as 
fifty  dollars  for  a  mile  of  road.  I  am  not  familiar  with  the  details 
of  the  prizes  offered,  but  they  are  cash  prizes. 

The  meeting  then  adjourned. 


PART  VI 


SYNOPSIS  OF  PROCEEDINGS 

OF 

STATE  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE 

AND 

COMMITTEE  MEETINGS 
1911-1912 


MEETING  OF  THE  STATE  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
THURSDAY,  DECEMBER  14,  1911. 

Meeting  was  called  to  order  by  the  president  at  10 :00  a.  m.  and 
the  following  members  responded  to  roll  call:  Cameron,  Olson, 
Corey,  Johnston,  Reeves,  Curtin,  Curtiss,  Sheldon,  Summers,  Mul- 
len, Pike,  Barney  and  Gibson. 

Minutes  of  the  meeting  of  the  board  on  September  2nd  were 
read  and  approved: 

The  matter  of  fines  imposed  upon  0.  V.  Battles  and  J.  R.  Peak 
&  Son,  exhibitors  at  the  1911  state  fair  who  failed  to  lead  out 
their  stock  for  the  parade  on  Friday  afternoon,  was  discussed. 
Mr.  Johnson  moved  that  in  the  case  of  Messrs.  Peak  $25.00  of  the 
fine  be  retained  and  the  balance  ($75.00)  forwarded  to  them. 
Seconded  by  Mr.  Reeves.    Motion  prevailed. 

In  the  matter  of  protest  against  the  colt  exhibited  by  Peter 
Hopley  &  Son  in  the  Belgian  Futurity,  Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the 
protest  be  not  sustained  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  evidence  sub- 
mitted substantiated  the  breeding  of  the  colt  as  claimed,  and  that 
the  premiums,  amounting  to  $100.00,  won  by  this  colt  be  paid  to 
Peter  Hopley  &  Son.    Seconded  by  Mr.  Pike.    Motion  prevailed. 


238 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


The  following  newly  elected  members  were  sworn  in  by  H.  L. 
Bosquet:  Messrs.  Cameron,  Olson,  Johnston,  Eeeves,  Curtiss, 
Summers,  Mullen  and  Pike. 

The  Board  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  secretary  and  a  treas- 
urer for  the  ensuing  year.  Mr.  Johnston  moved  that  Mr,  A.  R. 
Corey  be  elected  secretary,  at  the  salary  fixed  by  law  ($1,800.00). 
Seconded  by  Mr.  Sheldon.    Election  unanimous. 

Mr.  Curtin  moved  that  Mr.  G.  S.  Gilbertson  be  elected  treasurer 
to  succeed  himself,  at  a  salary  of  $100.00,  for  the  ensuing  year. 
Seconded  by  Mr.  Pike.    Election  unanimous. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  Secretary  be  required  to  give  a 
surety  bond  for  $10,000.00,  and  that  the  fee  for  same  be  paid  from 
the  fair  receipts.    Seconded  by  Mr.  Sheldon.     Motion  prevailed. 

Mr.  Corey  made  a  report  concerning  expenditures,  receipts  and 
improvements  for  the  past  year,  with  recommendations  and  sug- 
gestions for  the  coming  year  as  follows : 

RECEIPTS  OF  1911  FAIR  COMPARED  WITH  1910. 


1911 

1910 

Increase 

Decrease 

$    1,729.00 
1,146.00 
170.00 
658.05 
1,206.00 
3,641.50 
1,172.50 
],086.35 
2,800.00 

34.75 

24,182.47 
5,351.50 
2,604.00 
6,502.97 
5,092.27 

626.50 
121,505.50 

$  1,702.00 
808.00 
508.00 
393.00 
908.00 

3,071.92 
805.00 
823.55 

2,575.00 

6.65 

21,422.03 
5,907.15 
2,398.00 
5,616.92 
4,212.91 

1,039.39 

104,584.00 

3S8.25 

$         27.00 
248.00 

Cattle    department 

Sheep    department    _. 

$        838.C0 

Poultry    department    

265.05 
298.00 
569.58 
367.50 
212.81 
315.00 

28.10 
2,760.44 

Swine    department    _. 

Machinery  department 

Agricultural  department  _  _.    _  _ 

Dairy    department    _„ 

Pine  arts  department      

Transportation    and   public    safety   depart- 
ment  

Concession    department    

Speed  department   

556.35 

Exhibitors'    tickets    

206.00 
886.05 
879.36 

Forage    department 

Association  special  premiums 

Miscellaneous    receipts,    secretary's    depart- 
ment       _ 

412.89 

Ticket  sales 

16,921.50 

Sale  of  light  and  power 

388.25 

$179,549.67 

$157,259.77 

$  23,981.30 

$      1,694.49 

Incr  e  a  se— $22 ,  289 .  90 . 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI 

COST  OP  ADVERTISING  1911  FAIR. 

Country  weekly  papers  $2,609.25 

Plates   for  weekly  papers 635.13 

Papers  in  foreign  languages 11.00 

Daily  papers  outside  of  Des  Moines 260.99 

Miscellaneous   Des   Moines    papers 156.87 

Des   Moines   city   daily  papers 1,113.57 

Agricultural  and  live  stock  papers 1,156.65 

Horse  papers  (speed  program)   464.42 

Pay  roll  publicity   department $  660.25 

Printing  5  editions   "Greater  Iowa"— 

5,000  each  2-S  pg.,   34  pg 231.45 

Postage  on   "Greater   Iowa"— 5  issues 215.00 

lOCVI  "Ding"  hangers  $  379.50 

100  M  2  color  8  pg.   heralds 398.25 

Outdoor  signs 133.28 

Miscellaneous  advertising 45.50 

For  distribution  of   advertising  matter $  769.00 

Billboard   service   and   paper 586.88 

Cuts   and  electros   $  179.00 

Miscellaneous    printing    57.49 

Photos  1910  and   1911   fairs 274.00 

Miscellaneous     advertising    items 114. 5S 


239 


,407.88 


1,106.70 


956.55 


1,355.88 


625.07 
$10,432.06 


STATEMENT   OP  RECEIPTS   ON  ACCOUNT   OP  TICKET   SALES   POR 
1911,   COMPARED  WITH  1910. 


1911 

1910 

Increase 

General  admission  _.    

$  75,589.00 
2,290.25 
6,325.75 
3,130.00 

$  66,750.50 
2,067.75 
5,857.50 
2,272.00 

%      8,838.50 
222.50 
468  ''S 

General  admission  after  5  P.  M 

Children  and  half  fares 

Campers 

858  00 

Total  outside  gates 

$  87,335.00 

$    8,526.50 

6,005.25 

1,567.50 

777.25 

$  76,947.75 

%    6,553.50 

5,121.00 

1,031.25 

320.25 

$    10,387.25 

$      1,973.00 
884.25 

Day  amphitheater  general   admission 

Day  amphitheater  reserved  seats 

Day  amphitheater  box  seats  -—      

536.25 

Day  amphitheater  quarter  stretch 

457  00 

Total  day  amphitheater      -_..___.       ... 

$  16,876.50 
$    7,808.50 

$  13,026  00  lifi     s  Rsn  no 

Night  amphitheater  general   admission 

«B   ft  9JU  .f^n 

%      1,554.00 
530.25 

Night  amphitheater  reserved  seats 

4,660.75         4.130.50 
1,063.50            800.25 

Night  amphitheater  box  seats  -- 

263.25 

Total  night  amphitheater.-    - _. 

$  13,532.75    ift  n  18.'>.9:5    iR      '>.  .^47..<iO 

Stock  pavilion  reserved  seats  

Stock  pavilion  standing  room  

$    3,301.50 
459.75 

$    3,048.50   $         25:^.00 
376.50                83.25 

Total  stock  pavilion 

$    3,761.25 

$    3,425.00   $         836.25 

Total  ticket  sales 

$121,505.50 

$104,584.00    «    16.921.50 

240  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

STATEMENT    OF   EXPENSE    OF    1911   FAIR   COMPARED   WITH   1910. 


Executive   committee   meetings 

Special  committee  meetings 

Express,  telegraph  and  telephone 

Postage 

Printing  [ 

Printing  tickets 5 

Advertising    

Music  and  attractions 

Light  and   poAver 

Water   

Office    supplies,    stationery,    etc 

Forage    

Salaries  and  clerical  hire 

Board   meetings   

Assistants    and    foremen 

Scavenger    work 

Cleaning   grounds   

Cleaning   buildings    1 

Cutting  grass   and  weeds 

Hauling  manure  J 

Miscellaneous    labor    during    fair 

Care  of  streets  during  fair 

Track  work  

Pay    roll    and   expense   president's    depart- 
ment     

Pay    roll    and    expense    secretary's    depart- 
ment   _. 

Pay   roll    and   expense   treasurer's    depart- 
ment   __ 

Pay    roll    and    expense    concession    depart- 
ment   

Pay  roll  and  expense  speed  department 

Pay  roll  and  expense  horse  department 

Pay  roll  and  expense  cattle  department 

Pay  roll  and  expense  swine  department__-- 
Pay  roll  and  expense  sheep  department.. 
Pay  roll  and  expense  poultry  department.. 
Pay  roll  and  expense  machinery  depart- 
ment   _. -— 

Pay  roll    and  expense   agricultural  depart- 
ment   _- 

Pay  roll   and  expense  dairy   department... 
Pay  roll  and  expense  horticultural  depart- 
ment   ., 

Pay  roll  and  expense  floricultural  depart- 
ment   _. 

Pay  roll  and  expense  fine   arts  department 

Pay   roll   and  expense  school  exhibits 

Pay    roll    and   expense    admissions    depart- 
ment   .. 

Pay  roll    and  expense  transportation   and 

public   safety   

Pay  roll   and  expense   ticket  department.. 
Pay  roll  and  expense  women's  rest  cottage 

Model  farm  exhibit  -1_ 

College   exhibit   

Plants  and  flowers  

Freight    and    drayage 

Iowa   Pioneers'   day  

Premium  ribbons  and  badges... 

Boys'   and   girls'  contests 

Decorating  buildings . 

Rental  tents,  chairs,  etc 

Miscellaneous — 

Tan  bark   and  sawdust 

Grounds  department  supplies 

Refimd  on  admissions  

Dues  American  Trotting  association 

Refund  special  premium  money 

Miscellaneous    expense   


1911 


$        891. CO 

1,266.04 

327.95 

861.50 

2,814.13 


10,452.06 

14,345.78 

782.64 

436.06 

259.48 

5,983.29 

2,740.75 

645.50 

485.54 

848.13 

911.32 

1,199.87 

174.90 

615.55 

904.25 

99.05 

324.09 

453.50 

675.55 

2,006.75 

1,530.15 
938.20 
1,245.20 
1,272.15 
610.40 
394. OO 
327.62 

583.3.5 

597.90 
312.50 


88.0? 
590.90 
254.88 

2,683.85 

3,516.01 

537.25 

58.15 

602.30 
600.04 
531.85 

31. 8S 
167.05 
708.43 

61.46 
414.52 
631.75 

223.. 51 
218.16 
50.50 
100.00 
IGO.OO 
545.8:3 


1910 


485.40 
998.62 
362.40 
700.  OO 

2,012.63 
749.04 

9,985.19 
25,520.25 

1,641.65 
315.73 
314.41 

5,404.54 

4,265.00 
707.80 
139.31 
64S.40 


Increase 


,045.60 


1,437.68 
89.75 
396.42 

435.50 

681.40 


l,i 


.95 


1,164.10 
686.15 
1,230.50 
1,027.05 
614.55 
595.00 
253.00 

742.72 

382.50 
186.75 

170.15 

77.00 
588.81 
268.86 

2,253.39 

3,655.46 

482.00 

59.60 

1,377.73 

6a5.79 

492.18 

36.75 

131.28 

632.15 

75.71 

290.00 

565.50 


1,148.84 


505.60 
277.42 


164.50 


52.46 
466.87 


120.33 

558.75 


.346.23 
199.73 


859.14 


18.00 


323.80 

366.05 

252.05 

14.70 

245.10 


99.00 
74.62 


215.40 
125.75 


75.44 


10.50 

2.09 


430.36 


55.25 


35.77 
76.28 


124.52 
86.25 


179.17 


$  81,603.12  [$  80,513.68   $    6,523.45   $      5,434.01 


Decrease 


34.45 


1,174.47 
859.01 


54.97 


1,524.25 
62.30 


533.43 


5.85 


4.15 


159.39 


13.98 


139.45 


1.45 
775.43 


4.87 
'14/25 


Net  Increase— $1,089.44. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI 


241 


COMPARATIVE  STATEMENT  OF  PREMIUMS    PAID,    1910  AND  1911 


1911 

1910 

Increase 

Decrease 

Horses  

$  14,184.00 
12,031.00 
3,610.00 
2,388.00 
1,042.00 
3,524.00 

&5^i.50 
1,115.75 

627.00 
1,278.60 
1,744.50 

493.00' 

8.50.00 
12,310.00 

1.50.00 

$  10,381.00 

11,778.00 

4,135.00 

2,146.00 

1,0:36.00 

3,074.00 

798.00 

892.00 

602.00 

945.00 

1,753.50 

422.00 

1,000.00 

10,755.00 

$    3,803.00 
2S3.0O 

Cattle       

Swine 

$         495.00 

Sheep    

242.00 

6.00 

450.00 

57.50 
223.75 

25.00 
333.60 

Poultry    

Agriculture    - 

Pantry  and  apiary 

Fruit   

Dairy    

9.0O 

Schools 

71.00 

Scholarships    

150.00 

Speed  department  premiums 

1,. 555.00 
150.00 

Auto   parade   premiums 

$  56,-;64.35 

$  49,717.50 

$    7,200.85 

$          654.00 

Net   increase— $6,546.85, 


1911 

1910 

Expense    of    fairs 

$  81,603.12 
56,264.35 

$    80,513.68 
49,717.50 

Premiums    _ 

Total    —    „ 

$137,868.51 

$  130  231  18 

Increase— $7,636.33. 


FINANCIAL  STATEMENT. 


$    7,2&3.44 
&3,275.72 
179,549.67 

Receipts  other  than  fair  _         

Receipts  of  fair  . 

Total   receipts 

$1    4,429.29 
1.37,867.51 
109,775.04 

$270,108.83 

Disbursements   other  than   for  fair  or  improvements 

Expense  of  fair  -                _         -. 

Cost    of    improvements    ._    -.      _ 

Total  disbursements    .  - 

$    3,500.00 
2,000.00 
1,000.00 

252,071.84 

Estimated    receipts    from    stallion   certificates 

Estimated  receipts   from  sale  of  light  olant  apparatus.      _ 

State    appropriation    for   insurance    .  _ 

Additional  credit  

$        294.12 
193.68 
100.75 
392.27 
91.14 
2,625.00 

6,500.00 

Total   credit 

$24,536.99 

Unpaid  balance  on   contracts   and  bills   on   file: 
Massillon  Bridge  &   Structural  comnanv  contract 

J.  E.  Lovejoy,  machinery  building  contract 

J.   E.   Lovejov,  closet  contract 

Des  Moines  Electric  company,  balance  on  bill 

Miscellaneous  unpaid  bills  on  file  _-.    __    .  _ 

Balance  of  state  appropriation  for  land  in  hands  of  treasurer 

Total  debits  . 

8,696.96 

Net  credit  

$  20,840.03 

16 


242  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

IMPROVEMENTS   FOR   1912. 

The  foregoing  statement  shows  there  will  be  available  about  $21,000.00 
of  this  year's  receipts  and  receipts  up  to  April  1,  1912.  The  expenditures 
necessary  to  pay  balances  on  contracts,  outstanding  bills,  and  the  running 
expense  of  the  department  up  to  May  1,  1912,  will  amount  to  about 
$7,000.00.  This  is  in  accordance  with  disbursements  for  the  past  two  years. 
I  am  not  going  to  attempt  to  make  recommendations  for  improvements 
for  another  year  for  I  feel  the  board  is  perfectly  familiar  with  the  needed 
improvements  and  are  better  qualified  to  determine  what  should  be  done. 
However,  in  order  to  assist  the  board  as  much  as  possible  and  to  call 
attention  to  a  few  improvements  that  have  been  talked  over  by  the  com- 
mittee and  other  members  of  the  board,  I  wish  to  remind  you  of  the 
following : 

I  believe  the  board  should  consider  the  advisability  of  putting  in  cement 
curbing  around  the  exhibit  spaces  in  the  machinery  building.  From 
the  present  outlook  it  will  be  impossible  to  floor  this  building  for  a  year 
or  two  at  least.  This  curbing  will  give  uniform  height  to  all  exhibit 
platforms  and  will  do  away  v/ith  the  expense  of  putting  in  2x6  temporarily 
around  the  platforms  as  was  necessary  last  year.  This  curb  is  con- 
templated in  the  completed  floor  and  will  be  a  permanent  improvement 
if  made  at  this  time.  There  are  4,600  lineal  feet  of  this  curbing  and  it 
would  cost  15  cents  per  foot,  or  $790.00. 

The  board  should  also  give  serious  consideration  to  the  placing  of  a 
cement  floor  in  the  agricultural  building.  We  are  all  familiar  with  the 
condition  that  has  existed  in  this  building  for  years,  especially  the  last 
year  when  the  grounds  were  extremely  dry  and  dusty.  On  account  of 
the  central  location  of  this  building,  and  the  large  crowds  that  continu- 
ally pass  through  it,  it  has  been  impossible  to  keep  down  the  dust  or  to 
preserve  the  exhibits  in  good  shape.  There  is  a  total  of  2,000  sq.  ft.  of 
floor  space,  and  at  the  best  estimate  received  it  would  cost  .06c  per  sq.  ft, 
or  $1,920.00. 

For  5'our  information  I  am  also  presenting  an  estimate  on  some  other 
cement  work  that  I  secured  estimates  on: 

To  combination  curb  and  gutter  on  south  side  of  Grand  Avenue 
from  N.  E.  corner  of  Machinery  Building  to  Grand  Avenue 
entrance,  and  on  north  side  of  Grand  Avenue  from  bridge  to 

entrance,  1,400  ft.  at  40c  per  foot $        560.00 

To  combination  curb  and  gutter  from  a  point  N.  E.  of  Agricul- 
tural Building  on  Grand  Avenue  and  south  on  east  side  of 
Rock  Island  Avenue  to  Capitol  Avenue,  600  ft.  at  40c  per  foot. .  240.00 

To   cement   driveways   on   north   side   of   Machinery   Building, 

3,000  sq.  ft. 
To  20  foot  walk  along  north  and  east  sides  of  Machinery  Build- 
ing, 19,000  sq.  f t 1,980.00 

I  believe  we  will  all  agree  that  the  club  dining  hall  is  too  small  to 
properly  accommodate  the  help  that  avail  themselves  of  its  privileges. 
It  has  been  suggested  that  the  space  under  the  porch  east  of  our  kitchen 
and  immediately  north  of  the  present  room  be  excavated  and  fitted  up 
for  the  board  table.     This  could  be  done  at  a  small  expense. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  we  could,  for  the  expense  of  the  apparatus, 
install  ten  or  a  dozen  shower  baths  in  the  room  west  of  the  closet  under 
the  seats  in  the  swine  pavilion,  for  the  use  of  the  exhibitors  and  help 


THIRTEENTH  ANNl'AL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  2;^ 

engaged  in  the  care  of  stock.  I  am  sure  this  would  be  appreciated  by  our 
exhibitors  and  inasmuch  as  we  have  provided  wash  stands  for  the  stock 
it  might  be  well  to  give  the  human  being  a  little  consideration  along 
this  line. 

There  is  another  matter  of  improvement  that  I  believe  the  board  should 
give  consideration  at  this  time,  and  that  is  changing  the  street  car  en- 
trance as  contemplated  in  our  permanent  ground  plans.  We  now  have 
a  deed  on  fite  for  fifteen  of  the  thirty-five  lots  that  it  will  be  necessary 
for  the  department  to  acquire  in  order  to  make  the  change.  About  one- 
half  of  the  remaining  lots  will  have  to  be  condemned  and  the  balance 
will  be  purchased  by  our  agents  as  soon  as  titles  can  be  perfected.  In 
making  this  change  we  will  gain  the  use  of  224,650  sq.  ft.,  or  a  little  more 
than  five  acres  of  land.  Over  one-half  of  this  ground  is  now  occupied 
by  street  car  tracks,  loop  and  station,  and  the  balance  would  be  added 
by  the  twenty-seven  lots  purchased  along  Walnut  street.  The  fact  that 
we  would  gain  five  acres  of  ground  in  the  most  congested  district  on  the 
grounds,  which  could  be  used  to  advantage  for  concessions,  machinery 
exhibit,  etc.,  should  command  your  attention.  This  change  would  greatly 
improve  the  transportation  facilities  between  the  grounds  and  the  city, 
as  the  plan  calls  for  storage  tracks  where  cars  may  be  set  out  during  the 
slack  in  traffic  in  the  afternoon.  We  are  all  familiar  with  the  present 
arrangement  whereby  the  street  car  company  stores  cars  on  the  main 
track  during  the  afternoon  and  evening.  This  necessitates  discharging 
passengers  near  the  drug  store  and  requiring  them  to  walk  800'  feet  along 
a  string  of  cars  and  over  a  narrow  cinder  walk  to  the  street  car  entrance, 
or  else  walk  up  Thirtieth  Street  to  the  Grand  Avenue  entrance. 

STATEMENT    SHOWING    AMOUNT    OF    INSURANCE    IN    FORCE    ON 

BUILDINGS,  AMOUNT  OF  PREMIUMS,  AND  DATES 

OF   EXPIRATION. 


Building 

Pire' 

Total 

Tornado 

Total 

Premi'ms 

Expi'at'n 

fipTiprnl   fnrTn<3 

$  47,000.00 

$  47,000.00 

$l,6i&4.35 

9-30-13 

Swine  pavilion 

$  3,000.00 
12,000.00 

9-30-13 

15,000.00 
2,000.00 

75.00 
26.00 

9-26-13 

2,000.00 

9-26-13 

TTnrcP    hnm     rhriplr"! 

$  5,000.00 
3,500.00 
6,500.00 
3,000.00 
3,000.00 



5,000.00 

&-21-13 

TTnrsiP    hnrn    fbripW) 

4-  8-12 

15,000.00 

10,000.00 
3,000.00 
3,000.00 

15,000.00 

432.50 

9-1^12 

9-26-13 

Cattle  barn  (brick) 

6,000.00 
4,000.00 

6,000.00 
4,000.00 

180.00 
120.00 

7-7-12 

Power  house 

9-26-13 

Agricultural  building  

Agricultural  building  

Agricultural  building  

Administration  building 

Administration  building 

3,000.00 
3,000.00 
4,000.00 
13,000.00 
4,000.00 

3,000.00 
3,000.00 
4,000.00 
10,000.00 
3,000.00 

5-12-14 

5-13-14 

10,000.00 

10,000.00 

300.00 

5-23-14 
8-18-14 

17,000.00 
15,000.00 
1,500.00 
3,000.00 
4,000.00 

13,000.00 
13,500.00 
1,500.00 
3,000.00 

490.00 
450.00 

82.50 
131.26 
100.00 

75.00 

8-17-14 
8-  1-14 

Closet  near  horse  barns 

8-  1-14 

8-5-12 

8-14-12 

15.000.00 

8-20-14 

Admiiiistration  building  fur- 

2,000.00 
1,000.00 

1,000.00 
1,000.00 

8-18-14 

Administration  building  fur- 
nishings     

3,000.00 

2,000.00 

85.00 

8-17-14 

Total  

$127,500.00 

'$147,000.00 

$4,211.61 

244 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
EXPERATIONS. 


Tire 

Tornado 

Premiums 

1912                                                                 .          

$  20,000.00 
61,000.00 
46,500.00 

$  16,000.00 
76,000.00 
55,000.00 

$         603.76 

1913                                                                                 __        

2,155.35 

1914                                                          _            _ 

1,452.50 

■ 

$127,500.00 

$147,000.00 

$      4,211.61 

On  motion  the  Board  adjourned  until  1 :30  p.  m. 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 
THURSDAY,  DECEMBER  14,  1911. 

The  following  members  were  present  at  the  afternoon  session: 
Cameron,  Olson,  Corey,  Johnston,  Phillips,  Reeves,  Curtfn,  Curtiss, 
Sheldon,  Summers,  Mullen,  Pike  and  Gilbertson. 

Prof.  A.  y.  Storm,  Superintendent  of  the  School  Exhibits  De- 
partment, made  a  report  of  his  department.  On  motion  of  Mr. 
Summers  the  report  as  read  was  accepted,  including  recommenda- 
tions for  1912,  the  amount  of  premiums  offered  to  be  limited  to 
$1,000.00. 

The  matter  of  a  boys'  camp  at  the  1912  state  fair  was  discussed. 
Mr.  Reeves  moved  that  a  plan  be  adopted  along  a  line  similar  to 
that  in  vogue  in  New  York;  seconded  by  Mr.  Curtiss.  Motion 
prevailed.  Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  president  appoint  a  com- 
mittee of  three  to  outline  and  present  a  plan  in  detail;  seconded 
by  Mr.  Mullen.  Motion  prevailed.  The  president  appointed  as 
such  committee  Curtiss,  Reeves  and  Corey. 

Mr.  Chapman  of  Minneapolis  made  a  short  talk  in  regard  to 
agricultural  extension  work  throughout  the  United  States,  stating 
that  the  Bankers  Association  stood  ready  to  lend  their  aid  and 
influence  to  such  movement  as  the  agricultural  interests  oJ  the 
various  states  recommended. 

Mr.  Curtiss  offered  the  following  resolution  and  moved  its  adop- 
tion; seconded  by  Mr.  Pike.  Motion  prevailed  and  the  motion  as 
read  was  adopted. 

Resolved,  That  the  Iowa  State  Board  of  Agriculture  favors  legislation 
granting  federal  aid  for  extension  work  in  agriculture  and  home  economics 
in  the  several  states  and  territories  under  the  direction  of  the  agricul- 
tural   colleges;    and    federal    aid    for    instruction    in    agriculture,    horn© 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  245 

economics  and  the  trades  and  industries  in  the  secondary  schools,  and 
for  the  training  of  teachers  in  the  state  normal  schools  and  agricultural 
colleges  for  instruction  in  these  branches  under  such  regulations  as  the 
state  legislature  may  establish. 

The  secretary  read  a  report  on  the  boys'  judging  contest  at  the 
last  fair  and  recommendations  for  the  coming  year  from  the 
superintendent  of  the  contest.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Curtiss,  seconded 
by  Mr.  Johnston,  the  rule  requiring  each  contestant  to  bring  an 
ear  of  corn  was  eliminated,  and  the  amount  of  prizes  offered  was 
allowed  to  remain  the  same  as  for  1911.  The  girls'  cooking  con- 
test was  discontinued. 

John  W.  Budd,  city  engineer  for  Des  Moines,  appeared  before 
the  board  in  regard  to  the  proposed  Seventh  Ward  sewer  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  fair  grounds  and  explained  its  location,  probable 
cost,  etc. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  board  recommend  to  the  governor 
the  re-appointment  of  Dr.  Geo.  M.  Chappel  as  director  of  the  Iowa 
Weather  and  Crop  Service ;  seconded  by  Mr.  Olson.  Motion  pre- 
vailed. 

Mr.  Phillips  moved  that  the  management  of  the  1912  state  fair 
be  delegated  to  the  executive  committee  and  the  elective  mem- 
bers of  the  state  board  of  agriculture;  seconded  by  Mr.  Curtiss. 
Motion  prevailed. 

Mr.  Johnston  moved  that  the  executive  committee  appoint  the 
superintendents  of  the  various  departments  and  report  same  later ; 
seconded  by  Mr.  Curtin.    Motion  prevailed. 

Mr.  Sheldon  moved  that  Jas.  H.  Deemer  be  elected  superin- 
tendent of  the  fair  grounds  for  the  ensuing  year  at  a  salary  of 
$1,200.00,  with  free  pasturage  for  two  cows  and  not  to  exceed  ten 
head  of  hogs  and  one  team,  and  grain  and  hay  for  one  team  which 
are  to  be  used  for  work  on  the  grounds.  Motion  seconded  and 
prevailed. 

Mr.  Johnston  moved  that  the  days  and  dates  for  the  1912  state 
fair  be  from  Thursday,  August  22nd,  to  Friday,  August  30th,  in- 
clusive, the  same  rate  of  admissions  as  charged  in  1911,  and  that 
all  exhibits  be  held  on  the  grounds  until  six  o'clock  Friday  even- 
ing and  the  gates  be  guarded  by  the  police  until  that  hour. 
Seconded  by  Mr.  Mullen.    Motion  prevailed. 

Mr.  Curtin  moved  that  the  president  appoint  a  committee  of 
three  to  confer  with  the  Great  Western  and  Rock  Island  railway 
officials  to  see  if  something  could  be  done  to  better  the  loading 
facilities  at  the  fair  grounds.    Seconded  by  Mr.  Reeves.    Motion 


246  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

prevailed.     The  president  appointed  as  such  committee  Messrs. 
Curtin  and  Johnston. 

The  executive  committee  recommended  that  the  superintendents 
of  departments  be  as  follows,  and  on  motion  of  INIr.  Johnston, 
seconded  by  IMr.  Sheldon,  the  report  of  the  committee  was 
accepted. 

SUPERINTENDENTS    OF    DEPARTMENTS,    1912. 

Transportation  and  Public  Safety E.  M.  Wentworth 

Tickets C.  W.  Phillips 

Admissions     0-  A.  Olson 

Concessions    and    Privileges W.  C.  Brown 

Grounds     J-  II-  Deemer 

Live   Stock  Sanitation L  I-  Gibson 

Horses,  Ponies  and  Mtiles C.  F.  Curtiss 

Speed    E-   J-  Curtin 

Cattle   H-  L-  Pike 

Swine R-  S.  Johnston 

Sheep   J-  I^-  Summers 

Poultry    J.  F.  Summers 

Implements  and  Machinery J-  P.  Mullen 

Agriculture     F.  E.  Sheldon 

Pantry  Stores  and  Apiary F.  E.  Sheldon 

Dairy    W.  B.  Barney 

Horticulture  E.  M.  Reeves 

Floriculture    Wesley  Greene 

Fin.e  Arts,  etc T.  C.  Legoe 

School  Exhibits A.  V.  Storm 

Publicity   Ora  Williams 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  matter  of  the  score  card  privilege 
for  1912  be  referred  to  the  executive  committee  with  power  to 
act ;  seconded  by  Mr.  Olson.    Motion  prevailed. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Reeves  the  board  adjourned  until  9  a.  m., 
Friday,  December  15th. 

Mr.  Wentworth  moved  that  the  revision  of  the  premium  list  for 
1912  be  referred  to  the  executive  committee  and  the  superintend- 
ents of  the  three  live  stock  departments ;  seconded  by  Mr.  Mullen. 
Motion  prevailed. 

Mr.  Mullen  recommended  that  the  floor  in  the  machinery  build- 
ing be  laid  before  the  next  fair,  and  that  the  aisles  be  reduced  to 
15  or  16  feet ;  that  the  size  of  signs  to  be  used  in  the  building  be 
specified ;  and  that  gasoline  engines  propelled  by -their  own  power 
be  eliminated.  Also  that  notice  be  given  through  the  premium 
list  that  exhibitors  may  have  space  heretofore  occupied  by  them 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  247 

if  they  notify  the  secretary  before  the  first  of  July  of  their  in- 
tention to  occupy  same. 

Mr.  Wentworth  recommended  that  the  executive  committee  au- 
thorize Mr.  Deemer  before  the  winter  passed  to  make  such  altera- 
tions in  the  camp  grounds  as  would  change  the  streets  and  make 
it  more  convenient  to  get  tents  pitched  and  get  the  people 
through. 

Mr.  Curtiss  presented  a  form  of  inquiry  to  be  addressed  to  live 
stock  exhibitors  in  the  matter  of  improving  the  shipping  facil- 
ities and  moved  that  the  secretary  be  instructed  to  send  same  out ; 
seconded  by  Mr.  Olson.    Motion  prevailed. 


MEETING  OF  STATE  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
FRIDAY,  DECEMBER  15,  1911. 

Board  met  at  nine  o'clock  Friday  morning  with  the  following 
members  present:  Cameron,  Olson,  Corey,  Johnston,  Reeves, 
Wentworth,  Curtiss,  Sheldon,  Summers,  Mullen  and  Pike. 

Mr.  Wentworth  took  the  oath  of  office  before  H.  L.  Bosquet. 

Minutes  of  the  meeting  of  December  14th  were  read  and  ap- 
proved. 

The  surety  bonds  of  Secretary  Corey  for  $10,000.D0  and  the 
bond  of  G.  S.  Gilbertson,  treasurer,  for  $50,000.00,  were  presented. 
Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  bonds  be  approved  and  placed  on 
file ;  seconded  by  Mr.  Wentworth.     Motion  prevailed. 

The  matter  of  a  babies'  health  contest  at  the  1912  state  fair 
was  presented  to  the  board  by  a  committee  composed  of  Dr. 
Lenna  L,  Meanes,  representing  the  American  Medical  Association, 
Mrs.  Brown,  representing  the  National  Mothers'  Congress,  and 
Mrs.  Johnston,  representing  the  Mothers'  Congress  of  Des  Moines. 

On  motion  the  board  adjourned  until  1 :30  p.  m. 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

FRIDAY,  DECEMBER  15,  1911. 

Members  present:  Cameron,  Olson,  Corey,  Johnston,  Phillips, 
Reeves,  Curtin,  Wentworth,  Curtiss,  Summers,  Mullen,  Pike  and 
Gilbertson. 


248  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  authorized 
to  change  the  street  car  entrance  as  contemplated  on  the  plans, 
provided  satisfactory  arrangements  could  be  made  with  the  street 
car  company.     Seconded  by  Mr.  Pike.     Motion  prevailed. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  authorized 
to  put  on  a  dog  show  at  the  1912  state  fair,  provided  satisfactory 
arrangements  can  be  made  with  the  American  Kennel  Club. 
Seconded  by  Mr.  Summers.    Motion  prevailed. 

Mr.  Johnston  offered  the  following  resolution  and  moved  its 
adoption : 

Resolved,  That  the  board  appropriate  not  to  exceed  $500.00  for  a  baby 
health  contest;  that  suitable  place  be  arranged  for;  that  the  executive 
committee  be  authorized  to  appoint  a  superintendent  of  the  department; 
it  being  further  understod  that  the  Mothers'  Congress  procure  all  neces- 
sary help  and  assistants  and  that  the  American  Medical  Association  ar- 
range for  judges;  the  assistants  and  judges  to  work  without  remuneration 
from  the  state  fair  board. 

Seconded  by  Mr.  Wentworth.    IMotion  prevailed. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  tiiat  the  executive  committee  be  authorized 
to  make  improvements  in  the  club  dining  room  in  the  administra- 
tion building  by  excavating  east  of  the  kitchen  and  making  a 
dining  room  for  the  board.  Seconded  by  Mr.  Curtin.  Motion 
prevailed. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  authorized 
to  install  what  shower  baths  are  deemed  necessary  in  the  south 
side  of  the  swine  pavilion  this  year.  Seconded  by  Mr.  Pike.  Mo- 
tion prevailed. 

The  matter  of  a  floor  in  the  agricultural  building  was  discussed 
and  Mr.  Reeves  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  instructed 
to  have  a  cement  floor  put  in;  seconded  by  Mr.  Wentworth. 
Motion  carried. 

Mr.  Reeves  moved  that  a  brick  or  cement  floor  and  curbing 
around  the  exhibit  spaces  be  put  in  the  machinery  building  be- 
fore the  next  fair.     Seconded  by  Mr.  Mullen.    Motion  prevailed. 

Mr.  Johnston  moved  that  the  president  appoint  a  committee  on 
per  diem  and  mileage;  seconded  by  Mr.  Wentworth.  Motion 
prevailed.  The  president  appointed  as  such  committee  Messrs. 
Johnston,  "Wentworth  and  Curtin. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  board  make  the  same  appropriation 
as  last  year  for  the  Agricultural  College  exhibit,  or  whatever  may 
be  necessary  up  to  $800.00  to  duplicate  the  amount  put  in  by  the 
college.    Seconded  by  Mr.  Pike.    Motion  prevailed. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI 


249 


Mr.  Wentworth  moved  that  the  members  of  the  board  who  at- 
tended the  International  Live  Stock  Show  at  Chicago,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1911,  file  their  bill  of  expense  and  that  warrants  be  drawn 
for  the  amounts.    Seconded  by  Mr.  Reeves.    Motion  prevailed. 

]\Ir.  Johnston,  chairman  of  the  committee  on  per  diem  and  mile- 
age, presented  the  folloAving  report  and  moved  its  adoption. 
Motion  prevailed  and  warrants  were  ordered  drawn  for  the 
amounts  named. 

Mr.  President:  Your  committee  on  per  diem  and  mileage  beg 
to  report  as  follows: 


Name 

Days 

Rate 

Amo'ut 

Miles 

Amo'nt 

Total 

No. 

O.    E.    Cameron   _.    

6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
3 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 

$    4.00 
4.0O 
4.00i 
4.0O 
4.0O 
4.0O 
4.00 
4.00 
4.00 
4.00 
4.00 
4.0O 
4.0O 

$  24.00 
24.00 
24.00 
24.00 
24.00 
24.00 
24.00 
12.00 
24.00 
24.00 
24.00 
24.00 
24.00 

140 
155 

158 

210 

123 

195 

60 

85 

37 

123 

160 

117 

20O 

$  14.00 
15.50 
15.80 
21.00 
12.30 
19.50 
6.00 
8.50 
3.70 
12.30 
16.00 
11.70 
20.00 

$  38.00 
39.50 
39.80 
45.00 
36.30 
43.50 
30.00 
20.50 
27.30 
36.30 
40.00 
35.70 
44.00 

9240 

0.   A.   Olson 

9241 

R     S.   Johnston 

9242 

C.   W.   Phillips                             -        -    — 

9243 

E.   M.    Reeves    

9244 

E.    J.    Curtin   _-          _ 

9245 

E.    M.    Wentworth 

9246 

T.    C.    Legoe 

9247 

C.    P.    Curtiss 

9248 

F.    E.    Sheldon         

9249 

J.    F.    Summers    —    

9250 

J.     P.    Mullen 

9251 

H.    L.    Pike    _ 

9252 

$475.90 

Respectfully  submitted. 


R.    S.    JOHNSTON, 
E.   M.    WENTWORTH, 
E.   J.    OURTIN. 


Mr.  Johnston  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  authorized 
to  get  an  estimate  on  a  section  of  the  horse  barn,  a  section  of  the 
cattle  barn,  a  street  car  entrance  building,  and  a  subway  under 
the  race  track,  and  report  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  board.  Sec- 
onded by  Mr.  Wentworth.    Motion  prevailed. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  authorized 
to  petition  the  city  council  for  a  sewer  on  Dean  Avenue  from  a 
point  on  the  southeast  corner  of  the  SAvine  i)avilion  west  to  the 
junction  of  30th  Street.  Seconded  by  Mr.  Curtin.  Motion  pre- 
vailed. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  matter  of  securing  bands  and  at- 
tractions for  the  1912  fair  be  referred  to  the  executive  committee 
with  powder  to  act.  Seconded  by  Mr.  Wentworth.  Motion  pre- 
vailed. 

Mr.  Phillips  moved  that  the  matter  of  repairs,  walks,  curbing, 
road  building  and  street  improvement,  and  all  unfinished  busi- 
ness,  be  left  to  the  executive  committee  with  power  to  act. 
Seconded  by  Mr.  Mullen.    Motion  prevailed. 


250  iOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
DECEMBER  16,  1911. 

Members  present :    Cameron,  Olson  and  Corey. 

The  committee  met  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  work  out- 
lined at  the  Board  meeting. 

The  committee  had  a  conference  with  John  R.  Ilarrigan,  Man- 
ager of  the  Des  Moines  City  Railway  Company,  and  laid  before 
him  an  outline  of  the  change  desired  in  the  street  car  entrance  at 
the  fair  grounds. 

Meeting  adjourned. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
JANUARY  24-27,  1912. 

Members  present:     Cameron,  Olson  and  Corey. 

The  meeting  was  called  for  the  purpose  of  meeting  a  committee 
from  the  Mothers'  Congress  to  make  arrangements  for  a  baby 
health  contest  at  the  1912  fair,  and  to  meet  the  officers  of  the  Des 
Moines  Kennel  Club  and  make  arrangements  for  a  dog  show  at 
the  1912  fair,  and  to  transact  such  other  business  as  might  come 
before  the  committee. 

Secretary  was  instructed  to  execute  a  contract  with  the  Des 
Moines  Ice  Company  for  filling  the  ice  house  on  the  fair  grounds 
and  selling  ice  on  the  grounds  similar  to  last  year's  contract. 

Secretary  was  authorized  to  contract  with  the  Purcell  Printing 
Company  of  Hampton,  Iowa,  for  printing  the  premium  list  at 
$5.25  per  page. 

The  committee  met  with  Wm.  E.  Moyer  and  G.  V.  Harritt  to 
consider  the  proposition  for  an  automobile  show  for  another  year. 
It  was  agreed  to  enter  into  a  contract  similar  to  the  one  of  1911 
for  space  under  the  amphitheater  for  an  automobile  show,  the 
department  to  receive  60  per  cent  of  the  gross  receipts,  and  secre- 
tary was  authorized  to  execute  contract. 

The  secretary  was  instructed  to  get  out  plans  and  specifications 
for  the  floor  in  the  Agricultural  Building,  and  brick  floor  in  the 
Machinery  Building  and  curbing  around  exhibition  space  in  same, 
and  to  advertise  for  bids  for  the  above  work  and  material. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  251 

The  committee  met  with  Mary  T.  AVatts,  chairman  of  the  Baby 
Health  Contest  Committee,  and  agreed  upon  the  classification  and 
prizes  for  the  baby  health  contest  at  the  1912  Iowa  State  Fair :     . 

It  was  also  agreed  that  the  department  would  furnish  suitable 
quarters  for  the  contest,  pay  the  railroad  fare  of  judges  not  to 
exceed  $25.00,  and  pay  for  stationery,  postage,  etc.,  not  to  exceed 
$25.00.  Mrs.  Watts  consented  to  act  as  Superintendent  of  the  con- 
test and  stated  that  the  Mothers'  Congress  would  provide  the 
necessary  assistants  and  that  the  Iowa  division  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  would  furnish  judges  and  trained  nurses  to 
judge  and  care  for  the  babies,  all  to  serve  without  expense  to  the 
department. 

The  committee  met  with  George  M.  Weaver  and  R.  D.  Lancas- 
ter, president  and  secretary  respectively  of  the  Greater  Des 
Moines  Kennel  Club,  and  made  a  proposition  for  a  dog  show  at 
the  1912  Iowa  State  Fair,  to  be  held  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Greater  Des  Moines  Kennel  Club. 

The  bill  of  the  Underwood  Typewriter  Company  for  a  new  ma- 
chine amounting  to  $70.53,  and  the  balance  due  the  Des  Moines 
Electric  Company  amounting  to  $358.23,  were  allowed  and  war- 
rants ordered  drawn. 

The  committee  visited  the  grounds  to  investigate  the  need  of 
additional  land  east  of  the  swine  pavilion  for  camp  grounds  for 
the  swine  and  sheep  exhibitors,  also  to  look  over  the  land  pur- 
chased by  the  Inter-state  Realty  Company  for  the  department. 

The  secretary  was  instructed  to  draw  up  a  contract  with  James 
H.  Deemer,  Superintendent  of  Grounds,  dating  same  from  Jan- 
uary 1,  1912,  in  accordance  wdth  the  resolution  of  the  board. 

The  committee  met  with  John  R.  Harrigan,  Superintendent  of 
the  Des  Moines  City  Railway  Company,  to  ascertain  what  action 
the  company  had  taken  relative  to  the  contemplated  change  in 
the  street  car  entrance  at  the  fair  grounds.  Mr.  Harrigan  in- 
formed the  committee  that  the  company  had  taken  no  action  but 
would  be  able  to  give  definite  information  by  the  5th  or  6th  of 
February. 

It  was  agreed  that  the  executive  committee  and  Mr.  E.  J.  Cur- 
tin,  Superintendent  of  Speed,  attend  the  meeting  of  the  Iowa, 
Nebraska  and  South  Dakota  Circuit  and  the  meeting  of  the 
Northwest  Iowa  Fair  Circuit  at  Sioux  City  January  31st  and 
February  1st. 

On  motion  the  committee  adjourned. 


252  TOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

MEETING   OF   COMMITTEE   ON   REVISION   OF   PREMIUM 

LIST. 

FEBRUARY  28,  1912. 

Committee  met  with  the  following  members  present :  Cameron, 
Corey,  Curtiss,  Pike  and  Johnston. 

The  bids  for  work  at  the  fair  grounds,  consisting  of  floor  in 
the  agricnltiiral  building,  floor  in  exhibition  spaces  in  machinery 
hall,  curbing  and  gutter  on  Grand  avenue,  being  on  file,  it  w^as 
decided  that  the  committee  open  these  bids  before  taking  up  the 
revision  of  the  premium  list. 

Bids  were  received  on  the  following  proposals: 

PROPOSAL  NO.  1. 

FLOOR   IN   AGRICULTURAL   BUILDING. 

The  undersigned  having  carefully  examined  the  plans  and 
specifications  for  the  proposed  cement  floor  in  the  agricultural 
building  on  the  Iowa  State  Fair  and  Exposition  Grounds,  hereby 
propose  to  furnish  all  materials  and  labor  to  complete  said  floor 
in  accordance  with  specifications  and  instructions  to  bidder,  for 
the  sum  of cents  per  square  foot. 

PROPOSAL  NO.  2. 

COMBINATION  CURB  AND  GUTTER. 

The  undersigned  having  carefully  examined  the  plans  and 
specifications  for  the  proposed  combination  curb  and  gutter  on 
the  Iowa  State  Fair  and  Exposition  Grounds,  hereby  propose  to 
furnish  all  materials  and  labor  to  complete  curbing  in  accordance 
with  specifications  and  instructions  to  the  bidder  for  the  sum  of 
cents  per  lineal  foot. 

PROPOSAL  NO.  3. 

CURBING,  MACHINERY  HALL. 

The  undersigned  having  carefully  examined  the  plans  and 
specifications  for  the  proposed  curbing  around  exhibition  spaces 
in  Machinery  Hall  on  the  Iowa  State  Fair  and  Exposition 
Grounds,  hereby  propose  to  furnish  all  materials  and  labor  to 
complete  curbing  in  accordance  with  specifications  and  instruc- 
tions to  bidder,  for  the  sum  of cents  per  lineal  foot. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  253 

PROPOSAL  NO.  4. 

300,000   BRICK   DELIVERED   TO    MACHINERY    HALL. 

The  undersigned  hereby  propose  to  furnish  300,000  sidewalk 
brick  delivered  to  machinery  hall  on  the  Iowa  State  Fair  and 

Exposition  Grounds  for  the  sum  of  $ per  thousand. 

The  sample  brick  submitted  to  be  a  fair  sample  of  the  brick  we 
propose  to  furnish.    Same  to  be  delivered  as  per  request  of  owner. 

PROPOSAL  NO.  5. 

LABOR  ON  MACHINERY  PIALL. 

The  undersigned  having  carefully  examined  the  plans  and 
specifications  for  the  proposed  floor  in  machinery  hall  on  the  Iowa 
State  Fair  and  Exposition  Grounds  propose  to  furnish  all  labor 
to  complete  floor  in  said  building  in  accordance  with  specifica- 
tions and  instructions  to  bidder,  for  the  sum  of cents 

per  lineal  foot. 

PROPOSAL  NO.  6. 

LABOR  AND  BRICK  FOR  FLOOR  IN  MACHINERY  HALL. 

The  undersigned  having  carefully  examined  the  plans  and 
specifications  for  the  proposed  floor  in  the  machinery  hall  on  the 
Iowa  State  Fair  and  Exposition  Grounds,  hereby  propose  to 
furnish  all  materials  and  labor  to  complete  floor  in  said  building 
in  accordance  with  speciflcations  and  instructions  to  bidder,  for 

the  sum  of  $ The  sample  of  brick  submitted  is  a  fair 

sample  of  the  brick  we  propose  to  use.  This  does  not  include 
cement  curbing  around  exhibition  spaces. 

The  following  is  the  tabulated  bids  received  on  the  above  pro- 
posals : 


254 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


Contractor's  Name  and  Address 

-a 
.S3 

IL 

ill 

No.;2— Comb'ncurb 
aud  gutter,  Grand 
avenue,  per  lineal 
foot 

No  3-Curbingin 
Machinery  bldg 
per  lineal  foot 

1  No.  4-Brickfor 

flooring  Machin- 
1    ery  bldg  per  M 

be 

ill 

si 

ft." 
ill 

no 

6.9 

600 

48 

26c 

26 

26 

30.4 

30 

30 

23.9 

20 

22ic 

The  AVngner  Co.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 

*80.1 

4,950.00 

7  4-7 
8i 
lOJ 
7.9 
8^ 

65 

""50"" 

6,699.00 

Hartle  &  Hall,  Des  3Ioines,  Iowa 

McRae  Construction  Co.,  Des  'Moines 

Bates   &  Thomas,  Des  Moines,   Iowa 

Louis  Runbeck,  Des  3Ioines,  Iowa 

36 

36 

*81.00 

$  13.00 

J.  W.  Turner  Imp.  Co.,  Des  Moines,  la. 
Frank  K.  'Hunt,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 

.89 

8.99 
7.49 
7h 

65 

23 

5,353.50 

Jas.  A.  Stanley,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 

13.00 


J.   L.   Hansman,   Des  iMoines,   Iowa 

Lytton-Reinking  Const.    Co.,   Des  Moines 

7.9 
71 
Si 
7.7 
8i 
5% 
SS 
10 

75 
90 

27 
33 

26.2 
30i 

5,600.00 
5,926.59 
6,139.98 

J.   S.  McLaughlin  &  Sons,  Red  Oak,  Iowa 
L.  J.  Johnson  &  J.  R.  Potts,  Des  Moines 

64 
70 
45 
75 
75 

31 

24i 

16 

30 

30 

; 

t3,15O.0O 

James  Horrabin,   Des  Moines,   Iowa 

J.  B.  MtGorrisk,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 

C      TT'      TTptins      Afnlinp     TH 

*76.41 



*SO.0O 

§9,744.00 

Lindblom  &  Johnson,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 

Cook  Const.  Co.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 

Christie  Const.   Co.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa.. 

05 
5i 

m 

80 
50 
65 

20 

m 

24 

5,498.00 

13.00 

lOJ 

4,585.00 

*Per  square  yard. 
tCement  brick. 
§Complete    aJI  work. 

After  the  committee  had  gone  over  the  bids  carefull}^  it  Avas 
evident  that  Potts  Brothers  were  the  lowest  bidders  on  the  com- 
bined work  provided  we  permitted  them  to  use  cement  brick  in 
place  of  sidewalk  brick  as  specified  for  floor  in  Machinery  Build- 
ing. 

The  committee  decided  that  it  would  not  be  advisable  to  use 
the  cement  brick  for  the  reason  that  they  had  no  knowledge  of 
any  tests  of  these  brick,  nor  did  they  know  of  any  place  where 
they  had  been  used  for  a  similar  purpose. 

Potts  Brothers  were  called  before  the  committee  and  asked 
to  submit  a  proposition  for  a  three  inch  cement  floor  in  Ma- 
chinery Hall,  with  same  specifications  as  floor  in  Agricultural 
Building,  except  blocks  were  to  be  cut  clear  through  and  three 
feet   square. 

Mr.  Lindblom  of  the  firm  of  Lindblom  and  Johnson,  Avho  were 
low  bidders  on  floors  in  Agricultural  Building,  was  also  called 
before  the  committee  and  asked  to  make  a  similar  proposition 
for  floor  in  Machinery  Hall. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI       255 

Potts  Brothers  made  the  following  proposition: 
"We  will  lay  three-inch  floor  in.  Machinery  Hall,  same  specifications  as 
in  Agricultural  Building  for  5^2   cents,  providing  we  are  awarded   con- 
tract for  floor  in  Agricultural  Building  at  the  same  figure  and  the  con- 
tract for  cement  curbing  as  per  our  bid."     Potts  Bros. 

Mr.  Lindblom's  proposition  was  as  follows: 

"Will  hereby  agree  to  build  the  floor  in  Machinery  Building,  furnishing 
the  material,  do  the  excavating,  lay  three-inch  floor,  same  as  in  Agricul- 
tural Building,  except  cutting  the  blocks.  Will  cut  the  blocks  three  feet 
square  as  specified  and  do  a  first  class  job  for  the  sum  of  .07c  per  square 
foot."    Lindblom  &  Johnson. 

The  following  is  the  summary  of  the  two  propositions  on  which 

the  contract  was  awarded: 

POTTS  BROTHERS,   DES  MOINES,  IOWA. 

32,000  sq.  fr.  3  in.  floor  in  Agricultural  Building  at  514c $  1,760.00 

450  lineal  ft.  combination  curb  and  gutter  at  45c 202.50 

65,750  sq.  ft.  3  in.  floor.  Machinery  Hall  at  sy^c 3,616.25 

4,200  lineal  ft.  curbing  Machinery  Hall  at  16c 672.00 

Total  for  all  work $     6,250.75 

LINDBLOM  &  JOHNSON,  DES  MOINES,  IOWA. 

32,000  sq.  ft.  3  in.  floor  in  Agricultural  Building  at  .05c $     1,600.00 

450  lineal  feet,  combination  curb  and  gutter  at  80c 360.00 

65,750  sq.  ft.  3  inch  floor  Machinery  Hall  at  7c $4,602.50 

4,200  lineal  feet  curbing  Machinery  Hall  at  20c 840.00 

Cost  of  floor  in  Machinery  Hall 5,442.00 

Total   for   all   work $     7,402.00 

Potts  Brothers  having  the  low  bid  the  committee  awarded 
them  the  contract  and  authorized  the  Secretary  to  execute  con- 
tract and  bond. 


256  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

REVISION  OF  PREMIUM  LIST. 

President  Cameron  announced  the  committee  was  now  ready  to 
take  up  the  matter  of  revision  of  the  rules  and  regulations  and 
classification  of  the  premium  list  for  the  Iowa  State  Fair  and 
Exposition  for  1912. 

PREMIUMS  OFFERED. 
IOWA    STATE    FAIR    AND    EXPOSITION. 

1911-1912. 

Offered  by  Offered  by    Increase  h\  Decrease 

Departm't  Departm't      Departm't     by  Dep't 

1912  1911  1912                1912 

Horses   -              $13,233.00  $12,957.00  $276.00 

Speed       -     -      -     15,250.00  14,750.00  500.00 

CattJe 11,252.00  10,505.00  657.00 

Swine 4,030.00  3,918. CO  112.00 

Sheep   2,748.00  2,738.00  10.00 

Poultry  1,9S9.00  1,867.00  122.00 

Agriculture   4,008.00  3,586.00  422.00 

Pantry  and  Kitchen 828.50  5<J7.50  261.00 

Apiary  295.00  295.00 

Dairy   657.00  657.00 

Horticulture 1,482.75  1,163.75  319.00 

Floriculture    1,279.00  1,279.00 

Pine  Ai-ts 1,869.50  1,955.50  $86.C0 

Work  of  Children 170.50  158.50  12.00 

School    Exhibits    867.00  735.00  132.00 

Dog    Show    1,000.00  1,000.00 

Babies'  Health  Contest  280.00  280.00 

Scholarships    650.00  1,000.00  350.00 

Exhibit  Iowa  State  College 800.00  800.00 

$62,689.25     $59,022.25   $4,103.00     $436.00 


EXECUTIVE   COMMITTEE   MEETING. 
FEBRUARY  29,  1912. 

Members  present :  Cameron  and  Corey. 

Contracts  were  entered  into  with  the  following  bands  for  en- 
gagement at  the  1912  state  fair :  Patrick  Conway  Band,  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  consisting  of  forty  pieces,  including  a  lady  soloist,  for 
seven  days,  at  $2,500.00;  and  Libera ti's  Band,  New  York  City, 
consisting  of  forty-two  pieces,  including  six  grand  opera  singers, 
for  seven  days,  at  $2,520.00. 

The  superintendent  of  grounds  was  instructed  to  rent  all  avail- 
able ground  directly  north  of  the  fair  grounds,  to  be  used  during 
the  fair  for  plowing  demonstrations  and  an  aviation  field,  and  put 
in  an  early  crop  that  would  not  interfere  with  the  use  of  the 
ground  during  the  fair. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI 


257 


The  superintendent  of  grounds  was  instructed  to  employ  a 
competent  engineer  to  set  grade  stakes  for  floor  in  the  agricultural 
building.  Also  to  lay  the  necessary  sewer  pipes  to  down  spouts 
and  concession  booths  in  said  building,  and  lay  li/4  inch  water 
pipe  necessary  for  flushing  the  floor. 

Contract  with  the  superintendent  of  grounds  drawn  by  the 
secretary  was  approved. 

The  speed  program,  which  had  been  previously  discussed  with 
Mr.  Curtin,  superintendent  of  the  speed  department,  was  adopted. 

The  president  announced  the  appointment  of  the  following 
standing  committees  for  1912 : 


C.  E.  Cameron 


C.  W.  Phillips 


EXECUTIVE. 

O.  A.  Olson 

AUDITING. 

R.  S.  Johnston 


A.  R.  Corey 
T.  C.  Legoe 


E.  M.  Went  worth 


KESOLUTIONS. 

F.  E.  Sheldon 


E.  J.  Curtin 


C.  E.  Cameron 

E.  M.  Reeves 


POWERS    AND   DUTIES    OF   BOARD, 

0.  A.  Olson 


A.  R.  Corey 
C.  F.  Curtiss 


ADULTERATION    OF    FOODS,     SEEDS    AND    OTHER    PRODUCTS. 

E.  W.  Stanton  E.  M.  Wentworth  W.  B.  Barney 

NOXIOUS   WEEDS,   FUNGUS  DISEASES  IN   GRAINS,   GRASSES,   PLANTS,   ETC. 

E.  M,  Reeves  J.  P.  Summers  O.  A.  Olson 


W.  B.  Barney 


C.  F.  Curtiss 


DAIRYING    AND   DAIRY   PRODUCTS. 

O.  A.  Olson 

ANIMAL    INDUSTRY. 

H.  L.  Pike 


J.  F.  Summers 


J.  I.  Gibson 


C.  E.  Cameron 

C.  W.  Phillips 


LEGISLATIVE. 

O.  A.  Olson 


A.  R.  Corey 
F.  E.  Sheldon 


REVISION    OF    PREMIUM    LIST,    RULES    AND    REGULATIONS 

0.  A.  Olson 


C.  E.  Cameron 

R.  S.  Johnston 
H.  L.  Pike 


A.  R.  Corey 
C.  F.  Curtiss 
J.  P.  Mullen 


17 


258  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

President  Cameron  instructed  the  secretary  to  write  the  mem- 
bers to  the  effect  that  there  would  be  a  meeting  of  the  board  at 
nine  o'clock  Tuesday,  March  12th,  to  determine  just  what  por- 
tion of  the  horse  barn  should  be  built  this  year  and  to  transact 
such  other  business  as  might  come  before  the  board. 


MEETING  OP  THE  STATE  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
MARCH  12,  1912. 

Meeting  was  called  to  order  by  President  C.  E.  Cameron  at  10 :00 
a.  m. 

The  following  members  responded  to  roll  call :  Cameron,  Olson, 
Corey,  Johnston,  Phillips,  Reeves,  Curtin,  Wentworth,  Legoe, 
Curtiss,  Mullen  and  Pike. 

Minutes  of  board  meeting  on  December  15th  and  minutes  of 
special  committee  on  revision  of  the  premium  list  on  February 
28th  were  read  and  approved. 

The  President  announced  that  the  purpose  of  the  meeting  was 
for  the  board  to  determine  what  permanent  improvements  should 
be  made  on  the  grounds  this  year  in  addition  to  those  authorized 
by  the  board  on  December  15th,  and  to  authorize  the  Executive 
Committee  to  have  working  plans  drawn  and  to  advertise  for  bids 
and  let  contract. 

The  secretary  presented  a  statement  of  the  financial  condition 
of  the  treasury  on  March  1,  1912,  showing  there  would  be  avail- 
able about  $20,000  from  balance  on  hand  and  estimated  receipts 
from  sources  other  than  fair  up  to  June  1,  1912. 

Also  the  following  statement  of  estimated  cost  of  improve- 
ments authorized  by  the  board  and  those  necessary  to  put  the 
grounds  and  buildings  in  proper  condition  for  the  1912  fair. 

AUTHOKIZED    BY    EOARD,    DECEMBER    15X11. 

Floor  in  Machinery  Hall  (contract  let) $  4,288.00 

Floor  in  Agricultural  Building  (contract  let) 1,760.00 

Combination  curb  and  gutter    (contract  let) 202.50 

One-half  of  new  street  car  entrance 3,000.00 

Purchase  price  of  street  car  company's  share  in  old 

entrance    750.00 

Change  in  fence  to  enclose  additional  ground  pur- 
chased  (2,200  feet)    500.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PAUT  VI  259 

Addition  to  Club  Dining  Hall  14x30 200.00 

Shower  baths  and  floor  in  room  under  swine  pa- 
vilion, 12x76   * , 300.00 

Due  on  last  year's  contracts 588.00 


$  11,588.50 


ESTIMATED    BUILDING    REPAIKS,     ETC.,     NECESSARY    TO    PUT    GROUNDS     IN     PROPER 
SHAPE  PRIOR  TO   1912   FAIR. 

Removing  and  rebuilding  booths,  tables,  etc.,  in 
Agricultural  Building  and  placing  drains  and 
water  pipes  under  floor $        500.00 

Grading,  cindering  and  improving  new  streets,  pro- 
viding new  changes  are  made  in  street  car  en- 
trance           1,500.00 

Two  cars  of  road  oil  for  streets 500.00 

Rebuilding  sky  lights  and  replacing  broken  glass 

in  Machinery  Hall    750.00 

Painting  roof  and  cornice  on  agricultural  building 
and  painting  up  brick  under  windows 250.00 

Painting  roof  on  Administration  Building 100.00 

Painting  roofs  on  three  horse  barns 150.00 

Painting  cornice  on  amphitheater 50.00 

100  iawn  seats  200.00 

Miscellaneous  improvements  and  supplies  for  super- 
intendent of  grounds,  chargeable  to  improvements 
and  repairs  not  enumerated  above 2,000.00 

Moving    six    horse    barns,     filling    and    replacing 

stalls,  etc 900.00 

6,900.00 

.    $  18,488.50 

The  Executive  Committee  reported  the  estimated  cost  of  improvements 
under  consideration  as  follows: 

For  one  unit  of  cattle  barns $     6,000.00 

For  one  unit  of  horse  barns 10,000.00 

For  cross  section  of  horse  barn,  156x224,  as  per 
plans  and  estimates  prepared  by  architect,  0.  0. 
Smith,  Nourse  &  Rasmussen: 

Mason  work 4,140.00 

Carpenter  work   9,700.00 

Sheet  metal  and  roofing 3,080.00 

Painting   495.00 

Hardware  85.00 

Steel  work  5,500.00 

$  23,000.00 
The  board  decided  that  the  logical  portion  of  the  horse  barn 
to  be  built  this  year  would  be  the  cross  section  as  outlined  in 
sketch. 


260  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Mr.  Curtin  offered  the  following  resolution  and  moved  its 
adoption.     Seconded  by  Mr.  Curtiss: 

Resolved.  That  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  approve  the  plans  and 
sketches  for  the  proposed  cross  section  of  the  steel  and  brick  horse  barn 
as  submitted  by  O.  O.  Smith,  Nourse  &  Rasmussen,  associated  architects, 
and  be  it  further 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  and  Mr.  C.  F.  Curtiss  be,  and 
they  are  hereby  authorized  and  instructed  to  have  working  plans  made 
and  to  advertise  for  bids  on  same.     And  be  it  further 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  and  Mr.  C.  F.  Curtiss  be,  and 
they  are  hereby  authorized  to  award  contracts  for  the  above  work  to  the 
lowest  responsible  bidder. 

The  secretary  called  the  roll : 

Those  voting  aye  were  : 

Cameron,  Olson,  Corey,  Johnston,  Reeves,  Curtin,  Wentworth, 
Legoe,  Curtiss,  Mullen  and  Pike. 

Those  voting  no — None. 

Those  absent — Phillips,  Sheldon  and  Summers. 

The  president  declared  the  resolution  adopted. 

Mr.  Wentworth  moved  that  the  matter  of  moving  all  the  old 
horse  barns  and  installing  closets  and  shower  baths  in  the  pro- 
posed new  horse  barn  be  left  to  the  Executive  Committee,  with 
the  recommendation  that  same  be  done  if  possible.  Seconded  by 
Mr.  Johnston  and  carried. 

Mr.  Reeves  offered  the  following  resolution  and  moved  its 
adoption : 

Resolved,  That  no  officer  or  employe  in  any  department  of  the  fair  shall 
have  any  concession  or  privilege,  or  any  interest  or  connection  with  any 
concession  or  privilege  pertaining  to  the  fair. 

The  motion  prevailed. 

The  secretary  presented  an  itemized  statement  of  the  cost  of 
advertising  the  1911  fair  and  the  proposed  budget  for  1912. 

On  motion  the  advertising  budget  for  1912  was  approved. 

The  president  appointed  a  committee  on  per  diem  and  mileage : 
Johnston,  Wentworth  and  Curtin. 

The  committee  reported  as  follows : 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI 


261 


Mr.  President:     Your  committee  on  per  diem  and  mileage  beg  to  report 
as  follows: 

Warrant 

No.           Name  Days  Rate  Amount  Miles  Amount  Total 

9318  C.E.Cameron 3  $4.00  $12.00  140  $14.00  $26.00' 

9319  O.A.Olson 3  4.00         12.00  155           15.50  27.50 

9320  R.  S.  Johnston 3  4.00         12.00  158           15.80  27.80 

9321  C.W.Phillips 3  4.00         12.00  210           21.00  33.00 

9322  Elmer  M.  Reeves.  ..  3  4.00         12.00  123           12.30  24.30 
9323'  E.   J.   Curtin 3  4.00         12.00  195           19.50  31.50 

9324  E.   M.   Wentworth..  3  4.00  12.00  60  6.00  18.00 

9325  T.  C.  Legoe 3  4.00  12.00  85  8.50  20.50 

9326  Chas.   F.    Curtiss. .  .  3  4.00  12.00  37  3.70  15.70 
F.  E.  Sheldon 

J.  F.  Summers 

9327  Jno.  P.  Mullen 3         4.00         12.00         117  11.70  23.70 

93'28     H.    L.    Pike 3         4.00         12.00         200  20.0'0  32.00 

$280.00 
Respectfully  submitted, 

R.   S.   JOHNSTON, 

E.    M.   WENTWORTH, 

E.  J.  CURTIN. 

On  motion  board  adjourned  to  meet  on  call  of  president. 


SPECIAL    COMMITTEE    MEETING,    AUDITORIUM    HOTEL, 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 

MARCH  18-20,  1912. 


The  special  committee  composed  of  the  executive  committee 
member,  E,  J.  Curtin,  and  superintendent  of  privileges  and  con- 
cessions, Mr.  W.  C.  Brown,  met  at  the  Auditorium  Hotel  in  Chi- 
cago with  the  managers  of  the  western  state  fairs  for  the  purpose 
of  selecting  attractions  and  carnival  company  and  to  consider 
various  propositions  for  the  night  show  at  the  amphitheater. 

The  committee  closed  contract  for  the  Nat  Reese  Carnival  com- 
pany; also  signed  contract  for  Conway's  Band  and  Libera ti's 
Band. 

Contracts  for  attractions  were  deferred  until  the  committee 
could  determine  on  the  night  show  for  the  amphitheater. 


262  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
APRIL  2-3,,  1912. 

Committee  m_et  with  all  members  present ;  also  Member  Curtiss. 

The  committee  meeting  was  called  for  the  purpose  of  meeting 
with  Mr.  C.  B.  Irwin,  representing  the  Irwin  Brothers,  owners 
of  the  Cheyenne  Frontier  Show,  and  to  consider  finally  the  propo- 
sition for  the  above  show  as  the  night  attraction  at  the  amphi- 
theater. 

After  careful  consideration  of  the  proposition  the  committee 
closed  contract  for  a  consideration  of  $12,000.00  for  six  days 
and  six  nights. 

Copy  of  contract  on  file. 

The  secretary  Avas  instructed  to  advertise  for  bids  on  the  horse 
barn;  said  bids  to  be  filed  by  12  o'clock  noon  on  the  3d  day  of 
]\Iay. 

The  secretary  was  authorized  to  contract  with  Mrs.  Matilda 
Winterrowd  and  J\Iiss  Stella  Henderson  for  the  two  ten-acre  tracts 
directly  north  of  the  fair  grounds  at  $9.00  per  acre ;  the  same  to 
be  put  into  crop  and  to  be  used  for  aviation  field  and  plowing 
demonstrations  during  fair  week. 

On  recommendation  of  J.  F.  Summers,  superintendent  of  the 
poultry  department,  a  rule  was  adopted  and  ordered  printed  in 
the  rules  of  the  Poultry  Department,  limiting  exhibitors  from 
outside  the  state  from  showing  more  than  fifty  birds. 

The  secretary  was  authorized  to  send  representative  on  trade 
special  run  over  the  C,  R.  I.  &  P.  and  Northwestern  lines  from 
Des  Moines  to  West  Liberty  and  return,  on  the  14tli,  15th  and 
16th  of  May ;  the  expense  to  be  $35.00  for  the  trip. 

The  secretary  was  instructed  to  submit  a  bid  of  $250.00  to  the 
Chicago  Daily  Live  Stock  World  for  two  Poland  China  Futurity 
Shows.  One  to  be  held  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair  in  1912  and  one 
in  1913. 

The  superintendent  of  grounds  was  authorized  to  order  two 
dump  wagon  boxes  for  use  on  grounds. 

The  committee  put  in  a  greater  portion  of  Thursday  on  the 
grounds  going  over  minor  improvements  and  in  determining 
location  of  old  horse  barns  that  will  have  to  be  moved  in  case 
new  horse  barn  is  built. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  263 

The  secretary  was  authorized  to  start  condemnation  proceed- 
ings against  the  Patterson,  Brown,  Barry  and  Phillips  and  the 
Italian  Real  Estate  Company  properties  unless  an  agreement 
between  them  and  Mr.  Harwood  could  be  reached  by  the  first  of 
the  week. 

The  committee  and  Professor  Curtiss  went  over  the  plans  and 
specifications  for  the  horse  barn.  They  instructed  the  architect 
to  secure  a  separate  bid  on  asbestos  shingles  from  the  Central 
Asbestos  Supply  Company  of  Des  Moines,  using  Keasbey  &  Mat- 
tison  Company  shingles  to  furnish  the  material  and  complete  the 
roof.  They  also  authorized  the  secretary  to  secure  a  bid  from 
the  Rockford  Steel  Fixture  Company  for  126  No.  1  Standard  hay 
racks  and  the  same  number  of  No.  1  Standard  feed  mangers. 
The  same  to  be  put  in  place  by  contractors. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
APRIL  10-11-12,  1912. 

Committee  met  with  all  members  present ;  also  Member  Curtiss. 

The  first  estimate  on  cement  floor  in  agricultural  building, 
amounting  to  $600.00,  was  ordered  paid. 

The  three  windmill  towers  east  of  race  track  were  condemned 
and  the  Dempster  Manufacturing  Company  was  notified  to  re- 
move same. 

The  committee  instructed  the  superintendent  of  grounds  to 
have  Potts  Brothers  place  combination  curb  and  gutter  on  east 
side  of  Rock  Island  avenue  from  Capitol  avenue  to  northeast 
corner  of  agricultural  building  and  on  the  south  side  of  Grand 
avenue  from  street  crossing  west  of  administration  building  to 
bridge,  as  soon  as  floor  is  completed  in  agricultural  building. 

The  superintendent  was  instructed  to  place  a  cement  culvert 
across  the  street  running  north  from  Grand  avenue  west  of  Dodd 
and  Struthers  buildmg.  Also  to  make  fill  in  space  between  bridge 
and  track  Avest  of  amphitheater,  Avith  a  view  of  using  same  for 
storage  of  track  tools. 

Also  to  plow  and  level  all  new  ground  and  have  same  properly 
seeded. 

The  matter  of  bidding  for  the  National  Draft  Horse  Breeders' 
Futurities  opened  by  the  Chicago  Daily  Live  Stock  World  was 


264  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

discussed  by  the  committee  and  C.  F.  Curtiss,  superintendent  of 
the  horse  department,  and  it  was  agreed  that  the  management 
of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  would  make  the  Live  Stock  World  a  propo- 
sition as  follows :  The  management  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  agree 
to  add  $1,000.00  to  the  eight  futurities  for  j^earling  draft  stal- 
lions and  fillies  for  1912  provided  the  show  was  awarded  to  Iowa 
in  1913  and  1914  at  the  same  figure ;  the  Live  Stock  World  to  guar- 
antee that  the  money  offered  in  these  futurities  each  year,  not  in- 
cluding the  amount  put  up  by  the  Iowa  State  Fair,  amounts  to 
$2,000.00  in  cash. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
APRIL  23-25,  1912. 

Committee  met  with  Members  Cameron  and  Corey  present : 

A  conference  was  held  with  Mr.  Harrigan,  manager  of  the  Des 
Moines  City  Railway  Company,  and  Mr.  Smith,  who  represented 
the  Harris  interest  in  the  railway  company,  relative  to  changing 
the  tracks  and  street  car  entrance  to  the  grounds.  The  plan  was 
thoroughly  gone  over  and  IMessrs.  Harrigan  and  Smith  indicated  a 
willingness  to  change  the  tracks  providing  the  management  of  the 
fair  would  provide  an  adequate  entrance  and  exit. 

Committee  met  with  all  members  present;  also  board  members 
Mullen,  Sheldon  and  Curtin,  and  Assistant  Superintendent  of 
Speed,  Mr.  A.  L.  Denio. 

The  committee  considered  the  proposition  submitted  for  the 
fireworks  program,  to  be  put  on  in  connection  with  the  Cheyenne 
Frontier  Days  in  front  of  the  amphitheater  each  night,  by  Mr. 
Gordon,  representing  the  Pain  Fireworks  Company  and  Mr.  Duf- 
field,  representing  the  Newton  Duffield  Company. 

The  Superintendent  of  Grounds  was  directed  to  order  new 
fencing  for  enclosing  new  ground  on  south  side,  and  twenty-six 
inch  strip  on  south  side  of  Machinery  Hall ;  to  order  five  barrels 
linseed  oil  and  to  paint  roofs  of  all  buildings  except  stock  pavilion. 

To  take  charge  of  moving  Crawford  House  to  new  location  on 
Capitol  Avenue. 

The  space  under  east  end  of  grandstand  was  assigned  to  U.  S. 
Navy  Department  for  their  exhibit,  with  the  understanding  that 
we  are  to  be  to  no  expense  for  floor  or  enclosing  same. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI       265 

SPECIAL  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 

MAY  3-5,  1912. 

The  cominittee  met  with  the  following  members  present:  Cam- 
eron, Olson,  Corey,  Curtiss. 

The  proposal  of  the  meeting  was  to  open  bids  on  the  horse  barn 
which  w^ere  to  be  on  file  at  twelve  o'clock  noon,  May  4th. 

The  following  is  the  form  of  proposal  on  which  bids  were 
received. 

"To   the  Iowa  State  Board  of  Agriculture, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Gentlemen:  The  undersigned  having  carefully  examined  the  plans  and 
specifications  for  the  proposed  new  horse  barn  to  be  erected  on  the  Iowa 
State  Fair  Grounds,  hereby  propose  to  furnish  all  the  materials  and 
labor  necessary  in  the  erection  and  completion  of  all  parts  of  the  build- 
ing, as  per  plans  and  specifications,  not  including  any  plumbing,  electric 
wiring,  metal  feed  boxes  and  hay  racks,  rolling  steel  doors,  asbestos  shin- 
gle roof,  the  connecting  of  the  down  spouts  to  sewer  and  the  grading  of  the 
interior  of  the  building  for  the  sura  of  $ 

If  the  stalls  in  the  new  building  are  constructed  of  hard  maple  plank 
instead  of  yellow  pine,  'the  posts  to  remain  oak,'  add  to  above  bid  the 
sum  of  $ 

Time  of  completion  of  building  August  1,  1912.  Roof  completed  ready 
for  asbestos  shingles  not  later  than  July  22,  1912.  Roof  must  be  com- 
pleted by  August  15,  1912. 

Enclosed  find  certified  check  for  5%  on  original  contract  price  made 
payable  to  A.  R.  Corey,   Secretary." 


The  following  is  a  tabulation  of  the  bids  received  for  general 
contract : 

For  Additional 

Bidder  general         for  hard  ma-  Total 

contract         pie  in  stalls 

Chas.  Weitz  &  Sons,  Des  Moines $  21,750.00  $        250.00  $  22,000.00 

J.  B.  M:cGorrisk,  Des  Moines 23,600.00  300.00  23,900.00 

J.    E.    Lovejoy,    Des    Moines 20,670.00  240.00  20,910.00 

Benson  &  Marxer,  Des  Moines 21,000.00  575.00  21,575.00 

Jas.  Maine  &  Sons  Co.,  Des  Moines 20,744.00  310.00  21,054.00 

W.  H.  Brereton,  Des  Moines 21,000.00  325.00  21,325.00 

The  following  proposals  were  received  for  furnishing  asbestos 
and  metal  shingles  and  completing  the  main  roof  on  barn : 
Central  Asbestos  &  Supply  Co.,  Des  Moines,  Keasby  &  Mattison 

Company  Asbestos   Shingles $     4,400.00 

St.  John  &  Barquist  Company,  Des  Moines: 

Johns-Mansville  Asbestos  Shingles 4,263.00 


266  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Cortright,  10x14  Victoria  Metal  Shingle 3,375.00 

Cortright,   10x14  Galvanized   Shingles 3,740.00 

Backman  Sheet  Metal  Works,  Des  Moines: 

Cortright,    10x14    metal    shingles    at    $6.25    per    square    plus 

$140.00  for  flashing  valleys,  etc.,  approximately  360  squares       2,570.00 

The  committee  decided  that  inasmuch  as  the  bids  for  asbestos 
shingles  were  so  much  in  excess  of  those  for  metal  shingles  they 
would  not  be  considered. 

The  proposals  as  tabulated  above  were  read  to  all  bidders 
present. 

The  committee  with  Mr.  Eassussen,  architect  for  Machinery 
Hall,  and  Mr.  Love  joy,  general  contractor  for  said  building, 
visited  the  grounds  to  determine  what  should  be  done  toward  re- 
placing broken  skylights  and  re-laying  drains.  It  was  the  opinion 
of  the  architect  and  the  committee  that  if  Mr.  Lovejoy  would 
place  a  2x4  under  each  metal  strip  supporting  the  glass  in  the 
skylights,  repair  the  metal  frames,  and  replace  all  broken  glass, 
they  would  be  accepted.  The  drain  pipes  from  all  down  spouts 
to  be  uncovered  and  placed  at  proper  grade  and  all  broken  metal 
soil  pipes  to  be  replaced  with  new  ones. 

Mr.  Lovejoy  agreed  to  make  these  repairs  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  architect  and  committee  at  once. 

The  matter  of  letting  contract  for  the  horse  barn  was  again 
taken  up. 

Motion  was  made  that  Mr.  Lovejoy,  the  lowest  bidder,  be 
awarded  the  contract  and  that  the  secretary  and  architect  be  au- 
thorized  to  execute  same.  Motion  carried.  Mr.  Lovejoy  was 
called  before  the  committee  and  his  attention  was  called  to  a  few 
changes  that  had  been  made  on  original  plans  which  he  agreed  to 
make,  if  he  was  awarded  contract,  without  additional  cost.  He 
also  stated  he  would  accept  the  proposal  from  the  Backman  Sheet 
Metal  Works  for  putting  on  roof  at  their  bid  and  would  put  it  in 
with  his  general  contract.  The  secretary  was  directed  to  co- 
operate with  the  architect  in  drawing  up  a  contract  to  this  effect. 

The  committee,  with  C.  F.  Curtiss,  visited  the  grounds  and 
agreed  upon  the  location  for  the  old  horse  barn,  which  is  to  be 
moved  to  make  room  for  the  new  cross  section  of  the  permanent 
horse  barn. 

The  committee  granted  the  National  Aviators  of  Des  Moines 
the  use  of  the  Grandstand  and  infield  on  May  30th,  for  the  usual 
rental  of  $100,00  for  the  day,  for  an  aviation  meet. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  267 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
MAY  15-16,  1912. 

Committee  met  with  all  members  present. 

On  "Wednesday  morning  the  committee  met  at  the  grounds  at 
10:00  a.  m.,  with  the  Sheriff's  jury  selected  to  condemn  property 
for  addition  to  fair  grounds. 

The  Sheriff's  jury  made  the  following  awards: 
Italian  Real  Estate  Company: 

Lots  19-28  inclusive,  Block  "A"  Cotton  Mill  Addition  to  Grant 

Park — vacant    $     1,000.00 

Mrs.  Eva  Brown,  et  al.: 

Lots  23-24-25  Block  H,  Redhead's  Addition  to  Grant  Park- 
two   houses    1,500.00 

Mrs.  Anna  Peters  Barry: 

Lot   15,   Block   "P"   Redhead's   Addition   to   Grant   Park — one 

house     500.00 

Frank  Thompson: 

For  vacating  .3307  Logan  Avenue 10.00 

To  expense  of  sheriff's  jury 39,50 

$     3',049.50 

The  Secretary  was  directed  to  issue  warrant  for  above  amount 
and  turn  same  over  to  Ben.  J.  Ness,  Sheriff  of  Polk  County. 

The  Secretary  was  instructed  to  co-operate  with  the  Attorney 
General 's  office  in  preparing  a  petition  to  be  presented  to  the  city 
council,  asking  for  the  vacation  of  streets  and  alleys  on  the 
ground  recently  acquired  by  the  state. 

The  following  petition  was  presented  at  the  regular  meeting  of 
the  council  at  10 :00  a.  m.,  May  17th,  1912. 

PETITION. 

To  the  Honorable  Mayor  and  City  Council  of  the  City  of  Des  Moines: 

The  undersigned  respectfully  request  and  petition  your  honorable  body 
for  the  vacation  of  the  following  streets  and  alleys  located  in  Grant  Park 
Addition  to  the  City  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  to-wit: 

Walnut  street  from  the  west  line  of  Lot  ten    (10)    in  Block  D  to 

Thirty-first  street; 
Thirty-first  street  from  the  north  line  of  Logan  avenue  to  the  north 

line  of  the  plat  of  Cotton  Mill  Addition; 
The  alley  in  Block  D  from  the  west  line  of  Lots  ten  (10)  and  twenty- 
two   (22)   to  Thirty-first  street; 
All  that  part  of  Logan  avenue  in  Redhead's  Addition  from  Thirty- 
first  street  east  to  the  Iowa  State  Fair  Grounds; 
All  that  part  of  Thirty-second  street  from  the  south  side  of  Logan 
avenue  to  the  north  line  of  Dean  avenue; 


268  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

All  of  the  alley  in  Block  H,  Redhead's  Addition; 
All  of  the  alley  in  Block  F  from  a  point  nine  feet  west  of  the  east 
line  of  Lots   nine    (9)    and   twenty    (20)    in   Block  F   to   thirty- 
second  street. 
In  exchange  for  the  vacation  of  the  above  described  streets  and  alleys, 
the  Iowa  State  Board  of  Agriculture  hereby  tenders  to  the  city  of  Des 
Moines  deeds  to  lots  nine    (9)    and  twenty-one    (21)    in  Block  D,  Cotton 
Mill  Addition  to  Grant  Park  in  the  city  of  Des  Moines. 

Respectfully, 
IOWA  STATE  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
Per 

Messrs.  Olson,  Wentworth  and  Deemer,  in  company  with  en^ 
gineer,  John  Budd,  went  over  the  camp  ground  proposition  and 
instructed  Mr.  Budd  to  lay  out  the  main  streets  east  and  west 
with  cross  streets  running  north  and  south. 

The  Secretary  was  directed  to  write  the  Hays  Pump  and  Planter 
Company,  Galva,  Illinois,  and  the  Emerison-Brantingham  Com- 
pany, Rockford,  Illinois,  that  their  buildings  had  been  condemned 
by  the  Executive  Committee  and  that  the  same  must  be  removed 
on  or  before  the  18th  of  June,  1912. 

The  Des  Moines  Bridge  &  Iron  Company  was  given  an  order  to 
replace  all  inside  braces  on  the  counter  balanced  roof  on  Ma- 
chinery Hall  with  heavier  iron;  the  same  as  the  five  braces  re- 
placed by  them  and  passed  upon  by  the  committee. 

The  committee  instructed  the  Secretary  and  the  Superintendent 
of  Grounds  to  determine  what  change  should  be  made  in  the 
drains  from  down  spouts  in  Machinery  Hall,  and  to  co-operate 
with  Mr.  Lovejoy  in  making  the  change  at  once. 

The  Secretary  Avas  directed  to  advertise  the  seven  houses  ac- 
quired by  purchase  and  condemnation  proceedings  to  be  sold  at 
auction  on  May  31,  1912. 

The  Secretary  was  also  instructed  to  have  the  insurance  com- 
panies adjust  damage  done  to  dome  of  Exposition  Building  on 
night  of  May  10th. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 

MAY  30,  31,  June  1, 1912. 

Committee  met  with  all  members  present. 

The  purpose  of  this  meeting  was  to  co-operate  with  a  committee 
/rom  the  Minnesota  and  South  Dakota  State  Fairs  in  securing 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  269 

aeroplane  attraction  for  the  three  fairs.  Propositions  on  file  were 
considered  and  a  number  were  presented  by  the  representatives  of 
aviation  concerns.  The  joint  committee  practically  agreed  upon 
the  proposition  submitted  by  Mr.  Corrothers  representing  the 
National  Aviators  of  Chicago  for  one  Curtis  and  one  Wright  bi- 
plane and  one  Newport  monoplane,  each  aviator  to  make  two 
flights  daily,  for  the  sum  of  $2,800.00  for  each  of  the  three  fairs ; 
pro  rata  amount  deducted  for  flights  not  made.  The  committee 
authorized  Mr.  Simpson  and  Mr.  Mcllvaine,  secretaries  of  the  Min- 
nesota and  South  Dakota  State  Fairs  respectively,  to  attend  the 
aviation  meet  in  Chicago  on  the  31st  inst.  and  if  the  National 
Aviators  made  satisfactory  flights  to  contract  for  same  and  du- 
plicate contract  for  the  Iowa  State  Fair. 

The  committee  met  at  the  grounds  at  2  o'clock  p.  m.  to  attend 
the  auction  sale  of  houses  on  the  ground  condemned  by  the  state 
for  state  fair  purposes.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  properties, 
to  whom  sold,  and  amount  for  which  each  was  sold : 

Sale  price 

3  room  house,  3030  East  Walnut,  Chas.  Mayfield,  1012  Allen $         99.00 

4  room  house,  3145  Logan,  L.  R.  Tillotson,  1421  Maple 72.50 

4  room  house,  3201  Logan,  H.  F.  Deets,  35th  and  Hubbell 100.00 

3  room  house,  3202  Logan,  E.  Clarke  Campbell,  2210  E.  Walnut'        100.00 

3  room  house,  3205  Logan,  Caleb  Johns,  804  E.  30th  St 100.00 

4  room  house,  3207  Logan,  H.  R.  Lovejoy,  836  25th  St.  Court..  172.00 

7  room  house,  3209  Logan,  T.  L.  Sellers,  36th  and  Dean 415.00 

Barn,  J.  L.  Barr 17.00 

The  committee  had  a  conference  with  Dr.  J.  I.  Gibson,  State 
Veterinarian,  relative  to  the  rule  promulgated  by  the  Animal 
Health  Commission  requiring  vaccination  of  swine  exhibited  at 
the  Iowa  State  Fair  and  the  Interstate  Live  Stock  Fair  at  Sioux 
City.  An  agreement  was  reached  that  inasmuch  as  the  rule  had 
never  been  approved  by  the  Executive  Council  and  was  therefore 
not  in  force,  that  the  same  would  be  withheld  until  after  these 
two  shows.  It  was  further  agreed  that  the  two  departments 
would  co-operate  and  make  application  to  the  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture  for  the  services  of  one  of  the  department's  experts 
to  attend  the  Iowa  State  Fair  this  year  for  the  purpose  of  ad- 
ministering the  vaccine  to  swine  on  exhibition  providing  it  meets 
with  the  wishes  of  the  exhibitors. 

The  committee  met  at  the  office  of  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture with  Mr.  Emil  G.  Schmidt  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Harrigan,  president 
and  general  manager  respectively  for  the  Des  Moines  City  Rail- 


270  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

way  Company,  for  the  purpose  of  considering  the  change  in  the 
street  car  entrance  at  the  fair  grounds. 

The  correspondence  with  Mr.  C.  F.  Curtiss  and  Mr.  0.  J.  Mooers 
relative  to  the  use  of  one  of  the  show  horse  barns  and  the  stock 
pavilion  by  Mr.  Mooers  was  considered.  The  committee  agreed 
to  grant  Mr.  Mooers  the  use  of  one  barn  at  the  usual  rental  of 
$1.00  per  stall  per  month,  and  the  use  of  the  pavilion  during  rainy 
weather  and  the  winter  months  free. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
JUNE  13,  1912. 

Committee  met  with  all  members  present. 

The  president  of  the  Des  Moines  City  Railway  Company,  Emil 
G.  Schmidt,  met  with  the  committee  to  further  consider  changes 
in  the  street  car  entrance  to  the  fair  grounds. 

An  agreement  was  reached  whereby  the  City  Railway  Company 
agreed  to  change  their  tracks  providing  the  state  fair  manage- 
ment would  give  said  company  a  twenty-five  year  lease  on  the 
south  forty  feet  of  lots  2  to  25  inclusive  in  block  A  and  lots  10 
and  22,  block  D,  Cotton  Mill  Addition  to  Grant  Park,  on  which 
to  construct  the  necessary  sidings,  loop,  switches  and  turnouts. 


EXECUTIVE  AND  SPECIAL  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
JUNE  18-21,  1912. 

The  executive  committee  met  with  all  members  present,  also 
board  members  Johnston,  Curtin,  Summers,  Curtiss,  and  assistant 
superintendent  of  the  speed  department,  A.  L.  Denio. 

The  following  contracts  were  approved: 

Contract  with  the  National  Aeroplane  Company  of  Chicago  for  three 
aeroplanes. 

Contract  with  R.  R.  Colwell,  Mansfield,  Ohio,  for  the  score  card  privilege. 

Contract  with  the  Midwest  Advertising  Agency  for  publishing  the 
oflScial  catalog. 

Propositions  from  Iowa  bands  and  orchestras  were  considered. 
The  committee  decided  to  award  contract  for  band  to  the  Fifty- 
fourth  Infantry  Band  of  Ottumwa  at  $875.00,  twenty-five  mu- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI       271 

sicians,  for  six  days;  and  contracts  for  two  orchestras,  one  to 
Graham's  Orchestra,  sixteen  musicians,  for  five  and  one-half  days, 
at  $409.00,  and  one  to  the  Jeffers'  Concert  Orchestra,  sixteen  mu- 
sicians, six  days,  at  $436.00.  The  secretary  was  authorized  to 
execute  contracts  with  the  above  organizations. 

The  secretary  was  directed  to  order  100  lawn  seats  from  the 
Central  Iron  Works  at  the  same  price  as  paid  last  year. 

Potts  Bros,  were  authorized  to  place  five  inch  concrete  ap- 
proach in  the  main  entrance  to  the  Machinery  Hall  at  twelve 
cents  per  foot. 

The  various  days  of  the  1912  fair  were  designated  as  follows: 

Thursday  and  Friday,  Aug.  22  and  23 Preparation  Days 

Saturday,   Aug.   24 Children's  Day 

Sunday,  Aug.  25 Music  Day 

Monday,  Aug.  26 Des  Moines  Day 

Tuesday,   Aug.   27 Soldiers'  Day 

Wednesday,  Aug.  28 State  Day 

Thursday,  Aug.   29 Pioneer  Day 

Friday,   Aug.    30 Parade  Day 

The  executive  committee  and  Mr.  Curtiss,  superintendent  of 
the  horse  department,  considered  the  proposition  from  Mr.  0.  J. 
Mooers  of  Columbia,  Mo.,  for  his  saddle  horse  ''Poetry  of  Mo- 
tion" as  an  attraction  for  the  night  horse  show,  and  the  proposi- 
tion of  Geo.  A.  Heyl  of  Washington,  111.,  for  a  six-horse  Shetland 
pony  team.  It  was  agreed  to  offer  $100.00  each  for  these  at- 
tractions. 

The  secretary  and  the  superintendent  of  grounds  were  author- 
ized to  inspect  the  bleachers  on  the  Minnesota  State  Fair  grounds 
and  proceed  with  the  construction  of  192  feet  of  bleacher  seats  at 
each  end  of  the  grand  stand  according  to  sketches  made  by  0.  0. 
Smith  and  ideas  gathered  from  an  inspection  of  the  Minnesota 
bleachers.  '       :     ' 

The  secretary  was  instructed  to  get  bids  on  160  feet  of  street 
car  station  from  the  Des  Moines  Bridge  &  Iron  Works  and  such 
other  firms  as  desired  to  bid  on  same,  the  plan  drawn  by  the 
above  firm  to  be  adopted. 


272  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
JULY  8,  9,  10,  1912. 

Committee  met  with  all  members  present,  also  Board  members 
Legoe,  Eeeves,  Johnston  and  Mullen. 

Mr.  Legoe,  member  of  the  Auditing  Committee,  examined  and 
approved  all  paid  bills  on  file. 

The  executive  committee  considered  the  following  bids  on  160 
feet  of  the  street  car  station ;  same  to  be  built  in  accordance  with 
plans  and  specifications  submitted  by  the  Des  Moines  Bridge  & 
Iron  Works: 
Des  Moines  Bridge  &  Iron  Works,  Des  Moines,  Iowa: 

Building  complete,   including  foundation $     3,539.00 

R.  T.  Hartraan  Co.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa: 

Building  complete,  including  foundation 3,918.00 

The  contra'ct  was  let  to  the  Des  Moines  Bridge  &  Iron  Works 
on  the  above  bid  and  they  were  instructed  to  proceed  with  the 
work  at  once. 

The  secretary  was  instructed  to  order  20,000  gallons  of  No.  4 
road  oil  for  use  on  the  streets  at  the  fair  grounds. 

Sestier  Bros,  of  Des  Moines  met  with  the  committee  and  agreed 
to  enter  into  contract  to  take  care  of  the  manure  from  all  of  the 
barns  for  the  entire  period  of  the  fair  for  $200.00,  the  manure  to 
be  removed  in  boxes  that  would  not  permit  any  litter  over  the 
grounds. 

It  was  agreed  that  inasmuch  as  J.  E.  Lovejoy  at  that  time  had 
all  the  skylight  glass  for  the  machinery  building  on  the  ground, 
and  there  was  still  a  balance  due  on  the  horse  barn,  that  he  be 
released  from  his  bond  on  the  machinery  building. 

Superintendent  of  grounds  was  instructed  to  make  contract 
with  the  King  Construction  Company  of  Des  Moines  to  make 
fill  in  the  new  horse  barn,  street  car  station,  speed  barn,  streets, 
etc.,  at  35  cents  per  yard.  Also  to  build  a  viaduct  across  the  ditch 
at  the  upper  turn  of  the  track  and  put  in  a  draw  gate  at  that 
point.  And  to  purchase  sixty  garbage  cans  for  use  in  the  camp 
grounds. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI       273 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
JULY  21,  1912. 

Committee  met  with  all  members  present.  The  meeting  was  for 
the  purpose  of  considering  improvements  at  the  fair  grounds  and 
making  arrangements  for  the  1912  fair. 

The  plan  for  two  corrugated  iron  doors  for  the  driveway  en- 
trances on  north  side  of  the  new  horse  barn  was  approved  and 
secretary  was  'authorized  to  place  the  oirder  for  same. 

The  changes  on  the  switchboard  as  outlined  by  Mr.  Stevenson 
of  the  Des  Moines  Electric  Company  were  approved  and  they 
were  authorized  to  go  ahead  with  the  work ;  the  estimated  cost  to 
be  between  $500  and  $600. 

The  contract  with  the  Des  Moines  City  Railway  Company  was 
gone  over,  and  with  the  exception  that  it  should  not  include  lot 
12  for  the  use  of  the  street  car  company  and  that  it  should  not 
require  the  management  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  to  furnish  turn- 
stiles for  exits.  With  these  corrections  the  secretary  was  author- 
ized to  sign  same  and  forward  it  to  President  Cameron  for  his 
signature. 

Secretary  was  authorized  to  order  one  thirty  ton  car  of  tan 
bark  for  use  in  the  carriage  section  of  the  horse  barn  and  in  the 
stock  pavilion. 

Also  to  order  six  ventilators  for  the  cross  section  of  the  horse 
barn. 

Invitation  was  extended  to  ex-President  Roosevelt,  President 
Taft  and  Hon.  Woodrow  Wilson,  through  the  respective  national 
committeemen,  that  they  be  present  one  day  during  the  Iowa 
State  Fair. 

The  committee  met  with  Mr.  Geis  Botsford,  secretary  of  the 
Des  Moines  Commercial  Club,  and  together  called  on  the  M.  & 
St.  L.  Ry.  Company,  the  Des  Moines,  Fort  Dodge  &  Southern  and 
the  Colfax  interurban  companies,  relative  to  rates  during  the 
state  fair. 


18 


274  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 

JULY  30-AUGUST  3,  1912. 

Committee  met  with  all  members  present  for  the  purpose  of 
an  anging  daily  program  of  the  fair  and  going  over  improvements 
at  the  grounds. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
AUGUST  10-13,  1912. 

Members  Olson  and  Corey  present,  also  board  members  Phil- 
lips, Mullen,  Johnston,  Summers,  Pike  and  Curtiss.    . 

All  paid  bills  on  file  were  audited  and  approved  by  C.  W.  Phil- 
lips, member  of  the  auditing  committee. 

Stalls  and  pens  were  assigned  by  the  respective  superintendents. 

The  secretary  was  authorized  to  order  seventy  five  patent  fly 
traps  at  75  cents  each  to  be  used  on  the  fair  ground  during  the 
fair. 

The  executive  committee  with  the  superintendent  of  grounds 
went  over  final  improvements  and  changes  to  be  made  at  the 
grounds  before  the  fair  opened. 

Mr.  0.  A.  Olson  and  Mr.  F.  M.  Barnes  of  Chicago  were  directed 
to  make  a  trip  to  Cheyenne  to  witness  ''Cheyenne  Frontier  Days*' 
for  the  purpose  of  getting  ideas  which  would  be  beneficial  in  re- 
producing the  show  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
DURING  FAIR. 

The  $50.00  which  was  allowed  for  premiums  on  seedling  apples 
in  the  Horticultural  Department  was  transferred  to  the  Flori- 
cultural  Department  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  up  table  decora- 
tions on  Thursday  and  Friday. 

Secretary  was  directed  to  issue  warrant  for  $5,500.00  to  J.  E. 
Lovejoy,  being  third  payment  on  second  estimate  on  new  horse 
barn,  <      ,  '^1 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  275 

MEETING  OP  STATE  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
AUGUST  31,  1912. 

Board  met  in  the  Board  Room  of  the  Administration  Building 
at  9  :30  a.  m.  with  President  Cameron  in  the  chair.  The  follow- 
ing members  responded  to  roll  call:  Cameron,  Olson,  Corey, 
Johnston,  Phillips,  Reeves,  Curtin,  Wentworth,  Legoe,  Sheldon, 
Summers,  Pike,  Mullen  and  Gilbertson. 

On  motion  the  reading  of  the  minutes  of  the  last  board  meet- 
ing were  deferred  until  the  December  meeting. 

Pay  rolls  for  the  various  departments  were  presented  by  the 
superintendents  as  follows : 

School   exhibits    department $  204.50 

Secretary's  office   634.25 

Press   bureau    83.50 

Forage  department   600.50 

Railroad  fare,  boys'  camp 411.36 

Dog   show 3'64.50 

Horse   Department    219.50 

Treasurer's    department    1,457.10 

Machinery  department    467.35 

Poultry  department   263.10 

Sheep  department  335.50 

Admissions   department    2,436.50 

Ticket  auditing  department 355.75 

Floricultural  department   69.00 

Horticultural  department  81.58 

Fine  arts  department 477.80 

Administration  building  employes. 414.50 

Ticket  sellers,  concession  department 672.75 

Privilege  department   116.00 

Swine   department    416.87 

Speed  department  719.21 

Police  department 3,569.00 

Agricultural  department  380.75 

Cattle  department  622.05 

Mr.  Curtin  moved  that  the  pay  rolls  of  the  various  departments 
as  read  by  the  seeretary  be  approved  and  that  the  secretary  be 
authorized  to  draw  expense  warrants  for  the  separate  amounts 
and  deposit  same  to  the  credit  of  the  superintendents,  and  that 
the  superintendents  issue  pay  roll  checks  against  same  in  pay- 
ment of  pay  roll.     Motion  seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Johnston  moved  that  Mr.  W.  C.  Brown  be  allowed  $500.00 
for  expense  and  services  as  superintendent  of  privilege  and  con- 
cession department.     Motion  seconded  and  carried. 


276  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Mr.  Wentworth  moved  that  the  salary  of  C.  A.  Nash,  assistant 
seereta,ry,  be  fixed  at  $125.00  per  month,  commencing  with  Sep- 
tember.    Motion  seconded  and  carried. 

The  president  appointed  the  following  committee  on  per  diem 
and  mileage :     Messrs.  Johnston,  Legoe  and  Summers. 

Mr.  Johnston  presented  a  communication  signed  by  one  hun- 
dred and  thirty-two  swine  exhibitors  which  read  as  follows: 

"To  Wliom  It  May  Concern: 

We  the  undersigned  wish  to  leave  or  be  released  from  hog  pavilion  of 
the  Iowa  State  Fair  at  prompt  4:00  o'clock  p.  m.,  Aug.  30th,  instead  of 
being  held  until  later. 

"If  not  released  at  said  time  do  not  expect  us  back  to  your  fair  again." 

Mr.  Olson  moved  that  the  communication  be  placed  on  file. 
Motion  seconded  by  Mullen  and  carried. 

The  secretai'y  presented  a  communication  from  Mary  Naylor, 
secretary  of  the  Women's  and  Children's  Hospital,  relative  to 
refund  of  amount  paid  for  booth  in  stock  pavilion  in  which  they 
conducted  a  lunch  stand.  Mr.  Wentworth  moved  that  the  secre- 
tary notify  Mary  Naylor  that  her  request  could  not  be  granted. 
Motion  seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Curtin  moved  that  A.  R.  Corey  and  G.  S.  Gilbertson  be  al- 
lowed $25.00  each  to  cover  extra  services  and  sundry  expense 
during  the  two  weeks  of  the  fair.    Motion  seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Cameron  presented  in  an  informal  manner  a  proposition 
for  the  board  to  consider  before  the  December  meeting  relative 
to  opening  the  fair  on  Thursday  with  a  full  program  and  re- 
leasing all  exhibits  Friday  morning  of  the  following  week. 

The  committee  on  per  diem  and  mileage  made  the  following 
report.  On  motion  duly  seconded  and  carried  the  report  of  the 
committee  was  adopted  and  the  secretaTy  was  instructed  to  issue 
expense  warrants  for  the  separate  amounts : 

Mr.  President:  Your  committee  on  per  diem  and  mileage  beg  to  report 
as  follows: 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  277 

Name                             Days     Rate      Amount     Miles    Amount  Total 

C.E.Cameron 21         $4.00         $84.00         140         $14.00  $98.00 

O.    A.    Olson 21           4.00           84.00         155           15.50  99.5U 

R.S.Johnston 21           4.00           84.00         158           15.80  99.80 

C.   W.   Phillips 21           4.00           84.00         210           21.10  105.00 

E.   M.   Reeves 21           4.00           84.00         123           12.30  100.30 

E.   J.   Curtiu 21           4.00           84.00         195           19.50'  103.50 

E.  M.   Wentworth 23'          4.00           92.00           60             6.00  98.00 

T.  C.  Legoe 21           4.00           84.00           85             8.50  92.50 

C.    F.    Curtiss 21           4.00           84.00           37             3.70  87.70 

F.  E.    Sheldon 21           4.00           84.00         123           12.30  96.30 

J.    F.    Summers 21           4.00          84.00         117           11.70  95.70 

H.  L.  Pike 21           4.00           84.00         200           20.00  104.00 

J.P.Mullen 21           4.00           84.00         118           11.80  95.80 

Respectfully  submitted, 

R.    S.    JOHNSTON, 
T.   C.  LEGOE, 
J.   F.   SUMMERS, 

Committee. 

On  motion  the  board  adjourned  to  meet  at  the  call  of  the 
president. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
SEPTEMBER  13-14,  1912. 

Committee  met  with  all  members  present. 

The  purpose  of  this  meeting  was  to  make  settlement  on  con- 
tracts and  to  approve  bills  on  file  that  should  be  paid  at  an  early 
date,  and  to  transact  such  other  business  as  was  brought  to  the 
attention  of  the  commitee. 

Mr,  K.  H.  Guthrie  and  Mr.  Bond,  representing  the  Iowa  Poultry 
and  Pet  Stock  Association,  appeared  before  the  committee  with  a 
request  that  their  association  be  granted  the  use  of  the  poultry 
coops  for  their  annual  show,  December  26th  to  January  2nd.  An 
agreement  was  reached  whereby  they  were  to  replace  all  dam- 
aged or  lost  coops  and  feeding  cups,  clean  coops  at  the  close  of 
their  show,  receive  and  deliver  coops  at  Coliseum  door,  and  pay 
a  rental  of  $150.00  for  the  use  of  same.  The  secretary  was  di- 
rected to  draw  up  a  contract  to  this  effect. 

The  secretary  was  instructed  to  have  the  $15,000  fire  and  tor- 
nado insurance,  now  in  force  on  the  first  three  sections  of  the 


278  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

permanent  horse  barn,  re-written  to  cover  "Permanent  brick 
horse  barn,"  including  cross  section  built  during  1912,  and  to  have 
written  $5,000  additional  fire  and  tornado  insurance  on  said  barn. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
OCTOBER  17-18. 

Committee  met  with  all  members  present. 

A  report  of  the  case  of  Mrs.  Eva  Brown,  et  al,  against  the 
State  of  Iowa,  on  appeal  from  the  award  of  the  jury  which  con- 
demned the  Brown  property  on  the  15th  day  of  May  was  brought 
to  the  attention  of  the  committee. 

The  trial  jury  allowed  Mrs.  Eva  Brown,  et  al,  $2,000.04  with 
interest  at  6  per  cent  from  May  15th,  and  other  expenses  of  trial 
amounted  to  $127.05. 

It  was  the  opinion  of  the  committee  that  inasmuch  as  the  state 
was  not  allowed  to  introduce  as  evidence  the  amount  the  houses 
were  sold  for  at  public  auction  and  were  not  permitted  to  show 
amount  paid  for  adjoining  property  that  an  appeal  should  be 
asked  for. 

To  this  end  the  committee  appeared  before  the  Executive  Coun- 
cil and  asked  that  the  case  be  appealed. 

The  claim  of  A.  Palmer,  Marshalltown,  Iowa,  for  express 
charges  on  school  exhibits  from  Marshalltown  to  Des  Moines  and 
return,  amounting  to  $38.84,  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  the 
committee.  In  so  far  as  the  published  conditions  state  that  freight 
charges  will  be  paid  on  school  exhibits  the  committee  allowed  a 
claim  of  $6.20,  an  amount  equal  to  freight  cha*rges. 

The  secretary  and  superintendent  of  grounds  were  instructed 
to  check  up  the  settlement  with  J.  E.  Love  joy,  on  contract  for  the 
horse  barns  and  to  go  over  the  work  carefully  with  the  architect 
and  see  that  all  the  work  was  complete. 


AUDITING  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 

OCTOBER  17-18. 

The  committee  met  with  members  Johnston  and  Legoe  present. 
The  committee  audited  and  approved  all  bills  on  file  that  had 
been  paid  since  last  meeting;  also  all  unpaid  bills  on  file. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  V I  279 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
NOVEMBER  13,  1912. 

Members  present:    Cameron  and  Corey. 

The  committee  met  with  John  Newburn,  attorney  for  Eva 
Brown,  et  al,  for  the  purpose  of  considering  a  proposition  to  settle 
the  case  in  which  the  State  had  filed  notice  of  appeal. 

In  accordance  with  judgment  of  the  court  rendered  on  or  about 
the  4th  day  of  October,  1912,  the  plaintiffs  were  allowed  as 
follows : 

For  property  $     2,000.04 

Interest  from  May  15th,  6  % 60.00 

Costs  and  attorney  fee 141.65 


Total    $     2,201.69 

Mr.  Newburn  proposed  that  the  State  pay  Mrs.  Brown,  et  al, 
$1,800.00  (and  settle  all  cost. 

The  committee  refused  to  make  this  settlement,  but  agreed  to 
pay  Mrs.  Brown,  et  al,  $1,800.00  and  pay  one-half  the  costs.  This 
was  accepted  and  the  following  stipulation  of  settlement  was 
filed  with  the  Clerk  of  Court  and  Sheriff  of  Polk  County. 

IN  THE  DISTRICT  COURT  OF  THE   STATE  OF  IOWA,  IN  AND  FOR 

POLK  COUNTY. 


Eva  Brown,  Curtis  H.  Brown,  Albert  Brown,  W.  H. 
Brown  and  Mary  A.  Johnson, 
Plaintiffs. 
vs. 
State  of  Iowa, 

Defendant. 


Law  No.  21531 
Stipulation  of 
Settlement. 


It  is  hereby  stipulated  and  agreed  by  and  between  the  plaintiffs  and 
the  defendant  herein  that  the  plaintiffs  accept  the  sum  of  eighteen  hun- 
dred dollars  ($1,800.00)  in  full  settlement  of  their  claim  and  judgment 
of  the  court,  rendered  on  or  about  the  4th  day  of  October,  1912,  in  the 
above  entitled  cause.  The  plaintiff's  further  agree  to  pay  one-half  (Yq) 
of  the  costs,  and  the  appeal  herein  taken  by  the  defendant  is  hereby- 
dismissed.  ' "  ' '  ^  '^^W\ 
It  is  further  agreed  by  the  defendant  that  the  sheriff  shall  pay  said 
amount  of  said  eighteen  hundred  dollars  ($1,800.00)  to  plaintiffs  less  the 
one-half  (i/^)  of  costs  which  he  shall  pay  into  court. 

JOHN  NEWBURN, 

Attorney  for  Plaintiffs. 
C.  A.  ROBBINS, 

Attorney  for  State, 


280  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

The  $2,000.04  on  deposit  with  the  Sheriff  was  paid  as  follows : 

Eva  Brown,  et  al $     1,729.18 

Costs  paid  into  court 141.65 

Refunded  to  state 129.21 

$     2,000.04 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MEETING. 
NOVEMBER  23,  1912. 

Committee  met  with  all  members  present. 

The  committee  read  each  of  the  thirty-two  essays  on  file  on 
' '  What  I  Saw  and  Learned  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair, ' '  marking  them 
on  the  following  basis:  General  description  50%,  Composition 
25%,  What  I  learned  25%. 

Forest  H.  Ford  of  Tipton,  Iowa,  received  the  highest  markings 
on  this  basis  and  was  awarded  the  trip  to  the  State  Agricultural 
Convention. 

The  program  for  the  state  farmers'  institute  and  state  agricul- 
tural convention,  as  jDresented  by  the  secretary,  was  approved  by 
the  committee. 

The  matter  of  moving  the  present  ice  house  on  the  grounds  was 
brought  to  the  attention  of  the  committee ;  also  the  proposition 
of  the  Des  Moines  Ice  Company  to  build  a  new  house  with  the 
assurance  that  said  company  have  the  ice  privilege  for  a  period 
of  five  years  on  the  basis  of  the  1912  contract.  The  committee 
agreed  to  this  proposition  and  instructed  the  secretary  to  draw 
up  contract  with  said  company,  reserving  the  right  to  take  over 
building  at  any  time  when  said  company  was  not,  in  their  opinion, 
carrying  out  contract  for  ice  privilege. 

The  following  settlement  was  made  with  Mr.  J.  E.  Love  joy  on 
contract  for  extras  for  horse  barn.  The  secretary  was  instructed 
to  issue  warrant  for  $2,000.00  on  account,  the  balance  to  be  ar- 
ranged for  at  the  annual  meeting. 

J.  E.  Lovejoy,  Contractor, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
Iowa  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  Dr. 

To  general  contract  for  horse  barn $  21,050.00 

Additional  contract,  roofing  348  squares  at  $6.25 2,349.00 

Two  pair  10x12  doors  and  frames,  south  elevation 78.00 

Changing  two  pairs  windows  in  front  elevation 87.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  281 

One  pair  doors  on  west,  12x16,  hangers  and  painting 50.25 

18  squares  3  ply  Rex  Flintkote  roofing  at  $3.25 58.50 

541/^  hours'  time  laying  same  at  65c 35.43 

Making  and  setting  ventilator  curbs 6.50 

43  cubic  yards  extra  concrete  under  north  and  south  main  walls 

at   $6.00    258.00 

Extra  time  digging  for  additional  foundation 17.20 

Total  amount  contract  and  extras $  23',989.88 

CREDITS. 

Warrant  June    27    $  5,600.00 

Warrant  August  2    3,000.00 

Warrant  August  10 2,500.0'0 

Warrant  August  22 5,500.00 

Warrant  September  21    3,000.00 

840  square  feet  cement  floor  omitted  in  future  toilet 

rooms  at  .07c 58.80 

18  sash  furnished  on  south  side  of  barn  from  old 

section 19.00 

Additional  credit  allowed 12.0'8 

Total  credit  allowed  19,689.88 

Balance  due  on  contract  and  extras $     4,300.00 


MEETING  OF  THE  IOWA  STATE  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
THURSDAY,  DECEMBER  12,  1912. 

Board  convened  at  9  :30  a.  m.  with  President  Cameron  in  the 
chair  and  the  following  members  present :  Cameron,  Olson,  Corey, 
Johnston,  Phillips,  Reeves,  Curtin,  Wentworth,  Legoe,  Cnrtiss, 
Sheldon,  Summers,  Mullen,  Pike  and  Pearson. 

Minutes  of  the  board  meetings  on  JMarch  12th  and  August  31st 
and  executive  committee  meetings  were  read.  On  motion  of  Mr. 
Wentworth,  the  records  as  read  and  the  acts-  of  the  executive 
committee  were  approved. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Legoe  the  board  adjourned. 

The  following  newly  elected  members  of  the  board  were  sworn 
in  by  H.  L.  Bosquet :  Cameron,  Olson,  Phillips,  Curtin,  Legoe, 
Sheldon  and  Mullen. 

Secretary  called  the  roll  and  the  following  members  responded : 
Cameron,  Olson,  Corey,  Johnston,  Phillips,  Reeves,  Curtin,  Went- 
worth, Legoe,  Curtiss,  Sheldon,  Summers,  Mullen,  Pike  and  Pear- 
son. 


282  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Next  order  of  business  being  the  election  of  secretary,  Mr. 
Legoe  moved  that  Mr.  A.  R.  Corey  be  elected  to  succeed  himself; 
motion  seconded  by  Mr.  Johnston.  On  roll  call  the  vote  resulted 
as  follows :  Aye — Cameron,  Olson,  Johnston,  Phillips,  Reeves, 
Curtin,  Wentworth,  Legoe,  Curtiss,  Sheldon,  Summers,  Mullen 
and  Pike.  Nays — None.  Mr.  Corey  was  declared  duly  elected 
member  of  the  board  for  the  ensuing  j^ear. 

Mr.  Wentworth  moved  that  the  bond  of  the  secretary  for 
$10,000  in  the  American  Surety  Company  be  approved  and  war- 
rant ordered  drawn  for  $25.00  in  payment  therefor ;  seconded  by 
Mr.  Legoe.     Motion  carried. 

Mr.  Phillips  moved  that  Mr.  G.  S.  Gilbertson  be  elected  treas- 
urer for  the  ensuing  year  to  succeed  himself,  and  that  his  salary 
be  fixed  at  $100.00  per  annum;  seconded  by  Mr.  Pike.  On  roll 
call  the  vote  resulted  as  follows:  Aye — Cameron,  Olson,  Corey, 
Johnston,  Phillips,  Reeves,  Curtin,  Wentworth,  Legoe,  Curtiss, 
Sheldon,  Summers,  Mullen  and  Pike.     Nays — None. 

Mr.  Wentworth  moved  that  Mr.  J.  H.  Deemer  be  elected  super- 
intendent of  fair  grounds  for  the  ensuing  year  at  a  salary  of 
$1200.00  per  year,  under  terms  and  conditions  of  contract  for 
last  year.  Seconded  by  Mr.  Legoe.  On  roll  call  the  members 
voted  as  follows :  Ayes — Cameron,  Olson,  Corey,  Johnston,  Phil- 
lips, Reeves,  Curtin,  Wentworth,  Curtiss,  Sheldon,  Summers,  Mul- 
len and  Pike.    Nays — None. 

Dates  for  the  1913  fair  were  discussed.  Mr.  Johnston  moved 
that  Wednesday  and  Thursday,  August  20  and  21,  be  known  as 
preparation  days  and  that  the  fair  proper  open  on  Friday  morn- 
ing, August  22,  and  continue  until  Friday  morning,  August  29; 
admission  fee  to  be  25  cents  on  Wednesday,  the  20th,  Thursday, 
the  21st,  and  Sunday,  the  24th,  and  50  cents  for  the  remainder 
of  the  fair;  the  fair  to  commence  with  a  full  program  on  Friday, 
the  22nd.  Mr.  Curtiss  offered  the  following  amendment  to  the 
above  motion:  No  exhibit  or  concession  shall  be  removed,  packed 
or  changed  in  any  manner,  or  any  decorations  removed,  before 
six  o'clock  a.  m.,  Friday,  August  29th.  The  amendment  was  ac- 
cepted and  the  motion  seconded  by  Mr.  Wentworth.  On  roll  call 
the  vote  resulted  as  follows :  Aye — Cameron,  Olson,  Corey,  John- 
ston, Phillips,  Reeves,  Curtin,  Wentworth,  Curtiss,  Legoe,  Shel- 
don, Summers,  Mullen  and  Pike.    Nays — None. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  283 

Mr.  Legoe  moved  that  the  details  of  classification,  rules,  etc., 
for  the  fine  arts  department  be  left  to  the  superintendent  of  the 
department  and  the  executive  committee.    Motion  carried. 

Mr.  Phillips  moved  that  the  management  of  the  1913  fair  be 
delegated  to  the  executive  committee  and  the  elective  members 
of  the  board;  seconded  by  Mr.  Reeves.     Motion  carried. 

Secretary  Corey  made  the  following  report  to  the  board : 

To  the  ]\llembers  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture: 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  financial  condition  of  the  treasury 
on  December  1,  1912: 

Balance  on  hand,  December  1,  1911 $  18,036.99 

Receipts  other  than  fair 22,579.82 

Receipts   of  fair    185,701.21 

$226,318.02 

Disbursements  other  than  fair  improvements $     4,101.43 

Expense  of  fair 143,968.89 

Permanent  improvements 71,056.56 

Maintenance  of  grounds  and  buildings 6,575.51 

225,702.39 

Balance  on  hand  December  1,  1912 $        615.63 

Unpaid  bills  on  file: 

■T.  E.  Lovejoy,  balance  on  contract $  2,300.00 

J.  H.  Queal  &  Co.,  balance  on  lumber  bill 539.31 

John  Christie  Co.,  insurance  premiums 150.00 

W.  H.  Brereton,  brick 49.50 

Miscellaneous  bills 46.83' 

Total  unpaid  bills $     3,085.64 

Less  cash  balance 615.63 

Net  debit $     2,470.01 

Estimiated  receipts  to  May  1st: 

From  Stallion  Registration  Division $     8,500.00 

State  appropriation  for  insurance 1,000.00 

Other  receipts    500.00 

Total  estimated  receipts  to  May  1st $  10,000.00 

Net  debit  December  1,  1912 $     2,470.01 

To  estimate  amount  of  warrants  necessary  to  issue 

to   May   1,    1913 7,500.00 

$     9,970.01 

From  the  foregoing  statement  it  would  seem  necessary  for  the 
board  to  authorize  the  executive  committee  to  borrow  about 
$3,000.00  to  pay  the  balance  due  on  contracts  and  bills  on  file  and 
to  carry  us  over  until  receipts  from  the  Stallion  Registration 
Division  start  coming  in.  I  -believe,  with  this  amount,  and  the 
receipts  anticipated  we  can  manage  to  get  along  until  May  1st. 


284  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

This  Avould  not  take  into  consideration  any  improvements  the 
board  may  decide  to  make. 

The  board  should  at  this  time  determine  what  permanent  im- 
provements we  expect  to  ask  the  legislature  to  make  appropria- 
tions for  and  authorize  the  committee  to  have  sketches  and  es- 
timates made  up  for  the  information  of  the  Agricultural  and 
Appropriation  Committees. 

A  sheep  barn  and  show  ring  is  probably  the  most  needed  im- 
provement at  the  present  time  and  could  be  built  at  a  cost  of 
$25,000.00  or  $30,000.00.  A  cross  section  of  the  permanent  cattle 
barn  and  the  completion  of  Machinery  Hall  should  be  considered 
in  the  list  for  state  appropriations  this  year. 

There  is  also  a  movement  started  by  the  women's  clubs  through- 
out the  state  for  a  women's  building  in  keeping  with  the  other 
permanent  improvements  on  the  grounds,  and  we  will  be  obliged 
to  admit  there  is  considerable  merit  in  their  request. 

We  should  also  ask  the  legislature  to  appropriate  a  sufficient 
amount  to  purchase  the  eight  lots  to  square  out  the  southwest 
corner  of  the  grounds  and  the  corner  where  the  drug  store  is 
located. 

On  account  of  the  condition  of  our  treasury  any  improvements 
made  at  the  grounds  this  year  will  necessarily  have  to  come  from 
state  appropriations  or  anticipated  receipts  of  the  1913  fair. 
These,  I  believe,  should  be  taken  up  at  a  board  meeting  after  we 
know  what  the  legislature  is  going  to  do  in  the  way  of  appropria- 
tion. 

Needed  improvements  that  should  have  the  attention  of  the 
board  at  this  time  or  a  later  date,  and  to  be  made  from  anticipated 
receipts  of  the  fair  would  be  the  completion  of  the  street  car 
entrance,  covering  ditch  from  machinery  building  to  south  line 
of  grounds,  installing  closets  in  new  horse  barn,  cement  walk  on 
south  side  of  the  street  from  street  car  station  to  Eock  Island 
Avenue,  and  such  other  minor  improvements  as  the  board  may 
deem  necessary,  and  the  general  repair  and  maintenance  of 
grounds  and  buildings  must  also  be  taken  into  consideration. 

I  also  wish  to  call  the  attention  of  the  board  to  the  following  : 

Insurance  expirations  for  1913  will  amount  to  $2,155.00,  against 
$550.00  during  the  past  year.  However,  they  will  not  come  due 
until  along  in  September.  At  present  we  have  no  insurance  on 
the  amphitheater  and  it  has  been  suggested  that  we  carry  $15,000 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI       285 

or  $20,000  tornado  on  account  of  the  danger  by  windstorm  to  the 
roof. 

I  would  suggest  if  the  dog  show  is  to  be  continued  as  a  feature 
of  the  fair  that  we  appoint  a  superintendent  for  the  bench  show, 
take  out  a  membership  in  the  American  Kennel  Club,  and  con- 
duct the  show  under  our  own  management  another  year.  The  ar- 
rangement we  had  with  the  Des  Moines  Kennel  Club  this  year  did 
not  prove  satisfactory  as  the  expense  incurred  was  too  great  for 
conducting  the  show. 

The  automobile  show  could,  no  doubt,  he  handled  by  the  super- 
intendent of  the  machinery  department  with  equal  satisfaction  to 
exhibitors  and  we  should  not  anticipate  any  trouble  in  disposing 
of  the  space  at  the  same  rate.  Should  the  rate  per  square  foot 
be  reduced  to  25  cents  we  would  still  increase  the  receipts  and 
would  be  making  some  concession  to  all  the  exhibitors. 

The  success  of  the  boys'  camp  this  year  should  warrant  the  ex- 
pense for  continuing  the  plan  another  year. 

The  babies'  health  contest  proved  such  a  success  that  it  should 
have  the  support  of  the  management  again  this  coming  year. 

Copy  is  now  read}^  for  the  report  of  the  Stallion  Registration 
Division  and  if  this  law  is  to  be  properly  enforced  the  report 
should  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  each  stallion  owner  and  graduate 
veterinarian  in  the  state  soon  after  the  first  of  the  year.  The 
executive  council  granted  the  department  the  right  to  publish 
4,000  copies  of  this  report  as  a  supplement  to  the  Year  Book,  and 
we  should  have  in  addition  to  this  3,000  copies  in  order  to  supply 
the  list  referred  to.  These  may  be  ordered  as  an  additional  run, 
without  charge  for  the  composition,  and  paid  for  out  of  the  re- 
ceipts of  the  Stallion  Registration  Division  if  the  board  so  orders. 

The  board  should  at  this  time  make  appropriation  for  premiums 
for  school  exhibits  and  authorize  the  printing  of  the  list,  so  that 
they  may  be  sent  out  early  in  the  school  year  to  insure,  a  good 
exhibit  in  this  department. 

I  believe  it  would  be  advisable  to  issue  500  pamphlets  contain- 
ing the  itemized  statement  of  receipts  and  disbursements  of.  the 
department  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  November  30,  1912,  infor- 
mation concerning  appropriations  for  state  fairs  in  other  states, 
statistics  relative  to  the  state  fair,  county  and  district  fairs,  farm- 
ers' institutes,  etc.,  for  the  information  of  the  legislators. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  the  board  should  set  aside  a  location 
for  a  fish  and  game  building  on  the  grounds  and  ask  the  Fish 


286  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

and  Game  Department  to  erect  a  permanent  building  thereon  for 
housing  their  exhibit. 

It  is  quite  evident  that  some  action  will  be  taken  by  the  legisla- 
ture this  winter  relative  to  permanent  road  building  in  our  state. 
You  will  recall  that  last  session  a  bill  was  introduced  asking  for 
an  appropriation  of  some  $10,000  or  $15,000  for  building  five  miles 
of  experimental  roads  in  the  state  and  it  failed  to  pass  for  the 
reason  that  a  majority  of  the  house  could  not  agree  where  the 
experiment  should  be  carried  out.  No  location  in  the  state  of 
Iowa  would  afford  a  better  opportunity  for  inspection  of  roads 
of  this  sort  than  the  state  fair  grounds.  Should  this  matter  come 
up  again  this  winter  I  believe  it  would  be  well  for  the  board  to 
suggest  this  proposition  to  the  legislature.  The  preliminary  ex- 
pense of  grade  and  drawings  has  been  taken  care  of  in  the  per- 
manent plans  on  file  in  this  office. 

The  Rock  Island  railroad  has  within  the  past  year  purchased 
about  eighty  acres  of  ground  between  the  Wabash  tracks  and 
their  present  tracks,  extending  from  20th  to  34th  street.  This  is 
to  be  used  for  transfer  yards  and  storage  tracks  and  will  provide 
ample  storage  for  cars  switched  to  the  grounds  during  the  fair. 

I  understand  the  Rock  Island  officials  have  already  promised 
the  Commercial  Club  that  they  would  provide  additional  plat- 
forms at  the  grounds  and  accept  L.  C.  L.  shipments  from  the 
grounds  next  year.  However,  it  will  be  necessary  for  our  com- 
mittee to  take  up  the  matter  relative  to  additional  sidings  and 
loading  platforms  for  stock  before  another  fair.  The  data  col- 
lected from  exhibitors  at  the  close  of  the  fair  relative  to  the 
manner  in  which  live  stock  shipments  Avere  handled  should  be 
sufficient  to  base  our  request  for  track  and  platform  extensions. 
Another  matter  that  should  be  looked  into  is  the  demurrage 
charged  by  the  Rock  Island  on  palace  cars  rented  and  used  by  our 
live  stock  exhibitors. 

COMPARATIVE  STATEMENT  OF  RECEIPTS  OF  1911  AND  1912  FAIRS. 

1912  1911          Increase       Decrease 

Horse    department    $1,745.00  $1,729.00            $16.00 

Cattle    department   98S.0O  1,146.00                                $158.00 

Sheep  department  138.00  170.00                                  32.00 

Poultry  department 731.45  658.05              73.40 

S-wine  department   1,076.00  1,206.00                                 130.00 

Machinery  department   6,191.87  3,641.50         2,549.87 

Agricultural  department   1,695.00  1,172.50            522.50 

Dairy   department   1,731.85  1,036.36            695.49 

Fine  Arts  department  2,890.00  2,890.00 

Police    department    69.90  34.75              35.15 

Concession    department    23,632.85  24,182.47                                 519.62 

Speed   department   6,166.00  5,351.80            814.20 

Exhibitor's  tickets  2,612.00  2,604.00                8.00 

Forage  department  5,595.10  6,502.97                                 907.87 

Association    specials    4,894.46  5,092.27                                   197.81 

Miscellaneous    receipts    799.30  626.50           172.80 

Ticket  sales  123,143.75  121,505.50         1,638.25 

Dog  show 1,601.18  1,601.18 

$185,701.21   $179,549.67   $8,126.84   $1,975.30 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI 


287 


STATEMENT   OF  EXPENSE   OF  THE   1912   FAIR  AS   COMPARED 

WITH  1911. 


1912 

Executive    committee    meetings $938.00 

Special  committee  meetings 1,211.54 

Express,  teJegraph   and  telephone 479.28 

Postage    1,032.16 

Printing    — 3,013.17 

Advertising  10,701.05 

Music  and  attractions 26,739.45 

Light    and   power 1,052.64 

Water  during  August  294.97 

Supplies,   stationery,   etc.    356.08 

Forage    4,983.00 

Salaries   and   clerical   hire 2,290.25 

Board  meetings  280.00 

Assistants  and  foremen   (grounds) 740.20 

Scavenger  work,  closets,  etc.  679.25 

Track  work  320.75 

Cleaning  streets,   oiling,  etc.   743.18 

Miscellaneous  labor  during  fair 625.16 

Cleaning  buildings  before  and  after  fair 592.04 

Gleaning  grounds  before  and   after  fair 777.53 

Pay  roll  and  expense,  Pres.  department 512.50 

Pay  roll  and  expense,  See'y  department 650.25 

Pay  roll  and  expense,  Treas.  department-.  1,629.10 

Pay  roll  and  expense.  Concession  dept. 1,635.45 

Pay  roll   and  expense.   Speed  department..  1,144.32 

Pay  roll  and  expense.  Horse  department..  1,458.10 

Pay  roll  and  expense.  Cattle  department-.  930.05 

Pay  roll  and  expense.  Swine  department...  575.47 

Pay  roll  and  expense,  Sheep  department.. _  418.00 

Pay  roll  and  expense,    Poultry  department  394.10 

Pay  roll  and  expense,  Machinery  dept.   ...  620.56 

Pay  roll  and  expense,  Agricultural  dept...  583.05 

Pay  roll  and  expense,  Dairy  department...  793.97 

Pay  roll  and  expense.  Horticultural  dept._.  304.14 

Pay  roll  and  expense,  FJoricultural  dept 69.00 

Pay  roll  and  expense,  Fine  Arts  dept 581.15 

Pay  roll  and  expense.  School  Exhibits 219.40 

Pay  roll  and  expense.  Admissions  dept. 2,031.45 

Pay  roJl  and  expense.  Police  department...  3,964.30 

Pay  roll  and  expense.  Ticket  department...  ^83.25 

One-half  expense  Iowa  State  College  exhibit  702.73 

Expense  boys'  judging  contest 47.00 

Pay  roll  and  exp..  Women's  Rest  Cottage..  57.75 

Pay  roll  and  expense,  dog  show 1,196.25 

Expense  boys'   camp  1,237.83 

Expense  Babies'   Health   Contest 45.33 

Plants    and    flowers 535.84 

Freight    and    drayage 70.85 

Premium  ribbons  and  badges 834.68 

Hauling  manure  233.00 

Miscellaneous  ground  supplies  296.65 

Tan  bark  and  saw  dust 149.50 

Refund    on    admissions 9.50 

Expense  Iowa  Pioneers'  Day 131.75 

Dues  American  Trotting  Association.-. . lOO.OO 

Ground  rental  for  aviation  field  and  plow- 
ing   demonstrations    ■  175.50 

Building    decorations    800.00 

Grain  decorations  and  model  farm  exhibit.. 

Placing  and  removing  chairs,   amphitheater  120.00 

Rental  chairs,   tents,  cots,  etc.   569.76 

Refund  special  premiums  not  awarded 265.00 

Care  water  system  during  fair 170.00 

State  Day  banquet  126.25 

Coal  and  fireman,  Adm.  Bldg.   and  dining 

hall    109.07 

Miscellaneous  signs  55.75 

Miscellaneous  expense  of  fair 311.45 

$  85,829.74 

Net  increase $  4,226.58 


1911 

Increase 

Decrease 

$991.00 

$53.00 

1,266.01 

54.50 

327.95 

$151.33 

864.50 

167.66 

2,814.13 

199.04 

10,452.06 

288.99 

24,345.78 

2,393.67 

782.64 

270.00 

436.06 

141.09 

259.48 

96.60 

5,963.29 

930.29 

2,740.75 

450.50 

645.50 

365.50 

485.54 

2.54.56 

848.13 

168.88 

324.09 

3.34 

99.05 

044.13 

904.25 

279.09 

1,199.87 

607.83 

914.32 

1.36.79 

453.50 

59.00 

675.55 

16.30 

2,006.75 

377.05 

1,530.15 

105. SO 

938.20 

206.12 

1,245.20 

212.90 

1,272.15 

342.10 

610.40 

34.93 

394.00 

24.00 

327.62 

06.48 

583.35 

37.20 

597.90 

14.85 

312.50 

481.47 

245.59 

58.55 

88.00 

19.00 

590.90 

9.75 

254.88 

35.48 

2,683.85 

70.40 

3,516.01 

448.29 

537.25 

54.00 

699.04 

3.69 

61.46 

14.46 

58.15 

1,196.25 

1,237.83 

45.33 

.40 

561.85 

26.01 

31.88 

38.97 

708.43 

126.25 

615.65 

3S2.65 

218.16 

78.49 

223.51 

74.01 

50.50 

41.00 

167.05 

35.30 

lOO.OO 

70.00 

105.50 

f 414. 52 

^602. 30 

120.00 

216.82 

651.75 

81.99 

190.00 

75.00 

146.73 

23.27 

119.55 

6.70 

104.59 

4.48 

35.45 

20.30 

244.41 

67.04 

$  81,603.16 

$9,314.49 

$5,087.91 

288  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

COMPARISON  OF  PREMIUMS,  1911  AND  1912. 

1912  1911          Increase       Decrease 

Horses                              $  14,940.00  $  U,184.00           $756.00 

Cattle                       -           —        11,738.00  12,061.00                                 $323. CO 

Swine                4,042.00  8,640.00            402.00 

Sheep    _                          2,306.00  2,388.00                                      82.00 

Poultry       1,112.50  1,042.00               70.50 

Agriculture   4,059.00  3,524.00             535.00 

Pantry  and  apiary  1,092.50  856.50            2.36.00 

Fruit    1,139.25  1,115.75               23.50 

Dairy   627.00  627.00 

Plants  and  flowers  1,382.40  1,278.60            103.80 

Pine    arts    1,662.50  1,744.50                                    82.00 

SchooJs    430.00  493.00                                      63.00 

Scholarships    650.00  850.00                                   200.00 

Speed   department   12,360.00  12,310.00              50.00 

Auto  parade 150.00                                  150.00 

Dog  show  318.00  318.00 

Babies'  health  contest  — 280.00  280.00 

$  5S,139.15  $  56,264.35        $  2,774.80        $    900.00 

RECAPITULATION  TICKET  SALES,  1912  FAIR  COMPARED  WITll  1911. 

1912  1911 

Number    Value  Total  Value    Number    Total  Value 

General  admission  136,742       $.50  $68,371.00       151,178       $75,589.00 

Gen.  admission  after  5  p.  m 12,066         .25  3,016.50          9,161           2,290.25 

Children 11,672         .25  2,918.00^ 

Half  fare 15,313          .25  3,828. 25J        25,303           6,325.75 

Campers  1,569       2.00  3,138.00           1,565           3,130.00 

Total  outside  gates 183,638  $81,271.75       193,467       $87,335.00 

DAY  AMPHITHEATER. 

Bleachers  and  paddock 19,908       $.25  $4,977.00 

Quarter  stretch 1,679         .25  419.75          3,109            $777.25 

Reserved  seats,  upper  half 17,101         .50  8,550.50 

Reserved   seats,    lower  half 5,900         .75  4,432.00 

Reserved  box  seats 1,280       1.00  1,2S0.C0 

Day  amphitheater  (at  2oc) „  34,106          8,526,50 

Day  amphitheater,  reserved  seats  (at  50c)  12,010          6,006.25 

Day  amphitheater,  box  seats '                       2,090          1,567.50 

Total  Day  Amphitheater $19,659.25                         $16,876.50 

NIGHT  AMPHITHEATER. 

Bleachers  and  paddock 29,939       $.25  $7,484.75 

Reserved  seats,  upper  haJf 13,785         .50  6,892.50 

Reserved   seats,    lower  half 5,131         .75  3,848.75 

Reserved  box  seats 833       l.OO  833.00 

Night  amphitheater  (at  25c) 31,234         $7,808.50 

Night  amphitheater,  res.  seats  (at  50c)__  9,321           4,660.75 

Night  amphitheater,  box  seats  (at  75c)_.  1,418           1,063.50 

Total  Night  Amphitheater $19,059.00                         $13,532.75 

STOCK  PAVILION. 

Reserved  seats   6,020       $.50  $3,010.00           6,60S         $3,301.50 

Standing  room 575          .25  143.75           1,839              459.75 

Total  Stock  Pavilion $3,153.75                           $3,761.25 

Total  Ticket  Sales $123,143.75                        $121,505.50 

$128,143.75 . 1912 

121,505.50 1911 

$    1,638.25  Increase. 

Mr.  Johnston  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  author- 
ized to  submit  a  list  of  superintendents  for  departments  for  the 
coming  year.     Seconded  by  Mr.  Curtiss.     Motion  carried. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  289 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  instructed 
to  secure  options  or  estimates  necessary  to  secure  additional  lots 
adjoining  the  fair  grounds,  and  include  this  in  making  recom- 
mendations to  the  legislature.  Seconded  by  Mr.  Mullen.  Motion 
carried. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  authorized 
to  get  an  estimate  on  the  expense  of  covering  the  ditch  from  the 
south  side  of  the  race  track  to  the  south  end  of  the  street  car 
entrance,  also  from  the  south  side  of  the  track  to  the  south  line 
of  the  grounds,  to  be  submitted  to  the  board  at  their  next  meet- 
ing.    Seconded  by  Mr.  Wentworth.     Motion  carried. 

The  secretary  was  instructed  to  get  an  estimate  on  the  cost  of 
constructing  the  proposed  subway  under  the  race  track. 

Mr.  Summers  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  instructed 
to  have  the  architect  draw  suitable  plans  and  make  estimates  for 
a  ncAV  sheep  barn,  with  approximately  400  pens  capacity,  style  of 
architecture  to  be  similar  to  the  swine  pavilion ;  recommendations 
for  such  barn  to  be  included  in  recommendations  to  the  legisla- 
ture.   Seconded  by  Mr.  Johnston.    Motion  carried. 

Mr.  Mullen  moved  that  the  executive  committee  include  in  its 
recommendations  to  the  legislature  a  request  for  sufficient  appro- 
priation to  complete  the  machinery  building.  Seconded  by  Mr. 
Wentworth.    Motion  carried. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Summers  the  board  adjourned  until  1 :30 
p.  m. 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

Board  convened  at  1 :30  w^ith  members  present  as  at  morning 
session. 

Secretary  read  the  report  of  the  executive  committee  on  ap- 
pointment of  superintendents  of  departments  for  1913,  as  follows : 

Grentlemen :  The  executive  committee  recommend  the  following  super- 
intendents of  departments  for  the  1913  fair: 

SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  DEPARTMENTS. 

Transportation  and  Public  Safety E.  M.  Wentworth,  State  Center 

Tickets  C.  W.  Phillips,  Maquoketa 

Admissions  O.  A.  Olson,  Forest  City- 
Concessions  and  Privileges W.  C.  Brown,  Clarion 

19 


290  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Grounds  J.  H.  Deemer,  Des  Moines 

Live  Stock  Sanitation J.  I.  Gibson,  Des  Moines 

Horses,  Ponies  and  Mules. C.  P.  Curtiss,  Ames 

Speed  E.  J.  Curtin,  Decorah 

Cattle  H.  L.  Pike,  Whiting 

Swine   R.  S.  Johnston,  Columbus  Junction 

Sheep  J.  P.  Summers,  Malvern 

Poultry J.  P.  Summers,  Malvern 

Implements  and  Machinery J.  P.  Mullen,  Fonda 

Agriculture P.  E.  Sheldon,  Mt.  Ayr 

Pantry  Stores  and  Apiary P.  E.  Sheldon,  Mt.  Ayr 

Dairy  W.  B.  Barney,  Des  Moines 

Horticulture   E.  M.  Reeves,  Waverly 

Floriculture  Wesley  Greene,  Des  Moines 

Fine  Arts,  etc T.  C.  Legoe,  What  Cheer 

School  exhibits  E.  C.  Bishop,  Ames 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Curtiss  the  above  report  was  unanimously 
adopted. 

Mr.  Phillips  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  authorized 
to  borrow  any  amount  of  money  not  to  exceed  $10,000.00,  to  be 
used  for  necessary  purposes  for  the  department  until  the  receipts 
of  the  department  provided  sufficient  funds,  to  take  care  of  bills 
that  demand  immediate  payment.    Motion  seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  a  committee  composed  of  Messrs.  Cam- 
eron, Curtin  and  Denio  be  authorized  to  investigate  paddocks  on 
other  fair  grounds  and  submit  plans  and  estimate  for  a  paddock 
at  the  next  meeting  of  the  board.  Seconded  by  Mr.  Johnston. 
Motion  unanimously  carried. 

Mr.  Wentworth  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  re- 
quested to  take  up  the  matter  of  the  purchase  or  erection  of  a 
suitable  building  for  men-racks  for  men  employed  in  the  admis- 
sions and  public  safety  departments,  and  also  for  closets  in  the 
camp  grounds  as  recommended  in  the  department  report.  Motion 
seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Pike  moved  that  the  executive  committee  have  plans  pre- 
pared for  a  cross  section  of  the  cattle  barn  preparatory  to  asking 
for  an  appropriation  from  the  legislature.  Seconded  by  Mr. 
Curtiss.     Motion  prevailed. 

The  secretary  read  a  communication  from  the  Iowa  Short  Horn 
Breeders'  Association  relative  to  the  purchase  of  the  building  on 
the  grounds  formerly  owned  by  the  Short  Horn  Association  and^ 
now  used  by  the  fair  management  for  a  postoffice.  Mr.  Curtiss 
moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  authorized  to  purchase 
the  building  if  satisfactory  to  the  Short  Horn  Association,  allow- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  291 

ing  them  $100.00  for  the  building  on  the  condition  that  the 
$100.00  be  expended  for  cups  to  be  offered  at  the  fair  of  1913 
and  succeeding  years  for  Iowa  Short  Horn  breeders,  and  that 
the  secretary  be  instructed  to  explain  to  the  association  in  re- 
gard to  the  building — that  same  had  been  removed  and  repaired 
at  the  expense  of  the  fair  and  that  Mr.  Pike,  as  superintendent 
of  the  cattle  department,  be  included  on  the  committee  making 
such  arrangement.    Motion  seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  board  contribute  one-half  of  the  ex- 
pense of  the  Iowa  State  College  Exhibit,  not  to  exceed  $800.00, 
the  same  as  heretofore.    Motion  seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  boys'  camp  be  continued  the  com- 
ing year  similar  to  the  plan  followed  in  1912.  Motion  seconded 
and  carried. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  board  authorize  the  printing  of 
3,000  additional  copies  of  the  bulletin  published  for  the  Stallion 
Registration  Division,  and  that  same  be  paid  for  from  the  fees 
of  that  division.     Motion  seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Corey  recommended  that  1,000  pamphlets  containing  a 
statement  of  expenditures  of  appropriations  by  the  legislature, 
and  information  in  regard  to  state  aid  to  county  and  district 
fairs  be  issued  for  distribution  among  the  legislators  and  for  gen- 
eral circulation.     Seconded  by  Mr.  Summers.     Motion  carried. 

A  committee  composed  of  Mrs.  Mary  T.  Watts,  Mrs.  C.  R. 
Brenton,  and  Mrs.  J.  C.  Bennett,  representing  the  Iowa  Congress 
of  Mothers,  appeared  before  the  board  in  regard  to  the  Child's 
Welfare  Exhibit  and  a  permanent  women's  building  on  the 
grounds. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  matter  of  improving  the  facilities 
for  loading  and  unloading  at  the  Rock  Island  platforms  at  the 
grounds  be  taken  up  by  the  executive  committee  and  the  super- 
intendent of  transportation.     Motion  seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Curtiss  moved  that  the  board  indorse  the  movement  for 
a  women's  building  on  the  fair  grounds,  and  that  the  women's 
committee  be  asked  to  have  plans  of  the  building  put  in  form 
and  secure  an  estimate  of  the  cost  of  same  from  an  architect. 
Seconded  by  Mr.  Johnston.    Motion  carried. 

Mr.  Johnston  moved  that  the  executive  committee  be  author- 
ized to  co-operate  in  every  way  possible  toward  furnishing  a 
suitable  place  on  the  fair  grounds  for  the  building  of  permanent 


292  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

roads  for  demonstration.  Seconded  by  Mr.  Curtiss.  Motion 
carried. 

Mr.  Wentwortli  moved  that  the  executive  committee  and  Mr. 
Curtiss  be  requested  to  work  out  plans  along  the  line  suggested 
by  Mr.  Curtiss  in  regard  to  farm  contests  and  for  a  publicity 
man  for  the  department.    Seconded  by  Mr.  Pike.    Motion  carried. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Mullen  the  board  adjourned  until  9  :00  a.  m., 
Friday,  the  13th. 


MEETING  OF  STATE  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
FRIDAY,  DECEMBER  13,  1912. 

Board  convened  at  9 :30  a.  m.  with  the  following  members 
present:  Cameron,  Olson,  Corey,  Johnston,  Phillips,  Reeves, 
Wentworth,  Sheldon,  Summers,  Mullen  and  Pike. 

Minutes  of  the  board  meeting  on  Thursday,  the  12th,  were 
read  and  approved. 

Revision  of  classification  for  premium  list  and  reports  of 
superintendents  was  next  taken  up. 

Mr.  Pike  made  a  verbal  report  of  the  cattle  department;  also 
recommendation  for  changes  in  premium  list. 

Mr.  Johnston  made  report  of  the  swine  department  as  follows : 
To  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture: 

Gentlemen:  The  swine  department  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  for  1912 
was  up  to  the  high  standard  of  past  years.  While  the  capacity  of  the 
building  was  not  required,  yet  a  formidable  display  was  on  hand,  both 
as  to  quality  and  number.  Only  twice  in  the  nine  years  that  I  have  acted 
as  superintendent  of  this  department  have  we  had  more  room  than 
required;  the  past  year  being  one  of  them,  at  which  time  there  was  a 
total  of  1,076  pens  paid  for  out  of  a  total  number  of  1,154  in  the  building. 
The  swine  show  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair  ranks  very  high  and  it  is  under- 
stood generally  that  if  you  win  at  Iowa  you  can  win  anywhere. 

The  wants  of  the  swine  people  are  well  supplied.  As  you  are  fully 
aware,  the  swine  building  in  itself  is  all  that  can  be  desired.  We  have 
the  popular  classification  and  offer  as  much,  or  more,  money  as  any  other 
fair.  The  comfort  and  sanitary  conditions  of  the  building  are  almost 
perfect.  Only  one  improvement  seems  to  be  needed  and  that  is  an  ar- 
rangement of  sun  shades  at  such  portions  of  the  building  as  are  badly 
affected  by  the  rays  of  the  sun  from  three  to  six  o'clock  P.  M.  While 
the  morning  sun  is  somewhat  to  be  dreaded  it  is  not  so  much  feared  as 
the  afternoon  sun.  We  would  recommend  that  the  fair  board  look  after 
this  improvement  before  another  fair. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  293 

This  year  the  management  was  kind  enough  to  install  baths,  both  for 
the  hogs  and  the  attendants.  Three  wash  basins  were  installed  on  the 
inside  square  of  the  building,  much  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  exhibitors. 
Shower  baths  were  installed  in  the  show  pavilion  and  at  once  became 
popular  with  exhibitors  and  herdsmen.  This,  we  believe,  was  the  only 
place  on  the  grounds  where  free  baths  could  be  had.  A  much  needed 
improvement  in  these  would  be  some  way  to  heat  the  water.  With  the 
improvements  this  year  we  should  claim  the  swine  interests  almost  per- 
fectly cared  for  so  far  as  equipment  goes. 

A  wide  spread  of  disease,  not  only  in  Iowa  but  in  surrounding  states, 
no  doubt  kept  many  away  from  the  fair.  While  no  cure  for  swine  plague 
or  cholera  has  been  found,  we  are  convinced  from  personal  experience 
that  the  serum  treatment  is  the  nearest  cure  yet  discovered  and  we  would 
urge  the  Iowa  Department  of  Agriculture  to  pass  suitable  resolutions 
asking  the  next  legislature  to  make  a  liberal  appropriation  for  the  manu- 
facturing of  serum.  At  the  present  time  the  facilities  and  means  for 
manufacturing  this  serum  are  not  such  that  the  serum  can  be  had  many 
times  when  needed. 

It  is  a  well  known  fact  that  swine  are  brought  to  the  fair  for  show 
and  for  sale;  the  sale  stuff  often  times  not  being  as  creditable  as  we  would 
wish,  but  we  are  loath  tp  discourage  this  feature  of  the  show  as  it  brings 
many  people  to  the  fair  and  encourages  the  breeding  of  pure  bred  hogs. 

It  seems  there  must  always  be  something  to  worry  the  superintendent 
and  at  the  present  time  it  is  the  selection  of  judges  in  the  Poland  China 
and  Duroc  .Jersey  classes.  The  fight  among  the  Poland  China  breeders  is 
in  regard  to  the  medium  and  large  type  features;  both  have  some  merit 
and  we  believe  will  ultimately  terminate  in  much  good  to  both. 

Summing  up  the  swine  department,  we  would  consider  the  exhibitors 
well  satisfied  in  every  branch  of  the  show  and  would  pronounce  it  almost 
as  nearly  perfect  as  a  department  can  be  made. 

Mr.  Johnston  moved  the  adoption  of  the  following  rule  in 
regard  to  vaccination  of  hogs : 

"All  animals  will  be  inspected  by  a  veterinarian  upon  arrival  at  the 
grounds  and  those  that  have  not  been  vaccinated  within  thirty  (30)  days 
prior  to  the  fair  will  be  treated  with  serum  for  prevention  of  disease." 

The  motion  was  seconded  by  Mr.  Wentworth  and  unanimously- 
adopted. 

Mr.  Sheldon  made  a  report  of  the  agricultural  department. 

Mr.  Reeves  moved  that  all  concessions  in  the  agricultural  build- 
ing be  put  in  charge  of  the  superintendent  of  the  agricultural 
department.    Seconded  by  Mr.  Olson.    Motion  prevailed. 

Mr.  Summers  made  the  following  report  of  the  poultry  depart- 
ment : 
To  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture: 

Gentlemen:  The  poultry  department  in  common  with  most  of  the  other 
departments  of  the  state  fair  showed  a  satisfactory  increase  in  the  number 


294  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

of   exhibits  shown   as   well   as   the   interest   taken   in   the  affairs   of   the 
department  by  the  exhibitors  and  the  public. 

The  plan  of  excluding  the  carlot  or  huckster  exhibitors  inaugurated 
last  year  proved  to  be  a  great  success.  In  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  un- 
favorable poultry  season  has  caused  a  shrinkage  in  the  size  of  all  poultry 
shows  during  this  season  our  exhibits  at  the  state  fair  were  increased 
by  nearly  200  birds.  This  we  believe  is  the  result  of  the  encouragement 
offered  to  legitimate  breeders.  The  income  of  the  department  was  also 
substantially  increased  over  that  of  1911.  Both  the  egg  laying  contest 
and  the  egg  show  attracted  much  attention  and  proved  to  be  valuable 
as  an  educational  feature  of  the  poultry  department. 

In  looking  forward  to  this  year's  fair  I  would  call  your  attention  to 
the  urgent  necessity  for  more  exhibition  coops  as  the  exhibits  have  out- 
grown the  present  cooping  capacity.  With  these  added  facilities  the 
poultry  department  will  keep  pace  with  the  other  departments  of  the 
Iowa  State  Fair. 

It  would  receive  the  most  hearty  approval  of  the  poultrymen  of  the 
state  if  arrangements  could  be  made  whereby  several  inexpensive  silver 
cups  could  be  awarded  to  sweepstakes  winners;  thus  definitely  designating 
certain  low^a  State  Fair  champions  in  the  poultry  department  as  in  several 
of  the  other  live  stock  departments.  Such  trophies  need  not  be  expensive 
as  the  honor  more  than  the  pecuniary  value  will  be  considered  by  the 
winners. 

Mr.  Summers  moved  that  the  following  recommendations  be  approved 
and  adopted:  To  offer  cups  for  sweepstakes  cockerel  and  pullet  for  the 
four  distinct  strains:  American,  Asiatic,  Mediterranean  and  English;  also 
that  additional  coops  be  placed  in  the  poultry  building  before  the  1913 
fair.     Motion  seconded  and  carried. 

IMr.    Mullen,    superintendent    of    the    machinery    department, 
made  the  following  report  and  recommendations: 
To  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture: 

Gentlemen :  I  would  respectfully  recommend  that  the  re-letting  of  space 
by  exhibitors,  either  in  the  buildings,  for  which  they  claim  ownership, 
or  the  outside  space  owned  by  the  fair  association,  should  be  strictly 
prohibited  and  notification  of  that  fact  be  included  in  each  and  every 
contract. 

I  would  also  recommend  that  one  sprinkler  be  set  aside  for  the  use  of 
the  machinery  department,  to  be  used  in  machinery  hall  and  the  streets 
running  through  the  machinery  exhibits.  This  could  be  taken  care  of  by 
the  men  who  furnish  steam  and  gasoline  engines  with  water. 

I  also  believe  there  should  be  a  limit  to  the  amount  of  space  assigned 
to  each  outside  exhibitor;  also  that  there  should  be  more  definite  arrange- 
ments made  for  exhibitors  to  secure  electric  power  to  run  their  machinery, 
and  an  easier  method  of  obtaining  it  from  the  officers  of  the  electric 
light  company. 

It  is  the  opinion  of  the  machinery  department  officials  that  the  auto- 
mobile exhibit  should  be  directly  under  the  management,  and  in  charge  of 
the  machinery  department;  also  the  price  of  space  for  the  automobile 
exhibit  under  the  amphitheater  should  be  25c  per  square  foot. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  295 

Mr.  Mullen  recommended  that  the  nominal  charge  of  $1.00  be 
made  for  outside  space  and  that  contract  be  written  for  such 
space.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Mullen  the  above  report  and  recom- 
mendations were  adopted. 

Mr.  Reeves  made  report  of  the  horticultural  department  as 
follows: 

To  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture: 

Gentlemen:  In  reporting  the  outcome  of  the  fruit  department  at  the 
1912  fair  I  can  say  that  it  was  a  decided  success.  The  fruit  crop  was 
small  over  most  of  the  state  and  it  took  an  unusual  amount  of  work  to 
secure  the  exhibits,  but  they  came  from  all  districts  although  the  southern 
was  poorly  represented.  The  distance  their  exhibits  have  to  come  and 
the  consequent  expense,  together  with  a  poor  crop,  was  the  reason  given 
for  their  failure  to  show.  They,  together  with  exhibitors  from  other 
parts  of  the  state,  claim  that  they  are  poorer  paid  for  their  efforts  and 
for  the  benefit  they  are  to  the  fair  than  any  other  department  exhibitors. 
One  man  who  helped  in  putting  up  an  exhibit  said  that  it  did  not  pay. 
While  they  brought  three  wagon  loads  of  fruit  and  it  took  the  time  of 
three  men  to  place  and  care  for  their  fruit,  they  also  brought  some  corn 
in  a  suitcase  and  handed  it  to  an  attendant  and  received  about  the  same 
in  premiums  from  each  department.  By  increasing  the  premium  list 
each  year  we  have  been  able  to  secure  a  good  showing  so  far.  However, 
its  seems  that  we  must  soon  face  the  necessity  of  doubling  the  premiums 
to  hold  the  old  exhibitors  who  have  made  this  department  so  attractive 
for  the  past  years  and  to  secure  the  new  ones  who  must  take  the  place 
of  those  who  yearly  drop  from  our  list. 

There  was  this  year  fully  the  usual  number  of  plates  of  fruit  shown 
and  of  a  higher  quality.  The  management  insisting  on  a  high  quality  to 
secure  the  awards  has  had  the  desired  effect  and  as  a  rule  none  but  good 
fruit  is  shown,  which  is  a  decided  advance  over  the  practice  a  few  years 
ago.  On  account  of  a  poor  crop  Mr.  C.  G.  Patton  did  not  show  his  seedling 
apples  but  the  many  inquiries  for  them  showed  the  interest  of  the  public 
in  his  valuable  work. 

Mr.  B.  A.  Mathews  showed  about  seventy  varieties  and  being  constantly 
on  hand  to  answer  questions  has  created  quite  an  interest  in  the  growing 
of  fruit  in  the  state. 

The  new  feature  was  the  box  exhibit  of  apples.  While  this  was  largely 
made  by  the  department  as  an  object  lesson,  there  were  good  exhibits  by 
growers  and  an  interest  has  been  aroused  by  the  efforts  of  the  past  three 
years  that  will  not  only  insure  good  box  exhibits  in  the  future  but  cause 
growers  to  market  their  choicest  grades  in  better  shape  as  is  done  in  the 
west. 

The  box  packing  school  received  much  attention  from  exhibitors  and 
visitors  and  this  should  be  continued.  However,  as  we  now  have  trained 
experts  in  the  state  it  will  not  be  necessary  to  send  to  Hood  River  for 
a  teacher  for  this  work. 


296  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

The  fruit  department  would  show  to  better  advantage  if  it  could  all 
be  placed  on  one  floor.  Having  a  part  in  the  galleries  does  not  give  the 
best  impression  to  visitors  and  is  inconvenient  in  many  ways. 

The  new  cement  floor  in  the  building  called  for  much  praise  from  all 
and  is  a  decided  improvement  in  cleanliness  and  caring  for  the  exhibits. 
A  place  in  which  to  store  empty  boxes  during  the  fair  is  much  needed  in 
this  department  and  the  enclosing  of  a  room  in  each  of  the  two  south 
corners  of  the  gallery  might  be  made  to  serve  this  and  the  agricultural 
department  while  they  jointly  occupy  the  building. 

Mr.  Wentworth  made  the  following  report  of  the  public  safety 
and  transportation  departments: 
To  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture: 

Gentlemen:  The  steady  growth  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  has  been  wel? 
shown  through  the  reports  of  the  various  officers  and  superintendents 
But,  to  me,  it  is  especially  noticeable  through  the  requisitions  made  upon 
this  department. 

In  1911  we  had  a  total  of  one  hundred  forty-four  men;  one  hundred 
twenty-seven  foot,  fifteen  mounted,  the  chief  and  assistant  chief,  with  an 
aggregate  of  1,023  days'  service.  In  1912  we  had  one  hundred  sixty-three 
men;  one  hundred  thirty-seven  foot,  twenty-four  mounted,  the  chief  and 
assistant  chief,  with  an  aggregate  of  1,201  days'  service. 

The  early  installation  of  exhibits  and  policing  of  the  camp  grounds 
required  the  services  of  eleven  men  before  the  fair  actually  opened  and 
we  were  required  to  hold  a  number  of  the  men  several  days  after  its 
close.  In  order  to  keep  the  expenses  at  a  minimum  it  is  our  practice  to 
request  the  men  to  report  on  different  days.  As  a  result  fifty  did  not 
enter  the  service  until  after  Sunday.  Fifteen  of  them  working  the  three 
big  days  only,  while  twenty-two  worked  ten  days  or  more. 

The  department  endeavored  this  year  to  distribute  as  broadly  as  con- 
sistent the  appointments;  some  seventy  counties  having  representation. 
Eighteen  of  our  men  this  season  were  regular  police  in  their  home  towns 
and  I  would  here  express  my  appreciation  to  the  mayors  of  those  towns 
for  their  courtesy  in  granting  us  such  services. 

The  camp  ground  is  steadily  growing  in  popular  favor,  1,598  tents,  by 
actual  count,  being  reported  from  the  camp  headquarters,  which  also 
estimated  6,500  people  actually  taking  advantage  of  the  opportunities 
afforded  and  I  feel  the  figures  are  conservative. 

I  regarded  myself  as  particularly  fortunate  to  secure  the  services  of 
Mr.  W.  H.  Walker,  formerly  general  agent  of  the  Rock  Island  Lines,  Des 
Moines,  as  assistant  in  the  Transportation  Department.  His  complete 
familiarity  with  all  conditions  made  him  especially  useful  to  the  exhibi- 
tors who  were  warm  in  their  expressions  of  appreciation  for  aid  received. 

The  demand  for  buildings  and  accommodations  for  exhibitors  has  been 
so  persistent  that  the  department  has  not  been  able  to  give  the  attention 
to  quarters  for  employes  that  they  not  only  deserve  but  have  a  right  to 
expect.  We  have  been  favored  by  well-nigh  perfect  weather  the  past  two 
years,  otherwise  the  tents  would  not  have  been  at  all  satisfactory,  and  I 
hereby  recommend  the  purchase  or  erection  of  a  suitable  building  with 
accommodations  for  two  hundred  men,  as  it  will  not  be  five  years  before 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  297 

the  proper  protection  of  exhibits  and  grounds  will  require  such  a  force. 
A  new  barn  for  the  horses  of  the  mounted  police  is  an  immediate  and 
absolute  necessity  and  must  be  provided  before  another  fair. 

I  would  urge  the  attention  of  the  board  to  the  matter  of  wages  and 
recommend  an  increase  of  fifty  cents  per  day  for  both  the  mounted  and 
foot  men.  It  has  been  particularly  difficult  to  get  men  with  good  mounts 
at  the  wages  allowed,  for  by  the  time  the  freight,  the  feed  bills  and  their 
own  board  is  paid,  they  find  it  hard  to  break  even. 

The  question  of  uniform  is  worthy  of  consideration  and  I  hope  to 
interest  the  board  in  the  matter  later. 

The  growing  popularity  of  the  camp  grounds  is  making  additional  de- 
mands for  sanitation  and  I  recommend  two  new  closets  to  be  built  near 
the  eastern  end  of  the  grounds,  and  that  the  old  closets  be  rebuilt  with 
such  changes  in  location  as  may  best  serve  the  interests  and  conveniences 
of  the  patrons. 

On  motion  the  board  adjourned  until  1 :30  p.  m. 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

Board  convened  at  1:30  with  the  following  members  present: 
Cameron,  Olson,  Oorey,  Johnston,  Phillips,  Reeves,  Wentworth, 
Summers,  Mullen  and  Pike. 

The  secretary  read  the  following  communication  from  Mr.  W. 
C.  Brown: 

Des  Moines,  Iowa,  Dec.  13,  1912. 
To  the  Board  of  Directors,  Officers  and  Managers  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair 
and  Department  of  Agriculture: 

Gentlemen:     I  desire  to  thank  you  for  the  appointment  to  the  position 
of  Superintendent  of  Privileges  and  Concessions,  but  having  been  elected 
treasurer  of  state  at  the  recent  election  it  will  not  be  possible  for  me  to 
accept  the  appointment. 
Thanking  you  for  past  favors  and  courtesies,  I  beg  to  remain. 

Sincerely  yours, 

W.  C.  BROWN. 

Mr.  Wentworth  moved  that  the  resignation  be  accepted  and 
that  the  secretary  tender  to  Mr.  Brown  the  thanks  of  the  board 
for  the  long,  efficient  and  faithful  service  he  has  given  the  fair. 
Motion  seconded  by  Mr.  Olson  and  unanimously  carried. 

Mr.  Mullen  moved  that  the  executive  committee  make  the  se- 
lection of  a  superintendent  of  privileges  and  concessions  to 
succeed  Mr.  Brown.    Motion  accepted  by  Mr.  Pike  and  carried. 

The  president  appointed  as  committee  on  per  diem  and  mile- 
age Messrs.  Johnston^  Summers  and  Pike, 


298  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Secretary  read  the  report  of  the  superintendent  of  the  school 
exhibits   department  as  follows: 
To  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture: 

Gentlemen:  The  school  exhibits  department  has  shown  a  wonderful 
growth  since  its  organization.  The  effects  of  this  exhibit,  as  a  stimulus 
to  better  work  and  right  direction  in  public  education,  is  very  evident 
in  M-any  parts  of  the  state  where  schools  have  participated  one  or  more 
years  by  making  an  exhibit. 

While  comparatively  small  percentage  of  Iowa's  28,000  school  teachers 
can  be  present  at  the  state  fair,  a  great  number  of  leaders  in  education 
are  present  for  one  or  more  days,  either  in  connection  with  the  care  of 
exhibits  from  their  schools,  or  as  individuals  interested  in  seeing  and 
knowing  more  of  the  work  represented  in  the  educational  exhibits  and 
other  departments  of  the  state  fair. 

A  surprisingly  large  number  of  teachers  olDtain  permission  for  at  least 
a  day  off  from  their  regular  duties  and  visit  the  educational  exhibit. 
The  number  of  school  pupils  who  actually  file  through  the  aisles,  observing 
their  own  work  and  that  of  other  school  children,  mounted  and  displayed 
in  an  attractive  way,  is  very  large  in  the  aggregate  during  the  session  of 
the  fair. 

The  information  these  people  receive  from  observing  good  school  work 
and  the  inspiration  which  comes  to  them  from  a  proper  recognition  of 
such  work  has  an  influence  reaching  back  into  the  home  school  district, 
which  is  most  productive  of  good  in  supplementing  the  efforts  of  teachers 
and  school  administrators  to  direct  school  activities  in  the  right  way. 

The  expressed  appreciation  of  school  patrons  who  visit  the  exhibit  and 
the  attitude  of  those  interested  in  public  school  education  generally  is  a 
sufficient  recognition  of  the  value  of  the  school  department  exhibit,  and 
provides  a  very  strong  reason  for  increasing  its  effectiveness.  The  work 
of  building  up  a  sentiment  favorable  to  this  exhibit  among  teachers,  super- 
intendents and  others  who  contribute  to  its  success,  has  been  well  done, 
and  we  are  now  ready  for  a  further  development,  which  will  mean  much 
to  the  state  of  Iowa  in  the  way  of  giving  direction  and  encouragement  to 
public  school  work. 

From  my  experience  with  the  education  exhibit  since  its  origin,  and 
from  mj'-  observations  of  what  can  be  done  along  this  line,  I  am  pleased 
to  submit  the  following  recommendations  relative  to  this  department  for 
the  ensuing  year: 

MORE    EXHIBIT    SPACE    NEEDED. 

1.  The  crowded  condition  of  the  exhibit  last  year  and  the  demand  for 
space  was  such  that  it  appears  that  one  of  two  policies  would  be  advisable 
for  next  year. 

(a)  To  inerease  the  amount  of  exhibit  space  sufficiently  to  properly 
display  the  exhibits  which  will  be  offered,  or, 

(b)  To  limit  the  size,  amount  and  character  of  exhibits  which  will  be 
accepted. 

The  educational  exhibit  could  well  occupy  a  space  at  least  four  or  five 
times  as  l^rge  as  that  occupied  la.st  year.    I  believe  that  the  development 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  299 

of  the  educational  exhibit  is  sufficient  recognition  of  its  value  and  that 
if  the  same  could  he  provided,  a  separate  building  for  the  school  exhibit 
department,  where  there  could  be  sufficient  room  and  light  for  displaying 
in  the  right  way  such  exhibits  as  would  l)e  offered,  such  action  would 
be  entirely  justified,  and  appreciated  by  those  concerned. 

If  further  room  cannot  be  provided,  it  is  my  opinion  that  the  number 
of  classes  or  the  number  of  exhibits  under  the  different  classes  should 
be  reduced  sufficiently  to  provide  for  a  proper  display  of  the  exhibits 
which  are  offered. 

On  the  other  hand,  there  are  a  number  of  good  things  in  education 
which,  in  my  opinion,  ought  to  be  provided  for  in  the  state  educational 
exhibit  but  which  cannot  b^  provided  for  unless  further  exhibit  space  can 
be  secured.    These  will  be  mentioned  under  separate  heading  in  this  report. 

REVISION    OF    PREMIUM    LIST. 

2.  A  study  of  the  premiums  awarded  the  past  year  indicates  that  140 
premiums  which  were  offered  were  not  awarded.  In  most  cases  the  reason 
of  failure  to  award  premiums  was  because  of  no  exhibits  being  made  for 
the  particular  premiums.  In  some  cases  exhibits  were  not  offered  because 
of  a  lack  of  room  for  properly  displaying  the  exhibits  called  for.  In 
other  cases  it  appears  that  the  exhibits  called  for  were  not  such  as  the 
schools  find  it  convenient  to  make.  I  recommend  that  a  careful  exami- 
nation of  the  premium  list  be  made  and  that  where  premiums  are  offered 
for  exhibits  which  it  appears  are  not  likely  to  be  made,  that  such  be 
modified  so  as  to  call  for  those  things  which  are  most  likely  to  be  sup- 
plied by  the  schools. 

ADDITION    TO    PKEMIUM    LIST. 

3.  One  feature  of  school  work  which  will  receive  special  emphasis  the 
ensuing  year,  and  for  which  I  believe  an  excellent  showing  could  be  made 
at  the  state  fair,  is  that  of  Iowa  Boys'  and  Girls'  Club  work,  especially 
the  gardening  and  canning  club  work,  which  could  be  organized  for 
exhibit  purposes  very  effectively.  The  exhibit  could  be  made  largely  by 
clubs  or  by  individuals,  and  if  properly  displayed,  ought  to  make  a  good 
drawing  card  at  the  fair.  These  exhibits  made  in  some  of  the  southern 
and  eastern  states  last  year  were  very  attractive  features.  If  space  can 
be  provided  for  this  purpose  and  premiums  offered  for  such  exhibits,  I 
am  sure  from  our  membership  of  14,000  young  people  we  could  get  a 
display  that  would  be  a  credit  to  the  state  fair  and  to  the  work  of  the 
.schools. 

In  addition  to  the  general  classes  for  exhibits  by  schools,  I  believe  that 
some  arrangement  of  other  special  classes  could  be  made  by  which  schools 
which  are  not  in  position  to  make  a  representative  general  exhibit  would 
make  a  special  feature  exhibit  of  particular  phases  of  the  work  which  are 
being  handled  by  their  particular  schools.  If  exhibit  space  will  permit, 
I  believe  it  very  desirable  that  a  larger  number  of  schools  be  induced  to 
participate  by  arranging  an  exhibit  in  some  particular  line,  without  ref- 
erence to  any  other  work.  This  would  allow  each  school  to  compete  in  a 
division  in  which  it  is  especially  prepared  to  make  an  exhibit,  and  would 
permit  of  a  greater  representation  of  schools  and  a  better  specialization 


300  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICIILTURE 

of  exhibits  in  display.  I  believe  that  a  strong  emphasis  should  be  placed 
upon  exhibits  of  work  in  agriculture,  domestic  science  and  manual  train- 
ing, and  that  inducements  ought  to  be  offered  which  will  bring  exhibitors 
in  these  lines  from  a  greater  number  of  schools. 

EARLY  ISSUE  OF  PREMroM  LIST. 

4.  The  school  work  exhibited  at  the  state  fair  is  prepared  almost  en- 
tirely during  the  school  year  ending  about  June  1st.  A  great  proportion 
of  the  work  should  be  that  which  is  done  during  the  year.  Unless  teachers 
are  expecting  to  make  an  exhibit,  in  most  cases,  the  work  of  the  pupils 
which  might  well  contribute  to  such  an  exhibit  is  not  preserved  to  the 
end  of  the  year  in  a  condition  which  would  justify  its  exhibition.  The 
exhibit  necessarily  must  be  planned  during  the  school  year.  If  the 
premium  list  for  the  education  department  could  be  issued  in  pamphlet 
form  about  the  first  of  the  year,  it  would  enable  schools  to  make  better 
representations  of  their  work. 

LECTURES    AND    DEMONSTRATIONS. 

5.  As  a  drawing  feature  of  value,  I  believe  that  a  series  of  educational 
lectures  and  demonstrations  could  be  arranged  with  very  little  expense, 
where  at  certain  times  each  day  people  interested  in  the  subjects  announced 
could  come  for  a  brief  period  and  listen  to  lectures  and  witness  demonstra- 
tions in  educational  lines  which  would  be  of  value.  I  am  quite  sure  that 
the  series  of  lectures  could  be  arranged  for  if  a  suitable  space  for  an 
audience  of  limited  size  could  be  provided.  It  need  not  be  a  large  space, 
but  should  be  easily  accessible. 

In  the  demonstration  work,  I  believe  it  would  be  possible  to  arrange 
each  day  to  have  in  operation  one  of  the  garden  and  tomato  canning  clubs 
which  we  are  now  organizing,  where  the  regular  work  would  be  carried 
out,  the  young  people  taking  the  fruit  or  vegetable  as  they  come  from 
the  garden  or  orchard,  preparing  them  for  canning,  and  completing  the 
work  by  sealing  the  cans,  labeling  them  and  presenting  them  for  inspec- 
tion, use  or  marketing. 

If  your  board  favors  this  idea  I  shall  be  pleased  to  contribute  any 
services  which  I  am  able  in  carrying  it  out.  We  are  now  working  under 
the  co-operative  arrangement  with  the  department  of  agriculture  in  these 
courses  and  expect  to  have  sufficient  help  to  facilitate  the  work  in  every 
county  in  the  state.  If  any  of  the  above  recommendations  seem  worthy 
of  attention  and  you  desire  anything  further  as  to  detail  in  application 
of  any  one  of  them,  I  am  at  your  service  for  whatever  I  may  be  able  to 
do  in  furthering  the  interests  of  the  work. 

Very  truly  yours, 

E.  C.  BISHOP. 

Mr.  Johnston  moved  that  the  appropriation  in  the  school  ex- 
hibits department  be  the  same  as  in  1912,  and  that  the  recom- 
mendations and  classification  be  left  to  the  secretary  and  the 
superintendent  of  the  department.    Motion  seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Johnston  moved  that  the  matter  of  music  and  attractions 
for  the  1913  fair,  and  all  unfinished  business,  be  delegated  to  the 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VI  301 

executive  committee  with  power  to  act.    Seconded  by  Mr.  Went- 
worth.     Motion  carried. 

The  committee  on  per  diem  and  mileage  filed  the  following 
report,  which,  on  motion  of  Mr.  Johnston,  was  adopted  and  war- 
rants ordered  drawn  for  the  various  amounts: 

Mr.  President:  Your  committee  on  per  diem  and  mileage  beg  to  report 
as  follows: 

Name  Days     Rate      Amount     Miles    Amount       Total 

C.  E.  Cameron 6         $4.00         $24.00         140         $14.00         $38.00 

O.A.Olson.., 6  4.00  24.00         155  15.50  39.50 

R.  S.  Johnston G  4.00  24.00         158  15.80  39.80 

C.   W.   Phillips 6  4.00  24.00         210  21.00  45.0'0 

E.M.Reeves 6  4.00  24.00         123  12.30  36.30 

E.  J.  Curtin 5  4.00  20.00<        195  19.50  39.50 

E.  M.  Wentworth 6  4.00  24.00  60  6.00  S'O.OO 

T.  C.  Legoe 5  4.00  20.00  85  8.50  28.50 

C.   P.    Curtiss 5  4.00  20.00  37  3.70  23.70 

F.E.Sheldon 6  4.00  24.00         123  12.30  36.30 

J.F.Summers 6  4.00  24.00         160  16.00  40.00 

J.  P.  Mullen 6  4.00  24.00         117  11.70  35.70 

H.L.Pike 6  4.00  24.00         200  20.00  44.00 

$476.30 
Respectfully  submitted, 

R.    S.    JOHNSTON, 

H.   L.   PIKE, 

J.  F.   SUMMERS, 

Committee. 

Mr.  Wesley  Greene,  superintendent  of  the  floricultural  depart- 
ment, made  a  verbal  report  of  that  department. 

Mr.  Wentworth  moved  that  the  matter  of  approval  of  the 
bond  of  the  treasurer  be  referred  to  the  executive  committee 
i^dth  power  to  act. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Summers,  seconded  by  Mr.  Pike,  the  board 
adjourned. 


PART  VII 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

State  Agricultural  Convention 


WEDNESDAY,  DECEMBER  11,  1912. 

The  convention  was  called  to  order  at  10 :00  A.  M.  by  Mr.  C.  E. 
Cameron,  president  of  the  Iowa  State  Board  of  Agriculture.  Mr. 
0.  A.  Olson,  vice-president,  presided  while  President  Cameron 
delivered  the  following  address: 

PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS- 

C.    E.    CAMERON,    ALTA,    IOWA. 

Again  we  meet  for  the  Fifty-eighth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  of  Iowa.  It  is  with  pleasure  I  welcome  you  to 
this  meeting.  It  is  a  source  of  gratification  to  the  officers  of  the  de- 
partment to  meet  you,  especially  this  year  after  the  successful  fair  of 
1912. 

It  would  be  difficult  for  me  to  single  out  any  department  and  tell 
you  the  success  of  the  fair  was  due  to  that  one  department.  Iowa  has 
the  reputation  of  having  the  best  balanced  fair  in  the  United  States, 
and  I  think  she  is  justly  entitled  to  that  distinction;  hence  it  shows 
that  her  departments  are  on  a  parity  with  each  other.  Why  should 
not  Iowa  have  the  greatest  fair  in  the  United  States,  or,  for  that  mat- 
ter, in  the  world?  Iowa  is  recognized  as  the  greatest  agricultural 
state  in  the  Union,  then  why  not  the  greatest  fair,  situated  in  the  most 
fertile  valley,  taken  as  a  whole,  that  has  as  yet  been  found  and  in- 
habited by  a  class  of  people  as  intelligent  and  progressive  as  are  to  be 
found  on  the  face  of  the  globe. 

The  fair  this  year  did  not  come  up  to  our  expectations  in  attend- 
ance. In  the  last  five  years  the  attendance  has  increased  from  216,000 
in  1907  to  271,000  in  1911,  and  this  year  we  had  only  a  little  over  one 
thousand  increase  over  the  attendance  of  1911.  The  average  increase 
per  year  for  the  last  five  years  was  11,000,  or  a  total  of  55,000  in  that 
time.  Never  in  the  history  of  the  fair  had  a  better  program  been  pre- 
pared, the  departments  were  all  well  filled,  premiums  had  been  in- 
creased in  all  departments,  and  we  had  great  faith  that  the  increased 
attendance  per  year  according  to  the  last  five  years  would  be  shattered. 
Some  of  us  even  had  our  minds  on  the  300,000  mark.  Prospects 
never  looked  brighter,  never  in  the  history  of  the  state  have  there  been 
better  crops,  prices  have  been  good,  and  the  people  are  prosperous. 
Then  what  was  the  trouble?  To  my  mind  the  trouble  was  with  the 
railroads,    For  over  twenty  years,  with  ih^  exception  of  on©  year,  tb© 


304  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

railroads  have  granted  a  three  cent  round  trip  rate  to  the  fair,  and 
we  expected  the  same  this  year  up  to  three  weeks  before  the  fair.  We 
could  not,  as  we  have  done  for  twenty  years,  advertise  a  reduced  rate 
to  the  fair.  The  patrons  of  the  fair,  especially  those  from  a  distance, 
say,  "Well,  no  rates  this  year.  Guess  I  will  not  go."  This  did  not 
make  so  much  difference  to  the  people  living  within  a  radius  of  forty 
or  fifty  miles  from  the  fair.  As  I  have  said  time  and  again,  I  would 
rather  have  the  attendance  of  one  person  who  lives  one  hundred  miles 
from  the  fair  than  three  who  live  only  forty  or  fifty  miles  distant,  for 
those  who  live  the  long  distance  when  they  come  will  stay  three  or 
four  days,  while  those  who  come  the  short  distance  will  come  in  the 
morning  and  return  home  that  night.  V/e  have  tried  in  every  con- 
ceivable way  to  show  the  railroads  of  the  state  that  our  interests  are 
mutual.  We  are  building  up  the  resources  of  the  state,  and  when  we 
do  that  we  build  up  every  industry  in  the  state;  and  there  is  no  one 
industry  that  is  more  benefited  by  the  upbuilding  of  this  state's  great 
resources  than  the  railroads.  Then  why  should  they  not  be  co-workers 
with  us  in  building  up  this  great  educational  institution.  We  had 
a  meeting  in  Chicago  last  October  with  the  members  of  the  Western 
Passenger  Association  to  lay  before  them  that  the  future  success  of 
these  great  fairs  depends  largely  upon  what  the  railroads  are  going 
to  do.  This  me-eting  was  attended  from  Iowa  by  Clifford  Thorne,  State 
Railroad  Commissioner,  Geis  Botsford,  Secretary  of  the  Des  Moines 
Commercial  Club,  H.  W.  Byers,  city  corporation  counsel  for  Des  Moines, 
A.  R.  Corey,  Secretary  of  the  State  Fair,  and  myself.  And  I  want  to 
say  right  here  that  in  matters  where  the  interests  of  the  state  fair 
are  at  stake  you  can  always  depend  upon  the  city  of  Des  Moines  doing 
her  part.  We  had  a  very  agreeable  meeting  in  Chicago;  they  treated 
us  very  nicely  and  heard  our  side  of  the  story — and,  in  fact,  that  is  the 
only  side  you  will  hear.  They  are  the  best  listeners  I  have  ever  met. 
They  simply  said  they  would  take  the  matter  up  and  let  us  know  later. 
I  feel  that  we  have  a  good  case;  and  if  the  railroads  are  not  willing 
to  do  something  to  help  along  a  cause  that  is  helping  them,  then 
I  think  it  would  be  within  the  power  of  the  legislature  to  put  in  the 
hands  of  the  railroad  commission  of  this  state  authority  to  deal  with 
just  such  cases. 

I  will  not  go  into  the  details  of  the  last  fair,  as  our  Secretary,  Mr, 
Corey,  will  give  you  a  complete  statement  of  the  receipts  and  disburse- 
ments. There  was  expended  for  permanent  improvements  on  the 
grounds  the  last  year  something  like  $71,000.00,  all  out  of  the  profits 
of  the  fair  for  the  last  two  years — a  new  cross  section  of  the  horse 
barn,  a  street  car  station,  cement  floor  in  the  agricultural  and  machin- 
ery buildings,  new  speed  barns,  cement  walks  and  gutters.  The  Des 
Moines  City  Railway  Company  treated  the  fair  very  nicely  this  year 
by  moving  their  tracks  to  the  new  location  at  a  cost  of  twelve  thou- 
sand dollars,  while  they  still  had  ten  years  of  the  old  lease  to  run.  The 
land  purchased  from  the  appropriation  by  the  last  legislature  opened 
up  some  very  desirable  ground;  in  fact,  it  looked  as  if  a  new  fair  had 
started  in  the  southwest  part  of  the  grounds.  This  relieved  th©  con- 
gestion we  have  always  had  in  the  center  of  the  grounds. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  305 

We  did  more  this  year  to  carry  out  the  line  of  future  permanent  im- 
provement as  planned  by  Mr.  Simonds,  the  landscape  architect,  than 
any  year  since  the  plan  was  adopted,  and  I  am  more  than  satisfied  with 
the  general  arrangements  as  suggested  by  Mr.  Simonds.  The  Board 
made  no  mistake  when  they  ordered  this  work  done;  they  know  now 
just  where  every  permanent  building  should  be  located. 

New  buildings  that  should  be  give-n  consideration  for  the  next  year 
are  a  sheep  barn,  a  cattle  barn  and  the  south  half  of  tho  new  machinery 
building.  The  exhibitors  in  the  machinery  building  are  so  well  pleased 
with  it  that,  so  I  am  informed  by  the  superintendent  of  that  depart- 
ment, every  exhibitor  of  this  year  has  engaged  the  same  space  for  1913 
and  hundreds  of  exhibitors  who  were  unable  to  get  space  in  the  build- 
ing have  applied  for  space  next  year.  With  the  final  completion  of  the 
buildings  as  marked  out  by  the  landscape  architect,  walks  all  covered 
from  the  transportation  stations  to  all  the  permanent  buildings.  Oh, 
what  a  dream  of  an  ideal  fairground. 

The  Pre^dent  then  appointed  the  following  committees: 
Committee  on  Credentials. 

C.  W.  Hoffman Decatur  County. 

James  Nowak Poweshiek  County. 

H.  C.  Leach Davis  County. 

Committee  on  Resolutions. 

T.  W.  Pureell Franklin  County. 

John  W.  Palm Henry  County. 

A.  G.  Rigby Buchanan  County. 

The  Secretary's  report  was  then  read  by  Mr.  A.  R,  Corey. 


SECRETARY'S  REPORT. 

A.  R.  COREY,  DES  MOINES,  IOWA. 

Speaking  from  an  agricultural  standpoint,  the  year  1912  is  des- 
tined to  make  history  for  the  State  of  Iowa.  There  is  no  question  in 
our  mind  what  the  report  of  Dr.  Chappel,  Director  of  the  Iowa  Weather 
and  Crop  Service,  will  show  when  given  to  the  public.  We  have  al- 
ready noticed  that  the  government  estimates  the  corn  production  in 
Iowa  for  this  year  at  432,000,000  bushels,  an  increase  of  44,000,000 
bushels  over  the  banner  year,  1906.  In  addition  to  this  we  have  had 
individual  reports  from  practically  every  section  of  the  state  indicat- 
ing bounteous  yields  of  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  all  other  farm  products. 
Along  with  these  unprecedented  yields  the  farmers  are  receiving  fair 
prices  for  their  products.  This  is  not  only  true  with  agricultural  prod- 
ucts, but  for  beef,  pork,  butter,  eggs  and  other  products  of  the  farm. 
This  has  not  only  resulted  in  the  prosperous  condition  of  our  farmers, 
but  it  is  responsible  for  a  noticeable  demand  for  Iowa  land  at  prices 
considerably  advanced  over  a  year  ago.  When  the  Iowa  farmer  pros- 
pers so  do  all  industries,  and  this  year  is  no  exception  and  finds  them 
in  a  flourishing  condition. 


306  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

farmers'  institutes  and  short  courses. 

In  the  seventy-seven  counties  of  the  State  in  which  farmers'  insti- 
tutes were  held  during  the  period  from  July  1,  1911,  to  June  1,  1912, 
ninety-one  institutes  were  held  and  received  state  aid  to  the  amount  of 
$5,646.36.  The  reports  indicate  that  the  communities  in  which  these 
institutes  were  held  contributed  in  the  way  of  subscription,  member- 
ship fees,  etc.,  $17,288.35  for  additional  support. 

The  total  attendance  of  all  institutes  was  159,080,  or  an  average  of 
1,750  each,  and  a  total  of  692  sessions  were  held  with  an  average  at- 
tendence  of  225  at  each.  This  would  indicate  these  institutes  are  well 
attended  and  are  the  means  of  bringing  together  a  large  number  of 
farmers  seeking  information  that  will  better  agricultural  conditions 
in  our  State. 

The  principal  disbursements  were  for  premiums  on  live  stock,  agri- 
cultural products  and  for  the  products  of  domestic  science,  which 
amounted  to  $9,881.55;  for  judges,  speakers  and  instructors,  $4,- 
106.80;  for  hall  rent,  printing,  advertising  and  miscellaneous  expense, 
$7,468.23. 

By  the  co-operation  of  short  course  associations  throughout  the  state 
and  the  Agricultural  Extension  Department  at  Ames,  a  number  of  short 
courses  were  held.  These  meetings  are  not  reported  to  this  depart- 
ment, except  in  counties  where  no  institutes  or  county  or  district  fairs 
are  held  and  they  are  allowed  to  draw  the  state  aid  due  these  organiza- 
tions. Eleven  short  course  associations  took  advantage  of  this  and 
drew  state  aid  to  the  amount  of  $1,371.24.  Allamakee,  Harrison,  Kos- 
suth, IMitchell,  Winnebago  and  Worth  counties  drew  state  aid  due  in- 
stitutes. Cherokee,  Dallas  and  Plymouth  drew  state  aid  due  county 
and  district  fairs.  Ida  and  Washington  drew  aid  due  both  institute 
and  fair. 

The  short  courses  reporting  to  this  department  held  275  sessions 
with  a  total  attendance  of  52,045,  or  an  average  of  190  per  session. 
They  expended  for  premiums  $4,704.55;  for  speakers,  judges  and  in- 
structors, $2,616.16;  for  hall  rent,  printing  and  miscellaneous  expense, 
$8,467.93.  In  addition  to  the  state  aid  and  free  instructors  from  the 
Extension  Department,  the  local  associations  raised  $15,203.83  for 
additional  support  for  their  short  courses. 

In  addition  to  these  short  courses  and  institutes  a  number  of  colt 
shows  were  held  in  various  counties.  All  of  these  gatherings  offer  op- 
portunity for  interchange  of  ideas  and  have  a  tendency  toward  the  bet- 
terment of  agricultural  production,  live  stock  raising,  and  farm  life, 
and  should  be  encouraged  by  support  from  the  state.  To  the  Exten- 
sion Department  at  Ames  great  credit  is  due  for  promoting  these 
courses  and  for  the  speakers  and  instructors  furnished. 

The  following  tables  give  detailed  information  for  each  farmers' 
institute  and  short  course  association  drawing  state  aid.  They  show 
the  number  of  sessions  held  by*  each,  total  attendance,  amount  of  state 
aid  received  and  a  statement  of  receipts  and  disbursements  for  the  fis- 
c^\  year  ending  June  30,  1912. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


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IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


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THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


309 


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310  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


COUNTY  AND  DISTRICT  FAIRS. 


Ninety-four  county  and  district  fairs  located  in  seventy-six  counties 
of  the  state  reported  to  this  department  and  received  state  aid  in  the 
sum  of  $20,860.32.  This  is  an  increase  of  $389.00  over  the  aggregate 
amount  paid  last  year.  The  average  amount  paid  each  fair  was  $222.00 
or  about  $10.00  less  than  last  year.  The  total  receipts  from  all 
sources  were  $511,885.00,  an  increase  of  $62,154.00  over  last  year 
and  an  average  of  $5,445.00  for  each  fair. 

There  was  disbursed  for  premiums  other  than  speed  $86,697.00,  or 
an  average  of  $922.00  for  each.  This  is  an  average  of  $48.00  less 
than  was  paid  last  year.  Speed  premiums  amounted  to  $108,188.00, 
or  an  average  of  $1,228.00,  an  increase  per  fair  of  $48.00  over  last 
year.  Other  items  make  a  total  of  expenditudes  of  $497, 639. 00,  or 
an  average  disbursement  of  $5,294.00  for  each  fair. 

Sixty-two  fairs  show  a  cash  balance  on  hand  of  $24,777.00,  while 
thirty  report  overdrafts  amounting  to  $10,531.00.  The  ninety-one 
properties  are  valued  at  $950,115.00,  or  an  average  valuation  of  $10,- 
440.00.  Three  fairs  report  that  grounds  are  leased.  The  indebted- 
ness reported  totals  $174,699.00,  an  increase  of  $31,108.00  over  last 
year.  The  net  assets  total  $789,661.00,  or  an  average  of  $8,677.00  for 
each  fair. 

The  attendance  for  the  ninety-four  fairs  was  892,299,  or  an  average 
of  9,490.  This  is  an  increase  of  61,468  over  last  year,  or  an  average 
increase  of  about  three  hundred  for  each  fair. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  eight  fairs  that  paid  premiums  other  than 
speed  in  excess  of  $1,500.00  and  drew  the  maximum  amount  of  state 
aid,  $300.00: 

Interstate  Live  Stock  Fair Sioux   City    $8,353.85 

Marshall  County  Fair Marshalltown 3,161.50 

North   Iowa  Fair Mason  City 3,047.45 

Bremer  County  Fair Waverly    2,851.79 

Henry  County  Fair Mt.    Pleasant    2,410.28 

Buchanan  County  Fair Independence    2,259.66 

Union  District  Fair West  Liberty    2,190.50 

Columbus  Junction  District  Fair.  Columbus  Junction 1,517.16 

The  following  tables  have  been  tabulated,  giving  detailed  informa- 
tion relative  to  each  county  and  district  fair  in,  Iowa. 

The  first  table  is  a  financial  statement  showing  receipts  and  dis- 
bursments,  state  appropriation,  profit  and  loss  on  1912  fair,  and  assets 
and  liabilities  of  each  fair. 

The  table  following  the  financial  statement  gives  total  attendance 
admission  fees  charged  at  outside  gates,  grand  stand,  and  quarter 
stretch  for  the  year  1912. 


312 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 
1912  FINANCIAL  STATEMENT  OF  COUNTY  AND  DIS 


COUNTY  OR  DISTRICT 


Receipts 


Adajr,    Greenfield   

Adams,    Corning    __. 

Allamakee,    Waukon    

Audubon.    Audubon    

Benton,    Vinton    

Boone,    Ogden   

Boone,    Boone   

Bremer,   Waverly  

Buchanan,    Independence    

Buena    Vista,    Alta 

Butler,    Allison   

Calhoun,   Manson  

Calhoun,    Roclrvfell   City 

Carroll,    Carroll    

Cass,  Atlantic  

Cass,    Massena   

Cedar,    Tipton    

Cerro  Gordo,   Mason  City 

Chickasaw,  New  Hampton 

Chickasaw,   Nashua  

Clayton,    National   

Clayton,   Strawberry  Point 

Clayton,    Elkader  

Clinton,   De  Witt 

Crawford,    Arion    

Davis,   De  VTitt 

Delaware,    Manchester    

Dickinson,   Spirit  Irake  

Dickinson,    Milford   __. _._ 

Payette,    West   Union 

Fayette,    Oelwein  

Franklin,   Hampton  

Greene,   Jefferson  

Grundy,    Grundy  Center  

Guthrie,    Guthrie  Center 

Hancock,   Britt  

Hardin,  Eldora 

Harrison,    Missouri    Valley 

Henry,    Mt.    Pleasant 

Henry,    Winfleld   

Humboldt,    Humboldt  

Iowa,   Marengo  

Iowa,    Victor    

Iowa,  Williamsburg  

Jackson,   Maquoketa  

Jasper,    Newton   

Jefferson,   Fairfield  

Johnson,    Iowa   City 

Jones,    Anamosa    

Keokuk,    What    Cheer 

Kossuth,    Algona   

Lee,    Donnellson   

Lee,    West    Point 

Linn,  Marion  

Linn,    Central  City 

Louisa,   Columbus  Junction 

Lyon,    Rock   Rapids 

Madison,    Winterset   

Mahaska,   New  Sharon 

Marion,   Pella  

Marshall,    Rhodes   

Marshall,  Marshalltown 

Mills,  Malvern  

Mitchell,   Osage  

Monona,    Onawa 

Monroe,  Albla — 


174.00 


1,858.25 


S9.85 


15.26 
4.28 
9.71 


67.75 


1,219.58 
1,095.29 


40.00 

52.60 

8.66 

202.79 


569.19 
4^.93 
341.25 


5.14 


65.84 
250.60 
194.75 


1,054.17 


556.03 
39.19 
17.02 

678.51 


649.78 
1.29 

37.07 
158.30 
225.00 

13.56 


173.5* 
3,264.35 


264.39 
93.37 
54.84 

698.79 


978.64 
28.S?7 


1,416.95$ 
3,051.84 


3,285.15 
4,905.00 
3,881.20 
3,885.20 

13,017.50 
8,538.74 
5,227.48 
3,873.07 
4.109.91 
3,508.14 
4,047.48 
6,789.45 
2,186.95 
3,783.63 

15,242.92 
4,534.65 
4,335.51 
2,606.20 
3,219.84 
2,670.95 
8,142.75 
2,314.61 
4,073.60 
906.00 
1,374.01 
889.40 
5,590.35 
1,492.11 
5,029.76 

17,286.59 
2,377.27 
2,114.20 
2,715.74 
5,642.35 
735.70 
9,180.28 
3,502.30 
2,739.66 
1,602.27 
2,110.75 
1.869.32 
4,675.05 
6,478.48 
3,112.60 
3,033.06 
7,012.10 
2,941.95 
6,382.00 
2,398.22 
2,711.84 
2,802.68 
3,447.87 
5,186.991 
8,838.16 
1,596.15! 
2,.'598.60i 
1,833.35 
943.90 

11,502.02 
3,9ef7.e5 
2,494.05 
1,638.60 
8.628.06 


198.84 
218.20 
204.10 
220.00 
209.28 
214.84 
202.95 
.300.00 
300.00 
239.27 
211.89 
248.47 
237. i5 
160.20 
290.29 
215.20 
272.93 
300.00 
200.90 
253.38 
224.33 
206.70 
222.33 
291.15 
201.11 
256.45 
in. 20 
163.34 
109.30 
226.70 
194.26 
233.00 
257.77 
206.39 
100.00 
226.20 
278.53 
168.50 
300.00 
211.15 
178.48 
207.81 
114.20 
206.39 
246.62 
267.79 
204.89 
203.35 
216.78 
232.75 
262.20 
122.56 
204.69 
233.55 
263.50 
300.00 
255.45 
235.92 
214.64 
207.50 
167.96 
300.00 
227.91 
233.25 
220.75 
239.50 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 
TRICT  FAIRS  IN  IOWA  RECEIVING  STATE  AID  1912 


313 


Disbursements 


Profit  and  Loss 


Assets  and 
Liabilities 


n, 927.97 
l,4c8.54 
2,280.66 
3,144.80 
2,421.06 
1,572.78 
2,357.79 
8,573.24 
5,203.36 
2,572.18 
2,377.65 
2,439.69 
1,100.00 
2,396.98 
5,605.03 
1,418.94 
1,893.47 
10,577.60 
1,857.78 
3,321.83 
2,111.04 
2,542.40 
1,366.08 
4,537.18 
1,569.16 
1,919.58 
890.00 
462.80 
215.00 
3,920.60 
1,489.95 
3,686.94 
14,470.84 
2,301.22 
1,158.20 
1,525.00 
3,157.45 
778.17 
,120.00 


764.03 
142.64 
231.42 
406.15 
2,077.41 
3,938.47 
1,505. 
1,877.13 
4,991.18 
1,250.91 
4,346.95, 
l,485.68i 
1,678.85 
1,315.59; 
2,377.43!.- 
2,851.47 
6,804.77 
1,672.35 
1,354.34 
1,097.47 

832.54  .. 
6,585.77 
1,685.81 
3,160.00 
965.25 
1,680.84 


455.00 

1,085.00 

920.00 

813.00 

1,845.00 

1,800.00 

1,790.00 

1,850.70 

986.00 

1,742.50 

1,087.00 

1,682.50 

2,765.00 

1,250.00 

1,522.75 

597.70 

288.00 

1,905.75 

1,875.00 

265.50 

242.31 

260.75 

870.00 

1,910.00 

566.00 

1,510.35 

125.00 

656.25 

995.00 

760.00 

295.00 

775.50 

1,587.55 

190.00 

556.00 

850.00 

1,506.75 

200.00 

3,200.00 

1,600.00 

400.00 

375.00 

754.50 


1,835.00 

1,422.50 

670.00 

1,230.00 

1,546.34 

1,173.35 

1,275.00 

1,003.75 

6S5.0O 

994.00 

""99o"o6 

2,792.50 

115.00 

878.27 

550.00 

'2^86.70 

1,970.00 

132.50 

210.00 

1,450.00 


473.10$ 

682.00 

541.00 

700.05 

603.86 

648.45 

529.50 

2,851.79 

2,259.66 
892.75 
618.95 
984.75 
874. 6i5 
400.50 

1,40^2.90 
652.00 

1,229.30 

3,047.45 
509.00 

1,033.85 
743.30 
587.00 
723.30 

1,411.50 
511.15 

1,064.50 
428.00 
408.35 
273.25 
767.05 
485.66 
830.00 

1,077.70 
66:^.92 
400.00 
762.00 

1,285.30 
421.25 

2,410.28 
611.50 
446.20 
578.10 
285.50 
563.90 
969.25 

1,177.94 
548.90 


827.60 

1,122.00 

306.40 

545.90 

835.55 

1,135.00 

1,517.16 

1,054.50 

859.25 

646.44 

575.05 

419.90 

3,161.60 

779.15 

832.50 

707.50 

895.00 


856.07 
225.54 
741.66 
657.85 
869.94 
021.23 
677.29 
275.73 
449.04 
207.43 
063.601 
106.841 
739.55 
047.48 


218.50 
87.70 
705.55 
244.34 
74.81 


$  1,240.28 


549.79 


41.77 
404.96 
263. 

11.07 


2,668.64 
3,410.77 

15,530.80 
4,241.78 
4,621.18 
3,096.65 
3,390.15 
3,959.38 
7,858.68 
2,635.31 
4,494.43 
1,443.00 
1,927.40 
1,483.25 
5,437.65 
2,270.60 
5,192.44 

17,136.09 
3,055.14 
2,114.20 
3,137.00 
5,949.50 
1,399.4? 
7,730.2^ 
3,704. 3{ 
2,610. 2i 
2,095.74 
2,271.42 
1,970.05 
4,878.66 
6,638.91 
2,724.29 
3,640.63 
7,205.37 
3,251.76 
6,743.95 
2,745.78 
2,909.75 
3,145.14 
3,512.43 
5,358.63 

10,651.77 
2,646.60 
2,879.05 
2,222.52 
1,252.44 

12,033.97 
4,434.96 
4,125.00 
1,882.75 
4,025.84 


160.20 


748.46 
926.21 


646.79__- 
12.12..-- 

533.77  — . 
20.31  .-_. 


241.18 


257.46 

"eelo 


1,144.41 

309.341 
176.87 


15.09 

"265^07 
408.27 
582.69 
160.00 


i    365.80 
324"63 


1,760.00 

9.10 

307.91 


508.56 
144.85 

60.03 
885.87 
593.20 
246.55 

24.80 


198.94 

301.90 

1,706.19 


193.58 
"466^84 
~""07 


195.06 
28.62 

495.22 


108.91 


815.53 


88.30 
85.74 


219.50 
419.06 


$   2,000. 


.00 


1,500. 
1,800. 
750. 
2,715. 
2,500. 
1,825. 


258,26' 


1,200. 
1,000. 


250. 


3,900.00 

'2'i90'o6 
5,500.00 
2,600.00 
4,000.00 

"3^500^00 

"2'66o?00 


314 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 
1912  FINANCIAL  STATEMENT  OF  COUNTY  AND  DISTRICT 


COUNTY  OR  DISTRICT 

a 

a 
xi 

c 
o 

Hi 

a 

Receipts 

1 

1 

p. 

a;  d) 

73 
< 

o 

67 

Montgomery,  Red  Oak  _  _ 

2,977.50 
7,005.50 
3,&48.29 
2,132.80 
6,606.20 
8,557.91 
7,582.26 
7,429.66 
3,163.71 
2,602.35 
3,884.00 

317.75 
5,534.25 
6,080.13 
2,000.55 
1,380.14 
3,184.10 
2,830.75 
3,900.38 
4,176.99 

876.30 
2,896.05 
5,954.92 
1,886.66 
2,970.85 
73,907.39 
2,143.95 
3,318.70 

228.86 
300.00 
219.10 
205.15 
221.65 
237.'S2 
288.25 
219.27 
243.45 
204.27 
225.96 
222.40 
218.45 
243.08 
181.90 
218.25 
234.48 
201.07 
208.00 
258.50 
36.50 
158.90 
206.09 
203.60 
211.45 
300.00 
179.05 
206.18 

3,206.36 
7,970.43 
4,852.35 

08 

Muscatine,    West  Liberty  

664.93 
987.96 

144^43 

V          32^29 
633.18 

m 

Muscatine,    Wilton   Junction 

70 
71 

O'Brien,    Sutherland    

O'Brien,    Sheldon  

2,337.95 
6,972.28 
8,795.43 
7,902.80 
8,282.11 
3,407.16 

72 
73 

74 

Page,    Clarinda  _._ 

Page,    Shenandoah  

Pocahontas,    Fonda    

75 

Pottawattamie,     Avoca    

76 

77 
78 

Poweshiek,    Malcom  

Poweshiek,    Grinnell  

Ringgold,   Tingley 

60.87 
45.62 
.85 
1,427.62 
91.43 
133.78 

2.867.49 

4,155.58 

541  00 

79 
80 
81 

Sac.    Sae   City 

Shelby,   Harlan  

Sioux,  Orange  City  _.    __ 

7,180.32 
6,414.64 
2,316.23 
1,598.39 
3,418.58 

82 

Story,    Ames    

Tama,   Toledo  _      _ 

84 

85 

Van  Buren,   Milton 

Wapello,    Eldon   __    .. 

131.00 

3,162.82 
4,168.38 
4,435.49 

«ft 

Warren,    Indianola  

87 
88 

Wayne,  Sewal 

Webster,    Pt.    Dodge 

Winnebago,    Forest    City 

53.46 
300.00 

966.26 
3,354.95 
6,163.01 

90 
91 

Winneshiek,   Decorah  

Woodbury,    Moville   

22.00 

343.27 

8,413.74 

329.54 

2,112.26 
3,525.57 

9? 

Woodbury,    Sioux   City _ 

82  0*^1.13 

93 

Worth,    Northwood    ..    __ 

2,652.54 

94 

Wright,   Clarion  

3,524.88 

Total    1912   

For  comparison,   1911 

$    29,453.66 

$  451,571.27 

$    20,860.32 

1  511,885.25 

$    30,865.13 

$  398,394.87 

$    20,471.58 

$  449,731.58 

•Overdraft  of  1911  included, 
t Grounds  leased. 


THIRTEEx\TH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  315 

FAIRS  IN  IOWA  RECEIVING  STATE  AID,  1912— Continued 


Disbursements 

Profit  and  Loss 

Assets  and 
Liabilities 

(N 

tc 

03 

w 

0) 

Q) 

s 

a 

S 

-w 

>. 

o 

a 

3 

3 

s- 

ea 

°S 

_g 

(-C 

11 

"3 

V: 

6 

2ia 

B 

3 

$  245,815.1 


316 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


TOTAL     ATTENDANCE     AND     ADMISSION     PEES     CHARGED     AT 
COUNTY  AND  DISTRICT  FAIRS  IN  IOWA  FOR  1912. 


COUNTY 


T  Outside  Gate 

Qua 

9 

Admissions 

Stre 

c 

c 
-2 

c 

a 

03 

<J 

OQ 

£ 

« 

o 

i^ 

rs 

D 

o 

Si 

03 

j3 

o 

X} 

JS 

b 

r^ 

•< 

« 

> 

O 

> 

Adair    

Adams    

Allamakee    

Audubon  

Benton     

Boone  (Ogden)   

Boone    (Boone)    

Bremer    

Buchanan    

Buena  Vista  

Butler    

Calhoun  (Manson)   

Calhoun    (Rockwell  City)   

Carroll  

Cass    (Atlantic)    

Cass   (Massena)   

Cedar   

Cerro    Gordo   

Chickasaw    (New   Hampton)    _ 

Chickasaw    (Nashua)    

Clayton    (National) ._. 

Clayton    (Strawberry    Point). 

Clayton     (Elkader)    

Clinton    (De   Witt) 

Crawford    

Davis    

Delaware   

Dickinson    (Spirit    Lake) 

Dickinson   (Milford)   

Fayette   (West  Union) 

Fayette  (Oelwein)   

Franklin    

Greene    

Grundy    

Guthrie    

Hancock    

Hardin   

Harrison     

Henry   (Mt.    Pleasant) 

Henry    (Winfield)    

Humboldt    

Iowa    (Marengo)    

Iowa   (Victor)    

Iowa    (Wilhamsburg-)    

Jackson     

Jasper    

Jefferson    

Johnson    

Jones    

Keokuk    

Kossuth     

Lee   (Donnellson)   

Lee   (West   Point) 

Linn    (Marion")    

Linn    (Central  City)   

Louisa    

Lyon   

Madison    

Mahaska     

Marion   

Marshall    (Rhodes)    

Marshall   (Marshalltown)    

Mills    

Mitchell    


000 
000 
500 
000 
000 
000 
103 
165 
70O 
000 
OOO 
000 
500, 

oooi 

OOO 
COO 
000 
000 
000 
000 
OOO; 
000 
130 
000 
.000 1 
000 

,500; 

,000, 
,200 
,000 
ISO 
OOO 
8S6 
,187 
000 
,000 
,000 
,500 
,000 
,01-2 
,035 
,521 
,300 
,000 
,000 
,559 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,500 
,540 
,000 
,500 
,357 
,880 
,500 
,731 
,500 
6,000 
5,800 
4,000 
33,500 
10,000 
5,000 


26 

,       .151 

$        .25 

25 

.15 

.25 

35 

.25 

.25 

36 

.25 

.35 

35 

.25 

a5 

.25 

35 

.10 

.25 

35 

.25 

.25 

35 

.15 

.25 

35 

.25 

.25 

35 

.25 

35 

.15 

.25 

35 

.35 

35 

35 

.15 

.35 

25 

.10 

.25 

35 

.15 

.35 

35 

.'^ 

50 

.25 

35 

.25 

.25 

35 

.25 

.25 

35 

.20 

.35 

35 

.25 

.25 

35 

.15 

.35 

35 

.16 

.25 

25 

.15 

.10 

.35 

.15 

.25 

35 

.25 

.25 

.35 

.25 

.25 

.35 

.35 

.50 

35 

.15 

.25 

.35 

.25 

.25 

35 

.35 

35 

.15 

.25 

.315 

.25 

.35 

.35 

.15 

.35 

.15 

.35 

.35 



^          .35 

.35 

.35 

.35 

.15 

.25 

.35 

.25 

.35 

.15 

.25 

.35 

.15 

.35 

.25 

.15 

.25 

.35 

.15 

.25 

.35 

.35 

.35 

.35 

.35 

.25 

.35 

.35 

.15 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.35 

.25 

.35 

.15 

.10 

.35 

.25 

.35 

.15 

.25 

.35 

.15 

.25 

.35 

.15 

.35 

.25 

.25 

.35 

.25 

.25 

.15 

.25 

.25 

.16 

.25 

.25 

.15 

,25 

.35 

.15 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.35 

.15 

.25 

$        .15 

$        .15 

.15 

.15 

.15 

.25 
.25 

.15 

.10 

.10 

.25 

.15 

.15 



.15 

.15 

.25 



.15 

.15 
.25 

r25 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.15 

.K 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.15 

.15 

.15 

.15 

.25 

.25 

.10 

.15 
.15 





.15 

.15 
.25 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.10 

.10 

.10 

.15 

.26 
.25 

.25 



.25 



.25 

.25 



.25 

.15 

'>l 

.If 

.15 

.15 

.If 

.If 

.25 

.25 

.15 

.25 

.10 

.15 

.25 

.15 

.15 

.15 

.25 

.26 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.15 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.15 
.25 

.15 

.15 

.15 

.16 

.15 

.25 

.26 

.25 

.25 

.15 

.10 

.15 

.15 

.15 

.15 

.15 

.25 

.15 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.15 

.15 

.15 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.25 

.15 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


317 


TOTAL  ATTENDANCE  AND  ADMISSION  FEES  CHARGED    AT   CO. 
AND  DISTRICT  FAIRS  IN  IOWA  FOR  1912— Continued 


o 
a 

as 

1 

Outside  Gate 
Admissions 

o 

Quarter 
Stretch 

COUNTY 

-2 

"5 

< 

□ 

1 

o 

> 

1 
2 
> 

o 

Monona   

2,288 
15,000 
5,829 
12,500 
8,500 
4,000 
5,930 
18,000 
18,000 
9,200 
3.975 
5,120 
5,182 
1,700 
10,500 
10,000 
7,000 
3,244 
6,000 
6,000 
7,056 
8,000 
1,500 
4,082 
3,366 
4,548 
3,500 
57,094 
3,500 
6,900 

.35 
.25 
.25 
.35 
.35 
.50 
.50 
.35 
.25 
.35 
.35 
.35 
•      .35 

1 

.35 

.35 
.25 
.85 
.25 

■M 
:S 

.50 
.50 
.25 
.50 

.25 

720 
.25 
.25 
.25 
.15 
.25 
.15 

lis 

.20 
.20 
.15 
.15 

'.15 
.15 

.15 
.15 
.25 
.15 

.25 
.25 

"25 

'11 

.15 

:li 

.35 
.25 
.25 
.25 
.25 
.35 
.25 
.25 
.15 
.25 

335 

:2s 

.25 
.25 
.35 
.25 
.26 
.25 
.15 

725 
.25 
.2£ 

.25 
.15 

'.20 

.15 
.15 
.25 
.10 
.25 

715 
.25 
.25 
.15 
.25 
.25 
.25 

7i5 

.10 
.15 

.25 

.15 
.25 
.20 

Monroe          _  -- 

15 

Montgomery     

Muscatine  (West  Liberty)   

Muscatine    (Wilton   Junction)    

O'Brien    (Sutherland)    

.25 
.20 

.15 

O'Brien    (Sheldon)    

Page    (Clarinda)       

.25 
.25 
.25 

725 
725 

1 

25 

Page  (Shenandoah)  

.25 

Pocahontas       

26 

Pottawattamie    

.15 

Poweshiek   (Malcom)   

.25 

Poweshiek    (Grinnell)    . 

.25 

Ringgold     

Sac  

Shelby    

Sioux    

it! 

".25 
.25 

Story    

Tama    

Van  Buren 

"""T2^ 

725 
.10 

Wapello  _ 

.25 

Warren    

.25 

Wayne   

Webster 

.15 

.25 
.15 
.10 
.50 
.IS 
.25 

Winnebago    

Winneshiek  _    -    

Woodbury    (MoviUe)    

Woodbury   (Sioux  City) 

Worth    -_       

.25 

Wright 

Total  attendance 

892,299 

1 

The   following  is   a   summary   of   tho   above  table: 


50c 

35c 

25c 

20c 

15c 

10c 

No 
charge 

General   admission   (outside  gates)— 

Adults    _ 

6 

69 

1 
19 

19 
24 
60 
39 

29 

23 

Children    .    

4 
— ... 

1 
1 

36 
6 
40 

18 

7 

2 
2 
6 

5 

2 

27 

Vehicles            _       —          —    

1 
1 

6 

Grand   stand   admissions    

Quarter   stretch    admissions- 

7 
41 

Vehicles                                    -          

61 

318  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


From  year  to  year  recommendations  have  been  made  with  a  view 
of  making  the  Department  of  Agriculture  more  efficient  and  of  more 
value  to  the  general  public. 

At  present  the  publications  of  the  Department  are  limited  to  the 
Iowa  Year  Book  of  Agriculture,  and  the  meager  sum  of  $2,400.00  per 
year  is  appropriated  for  the  salary  of  the  Secretary  and  clerical  hire. 
With  these  limitations  placed  upon  the  Department  it  is  impossible  to 
accomplish  as  much  as  we  should  like. 

Should  the  legislature  see  fit  to  make  a  more  generous  appropria- 
tion for  carrying  on  the  work  of  the  Department,  and  authorize  the 
printing  of  such  bulletins  and  pamphlets  by  the  State  Printer  as  the 
Board  might  recommend,  much  good  might  be  accomplished  and  a 
great  deal  of  information  given  to  the  public  that  would  be  of  value, 
but  which  is  now  dead  material  before  it  reaches  them  through  the 
annual  Year  Book. 

The  Crop  and  Farm  Statistics  collected  by  the  township  assessors 
and  tabulated  by  the  department  are  the  source  of  much  authentic  and 
valuable  data,  but  for  the  reason  that  provision  is  not  made  for  print- 
ing it  in  pamphlet  form  immediately  after  the  tabulation,  a  great  deal 
of  value  is  lost. 

The  report  of  the  Stallion  Registration  Division,  showing  the  name 
of  the  owner  and  name  of  each  stallion  qualified  for  public  service  in 
the  State  should  be  made  a  separate  report  and  placed  in  the  hands  of 
each  owner  and  veterinarian  directly  after  the  first  of  the  year,  if  the 
law  is  to  be  properly  enforced.  Other  bulletins  dealing  with  beef  pro- 
duction, the  dairy  industry,  prevention  of  cholera  among  swine,  poul- 
try raising,  care  and  selection  of  seed,  and  numerous  other  subtjects, 
should  be  prepared  and  mailed  out  at  a  time  when  they  would  be  of 
most  benefit  to  the  farmers. 

Going  a  little  further,  attractive  pamphlets  might  be  prepared  set- 
ting forth  the  state's  natural  advantages,  resources,  and  agricultural 
production  and  distributed  at  various  land  expositions  with  a  view 
of  encouraging  immigration  to  Iowa. 

In  other  words,  provide  the  means  for  making  the  Department  of 
Agricultural  a  bureau  of  information  on  all  subjects  pertaining  to  agri- 
culture and  live  stock  production,  and  a  department  to  furnish  reliable 
data  relative  to  the  agricultural  advantages  and  resources  of  our  State. 


IOWA  STATE   FAIR  AND   EXPOSITION. 

It  gives  me  pleasure  to  report  that  the  fifty-eighth  annual  exhibi- 
tion of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  and  Exposition  was  a  success  from  the 
standpoint  of  exhibits,  attendance  and  receipts.  As  to  the  educational 
features  and  value  of  the  fair  it  seems  to  be  the  universal  opinion  that 
it  out-ranked  any  of  the  preceding  fairs  in  this  respect.  This  was  very 
Concisely  stated  in  the  following  editorial  write-up  in  the  Iowa  Home- 
stead immediately  after  the  close  of  the  fair: 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


319 


"The  Iowa  State  Fair  is  not  an  event;  it  is  an  institution.  It 
is  a  university,  broader  in  its  scope  and  more  wide  spread  in  its 
appeal  than  the  state  institutions  of  higher  learning  at  Ames, 
Iowa  City  and  Cedar  Falls,  excellent  as  these  are.  It  is  a  clearing 
house  of  agricultural  and  industrial  ideas.  It  is  an  exposition,  of 
the  many  and  divers  things  which  have  united  to  make  Iowa  one 
of  the  really  rich  and  great  states  of  the  nation.  For  fifty-eight 
years  the  Iowa  State  Fair  has  been  growing  in  popularity  and  use- 
fulness until  it  stands,  in  1912,  at  the  very  pinnacle  of  its  educa- 
tional appeal  and  all  arounji  value.     *     *     *" 

The  attendance  for  1912  as  shown  by  the  ticket  auditing  department 
was  272,023,  an  increase  of  1,341  over  last  year.  While  this  is  an  at- 
tendance that  any  state  fair  might  be  proud  of,  it  did  not  come  up  to 
the  expectations  of  the  management.  Considering  the  added  features 
and  a  more  diversified  amusement  program  than  was  ever  put  on  at 
our  fair,  and  knowing  that  our  farmers  were  in  a  most  prosperous  con- 
dition and  amply  able  to  attend  the  fair  this  year,  the  management  had 
reason  to  expect  the  usual  increase  in  attendance,  which  would  have 
brought  it  up  to  about  300,000.  This  lack  of  increase  was  not  charge- 
able to  the  weather  for  practically  every  day  was  fair;  not  enough  rain 
fell  to  in  any  way  interfere  with  the  program  and  only  one  or  two 
days  were  at  all  threatening. 

We  believe  there  were  two  reasons  for  this  lack  of  increase.  The 
principal  reason  was  the  lack  of  co-operation  on  the  part  of  the  rail- 
roads by  failing  to  grant  reduced  rates  the  same  as  they  had  in  the 
past.  The  mere  fact  that  a  fair  can  advertise  excursion  rates  attracts 
a  great  number  of  people  and  is  the  source  of  a  large  amount  of  adver- 
tising that  the  fair  would  not  otherwise  receive.  We  believe  the  two 
weeks  of  rainy  weather  just  preceding  the  fair  delayed  threshing  to 
such  an  extent  that  practically  every  machine  in  the  state  was  in  opera- 
tion during  fair  week,  which,  no  doubt,  kept  away  quite  a  number  who 
would  otherwise  have  attended. 

The  following  is  the  attendance  by  days  compared  with  1911: 


Thursday    

Friday  

Saturday   

Sunday    

Monday    

Tuesday   

Wednesday    

Thursday 

Friday     

Total   


1912 


272,023 


1911 


3,090 

4,074 

7,503 

6,068 

27,957 

27,514 

18.902 

17,612 

40,602 

37,309 

60,379 

64,699 

58,643 

60,580 

38,831 

34,117 

16,116 

18,173 

270,682 


The  exhibit  at  the  1912  fair  was  made  by  1,662  exhibitors,  making 
a  total  of  16,315  entries  in  the  fourteen  departments.  This  was  an 
increase  of  72  exhibitors  over  last  year  and  they  made  a  slight  increase 
in  the  number  of  entries.  It  was  the  general  opinion  of  the  manage- 
ment and  the  agricultural  press  that  it  was  the  best  balanced  show 
ever  staged  on  the  Iowa  State  Fair  grounds.     That  all  departments 


820 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


were  well  filled  is  indicated  by  the  following  table  giving  the  number 
of  exhibitors  and  number  of  entries  in  each  department  compared 
with  1911: 


CO 

C<1 

rH 

O 

o 

©5 

H-2 

•  y.  <-! 

•  X  "—1 

•  C3 

|wS 

5" 

|«a 

S^ 

Horses    - 

143 

2.002 

140 

2.114 

Cattle    - 

84 

1,345 

92 

1,441 

Swine    

173 

2,384 

206 

2,886 

Sheep    

27 

646 

32 

691 

Poultry    - 

97 

1,508 

116 

1,361 

Agriculture    

144 

1,624 

U2 

1,033 

Pantry  

149 

2,122 

116 

1,577 

Dairy    

101 

102 

m 

69 

Horticulture                

36 
18 

628 
271 

48 
16 

639 

Floriculture    

245 

Fine  arts  

216 

2,805 

223 

3,355 

School  exhibits  = 

84 

050 

115 

613 

Dog  show 

71 

228 

309 

318 

Total    

1,662 

16,315 

1,590 

16,024 

The  horse  show  was  made  by  143  individual  exhibitors,  who  showed 
972  head  of  draft  and  light  harness  horses,  ponies  and  mules.  The 
number  exhibited  was  slightly  less  than  last  year,  owing  to  the  fact 
that  the  importations  of  some  of  the  prominent  exhibitors  were  de- 
layed in  Europe  on  account  of  the  strike  among  dock  hands  and 
therefore  could  not  be  fitted  for  exhibition  in  time  for  our  fair.  This 
loss  was  noticed  more  particularly  in  the  aged  stallion  classes,  the 
other  classes  being  practically  as  large  as  usual  and  the  quality  up  to 
standard.  Home  bred  animals  were  more  comspicuous  than  usual,  and 
especially  those  shown  by  Iowa  exhibitors.  The  remark  was  often 
heard  that  "This  is  a  breeders'  show  and  a  good  one." 

The  National  Draft  Horse  Breeders'  Futurity  established  by  the  Chi- 
<;ago  Daily  Live  Stock  World  for  yearling  stallions  and  fillies  created 
much  interest  and  was  pronounced  a  success  in  every  respect.  These 
futurities  have  been  secured  for  the  Iowa  State  Fair  for  the  coming 
two  years  and  should  result  in  much  good  by  encouraging  breeders 
to  develop  their  colts  in  hope  of  winning  these  special  prizes. 

There  was  an  excellent  showing  of  saddle  and  light  harness  horses 
and  the  management  regrets  that  they  found  it  necessary  to  show  a 
number  of  excellent  classes,  which  any  horse  show  might  have  been 
proud  of,  in  the  open  ring  where  comparatively  few  people  could  wit- 
ness them  to  advantage. 

There  were  the  usual  number  of  Shetland  ponies  and,  located  as 
they  were  in  the  center  of  the  new  cross  section  of  the  horse  barn, 
they  showed  to  advantage  and  proved  a  great  attraction  for  young 
Americans. 

The  following  tabulation  gives  the  number  of  exhibitors  and  number 
of  horses  entered  by  breeds  as  compared  with  1911: 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


321 


Breed 


1912  Fair 

1911  Fair 

No.  of 
Exhibitors 

No.  of 
Horses 
Entered 

No.  of 
Exhibitors 

No.  of 
Horses 
Entered 

35 

179 

SO 

243 

15 

90 

15 

71 

15 

100 

14 

90 

21 

148 

21 

100 

17 

89 

15 

42 

31 

120 

28 

106 

16 

60 

12 

44 

8 

36 

6 

38 

4t 

10 

5 

28 

12 

127 

18 

188 

2 

14 

2 

18 

7 

16 

9 

21 

8 

33 

7 

29 

U3 

972 

140 

1.016 

Percheron  

Clydesdale   

Shire   

Belgian    

Draft  geldings  and  mares... 

Standard  bred,   etc.   ^. 

Saddle   horses   

Morgan   

Hackney    

Shetland  ponies 

Welsh  ponies  

Ponies  other  than  Shetland. 
Mules    


Total 


In  the  cattle  division  84  exhibitors  showed  960  head  of  cattle;  63  8 
head  of  beef  cattle  and  322  head  of  the  dairy  type.  The  show  was  well 
balanced,  every  breed  being  represented  by  from  three  to  twenty-six 
herds,  except  the  Ayrshires  of  which  there  was  one  representative  herd 
of  twenty  head  shown  by  Adam  Seitz  of  Waukesha,  Wiscoinsin.  The 
showing  of  dairy  cattle  was  stronger  by  50  head  than  last  year,  whila 
the  beef  breeds  fell  off  about  140  head.  The  quality  was  up  to  the 
usual  high  standard  and  Iowa  exhibitors  were  well  represented  in  all 
classes. 

The  following  tabulation  gives  the  number  of  exhibitors  and  the 
number  of  cattle  exhibited  by  breeds  compared  with  1911: 


1912  Fair 

1911  Fair 

Breed 

No.  of 
Exhibitors 

No.  Cattle 
Entered 

No.  of 
Exhibitors 

No.  cattle 
Entered 

Short-horns  _          

26 
13 
7 
4 
6 
9 
4 
9 
3 
1 
3 

185 

157 
70 
49 
44 

133 
91 

117 
60 
20 
44 

27 
16 
8 

? 

6 
2 
3 

204 

Herefords  

Aberdeen-Angus    _ 

237 
108 

Gallo-way    

Polled  Durham                                    _    _. 

63 

82 

Red  Polled „ - 

Holstein-Friesian   

Jersey  ^ 

Guernsey  

Ayrshire    

Brown  Swiss 

89 
34 
96 
61 
36 
44 

Total    

84 

960 

92 

1,055 

The  conditions  incident  to  swine  raising  this  year  were  unusually 
discouraging  and  were  the  result  of  a  decreased  number  being  shown 
at  this  year's  show.  Hog  cholera  was  common  in  many  portions  of 
the  state  and  a  number  of  herds  were  not  shown  after  the  entries  had 
been  made.  One  hundred  and  seventy-three  exhibitors  showed  2,384 
swine,  a  decrease  of  33  exhibitors  and  403  head  of  swine  from  last 
21 


322 


iOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURES 


year.  Considering  the  conditions  this  is  a  showing  to  be  proud  of  and 
no  doubt  was  unequaled  by  that  of  any  other  state.  A  feature  of  the 
show  which  attracted  considerable  attention  was  the  awarding  of  the 
Live  Stock  World's  Poland  China  Futurity  prizes,  amoumting  to 
$420.00  for  boar  and  sow  pigs. 

The   following   tabulation  gives   the  number  of  exhibitors   and   the 
number  of  swine  shown  in  each  class  compared  with  1911: 


1912 

1911 

Breed 

No.  of 
Exhibitors 

No.  of 
Swine 

No,  of 
Exhibitors 

No.  of 
Swine 

Duroe  Jersey  

Poland   China   

Chester  White  

Hampshire 

60 
02 

26 

15 
7 
2 
1 

759 
725 
401 
297 
118 
63 
21 

81 
62 
36 
14 
9 
2 
2 

966 
702 
686 
303 

Berkshire    

Yorkshire    ___ 

Tamworth   

120 
68 

22 

Total    

173 

2,384 

206 

2,787 

The  sheep  show  was  somewhat  different  from  that  of  former  years, 
being  made  up  principally  of  American  bred  sheep.  The  foot  and 
mouth  disease  prevented  importations  from  arriving  in  time  for  our 
show.  Twenty-seven  exhibitors  showed  about  700  head  of  sheep,  a  de- 
crease of  75  or  100  from  last  year.  The  few  vacant  pens  in  the  east 
section  of  the  swine  barn  were  used  to  house  a  part  of  the  sheep  exhibit 
and  this  partially  relieved  the  situation.  However,  at  this  the  manage- 
ment found  it  necessary  to  build  temporary  pens  alongside  of  the  old 
sheds  in  order  to  take  care  of  the  exhibit.  Before  the  management 
can  expect  to  induce  exhibitors  to  bring  their  sheep  to  the  Iowa  State 
P'air  in  large  numbers,  and  otherwise  enhance  the  value  of  the  ex- 
hibit, more  adequate  quarters  must  be  provided  for  housing  and  show- 
ing the  sheep. 

The  poultry  department  was  in  many  respects  better  than  any  of 
the  previous  exhibits  at  the  fair.  The  management  incorporated  in  the 
premium  list  a  rule  limiting  a  non-resident  exhibitor  from  showing 
more  than  fifty  birds.  This  resulted  in  eliminating  the  professional  ex- 
hibitor or  huckster  who  picks  up  an  unworthy  lot  of  birds  for  classes 
where  competition  is  not  strong  and  makes  a  circuit  of  fairs  for  the 
premiums  he  can  win.  The  exhibit  was  made  by  ninety-seven  exhibi- 
tors, most  of  whom  were  from  Iowa,  and  they  showed  1,508  birds  of 
practical  breeds  for  Iowa  farmers.  The  egg  laying  contest  and  the 
educational  exhibit  made  by  the  poultry  division  of  the  Iowa  State 
College  at  Ames  proved  an  attractive  feature  to  all  who  visited  the 
poultry  building. 

The  exhibit  of  agricultural  products  was  by  far  the  best  in  years. 
The  center  section  of  the  building  was  well  filled  with  the  products  of 
field  and  garden,  and  down  each  side  along  the  walls  were  lined  the 
individual  farm  exhibits,  all  indicating  that  Iowa  would  harvest  a 
bounteous  crop  this  year. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  323 

The  south  end  of  the  building  was  well  filled  with  horticultural 
and  floricultural  exhibits,  and  with  the  new  tables  and  the  cement 
floor  put  in  place  during  the  past  year,  presented  an  attractive  and 
interesting  exhibit. 

The  exhibit  of  pantry  and  kitchen  products  in  the  balcony  of  the 
agricultural  building  was  much  larger  than  usual  and  necessitated  the 
addition  of  several  show  cases  to  take  care  of  the  increased  exhibit. 

In  the  dairy  section  of  the  building  were  exhibited  the  winning 
samples  of  creamery  and  dairy  butter,  cheese,  and  all  sorts  of  dairy 
utensils.  The  exhibit  of  the  Beatrice  Company  consisting  of  statuary 
reproduced  in  butter,  and  the  Food  and  Dairy  Commissioner's  booth 
which  dispensed  information  relative  to  the  adulteration  and  mis- 
branding of  food  stuffs,  proved  to  be  interesting  features. 

The  machinery  exhibit  was  the  largest  ever  assembled  at  the  Iowa 
State  Fair.  It  was  made  by  309  exhibitors  who  exhibited  every  con- 
ceivable piece  of  machinery  from  a  monkeywrench  to  steam  threshing 
outfits.  This  exhibit  is  appreciated  by  our  progressive  farmers  for  it 
brings  them  in  touch  with  all  the  latest  and  most  modern  farm  ma- 
chinery. Many  an  order  is  placed  during  the  show  for  up-to-date  im- 
plements that  will  lighten  the  labors  of  the  men  on  the  farm.  The  ex- 
hibitors in  the  machinery  hall  were  greatly  pleased  with  the  perm- 
anent floor  placed  over  the  exhibition  spaces  during  the  past  season. 
Exhibitors  who  were  unable  to  secure  floor  space  in  the  hall  and  were 
obliged  to  show  their  implements  in  tents  or  in  the  open  field  were 
unanimous  in  the  request  for  the  early  erection  of  the  other  half  of  the 
machinery  hall.  The  congestion  of  outdoor  machinery  exhibits  was 
greatly  relieved  by  the  addition  of  ten  acres  of  ground  in  the  south- 
west corner  of  the  grounds.  Streets  were  laid  out  through  the  addi- 
tional ground,  and  the  ground  south  and  west  of  machinery  hall,  so 
that  the  visitors  were  brought  in  close  touch  with  these  important  ex- 
hibits. 

The  exposition  building  was  packed  with  textile  and  fine  art  exhibits 
and  the  work  of  our  public  schools. 

The  Iowa  State  College  building  was  filled  with  many  interesting  and 
instructive  exhibits.  Instructors  and  students  were  in  charge  of  var- 
ious booths  and  departments  to  answer  questions  and  give  out  informa- 
tion relative  to  the  exhibits  and  the  work  being  done  at  the  college. 
The  college  exhibit  in  brief  is  a  week's  short  course  in  agricultural 
and  household  economics.  The  lectures  by  various  members  of  the 
faculty  in  the  small  auditorium  were  much  appreciated  by  the  visitors. 

The  boys'  judging  contest  was  the  largest  since  this  feature  has  been 
inaugurated,  ninety-nine  being  entered  in  competition  for  the  five  state 
college  scholarships. 

The  fish  and  game  exhibit  in  a  tent  east  of  the  stock  pavilion  at- 
tracted a  great  deal  of  attention.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  in  the  near 
future  the  fish  and  game  department,  by  authority  of  the  legislature, 
will  be  able  to  erect  and  maintain  a  permanent  building  on  the  grounds 
for  housing  this  attractive  and  educational  exhibit. 

One  of  the  many  new  features  added  this  year  was  the  Boys'  State 
Fair  Camp,  which  was  made  up  of  eighty-five  boys  from  as  many  dif- 


324  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

ferent  counties  in  the  state.  The  boys  were  selected  cm  the  competitive 
plan.  Each  was  required  to  write  an  essay  on  Iowa,  which  was  passed 
on  by  a  local  committee,  usually  made  up  of  the  county  superintend- 
ent of  schools,  acting  as  chairman,  the  secretary  of  the  county  or 
district  fair,  and  the  secretary  of  the  farmers'  institute  making  the 
other  two  members  of  the  committee.  The  expenses  of  the  boys,  in- 
cluding railroad  fare,  board,  and  sleeping  quarters  in  the  two  big 
tents  provided  for  the  camp,  were  paid  by  the  fair  management.  The 
boys  were  assigned  light  duties,  such  as  ushering  in  the  grand  stand 
and  stock  pavilion,  messenger  service,  and  leading  stock;  the  balance 
of  their  time  was  spent  in  viewing  the  exhibits  under  the  direction  of 
the  camp  superintendents,  who  were  especially  qualified  to  explain 
the  merits  of  all  exhibits.  The  boys  were  also  addressed  by  prom- 
inent men  of  the  state  at  their  assembly  tent.  Judging  from  the  es- 
says on  the  subject  "What  I  Saw  and  Learned  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair" 
written  by  the  boys  after  the  close  of  the  fair  and  filed  with  this  de- 
partment, they  spent  a  most  enjoyable  week  and  learned  by  observa- 
tion many  valuable  lessons  that  will  remain  with  them  through  life. 

Special  mention  should  be  made  of  the  Babies'  Health  Contest  held 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Iowa  Congress  of  Mothers  and  under  the  di- 
rection of  Mrs.  Mary  T.  Watts  of  Audubon,  Two  hundred  and  thirty 
babies  under  the  age  of  three  years  were  examined  for  physical  and 
mental  qualifications  by  a  corps  of  skilled  physicians  especially  quali- 
fied for  making  such  examinations.  Prizes  amounting  to  $280.00  of- 
fered by  the  fair  management  were  awarded  to  the  most  perfect  babies 
in  the  various  classes. 

The  bench  show,  conducted  under  the  auspices  of  the  Des  Moines 
Kennel  Club  and  the  fair  management,  brought  out  some  225  dogs, 
representing  all  breeds  from  the  poodle  to  the  large  blood-hounds.  It 
attracted  the  attention  of  a  large  number  of  visitors,  and  with  a  few 
changes  in  the  classification  can  be  made  a  much  larger  show  and  a 
permanent  feature  of  the  fair. 

The  amusement  features,  without  which  no  fair  is  complete,  were 
more  diversified  and  of  better  quality  than  ever  before  provided  for 
the  state  fair  visitors.  Three  of  the  best  bands  to  be  secured  and  two 
orchestras  furnished  music  in  the  various  buildings  and  at  convenient 
places  about  the  grounds.  The  reproduction  of  Cheyenne  Frontier 
Days  by  the  original  aggregation  that  puts  on  the  annual  show  at  Chey- 
enne, Wyoming,  was  a  deviation  from  the  usual  spectacular  production 
in  front  of  the  amphitheater  each  evening.  The  events  indulged  in  by 
the  Indians  and  cowboys  from  the  western  plains  proved  novel  and 
entertaining  and  was  well  patronized.  The  racing  each  afternoon, 
the  free  attractions,  and  the  aeroplane  flights  all  helped  to  make  up 
a  pleasing  and  well  balanced  amusement  program. 

The  total  receipts  of  the  193  2  fair  were  $185,701.21,  or  an  increase 
of  $6,151.54  over  the  1911  fair.  The  receipts  from  sources  other  than 
ticket  sales  were  $62,557.46,  an  increase  of  $4,518.29,  and  from  ticket 
sales  $123,143.75,  or  an  increase  of  $1,63  8.25  over  last  year's  fair. 

The  total  disbursements  on  account  of  the  1912  fair  were  $143,- 
968.89,  or  an  increase  of  $6,101.38  over  last  year.     Of  this  amount 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  325 

$58,139.15  was  paid  out  in  cash  premiums,  an  increase  of  $1,874.80 
Over  last  year.  The  other  large  items  of  expense  were  $26,739.45  for 
music,  night  shows  and  free  attractions,  and  $10,471.05  for  advertis- 
ing. 

The  net  profit  of  the  1912  fair  was  $41,732.32,  or  practically  the 
same  as  last  year.  The  attached  itemized  statement  sets  forth  in  de- 
tail the  receipts  and  disbursements  of  the  department  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  November   30,   1912. 

IMPROVEMENTS  MADE  DURING  1912. 

The  cost  of  permanent  improvements  added  to  the  grounds  during 
the  year  1912  amounted  to  $71,056.56.  This  includes  $9,625.00  of  the 
state  appropriation,  for  additional  land,  and  $61,3  81.56  of  this  amount 
was  paid  from  the  balance  carried  over  from  last  year  and  the  re- 
ceipts of  the  1912  fair. 

Among  the  principal  improvements  made  this  year  was  the  cross 
section  of  the  permanent  horse  barn,  built  of  steel  and  brick  at  a  cost 
of  $27,625.08.  This  structure  is  156x224  feet  and  stalls  156  draft 
horses  and  132  ponies.  It  also  made  it  possible  to  set  aside  the  center 
section  of  that  portion  of  the  permanent  barn  facing  Rock  Island  Ave- 
nue for  carriages  and  fancy  turn-outs  used  by  the  light  harness  horse 
exhibitors.  It  also  provides  room  for  the  office  of  the  superintendent, 
waiting  room  for  the  exhibitors,  an  assembly  room  for  meetings  of 
breeders'  associations,  shower  bath  rooms,  water  closets,  and  many 
other  conveniences  much  appreciated  by  the  exhibitors. 

The  additional  land,  consisting  of  seventy-seven  lots  which  were 
either  bought  at  private  sale  or  secured  through  condemnation!  pro- 
ceedings, cost  $12,814.05,  in  addition  to  the  $2,375  expended  for  this 
purpose  last  year.  With  the  streets  that  were  vacated  and  the  re- 
moval of  the  street  car  tracks  and  loop  about  ten  acres  of  ground  was 
added  to  a  much  congested  portion  of  the  grounds. 

About  one  half  of  the  proposed  street  car  entrance  was  erected  this 
year  at  a  cost  of  $5,081.73.  When  completed  this  station  will  make  it 
possible  to  load  or  unload  six  or  eight  cars  at  the  same  time  and  will 
greatly  facilitate  transportation  between  the  grounds  and  the  city. 

Two  sections  of  bleachers,  each  192  feet  long  and  seating  5,500  peo- 
ple, were  built  at  a  cost  of  $5,710.95  and  provided  comfortable  seats 
for  large  crowds  that  witness  the  afternoon  and  evening  performance 
in  front  of  the  amphitheater,  who  heretofore  were  obliged  to  stand  in 
the  paddock. 

Cement  floor  was  laid  over  the  exhibition  platforms  in  machinery 
hall  at  a  cost  of  $4,385.55.  The  agricultural  building  was  floored  at  a 
cost  of  $1,944.30.  Additional  cement  walks  cost  $1,358.99;  combina- 
tion curb  and  gutters  $494.15;  street  extensions  and  grading  $1,- 
609.38,  switchboard  at  distributing  station  and  extensions  to  light  lines 
$2,510.03;  moving  and  placing  in  good  repair  eleven  horse  barns  $2,- 
277.99;  fence  enclosing  additional  ground  $618.49;  and  numerous 
other- needed  improvements  fully  set  out  in  the  attached  statement, 
making  a  total  of  $71,056.56  for  the  year. 


326  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

ITEMIZED  STATEMENT. 


OF    RECEIPTS    AND    DISBURSEMENTS    OF    THE    IOWA   DEPARTMENT    OF   AGRICULTURE 
FOR    THE    FISCAL    YEAR   ENDING    NOVEMBER    30,    1912. 


RECEIPTS. 


Cash  balance  Dec.  1,  1911 $   18,036.99 

Receipts  from  sources  other  than  fair: 

Fees,  division  of  horse  breeding $  8,953.50 

Collections  use  of  grounds,  etc 1,530.78 

State  appropriation  for  land 7,000.00 

State  appropriation!  for   insurance 1,000.00 

Light  plant  salvage 1,300.00 

Sale  of  houses  on  added  ground 1,861.16 

Receipts  on  account  of   1911   fair 469.56 

Insurance  for  damages  to  Exposition  bldg.  .  106.00 

Interest  on  account 243.32 

Miscellaneous    receipts 115.50 


Total   receipts   from   sources   other  than 

fair $    22,579.82 

RECEIPTS    OF   FAIR. 

Stall  rent,  horse  department 1,745.00 

Stall  rent,  cattle  department 988.00 

Pen  rent,  swine  department 1,076.00 

Pen  rent,  sheep  department 138.00 

Coop    rent,    poultry    department 345.25 

Space  rental  poultry  department 386.20 

Space  rental  machinery  department 6,191.37 

Space  rental  and  concessions,  agr'l.  dept.  .  .  1,695.00 

Space  rental  and  concessions,  dairy  dept.  .  1,731.85 

Space  rental  and  concessions  exposition  bldg  2,890.00 

Concessions   and   privileges 23,632.85 

Entry   fees,   speed    department 6,166.00 

Sale   of  exhibitors  tickets 2,612.00 

Sale  of  forage 5,595.10 

Breeding  association  special  premiums.  .  .  .  4,894.46 

Bench    show 1,601.18 

Advertising  in  premium  list 695.50 

Collections  public  safety  dept 69.90 

Miscellaneous  receipts 103.80 

Total   receipts  of  fair   other   than  ticket 

sales $    62,557.46 

Ticket   sales   by  treasurer 123,143.75 

Total  receipts  of  fair $185,701.21 


Grand  total  receipts $226,318.02 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  327 

DISBUBSEMENTS. 

Disbursements  other  than  fair  or  improvements: 
Salaries    and    expense   stallion   registration 

department $  1,884.82 

Expense  on  account  of  1911  fair 294.40 

Annual  meeting  and  state  agr'l.  convention  540.02 

Office  furniture  and  supplies 117.38 

Insurance    premiums    550.63 

Expense  selling  light  plant  salvage 100.26 

Planting  rented  ground 156.98 

Repairing  exposition  building   (from  insur- 
ance)       106.00 

Expense  and  cleaning  grounds  when  rented 

for  aviation  meet,  etc 177.54 

Miscellaneous  expense 173.40 

Total  disbursements  other  than  fair  or  im- 
provement   $      4,101.43 

EXPENSE    OF    FAIE. 

Executive  committee  meetings 938.00 

.  Special  committee  meetings 1,211.54 

Express,  telegraph  and  telephone 479.28 

Postage  1,03  2.16 

Printing 3,013.17 

Advertising    10,741.05 

Music  and  attractions 26,739.45 

Light  and  power 1,052.64 

Water  during  August 294.97 

Supplies   stationery,   etc 356.08 

Forage 4,983.00 

Salaries  and  clerical  hire 2,290.25 

Board   meetings    280.00 

Assistants  and  foremen  (grounds  dept) ....  740.20 

Scavenger  work,  care  of  closets,  etc 679.25 

Track  work 320.75 

Cleaning  streets,  oiling,  etc 743.18 

Miscellaneous  labor  during  fair 625.16 

Cleaning  buildings  before  and  after  fair.  .  .  .  592.04 

Cleaning  grounds  before  and  after  fair.  ...  777.53 

Payroll  and  expense  president's  dept 512.50 

Payroll  and  expense  secretary  dept 659.25 

Payroll  and  expense  treasurer  dept 1,6.29.10 

Payroll  and  expense  concession  dept 1,635.45 

Payroll  and  expense  speed  dept 1,144.32 

Payroll  and  expense  horse  dept 1,458.10 

Payroll  and  expense  cattle  dept 93  0.05 

Payroll  and  expense  swine  dept 575.47 

Payroll  and  expense  sheep  dept 418.00 

Payroll   and   expense   poultry   dept 394.10 

Payroll  and  expense  machinery  dept 620.55 


328 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


Payroll  and  expense  agricultural  dept.  .  .  .  583.05 

Payroll  and  expense  dairy  dept 793.97 

Payroll  and  expense  horticultural  dept.  .  .  .  304.14- 

Payroll  and  expense  floricultural  dept 69.00 

Payroll  and  expense  fine  arts  dept 581.15 

Payroll  and  expense  school  exhibits  dept 219.40 

Payroll  and  expense  admissions  dept 2,613.45 

Payroll   and   expense  police  dept 3,964.30 

Payroll  and  expense  ticket  auditing  dept.  .  483.25 

One  half  expense  Iowa  State  College  exhibit  702.73 

Expense  of  boys'  judging  contest 47.00 

Payroll  and  expense  womans'  rest  cottage..  57.75 

Payroll  and  expense  dog  show 1,196.25 

Expense  boys'  camp 1,237.83 

Expense  babies'  health  contest 45.33 

Plants  and  flowers •  •  •  •  535.84 

Freight  and  drayage 70.85 

Premium  ribbons  and  badges 834.68 

Hauling  manure 233.00 

Miscellaneous   ground   supplies 296.65 

Tan  bark  and  saw  dust 149.50 

Refund    on   admissions 9.50 

Expense  Iowa  pioneer  day 131.75 

Dues  American   trotting   association 100.00 

Ground  rental  for  aviation  field  and  plowing 

demonstrations   175.50 

Building    decorations 800.00 

Placing  and  removing  chairs  in  amphitheater.  120.00 

Rental  for  tents,  chairs,  cots,  etc 569.76 

Refund  of  special  premiums  not  awarded.  .  265.00 

Care  of  water  system  during  fair 170.00 

State  day  banquet 126.25 

Coal  and  firemen  administration  bldg.  din- 
ing halls 109.07 

Miscellaneous  signs 55.75 

Miscellaneous  expense  of  fair 311.45 

Total  expense  of  fair  other  than  premiums 

PREMIUMS  PAID. 

Horses $  14,940.00 

Cattle .  11,738.00 

Swine ' 4,042.00 

Sheep 2,306.00 

Poultry 1,112.50 

Agricultural  products 4,059.00 

Pantry  and  kitchen  products 797.50 

Honey  and  bees 295.00 

Fruit 1,139.25 

Dairy  products 627.00 

Plants   and   flowers 1,382.40 


$    85,829.74 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


329 


Fine  arts 1,662.50 

School  exhibits 430.00 

Iowa  State  College  scholarships 650.00 

Speed  premiums 12,360.00 

Dog  show 318.00 

Babies'  health  contest 280.00 

Total  premiums  paid   

Total  expense  of  fair 

PEBMANENT   IMPEOVEMENTS. 

New  horse  barn $  25,325.08 

Additional  land 12,814.05 

Street  car  entrance 5,081.73 

Bleachers 5,710.95 

Cement  floor  machinery  hall 4,385.55 

Balance  on   1911   contract  and  steel   work 

on  machinery  hall 1,348.10 

Cement  floor  agricultural  bldg 1,944.30 

Street  extensions  and  grading 1,609.38 

Walks  and  curbing .  1,358.99 

Tools  and  implements 327.94 

Administration  building  improvements....  379.05 

Administration  building  furnishings 231.59 

Cattle   barns 102.15 

Sanitatry  closets  (balance  on  1911  contract)  100.75 

Sheep  bams. 129.32 

Speed  barns 791.12 

Swine  pavilion 40.23 

Womans'  rest  cottage 11.37 

Miscellaneous  gradin? 3  31.10 

Water  distribution  system  (extensions) ....  186.31 

Drainage 400.21 

Switchboard  and  extensions  to  light  system  2,510.03 

Combination  curb  and  gutter 494.15 

Culvert  north  of  agricultural  bldg 86.80 

Fence  enclosing   additional  land 618.49 

Agricultural  building,  booths,  tables,  etc..  382.32 

Moving  and  repairing  horse  barns 2,277.99 

Platting  camp  grounds 420.52 

Shower  baths 227.58 

Ticket  booths 95.75 

Fly  traps 56.25 

Lawn  seats  and  camp  chairs 222.50 

Turnstiles 110.00 

Permanent  ground  plans 61.74 

Speed   department  uniforms 76.70 

Horse   show  ring 49.45 

Cash  register  (forage  dept.) 25.00 

Ticket  punches 29.25 


$   58,139.15 
$143,968.89 


330  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Hose  and  hose  carts 23.60 

Ticket  boxes 54.00 

-    Sanitary  drinking  fountains 48.00 

Chairs  for  amphitheater 60.75 

Garbage  cans 150.00 

•  Miscellaneous   improvements 366.42 

Total  improvements    $   71,056.56 

MAINTENANCE    OF    GROUNDS    AND    BUILDINGS 

Superintendent  of  grounds  and  assistants.  .$  1,138.05 

Track  work 360.43 

Water  distribution  system 64.99 

Water  Dec.  1st  to  Aug.  1st 194.96 

Hauling  manure  from  speed  barns 164.30 

Dragging  streets 66.82 

Painting    2,316.51 

Mowing  grass  and  weeds 595.57 

Keep  of  mule  team  (feed  and  shoeing) ....  184.85 

Implement  and  harness  repairs ^     130.87 

Miscellaneous  hardware  for  repair  work 90.38 

Miscellaneous    metal    repair   work    (eaves 

troughs,    etc.) 163.26 

Shoveling  snow  from  roofs 223.60 

Cleaning  out  ditches  and  tile  drains 83.80 

Grass   seed 26.25 

Repairs  to  boilers   (dining  hall) 69.05 

Miscellaneous  labor  on  repair  work 701.82 

Total  maintenance  of  grounds  and  bldgs.  $      6,575.51 


Grand    total    disbursements $225,702.39 

Cash  balance  on  hand 615.63 


To  balance $226,318.02 

Summary   and   reconciliation   of   account  with   treasurer: 

Cash  balance,  Dec.  1.  1911 $   18,036.99 

Receipts  other  than  fair 22,579.82 

Receipts   of    fair 185,701.21 

Grand  total  receipts $226,318.02 

Disbursements    other   than    fair   or   improve- 
ments      $     4,101.43 

Expense  of  fair 143,968.89 

Permanent  improvements    71,056.56 

Maintenance  of  buildings  and  grounds 6,575.51 

Total    disbursements $225,702.59 


Balance  on  hand 615.63 

Warrants  outstanding 563.84 


Oa§li  balance  i^  treasury  Dec.  1,  1912.  ...  $     1,179.47 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  331 

REPORT  OF  TREASURER. 

Mr.   G.   S.    Gilbertson,  treasurer  of  the   State  Department  of 
Agriculture,  made  the  following  reports: 
To  The  Directors  Of  The  Iowa  State  Board  Of  Agriculture. 

Gentlemen:     I  present  herewith  report  of  receipts  and  disbursements 
for  year  ending  November  30,  1912,  as  follows: 

RECEIPTS. 

Balance  on  hand  November  30,  1911 $   18,246.84 

Received  from  sale  of  tickets  as  follows: 

General   admissions    (day) $  75,117.25 

General  admissions  (evening  after  5  p.  m.).  .  3,016.50 

Campers  tickets    3,138.00 

Day  paddock  and  bleachers 4,977.00 

Day  amphitheater,    (reserved  at  50  cents)..  8,550.50 

Day  amphitheater,  (reserved  at  75  cents)...  .  4,432.00 

Day  amphitheater,   (reserved  at  $1.00) 1,280.00 

Evening  paddock  and  bleachers 7,484.75 

Evening  amphitheater,   (reserved  at  50  cents)  6,892.50 

Evening  amphitheater,  (reserved  at  75  cents)  3,848.75 

Evening  amphitheater,   (reserved  at  $1.00)..  833.00 

Quarter  stretch  tickets 419.75 

Live  stock  pavilion  (reserved) 3,010.00 

Live  stock  pavilion  (standing) 143.75 

Total  ticket  sales    $123,143.75 

Received  from  superintendents  of  departments  as  follows: 

Fair  grounds $  2,780.78 

Fine  arts 2,890.00 

Machinery 6,191.37 

Dairy    1,731.85 

Agriculture   and  horticulture 1,695.00 

Horses    1,745.00 

Cattle    988.00 

Swine    1,076.00 

Sheep  and  poultry 869.45 

Concessions  and  privileges 23,632.85 

Exhibitor's  tickets 2,612.00 

Appropriations    8,000.00 

Police    69.90 

Forage   5,595.10 

Speed .  6,166.00 

Special  association  premiums 4,894.46 

Horse  breeding 8,953.50 

Secretary  miscellaneous 5,002.70 

Interest        243.32 

Total  receipts  other  than  ticket  sales...  $   85,137.28 

Grand  total  receipts    $226,527.87 


332  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

Paid   expense    warrants $167,304.35 

Paid  premium  warrants 58,044.05 

Balance  on  hand,  November  3  0,  1912 1,179.47 

Total    $226,527.87 

Respectfully  submitted  this  10th  day  of  December,   1912. 

G.  S.  GILBERTSON, 

Treasurer. 


Des  Moines,  Iowa,  December  10,  1912. 

To  The  Directors  Of  Iowa  State  Board  of  Agriculture: 

Gentlemen:  This  is  to  certify  that  there  was  on  deposit  in  the  Iowa 
Trust  &  Savings  Bank  on  November  30,  1912,  to  the  credit  of  G.  S. 
Gilbertson,  Treasurer  of  the  Iowa  Department  of  Agriculture,  the  sum 
of  Eleven  Hundred  Seventy-nine  Dollars  and  Forty-seven  Cents  ($1,179.47). 

Yours  very  truly, 

A.  O.  HAUGE, 

Cashier. 


ITEMIZED  STATEMENT 

SHOWING    COST   OF   CROSS    SECTION   OF   HORSE   BARN. 

J.  E.  Lovejoy  on  contract $   21,600.00 

Automatic  feed  racks    890.91 

Filling  as  per  contract 875.00 

Two  metal  doors 220.00 

Six  ventilators  and  ornament  for  front 265.00 

Architect  fees 701.97 

Engineer's  fees,  measuring  fill 18.00 

Advertising  for  bids 30.00 

Labor  laying  drains 105.63 

Retaining  wall  between  horse  and  pony  stalls  38.66 

Labor  placing  temporary  stalls  along  west  wall  101.85 

Cement  washstands,  buggy  section 55.08 

Pipe  and  fittings  for  water  connections 49.15 

Drain  pipe  and  tile 84.06 

Steel  lintels  over  doorways,  old  section 14.75 

Miscellaneous  labor,  grounds  pay  roll 275.02 


Paid  to  date $   25,325.08 

Due  J.  E.  Lovejoy  on  contract 2,300.00 


Total  cost    $   27,625.08 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  333 

ITEMIZED  STATEMENT 

SHOWING    COST    OF    STREET    CAR    ENTRANCE. 

Contract,  Des  Moines  Bridge  and  Iron  Works.  $  3,539.00 

Cement  floor 778.92 

Making  fill  and  grading  around  entrance.  ...  560.00 

Labor,  etc.,  setting  division  fence 81.41 

Miscellaneous  labor,  grounds  pay  roll 97.15 

Lumber  for  housing  turnstiles 25.25 

Total   cost    $      5,081.73 

ITEMIZED   STATEMENT 

SHOWING   COST   OF   BLEACHERS. 

Lumber  bill $  4,176.11 

Nails  and  hardware    90.75 

Foundation,  cement  and  labor 251.75 

Engineer's    services,    laying    out    and    giving 

levels    52.50 

Carpenter  work,  etc 1,139.84 

Total  cost $      5,710.95 

ITEMIZED   STATEMENT 

SHOWING    COST    OF    MACHINERY    HALL    FOR    WHICH    THE    THIRTY-FOURTH 
GENERAL  ASSEMBLY   APPROPRIATED   $65,000.00. 

James  Horrabin,  Des  Moines,  for  culvert  under 

building   $  3,293.10 

Massillon  Bridge  &  Structural  Co.,  Massillon, 

Ohio,  on  contract  for  steel  work 30,789.88 

J.  E.  LovQjoy,  Des  Moines,  on  general  contract  31,456.80 
James    Horrabin,    Des    Moines,    contract    for 

making  fill  and  grading  around  building.  . .  5,401.11 

O.  O.  Smith,  architect  fees 2,000.00 

A.   E.   Holmes,   engineering  work,  laying  out 

building,  measuring  pits  and  fill 125.00    • 

Advertising  for  bids 77.85 

Extras,  metal  work,  etc 487.10 

Miscellaneous     work     by     superintendent     of 

grounds    635.25 

Cindering  walks  and  aisles 647.35 

Total  expenditure  during  1911 $   74,913.44 

Expenditures  during  1912 — • 

Balance  on  1911  contracts $  487.80 

Additional  steel  work 686.80 

Change  in  drains 34.90 

Re-surfacing  aisles 88.60 

Steel  gates  for  main  entrance 50.00  1,348.10 


334  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Cement  flooring — 

Potts  Bros.,  as  per  contract $  4,354.75 

Engineer's  services,  giving  levels 11.50 

Advertising  for  bids 8.50 

Drawing  and  prints  of  floor  plan 10.80 


Cost  of  floor 4,385.55 

Total  cost  of  Machinery  Hall $   80,647.09 

ITEMIZED   STATEMENT 

SHOWING    COST    OF    SANITAKY    CLOSETS    FOE    WHICH    THE    THIBTY-FOUBTH 
GENERAL    ASSEMBLY    APPROPBIATED    $8,000.00. 

Pray   &,    Comerford,   Des   Moines,   Iowa — 

Contract  for  plumbing $      5,833.46 

J.    E.    Love-joy,    contract   for    alternations    to 

rooms  for  closets  under  grandstand 2,500.75 

Five  cesspools  for  closets: 

Brick,  tile  and  cement $         122.86 

Water  pipe  and  fittings 71,77 

Five  sewer  rings  and  covers 24.50 

Labor  by  superintendent  of  grounds 212.30  431.43 

Metal  closet  signs 7.50 

Architect  fees   235.06 

Advertising  for  bids 9.79 


Total  cost  of  closets $      9,017.99 

ITEMIZED   STATEMENT 

OF    LAND    PURCHASED    FOB    ADDITION    TO    STATE    FAIB    GROUNDS    FOB    WHICH    THE 
THIBTY-FOUBTH     GENEBAL    ASSEMBLY     APPBOPBIATED     $12,000. 

The  following  lots  were  purchased  by  the  Interstate  Realty  Com- 
pany, W.  H.  Harwood,  secretary,  held  in  trust  and  deeded  to  the  State 
of  Iowa  June  6,  1912: 

Lots  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  and  8,  block  A $         700.00 

Lots  21  and  22,  block  D 200.00 

Lots  9,  10,  11,  12  and  13,  block  A 500.00 

Lots  14  and  15,  block  A  (improved) 450.00 

Lots  9,  10,  11  and  12,  block  D 425.00 

Lots  9,  10,  11  and  12,  block  E 425.00 

Lots  3  and  4,  block  E 200.00 

Lot  24,  block  D    175.00 

Lots  1  and  2,  block  F 160.00 

Lots  5  and  6,  block  F 160.00 

Lots  9,  10  and  11,  block  F 350.00 

Lots  12,  13  and  14,  block  F 315.00 

Lot  16,  block  F 125.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  335 

Lots  17  and  18,  block  F  (improved) 400.00 

North  one-half  lots  25,  26,  27  and  28  and  lot 

24,  block  F  (improved)    1,000.00 

Lots  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7  and  8,  block  H 800.00 

Lots  21  and  22,  block  H  (improved) 400.00 

Lots  26,  27  and  28,  block  H  (improved) 1,200.00 

Lots  19,  20  and  21,  block  F  (improved) 900.00 

Lots  22  and  23,  block  F  (improved) 350.00 

Lot  23,  block  D   91.00 


$      9,326.00 


Lots  condem'ned  May   16,   1912 — 

Lots  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  26,  27  and 

28,  block  A $      1,000.00 

Lots  23,  24  and  25,  block  H  (improved) .  .  .        1,500.00 

Lot  15,  block  F  (improved) 500.00 

Frank    Thompson,    damages    for    vacating 

property  at  33  07  Logan  avenue 10.00 

To  expense  of  sheriff's  jury 39.50 


$      3,049.50 


Lots  condemned  June  21,  1912: 

Lots  16,  17  and  18,  block  A $         300.00 

To  expense  sheriff's  jury 29.75 


$         329.75 
To  additional  deposit  with  sheriff  on  account 

of  increase  in  award  to  Eva  Brown  et  al.  by 

trial  jury  in  the  district  court 500.04 

Commission  to  Interstate  Realty  Company  for 

purchasing  lots  for  state 932.60 

Expense    of   moving   and    repairing   Schmuck 
house: 

H.  M.  Kinsell,  moving  house $         125.00 

Jas.  Fredregill,  digging  cellar  and  building 
foundation   

Repair  work,  grounds  pay  roll  ....... 

J.  R.  McHenry,  plastering 

Lime  and  cement 

Wall  paper  replaced 

Connecting  gas  .  . . , 


68.75 

46.05 

13.60 

5.40 

4.11 

3.60 

Expense    moving    and    repairing    Cruikshank 

house: 

C.  S.  Cooter,  lot  1,  block  E $         200.00 

A.  Cruikshank,  damages  for  trees,  etc 194.60 

H.  M.  Kinsell,  moving  house 75.00 

W.    R.    Quinnett,   building   foundation   and 

chimineys    48.00 


266.51 


336 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


Rebuilding     out     buildings,     fences,     etc., 

grounds  pay  roll '.  .  .  90.32 

Lumber 5.3  0 

Brick  for  foundation 15.66 

Lime  and  cement 6.60 

635.48 

Miscellaneous  Expense: 

For  abstracting $  61.25 

For  recording  deeds 14.45 

Auctioneer  selling  houses 20.00 

Refund  for  barn  sold 17.00 

Advertising   bouse   sale   and   condemnation 

notice   29.72 

Insurance  purchased  on  Engleman  house.  .  .  5.75 

148.17 

Total  cost $    15,189.05 

Receipts    for    Purchasing    Land — 

State  appropriation $   12,000.00 

From  sale  of  houses 1,506.50 

Insurance  on  house  sold 5.45 

Sale  of  lots  3  and  4,  block  E,  by  Interstate     . 

Realty  Company   220.00 

Refund   from   sheriff   on  account  of  settle- 
ment with  Eva  Brown  et  al 129.21 

Total  receipts    $   13,861.16 

Amount  in  excess  of  appropriation $      1,327.89 

The  following  is  a  statement  showing  amount  expended  for  improve- 
ments within  the  past  eleven  years  from  receipts  of  fair  and  from 
state  appropriations,  also  amount  paid  in  cash  prizes  during  the  same 
period: 


Year 


Amount  of 
Improve- 
ments from 
FairReceipts 


Amount  of  Improvements 
by  Appropriation 


Total  Amt. 
Improve- 
ments in 
Eleven  Years 


Amount 
Paid  out  for 
Cash  Prizes 


1902 

1903_. 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

$        26,457.00 
17,855.00 
12,640.00 
11,963.00 
30,035.00 
41,459.00 
53,663.00 
50,208.00 
24,360.00 
31,775.00 

64,056.00 

$       37.000.00  Stock   Pavilion 
47,000.00  Agr'I  Bldg. 

75,000.00  Swine  Barn 

100,000.00  Amphitheater 

65,000.00  Machinery  Hall 
8,000.00  Closets 
6,000.00  Land 
7,000.00  Land 

$  63,457.00 
17,855.00 
59,640.00 
11,693.00 
30,035.00 

116,459.00 
53,663.00 

150,208.00 
24,360.00 

100,775.00 
71,056.00 

$  21,736.31 
23,813.13 
24,691.68 
28,556.89 
31,703.94 
35,504.79 
38,744.56 
42,262.76 

1910 

1911 

1912 

49,717.50 

56,264.35 
58,139.15 

$     364,471.00 

$      344,000.00 

$      708,471.00 

$      411,135.06 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


337 


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8    S    8    8    8 


g    88 


i  I 


g  «si 


§    8 

i  i 


53         ?H 


i  6  ^ 


b    M 


I  i 
I  I 
I  I 
I  i 
I  I 
I    I 


!      I 

i    ! 

I        I 


.2      «s      2 


3  a  OT  a  »-' 
S  .S  »  o  -g 
a    S    3    S    ;2; 


+j         O         03 

o    3    3 
iz;    o    o 


22 


338 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


CONDENSED    FINANCIAL    STATEMENT    OF    THE    STATE    DEPARTMENT 

Showing  Receipts  and  Disbursements  of  Iowa  State  Fair  and  Other  Sources 

Repairs,  etc.,  and  Net  Profit  of 


Receipts 

Year 

is 

a 
o 

ii 

U 

.2" 

>> 

Is 

3 

o 

n 
a 

g 

c. 
E 

3 

s 

o 

1896    — - 

1901    — 

1902 

1903 

$         116.79 
28,616.55 
34,244.93 
30,372.25 
28,963.11 
29,657.23 
39,976.34 
50.294.87 
35,327.90 
25,328.73 
4,985.25 
7,283.44 
18,036.99 

$    36,622.10 
50,712.91 
63,084.71 
59,838.56 
66,100.36 
84,786.25 
110,929.85 
104,356.75 
138,764.66 
137,307.40 
157,259.77 
179,549.67 
185,701.21 

$      7,000.00 

1,000.00 
38,000.00 

1,000.00 
48,000.00 

1,000.00 

1,000.00 
76,000.00 

1,000.00 
101,000.00 

1,000.00 
78.000.00 

8,000.00 

$  6,710.22 
2,753.82 
3,037.06 
3,140.79 
2,622.06 
2,840.92 
3,717.16 
5,452.34 
3,262.95 
5,257.42 

14,658.30 
5,275.72 

14,579.82 

$    50,332.32 
54,466.73 
104,121.77 
63,979.35 
116,722.39 
88,627.17 
115,647.01 
185,908.09 
143,027.61 
243,564.82 
171,918.07 
262,825.39 
208,281.03 

$    50,449.11 
83,083.28 
138,366.70 
94,351.60 
145,685.50 
118,284.49 
155,623.35 
236,103.96 
178,355.51 
268,893.55 
176,908.32 
270,108.83 
226.318.02 

$    16,404.29 
19,203.83 
21,736.31 
23,813.13 
24,691.68 
28,730.89 
31,703.94 
35,504.79 
38,744.56 
42,262.76 
49,717.60 
50,264.35 
68,139.15 

$  15,351.06 
13,925.87 
20,073.34 
21,989.56 

1904    

1905    

1906 

1907    

1908    

1909    

28,485.42 
34,408.62 
40,315.60 
43,647.20 
55,848.65 
66,968.12 

1910    

1911    

1912    

80,513.68 
81,603.16 
85,829.74 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


339 


OF  AGRICULTURE  FOR  YEARS  OF  1896  AND   1901  TO   1912,   INCLUSIVE. 

and    Expenditures,    Together    with    Amount    Expended    for    Improvements, 
Fair  for  Each  of  the  Years  Named. 


Disbursements 

Profits  of  Fair 

Is 

p. 
.5  2-3 

^  tU3.Q 

tt)-w 

ifa 

u 

a 

o 

i 

o 

1 

Si 
§ 

'is.? 

mi 

PL) 

'a 
o 

0 

S3 

O 

ft 

5 

$    7,471.95 
12,378.73 
63,457.12 
17,855.77 
59,641.11 
11,963.09 
30,085.33 



$  14,019.88 
2,313.44 
2,608.69 
1,704.83 
3,1S5.43 
3,345.27 
3,385,87 
5,043.03 
4,975.50 
4,379.91 
14,740.26 
4,429.29 
4,101.43 

$  53,247.28 

48,821.87 

107,875.46 

65.363.29 

116,013.64 

78.447.87 

105,440.74 

200,654.07 

153,231.98 

263,814.37 

169,332.42 

252,071.84 

225.702.59 

$        152.84 

34.244.98 

30,372.25 

28.963.11 

29,657.23 

39,976.34 

50,294.87 

35,327.90 

25,328.73 

4,985.25 

7,283.44 

18,036.99 

616.63 

16.48 
118.99 
25.20 
14.63 
139.81 
112.26 
176.19 
381.39 
332.39 
287.46 
209.85 
563.84 

$  53,400.12 
83,083.28 
138,366.70 
94,351.60 
145,685.50 
118,284.40 
155,623.35 
236,103.96 
178,355.51 
268,893.55 
176,903.32 
270,108.83 
226,318.02 

$  36,622.10 
50,712.91 
63.064.71 
59,838.56 
66,100.36 
84,786.25 
110,929.85 
104,356.75 
138,764.66 
137,307.40 
157,259.77 
179,549.67 
185,701.21 

$  31,807.35 

33,129.70 

41,809.65 

45.802.69 

53,177.10 

63,139.51 

72,459.89 

79,151.99 

94,593.21 

109,225.88 

130,231.18 

137,867.51 

143,968.89 

$  4.81175 
17.583.21 
21.276.06 
14,035.87 
12.823.26 
21.646.74 
38,470.46 

16,459.05 
53,663.69 

150,208.58 
24,360.98 

109,775.04 

25,204.76 
44,171.45 
28,081.52 
27,028.50 
41,682.16 

71,066.56 

$    6,575.51 

41.732.32 

340 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


PREMIUM  WARRANTS. 


8-24 

9625 

8-24 

9626 

8-24 

9627 

8-24 

9628 

8-24 

9629 

8-24 

9630 

8-24 

9631 

8-24 

9632 

8-24 

9633 

8-24 

9634 

8-24 

9635 

8-24 

9636 

8-26 

9637 

8-26 

9638 

8-26 

9639 

8-26 

9640 

8-26 

9641 

8-26 

9642 

8-26 

9643 

8-27 

9644 

8-27 

9645 

8-27 

9646 

8-27 

9647 

8-27 

9648 

8-27 

9649 

8-27 

9650 

8-27 

9651 

8-27 

9652 

8-28 

9653 

8-28 

9654 

8-28 

9655 

8-28 

9656 

8-28 

9657 

8-28 

9658 

8-28 

9659 

8-28 

9660 

8-28 

9661 

8-28 

9662 

8-28 

9663 

8-28 

9664 

8-28 

9665 

D.  O.  Alleman  $  270.00 

L.  H.  Horner 160.00 

O.  H.  Myers 360.00 

J.   S.   Ware    20.00 

Sam  Hawley 120.00 

C.  W.  McMillan  (for  Dan'l  Haring) 100.00 

H.  W.  Buckbee  40.00 

B.  Sholes 15.00 

D.  Brant  30.00 

W.  E.  Trapp   72.50 

C.  B.   Irwin 137.50 

W.  M.  Scott  75.00 

Geo.  C.  Anderson  (for  Matt  Kane) 80.00 

King  Hill  Stock  Farm  12.50 

O.  H.  Myers 270.00 

H.  W.  Brown   360.00 

Chas.  W.  Kenyon 160.00 

E.  G.  Bohanan 80.00 

Chet  Kelly 40.00 

Wm.  Beecroft 50.00 

Frank  E.  Strahan 100.00 

W.  Trapp 22.50 

Chet  Kelly 12.50 

0.  H.  Myers 225.00 

H.  W.  Buckbee  100.00 

Ralph  0.  Childs  225.00 

E.  Russell    ■. 200.00 

F.  C.  Caine 50.00 

C.  F.  Adams   50.00 

Finnicum  &  James   25.00 

Porter  Bros 50.00 

John  D.  Sprague  450.00 

Oscar  Ames   25.00 

H.  H.  Smith   225.00 

Geo.  C.  Anderson  100.00 

L.  E.  Kasserman  15.00 

Dick  McMahon   450.00 

Riever  Bros 100.00 

Ed  Farnsworth 150.00 

Joe  McLaughlin   450.00 

King  Hill  Stock  Farm 150.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  341 

8-28  9666     Fred  S.  Clark  37.50 

8-28  9667     Chas.  R.  Allen 495.00 

8-28  9668     Chas.    Hardie    100.00 

8-28  9669     G.    Spicer    75.00 

8-28  9670     H.  J.  McKenna  70.00 

8-29  9671     W.  H.  Smollinger 140.00 

8-29  9672    W.  M.  Anderson  75.00 

8-29  9673     C.  E.  Cameron   150.00 

8-29  9674    Oakwood  Stock  Farm  352.50 

8-29  9675     H.  W.  Prentice 7.00 

8-29  9676     Fred   Kraemer    7.00 

8-29  9677     M.  J.  McAhern 2.00 

8-29  9678     Normandy  Kennels  14.00 

8-29  9679     Henry  DeGooyer    10.00 

8-29  9680     Laura  V.  Russell  7.00 

8-29  9681    M.  B.  Brown   2.00 

8-29  9682     Fordham  Kennels    2.00 

8-29  9683     A.  Henderson 3.00 

8-29  9684     James  McDonald   3.00 

8-29  9685     Mrs.  Thomas  F.  Duhigg 1.00 

8-29  9686     Du  Page  Kennels 6.00 

8-29  9687     Alex   Smith    , 7.00 

8-29  9688     E.  G.  Marquardt   3.00 

8-29  9689     J.  C.  Thompson 4.00 

8-29  9690     M.  Ten  Hogan   9.00 

8-29  9691    Margaret  Dole 3.00 

8-29  9692     Delno  Hall  2.00 

8-29  9693     Guy  F.  Hall 2.00 

8-29  9694     Cedarcrest  Kennels  4.00 

8-29  9695     Dr.  L.  L.  Davis 7.00 

8-29  9696     Gaston  Jules  Garey 17.00 

8-29  9697     Col.  John  Duff 10.00 

8-29  9698     T.  H.  Kaldenberg 15.00 

8-29  9699     J.  W.  Curphy 1.00 

8-29  9700    Jos.  A.  Roach  8.00 

8-29  9701    John  C.  Doolittle  7.00 

8-29  9702    Vickery  Kennels 26.00 

8-29  9703     R.  A.  Norris   7.00 

8-29  9704    W.  O.  Richhart 7.00 

8-29  9705     R.  C.  Strock 3.00 

8-29  9706     Geo.  Brodie '. 3.00 

8-29  9707     Chas.  P.  Squires   7.00 

8-29  9708     C.  R.  Allen 35.00 

8-29  9709     Roy  Smith   360.00 

8-29  9710     Schinstock  Bros 160.00 

8-29      9711     Schinstock  Bros 315.00 

8-30      9712    C.  W.  Reeder    30.00 

8-30       9713     C.  E.  Cameron   50.00 

8-30      9714    K.  J.  Midbo 100.00 


342  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

8-30  9715  B.  R.  Fatta   80.00 

8-30  9716  M.  D.  Shutt   75.00 

8-30  9717  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm  50.00 

8-30  9718  Pat  Jackman   25.00 

8-30  9719  Dick  McMahon   80.00 

8-30.  9720  B.  Shively 360.00 

8-30  9721  Walter  I.  Pike 450.00 

8-30  9722  Geo.  Anderson 225.00 

8-30  9723  W.  B.  Taylor   150.00 

8-30  9724  W.  B.  Taylor 40.00 

8-30  9725  W.  B.  Taylor  160.00 

8-30  9726  E.  L.  Nagle  &  Son 52.00 

8-30  9727  E.   L.   Bitterman    154.00 

8-30  9728  0.  H.  Peasley  &  Sons  36.00 

8-30  9729  A.  G.  Forsbeck   19.00 

8-30  9730  W.  A.  Taylor  &  Sons 61.00 

8-30  9731  H.  S.  Allen  16.00 

8-30  9732  P.  H.  Allen    40.00 

8-30  9733  D.  H.  Lewis  198.00 

8-30  9734  Mike  Sharp  &  Son 182.00 

8-30  9735  Will  Michael   18.00 

8-30  9736  S.  A.  Roberts 50.00 

8-30  9737  J.  E.  Beckendorf 12.00 

8-30  9738  R.  J.  Harding  17.00 

8-30  9739  Geo.  Gawley 6.00 

8-30  9740  0.   E.    Osborn    2.00 

8-30  9741  H.  E.  Browning 34.00 

8-30  9742  L.  C.  Burford   23.00 

8-30  9743  Harris  Logan    3.00 

8-30  9744  Frank  Read  &  Son 5.00 

8-30  9745  Walnut  Hall  Farm   132.00 

8-30  9746  T.   D.   Postle 56.00 

8-30  9747  R.  &  W.  Postle  145.00 

8-30  9748  C.  C.  Groxen   132.00 

8-30  9749  Clayton   Messenger    93.00 

8-30  9750  C.  A.  Evans  40.00 

8-30  9751  Thos.  F.  Kent 113.00 

8-30  9752  P.  H.  Sheridan  6.00 

8-30  9753  J.  H.  Faris  2.00 

8-30  9754  A.   P.  Alsin 4.00 

8-30  9755  Wigstone  Btos 10.00 

8-30  9756  C.  S.  Hechtner  281.00 

8-30  9757  B.  M.  Boyer  35.00 

8-30  9758  F.  C.  Paul   82.00 

8-30  9759  J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son 101.00 

8-30  9760  Fred  Crawford    120.00 

8-30  9761  A.  E.  Noe 140.00 

8-30  9762  Belle    Stantz    50.00 

8-30  9763  J.  D.  Hannon 15.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  343 

8-30  9764  B.   Sholes    75.00 

8-30  9765  B.  Sholes   37.50 

8-30  9766  F.  0.  Dunkerton    4.00 

8-30  9767  A.  D.  Anderson  &  Son 14.00 

8-30  9768  Willie   Essig    181.00 

8-30  9769  P.  C.  James  8.00 

8-30  9770  Isom   J.   Martin    47.00 

8-30  9771  Hockett  &  Ashby  24.00 

8-30  9772  C.  A.  Brook  2.00 

8-30  9773  Forest  S.  McPherson 45.00 

8-30  9774  Fred  Sievers   8.00 

8-30  9775  Barr  &  Rae 97.00 

8-30  9776  J.  H.  Nissen   28.00 

8-30  9777  Fred  W.  Lahr  24.00 

8-30  9778  Geo.  W.  Lasley 2.00 

8-30  9779  Waltemeyer  Bros 255.00 

8-30  9780  S.  Rail   &  Son    142.00 

8-30  9781  J.  E.  Meharry  223.00 

8-30  9782  O.  J.  Mooers   22.00 

8-30  9783  D.  B.  Rightmire 28.00 

8-30  9784  Farmers  Farm    ; 169.00 

8-30  9785  E.  S.  Barker   176.00 

8-30  9786  Hanks  &  Bishop    50.00 

8-30  9787  E.  W.  Davis  &  Co 78.00 

8-30  9788  Chas.  W.  Krumm 27.00 

8-30  9789  Joe  Kramer   20.00 

8-30  9790  B.  H.  Kunkle   222.00 

8-30  9791  Arthur  Spear  22.00 

8-30  9792  Chas.  Hardie   70.00 

8-30  9793  J.  W.  Thomas 25.00 

8-30  9794  C.  Irwin    75.00 

8-30  9795  C.  Irwin 37.50 

8-30  9796  C.  B.  Irwin   22.50 

8-30  9797  C.  Irwin    15.00 

8-30  9798  Irwin  Bros 37.50 

8-30  9799  C.    B.    Irwin    37.50 

8-30  9800  Frank  Carter   15.00 

8-30  9801  Hugh  Clark   22.50 

8-30  9802  G.  W.  Spicer 22.50 

8-30  9803  J.  K.  Scott  26.00 

8-30  9804  A.  W.  Arnold 234.00 

8-30  9805  F.  W.  Cook 168.00 

8-30  9806  F.  S.  King  Bros.  Co 108.00 

8-30  9807  S.  W.  Stewart  &  Son 45.00 

8-30  9808  D.  H.  Paul   45.00 

8-30  9809  Harry  D.  Eddingfield  62.00 

8-30  9810  E.  M.  Metzger  42.00 

8-30  9811  F.  M.  Buck 154.00 

8-30  9812  W'  Warren  Mortoii  .,,,..,, , , , ,  332.0Q 


8-30 

9813 

8-30 

9814 

8-30 

9815 

8-30 

9816 

8-30 

9817 

8-30 

9818 

8-30 

9819 

8-30 

9820 

8-30 

9821 

8-30 

9822 

8-30 

9823 

8-30 

9824 

8-30 

9825 

8-30 

9826 

8-30 

9827 

8-30 

9828 

8-30 

9829 

8-30 

9830 

8-30 

9831 

8-3a 

9832 

8-30 

9833 

8-30 

9834 

8-30 

9835 

8-30 

9836- 

8-30 

9837 

8-30 

9838 

8-30 

9839 

8-30 

9840 

8-30 

9841 

8-30 

9842 

8-30 

9843 

8-30 

9844 

8-30 

9845 

8-30 

9846 

8-30 

9847 

8-30 

9848 

8-30 

9849 

8-30 

9850 

8-30 

9851 

8-30 

9852 

8-30 

9853 

8-30 

9854 

8-30 

9855 

8-30 

9856 

8-3'0 

9857 

8-30 

9858 

8-30 

9859 

8-30 

9860 

8-30 

9861 

IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

A.  C.  Binnie   338.00 

W.  H.  Dunbar 38.00 

J.  F.  Leahy   18.00 

Walker  Bros 166.00 

Martin  Nelson    98.00 

Pinch  Bros 489.00 

W.  V.  R.  Powis 40.00 

F.   M.  Meyers    35.00 

lowana  Farm    100.00 

0.  J.  Mooers 1,113.00 

J.  H.  Miller   372.00 

Achenbach  Bros 161.00 

S.  M.  Croft  &  Son 111.00 

Thos.  Bass   395.00 

E.  Pancake 113.00 

Hook  &  Woods  495.00 

J.  W.  Larrabee  33.00 

Chas.    Graff 121.00 

F.  Davis  &  Son 72.00 

J.  B.  Ashby  21.00 

G.  E.  Cole  170.00 

Geo.  J.  Sayer   240.00 

Rapp  Bros 86.00 

W.  A.  Wickersham   29.00 

New  Bloomfield  Saddle  Horse  Co 55.00 

Houchin  &  Anderson  250.00 

Wilcox  &  Stubbs 367.00 

J.  P.  Cudahy  319.00 

J.  H.  &  J.  W.  Van  Natta 232.00 

L.  C.  Olaff   43.00 

Phillip  Funk  20.00 

Adolph  P.  Arp    98.00 

Hutson  &  Son 200.00 

Haussler  Bros 218.00 

R.  H.  Hazlett   191.00 

W.  M.  Smith  9.00 

R.  E.  Watts  &  Son 43.00 

Chas.  Escher  &  Son 45.00 

Geo.  M.  Vader   10.00 

Hildebrand  Bros 20.50 

Frank  White  252.00 

Frank  White  28.00 

C.  A.  Nelson 191.00 

John   Cameron    15.00 

Allynhurst  Farm   233.00 

Alex  Galbraith  &  Son 205.00 

John  Donhowe   148.00 

C.  B.  McCanna  62.00 

Ed  Kingsley 20.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  345 

8-30  9862     J.  B.  Baker   40.00 

8-30  9863     Morgan  Horse  Farm    130.00 

8-30  9864     W.  J.  Miller   501.00 

8-30  9865     P.  F.  Smith   86.00 

8-30  9866     J.  C.  Brunk   170.00 

8-30  9867     C.  A.  Saunders 270.00 

8-30  ^9868     Wild  Rose  Farm   1,200.00 

8-30  9869     H.  H.  Powell  &  Son 51.00 

8-30  9870     H.  G.  McMillan  &  Son    690.00 

8-30  9871     Garrie    Bishop    10.00 

8-30  9872     E.  M.  Hoagland 45.00 

8-30  9873     J.  A.  Loughridge   75.00 

8-30  9874     Thos.  L.  Leonard  151.00 

8-30  9875     G.  A.  McCarty  90.00 

8-30  9876     Wm.    Crownover    265.00 

8-30  9877    Wm.  Hopley  Est 85.00 

8-30  9878     Dunham's 125.00 

8-30  9879     W.  J.  Brinigar 65.00 

8-30  9880     Anoka  Farms 389.00 

8-30  9881     Anoka  Farms    700.00 

8-30  9882     Straub  Bros 387.00 

8-30  9883     O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son   173.00 

8-30  9884     Dr.  A.  E.  Merkle  33.00 

8-30  9885     Mrs.  E.  L.  Karr 7.00 

8-30  9886     Frank  Shekleton   20.00 

8-30  9887     Theo.  Martin   46.00 

8-30  9888     W.  W.  Vaughn  6.00 

8-30  9889     W.  &  A.  Graham 140.00 

8-30  9890    Jno.  R.  Rittenhouse 143.00 

8-30  9891    W.  C.   Estes    20.00 

8-30  9892     Bruce  Robinson    50.00 

8-30  9893     J.  H.  Williams   232.00 

8-30  9894     C.  B.  Dannen  &  Son 150.00 

8-30  9895     Ed  P.  Urich 50.00 

8-30  9896    Adam  Seitz   416.00 

8-30  9897     H.  C.  Young 150.00 

8-30  9898     H.  W.  Ayers   256.00 

8-30  9899     J.  J.  Brennan   10.00 

8-30  9900     Carl  Rosenfeld    49.00 

8-30  9901     J.  L.  Risley  18.00 

8-30  9902     Hamilton  Bros 150.00 

8-30  9903     C.  W.  McDermott 63.00 

8-30  9904     H.  Lefebure  115.00 

8-30  9905     J.  E.  Bailey 5.0O 

8-30  9906     J.  Leitch  &  Sons 178.00 

8-30  9907     Thurman's  Woodbine  Place 45.00 

8-30  9908     A.  L.   Russell    30.00 

8-30  9909     M.  H.  Corey  12.00 

8-30  9910     Alex  W.  Arnold 6.00 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

9911  A.  J.  Blakely  88.00 

9912  .  R.  F.  French   68.00 

9913  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son 820.00 

9914  Frank  E.  Huston  165.00 

9915  Dierling  &  Otto 115.00 

9916  Hann   &  Mayne    46.00' 

9917  Crawford  &  Griffin 115.00 

9918  Hillcrest  Farm   5.00 

9919  Cotta  &  Williams  65.00 

9920  A.  L.  Champlin  245.00 

9921  E.  W.  Kreischer 27.00 

9922  Marion  T.  Anderson   30.00 

9923  F.  W.  Weinrich    63.00 

9924  A.   0.   Huff    83.00 

9925  W.  B.  Rodgers    315.00 

9926  Chas.  Hardie   35.00 

9927  H.  S.  Helphrey  450.00 

9928  Oscar  Ames   70.00 

9929  G.  A.  Ury   15.00 

9930  Walter  S.  Pike  200.00 

9931  Fred  Steiner   140.00 

9932  Geo.  Eggert   215.00 

9933  E.    Bruins    223.00 

9934  Smith  &  Roberts   326.00 

9935  Wm.    Herkelman    128.00 

9936  Kuper    Bros 8.00 

9937  Brown  &  Walker   10.00 

9938.  Frank  Clauss 199.00 

9939  South  Bros 88.00 

9940  R.  M.  Anderson   232.00 

9941  A.  L.  Foster  * 60.00 

9942  J.  T.  Judge 78.00 

9943  F.  H.  Ehlers   73.00 

9944  F.  W.  Akers 6.00 

9945  John    McCoy    5.00 

9946  Paul  &  Wilson  8.00 

9947  G.  W.  Grigsby 153.00 

9948  J.  C.  Thompson  &  Son 26.00 

9949  H.  C.  Davis   150.00 

9950  Ed   Clapper 10.00 

9951  R.  W.  Crumpacker 20.00 

9952  W.  H.  S.  Barnett  16.00 

9953  W.  W.   Seeley   45.00 

9954  Sheehan  Bros 40.00 

9955  Geo.  A.  Heyl 418.00 

9956  Robt.  Dyer   30.00 

9957  B.    Sholes    15.00 

9958  D.  Brant  22.50 

9959  M.  M.  Anderson 112.50 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


347 


8-30 

9960 

8-30 

9961 

8-30 

9962 

8-31 

9963 

8-31 

9964 

8-31 

9965 

9-  9 

9966 

9-10 

9967 

9-10 

9968 

9-11 

9969 

9-13 

9970 

9-13 

9971 

9-17 

9972 

9-17 

9973 

9-17 

9974 

9-17 

9975 

9-17 

9976 

9-17 

9977 

9-17 

9978 

9-17 

9979 

9-17 

9980 

9-17 

9981 

9-17 

9982 

9-17 

9983 

9-17 

9984 

9-17 

9985 

9-17 

9986 

9-17 

9987 

9-17 

9988 

9-17 

9989 

9-17 

9990 

9-17 

9991 

9-17 

9992 

9-17 

9993 

9-17 

9994 

9-17 

9995 

9-17 

9996 

9-17 

9997 

9-17 

9998 

9-17 

9999 

9-17 

10000 

9-17 

10001 

9-17 

10002 

9-17 

10003 

9-17 

10004 

9-17 

10005 

9-17 

10006 

9-17 

10007 

9-17 

10008 

Reeves  Bros 100.00 

J.   H.   Battger    50.00 

Irwin  Bros 97.50 

G.  W.  Spiccr   37.50 

Harry  E.  Burgess 5.00 

lowana  Farms  50.00 

Wood  Harper    (Des  Moines  Nat'l  Bank) 45.00 

Mrs.  Ira  Hall    10.00 

Stock  Yards  Harness  &  Saddlery  Co 100'. 00 

Thos.  F.  Stevenson   (Valley  Nat'l  Bank) 50.00 

Thos.  F.  Stevenson  10.00 

H.  H.  Polk  15.00 

John  S.  Albaugh 88.00 

Mrs.  N.  B.  Ashby 12.00 

"M.  Anderson    13.67 

C.  S.  Adams 3.00 

Altamont  Poultry  Farm 2.00 

Mrs.  T.  N.  Adams 2.00 

A.  L.  Anderson    5.00 

Mrs.  Jesse  Alexander   19.00 

J.  H.  Allen 7.00 

Frances  C.  Adams  50 

L.  P.  Anderson  10.52 

Mrs.  A.  C.  Atherton 2.00 

Mrs.  J.  H.  Abernathy  17.50 

Naomi  Anneberg    4.00 

G.  H.  Purge  147.00 

Bellows  Bros 55.00 

Geo.  E.  Brown 63.00 

Joel  Bloomster    11.57 

C.  F.  Bollig 8.42 

Clias.  Bachman 25.00 

L^sJ:er  Barton   2.00 

N.  Bartholomew   30.00 

C.    B.    Bracy    7.37 

Mrs.  M.  Bredimus    101.50 

Mrs.  H.  S.  Branson 10.00 

J.  W.  Booth  20.00 

Mrs.  Rosella  Brewer    1.00 

J.  J.  Boland 8.42 

J.  W.  Bittenbender   97.00 

W.  Beatty   • 1.00 

J.  J.  Brunner 2.10 

W.  E.  Burcn  &  Son    2.00 

Oscar  L.  Bock 12.00 

J.  Ross  Bachman  8.00 

C.  A.  Barquist 13,00 

F.  W.  Bremer   7.37 

B.  F.  Bentley  3.15 


348 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


9-17 

10009 

9-17 

10010 

9-17 

10011 

9-17 

10012 

9-17 

10013 

9-17 

10014 

9-17 

10015 

9-17 

10016 

9-17 

10017 

9-17 

10018 

9-17 

10019 

9-17 

10020 

9-17 

100'21 

9-17 

19022 

9-17 

10023 

9-17 

10024 

9-17 

10025 

9-17 

10.026 

9-17 

10027 

9-17 

10028 

9-17 

10029 

9-17 

10030 

9-17 

10031 

9-17 

10032 

9-17 

10033 

9-17 

10034 

9-17 

10035 

9-17 

10036 

9-17 

10037 

9-17 

10038 

9-17 

10039 

9-17 

10040 

9-17 

10041 

9-17 

10042 

9-17 

10043 

9-17 

10044 

9-17 

10045 

9-17 

10046 

9-17 

10047 

9-17 

10048 

9-17 

10049 

9-17 

10050 

9-17 

10051 

9-17 

10052 

9-17 

10053 

9-17 

10054 

9-17 

10055 

9-17 

10056 

9-17 

10057 

Mrs.  Lake  Bower  .' 19.00 

Miss   Gertrude  Brereton    15.00 

Mrs.  A,  A.  Bennett  16.00 

Harry  E.  Burgess   9.50 

Frances  Blanchard    43.00 

Wm.   R.   Bittenbender    17.00 

A.  H.  Bakehouse 187.65 

Ruth  Baker   5.00 

Mrs.  M.  A.  Bishop  5.00 

Ray  F.  Bennett   11.00 

Dr.  S.  L.  Beaver 10.00 

Raymond  Barrett  6.00 

John  Blake 2.00 

G.  D.  Black 27.00 

Mrs.  L.  Bicker 5.00 

H.  E.  Brown 25.00 

M.  L.  Beaven 9.50 

Ethel   Baird    .50 

Lula  Baird    5.00 

Mrs.  E.  0.  Boe  2.00 

Warren  E.  Beebe 22.00 

Marjorie  A.  Bush   10.00 

Mrs.  G.  H.  Botsford  2.00 

Armien  Bruns  12.00 

Mary  Brigham 1.00 

Vera  Betts   18.00 

Alice  Badgley   1.00 

Mrs.  Harry  C.  Byers l.OO 

A.    Bongers    5M 

Mrs.  C.  F.  Burridge   1.00 

E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son 208.00 

W.  S.  Corsa   585.00 

G.  A.  Chaffee 97.00 

Fred  Crawford   15.00 

W.  H.  Chapman   5.26 

S.  B.  Cooksley   8.42 

Wib  F.  Clements 31.00 

R.  E.  Clemens   13.67 

Erve  A.  Cole  7.37 

Willes  F.  Conway 1.05 

Dr.  L.  D.  Carpenter 10.00 

E.  Z.  Canr   2.10 

J.  A.  Crowther  5.26 

W.  0.  Coon 9.00 

E.  O.  Corss 8.00 

Ida  M.  Chubb   .*....  42.25 

A.  L.   Chamberlain    2.50 

J.   E.  Cornwell   20.78 

Margaret  Cornwell    3.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


349 


9-17     10058     Mrs.   Mary  Campbell    1.00 

9-17     10059  Mrs.  Geo.  C.  Cooper  .50 

9-17     10060  Chris  Christensen    1.05 

9-17     10061  F.  C.  Colby 7.00 

9-17     10062  Aimee  Camel  4.50 

9-17     10063  Linn    Culbertson    45.00 

9-17     10064  Mrs.  E.  M.  Cross  5.00 

9-17     10065  Mrs.  L.  H.  Curran 56.50 

9-17     10066  Marjorie   Connor    19.00 

9-17     10067  Mrs.  F.  A.  Campbell    2.00 

9-17     10068  Mrs.   Robt.   Carlile    4.00 

9-17     10069  Lucile  Copper  2.00 

9-17     10070  June  Collins 11.00 

9-17  10071  Mrs.  M.  A.  Canine 1.00 

9-17  10072  Miss  Ruby  Cain 4.50 

9-17  10073  Mrs.  Anna  Cain 2.50 

9-17  10074  Mrs.  E.  A.  Crapsey   9.50 

9-17  10075  W.   F.   Clifford    3.00 

9-17  10076  Eileen  Coffee    2.00 

9-17  10077  Chas.  C.  Cook   12.00 

9-17  10078  C.  A.  Day   2.10 

9-17  10079  Dunn    Bros 1.00 

9-17  10080  Arthur  Dearinger    15.00 

9-17  10081  Carl  Dare  14.00 

9-17  10082  Ray  L.  Doore    22.00 

9-17  10083  N.  O.  Dahleen  8.42 

9-17  10084  A.  J.  Doore   10.00 

9-17  10085  O.  A.  Decker  2.00 

9-17  10086  Clifford  W.  Duke   6.00 

9-17  10087  Mrs.  E.  Hughes  Dukehart 4.00 

9-17  10088  M.  L.  Dudley 10.00 

9-17  10089  Helen   Deets    49.50 

9-17  10090  A.  J.  Doleschal  3.I5 

9-17  10091  Mrs.  D.  Downey  6.00 

9-17  10092  Ida  C.  Dalton  : 5.00 

9-17  10093  M.  J.  Donavan    5.26 

9-17  10094  Mrs.  W.  L.  DeClow   10.00 

9-17  10095  Wm.  Danner   9.O0 

9-17  10096  Mrs.   Robert   Dormer    6.00 

9-17  10097  J.   M.  Dillow    2.00 

9-17  10098  Miss  Pearl  Denny   15.00 

9-17  10099  Mary  Dixon   1,00 

9-17  10100  X  C.  Ewing 50.00 

9-17  10101  R.  J.  Erb 5.26 

9-17  10102  Mrs.  J.  C.  Elliott  3.00 

9-17  10103  J.  W.  Eral   18.00 

9-17  10104  Harry    Eral 8.00 

9-17  10105  J.  W.  Engel 4.21 

9-17  10106  J.  Martin  Erickson  5.00 


350 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


9-17 

10107 

9-17 

10108 

9-17 

10109 

9-17 

10110 

9-17 

10111 

9-17 

10112 

9-17 

10113 

9-17 

10114 

9-17 

10115 

9-17 

10116 

9-17 

10117 

9-17 

10118 

9-17 

10119 

9-17 

10120 

9-17 

10121 

9-17 

10122 

9-17 

10123 

9-17 

10124 

9-17 

10125 

9-17 

10126 

9-17 

10127 

9-17 

10128 

9-17 

10129 

9-17 

10130' 

9-17 

10131 

9-17 

10132 

9-17 

10133 

9-17 

10134 

9-17 

10135 

9-17 

10136 

9-17 

10137 

9-17 

10138 

9-17 

10139 

9-17 

10140 

9-17 

10141 

9-17 

10142 

9-17 

10143 

9-17 

10144 

9-17 

10145 

9-17 

10146 

9-17 

10147 

9-17 

10148 

9-17 

10149 

9-17 

10150 

9-17 

10151 

9-17 

10152 

9-17 

10153 

9-17 

10154 

9-17 

10155 

W.  E.  Evens   3.00 

F.  F.  Everett 24.00 

N.  C.  Erickson 13.67 

Mrs.  Retta  Ellis  1.00 

Mrs.  A.  H.  Eiclienlaub  18.00 

Miss  Lucile  Eiclienlaub   6.00 

Miss  Lula  Eiclienlaub 10.50 

Mrs.  C.  J.  Eller 15.00 

Ellen  M.   Ellis    2.00 

H.  H.  Ford  115.00 

Nellie    Fabyan    10.00 

A.  L.  Foster 5.00 

Helen  Feldman    .50 

Alice  Fredrickson    8.00 

Mrs.  T.  J.  Flora  52.00 

Mrs.  Anna  B.  Frost   47.00 

Tom  Finnegan   17.00 

John  Finnegan   15.00 

L.   L.   Flickinger    7.37 

Caroline   Forney    2.00 

Mrs.  E.  H.  Fagg 1.00 

H.  L.  Felter  55.50 

Mrs.  J.  C.  Fuson 2.00 

W.  E.  Graham   25.00 

G.  J.  Gudknecht  7.36 

Jno.  Graham  &  Son  100.00 

L.  M.  Griffin  15.00 

H.  A.  Griese 10.52 

Mrs.  A.  C.  Griffith   1.00 

C.  E.   Graff   .50 

Mrs.   Frank   Grant    29.00 

Clayton  Garrett    128.88 

Mary  J.  Gaylord    11.00 

Mrs.  J.  B.  G^ant  3.00 

Bertha  D.   Greubel    22.00 

Nell  Greaney  11.00 

Henry    George    12.00 

Mrs.  Geo.  M.  Grmp4:oad  24.00 

Alma  Grinstead  . .    32.00 

Maisy  Grinstead  40.00 

Mrs.  J.  C.  Gingery  1.50 

Mrs.  A.  M.  Guthrie   4.00 

Chas.  O.  Garrett 240.50 

W.  W.  Gwinn    53.33 

Myrtle   A.    Gabriel    3.50 

Mrs.  Jas.  Grinstead  4.00 

Mrs.  C.  L.  Gay   31.50 

Geo.  M.  Grinstead   50.00 

L.  E.  Gibson   14.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


35i 


9-17  10156  Mrs.  Clara  Goings  2.00 

9-17  10157  Mrs.  J.  W.  Graves : 2.00 

9-17  10158  Mrs.  Lou  Gamratli 5.00 

9-17  10159  Fred  H.  Hassler 8.00 

9-17  10160  O.Harris 313.00 

9-17  10161  J.  L.  Howard 40.00 

9-17  10162  R.  M.  Halford 12.00 

9-17  10163  L.  S.  Huntley  &  Son 25.00 

9-17  10164  Henry  Hansen 15.80 

9-17  10165  W.  V.  Hixson 345.00 

9-17  10166  W.   A.   Hook    12.00 

9-17  10167  Jas.  Hethershaw  130.00 

9-17  10168  W.  P.  Hughes 7.37 

9-17  10169  C.  E.  Hiatt 40.00 

9-17  10170  G.  W.  Howard  3.00 

9-17  10171  Frank  Harker 35.00 

9-17  10172  L.  W.  Harkens 15.00 

9-17  10173  Carl  Hovland 11.57 

9-17  10174  Ott   Hicks 1.05 

9-17  10175  John  Newman  Hicks 1.05 

9-17  10176  E.    Heydon    28.00 

9-17  10177  Mrs.  W.  H.  Harwood 14.00 

9-17  10178  Kolburn  Hegna 13.00 

9-17  10179  Weir  Hart 22.50 

9-17  10180  Peter  Hove  12.00 

9-17  10181  C.  M.  Hummer 3.00 

9-17  10182  C.  W.  Howell 13.00 

9-17  10183  J.  F.  Harsh 10.00 

9-17  10184  Hansons  Poultry  Farm 47.00 

9-17  10185  Harry  Hilton 2.00 

9-17  10186  Frank  Hilton 8.00 

9-17  10187  Carl  Holden  41.00 

9-17  10188  Mrs.  K.  Hegna 5.00 

9-17  10189  N.  J.  Harris 13.00 

9-17  10190  Mrs.  G.  B.  Hippee   13.20 

9-17  10191  F.  O.  Harrington 86.00 

9-17  10192  F.  H.  Harms 2.10 

9-17  10193  ■  Mrs.  W.  L.  Hestwood 3.00 

9-17  10194  Mrs.  Sarah  Hillon   1.00 

9-17  10195  S.  S.  Hudson   4.21 

9-17  10196  R.  M.  Howard   3.00 

9-17  10197  Anna  Hansen 1.00 

9-17  10198  Lorenes  Hines 4.00 

9-17  10199  Pauline  Holland   5.00 

9-17  10200     S.  E.  Harker  16.00 

9-17  10201  D.  E.  Henry 4.00 

9-17  10202  lowana  Farms 125.00 

9-17  10203  lowana  Farms 151.00 

9-17  10204  lowana  Farms  16.00 


352 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


9-17  10205  Chas.  Irvine  266.00 

9-17  10206  Iowa  Seed  Co 398.00 

9-17  10207  C.  F.  Jones 6.00 

9-17  10208  Jno.  Justice  105.77 

9-17  10209  Jno.  H.  Jennings 111-00 

9-17  10210  J.  H.  Jensen 7.37 

9-17  10211  Chris  Jessen 4.21 

9-17  10212  M.  J.  Jorgenson 4.00 

9-17  10213  James  H.  Jones 10.00 

9-17  10214  Joe  Johnson  1.00 

9-17  10215  Carl  Jorgenson   2.10 

9-17  10216  Isaac  Johnson   73.50 

9-17  10217  Chris  Jensen 1.05 

9-17  10218  Frank  Johnson 20.00 

9-17  10219  Walter  D.  Jensen 13.00 

9-17  10220  M.  S.  Jones 14.00 

9-17  10221  Mrs.  C.  M.  Johnesse 4.00 

9-17  10222  Mrs.  E.  J.  Johnson 7.00 

9-17  10223  W.  E.  Kingdon   35.00 

9-17  10224  Joe  Kramer 56.60 

9-17  10225  Krizer  Bros 18.00 

9-17  10226  Mrs.  M.  Kastberg 58.50 

9-17  10227  T.  H.  Kaldenberg 3.50 

9-17  10228  Frances  Keffer 75.00 

9-17  10229  F.  H.  Kelling 9.47 

9-17  10230  Fannie  M.  Klinck 174.15 

9-17  10231  Mrs.  Clara  Kaup 3.50 

9-17  10232  W.  O.  Knapp 26.00 

9-17  10233  Ella   Kock    '  30.50 

9-17  10234  Mary  Kegley 9.50 

9-17  10235  Mrs.  Frank  Kuble   3.00 

9-17  10236  Henry  Lauer 118.00 

9-17  10237  H.  W.  Littleton  42.00 

9-17  10238  Fred  F.  Lockwood  8.42 

9-17  10239  J.  A.  Laughridge   20.00 

9-17  10240  J.  W.  Love  3.00 

9-17  10241  Linn  Hill  Park  Stock  Farm 15.00 

9-17  10242  W.  F.  Lyon 132.67 

9-17  10243  W.  F.  Lyon 49.00 

9-i7  10244  Chris    Lundhay    14.75 

9-17  10245  Ellwyn  Lucas 19.00 

9-17  10246  G.  F.  Lanquist 10.52 

9-17  10247  Wm.  J.  Lockhart   11.00 

9-17  10248  R.  A.  Lundberg 5.00 

9-17  10249  Fred  Lehman 2.10 

9-17  10250  H.  C.  Ladage 7.37 

9-17  10251  R.  H.  Longworth   66.00 

9-17  10252  Lozier,  The  Florist   202.00 

9-17  10253  J.  Russell  Long 1.00 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


353 


9-17  10254  Mary  E.  Lowe  9.00 

9-17  10255  O.  O.  Lomen 16.50 

9-17  10256  Marie  O.  Lomen    44.40 

9-17  10257  Mrs.  Eva  Livingstone 6.00 

"9-17  10258  Mrs.  Chas.  Lehman    7.00 

9-17  10259  Martha  Leuty 14.00 

9-17  10260  Jennie  Leuty   12.00 

9-17  10261  Harral  A.  Longworth   51.00 

9-17  10262  Minnie  Lewis 43.80 

9-17  10263  Marguerite  Lambert   12.00 

9-17  10264  Mrs.  R.  A.  Lewis   72.20 

9-17  10265  N.  B.  Lathrop 26.00 

9-17  10266  Effie  Lewton   5.00 

9-17  10267  Harry   Livingood    50.00 

9-17  10268  G.  F.  Marshall  &  Son 2.00 

9-17  10269  J.  A.  Mason   26.00 

9-17  10270  Wilmoth  C.  Mack 2.00 

9-17  10271  F.  A.  Mathis 3.00 

9-17  10272  E.    Mittlestadt 7.37 

9-17  10273  J.  N.  B.  Miller   35.00 

9-17  10274  Morris  &  Co 125.00 

9-17  10275  P.  Morasco   10.50 

9-17  10276  H.  R.  Malone 191.17 

9-17  10277  Fred  McCullough   176.91 

9-17  10278  Thos.  E.  Morlan 20.00 

9-17  10279  J.  C.  Mawdsley  8.0'0 

9-17  10280  J.  W.  Moore  1.50 

9-17  10281  Ernest  Massey 2.00 

9-17  10282  Catherine  M.  Macartney 60.00 

9-17  10283  Mrs.  Richard  Manning 64.00 

9-17  10284  W.  E.  Middlestadt 12.63 

9-17  10285  L.  G.  Miller   17.50 

9-17  10286  Ed  R.  Mawdsley 38.00 

9-17  10287  Mrs.  B.  A.  Matthews 44.00 

9-17  10288  C.  E.  Malone 244.27 

9-17  10289  Chris  Morck 7.36 

9-17  10290  Beatrice  Mansfield  9.00 

9-17  10291  F.  I.  Moore 12.00 

9-17  10292  Mrs.  C.  N.  Mutchler 9.00 

9-17  10293  Wm.  Matters   3.15 

9-17  10294  Miss  Anna  M.  Meyer 17.0-0 

9-17  10295  M.  A.  Moore 19.00 

9-17  10296  Harriett  Macy 64.50 

9-17  10297  Emily  L.  Morgan   2.00 

9-17  10298  M.  E.  Myers   2.00 

9-17  10299  Alden  Moore 12.00 

9-17  10300  Mrs.  A.  D.  Moore 2.00 

9-17  10301  Mrs.  E.  M.  Mann 2.00 


354  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Georgia  Mann 1.00 

C.  E.  Mincer 172.45 

Mrs.  C.  E.  Mincer  22.00 

Mrs.  E.  P.  Murrow 7.00 

D.  W.  Mohler 8.42 

B.  L.  Marshall 5.50 

Forest  B.  Myers  5.00 

William  Macy   3.00 

Fritz  Mathis   2.00 

W.  A.  McHenry 420'.00 

Geo.  McCray   158.00 

Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co 294.00 

Warren  T.  McCray 291.00 

McLay  Bros 193.00 

Geo.  T.  McCannon  34.00 

Wm.  McMichael    1.00 

J.  R.  McDonald  12.00 

Dora  McLain  13.00 

M.  F.  McGovern   7.00 

F.  E.  McCall 55.06 

D.  M.  McArthur  25.00 

Arthur  McArthur  8.00 

Mrs.  Ada  Borne  Newquist 29.00 

H.  K.  Nelson   8.42 

Anamariel  Nelson 3.00 

Mrs.  Howard  Niswander 2.50 

C.  C.  Nelson 2.10 

Mrs.  C.  P.  Nelson 5.00 

G.  W.  Nance 40.00 

N.  C.  Neilson 6.31 

Jno.  C.  Hoi 32.68 

Miller  S.  Nelson  156.18 

Robert  F.  Owens 1.05 

O'Donnell  Poultry  Farm   3.00 

N.  Overgaard 2.10 

Mrs.  M.  E.  Orchard 2.50 

Mrs.  A.  F.  Ostrand 1.00 

W.  F.  Otcheck  251.98 

E.  B.   Olds    9.47 

James  Pedley 40.00 

P.  W.  Peterson 12.63 

P.  M.  Peterson   116.45 

Carl  Peterson 4.00 

L.  C.  Peterson  3.15 

J.  A.  Peterson 13.14 

Chas.  M.  Pink  20.00 

E.  L.  Pearson 6.00 

Mrs.  W.  W.  Preston 5.00 

Helen  Preston  3.00 


9-17 

10302 

9-17 

10303 

9-17 

10304 

9-17 

10305 

9-17 

10306 

9-17 

10307 

9-17 

10308 

9-17 

10309 

9-17 

10310 

9-17 

10311 

9-17 

10312 

9-17 

10313 

9-17 

10314 

9-17 

10315 

9-17 

10316 

9-17 

10317 

9-17 

10318 

9-17 

10319 

9-17 

10320 

9-17 

10321 

9-17 

10322 

9-17 

10323 

9-17 

10324 

9-17 

10325 

9-17 

10326 

9-17 

10327 

9-17 

10328 

9-17 

10329 

9-17 

10330 

9-17 

10331 

9-17 

10332 

9-17 

10333 

9-17 

10334 

9-17 

10335 

9-17 

10336 

9-17 

10337 

9-17 

10338 

9-17 

10339 

9-17 

10340 

9-17 

10341 

9-17 

10342 

9-17 

10343 

9-17 

10344 

9-17 

10345 

9-17 

10346 

9-17 

10347 

9-17 

10348 

9-17 

10349 

9-17 

10350 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BCK)K— PART  VII 


355 


9-17 

10351 

9-17 

10352 

9-17 

10353 

9-17 

10354 

9-17 

10355 

9-17 

10356 

9-17 

10357 

9-17 

10358 

9-17 

10359 

9-17 

10360 

9-17 

10361 

9-17 

10362 

9-17 

10363 

9-17 

10364 

9-17 

10365 

9-17 

10366 

9-17 

10367 

9-17 

10368 

9-17 

10369 

9-17 

10370 

9-17 

10371 

9-17 

10372 

9-17 

10373 

9-17 

10374 

9-17 

10375 

9-17 

10376 

9-17 

10377 

9-17 

10378 

9-17 

10379 

9-17 

10380 

9-17 

10381 

9-17 

10382 

9-17 

19383 

9-17 

10384 

9-17 

10385 

9-17 

10386 

9-17 

103'87 

9-17 

10388 

9-17 

10389 

9-17 

10390 

9-17 

10391 

9-17 

10392 

9-17 

10393 

9-17 

10394 

9-17 

10395 

9-17 

10396 

9-17 

10397 

9-17 

10398 

9-17 

10399 

W.  H.  Plows 168,66 

A.  L.  Plummer 90.25 

Elliott  Purmort 3.00 

C.  O.  Preston  3.00 

C.  H.  Peverill  7.00 

Luther  R.  Pike 3.00 

S.  R.  Patterson  1.00 

K.  L.  Price  2.00 

C.  D.  Porter 4.00 

W.  Patterson   10.00 

Ida  Perkins  4.00 

Maybelle  Perkins '  .50 

S.  A.  Power  &  Son 22.00 

Mrs.  J.  A.  Peters 12.00 

Mrs.  W.  J.  Porter 2.00 

W.  J.  Porter  1.00 

Odessa  Bea  Porter 1.00 

Bertha  Z.  Phillpot 16.00 

Grace  V.  Page 4.00 

Claude  A.  Patterson 20.25 

Mrs.  Grant  Perkins  6.00 

Tillie  Peterson    25.50 

Mrs.  W.  O.  Plummer 13.50 

Jay  Pickett 1.00 

Mrs.  Milt  Person 2,00 

J.  J.  Proudfit 7.00 

Mrs.  J.  E.  Platner 4.00 

Mrs.  E.  H.  Pickering 14.00 

Vesta  Plummer 13.00 

Hazel  Plummer 19.00 

I.  E.  Proudfit 17.00 

Mrs.  E.  L.  Pearson 2.00 

Delia  Penn   19.00 

Grace  Patterson 11.00 

C.  I.  Payne 7.37 

Mrs.  E.  E.  Ross 53.60 

Rookwood  Farm   377.00 

H.  A.  Rizer   4.21 

W.  T.  Roberts  &  Son 12.00 

D.  W.  Rich 9.00 

I.  R.  Reed 54.00 

C.  J.  Rohde  . 4.21 

Henry  Rollinson  122.00 

C.  W.  Reeder 8.50 

Hazel  Edith  Rhine 1.00 

Mrs.  John  A.  Ryan 49.00 

Wm.  A.  Radeke 7.00 

Elmer  Reed   92.00 

Gail  Reed ^ 34.00 


356 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


9-17  10400  S.  O.  Riesley 5.26 

9-17  10401  R.  B.  Rowe 11.00 

9-17  10402  F.  L.  Rinehart  &  Son 60.00 

9-17  10403  Idah  Russell 15.00 

9-17  10404  Fred  L.  Rynor 25.00 

9-17  10405  Mrs.  C.  A.  Rouze 1.50 

9-17  10406  Chester  Reeves   20.00 

9-17  10407  T.  L.  Ricksecker  29.00 

9-17  10408  Oscar  Rustad  13.00 

9-17  10409  Ray  Redfern 25.00 

9-17  10410  Floyd  Rice   2.00 

9-17  10411  Anna  Redhead 35.00 

9-17  10412  C.   Raney    7.50 

9-17  10-413  Herbert  Soballe 9.47 

9-17  10414  W.  Z.  Swallow   37.00' 

9-17  10415  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling 99.00 

9-17  10416  J.  A.  Sage 43.00 

9-17  10417  E.  R.  Shaw 30.00 

9-17  10418  A.  G.  Soderberg 334.50 

9-17  10419  W.  W.  Seeley 4.00 

9-17  10420  Watson    Shick    4.21 

9-17  10421  Austin    Sasseen    6.00 

9-17  10422  S.  A.  Shetterley 192.31 

9-17  10423  Sam    Saveriod  12.63 

9-17  10424  G.  Stuessi 7.37 

9-17  10425  B.  T.  Soles 6.31 

9-17  10426  0.  B.  Stenberg 8.42 

9-17  10427  A.  W.  Snyder 3.15 

9-17  10428  Mrs.  Merta  Steers 13.00 

9-17  10429  Mrs.  C.  O.  Seaman  2.00 

9-17  10430  Wm.  Steemyk  25.00 

9-17  10431  W.  N.  Servis 1.00 

9-17  10432  H.  C.  Stendel 9.47 

9-17  10433  Jas.  L.  Stark 3.00 

9-17  10434  Anthony  Stocker 9.50 

9-17  10435  I.  S.  Stocker 2.00 

9-17  10436  Hannah  L.  Snyder  1.00 

9-17  10437  N.  I.  Seibert 1.00 

9-17  10438  Schuster  Bros  25.50 

9-17  10439  Julius  Sinn 16.00 

9-17  10440  B.  D.  Smith 24.50 

9-17  10441  Irene  Stoutenburg 8.00 

9-17  10442  J.  C.  Sandmier 2.00 

9-17  10443  Mrs.  Horace  Susong 3.00 

9-17  10444  Hazel  Snyder 5.50 

9-17  10445  Phillip  Sauers  7.00 

9-17  10446  Margaret  Snyder 2.50 

9-17  10447  Mrs.  Alice  Seymour 73.00 

9-17  10448  Mrs.  S.  Stutsman  23.20 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   VII 


357 


9-17 

10449 

9-17 

10450 

9-17 

10451 

9-17 

10452 

9-17 

10453 

9-17 

10454 

9-17 

10455 

9-17 

10456 

9-17 

10457 

9-17 

10458 

9-17 

10459 

9-17 

10460 

9-17 

10461 

9-17 

10462 

9-17 

10463 

9-17 

10464 

9-17 

10465 

9-17 

10466 

9-17 

10467 

9-17 

10468 

9-17 

10469 

9-17 

10470 

9-17 

10471 

9-17 

10472 

9-17 

10473 

9-17 

10474 

9-17 

10475 

9-17 

10476 

9-17 

10477 

9-17 

10478 

9-17 

10479 

9-17 

10480 

9-17 

10481 

9-17 

10482 

9-17 

10483 

9-17 

10484 

9-17 

10485 

9-17 

10486 

9-17 

10487 

9-17 

10488 

9-17 

10489 

9-17 

10490 

9-17 

10491 

9-17 

10492 

9-17 

10493 

9-17 

10494 

9-17 

10495 

9-17 

10496 

9-17 

10497 

Thos.    Sadler    7.37 

Miss  Mary  Spencer 8.00 

Mrs.  C.  N.  Smith g.O'O 

Miss  Edith  Sweet 2.00 

Sestier  Bros 69.00 

Mrs.  J.  D.  Stoutenburg 7.00 

Silvis  H.  Stamm 5. 00 

Mrs.  H.  M.  Stone  13.00 

A.  F.  Snedeker 7.OO 

Henry  Sprenger 6.31 

Edith  Smith 1.00 

Mrs.  Louise  M.  Smith 16.50 

Mrs.  E.  C.  Stiirman 5. 00 

B.  Stuart 100.06 

Mrs.  B.  Stuart  2.00 

Anton  Smith   10.52 

Mrs.  Earl  Sweeney ll.O'O 

Emma  Stuart   1.00 

Helen  Secor l.Oo 

Mrs.  Frank  Smith 6.50 

Mason  Stuart 3.00 

Eliza  Stewart 17.00 

Mrs.  Casper  Schenk 11.00 

Daisy  Slemmons  1.00 

Mrs.  D.  H.  Sleeper 3. 00 

Mrs.  Violet  Sefton   6.00 

Rudolph  Schmidt  7. 00 

G.  P.  Sauer 4.21 

I.  Ross  Thompson 15.00 

D.  Tietjen 332.00 

E.  B.  Thomas 3. 00 

Cyrus  A.  Tow  552.00 

J.  W.  Thompson  45.OO 

C.  O.  Thornburg 2.00 

Trumans  Pioneer  Stud  Farm 483.00 

Thos.   Thompson    ' 3,00 

C.  H.  True 90.00 

Lillian  M.  Thornton 25.50 

J.  L.  Todd 107.00 

Mrs.  Thompson  25.00 

Elizabeth  Tavener   1.00 

Ella  M.  Trowbridge  30'.00 

Minta  I.  Teeney 3.00 

Mrs.  W.  D.  Tapp 17.00 

Marjorie  Tapp  8.00 

M.  J.  Thomas 9.50 

Ed.  R.  Trites 33.00 

Wm.  Trillow 232.00 

Mrs.  Miles  Tatham 1.00 


358 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


9-17 

10498 

9-17 

10499 

9-17 

10500 

9-17 

10501 

9-17 

10502 

9-17 

10503 

9-17 

10504' 

9-17 

10505 

9-17 

10506 

9-17 

10507 

9-17 

10508 

9-17 

10509 

9-17 

10510 

9-17 

10511 

9-17 

10512 

9-17 

10513 

9-17 

10514 

9-17 

10515 

9-17 

10516 

9-17 

10517 

9-17 

10518 

9-17 

10519 

9-17 

10520 

9-17 

10521 

9-17 

10522 

9-17 

10523 

9-17 

10524 

9-17 

10525 

9-17 

10526 

9-17 

10527 

9-17 

10528 

9-17 

10529 

9-17 

10530 

9-17 

10'531 

9-17 

10532 

9-17 

10533 

9-17 

10534 

9-17 

10535 

9-17 

10536 

9-17 

10537 

9-17 

10538 

9-17 

10539 

9-17 

10540 

9-17 

10541 

9-17 

10542 

9-17 

10543 

9-17 

10544 

9-lT 

10'545 

9-17 

10546 

W.  E.  Utterback 18.00 

Mack  Utterback 52.00 

C.  &  C.  T.  Van  Lint 15.00 

Wm.  F.  Volz 17.00 

Amos  Vogt  2.00 

Van  Meter  &  Caldwell 9.00 

Mrs.  R.  H.  Vogel 5.00 

J.  F.  Van  der  Meer 4.21 

Mrs.  Bessie  Walker  5.00 

Hosea    Wilson    12.00 

Fred  Williams 35.00 

E.  C.  Wilson 10.00 

L.  C.  West 18.00 

Peder  Windfeldt  2.10 

Louise  Webster 14.00 

H.  H.  Whiting 7.37 

F.  D.  Warner 13.67 

Flora  Wolter  5.50 

Wm.  P.  Watson l.OO 

Emma  Wolter   39.00 

Mrs.  M.  C.  Wallace  5.00 

R.  E.  West  101.50 

James  Woodward  5.00 

Mrs.  Margaret  Waite 8.00 

J.  M.  Williamson 32.00 

V.  G.  Warner 75.50 

A.  M.  Walrath 23.00 

J.  I.  Wilson  Floral  Co 134.00 

J.  C.  Watts 4.00 

Marvin  Wills  2.00 

Geo.  S.  Woodruff 22.00 

Irene  Wilson  22.00 

Estelle  D.  Weiny 18.00 

Edna  A.  Whitler 18.00 

Hazelle  Wheeler   2.00 

Frank  W.  Hood 2.00 

R.  G.  Whartin  12.00 

Kenneth  West 2.00 

Miss  Minnie  West 2.00 

Mrs.  J.  M.  Wadsley  2.00 

Marie  Wagner  7.50 

T.  E.  Ward 8.00 

Mrs.  Dan  Williams 2.00 

Mrs.  Sallie  Wimmer 12.00 

M.  E.  Winters 3.00 

Carmolite  Waldo 1.00 

Mrs.  Wm.  Wyant  2.00 

Pearl  Woods 2.00 

M.  J.  Wragg 16.49 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


351) 


9-17 

10547 

9-17 

10548 

9-17 

10549 

9-17 

10550 

9-17 

10551 

9-17 

10552 

9-17 

10553 

9-17 

10554 

9-17 

10555 

9-17 

10556 

9-17 

10557 

9-17 

10558 

9-17 

10559 

9-17 

10560 

9-17 

10561 

9-17 

10562 

9-17 

10563 

9-17 

10564 

9-17 

10'565 

9-17 

10566 

9-17 

10567 

9-17 

10568 

9-17 

10569 

9-17 

10570 

9-17 

10'571 

9-17 

10572 

9-17 

10573 

9-17 

10574 

9-17 

10575 

9-17 

10576 

9-17 

10577 

9-17 

10578 

9-17 

10579 

9-17 

10580 

9-17 

10581 

9-17 

10582 

9-17 

10583 

9-17 

10584 

9-17 

10585 

9-17 

10586 

9-17 

10587 

9-17 

10588 

9-17 

10589 

9-17 

10590 

9-17 

10591 

9-17 

10592 

9-17 

10593 

9-17 

10594 

9-17 

10595 

Mrs.  Lillian  White  6.00 

Mrs.  Ella  Wells ; 1 1.00 

W.  N.  Wayne  2.00 

Jas.    Yuill    3.48 

Jas.  Yuill 1.52 

F.  M.  Zell   5.26 

Willard  Zeller   65.00 

Joe  Johnson  10.00 

Fred  Sidener  5.00 

Robert  Miller  Scott  -     60.00 

John  Waddell,  Jr 5.00 

Marjorie  Ford  10.00 

Mildred    Allen    5.00 

Alice  Millstein 10.00 

Beatrice  Karns 5.00 

Homer  P.  Howell   10.00 

Duane   Shaw    5.00 

John  R.  Brownlee 10.00 

Sam  Grey   5.00 

Arline  Caroline  Johnstone   10.00 

Marion  Stanley  5.00 

Mary  Fuson 10.00 

Genevieve    Tufel    5.00 

Chas.  Brown 10.00 

Walter  Kuhlmon,  Jr 5.00 

Ralph   McNeeley 10.00 

James   Robinson    5.00 

Frances  Shiitts   10.00 

Winifred  Miller 5.00 

"Peaches"  Klusmeyer .  . .  .  60.00 

Margaret  Blake 5.00 

Mrs.  Nat  Thompson 2.00 

M.  L.  Dudley 2.00 

Mrs.  E.  P.  Morrow 2.00 

Mary  G.  Cretzmeyer,  Supt 6.00 

W.  W.  Ballard,  Supt 2.00 

Angus  McDonald,  Supt 22.00 

Carolyn  Forgrave,   Supt 28.00 

June  Chidester,  Supt 10.00 

Myrtle  Dungan,  Supt 5.00 

A.  Palmer,  Supt 111.00 

F.  W.  Cramer,  Supt 27.00 

Z.  C.  Thornburg,  Supt 151.0'0 

Jennie  Steele  Huegle,  Supt 45.00 

F.  W.  Hicks,  Supt 6.00 

Mary  A.  Richards,  Supt 17.00 

Marjorie  Bush    2.00 

W.  F.  Roberts  &  Son 2.00 

Leigh  Pickering 2.00 


360  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


Iowa  State  College,  Scholarships 525.00 

Iowa  State  College,  Scholarships 75.00 

Morris  &  Co 300.00 

A.  A.  Burger 50.00 

Claude  A.  Patterson   1.00 

Emanuel  Peterson 3.00 

B.  A.   Mathews    33.50 

A.  W.  Gates  50.00 

T.  H.  Kaldenberg 25.00 

Vickery  Kennels  15.00 

Wm.  Messer  10.00 

Total $  58,139.15 


9-17 

10596 

9-17 

10597 

9-17 

10598 

9-17 

10599 

9-17 

10600 

9-17 

10601 

9-17 

10602 

9-17 

10603 

9-17 

10604 

9-17 

1060'5 

10-31 

10606 

EXPENSE  WARRANTS  ISSUED  DECEMBER  1,  1911— NOVEMBER  30, 

1912. 

12-13     9239     A.  L.  Sponsler,  railroad  fare  and  expenses,  speaker 

annual  agricultural  convention  $         30.90 

12-16     9240     C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual  meet- 
ing    3'8.00 

12-16     9241     O.  A.  Olson,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual  meeting  39.50 
12-16     9242    R.  S.  Johnston,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual  meet- 
ing    39.80 

12-16     9243     C.  W.  Phillips,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual  meet- 
ing      45.00 

12-16     9244     Elmer  M.  Reeves,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual 

meeting   36.30 

E.  J.  Curtin,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual  meeting  43.50 

E.  M.  Wentworth,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual 

meeting    30.00 

T.  G.  Legoe,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual  meeting  20.50 
G.  F.  Gurtiss,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual  meeting  27.30 
P,  E.  Sheldon,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual  meet- 
ing                36.30 

12-16     9250     J.  P.  Summers,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual  meet- 
ing      40.00 

12-16     9251     J.  P.  Mullen,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual  meeting  35.70 
12-16     9252     H.  L.  Pike,  per  diem  and  mileage,  annual  meeting.  44.00 
12-16     9253     R.  S.  Johnston,  expenses  attending  meeting  Ameri- 
can Association  of  Pairs  and  Expositions,  Chi- 
cago                22.65 

12-16     9254     E.    M.    Wentworth,    expenses    attending    meeting 
American  Association  of  Pairs  and  Expositions, 

Chicago    23.98 

12-16     9255     H.  L.  Pike,  expenses  attending  meeting  American 

Association  of  Fairs  and  Expositions,  Chicago  33.82 


12-16 

9245 

12-16 

9246 

12-16 

9247 

12-16 

9248 

12-16 

9249 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  361 

12-16     9256     A.  R.  Corey,  expenses  attending  meeting  American 

Association  of  Fairs  and  Expositions,  Cliicago. .  28.75 
12-16     9257     C.  E.  Cameron,  expenses  attending  meeting  Ameri- 
can Association  of  Fairs  and  Expositions,  Chi- 
cago                33.01 

12-18     9258     A.  R.  Corey,  Sec,  pay  roll  No.  1,  (groun;ds) : 
November  28-December  9,  inclusive. 
P.    M.    McCoy    and     team,     labor    on 

grounds,  12  days,  at  $4.00 $  48.00 

Ralph    Cressler,    labor   on    grounds,    18 

days,  at  $1.75    31.50 

J.   J.   Whitmer,    labor   on   grounds,    15 
days,   at   $2.00    30.00 


12-19 

9259 

12-19 

9260 

12-19 

9261 

12-19 

9262 

12-19 

9263 

12-19 

9264 

109.50 
Peter   Hopley  &   Son,    1st   premium   Belgian   Fu- 
turity 1911   100.00 

Peter  Hopley  &  Son,  1st  premium  Lefebure  Spe- 
cial 1911   40.00 

Frank  Huttenlocher  to  cover  old  premium  war- 
rants, issue  of  1893-1894 6.00 

J.  R.  Peak  &  Son,  refund  on  fine,  1911  fair 75.00 

Caslon  Printing  Co.,  miscellaneous  printing 13.50 

O.  A.  Olson,  expenses  attending  meeting  American 
Association  of  Fairs  and  Expositions,  Chicago.  37.05 
12-19       9265     E.  J.  Curtin,  expenses  attending  meeting  Ameri- 
can Association  of  Fairs  and  Expositions,  Chi- 
cago                35.60 

C.  A.  Nash,  salary  December,  1911 100.00 

Elsie  Colton,  salary  December,  1911  100.00 

J.  H.  Deemer,  salary  December,  1911 83.33 

C.  L.  Dahlberg,  IM  duplicate  letters  Pioneer  Day, 

1911    4.25 

Hal  Edwards,  shoeing  mule  team,  grounds 4.00 

W.  Burzacott,  scale  book  forage  department. .25 

Register  &  Leader  Co.,  advertising  power  plant 

equipment  for  sale   11.88 

Electrical   Review   Co.,   advertising   power   plant 

equipment  for  sale   18.00 

Des  Moines  Capital,  advertising  power  plant  equip- 
ment for  sale   11.76 

Robt.  F.  Hildebrand,  57  photos,  1911  fair 39.50 

A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  2  (grounds): 

December  11-December  30,  inclusive. 
Ed  McKowan,  cutting  wood,  7  days, 

41/0  hours,  at  $2.00   $         14.90 

Ralph   Cressler,   hauling   cinders,   12 
days,  at  $1.75  21.00 

35.90 


1-  3 

9266 

1-  3 

9267 

1-  3 

9268 

1-  4 

9269 

1-  5 

9270 

1-  6 

9271 

1-  6 

9272 

1-  6 

9273 

1-  6 

9274 

1-  6 

9275 

1-  6 

9276 

362  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

1-  6       9277     Eugene  Dietzgen  Co.,  15  brown  line  prints,  ground 

plans    23.24 

1-10      9278    Wellman  "Advance,"  country  newspaper  advertis- 
ing 1911    6.60 

1-11       9279     A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  3  (grounds): 
January  1-January  14,  inclusive. 
Chas.   Newell,   shoveling   snow,    41 14 

hours  at  20c $  8.30 

Henry  Grandgeorge,  shoveling  snow, 

361/2  hours  at  20c 7.30 

Glen     Wilson,     shoveling     snow,     4 
hours  at  20c .80 

0.  J.   Wilson,   shoveling   snow,    52 1/^ 

hours  at  20c 10.50 

D.    B.    Hughes,    shoveling    snow    42 

hours  at  20c 8.40 

S.   T.  Wilson,   shoveling  snow,   55 1^ 

hours  at  20c 11.10 

1.  J.  Whitmer,  shoveling  snow,  57 1/. 

hours  at  20c 11.50 

Ed  McKowan,   shoveling  snow,   48 1^ 

hours  at  20c 9.70 

Frank  Maricle,  shoveling  snow,  44% 

hours  at  20c 8.90 

Chas.  Brennan,  shoveling  snow,  44 1^ 

hours  at  20c 8.90 

Wm.    Wilkins,    shoveling    snow,    9% 

hours  at  20c   1.90 

H.  S.  Williams,  shoveling  snow,  29io 

hours  at  20c 5.90 

George  Whitney,  shoveling  snow,  68 1/^ 

hours  at  20c 13.70 

—  106.90 

1-16      9280     A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  4  (grounds) : 
Coops  and  Cinder  Hauling. 
P.  McCoy,  hauling  cinders,  7  loads  at 

90c    $  6.30 

F.  McCoy,  hauling  coops,  3  days  at 

$3.60  10.80 

Ralph    Cressler,    hauling   coops    and 

cinders,  12  days  at  $1.75 21.00 

F.  McCoy,  hauling  cinders,  41  loads 

at  90c 36.90 

75.00 

1-17       9281     Interstate  Realty  Co.,  additional  land 1,200.00 

1-25       9282     Billboard   Publishing   Co.,    subscription    2-4-12   to 

2-4-13    4.00 

J-25       9283     American  Shire  Horse  Association,  Vol.  6-7,  Amer- 
ican Shire  Horse  Stud  Book 3.0U 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


363 


1-2r. 

1-27 

1-27 

1-27 
1-30 
1-30 


9284  Corn  Belt  Meat  Producers  Association,  pro  rata 
share  exi)ense,  speakers,  and  reporting,  De- 
cember meeting-    

0285     (-.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 

committee  meeting   

9286  O.  A.  Olson,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive  com- 
mittee  meeting    

Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  for  board 

Interstate   Realty   Co.,   additional    land 

A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  5  (grounds)  : 

January  14-January  27,  inclusive, 
Ralph  Cressler,  hauling  cinders  and 

coops,  12  days  at  $1.75 $ 

Glen  Wilson,   hauling  cobps,   2   days 

at  $2.00   

F.  McCoy,  hauling  coops,  2  days  at 
$2.00    


9287 
9288 
9289 


21.00 


4.00 


4.00 


2-  3 

9290 

2-  3 

9291 

2-  3 

9292 

2-  3 

9293 

2-  3       9294 


2-  3       929,^ 


2-16 

9296 

2-16 

9297 

2-19 

9298 

C.  A.  Nash,  salary  January,  1912 

Elsie  Colton,  salary  January,  1912 

J.   H.   Deemer,  salary  January,   1912 

Minnie  Anderson,  extra  clerk,  24  days,  January 

1912    

Des    Moines    Electric    Co.,    balance    on    electrical 

supplies,  light  system,  1911 

A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  6  (grounds)  : 

Cinder  Hauling. 
Ralph    Cressler,    hauling    cinders,    12 

days    at    $1.75 $  21.00 

Inter  State  Realty  Co.,  additional  land 

Inter  State  Realty  Co.,  additional  land 

A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  7  (grounds) : 

Cinder  Hauling, 
Arthur    Brown,    hauling    cinders,    4 

loads  at  90c  $  3.60 

Arthur    Brown,    hauling    cinders,    8 

loads  at  90c  7,20 


2-20       9299     Inter  State  Realty  Co.,  additional  land 

2-20       9300     Inter  State  Realty  Co.,  additional  land 

2-20       9301     Inter  State  Realty  Co.,  additional  land 

2-28       9302     A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No,  8  (grounds) : 
February  8-February  24,  inclusive. 
Ralph    Cressler,    cinder    hauling,    12 

days  at  $1.75 $  21.00 

John  Potts,  cinder  hauling,  17  loads, 

at  90c 15,30 


33.22 

30.00 

31.50 

50.00 

325.00 


29.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 

50.32 

358.23 


21.00 

125.00 

1,000,00 


10.80 
320,00 
200.00 
450.00 


364  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

J.  L.  Moyer,  cinder  hauling,  22  loads, 

at  90c    19.80 

J.  L.  Moyer,  cinder  hauling,  59  loads, 

at  90c 53.10 

Wm.  Hirschman,  cinder  hauling,  24 

loads,  at  90c 21.60 

Wm.  Hirschman,  cinder  hauling,   16 

loads,  at  90c   14.40 

Gus  Theil,  cinder  hauling,   12  loads, 

at  90c    10.80 

J.  E.  Funk,  cinder  hauling,  38  loads, 

at  90c   34.20 

I.  B.  Brown,  cinder  hauling,  34  loads, 

at  90c 30.60 


2-29 

9305 

2-29 

9306 

2-29 

9307 

2-29 

9308 

2-29 

9309 

220.80 

2-28       9303     H.  L.  Pike,  per  diem  and  mileage,  meeting  pre- 
mium  list  revision   committee 32.00 

2-29       9304     R.  S.  Johnston,  per  diem  and  mileage,  meeting 

premium  list  revisiou  committee 27.80 

C.  A.  Nash,  salary  February,  1912 100.00 

Elsie  Colton,  salary  February,  1912 100.00 

J.  H.  Deemer,  salary  February,  1912 100.00 

Minnie  Anderson,  extra  clerk  February,  1912....  65.00 

A.   R.   Corey,   expense   attending  meeting  Iowa, 
Nebraska  and  South  Dakota  circuit,  Sioux  City  17.50 

2-29       9310     C.  E.  Cameron,  expense  attending  meeting  Iowa, 

Nebraska  and  South  Dakota  circuit,  Sioux  City.  10.04 

2-29       9311     C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 

committee  meeting   26.00 

McCray  Sign  Shop,  signs,  Pioneer  Day,  1911 15.20 

R.  L.  Polk  &  Co.,  1912  city  directory 7.00 

Hal  Edwards,  shoeing  team,  grounds 3.75 

Ora  Iseniinger,  88  bushels  corn,  feed  for  mule  and 

horse  teams,  grounds 56.32 

Inter  State  Realty  Co.,  additional  land 350.00 

A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  9  (grounds) : 

February  24-March  9,  inclusive. 
H.  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  grounds,  2 

days,  at  $2.50 $  5.00 

Aleck  McGregor,  labor  on  grounds,  5 

days,  9  hours,  at  $2.00 13.80 

Edward  Deemer,  labor  on  grounds,  6 

days,  at  $2.00 12.00 

Ed   McKowan,   labor   on   grounds,   5 

days,  IVa  hours,  at  $2.00 10.30 

J.  I.  Whitmer,  labor  on  grounds,   9 

days,  at  $2.00 18.00 


2-29 

9312 

3-  1 

9313 

3-  2 

9314 

3-  9 

9315 

3-11 

9316 

3-11 

9317 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  365 

Ralph  Cressler,  labor  on  grounds,  12 

days,  at  $1.75   21.00 

80.10 

3-12      9318    C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meet- 
ing      26.00 

3-12       9319     O.  A.  Olson,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meeting  27.50 

3-12       9320     R.  S.  Johnston,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meet- 
ing     27.80 

3-12      9321     C.  W.  Phillips,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meet- 
ing      33.00 

3-12       9322     Elmer  M.  Reeves,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board 

meeting    24.30 

3-12       9323     E.  J.  Curtin,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meeting  31.50 

3-12       9324     E.  M.  Wentworth,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board 

meeting  18.00 

3-12       9325     T.  C.  Legoe,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meeting  20.50 

3-12      9326     C.  P.  Curtiss,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meet- 
ing     15.70 

3-12       9327     John  P.  Mullen,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meet- 
ing      23.70 

3-12      9328     H.  L.  Pike,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meeting.  32.00 

3-12       9329     O.  A.  Olson,  expense  attending  meeting  Iowa,  Ne- 
braska and  South  Dakota  circuit,  Sioux  City. . .  18.16 

3-12      9330     E.    J.    Curtin,    expense    attending   meeting   Iowa, 

Nebraska  and  South  Dakota  circuit,  Sioux  City  20.37 

3-14       9331     Iowa   Telephone   Co.,    exchange   service   and   toll 

calls,  Oct.,  Nov.,  Dec,  1911,  Jan.,  Feb.,  1912 17.40 

3-15       9332     Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  40.00 

3-15       9333     Iowa   Press   Clipping   Bureau,   clippings  Oct.   11, 

1911,  to  March  11,  1912  20.00 

3-27      9334    C.    E.    Cameron,    expenses    attending    attraction 

meeting,  Chicago   34.96 

3-27       9335     A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  10  (grounds) : 
March  6-20,  inclusive. 
Sam  Grylls,  shoveling  snow,  2  days 

at  $2.00  $  4.00 

Jas.    Bennett,    labor    on    grounds,    3 

days,  ei/o  hours,  at  $2.00 7.30 

Chas.    Newell,    labor    on   grounds,    3 

days,  6Mj  hours,  at  $2.00 7.30 

Chas.    Branon,   labor   on   grounds,   7 

days,  3  hours,  at  $2.00 14.60 

E.    McKowan,    labor    on    grounds,    9 

days,  6  hours,  at  $2.00 19.20 

E.  H.  Deemer,   labor  on  grounds,   3 

days,  at  $2.00  • 6.00 

A.  McGregor,  labor  on  grounds,  9^ 

days,  at  $2.00 19.00 


366  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

H.   Grandgeorge,    labor   on   grounds, 

lOi/o  days,  at  $2.50 26.25 

J.  I.  Whitmer,  labor  on  grounds,  11^ 

days  at  $2.00  23.00 

Ralph  Cressler,  labor  on  grounds,  10 
days,  at  $1.75    17.50 


3-30 

9336 

3-30 

9337 

3-30 

9338 

3-30 

9339 

3-30 

9340 

3-30 

9341 

144.15 

C.  A.  Nash,  salary  March 100.00 

Elsie  Colton,  salary  March  100.00 

J.  H.  Deemer,  salary  March  100.00 

Edith  K.  Smith,  salary  March   75.00 

Minnie  Anderson,  extra  clerk  March 65.00 

Wetherell  &  Gage,   plans   and   prints,   Machinery 

Hall  curbing   10.80 

3-30      9342     0.  A.  Olson,  expenses  attending  attraction  meet- 
meeting,  Chicago   46.37 

4-  2       9343     O.    A.    Olson,    per    diem    and    mileage,    executive 

committee  meeting 27.50 

4-  2       9344     C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 

committee  meeting    26.00 

4-  3       9345     W.  C.  Brown,  expenses  attending  attraction  meet- 
ing,   Chicago    42.70 

W.  C.  Brown,  privilege  work 20.00 

Iowa  State  College,  expense  account  1911  college 

exhibit  .75 

Inter  State  Realty  Co.,  additional  land 400.00 

Inter  State  Realty  Co.,  additional  land 1,050.00 

Clifford  C.  Heer,  6  days  extra  clerk,  April 15.00 

A.  R.  Corey,  expenses  attending  Chicago  attrac- 
tion meeting   36.25 

4-  6       9352     C.    F.    Curtiss,    per    diem   and    mileage,    meeting 

premium  list  revision  committee 23.10 

4-10      9353    A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  11  (grounds) : 

March  26-April  6,  inclusive. 

Z.    A.    Oliver,    labor    on    race    track,    1 

day  at  $2.00 $  2.00 

Chas.    Brannen,   labor   on   grounds,    12 

days  at  $2.00   24.00 

Ralph   Cressler,   labor   on   grounds,    12 

days  at  $1.75  21.00 

Sam  Grylls,  labor  on  grounds,  8  days, 

2  hrs.  at  $2.00    16.40 

H.  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  grounds,  10 

days  at  $2.50  25.00 

J.    I.    Whitmer,    labor   on    grounds,    12 

days  at  $2.00 ■ 24.00 

H.  P.  Stouffer,  labor  on  grounds,  1  day 

at  $3.00   3.00 


4-  3 

9346 

4-  4 

9347 

4-  5 

9348 

4-  5 

9349 

4-  6 

9350 

4-  6 

9351 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  367 

J.  E.  Funk,  hauling  cinders,  12  loads 

at  90c    10.80 

J.  L.  Moyer,  hauling  cinders,  52  loads 

at  90c    46.80 

E.  E.  Murphy,  labor  on  race  track,  1 

day  at  $2.00  2.00 

Wm.    Hirschman,    hauling   cinders,     36 

loads  at  90c    32.40 

Wm.  Hirschman,  labor  on  race  track,  1 

day  at  $4.00  4.00 

Ed  McKowan,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days 

at  $2.00  22.00 

Dan  Doughenbaugh,  hauling  cinders,  6 

loads  at  90c  5.40 

Dan  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  race  track, 

1  day  at  $4.00   4.00 

242.80 

4-10       9354     American  Surety  Co.,  premium  Secy's  bond  1912.  25.00 

4-11       9355     Potts  Bros.,  1st  estimate  cement  floor  work,  ag- 

gricultural   hall    600.00 

4-12       9356     Tuttle's  Letter  Shop,  625  multigraph  letters  and 

folding   10,000  circulars    7.00 

4-12      9357     O.  A.  Olson,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive  com- 
mittee meeting   27.50 

4-12       9358     C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 

committee  meeting   30.00 

4-13       9359     C.  F.  Curtiss,  expenses  investigating  Hunt  Club 

exhibit  42.45 

4-16       9360     Stella   Henderson,    part   payment   rent,   10    acres 

north  of  grounds   50.00 

4-16      9361    Matilda  Winterrowd,  part  payment  rent,  10  acres 

north  of  grounds  50.00 

4-16      9362     Iowa  Association  Co.  and  District  Fair  Managers, 

pro  rata  expense  annual  meeting 7.00 

4-19      9363     The  Journal-Herald,  advertising  1911  fair 7.04 

4-19      9364     The  Osborne  Co.,  2,0'00  monthly  calendars 60.00 

4-20      9365    J.  M.  Henderson,  40  bushels  corn,  feed  for  mule 

and  horse  teams,  grounds 24.00 

4-25      9366    Potts  Bros.,  2d  estimate  cement  floor  work,  ag- 
ricultural hall  600.00 

4-25       9367     A.  R.  Corey,  pay  roll  No.  12  (grounds): 

April  7-20  inclusive. 

Henry  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  grounds, 

10  days  at  $2.50 $  25.00 

Chas.  Brennan,  labor  on  grounds,  9  days 
at  $2.00 18.00 

George  Whitney,  foreman,  12  days  at 
$2.25 27.00 


368  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Dan  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

10'  days,  4  hrs.  at  $4.00 41.60 

I.  J.  Whitmer,  labor  on  grounds,  12  days 

at  $2.00 24.00 

E.  E.  Murphy,  labor  on  grounds,  9  days 

at  $2.00 18.00 

Sam  Grylls,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days 

at  $2.00 22.00 

Ed  McKowan,  labor  on  grounds,  10% 

days  at  $2.00  21.00 

Earl  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

11  days  at  $2.00   22.00 

Ralph   Cressler,   labor   on   grounds,    12 

days  at  $2.00  24.00 

Alex   McGregor,   labor   on   grounds,   11 

days  at  $2.00    22.00 

I.  B.  Brown,  labor  on  grounds,  9  days, 

4  hrs.  at  $4.00 37.60 

H.  P.  Stouffer,  labor  on  grounds,  8  days, 

2  hrs.  at  $3.00  24.60 

Caleb  Johns,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

7  hrs.  at  $4.00  46.80 

Dallas  Swartz,  labor  on  grounds,  3  days 

at  $2.00   6.00 

379.60 

4-25  9368  Register  &  Leader  Co.,  subscription  2-1-12  to  2-1-13  6.00 
4-27      9369     C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 

committee  meeting   34.00 

4-27      9370     0.    A.    Olson,    per    diem    and    mileage,    executive 

committee  meeting 31.50 

4-27      9371    F.  E.  Sheldon,  special  committee  work  checking 

over  plans,  agricultural  hall  floor 20.30 

4-27      9372    J.   P.  Mullen,   special  committee   work   checking 

over  plans,  machinery  hall  floor 23'.70 

4-27      9373     E.  J.  Curtin,  special  committee  work,  new  speed 

barn 31.50 

4-29      9374    Wm.   Folk,   sharpening  disc,   grounds 3.00 

4-29      9375     Inter  State  Realty  Co.,  additional  land 900.00 

4-29      9376    H.   M.   Jones,  second  hand  manure  spreader  for 

grounds  7.00 

4-30      9377     C.  A.  Nash,  salary  April  100.00 

4-30       9378     Elsie  Colton,  salary  April   100.00 

4-30       9379     J.  H.  Deemer,  salary  April 100.00 

4-30      9380     Edith  K.  Smith,  salary  April  75.00 

4-30      9381     Minnie  Anderson,  extra  clerk  April   65.00 

4-30      9382     Genevieve  Kelly,  extra  clerk  April 65.00 

4-30      9383     Helena  Lynch,  extra  clerk,  22 1/2    days,  April 56.25 

4-30      9384     Cynthia  Taylor,  extra  clerk  191/2  days,  April 48.75 

4-30      9385    Bess  Williams,  extra  clerk  191/3  days,  April 48.75 


5- 

6 

9390 

5- 

6 

9391 

5- 

6 

9392 

5- 

7 

9393 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  369 

4-30      9386     American  Association  Fairs  and  Expositions,  pro 

rata  expense  bill  25.00 

5-  4       9387     C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 

committee  meeting  26.00 

5-  4       9388     O.    A.    Olson,    per    diem    and    mileage,    executive 

committee  meeting   27.50 

5-  4       9389     C.  F.   Curtiss,   special  committee  work,   opening 

bids  new  horse  barn  11.70 

W.  C.  Brown,  privilege  work 24.00 

Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  60.00 

Cynthia  Taylor,  five  days  extra  clerk.  May 12.50 

A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  13  (grounds): 

April  21-May  24,  inclusive. 
Chas.  Morrison,  labor  on  grounds,  4 

days,  at  $3.50 $  14.00 

E.  H.  Deemer,  labor  on  grounds,  10 

days,  6  hours,  at  $2.00 21.20 

H.  P.  Stouffer,   labor  on  grounds,   8 

days,  2  hours,  at  $3.00 24.60 

Geo.  Whitney,   foreman,   12   days,  at 

$2.25    27.00 

Henry  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  grounds, 

6  days,  6  hours,  at  $2.50 16.50 

Chas.    Brennan,    labor    on    grounds, 

10  days,  at  $2.00 20.00 

I.  J.  Whitmer,  labor  on  grounds,  12 

days,  at  $2.00 24.00 

E.   E.  Murphy,   labor  on  grounds,   8 

days,  at  $2.00 16.00 

Sam    Grylls,    labor    on    grounds,    10 

days,  at  $2.00   20.00 

Ed  McKowan,   labor  on  grounds,  11 

days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00 23.00 

E.  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

11  days,  at  $2.00 22.00 

Alex  McGregor,  labor  on  grounds,  5 

days,  at  $2.00 10.00 

Dallas   Swartz,   labor  on   grounds,   9 

days,   at   $2.00    18.00 

Ralph    Cressler,    labor    on    grounds, 

12  days,  at  $2.00 24.00 

Dan  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

12  days,  at  $4.00   48.00 

I.    B.   Brown,    labor   on   grounds,    11 

days,    at   $4.00    44.00 

Caleb    Johns,    labor    on    grounds,    8 

days,  5  hours,  at  $4.00   34.00 

24 


!70  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Russell    Mote,    labor    on    grounds,    2 

days,  at  $2.00  4.00 

Theo.   Broerman,    labor    on    grounds, 

1    day,    at    $1.75    1.75 

E.    A.    Peterson,    labor    on    grounds, 

1  day,  at  $2.25 2.25 

414.30 

5-  7       9394     American     Trotting     Registry     Association,     one 

copy.  Volume  No.  27    5.00 

5-  7       9395     Adams  Express  Co.,  express  bills,  January,  Febru- 
ary, March,  April    , 2.23 

5-  7       9396     American  Express  Co.,   express  bills,   November, 

January,  February,  March,  April    11.55 

5-  7       9397       Bureau  of  Advertising,   650  multigraph  letters, 

3    forms    5.00 

5-  7       9398     Des  Moines  Admens  Club,  dues,  1912    10.00 

5-  7      9399     Des  Moines   Water   Co.,    water   bills,   November, 

1911,   to   April,    1912,   inclusive    47.06 

5-  7  9400  Des  Moines  Rubber  Stamp  Works,  rubber  stamps  2.95 
5-  7  9401  Ferguson  Printing  Co.,  miscellaneous  printing..  16.75 
5-  7  9402  J.  E.  Graff,  second  hand  cash  register  and  drugs.  30.25 
5-  7  9403  S.  Joseph  &  Sons,  engraving  cups  for  1911  fair..  1.56 
5-  7  9404  Fred  Hahne  Printing  Co.,  lOM  light  enclosures..  12.50 
5-  7  9405  U.  S.  Express  Co.,  express  bills,  January,  Feb- 
ruary,   March    5.30 

5-  7       9406     Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  express  bills,  November,  1911, 

January,  February  and  March,  1912   6.37 

5-  7       9407     Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.,  messages,  Decem- 
ber,  1911,   to  April,   1912,   inclusive    14.48 

5-  7      9408     D.  K.  Ziegler,  seven  salt  barrels,   (grounds),  1911  .70 

5-  7      9409     Commercial  Club,  reservation.  Booster  Excursion, 

May   14-16    35.00 

5-  8      9410     Potts   Bros.,   third   estimate   cement   floors,   agri- 
cultural   and    machinery   halls    600.00 

5-10      9411    Des  Moines   Daily  News,   subscription,   1-1-12   to 

1-1-13    3.65 

5-10      9412     Genevieve  Kelley,  eight  days,  extra  clerk,  May..  20.00 

5-11      9413    L.  H.  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  2,500  "Greater  Iowa".  25.00 

5-14      9414     L.  H.  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  2,050  "Greater  Iowa".  20.00 

5-17       9415     Spirit  of  the  West,  advertising  speed  program..  62.50 

5-17       9416     C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 

committee  meeting   30.00 

5-17       9417     O.  A.  Olson,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive  com- 
mittee  meeting    31.50 

5-18       9418     Ben  J.  Ness,  sheriff,  additional  land  condemned       3,049.50 
5-18      9419     Helena  Lynch,  16  days,  extra  clerk.  May 40.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  371 

5-21       9420     A.  R.  Corey,  secretary  pay  roll  No.  14  (grounds): 
May  5-18  inclusive. 
Geo.    Whitney,    foreman,    12    days,    at 

$2.25     $  27.00 

Harry  Baker,  labor  on  grounds,  8  days, 

9  hours,  at  $3.00  26.70 

T.  W.  Davis,  labor  on  grounds,  1  day, 

•     at   $2.50    2.50 

Dan  Hoppes,  labor  on  grounds,  8  days, 
at    $2.50    20.00 

D.  C.  King,  labor  on  grounds,  4  days, 

at    $2.50    10.00 

Arthur  Dunkin,   labor  on  grounds,   11 

days,  5  hours,  at  $2.50  28.75 

H.    P.    Stouffer,    labor    on    grounds,    6 

days,  at  $3.00   18.00 

Wm.  Deets,  labor  on  grounds,   8  13-20 

days,  at  $3.00   25.95 

W.    Warrington,    labor    on    grounds,    2 

days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00  5.00 

Oscar    Johnson,    labor    on    grounds,    6 

days,   1   hour,   at  $2.25    13.72 

E,  H.    Deemer,    labor   on    grounds,    12 

days,   at   $2.00    24.00 

E.    A.    Peterson,    labor    on    grounds,    6 

days,   6   hours,   at   $2.25    14.85 

John  Olson,  labor  on  grounds,  5  days, 

at  $2.00   10.00 

Alvie  Wilson,  labor  on  grounds,  6  3-20 

days,  at  $2.00    12,30 

Wesley  Strait,  labor  on  grounds,  7  3-20 

days,    at   $1.00    7.15 

Wm,    Lee,    labor    on    grounds,    8    13-20 

days,    at    $2.00    17.30 

Chas.  Hiatt,  labor  on  grounds,  8  13-20 

days  at  $2.00 17.30 

John  Brown,  labor  on  grounds,  9  3-20 

days,  at  $2.00    18.30 

Theo.   Broerman,   labor   on   grounds,   6 

days,   5    hours,    $1.75    11.37 

Russel  Mote,  labor  on  grounds,  7  13-20 

days,  at  $2.00   15.30 

Dallas    Swartz,    labor    on    grounds,    9 

days,  at  $2.00    18.00 

E.    Doughenbaugh,    labor    on    grounds, 

10  13-20  days,  at  $2.00    21.30 

Ed     McKowan,      labor     on     grounds, 

10  13-20  days,  at  $2.00 2L30 


372  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Sam  Grylls,  labor  on  grounds,  10  3-20 

days,  at  $2.00   20.30 

E.    E.    Murphy,    labor   on    grounds,    4 

days,    at   $2.00    8,00 

I.   J.   Whitmer,   labor   on   grounds,    11 

days,  at  $2.00   22.00 

Chas.    Brennan,    labor   on   grounds,    12 

days,    at   $2.00    24.00 

Henry  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  grounds, 

11  days,   at  $2.50    27.50 

Caleb  Johns,  labor  on  grounds,  1  7-10 

days,  at  $4.00   6.80 

Chas.   Morrison,  labor  on  grounds,  12 

days,  at  $3.50   42.00 

Dan  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

10  3-20  days,  at  $4.00  40.60 

I.  B.  Brown,  labor  on  grounds,  9  3-20 

days,  at  $4.00    36.60 

Ralph   Cressler,    labor   on   grounds,    12 

days,    at    $2.00    24.00 

637.89 

5-21      9421     Capital  City  Construction  Co.,  engineering  serv- 
ices agricultural  hall  floor   37.00 

5-27       9422     Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  40.00 

5-28      9423     Inter-State  Realty  Co.,  additional  land   350.00 

5-28       9424     Inter-State  Realty  Co.,  additional  land    200.00 

5-28       0425     Billboard  Publishing  Co.,  advertising  Chicago  at- 
traction meeting   5.00 

5-29       9426     Potts   Bros.,   fourth   estimate  cement  floor  work, 

machinery   hall    600.00 

5-29      9427     Elsie  Colton,  salary,  May,  1912  100.00 

5-31       9428     W.  C.  Brown,  privilege  work   40.00 

6-  1       9429     C.  A.  Nash,  salary,  May,  1912    100.00 

6-  1       9430     J.  H.  Deemer,  salary.  May,  1912   100.00 

6-  1       9431     Edith  K.   Smith,   stenographer,  May,   1912    75.00 

6-  1       9432     Minnie  Anderson,  extra  clerk.  May,  1912 65.00 

6-  1       9433     Bess  Williams,  extra  clerk.  May,  1912 65.00 

6-  1       9434     Wilcox  Howell  Hopkins  Co.,  insurance  premiums  105.00 

6-  1       9435     C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 

committee    meeting    30.00 

6-  1      9436     O.  A.  Olson,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive  com- 
mittee  meeting    31.50 

6-  1      9437     Liebbe,  Nourse  &  Rasmussen,  first  payment  archi- 
tect fees,  new  horse  barn   200.00 

6-  4      9438     A.  R.  Corey,  secretary  pay  roll  No.  15,  (grounds) : 
May  19 — June  1,  inclusive. 
Harry    Baker,    labor    on    grounds,    10 

days,    9    hours,    at    $3.00    $         32.70 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  373 

Geo.    Whitney,    foreman,    13    days,    7 

hours,   at   $2.25    30.83 

Earl  D'oughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

6  days,  at  $2.00   12.00 

Dan  Doughenhaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

11  days,  5  hours,  at  $4.00 46.00 

Bert  Bartlett,  labor  on  grounds,  8  3-20 

days,  at  $2.25   18.68 

Wm.  Koch,  labor  on  grounds,  10  days, 

at  $2.25   22.50 

E.    H.    Deemer,    labor   on    grounds,    11 

days,  1  hour,  at  $2.00 22.20 

W.    J.    Hillis,    labor    on    grounds,    10 

days,   at   $1.75    17.50 

W.  E.  Brown,  labor  on  grounds,  9  17-20 

days,    at   $2.00    19.70 

Robt.  Johns,  labor  on  grounds,  5  days, 

at  $2.00  10.00 

Geo.  Jones,  labor  on  grounds,  5  days, 

at  $2.00  10.00 

Ralph   Cressler,   labor   on   grounds,   12 

days,  at  $2.00   24.00 

I.    B.    Brown,    labor    on    grounds,    10 

days,  at  $4.00   40.00 

Chas.  Morrison,   labor  on  grounds,   12 

days,  at  $3.50   42.00 

Caleb  Johns,  labor  on  grounds,  4  days, 

at   $2.00    8.00 

Henry  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  grounds, 

6  days,  5  hours,  at  $2.50   16.25 

P.    A.    Bucher,    labor    on    grounds,    2 

days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00   5.00 

Henry  Kurtz,  labor  on  grounds,  1  day, 

at   $2.00    2.00 

Chas.    Brennan,    labor    on    grounds,    8 

days,  at  $2.00   16.00 

I.   J.   Whitmer,   labor   on   grounds,    11 

days,   at   $2.00    22.00 

Sam  Grylls,  labor  on  grounds,  10  days, 

at  $2.00  20.00 

Ed  McKowan,  labor  on  grounds,  9  17-20 

days,  at  $2.00 19.70 

Dallas    Swartz,    labor    on    grounds,    8 

days,  at  $2.00   16.00 

Theo.  Broerman,  labor  on  grounds,  10 

days,  3  hours,  at  $1.75  18.03 

Emanuel  Hughes,  labor  on  grounds,  3 
days,  at  $2.00 6.00 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURfi 

Jno.  Brown,  labor  on  grounds,  10  7-20 

days,    at   $2.00    20.70 

Chas.  Hiatt,  labor  on  grounds,  5  days, 

at  $2.00   10.00 

Wm.   Lee,   labor  on   grounds,   10   17-20 

days,  at  $2.00   21.70 

Wesley  Strait,  labor  on  grounds,  6  days, 

at    $1.00    6.00 

Alvie  Wilson,  labor  on  grounds,  7  days, 

at    $2.00    14.00 

John  Olson,  labor  on  grounds,  8  days, 

at   $2.00    16.00 

Oscar    Johnson,    labor    on    grounds,    9 

days,   6   hours,   at   $2.25    21.60 

Wm.  Deets,  labor  on  grounds,  10  17-20 

days,    at   $3.00    32.55 

E.    A.    Peterson,    labor    on    grounds,    9 

days,   6   hours,   at   $2.25    21.60 

J.  W.  Sockrider,  labor  on  grounds,  10 

days,    at    $2.00     20.00 

W.   Warrington,   labor  on  grounds,   10 

days,    at   $2.00    20.00 

T.    W.    Davis,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,    at    $2.50    27.50 

Dan    Hoppes,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,  5  hours,  at  $2.50    28.75 

A.  W.  Shaw,  labor  on  grounds,  1  day, 

9   hours,   at  $2.00    3.80 

E.  Schmidt,  labor  on  grounds,  2  days, 

5  hours,  at  $2.25 5.63 

D.  C.  King,  labor  on  grounds,  5  days, 

5  hours,  at  $2.50   13.75 

Arthur     Dunkin,     labor     oif    grounds, 

7  15-20  days,  at  $2.50  19.37 

H.    P.    Stouffer,    labor    on    grounds,    7 

days,  5  hours,  at  $3.00   22.50 


822.54 


6-  4      9439     S.    H.    Johnston,    services    stallion    examination. 

Cooper,    Iowa    15.00 

6-  4       9440     C.     H.     Stange,     services     stallion     examination. 

Cooper,    Iowa    12.00 

6-  4  9441  O.  A.  Olson,  expenses  aeroplane  committee  meet- 
ing      3.25 

6-  4  9442  A.  R.  Corey,  expenses  aeroplane  committee  meet- 
ing      4.50 

6-  4      9443    Savery  Hotel  Co.,  expenses  aeroplane  committee 

meeting    6.80 

6-  4      9444     C.  A.  Nash,  expenses  jobbers  excursion 1.50 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII      375 

6-  4       9445     S.    K.    Noland,  auctioneer,    services    house    sale, 

May   31st    20.00 

6-  7      9446     Potts  Bros.,  2d  estimate  machinery  hall  floor 600.00 

6-11      9447     Iowa  Telephone  Co.,  toll  bills,  Ames  station .70 

6-11      9448    H.  M.  Kinsell,  moving  Crawford  house,  additional 

land    125.00 

6-11      9449    A.  Olson,  laying  5M  shingles,  weather  and  crop 

office    6.25 

6-14  9450  Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  2M  "Greater  Iowa"..  20.00 
6-15      9451     Des    Moines    Commercial    Club,    dues,    5-11-11   to 

5-11-12     15.00 

6-15       9452     Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  2,600  "Greater  Iowa"  26.00 

6-17       9458     Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage 60.00 

6-17       9454    F.  L.  Buck,  services  stallion  examination.  Cooper, 

Iowa    11.50 

6-17       9455     A.  R.  Corey,  secretary  pay  roll  No.  16,  (grounds) : 
June  2-15,  inclusive. 

Harry  Baker,  labor  on  grounds,  11  1-20 

days,  at  $3.00 $         33.15 

Geo.    Whitney,    foreman,    14    days,    4 

hours,  at  $2.25   32.40 

Wm.  Koch,  labor  on  grounds,  7  days, 

at  $2.25   15.75 

Ralph   Cressler,   labor   on   grounds,   11 

days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00   23.00 

Geo.  W.  Williams,  labor  on  grounds,  5 

days,  914  hours,  at  $2.00   11.90 

I.    B.    Brown,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,  IMi  hours,  at  $4.00  44.60 

Chas.  Morrison,  labor  on  grounds,  12 

days,  at  $3.50 42.00 

Caleb   Johns,   labor   on   race  track,    1 

day,  &  hours,  at  $4.00    6.00 

Caleb   Johns,   labor   on   race   track,    1 

day,  at  $2.00   2.00 

P.   A.   Boucher,   labor  on   grounds,   11 

days,  at  $2.00   22.00 

Henry  Kurtz,  labor  on  grounds,  11  1-20 

days,  at  $2.00   22.10 

W.    E.    Brown,    labor   on    grounds,    10 

days,  1^2  hours,  at  $2.00  20.30 

Chas.    Brennan,    labor    on    grounds,    8 

days,  9  hours,  at  $2.00   17.80 

Henry  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  grounds, 

8  days,  91/2  hours,  at  $2.50  22.37 

I.   J.   Whitmer,   labor   on    grounds,    12 

days,   at   $2.00    , 24.00 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Sam  Grylls,  moving  barns,  10  days,  l^^ 

hours,  at  $2.00 20.30 

E.  McKowan,  mowing  grass,  10  days,  at 

$2.00    20.00 

Theo.  Broerman,  labor  on  grounds,  11 

days,  5  hours,  at  $1.75  20.12 

Emanuel    Hughes,    labor    on    grounds, 

11   days,   1  hour,   at  $2.00    22.20 

John  Brown,  labor  on  grounds,  8  days, 

11/2   hours,   at  $2.00    16.30 

Wm.   Lee,   moving  barns,   9    days,    Gi'o 

hours,   at  $2.00    19.30 

John  Olson,   labor  on  grounds,   7   9-10 

days,  at  $2.00    15.80 

Earl  Doughenbaugh,  moving  barns,  10 

days,  2  hours,  at  $2.00   20.40 

E.   H.    Deemer,    labor   on   grounds,    12 

days,   at   $2.00    24.00 

Carl  P.  Anderson,  painting,  9i/4  hours, 

at  $2.00  1.90 

J.   H.   Greenwood,   plants   and   flowers, 

2  days,  at  $1.75   3.50 

D.  B.  Hughes,  labor  on  grounds,  8  8-10 

days,   at   $2.00    17.60 

Harry    Williams,     labor    on    grounds, 

10  3-20  days,  at  $2.00 20.30 

Walter    Hunt,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,   at   $2.50    27.50 

G.  E.  Buck,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

at  $2.50  27.50 

A.  W.  Wiehn,  labor  on  grounds,  9  17-20 

days,  at  $2.00   19.70 

Erwin    Deemer,    labor    on    grounds,    6 

days,  at  $1.50   9.00 

L.  Redington,  labor  on  grounds,  4  7-10 

days,   at  $4.00    18.80 

Wm.  Waller,  labor  on  grounds,  4  17-20 

days,  at  $2.00   9.70 

W.  Warrington,   labor  on  grounds,   12 

days,  at  $2.00   24.00 

Wm.  Deets,  labor  on  grounds,  11  3-20 

days,   at  $3.00    33.45 

A.  W.  Shaw,  labor  on  grounds,  12  days, 

at   $2.00    24.00 

D.  C.  King,  labor  on  grounds,  5  days, 

5  hours,  at  $2.50   13.75 

J.  W.  Sackrider,  labor  on  grounds,  12 

days,  at  $2.00   24.00 


6-20 

9456 

6-21 

9457 

6-21 

9458 

6-21 

9459 

6-21 

9460 

6-21 

9461 

6-21 

9462 

6-22 

9463 

6-22 

9464 

6-22 

9465 

6-22 

9466 

6-24 

9467 

6-25 

9468 

6-25 

9469 

6-25 

9470 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  377 

T.  W.  Davis,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

5  hours,  at  $2.50   28.75 

Arthur  Duncan,   labor  on  grounds,  10 

days,  6  hours,  at  $2.50  26.50 

Dan    Hoppes,    labor    on    grounds,    12 

days,  at  $2.50 30.00 

H.    P.    Stouffer,   labor   on   grounds,    11 

days,    at   $3.00    33.00 

Roy  Pinley,  labor  on  grounds,  3  days, 

at   $1.75    5.25 

Don  Paul,  labor  on  grounds,   10  days, 

at  $1.75   17.50 

Leo    Paul,   labor   on    grounds,    9    days, 

at  $L25 11.25 

Dan  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

11  days,  2  hours,  at  $4.00   44.80 

Geo.    Whitmer,    labor    on    grounds,    5 

days,  7  hours,  at  $1.75   9.98 

"W.  J.  Hillis,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

3  hours,   at  ^1.75    19.78 

1,019.30 

A.  Olson,  laying  6i/4M  shingles,  barber  shop 7.80 

Potts  Bros.,  3d  estimate  machinery  hall  floor 600.00 

J.  P.  Summers,  expenses  attending  meeting  (Chi- 
cago) American  Association  Pairs  and  Exposi- 
tions,   1911    35.70 

J.   P.   Summers,   special   committee,   work,   sheep 

department    28.00 

C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 
committee  meeting 56.00 

R.  S.  Johnston,  per  diem  and  mileage,  auditing 
committee  meeting  31.80 

J.  P.  Summers,  special  committee  work,  correct- 
ing awards,  sheep  department 24.00 

H.  M.  Kinsell,  moving  Cruikshank  house,  addi- 
tional   land    75.00 

O.  A.  Olson,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive  com- 
mittee  meeting    51.00 

C.  P.  Curtiss,  special  committee  work  to  consider 
special    attractions    7.70 

E.  J.  Curtin,  special  committee  work  contracting 
score   card   privilege    39.50 

Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  2,750  premium  lists. .  110.00 

J.  V.  Lindsey,  59  1-16  bushels  oats,  feed  for  mule 
and  horse  teams,  (grounds)   33.95 

A.  P.  Vrenderburg,  secretary  license  fee,  dog  show  40.00 

A.  L.  Denio,  special  committee  work,  speed  de- 
partment      45.46 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


6-25       9471     E.  M.  Wentworth,  special  committee  work,  laying 

out  camp  grounds   18.00 

6-27       9472     J.  E.  Lovejoy,  first  estimate  new  horse  barn  ....  5,600.00 

6-28       9473     W,  C.  Brown,  privilege  work 52.00 

6-28       9474     Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage    40.00 

6-28       9475     American    Trotting    Association,    part    payment 

dues,    1912    24.95 

6-28       9476     American  Trotting  Association,  balance  payment 

dues,   1912    75.05 

6-28       9477     Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  2M  premium  lists 80.00 

6-29       9478     C.  A.  Nash,  salary,  June,  1912  100.00 

6-29       9479    Elsie  Colton,  salary,  June,  1912 100.00 

6-29       9480     J.  H.  Deemer,  salary,  June,  1912 100.00 

6-29       9481     Edith  K.  Smith,  salary,  June,  1912   85.00 

6-29       9482     Minnie  Anderson,  extra  clerk,  June,  1912  65.00 

6-29       9483     Bess  Williams,  extra  clerk,  June,  1912 65.00 

6-29       9484     Clifford  Heer,  extra  clerk,  18  days,  June,  1912..  45.00 

6-29      9485     Buena  Reed,  extra  clerk,  3  days,  June,  1912 6.75 

6-29       9486     J.  H.  Deemer,  expenses  trip,  Minnesota  state  fair 

grounds,  plans  for  new  bleachers  17.20 

6-29      9487    A.  R.  Corey,  expenses  trip,  Minnesota  state  fair 

grounds,   plans  for  new  bleachers    17.20 

7-  1       9488     Chase  &  West,  furnishings,  Administration  build- 
ing      16.90 

7-  1      9489     Potts  Bros.,  fourth  estimate  machinery  hall  floor.  500.00 

7-  1       9490     Hal  Edwards,  horseshoeing  &  repairs,   (grounds)  6.40 

7-  1       9491     U.  S.  Mote,  mower  repairs,  (grounds) 4.00 

7-  2      9492     A.  R.  Corey,  secretary  pay  roll  No.  17  (grounds) : 

June  16-29,  Inclusive. 

Geo.    Whitney,    foreman,    13    days,    6 

hours,  at  $2.25   $  30.60 

Harry    Baker,    labor    on    grounds,    10 

days,  8  hours,  at  $3.00   32.40 

H.    P.    Stouffer,    labor   on    grounds,    12 

days,  at  $3.00   36.00 

Dan    Hoppes,    labor    on    grounds,    12 

days,  at  $2.50    30.00 

Arthur   Duncan,    labor   on   grounds,    6 

days,  at  $2.50    15.00 

T.    W.    Davis,    labor    on    grounds,    12 

days,  at  $2.50    30.00 

J.  W.  Sackrider,  labor  on  grounds,  12 

days,  at  $2.00    24.00 

D.  C.  King,  labor  on  grounds,  6  days, 

at  $2.50 15.00 

Chas.  Beese,  labor  on  grounds,  5  days, 

at  $2.00   10.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  379 

Roy  Finley,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

9  hours,  at  $2.00   23.80 

A.  W.  Shaw,  labor  on  grounds,  12  days, 

at   $2.00    24.00 

A.    W.    Deets,    labor    on    grounds,    12 

days,    at   $3.00    36.00 

W.  Warrington,   labor  on   grounds,   12 

days,  at  $2.00    24.00 

Leo  Paul,  labor  on  grounds,   12   days, 

at   $1.25    15.00 

Don  Paul,  labor  on  grounds,  12  days, 

at    $2.00    24.00 

Wm.  Waller,  labor  on  grounds,  12  days, 

at  $2.00   24.00 

P.    Redington,    labor    on    grounds,    7 

days,  at  $4.00   28.00 

Erwln   Deemer,   labor   on   grounds,    12 

days,    at   $1.50    18.00 

A.    W.    Wiehn,    labor    on    grounds,    12 

days,  at  $2.00 24.00 

G.  E.  Buck,  labor  on  grounds,  9  days, 

1  hour,  at  $2.50 22.75 

Walter    Hunt,    labor    on    grounds,    12 

days,  at  $3.00    36.00 

Harry  Williams,  labor  on  grounds,  12 

days,  at  $2.00    24.00 

D.  B.    Hughes,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,  6  hours,  at  $2.00    23.20 

E,  H.    Deemer,    labor   on    grounds,    11 

days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00  23.00 

Earl  D'oughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

12  days,  at  $2.00    24.00 

Jno.  Olson,  labor  on  grounds,  12  days, 

at  $2.00  24.00 

Wm.    Lee,    labor    on    grounds,    1    day, 

at  $2.00   2.00 

Emanuel  Hughes,  labor  on  grounds,  11 

days,  1  hour,  at  $2.00   22.20 

Sam  Grylls,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

2  hours,  at  $2.00    22.40 

Geo.    Whitmer,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,  6  hours,  at  $1.75  20.30 

I.    J.    Whitmer,    labor    on    grounds,    12 

days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00    25.00 

Henry  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  grounds, 

9  days,  9  hours,  at  $2.50  24.75 

Chas.    Brennan,    labor   on    grounds,    12 

days,    at    $2.00    24.00 


380  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

W.  E.  Brown,  labor  on  ground,  1  day, 

at    $2.00    2.00 

W.  J.  Hillis,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

6  hours,  at  $1.75 20.30 

Henry  Kurtz,  labor  on  grounds,  11 19-20 

days,    at   $2.00    23.90 

P.   A.   Boucher,   labor   on   grounds,    12 

days,   at   $2.00    24.00 

Caleb  Johns,  labor  on  grounds,  2  days, 

at   $4.00    8.00 

Chas.  Morrison,  labor  on  grounds,   13 

days,  3  hours,  at  $3.50 46.55 

Dan  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

121/2  days,  at  $4.00   50.00 

I.  B.  Brown,  labor  on  grounds,  13  days, 

at  $4.00   52.00 

Ralph   Cressler,   labor   on   grounds,   11 

days,    at   $2.00    22.00 

Geo.   W.   Williams,   labor   on   grounds, 

11  days,  6  hours,  at  $2.00    23.20 

Dallas    Swartz,    labor    on    grounds,    8 

days,  at  $2.00    16.00 

Lawrence    Boutin,    labor    on    grounds, 

5  days,   9  hours,  at  $2.00    11.80 

Frank    Maricle,    labor    on    grounds,    3 

days,  at  $2.00   6.00 

Theo.    Broerman,    labor    on    grounds, 

11  7-20  days,  at  $1.75   19.85 

Albert   Spevack,   labor  on  grounds,   11 

days,    at    $2.00     22.00 

Ed.    McKowan,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00 23.00 

M.  Burnett,  labor  on  grounds,  5  days, 

at   $2.00    10.00 

1,162.00 

7-  2       9493     A.  Olson,  laying  20,000  shingles  new  speed  barn.  25.00 
7-  2      9494     A.  P.  Vrendenburgh,  secretary,  dog  show  license 

fee    10.00 

7-  3       9495     J.  L.  Barr,  refund  on  barn,  house  sale  May  31, 

1912    17.00 

Geo.  A.  Miller  Printing  Co.,  record  book 6.50 

Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  2,900  premium  lists. .  116.00 
Jas.  F.  Fredregill,  brick  work,   Crawford  house 

and  speed  barn 75.00 

Tablet  &  Ticket  Co.,  lOM  gummed  labels 25.10 

C,  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  Co.,  freight,  1  barrel  paint 2.32 

Mary  E.  Price,  stenographic  work,  school  exhibits 

department    1.63 


7-  3 

9496 

7-  3 

9497 

7-  3 

9498 

7-  3 

9499 

7-  6 

9500 

7-  8 

9501 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  381 

7-  8       9502     C.  N.  Mcllvaine,  secretary  pro  rata  share,  adver- 
tising speed  program,  Iowa,  Nebraska  and  South 

Dakota  circuit   62.31 

7-  8      9503    C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  €xecutive 

committee  meeting  22.00 

7-  9       9504    W.  C.  Brown,  privilege  work   16.00 

7-  9       9505     C,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.  Co.,  freight  school  exhibits .25 

7-  9       9506     C.  S.  Cooter,  first  payment  on  lot  for  moving 

Cruikshank  house,  additional  land 10.00 

7-  9      9507     C.   S.   Cooter,   final  payment,   on  lot  for  moving 

Cruikshank  house,  additional  land  190.00 

7-  9      9508     Liebbe,    Nourse   '&    Rasmussen,    second    payment 

architect  fees  horse  bam    200.00 

7-10       9509     Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  2,100  premium  lists. .  84.00 

7-12       9510     Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  60.0'0 

7-12       9511     East  Des  Moines  Commercial  League,  dues,  1912  5.00 

7-12       9512     Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  2M  "Greater  Iowa".  20.00 

7-13       9513    Potts  Bros.,  fifth  estimate,  machinery  hall  floor. .  900.00 

7-13       9514     Alex,  Cruikshank,  additional  land  50.00 

7-13       9515     W.   R.   Quinnett,  brick  work,   Cruikshank  house 

and  horse  barns    40.00 

7-13       9516    W.    R.    Quinett,    brick   work,    Cruikshank   house 

and  horse  barns    53.00 

7-13       9517    Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  2,600  "Greater  Iowa"  26.00 
7-13      9518    Jno.  Hamilton,  Secy.  American  Association  Insti- 
tute Workers  dues  1911 5.00 

7-13       9519     Kaufman  &  Strauss,  advertising  specialties,  masks  19.94 
7-13      9520    Ft.   Madison  Democrat,   county  advertising  1911 

fair 6.60 

7-15      9521     R.  L.  Polk  &  Co.,  1912  Iowa  Gazeteer 7.00 

7-17       9522     A.  R.  Corey.  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  18  (grounds) : 
June  30  to  July  13,  inclusive. 
Carl  Heggen,  labor  on  grounds,  10  days, 

at  $3.00 $         30.00 

Geo.  Whitney,  foreman,  13  days,  1  hour, 

at  $2.25    29.47 

Walter  Hunt,  floral  tables,  agricultural 

building,  12  days,  at  $3.00 36.00 

H,  P.  Stoufiler,  moving  horse  barns,  11 

days,  at  $3.00 33.00 

Dan    Hoppes,    moving    horse    barns,    8 

days,  at  $2.50 20.00 

T.  W.  Davis,   moving  horse  barns,  11 

days  at  $2.50  27.50 

D.  C.  King,  moving  horse  barns,  4  days, 

5  hours,  at  $2.50   11.25 

A.  W.  Shaw,  moving  horse  barns  and 

work  on  bleachers,  11  days,  at  $2.00  22.00 


382  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

G.   E.  Buck,  moving  horse  barns  and 

work  on  bleachers,  10  days,  at  $2.50  25.00 

Albert  Spevack,  moving  horse  barns,  11 
days,  at  $2.00 22.00 

D.  P.   Newell,   moving  horse   barns,    5 

days,  at  $2.00   10.00 

J.  W.  Sackrider,  moving  horse  barns, 

8  days,  at  $2.00 16.00 

P.  A.  Boucher,  moving  horse  barns,  9 

days,  at  $2.00    18.00 

Frank  Maricle,  moving  horse  barns,  11 

days,   at  $2.00    22.00 

M.    Burnett,    moving    horse    barns,    11 

days,  at  $2.00   22.00 

Geo.  W.  Williams,  moving  horse  barns, 

7  days,  at  $2.00 14.00 

W.  H.  Kelly,  moving  horse  barns,  5-10 

day,  at  $2.00  1.00 

Leo  Paul,  water  boy,  11  days,  at  $1.25  13.75 

W.  Warrington,   labor   on  grounds,   10 

days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00 21.00 

Roy  Finley,  painting,  10  days,  9  hours, 

at  $2.00   21.80 

Don  Paul,  painting,  12  days,  at  $2.00..  24.00 

Erwin   Deemer,   painting,    11   days,   at 

$1.50    16.50 

Hoyt  Woodward,  painting  and  work  on 

swine  pavilion,  3  days,  at  $1.75 5.25 

Chas.  Beese,  painting,  5  days,  at  $2.00  10.00 

Lawrence   Boutin,   painting   and   work 

on  camp  grounds,  11  days,  at  $2.00..  22.00 

E.  H.   Deemer,   painting,    11    days,   at 

$2.00  22.00 

Parker  Douglas,  work  on  water  system, 

7  days,  at  $2.00 14.00 

Henry    Grandgeorge,    work    on    water 

system  and  grading,  10  days,  7  hours, 

at  $2.50  26.88 

D.    B.    Hughes,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,  at  $2.00   22.00 

Emanuel  Hughes,  labor  on  grounds,  11 

days,  at  $2.00 22.00 

John  Olson,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

at  $2.00   22.00 

Geo.    Whitmer,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,  5  hours,  at  $1.75 20.12 

I.    J.   Whitmer,    labor   on   grounds,    11 

days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00  23.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


383 


Ed  McKowan,  mowing  grass,  10  days, 

3  hours,  at  $2.00 20.70 

S.  P.  Wilson,  water  system  and  drain- 
age, 5  days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00 11.00 

Dallas  Swartz,  water  system  and  drain- 
age, 10  days,  7  hours,  at  $2.00 21.40 

Henry  Kurtz,  labor  on  grounds,  10 
days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00 21.00 

Theo    Broerman,    mowing    grass    and 

plants  and  flowers,  10  days,  at  $1.75.  17.50 

W.  J.  Hillis.  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

at  $1.75   19.25 

A.  W.  Deets,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

at  $3.00   33.00 

Sam  Grylls,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

at  $2.00   22.00 

Chas.   Brennan,   labor   on   grounds,    11 

days,  at  $2.00 22.00 

Wm,  Waller,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

at  $2.00   22.00 

A.  W.  Wiehn,  water  system  and  drain- 
age, 10  days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00 21.00 

Harry  Williams,   labor  on   grounds,   2 

days,  at  $2.00   4.00 

Earl  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

10  days,  at  $2.00   20.00 

Ralph   L.   Cressler,    labor   on    grounds, 

11  days,  at  $2.00   22.00 

I.  B.  Brown,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

at  $4.00   44.00 

I.  B.  Brown,  labor  on  grounds,  5  days, 

at  $4.00   20.00 

Dan  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

11  days,  at  $4.00 44.00 

Caleb    Johns,    work    on    race    track,    4 

days  at  $2.00  8.00 

Chas.    Morrison,    work    on    race   track, 

and  hauling  manure,  9  days,  at  $3.50  31.50 

1,089.87 

7-17       9523     E.  M.  Reeves,  per  diem  and  mileage  special  com- 
mittee work,  box  apple  exhibit 24.30 

7-17      9524     T.  C.  Legoe,  per  diem  and  mileage,  auditing  com- 
mittee meeting 20.50 

7-17       9525     C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  Frt.,  sprinkler  attachments 3.60 

7-17       9526     Walter  Evans,  whitewashing  12  cattle  barns 150.00 

7-18       9527    A.  Olson,  shingling  speed  barn  No.  1  and  repair 

work 46.25 


7-22 

9530 

7-23 

9531 

7-24- 

9532 

384  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

7-20       9528     Jas.  Fredregill,  mason  work,  agricultural  hall  and 

swine  pavilion    49.50 

7-20       9529     Jas.  C.  Fredregill,  mason  work,  agricultural  hall 

and  swine  pavilion   24.50 

Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  60.00 

Joseph  Sletton,  extra  clerk  12  days,  July 15.00 

C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 
committee  meeting 26,00 

7-24       9533     O.    A.    Olson,    per    diem    and    mileage,    executive 

committee  meeting   55.00 

7-24       9534     F.    E.    Sheldon,    special    committee    work,    grain 

decorations,  agricultural  hall 24.30 

7-27       9535     Alex.  Cruikshank,  additional  land  50.00 

7-29       9536     Potts  Bros.,  6th  estimate  machinery  hall  floor 600.00 

7-29       9537     A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  19,  (grounds) : 
July  14-27,  inclusive. 

H.  P.  Stouffer,  work  on  bleachers  and 
booths  in  agricultural  building,  12 
days,  at  $3.00   $  36.00 

Dan  Hoppes,  labor  on  grounds,  11  1-2 

days,  at  $2.50   28.75 

Walter  Hunt,  work  on  booths  and 
tables  in  agricultural  building,  12 
days,  at  $3.00  36.00 

T.  W.  Davis,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

days,  at  $2.50   27.50 

D.  C.  King,  work  on  bleachers,  V2  day, 

at  $2.50 1.25 

G.    E.    Buck,    work    on    bleachers    and 

booths   in    agricultural   building,    12 

days,  at  $2.50 30.00 

Arthur  Duncan,  work  on  bleachers  and 

booths   in    agricultural   building,    11 

days,  at  $2.50   27.50 

A.  W.  Shaw,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

at  $2.00   22.00 

Albert  Spevack,  labor  on  grounds,   12 

days,    at   $2.00    24.00 

D.  F.  Newell,  labor  on  grounds,  10  days, 

at  $2.00   20.00 

J.  W,  Sackrider,  labor  on  grounds,  11 

days,  at  $2.00 22.00 

P.    A.   Boucher,   labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00 23.00 

Frank    Maricle.    labor   on    grounds,    10 

7-20  days,  at  $2.00    21.70 

M.  Burnett,  work  on  bleachers,  11  8-10 

days,  at  $2.00   23.  60 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  385 

Geo.  W.  Williams,  labor  on  grounds,  12 

days  at  $2.00  

W.  Gartsee,  labor  on  bleachers,  5  days, 

at  $2.50  

T.  C.  Campbell,  work  on  bleachers,  6 

days,  at  $2.00   

Dave    Johnson,    work    on    bleachers,  6 

days,  at  $2.00 

Henry     Stevens,     work    on     bleachers, 

6  days,  at  $4.50 

J.  0.  Fredregill,  work  on  bleachers  and 

speed  barns,  6  days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00 

C.  M.  Dawson,  labor  on  grounds,   6Vo 

days,  at  $2.00   

Dick  Grylls,  work  on  bleachers,  6  days, 

at  $2.00  

Jake    Berger,    work    on    bleachers,    6 

days,  at  $2.50 

R.  E.  O'Brien,  work  on  light  system, 

10  days,  at  $3.50 

A.   Ballard,  work   on  light  system,   11 

days  at  $3.50  

F.  Puller,  work  on  light  system,  5  days, 

at  $3.50  • 

Geo.    Whitney,    foreman,    13    days,    6 

hours,  at  $2.25   

Ray  Barnes,  water  boy,  5  days,  at  $1.50 
Leo  Paul,  water  boy,  12  days,  at  $1.25. . 
W.  Warrington,   painting,  12   days,   at 

$2.00    

Ray  Finley,  painting,  11  days,  9  hours, 

at  $2.00  

Dan  Paul,  painting,  12  days,  at  $2.00. . 
Erwin   D'eemer,   labor   on   grounds,    12 

days,  at  $1.50 

Hoyt  Woodward,  labor  on  grounds,  12 

days,  at  $1.75 

Noble    Stutsman,    work    on    bleachers, 

2  days,  at  $2.50 

F.  A.  Wigton,  painting,  5  days  at  $2.00 
Frank  Keats,  painting,  2  days,  at  $1.75 
Henry    Willets,     painting,     1     day,     3 

hours,  at  $2.00   

Hal  Bates,  painting,  1  day,  7  hours,  at 

$2.00    

Lawrence  Boutin,  painting,  12  days,  at 
$2.00    


24.00 

12.50 

12.00 

12.00 

27.00 

13.00 

13.00 

12.00 

15.00 

35.00 

38.50 

17.50 

30.61 

5.00 

15.00 

24.00 


23.80 

24.00 

18.00 

21.00 

5.00 

10.00 

3.50 

2.60 

3.40 

24.00 

25 


386  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

E.  H.  Deemer,  painting,  12  days  at  $2.00  24.00 

Parker  Douglas,  work  on  bleachers  and 

water  system,  11  days  at  $2.00 22.00 

Henry  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  grounds, 

12  days,  at  $2.50 30.00 

D.    B.    Hughes,    labor   on    grounds,    12 

days,  at  $2.00   24.00 

Emanuel  Hughes,  labor  on  grounds,  11 

days,  at  $2.00 22.00 

Geo.  Whitmer,  work  on  light  system, 

12  days,  at  $1.75 21.00 

Ray  Miller,  work  on  walks,  3  days,  at 

$2.00    6.00 

Rudolph  Lvoboda,  work  on  walks  and 

drainage,  3  days,  at  $2.00 6.00 

C.  Shockley,  work  on  walks  and  filling 

horse  barn,  6  days,  at  $2.00 12.00 

Jno.  Olson,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

at  $2.00   22.00 

I.   J.   Whitmer,    labor    on    grounds,    12 

days,  at  $2.00 24.00 

Ed    McKowan,    work    on    grounds,    12 

days,  at  $2.00 24.00 

S.  T.  Wilson,  drainage,  horse  barns,  1 

day,  at  $2.00   2.00 

Dallas    Swartz,    work    on    walks    and 

drainage,  11  days,  at  $2.00 22.00 

Henry  Kurtz,  labor  on  grounds,  10  days, 

7  hours,  at  $2.00 21.40 

Theo.  Broerman,  cleaning  buildings  and 
plants  and  flowers,  9  days,  5  hours,  at 

$1.75    16.62 

A.  W.  Deets,  labor  on  grounds,  12  days, 

at  $3.00  •         36.00 

W.    J.    Hillis,    cleaning    buildings    and 

mowing  grass,  12  days,  at  $1.75 21.00 

Harry  Williams,  labor  on  grounds,  12 

days,  at  $2.00 24.00 

Sam  Grylls,  labor  on  grounds,  7  days, 

at  $2.00   14.00 

Chas.   Brennan,   labor   on   grounds,    12 

days,  at  $2.00   24.00 

A.    W.    Wiehn,    labor    on    grounds,    12 

days,  at  $2.00 24.00 

Wm.    Waller,    labor    on    grounds,    T^/2 

days,  at  $2.00 15.00 

Earl  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

3  days,  8  hours,  at  $2.00 7.60 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


3S7 


7-30 

9538 

7-31 

9539 

7-31 

9540 

7-31 

9541 

7-31 

9542 

7-31 

9543 

7-31 

9544 

7-31 

9545 

7-31 

9546 

7-31 

9547 

7-31 

9548 

8-  1 

9549 

8-  3 

9550 

8-  3 

9551 

8-  3 

9552 

8-  3       9553 


I-  3 
I-  5 


9554 
9555 


I.  B.  Brown,  labor  on  grounds,  11  3-10 

days,  at  $4.00   42.20 

I.  B.  Brown,  labor  on  grounds,  9  3-10 

days,  at  $4.00 37.20 

Dan  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

12  3-10  days,  at  $4.00 49.20 

Chas.  Morrison,  work  on  race  track,  11 

days,  at  $3.50 38.50 

Carl    Heggen,    work    on    bleachers,    11 

days,  6  hours,  at  $3.00 34.80 

Ed  Stevens,  work  on  horse  barns,  1  day, 

at  $2.00  2.00 

Isaac    Stewart,    labor    on    grounds,    9 

days,  4  hours,  at  $4.00 37.60 

H.  Stevens,  work  on  bleachers,  2  days, 

5  hours,  at  $2.00 5.00 

Homer  McCoy,  labor  on  race  track  and 

walks,  1  day,  3  hours,  at  $4.00 5.20 

Homer  McCoy,  mowing  grass,  4  days, 

at  $4.00  16.00 

Joe  Moyer,  filling  horse  barns,  1  day,  at 

$4.00  4.00 

Joe  Moyer,  labor  on  walks,  1  day,  at 

$4.00    4.00 

Ben    Miller,    labor    on    grounds,    5    4-9 

days,  at  $2.25   12.25 

1,540.28 

Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage   100.00 

C.  A.  Nash,  salary,  July 100.00 

Elsie  Colton,  salary,  July  100.00 

J.  H.  Deemer,  salary,  July 100.00 

Edith  K.  Smith,  additional  salary,  July 10.00 

Minnie  Anderson,  extra  clerk,  July 65.00 

Bess  Williams,  extra  clerk,  July 65.00 

Clifford  Heer,  extra  clerk,  July 65.00 

Geo.  K.  Scott,  extra  clerk,  9  days,  July 22.50 

Hubert  Tiernan,  office  boy,  8  days,  July 8.00 

Buena  Reed,  extra  clerk,  23  days,  July 51.75 

J.  R.  McHenry,  plastering  Crawford  House,  addi- 
tional land  13.60 

E.  C.  Faugh,  whitewash  contract,  cattle  barns 51.25 

A.  Olson,  shingling  speed  barn  No.  10 34.69 

J.  E.  Lovejoy,  payment  on  second  estimate,  horse 

barn   3,000.00 

C.  E,  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 

committee  meeting   46.00 

Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  2,300  "Greater  Iowa".  23.00 

C,  M.  &  St.  P.  R.  R.,  freight,  turnstile  and  ticket 

chopper    1.67 


388 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


8-  5       9556 


8-  5 

9557 

8-  5 

9558 

8-  5 

9559 

8-  8 

9560 

8-  8 

9561 

8-  8 

9562 

8-  8 

9563 

8-  8 

9564 

8-  8 

9565 

8-  8 

9566 

8-  9 

9567 

8-10 

9568 

8-10 

9569 

8-10 

9570 

8-10 

9571 

8-12 

9572 

E.  M.  Wentworth,  per  diem  and  mileage,  special 
committee  work  making  appointments  police  de- 
partment      18.00 

C.  F.  Curtiss,  telegraph  messages  Fargo,  N.  D 3.45 

H.  F.  Deets,  painting  contract  dining  hall  roof. . .  35.00 

Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  2,450  "Greater  Iowa". .  24.50 

A.  B.  Carter,  advertising  Dallas  county 15.00 

Wm.  P.  Dermer,  advertising  Webster  county 25.00 

R,  W.  Lamson,  advertising  Jefferson  county 20.00 

R.  L.  Allen,  advertising  Wright  county 14.00 

Spratts  Patent  Ltd.,  part  payment  rent  dog  bench- 
ing for  dog  show  100.00 

Chas.  Weitz'  Sons,  repairs  exposition  building. . .  106.00 

Geo.  A.  Poff,  advertising  Keokuk  county 20.00 

Alf  Murrow,  33  tons  straw,  forage  department. . .  181.50 

J,  E.  Lovejoy,  2d  payment  2d  estimate  horse  barn.       2,500.00 
Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage 100.00 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.  Co.,  freight  tan  bark  for  live 

stock  pavilion  65.75 

Walter  Hunt,  door  handles,  agricultural  hall 9.55 

A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  20  (grounds): 
July  28-August  10th,  inclusive. 

D.  C.  King,  booths  and  tables  in  agri- 
cultural building,  6  days,  at  $2.50 $         15.00 

T.  W.  Davis,  labor  on  grounds,  14  days, 

at    $2.50 35.00 

Dan   Hoppes,   work   on   bleachers   and 

grounds,  13yo  days,  at  $2.50 33.75 

G.  W.  Scott,  booths  and  tables  in  agri- 
cultural building,  12  days,  at  $2.50..  30.00 

Dave  Dickey,  labor  on  grounds,  5  days, 

at   $2.50    12.50 

Clarence  Hall,  work  on  horse  barns,  4 

days,    at    $2.00 8.00 

Henry    Stan,    labor    on    grounds,    4% 

days,  at  $2.00   9.00 

F.  L.   Clanton,   labor  on   grounds,   5V2 

days,  at  $2.00   11.00 

Wesley   Lammey,    work    on   bleachers, 

li/o  days,  at  $3.00   4.50 

James  Batten,  labor  on  account  of  dog 

show  and  on  ticket  booths,  9  days, 

at  $2.00   18.00 

E.  A.  Shaw,  labor  on  account  of  dog 
show  and  on  ticket  booths,  10  days, 

at  $2.50    25.00 

Noble  Stutsman,  labor  on  account  of 
dog  show  and  on  bleachers,  12  days, 
at  $2.50   30.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  389 

Jake    Berger,    labor    on    grounds,    13 

days,  IVo  hours,  at  $2.50 34.38 

Henry   Stevens,   work   on   bleachers,   5 

days,  71/0  hours,  at  $4.50 25.92 

Carl    Stevens,    labor    on    bleachers,    5 

days,  iy2  hours,  at  $2.00 11.50 

G.  O.  Lewis,  labor  on  bleachers,  horse 
and  cattle  barns,  9  days,  9  hours, 
at    $2.00    19.80 

M.  P.  Hester,  labor  on  bleachers,  horse 
barns  and  dog  show,  9  days,  9  hours, 
at    $2.00    19.80 

Sam  Chamberlain,  labor  on  bleachers 
and  on  booths  agricultural  building, 
111/2  days,  at  $2.00   23.00 

W,  Mayo,  labor  on  bleachers  and  fence, 
111,^  days,  at  $2.00   23.00 

Earl  Redington,  labor  on  bleachers  and 

horse  barns,  I214  days,  at  $2.00 25.00 

Dave  Johnson,  labor  on  bleachers  and 

horse  barns,  8%  days,  at  $2.00 17.00 

T.  C.  Campbell,  labor  on  bleachers  and 

dog  show,  12  days,  at  $2.00 24.00 

Wm.  Gartsee,  labor  on  bleachers  and 
ticket  booths,  9  days,  3  hours,  at 
$2.50 23.25 

Geo.  W.  "Williams,  labor  on  bleachers 
and  horse  barns,  11  days,  9  hours, 
at   $2.00    23.80 

M.  Burnett,  labor  on  grounds,  14  days, 

at    $2.00    28.00 

Frank  Maricle,  labor  on  bleachers  and 
administration  addition,  14  days,  at 
$2.00    28.00 

P.  A.  Boucher,  labor  on  bleachers,  SV2 
days,  at  $2.00   17.00 

J.  W.  Sackrider,  labor  on  bleachers, 
cattle  barns  and  fence,  11  days,  at 
$2.00     22.00 

Albert  Spevack,   labor  on  grounds,   14 

days,  at  $2.00    28.00 

A.    W.    Shaw,    labor    on    bleachers,    14 

days,    at   $2.00    28.00 

Arthur  Duncan,  labor  on  bleachers  and 
booths  in  agricultural  building,  13 
days,    at   $2.50    32.50 

G.  E.  Buck,  labor  on  bleachers  and 
shower  baths,  swine  pavilion,  14 
days,  at  $2.50    35.00 


390  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Walter  Hunt,  work  on  booths,  agricul- 
tural building  and  administration 
building,  12  days,  at  $3.00 36.00 

H.  P.  Stouffer,  labor  on  bleachers, 
horse  barns  and  dog  show,  14  days, 
at    $3.00    42.00 

Geo.  Whitmer,   work   on  light  system, 

12  days,  at  $1.75   21.00 

R.   E.   O'Brien,  work  on   light  system, 

6  days,  at  $3.50    21.00 

C.  C.  Richards,  work  on  light  system, 

12  days,  at  $3.50 42.00 

Ted  Woodward,  work  on  light  system, 

12  days,  at  $1.75    21.00 

D.  L.    Sewell,   work    on    light   system, 

7  days,  at  $3.50   24.50 

H.   Gill,   cleaning  buildings,   3    days,  9 

hours,  at  $2.00    7.80 

Perry     Diggs,     cleaning     buildings,     4 

days,  at  $2.00    8.00 

W.  J,  Hillis,  mowing  grass  and  clean- 
ing buildings,  13  days,  at  $1.75 22.75 

Theo.    Broerman,    plants    and    flowers, 

and  buildings,  liy^  days,  at  $1.75 20.13 

Dan  Faircloth,  work  on  water  system, 

7  days,  at  $2.25   15.75 

Parker  Douglas,  work  on  water  sys- 
tem, 11  days,  8  hours,  at  $2.00 23.60 

Erwin  Deemer,  office  boy  and  work  in 
agricultural  building,  11  days,  at 
$1.50    16.50 

Leo  Paul,  water  boy,  14  days,  at  $1.25.  17.50 

Ray  Barnes,  water  boy,  12 1{.   days,  at 

$1.50     12.50 

Lawrence   Boutin,   work   on   bleachers, 

3  days,  9  hours,  at  $2.00 7.80 

F.    A.    Wigton,    painting,    10    days,    at 

$2.00     20.00 

Elmo   Waldorf,   painting,    1    2-10    days, 

at    $3.00    3.60 

H.  P.  Waldorf,  painting,  1  day,  at  $3.00  3.00 

J.  D.  Waldorf,  painting,  1  day,  2  hours, 

at    $4.50    5.40 

Don  Paul,  painting,  14  days,  at  $2.00..  28.00 

Roy     Finley,     painting,     13     days,     at 

$2.00     26.00 

W.  Warrington,  painting,   14   days,   at 

$2.00     28.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  391 

J.  H.  Bailey,  painting,  2  days,  at  $2.25.  4.50 

E.  H.  D'eemer,  painting,  6  days,  at  $2.00  12.00 

Chas.   Brennan,    labor   on   grounds,    13 

days,  at  $2.00    26.00 

Harry  Williams,  labor  on  grounds,  11  Vi: 

days,   at   $2.00    23.00 

Geo.    Whitney,    foreman,    14    days,    8 

hours,  at  $2.25    33.30 

Lew  Kurtz,  labor  on  grounds,  2  days, 

at    $2.00    4.00 

Geo.     Schmidt,     cleaning    buildings,     3 

days,    at   $2.00    6.00 

J.  H.  Hux,  work  on  walks  and  filling 

horse  barn,  3  days,  4  hours,  at  $2.00  6.80 
Grant  Simpson,  work  on  walks  and  fill- 
ing horse  barn,  5  days,  at  $2.00 10.00 

Andrew    Keyes,    labor    on    grounds,    6 

days,   at   $2.00    12.00 

Harvey   Welton,    work    on    streets    and 

filling  horse  barn,  5  days,  at  $2.00..  10.00 

Leonard    Olson,    labor    on    grounds,    5 

days,    at    $1.75    8.75 

Henry  Kurtz,   labor   on   grounds,   11% 

days,   at   $2.00    .    23.00 

Dallas    Swartz,    labor    on    grounds,    14 

days,  at  $2.00   28.00 

Ed    McKowan,    labor    on    grounds,    13 

days,  at  $2.00    26.00 

I.    J.   Whitmer,    work    on    streets    and 

filling  horse  barn,  12yo  days,  at  $2.25  25.00 

Jno.     Olson,     labor     on     grounds,     13 

days,   at  $2.00    26.00 

C.  Shockley,  work  on  walks  and  fence, 

5  days,  at  $2.00   10.00 

Wm.  Hearshman,  work  on  walks  and 

streets,  8i/o  days,  at  $2.50 21.25 

Ray    Miller,    work    on    water    system, 

1   day,   at   $2.00    2.00 

Gus  Kurtz,  filling  horse  barn  and  v>^ork 

on  fence,  8i/o  days,  at  $2.00 17.00 

Earl    Doughenbaugh,    work   on   streets 

and  grading,  61/2  days,  at  $2.00   ....  13.00 

S.    T.    Wilson,    labor    on    grounds,    10 

days,    at   $2.00    20.00 

Chas.   Newell,   labor   on   grounds,   10 1/^ 

days,   at   $2.00    21.00 

Henry  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  walks 
and  baths  in  swine  pavilion,  14 
days,  at  $2.50    35.00 


192  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

D.    B.   Hughes,    labor   on   grounds,    13 

days,    at   $2.00    26.00 

Emanuel    Hughes,    labor    on    grounds, 

12   days,   at  $2.00    24.00 

A.    W.    Wiehn,    labor    on    streets    and 

bleachers,  13  days,  at  $2.00 26.00 

Elmer    Facey,     labor     on     walks    and 

streets,  SV2  days,  at  $2.00  17.00 

Hoyt  Woodward,  labor  on  grounds,  13 

days,  at  $1.75    22.75 

A.    W.    Deets,    labor    on    grounds,    14 

days,   at   $3.00    42.00 

Wm.     Waller,     labor     on     grounds,     8 

days,    at   $2.00    16.00 

C.  M.   Dawson,    labor   on   grounds,    14 

days,    at   $2.00    • 28.00 

J.  0.  Fredregill,  labor  on  grounds,  14 

days,   at   $2.00    28.00 

I.    B.    Brown,    labor    on    grounds,    10 

days,  51^  hours,  at  $4.00   42.20 

Dan  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

121/2  days,  at  $4.00   50.00 

Chas.  Morrison,   labor  on  grounds,   10 

days,   at   $3.50    35.00 

Carl  Heggen,  labor  on  grounds,  13  days, 

6  hours,  at  $3.00    40.80 

Isaac    Stewart,    labor   on   grounds,    12 

days,  3  hours,  at  $4.00 49.20 

Joe  Moyer,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

4   hours,   at  $4.00    47.20 

Joy  Moyer,  labor  on  grounds,  12  days, 

3   hours,   at  $4.00    49.20 

Homer   McCoy,    labor   on   grounds,    12 

days,  at  $4.00   48.00 

Homer   McCoy,    labor   on   grounds,    12 

days,   3   hours,   at  $4.00    49.20 

A.   (X   Edwards,   labor   on   race   track, 

1   day,   at  $4.00    4.00 

Wm.  Hearshman,  labor  on  grounds,   8 

days,  3  hours,  at  $4.00   33.20 

D.  0.  McAlister,  labor  on  light  system, 

12  days,  at  $3.85    46.20 

2,342.08 

8-12  9573  Lawrence  Peters,  21  tons,  930  pounds,  straw,  for- 
age  department    118.06 

8-13      9574     C.  W.   Phillips,   per   diem  and  mileage,   auditing 

committee    meeting    33.00 

8-13       9575     Des  Moines  Bridge  &  Iron  Co.,  repairs  machinery 

hall     425.44 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  39S 

8-13       9576     J.   P.   Mullen,   per   diem   and   mileage,   assigning 

space,   machinery   department    57.40 

8-13       9577     R.  S.  Johnston,  per  diem  and  mileage,  assigning 

pens,  swine  department  27.80 

8-13       9578     J.  F.  Summers,  per  diem  and  mileage,  assigning 

pens,  sheep  department    28.00 

8-13       9579     H.    L.    Pike,    per    diem    and    mileage,    assigning 

stalls,   cattle   department    32.00 

8-13      9580     C.   F.   Curtiss,  per  diem   and   mileage,   assigning 

stalls,  horse  department   15.40 

8-13       9581     0.  A.  Olson,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive  com- 
mittee meetings 55.00 

8-14       9582     C,  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  Co.,  freight,  2  road  carts,  speed 

department    3.20 

8-14       9583     C.  Staley,  painting  amphitheatre  cornice 40.00 

8-14      9584     W.  R.  Quinnett,  mason  and  cement  work,  dining 

hall,   administration  building    94.00 

8-14       9585    M.  L.  Gratton,  refund  horse  stall  rent 4.00 

8-14      9586     C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  freight,  carload  hay  racks,  new 

horse    barn     40.91 

8-15       9587    W.  M.  Peters,  101  bushels,  45  pounds  corn,  forage 

department     75.16 

8-15       9588     Des  Moines  Daily  News,  advertising  1912  fair  . . .  84.00 

8-16       9589     A.  W.  R.  Boiler,  advertising  Story  county 20.00 

8-16       9590     C,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  freight,  school  exhibits 1.47 

8-16       9591    A.  Olson,  laying  14%M  shingles,  hospital 18.44 

8-16       9592     Potts  Bros.,  estimate  machinery  hall  floor 600.00 

8-17       9593     L.  H.  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage  4,750  Greater  Iowa. .  47.50 

8-19       9594     E.  C.  Faugh,  whitewashing  walls,  6  speed  barns 

and  dining  hall   61.00 

8-19      9595    John   Cree,   55   tons,   1,580  pounds  straw,   forage 

department    284.81 

8-19       9596     W.  R.  Quinnett,  mason  work,  horse  barn 17.00 

8-22      9597    Geo.  B.  Brown,  17  days  services,  concession  de- 
partment      42.50 

8-22       9598     J.  E.  Lovejoy,  balance,  2d  estimate,  horse  barn.       5,500.00 

8-24      9599     Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage   10.00 

8-26       9600     Pain  Fireworks  Display  Co.,  first  payment  1912 

fireworks    contract    500.00 

8-26       9601     E.  N.  Wentworth,  expense,  boys  judging  contest. .  47.00 
8-26      9602     L.  B.  Gray,  6  tons,  1,910  pounds  hay,  forage  de- 
partment                83.46 

8-26       9603     J.  W.  Clark,  4  tons,  1,045  pounds  hay,  forage  de- 
partment      54.27 

8-27       9604     A.  Liberati,  first  payment  1912  band  contract 1,000.00 

8-27       9605     A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  21   (grounds). 
August  11-24,  inclusive. 
W.   C.  Redhead,   labor  on  streets   and 
horse    show    ring,    6    7-20    days,    at 
14.00    ?         25.40 


394  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

G.   H.   Koontz,   work   on   light  system, 

4   7-9   days,   at   $3.50    16.7? 

Ernest  Neeley,  work  on  light  system, 

4  1-9  days,  at  $3.50   14.43 

R.  E.  McLaughlin,  work  on  light  sys- 
tem, 3  2-9  days,  at  $3.50 11.50 

H.   M.    Brush,    work   on    light   system, 

3  4-9  days,  at  $3.50   11.89 

Jno.  W.  Post,  work  on  horse  barn  fill, 

3i/>   days,  at  $2.00    7.00 

Thos.    Bennett,    labor    on    grounds,    9 

days,   at   $2.00    18.00 

Joe  Dawson,  labor  on  grounds,  9  days, 

8   hours,   at  $2.00    19.60 

Chas.    Newell,    labor    on    grounds,    15 

days,   at   $2.00    30.06 

A.    W.    V/eihn,    labor    on    grounds,    15 

days,  at  $2.00   30.00 

Earl  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

141/2    days,   at   $2.00    29.00 

Wm.    Hearshman,    labor    on    grounds, 

7   days,   at   $2.50    17.50 

I.  J.  Whitmer,  labor  on  grounds,  liV^ 

days,    at   $2.00    29.00 

F.    A.    Harrison,    labor   on    grounds,    4 

days,    at   $2.00    8.00 

Ed  McKowan,  labor  on  grounds,   12 1^ 

days,    at   $2.00    25.00 

Henry      Kurtz,      labor      on      grounds, 

13  19-20  days  at  $2.00 27.9( 

Grant     Simpson,     labor     on     grounds, 

14  11-20   days,   at   $2.00    29.1( 

J.    H.    Hux,    labor   on   grounds,    8    7-10 

days,   at   $2.00    17.46 

Chas.   Brennan,    labor   on   grounds,    15 

days,  1  hour,  at  $2.00  30.20 

Roy   Barnes,    water   boy,    13    days,    at 

$1.00    13.00 

Parker  Douglas,  work  on  water  sys- 
tem, 13  days,  6  hours,  at  $2.00   27.20 

Harvey  Welton,   labor  on   grounds,   15 

days,  2  hours,  at  $2.00   30.40 

Wm.    Waller,    labor    on    grounds,    14 

days,    at   $2.00    28.00 

Don    Widener,    labor    on    grounds,    5 

days,  8  hours,  at  $2.00   11.60 

C.  M.  Dawson,  labor  on  grounds,  14^^ 

days,    at   $2.00    29.00 

A.  W.  Deets,  labor  on  grounds,  15  days, 

3  hours,  at  $3.00   45.90 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  395 

Emanuel  Hughes,  labor  on  grounds,  12 

days,  9  hours,  at  $2.00   25.80 

Leo  Paul,  water  boy,  14  days,  at  $1.25.  17.50 

Theo.    Broerman,    cleaning    buildings, 

12  days,  at  $1.75    21.00 

John    Wright,    cleaning    buildings,    11 

days,    at   $2.00    22.00 

Don  Faircloth,  work  on  water  system, 

12  days,  4  hours,  at  $2.25   27.90 

W.   R.   Wilkins,    cleaning   buildings,    3 

days,    at   $2.00    6.00 

Leonard    Olson,    work    on    walks    and 

horse  barn  fill,   9   days,  at  $1.75 15.75 

Dallas    Swartz,    labor    on    grounds,    13 

days,   at  $2.00    26.00 

Jno.  Olson,  labor  on  grounds,  12  days, 

at    $2.00    24.00 

D.  B.    Hughes,    labor    on    grounds,    14 

days,    6   hours,   at   $2.00    29.20 

E.  A.    Snow,    labor    on    grounds,    12i/» 

days,    at    $3.00     37.50 

Geo,    Whitney,    foreman,    14    days,    at 

$3.75     52.50 

James    Schyler,    water    boy,    11    days, 

at    $1.00     11.00 

Henry  Deets,  labor  on  grounds,  5  days, 

at   $3.00    15.00 

Geo.  Whitmer,  labor  on  light  system, 

16   3-20   days,   at  $1.75    28.00 

Ted   Woodard,    labor   on   light   system, 

14  days,  3  hours,  at  $1.75   25.02 

R.  lUgan,  labor  on  grounds,   5^2   days, 

at    $2.00    11.00 

J.    O.    Fredregill,    labor    on    grounds, 

141/0  days,  at  $2.00 29.00 

Earl  Redington,   labor  on  grounds,   12 

days,    at   $2.00    24.00 

Harry   Williams,    labor   on   grounds,   2 

days,    at   $2.00    4.00 

W.    J.    Hilles,    mowing    grass,    4    5-10 

days,    at    $1.75    7.88 

John     Taylor,     cleaning    buildings,     3 

days,    at    $1.75    5.25 

B.  D.  Shriver,  mowing  grass,   y^   day, 

at   $2.00    1.00 

P.  A.  Wigton,  painting,  5  days,  at  $2.00  10.00 

Geo.    Schmidt,    work    on    streets    and 

walks,  2  days,  at  $2.00   4.00 


;96  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

E.  0.  Lacey,  work  on  streets  and  walks, 

1  day,  9  hours,  at  $2.00   3.80 

Walter    Snyder,    work    on    streets    and 

walks,  %  day,  at  $2.00   1.00 

John  Astley,  work  on  horse  barn  fill 

and  grounds,  1^2  days,  at  $2.00   3.50 

Andrew    Keyes,    horse    barn     fill     and 

streets,  9  days,  at  $2.00    18.00 

Wm.  Hearshman,  work  on  streets  and 

walks,  3  days,  9  hours,  at  $4.00 15.60 

Chas.   Morrison,    work    on   race    track, 

7   days,   at  $3.50    24.50 

James   Johnson,   work   on   horse   show 

ring    and    horse    barn    fill,    1    11-20 

days,    at   $4.00    6.20 

James  Batten,  labor  on  grounds,  1  day, 

at   $2.00    2.00 

J.   W.    Sackrider,   work   on   fence   and 

grounds,  4  days,  2  hours,  at  $2.00..  8.40 

W.     Mayo,     amphitheater    chairs     and 

fence,  5  days,  2  hours,  at  $2.00 10.40 

Geo.  W.  Williams,  dog  show,  1^2  days, 

at    $2.00    3.00 

Harley  Thornton,  work  on  race  track 

and  streets,  4  days,  at  $4.00 16.00 

Dick  Ledgerwood,  work  on  race  track 

and  wild  west  show.  2  days,  at  $4.00.  8.00 

I.  B.   Brown,  work  on  horse  barn  fill 

fence  and  grounds,  13  days,  8  hours, 

at   $4.00    52.20 

Joe  Moyer,  work  on  race  track,  2  7-10 

days,   at   $4.00    10.80 

Dan  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  grounds, 

14  days,  1  hour,  at  $4.00 56.40 

Carl    Heggen,    work    on    light   system 

and     amphitheater     chairs     and 

grounds,  14  days,  4  hours,  at  $3.00..  43.20 

Sam    Chamberlain,    labor   on   grounds, 

12  days,  at  $2.00   24.00 

G.    A.    Turner,    labor    on    grounds,    4 

days,    at   $2.25    9.00 

Jake    Berger,    labor    on    grounds,    13 

days,    at   $2.50    32.50 

Arthur  Duncan,  labor  on  grounds,  12 

days,    at   $2.75    33.00 

G.  E.  Buck,  labor  on  grounds,  13  days, 

at   $2.50    32.50 

Walter  Hunt,  turn  stiles  and  Adminis- 
tration building,  13  days,  at  $3.00..  39.00 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  397 

J.  H.  Bailey,  painting,  13  days,  at  $2.25  29.25 

H.    P.    Stouffer,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,   7  hours,   at  $3.00    35.10 

Noble    Stutsman,    labor    on    grounds, 

13  days,  at  $2.50   32.50 

F.  L.    Clayton,    labor   on   grounds,    12 

days,   at   $2.00    24.00 

Dave    Dickey,    labor    on    grounds,    13 

days,    at   $2.50    32.50 

A.    F.    Thornley,    horse    barn    fill,    % 

day,    at   $2.00    1.00 

G.  W.  Scott,  Agricultural  building,  13 

days,   at   $2.50    32.50 

T.    W.    Davis,    labor    on    grounds,    13 

days,    at   $2.50    • 32.50 

Dan    Hoppes,    labor   on    grounds,    12 1/^ 

days,    at   $2.50    31.25 

D.  C.  King,  labor  on  grounds,  6i/^  days, 

at   $2.50    16.25 

T.  C.  Campbell,  labor  on  grounds,  13 

days,   at   $2.00    26.00 

M.  Burnett,  labor  on  grounds,  13  days, 

at   $2.00    26.00 

Frank   Miracle,   labor   on   grounds,   13 

at   $2.00    26.00 

Albert  Spevack,  work  on  stalls,  horse 

barn  and  shower  baths,  13  days,  at 

$2.00     26.00 

E.  F.   Rumans,   work   on   cattle  barns 

and  grounds,  4i^  days,  at  $2.00  9.00 

A.    W.    Shaw,    labor    on    grounds,    12 

days,   at   $2.00    24.00 

Geo.    Hardie,    water    boy,    3    days,  at 

75   cents    2.25 

W.   Warrington,   painting,    11   days   at 

$2.00     22.00 

Roy    Finley,    painting    and    work    in 

camp  grounds,  13  days,  at  $2.00 26.00 

Don  Paul,  painting  and  work  in  camp 

grounds,  13  days,  at  $2.00 26.00 

Henry  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  grounds, 

121/0  days,  at  $2.50   31.25 

Chas.  Doughenbaugh,  cleaning  build- 
ings   and   work    on    account   of   dog 

show,  31^  days,  at  $2.00 7.00 

O.    Iseminger,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,  at  $4.00   ' 44.00 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Caleb  Johns,  work  on  race  track  and 

drainage    and    cleaning   grounds,    23 

days,  6  hours,  at  $4.00 94.40 

Homer    Brown,    labor    on    grounds,    7 

days,  1  hour,  at  $4.00 28.40 

Sam  Thornton,  labor  on  race  track,  2 

days,  at  $4.00   8.00 

Seth    Stewart,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,  7  hours,  at  $4.00  46.80 

Homer    McCoy,    labor    on    grounds,    29 

days,  at  $4.00   116.00 

Isaac  Stewart,  labor  on  grounds,  10^2 

days,  at  $4.00    42.00 

D'.  O.  McAlister,  labor  on  light  sys- 
tem, 17  days,  7  nights,  at  $3.85 68.14 

A.    Allcox,    labor    on    light    system,  14 

days,  at  $3.50   49.00 

R.  E.  O'Brien,   labor  on  light  system, 

12  7-9  days,  at  $3.50  44.61 

J.    McClellan,    labor    on    light    system, 

17  3-9  days,  at  $3.50    60.67 

C.   A.   Powers,   labor   on   light  system, 

16  6-9  days,  at  $3.50 57.95 

E.  H.  Deemer,  painting,  1  day,  at  $2.00  2.00 

2,793.72 

9606  Ben  Barnes,  services,  superintendent  amusements  75.00 

9607  Pain  Fireworks  Display  Co.,  2d  payment  1912  fire- 

works  contract    500.00 

9608  Pain  Fireworks  Display  Co.,  3d  payment  1912  fire- 

works contract  500.01 

9609  M.  C.  Wheeler,  advertising  Winnebago  county 10.00 

9610  J.  R.  Sterling,  advertising  Hamilton  county 20.00 

9611  G.  P.  Kline,  65%  bushels  corn,  forage  department  45.85 

9612  M.  Duncan,  91  bushels,  23  pounds  oats,  forage  de- 

partment      25.68 

9613  F.  M.  Barnes,  superintendent  of  attractions  1912 

fair 221.00 

9614  Pains  Fireworks  Display  Co.,  4th  payment  1912 

fireworks  contract  500.00 

9615  Wm.  McKirdy,  judge  Clydesdale  horses 125.00 

9616  Wm.  Bell,  judge  Percheron  horses  125.00 

9617  Alex  Galbraith,  judge  Belgian  and  Hackney  horses  125.00 

9618  F.  M.  Barnes,  Inc.,  part  payment  attraction  con- 

tract   (1912)    2,500.00 

9619  F.  M.  Barnes,  Inc.,  final  payment  attraction  con- 

tract (1912),  and  50  3-sheet  lithographs 209.00 

9620  C.  G.  Allen,  10  tons,  1,015  pounds  straw,  forage 

department    52.54 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  399 

Sam  Thornton,  10  tons,  785  pounds  hay,  forage 

department    124.71 

Pains  Fireworks  Display  Co.,  final  payment  1912 

fireworks   contract    250.00 

H.  S.  Oxley,  special  electrician,  night  show 6.75 

W.  E.  Tanner,  special  electrician,  night  show...  6.75 
R.  C.  Shostrum,  special  electrician,  night  show. .  .  6.75 
Ora  Steward,  12  tons,  395  pounds  hay,  forage  de- 
partment      146.38 

L.  H.  Thornton,  7  tons,  875  pounds  straw,  forage 

department    44.19 

P.  O.  Weaver,  9  tons,  1,490  pounds  timothy  hay; 
11  tons,  1,630  pounds  clover  hay;   727  bushels, 

6  pounds  oats,  forage  department  487.70 

A.  B.  Cooper,  box  apple  exhibit,  expense 65.36 

Laurenz  Green,  box  apple  exhibit,  expense 50.90 

Spratts  Patent  Ltd.,  final  payment  rent  dog  bench- 
ing      103.00 

A.   E.  Danforth,   Spieler,   Indian  Village 25.00 

Walter  Stanton,  attraction  contract  1912 250.00 

VOID. 

A.  Liberati,  final  payment  1912  band  contract..  1,520.00 

B.  O.  Worrell,  Mgr.,  band  contract  54th  Infantry 
Band,  of  Ottumwa 875,00 

C.  P.  Graham,  orchestra  contract  1912 409.00 

Geo.  M.  Rommell,  judge,  horse  department 125.00 

P.  Conway,  band  contract  1912    2,500.00 

National   Aeroplane   Co.,   1st  payment  aeroplane 

contract   (1912) 800.00 

Thos.  W.  Bell,  manager  stock  pavilion  night  show  150.00 

O.  J.  Mooers,  "Poetry  of  Motion"  attraction 100.00 

W.  A.  Dobson,  judge,  horse  department 75.00 

Jeffers  Chautauqua  orchestra,   1st  payment,  con- 
tract 1912    406.00 

8-30       9645     Jeffers    Chautauqua    orchestra,    2d    payment   con- 
tract 1912    50.00 

8-30       9646     Cressey  and  Wingate,  general  decorating  contract 

1912    500.00 

8-30       9647     National  Aeroplane  Co.,  final  payment  aeroplane 

contract    (1912)    677.82 

M.  W.  Cripliver,  property  man  night  shows 41.40 

J.  Duree,  property  man  night  shows   41.40 

Dan  Davis,  special  detective,  1912  fair 69.30 

Paul  Storm,  office  boy,  administration  building.  18.00 

Leslie  Lynch,  office  boy,  administration  building.  18.00 
Leslie  Lynch,  office  boy,  administration  building, 

2d    payment    4.50 

8-30       9654     Paul   Storm,  office  boy,  administration  building, 

2d  payment    4.50 


8-29 

9621 

8-29 

9622 

8-29 

9623 

8-29 

9624 

8-29 

9625 

8-20 

9626 

8-30 

9627 

8-30 

9628 

8-30 

9629 

8-30 

9630 

8-30 

9631 

8-30 

9632 

8-30 

9633 

8-30 

9634 

8-30 

9635 

8-30 

9636 

8-30 

9637 

8-30 

9638 

8-30 

9639 

8-30 

9640 

8-30 

9641 

8-30 

9642 

8-30 

9643 

8-30 

9644 

8-30 

9648 

8-30 

9649 

8-30 

9650 

8-30 

9651 

8-30 

9652 

8-30 

9653 

8-31 

9658 

8-31 

9659 

8-31 

9660 

8-31 

9661 

8-31 

9662 

8-31 

9663 

8-31 

9664 

8-31 

9665 

IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

9655  Irwin  Bros.,  Cheyenne  Show  contract  1912  fair.     12,000.00 

9656  O,  A.  Olson,  freight  horses  and  vehicles,  admission 
department    40.80 

9657  C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meet- 
ing      98.00 

O.  A.  Olson,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meeting  99.50 
R.  S.  Johnston,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meet- 
ing      99.80 

C.  W.  Phillips,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meet- 
ing      105.00 

Elmer  M.  Reeves,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board 

meeting    100.30 

E.  J.  Curtin,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meeting  103.50 
E.  M.  Wentworth,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board 

meeting    98.00 

T.  C.  Legoe,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meeting  92.50 
C.  F.  Curtiss,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meet- 
ing      87.70 

8-31      9666     P.  E.  Sheldon,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meet- 
ing      96.30 

8-31       9667     J.  P.  Summers,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meet- 
ing      95.70 

8-31       9668     J.  P.  Mullen,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meeting  95.80 

8-31       9669     H.  L.  Pike,  per  diem  and  mileage,  board  meeting  104.00 

8-31       9670    A.  Olson,  cleaning  amphitheater,  6  days 122.50 

8-31       9671     W.  C.  Brown,  superintendent  concessions  500.00 

8-31       9672     W.  C.  Brown,  expense  concession  department....  19.50 

8-31       9673     Club  dining  hall.  State  Day  banquet  expense 126.25 

8-31      9674     Ted  Woodward,  horse  and  buggy  ticket  depart- 
ment      22.50 

8  31      9675     0.  A.  Olson,  expense  attending  Cheyenne  Shows, 

Cheyenne,   Wyoming    46.50 

E.  J.  Curtin,  ticket  refund  2.50 

A.  P.  McAnalty,  assistant  superintendent  grounds  84.00 

T.  C.  Legoe,  expense  account  Pine  Arts  department  4.85 
Iowa  State  Pioneers  Association,  expense  Pioneer 

Day    131.75 

8-31      9680    W.    H.    Middleton,    special    electrician,    general 

switch  board   44.00 

8-31       9681     C.    W.    Patti,    fireman    administration    building, 

boiler    20.00 

Harrison  Nutter,  fireman  dining  hall  boiler 24.00 

J.  H.  Deemer,  rent  buggy  admissions  department  5.00 

A.  R.  Corey,  allowance  for  board,  1912  fair 25.00 

G.  S.  Gilbertson,  allowance  for  board,  1912  fair.  25.00 
M.  W.  Cripliver,  distributing  advertising  matter, 

Des  Moines   6.00 

9-  4      9687     C.  J.  Trawver,  18  tons,  120  pounds  hay,  forage 

department    . . , 198.66 


8-31 

9676 

8  31 

9677 

8-31 

9678 

8-31 

9679 

8-31 

9682 

8-31 

9683 

8-31 

9684 

8-31 

9685 

9-  4 

9686 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  401 

9-  5       9688     Des  Moines  Post  Card  Co.,  4,132  post  cards 20.61 

9-  5       9689     L.  Gibson,   scavenger  contract  1912    75.00 

9-  5       9690     Vere  Loper,  assistant  rest  cottage  22.50 

9-  5       9691     A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  school  department. 

A.  V.  Storm,  10  days $  40.00 

E.  C.  Bishop,  9  days  36.00 

J.  E.  Cundy,  11  days  44.00 

Ruth  Lamson,   11  days   33.00 

J.  O.  Mitchell,  11  days 38.50 

J.  A.  Mitchell,  4  days  6.00 

Nieta  Estabrook,  2  days   5.00 

Ruth  Beem,  1  day 2.00 

204.50 


9-  5       9692     A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  secretary's  office: 
August. 
Minnie  Anderson,  city  office,  15  days  at 

$2.50-  $  37.50 

Minnie    Anderson,    grounds    office,    14 

days,    at   $4.00    56.00 

Bess  Williams,  city  office,  15  days,  at 

$2.50     37.5C 

Bess  Williams,  grounds  office,  14  days, 

at  $4.00    56.00 

Clifford   C.   Heer,   city  office,   17   days, 

at  $3.00 51.00 

Clifford  C.  Heer,  grounds  office,  14  days, 

at  $4.00   56.00 

Geo.  K.   Scott,   city  office,   16   days,  at 

$2.50     40.00 

Geo.  K.  Scott,  grounds  office,  14  days, 

at  $4.00  56.00 

Hubert   Tiernan,   city   office,    15   days, 

at  $1.00   15.00 

Hubert  Tiernan,  grounds  office,  14  days, 

at  $2.00  28.00 

Buena  Reed,  city  office,  15  days,  at  $2.25  33.75 

Buena  Reed,  grounds  office,  7  days,  at 

$3.50    24.50 

Zoa   Keating,    city   office,    15    days,    at 

$2.00     30.00 

Zoa  Keating,  grounds  office,  7  days,  at 

$3.50     24.50 

Volney  Diltz,  advertising  city,  2  days, 

at  $3.00  6.00 

Neal  Van  Meter,  programs  on  grounds, 

1  day,  at  $3.00  3.00 

J.  P.  W.   Urba,   telephone   collector,   1 

day,  at  $2.50 2.50 

26 


402  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

C.  A.  Nasli,  grounds  expense,  14  days, 
at  $1.50    21.00 

Elsie  Colton,  grounds  expense,  14  days, 

at  $1.50   21.00 

Edith  K.  Smith,  grounds  expense,  14 
days,  at  $2.50   35.00 

9-  5  9693  A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  publicity  department: 
Donald  Granger,   assistant,   7   days,   at 

$2.75     $  19.25 

Ira  Wright,  assistant,  7  days,  at  $2.75.  19.75 

Harry  A.  Houtman,   assistant,   6   days, 

at   $2.75    16.50 

Jeanette    Williams,    assistant,    7    days, 

at  $2.00   14.00 

Elsie  Swan,  assistant,  2  days,  at  $2.75.  5.50 

Lester  Mugge,  assistant,   1%   days,  at 

$2.00     3.00 

Roger  Williams,   assistant,   3   days,   at 

$2.00     6.00 

9-  5       9694     A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  forage  department: 
Geo.  A.  Wilson,  superintendent  forage, 

20  days,  at  $5.00 $        100.00 

E.    H.    D'eemer,    assistant,    forage,    14 

days,  at  $2.50;  11  days,  at  $4.00 79.00 

J.    H.    Geesman,    assistant,    forage,    10 

days,  at  $3.50 35.00 

.    T.    Willey,    assistant,     forage,    10 

days,  at  $3.50    35.00 

Arthur  Van  Storm,  policeman,  9  days, 

at  $2.50   22.50 

■"/has.     Morrison     and     team,     delivery 

man,  13  days,  at  $5.00 65.00 

Will  Keeling  and  team,  delivery  man, 

12  days,  at  $5.00   60.00 

Merlin    Morrison    and    team,    delivery 

man,  12  days,  at  $5.00  60.00 

Lester  Smith,  helper,  12  days,  at  $3.00.  36.00 

Ora  Hicks,  helper,  12  days,  at  $3.00...  36.00 

John  Harris,  helper,  12  days,  at  $3.00. .  36.00 

Willie  Peters,  helper,  12  days,  at  $3.00  36.00 


9-  5       9695     A.    R.    Corey,    Secy.,    railroad    fare    for  boys    at 
Boys'   encampment: 

Theo.   Abkes,   Austinville    $  3.90 

Leo  Ahart,  Dow  City  5.77 

Ivan  K.  Akers,  Laurel  2.36 

Allbrich   Clement,   Mapleton    5.84 


634.2; 


83.50 


600.50 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR   BOOK— PART  VII 


403 


Wm.  Anderson,  St.  Charles  i.l6 

Wm.  Ashby,  Lucas   1.92 

M.  Myron  Axtell,  Strawberry  Point. . .  6.12 

Earl  Benton,  Rockwell  City 3.15 

Asker  P.   Bergo,   Northwood 5.68 

Mart  Brooks,  Thompson  5.96 

Santford  Bryson,  Mason  City 5.09 

Claude  Burns,  Minburn    1.08 

Ernest  Cherry,  Walker   6.68 

John  L.  Chew,  Adair  2.38 

Jno.  Cody,  Cylinder  5.62 

Colony  Eugene,  North  Liberty 5.07 

Merrill  Drury,  Early   4.64 

Dale  Dunlap,  Sigourney   3.46 

John  Day,  Afton   2.32 

Orlo  Drennan,  Mt.  Etna 4.48 

Lester  Day,  Waterloo    3.88 

Otis  Dickey,  Redfield   1.28 

Rudolph  Evans,  D'ecorah    8.16 

Dean  Pinch,  Ida  Grove   5.70 

Wilbur  Pinn,  Shenandoah 6.40 

Forest  H.  Pord,  Tipton  7.61 

Ralph  Pretz,  Atlantic    3.28 

Donald  Ginger,   Langdon    6.26 

Albert  Hansen,   Alta    5.66 

Hulef  Hanson,  Elkhorn  4.12 

Ralph  Harper,   Nevada    1.67 

Jno.  W.  Hazlett,  Tripoli   5.70 

Earl  Heaton,  Elberon  4.60 

Jno.  C.  Hedrick,  Osceola  2.32 

Isaac  C.  Henderson,  Paullina  7.62 

Daniel   Holcomb,   Douds  Leando 4.44 

Lloyd  Hudson,  Knoxville   1.40 

Emslie  Hutcheon,  Jefferson   2.70 

Eugene  Hoyinga,   George 7.08 

Lowell  Johnson,  Cresco   9-00 

Wayne  Kauffman,  Whitten    3.70 

Edw.  Knotek,  Washington    4.60 

Dolph   Lane,   Bloomfield    4.73 

Erwin  Larson,  Porest  City  5.96 

Harland  Link,  Waukon    10.74 

Wm.  L.  Logan,  Hillsboro    6.64 

Gale  McClean,  Wilton  Jet 6.25 

Loren  E.  McClure,  St.  Charles 1.16 

Howard  McCormick,  Sumner   5.32 

Henry  T.  Mammin,  McClelland 5.02 

Arthur  Marshall,  Battle  Creek 5.76 

Clifford    Mason,    Melrose    3.32 

Howard  Mawdsley,  Burt  5.28 


404  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Ray  Menzel,  Hazleton    5.32 

Boyd  E.  Metier,  Weldon  3.00 

Irving  W.  Moe,  Montgomery 7.10 

Francis  Mohler,  Bedford  5.00 

Clyde  Naylor,  Stratford    2.68 

Hayes  W.  Parsons,  Fairfield 4.68 

Arthur  Oppendahl,  Goldfield    3.97 

Homer  Pattison,  LeMars    7.46 

Ralph  Perkins,  Rose  Hill  2.52 

Guy  Peterson,  Cherokee   6.10 

Harry  Rensink,  Boyden    8.04 

Chester  Richards,  Estherville   7.11 

Lloyd  Riley,  Norway  4.32 

Sahl  Thorwald,  Harlan  4.50 

Dean  Siverly,  Diagonal   3.00 

Llewellyn  Smith,  Keystone    4.60 

Louis  Smith,  Dunlap   6.24 

Robt.  Sprague,  Council  Bluffs 5.66 

Wm.  H.  Stacey,  Osage 7.36 

Raymond  Teachout,  Imogene 5.52 

Fred  Tennyson,  Dudley   2.70 

Leo  Walker,  Corydon  4.00 

Geo.  Wall,  Burdette   3.04 

Wm.  J.  Walsh,  Zwingle   7.96 

Harry  Welsch,  Elliott  3.86 

Donald  Wilcox,  Melvin   6.66 

Hugh   Williams,    Danville    5.92 

Ellis  D.  Willis,  Steamboat  Rock   3.60 

Ralph  Winsler,  Moravia  3.20 

Earl  Winslow,  Marshalltown    2.30 

Ralph  Woodard,  Webster  City 3.21 

Helpers. 

O.  E.  Atkinson,  Rockwell  City   3.15 

J.  H.  Abernathy,  Jefferson   2.70 

R.  A.  Fletcher,  Mason  City 4.84 


9-  5       9696     A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  dog  show: 

Walt  Brindey,  helper,  8  days  at  $2.50.  .$  20.00 

Roy  Vanderwall,  helper,  8  days  at  $2.50  20.00 

C.  E.  Gilbert,  helper,  3  days  at  $2.50. . .  7.50 

W.  A.  Briggs,  helper,  4  days  at  $2.50..  10.00 
E.  W.  Merritt,  ticket  seller,  4  days  at 

$2.50 10.00 

R.  C.  West,  ticket  seller,  4  days  at  $2.50  10.00 

Tom  Ryan,  speller,  4  days  at  $6.25 25.00 

Don  Anderson,  helper,  4  days  at  $1.00. .  4.00 
A.    W.    Gates,    asst.    superintendent,    4 

days  at  $2.50 10.00 

Donald  Munro,  judging 163.00 


411.36 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII      405 


Dr.  C.  A.  White,  judging 75.00 

Ben  Brindley,  judging,  4  days  at  $2.50.  10.00 


9-  5      9697     C.  F,  Curtiss,  Supt.,  pay  roll  horse  dept.: 
Chas.   Rinehart,  assistant  horse  dept., 

13  days  at  $3.50 $  45.50 

Joe    McCoy,    assistant   horse    dept.,    10 

days   at   $3.50 35.00 

C.    N.    Arnett,    assistant    horse    dept., 

8  days  at  $3.50 24.00 

Robt.   Baxter,   assistant  horse   dept.,   5 

days  at  $3.50 17.50 

Don  L.  Berry,  assistant  horse  dept.,  5 

days   at   $3.50 17.50 

Chas.  Summers,  assistant  horse  dept.,  9 

days  at  $3.50 31.50 

C.    N.    Kennedy,    megaphone    work,    5 

days  at  $2.50 12.50 

Peter  McFarlane,  barn  foreman,  9  days 

at  $2.50   22.50 

Harold  Brenton,  office  boy,  9  days  at 

$1.50 13.50 

9-  5      9698     G.  S.  Gilbertson,  Treas.,  pay  roll  treas- 
urer's dept: 

L.   M.   Barlow,   asst.   treas 150.00 

C.  A.  Isaacs,  asst.  treas 100.00 

W.  H.  Heggen,  asst.  treas 50.00 

Ed  Sunberg,  guard,  13  days  at  $4.00...  52.00 

Fred  Johnson,  guard,  10  days  at  $4.00.  40.00 

Phil  Worth,  reserved  seat  man 60.00 

C.  E.  Lennina,  guard  at  tent,  12  days 

at  $3.25   39.00 

Orville  Petty,  auto,  13  days  at  $12.00.  .  156.00 
M.    A.    Hauge,    ticket    seller,    11    days 

at  $3.25   35.75 

Geo.  J.  Heggen,  ticket  seller,  11  days 

at  $3.25  35.75 

J.    A.    Stanley,    ticket    seller,    11    days 

at    $3.25    35.75 

Chas.   Gleadall,   ticket  seller,   11   days 

at  $3.25   35.75 

H.   S.  Redhead,   ticket  seller,  10  days 

at  $3.25   32.50 

T.    A.   Lawson,    ticket   seller,    11    days 

at  $3.25   35.75 

B.    J.    Stong,    ticket    seller,    10    days 

at  $3.25   32.50 


364.50 


219.50 


406  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Paul   Brown,    ticket   seller,    9    days   at 

$3.25    29.25 

H.  A.   Smith,   ticket   seller,   9   days  at 

$3.25   29.25 

Roe  J.  Thompson,  ticket  seller,  10  days 

at  $3.25   32.50 

Chas.    Osgood,    ticket    seller,    10    days 

at  $3.25  32.50 

John  Verba,   ticket  seller,    10   days  at 

$3.25   32.50 

R.    S.    Hayward,    ticket   seller,    9    days 

at  $3.25   29.25 

C.   J.   Ahern,   ticket   seller,    9    days   at 

$3.25   29.25 

Ed  Byers,  ticket  seller,  7  days  at  $3.25  22.75 

Hugh  Jackson,  ticket  seller,  9  days  at 

$3.25   29.25 

Claude  Patterson,  ticket  seller,  7  days 

at  $3.25    22.75 

Frank  Rowat,  ticket  seller,  8   days  at 

$3.25   26.00 

S.  W.  Wright,  ticket  seller,  8  days  at 

$3.25   26.00 

C.    F.   Leach,    ticket   seller,   7    days   at 

$3.25     22.75 

M.   A.   Johnston,   ticket  seller,   7    days 

at    $3.25    22.75 

Vane    Coen,    ticket   seller,    8    days    at 

$3.25   26.00 

Ezra    Meredith,    ticket    seller,    8    days 

at  $3.25   26.00 

Ira    Jones,    ticket    seller,    11    days    at 

$3.25    35.75 

Iowa   Welch,    ticket   seller,   7   days   at 

$3.25    22.75 

Raymond  Rogers,  ticket  seller,  7  days 

at  $3.25   22.75 

Wm.  Sherman,  ticket  seller,  7  days  at 

$3.25   22.75 

Expense  horse  and  buggy,  12  days  at 

$1.50   18.00 

Sundry  expense    5.60 

9-  5      9699    J.  P.  Mullen,  Supt.  pay  roll,  machinery  dept: 

C.  H.  Turk,  1st  asst.  superintendent,  60 
days    at    $4.00 $        240.00 

C.  H.  Turk,  1st  asst.  superintendent, 
railroad  fare 73.85 


1,457.10 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR   BOOK— PART  VII  407 

A.  W.  Sargent,  2d  asst.  superintendent, 
20  days  at  $2.50 50.00 

Paul  Marsden,  3d  asst.  superintendent, 
18  days  at  $2.50 45.00 

Billy  Sager,  water  hauler,  9  days  at 
$6.50   58.50 


9-  5      9700    J.  F.  Summers,  Supt,  pay  roll,  poultry  dept: 
Geo.   S.  Phillips,  assistant,  10  days  at 

$3.00  $  30.00 

Verdon  Reinhart,  assistant,  9   days  at 

$2.00    18.00 

Herold    Pammel,    assistant,    8    days    at 

$2.00   16.00 

Wm.    McMichael,    assistant,    1    day    at 

$2.00  2.00 

Carl  Dare,  assistant,  9  days  at  $2.00..  18.00 

H.  E.  Burgus,  assistant,  1  day  at  $2.00  2.00 

L.  W.  Harkins,  assistant,  3^/^  days  at 

$2.00  7.00 

Emerson   Day,    assistant,    Sy2    days    at 

$2.00  17.00 

E.  L.  Beck,  3  days  clerk  hire  at  $1.70. .  5.10 

E.  L.  Beck,  assistant  supt.,  18^^   days 

at  $4.00   : 74.00 

W.  S.  Russell,  judge 35.00 

F.  H.   Shellabarger,  judge 35.00 

E.  L.  Beck,  misc.  expense 4.00 

9-  0       9701     J.  F.  Summers,  Supt,  pay  roll,  sheep  dept.: 

M.  G.  Thornburg,  12  days  at  $4.00 48.00 

W.  S.  Summers,  11  days  at  $4.00 44.00 

R.  F.  Miller,  judge 133'.50 

J.   C.    Duncan,  judge 110.00 


9-  5      9702    O.  A.  Olson,  Supt.  pay  roll  admissions  dept: 

N.  W.  McBeath,  captain  pass  gates,  10' 

days  at  $3.50   $  35.00 

Jasper   Halvorson,   pass   gates,    7   days 

at  $2.50   17.50 

Harry   Moore,   pass    gates,   10    days  at 

$2.50 25.00 

Roy  Baird,  pass  gates,  10  days  at  $2.50  25.00 

Verne  Fairchild,  pass  gates,  10  days  at 

$2.50 25.00 

F.  R.  Black,  pass  gates,  10  days  at  $2.50  25.00 

\  R,  Baggs,  pass  gates,  10  days  at  $2.50  25.0e 


467.35 


263.10 


$        335.50 


408  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

E.  C.  Wartchow,  pass  gates,  10  days  at 

$2.50 25.00 

Seth  Howard,  pass  gates,  10  days  at 
$2.50  25.00 

Glen  Core,  pass  gates,  10  days  at  $2.50  25.00 

B.  A.   Young,   pass    gates,    10    days   at 

$2.50  25.00 

A.   H.   Pierce,   pass   gates,   10    days   at 

$2.50 25.00 

Byron  Crawford,  pass  gates,  10  days  at 

$2.50 25.00 

Glenn  Summers,  pass  gates,  10  days  at 

$2.50 25.00 

C.  G.   Carson,   pass   gates,   10   days   at 

$2.50 25.00 

S.    S.   Foster,    pass    gates,    10    days    at 

$2.50   25.00 

Dick    Brady,   pass    gates,    10   days    at 

$2.50 25.00 

R.  D.  M.  Allen,  pass  gates,  8  days  at 

$2.50  20.00 

W.  W.  Bennett,  pass  gates,  10  days  at 

$2.50 25.00 

Wm.     Lundberg,     captain     street     car 

gates,  10  days  at  $3.50 35.00 

G.  S.  Binford,  street  car  gates,  10  days 

at  $2.50  25.00 

Howard     Beadle,     street    car   gates,    8 

days    at    $2.50    20.00 

Glen  Willitts,  street  car  gates,  10  days 

at  $2.50  25.00 

Albert   Guy,    street   car   gates,   9   days 

at  $2.50   22.50 

W.  W.  West,  street  car  gates,  8  days 

at  $2.50   20.00 

E.   N.   Solverson,   street   car  gates,   10 

days  at  $2.50  25.00 

Willis  McCandless,  street  car  gates,  8 

days    at    $2.50    20.00 

L.  Aspenson,  street  car  gates,   8  days 

at  $2.50   20.00 

Geo.    Hilton,    street   car    gates,    1    day 

at  $2.50 2.50 

L.   McComb,   street   car   gates,   3    days 

at  $2.50 7.50 

H.   S.   May,   street  car  gates,   10   days 

at  $2.50  25.00 

C.    F.    Nolte,    captain    Grand    avenue 

wagon  gates,  10  days  at  $3.50 35.00 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  409 

Albert   Soles,   wagon   gates,   8   days   at 

$2.50   20.00 

P.  P.  Kopp,   wagon   gates,   10   days  at 

$2.50 25.00 

John  Hacker,  wagon  gates,  10  days  at 

$2.50 25.00 

Wm.  McCann,  wagon  gates,  10  days  at 

$2.50 25.00 

Frank    Raddle,    wagon    gates,    8    days 

at  $2.50  20.00 

Grover  Christ,  wagon  gates,  2  days  at 

$2.50 5.00 

A.    L.  Hume,    captain    Grand    avenue 

turnstile,  10  days  at  $3.50 35.00 

"Wm.   Nail,    Grand   avenue   turnstile,   7 

days  at  $2.50  17.50 

L.  B.  Buchner,  Grand  avenue  turnstile, 

10  days  at  $2.50 25.00 

A.  C.  Scott,  Grand  avenue  turnstile,  7 

days  at  $2.50  17.50 

Chas.  Peterson,  Grand  avenue  turnstile, 

8  days  at  $2.50   20.00 

F.  C.  Corey,  captain  Rock  Island  gates, 

10    days    at   $3.50    35.00 

C.  H.  Combs,  Rock  Island  gates,  8  days 

at  $2.50   20.00 

A.  Field,  Rock  Island  gates,  10  days  at 

$2.50 25.00 

Wilson  Vaughn,  Rock  Island  gates,  10 

days  at  $2.50 25.00 

Roy    Budlong,    Rock     Island    gates,   8 

days    at    $2.50    20.00 

J.    H.    Swink,    Rock    Island    gates,    8 

days    at    $2.50    20.00 

E.  A.    Hanson,    Rock    Island    gates,    5 

days  at  $2.50  12.50 

Oscar  Hoist,  Rock  Island  gates,  8  days 

at  $2.50    20.00 

H.   C.   Conkling,  Rock  Island   gates,   8 

days  at  $2.50  '  20.00 

Roy  Cottrell,  Rock  Island  gates,  8  days 

at  $2.50    • 20.00 

W.  C.  Brown,  Rock  Island  gates,  8  days 

at  $2.50   20.00 

F.  E.  Yoder,  Rock  Island  gates,  3  days 

at  $2.50   7.50 

Clyde  Whiting,    captain    amphitheater, 

10  days  at  $3.50  35.00 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

C.    C.    Colwell,    usher    amphitheater,    8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 

Harry  Hull,  usher  amphitheater,  8  days 

at  $2.50 20.00 

Harry    Laird,    usher    amphitheater,    8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 

Abe   Thurston,   usher   amphitheater,   8 

days  at  $2.50 20.00 

B.    O.    Hanger,   usher   amphitheater,    8 

days  at  $2.50   20.00 

W.  H.  Reed,  usher  amphitheater,  8  days 

at  $2.50 20.00 

A.  W.  D.  Bruyn,  usher  amphitheater,  8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 

Dan    Howard,    usher    amphitheater,    8 

days  at  $2.50   20.00 

Chas.     Glatty,    usher    amphitheater,   8 

days  at  $2.50   20.00 

W.    Maw,   usher   amphitheatre,   8   days 

at  $2.50   20.00 

Bruce   Carson,    usher   amphitheater,    8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 

B.  A,    Dunlap,   usher   amphitheater,    7 

days  at  $2.50  17.50 

Ellsworth  Holden,  usher  amphitheater, 

6  days  at  $2.50 15.00 

F.    E.    Landis,    usher    amphitheater,    8 

days  at  $2.50   20.00 

J.  A.  Mcintosh,  usher  amphitheater,  7 

days  at  $2.50  17.50 

H.   C.   Woorell,   usher  amphitheater,  3 

days  at  $2.50  7.50 

J.    S.    Parrish,    usher    amphitheater,    5 

days  at  $2.50    12.50 

Roger  Fairchild,  captain  east  entrance 

amphitheater,  6  days,  at  $3.50 21.00 

Rex  Olmstead,  gates  and  turnstiles,  8 

days    at    $2.50    20.00 

A.  Christianson,  gates  and  turnstiles,  8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 

H.    Schmitz,    gates    and    turnstiles,    8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 

Jesse  Brooker,  gates  and  turnstiles,  8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 

Ole  White,  gates  and  turnstiles,  8  days 

at  $2.50   20.00 

H.  W.  Chehock,  gates  and  turnstiles,  8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  411 

J.   W.   Long,    gates    and    turnstiles,   8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 

Thos.    Egan,    gates    and    turnstiles,    7 

days  at  $2.50  17.50 

Roy  Weatherwax,  gates  and  turnstiles,  8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 

R.  M.  Holbrook,  captain  west  entrance 

amphitheater,  8  days  at  $3.50 28.00 

E.  H.    Scott,    gates    and    turnstiles,    8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 

Clark  Draper,   gates   and   turnstiles,   8 

days  at  $2.50   20.00 

C.  H.  Moe,  gates  and  turnstiles,  8  days 

at  $2.50   20.00 

Robert   Akes,    gates    and    turnstiles,    8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 

Glen    Kirby,    gates    and    turnstiles,    8 

days  at  $2.50  20.00 

H.  R.  Williams,  gates  and  turnstiles,  7 

days  at  $2.50  17.50 

Tracy  Wellman,   gates   and   turnstiles, 

4  days  at  $2.50  10.00 

W.  R.  Hatch,  captain  quarter  stretch, 

8  days  at  $3.50  28.00 

F.  J.  Wykoff,  gates,  8  days  at  $2.50..  20.00 
J.  R.  Johnson,  gates,  8  days  at  $2.50..  20.00 
O.  L.  Gray,  captain  bleachers,  8  days 

at  $3.50   28.00 

S.  Peterson,  P.  gate  and  E.  bleachers,  8 

days  at  $3.50  28.00 

J.   W.   Lindsay,    captain    plow    gate,    8 

days  at  $3.50  28.00 

J.    C.    Overholtzer,    plow    gate,    7    days 

at  $2.50 17.50 

W.  H.  Maxwell,  captain  stock  pavilion, 

8   days  at  $3.50    28.00 

Jno.    Dietrich,    stock   pavilion,    6    days 

at  $2.50 15.00 

Isaac   Halvorson,   tent   guard,   12   days 

at  $2.50   30.00 

Edwin     Beard,     tent     guard,     8     days 

at  $2.50    20.00 

W.    A.    Hunt,    mechanic,    5    nights    at 

$1.00;    9  days  at  $3.00 32.00 

A.    Woolery,    horseman,     17     days     at 

$2.50   42.50 

Jno.  Wheeler,  Asst.  Supt.  of  admis- 
sions, 10  days  at  $4.00 40.00 


412  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Al  Severson,  Asst.  admission  depart- 
ment, 10  days  at  $4.00' 40.00 

W.  C.  Skiffs,  Asst.  admissions  depart- 
ment, 11  days  at  $4.00 44.00 

B.  ,M.  Clark,  Asst.  admissions  depart- 
ment, 11  days  at  $4.00 44.00 

$     2,436.00 
9-  5      9703     C.  W.  Phillips,  Supt,  pay  roll  ticket  department: 
G.  F.  Tincknell,  assistant  superintend- 
ent tickets,  7  days,  at  $4.00 $         28.00 

Lew  Burnett,  assistant  superintendent 

tickets,  8  days,  at  $4.00 32.00 

Allie  Cox,  ticket  collector,  11  days,  at 

$3.25  35.75 

J.  U.  Sammis,  ticket  counter,  11  days, 

at   $3.25    35.75 

Geo.   Dunlap,   ticket  counter,   11   days, 

at    $3.25    35.75 

R.    E.    Coverdale,    ticket    counter,    11 

days,  at  $3.25   35.75 

Ben  Phillips,  ticket  counter,   11   days, 

at   $3.25    35.75 

Arthur    Horrigan,    ticket    counter,    11 

days,  at  $3.25   35.75 

Donald   Judd,   ticket   counter,   6   days, 

at  $3.25    19.50 

Frank  Beaton,  ticket  counter,  11  days, 

at  $3.25   35.75 

John  Newman,  ticket  counter,  8  days, 

at  $3.25   26.00 

355.75 

9-  5      9704    Wesley   Greene,   Supt.,   pay  roll  floricultural  de- 
partment: 

John  Temple,  judge  plants  and  flowers, 

5  days,  at  $5.00   $         25.00 

Wesley     Greene,     superintendent,     11 

days,  at  $4.00   44.00 

69.00 

9-  5      9705     E.   M.   Reeves,   Supt.,   pay   roll   horticultural   de- 
partment: 

J.   W.   Bennett,   assistant,   10   days,   at 

$3.75    $  37.50 

George     Scott,     labor,     carpenter    and 

cleaning,  4  days,  at  $2.00 8.00 

Victor  Felter,  judge,  3  days,  at  $5.00..  15.00 

B.  Stuart,  judge,  2  days,  at  $5.00 10.00 

E.  M.  Reeves,  express  on  fruit 2.35 

Clayton  Garrett,  expense  box  apple  ex- 
hibit      5.25 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  413 


E.  M.  Reeves,  express  and  cartage  on 
fruit  boxes    3.48 


S    5      9706     T.   C.   Legoe,   superintendent,   pay   roll    fine   arts 
department: 
Gertrude  Todd,  judge,  3  days,  at  $5.00.$  15.00 

Gertrude  Todd,  judge,   expense    12.80 

Mrs.  John  Hess,  judge,  5  days,  at  $5.00  25.00 

J.  H.  Kelley,  assistant  superintendent, 

13   days,   at  $4.00    52.00 

Mrs.  F.  H.  Shoenhut,  assistant  superin- 
tendent, 12  days,  at  $3.25 39.00 

Margaret  Scott,  assistant  superintend- 
ent, 11  days,  at  $3.25    35.75 

Helen  Wharton,  assistant  superintend- 
ent, 11  days,  at  $3.25 35.75 

Ella  Geneva,  assistant  superintendent, 

11   days,   at   $3.25    35.75 

W.  G.  Clements,  clerk  to  superintend- 
ent, 9  days,  at  $3.25   29.25 

Edna  Patterson,  assistant,  10  days,  at 

$2.50     25.00 

Eva   Townsend,    assistant,    9    days,    at 

$2.50    22.50 

Elsa  Cornell,  assistant,  9  days  at  $2.50  22.50 

Marion   Wentworth,   assistant,   9    days 

at  $2.50   22.50 

W.  W.  Wilson,  assistant,  4  days  $2.50.  10.00 

Roy  Bedford,  assistant,  3  days  at  $2.50  7.50 

William  Thompson,  assistant,  10  days 

at  $2.50 25.00 

Fred  Allai,  assistant,  10  days  at  $2.50  25.00 

H.  D.  Ford,  assistant,  3  days  at  $2.50  7.50 

F.  Bottorf,  assistant,  2  days  at  $2.50. . .  5.00 

Edwin  Willcockson,  assistant,  10  days 
at  $2.50 25.00 


9-  5      9707    C.  E.  Cameron,  Pres.,  pay  roll  janitors  adminis- 
tration building: 
JefC    Logan,    custodian    administration 

building,  22  days  at  $3.50 77.00 

L.  M.  Brown,  janitor,  21  days  at  $2.50  52.50 

C.  B.  Brown,  janitor,  19  days  at  $2.50. .  47.50 

W.  H.  Birney,  janitor,  18  days  at  $2.50  45.00 
Henry   F.    Davis,   janitor,    14    days   at 

$2.50   35.00 

Mrs.    Maude    Wilkerson,     matron,     15 

days  at  $2.50  37.50 

M.  B.  Jackson,  janitor,  20  days  at  $2.50  50.00 


81.58 


477.80 


414  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Thomas    Harris,    janitor,    5    days    at 

$2.50 12.50 

C.  S.  Stewart,  janitor,  4  days  at  $2.50  10.00 

Harry  Hughes,  janitor,  9  days  at  $2.50  22.50 

Cliff  Williams,  janitor,  9  days  at  $2.50  22.50 

Wesley  Branch,  janitor,  1  day  at  $2.50  2,50 


414.50 


9-  5      9708    W.  C.  Brown,  Supt.  pay  roll  ticket  takers  side  shows: 
C.     W.    Briggs,    ticket   taker,    7    days 

at    $2.50    $  17.50 

H.  Bender,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at  $2.50  17.50 

H.  Bryant,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at  $2.50  17.50 

J.  Beach,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at  $2.50  17.50 

A.  W.  Weihn,  work  on  walks  and  clean- 
J.    F.    Coffin,    ticket   taker,    7    days    at 

$2.50 17.50 

H.  Coen,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at  $2.50  17.50 

V.  E.  Cherry,  ticket  taker,   7  days  at 

$2.50 17.50 

C.  Christiansen,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at 

$2.50 17.50 

V.  Diltz,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at  $2.50  17.50 

H.  Gross,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at  $2.50  17.50 

J.  H.  Hamilton,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at 

$2.50 17.50 

R.  D.  Harold,   ticket  taker,  7  days  at 

$2.50 17.50 

Carl   Meyers,    ticket   taker,    7    days   at 

$2.50 17.50 

H.  H.   Moyer,   ticket  taker,   7   days   at 

$2.50 17.50 

C.  F.  Mattern,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at 

$2.50 17.50 

Geo.  McCreight,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at 

$2.50 17.50 

W.  McDonald,  ticket  taker,   7   days  at 

$2.50 17.50 

A.    Olmstead,    ticket   taker,    7    days    at 

$2.50 17.50 

A.    E.    Olson,    ticket   taker,    7    days   at 

$2.50 17.50 

G.  W.  Patterson,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at 

$2.50 17.50 

A.  W.  Renshaw,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at 

$2.50 17.50 

Roe,    Chas.,    ticket    taker,    7    days    at 

$2.50 17  50 

J.  R.  Sterling,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at 

$2.50  17.50 


THIRTEENTH   x\NNUAL   YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  415 

Gage    Stahl,    ticket    taker,    7    days    at 

$2.50  17.50 

R.    Seaman,    ticket    taker,   7   days    at 

$2.50  17.50 

Fred  Utterback,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at 

$2.50   : 17.50 

C.  E.  Wheeler,  ticket  taker,  7  days  at 

$2.50  17.50 

O.   P.   Willey,   ticket  taker,   7   days  at 

$2.50  17.50 

E.  Easton,  ticket  taker,  5  days  at  $2.50  12.50 

H.  E.  Kingman,  ticket  taker,  5  days  at 

$2.50'   12.50 

V.   B.  Rex,   ticket  taker,   iYz    days   at 

$2.50 11.25 

R.  M.   Lewis,  ticket  taker,  3   days  at 

$2.50   7.50 

Tom  Walters,  ticket  taker,  2  days  at 

$3.25  6.50 

C.  H.  Leibsly,  cashier,  8  days  at  $3.25  26.00 

L.  F.  Rohde,  cashier,  8  days  at  $3.25. . .  26.00 

Teddy   Hinton,   watchman,    8   days   at 

$2.50 20.00 

B.  Breed,  ticket  man,  9  days  at  $3.75  35.75 

R.  W.  Fuller,  office,  10  days  at  $3.25. .  32.25 


9-  5       9709     W.  C.  Brown,  pay  roll  concessions  department: 
Pat  Roach,   concession  department,  12 

days  at  $4.00  $         48.00 

W.  V.  Palmer,  concession  department, 

17  days  at  $4.00   68.00 

9-  5       9710     R.  S.  Johnston,  Supt.,  pay  rolls  swine  dept.: 

A.  L.  Goodenough,  judge  Hampshires.  .$  50.00 

N.    H.    Gentry,   judge    Chester   Whites 

and  Berkshires  75.00 

C.  C.  Roup,  judge  Yorkshire  and  Tam- 

worth    20.00 

H.  F.  Hoffman,  judge  Duroc  Jerseys..  70.00 

Harvey  Johnson,  judge  Poland  China.  50.00 

Fred  Rood,  judge  Poland  China 25.00 

J.  M.  Stewart,  judge  Poland  China lO'.OO 

J.    Carson    Duncan,    assistant    superin- 
tendent, 9  days  at  $4.00 36.00 

H.  W.  Baker,  assistant  superintendent, 

10  days  at  $4.00 40.00 

Helen    Johnston,    office    assistant,    10 

days  at  $4.00  40.00 

Telegrams .87 


672.75 


116.00 


416.87 


416  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

9-  5       9711     E.  J.  Curtin,  Supt,  pay  roll  speed  department: 

0.  P.   Updegraff,  starter $  150.00 

Magnus  Flaws,  presiding  judge lOO'.OO 

J.  P.  Garrison,  judge,  1  day,  at  $5.00..  5.00 

Parley  Sheldon,  judge,  6  days  at  $5.00  30.00 

A.  O.  Laughlin,  judge,  6  days  at  $5.00  30.00 

L.  H.  Pickard,  timer,  6  days  at  $5.00.  30.00 

J.  T.  Gill,  timer,  6  days  at  $5.00 30.00 

Read  Kendall,  timer,  6  days  at  $5.00..  30.00 
Geo.  E.  Hobbs,  superintendent  track,  11 

days  at  $3.75  41.25 

Railroad  fare  Des  Moines  and  return  5.60 
M.  L.  Markham,  barn  boss,  17  days  at 

$3.00  51.00 

E.  A.  Elliott,  clerk  of  course,  14  days 

at  $3.75 52.50 

Railroad  fare  Des  Moines  and  return  4.40 
A.   L.   Denio,   assistant  superintendent 

speed,  12  days  at  $4.00 48.00 

Railroad  fare  Des  Moines  and  return  5.46 
Judson  Zentmire,   call  boy,   7  days  at 

$3.25 22.75 

Donald  Hill,  Jr.,  score  boy,  7  days  at 

$3.25   22.75 

N.    Van    Meter,    call    boy,    7    days    at 

$3.25   22.75 

Albert  Wind,  announcing,    5.00 

George  Baker,  uniform  boy,  7  days  at 

$3.25   22.75 

Curley  Holmes,  blacksmith lO.OO- 


9-  0       9712     E.  M.  Wentworth,  Supt.,  pay  roll  police  dept. : 

0.  A.  McKinney,  policeman,  5  days  at 

$3.50;  14  days  at  $2.50 $  52.50 

R.  Williams,  policeman,  8  days  at  $2.50  20.00 

W.  S.  Goodwin,  policeman,  21  days  at 

$2.50    52.50 

Geo.    D.    Thomas,    policeman,    9    days 

at  $2.50 22.50 

J.  W.   B.   Cole,   policeman,   10  days  at 

$2.50 25.00 

W.  L.  Wise,  policeman,  10  days  at  $2.50  25.00 

F.  L.  Randolph,  policeman  12  days  at 

$2.50   30.00 

R.   G.  Whisler,  policeman,   10   days   at 

$2.50   25.00 

M.  F.  Lockwood,  policeman,  10  days  at 

$2.50  25.00 


719.21 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR   BOOK— PART  VII  417 

I.    F.    Hodson,    policeman,    10    days    at 

$2.50   25.00 

A.    Hollowell,    policeman,    9    days    at 
$2.50  22.50 

G.    O.    Stansell,    policeman,    3    days    at 

$2.50    7.50 

7  days  at  $3.50 24.50 

S.  B.  Sands,  policeman,  9  days  at  $2.50  22.50 

H.  Aldrich,  policeman,  9  days  at  $2.50  22.50 

R,    C.    Lillibridge,    policeman,    9    days 
at  $2.50 22.50 

F.    A.     Robinson,    policeman,     9    days 
at  $2.50 22.50 

J.  W.  Vader,  policeman,  7  days  at  $2.50  17.50 

C.  G.  Sears,  policeman,  9  days  at  $2.50'  22.50 

A.  Lucing,  policeman,  9   days  at  $2.50  22.50 
J.    W.    Carter,    policeman,    12    days    at 

$2.50   30.00 

C.  O.  Breed,  policeman,  9  days  at  $2.50  22.50 
Henry    Popham,    policeman,   9    days   at 

$2.50    22.50 

B.  M.    Hester,    policeman,    10    days    at 

$2.50   25.00 

T.  C.  Cree,  policeman,  6  days  at  $2.50  15.00 

Dan  Staman,  policeman,  8  days  at  $2.50  20.00 

Frank  M.  Lockwood,  policeman,  2  days 

ml  $2.50;    8  days  at  $3.50 33.00 

R.    E.    Morgan,    policeman,    9    days    at 

$2.50   22.50 

Robert  Neal,  policeman,  8  days  at  $2.50  20.00 

W.     O.     DeSilva,     policeman,     9     days 

at  $2.50 22.50 

M.    B.    Hester,    policeman,    10    days   at 

$2.50   25.00 

D,  B.    Marshall,   policeman,   8   days   at 

$2.50  20.00 

Earl    E.    Brown,     policeman,     9     iays 

at  $2.50 22.50 

B.    H.    Howell,    policeman,    7    days   at 

$2.50   17.50 

H.    L.    Corbin,    policeman,    7    days    at 

$2.50   17.50 

H.    Ruttledge,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$2.50   20.00 

Ed   P.   Ellyson,   policeman,   8   days   at 

$2.50   20.00 

R.    L.    Downing,    policeman,     9     days 

at  $2.50 22.50 


27 


418  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Wm.    Wilson,    policeman,    9     days    at 

$2.50  22.50 

H.  D.  Ford,  policeman,  9  days  at  $2.50  22.50 

R.  E.  Frederick,  policeman,  7  days  at 

$2.50    17.50 

F.    O.    Bottroff,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$2.50   20.00 

Roy  H.  Bedford,  policeman,  8  days  at 

$2.50    20.00 

W.  C.  Miltharp,  policeman,  10  days  at 

$3.50   35.00 

W.  C.  Miltharp,  policeman,  expense...  2.00 

F.    W.    Steele,    policeman,    7    days    at 

$2.50    17.50 

P.    O.    Bunker,   policeman,    8    days   at 

$2.50   20.00 

Henry   Johnson,   policeman,   8   days   at 

$2.50  20.00 

James    McClelland,    policeman,    9    days 

at  $2.50 22.50 

Floyd  Hamilton,  policeman,   7   days  at 

$2.50    17.50 

J.    G.    Weiting,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$2.50   20.00 

J.    C.    Schoch,    policeman,    11    days    at 

$2.50     27.50 

J.  B.  Shuey,  policeman,  7  days  at  $2.50  17.50 

C.   D.   Danforth,  policeman,   8   days   at 

$2.50   20.00 

B.    F.    George,    policeman,    7    days    at 

$2.50    17.50 

Chas.    J.    Hall,    policeman,    7    days    at 

$2.50    17.50 

J.    F.    Cowan,    policeman,    7    days    at 

$2.50    17.50 

P.    M.    Jenks,    policeman,    10    days    at 

$2.50   25.00 

L.   D.   Mallonee,   policeman,   8   days   at 

$2.50   20.00 

I.  Parks,  policeman,  8  days  at  $2.50...  20.00 

Oley  Landey,  policeman,  8  days  at  $2.50  20.00 

L.  L.  Morris,  policeman,  8  days  at  $2.50  20.00 

Wm,    Suppala,    policeman,    7    days    at 

$2.50     17.50 

T.    E.   Wallace,   policeman,    7    days    at 

$2.50     17.50 

E.    W.    Schull,    policeman,    7    days    at 

$2.50     17.50 

John  Ireton,  policeman,  7  days  at  $2.50  17.50 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR   BOOK— PART  VII  419 

A.  J.  Fulton,  policeman,  7  clays  at  $2.50  17.50 

A.  W.  Sooth,  policeman,  7  days  at  $2.50  17.50 

B.  Garthwaite,    policeman,    7    days    at 

$2.50     17.50 

J.  T.   Mowerson,   policeman,  7   days  at 

$2.50     17.50 

E.  E.   Erickson,   policeman,   5   days   at 

$2.50    12.50 

Thomas  Housholder,  policeman,  2  days 

at  $2.50   5.00 

9   days   at   $2.50 22.50 

James    Jensen,    policeman,    2    days    at 

$2.50;    7  days  at  $3.50 29.50 

J.    M.    Crockett,    policeman,    7    days   at 

$2.50     17.50 

Vv^.    B.    Brown,    policeman,    7    days    at 

$2.50     17.50 

Verne  Felter,  policeman,  6  days  at  $2.50  15.00 

Amos    Martin,    policeman,    7    days    at 

$2.50     17.50 

U.    G.    Mogle,    policeman,    7    days    at 

$2.50     17.50 

F.  Ostermeyer,    policeman,    7    days   at 

$2.50     17.50 

Earl  Hem,  policeman,  7   days  at  $2.50  17.50 

J.  D.  Prendergast,  policeman,  7  days  at 

$2.50     17.50 

A.  E.    Metzger,   policeman,    8    days   at 

$2.50 20.00 

John    Martin,    policeman,    7    days    at 
$2.50     17.50 

B.  H.  Cave,  policeman,  7  days  at  $2.50  17.50 
Frank  Waggoner,  policeman,  7  days  at 

$2.50     17.50 

C.  Brittan,    policeman,    1    day    $2.50; 

5  days  at  $3.50;  8  days  at  $4.00 52.00 

A.  Loomis,  policeman,  6  days  at  $2.50  15.00 

J.    A.    Scoville,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$2.50;    8  days  at  $3.50 48.00 

L.    A.    Hunter,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$3.50    28.00 

Roy  Bever,  policeman,  8  days  at  $3.50  28.00 

Wm.  Coin,  policeman,  8  days  at  $3.50. .  28.00 

W.  O.   Tillotson,  policeman,  8  days  at 

$3.50    28.00 

L.    D.    Bruner,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$3.50    28.00 

J.    T.    Powers,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$3.50    28.00 


420  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

J.    H.    Mathis,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$3.50    28.00 

A.    C.    Elliott,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$3.50    28.00 

Walter   Brown,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$3.50   28.00 

'  Harvey    Ellis,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$3.50    28.00 

J.  C.  Posey,  policeman,  2  days  at  $3.50  7.00 

R.  L.  Clay,  policeman,  2  days  at  $3.50  7.00 

C.    E.    Meyers,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$3.50    28.00 

S.  E.   Thornton,  policeman,   8   days  at 

$3.50    28.00 

Ed    Donoghue,    policeman,    8    days    at 

$3.50    28.00 

H.  R.  Way,  policeman,  8  days  at  $3.50  28.00 

Seth  Way,  policeman,   8  days  at  $3.50  28.00 

Will  M.  Johnson,  policeman,  8  days  at 

$3.50    28.00 

S.   W.   Robbins,   policeman,    7    days   at 

$3.50   24.50 

Lee  Barns,  policeman,  7  days  at  $3.50  24.50 

L.   H.   Thornton,   policeman  8   days   at 

$3.50    28.00 

Jerry  Betts,  policeman,  7  days  at  $3.50  24.50 

L.  C.  Clark,  policeman,  6  days  at  $3.50  21.00 

J.    D.    Eveland,    policeman,    7    days   at 

$2.50   17.50 

Dick   Bye,    policeman,   7   days   at   $2.50  17.50 

H.  W.  Kempton,  policeman,  8  days  at 

$2.50   20.00 

L.  Hickman,  policeman,  8  days  at  $2.50  20.00 

Geo.   Thompson,   policeman,   8   days  at 

$2.50   20.00 

Chas.   E.  Miller,  policeman,   6   days  at 

$2.50   15.00 

Jno.   L.   Thompson,  policeman,   7   days 

at  $2.50    17.50 

M.  Latham,  policeman,  5  days  at  $2.50  12.50 

Sarh  Woodcock,  policeman,   5  days   at 

$2.50   12.50 

Frank  Leonard,  policeman,   5   days  at 

$2.50   12.50 

C.  Childress,  policeman,  5  days  at  $2.50  12.50 

Harry    Stover,    policeman,    5    days    at 

$2.50    12.50 

J.  W.  Heath,  policeman,  5  days  at  $2.50  12.50 

S.  Ellis,  policeman,  5  days  at  $2.50 12.50 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  421 

B.  Short,  policeman,  3  days  at  $2.50..  7.50 
G.  0.  Jones,  policeman,  5  days  at  $2,50            12.50 

C.  A.    Roberts,    policeman,    5    days   at 

$2.50   12.50 

A.  N.  Ellis,  policeman,  5  days  at  $2.50  12.50 
G.    D.    Taylor,    policeman,    5    days    at 

$2.50   12.50 

B.  W.  Kennedy,   policeman,  5  days  at 

$2.50   12.50 

Wm.   M.  Brown,  policeman,  5  days  at 

$2.50    12.50 

Nat  Wright,  policeman,  5  days  at  $2.50  12.50 

F.  K.    Stansell,   policeman,   5    days    at 

$2.50    12.50 

G.  P.  Scovel,  policeman,  5  days  at  $2.50  12.50 
G.    S.    DeVore,    policeman,    4    days    at 

$2.50   10.00 

L.   A.   Hasselquist,    policeman,    2    days 

$2.50  5.00 

A.   W.    Caunitt,   policeman,   4   days   at 

$2.50   10.00 

Edward    Hall,    policeman,    4    days    at 

$2.50    10.00 

Seth  Davis,  policeman,  4  days  at  $2.50  10.00 

H.  L.  Abernathy,  policeman,  3  days  at 

$2.50 7.50 

A.    C.    Greene,    policeman,    5    days    at 

$2.50 12.50 

James  Johnson,   policeman,    4   days   at 

$2.50   10.00 

A.    D.    Gibson,    policeman,    2    days    at 

$2.50' 5.00 

Charles  Minton,  policeman,  14  days  at 

$2.50   35.00 

John    McClure,    policeman,    3    days    at 

$2.50   7.50 

F.  R.  Davis,  policeman,  1  day  at  $2.50  2.50 

Anthony  Baker,   policeman,   6   days  at 

$2.50    15.00 

C.  C.  Helms,  policeman,  5  days  at  $2.50  12.50 
J.  E.  Kelley,  policeman,  4  days  at  $2.50  10.00 
C.    S.    Aldrich,    policeman,    5    days    at 

$3.50   17.50 

O.  M.  Olsen,  policeman,  5  days  at  $2.50  12.50 

R.  G.  Orr,  policeman,  5  days  at  $2.50  12.50 
J.    C.    Gregory,    policeman,    6    days    at 

$2.50    15.00 

R.    D.    Royster,    policeman,    5   days   at 

$2.50   12.50 


422  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

E.    E.    Babcock,    policeman,    5    days    at 

$2.50   12.50 

J.    R.    Maher,    policeman,    5    days    at 

$2.50   12.50 

J.    J.    Walker,    policeman,    5    days    at 

$2.50   12.50 

L.  M.  Abernathy,  policeman,  5  days  at 

$2.50    12.50 

B.  W.    Weaver,    policeman,    4    days    at 

$2.50    10.00 

R.  W.  Roberts  33.00 

M.    W.    Keating,    superintendent    camp 

grounds,   15   days   at   $3.50 52.50 

Don  Smith,  10  days  at  $2.00 20.00 

T.  J.  Hudson,  marshall   45.00 

C.  M.    Akers,    marshall 45.00 

Carl    Shields,    marshall    45.00 

Dona'-d   Hill,   chief  of   police 55.00 

C.  A.  Fulton,  assistant  chief  of  police, 

11  days  at  $4.00 44.00 

E.  J.  Frowick,  captain,  8  days  at  $4.00  32.00 
W.  M.  Clark,  assistant  superintendent, 

11  days  at  $4.00 44.00 

Frank  Cox,  watchman,  3  days  at  $2.50  7.50 
W.    H.    Walker,    assistant,    transporta- 
tion ;    5  days  at  $2.50 12.50 


9-  5       971-3     F.    E.    Sheldon,    Supt.,    pay    roll    agricultural    de- 
partment: 

Hattie  Shroyer,  pantry  department,  iV2 

days   at   $2.50    $  10.75 

Lon  Pollock,  superintendent  pantry  de- 
partment,   11    days   at   $4.00 44.00 

Harry   Laird,   assistant   pantry   depart- 
ment, 4  days  at  $2.50' 10.00 

Don  Shroyer,  assistant  pantry  depart- 
ment, 11  days  at  $2.50 27.50 

Maurice   H.    Keating,   assistant  pantry 

department,   8   days  at  $2.50 20.00 

J.  W.  Coverdale,  assistant  agricultural 

department,  14  days  at  $4.00 56.00 

M.    E.    Meyers,    assistant    agricultural 

department,  12  days  at  $2.50 30.00 

Jno.     P.     Drake,    janitor,     agricultural 

building,  7  days  at  $2.50 17.50 

Mrs.  Barlow,  judge  pantry  department  20.00 

John  Sunburg,  judge  corn 30.00 

M.  L.  Bowman,  judge  grain  and  seeds.  20.00 


3,569.00 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR   BOOK— PART  VII  423 

L.   Burnett,   assistant  judge  grain   and 

seeds   20.00 

Victor    Felter,    judge    individual    farm 

exhibits     30.00 

Walter    Plows,    judge    vegetables 30.00 

Eugene  Secor,  judge  honey,  bees,  etc..  10.00 

Harry  Hull,  helper,  2  days  at  $2.50...  5.00 


380.75 


9714     H.   L.  Pike,   Supt,  pay  roll  cattle  department: 

W.  H.  Pew,  assistant,  9  days  at  $4.00.$  36.00 
Edw.  N.  Wentworth,  assistant,  10  days 

at  $4.00   40.00 

E.  T.  Ferrin,  assistant,  6  days  at  $4.00  24.00' 

H.  H.  Kildee,  assistant,  7  days  at  $4.00  28.00 
Chas.    Meltzer,     ribbon     clerk,    6    days 

at  $2.50    15.00 

Harry    Staves,     office    boy,    8    days    at 

$1.00    8.00' 

Will      Forbes,     judge     Guernsey     and 

Brown  Swiss   65.95 

Dr.    M.    B.    Wood,   judge    Holstein    and 

Ayrshire    78.10 

W.  L.  Hunter,  judge  Jerseys 70.00 

J.  W.  Wilson,  judge  Red  Polls 62.00 

E.   R.   Silliman,   judge   Polled    Durham  30.00 

A.  J.  Ryden,  judge  Short  Horn 100.00 

Chas.   Escher,   Jr.,  judge   Galloway....  65.00 


622.05 

9-  5       9715     Des  Moines  Engraving  Co.,  engraving    18,15 

9-  6       9716     Homestead   Printing  Co.,   first   payment  printing 

1912    1,000.00 

9-  6       9717     American   Trotting  Association,   suspensions  and 

fines,  1912   188.00 

9-  6       9718     A.  P.  Haines,  refund  on  collection  of  speed  sus- 
pension   11.55 

9-  6       9719     J.  C.  Iseminger,  21  tons,  870  pounds  hay,  forage 

department     257.22 

9-  6       9720     Albert   Henry,    23    tons,    385    pounds   hay,    forage 

department    278.31 

9-  6       9721     E.   Reeves,   3  tons,   940  pounds  straw,   forage  de- 
partment      19.08 

9-  7       9722     C.  A.  Nash,  salary,  August   100.00 

9-  7       9723     EUie  Colton,  salary,  August 100.00 

9-  7       9724     J.  H.  Deemer,  salary,  August   100.00 

9-7       9725     Chas.    Porter,    advertising    Marion    county 12.00 

9-  7       9726     Jas.   Nowak,   advertising   Poweshiek   county 10.00 

9-  7       9727     Geo.  E.  Bliss,  advertising  Adams  county   10.00 

9-  7       9728     H.    A.    Russell,    advertising    Appanoose    county.  .  15.00 

9-  7       9729     J.  W.  Richards,  advertising  Audubon  county 12.00 


424  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

9730  Sol  White,  advertising  Benton  county 15.00 

9731  Herbert  J.  Long,  advertising  Bremer  county  . . .  15.00 

9732  A.  G,  Rigby,  advertising  Buchanan  county 15.00 

9733  W.  J.  Seivers,  advertising  Buena  Vista  county..  30.00 

9734  H.   E.   Churchill,   advertising  Carroll   county 15.00 

9735  C.  E.  Hoffman,  advertising  Cass  county •. . .  15.00 

9736  Stevers    Posting    Service,    advertising    Crawford 
county    15.00 

9737  Chas.  P.  Leach,  advertising  Davis  county 12.00 

9738  L.  C.  Hoffman,  advertising  Decatur  county 12,00 

9739  C.  D.  Williams,  advertising  Pranklin  county 10.00 

9740  E.  V.  McBroom,  advertising  Grundy  county 20.00 

9741  A.   B.  Turner,   advertising  Hancock   county 12.00 

9742  H.    S.    Martin,    advertising   Hardin    county 15.00 

9743  W.  B.  West,  advertising  Humboldt  county 15.00 

9744  P.  E.  Meredith,  advertising  Jasper  county 20.00 

9745  Geo.  A.  Hitchcock,  advertising  Johnson  county..  10.00 

9746  Chas.   P.   Nolte,   advertising  Kossuth   county. . . .  15.00 

9747  C.   C.   Ward,    advertising  Lucas   county 15.00 

9748  T.    J.    Hudson,    advertising    Madison    county....  15.00 

9749  P.  H.  Houghton,  advertising  Marshall  county. . . .  15.00 

9750  Porter  P.  Black,  advertising  Muscatine  county..  20.00 

9751  Carl    Shields,    advertising   Union   county 15.00 

9752  John  D.  Gerdes,  advertising  Wayne  county 15.00 

9753  T.  E.  Grisell,  advertising  Guthrie  county 12.00 

9754  O.   W.   Mullen,   advertising  Pocahontas   county..  10.00 

9755  D.  M.  Pinch,  assistant  superintendent  concession 

department    110.00 

9-7       9756     Iowa  State  Register  and  Parmer,  1912  advertising 

contract  and  cover  page  cut  207.70 

9-  7       9757     W.   H.   Watson,   lock   repairs    1.35 

9-  7      9758     Potts    Bros.,    estimate    cement    work,    machinery 

hall    floor    600.00 

9-  7       9759     L.  Gibson,  part  payment  1912  garbage  contract..  50.00 

9-  7  9760  L.  Gibson,  final  payment  1912  garbage  contract.  125.00 
9-  7       9761     E.  W.  Sweeney,  9  tons,  370  pounds  straw,  forage 

department    45.92 

9-  7       9762     T.  B.  Lenan,  175  bushels,  5  pounds  oats,  forage 

department    49.05 

9-  7  9763  Studebaker  Corporation,  water  sprinkler  attach- 
ment      65.00 

9-  7       9764     Hawkeye   Transfer  Co.,   1  truck,   2   dump  boxes, 

miscellaneous   implement  repairs  and  twine..  159.90 

9-7      9765     State   Insurance   Co.,   refund   on   tickets 2.50 

9-  7       9766     Morrison  Taxi  Co..  expense  aeroplane  committee 

meeting     7.50 

9-  7       9767     Mrs.  Annah  G.  Crawford,  miscellaneous  expense 

additional    land    3.60 

9-  7       9768     W.  J.  Kennedy,  judge  Shetland  ponies   50.00 


9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

8- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9- 

7 

9-  8 

9772 

9-  8 

9773 

9-  8 

9774 

9-  9 

9775 

9-10 

9776 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  425 

9-  7       9769    Walter  Palmer,  judge  saddle  and  harness  horses         125.00 
9-  8       9770     Ben  J.  Ness,  sheriff,  additional  land  condemned 

and  expense 329.75 

9-  8      9771     J.    F.    Summers,    correction    on    per    diem    and 

mileage,  board  meeting 4.30 

J.  F.  Summers,  telegram,  sheep  department,  July  3.22 

Iowa  Telephone  Co.,  toll  bills,  Ames  station .25 

Western   Union   Telegraph   Co.,   telegrams,   Ames 

station    2.37 

Great  Western  Racing  Circuit,  dues  1912 90.00 

A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  22  (grounds) : 
August  25   to   September   7,   inclusive. 
Chas.      Doughenbaugh,      amphitheater 

work,  attractions,  3  days,  2  hours,  at 

$2.00    $  6.40 

Jno.    W.   Wright,    cleaning   grounds,    3 

days,  at  $2.00 6.00 

Emanuel  Hughes,  work  on  fence,  3  days, 

at  $2.00   6.00 

Art  Driscol,  cleaning  grounds,  3  days, 

at  $2.00 6.00 

Joe  Dawson,  cleaning  buildings,  1  day, 

at  $2.00 2.00 

F.  A.  Harrison,  cleaning  grounds,  2 
days,  at  $2.00 4.00 

G.  E.  Buck,  misc.  work  during  fair,  3 
days,  2  hours,  at  $2.50 8.00 

A.  W.  Shaw,  misc.  work  during  fair,  3 

days,  2  hours,  at  $2.00 6.40 

E.  F.  Rummans,  amphitheater  work, 
attractions,  3  days,  9  hours,  at  $2.50  9.75 

Albert    Spevack,    amphitheater    work, 

attractions,  3  days,  at  $2.00 6.00 

T.    C.    Campbell,    cleaning   grounds,    3 

days,  at  $2.00 6.00 

G.  W.  Scott,  miscellaneous  work  during 
fair,  2  days,  at  $2.50    5.00 

Dave  Dickey,  amphitheater  work,  at- 
tractions, 3  days,  at  $2.50 7.50 

Noble  Stutsman,  stock  pavilion,  3  days, 
at  $2.50 7.50 

Jake  Burger,  stock  pavilion,  3  days,  at 
$2.50    7.50 

G.  A.  Turner,  amphitheater  work,  at- 
tractions, 3  days,  4  hours,  at  $2.50..  8.50 

J.  W.  Bailey,  cleaning  grounds,  3  days, 
at  $2.25 6.75 

Seth  Stewart,  amphitheater  work,  at- 
tractions, 3  days,  at  $4.00  12.00 


426  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Dick  Ledgerwood,  miscellaneous  work 
during  fair,  2  days,  at  $4.00 

Leonard  Olson,  cleaning  grounds,  2 
days,  at  $2.00 

John  W.  Post,  cleaning  grounds,  3  days, 
at  $2.00 

A.  Alcox,  light  plant,  76  5-9  hours,  at 
39  cents  

Grant  Simpson,  miscellaneous  work  dur- 
ing fair,  2  days,  at  $2.00 

J.  McLennan,  light  plant,  50  3-4  hours, 
at  39   cents    

R.  E.  O'Brien,  light  plant,  3]i/i>  hours, 
at   39   cents    

Geo.  Whitney,  foreman,  7  days,  at  $3.75 
5  2-10  days,  at  $2.25   

Carl  Heggen,  misc.  work  during  fair 
and  light  plant,  12  days,  9  hours,  at 
$3.00     

W.  S.  Gooding,  police  department,  3 
days,  at  $2.50 

A.  McKinney,  police  department,  3  days, 
at    $2.50    

J.  A.  Scovel,  police  department,  1  day, 
at    $2.50 

Homer  iMcCoy,  amphitheater  work,  at- 
tractions and  cleaning  grounds,  12i/4 
days  at  $4.00  

Henry  Deets,  cleaning  buildings,  5  days, 
at  $4.00 

A.  O.  Ogden,  miscellaneous  work  during 
fair,  31/0  days,  at  $2.00  

Wm.  Waller,  miscellaneous  work  during 
fair,  2  days,  at  $2.00 

A.  W.  Deets,  amphitheater  work,  at- 
tractions, 9  days,  at  $3.00 

W.  M.  Morton,  stock  pavilion,  attrac- 
tions, 10  days,  2  hours,  at  $2.00 

H.  J.  Smith,  stock  pavilion,  attrac- 
tions, 10  days,  2  hours,  at  $2.00 

Hoyt    Woodward,    miscellaneous    work 

during  fair,  7  days,  at  $1.75 12.25 

Jno.  W.  Post,  cleaning  grounds,  3  days, 
at  $2.00 6.00 

Geo.  Hardie,  water  boy,  2  days,  at  75 
cents 1.50 

Roy  Barnes,  water  boy,  2  days,  at  $1.00  2.00 

Roy  Finley,  camp  grounds,  5  days,  at 
$2.00    10.00 


8.00 

4.00 

6.00 

29.65 

4.00 

19.79 

12.29 

26.25 

11.70 

38.70 

7.50 

7.50 

2.50 

50.00 

20.00 

7.00 

4.00 

27.00 

20.40 

20.40 

THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR   BOOK— PART   VII  427 

Don    Paul,    camp    grounds,    6    days,    at 

$2.00     12.00 

Leo  Paul,  water  boy,  6  days,  5  hours,  at 

$1.25   8.13 

Harvey    Wilton,    cleaning    buildings,    5 

days,  6  hours,  at  $2.00 13.20 

R.  IPgam,  cleaning  grounds,  6  days,  5 

hours,  at  $2.00    13.00 

Thos.  Bennett,  miscellaneous  work  dur- 
ing fair,  5  days,  5  hours,  at  $2.00 11.00 

Ted  Woodward,  light  plant,   8   days,   2 

hours,  at  $1.75 14.35 

Geo.  Whitmer,  light  plant,  9^4  days,  at 

$1.75    16.19 

Caleb  Johns,  cleaning  grounds,  9  days, 

at  $4.00 36.00 

Sam   Thornton,   work   on   race   tract,   4 

days,  at  $4.00 16.00 

Joe    Moyer,    work    on    race    track    and 

cleaning  grounds,  21  days,  at  $4.00..  81.00 

Harley  Thornton,  work  on  race  track,  6 

days,  at  $4.00 24.00 

I.  B.  Brown,  cleaning  grounds,  10  days, 

8  hours,  at  $4.00 43.20 

Dan   Doughenbaugh,    cleaning   grounds 

and  work  on  race  track,  12  days,  at 

$4.00    48.00 

Homer   Brown,    cleaning    grounds    and 

placing    chairs    in    amphitheater,    10 

days,  at  $4.00 40.00 

C.  A.  Powers,  work  on  light  plant,  129I/2 

hours,  at  39  cents 50.31 

D.  O.   McAlister,   work   on   light  plant, 

153  hours,  at  42.7  cents    65.33 

R.  E.  McLaughlin,  work  on  light  plant, 

1441/^  hours,  at  39  cents 56.35 

E.  A.  Snow,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

5  hours,  at  $3.00    34.50 

T.  W.  Davis,  miscellaneous  work  during 

fair,  12  days,  at  $2.50 30.00 

Don  Hoppes,  miscellaneous  work  during 

fair,  7  days,  at  $2.50 17.50 

D.  C.  King,  miscellaneous  v/ork  during 

fair,  6  days,  at  $2.50 15.00 

M.  Burnett,  miscellaneous  work  during 

fair,  10  days,  at  $2.00 20.00 

Arthur     Duncan,     miscellaneous     work 

during  fair,  6  days,  2  hours,  at  $2.75  17.06 


428  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Walter  Hunt,  miscellaneous  work  dur- 
ing fair,  1  day,  at  $3.00 3.00 

Jas.    Fredregill,    labor    on    grounds,    7 

days,  5  hours,  at  $4.00 30.00 

Kenneth  Fredregill,  labor  on  grounds, 

7  days,  5  hours,  at  $1.00 7.50 

H.  P.  Stouffer,  miscellaneous  work  dur- 
ing fair,  11  days,  1  hour,  at  $3.00 33.30 

Henry  Kurtz,  labor  on  grounds,  12  days, 

at  $2.00   24.00 

Ed  McCowan,  cleaning  grounds,  9  days, 

5  hours,  at  $2.00 19.00 

I.  J.  Whitmer,  labor  on  grounds,  12 
days,  at  $2.00 24.00 

Earl  Doughenbaugh,   labor   on   streets, 

2  days,  at  $2.00 4.00 

A.  W.  Wiehn,  labor  on  grounds,  12  days, 
at  $2.00   24.00 

Chas.  Newell,  amphitheater  work,  at- 
tractions, 7  days,  9  hours,  at  $2.00'. .  15.80 

S.  T.  Wilson,  labor  on  grounds,  12  days, 
at  $2.00   24.00 

J.   0.  Fredregill,  cleaning  buildings,   7 

days,  3  hours,  at  $2.00 14.60 

Dan  Widener,  cleaning  grounds,  8  days, 

2  hours,  at  $2.00 16.40 

Earl  Reddington,  cleaning  grounds,  11 
days,  at  $2.00 22.00 

Chas.    Brennan,    labor   on   grounds,    12 

days,  at  $2.00 24.00 

Parker  Douglas,  labor  on  w^ater  system, 

15  days,  at  $2.00 30.00 

C.  M.  Dawson,  amphitheater  work,  at- 
tractions, 8  days,  1  hour,  at  $2.00...  16.20 

Theo.  Broerman,  cleaning  buildings  and 

grounds,  12  days,  at  $1.75 21.00 

Dan  Faircloth,  labor  on  water  system, 

12  days,  6  hours,  at  $2.25 28.38 

W.  R.  Wilkins,  cleaning  buildings,   11 

days,  6  hours,  at  $2.00  23.20 

Dallas  Swartz,  miscellaneous  labor  dur- 
ing fair,  8  days,  2  hours,  at  $2.00 16.40 

Jno.  Olson,  cleaning  grounds,  11  days, 
at  $2.00 22.00 

D.  B.  Hughes,  labor  on  water  system 
and   drainage,   14   days,    6   hours,   at 

$2.00    29.20 

Henry  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  drainage 
and  streets,  11 1-3  days,  at  $2.50 28.25 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  429 

Frank    Maricle,    labor    on    grounds,    11 

days,  at  $2.00 22.00 

Chas.  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  light  sys- 
tem, 5  days,  at  $2.00 10.00 

0.  Iseminger,  labor  on  race  track  and 
cleaning  buildings,  5Vj  days,  at  $4.00  22.00 


Toilet  Attendants. 

Joe  Wilson,  toilets,  6  days,  at  $2.00 12.00 

Verne    Simmons,    toilets,    10    days,    at 

$2.00   20.00 

Ben  Elmor©>  toilets,  9  days,  at  $2.00.  ..  18.00 

W.  Humburd,  toilets,  8  days,  at  $2.00..  16.00 

W.  M.  Parker,  toilets,  7  days,  at  $2.00. .  14.00 

Wallace  Baker,  toilets,  6  days,  at  $2.00  12.00 

W.  H.  Elmore,  toilets,  6  days,  at  $2.00  12.00 

F.  Mappin,  toilets,  6  days,  at  $2.00 12.00 

E.  H.  Hughes,  toilets,  6  days,  at  $2.00. .  12.00 

Geo.  Cleggett,  toilets,  6  days,  at  $2.00. .  12.00 

Jas.  Hill,  toilets,  4  days,  at  $2.00 8.00 

Lizzie  Elmore,  toilets,  6  days,  hi  $1.50.  9.00 

Anna  Pettison,  toilets,  6  days,  at  $1.50  9.00 
Mrs.  A.  H.  Harrison,  toilets,  7  days,  at 

$1.50   10.50 

Hattie  Deggs,  toilets,  6  days,  at  $1.50. .  9.00 

Mrs.  A.  Walker,  toilets,  8  days,  at  $1.50  12.50 

Mrs.  S.  Jeffries,  toilets,  7  days,  at  $1.50  10.50 

Miles  Baylor,  toilets,  4  days,  at  $2.00..  8.00 
Mrs.  Vern  Simmons,  toilet,  9  days,  at 

$1.50    13.50 

Susie  Sims,  toilets,  5  days,  at  $1.50 7.50 

Emma  Dickens,  toilets,  9  days,  at  $1.75  15.75 

A.  Monroe,  toilets,  9  days,  at  $2.00 18.00 

W.  Branch,  toilets,  8  days,  at  $2.00 16.00 

T.  F.  French,  toilets,  8  days,  at  $2.00..  16.00 
Marshall    Howard,    toilets,    8    days,    at 

$2.00     16.00 

Robt.  Bruce,  toilets,  6  days,  at  $2.00...  12.00 

Vina  Rodgers,  toilets,  8  days,  at  $1.50. .  12.00 

Martha  Grimes,  8  days,  at  $1.50 12.00 

Rosa  Seymore,  toilets,  5  days,  at  $1.50. .  7.50 
Mrs.  Geo.  Darricott,  toilets,  8  days,  at 

$L50   12.00 

Lena  Print,  toilets,  1  day,  at  $1.50 1.50 

Mrs.  R.  Townsend,  toilets,   5  days,  at 

$1.50    7.50 

Mrs.  J.  Stanton,  toilets,  4  days,  at  $1.50  6.00 

Georgia  Goss,  toilets,  4  days,  at  $1.50. .  6.00 


1,719.08 


395.25 


430  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

9-10       9777     G.  S.  Gilbertson,  treasurer,  correction  of  deposit, 

forage  department 74.25 

9-10  9778  Jesse  Alexander,  13  tons,  1,190  pounds  of  hay,  7 
tons,  425  pounds,  straw;  270  bushels,  25  pounds, 
oats,   forage   department    275.02 

9-10  9779  Pinkerton  Nat'l  Detective  Agency,  detective  serv- 
ices,   1912    fair 177.00 

9-10       9780     Colfax  Mercantile  Co.,  refund  on  tickets 4.50 

9  10       9781     W.  H.  Knight,  secy.,  collection  fee,  suspensions, 

speed  department 8.10 

9-12       9782     W.  W.  Moore,  posting  billboard  paper,  1912 669.55 

9-13       9783     Spirit  of  the  West,  2d  payment  advertising  speed 

program,  1912    62.50 

9-13       9784     J.  H.  Abernathy,  boys'  camp  expense   10.00 

9-13       9785     0.  A.   Olson,   expense   attending   Minnesota   state 

fair    11.65 

9-13  9786  0.  A.  Olson,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive  com- 
mittee meeting 27.50 

9-13       9787     C.  E.  Cameron,  expense  attending  Minnesota  and 

Nebraska  fairs 37.00 

9-14       9788     C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 

committee  meeting 30.00' 

9-14       9789     W.  B.  Barney,  superintendent  dairy  department  60.00 

9-17       9790     Milt  Persons,  138  bushels,  18  pounds,  oats,  forage 

department  38.23 

9-17  9791  King  Construction  Co.,  grading  contract  horse 
barn,  street  car  entrance,  speed  barn,  draw  gate 
at  track  and  streets 1,656.55 

9-17  9792  Massillon  Bridge  &  Structural  Co.,  balance  on  ma- 
chinery hall  contract,  1911 294.12 

9-17  9793  Massillon  Bridge  &  Structural  Co.,  gates  machin- 
ery  hall    50.00 

9-17       9794     Des  Moines  Bridge  &  Iron  Co.,  1st  payment  new 

street  car  entrance 3,000.00 

9-17       9795     S.  Joseph  &  Son,  badges  and  buttons,  1912  fair..  144.75 

9-17       9796     J.     S.    Wilson    Floral    Co.,    plants    and    flowers 

(grounds)    298.14 

9-17       9797     A.    R.    Corey,    expense    attending    Nebraska    and 

Minnesota  state  fairs  41.55 

9-19       9798     Geo.  K.  Scott,  extra  clerk,  14  days,  September 42.00 

9-19       9799     Potts   Bros.,   settlement   on   contracts   for   cement 

w^ork,  1912 1,677.10 

9-19       9800     Ora  Williams,  supt.  publicity  department,  1912..  550.00 

9-19  9801  American  Press  Assn.,  plate  matter  country  ad- 
vertising, 1912   544.53 

9-19       9802     Farmer  &  Breeder,  advertising  contract,  1912 75.00 

9-19       9803     Kimball's    Dairy    Farmer,    advertising    contract, 

1912    91.00 

9-19       9804     The  Golden  Egg,  advertising  contract,  1912 15.00 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR   BOOK— PART  VII  431 

9-19       9805     Profitable   Breeding   &   Farming   Co.,   advertising 

contract,  1912 8.00 

The  Road  Maker,  advertising  contract,  1912 24.00 

Register  &  Leader  Co.,  advertising  contract,  1912.  40'6.80 

Des  Moines  Daily  News,  advertising  contract,  1912  302.40 

Des  Moines  Capital,  advertising  contract,  1912...  299.88 

Des  Moines  Electrical  Co.,  light  service,  1912 587.89 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Co.,  freight,  light  fixtures 1.41 

Des  Moines  Fly  Trap  Co.,  75  fly  traps 56.25 

Mrs.  Frank  Carleton,  matron  rest  cottage 30.45 

Fred  Hethershav/,  asst.  supt.  agricultural  depart- 
ment, labor  and  grain  decorations 410.00 

Sestier  Bros.,  contract  hauling  manure,  1912 200.00 

H.  L.  Bode,  refund  swine  pen  rent  12.00 

Bureau  of  Advertising,  2  forms  multigraph  letters  5.50 

Bishard  Bros.,  legal  notice  land  condemnation. . . .  9.00 

E.  D.  Chassell,  binding  1911  award  books 6.25 

Des    Moines   Cabinet   Co.,   turning  16   rollers   for 

moving  horse  barns 5.60 

Des  Moines   Capital,   advertising  for  bids,  horse 

barns 10.50 

Des  Moines  Capital,  advertising  for  bids,  agricul- 
tural and  machinery  hall,  floors  and  curb 8.13 

Des  Moines  Electric  Co.,  freight,  2  transformers.  2.24 

Donaldson  Litho.  Co.,  billboard  paper 176.00 

Des  Moines  Daily  News,  advertising  house  sale..  3.50 

Chas.  B.  Lusk  Calendar  Co.,  1200  hangers 56.35 

Jos.  Meekma,  refund  swine  pen  rent 3.00 

Kenyon  Prtg.  Co.,  tinning  hangers 6.50 

Iowa  Seed  Co.,  plants  and  flowers,  grounds 9.00 

Wm.  Trillow,  plants  and  flowers,  grounds 4.50 

Maplehurst  Gardens,  plants  and  flowers,  grounds  11.25 
J.    E.    Lovejoy,    balance    on    contract,    machinery 

hall  and  closets 294.43 

Nat'l  Aeroplane  Co.,  2M,  1  sheet  posters 36.00 

Wm.  J.  Niles,  1  bbl.  wall  finish 5.17 

Percheron  Society  of  America,  stud  book,  vol.  13  3.00 

E.  C.  Snyder,  number  cards,  poultry  department 
and  camp  grounds  28.20 

Sciota  Sign  Co.,  cardboard  and  fibre  signs 132.00 

A.  0.  Stanley,  refund  swine  pen  rent 4.00 

F.  C.  Tatro,  refund  swine  pen  rent 3.00 

Underwood  Typewriter  Co.,  1  new  typewriter  and 

rent  3  machines  5  weeks   83.53 

American  Litho.  Co.,  miscellaneous  printing 103.15 

Central  Iron  Works,  100  lawn  seats 190.00 

H.  V.  Bright,  turnstile  and  ticket  chopper 110.00 

American   Steel  &  Wire  Co.,  170  rods  fence  for 

new  land  142.30 


9-19 

9806 

9-19 

9807 

9-19 

9808 

9-19 

9809 

9-19 

9810 

9-19 

9811 

9-19 

9812 

9-19 

9813 

9-19 

9814 

9-19 

9815 

9-19 

9816 

9-19 

9817 

9-19 

9818 

9-19 

9819 

9-19 

9820 

9-19 

9821 

9-19 

9822 

9-19 

9823 

9-19 

9824 

9-19 

9825 

9-19 

9826 

9-19 

9827 

9-19 

9828 

9-19 

9829 

9-19 

9830 

9-19 

9831 

9-19 

9832 

9-19 

9833 

9-19 

9834 

9-19 

9835 

9-19 

9836 

9-19 

9837 

9-19 

9838 

9-19 

9839 

9-19 

9840 

9-19 

9841 

9-19 

9842 

9-19 

9843 

9-19 

9844 

432  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

9-19       9845     Geo.  A.  Heyl,  attraction  contract,  1912 100.00 

9-19       9846     Jno.  W.  Budd,  laying  out  camp  grounds 317.50 

9-19       9847     Jno.  A.  Burris,  civil  engineer  work,  streets,  ma- 
chinery hall,  bleachers  and  ground  plans 163.50 

9-19       9848     Woelfel  Leather  Co.,  1  car  spent  tan  bark  for  stock 

pavilion   65.75 

9-19       9849     Weldon,  Y/illiams  &  Lick,  coupon  and  strip  tickets, 

1912 94.35 

9-19       9850     Jas.    Fredregill,   IM   brick   Crawford   house,   addi- 
tional land   8.75 

9-19       9851     Wallace's  Farmer,  advertising  contract,  1912 250.00 

9-19       9852     Wallace's    Farmer,    printing    Greater    Iowa    pro- 
grams, etc 309.30 

9-19       9853     Smith    Brooks    Prtg.    Co.,    4M,    1    sheet   hangers, 

Cheyenne  show  128.00 

9-19       9854     Rockford  Steel  Fixture  Co.,  hay  racks  and  man- 
gers horse  barns 850.00 

9-19       9855     The  Osborne  Co.,  3M  hangers 219.52 

9-19       9856     D.  E.  Moon  &  Co.,  miscellaneous  printing 23.40 

9-19       9857     Garfield    Clothing    Co.,    caps   and    jackets,    speed 

department 76.70 

9-19       9858     W.  S.  Frazier  &  Co.,  rent  two  sulkies 24.00 

9-19       9859     Sam  Frankenstein,  rent  searchlight  and  carbons 

for  night  show 28.00 

9-19       9860     Globe  Ticket  Co.,  roll  tickets  238.29 

9-20       9861     Alex.  Cruikshank,  balance  on  property  exchange, 

additional  land   94.60 

9-20       9862     Shannon  &  Mott  Co.,  1st  payment,  chop  feed,  1912, 

forage  department  1,160.00 

9-20       9863     A.    R.    Corey,    Secy.,    deposit    on    country    adver- 
tising           2,500.00 

9-20       9864     Louis  Kurtz,  P.  M.,  postage 50.00 

9-20       9865     J.  E.  Lovejoy,  3d  estimate  new  horse  barn 3,000.00 

9-20      9866     Dr.  Lena  Means,  nurse,  babies'  health  contest 3.00 

9-20       9867     Mary  T.  Watts,  expense  account  babies'  health  con- 
test      6.25 

9-20      9868     Dr.   Velura   E.   Powell,    expense   account   babies' 

health  contest  5.64 

9-20      9869     Dr.  Margaret  Clark,  expense  account  babies'  health 

contest    4.24 

9-21      9870     Dr.  Kate  Harpel,  expense  account  babies'  health 

contest 1-70 

9-21       9871     Dr.   Florence   Sherborn,   expense   account  babies' 

contest 2.80 

9-21      9872    W.  B.  Barney,  Supt,  pay  roll  dairy  department: 
August  22  to  September  20,  inclusive. 

Brinsmaid  &  Co.,  material,  spoons  and 

dishes    $  4.44 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  433 

Wells,  Fargo  Express  Co.,  express  on 
ice   cream    from    Oelwein    16.50 

Richard    Woodruff,    labor,    ice    cream 

stand    9.25 

Wells,  Fargo  Express  Co.,   express  on 

ice  cream  from   Oelwein    5.50 

Mrs.  Lois  Kearns,  assistant  ice  cream 

stand    17.00 

Rollin  B.  Johnson,  janitor  and  watch- 
man, 7  days 17.50 

Geo.  Kratz,  assistant  ice  cream  stand..  17.00 

Rodney  Hudson,  assistant  ice  cream 
stand    16.75 

Hilda  Armstrong,  assistant  ice  cream 
stand    lo.OO 

Fred  Hudson,  assistant  ice  cream  stand  14.50 

Alice  Moser,  assistant  ice  cream  stand  9.75 

Lawrence  Boutin,  assistant  butter  scor- 
ing and  ice  cream  stand   16.25 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gorrigan  and  Ethel,  sup- 
ervisors,  ice  cream   stand    51.25 

B.    C.    Iliff,    assistant    superintendent, 

12    days    42.00 

Langan  Bros.  Co.,  paper  "ice  cream 
dishes  3.00 

D,  M.  Tent  &  Awning  Co.,  rental,  two 
stoves 1.50 

D.  M.  Tent  •&  Awning  Co.,  rental,  one 
spring  cot    .50 

Saunders  Ice  Cream  Co.,  20  gallons  ice 
cream 15.00 

Stephenson  &  Nebreau,  100  gallons  ice 
cream,  at  58  cents  per  gallon 58.00 

T.  A.  Clark,  butter  judge    7.50 

J.  J.  Ross,  butter  judge  7.50 

H.  E.  Forrester,  butter  judge  7.50 

Younker  Bros.,  supplies   22.08 

Hutchinson  Purity  Ice  Cream  Co.,  ice 

cream,  461  gallons    345.70 

Bilz  Sign  Co.,  signs  and  decorating 
work 5.50 

B.  C.  Iliff,  cartage  butter  exhibit 3.00 


729.47 

9-21       9873  H.  B.  Lizer,  advertising  Black  Hawk  county 20.00 

9-21       9874  Alex  McLennan,  advertising  Iowa  county. 20.00' 

9-21       9875  Lorren  Perrin,  advertising  Monroe  county 12.00 

9-21      9876  Wesley  Green,  planting  flower  grounds 43.40 

9-21       9877  Iowa  Telephone  Co.,  toll  bills,  Ames  station 1.45 

28 


434  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

9-23       9878     A.  R.  Corey,  secretary  pay  roll  No.  23,  grounds: 
September  9-21,  inclusive. 

Parker  Douglas,  labor  on  water  system, 
41  o  days,  at  $2.00   $  9.00 

Dan  Doughenbaugh,  labor  on  streets 
and  cleaning  grounds,  10  days,  at 
$4.00     40.00 

I.  B.  Brown,  labor  on  streets  and  clean- 
ing grounds,  S'^A  days,  at  $4.00 34.00 

August    Olson,    cleaning    grounds    and 

buildings,  12  days,  at  $2.50 30.00 

Don  Faircloth,  labor  on  water  system, 

41V,   days,  at  $2.25    10.12 

Carl    Heggen,    cleaning    grounds,    II14 

days,    at    $3.00    34.50 

A.  W.  Weihn,  labor  on  streets  and  clean- 
ing buildings,  12  days,  at  $2.00 24.00 

Jno.  Olson,  cleaning  grounds  and  build- 
ings, 8  days,  at  $2.00    16.00 

Henry   Grandgeorge,   cleaning  grounds 

and    buildings,    9    days,    at   $2.50 22.50 

I.   J.   Whitmer,   cleaning   grounds   and 

labor  on  streets,  11  days,  at  $2.00..  22.00 

R.  L.  Illgan,-  cleaming  grounds,  6  days, 

at    $2.00    12.00 

Jas.    Fredregill,    cleaning    grounds,    1 

day,  at  $4.00       4.00 

C.  M.  Dawson,  cleaning  buildings,  8-10 

day,    at    $2.00    1.60 

J.  O.  Fredregill,  cleaning  buildings,  lio 

days,  at  $2. CO   3.00 

Chas.  Doughenbaugh,  cleaning  build- 
ings and  work  on  light  system,  5 
days,  at  $2.00    10.00 

S.    P.    Wilson,    cleaning    grounds    and 

buildings,  9  days,  at  $2.00   18.00 

M.    Burnett,    cleaning   grounds,    1    day, 

at  $2.00   2.00 

Geo.  Whitney,   foreman,   11 1^    days,   at 

$2.25     25.87 

Theo.  Broerman,  cleaning  grounds  and 
buildings,  11  days,  at  $1.75 19.75 

Earl  Reddington,  cleaning  grounds  and 
buildings,  6  days,  at  $2.00       12.00 

D.  O.  McAlister,  work  on  light  system, 

2  days,  at  $3.85 7.70 

H.  P.  Stouffer,  cleaning  grounds,  1  day, 

at  $3.00   3.00 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR   BOOK— PART  VII 


435 


9-25 

9879 

9-25 

9880 

9-26 

9881 

9-26 

9882 

9-26 

9883 

9-27 

9884 

9-30 

9885 

9-30 

9886 

9-30 

9887 

9-30 

9888 

9-30 

9889 

9-3'0 

98£0 

9-30 

9891 

9-30 

9892 

9-30 

9893 

10-  2 

9894 

10-  8 

9895 

10-  8       9896 


E.  A.   Snow,   cleaning   grounds,   1   day, 

at  $3.00   3.00 

T.  W.  Davis,  cleaning  buildings,  1  day, 

at    $2.50    2.50 

Henry    Kurtz,    cleaning    grounds    and 

buildings,  10  days,  at  $2.00  20.00 

Chas.    Brennan,   cleaning   grounds   and 

buildings,  IO14  days,  at  $2.00   21.00 

Ed    McKowan,    cleaning    grounds    and 

buildings,  9i->  days,  at  $2.00    19.00 

D'.    B.    Hughes,    cleaning    grounds    and 

buildings,  4  days,  at  $2.00  8.00 


434.54 

Iowa  State  College,  expense  college  exhibit  1912.  415.90 

Homestead  Co.,  advertising  contract  1912    250.00 

Geo.  E.  Sawyer,  refund  3  swine  pens  3.00 

J.  H.  Queal  &  Co.,  part  payment  lumber  bill  1912       5,000.00 
O'Dea  Hdw.  Co.,  part  payment  hardware  bill  1912  750.00 

David  Erwin,  threshing  506  bushels  oats,  grounds  12.65 

C.  A.  Nash,  salary,  September   125.00 

Elsie  Colton,  salary,  September 100.00 

J.   H.   Deemer,   salary,   September    100.00 

Edith  K.  Smith,  balance  salary,  September   10.00 

Minnie  Anderson,  extra  clerk,  September 65.00 

Bess    Willions,    extra    clerk,    September,     (20i/)) 

days) 51.25 

Geo.  K.  Scott,  correction  in  salary,  1  day 3.00 

Valley   Junction    Christian    Church,    dining   hall, 

meals  for  boys'  camp   660.66 

R.  B.  Ogilvie,  judge  horse  department   125.00 

P.  W.  Van  Natta,  judge  cattle  department 100.00 

C,  M.  '■&  St.  Paul  Ry.  Co.,  freight  and  storage  doors 

new  horse  barn 12.47 

A.  R.  Corey,  pay  roll  No.  24  (grounds)  : 

September  24-October   5,   inclusive, 
H.    P.    Stouffer,    labor    on    closets    and 

horre  barns,  IV'2   days,  at  $3.00 $  22.50 

E.  A.  Snow,  labor  on  closets  and  horse 

barns,    11    days,    at   $3.00 33.00 

Tom  Davis,  labor  on  closets  and  horse 

barns,  11  days, '  at  $2.50    27.50 

M.   Burnett,   labor  on  closets  and  mis- 
cellaneous repair?,  11  days,  at  $2.00. .  22.00 
J.    I.    Whitmer,    labor    on    tracks    and 

walks,  11  days,  at  $2.00    22.00 

Jno.  Olson,  labor  on  walks  and  drain- 
age,   10    days,    at   $2.00    20.00 

Theo.    Broerman,    cleaning    grounds,    8 
days,  4  hours,  at  $1.75   14.70 


436  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

C.  Brennan,  labor  on  grounds,  11  days, 

at    $2.00    22.00 

H.   Grandgeorge,   drainage  and  miscel- 
laneous repairs,  Syo  days,  at  $2.00..  17.00 

I.  B.  Brown,  work  on  walks  and  streets, 
11  days,  at  $4.00  44.00 

S.  T.  Wilson,  work  on  walks  and  mis- 
cellaneous repairs,  SYo  days  at  $2.00  17.00 

Ed  McKowan,  drainage,  1  day,  9  hours, 
at  $2.00    3.80 

Rudolph  Illgan,  drainage,  5^2   days  at 

$2.00   11.00 

ing  grounds.  12  days,  at  $2.00   24.00 

I.  B.  Brown,  work  on  walks  and  streets, 

2%  days,  at  $4.00   10.00 

Geo,    Whitney,    foreman,    5^4    days',    at 

$2.25 12.37 

327.12 

10-10       9897     A.  R.  Corey,  secretary,  balance  country  advertis- 
ing      548.02 

10-12      9898     W.  H.  Knight,  secretary,  collection  of  suspensions, 

speed   department    5.00 

10-12       9899     Manhattan   Oil   Co.,   road   oil,   gasoline   and  kero- 
sene      747.73 

10-12       9900     Ferguson  Printing  Co.,  printing 101.25 

10-12       9901     R.  McKimm,   1  ton,  235   pounds  hay,   forage  de- 
partment      13.41 

10-14       9902     The   Western   Horseman,   advertising   speed   pro- 
gram, 1912   85.89 

The  Horseman,  advertising  speed  program,  1912.  86.00 
The    Horse    Review,    advertising    speed    program 

1912    120.72 

Fred  M.  Hanson,  superintendent  boys'  comp,  1912.  27.00 

Truman  Smith,  assistant  boys'  camp,  1912 20.00 

J.  H.  Abernathy,  assistant  boys'  camp 17.30 

O.  E.  Atkinson,  assistant  boys'  camp   16.85 

Ralph  Fletcher,  assistant  boys'  camp   12.16 

L.  S.  Huntley,  refund  2  cattle  stalls,  1912 4.00 

Walker  Bros.,  refund  1  cattle  stall,  1912 2.00 

Brown  &  Walker,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 6.00 

Geo.  E.  Brown,  refund  horse  stall'rent,  1912 15.00 

Jos.  C.  Brunk,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 2.00 

Ed  Clapper,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 2.00 

W.  S.  Corsa,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 10.00 

Crawford  &  Griffin,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912.  4.00 

Fred  Crawford,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 4.00 

R.  W.  Crumpacker,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912.  4.00 

C.  G.  Dallas,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 2.00 

W.  L.  De  Clow,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 72.00 


10-14 

9903 

10-14 

9904 

10-14 

9905 

10-14 

9906 

10-14 

9907 

10-14 

9808 

10-14 

9909 

10-14 

9910 

10-14 

9911 

10-14 

9912 

10-14 

9913 

10-14 

9914 

10-14 

9915 

10-14 

9916 

10-14 

9917 

10-14 

9918 

10-14 

9919 

10-14 

9920 

10-14 

9921 

10-14 

9922 

10-14 

9923 

10-14 

9924 

10-14 

9925 

10-14 

9926 

10-14 

9927 

10-14 

9928 

10-14 

9929 

10-14 

9930 

10-14 

9931 

10-14 

9932 

10-14 

9933 

10-14 

9934 

10-14 

9935 

10-14 

9936 

10-14 

9937 

10-14 

9938 

10-14 

9939 

10-14 

9940 

10-14 

9941 

10-14 

9942 

10-14 

9943 

10-14 

9944 

10-14 

9945 

10-16 

9946 

10-17 

9947 

10-17 

9948 

10-18 

9949 

10-18 

9950 

10-18 

9951 

10-19 

9952 

10-21 

9953 

10-21 

9954 

10-21 

9955 

10-21 

9956 

10-21 

9957 

10-21 

9958 

10-21 

9959 

10-21 

9960 

10-21 

9961 

10-21 

9962 

THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  437 

Loren  Dunbar,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 14.00 

Dunham's,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 24.00 

Robt.  Dyer,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 2.00 

Geo.  Eggert,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 6.00 

W.  &  A.  Graham,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 4.00 

G.  W.  Grigsby,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 2.00 

S.  M.  Hague,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 2.00 

Hildebrand  Bros.,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912..  4.00 

E.  L.  Humbert,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 4.00 

F.  L.  Hutson  &  Son,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912.  4.00 

Chas.  Irvine,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 2.00 

C.  E.  Jones,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 12.00 

C.  F.  Jones,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 2.00 

Henry  Lefebure,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 10.00 

Geo.  M.  McCray,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 2.00 

J.  N.  B.  Miller,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 2.00 

Jas.  Pedley,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 2.00 

J.  S.  Risley,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 2.00 

J.  R.  Rittenhouse,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912. . .  2.00 

W.  W.  Seeley,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 14.00 

Wild  Rose  Farm,  refund  hor.=-e  stall  rent,  1912 6.00 

F.  R.  Wilson,  refund  horse  stall  rent,  1912 1.00 

0.  W.  Roush,  advertising  Ringgold  county 12.00 

Gus  Strohmeier,  advertising  Sac  county 15.00 

Bess  Williams,  extra  clerk,  14  days  October 35.00 

Potts  Brothers,  miscellaneous  cement  work 283.03 

O.  A.  Olson,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive  com- 
mittee meeting  27.50 

T.  C.  Legoe,  per  diem  and  mileage,  auditing  com- 
mittee meeting 20.50 

C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 

committee  meeting 26.00 

Pray  &  Comerford,  17  shower  heads  and  connec- 
tions    24.35 

O.  O.  Smith,  architect  fees,  horse  bam 175.50 

Liebbe,    Nourse    &    Rasmussen,    architect    fees, 

horse  barn  126.47 

Adams  Express  Co.,  express  bills.  May,  July  and 

August  37.13 

American  Express  Co.,  express  bills.  May  to  Sep- 
tember     77.55 

Buck  Bros.,  picture  wire   .25 

Bishard   Bros.,   printing    83.50 

Beckman  Bros.,  pipe  and  fittings 98.49 

Bureau  of  Advertising,  multigraph  letters 4.75 

Champagne  Laundry  Co.,  towel  service  (grounds) 

1912 30.00 

Chase  &  West,  1  screen  administration  building  2.95 

Edward  Cutler,  pipe  and  cutoff .90 


438  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

10-21  9963  Cressey  &  Wingate,  60  yds.  bunting  for  decora- 
tions     3.60 

10-21       9964     G.  W.  Deitz,  lime  and  cement  (grounds) 77.60 

10-21       9965     D'es  Moines  Tent  &  Awning  Co.,  rent,  tents,  cots, 

etc.,  1912  fair 30'2.25 

10-21       9966     J.  H.  Deemer,  expense  attending  Minnesota  state 

fair   19.70 

10-21       9967     Des  Moines  Coal  &  Coke  Co.,  3  tons  coal,  dining 

hall  24.00 

10-21       9968     Downing    Electric    Co.,    electrical    supplies,    light 

system    662.73 

10-21  9969  Des  Moines  Rubber  Stamp  Works,  brands,  sten- 
cils and  stamps    5.65 

10-21  8970  Denniston  &  Partridge  Co.,  distribution  case,  ex- 
position building   25.76 

10-21       9971     Capital    City    Printing    Plate    Co.,     510    electros, 

country  advertising  52.50 

10-21       9972     A.  R.  Corning,  miscellaneous  supplies    (grounds)  16.59 

10-21       9973     Chamberlain  Hotel,  hotel  bill  N.  B.  Wood,  cattle 

judge    10.00 

10'-21       9974     Jno.  T.  Christie  &  Co.,  insurance  premiums 60.00 

10-21  9975  Des  Moines  Bridge  &  Iron  Works,  balance  struc- 
tural iron  work,  street  car  entrance 842.46 

10-21       9976     Des   Moines   Electric   Co.,    new   switchboard    and 

light  system  supplies   597.70 

10-21  9977  Des  Moines  Water  Co.,  water  bills.  May  to  Septem- 
ber inclusive   437.81 

10-21       9978     Des  Moines  Seed  Co.,  supplies  poultry  department  1.00 

10-21       9979     Des  Moines  Daily  Capital,  subscription,  8-1-11,  10- 

1-12   3.50 

10-21  9980  L.  E.  Frederick,  correction  on  time,  police  depart- 
ment    2.50 

10-21       9981     J.  E.  Graff,  drugs,  rest  cottage 4.80 

10-21       9982     Glenwood  Coal  Co.,  23,900  lbs.  coal,  dining  hall..  44.82 

10-21       9983     Globe  Machinery  &  Supply  Co.,  pipe  repairs 2.74 

10-21       9984     Green    Foundry    &    Furnace    Works,    meter    and 

sewer  rings   20'.00 

10-21       9985     Goodwin    Tile    &   Brick    Co.,    cement    blocks,    tile 

and  bnck   77.82 

10-21       9986     Homestead  Printing  Co.,  balance  on  job  printing 

1912    238.55 

10-21       9987     A.  O.  Harpel,  photos,  grounds 5.50 

10-21       9988     Robt.    F.   Hildebrand,    198   photos,   2   prints,    i912 

fair    197.00 

10-21       9989     Iowa  Press  Clipping  Bureau,  clipping  service,  3- 

11-12  to  10-11-12    ; 28.00 

10-21  9990  International  Harvester  Co.,  miscellaneous  ma- 
chine repairs  7.29 

10'-21       9991     Iowa  Seed  Co.,  millet  and  grass  seed 37.05 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


439 


10-21 

9992 

10-31 

9993 

10-21 

9994 

10-21 

9995 

10-21 

9996 

10-21 

9997 

10-21 

9998 

10-21 

9999 

10-21 

10000 

10'-21 

10001 

10-21 

10002 

10-21 

10003 

10-21 

10004 

10-21 

10005 

10-21 

10006 

10-21 

10007 

10-21 

10008 

10-21     10009 


10-21 
10-21 


10-21 
10-21 

10-21 
10-21 
10-21 


10-21 
10-21 
10-21 


10010 
10011 


10-21     10012 


10013 
10014 

10015 
10016 
10017 


10-21     10018 


10019 
10020 
10021 


10-21  10022 


10-21 
10-21 
10-22 


10O23 
10024 
10025 


Inland  Prtg.  &  Dist.  Co.,  printing 4.45 

Iowa  Litho.  Co.,  miscellaneous  printing   97.98 

S.    Joseph   &    Sons,   engraving   cups   and   medals 

1912  fair    12.76 

Chas.  Koeningsberger  &  Son,  harness  repairs,  etc.  18.65 

Geo.  L.  Longshore,  skids,  rollers  and  sawdust...  40.86 

Langan  Bros.,  office  and  ground  supplies 300.09 

Merchants'    Transfer    Co.,    freight    and    transfer 

charges    107.32 

Geo.  A.  Miller  Prtg.  Co.,  printing .50 

McDonnell   Boiler   &  Iron   Works,   boiler   repairs, 

dining  hall 148.46 

Merchants  Laundry,  laundry  bills   1-05 

Mathews  Carriage  &  Auto  Co.,  machinery  repairs  82.73 

Joe  Moyer,  storage  hog  crates,  1912 10.00 

McNamara-Kenworthy   Co.,   office   supplies 55.41 

O'Dea  Hardware  Co.,  balance  hardware  bill  1912  10'7.39 

Postal  Telegraph  Co.,  messages  May  and  August  1.89 

Purcell   Printing   Co.,   printing  premium   lists...  1,217.00 
Red  Line  Transfer  Co.,  taking  down  smoke  stack, 

fair   grounds    25.00' 

S toner  Wall  Paper  Co.,  papering  Crawford  house. 

additional  land   4.11 

Sibley  Gazette,  advertising  1912  fair 3.75 

Standard  Glass  &  Paint  Co.,  glass,  brushes  and 

paint 1,057.35 

B.  F.  Swanson  Co.,  rotary  mimeograph  and  sup- 
plies    61.15 

Star  Engraving  &  Prtg.  Co.,  500  4-page  folders 3.75 

Shannon  &  Mott,  final  payment  feed  bill,  forage 

department 196.33 

U.  S.  Express  Co.,  express  bills  April  to  August. .  59.73 

Wells  Fargo  Co.,  express  bills  April  to  August 77.91 

Western  Union  Telegraph   Co.,  messages  May  to 

September 89.90 

Western  Newspaper  Union,  paper  exposition  build- 
ing, tables 12.80 

A.  H.  Walker  &  Co.,  8  sanitary  drinking  fountains  48.00 

Ben  Woo^gar,  shoeing  mules  12.00 

Willcox,  Howell,  Hopkins  Co.,  insurance  and  ticket 

sellers  bonds,  premiums 432.63 

Younker  Bros.,  dishes  and  cooking  utensils,  dining 

hall  54.47 

Davidson  Bros.,  chairs,  furniture,  etc 169.67 

Matilda  Winterrowd,  balance  rent  91/2  acre  tract. .  35.50 

Stella  Henderson,  balance  rent  10  acre  tract 40.00 


440 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


3  0-22     10026     A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  25,  (grounds) : 
October  7-19,  inclusive. 

Ed   McKowan,    labor   on   grounds,    21^4 

days,  at  $2.00 $  6.50 

H.    P.    Stouffer,    labor    on    grounds,    7 
days,  at  $3.00  21.00 

I.  B.  Brown,  grading  and  hauling  ma- 
nure, 8  days,  at  $4.00 32.00 

I.  B.  Brown,  grading  and  hauling  ma- 
nure, 8  days,  at  $4.00 32.00 

A.  W.  Weihn,  grading,  12  days,  at  $2.00  24.00 

John  Olson,  grading  and  miscellaneous 

work  on  grounds,  2  days,  at  $2.00 4.00 

Chas.    Brennan,    grading    and    hauling 

manure,  6  days,  at  $2.00 12.00 

S.  T.  Wilson,  grading,  9-10  days,  at  $2.00  1.80 

I.  J.  Whitmer,  labor  on  grounds,  10 ^^ 
days,  at  $2.00 21.00 

Geo.  Whitney,  foreman,  8  days,  at  $2.25  18.00 

H.  Grandgeorge,  grading  and  drainage, 

8  days,  at  $2.50 20.00 

Theo.   Broerman,  painting,   8   days,   at 
$1.75   14.00 

E.  A.  Snow,  painting,  7  days,  at  $3.00. .  21.00 
M.   Burnett,   horse  barn  and  work  on 

grounds,  12  days,  at  $2.00 24.00 

T.  W.  Davis,  work  on  horse  barn,  1  day, 
at  $2.50  2.50 

10-24  10027  Wm.  Shivers,  straw,  forage  department  (14  tons, 
1,355  pounds)    

10028  W.  Q.  Stewart,  advertising  Calhoun  county 

10029  Western    Poultry    Journal,    advertising    contract 

1912    

10-24     10030     Chicago  Live  Stock  World,  advertising  contract 

1912    

The  Breeders  Gazette,  advertising  contract  1912 . . 
R.  S.  Johnston,  per  diem  and  mileage  auditing 

committee    and    expense    attending    Minnesota 

State  Fair   

F.  G.  Haworth,  advertising  Tama  county 

H.  D.  Rhine,  advertising  Mahaska  county 

A.  Palmer,  superintendent,  return  freight  school 

exhibit    

J.  O.  Mitchell,  cartage,  school  exhibits 

Bastian  Bros.,  premium  ribbons  and  badges  1912 

fair    

10-26  10038  Register  &  Leader  Co.,  advertising  for  bids  horse 
barn,  house  sale,  and  machinery  hall,  and  agri- 
cultural building  floors  


10-24 
10-24 


10-24 

10031 

10-24 

10032 

10-24 

10033 

10-24 

10034 

10-25 

10035 

10-25 

10036 

10-25 

10037 

253.80 

73.39 
10.00 

15.00 

28.00 
196.00 


51.85 
15.00 
15.00 

6.20 
2.00 

689.93 


46.47 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


441 


10-26 

10039 

10-26 

10040 

10-28 

10041 

10-28 

10042 

10-28 

10043 

10-28 

10044 

10-28 

10045 

10-28 

10046 

10-28 

10047 

10-28 

10048 

10-28 

10049 

10-28 

10050 

10-31 

10051 

10-31 

10052 

10-31 

10053 

10-31 

10054 

10-31 

10055 

10-31 

10056 

10-31 

10057 

10-31 

10058 

10-31 

10059 

10-31 

10060 

10-31     10061 


11-  7     10062 


Register  &  Leader  Co.,  miscellaneous  printing. . .  270.50 

Register  &  Leader  Co.,  miscellaneous  engraving.  100.18 

Chas.  Rhinehart,  correction  pay  rolls,  1911-1912..  13.50 

W.  C.  Treloar,  advertising  Boone  county 15.00 

Joe  McCoy,  advertising  Warren  county 10.00 

A,  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  forage,  poultry  and  administra- 
tion department    111.65 

Iowa  State  College,  2d  payment  one-half  expense 

college  exhibit    286.83 

E.  M.  Wentworth,   Supt.,  correction  pay  roll,  po- 
lice department   '. .  31.00 

Backman     Sheet     Metal     Works,     metal     work 

(grounds)    578.26 

Sieck  Tent  &  Awning  Co.,  rent  tents,  cots,  etc., 

1912    561.29 

Iowa  Pipe  &  Tile  Co.,  pipe  and  tile 367.32 

Iowa   Telephone    Co.,    exchange    service   and   toll 

bills,   March  to   October    66.15 

C.  A.  Nash,  salary  October,  1912 125.00 

J.  H.  Deemer.  salary  October,  1912 100.00 

Edith  K.  Smith,  additional  salary  October,  1912. . .  10.00 

Minnie  Anderson,  extra  clerk  October,  1912 65.00 

Janette  Murphy,  expense  dog  show   14.50 

L.  C.  Perkins,  expense  dog  show,  superintendent.  87.81 

O'Donnell   Prtg.    Co.,   printing   premium   list   dog 

show    251.50 

Field  &  Fancy,  advertising  dog  show 8.00 

Delavan  Lake  Kennel  Club,  advertising  dog  show  10.00 

Des  Moines  Duplicating  Co.,   expense  dog  show, 

multigraph    letters    5.80 

Ben  J.  Ness,  sheriff,  deposit  on  additional  land. 

Brown  property  condemned  500.04 

A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No.  26  (grounds): 

October  20-November  2,  inclusive. 
H.  P.  Stouffer,  labor  on  grounds,  1  day 

at   $3.00    $  3.00 

M.  Burnett,  labor  on  grounds,  2  days, 

at  $3.00   6.00 

Henry  Grandgeorge,  labor  on  grounds, 

10  days,  3  hours,  at  $2.50 25.75 

I.    J.    Whitmer,   labor   on   grounds,    12 

daysi,  at  $2.00   24.00 

Chas.    Brennan,    labor    on    grounds,    6 

days,  at  $2.00   12.00 

Geo.  Whitney,  foreman,  11  days,  at  $2.25  24.75 

E.    A.    Snow,    labor    on    grounds    and 

painting,  31/0  days,  at  $3.00 10.50 

Theo.   Broerman,   painting,   3   days,   at 

$1.75 5.25 


442 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


11-  7 

10063 

11-13 

10064 

11-14 

10085 

11-14 

10066 

11-14     10067 


11-14 

10068 

11-14 

10069 

11-15 

10070 

11-15 

10071 

11-15 

10072 

11-15 

10073 

11-15 

10074 

11-15     10075 


11-15 
11-15 
11-18 


10076 
10077 
10078 


John  Olson,  labor  on  grounds,  5  days, 

at  $2.00   10.00 

A.    W.    Weihn,    labor    on    grounds,    12 

days,  at  $2.00   24.00 

I.  B.  Brown,  labor  on  grounds,  9  days, 

at  $4.00    36.00 

Rudolph  Illgan,  labor  on  grounds,  9i/l» 

days,  at  $2.00    19.00 

Caleb    Johns,    labor    on    streets,     8 14 

days,    at   $4.00    34.00 


H.  B.  Baker,  advertising  Wapello  county 

C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 

committee   meeting   and   expense  Chicago   rate 

hearing   

W.  S.  Corsa,  refund  special  premiums  for  1912.. 
McLaughlin   Bros.,   refund   special  premiums  for 

1912    

H.  G.  McMillan  &  Son,  refund  special  premiums 

for  1912   

Henry  Lefebure,  refund  special  premiums  for  1912 
American  Assn.  Fairs  and  Exposition,  dues  1912.  . 

Iowa  Stone  Co.,  2  doors  new  horse  barns 

Des  Moines  Water  Co.,  water  bill  October,  1912.. 

Fairbanks-Morse  Co.,  repairing  scales 

McCray  Sign  Shop,  miscellaneous  signs 

Inter-State  Realty  Co.,  commission  for  purchasing 

additional    land    

Inter-State  Realty  Co.,  balance  on  additional  land 

and  expense  

J.  H.  Queal  &  Co.,  2d  payment  lumber  bill,  1912.  . . 

G.  S.  Gilbertson,  treasurer's  salary,  1912 

A.  R.  Corey,  Secy.,  pay  roll  No,  27  (grounds) : 

November  4-16,  inclusive. 
H.  P.  Stouffer,  grounds,  2  days,  at  $3.0'0  $6.00 

E.  A.  Snow,  grounds,  2  days,  at  $3.00..  6.00 

H.  Grandgeorge,  walks  and  grounds,  2 

days,  at  $3.50 5.00 

I.   J.   Whitmer,   walks   and   grounds,   2 

days,  at  $2.00   4.00 

A.    W.    Wiehn,    hauling    manure    and 

work  on  grounds,  12  days,  at  $2.00..  24.00 

Rudolph    Illgan,    labor    on    grounds,    4 

days,  at  S2.00  8.00 

Geo.  Whitney,  foreman,  4  days,  at  $2.25  9.00 


11-19     10079     Walker  News,  advertising  1912  fair 

11-19     10080     Iowa  Telephone  Co.,  toll  bills,  Ames  station 

11-23     10081     C.  E.  Cameron,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive 
committee  meeting  


234.25 
12.00 


49.58 
65.00 

100.00 

70.00 

30.00 

25.00 

195.40 

5.06 

5.25 

101.50 

932.60 

160.35 
632.87 
100.00 


62.00 

1.44 

.25 

26.00 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII 


443 


11-26 

10082 

11-26 

10083 

11-26 

10084 

11-26 

10085 

11-27 

10086 

11-29 

10087 

11-29 

10088 

11-29 

10089 

11-29 

10090 

11-29 

10091 

J.  E.  Lovejoy,  payment  on  new  horse  barn 1,500.00 

A.  R.  Corey,  expense  attending  Chicago  rate  hear- 
ing    24.75 

A.  R,  Corej^  expense  recording  deeds  2.35 

O.  A.  Olson,  per  diem  and  mileage,  executive  com- 
mittee meeting 27.50 

J.  E.  Lovejoy,  payment  on  new  horse  barns 500.00 

C.  A.  Nash,  salary  November,  1912  125.00 

J.  H.  Deemer,  salary  November,  1912  100.00 

Edith  K,  Smith,  additional  salary  November,  1912  10.00 

Minnie  Andersen,  salary  November,  1912   65.00 

C.  J.  Martin,  judge  Angus  cattle,  1912 50.00 

Total    $167,563.24 

Premiums   paid   by   premium   warrants  No.    9625 

to  No.  10606  inclusive 58,139.15 

Grand  total  disbursements  $225,702.39 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  445 


BOYS'  CAMP. 

Mr.  Hansen,  Superintendent  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  Boys'  Camp, 
then  read  his  report  as  follows: 
To  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture: 

Your  boys'  camp  superintendent  counted  it  a  great  privilege  to  have 
charge  of  your  first  state  fair  boys'  camp.  While  there  are  many  other 
important  features  of  the  state  fair  I  doubt  if  there  is  any  feature  so 
fundamentally  important  as  that  of  being  helpful  to  the  young  people 
of  the  state.  They  are  the  ones  upon  whom  the  future  success  of  this 
great  commonwealth  must  depend,  and  furthermore,  not  only  will  eco- 
nomic success  depend  upon  them  but  the  future  happiness  of  the  homes 
of  this  state  will  depend  upon  the  kind  of  boys  we  are  raising  now.  I 
consider  the  idea  of  a  camp  at  the  state  fair  an  excellent  one. 

It  was  planned  by  your  committee  to  have  one  boy  from  each  county  in 
the  state,  this  boy  to  be  chosen  by  an  essay  writing  contest  in  that  county 
and  these  essays  to  be  judged  by  a  committee  made  up  of  the  county 
superintendent  of  schools,  the  secretary  of  the  fair  and  the  secretary  of 
the  farmers'  institute.  In  most  cases  this  local  committee  took  an  inter- 
est in  the  proposition  but  quite  a  number  made  no  move  to  have  their 
county  represented.  We  must  consider,  of  course,  that  this  was  the  first 
year  and  we  had  a  reputation  to  establish  in  so  far  as  the  camp  was 
concerned.  Nevertheless  eighty-four  of  the  ninety-nine  counties  sent  rep- 
resentatives leaving  but  fifteen  without  representatives.  With  but  one  or 
two  exceptions  the  boys  were  of  the  very  highest  grade  and  after  much 
boys'  camp  experience  I  am  willing  to  say  that  it  was  the  finest  group 
of  boys  I  have  ever  seen  together  for  a  camp.  I  do  not  think  that  the 
plan  your  committee  had  in  securing  representation  was  at  fault  for 
not  securing  a  representative  from  each  county  in  the  state  but  that  it 
was  a  local  lack  of  interest.  I  doubt  if  there  will  be  any  trouble  next 
year  in  securing  the  full  number  of  boys  and  I  also  judge  that  competition 
will  be  much  keener  in  all  the  counties. 

We  were  assisted  in  the  management  of  the  camp  by  a  competent  group 
of  adult  leaders,  which  is  an  essential  thing  in  the  management  of  any 
boys'  camp.  Three  of  the  county  Y.  M.  C.  A.  secretaries  of  the  state, 
namely,  C.  E.  Atkinson  of  Rockwell  City,  J.  T.  Smith  of  Sac  City,  and 
J.  H.  Abernathy  of  Jefferson,  were  present.  Ralph  Fletcher,  an  older 
high  school  boy  of  Mason  City,  came  as  the  official  camp  bugler  and  also 
to  help  in  camp  leadership,  Messrs.  Dunlop,  Cave,  and  Taff  of  Ames 
helped  for  part  time.  These  men  worked  faithfully  to  promote  good 
fellowship  and  to  see  that  the  boys  got  the  most  out  of  it  and  last  but 
not  least  that  the  boys  did  the  work  of  ushering,  ticket  taking,  etc.,  in 
good  shape.  I  doubt  if  there  were  many  men  on  the  fair  grounds  who 
worked  harder  during  these  days  than  the  men  who  broke  in  a  green 
set  of  country  boys  to  handle  the  immense  crowd  in  the  grand  stand  and 


446  lOAVA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

in  the  stock  pavilion.    It  was  indeed  no  small  task  but  it  was  certainly  an 
education  for  the  boys. 

The  schedule  for  the  day  was  somewhat  as  follows: 
5:00  A.   M.     Rising  bugle. 

5:15-7:15         Helping  in  the  morning  round-up. 
7:15  Breakfast. 

7:45  Assembly  followed  by  a  talk  either  on  things  relating  to 

agriculture    or    things    relating    to    character    making, 
integrity,  etc. 
8:45  Inspection  of  exhibits,  class  in  rope  tying  and  other  edu- 

cational features. 
10:00-11:00       Leisure. 
11:00  Dinner. 

12:00  One   division   reported   at   the   grand   stand   to   usher  for 

the  afternoon  and  the  other  division  was  free  for  edu- 
cational trips  and  to  go  about  the  grounds. 
5:00   P.   M.     Supper. 

6:00  One-half  of  the  boys  reported  at  the  grand  stand  for  usher- 

ing again  and  the  other  half  at  the  stock  pavilion  for 
ushering. 

10:30-11:00       To  bed. 

You  w'ill  note  that  there  was  not  much  time  for  play  when  this  schedule 
was  carried  out,  which  it  w^as  practically  every  day  we  w^ere  there. 

I  feel  quite  sure  that  the  fair  board  was  repaid  many  times  over  as 
far  as  expense  is  concerned  because  of  the  work  which  the  boys  did.  The 
main  part  of  the  w'ork  was,  of  course,  the  ushering  in  the  grand  stand 
and  stock  pavilion  and  helping  in  the  morning  round-up.  I  do  not  know 
what  your  ushering  has  been  in  the  past  but  I  heard  expressions  like 
these:  "The  most  courteous  ushers  we  have  ever  seen  at  the  state  fair," 
"The  best  ushers  we  have  ever  seen  at  the  state  fair."  There  w^ere  other 
things  which  the  boys  did  beside  those  here  mentioned  which  included 
the  following:  Guiding  people  about  the  grounds,  giving  information, 
helping  get  things  in  shape  at  the  baby  show,  running  errands,  and 
leading  stock  in  the  stock  parade.  They  w^ere  indeed  a  very  v>^i!ling 
group  of  boys  when  it  came  to  work.  On  the  first  day  they  were  there  I 
sent  them  out  to  become  acquainted  with  the  grounds  and  to  report 
back  to  me  what  they  had  seen.  They  were  therefore  familiar  with  the 
grounds  from  the  start.  I  consider  the  work  that  they  did  valuable  not 
only  to  the  fair  board  but  of  value  to  the  boys  themselves.  It  w^as  edu- 
cational for  boys  to  help  handle  such  crowds  as  came  to  the  grand  stand 
on  the  big  days  of  the  fair. 

With  the  strenuous  schedule  which  w^e  had  it  was  not  possible  to  put 
in  quite  as  much  time  on  educational  features  as  I  had  hoped.  Y\^ith  the 
help,  however,  of  men  from  the  Ames  extension  department  w^e  sent  out 
almost  daily  groups  to  inspect  the  exhibits  under  their  supervision.  We 
held  rope  class  in  camp  several  days.  We  had  such  speakers  as  "Uncle" 
Asa  Turner,  Mrs.  B.  F.  Carroll,  State  Secretaries  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Paulson 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR   BOOK— PART  VII  447 

and  Aldrich,  Messrs.  Olson,  Cameron,  Reeves,  Corey,  and  Curtiss  of  your 
board  as  speakers.  We  also  laid  emphasis  upon  the  boys  entering  the 
judging  contest  and  more  than  forty  of  them  did,  two  of  these  boys  win- 
ning scholarships  in  the  contest.  I  have  read  some  of  the  essays  which 
were  sent  in  and  I  think  the  men  who  have  read  them  will  agree  with 
me  that  the  boys  who  wrote  essays  at  least  knew  pretty  well  what  was 
at  the  state  fair.  We  placed  emphasis  continuariy  on  spending  what 
spare  time  they  had  on  inspecting  exhibits  and  this  I  think  the  boys 
did  in  good  shape  whether  they  were  under  the  guidance  of  instructors 
or  not. 

The  fellowship,  good  time  and  friendship  which  a  camp  like  this  can 
promote  is  not  an  unimportant  part  of  such  ventures.  We  tried  through 
a  daily  camp  newspaper,  through  games,  and  through  emphasis  upon 
getting  acquainted  with  each  other  to  make  these  features  a  part  of  the 
camp.  I  think  that  judging  by  what  the  boys  said  when  they  went  home 
and  from  many  letters  which  I  have  received  since  that  they  not  only 
learned  a  lot  of  things  but  that  the  friendship  and  fellowship  and  the 
good  time  which  they  had  will  forever  be  a  part  of  their  lives.  There 
was  much  talk  among  the  boys  of  having  an  annual  camp  reunion  at 
the  fair  and  if  we  could  start  something  like  this  the  future  attendance 
at  the  state  fair  ought  to  be  insured  for  they  would  bring  others  with  them 
each  year  and  there  would  be  an  increasing  number  of  boys  who  had 
been  to  the  state  fair  if  you  make  this  a  permanent  institution. 

I  forgot  to  mention  that  we  took  several  educational  trips  to  the  city 
under  the  guidance  of  leaders.  All  the  boys  had  an  opportunity  to  see 
the  business  part  of  town  and  to  inspect  the  new  Y.  M.  C.  A  building 
and  all  of  them  had  the  pleasure  of  going  swimming  in  the  splendid 
swimming  pool  of  that  building.  Trips  were  also  made  to  the  capitol 
and  other  places  of  interest. 

I  have  attached  to  this  report  a  list  of  the  names  of  the  boys  who  at- 
tended the  first  camp  with  their  addresses  and  the  names  of  the  county 
which  they  represented.  I  think  that  your  first  camp  could  be  called  a 
success.  It  was  educational;  it  promoted  fellowship  and  friendship 
among  a  splendid  group  of  Iowa  boys.  I  doubt  not  but  that  the  char- 
acters of  quite  a  number  of  the  boys  were  influenced  toward  integrity 
and  higher  ideals.     You  ought  to  make  it  an  annual  affair. 

Iowa  State  Fair  Camp  Delegates,  August,  1912: 

Floyd  E.  Hudson,  Knoxville,  Marion  county;  Mort  Brooks,  Forest  City, 
Winnebago  county;  Asker  T.  Bergo,  Northwood,  Worth  county;  Cleon 
B.  Siverly,  Diagonal,  Ringgold  county;  John  W.  Hazlitt,  Tripoli,  Bremer 
county;  Erwin  Larson,  Forest  City,  Hancock  county;  John  Cody,  Cylinder, 
Palo  Alto  county;  Ed.  Knotek,  Washington,  Washington  county;  Wm.  H. 
Ashby,  Lucas,  Lucas  county;  Rudolph  Evans,  Decorah,  Winneshiek  county; 
Forest  H.  Ford,  Tipton,  Cedar  county;  Wayne  Kaugman,  Whitten,  Grundy 
county;  Ralph  Woodard,  Webster  City,  Webster  county;  Wm.  L.  Logan, 
Hillsboro,  Lee  county;  Howard  McCormick,  Sumner,  Fayette  county; 
Ralph  Winsler,  Moravia,  Appanoose  county;  Guy  Peterson,  Cherokee, 
Cherokee  county;  Robert  Spargus,  Council  Bluffs,  Mills  county;  Donald 
F.  Willcox,  Melvin,  Osceola  county;  Daniel  Holcomb,-  D'oud,  Van  Buren 
county;  Ralph  A.  Fritz,  Atlantic,  Cass  county;   Boyd  E.  Metier,  Weldon, 


448  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Decatur  county;  Raymond  Teachout,  Shenandoah,  Fremont  county;  Wil- 
ber  Finn,  Shenandoah,  Page  county;  Harlan  Link,  Waukon,  Allamakee 
county;  Santford  Bryson,  Mason  City,  Cerro  Gordo  county;  Herluf  Han- 
sen, Elk  Horn,  Audubon  county;  Isaac  C.  Henderson,  Paulline,  O'Brien 
county;  Orlo  Drennan,  Corning,  Adams  county;  Claude  Burns,  Minburn, 
Dallas  county;  Lowell  Johnson,  CreJco,  Howard  county;  William  Walsh, 
Zwingle,  Dubuque  county;  Leo  Walker,  Corydon,  Wayne  county;  Fred 
Tennyson,  Dudley,  Wapello  county;  W^illiam  Anderson,  St.  Charles,  Madi- 
son county;  Dolph  Lain,  Bloomfield,  Davis  county;  Loren  E.  McClure,  St. 
Charles,  Warren  county;  Llewellyn  Smith,  Keystone,  Benton  county;  John 
Hendrick,  Osceola,  Clark  county;  Earle  Heaton,  Elberon,  Tama  county; 
Ernest  Cherry,  Walker,  Linn  county;  Howard  Mawdsley,  Burt,  Kossuth 
county;  Francis  Mohler,  Bedford,  Taylor  county;  Eugene  Colony,  North 
Liberty,  Johnson  county;  Gale  McClean,  Wilton  Junction,  Muscatine  coun- 
ty; John  L.  Chew,  Adair,  Adair  county;  Lloyd  Riley,  Norway,  Iowa  coun- 
ty; Merrill  Drury,  Early,  Sac  county;  Irving  Moe,  Montgomery,  Dickin- 
son county;  Donald  Ginger,  Langdon,  Clay  county;  Albert  Hansen,  Alta, 
Buena  Vista  county;  Lewis  Smith,  Dunlap,  Harrison  county;  Homer  Pat- 
tison,  Le  Mars,  Plymouth  county;  Harry  H.  Rensink,  Boyden,  Sioux 
county;  Dale  Dunlap,  Sigourney,  Keokuk  county;  Dean  Finch,  Ida  Grove, 
Ida  county;  Chester  Richards,  Gruver,  Emmet  county;  Clyde  Naylor, 
Stratford,  Hamilton  county;  Hayes  W.  Parsons,  Fairfield,  Jefferson  coun- 
ty; Ralph  Harper,  Nevada,  Story  county;  William  H.  Stacy,  Osage, 
Mitchell  county;  Lester  Day,  Waterloo,  Black  Hawk  county;  Earl  Win- 
slow,  Marshalltown,  Marshall  county;  Ellis  D.  Willis,  Steamboat  Rock, 
Hardin  county;  Thorwald  Sahl,  Harlan,  Shelby  county;  Hugh  Williams, 
Danville,  D'es  Moines  county;  Harry  Welsch,  Elliott,  Montgomery  county; 
George  Wall,  Burdette,  Franklin  county;  Clifford  Mason,  Melrose,  Monroe 
county;  Ray  Menzel,  Hazelton,  Buchanan  county;  Meron  Axtell,  Straw- 
berry Point,  Clayton  county;  Leo  Ahart,  Dow  City,  Crawford  county; 
demons  Ullrich,  Mapleton,  Monona  county;  Otis  Dickey,  Redfield,  Guthrie 
county;  Emslie  Hutcheon,  Jefferson,  Greene  county;  Arthur  Oppedahl, 
Goldfield,  Humboldt  county;  Earl  Benton,  Rockwell  City,  Calhoun  county; 
Ivan  Akers',  Laurel,  Jasper  county;  Eugene  E.  Hayenga,  George,  Lyon 
county;  Ralph  Perkins,  Rose /Hill,  Mahaska  county;  Henry  F.  Mammen, 
McClelland,  Pottawattamie  county;  Arthur  Marshall,  Battle  Creek,  Wood- 
bury county;  John  Day,  Afton,  Union  county;  Theo.  Abkes,  Austinville, 
Butler  county. 

Leaders  of  the  camp: 

Fred  M.  Hansen,  Des  Moines,  superintendent;  O.  E.  Atkinson,  Rock- 
well City;  J.  T.  Smith,  Sac  City;  J.  H.  Abernathy,  Jefferson;  Ralph 
Fletcher,  Mason  City. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  449 

The  president  then  introduced  Mrs.  Mary  T.  Watts,  Audubon, 
Iowa,  who  spoke  on  the  Babies'  Health  Contest. 

BABIES'  HEALTH  CONTEST. 

Report  and  ])enefits  of  Babies'  Ilealtli  Contest,  Iowa  State  Fair, 
by  Mary  T.  Watts,  Audubon,  Iowa,  Superintendent  of  contest. 

One  day,  several  years  ago,  I  attended  our  county  fair.  I  stood  at  the 
booth  of  which  I  was  superintendent  listening  to  the  talk  that  drifted  in 
snatches  of  prizes  won  on  pigs,  sheep  and  cattle — the  same  talk  I  had 
heard  at  every  fair  for  ten  years.  Suddenly  I  became  conscious  of  how 
often  I  had  heard  this  talk  of  the  wonderful  improvement  that  had  really 
been  made  in  the  condition  of  live  stock  in  that  length  of  time.  Just  at 
that  moment  a  woman  with  a  fretful  baby  in  her  arms  stopped  near  to 
me  to  rest.  A  child  of  about  three  years  clung  to  her  skirts  with  one 
hand  and  with  the  other  fed  herself  with  a  large  under  ripe  banana. 
Three  other  children,  brother  and  sisters,  clambered  about  in  imminent 
danger  of  broken  necks  and  tramped  toes.  One  might  label  the  picture 
I  thought,  "An  average  family  on  a  holiday."  As  I  looked  back  I  saw 
myself  and  my  brothers  and  sisters  forty  years  ago,  no  better — no  worse. 
Measles,  mumps  and  whooping  cough  would  be  a  part  of  these  children's 
lives  as  it  has  been  of  mine.  If  they  lived  through  these  necessary  evils, 
without  too  great  loss  of  vitality,  they  might  grow  to  manhood  and  woman- 
hood. Then  I  began  to  think  that  this  family  would  probably  mean  more 
families  of  the  same  kind — possibly  with  less  endurance.  A  friend  inter- 
rupted my  thoughts  to  invite  me  to  go  to  the  stock  barns  with  her  where 
the  premiums  had  just  been  awarded.  Blue  ribbons  and  red  ribbons 
showed  bravely  on  the  stalls.  Every  animal  in  the  clean,  well-ordered 
cattle  and  hog  pens  had  been  fed,  and  groomed  with  the  utmost  care.  A 
man  pointed  with  pride  to  a  pen  of  hogs,  and  told  us  that  they  had  been 
watched  almost  night  and  day;  that  the  water  they  drank  had  been  ana- 
lyzed, their  food  measured  and  weighed  and  only  the  kinds  given  them 
that  would  bring  results.  It  was  then  that  the  idea  of  the  babies'  health 
contest  for  our  near  state  fair  was  born.  If  scientific  care  and  common 
sense  had  done  this  for  animals  then  the  same  happy  combination  could 
do  wonders  for  the  human  animals,  was  the  summary  of  my  deduc- 
tions, and  thus  I  hit  upon  the  fundamental  principles  of  eugenics  and 
won  the  endorsement  and  co-operation  of  the  medical  men  and  women 
of  the  nation. 

We  lowans  have  long  judged  our  corn,  our  hogs  and  our  cattle  by 
scientific  standards  to  find  the  most  perfect  specimens  and  encouraged 
better  corn  growing  and  better  stock  raising — isn't  it  about  time  that  we 
gave  at  least  equal  attention  to  our  greatest  product,  our  babies? 

From  this  idea  came  the  first  babies'  health  contest,  which  was  held  at 
the  Iowa  state  fair,  August  28,  1911,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Iowa  con- 
gress of  mothers  and  the  extension  department  of  the  state  agricultural 
college. 

The  initial  contest  proved  so  successful  and  aroused  such  interest  in 
child  study  among  fathers  and  mothers,   that  the  management  of  the 
29 


450  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

fair  voted  unanimously  to  make  the  babies'  health  contest  a  regular 
department  of  the  Iowa  state  fair,  and  appropriated  $500  for  prizes  and 
equipment  for  the  contest  for  1912. 

Expert  assistance,  better  equipment  and  experience  gained  from  pre- 
vious efforts  made  the  second  state  fair  contest  an  even  greater  success 
than  the  first,  and  made  the  committee  in  charge  more  certain  of  the 
value  of  the  contest  idea  as  a  public  educator. 

Almost  every  day  since  the  first  contest  was  held,  letters  of  inquiry 
have  been  received  asking  information  concerning  plans  for  conducting 
similar  contests.  Many  "babies'  health"  contests  have  been  held  in  Iowa 
the  past  year  and  more  are  planned  for  the  future.  Other  states  have 
been  attracted  by  its  possibilities  and  contests  have  been  made  a  lead- 
ing feature  of  their  state  fairs,  household  exhibits  and  chautauquas. 

In  this  new  kind  of  a  baby  show  pretty  dresses  and  blue  ribbons  do 
not  count,  for  they  are  piled  in  a  dainty  heap  on  a  chair  and  the  babe 
goes  before  his  physical  judges,  as  naked  as  the  day  he  was  born. 

Kicking  and  crowing  he  is  taken  from  his  mother's  arms,  and  laid 
gently  on  the  measuring  board.  While  one  of  the  physicians  presses 
firmly  on  his  knees  to  straighten  his  limbs,  another  adjusts  the  gauge 
that  gives  his  exact  height  in  fractions  of  an  inch.  Then  he  is  set  up, 
his  feet  are  braced  against  a  standard  and  he  is  encouraged  to  pull  with 
all  his  muscles  taut.  While  this  is  going  on  a  quick  eyed  judge  notes 
color  and  condition  of  skin,  and  another  gives  him  proper  credit  for  mus- 
cular development. 

A  few  moments  later  the  baby  finds  himself  deposited  in  the  pan  of 
a  pair  of  scales  and  as  he  feels  himself  dropping  into  space  as  the 
strong  hands  of  the  physician  release  him,  he  lets  out  a  lusty  yell  of 
surprise.  The  mother,  anxiously  watching  every  move,  jumps  from  her 
seat  in  alarm,  but  settles  back  contentedly  as  a  smile  goes  from  judge  to 
judge  and  word  is  passed  along  to  mark  his  honor  up  for  a  good  pair  of 
lungs. 

The  findings  of  the  judges  are  written  on  a  score  card,  similar  to  those 
used  in  judging  stock,  in  fact  Dr.  Margaret  Clark,  of  Waterloo,  Iowa, 
used  a  live  stock  scoring  card  as  a  model,  making  of  course,  necessary 
changes  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  human  body. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  facts  brought  out  by  the  initial  babies' 
health  contest  was  that  Charles  Elmer  O'Toole,  who  won  first  prize  at 
the  first  state  fair  contest,  scoring  96 14  points,  was  a  delicate  child  for  the 
first  six  months  of  his  life. 

Careful  diet,  fresh  air  and  regular  hours  for  sleep  and  exercise  had 
made  his  physique  at  three  years,  so  perfect,  that  the  examining  physi- 
cians could  find  no  flaws,  but  marked  down  a  little,  because  they  be- 
lieved there  could  scarcely  be  absolute  perfection  in  a  child.  Charles 
Elmer  O'Toole's  perfect  points  were:  Weight,  35  pounds,  height,  35  inches, 
chest,  35  inches,  head,  19 14  inches — cephalic  index. 

Babies  who  are  born  with  normal  health  and  bodies  have  a  great  ad- 
vantage in  life.  There  is  no  better  way  to  make  parents  think  than  to 
set  down  in  black  and  white  their  child's  defects. 

The  Convention  then  adjourned  until  1 :30  p.  m. 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  451 

The  President  :  The  first  address  this  afternoon  on  the  program 
affords  me  the  pleasure  of  presenting  for  the  first  time  to  this  body, 
Dr.  R.  A.  Pearson,  who  has  recently  been  elected  President  of  the 
Iowa  State  College. 

ADDRESS. 

DK.    R.    A.    TEARSON. 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen:  I  came  into  the  state  of  Iowa  with  the 
belief  that  any  man  is  fortunate  who  is  permitted  to  live  and  work  in 
this  state  and  I  am  still  holding  to  that  opinion.  I  have  discovered  in 
the  short  time  I  have  been  here  that  when  the  state  board  of  education 
invited  me  to  accept  the  position  of  president  of  the  Iowa  State  College  of 
Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts,  they  did  not  call  me  to  a  position  such  as 
is  generally  or  popularly  known  as  an  easy  job.  I  have  found  that  there 
is  a  great  deal  of  important  work  requiring  my  attention  at  Ames,  and 
I  have  resolved  that  for  some  time  to  come  I  shall  stay  as  close  to  that 
work  as  I  can  in  order  that  I  may  learn  the  institution,  and  after  that  I 
expect  to  learn  as  much  about  the  state  as  I  can. 

I  came  here  from  one  of  the  eastern  states  which  has  with  others  con- 
tributed a  great  deal  toward  the  growth  of  this  whole  middle  western 
country,  and   I  have  been  frequently  reminded  of  that  fact  by  meeting 
men  who  have  gone  out  of  their  way  to  tell  me  that  they  came  to  the 
state  of  Iowa  from  one  or  another  of  the  of  the  counties  of  New  York 
state,  and  frequently  have  asked  me  if  I  knew  where  they  used  to  live 
and  the  people  in  those  localities.     I  want  to  say  for  the  satisfaction  of 
those  persons,  and  for  others,  and  I  believe  that  will  include  all  who  are 
interested  in  the  welfare  of  the  eastern  states,  that  those  states  made  a 
notable  sacrifice  for  the  good  of  this  middle  western  country  many  years 
ago  which  has  never  been  fully  appreciated,  but  it  was  made  cheerfully 
and  ungrudgingly  by  the  eastern  states.     About  the  time  that  Iowa  and 
Illinois  and  other  states  in  this  neighborhood  were  being  first  settled, 
agriculture   in   the   east   was   comparatively    prosperous,    but   when    this 
wonderful  country  was  opened  up  to  settlement  with  its  great  stretches 
of  fertility  which  could  be  obtained,  most  of  it,  on  very  easy  terms,  many 
of  the  brightest  and  best  of  the  eastern  farmers  and  eastern  people  moved 
away  from  their  homes  and  came  here  to  establish  new  homes,  and  the 
result  was  there  was  less  interest  in  farming  in  the  east.     Farm  values 
went  down,  and  you  who  came  here  from  the  east  and  elsewhere  soon 
began  to  pile  up  enormous  crops  to  be  shipped  to  the  eastern  market,  and 
the  shipment  of  those  crops  required   large  railroad  facilities,   and  the 
eastern  farmers  were  called  upon  to  furnish  men  to  operate  them.    These 
different  conditions  served  to  decrease  the  demand  for  land  in  the  east, 
with  the  result  that  values  went  tumbling.     Literally  hundreds  of  mil- 
lions of  dollars  represented  the  decrease  in  farm  values  in  those  eastern 
states  in  only  a  few  years'  time.     I  do  not  believe  that  in  the  entire  his- 
tory of  our  country  there  has  been  a  larger  sacrifice  made  in  a  commer- 
cial way  on  the  part  of  one  section  of  the  country  for  the  benefit  of  an- 
other section  of  the  country  nor  one  more  cheerfully  made  than  that 


452  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

which  has  been  referred  to  and  I  know  the  people  in  the  west  will  be 
glad  to  hear  that  now  a  period  of  prosperity  seems  to  be  returning  to 
those  same  eastern  farms  For  example,  in  New  York  state  values  of  farm 
lands  in  the  last  decade  increased  thirty-five  per  cent,  which  is  a  very 
distinct  and  encouraging  increase,  not  like  the  increase  you  saw  in  this 
state  where  values  jumped  about  one  hundred  per  cent  in  the  same 
period. 

I  think  it  would  be  unwise  for  me  to  attempt  to  discuss  problems 
which  are  peculiar  to  the  state  of  Iowa  for  the  simple  reason  that  while 
I  am  using  every  way  I  can  to  learn  those  problems,  yet  I  am  not  far 
enough  advanced  in  my  lessons,  so  I  feel  free  to  discuss  them.  I  want 
to  say  a  few  words  about  two  phases  of  your  agriculture  which  are  more 
or  less  alike  in  all  states,  and  especially  prominent  in  the  state  I  have 
been  residing  in  in  recent  years. 

In  the  first  place,  let  me  bring  to  your  attention  the  change  of  at- 
titude of  the  public  at  large  toward  agricultural  education,  and  I  may 
say  that  in  Iowa  we  have  a  great  agricultural  college.  I  can  say  this 
with  all  modesty,  for  I  have  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  making  of  the 
agricultural  college.  We  have  a  college  which  is  well  manned,  which 
stands  high  not  only  in  this  state  but  carries  a  splendid  reputation 
throughout  other  states,  and  even  in  foreign  countries,  and  I  esteem  it 
a  very  high  honor  to  be  asked  to  become  connected  with  such  an  insti- 
tution as  the  one  at  Ames.  In  1862,  just  fifty  years  ago,  Senator  Morrill 
of  Vermont  introduced  and  secured  the  passage  in  congress  of  a  bill  to 
provide  education  in  all  the  states  along  the  lines  of  agriculture  and  me- 
chanic arts.  Senator  Morrill  was  taking  a  long  look  into  the  future. 
People  did  not  appreciate  that  education,  especially  education  of  college 
grade,  was  even  desirable  in  connection  with  either  agriculture  or  me- 
chanic arts.  Senator  Morrill  was  considering  the  great  increase  of  popu- 
lation which  he  felt  sure  this  country  would  see.  He  doubtless  had 
taken  occasion  to  familiarize  himself  with  conditions  in  European  coun- 
tries where  problems  that  we  would  have  to  meet  had  been  already  met 
and  to  a  large  extent  solved.  He  saw  that  both  agriculture  and  engineer- 
ing in  those  countries  were  being  promoted  in  a  very  necessary  and  vital 
way  through  the  aid  of  institutions  of  higher  learning,  and  so  in  1862, 
in  the  hour  of  great  agony  in  this  country's  history,  that  measure  was 
put  upon  the  statute  books  which  established  colleges  of  agriculture  and 
engineering  in  all  of  the  states. 

The  senator  believed  that  those  two  great  industries  have  an  import- 
ant bearing  one  upon  another,  that  each  one  to  a  large  extent  is  dependent 
upon  the  other,  and  the  tendencies  and  the  history  of  the  times  have 
proven  that  he  was  entirely  correct.  These  industries  and  these  kinds 
of  institutions  must  go  hand  in  hand  to  bring  about  the  very  best  re- 
sults. But  the  people  at  large  did  not  appreciate  the  need  of  instruc- 
tion in  agriculture  as  readily  as  that  in  engineering  and  years  went  by 
and  the  agricultural  colleges  were  not  attended  by  many  students.  In 
1892,  it  happened  that  I  came  in  personal  contact  with  this  line  of  work 
as  a  student  in  a  college  of  agriculture,  and  I  recall  in  that  time  there 
was  but  a  handful  of  students  studying  agriculture,  and  there  was  an 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL  YEAR   BOOK— PART  VII  453 

enormous  number  of  students  in  that  same  university  studying  mechanic 
arts  or  engineering.  Some  persons  who  got  their  information  in  those 
times  and  have  not  carefully  observed  the  progress  of  the  present  time, 
believe  the  attractions  in  engineering  are  now  so  great  that  young  men 
cannot  be  expected  to  stay  and  study  agriculture  where  engineering  is 
taught,  for  the  reason  that  the  engineering  would  attract  them  out  of 
agriculture.    This  is  a  mistaken  judgment. 

The  reason  why  engineering  courses  fifteen  or  twenty  years  ago  were 
attracting  the  students  that  they  did  attract,  was  simply  the  fact  that 
manufacturing  and  industrial  activities  in  this  country  were  exper- 
iencing an  unprecedented  growth,  and  there  was  a  great  demand  for 
trained  men  in  engineering.  Now,  twenty  years  later,  in  1912,  it  is 
found  in  these  same  institutions  that  there  is  a  great  demand  for  in- 
struction in  agriculture.  Students  are  coming  from  all  directions  and 
registering  in  the  course  in  agriculture,  and  many  of  the  larger  and  more 
prominent  of  the  institutions,  including  the  one  at  Ames,  have  more 
students  in  agriculture  than  they  have  in  engineering,  in  fact  nothing 
could  better  show  the  change  of  public  opinion  in  respect  to  education 
along  these  technical  lines,  nothing  could  better  prove  the  wisdom  of  Sen- 
ator Morrill  in  establishing  these  colleges,  than  the  situation  in  the 
present  day.  The  attitude  of  the  public  toward  agriculture  is  justified 
by  the  performance  of  the  men  who  are  going  out  from  the  institutions. 
I  recall  how  one  man's  attitude  toward  a  college  education  was  abruptly 
changed.  He  had  a  son  who  was  anxious  to  study  agriculture,  and  he 
discouraged  that  young  man  from  going  to  college,  but  the  young  man 
went  in  spite  of  his  father's  advice,  and  when  he  came  home  from  school 
for  vacation,  his  father  laughed  sarcastically  at  the  book  learning  in  the 
college  and  asked  if  he  thought  he  would  be  a  better  farmer.  Tbe  fact 
is  the  father  himself  had  had  a  college  education,  but  for  some  reason 
he  had  never  learned  to  appreciate  its  value.  Finally  this  young  man 
came  home  after  graduation,  brought  his  diploma  with  him,  and  as  a 
last  bit  of  sarcasm  his  father  said,  "Well,  you  are  back  from  college,  and 
you  have  graduated,  and  got  your  diploma,  have  you,  and  I  declare  you 
look  just  like  a  fool."  Just  then  a  neighbor  who  had  lived  near  by  all 
the  boy's  life  stepped  in.  He  was  glad  to  see  John  home,  and  to  wel- 
come John.  "Well,"  said  he,  "I  am  glad  to  see  you  again.  Well,  well, 
you  have  finished  your  college  course,  and  I  declare  you  look  just  like 
your  father  did  when  he  came  back  from  college."  (Laughter.)  Tbe 
father  at  once  took  a  different  view  towards  college  education. 

Let  me  tell  you  that  higher  education  in  agriculture  is  being  justified  by 
the  performance  of  the  men  who  are  fortunate  enough  to  have  this  edu- 
cation, just  as  clearly,  just  as  emphatically,  as  higher  education  is  being 
justified  along  any  line. 

I  recall  one  young  man  who  left  a  poor  farm  in  the  east — of  course  it 
could  not  be  in  Iowa  if  it  was  a  poor  farm — he  left  a  poor  farm  to  go 
to  college,  and  after  he  finished  his  work  he  returned  to  the  farm,  and  set 
about  to  see  how  best  he  could  apply  what  he  had  learned,  and  on  that 
farm  they  were  raising  oats  at  the  rate  of  about  forty-five  bushels  to  the 
acre.    It  was  the  best  they  were  ever  able  to  do,  and  he  applied  what  he 


454  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

had  learned  to  the  oat  crop.  He  set  to  work  to  improve  those  oats  by  im- 
proving the  seed,  and  in  a  few  years  lie  had  raised  the  average  yield  of 
forty-five  to  seventy-eight  bushels  on  the  same  land,  and  in  that  section 
that  young  man  justified  higher  education  in  agriculture. 

I  recall  another  who  went  back  to  his  farm  where  there  was  a  dairy 
herd  which  had  not  been  a  very  profitable  enterprise,  and  he  set  about 
improving  these  animals  by  better  breeding,  better  selection,  and  finding 
a  better  market  for  the  product,  and  the  result  was,  in  spite  of  the  ad- 
vice of  those  who  thought  they  knew  better  than  he,  that  he  succeeded 
not  only  in  doubling  but  trebling  the  milk  yield  of  these  cows.  And  so 
he  justified  what  he  learned  in  college. 

Then  only  a  few  days  ago  I  had  the  pleasure  of  meeting  another  who 
had  studied,  among  other  subjects  in  his  course,  agricultural  chemistry, 
and  he  went  into  a  section  where  there  was  a  great  expanse  of  waste 
land.  It  never  had  been  good  for  anything,  and  the  people  said  it  never 
would  be  good  for  anything.  But  with  his  skill  he  discovered  that  this 
waste  land  contained  an  excessively  large  amount  of  a  certain  constituent 
which  was  due  to  its  volcanic  origin  and  that  constituent,  manganese, 
had  thrown  the  soil  solution  out  of  balance,  and  the  question  was  how  it 
could  be  adjusted.  After  making  a  number  of  experiments  on  the  soil, 
he  found  that  by  adding  to  the  land  four  hundred  pounds  of  a  cer- 
tain combination  of  artificial  fertilizer  which  had  never  been  used  be- 
fore, he  was  able  to  make  the  land  just  as  productive  as  any  fertile  land 
in  that  section.  And  today  as  a  result  of  that  application  of  his  knowl- 
edge there  is  thrown  into  use  in  that  section  ten  thousand  acres  of  ad- 
ditional land,  and  so  he  in  his  district  has  justified  higher  education  in 
agriculture. 

At  this  time  the  entire  public  is  greatly  interested  in  developing  agri- 
cultural education.  We  hear  of  bankers'  associations,  commercial  bodies, 
railroads  and  others,  taking  up  the  question,  and  we  say,  of  course,  they 
are  interested  in  the  increasing  of  agricultural  crops  because  an  increase 
of  the  crops  means  an  increase  of  their  profits,  and  I  think  that  is  a 
creditable  interest,  but  I  believe  that  the  chief  interest  actuating  these 
men  is  the  increasing  cost  of  living,  and  the  fact  that  they  are  large  em- 
ployers of  labor,  and  they  wish  to  avoid  having  their  laborers  coming  to 
them  repeatedly  year  after  year  for  more  and  more  wages,  based  on  the 
ground  of  the  increasing  cost  of  living.  Who  would  have  thought  that 
the  public  would  come  to  that  point  of  view  a  few  years  ago,  yet  today 
they  believe  in  supporting  agricultural  education,  and  they  are  proving 
their  belief  by  their  acts  in  making  appropriations  for  its  support. 

I  believe  that  in  Iowa,  if  any  state,  the  people  who  live  on  the  farms, 
and  who  are  interested  in  farming,  are  familiar  with  the  different  activi- 
ties of  the  agricultural  college,  and  I  will  not  tire  you  by  reviewing 
them,  but  I  wish  to  refer  to  just  one  of  the  new  departures  which  I 
think  promises  great  things,  not  only  for  this  state  but  for  other  states, 
where  it  is  being  introduced.  I  refer  to  the  plan  of  having  in  different 
counties  experts  permanently  stationed  for  the  purpose  of  giving  advice 
upon  the  problems  in  those  counties.  In  co-operation  with  the  federal 
department  of  agriculture,  your  college  of  agriculture  at  Ames  will  soon 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  455 

be  engaged  in  that  kind  of  work  in  Iowa  to  a  large  extent.  Already 
a  number  of  counties  have  been  organized.  Dean  Curtiss  is  in  corre- 
spondence with  quite  a  number  of  others.  Heretofore  our  work  has  been 
largely  of  a  temporary  character,  so  far  as  work  in  ditferent  districts 
was  concerned.  Short  courses  and  institutes  have  been  held  at  different 
points  for  a  short  time  and  then  the  experts  passed  on  to  other  places. 
Now  the  plan  is  to  continue  these  efforts,  but  at  the  same  time  have  an 
expert  in  the  county  who  will  assist  in  the  introduction  of  improvements 
which  are  being  taught,  and  the  underlying  idea  of  all  this  is  to  enable 
the  farmer  not  alone  to  produce  larger  crops,  but  to  produce  crops  more 
economically.  That  is  the  way  the  farmers'  profits  are  going  to  be  in- 
creased. We  hear  a  good  deal  about  farmers  being  rich.  If  they  are 
they  certainly  deserve  it.  Not  long  ago  I  took  occasion  to  study  this 
question  in  another  state.  I  found  that  during  a  period  of  about  twenty 
years  the  prices  for  which  the  farmers  were  selling  some  of  their  products 
had  increased  about  one  hundred  per  cent.  The  prices  of  other  products 
increased  something  like  twenty  per  cent  during  the  same  period.  Many 
people  will  say  farmers  must  be  getting  rich.  They  are  getting  one 
hundred  per  cent  more  for  their  products  than  they  did  twenty  years 
ago.  But  that  is  not  necessarily  proof  that  they  are  getting  rich. 
Further  search  shows  that  these  farmers  are  paying  more  for  a  large 
amount  of  supplies,  including  labor,  than  they  were  paying  ten  years 
ago.  As  to  increase  of  farm  prices  one  hundred  per  cent,  I  want  to  call 
your  attention  to  the  fact  that  comparison  is  based  upon  prices  twenty 
years  ago,  which  literally  may  be  called  impossible  prices.  The  prices 
of  farm  products  twenty  years  ago  did  not  begin  to  represent  the  value 
of  the  labor  put  into  those  farm  products,  plus  the  value  of  the  fertility 
they  were  removing  from  the  soil,  and  the  reason  that  farms  in  some 
great  sections  of  the  country,  and  especially  of  this  state,  were  believed 
to  be  prosperous,  if  they  were  truly  prosperous,  with  such  prices  as  ob- 
tained twenty  years  ago,  the  reason  for  it  was  they  had  a  great  bank 
account  in  their  soil,  and  they  drew  on  the  principal  of  that  bank  account 
and  sold  it  by  the  carload.  It  is  not  fair  to  compare  prices  of  farm  prod- 
ucts with  other  products  over  the  same  period,  because  at  the  beginning  of 
that  period  of  twenty  years,  farm  prices  were  on  an  impossible  basis,  and 
manufacturing  prices  were  on  a  self-supporting  basis. 

I  believe  that  this  county  expert  plan  which  is  coming  into  vogue  in 
the  different  states,  promises  great  things.  I  believe  that  the  time  is 
going  to  come  when  there  will  not  only  be  a  county  expert,  but  there  will 
be  town  experts,  and  smaller  groups  of  farms  in  turn  will  have  their 
own  experts.  I  so  believe  because  I  know  of  farmers  in  some  sections 
that  have  gone  down  into  their  pockets  and  employed  an  expert  to  come 
and  live  in  their  midst  and  give  his  entire  time  to  the  problems  upon 
their  farms,  because  they  find  it  is  profitable  to  do  that  thing.  I  remember 
of  a  farmer  speaking  of  a  farmers'  institute.  He  said,  "You  don't  think 
I  could  go,  do  you,  my  neighbors  would  think  I  did  not  know  how  to 
farm."  That  attitude  of  mind  is  rapidly  passing  away.  The  fact  is  we 
do  not  know  how  to  farm,  and  many  of  the  experts  do  not  know  all 
about  it,  but  we  are  all  anxious  to  learn  one  from  another,  and  the  ex- 


456  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

pert  is  just  a  man  who  is  qualified  to  give  advice  to  the  practical  nan 
who  is  obliged  to  devote  all  his  time  to  the  detail  routine  work  of  the 
farm. 

I  want  to  refer  in  a  few  words  to  one  of  the  problems  which  I  know 
has  attracted  a  good  deal  of  attention  in  Iowa,  and  is  attracting  much 
attention  in  other  states,  and  it  has  been  discussed  a  thousand  times, 
and  that  is  "Decrease  of  Rural  Population."  So  far  as  I  can  see  this 
problem  in  this  and  other  states  there  are  three  outstanding  reasons  why 
farmers  will  leave  a  state  and  go  to  some  distant  place  where  they  think 
they  will  find  better  conditions  for  working  and  for  living.  They  be- 
lieve they  can  make  more  money,  and  believe  they  will  find  better  school 
facilities,  and  they  believe  they  will  find  better  social  facilities.  I  do 
not  know  to  what  extent  these  reasons  are  justified,  but  I  do  know  well 
that  whether  the  reasons  are  justified  or  not,  as  long  as  they  exist  in 
men's  minds  they  will  cause  those  men  to  pick  up  and  move  away,  and 
you  could  not  stop  them  from  going  even  if  you  should  build  a  Chinese 
wall  around  a  state.  They  are  going  to  go.  So,  Mr.  President,  I  be- 
lieve that  it  puts  upon  this  agricultural  state — upon  the  agTicultural  so- 
ciety of  the  state  and  the  agricultural  college  great  responsibilities.  I 
think  that  we  should  exert  ourselves  to  the  utmost  to  ascertain  the  true 
facts.  Is  it  true  that  a  man  can  do  better  in  a  financial  way  by  leaving 
a  farm  in  Iowa  and  working  upon  a  farm  in  any  other  distant  place?  We 
can  think  of  instances  where  one  has  gained  by  moving.  That,  is  to  be 
expected.  But  I  believe — this  is  only  my  personal  opinion — I  believe  that 
the  large  majority  of  those  who  go  out  of  this  state  into  distant  Canada, 
go  to  worse  conditions  than  those  which  they  leave  behind  them.  I  re- 
member meeting  one  of  these  men  not  long  ago.  He  had  gone  out  of 
New  York  state  to  Canada  and  got  a  farm  there,  and  he  had  gone  in  high 
hopes  that  he  would  be  able  to  make  himself  rich  in  a  very  short  time. 
He  spent  just  one  year  in  the  new  country  and  then  he  came  back  again, 
and  on  a  visit  to  me  he  said  he  had  enough  of  it.  He  said,  "In  a  few 
months  more  there  will  be  another  crop  of  suckers  go  out  there,"  and 
then  he  would  sell  his  farm,  and  move  back  to  the  place  that  he  came 
from. 

It  is  possible  some  go  to  some  other  land  because  it  is  cheaper,  and 
because  they  find  it  is  difficult  in  a  state  that  is  well  settled  like  this, 
and  the  other  states  of  the  east,  they  find  it  is  difficult  to  get  money 
for  the  purpose  of  buying  and  equipping  their  farm.  If  that  is  the  case, 
should  not  we  carefully  consider  some  method  by  which  funds  can  be 
loaned  to  deserving  persons?  Very  briefly,  I  want  to  tell  you  what  is 
done  in  Germany  along  these  lines.  There  a  man  who  is  deemed  worthy 
of  the  assistance  is  able  to  borrow  a  sum  of  money  for  the  purpose  of 
purchasing  land,  or  to  improve  his  farm,  on  a  basis  which  permits  him  to 
pay  that  loan  in  the  form  of  annual  interest  payments.  The  loans  are 
so  well  secured  that  they  are  made  at  a  very  low  interest,  two  to  three  per 
cent.  There  is  added  to  that  perhaps  one  and  one-half  or  two  per  cent 
as  annual  payment  on  the  principal,  and  each  year  after  the  loan  has 
been  made,  the  borrower  pays  a  total  of  five  per  cent  or  less,  which  covers 
both  the  interest  on  the  sum  which  he  has  borrowed,  and  it  provides  also 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  457 

a  payment  on  the  principal  which  he  must  repay,  with  the  result  that 
after  that  mortgage  has  been  running  for  forty  or  fifty,  even  sixty  or 
seventy  years,  with  those  low  annual  interest  charges  the  entire  obligation 
is  paid  off.  This  makes  it  easy  for  worthy  men  to  secure  funds  on  long 
time  loans,  sure  that  they  will  not  be  called  upon  to  make  payment  at 
any  time  when  they  may  not  be  able  to  do  so.  The  result  of  this  is  that 
men  who  are  of  the  right  class  and  the  right  type  are  being  attracted 
into  farming. 

I  think,  Mr.  Chairman,  that  the  true  causes  for  the  departure  of  worthy 
citizens  from  this  state  are  not  thoroughly  understood,  and  I  think  that 
they  should  be  made  a  subject  of  special  study.  I  think  there  is  no  bet- 
ter way  to  do  this  than  by  a  special  commission  which  should  be  formed 
to  take  the  matter  up  somewhat  along  the  lines  of  the  rural  life  com- 
mission of  which  Mr.  Henry  Wallace  of  this  city  was  a  member.  They 
traveled  over  the  whole  United  States  looking  into  problems  relating  to 
the  welfare  of  the  farmers.  I  believe  if  it  is  not  otherwise  provided  for, 
some  such  commission  study  as  that  might  well  be  undertaken  in  this 
state. 

Perhaps  I  ought  to  mention  the  state  fair.  I  do  not  know  whether 
Secretary  Corey  expects  me  to  say  anything  about  the  state  fair  or  not, 
but  I  shall  pass  that  over  with  the  remark  that  for  me  to  come  here  and 
discuss  the  state  fair,  would  be  like  carrying  coals  to  Newcastle.  I  believe 
it  is  one  of  the  institutions  of  this  state  which  is  serving  the  state  well. 
Its  reputation  extends  far  beyond  the  borders  of  this  state,  and  you 
probably  all  know  it  is  one  of  the  greatest  institutions  of  its  kind  in  the 
whole  world,  and  many  persons  not  living  in  Iowa  know  the  same  thing. 

Let  me  say  in  closing,  that  one  of  the  finest  things  I  have  found  in 
the  state  of  Iowa,  is  the  splendid  pride  existing  among  the  people  of 
Iowa  in  their  state  and  their  institutions,  and  it  is  just  that  it  should  be 
so.  Statistics  show  that  this  great  state  produces  432,000,000  bushels 
of  corn;  more  than  any  other  state.  Illinois  comes  next  with  428,000,000 
bushels.  Again,  this  state  produced  220,000,000  bushels  of  oats;  more 
than  any  other  state.  Illinois  again  taking  the  second  position  with 
183,000,000  bushels  of  oats.  And  again,  these  same  statistics  for  1912 
show  that  there  is  not  only  a  large  yield  in  Iowa,  but  still  better  they 
show  the  yield  in  Iowa  per  acre  in  each  case  exceeds  that  of  practically 
all  of  the  other  states  in  the  union,  the  corn  yield  being  43  bushels  per 
acre  as  compared  with  Illinois'  40;  and  oats  44,  as  compared  with  43  in 
Illinois.  Now,  I  believe  that  such  a  creditable  standing  as  these  figures 
indicate  will  serve  to  give  us  an  impulse  to  work  to  maintain  the 
splendid  position  this  state  occupies.  I  want  to  remind  you  that  it 
should  serve  to  do  this  because  other  states  are  making  strenuous  ef- 
forts to  overtake  Iowa,  and  gain  first  position.  On  a  ten  years  average 
we  are  obliged  to  admit  that  Illinois  excels  us  in  both  corn  and  oats.  In 
Illinois  every  effort  that  the  state  can  command  is  being  made  to  ad- 
vance their  agricultural  interest,  and  increase  the  agricultural  output, 
and  to  produce  crops  more  economically  and  at  a  greater  profit.  Illinois 
is  expending  well  towards  a  million  dollars  annually  in  agricultural  in- 
struction.   There  are  a  large  number  of  organizations  in  that  state  that 


458  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

are  striving,  just  as  the  organizations  are  in  this,  to  advance  all  these 
interests,  and  so,  Mr.  President,  I  want  to  call  your  attention  to  the  fact 
that  we  are  to  have  worthy  competitors  for  this  first  position  in  the 
agricultural  world.  I  believe  that  with  the  splendid  citizenship  of  the 
state,  with  the  splendid  organizations,  and  its  institutions,  that  no  state 
can  take  the  first  place  from  us,  and  so  I  am  here  to  work  with  you  and 
to  help  you  to  see  that  they  do  not  take  it  away  from  Iowa. 


The  first  prize  essay,  "What  I  Saw  and  Learned  at  the  Iowa 
State  Fair,"  by  Forest  H.  Ford,  Tipton,  Iowa,  was  then  read  by 
Secretary  Corey. 
''What  I  saw  and  learned  at  the  loua  State  Fair  and  Exposition'': 

A  useful  exposition  of  the  resources  of  a  state  is  a  hard  thing  to  se- 
cure and  equally  hard  to  maintain.  Much  credit  is  due  the  managers  of 
the  Iowa  state  fair  for  the  degree  in  which  they  have  reached  success 
in  both  particulars.  Taken  all  in  all  it  was  the  best  state  fair  which 
has  ever  been  held  in  this,  or  any  other  state. 

The  real  value  of  the  state  fair  cannot  be  realized  until  one  has  visited 
it,  for  "seeing  is  believing." 

In  taking  up  the  study  of  exhibits  we  find  every  class  filled  with  the 
richest  products  from  our  Hawkeye  state,  as  well  as  from  many  of  our 
neighboring  states. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  exhibits  on  the  grounds  was  that  of  ma- 
chinery. This  was  magnificent,  both  in  magnitude  and  variety.  Here 
we  saw  the  best  and  could  decide  for  ourselves  what  makes  we  liked  best, 
and  which  would  save  the  most  labor.  The  manner  in  which  gasoline 
and  kerosene  is  displacing  wood  and  coal  as  power,  was  evidenced  by 
the  large  number  of  gas  tractors  and  gasoline  engines.  Stave,  panel, 
and  block  silos  of  various  kinds;  convenient  and  sanitary  equipment  for 
barns;  cream  separators  and  many  other  of  the  almost  "one  hundred 
and  one"  machines  which  the  modern  farmer  requires  had  its  place. 
From  the  time  one  landed  from  the  street  car,  and  all  through  the  long 
circuit  of  the  grounds,  there  was  not  a  minute  when  the  hum  or  whir  of 
some  machine  making  farming  easier  w^as  not  heard. 

In  visiting  the  horticultural  exhibits,  we  found  a  large  display  of  ap- 
ples, plums,  grapes  and  other  Iowa  fruits.  Apples  useful  in  the  home 
orchard  were  present  in  great  abundance,  emphasizing  the  fact  that  Iowa 
farmers  may  supply  their  own  table  practically  the  year  around  with 
fruit  raised  right  at  home. 

The  exhibit  of  grain  was  large  and  the  quality  very  good.  Almost 
every  kind  of  grain  grown  in  Iowa  was  on  exhibition  and  proved  to  be  an 
interesting,  as  well  as  an  educational  exhibit.  From  every  section  of  the 
state  came  stories  of  bountiful  crops.  The  Iowa  farmer  certainly  chanted 
the  song  of  plenty  at  Des  Moines  on  fair  week. 

Another  interesting  exhibit  was  that  made  by  the  pure  food  commis- 
gion.  A  striking  display  was  made  of  brilliantly  colored  candies,  which 
owed  their  wopderful  tints  sglely  to  injurious  dyes, 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  459 

The  building  of  the  "Iowa  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic 
Arts"  was  the  mecca  of  thousands  of  visitors  to  the  fair,  and  because  of 
the  diversity  of  exhibits  and  the  value  of  the  instruction  given,  it  was 
worth  the  interest  it  occasioned. 

The  exhibits  covered  a  wide  range,  from  soil  maps  of  the  state,  show- 
ing the  various  drifts,  to  models  of  silos  and  lighting  plants,  noxious 
weeds,  engineering  appliances  and  hog  cholera  preventive.  On  the  piazza 
of  this  building  was  a  display  made  by  the  church  and  country  life  de- 
partment of  the  Presbyterian  board  of  Home  Missions.  The  exhibit  con- 
sisted chiefly  of  placards  which  bore  statistics  calling  attention  to  the 
dying  of  church  life  in  many  places. 

The  entries  in  the  live  stock  department  were  of  a  universally  high 
order,  of  good  quality  and  attracted  praise  from  thousands  upon  thou- 
sands of  visitors. 

"In  all  that  is  good  Iowa  affords  the  best,"  for  Iowa  breeders  are  fast 
becoming  prize  winners  at  the  state  fair,  winning  the  honors  over  breed- 
ers from  other  states,  a  matter  over  which  the  state  may,  with  all  due 
humility,  take  great  pride.  Some  idea  of  the  value  of  the  stock  on  ex- 
hibition may  be  had  from  the  estimate  the  fair  association  put  on  the 
prize  winning  horses  and  cattle,  in  the  grand  parade  on  Friday  which 
they  advertised  as  a  million  dollar  parade.  All  the  prominent  breeds 
of  live  stock  were  on  exhibition,  being  exhibited  by  the  most  eminent 
breeders  of  our  state  and  of  neighboring  states. 

The  display  of  poultry  was  large.  Every  popular  breed  of  chickens, 
ducks,  geese  and  turkeys  were  on  exhibition.  The  stern  voice  of  the 
chanticleer  could  be  heard  from  early  morn  until  sunset,  announcing 
from  his  neat  little  coop  that  he  had  taken  first  prize. 

Along  the  line  of  amusements  some  very  interesting  events  took  place. 
Alfred,  the  monkey,  and  the  trained  bears  afforded  fun  and  amusement 
for  both  old  and  young.  Among  the  most  interesting  amusements  were 
the  daily  flights  of  the  flying  machines,  along  with  the  "Wild  West  Show." 
Each  evening  a  marvelous  display  of  fireworks  was  given  in  front  of 
the  amphitheater. 

It  is  now  that  I  can  realize  the  value  of  the  "State  Fair"  and  can  ap- 
preciate the  many  lessons  I  have  learned.  In  briefly  summing  up  the 
latter  I  find  the  fair  teaches  us  that  pure  bred  stock  is  the  best,  and  that 
it  is  a  loss  to  raise  inferior  stock.  It  teaches  one  to  be  a  better  farmer, 
to  practice  better  farming  and  to  raise  the  best  of  everything.  The 
state  fair  gives  a  person  a  chance  to  meet  new  friends  and  to  make  deal- 
ings with  men  face  to  face,  instead  of  by  correspondence.  The  idea  of 
the  old  European  trading  bazaar  is  coming  back  to  the  people  and  is  well 
illustrated  at  the  state  fair  where  both  buyer  and  seller  are  brought  to- 
gether. The  fair  leads  to  a  better  understanding  of  all  the  different  parts 
of  the  state  as  to  farm  products,  and  opportunities.  Much  valuable 
knowledge  is  gained  that  will  show  up  some  time  in  an  increased  bank 
account. 

In  closing  I  want  to  heartily  thank  the  state  fair  association  for  mak- 
ing possible  the  "boys'  camp"  and  "stock  judging  contest,"  from  which  I 


460  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

have  obtained  a  great  deal  of  useful  knowledge  which  will  cling  to  me 
all  through  my  life. 

May  the  state  fair  forever  be  and  each  year  realize  a  greatness  more 
lofty  and  a  grandeur  more  enduring. 

"Yonder  clouds  are  yet  but  lined  with  silver;  an- 
other hour  will  reveal  them;  scarlet,  yellow,  and  gold; 
mountains  of  heavenly  glory  banked  up  against  the  sky." 


Here  followed  the  address  of  Dr.  Geo.  M.  Chappel,  Director  of 
the  Iowa  Weather  and  Crop  Service. 

IOWA  CROPS— FINAL  REPORT. 

Final   Report  For   The   State— Total   Yield   of   Soil   Products— Value   at 
Farm  Price,  December  1,  1912. 

Following  is  a  summary  of  reports  from  crop  correspondents  of  the 
Iowa  weather  and  crop  service,  showing  the  average  yield  per  acre  and 
total  yield  of  staple  soil  products,  and  the  average  price  at  the  farms  or 
nearest  stations,  December  1,  1912: 

As  a  whole,  the  crop  season  of  1912  was  the  most  productive  one  in  the 
history  of  Iowa.  The  total  yield  of  corn,  oats  and  winter  wheat  was  far 
in  excess  of  any  previous  year,  and  all  other  crops,  except  apples,  were 
nearly  up  to  the  maximum  of  production.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
the  average  price  of  soil  products  is  much  below  the  prices  prevailing 
on  December  1,  1911,  the  total  value  of  this  year's  crop  exceeds  that  of 
last  year  by  over  $3,000,000,  and  if  good  seed  corn  had  been  used  last  spring 
an  additional  $10,000,000  could  have  been  added  to  the  value  of  this 
year's  crop. 

Corn. — The  revised  estimate  of  the  acreage  of  corn  is  9,199,610  acres,  or 
336,286  acres  more  than  was  planted  last  year,  as  shown  by  the  report  of 
the  township  assessors.  The  average  yield  per  acre  for  the  state  this 
year  is  45.8  bushels,  making  a  total  yield  of  421,368,400  bushels,  or  33,- 
019,480  bushels  more  than  was  ever  before  produced  in  the  state  in  one 
year;  the  next  largest  yield  being  388,348,920  bushels  in  1906.  The 
average  farm  price  on  December  1st  was  36  cents  per  bushel,  making 
the  aggregate  value  $151,698,624.  Last  year  the  estimated  yield  was  32.9 
bushels  per  acre,  aggregate  yield  281,366,600  bushels;  average  farm  price 
was  54  cents  per  bushel,  making  the  aggregate  value  $151,937,964  or 
$239,340  more  than  the  value  of  this  year's  crop.  Fully  one  third  of  this 
year's  crop  is  either  soft  or  chaffy,  due  to  the  fact  that  much  of  the 
crop  was  not  fully  matured  when  the  severe  killing  frosts,  and  in  many 
sections  of  the  state,  freezing  temperatures,  occurred  between  the  26th 
and  29th  of  September.  The  weather  has,  however,  been  generally  fav- 
orable since  October  11th,  and  husking  is  now  completed  in  many  lo- 
calities and  will  be  practically  completed  within  the  next  week. 

Oats. — The  area  harvested  was  4,665,100  acres;  average  yield,  44.4 
bushels  per  acre;  total  yield,  206,949,700  bushels;  aggregate  value  at  27 
cents  per  bushel,   $55,876,419,   or  $3,408,984  less  than  the  value  of  last 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  461 

year's  crop.  The  total  yield  this  year  was,  however,  86,741,400  bushels 
more  than  was  produced  in  1911,  and  5,349,700  bushels  in  excess  of  the 
big  crop  of  1895. 

Spring  Wheat. — Area  harvested,  506,650  acres;  average  yield,  18.7 
bushels  per  acre;  total  yield,  9,486,700  bushels;  price  per  bushel,  76 
cents;   total  value,  $7,209,892. 

Winter  Wheat. — Area  harvested,  333,710  acres;  average  yield  per  acre, 
24.3  bushels;  total  yield,  8,133,530  bushels;  average  price,  78  cents  per 
bushel;  total  value,  $6,344,153. 

Barley. — Average  per  acr^  32.5  bushels;  total  yield,  9,587,760;  farm 
price,  50  cents;  total  value,  $4,793,880. 

Rye. — Average  yield  20.7  bushels  per  acre;  total  crop,  888,530  bushels; 
farm  price,  61  cents;  total  value,  $542,003. 

Flax  Seed. — Average  per  acre,  11.3  bushels;  total  product,  423,000 
bushels;  total  value  at  $1.31  per  bushel,  $554,208. 

Potatoes. — Average  yield  per  acre,  104  bushels;  total  yield,  12,904,500 
bushels;  average'  price,  44  cents;  total  value,  $5,677,980. 

Hay  (Tame). — Average  yield,  1.6  tons;  total  yield,  4,287,600  tons;  aver- 
age price,  $9.89;  total  value,  $42,404,364. 

Hay  (Wild). — Average  yield,  1.4  tons;  total  yield,  1,085,440  tons;  average 
price,  $7.43;  total  value,  $8,064,819. 

Tabulated  Crop  Summary. 

Corn    421,386,400  bu.     $151,698,624 

Oats     206,949,700  bu.         55,876,419 

Spring  wheat   9,486,700  bu.          7,209,982 

Winter   wheat    8,133,530  bu.          6,344,153 

Barley 9,587,760  bu.          4,793,880 

Rye    888,530  bu.              542,003 

Flax  seed 423,060  bu.             554,208 

Potatoes    12,904,500  bu.          5,677,980 

Hay    (Tame)     4,287,600  tons        42,404,364 

Hay   (Wild)    1,085,440  tons          8,064,819 

Pasture  and  grazing Estimated  85,000,000 

Ensilage    Estimated  4,000,000 

Timothy  seed   Estimated  2,300,000 

Clover   seed    Estimated  516,736 

Alfalfa  and  millet Estimated  1,200,000 

Sweet  corn   Estimated  1,137,500 

Pop   corn    Estimated  600,000 

Fruit  crops  Estimated  5,500,000 

Garden    truck    Estimated  1,500,000 

Miscellaneous  crops   Estimated  7,500,000 

Total  value  $392,420,668 

The  estimated  value  of  soil  products  for  1911  was  $388,991,154. 

GEO.  M.  CHAPPEL,  Director. 


462  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

The  Committee  on  Resolution  presented  the  following  report 
which  was  unanimously  adopted  by  the  convention. 

Resolved,  That  we  the  members  of  this  convention,  appreciate  the  good 
work  the  Iowa  state  fair  is  doing  for  the  educational  and  agricultural  in- 
terests of  this  state.  During  the  past  few  years  the  state  fair  has  taken 
the  lead  over  the  big  state  fairs  and  expositions  of  the  world,  and  its 
educational  value  to  the  people  of  this  state  is  fully  appreciated. 

We  commend  the  loyal  work  done  for  this  great  fair  by  President  Cam- 
eron, Vice-President  Olson,  Treasurer  Gilbertson,  Secretary  Corey,  and 
their  associate  directors.  We  heartily  endorse  their  careful  business 
management  and  policy  and  pledge  them  our  continued  support. 

T.  W.  PURCELL, 
A.    G.    RIGBY, 
J.    W.    PALM, 

Committee. 

REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  ON  CREDENTIALS. 
The  Committee  on  Credentials  made  the  following  report: 

We,  the  undersigned,  your  Committee  on  Credentials,  beg  leave  to  sub- 
mit the  following  report.    Number  of  delegates  present,  seventy-four, 

C.  W.  Hoffman, 
James  Nowak, 
H.  C.  Leach, 

Comviittee. 

DELEGATES  ENTITLED  TO  VOTE  IN  THE  STATE  AGRICULTURAL 
CONVENTION,  DECEMBER  11,  1912. 

COUNTY   AND   DISTRICT   FAIR  ASSOCIATION. 

Adair  County  Fair  Association J.  M.  Wilson,  Menlo 

Bremer  County  Fair  Association  J.  W.  Bennett,  Janesville 

Buchanan  County  Fair  and  Racing  Assn A.  G.  Rigby,  Independence 

Buena  Vista  County  Agricultural  Society W.  J.  Sievers,  Alta 

Cass  County  Fair  Association  E.  F.  Berg,  Atlantic 

Massena  District  Fair  Association D.  P.  Hogan,  Massena 

Clinton  County  Agricultural  Society A.  J.  Peters,  Edgewood 

Davis  County  Agricultural  Society H.  C.  Leach,  Bloomfield 

Franklin  County  Agricultural  Society T.  W.  Purcell,  Hampton 

Guthrie  County  Agricultural  Society B.  F.  Davidson,  Menlo 

Hardin  County  Agricultural  Society W.  H.  Rowen,  Union 

Henry  County  Agricultural  Association J.  W.  Palm,  Mt.  Pleasant 

Iowa  County  Agricultural  Society U.  S.  Butler,  Williamsburg 

Jasper  County  Agricultural  Society F.  E.  Meredith,  Newton 

Kossuth  County  Agricultural  Society T.  P.  Harrington,  Algona 

Madison  County  Agricultural  Society T.  J.  Hudson,  Winterset 

Lake  Prairie  District  Agricultural  Society Chas.  Porter,  Pella 

Marshall  County  Fair  Association W.  M.  Clark,  Marshalltown 

Mills  County  Agricultural  Society Mrs.  J.  F.  Summers,  Malvern 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR   BOOK— PART  VII  463 

Monona  County  Fair  Association N.  W.  McBeath 

Union  District  Agricultural  Society C.  P.  Gibson,  West  Liberty 

O'Brien  County  Agricultural  Society J.  B.  Murphy,  Sutherland 

Clarinda  Fair  Association  J.  C.  Beckner,  Clarinda 

Big  Four  District  Fair C.  C.  Patty,  Fonda 

Poweshiek  County  Central  Agrl.  Society J.  T.  Cessna,  Grinnell 

Poweshiek  County  Central  Agrl.  Society James  Nowak,  Malcom 

Warren  County  Agricultural  Society Joe  McCoy,  Indianola 

Webster  County  Fair  and  Agricultural  Society.  ..  .J.  F.  Barton,  Ft.  Dodge 

Forest  City  Park  and  Fair  Association John  L.  Wheeler,  Forest  City 

Winneshiek  County  Agricultural  Society E.  W.  Cutting,  Decorah 

Inter-state  Live  Stock  Fair  Association.  ..  .Eugene  P.  Sullivan,  Sioux  City 
Wright  County  Agricultural  Society W.  C.  BroAvn,  Clarion 

COUNTIES  WHERE  NO  FAIRS  WERE  REPORTED. 

Clarke  County    John   Ledgerwood,  Weldon 

Dallas  County O.  L.  Gray,  Dallas  Center 

Decatur  County  C.  W.  Hoffman,  Leon 

Emmet  County  C.  C.  Heer,  Armstrong 

Ida  County Barney  Hester,  Ida  Grove 

Lucas  County D.  A.  McMains,  Derby 

Polk  County   H.  B.  Erase,  Des  Moines 

Scott  County J.  G.  D'utcher,  Davenport 

Union  County  W.  W.  Morrow,  Afton 

FARMERS'  INSTITUTES. 

Appanoose  County J.  H.  Carr,  Moulton 

Boone  County M.  J.  Lundvall,  Boxholm 

Buena  Vista  County C.  A.  Fulton,  Storm  Lake 

Dallas  County B.  H.  VanFossen,  Adel 

Decatur  County A.  E.  Cotterill,  Leon 

Madison  County W.  D.  Patterson,  Winterset 

Mahaska  County Wilford  Hull,  Oskaloosa 

Monona  County  Clyde  Whiting,  Whiting 

Polk  County  A.  L.  Plummer,  Altoona 

Ringgold  County J.  F.  Wall,  Mt.  Ayr 

Shelby  County  L.  H.  Pickard,  Harlan 

Union  County   A.  M.  Crawford,  Afton 

Warren  County   J.  A.  Mason,  Carlisle 

Woodbury  County   Bert  L.  France,  Salix 

Winnebago  County John  Carson,  Forest  City 

STATE  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

OFFICERS. 

President C.  E.  Cameron,  Alta 

Vice-President   O.  A.  Olson,  Forest  City 

Secretary A.  R.  Corey,  Des  Moines 

Treasurer  G.  S.  Gilbertson,  Des  Moines 


464  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

EX-OFFICIO   MEMBERS. 

President  State  Agricultural  College R.  A.  Pearson,  Ames 

State  Dairy  and  Food  Commissioner W.  B.  Barney,  Hampton 

State  Veterinarian Dr.  J.  I.  Gibson,  Des  Moines 

DISTRICT    MEMBERS. 

First  District R.  S.  Jolmston,  Columbus  Junction 

Second  District C.  W.  Phillips,  Maquoketa 

Third  District  E.  M.  Reeves,  Waverly 

Fourth  District  E.  J.  Curtin,  Decorah 

Fifth  District E.  M.  Wentworth,  State  Center 

Sixth  District  T.  C.  Legoe,  What  Cheer 

Seventh  District C.  F.  Curtiss,  Ames 

Eighth  District  F.  E.  Sheldon,  Mt.  Ayr 

Ninth  District  J.  F.  Summers,  Malvern 

Tenth  District  J.  P.  Mullen,  Fonda 

Eleventh  District  H.  L.  Pike,  Whiting 

On  motion  the  report  of  the  committee  was  adopted. 

The  President  announced  that  the  next  order  of  business  would 
be  the  election  of  President,  Vice  President,  and  member  of  the 
board  from  the  even  numbered  districts. 

Mr.  T.  W.  Purcell  of  Franklin  County  placed  in  nomination 
for  president  Mr.  C.  E.  Cameron  of  Buena  Vista  County  to  suc- 
ceed himself  and  moved  that  if  there  were  no  other  nominations 
that  the  secretary  be  instructed  to  (ast  the  entire  vote  of  the  con- 
vention for  Mr.  Cameron.  The  motion  was  duly  seconded  and 
adopted  by  the  ccnvention.  The  seventy-four  votes  were  so  cast 
by  the  secretary  and  Vice  President  Olson  declared  Mr.  C.  E. 
Cameron  duly  elected  President  of  the  Iowa  State  Board  of  Agri- 
culture for  the  ensuing  year. 

For  vice  president  for  the  ensuing  year  Mr.  J.  P.  Mullen  nom- 
inated Mr.  0.  A.  Okon  of  Winnebago  County  to  succeed  himself 
and  moved  that  if  there  were  no  other  nominations  that  the  secre- 
tary be  instructed  to  cast  the  entire  vote  of  the  convention  for 
Mr.  Olson.  The  nomination  and  motion  were  .duly  seconded,  the 
secretary  so  cast  the  seventy-four  votes  of  the  convention  and 
President  Cameron  declared  ]\Ir.  O.  A.  Olson  duly  elected  vice 
president  of  the  Iowa  State  Board  of  Agriculture  for  the  ensuing 
year. 

For  member  of  the  Board  from  the  second  district  Mr.  C.  W. 
Hoffman  of  Decatur  County  nominated  Mr.  C.  W.  Phillips  of 
Jackson  County  to  succeed  himself;  seconded  by  C.  C.  Heer  of 
Emmet  County.     On  motion  the  rules  were  suspended  and  the 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR  BOOK— PART  VII  465 

secretary  instructed  to  cast  the  seventy-four  votes  of  the  conven- 
tion for  Mr.  Phillips.  The  secretary  so  cast  the  vote  and  the 
president  declared  Mr.  C.  W.  Phillips  duly  elected  member  of 
the  Iowa  State  Board  of  Agriculture  for  the  ensuing  two  years. 

For  member  of  the  Board  from  the  fourth  district  Mr.  E.  W. 
Cutting  of  Winneshiek  County  nominated  Mr.  E.  J.  Curtin  of 
Winneshiek  County  to  succeed  himself;  seconded  by  Mr.  T.  W. 
Purcell  of  Franklin  County.  There  being  no  other  nominations, 
the  rules  were  suspended  and  the  secretary  instructed  to  cast  the 
entire  vote  of  the  convention  for  Mr.  Curtin.  The  secretary  so 
cast  the  seventy-four  votes  and  the  president  declared  Mr.  E.  J, 
Curtin  duly  elected  member  of  the  Iowa  State  Board  of  Agricul- 
ture from  the  Fourth  District  for  the  ensuing  two  years. 

Mr.  II.  C.  Leach  of  Davis  County  nominated  Mr.  T.  C.  Legoe 
of  Keokuk  County  to  succeed  himself  as  member  of  the  board  from 
the  sixth  district ;  motion  seconded  by  Mr.  James  Nowak  of  Powe- 
shiek County.  There  being  no  other  nominations,  on  motion  the 
rules  were  suspended  and  the  secretary  instructed  to  cast  the 
entire  vote  of  the  convention  for  Mr.  Legoe.  The  secretary  so  cast 
the  seventy-four  votes  and  the  president  declared  Mr.  Legoe  duly 
elected  member  of  the  Iowa  State  Board  of  Agriculture  from  the 
Sixth  District  for  the  ensuing  two  years. 

Mr.  W.  W.  Morrow  of  Union  County  nominated  ]\Ir.  F.  E.  Shel- 
don of  Ringgold  County  to  succeed  himself  as  member  of  the 
board  from  the  eighth  district;  seconded  by  Mr.  Ledgerwood  of 
Clark  County.  No  other  nominations  were  made  and  on  motion 
the  rules  were  suspended  and  the  secretary  instructed  to  cast  the 
entire  vote  of  the  convention  for  Mr.  Sheldon.  The  secretary  so 
cast  the  seventy-four  votes  and  the  president  declared  Mt.  Sheldon 
duly  elected  member  of  the  Iowa  State  Board  of  Agriculture  from 
the  Eighth  District  for  the  ensuing  two  years. 

For  member  of  the  board  from  the  tenth  district  Mr.  T.  P.  Har- 
rington of  Kossuth  County  nominated  Mr.  J.  P.  Mullen  of  Poca- 
hontas County  to  succeed  himself.  The  motion  was  duly  seconded 
and,  there  being  no  other  nominations,  the  rule  was  suspended  and 
the  secretary  instructed  to  cast  the  entire  vote  of  the  convention 
for  Mr.  Mullen.  The  secretary  so  cast  the  seventy-four  votes  and 
the  president  declared  Mr.  Mullen  duly  elected  member  of  the 
Iowa  State  Board  of  Agriculture  from  the  Tenth  District  for  the 
ensuing  two  years. 

On  motion  the  convention  adjourned. 
30 


CHAMPION  HAMPSHIRE  PEN 
Iowa  State  Fair— 1912 


CHAMPION  BERKSHIRES 

Get  of  Sire 

Iowa  State  Fair  1912 


PART  VIII 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

Annual  Meeting  of  the  Iowa  Swine 
Breeders'  Association 

1912 

OFFICERS. 

President J.  H.  Watson,  Madrid 

Vice-President B.  F.  Davidson,  Menlo 

Secretary  and  Treasurer M.  P.  Hancher,  Rolfe 


IOWA  SWINE  BREEDERS'  ASSOCIATION. 

The  thirty-first  annual  meeting  of  the  Iowa  Swine  Breeders' 
Association  was  held  at  Ames,  Iowa,  in  the  AgTicultural  Building 
of  the  Iowa  State  College,  Tuesday,  June  11,  1912. 

After  calling  the  meeting  to  order,  President  J.  H.  Watson, 
of  Madrid,  Iowa,  gave  a  short  address. 

PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS. 

"On  this,  the  thirty-first  annual  meeting  of  our  association,  I  congratu- 
late you  upon  the  bright  prospects  in  store  for  you  who  are  fortunate 
enough  to  have  a  few  hogs.  Disease  has  greatly  reduced  the  number  of 
hogs.  The  bad  March  weather  made  it  very  difficult  to  save  many  pigs 
and  consequently  the  number  of  hogs  at  this  time  of  year  was  never  so 
small.  With  these  conditions,  it  is  only  reasonable  to  expect  hogs  to  sell 
higher.  I  believe  we  will  see  all  the  high  price  records  broken  this 
season. 

"There  is  one  phase  that  I  wish  to  call  your  attention  to  that  is  cost- 
ing farmers  many  thousands  annually.  That  is  what  I  call  the  no-purpose 
method  of  breeding.  Mr.  Breeder  has  a  very  good  herd  of  hogs  but  he 
becomes  dissatisfied  and  crosses  his  hogs  with  another  breed.  The  re- 
sults are  not  what  he  expected  and,  not  being  satisfied,  he  crosses  with 


468  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

still  another  breed.  By  this  time  he  has  a  hog  with  about  all  the  unde- 
sirable points. 

"Now,  brother  breeders,  I  think  we  ought  to  do  all  we  can  to  discour- 
age this  method  of  breeding  hogs.  If  a  man  comes  looking  for  a  male 
pig  and  we  find  he  is  going  to  cross  him  with  another  breed,  try  to  get 
him  to  stick  to  one  breed  and  raise  a  more  uniform  lot  of  hogs.  It  is 
surprising  how  very  few  strictly  good  hogs  come  to  our  markets.  It  is 
just  as  easy  to  raise  a  good  hog  if  we  go  at  it  right,  and  a  great  deal 
more  profitable.  If  there  is  anything  in  blood,  it  is  pure  blood  that  has 
brought  hogS'  up  to  their  present  state  of  perfection. 

"I  would  say  to  every  man  who  raises  hogs  for  any  purpose,  select  a 
breed  that  suits  him  best,  always  select  breeding  stock  from  the  best 
he  can  find,  and  every  year  try  to  improve.  Brother  breeders,  I  do  not 
want  to  insinuate  that  any  of  you  are  guilty  of  this  no-purpose  kind  of 
breeding,  but  that  there  are  too  many  who  are  too  careless  and  do  not 
produce  as  good  hogs  as  they  should.  A  visit  to  the  markets  will  prove 
this  statement  true." 

FORAGE  CROPS  FOR  SWINE. 

PROF.    W.   J.   KENNEDY,   AMES,   IOWA. 

"I  feel  certain  that  the  hog  business  in  Iowa  from  now  on  is  going 
to  be  different  from  what  it  has  been  in  the  past.  Many  years  ago  the 
hog  was  an  adjunct  in  cattle  feeding  operations.  It  was  used  to  make 
money  in  cattle  feeding  operations.  While  the  cattle  feeding  business 
is  good  in  Iowa  and  while  people  will  feed  them  in  the  future,  more  and 
more  people  will  go  into  dairy  farming  and  that  means  that  we  will  have 
to  pay  more  and  more  attention  to  the  hog.  Instead  of  the  hog  being 
a  necessary  part  of  the  cattle  feeding  operations,  they  will  be  raised  from 
the  standpoint  of  raising  pork  and  not  to  help  some  other  industry  pay 
dividends.  They  will  pay  their  own  dividends  and  we  all  know  there  is 
no  class  of  stock  in  this  country  or  any  other  country  that  has  paid  off 
more  mortgages  than  hogs,  or  bought  more  automobiles.  The  hog  today 
is  the  most  profitable  animal  on  the  farm  when  he  is  properly  bred  and 
properly  fed  and  marketed.    There  is  no  doubt  about  it. 

"A  great  deal  of  attention  has  been  paid  to  feeds  at  the  experiment 
station.  Some  six  years  ago  we  started  out  to  carry  on  rather  extensive 
experiments  along  the  lines  of  forage  crops  for  swine.  Our  idea  is  to 
get  as  nearly  as  we  can  some  facts  which  will  help  the  farmers  out  from 
the  standpoint  of  the  value  of  the  different  forage  crops.  We  have  tried 
out  six  or  seven  of  the  more  common  forage  crops,  and  used  them  in 
the  growing  and  development  of  young  pigs.  Our  experiment  work 
shows  one  thing — it  may  be  contrary  to  what  we  expected  and  what  you 
believe — and  that  is  that  the  forage  is  a  valuable  thing  for  young  pigs 
from  weaning  time  up  to  the  time  they  weigh  a  hundred  and  fifty  to  a 
hundred  and  seventy-five  pounds,  but  if  you  have  a  bunch  of  sows  or  fall 
pigs,  our  experiment  work  indicates  that  they  will  make  heavier  daily 
gains  and  cheaper  gains  by  putting  those  animals  in  the  dry  lot  and  not 
feeding  forage  crops.    When  they  weigh  up  to  a  hundred  and  fifty  or  bet- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VIII 


469 


ter  the  dry  lot  with  meat  meal  or  tankage  or  some  feed  that  will  build 
up  will  give  cheaper  gains  and  heavier  gains,  but  from  weaning  time  up 
to  a  hundred  and  fifty  or  a  hundred  and  seventy-five  pounds  you  can  pro- 
duce gains  more  rapidly  and  more  economically  through  the  use  of  any 
one  of  several  forage  crops  than  from  dry  lot  feeding.  Our  experience 
is  that  the  heavier  hogs  do  not  do  as  well  on  forage  crops  You  can  get 
faster  daily  gains  on  the  larger  animals  in  dry  lot  feeding.  There  are 
two  factors  which  I  think  are  more  important  than  anything  else  from 
the  standpoint  of  getting  hogs  ready  for  market.  One  is  rapidity  of 
gains  and  the  other  is  economy.  Economy  only  is  not  enough  because  in 
all  hog  feeding  operations  you  all  know  that  the  hog  is  a  hard  animal 
to  do  anything  with  when  he  is  sick  and  the  sooner  you  get  the  animal 
ready  for  market,  the  better.    Rapidity  is  an  all  important  factor. 

"I  have  some  results  of  experiments  which  have  not  yet  been  published 
but  will  be  published  this  fall  in  a  bulletin  on  forage  crops.  These  exper- 
iments embrace  the  use  of  alfalfa,  clover,  rape,  sweet  clover,  oats,  peas 
and  rape;  oats,  clover  and  rape;  blue  grass  and  timothy;  and  winter  rye. 
Blue  grass  is  permanent,  alfalfa  is  somewhat  permanent,  clover  usually 
lasts  two  years,  and  the  others  are  annual  crops.  We  have  tried  to  get 
something  that  would  answer  the  needs  of  every  man.  For  a  grain  ra- 
tion to  feed  with  the  alfalfa  or  whatever  it  might  be  we  fed  ear  corn. 
Several  years  ago  we  started  in  to  find  out  the  best  method  of  preparing 
corn  for  swine.  We  fed  ear  corn,  soaked  shelled  corn,  dry  corn  meal, 
soaked  corn  meal,  but  in  all  of  our  experience  we  have  found  that  pigs 
up  to  two  hundred  pounds  made  heavier  daily  gains  and  more  economical 
gains  on  ear  corn  alone  than  any  other  manner.  If  that  is  true,  there  is 
no  need  of  going  to  the  work  of  shelling  corn  or  soaking  and  grinding  it. 

"The  experiments  were  on  about  four  hundred  head.  It  is  not  guess 
work.  It  was  on  large  numbers  for  three  different  years  and  in  checked 
lots.  For  pigs  over  two  hundred  pounds  we  found  that  soaked  corn  or 
soaked  corn  meal  gave  cheaper  gains.  The  shelling  and  soaking  or  grind- 
ing seemed  to  appeal  more  to  them.  The  ear  corn  was  fed  to  the  pigs 
under  two  hundred  pounds  in  the  dry  lots  and  every  two  or  three  weeks 
the  cobs  were  raked  up  and  burned  and  the  ashes  were  there  for  them  to 
eat. 

The  details  of  infornaation  with  reference  to  these  experiments  are 
given  in  the  following  table: 


Kind  of  Pasture 

O  03 

6 

II 

< 

< 

s 

11 

h 

o  a 

s 

l-l    . 

Alfalfa 

16.48 
18.75 
20.00 
22.50 
2S.64 
16.66 
13.94 
31.11 

180 
141 
141 
141 
160 
147 
165 
65 

18.8 
39.0 
37.9 
37.9 
26.2 
25.8 
33.0 
36.46 

1.05 

1.13 

1.104 

1.02 

1.156 

.914 

.723 

.81 

4.05 
3.70 
3.64 
3.97 
4.08 
3.62 
3.69 
4.15 

$2.88 
3.84 
3.79 
3.70 
3.77 
3.66 
4.09 
3.67 

86.6 
71.7 
73.1 
73.2 
70.8 
76.6 
61.4 
75.8 

£65 

Clover      -         --       

650 

Rape 

781 

Sweet  Clover 

854 

Oats    Peas  and  Rape 

1147 

Oats,    Clover   and   Rape                       

795 

378 

Winter  Rye                                                     

347 

470  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

"We  added  a  little  meat  meal  to  the  ration  (there  is  no  difference  be- 
tween meat  meal  and  tankage)  for  the  reason  that  it  added  a  little 
more  protein  and  balanced  the  ration  better. 

"From  the  table  given  you  will  see  the  result  taken  in  1911,  for  alfalfa. 
An  acre  of  alfalfa  carried  sixteen  and  a  half  pigs  from  May  19  to  No- 
vember 15,  a  period  of  a  hundred  and  eighty  days.  These  pigs  averaged 
18.8  pounds  each  at  the  beginning,  made  an  average  daily  gain  of  1.05 
pounds,  the  gain  per  hundred  pounds  ration  daily  being  4.05,  and  pro- 
duced these  gains  at  $2.88  per  hundred.  In  figuring  up  the  cost  we 
charged  up  the  rent,  the  seed,  and  all  the  work  done  and  found  that  it 
returned  SG.G  cents  for  every  bushel  of  corn.  We  had  865  pounds  of  pigs 
at  the  end  of  the  180  day  period  which  we  could  not  credit  to  anything 
but  alfalfa,  besides  taking  off  3,838  pounds  of  alfalfa  from  the  field.  That 
hay  w^ould  now  be  worth  $20  but  we  put  it  in  at  $14  a  ton.  Thus  from 
an  acre  of  alfalfa  we  got  865  pounds  of  pork  and  3,838  pounds  of  alfalfa 
hay.  In  feeding  alfalfa  we  fed  fourteen  parts  corn  and  one  part  meat 
meal.     It  takes  less  protein  to  balance  an  alalfa  ration  than  clover. 

"On  an  acre  of  clover  we  had  18.75  hogs  for  141  days.  These  pigs 
averaged  at  the  beginning  39  pounds  each.  They  made  an  average  daily 
gain  of  1.13  pounds,  gain  per  hundred  pounds  daily  3.70,  cost  of  producing 
gains  $3.84  per  hundred,  net  returns  per  bushel  of  corn  71.7  cents  and 
650  pounds  of  pork  from  the  acre  of  clover  at  the  end  of  the  141  days. 

With  rape  we  had  twenty  pigs  to  the  acre  for  141  days.  The  average 
initial  weight  was  37.9  pounds,  average  daily  gain  1.104,  gain  per  hundred 
pounds  3.64,  cost  per  hundred  pounds  gain  $3.79,  net  returns  per  bushel 
of  corn  73.1  cents,  731  pounds  of  pork  to  the  acre  of  rape.  This  result  was 
obtained  in  1910.  Last  year  we  produced  1,438  pounds  of  pork  from  an 
acre  of  rape  but  in  giving  this  table  we  wanted  to  give  an  average. 

"On  an  acre  of  sweet  clover  we  had  23.5  pigs  for  a  period  of  141  days. 
The  average  initial  weight  of  these  pigs  was  37.9  and  the  average  daily 
gain  1.02  pounds.  The  gain  per  hundred  pounds  was  3.97,  cost  of  a  hun- 
dred pounds  gain  $3.70,  net  returns  per  bushel  of  corn  73.3  cents  and  854 
pounds  of  pork  to  the  acre  of  sweet  clover.  Sweet  clover  is  something 
that  you  see  growing  everywhere.  It  belongs  to  the  clover  and  alfalfa 
family.  We  sowed  our  field  along  in  April  at  the  rate  of  eighteen  pounds 
of  seed  per  acre.  We  turned  the  hogs  on  it  on  the  27th  of  June.  You 
have  to  keep  it  cut  down  pretty  close.  If  you  do  not  it  gets  woody.  If 
you  seed  sweet  clover  every  year  it  is  good  for  hogs.  You  can  grow  it 
on  land  you  can't  grow  alfalfa  on.  For  a  few  days  the  hogs  don't  like  it 
because  it  is  a  little  bitter  but  if  you  give  them  nothing  else  they  will 
take  to  it  and  eat  it. 

"The  oats,  peas  and  rape  carried  23.54  pigs  for  160  days.  The  average 
initial  weight  was  26.2,  average  daily  gain  1,166,  gain  per  hundred  pounds 
4.08,  cost  per  hundred  pounds  gain  $3.77,  net  returns  per  bushel  of  corn 
70.8  cents,  pork  produced  to  acre  of  oats,  peas  and  rape,  1,147.  This  re- 
sult was  obtained  in  1911. 

"In  sowing  oats,  peas  and  rape,  sow  at  the  rate  of  a  bushel  of  oats,  a 
bushel  of  peas  and  about  four  pounds  of  rape  seed.  We  mixed  them  all 
together  and  sowed  all  at  the  same  time. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VIII  471 

"On  the  oats,  clover  and  rape  we  had  16.66  pigs  per  acre  for  147  days. 
The  average  initial  weight  was  25.8  pounds,  average  daily  gain  .914,  gain 
per  hundred  3.62,  cost  of  a  hundred  pounds  gain  $3.56,  net  returns  per 
bushel  of  corn  76.6  cents,  pounds  of  pork  to  the  acre  795.  In  sowing  the 
oats,  clover  and  rape  sow  about  one  and  a  half  bushels  of  oatS  per  acre, 
eight  pounds  of  clover  and  three  or  four  pounds  of  rape.  Regarding  this 
combination  I  want  to  say  that  if  you  have  a  good  season  the  clover  will 
come  on  and  make  a  full  stand  but  if  you  have  a  dry  season  you  will  not 
have  much.  The  oats,  peas  and  rape  is  a  much  surer  crop  one  year  with 
another  than  oats,  clover  and  rape. 

"The  blue  grass  pasture  was  a  mixture  of  blue  grass  three  parts  and 
timothy  one  part.  This  pasture  carried  13.94  hogs  per  acre  for  165  days. 
The  average  initial  weight  was  33  pounds,  average  daily  gain  .723,  gain 
per  hundred  pounds  3.69,  cost  of  a  hundred  pounds  gain  $4.09,  net  returns 
per  bushel  of  corn  61.4  cent?,  and  378  pounds  of  pork  to  the  acre.  In  re- 
gard to  blue  grass  and  timothy  I  will  say  that  I  believe  it  would  be  best 
to  feed  about  seven  parts  of  corn  and  one  part  meat  meal  (which  is  a 
little  more  meat  meal  than  we  used)  for  the  reason  that  neither  blue  grass 
nor  timothy  are  very  rich  in  protein. 

"On  the  winter  rye  were  31.11  hogs  per  acre  for  65  days.  The  initial 
weight  was  36.46,  average  daily  gain  .81,  gain  per  hundred  4.15,  cost  of  a 
hundred  pounds  gain  $3.67,  net  returns  per  bushel  of  corn  75.8  cents, 
pounds  of  pork  to  the  acre  347.  I  don't  know  what  experience  others  have 
had  but  we  find  that  little  pigs  scour  a  great  deal  on  rye  and  with  shoats 
we  have  found  the  same  trouble.  To  avoid  this  we  fed  one  tablespoonful 
of  blood  meal  to  the  shoats  and  about  a  teaspoonful  to  the  little  pigs.  We 
followed  the  practice  of  hogging  down  the  rye,  but  it  is  something  I 
would  not  recommend  at  all.  We  did  not  get  a  third  of  the  market  value 
of  rye  by  hogging  it  down.    The  hogs  did  not  do  well  at  all. 

"Clover  is  a  useful  crop.  Rape  does  well  everywhere.  Sweet  clover 
is  something  that  I  suggest  you  use  not  more  than  one  year  without  re- 
seeding.  Oats,  peas  and  rape  we  can  recommend.  Any  man  can  grow  it 
and  it  is  something  you  don't  have  to  carry  through  the  winter  and  it 
will  give  good  results.  Oats,  clover  and  rape  does  very  well  if  you  have 
plenty  of  moisture  to  get  your  clover  through.  Rye  makes  a  very  good 
fall  feed  and  also  early  spring  except  that  it  makes  the  pigs  scour.  In 
recommending  forage  crops  there  are  three  or  four  things  to  take  into 
consideration.  You  have  to  get  a  crop  that  will  produce  a  heavy  yield 
per  acre.  You  have  to  get  a  crop  that  the  hogs  will  eat  and  one  that  is 
rich  in  protein.  Forage  crops  to  be  ideal  should  take  your  hogs  from 
May  to  November.  Blue  grass  lasts  only  during  July  and  August;  clover 
does  the  same.  Alfalfa  comes  on  early  in  the  season,  the  hogs  like  it,  and 
it  is  the  richest  in  protein  of  any  crop  we  have  Alfalfa  would  be  my  first 
choice  to  feed  with  corn  for  hogs  v/herever  a  man  can  grow  it.  Rape 
you  can  sow  at  any  time  of  the  year,  even  starting  in  as  late  as  July, 
and  it  lasts  well  throughout  the  year.  In  handling  rape  it  is  a  good  idea 
to  let  it  get  ten  or  twelve  or  fourteen  inches  high  before  you  put  your 
hogs  in.  Don't  pasture  it  too  close.  Sweet  clover  is  something  a  man  can 
grow  when  he  cannot  grow  other  things,    If  you  grow  sweet  clover,  keep 


472  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

it  cut  down  pretty  well.  Oats,  peas  and  rape  is  something  a  man  can 
grow  any  time.  The  same  is  true  of  oats,  clover  and  rape.  Rye  is  pretty 
good,  but  don't  hog  it  down." 

DISCUSSION. 

''Do  you  feed  meat  meal  dryT' 

Prof.  Kennedy:  We  feed  it  in  the  drinking  water.  Get  your 
hogs  to  drink  all  the  water  they  can  and  feed  the  meat  meal  in 
it.    You  can  feed  it  dry  but  they  will  blow  it  some. 

"Was  the  amount  of  corn  fed  all  they  would  eat?" 

Prof.  Kennedy:  It  was  all  they  would  eat  in  a  given  time  and 
it  has  given  very  good  results. 

"Would  you  decrease  the  amount  of  meat  meal  provided  you 
have  plent}^  of  skim  milk?" 

Prof.  Kennedy :  If  you  have  skinmied  milk,  don 't  feed  meat  meal 
at  all.  Every  man  should  grow  everything  he  can  on  the  farm  and 
if  you  have  skimmed  milk  that  is  the  best  thing  to  use. 

"Skimmed  milk  is  rich  in  protein  is  it  not?" 

Prof.  Kennedy:  Yes.  If  you  have  skimmed  milk  with  forage, 
don't  feed  meat  meal  or  tankage.  Feed  ear  corn  to  the  younger 
pigs.     The  man  who  has  skimmed  milk  is  very  fortunate. 

"What  about  middlings  and  shorts?" 

Prof.  Kennedy :  Both  are  exceptionally  good  feeds  but  a  hundred 
pounds  of  shorts  contains  twelve  and  a  half  pounds  of  protein  and 
meat  meal  contains  four  times  as  much  protein.  Shorts  are  always 
good  and  middlings  are  always  good  if  you  can  get  them  cheap 
enough.  The  question  is  whether  you  could  afford  to  feed  mid- 
dlings or  shorts.  We  have  tried  it  and  could  not  make  it  pay.  I 
am  speaking  more  from  the  commercial  standpoint.  Our  best  re- 
sults were  from  meat  meal  and  corn. 

"How  about  a  half  a  stand  of  corn  and  rape  for  hogging  down?" 

Prof.  Kennedy:  We  have  never  had  a  half  a  stand  here.  You 
will  not  have  as  much  rape  with  a  whole  stand  of  corn,  ^'he  best 
results  we  have  had  from  a  hogging  down  standpoint  was  when  we 
sowed  rye  when  we  were  laying  the  corn  by.  Hogging  down  is  a 
good  way  to  handle  the  corn  corp. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VIII  473 

PUBLIC  SALES. 

MR.  C.  E.  LUTHEE,  GRAND  JUNCTION,  IOWA. 

"This  public  sale  question  means  a  good  deal  to  a  good  many  people. 
I  suppose  this  subject  of  'Public  Sales'  means  the  difference  between 
public  sales  and  private  sales.  I  think  a  private  sale  is  a  good  thing 
some  times  providing  you  can  sell  your  property  readily  and  quickly.  A 
great  many  times  in  the  fall  and  winter  a  farmer  will  have  a  bunch  of  hogs 
advertised  in  all  the  newspapers  in  Iowa  to  sell  at  private  sale.  He  will 
say,  'I  have  so  many  gilts  or  males  that  I  will  sell  at  so  many  dollars.' 
Some  of  these  men  will  close  out  and  some  will  not.  They  have  paid  for 
advertising  and  worked  hard  all  fall  and  winter  and  maybe  missed  a 
chance  to  go  out  and  buy  some  good  hogs  for  themselves.  The  man  who 
sells  at  private  sale  has  to  stay  at  home  in  order  to  catch  the  buyer  and 
he  will  work  all  year  to  sell  those  hogs. 

"If  he  has  a  public  sale  he  will  close  them  out  in  one  day.  Sometimes 
he  has  something  left  on  his  hands  but  as  a  rule  if  a  man  has  a  public 
sale  he  sells  everything  in  one  day.  Perhaps  he  don't  get  as  much  money 
but  he  gets  it  all  at  once,  and  it  comes  handier  to  pay  off  bills  with  than 
if  it  came  in  little  sums. 

"A  public  sale  is  a  great  thing  to  think  about.  Sometimes  a  man  makes 
a  mistake  in  making  his  public  sale  and  sometimes  the  auctioneer  makes 
a  mistake.  An  auctioneer  may  go  to  conduct  a  sale  where  there  will  be  a 
large  crowd  and  he  thinks  he  is  going  to  make  a  great  success  of  that 
sale  but  if  he  don't  know  how  to  handle  the  hogs  he  will  make  a  failure 
and  then  perhaps  the  very  next  day  go  to  a  small  crowd  and  when  he 
gets  through  everything  will  be  satisfactory.  It  depends  sometimes  on 
the  man  who  is  having  the  sale — whether  he  has  been  honest  with  the 
breeders  in  the  past — whether  he  has  made  good  his  statements.  When 
a  man  is  having  a  public  sale  if  he  makes  a  statement  that  he  will  do  so 
and  so,  I  say  he  must  make  the  statement  good  not  by  his  word  alone 
but  by  his  honor  and  it  will  have  the  right  effect  on  his  next  sale.  But 
if  a  man  makes  a  sale  and  makes  statements  that  he  don't  fulfill,  that 
makes  a  difference.  I  know  of  instances  where  men  have  bought  hogs  and 
when  they  got  them  home  they  were  not  at  all  as  they  should  be  or  as  they 
were  represented.  Perhaps  the  man  who  sold  the  hog  don't  know  it  and 
perhaps  he  does.  He  will  tell  you  he  did  not  know  it,  and  sometimes  he 
don't,  but  that  is  a  mighty  poor  thing  for  a  man  making  a  public  sale. 
A  man  may  say  he  has  hogs  with  large  litters,  twelve  or  fifteen  to  the 
litter.  I  don't  believe  there  is  a  sow  living  that  raised  fifteen  pigs.  I 
never  had  one  raise  more  than  eight  or  nine  and  raise  them  right.  She 
may  have  had  that  many  pigs,  but  did  she  raise  that  many.  That  is  the 
point  a  man  wants  to  make.  Be  careful  when  you  make  these  state- 
ments and  make  them  in  a  way  that  you  can  substantiate  them. 

"After  your  sale  is  over  don't  be  months  getting  out  your  pedigrees. 
That  hurts  a  public  sale.  You  can  all  have  public  sales  if  you  will  do 
as  you  ought  to  do.  When  a  man  has  a  sale  he  should  say  to  the  auction- 
eer to  make  only  statements  that  are  true,  to  do  all  he  can  do  to  sell 
the  stuff  honestly  and  if  he  can't  sell  it  for  what  it  is  worth  to  take  what 


474  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

he  can  get.  An  auctioneer  can't  be  crooked  and  a  farmer  can't  be  crooked 
and  make  a  good  sale.  Another  thing  that  shouldn't  be  done  is  bidding 
up  to  get  high  prices,  or  boosting.  The  stock  should  be  sold  for  what  it 
is  worth. 

"I  believe  our  sales  will  be  better  this  year.  I  believe  that  the  farmers 
and  breeders  are  looking  for  good  hogs  this  season.  Prices  have  gone  up  a 
little  and  there  are  very  few  pigs.  We  had  bad  weather  in  the  spring  and 
pigs  are  scarce.  I  think  you  will  find  that  hogs  will  be  high  and  sales 
will  be  good  this  winter. 

"If  a  man  is  dishonest  he  can't  make  a  good  sale.  You  all  know  that 
if  you  go  to  a  man's  sale  and  you  know  he  is  honest  you  will  bid  your 
heads  off  but  if  you  know  he  is  not  honest  you  won't  bid.  One  sale  I  went 
to,  when  we  went  down  to  the  tent  there  were  only  seven  men  there.  I 
said  we  couldn't  have  any  sale  but  the  man  said  we  would  try  it  and  we 
sold  the  entire  offering  and  got  an  average  of  $38  a  head  and  only  fifteen 
people  there.  That  man  was  honest,  he  said  the  hogs  were  so  and  so  and 
he  knew  those  men  were  there  to  buy  his  stuff,  and  buy  it  at  what  it  was 
worth.  If  a  man  talks  boosting,  kill  it  right  down.  It  will  help  the  public 
sales.  I  don't  expect  to  sell  all  the  hogs  this  year  but  I  expect  to  sell  them 
on  the  square." 


VENTILATION  AND  CARE  OF  WINTER  PIGS. 

PROF.    C.    F.    CURTISS,    AMES,    IOWA. 

"One  point  I  should  emphasize  regarding  the  fall  pig  is  to  have  them 
come  as  early  as  possible  so  they  will  be  pretty  good  and  thrifty  before 
winter  comes  on.  I  believe  that  is  half  the  battle  right  there.  If  they 
are  late  they  will  have  a  hard  time  getting  through  the  winter  no  mat- 
ter what  care  and  protection  you  give  them.  If  you  have  the  pigs  come 
early  in  the  fall  so  that  they  get  two  or  three  months  growth  before  the 
severe  winter  sets  in,  and  handle  them  in  such  a  way  that  they  get  a 
good  start,  when  winter  comes  half  your  troubles  will  be  over.  Of  course 
it  is  necessary  to  provide  good  quarters.  The  quarters  need  to  be  better 
than  for  mature  hogs  because  they  will  not  stand  cold  and  exposure  as 
well.  Then,  as  has  been  suggested  by  this  subject,  you  need  to  provide  for 
good  ventilation.  The  ordinary  hog  house  is  sometimes  unsatisfactory. 
Ordinarily  if  you  have  not  a  large  enough  bunch  to  fill  the  house  or  to 
occupy  the  quarters  that  you  have,  the  old  fashioned  method  of  a  good 
sleeping  place  in  the  straw  pile,  properly  protected,  or  in  a  banked  barn 
or  some  place  of  that  kind  where  you  can  have  a  temperature  that  will 
afford  comfort  is  often  more  satisfactory  than  the  ordinary  hog  buildings. 
Many  of  the  hog  buildings  are  not  warm  enough  for  such  conditions  as 
you  have  with  the  fall  pigs.  Some  breeders  have  resorted  to  the  old 
method  of  the  rail  pen  in  the  straw  pile.  That  is  a  pretty  good  place 
if  they  can  go  in  far  enough  to  be  warm.  Ordinarily  we  have  got  away 
from  the  straw  pile  method  but  it  still  has  some  advantages.  Another 
important  thing  is  the  bedding.  There  ought  to  be  plenty  of  clean  bedding 
and  it  should  be  changed  often  enough  to  avoid  skin  diseases  and  troubles 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VIII  475 

that  come  to  the  fall  pigs  and  particularly  the  late  fall  pigs.  The  bedding 
should  be  clean  and  fresh  and  it  ought  to  be  of  rye  straw  if  you  have  it 
or  something  that  does  not  accumulate  dust  and  chaff. 

"If  the  pigs  do  not  have  suitable  quarters  that  are  sufficiently  warm  and 
well  ventilated,  a  good  place  to  feed  and  good  bedding,  the  chances  are 
not  favorable  for  the  late  fall  pig.  A  good  many  men  figure  that  the  fall 
pig  is  not  of  any  account.  He  is  not  of  a  great  deal  account  unless  he 
comes  fairly  early,  starts  into  the  winter  thrifty  and  in  a  good  condition, 
and  unless  he  can- be  carried  through  in  a  fairly  thrifty  condition.  Some- 
times the  fall  pigs  come  out  in  the  spring  not  much  larger  than  in  the 
fall.  On  the  other  hand,  if  the  breeder  takes  pains  to  have  them  start 
well  and  gives  them  good  quarters,  good  bedding,  and  so  on,  they  can  be 
carried  through  the  winter  in  good  condition,  make  a  good  growth  and 
grow  rapidly  when  warm  weather  comes  in  the  spring.  Of  course  you 
seldom  get  the  same  growth  with  fall  pigs  as  you  do  with  spring  pigs. 
You  will  sacrifice  some  at  best  in  this  climate  but  you  will  make  up  a  good 
part  of  that  if  you  can  carry  the  pigs  through  the  winter  and  into  spring 
thrifty.    People  that  live  further  south  do  not  have  this  difficulty. 

"Now  with  reference  to  the  feed.  Probably  you  would  not  vary  that  a 
great  deal  from  what  you  would  furnish  to  the  spring  farrowed  pig.  Of 
course  you  cannot  have  all  the  feed  that  you  would  have  for  the  spring 
pig  because  you  lack  the  pasture  and  green  feed  but  you  would  feed 
about  the  same  grain  ration  and  if  you  can  have  alfalfa  that  will  per- 
haps be  the  best  substitute,  with  roots  if  you  can  have  them,  for  the  green 
succulent  feed  of  summer  time.  Not  many  farmers  have  roots.  A  good 
many  have  alfalfa  and  the  number  is  increasing.  It  may  be  used  in  the 
hog  ration  v,^ith  good  results. 

"One  thing  that  should  be  avoided  I  think  in  the  matter  of  feeding  is 
taking  out  of  a  warm  bed  and  feeding  in  the  open  where  they  get  cold.  If 
they  have  a  bedding  place  v/here  they  are  warm,  and  particularly  if  the 
ventilation  is  not  satisfactory,  and  then  come  out  into  the  cold  air  at 
feeding  time,  you  might  almost  as  well  knock  your  pigs  in  the  head  be- 
cause you  will  not  get  through  with  satisfactory  results.  It  does  not  cost 
much  more  to  furnish  suitable  quarters  and  ventilation  and  satisfactory 
feeding  place  as  well  as  sleeping  place.  If  you  are  going  to  raise  fall  pigs 
at  all  they  have  to  be  raised  right.  Nothing  will  lose  money  faster  than 
pigs  carried  over  the  winter  without  making  any  growth.  Pigs  necessarily 
require  a  heavy  feeding  bill  and  if  they  don't  make  any  growth  you  can 
lose  money  pretty  fast  in  the  hog  business.  If  you  can  carry  them  through 
in  a  thrifty  condition  and  make  up  the  growth  in  the  spring  they  will 
give  quite  as  good  and  sometimes  more  satisfactory  results  than  those 
farrowed  in  the  spring. 

"One  thing  in  favor  of  the  fall  pig,  by  that  I  mean  the  early  fall  pig, 
is  that  he  usually  finishes  and  goes  into  the  market  at  a  more  valuable 
time  as  far  as  prices  are  concerned  than  the  spring  pig." 

DISCUSSION. 

"Will  you  say  a  word  about  ensilairc  for  fall  pigs?" 

Prof.  Curti?-s:     I  cannot  say  from  any  experience  we  have  had 


476  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

here  but  I  think  it  might  be  used  to  a  certain  extent  in  the  ration 
to  good  advantage.  On  the  whole,  however,  I  think  you  would  get 
better  results  from  alfalfa.  The  ensilage  will  serve  as  part  of  the 
ration  and  to  some  extent  suply  the  succulence  in  the  ration.  It 
has  been  used  for  brood  sows  to  considerable  extent  and  we  might 
rely  on  it  to  some  extent  for  the  succulence  but  not  for  growth  and 
development  for  the  pigs. 

''Have  you  had  any  experience  with  pumpkins?" 
Prof.  Curtiss :  Nothing  better  as  long  as  they  last  but  that  is  only 
for  a  limited  time.  They  constitute  one  of  the  good  things  of  the 
farm  that  every  hog  raiser  ought  to  grow.  You  cannot  rely  upon 
them  for  the  main  part  of  the  ration  but  to  supplement  corn  and 
other  grain  feeds  they  serve  an  excellent  purpose.  There  is  a 
common  impression  that  the  pumpkin  seeds  have  a  tendency  to  elim- 
inate worms.  I  know  that  they  do  tend  to  put  pigs  into  thrifty 
condition  better  than  most  any  other  feed  you  can  use  at  that  time 
of  the  year.  You  cannot  keep  them  on  hand  throughout  the  entire 
winter.  You  can  use  them  in  the  fall  and  store  them  for  a  time 
but  they  will  not  keep  for  any  great  length  of  time. 

''Wliat  would  you  suggest  along  the  line  of  ventilation  T ' 
Prof.  Curtiss:  The  same  principle  that  applies  to  the  ventila- 
tion of  all  barns.  There  is  too  little  attention  paid  to  the  ventila- 
tion and  the  lighting  of  our  farm  buildings  in  general.  Perhaps 
that  is  true  of  hog  barns  more  than  any  other.  The  lighting  is 
very  simple  and  it  pays  to  have  plenty  of  it.  In  the  matter  of 
ventilation,  the  ventilating  chutes  extending  from  the  floor  to  the 
roof  will  furnish  fairly  good  ventilation.  The  system  used  in  ven- 
tilating dairy  barns  can  be  used  but  it  may  be  simplified  in  the 
hog  barns.  There  should  be,  however,  the  ventilating  chutes  and 
other  means  of  admitting  air  without  a  draft. 
''Is  it  not  true  that  straw  is  a  natural  ventilator?" 
"Yes,  you  get  naturally  a  great  deal  of  ventilation  there  although 
you  can  have  straw  shelter  and  have  it  so  close  that  you  lack  ven- 
tilation with  that  but  straw  walls  and  straw  covering  do  naturally 
furnish  much  ventilation.  The  rail  pens  covered  with  straw  are 
all  right  provided  you  do  not  have  too  many  hogs  in  the  enclosure. 
One  point  is  that  we  ought  not  to  keep  too  many  pigs  in  the  same 
sleeping  quarters.  Divide  them  and  keep  not  more  than  twelve  or 
fifteen  together  so  that  they  cannot  pile  up.  A  great  deal  of  trouble 
comes  from  hogs  piling  up  and  getting  heated  and  steaming,  espe- 
cially when  they  are  fed  out  in  the  cold  where  they  are  exposed." 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VIII      477 
THE  PROFITABLE  TYPE  OF  HOG  FOR  FARMER  AND  BREEDER. 

T.    F.    LUTHER,    GRAND   JUNCTION,    IOWA. 

"A  great  many  of  you  have  heard  me  talk  before  on  this  subject  of  the 
profitable  hog  for  the  breeder  and  for  the  farmer  to  raise  and  the  older  I 
grow  in  the  business  the  more  I  am  convinced  that  the  profitable  hog  for 
the  farmer  is  the  profitable  hog  for  the  breeder.  I  am  sorry  to  say  that  a 
great  many  of  the  farmers  and  breeders  of  Iowa  and  sister  states  would 
have  been  a  whole  lot  better  off  for  the  last  few  years  if  they  had  raised 
pork  instead  of  breeding  for  the  fancy  hog.  I  like  style  and  class  among 
hogs  but  it  seems  that  we  have  been  going  backward  instead  of  forward. 
The  Poland  China  men  discovered  it  some  time  back  and  they  have  gone 
to  breeding  size  and  they  have  won.  The  Chester  White  men  have  been 
breeding  more  for  size  and  weight  than  for  the  fancy  ear  and  fancy  eye 
and  the  Duroc  men  have  talked  the  large  type  for  the  last  four  or  five 
years  but  many  have  gone  backward  in  the  matter  of  size. 

"I  have  attended  every  state  fair  for  the  last  twenty-nine  years  and 
you  all  know  that  there  has  been  a  great  deal  of  change  in  the  style  and 
size  of  hogs  in  that  time. 

"The  time  is  past  for  the  smaller  hogs.  I  feel  that  with  the  high  price 
of  land  and  everything  that  goes  on  the  farm  that  we  ought  to  have  a 
hog  and  try  to  raise  a  hog  that  will  weigh  300  to  350  pounds  at  a  year  old, 
that  will  finish  nicely.  We  have  been  breeding  for  a  nicer  ear  and  head, 
better  feet  and  loin  and  ham  and  back  and  we  have  been  after  the  better 
hog  and  we  have  it  but  we  have  to  keep  the  size  as  well.  The  end  of 
every  hog  is  the  pork  barrel  and  the  farmer  wants  the  sow  and  male  that 
will  produce  a  hog  that  will  go  onto  the  scale  and  weigh  three  hundred 
or  three  hundred  and  fifty  or  even  four  hundred  pounds  at  a  year  old.  If 
a  farmer  is  feeding  the  same  amount  of  feed  to  a  hog  weighing  250 
pounds  as  to  one  weighing  350  the  balance  don't  compare  with  the  right 
side  of  the  ledger. 

"With  regard  to  breeding  stock  for  the  man  selling  at  public  auction. 
There  have  been  too  many  immature  sows  sold  at  public  auction.  I  be- 
lieve no  gilt  should  go  into  the  sale  ring  that  don't  weigh  three  hundred 
pounds.  It  can  be  done.  There  is  no  farmer  but  can  with  proper  care 
and  handling  and  proper  feeding — and  not  over-feeding  either — make  his 
gilts  weigh  three  hundred  pounds  at  a  year  old  if  he  has  the  right  kind 
of  breeding  stock.  As  I  have  said,  the  ultimate  end  of  every  pig  is  the 
pork  barrel  and  what  it  will  weigh.  If  you  go  to  a  public  sale  you  want 
a  nice  large  gilt,  one  with  scale  and  style,  and  with  a  good  ear  and  eye." 


Mr.  H.  S.  Allen  of  Russell,  Iowa,  was  on  the  program  for  a  paper 
on  the  subject  "Fitting  for  the  Show."  Mr.  Allen  was  unable  to 
be  present  but  he  forwarded  an  article  which  treated  the  question 
with  the  utmost  brevity.  His  principal  points  were  the  selection 
of  animals  with  merit  and  a  course  of  treatment  that  would  lead 
to  their  development.     Evidently  he  looked  upon  the  matter  as 


478^  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

one  on  which  every  man  present  would  be   fully  posted,   so   no 
secrets  were  revealed.     No  discussion  was  given  to  the  subject. 


FEEDING  THE  BROOD   SOW. 

PROF.   JOHN  M.  E^^ARD,  AMES,  IOWA. 

"The  subject  for  discussion  is  the  brood  sow  and  her  feeding.  In  feed- 
ing the  brood  sow  we  realize,  as  we  do  in  other  methods  of  feeding  in  the 
corn  belt,  that  corn  is  the  premier  food  and  thus  the  problem  is  one  of 
finding  a  suitable  supplement  to  corn  because  corn  furnishes  nutrients, 
the  heat  formers  and  some  of  the  ash  at  a  lower  price  than  any  other 
food  it  is  possible  to  raise.  Corn  is  not  complete  in  itself.  It  lacks  three 
elements  which  are  essential  to  the  growth  and  well  being  of  animals. 
One  is  protein,  which  goes  to  form  muscle,  brain,  nerve  tissue,  hair, 
horn,  etc.  The  other  two  ingredients  w^hich  are  lacking  are  calcium  and 
sulphur.  Calcium  comprises  about  forty  per  cent  of  the  dry  matter  of 
bone.  It  is  impossible  to  make  bone  unless  we  have  calcium  and  corn 
is  very  deficient  in  this  bone  building  element.  In  phosphorus  corn  is 
rich  and  we  do  not  have  to  w^orry  about  this,  which  is  the  other  principal 
bone  forming  element.  Most  of  the  substances  w^e  use  with  corn  contain  an 
abundance  of  sulphur. 

"In  order  to  determine  what  rations  were  best  we  took  up  the  problem 
determining  the  cost  of  the  ration  and  its  efficiency  as  judged  by  the  off- 
spring which  were  produced.  It  is  not  alone  sufficient  that  we  should 
have  a  cheap  ration  in  getting  the  sow  through  the  winter.  The  mere 
price  of  food  stuffs  determines  whether  or  not  they  are  efficient  in  car- 
rying the  sow  through  the  winter  but  their  effect  on  the  offspring  de- 
termines whether  they  would  be  used. 

"First  we  take  up  feeding  of  the  animals  at  pregnancy.  In  1910  we 
kept  track  of  the  sows,  weighing  every  ten  days,  and  when  the  offspring 
came  in  the  spring  we  found  that  the  fourteen  sows  which  were  gaining 
the  heaviest  at  the  time  pregnation  occurred  farrow^ed  seven  or  eight 
pigs.  The  others  gave  birth  to  more  than  a  pig  less.  The  lightest  gave 
birth  to  seven  and  a  half  pigs  exactly.  The  lesson  to  be  learned  is  this. 
Tliat  the  sow  at  breeding  time  should  be  given  a  good  healthy,  vigorous 
ration.  I  mean  one  which  will  produce  vigor.  In  other  words,  keep  the 
sow  going — have  her  gaining  well  at  that  time.  She  will  be  more  likely 
to  farrow  more  live  pigs.  Sheep  men  for  ages  have  believed  in  the  prac- 
tice of  flushing  at  breeding  time.  They  have  believed  that  this  would 
produce  more  twin  lambs  at  birth  and  w^e  believe  that  they  are  right. 
Corn  was  the  basis  of  all  our  experiments  along  this  line." 

The  following  tables  give  the  results  obtained  in  experiments  of  feeding 
brood  sows: 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VHI 


479 


WINTERING  GILTS  1!)10-1911 


Ration 


£1 

""a 
s  o 

03  O 

Q 


0)73 

83  q 


a>  c  I  a>  *: 


>  ft 


Vigor  of 
Pigs 


Ear  corn   alone  

Ear  corn  and  1-30  meat  meal 

Ear  corn  and  4-30  meat  meal 

Ear  corn,    oats,    bran,    middlings   and   oil 
meal  — 


Ear  corn,  chopped  clover  and  middlings. 

Ear  corn  and  clover  in  rack 

Ear  corn  and   alfalfa   in   rack 


3.65 
3.21 
■2.7 


2.73 

3.78 
3.67 

3.74 


.000 

.127 
.432 

1.07 
1.56  CI. 
.26  M. 

.302 
1.106 


.361 

7.6 

13.2 

1.74 

.582 

7.4 

14.9 

2.01 

.636 

8.8 

19.6 

2.13 

.250 

10.6 

19.5 

1.84 

.58 

7. 

15.3 

2.19 

.528 

6.4 

14.2 

2.21 

.627 

7.6 

17.4 

2.29 

83 


.29 
.07 
.13 

.45 

.35 
.13 
.19 


WINTEIBING  YEARLING  SOWS  1911-1912. 
4  lots  10  sows  each 


Ear  corn  alone  1  — 

Ear  corn  and  1-10  meat  meal- 
Ear  corn  and  \  oil  meal 

Ear  corn  and  alfalfa 


5.31 

.000 

.70 

9.2 

17. 

1.82 

41 

24 

4.22 

.51 

.84 

10.1 

24. 

2.41 

85 

9 

4.11 

1.22 

.70 

8.8 

19.5 

2.22 

76 

9 

5.23 

.32 

.67 

9.9 

17.5 

1.77 

38 

24 

.19 
.19 
.61 
.27 


WINTERING  GILT'S  1911-1912 
4  lots  5  sows  each 


Ear  corn  alone 

Ear  corn  and  1-10  meat  meal 

Ear  corn  and  i  oil  meal 

Ear  corn  and  alfalfa 


3.95 

.000 

.52 

5.6 

11.2 

2. 

80 

11 

3.07 

.37 

.57 

8.4 

18.1 

2.19 

90 

2 

3.59 

.80 

.58 

8.4 

15.1 

1.79 

74 

5 

4.11 

.20 

.57 

9. 

17.3 

1.92 

50 

7 

.19 
.50 


.20 


"The  sows  in  the  yearling  lot,  1911-1912,  were  the  same  sows  as  those 
used  in  the  experiments  of  the  previous  year  and  the  gilts  in  the  1911- 
1912  lot  were  the  daughters  of  the  sows  used  in  the  previous  experiment. 
We  found  that  the  old  sows  ate  more  corn  than  the  young  ones.  Toward 
the  last  the  fourth  lot  in  the  yearling  sow  experiment  refused  to  eat  the 
alfalfa  and  it  was  practically  the  same  as  the  first  lot.  Old  sows  can  get 
along  on  corn  better  than  the  young  ones  in  so  far  as  their  own  needs 
are  concerned. 

"The  size,  the  vigor  of  the  pig,  the  bone  of  the  pig,  and  the  general 
make-up  are  affected  more  or  less  by  the  ration  which  the  sow  receives. 
You  will  wonder  why  the  oil  meal  lot  in  the  gilt  experiment  fell  down. 
They  refused  to  eat  the  oil  meal  during  the  last  sixty  days  of  pregnancy. 
Why  that  is  I  do  not  know.  The  old  sows  ate  the  oil  meal  but  the  young 
sows  would  not  and  as  soon  as  they  quit  they  began  to  lose.  Even  if  a 
sow  is  eating  alfalfa  she  should  have  some  meat  meal  or  tankage  along 
with  it. 

"As  has  been  said,  corn  is  lacking  in  calcium  and  in  protein.  Now, 
where  does  the  sow  get  these  elements  if  she  does  not  have  them  in  her 
feed?  She  robs  her  own  body  and  puts  it  into  her  offspring.  So  in  car- 
ing for  the  brood  sows  during  the  winter  it  is  well  to  mix  up  a  little  senti- 


480  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTUUfi 

ment  and  not  have  them  whining  around  for  something  they  need  and 
don't  have.    It  will  be  good  from  the  financial  side  as  well." 

DISCUSSION. 

"Do  you  increase  the  meat  meal  or  decrease  the  corn  during 
farrowing  time?" 

Prof.  Eward:  We  keep  the  ration  the  same.  You  could  in- 
crease the  meat  meal  a  little  during  the  last  half  of  the  time 
because  ninety  per  cent  of  the  dry  matter  of  the  fetus  is  made  in  the 
last  half  of  gestation.  We  found  that  the  gilts  getting  meat  meal 
farrowed  stronger  pigs  but  they  also  farrowed  a  little  bit  sooner. 
The  period  of  gestation  was  lessened  about  a  day,  with  better 
rations  they  farrowed  a  little  sooner. 

''How  did  these  rations  affect  the  sows  from  the  suckling  stand- 
point?" 

''In  the  gilt  lot  1910-1911,  the  lot  on  ear  corn  kept  on  receiv- 
ing ear  corn  after  farrowing  and  these  pigs  at  weaning  time  weighed 
sixty-seven  pounds.  The  second  lot  got  one-thirtieth  meat  meal 
and  did  quite  well.  Lot  three  did  very  well  but  the  meat  meal 
was  a  little  rich  for  the  pigs  so  it  is  better  to  make  up  a  ration 
in  which  the  meat  meal  is  not  allowed  to  get  into  the  little  pigs 
directly.  Lot  four  did  very  well  but  not  so  well  as  lot  three. 
Lots  five,  six  and  seven  were  all  fed  corn  and  alfalfa  and  they  did 
moderately  well.  Last  year  we  took  all  of  these  lots  and  after 
farrowing  time  gave  them  a  ration  composed  of  seventy  parts  corn, 
ten  parts  meat  meal  or  tankage,  ten  parts  middlings,  five  parts 
bran,  two  parts  oil  meal,  one  part  salt,  one  part  bone  flour  and  one 
part  lime  stone  dust.  This  did  very  well.  The  corn  is  fed  soaked 
in  season  and  in  the  winter  time  ground  and  fed  as  a  slop." 

"Is  it  advisable  to  reduce  the  feed  at  weaning  time?" 

Prof.  Eward :  We  reduce  the  feed  to  practically  nothing  the  day 
we  take  the  pigs  away.    Then  after  a  day  or  two  start  feeding  again. 

"How  would  you  feed  this  meat  meal  to  the  pigs?" 

Prof.  Eward:  We  give  them  the  meat  meal  before  they  have 
the  corn.  Make  it  in  the  form  of  a  warai  slop.  It  is  very  impor- 
tant that  they  don't  get  an  over-dose.  Every  pig  should  get  what 
is  coming  to  him  and  no  more. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VIII  481 

VACCINATING. 

DR.    STANCE.   AMES,    IOWA. 

"To  begin  with  I  would  like  to  explain  something  of  the  basis  upon  which 
this  vaccination  works.  You  understand  the  diphtheria  antitoxin  used  for 
human  beings  and  have  heard  more  or  less  about  the  tetanus  antitoxin 
used  for  lock  jaw.  The  idea  in  all  of  these  methods  is  that  an  animal 
that  has  recovered  from  any  one  of  the  contagious  diseases  is  immune  to 
these  diseases  afterwards.  We  have  some  diseases  in  the  human  being 
which  after  a  person  recovers  will  not  attack  that  individual  a  second 
time.     Small  pox  is  a  good  example  of  that. 

"Now  we  find  that  a  hog  that  has  recovered  from  hog  cholera  will  not 
ordinarily  contract  the  disease  a  second  time.  This  encouraged  us  to 
think  that  sometime  we  would  be  able  to  produce  a  serum  which  would 
protect  hogs  against  this  disease. 

"For  a  number  of  years  there  was  some  question. of  doubt  in  regard 
to  the  cause  of  hog  cholera.  It  was  supposed  to  be  caused  by  a  germ 
similar  to  the  typhoid  baccillus  which  causes  typhoid  in  man.  However, 
it  was  found  that  the  actual  cause  of  the  disease  was  a  virus,  which  we 
think  we  know  is  a  germ  so  small  that  it  can  not  be  seen  and  which  will 
pass  through  the  pores  of  a  porcelain  filter.  We  can  take  the  blood  from 
an  affected  animal,  filter  it,  inject  it  into  a  healthy  hog  and  produce  the 
disease  in  that  hog.  There  is  a  disease  in  cattle  which  is  called  Rinder- 
pest, a  tropical  disease,  which  is  caused  by  a  virus  which  acts  in  very  much 
the  same  manner  and  the  noted  Dr.  Kock  worked  out  a  method  of  vac- 
cinating animals  which  we  applied  to  hog  cholera  and  found  to  be  suc- 
cessful. We  have,  then,  a  cause  which  is  fairly  definitely  known  and  a 
method  of  vaccinating  animals  which  has  been  quite  successful,  although 
it  is  to  some  extent  in  the  experimental  stage  and  there  are  a  great  many 
things  which  are  not  just  as  they  should  be.  We  have  not  mastered  all 
of  the  problems  in  connection  with  this  disease. 

"Taking  the  method  of  vaccination,  I  will  go  over  it  briefiy.  We  have 
two  methods.  One  is  called  the  serum  alone  and  the  other  the  serum 
simultaneous  method.  One  is  a  temporary  protection  and  the  other  a 
more  permanent  and  lasting  protection  against  the  disease.  In  the  one 
case  the  animal  body  takes  no  active  part  in  protecting  itself  against  the 
disease,  while  in  the  other  case  the  animal  body  itself  must  produce  sub- 
stances which  protect  it  against  the  germ. 

"To  produce  the  serum  we  produce  hog  cholera  in  healthy  animals, 
preferably  young  pigs  weighing  thirty  to  forty  pounds.  When  they  be- 
come sick  we  bleed  them  and  inject  that  disease  producing  blood  into 
hogs  which  have  recovered  from  the  disease  or  that  have  been  immunized 
by  the  simultaneous  method.  This  increases  the  resistance  to  a  great 
extent.  I  have  myself  injected  sufficient  disease  producing  blood  into 
one  hog  to  kill  about  a  hundred  hogs  at  one  dose,  so  that  you  see  an  ani- 
mal that  is  immune  to  hog  cholera  will  resist  enormous  doses  of  disease 
producing  blood.  Then  after  about  ten  days  we  bleed  this  animal  that 
has  received  this  large  quantity  of  disease  producing  blood  and  that  blood 

31 


482  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

is  what  we  ordinarily  call  the  serum.  It  contains  a  substance  which  will 
protect  other  hogs  against  cholera  when  it  is  injected  in  small  doses,  that 
is,  about  two-thirds  of  an  ounce  for  a  hog  weighing  a  hundred  pounds. 
When  you  use  this  serum  on  a  hog  that  has  never  had  hog  cholera,  that 
hog  does  not  take  part  in  producing  those  substances  because  you  in- 
ject them  into  its  body  after  they  have  been  produced  by  another  hog. 
Consequently  it  is  not  lasting  and  when  all  this  substance  has  been  elim- 
inated the  hog  will  take  hog  cholera  again.  But  when  it  is  exposed  to 
hog  cholera  it  must  overcome  that  infection  and  take  some  active  part  in 
overcoming  the  disease  and  in  that  case  you  have  lasting  immunity.  So 
we  have  the  two  methods  which  consist  of  serum  and  serum  and  dis- 
ease producing  blood. 

"In  regard  to  the  indications  for  the  two  methods.  Of  course  circum- 
stances will  vary  on  different  farms  and  in  different  outbreaks  but  I 
think  the  most  successful  method  is  being  carried  out  in  Ohio.  There 
they  go  into  the  herd  and  take  the  temperature  of  every  hog.  The  hogs 
that  show  a  rise  of  temperature,  indicating  that  they  are  infected,  get  a 
dose  of  serum  alone.  All  those  with  a  normal  temperature,  indicating 
that  if  they  are  infected  the  disease  has  not  made  much  headway,  get  a 
dose  of  virulent  blood  and  serum  and  in  that  way  they  confer  lasting  im- 
munity on  all  animals  that  are  treated. 

"Results  vary  a  great  deal.  Just  why  this  is  I  do  not  know.  There  are 
so  many  factors  to  take  into  consideration  in  the  manufacture  of  the 
serum,  the  keeping  of  it,  and  the  intelligent  use  of  it  that  it  is  hard  to 
say  just  where  the  fault  is  but  it  is  quite  easy  to  make  a  little  mistake 
or  get  a  faulty  test  on  the  serum.  It  must  be  tested  after  it  is  drawn 
from  the  animal  because  some  hogs  do  not  produce  a  good  serum.  In 
order  to  test  it  you  take  varying  quantities  and  inject  it  into  several  dif- 
ferent pigs,  each  receiving  a  different  sized  dose,  and  then  inject  disease 
producing  blood,  and  in  that  way  you  get  a  check  on  the  serum.  Some- 
times you  get  very  strong  serum  and  sometimes  rather  weak. 

"Then  there  is  another  thing  that  has  come  to  our  attention  a  number 
of  times  and  that  is  that  where  you  have  an  old  outbreak  of  hog  cholera 
where  say  fifty  per  cent  of  the  animals  have  died,  you  usually  do  not  get 
very  good  results.  In  that  case  most  of  the  animals  are  suffering  from  the 
disease  and  you  hardly  ever  get  satisfactory  results. 

"The  disease  can  be  checked  a  great  many  times  in  a  locality  by  the 
use  of  the  serum.  That  is,  if  one  farmer  has  cholera  in  his  herd  and  the 
neighbors  all  vaccinate  you  can  check  the  disease  in  that  way.  In  ad- 
dition to  vaccinating  I  always  advise  dividing  the  herd  into  small  lots 
and  taking  the  different  lots  to  different  parts  of  the  farm.  Then  use  the 
serum  and  simultaneous  method  if  you  know  you  have  good  serum.  The 
danger  comes  in  that  if  you  nave  not  good  serum  you  will  inoculate  your 
hogs  with  hog  cholera  and  you  may  lose  many  of  them.  Be  sure  that  the 
serum  is  absolutely  good." 

DISCUSSION. 

''Will  hogs  that  have  not  been  vaccinated  contract  the  disease 
from  those  that  have  been  vaccinated?" 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VIII  483 

Dr.  Stange:  Not  unless  the  hogs  that  have  been  vaccinated 
show  symptoms  of  the  disease.  They  should  not  show  symptoms. 
If  they  do,  it  shows  that  the  serum  was  not  sufficiently  potent. 

''How  are  you  going  to  find  outT' 

Dr.  Stange :  It  should  be  tested.  You  have  to  depend  upon 
th€  manufacturer  unless  you  want  to  experiment  yourself  and  test 
it  out  before  you  use  it.  I  understand  that  the  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry  at  Washington  has  in  mind  the  supervision  of  the  manu- 
facture of  the  serum.  This  has  all  been  worked  out  by  the  gov- 
ernment and  the  government  has  a  patent  on  this  method  so 
that  no  private  individual  can  get  a  patent  on  the  process  and 
exclude  all  other  manufacturers.  That  is  why  we  have  so  many 
serum  establishments  around  the  country.  Everyone  is  at  lib- 
erty to  do  so. 

"In  case  you  do  make  this  mistake  and  inoculate  your  herd  with 
hog  cholera,  what  is  the  proper  thing  to  do  theni" 

Dr.  Stange :  The  thing  to  do  then  is  to  get  some  serum  that  you 
know  is  good  as  soon  as  you  can  and  give  them  large  doses  of  it. 

''Do  you  give  them  the  double  treatment  all  at  the  same  time?" 

Dr.  Stange :  I  would  inject  the  blood  on  one  side  and  the  serum 
on  the  other  side.  Do  not  mix  it.  The  serum  has  very  few  if  any 
curative  properties — it  is  preventative.  You  can't  expect  to  cure 
many  hogs  with  the  serum. 

"If  you  try  to  keep  your  whole  herd  immunized,  when  do  you 
work  on  the  little  pigs?" 

Dr.  Stange :  About  the  time  they  weigh  frum  twenty  to  thirty 
pounds  or  about  weaning  time  unless  there  is  some  danger  of  the 
pigs  becoming  infected  with  hog  cholera  before  that  time.  They 
carry  the  immunity  for  considerable  time. 

"How  does  the  cholera  hog  look  on  the  inside?" 

Dr.  Stange:  The  disease  affects  the  kidneys,  the  bones,  the 
lymphatic  glands  and  the  skin.  The  bones  show  darkening  of  the 
marrow.  In  the  packing  house  when  a  hog  is  split  down  the 
center  you  can  see  the  marrow  of  the  spine  and  other  bones  looks 
black.  Then  the  skin  under  the  surface  of  the  body  gets  bluish 
or  blackish  and  often  you  can  see  this  before  the  animal  dies.  You 
do  not  want  to  mistake  that  for  the  black  discoloration  that  hogs 
have  after  they  die  and  lie  for  some  time.  When  hogs  have  cholera 
this  dark  color  is  usually  found  around  the  abdomen  and  around 
the  ears.  The  kidneys  are  spotted  and  look  as  though  you  took 
blood  on  the  finger  and  snapped  your  finger.     These  little  specks 


484  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

of  blood  show  all  through  the  kidneys.  The  lymphatic  glands  are 
small  glands  not  much  larger  in  a  healthy  animal  than  the  nail  on 
j^our  little  finger.  Usually  they  are  of  a  greenish  red  or  greenish 
color.  When  the  hog  has  cholera  these  glands  look  bloody  or  pur- 
plish or  black,  depending  upon  the  degree  of  infection.  Then  you 
will  find  in  the  more  chronic  cases  ulcers  around  the  blind  gut 
which  is  found  just  where  the  small  intestine  enters  the  larger  one. 
These  ulcers  vary.  They  may  be  very  small,  perhaps  not  larger 
than  the  end  of  a  pencil,  and  in  other  cases  they  are  very  numer- 
ous and  stand  up  in  the  shape  of  a  button.  They  are  greenish  or 
greenish  yellow.  In  hogs  that  die  in  a  few  days  after  being  in- 
fected these  do  not  show  at  all.  Sometimes  the  lungs  become  in- 
fected and  in  this  case  the  lungs  look  like  liver  and  become  firm 
like  meat.  Sometimes  you  find  the  bladder  affected.  The  urine 
from  the  hog  sick  with  hog  cholera  will  infect  animals  and  produce 
the  disease.     The  disease  is  spread  a  great  deal  in  this  way. 

''Will  this  vaccination  protect  from  swine  plague  the  same  as  it 
does   from   cholera  1 ' ' 

Dr.  Stange  :  There  is  some  question  as  to  whether  Ave  have  what 
we  call  swine  plague.  Opinions  have  changed  on  that.  It  used  to 
be  very  confusing.  Sometimes  there  would  be  lesions  in  the  intes- 
tines and  that  was  called  hog  cholera;  if  the  lesions  were  in  the 
lungs  it  was  called  swine- plague.  Protection  against  one  disease 
does  not  insure  protection  against  another.  We  know  that  a  hog 
that  has  had  hog  cholera  won't  have  it  again  and  we  have  not 
found  any  hogs  that  are  immune  to  hog  cholera  that  will  take 
what  we  used  to  call  swine  plague  so  we  have  come  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  we  have  only  one  disease  that  is  dangerous  from  a  plague 
standpoint  and  that  is  hog  cholera.  We  have  it  affecting  both  the 
lungs  and  the  intestines. 

"Some  breeders  have  accused  vaccination  of  causing  abortions 
and  small  pigs  at  birth." 

Dr.  Stange :  I  don't  believe  there  is  anything  in  that.  There  is 
one  thing  that  everyone  should  be  careful  about  and  that  is  to  be 
as  clean  as  possible.  Some  people  think  a  hog  can  stand  anything 
but  it  is  necessary  to  be  clean  because  you  will  get  some  bad 
results  if  you  are  not  careful.  Don't  pour  the  serum  out  and  let 
it  set  around  in  the  dust  in  the  shed.  Some  people  can't  account 
for  the  bad  results  they  get.  They  get  abscesses  and  three  or  four 
animals  will  die.     That  is  the  fault  of  the  man  who  is  doing  the 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  VIII  485 

work.  There  should  not  be  any  abscesses  if  the  serum  is  well 
made  and  properly  used. 

"Where  could  we  get  a  party  safe  to  depend  on  for  this  work!" 

Dr.  Stange:  I  don't  try  to  keep  track  of  these  firms  and  we 
have  no  check  on  their  work.  I  generally  recommend  the  state 
veterinarian.  He  has  an  appropriation  for  producing  hog  cholera 
serum  for  the  state  of  Iowa.  Of  course  the  past  year  he*  could 
liot  supply  the  demand.  When  a  man  is  doing  work  for  the  state 
that  way  about  his  only  object  is  to  produce  good  serum  and  I 
have  not  heard  any  complaints  from  the  serum  produced  by  the 
state. 

''Should  you  advise  the  breeder  to  vaccinate  a  herd  that  is 
doing  welH" 

Dr.  Stange :  I  never  advise  anybody  to  vaccinate  unless  he  is 
in  danger. 

"I  have  noticed  an  item  about  exhibiting  at  our  state  fair  that 
they  would  not  allow  any  swine  on  the  ground  that  were  not  vac- 
cinated. ' ' 

Dr.  Stange:  I  have  just  heard  that  and  do  not  know  if  it  is 
a  fact  or  not.  There  was  some  talk  last  year  of  forcing  every- 
body to  vaccinate.  The  idea  would  probably  be  to  give  them  the 
serum  alone  to  protect  them  while  they  were  at  the  fair.  That 
would  protect  them  for  from  one  to  three  weeks. 

"Does  the  state  law  prohibit  the  private  individual  from  using 
the  simultaneous  method?" 

Dr.  Stange :  No,  I  do  not  think  there  is  anything  in  the  law 
to  that  effect.  Any  individual  can  send  for  the  serum  and  use 
it.  I  think  they  advise  a  man  to  have  a  veterinarian  do  that  work 
l)ecause  you  are  dealing  with  disease  producing  material  but  it  is 
not  compulsory.  There  is  nothing  about  the  method  but  what  any 
intelligent  individual  can  do.  Cleanliness  is  the  main  part  of  it 
and  be  sure  that  your  serum  is  injected  in  sufficient  quantities. 

"Is  immunity  to  hog  cholera  transmitted?" 

Dr.  Stange :  No,  not  to  any  extent.  They  claim  that  when  the 
sow  is  vaccinated  in  a  late  stage  of  pregnancy  it  is  transmitted 
to  some  extent.  When  she  has  recovered  from  cholera  before  she 
becomes  pregnant  no  immunity  is  transmitted. 


486  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRiCULTURE 

EXPERT  JUDGE  ASSOCIATION. 

The  annual  session  of  the  National  Association  of  Expert  Swine 
Judges  took  place  on  Wednesday,  June  12,  on  the  day  following 
the  meeting  of  the  Iowa  Swine  Breeders.  In  the  absence  of  the 
presiding  officers  the  chair  was  occupied  by  J.  H.  Watson.  Sec- 
retary W.  D.  ]\IcTavish  read  the  minutes  of  the  previous  meeting 
and  made  the  usual  reports,  after  which  Prof.  Curtiss  made  a 
brief  talk  in  which  he  emphasised  the  importance  of  the  score  card 
in  establishing  and  maintaining  correct  type  and  breed  character. 

Election  of  officers  resulted  in  the  selection  of  the  following 
gentlemen : 

President — R.  J.  Harding.  IMacedonia,  Iowa. 

First  vice  president — J.  H.  Watson,  Madrid,  Iowa. 

Second  vice  president — Sam  McKelvie,  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

Secretary  and  treasurer — R.  W.  Halford,  Manning,  Iowa. 

A  committee  consisting  of  ]\Iessrs.  R.  J.  Harding,  R.  W.  Halford, 
L.  C.  Reese,  Prescott,  Iowa,  and  Prof.  Curtiss,  was  appointed  to 
formulate  and  present  at  the  next  annual  meeting  a  report  on 
change  in  the  score  card,  and  to  revise  and  correct  the  detailed 
descriptions. 

The  examining  committee  having  charge  of  the  score  card  practice 
included  R.  J.  Harding,  J.  ]\I.  Stewart,  Ainsworth,  Iowa,  and  Prof. 
Kennedy.  Twelve  men  scored.  The  subjects  provided  were  a 
Chester  White  sow,  a  Duroc  Jersey  sow^,  a  Poland  China  sow,  and 
a  Berkshire  boar.  W.  T.  Barr,  Ames,  provided  the  Chester  White. 
The  others  came  from  the  college  herds.  The  committee  recom- 
mended that  certificates  be  issued  as  follows: 

On  Duroc  Jersej^s — F.  G.  Paul,  Marshalltown,  Iowa,  and  G.  E. 
Connell,  Ames,  low^a. 

On  Berkshires — J.  W.  Ogle,  Ames,  Iowa,  and  G.  E.  Connell. 

On  Poland  Chinas— J.  W.  Ogle. 

On  Chester  Whites — None. 


PART  IX. 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

Thirty-fifth  Annual  Convention 

OF  THE 

IOWA  STATE  DAIRY  ASSOCIATION 

Held  at  Waterloo,  Iowa 

(In  Conjunction  with  the  Waterloo  Dairy  Cattle  Congress) 

OCTOBER  14-19,  1912 


WEDNESDAY  MORNING,  OCTOBER  16. 
CONVENTION   AUDITORIUM. 


President  Young :  Ladies  and  Gentlemen :  We  will  now  come  to 
order.  We  will  first  have  the  invaeation  by  Rev.  W.  P.  Spry,  of 
the  First  M.  E.  church. 

(Invocation.) 

The  President :  The  address  of  welcome  was  to  have  been  made 
by  Mayor  Thompson,  of  this  city,  but  owing  to  his  absence.  City 
Attorney  Kenyon  will  act  in  his  stead. 

Mr.  Kenyon:  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  and  Members  of  the  Iowa  State 
Dairy  Association:  I  want  to  apologize  to  you  for  not  coming  here  this 
morning  prepared  to  welcome  you  in  the  way  you  should  be,  but  I  was 
only  notified  a  few  hours  ago  and  have  had  no  time  to  think  of  what  I 
would  say  to  you.  Nevertheless,  I  am  here  to  welcome  you  in  behalf  of  the 
city  of  "Waterloo,  and  no  matter  how  I  may  express  this  welcome,  I  assure 
you  it  is  most  sincere.  I  am  here  as  an  agent  of  the  mayor  to  turn  over 
the  proverbial  keys  to  the  city  and  to  apprise  you  of  the  fact  that  our 
doors  stand  wide  open.  They  were  taken  off  their  hinges  and  will  not  be 
replaced  until  next  Sunday  night.  Waterloo  has  the  reputation  of  being 
a  convention  city,  and  we  hope  that  we  will  treat  you  this  time  in  a  way 


4S8  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

that  will  verify  that  reputation.  I  understand  that  this  is  your  third 
consecutive  meeting  in  our  city,  and  I  well  remember  your  first  dairy 
show  three  years  ago.  Certainly  you  have  made  a  wonderful  growth  in 
these  past  three  years  and  are  to  be  congratulated  for  it.  We,  of  Waterloo, 
like  to  see  things  grow  and  are  proud  with  you  for  the  shov/ing  of  dairy 
cattle  on  exhibition  in  these  grounds.  Without  question  it  is  the  greatest 
assembly  of  great  cattle  ever  exhibited  in  the  world. 

We  want  you  to  enjoy  yourselves  while  in  our  city,  and  will  do  every- 
thing in  our  power  to  make  your  stay  with  us  pleasant  and  profitable. 
We  want  you  to  come  again.  Once  more,  in  behalf  of  the  city,  I  welcome 
you. 

The  Chairman :  We  all  appreciate  Mr.  Kenyon's  cordial  welcome. 
Mr.  C.  A.  Nelson,  of  Waverly,  will  respond. 

Mr.  Nelson:  Members  of  the  Iowa  State  Dairy  Association:  When  city 
folks  want  things  done  these  days  they  call  on  a  farmer,  so  I  was  asked 
to  respond  to  the  address  of  welcome.  I  can  say  to  Mr.  Kenyon  that  we 
are  glad  to  be  back  in  Waterloo  again,  for  we  have  not  forgotten  the 
hospitality  which  was  extended  to  us  at  our  previous  conventions.  I  am  a 
dairy  cow  enthusiast  and  love  the  dairy  business,  and  when  I  was  told  that 
there  were  160  tubs  of  butter  sent  here  and  that  every  tub  scored  90  and 
above,  with  an  average  of  94,  I  am  more  proud  than  ever.  Whoever  saw 
such  a  showing  of  fine  dairy  cattle?  Nobody  ever  has  because  a  finer 
showing  has  never  been  made,  and  it  is  a  great  credit  to  the  men  of  Water- 
loo who  have  made  this  possible.  I  remember  about  five  years  ago  when 
the  dairy  cow  was  introduced  into  this  convention  at  Cedar  Rapids.  That 
was  the  beginning  of  what  we  have  here  today.  It  is  only  going  to  be 
a  few  years  until  our  land  will  be  worth  $500  per  acre  because  of  our 
good  buttermakers,  our  good  creameries  and  our  good  cows  and  the  good 
people  of  Iowa. 

We  appreciate  Waterloo's  welcome.  I  am  glad  this  city  has  given  us 
this  location  and  we  are  going  to  meet  here  from  year  to  year  and  bring 
our  cows.  We  want  to  show  the  people  of  Waterloo,  the  state  of  Iowa, 
and  the  world  what  we  are  doing.  We  like  Waterloo  because  she  knows 
how  to  make  a  farmer  feel  that  he  is  one  of  the  elements  of  the  world.  We 
are  going  to  try  and  get  out  more  farmers  every  year,  because  if  we  are 
going  to  do  our  best  we  must  attend  these  meetings.  Again,  in  behalf  of 
this  association,  we  thank  the 'city  of  Waterloo  for  their  hearty  welcome 
and  support. 

The  Chairman:  We  will  now  listen  to  the  report  of  the  secre- 
tary, Mr.  J.  J.  Ross: 

Mr.  President,  Members  of  the  Iowa  State  Dairy  Association, 
Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  It  is  with  pleasure  that  I  wish  to  call 
your  attention  to  my  report  for  1912,  but  before  taking  up  the 
details  of  the  report  there  is  an  apology  due  the  members  of  the 
association,  and  that  is  that  I  had  intended  to  give  you  my  report 
for  the  year  closing  July  first,  1912,  in  printed  form  but  on  ac- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       489 

count  of  some  unavoidable  reason  the  state  printer  has  not  got 
this  work  printed  as  yet  and  hence  it  will  be  necessary  for  me  to 
tell  you  briefly  some  of  the  important  business  that  has  come  to 
our  attention  since  our  last  meeting.  Your  executive  committee 
has  held  several  meetings  during  the  year.  The  first  meeting  was 
held  at  Des  Moines,  December  12th,  1911,  and  at  that  time  we 
found  it  necessary  to  re-incorporate  the  Iowa  State  Dairy  Asso- 
ciation as  the  Secretary  of  State  had  notified  me  that  our  period 
of  incorporated  time  had  expired.  The  twenty  years  of  existence 
expired  December  1,  1911,  and  in  consequence  the  committee 
called  a  special  meeting  of  the  Association  and  voted  a  renewal 
of  corporate  existence,  and  the  following  was  adopted: 

RENEWAL  OF  CORPORATE  EXISTENCE  OF  THE  IOWA  STATE 
DAIRY    ASSOCIATION. 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents: 

That  at  a  special  meeting  of  the  members  of  the  Iowa  State  Dairy  As- 
sociation a  corporation  duly  organized  under. the  laws  of  the  state  of 
Iowa,  held  at  the  Chamberlain  Hotel  in  the  city  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  on 
the  12th  day  of  December,  A.  D.  1911,  at  two  o'clock  P.  M.,  it  was  duly 
voted  by  the  members  present  to  extend  the  corporate  existence  of  said 
corporation  as  shown  below. 

EXTENSION  OF  CORPORATE  EXISTENCE. 

It  was  duly  voted  by  said  members  present  at  the  special  meeting  as 
determined  by  the  resolutions  adopted,  that  the  period  of  existence  of 
said  corporation  be  renewed  and  the  corporate  period  continued  for  a 
term  of  twenty  years,  viz.,  to  the  first  day  of  December,  1931. 

The  present  officers  of  the  association  are  as  follows: 

B.  R.  Shoemaker — President. 

F.  W.  Stephenson — Vice-President, 

F.  L.  Odell— Treasurer, 

J.  J.  Ross — Secretary, 

Who  hold  their  office  until  the  newly  elected  officers  are  qualified  on 
January  1,  1912. 

The  newly  elected  officers  who  will  qualify  on  January  1,  1912,  are  as 
follows : 

R.  B.  Young — President. 

L.   L.  Flickinger — Vice-President. 

E.  T.  Sadler — Treasurer. 

J.  J.  Ross — Secretary. 

The  Secretary,  J.  J.  Ross,  and  W.  B.  Barney,  who  were  present  at  said 
meeting  were  duly  authorized  and  directed  to  sign,  acknowledge,  verify 
and  record  and  do  all  things  which  are  by  law  required  to  execute,  com- 
plete and  carry  into  effect  the  extension  of  corporate  existence  of  said  cor- 
poration. 


490  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

We,  W.  B.  Barney  and  J.  J.  Ross,  members  of  said  corporation  and 
present  at  said  special  meeting,  do  hereby  certify  the  above  to  be  a  true 
and  correct  statement  of  the  proceedings  of  the  members  at  the  above 
named  meeting  and  there  were  no  votes  cast  in  opposition  to  the  exten- 
sion of  corporate  existence  of  said  corporation. 

Attest: 

In  pursuance  of  the  authority  given  us  by  the  special  meeting  of  the 
members  set  forth  above,  we,  W.  B.  Barney  and  J.  J.  Ross,  have  executed 
this  instrument  and  do  hereby  sign  and  acknowledge  the  same  for  and  in 
behalf  of  the  said  corporation  this  13th  day  of  D'ecember,  1911. 

W.  B.  BARNEY, 
J.  J.  ROSS. 

State  of  Iowa, 
Polk  county.         ^^• 

Be  it  remembered  that  on  the  13th  day  of  December,  A.  D.  1911,  before 
me  a  Notary  Public  in  and  for  said  county  and  state  personally  appeared 
W.  B.  Barney  and  J.  J.  Ross,  each  being  to  me  personally  known,  who> 
being  duly  sworn  did  say  that  said  instrument  was  signed  and  sealed  in 
behalf  of  said  corporation  by  authority  of  its  members,  and  that  they 
acknowledge  said  instrument  to  be  the  voluntary  act  and  deed  of  said  cor- 
poration by  them  voluntarily  executed. 

RUTH   WOODRUFF, 
Notary  Public. 

This  business  was  the  most  important  subject  before  this  meet- 
ing and  the  next  meeting  was  held  at  Des  Moines  on  April  3,  1912^ 
for  the  purpose  of  determining  the  time  and  place  for  the  1912 
convention.  Several  applications  and  invitations  were  read  be- 
fore the  committee,  one  from  Cedar  Rapids,  one  from  Des  Moines 
and  one  from  Waterloo.  After  discussing  the  different  offers; 
your  committee  decided  unanimously  to  accept  the  invitation 
from  Waterloo  and  the  Dairy  Cattle  Congress  and,  gentlemen^ 
I  am  sure  that  after  looking  over  the  exhibits  and  buildings  that 
Waterloo  has  provided  for  our  comfort  that  you  will  agree  with 
me  that  the  committee  made  a  wise  selection.  The  Iowa  State 
Dairy  Association  has  never  in  its  history  had  such  a  welcome 
and  such  a  comm.odious  place  to  hold  a  convention,  and  I  think 
that  the  association  is  to  ])e  congratulated  upon  having  these  fine 
conveniences,  and  if  this  meeting  is  not  a  success  certainly  it  will 
not  be  the  fault  of  the  committee  nor  the  city  of  Waterloo. 

I  would  like  to  call  your  attention  at  this  time  to  some  of  the 
things  that  have  been  accomplished  by  the  State  Dairy  Expert 
and  his  Assistant.  I  believe  that  there  has  never  been  a  year 
that  has  shown  such  great  advancement  in  the  upbuilding  of 
dairying  in  the  state  as  has  been  accomplished  during  the  last 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX      491 

year,  and  this  advancement  is  largely  due  to  the  untiring  efforts 
of  Mr.  Van  Pelt  and  his  assistant,  Mr.  E.  S.  Estel.  Mr.  Van  Pelt 
retired  from  office  on  July  1st  and  Mr.  Estel  was  elected  to  the 
office  of  State  Dairy  Expert  by  the  state  dairy  board.  In  view 
of  the  fact  that  there  is  such  a  good  work  being  done  through 
the  expert's  office  it  is  self  evident  that  each  and  every  member 
of  the  Iowa  State  Dairy  Association  should  get  busy  and  do  all 
that  he  can  to  try  and  get  this  appropriation  increased  at  the 
next  session  of  our  legislature.  I  would  like  to  see  a  bill  intro- 
duced for  $15,000  for  this  work  in  place  of  $7,500,  the  amount 
appropriated  at  the  present  biennial  period,  and  I  believe  that 
were  such  a  bill  introduced  we  could  get  it  passed  if  all  our 
members  would  urge  our  respective  representatives  and  senators 
to  support  such  a  bill.  Now  my  advice  to  yon  members  is  to 
boost  all  that  you  possibly  can  next  winter  when  the  legislature 
is  in  session. 

I  want  to  especially  thank  the  buttermakers  of  the  state  for 
so  liberally  contributing  their  exhibit  of  butter  to  this  meeting. 
I  can  truthfully  say  that  I  have  never  seen  such  a  nice  lot  of 
packages  exhibited  to  any  convention  and  I  might  further  add 
and  I  believe  that  the  judges  will  bear  me  out  in  this  that  I 
have  never  seen  a  better  lot  of  butter  exhibited  at  a  contest.  I 
want  to  say  to  the  buttermakers  of  Iowa  that  if  you  keep  up 
this  good  work  that  you  are  sure  to  land  the  banner  at  our  next 
National  Creamery  Buttermakers  Association. 

I  also  desire  at  this  time  to  thank  the  commission  houses  and 
business  houses  of  all  kinds  who  have  so  liberally  supported  me 
in  trying  to  make  this  meeting  a  success,  and  now  as  the  time 
is  rather  limited  this  morning  I  will  close.  I  thank  you  for  your 
kind  attention. 

The  Chairman :  We  will  next  listen  to  the  report  of  the  treas- 
urer, Mr.  E.  T.  Sadler: 

TREASURER'S  REPORT. 
RECEIPTS. 

Jan.  12,  1912— Received  from  Ex-Treasurer  Odell. .                      $       554.04 

Apr.  2,  1912— Dairy  Cattle  Congress,  witti  interest  1,030.00 

Apr.  6,  1912— Cedar  Rapids  Savings  Bank,  interest  22.98 

Jun.    15,  1912— Memberships  by  Estel 10.00 

Jun.    22,  1912— Memberships  by  Estel 16.00 

July     1,  1912— Memberships  by  Estel   8.00 

Aug.  17,  1912— Membership  by  Estel    28.00 


492  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Sept.  12,  1912— Memberships  by  Estel •                          33.00 

Oct.     22,  1912— Standard  Oil  Co.,  premium  fund...  10.00 

Jacob  Jacobsen,  Chicago    5.00 

Gude  Bros.,  Kieffer  Co.,  New  York. .  10.00 

Enyard  &  Godley,   New   York 10.00 

Diamond  Crystal  Salt  Co 10.00 


Total  receipts   $     1,747.02 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

Feb.      1,  1912— Kimball's  Dairy  Parmer  Co.,  subs..$         18.75 

Fred   L.    Kimball    Co.,    printing 19.25 

H.  D.  Fairall,  signs   1.80 

Feb.      5,  1912— Hugh  G.  Van  Pelt,  salary  for  Jan..  41.66 

Mar.     2,  1912— Hugh  G.  Van  Pelt,  salary  for  Feb..  41.66 

Apr.      1,  1912 — J.  S.  Anderson  &  Son,  bond  premium  12.00 

Apr.      3,  1912— W.  L.  Brown,  Chamberlain  Hotel,  ex- 
pense executive  meeting   7.40 

Apr.      4,  1912— Hugh  G.  Van  Pelt,  salary  for  March  41.66 

Apr.      6,  1912— Waterloo  Office  &  Supply  Co.,  cash 

book  and  file   : 1.75 

May     1,  1912 — Colbj^-Parker  Co.,  express  on  butter, 

1911   convention    1.35 

May     7,  1912— Postal    Telegraph    Co.,    telegram    to 

Cong  '&  Sons    '. 7.80 

May    20,  1912— Iowa  Register  &  Farmer,  74  subs,  at 

25  cents 18.50 

Fred  L.  Kimball  Co.,   85  proofs,   C. 
J.  article   4.75 

May      9,  1912— Hugh  C.  Van  Pelt,  salary  for  April.  41.66 

May    20,  1912 — E.    R.    Shoemaker,    expense    to    Des 

Moines 8.15 

May   21,  1912— Ellis  Hotel,  Sasseen's  expense 13.82 

Jun.    10,  1912 — E.    T.    Sadler,    executive    committee 

expense    10.00 

Jun.    12,  1912 — L.  L.  Flickinger,  executive  commit- 
tee expense   

Jun.    21,  1912 — E,  R.  Shoemaker,  traveling  expense 

July     2,  1912 — Moore  &  Moore,  invoice,  June  1,  1912 

July   15,  1912 — Iowa  Register  &  Parmer,  subs,   for 
premiums    

Sept.     7,  1912 — Iowa  Register  &  Farmer,  subs,   for 
premiums 

Sept.  11,  1912 — Fred  L.  Kimball  Co.,  stamps,  mail- 
ing, etc 

Sept.  16,  1912— Bastian  Bros.  Co.,  1912  fobs   . . 

Total 

Balance  on  hand  October  1,  1912 


16.80 

1           11.69 

1             2.90 

1.75 

1.00 

19.40 

55.39 

? 

400.89 

$ 

1,346.13 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX  493 

The  Chairman:  I  will  appoint  on  the  resolution  committee, 
Hon.  W.  B.  Barney,  J.  C.  Joslin  and  L.  S.  Edwards;  auditing 
committee,  Guy  Thomas  and  Erve  Cole.  The  legislative  commit- 
tee will  remain  the  same  as  last  year,  as  follows:  E.  R.  Shoe- 
maker, chairman,  W.  W.  Marsh,  Hon.  W.  B.  Newberry. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  introduce  to  members  of  this  association 
again,  Prof.  Carl  E.  Lee,  of  Madison,  Wis.,  who  will  talk  to  us 
on  the  subject  of  "Value  of  Workmanship  in  Making  Butter." 

WORKMANSHIP  AS  A  FACTOR  IN  CREAMERY  BUTTERMAKING. 

BY    CARL    E.    LEE. 

The  quality  of  the  butter  manufactured  in  Iowa  some  ten  years  ago 
Tvas  governed  more  by  the  condition  of  the  milk  received  than  by  the 
methods  employed  by  the  factory  operator.  The  quality  of  the  milk 
produced  in  those  days  was  much  better  than  the  average  grade  of  cream 
now  being  handled. 

The  market  standard  has  not  advanced,  consequently  there  must  have 
been  a  decrease  in  the  quality  of  creamery  butter  as  a  whole.  It  is 
known  that  there  are  lines  of  butter  today  that  are  fully  as  good  as 
have  ever  been  seen  in  our  markets.  It  is  also  generally  understood  from 
what  factories  they  come.  This  kind  of  butter  receives  no  criticism 
from  dealers  or  consumers  regardless  of  the  standard  of  the  present  or 
the  past. 

The  one  outstanding  factor  that  has  had  more  to  do  with  the  quality 
of  butter  is  the  change  in  the  condition  of  the  raw  material  delivered 
to  the  creameries.  The  farmer  who  prefers  to  skim  his  milk  and  deliver 
the  cream  should  understand  that,  if  the  quality  of  his  cream  is  injured 
before  it  is  delivered,  it  means  a  reduction  in  the  flavor  of  the  butter  made 
from  it.  Buttermakers  put  forth  an  equal,  if  not  a  greater,  effort  today 
for  good  butter  than  they  ever  did.  The  result  is  already  noticeable. 
Last  June  a  commission  man  who  handles  a  great  deal  of  butter  made 
the  statement,  "We  are  getting  a  better  grade  of  butter  this  year  as  com- 
pared with  a  year  ago."  In  some  cases  the  improvement  has  been  slight 
even  if  the  buttermaker  has  done  his  best.  As  an  illustration,  a  Wis- 
consin man  has  for  the  last  eighteen  months  sent  butter  to  the  scoring 
exhibitions.  His  butter  has  received  an  average  score  of  90.7,  with  four 
scores  91  to  92.50  and  five  tubs  scoring  under  90.  As  a  whole  the  workman- 
ship of  his  butter  has  been  fairly  good.  It  is  therefore  not  justice  to  this 
man  to  ask  why  he  is  not  making  butter  of  higher  quality.  It  is  en- 
couraging to  note  that  the  five  tubs  entered  from  May  to  September  last 
year  received  an  average  score  of  90.2  as  compared  with  91.6  for  the 
same  months  this  year.  An  increase  of  1.4  points  is  sufficient  to  en- 
courage the  operator  to  greater  efficiency  in  the  future. 

BUTTERMAKER   MUST   BE  A   LIVE  WIRE. 

Last  April  a  creamery  owner  made  this  remark,  "Any  buttermaker 
should  be  able  in  six  weeks  to  work  an  influence  in  a  community  that 


494  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

will  result  in  a  better  grade  of  cream  being  produced."  At  first  thougbt 
this  statement  would  seem  out  of  place  because  results,  as  a  rule,  are  not 
brought  about  in  so  short  a  time.  A  buttermaker  when  asked  if  he  could 
not  get  his  patrons  to  deliver  the  cream  oftener  and  in  better  condition 
replied,  "The  owner  of  the  factory  does  not  want  me  to  say  anything 
to  the  farmers  regarding  the  quality  of  the  cream,  because  if  I  did,  they 
might  go  to  a  neighboring  factory."  The  average  cream  producer  is  not 
that  kind  of  a  man.  There  are  few  who  will  not  do  what  is  requested  of 
them,  if  the  proper  methods  are  used.  The  owner  of  this  creamery  had 
better  lose  half  of  his  patrons  than  to  produce  the  kind  of  butter  that 
his  maker  sent  to  be  scored. 

It  may  not  be  possible  for  every  factory  operator  to  bring  about  a 
complete  reform  in  six  weeks,  but  if  he  has  had  no  influence  for  a  better 
grade  of  raw  material  he  has  not  done  his  part. 

The  first  exhibit  sent  by  a  progressive  buttermaker  who  operated  a 
co-operative  factory  for  several  years  scored  89.33  and  his  twenty-ninth  tub 
scored  97  with  an  average  score  on  nine  exhibits  for  his  last  year  in  that 
factory  of  94.07.     A  month  ago  he  sent  the  following  letter: 

"Just  received  your  letter  of  the  20th  and  was  very  glad  to  hear 
from  you  again.  As  you  will  probably  remember,  I  have  been  out  of  the 
race  since  last  January  but  could  not  keep  out  any  longer.  I  consider 
that  contest  the  most  interesting  part  of  the  buttermaking  business  and 
intend  to  be  a  regular  exhibitor  from  now  on.  I  started  making  butter 
here  on  April  15th  and  might  say  that  I  had  everything  to  contend  with. 
The  largest  portion  of  our  cream  at  that  time  was  very  poor.  Hauling 
once  a  week  was  considered  sufficient  by  most  of  the  farmers.  A  few 
even  had  the  idea  that  once  in  two  weeks  was  all  right.  It  certainly  took 
a  great  deal  of  effort  and  patience  to  change  conditions,  but  I  am  now 
getting  results.  The  cream  is  of  fairly  good  quality.  Over  half  of  my 
patrons  haul  every  other  day  and  none  less  than  twice  per  week.  Quite  a 
few  first  class  milk  houses  went  up  this  summer  and  a  few  silos.  We 
have  carried  an  ad,  or  in  other  words,  have  had  articles  every  week  in 
our  local  paper  on  'The  Necessity  of  Producing  a  First  Class  Quality  of 
Cream.'  This  brought  good  results.  We  pasteurize  all  of  the  cream  and 
then  use  lots  of  good  starter.  I  find  that  by  doing  so  our  butter  is 
cleaner  and  sweeter  in  flavor.  It  keeps  much  better.  It  is  safe  to  say 
this  system  nets  us  one  and  one-half  cents  per  pound. 

"The  loss  of  fat  in  the  butter-milk  is  a  little  more  than  by  churning  raw 
cream  but  I  am  ahead  by  pasteurizing.  All  of  the  butter  is  printed  and 
sells  for  the  top  price.  Grading  the  cream  has  probably  done  more  good 
than  anything  else.  It  was  difficult  at  first  to  make  this  clear  to  the 
farmers  but  it  soon  wore  off  and  now  they  very  seldom  remark  about  it.  I 
had  the  hardest  time  to  get  milk  for  starter,  although  I  offered  eight  cents 
above  Elgin  for  butter-fat  and  gave  them  butter-milk  in  return  free  of 
charge.  It  is  now  bought  for  three  above  Elgin  and  I  get  all  the  good 
milk  needed.  You  may  look  for  a  score  close  to  95  from  here  at  the 
International  Dairy  Show.  I  don't  believe  that  I  have  forgotten  how,  if 
I  can  get  the  goods  to  make  it  from." 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX  495 

If  ten  per  cent  of  the  biittermakers  could  look  back  over  less  than 
a  half  year's  work  with  the  same  kind  of  a  record,  no  one  could  pre- 
dict the  result  on  the  quality  of  butter. 

Another  man  said,  "I  am  making  better  butter  today  out  of  farm 
skimmed  cream  than  I  did  three  years  ago  from  nearly  whole-milk."  I 
can  only  add,  "The  future  quality  of  butter  will  in  a  large  measure  de- 
pend upon  how  many  factory  operators  are  live  wires  for  good  cream  in 
their  respective  communities.  It  is  not  a  question  of  the  other  party 
getting  some  of  the  cream.     Quality  of  the  butter  should  count." 

MORE    EFFICIENT    WORK. 

The  buttermakers  operating  factories  today  are  a  better  trained  class 
of  workmen  than  they  were  a  few  years  ago.  There  are  at  present  more 
agencies  at  work  to  assist  the  men  which  no  doubt  have  had  their  effect 
in  stimulating  better  methods.  If  the  factory  operators  of  Iowa  should 
receive  the  same  kind  of  raw  material  as  was  produced  in  Jones  county 
of  this  state  when  I  was  one  of  the  buttermakers,  the  heading  on  the  last 
column  of  the  first  page  of  Chicago  Dairy  Produce,  September  24,  1912, 
would  read  "butter  is  scarce"  instead  of  "fine  butter  is  scarce."  The 
change  in  making  butter  from  whole-milk  to  that  of  partly  farm  skimmed 
cream  had  its  beginning  in  eastern  Iowa  10  years  ago.  Today  it  is  a 
territory  of  nearly  all  farm  skimmed  cream.  What  is  true  of  this  sec- 
tion is  probably  true  of  a  large  portion  of  the  state.  The  conditions  are 
the  same  in  Wisconsin.  Bulletin  140  on  "The  Development  of  Factory 
Dairying  in  ¥/isconsin,  1906"  referred  to  the  introduction  of  the  hand 
separator  as  being  one  of  the  direct  causes  of  the  decrease  in  the  number 
of  creameries  This  would  indicate  that  the  making  of  butter  from  farm 
skimmed  cream  had  its  beginning  prior  to  1906.  Bulletin  210,  "Progress 
of  the  Dairy  Industry  in  Wisconsin,  1911,"  states  from  data  furnished  by 
the  dairy  and  food  commission  that  out  of  the  1,005  creameries  in  the 
state,  the  955  that  reported  whether  they  used  whole  milk,  cream  or  both, 
only  86  reported  that  they  made  butter  from  whole-milk. 

For  the  scoring  exhibition  year  in  Wisconsin,  which  began  in  May, 
1907,  29.2  per  cent  of  the  men  who  reported  the  kind  of  raw  material 
used  made  the  butter  from  whole-milk,  while  only  12.7  per  cent  of  the 
men  who  reported  five  years  later  were  in  the  whole-milk  class.  Five 
years  ago  only  23.5  per  cent  of  the  men  used  farm  skimmed  cream  as 
against  55.7  per  cent  for  last  year.  This  shows  that  Wisconsin  is  today  a 
state  where  butter  is  manufactured  very  largely  from  farm  skimmed 
cream.  No  doubt  the  change  in  the  future  will  not  be  so  rapid  because 
the  factories  that  receive  nothing  but  whole-milk  are  located  in  the 
southeastern  portion  of  the  state  where  some  of  the  milk  and  cream  is  at 
times  shipped  to  Milwaukee  and  Chicago. 

QUALITY    OF   BUTTER   HAS   IMPROVED. 

During  the  past  few  years  there  has  been  a  marked  improvement  in  the 
quality  of  the  butter  manufactured  in  Wisconsin  regardless  of  the  kind 
of  raw  material  used.  Word  has  been  received  from  men  stating,  "On  ac- 
count of  the  record  I  made  last  year  on  the  quality  of  our  butter  we  have 


496  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

been  able  to  make  a  contract  this  year  that  is  a  substantial  increase  over 
last  year."  Three  years  ago  21.5  per  cent  of  the  men  sending  tubs  of 
butter  to  the  Wisconsin  scoring  exhibitions  who  reported  the  kind  of 
raw  material  used,  made  butter  from  whole-milk  with  an  average  score 
of  92.73,  while  last  year  the  average  score  in  the  whole-milk  class  was 

94.03.  Three  years  ago  the  average  score  in  the  milk  and  cream  class, 
which  was  49.1  per  cent  of  all  the  exhibits  made  by  men  who  reported, 
was  92.31  and  last  year  93.11,  while  three  years  ago  the  average  score  on 
butter  made   from  farm   skimmed  cream   only   was   91.24   and  last  year 

92.04.  This  shows  conclusively  that  the  men  who  are  making  butter 
from  farm  skimmed  cream  are  on  an  average  putting  out  a  better  article 
than  three  or  even  four  years  ago. 

This  higher  quality  of  butter  can  in  part  be  explained  by  extra  ef- 
forts being  put  forth  by  the  factory  operators  for  a  better  grade  of  raw 
material  together  with  a  higher  grade  of  workmanship  in  the  factories. 

SCORING    EXHIBITION    WORK    HAS    IMPROVED    THE    WORKMANSHIP    OF    WISCONSIN 

BUTTER. 

It  has  always  been  the  policy  of  the  scoring  exhibition  work  in  Wis- 
consin to  aid  the  buttermakers  whenever  possible  in  their  methods  of 
operation.  A  great  deal  has  been  accomplished  with  reference  to  the  flavor 
of  the  butter  put  out  by  several  of  the  creameries.  When  this  has  been 
done  it  has  been  accomplished  through  the  co-operation  of  the  butter- 
maker. 

If  the  butter  from  a  certain  factory  has  contained  an  excessive  amount 
of  water  for  a  certain  month  and  the  party  who  made  that  butter  has  filled 
out  his  method  blank,  it  has  been  possible  in  nearly  every  case  to  locate 
the  cause  for  the  high  water  content  of  the  butter.  This  has  been  equally 
true  with  reference  to  the  defects  in  body,  color  or  salt.  One  man  who 
sent  his  first  exhibit  to  the  scoring  exhibitions  last  April  sent  his  fifth 
exhibit  to  the  state  fair.  This  last  exhibit  was  cut  one  point  in  color  on 
account  of  mottles.  His  method  blank  showed  clearly  that  the  butter  had 
not  been  worked  sufficiently.  Another  man  who  had  been  a  regular  ex- 
hibitor had  trouble  with  mottled  butter  in  July.  The  cause  for  it  was 
located  when  the  man  wrote,  "Lately  I  have  been  adding  crushed  ice  to 
the  cream  in  the  churn  when  the  granules  begin  to  form."  This  man  did 
not  change  the  method  of  working  the  butter  to  meet  the  change  in  hand- 
ling the  churn. 

In  June,  1909,  66.1  per  cent  of  the  butter  sent  to  the  scoring  exhibition 
in  Wisconsin  was  defective  in  body.  The  following  year  23  per  cent  and 
for  last  year  only  12.9  per  cent  of  the  butter  was  lowered  in  score  on  ac- 
count of  not  having  a  perfect  body.  Three  years  ago  33  per  cent  of  the 
butter  was  defective  in  color,  the  following  year  5.8  per  cent  and  one  year 
ago  5.5  per  cent  of  the  butter  received  a  cut  in  score  on  account  of  mottled 
or  wavy  color.  When  all  three  years  of  the  exhibition  work  are  consid- 
ered we  find  that  for  the  twelve  months  beginning  May,  1909,  38  per  cent 
of  the  butter  was  defective  in  body,  the  following  year  13.3  per  cent  and 
last  year  11.3  per  cent;  and  for  the  color  three  years  ago  30.5  per  cent  of 
the  butter  was  defective,  the  following  year  5.9  per  cent  ^nd  last  year 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       4yi 

12.9  per  cent.  The  defects  in  salt  were,  for  1909,  6.7  per  cent;  1910,  7.7 
per  cent  and  1911,  8.4  per  cent.  This  is  a  remarkable  showing  as  to  what 
the  buttermakers  can  do.  They  have  studied  their  conditions  and  when 
changes  were  necessary  they  have  made  them  for  the  good  of  the  butter. 

Another  striking  example  was  brought  out  by  the  recent  scoring  of  the 
Wisconsin  state  fair  butter,  where  there  were  150  different  tubs  of  butter 
made  by  men  who  have  taken  advantage  of  the  scoring  exhibitions  and 
some  who  have  never  exhibited  at  the  dairy  school. 

The  men  who  have  never  sent  butter  to  be  scored  entered  butter  at 
the  state  fair,  48.6  per  cent  of  which  was  either  cut  in  score  or  else  criti- 
cized as  being  defective  in  workmanship;  30.3  per  cent  of  their  butter 
was  lowered  in  score  because  the  body,  color  or  the  condition  of  the  salt 
was  not  perfect.  While  the  butter  made  by  men  who  have  sent  butter 
to  Madison  since  May  of  this  year  showed  a  much  better  workmanship 
because  only  16.4  per  cent  was  lowered  in  score  on  account  of  a  slight 
cut  due  to  imperfect  workmanship. 

WEATHER    CONDITIONS    AFFECT    QUAI.ITY. 

Since  a  very  large  percentage  of  the  butter  made  in  either  Iowa,  Wis- 
consin or  Minnesota  contains  either  all  or  a  large  amount  of  farm  skimmed 
cream,  it  is  natural  that  the  butter  made  during  the  summer  months  does 
not  grade  very  much  if  any  higher  than  the  butter  made  during  the  win- 
ter because  of  the  condition  of  the  cream.  The  warm  weather  naturally 
has  a  tendency  to  flavor  cream  with  high  acid  and  other  taints.  This 
condition  is  not  found  when  the  butter  is  made  from  whole-milk,  and  it  is 
expected  that  butter  of  a  higher  quality  should  be  made  during  the  season 
when  feed  and  natural  conditions  favor  the  production  of  good  clean  milk. 

There  was  a  total  of  thirty-nine  men  who  have  sent  butter  to  the 
scoring  exhibitions  conducted  by  the  department  of  dairy  husbandry, 
College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Wisconsin,  for  each  of  the  months 
of  May,  June,  July,  August  and  September.  The  average  score  for  May 
was  93.54;  June,  93.29;  July,  93.34;  August,  93  and  September,  92.95.  When 
the  butter  for  the  last  two  months  was  made  the  weather  in  Wisconsin 
was  very  warm.  It  does  not  seem  possible  that  anything  but  the  con- 
dition of  the  raw  material  when  delivered  to  those  thirty-nine  different 
creameries  made  the  average  difference  in  the  quality  of  the  butter  made 
in  May  and  September  of  this  year.  Nearly  all  of  these  same  men 
attempt  to  make  butter  having  as  good  a  quality  as  is  possible  for  them 
to  make   considering  the  raw  material  they  receive. 

ACCURACY    OF    WORK    WILL    COUNT. 

In  factory  operation  the  one  thing  that  will  have  more  of  a  tendency 
than  any  other  to  bring  the  buttermaker  and  patrons  together  is  the 
accuracy  in  the  operation  of  the  Babcock  tesf.  The  buttermaker  who 
is  always  free  to  show  to  the  farmers  how  the  test  is  made  and  finds 
them  ready  to  listen  to  his  side  of  the  story,  is  well  paid  for  the  time 
so  spent.  On  August  28,  1912,  a  letter  was  received  from  a  former  Wis- 
consin student  who  is  manager  of  a  factory.  It  read  in  part  as  follows: 
"We  have  of  late  had  some  complaints  on  cream  tests  by  the  patrons 
82 


498  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

who  deliver  cream  to  our  factory,  and  for  the  past  two  weeks  I  have 
bten  testing  with  our  buttermaker  to  see  how  he  did  things  and  to 
learn  if  there  were  any  faults  at  our  end.  During  my  testing  I  made 
several  notes  on  which  I  should  very  much  appreciate  your  advice. 
1.  We  test  the  samples  every  day.  The  wagons  get  in  late,  consequently 
the  samples  after  being  warmed  to  130-160  degrees  are  weighed  up  at 
once  and  placed  in  the  refrigerator  to  remain  over  night.  The  following 
morning  these  samples  are  re-warmed  and  some  warm  water  is  added 
to  the  bottles  before  adding  the  acid.  Will  this  method  materially  affect 
the  test?  2.  We  usually  add  the  acid  to  all  of  the  bottles  before  mixing 
the  acid  and  the  cream.  Would  any  better  results  be  obtained  if  the 
acid  and  cream  were  mixed  as  soon  as  the  acid  is  added?  We  usually  ob- 
tain a  clear  reading  and  have  a  smaller  proportion  of  burned  samples 
when  the  acid  is  not  mixed  with  the  cream  until  the  acid  is  added  to 
all  of  the  bottles.  3.  At  times  there  is  a  small  amount  of  black  at  the 
bottom  of  the  test.  Would  adding  more  water  to  the  cream  before 
pouring  the  acid  help  to  remove  this?  We  have  not  usually  found  it  so. 
Our  acid  would  seem  too  strong  and  I  am  trying  to  get  our  buttermaker 
to  cut  down  the  amount  used.  Is  this  a  mistake?  4.  We  read  the 
samples  directly  out  of  the  tester.  Would  it  be  better  to  put  them  in  a 
hot  water  bath?  Would  the  greater  accuracy  warrant  our  securing  an 
equipment?  5.  Do  you  think  it  good  policy  to  urge  the  farmers  to  use 
hand  testers  to  check  up  for  their  own  satisfaction,  or  do  you  think 
that  the  lack  of  experience  in  operating  the  testers  would  cause  a 
variation  in  their  reading  and  we  would  thus  have  constant  disputes  with 
them?" 

The  above  questions  are  important  from  the  viewpoint  of  factory  oper- 
ation and  this  man  has  found  problems  that  confront  a  large  number 
of  creamery  buttermakers.  It  is  not  necessary  for  me  to  give  the  whole 
text  of  my  reply.  Results  obtained  should  be  the  same  whether  the  tests 
are  completed  at  once  or  allowed  to  stand  over  night  providing  care  is 
exercised  in  removing  the  cream  adhering  to  the  inside  of  the  neck 
of  the  bottle.  No  doubt  it  is  best  to  re-warm  the  samples  to  a  tem- 
perature of  60  the  following  morning  when  samples  are  held  but  in  no 
case  should  the  hot  water  be  added.  It  is  not  a  question  whether  the 
acid  and  cream  is  mixed  at  once  in  each  bottle  as  compared  with  the 
shaking  of  the  24  bottles  at  once.  Accurate  results  are  obtained  by  both 
methods.  The  reason  why  this  man  had  clear  tests  when  the  acid  was 
added  to  all  of  the  bottles  before  mixing  was  probably  due  to  the  acid 
being  a  trifle  strong  or  else  the  cream  re-warmed  to  too  high  tempera- 
ture, consequently  when  the  acid  and  cream  were  mixed  at  once  the 
bottles  would  stand  longer  before  being  whirled,  hence  a  greater  action 
of  the  acid  upon  the  butter-fat.  The  problem  in  this  letter  and  to  every 
operator  is  that  of  working  out  a  system  that  will  always  give  results 
that  are  uniform  and  consistent.  There  should  not  be  a  single  factory 
in  Iowa  or  any  other  state  where  cream  tests  are  made  where  the  butter- 
maker reads  the  tests  directly  out  of  the  tester.  The  hot  water  bath  will 
always  insure  the  tests  being  read  at  a  uniform  temperature.  This  is 
not  the  case  where  the  tests  are  read  out  of  the  tester.  The  first  bottle 
is  apt  to  be  of  a  much  higher  temperature  than  the  last  one. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       499 

After  this  man  had  put  into  practice  the  suggestions  offered  in  my 
letter  he  wrote,  "We  are  following  your  outline  and  the  tests  are  run- 
ning much  better." 

WORKMANSHIP   OF   BUTTER   MUST   COUNT. 

As  has  been  pointed  out  the  buttermakers  who  have  studied  their 
conditions  and  made  use  of  every  opportunity  offered  have  improved  in 
workmanship.  It  is  natural  that  butter  having  a  fine  texture  and  color 
together  with  the  proper  amount  of  salt  to  bring  out  the  flavor  is  a  much 
more  desirable  article  than  a  line  of  butter  that  is  defective  in  these 
points. 

The  buttermaker  in  charge  of  a  factory  equipped  with  a  ripener  and 
plenty  of  cold  water  and  ice  has  no  excuse  to  offer  for  making  butter 
that  has  not  a  firm  waxy  body.  At  certain  seasons  it  is  rather  difficult 
to  secure  this,  but  it  can  be  controlled  if  the  temperature  of  the  cream 
when  churned,  the  length  of  time  it  is  held  cold  and  the  temperature 
of  the  wash  water  are  regulated  to  meet  those  changing  conditions. 

When  the  butter  has  the  desired  degree  of  firmness  during  working 
one  need  not  fear  that  five  or  six  revolutions  of  the  worker  above  normal 
for  working  is  going  to  injure  the  texture.  A  churning  of  200  pounds 
as  compared  with  800  pounds  of  butter  in  the  same  churn  will  require 
more  working.  The  same  is  true  of  two  lots  of  butter  having  different 
temperature  while  working.  If  a  change  of  five  degrees  is  made  in  the 
temperature  of  the  butter  from  one  day  to  another  or  two  churnings  on 
the  same  day,  the  number  of  revolutions  the  butter  is  worked  cannot 
be  the  same. 

UNIFORM    COLOR    CAN    BE    CONTROLLED, 

The  following  letter  was  received  a  few  days  ago  from  a  commission 
firm:  "One  of  our  regular  shippers  has  had  considerable  trouble  for 
several  months  past  with  mottled  butter  and  we  have  written  him  about 
all  we  knew  as  to  the  cause  of  this  and  what  to  do  to  correct  it,  but  he 
has  been  unsuccessful  and  shipment  which  we  received  today  is  what 
you  would  call  'blotched'  in  color.  It  is  too  bad  that  one  making  quality 
that  is  most  always  fine  should  have  butter  affected  in  this  way  which 
means  considerable  loss,  so  w^e  have  written  him  that  you  would  write 
in  reference  to  this  and  give  him  all  the  suggestions  and  information 
that  you  had." 

TTiis  is  an  illustration  of  the  kind  of  butter  that  is  sometimes  found 
on  the  market.  This  firm's  method  should  be  commended.  They  have 
previously  placed  the  dairy  school  in  touch  with  factory  operators  who 
have  needed  assistance.  It  is  difficult  to  sell  butter  that  is  mottled  or 
defective  in  color.  The  man  who  makes  that  kind  of  butter  is  responsible 
for  it.  It  is  not  the  fault  of  the  milk  or  cream  or  churn  used.  It  is  not 
dependent  upon  whether  butter  is  colored  or  uncolored  but  upon  the 
uniformity  of  the  component  parts  of  salted  butter. 

During  the  fall  and  winter  months  the  temperature  of  the  factory  is 
not  uniform  nor  Is  the  length  of  time  from  washing  the  butter  to  work- 
ing always  the  same,  consequently  the  butter  is  not  worked  the  same 


500  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

when  a  definite  number  of  revolutions  for  working  is  adhered  to.  It 
every  buttermaker  would  use  a  trier  and  examine  the  butter  twenty-four 
hours  after  it  is  worked  there  would  be  less  mottled  butter  in  the  markets, 

BUTTER    SHOLTLD    HAVE    A   UNIF0R:M    SALT    CONTENT. 

There  has  been  an  increase  in  the  defects  due  to  over-salting  but  they 
are  not  always  found  in  butter  from  the  same  factory.  The  larger 
creameries,  even  if  the  butter  has  not  the  quality  found  in  butter  made 
in  a  large  number  of  the  smaller  factories,  have  the  advantage  in  pleasing 
the  trade  because  of  a  more  uniform  product.  The  consumer  as  a  rule 
has  a  definite  idea  regarding  the  kind  of  butter  desired.  A  line  of  butter 
is  not  going  to  give  the  satisfaction  that  it  should  if  the  salt  content 
varies  greatly  from  day  to  day.  In  factories  where  there  is  not  a  uni- 
formity in  the  per  cent  of  fat  in  the  cream  or  in  the  temperature  of  the 
cream  when  churned  there  will  naturally  be  a  difference  in  the  size  of 
the  butter  granules.  This  will  influence  the  amount  of  salt  that  must 
be  used  to  obtain  the  same  results.  The  other  factors  that  must  be 
considered  are  amount  of  water  in  the  churn,  size  of  churning  and  per 
cent  of  water  in  the  finished  butter. 

Butter  should  not  be  over-salted  to  the  extent  of  leaving  it  gritty. 

The  future  of  Iowa  butter  as  to  quality  will  depend  largely  upon  the 
care  the  farmers  give  the  cream  before  it  is  delivered.  The  buttermaker 
may  do  his  part  as  to  workmanship  but  the  stability  of  the  consumer  for 
butter  labeled  "Made  in  Iowa"  handled  by  the  commission  trade  will 
never  stand  if  it  is  built  upon  butter  made  from  renovated  cream. 

The  cream  producers  can  assist  in  holding  up  the  quality  of  butter  by 
producing  cream  free  from  taints  and  containing  from  30  to  40  per  cent 
butter-fat.  Do  not  heed  the  man  who  claims  that  good  butter  can  be 
m.ade  from  cream  one  week  old. 

DISCUSSION. 

Member :  I  would  like  to  ask  Prof.  Lee  if  tubs  have  anything 
to  do  with  mottled  butter. 

Prof.  Lee :  No.  The  churn  has  something  to  do  with  it.  All 
churns  are  not  alike  and  you  have  to  work  your  butter  according 
to  the  churn  you  use.    You  have  to  study  your  conditions. 

Member :  Does  the  temperature  of  the  salt  and  the  wash  water 
have  anything  to  do  with  mottles? 

Prof.  Lee :  The  temperature  of  the  salt  has  in  an  indirect  way. 
The  temperature  of  the  wash  water  has  nothing  to  do  with  it, 
neither  does  the  temperature  of  the  cream.  The  buttermaker 
must  study  his  conditions  and  work  accordingly.  Our  butter  is 
not  uniform  enough.    One  churning  may  have  5  per  cent  salt  and 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       501 

the  next  one  only  1  per  cent.     It  is  just  as  important  to  know 
what  our  salt  content  is  as  it  is  to  know  the  moisture  content. 

Member:  How  about  shrinkage?  How  much  should  properly 
made  butter  ought  to  shrink? 

Prof.  Lee :  There  is  very  little  shrinkage  in  butter  between  the 
creamery  and  the  market.  The  shrinkage  is  due  to  the  system  of 
weighing  butter.  I  think  the  buttermakers  of  the  country  ought 
to  demand  a  change  in  the  system  of  weighing  butter  at  the 
receiving  end. 

WEDNESDAY  AFTERNOON. 

The  Chairman:  The  subject  of  gasoline  engines  for  creamery 
power  is  receiving  a  good  deal  of  attention  lately,  and  as  Mr. 
Sadler  has  been  making  quite  extensive  experiments  in  his 
creameries  w^e  have  asked  him  to  address  us  on  this  subject. 

POWER  EFFICIENCY. 

BY  E.   T.    SADLER,    WATERLOO,   IOWA. 

When  I  began  my  experiment  with  the  gasoline  engine  and  small 
boiler  combination  as  a  means  of  reducing  the  power  cost  in  the  cream- 
ery I  did  it  for  two  reasons.  One  was  to  cut  my  own  expense  in  two  and 
the  other  was  to  have  practical  experience  and  data  to  offer  Creamery 
Journal  readers  that  they  may  benefit  by  it  if  they  desire. 

My  article  in  last  September's  Creamery  Journal,  while  it  was  rather 
incomplete,  started  a  great  many  creamerymen  to  thinking,  and  as  soon 
as  they  gave  the  matter  serious  thought  the  conclusion  was  to  reduce  their 
expense,  I  received  dozens  and  dozens  of  inquiries  from  all  over  the 
country  asking  for  information  and  suggestions.  Several  carried  out 
their  intentions  and  are  today  shoveling  less  than  half  the  amount  of 
coal  they  did  before  and  getting  entirely  satisfactory  results. 

In  order  to  get  results  with  a  small  boiler  and  gasoline  engine  they 
must  be  managed  right,  and  before  they  will  be  managed  right  the  butter- 
maker  must  be  in  sympathy  with  the  proposition  and  give  it  his  co- 
operation. Unless  he  does  there  is  no  use  making  the  change.  They  will 
complain  that  the  engine  isn't  large  enough;  that  there  is  never  sufficient 
steam;  that  this,  that  and  the  other  thing  is  wrong.  Nine  times  out  of 
ten  it  is  the  buttermaker  and  not  the  boiler  or  engine. 

Ever  since  the  advent  of  factory  buttermaking  every  creamery  has 
been  equipped  with  mogul  engines  and  boilers  to  handle  three  or  four 
separators,  a  churn,  starter  can  and  pump.  Buttermakers  have  become 
accustomed  to  having  enough  steam  all  the  time  so  they  could  leave  the 
steam  hose  open  for  an  hour  if  they  wanted  to,  or  let  the  valves,  unions, 
etc.,  leak.  I  have  been  in  creameries  where  there  was  enough  steam 
escaping  through  leaky  pipes  to   run  the   engine  had  it  been  properly 


502  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

confined.  The  object  of  a  small  boiler  is  to  reduce  the  amount  of  steam 
and  in  turn  the  amount  of  fuel  burned.  Therefore,  to  make  your  power 
plant  efficient  you  must  utilize  every  pound  of  steam  generated.  Make 
every  ounce  of  steam  do  its  share  of  the  work  to  be  done.  This  can't 
be  accomplished  with  valves  and  unions  leaking  They  must  be  absolutely 
tight.  In  a  whole-milk  creamery  where  there  is  skim-milk  to  pasteurize, 
live  steam  will  have  to  be  used.  I  had  a  fellow  say  to  me:  "By  using 
a  steam  engine  and  big  boiler,  there  is  exhaust  steam  enough  to  pasteurize 
the  skim-mi^.k,  and  I  can't  see  where  I  would  be  anything  ahead  to  use 
a  small  boiler  and  have  to  use  live  steam."  He  was  firing  a  20-horse 
boiler,  running  a  15-horse  engine  and  his  machinery  consisted  of  two 
separators,  churn,  ripener,  etc.  That  idea  (he  said  some  salesman  showed 
him  where  he  was  saving  money  by  using  exhaust  steam  to  pasteurize 
his  skim-milk)  is  costing  that  man  at  least  $15.00  a  month,  and  he  thinks 
he  is  saving  money.    He  bought  a  new  20-horse  boiler  instead  of  a  10. 

Now  I  am  not  trying  to  beat  the  supply  houses  out  of  bigger  sales. 
I  am  simply  showing  what  can  be  done  and  what  eventually  everybody 
is  going  to  be  doing.  In  a  proposition  like  this,  on  one  side  comes  the 
advice  to  put  in  smaller  power  equipment  and  on  the  other  side  the 
advice  is  to  buy  larger  boilers  and  engines.  I  am  not  personally  inter- 
ested in  the  matter  one  way  or  the  other,  but  the  mission  of  a  paper 
like  the  Creamery  Journal  is  to  be  of  assistance  to  its  readers.  I  have 
and  am  practically  demonstrating  every  day  in  three  creameries  under 
my  own  direction  that  it  is  possible  to  reduce  the  fuel  bill  50  per  cent 
and  still  obtain  necessary  results. 

At  the  Deerfield  (Iowa)  creamery  we  have  a  6-horse  engine  and  a  3-horse 
upright  boiler.  During  April  we  manufactured  5,880  pounds  of  butter 
with  twenty  gallons  of  gasoline  at  ten  cents,  and  $4  w^orth  of  coal,  or  a 
total  cost  for  steam  and  power  of  $6.  The  plant  is  seven  miles  in  the 
country  and  the  $4  included  the  cost  of  hauling  the  coal  from  the  town. 
This  is  a  gathered  cream  plant.  The  cream  was  heated  to  seventy  de- 
grees and  held  about  three  hours,  then  cooled  to  fifty-three.  The  engine 
was  in  use  about  an  hour  and  a  half  for  heating  and  cooling,  then  about 
three  hours  the  next  day  for  churning  and  working.  We  do  not  pasteurize 
the  cream.   For  pasteurization  it  would  take  a  larger  boiler. 

At  the  Dewar  plant  w-e  have  a  10-horse  boiler  and  a  6-horse  gasoline 
engine.  We  operate  three  2,500-pound  separators,  a  700-pound  churn, 
ripener,  starter  can,  pump,  etc.  We  churn  and  separate  with  the  6-horse 
engine,  and  have  a  small  1^2  horse  engine  which  we  use  for  cooling. 
During  April  we  handled  about  5,000  pounds  of  milk  per  day,  pasteurized 
the  starter  and  skim-milk,  heated  the  milk  before  separation,  heated  water 
for  cleaning  purposes  and  operated  the  tester  with  160  pounds  of  coal 
per  day.  The  coal  cost  $4  per  ton,  or  twenty  cents  per  100  pounds,  or  a 
total  cost  of  thirty-two  cents  per  day.  The  two  engines  consumed  on  an 
average  of  twenty  cents  worth  of  gasoline  per  day,  or  a  total  cost  for  fuel 
of  fifty-two  cents,  which  amounted  to  $15.60  for  thirty  days.  With  our 
old  power  plant — a  20-horse  boiler  and  a  20-horse  engine — the  cost  for 
practically  the  same  amount  of  milk  was  $39.40.  At  that  time  it  took 
100  pounds  of  coal  per  day  just  to  bank  the  fire. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       503 

When  we  first  connected  the  10-horse  boiler  we  were  unable  to  keep  up 
steam,  but  as  soon  as  all  the  leaks  were  stopped,  the  pipe  leading  to 
the  skim-milk  tank  covered  with  asbestos  to  prevent  condensation,  we 
had  no  trouble  whatever.  We  found  that  by  having  100  pounds  of  steam 
up  before  starting  that  it  not  only  required  less  fuel  but  less  attention. 
The  more  pressure  there  is  to  steam  the  more  efficient  it  is.  To  be  sure, 
a  small  boiler  requires  more  attention,  but  not  so  much  as  to  be  im- 
practical. Mr.  Edwards  goes  out  to  the  creamery  in  the  morning,  gets 
his  churning  started,  and  has  up  steam  by  the  time  he  is  ready  for  it, 
thus  saving  fuel  and  time. 

In  creameries  where  the  building  is  heated  in  the  winter  by  steam 
radiators,  the  steam  must  be  kept  up  all  the  time  and  the  small  boiler 
Yvould  not  be  practical.  But  there  are  hundreds  of  small  plants  like  the 
one  at  Dewar  where  a  stove  is  used  for  heating  purposes.  I  am  not 
recommending  this  combination  as  being  practical  in  all  cases,  but  expect 
managers  to  use  judgment  in  comparing  their  plants  with  the  ones  which 
I  have  mentioned. 

It  will  be  obvious  to  all  that  we  could  handle  10,000  pounds  of  milk 
with  a  small  increase  in  cost  over  that  required  for  5,000. 

I  am  not  alone  in  my  enthusiasm  over  this  economical  and  efficient 
power  plant.  Every  place  where  they  are  used  nothing  but  satisfaction 
is  expressed  and  not  one  would  consider  going  back  to  the  big  boiler  and 
steam  engine. 

R.  B.  Young,  president  of  the  Iowa  State  Dairy  Association  and 
manager  of  the  Buffalo  Center  Farmers'  Creamery  Company,  writes  that 
they  have  installed  the  gasoline  engine  and  small  boiler  combination  and 
have  reduced  their  cost  more  than  50  per  cent.  Ask  him  whether  he 
would  go  back  to  the  expensive  method. 

C.  N.  Hart,  president  of  the  Iowa  Buttermakers'  Association  and  the 
buttermaker  for  the  Plymouth  Co-Operative  Creamery  Company,  writes 
under  date  of  May  13th: 

"We  have  changed  our  power  from  steam  to  gasoline  and  have  been 
using  the  latter  since  the  5th  of  April.  We  are  well  pleased  with  the 
change.  We  installed  a  6-horse  Economist  boiler  and  a  10-horse  gasoline 
engine,  and  our  fuel  bill  for  the  first  month  will  not  exceed  $8.50.  Our 
make  during  that  time  was  fifty  tubs  of  butter  per  week." 

The  writer  read  a  paper  on  this  subject  at  the  Waterloo  and  Green 
Bay  conventions  and  in  both  places  my  conclusions  were  verified  by 
different  buttermakers  who  were  using  gasoline  power. 

B.  T.  Soles,  of  Fern,  Iowa,  is  an  enthusiastic  user  of  the  gasoline  engine 
and  small  boiler  combination.  In  a  recent  interview,  he  told  me  that 
he  made  228  tubs  of  butter  with  fifty-two  gallons  of  gasoline.  He  operates 
two  deep-well  pumps,  one  300-gallon  Wizard  and  one  600-gallon  Wizard 
ripener  and  a  900-pound  churn  with  a  twelve-horse  gasoline  engine  and  an 
eight-horse  boiler.  He  ran  his  engine  an  average  of  nine  hours  per  day. 
Thus  you  will  see  that  his  power  for  manufacturing  14,136  pounds  of 
butter  cost  $6.24.  He  did  not  know  just  how  much  coal  he  burned  in 
the  little  boiler,  but  said  it  was  a  very  small  amount.  He  volunteered 
the  information  that  they  paid  $500  for  the  engine  and  boiler  and  that 


504  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

they  saved  the  price  of  them  the  first  twelve  months  they  were  operated 
over  what  it  cost  them  to  run  the  big  boiler  and  steam  engine.  He 
further  stated  that  the  secretary  of  his  creamery  said  they  would  be 
money  ahead  if  they  had  to  buy  a  new  engine  and  boiler  every  two  years, 
and  the  figures  gave  him  ample  backing  in  that  statement.  Mr.  Soles 
remarked  that  he  would  hate  to  go  back  in  a  creamery  where  he  had  to 
operate  a  big  boiler  and  steam  engine. 

This  is  only  one  of  many  instances  I  could  cite  you  to  where  the  gaso- 
line engine  and  small  boiler  combination  is  proving  just  as  successful. 

As  another  evidence  that  I  do  not  stand  alone  in  my  recommendations 
for  the  gasoline  engine,  I  quote  the  following  from  F.  E.  Willoughby,  who 
has  made  extensive  investigations  along  this  line.    He  writes: 

"The  chief  difference  between  the  creameryman  who  succeeds  and  the 
one  who  does  not,  is  this:  The  successful  creamery  man  is  forever  seek- 
ing newer  and  more  efficient  methods  of  operating  his  plant.  The  unsuc- 
cessful one  is  generally  obsessed  with  the  idea  that  he  is  too  busy  and 
can't  afford  to  waste  his  time  on  what  he  considers  (because  he  has  not 
taken  time  to  investigate)    impractical  and  vagarious. 

"There  always  have  been,  and  probably  always  will  be,  men  who  can 
flash  up  fifty-seven  reasons  why  a  thing  can't  be  done.  Watt  was  wasting 
his  time;  Stephenson,  Pulton,  McCormick,  Edison  and  Marconi  were  'im- 
practical,' according  to  the  men  who  have  always  had  fifty-seven  can'ts 
on  tap.  Nevertheless,  while  the  can'ters  can'ted,  these  great  men  did  the 
things  that  count. 

"There  are  probably  fifty-seven  good  'can'ts'  why  a  gasoline  engine  is 
not  adapted  for  use  in  a  creamery.  We  have  heard  them  all.  The  evidence 
of  the  value  or  adaptability  of  any  machine  is  its  behavior  in  practice,  all 
the  can'ts  in  the  world  to  the  contrary,  notwithstanding.  The  proof  of 
the  pudding  is  in  the  eating.  Not  only  can  the  gasoline  engine  be  used 
In  the  creamery  and  effect  a  big  saving  but  it  is  being  done.  In  actual 
service  the  gasoline  engine  has  demonstrated  that  its  use  in  the  creamery 
means  a  saving  of  fuel,  labor  and  time.  In  reply  to  an  inquiry  sent  out, 
one  creamery  man,  who  is  operating  three  plants  and  using. gasoline  en- 
gines in  all  of  them,  says,  after  enumerating  a  number  of  the  advantages 
of  the  gasoline  over  the  steam  engine:  'The  advantages  are  so  many 
that  it  would  take  me  too  long  to  explain  them  all  here.' 

"Another  writes,  regarding  an  8  H.  P.  gasoline  engine  he  is  using: 
'I  use  it  for  all  my  creamery  power,  except  running  the  turbine  tester.  I 
churn,  separate,  pump  and  run  the  power  ripener  with  it.  Also  can  make 
ice  cream  with  it  as  power.  I  save  about  an  hour  mornings,  as  we  do  not 
have  to  wait  to  get  up  steam  before  churning.  I  have  a  boiler  for  heating 
water,  but  only  need  a  small  amount  of  steam  and  so  use  little  coal,  ex- 
cept for  heating  in  winter.  I  find  coal  and  gasoline  bills  together  are 
less  than  two-thirds  what  my  coal  bill  alone  was  when  I  used  steam. 
We  have  to  use  power  for  an  hour  or  two  evenings  in  cooling  and  temper- 
ing the  cream,  but  do  not  need  to  keep  a  head  of  steam  for  this  purpose, 
now  that  we  have  the  gasoline  engine.  When  its  work  is  done  we  shut  it 
off,  and  there  is  no  waste,  as  in  the  case  of  steam.  I  find  this  engine  wilL 
carry  two  churns  and  the  separator  and  pump  without  slowing  the  speed. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       505 

while  a  load  of  this  kind  with  my  10  H.  P.  steam  engine  would  materially 
check  the  speed,  unless  I  had  a  heavy  head  of  steam.' " 

Again  I  quote  from  the  bulletin  recently  sent  out  by  the  Minnesota 
State  Creamery,  at  Albert  Lea: 

"The  gasoline  engine  for  creamery  or  cheese  factory  use  is  attracting 
considerable  attention  now,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  it  is  more 
economical  than  steam  in  a  great  many  creameries.  The  creameries  that 
receive  hand  separator  cream  only  will  find  that  by  using  a  gasoline  en- 
gine and  a  smaller  boiler  their  fuel  bill  will  be  materially  reduced.  Tlie 
size  of  the  gasoline  engine  that  is  necessary  will  vary  from  six  to  ten 
horsepower,  and  the  boiler  used  in  connection  with  it  would  vary  in  size 
from  eight  to  twenty  horsepower.  The  size  of  the  gasoline  engine  needed 
will  depend  on  the  amount  of  machinery  used  in  the  creamery,  ^vhile  the 
size  of  the  boiler  needed  will  depend  on  whether  cream  is  pasteurized  or 
not.  It  is,  however,  best  to  install  a  boiler  large  enough  to  take  care  of 
any  increase  in  business  for  some  time  to  come. 

"It  is  always  advisable  to  buy  a  horizontal  boiler,  even  though  it  is  of 
small  size,  as  it  is  more  economical  than  is  an  upright  boiler. 

"In  the  w^hole-milk  creamery  it  is  best  to  continue  using  the  steam 
engine,  as  it  is  a  little  more  dependable  where  the  farmer  has  to  wait  for 
his  skim-milk,  and  then  considerable  steam  is  used  for  heating  the  skim- 
milk  and  the  exhaust  from  the  steam  engine  can  be  used  for  this  purpose. 
There  are,  however,  some  creameries  handling  whole  milk  that  use  gaso- 
line power  with  good  results." 

Regarding  the  danger  of  gasoline  odor  tainting  the  butter.  To  be  sure 
it  will,  if  the  fumes  are  exposed  to  the  cream  and  are  in  the  work  room, 
but  it  is  no  more  necessary  than  getting  separator  oil  in  your  cream.  AH 
you  need  to  do  is  to  keep  it  out.  At  Dewar  we  operated  our  engine  for. 
three  or  four  months  within  three  feet  of  the  cream  vat,  piping  the  ex- 
haust up  through  the  roof.  We  did  this  because  at  that  time  there  was 
no  other  place  for  it.  We  experienced  some  trouble  with  gasoline  taints, 
but  we  now  have  it  in  a  room  by  itself  and  there  is  absolutely  no  odor 
and  we  have  no  more  trouble. 

As  to  the  dependability  of  the  gasoline  engine,  Mr.  Edwards  has  expe- 
rienced trouble  but  once,  and  that  was  soon  overcome  without  delay  to  the 
farmers.  You  must  supply  your  engine  with  gasoline  and  sparks,  and  as 
long  as  you  do  that  your  engine  will  -run.  Occasionally  some  little  cast- 
ing will  wear  out,  but  it  is  quickly  replaced.  We  have  a  friction  clutch, 
operated  from  the  work  room  by  a  lever. 

The  question  of  whether  a  gasoline  engine  and  small  boiler  is  economi- 
cal for  your  creamery  is  up  to  you  to  decide.  When  you  begin  thinking 
of  a  change  there  will  be  several  who  will  discourage  the  idea.  Simply 
accept  practical  facts  and  decide  for  yourself,  as  you  are  the  one  who  is 
burning  the  coal. 

I  will  be  very  glad  to  answer  any  inquiries  I  can  regarding  the  size 
of  engine,  boiler,  etc.,  and  to  help  anyone  who  wants  to  reduce  their 
power  cost. 

The  time  is  coming — yes,  it  is  at  hand,  when  our  creameries  must  be 
more  efficient,  and  the  first  place  to  begin  working  for  efficiency  is  at  the 


506  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

power   plant.     Every   other   phase    of   butter-making   has    advanced    with 
twentieth  century  progress. 

If  you  are  progressive,  investigate  your  system  of  furnishing  steam 
and  power. 

The  Chairman:  We  will  next  listen  to  an  address  on  "Starters" 
by  Mr.  T.  E.  Gulp,  of  Lincoln,  Neb. 

COMMERCIAL  STARTER. 

BY  T.  E.  CULP,   LINCOLN,  NEB. 

The  huttermaker  of  today  has  no  other  work  that  requires  so  much 
observation  and  practice  combined  with  good  common  sense  as  the  prepa- 
ration of  the  starter.  During  the  last  few  years  the  use  of  a  commercial 
starter  in  the  creamery  has  become  indispensable  in  the  manufacture  of  a 
first  grade  butter.  A  greater  knowledge  of  the  use  and  cultivation  of  lac- 
tic acid  fermentations  is  not  only  considered  advisable  but  essential  in 
modern  dairy  education.  In  proportion  as  we  gain  a  knowledge  of  the 
use  of  a  lactic  ferment  culture  in  buttermaking  do  our  methods  readjust 
themselves  to  changed  conditions  and  tastes.  Even  with  this  later  knowl- 
edge of  manufacture  there  are  times  when  the  quality  of  our  butter  is 
not  as  palatable  as  it  might  be.  This  to  a  degree  is  due  to  a  lack  of 
knowledge  of  the  flavor  producing  organism  known  as  the  lactic  acid 
bacteria  of  plant.  The  lactic  acid  producing  germ,  under  normal  condi- 
tions and  temperatures,  is  the  buttermaker's  best  friend.  By  its  proper 
use  abnormal  fermentations  affecting  the  quality  of  butter  may  readily  be 
prevented  and  the  desirable  flavors  insured  in  the  finished  product. 

Diverse  methods  of  handling  and  ripening  of  cream  have  been  tried, 
but  none  of  these  so  far  has  proven  as  successful  as  the  use  of  a  pure 
commercial  starter.  Lactic  acid  acts  as  a  germicide  on  obnoxious  germs 
and  prevents  the  development  of  bad  fiavors  and  taints  common  in  cream 
or  milk,  thus  its  value  can  not  be  over-estimated. 

The  first  step  to  be  considered  in  the  manufacture  of  starter  would 
naturally  be  the  selection  of  the  milk  to  be  inoculated.  This  in  itself 
is  one  of  the  most  important  steps  and  requires  close  study.  In  the  selec- 
tion of  a  good  milk  several  things  must  be  taken  into  consideration. 
First,  to  obtain  the  proper  results  it  is  quite  necessary  to  use  only  the 
cleanest,  sweetest  and  freshest  milk  from  a  healthy  herd.  Milk  from  the 
same  cow  varies  in  character  to  such  an  extent  that  the  closest  attention 
in  examining  the  milk  from  day  to  day  is  required  to  insure  the  best  re- 
sults. Again,  the  surroundings  during  the  milking  operation  should  be 
closely  protected  against  the  many  varieties  of  bacteria.  Many  of  the 
changes  of  these  undesirables  are  so  complex  that  they  can  not  be  dis- 
cussed in  a  paper  of  this  nature.  The  fats  are  little  affected  by  the 
growth  of  bacteria  in  milk.  On  the  other  hand  the  sugar  is  frequently 
fermented  and  various  acids,  gases  and  alcohol  may  result.  The  casein 
and  the  albumin  are  decomposed  by  many  bacteria;  those  develop  sharp 
or  disagreeable  flavors  and  unpleasant  odors.     Again,  it  has  been  shown 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       507 

that  milk  contains  certain  digestive  principles,  the  so-called  unorganized 
fe'rments,  which  slowly  digest  the  milk.  All  these  are  foreign  to  a  good 
starter  and  of  necessity  will  be  guarded  against  in  the  selection  of  milk 
in  which  the  culture  is  expected  to  develop  that  clean  pronounced  flavor 
and  later  aroma  so  desirable  in  the  finished  product. 

The  basis  of  all  life  is  a  jelly-like  substance  known  as  protoplasm. 
In  its  various  forms  it  constitutes  the  actual  living,  changing  part  of 
every  living  thing,  plant  or  animal.  The  simplest  living  things  are  merely 
shapeless  masses  of  this  jelly.  Bacteria  are  tiny  one-celled  plants.  Their 
food  must  be  in  a  condition  to  pass  through  the  cell  wall  to  the  living 
protopasm  within;  it  must  be  in  solution.  Thus  we  note  certain  elements 
and  certain  combinations  of  elements  are  necessary  for  their  growth. 

Milk  ofttimes  acquires  abnormal  flavors  and  odors.  Some  pathological 
conditions  of  the  cow  may  produce  milk  with  an  unusual  flavor.  This 
may  occur  when  she  shows  no  outward  sign  of  disorder  and  usually  lasts 
for  a  short  time  only  and  then  disappears  leaving  the  creamery  man  at 
sea  unless  he  uses  some  chemical  to  develop  the  cause.  Highly  flavored 
foods  often  impart  their  peculiar  flavors  to  the  milk  and  oftentimes  this 
favor  is  so  mild  it  is  not  readily  detected  until  the  starter  has  ripened. 
Warm  milk  especially  takes  up  odors  and  flavors  in  the  surrounding  air 
with  great  rapidity.  Indeed  there  are  so  many  ways  and  conditions  to 
guard  against  in  the  selection  of  milk  for  the  starter  and  each  one  to  be 
treated  differently  to  insure  a  culture  that  is  desirable  that  we  wonder 
that  the  buttermaker  has  been  able  to  attain  the  results  he  has.  Realizing 
as  we  do  the  importance  of  the  necessity  of  selecting  and  knowing  the 
milk  we  use  we  have  dwelt  long  upon  this,  the  flrst  step  in  making  a 
starter. 

The  utensil  to  be  used  must  next  be  considered.  We  have  given  this 
long  and  careful  study  and  prefer  to  use  a  copper  vessel  rather  than  one 
of  tin  or  glass,  and  of  the  latter  two  named  give  the  tin  the  preference. 
Glass  admits  the  sun's  rays  to  bear  upon  its  contents  unless  wrapped 
carefully,  destroying  the  very  life  of  the  bacteria  producing  the  desirable 
flavors.  In  tin,  rust  spots  often  appear  leaving  a  trail  of  victims  in  their 
wake.    Our  experience  has  taught  us  to  use  a  copper  can  well  tinned. 

The  can  should  not  have  an  oval  top,  but  rather  a  flat  one  with  a  well 
fitted  cover  or  lid.  With  an  oval  top  can  we  are  prone  to  fill  only  to  the 
place  where  the  can  begins  to  round  in,  thus  leaving  an  air  space  where 
all  sorts  of  bacterial  formations  get  in  their  work  and  get  mixed  into  the 
culture  and  are  difficult  to  weed  out.  Therefore,  you  will  please  allow 
us  to  repeat — use  a  copper  pail  or  can,  well  tinned  upon  the  inside,  and 
fill  it  full  to  the  cover. 

The  pasteurization  of  the  milk  and  the  sterilizing  of  the  can  are  of  vital 
importance,  also  the  preparation  of  the  milk  for  pasteurization.  Warm 
milk  should  never  be  pasteurized  until  it  has  been  thoroughly  cooled. 
Cooking  the  animal  heat  into  the  milk  has  destroyed  many  good  cultures 
and  there  is  but  one  way  to  avoid  this  and  that  is  by  thoroughly  cooling 
the  milk  before  it  is  heated.  One  hundred  eighty  degrees  F.  for  thirty 
minutes  is  usually  all  that  is  necessary  to  prepare  the  milk  for  its  inocu- 
lation, but  there  are  certain  conditions  when  even  this  will  not  bring  the 


508  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

desired  results,  Ofttimes  the  culture  shows  a  slight  separation,  a  lumpy 
or  curdy  condition,  the  tendency  toward  a  sharp  acid  is  quite  prominent 
and  divers  other  off  qualities  appear  which  necessitate  a  caramelizing  of 
the  sugar  in  the  milk,  thus  producing  what  is  commonly  called  a  red  cul- 
ture. This  can  be  readily  overcome  by  heating  to  190  degrees  and  holding 
for  three  or  four  hours  before  cooling.  This  will  remove  very  many  of 
the  defects  in  the  old  culture. 

The  variation  of  but  a  few  degrees  will  injure  the  development  of  a 
strong  growth  of  bacteria.  The  amount  of  inoculation  used  should  govern 
the  time  to  ripen,  not  the  temperature.  Each  particular  variety  of  bac- 
teria has  an  upper  and  lower  temperature  limit  beyond  which  it  will  not 
grow,  and  a  certain  temperature,  called  optimum,  at  which  it  grows  the 
best.  The  optimum  should  be  ascertained  promptly  and  never  vary.  In 
other  words,  climatize  the  plant  and  build  your  culture  in  its  climate. 
We  desire  to  repeat:  inoculation,  not  temperature,  should  govern  time  of 
thickening  or  ripening. 

HOW  TO  EXAMINE  CULTURE. 

The  first  examination  should  be  by  sight.  First  look  for  gas  holes; 
second  wheying,  color  and  quantity;  third,  sediment,  cause  and  quantity; 
fourth,  body — soft,  smooth,  harsh  or  hard;  fifth,  body  after  breaking — 
creamy,  silky,  lumpy,  sloppy;  sixth,  aroma — clean,  unclean;  seventh,  flavor 
— clean,  milk,  sharp,  unclean,  flat;   eighth,  acid — tongue,  palate. 

SCORING. 

The  culture  should  be  scored  each  day;  from  this  practice  we  acquire 
a  knowledge  that  can  not  be  gained  in  any  other  way. 

The  method  we  have  adopted  for  our  own  use  is  very  simple  and  has 
aided  us  in  accomplishing  a  great  deal  in  the  matter  of  developing  a 
good  culture.  We  give  flavor  forty-five,  body  thirty  and  acid  twenty-five, 
making  a  total  of  100  points  perfect.  Our  foremost  thoughts  in  this  discus- 
sion are  sanitation  and  system.  Without  these  two  we  believe  it  is  next 
to  impossible  to  be  a  successful  builder  of  a  good  culture. 

The  Chairman :  It  is  a  pleasure  to  have  Prof.  Mortensen,  of 
Ames,  with  us  today.  He  will  talk  to  us  on  ''The  Modern  Iowa 
Creamery. ' ' 

MODERN  CREAMERY  CONSTRUCTION. 

BY  PROF.   M.  MORTENSEN,  AMES,  IOWA. 

There  has  been  much  interest  manifested  in  the  local  creamery  during 
the  past  two  years,  consequently  many  new  local  plants  have  been  erected. 
The  enthusiasm  has  even  reached  such  a  pitch  that  creameries  have 
been  built  at  places  where  the  farmers  are  not  producing  enough  milk 
to  support  them.  This  over-enthusiasm  should  be  avoided.  The  local 
conditions  should  be  thoroughly  studied  before  investing  money  in  such 
an  enterprise  for,  although  the  local  creamery  is  a  very  valuable  institu- 
tion we  should  not  disregard  the  fact  that  the  cow  is  the  most  important 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       509 

prerequisite  for  the  successful  operation  of  a  creamery.  Unless  the  loca- 
tion is  such  that  the  creamery  can  engage  in  sidelines  such  as  ice  cream, 
sweet  cream,  etc.,  it  can  hardly  be  considered  safe  to  start  a  creamery 
unless  the  raw  product  from  not  less  than  600  cows  is  assured. 

The  local  town  organizations,  such  as  the  commercial  clubs  and  similar 
bodies,  should  be  ready  and  willing  to  assist  the  farmers  in  organizing 
It  is  often  that  the  town  people  are  in  a  better  position  to  sell  stock  for 
the  proposed  organization  than  the  farmers  themselves.  The  subscrip- 
tion of  stock  should  not  become  payable  until  a  given  number  of  cows 
have  been  subscribed.  If  the  total  amount  of  stock  cannot  be  sold  to  the 
farmers  then  the  town  people  should  be  willing  to  show  their  faith  in  the 
institution  by  subscribing  for  a  limited  amount  of  stock.  It  is  advisable, 
however,  that  the  producers  own  the  controlling  interest,  for  if  the  man- 
agement of  the  plant  is  in  the  hands  of  the  non-producers  then  the  farm- 
ers are  apt  to  become  more  or  less  dissatisfied  and  such  a  creamery  is  less 
liable  to  be  successful  than  a  strictly  individual  concern. 

After  a  sufficient  amount  of  stock  has  been  sold  and  the  desired  num- 
ber of  cows  assured  a  meeting  of  the  proposed  stockholders  is  called  for 
the  purpose  of  organizing.  Temporary  officers  and  directors  are  elected 
and  a  building  committee  is  appointed.  Often  the  directors  constitute 
this  committee.  The  building  committee  should  present  plans  and  speci- 
fications and  estimate  the  cost  of  a  plant  which  they  would  consider  most 
suitable  for  the  proposed  creamery,  and  if  such  are  accepted  by  the  stock- 
holders it  should  be  left  to  the  building  committee  to  have  the  creamery 
built  and  equipped. 

At  the  first  regular  stockholders'  meeting  articles  of  incorporation  and 
by-laws  should  be  drawn  and  adopted.  The  dairy  department  of  the  Iowa 
Agricultural  College  always  stands  ready  to  assist  in  organizing  such 
associations  and  can  furnish  articles  of  incorporation  and  by-laws  and 
also  assist  in  preparing  plans  and  specifications  for  the  building. 

.  It  is  a  pleasure  to  note  that  the  creameries  erected  during  recent  years 
are  far  superior  to  the  creameries  built  a  few  years  ago.  The  frame  build- 
ing is  now  practically  being  discarded  for  creamery  purposes  and  it  is 
proper  that  it  should  be  for  it  is  less  sanitary,  more  expensive  to  retain 
and  affords  no  protection  against  fire.  It  is  therefore  not  without  good 
reason  that  during  the  past  two  years  several  frame  structures  have  been 
abandoned  and  up-to-date,  practically  fire  proof  structures  erected  in 
place  thereof.  It  is  true  that  a  practically  fire  proof  structure  will  cost 
more  than  a  frame  building,  but  the  difference  between  the  two,  consider- 
ing a  building  30  by  60  feet,  should  not  exceed  $1,000  and  the  difference 
in  insurance  between  the  two  buildings,  not  considering  the  difference 
in  durability  of  the  two,  will  more  than  offset  the  extra  cost. 

The  cost  of  the  building  is  governed  by  the  amount  of  building  material 
used  and  kind  of  building  material.  The  amount  of  building  material  is 
governed  by  the  size  of  the  building,  the  strength  of  the  building  and 
the  amount  of  inside  partition  required. 

Specifications  should  be  clear  on  all  points  so  that  they  cannot  in  any 
way  be  misinterpreted.  The  following  may  serve  as  a  general  form  of 
specification : 


510  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

I.  List  of  drawings. 

II.  Instructions  to  bidders. 

III.  Form  of  bid. 

IV.  General  conditions:  1,  bids;  2,  bonds;  3,  materials  and  labor;  4, 
cleaning;  5,  public  ordinances;  6,  permits;  7,  payments;  8,  schedule;  9, 
cutting;  10,  faulty  work;  11,  contractor;  12,  patents;  13,  extra  work; 
14,  verifying  measurements;   15,  time  for  completion;   16,  drawings. 

V.  Mason  work;  1,  excavating;  2,  backfilling;  3,  removing  rubbish;  4, 
concrete  footings  and  walls;  5,  brick  work;  6,  stack;  7,  mortar;  8,  arches; 
9,  cement  floors;    10,  sills;    11,  bearing  plates;    12,  coping. 

VI.  Lathing  and  plastering:  1,  lathing;  2,  plaster;  3,  patching,  etc.;  4, 
curb;  5,  bumpers. 

VII.  Carpenter  work;  1,  dimension  lumber;  2,  girders;  3,  anchors;  4, 
rafters;  5,  roof  sheathing;  6,  window  frames;  7,  sash;  8,  wood  centers;  9, 
door  frames;  10,  doors;  11,  wood  floors;  12,  inside  finish;  13,  glazing;  14, 
ceiling;   15,  hardware. 

VIII.  Sheet  metal  work  and  roofing;  1,  gutter  and  down  spout;  2, 
counter  flashings;  3,  roof. 

IX.  Painting;  1,  general  conditions;  2,  knots  and  sap;  3,  puttying;  4, 
priming;  5,  painting;  6,  floors. 

In  outlining  the  floor  plan  of  a  creamery  plenty  of  room  should  be  al- 
lowed but  no  more  than  can  conveniently  be  utilized.  The  machinery 
should  be  so  placed  as  to  avoid  waste  space  and  so  that  the  factory  may  be 
operated  with  the  least  possible  amount  of  labor.  It  is  poor  policy  to 
economize  on  space  where  more,  in  reality,  is  needed.  Two  places  where 
such  economy  is  often  visible  are  the  coal  room  and  the  supply  room.  The 
coal  room  for  most  creameries  should  be  large  enough  so  it  will  hold  a 
carload  of  coal.  The  supply  room  for  a  creamery  with  from  600  to  1,000 
cows  should  have  a  floor  space  of  not  less  than  250  square  feet  and  it 
should  be  conveniently  located  and  in  a  place  where  all  dust  is  excluded. 
It  should  furthermore  be  kept  dry.  The  writer  has  in  mind  a  creamery 
which  was  recently  built  having  a  supply  room  11  by  8  feet  and  in  order 
to  save  space  there  was  only  one  door,  and  that  was  an  outside  door 
leading  to  the  room.  Consequently  the  supplies  had  to  be  carried  on  the 
outside  of  the  building  for  about  25  feet.  Another  creamery  was  built 
with  a  supply  room  of  nearly  the  same  size  but  with  the  entrance  close 
to  the  coal  room.  In  this  case  many  of  the  supplies  are  badly  damaged 
by  coal  dust. 

Creameries  erected  by  the  college  during  the  past  year  have  been 
erected  from  cement  blocks,  bricks,  hollow  tile  and  hollow  tile  and  brick. 
In  the  latter  case  the  outside  wall  consisted  of  four-inch  brick,  the  inside 
of  four-inch  hollow  tile,  leaving  a  two-inch  air  space  between  the  two. 
For  inside  partitions  hollow  tile  was  used  and  for  roofing  fire  proof  mate- 
rial. A  building  thus  constructed  and  of  a  size  30  by  60  feet  can  be  built 
for  about  $3,000.  A  building  of  the  same  size  but  constructed  from  ce- 
ment blocks  will  cost  about  $2,000.  A  creamery  of  the  size  mentioned  can 
be  built  and  equipped  for  about  $4,500,  but  not  less  than  $5,000  should  be 
subscribed  in  order  that  they  may  have  sufficient  left  for  working  capital. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       511 

The  Chairman:  Mr.  F.  L.  Odell,  the  government  expert,  is 
with  us,  and  I  am  going  to  call  on  him  to  offer  criticisms  on  the 
butter  exhibit. 

Mr.  Odell :  Mr.  President  and  members  of  the  Iowa  State  Dairy 
Association:  I  haven't  any  criticisms  to  offer  by  any  means.  It 
is  the  finest  exhibit  of  butter  I  ever  saw,  and  I  think  the  butter- 
makers  of  Iowa  ought  to  be  proud  of  themselves  for  making 
butter  of  such  quality.  I  notice  in  The  Creamery  Journal  that 
the  10  highest  scores  averaged  96.98,  and  I  believe  the  average 
for  the  entire  exhibit  will  be  the  highest  ever  exhibited  in  Iowa. 

My  criticisms  are  very  few.  There  were  a  few  tubs  that  were 
poor.  The  conditions  under  which  this  poor  butter  was  made  I 
am  unable  to  tell  you.  There  is  one  thing  in  particular  I  wish  to 
congratulate  the  buttermakers  on  and  that  is  the  nice  appearance 
of  the  packages  and  the  workmanship.  There  were  a  few  spruce 
tubs,  and  I  wish  it  were  possible  to  do  away  with  them  entirely 
and  use  only  white  ash.  We  found  a  very  few  mottles  and  some 
defects  in  body,  and  one  or  two  we  criticised  on  salt.  As  a  whol6 
it  was  an  excellent  lot  of  butter.    I  thank  you. 

THURSDAY  MORNING,  11  O'CLOCK. 

The  Chairman  :  According  to  our  by-laws,  this  is  the  time  for 
the  election  of  officers.  The  first  nomination  to  be  made  is  for 
president. 

Mr.  Barney:  In  picking  the  officers  of  this  association  there 
are  a  number  of  things  to  be  taken  into  consideration,  and  es- 
pecially that  of  president.  Having  held  that  office,  I  kiiow  some- 
thing of  the  duties  that  are  incumbent  upon  him.  It  not  only 
requires  a  good  man  in  the  chair  but  a  man  willing  to  give  of  his 
time  liberally  and  a  man  who  has  the  interests  of  dairying  at 
heart.  I  know  of  no  man  in  Iowa  who  has  done  more  work  for 
the  upbuilding  of  the  dairy  business  in  Iowa — a  man  who  has  al- 
ways been  willing  to  lend  a  helping  hand  when  he  could — than 
Judge  W.  B.  Quarton,  of  Algona,  and  I  take  pleasure  in  placing 
bis  nomination  for  the  office  of  president  of  this  association. 

There  were  no  other  nominations  and  Judge  Quarton  was 
unamimously  elected. 

Mr.  Quarton :  I  assure  you  that  I  regard  the  honor  you  have 
placed  upon  me  as  one  of  the  greatest  you  have  to  offer,  and  I 


512  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

assure  you  that  I  appreciate  it.  I  know  something  of  the  burdens 
it  carries  with  it.  I  feel  very  much  encouraged  over  the  dairy 
interests  of  Iowa,  and  if  we  can  make  it  grow  as  it  has  been  grow- 
ing we  can  make  it  one  of  the  greatest  dairy  states  in  the  union. 
1  have  nothing  to  say  as  to  what  I  will  do.  I  will  administer  the 
duties  of  the  office  as  well  as  I  can. 

The  following  officers  were  unanimously  elected  :  Vice-president, 
(t.  Kolthoff,  Britt;  secretary,  J.  J.  Ross,  low^a  Falls;  treasurer, 
E.  T.  Sadler,  Waterloo. 

RESOLUTIONS. 

The  Iowa  State  Dairy  Association  meets  in  its  36th  annual  con- 
vention under  most  favorable  conditions  and  most  congenial  environ- 
ment. The  interest  of  our  people  has  been  stimulated  to  enthusiasm  by 
the  splendid  show  of  dairy  cattle  and  the  high  quality  of  dairy  products 
here  exhibited.  The  display  of  up-to-date  devices  for  the  equipment  of 
farm  and  factory  has  not  been  excelled  and  all  augur  well  for  the  future 
of  Iowa's  dairy  industry. 

We  believe  the  field  work  should  be  continued  and  recommend  the  sum 
of  $12,500  be  requested  of  the  incoming  general  assembly  for  the  biennial 
period. 

We  wish  to  commend,  in  this  connection,  the  invaluable  assistance  of 
the  railroads  of  Iowa  by  and  through  the  dairy  trains  furnished  entirely 
free  of  expense  to  this  association  or  the  state. 

We  tender  our  appreciation  and  express  our  approval  of  the  work  of 
the  state  dairy  commissioner,  the  dean  of  the  dairy  school  and  their  as- 
sistants. We  heartily  endorse  the  proposed  legislation  for  the  protection 
of  genuine  dairy  products  presented  by  the  National  Dairy  Union  and  in- 
troduced by  Representative  Haugen,  of  this  state  in  the  national  congress. 

This  association  has  been  peculiarly  fortunate  in  the  character  and 
ability  of  its  officers  and  we  congratulate  the  retiring  president,  Mr.  R.  B. 
Young,  and  Vice-president  L.  L.  Flickinger,  upon  the  results  accomplished 
and  progress  made  in  their  official  term. 

To  the  citizens  of  Waterloo  we  can  only  say — You  have  ever  made  us 
welcome  and  the  numerous  conventions  held  within  your  hospitable  gates 
make  our  annual  meetings  a  valuable  renewal  of  social  and  business  ties. 

The  dairy  interests  of  the  west  and  particularly  of  Iowa  have  met  a 
heavy  loss  in  the  recent  death  of  Jules  G.  Lumbard,  one  of  the  organizers 
and  staunchest  supporters  of  the  Iowa  State  Dairy  Association.  For  a 
third  of  a  century  his  presence  was  a  feature  of  our  conventions  and 
thousands  will  recall  the  rugged  personality,  the  intellectual  ability,  the 
wealth  of  wit,  the  vigorous  manhood  tempered  by  the  tenderness  of  wom- 
an, and  hold  in  memory  that  marvelous  voice,  that  fired  the  patriotism 
of  our  armies,  soothed  the  sorrow  of  a  stricken  people  and  ever  encour- 
aged a  better  citizenship.    The  qualities  of  mind  and  heart  and  voice  that 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX      513 

made   Jules   Lumbard   the   friend   of   Abraham   Lincoln   endeared   him   to 
each  of  us. 

Whereas,  the  general  assembly  of  Iowa  has  not,  heretofore,  made  appro- 
priations for  the  purpose  of  indemnifying  owners  of  stock  found  to  be 
diseased,  and,  whereas,  destruction  had  been  recommended  by  the  veteri- 
nary department  of  the  state  and,  whereas,  the  members  of  the  Iowa 
State  Dairy  Association  believe  such  a  fund  should  be  provided  for  such 
purpose,  be  it 

Resolved,  by  the  officers  and  members  of  the  Iowa  State  Dairy  Associa- 
tion in  annual  convention  assembled,  that  we  favor  the  appropriation 
of  $50,000  annually  or  such  part  thereof  as  may  be  necessary  to  be  used 
by  the  animal  health  commission  in  such  manner  as  may  be  determined 
by  the  legislature  for  the  purpose  of  indemnifying  owners  of  domestic 
animals  attacked  by  contagious  diseases,  when  in  the  opinion  of  the 
state  veterinarian  and  the  animal  health  commission  such  animals  should 
be  destroyed  to  prevent  the  further  spread  of  such  disease.   Be  it  further 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  be  instructed  to  present  a  copy  of  this 
resolution  to  the  speaker  of  the  house,  and  the  president  of  the  senate  of 
the  35th  general  assembly. 

W.  B.  Barney, 
E.  M.  Wentworth, 
L.  S.  Edwards. 

E.  S.  Estel,  state  dairy  expert,  made  the  following  report,  which 
was  approved: 

IOWA  STATE  DAIRY  ASSOCIATION— THE  ORGANIZATION  AND  ITS 
ACCOMPLISHMENTS. 

Although  dairying  has  been  an  important  phase  of  Iowa  agriculture 
since  its  beginning,  it  has  never  until  the  past  few  years  received  that 
encouragement  which  has  developed  other  lines  of  farming.  As  a  conse- 
quence, the  Iowa  farmer  and  dairyman  have  been  reluctant  to  accept  im- 
proved methods  of  dairy  husbandry. 

The  creamery  interests  have  made  much  more  rapid  progress  and  to- 
day are  recognized  among  the  most  remunerative  factories  of  Iowa.  The 
education  of  the  buttermakers  and  creamery  managers  has  received  much 
attention  and  their  efficiency  as  manufacturers  of  butter  is  far  in  advance 
of  the  methods  used  for  the  production  of  the  raw  product  on  the  average 
farm.  Realizing  that  there  was  greater  strength  in  co-operation  than 
there  was  in  individual  effort,  the  Iowa  State  Dairy  Association  was  or- 
ganized in  1877.  This  work,  as  in  any  other  line,  needed  some  definite 
foundation,  and  as  there  was  no  large  market  for  the  raw  products  the 
creamery  was  naturally  the  first  to  receive  the  attention  of  the  organizers. 

The  association  gradually  grew  and  acquired  prestige  until  in  1909  it 
had  a  membership  of  over  600  buttermakers,  farmers  and  dairymen.  At 
that  time  it  was  realized  that  in  the  effort  of  advancing  the  manufacture 
of  butter,  there  was  an  important  phase  of  dairying  which  had,  to  a  great 
extent,  been  overlooked,  and  if  the  dairy  industry  of  Iowa  was  to  continue 
33 


514  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

to  advance,  the  cow,  which  is  the  foundation  of  dairying  and  the  source 
of  raw  materia],  must  be  given  consideration. 

In  order  to  render  certain  and  make  rapid  this  improvement,  the  of- 
ficers of  the  association  appealed  to  the  state  legislature  for  assistance. 
It  was  not  a  difficult  task  to  demonstrate  that  an  appropriation  should  be 
rnade  to  assist  this  organization  of  creamerymen  and  dairymen  to  return 
a  great  wealth  and  prosperity  to  the  state.  As  a  result  a  bill  was  passed 
by  the  33d  general  assembly,  authorizing  the  appropriation  of  $10,000, 
and  one  by  the  34th  general  assembly,  for  $7,500,  for  the  purpose  of 
furthering  the  dairy  interests. 

Plans  were  at  once  outlined  to  increase  the  production  of  the  cow  on 
the  farm.  A  dairy  expert,  whose  duties  were  to  direct  the  expenditure 
of  the  appropriation  to  best  advantage,  was  selected.  As  a  result,  a  very 
active  campaign  was  begun,  and  during  the  three  and  one-half  years 
which  have  elapsed,  the  concentrated  efforts  of  all  those  interested  in  bet- 
ter dairying  have  practically  revolutionized  this  industry  on  the  Iowa 
farm.  Extensive  as  are  the  results  already  apparent,  there  are  vast  op- 
portunities for  further  educational  work  in  this  important  department  of 
the  farm.  Although  many  have  become  impressed  with  the  fact  that  the 
good,  well  bred  dairy  cow,  properly  cared  for,  is  the  most  profitable  ani- 
mal, there  are  yet  thousands  who  have  not  learned  that  cows  differ  greatly 
in  production  and  profits.  There  are  many  who  should  yet  be  taught  that, 
of  all  animals,  the  dairy  cow  is  most  efficient  in  conserving  and  building 
up  soil  fertility,  in  addition  to  insuring  immediate  and  certain  profits  to 
her  owner.  In  many  instances,  where  the  dairy  cow  was  formerly  ig- 
nored and  considered  a  necessary  evil,  she  now  occupies  the  most  impor- 
tant position  in  building  up  a  permanent  agriculture. 

THE   DAIRY    TBAINS. 

As  a  means  of  reaching  the  largest  number  of  farmers  and  dairymen 
in  the  shortest  possible  time  the  special  train  was  used  as  a  medium. 
During  the  winter  of  1910  the  first  special  dairy  train  operated  by  the 
association  over  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  state  met  with  exceptional  success.  The  results  of  the  lectures 
delivered  upon  this  first  train  were  of  such  practical  value  that  the 
people  along  the  same  road  demanded  a  similar  opportunity  the  following 
winter.  The  department  granted  their  request  and  in  January,  1911,  began 
a  tour  over  the  same  territory,  meeting  much  larger  and  more  interested 
crowds  than  on  the  previous  visit.  The  Chicago  Great  Western  and  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  roads  were  traversed  during  the  same  season. 
In  1913  the  Illinois  Central  and  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  furnished 
the  equipment  for  the  Iowa  State  Dairy  Association  to  extend  the  infor- 
mation given  by  its  lecturers.  The  six  special  trains  made  496  stops 
where  lectures  and  demonstrations  were  given  to  more  than  200,000  in- 
iercsted  iarmers  and  their  families.  The  trains  have  been  equipped 
with  material  for  assisting  the  lecturers  in  making  the  information  given 
more  practical.  Realizing  the  importance  of  agricultural  education  to  the 
younger  generation  a  special  car  for  the  school  children  has  been  carried 
during  the  past  year.    This  feature  has  proved  very  popular  and  has  re- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       515 

ceived  the  hearty  endorsement  of  all  the  school  superintendents  along  the 
various  lines. 

The  results  of  these  trains  may  be  found  in  every  locality  that  they 
visited.  Farmers  have  become  more  interested.  They  have  substituted 
good  cows  for  poor  ones;  placed  at  the  heads  of  their  herds  pure  bred 
dairy  sires;  erected  silos;  organized  cow  testing  associations;  are  raising 
clover  and  alfalfa  hay  where  less  valuable  timothy  hay  formerly  grew, 
and  in  fact,  are  demonstrating  in  many  ways  that  the  information  given 
in  the  lectures  can  be  applied  in  a  practical  manner  on  the  average  farm. 
Due  to  this  success  the  department  has  had  requests,  and  arrangements 
have  been  completed,  for  the  operation  of  similar  trains  during  the  com- 
ing month. 

CREAMERY  MEETINGS. 

The  dairy  association  has  been  active  in  perfecting  dairymen's  organ- 
izations throughout  the  state.  It  has  co-operated  with  the  state  dairy 
commissioner's  department  in  holding  meetings  at  creameries  where,  due 
to  local  conditions,  interest  has  been  somewhat  lost.  Since  the  employ- 
ment of  the  state  dairy  expert,  184  meetings  have  been  held  for  the  as- 
sistance of  creameries. 

farmers'  institutes. 

The  lecturers  employed  by  the  organization  have  received  many  re- 
quests from  the  secretaries  of  farmers'  institutes  to  deliver  lectures  on 
subjects  pertaining  to  the  development  of  the  industry  on  the  Iowa  farm. 
Although  this  phase  of  the  work  has  just  been  inaugurated  during  the 
past  year,  fifty-four  farmers'  institutes  have  been  visited. 

NORTH   IOWA   DAIRY   IMPROVEMENT  ASSOCIATION. 

One  of  the  most  potent  factors  demonstrating  the  opportunities  for 
improving  dairy  conditions  in  Iowa  has  been  revealed  by  the  North  Iowa 
Dairy  Improvement  Association.  This  organization  was  founded  by  the 
state  dairy  association  with  the  assistance  of  the  state  dairy  commis- 
sioners. It  comprises  nine-co-operative  creameries  located  in  "Worth,  Win- 
nebago and  Cerro  Gordo  counties.  The  object  of  this  co-operative  society 
is  to  assist  the  creameries  in  manufacturing  the  high  grade  product  and 
also  to  aid  the  farmers  in  increasing  the  production  of  their  cows.  The 
organization  is  self-sustaining  and  employs  a  dairy  expert  who  is  active 
in  promoting  every  phase  of  the  work  that  would  be  practical  and  helpful. 
A  bulletin  issued  by  the  dairy  expert  on  this  phase  of  the  association's 
v/ork  reveals  some  interesting  facts  regarding  the  low  production  of  the 
average  Iowa  cow  and  the  necessity  for  her  improvement. 

THE  IOWA  DAIRY   CATTLE  CONGRESS. 

At  the  33d  annual  convention  of  the  Iowa  State  Dairy  Association 
the  production  side  of  the  industry  was  given  more  attention  than  be- 
fore. Prizes  were  offered  for  dairy  cattle  and  a  small  exhibit  of  dairy 
cattle  was  shown,  as  well  as  a  large  quantity  of  butter  being  sent  for 
competition.     The  next   year  it  was  decided  to   hold  a  dairy  show  in 


516  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

conjunction  with  the  convention  which  proved  very  attractive  to  the 
breeders  of  dairy  cattle  throughout  the  state.  This  show  has  grown  very 
pepidly  until  in  1912  it  had  the  largest  number  of  dairy  cattle  ever  ex- 
hibited. Although  the  association  has  had  direct  charge  of  the  dairy 
show,  it  has  not  used  the  funds  at  its  disposal,  for  the  financial  respon- 
sibility has  been  borne  by  the  town  in  which  the  show  is  held. 

DISTRIBUTION   OF  LITERATURE. 

Although  this  department  has  issued  but  one  bulletin,  it  has  been 
enabled  to  reach  a  large  proportion  of  the  farmers  through  the  columns 
of  the  local  newspapers  and  agricultural  publications.  Plate  material 
has  been  distributed  in  every  county  in  the  state.  This  has  included 
practical  information  along  all  lines  of  improved  dairy  conditions.  The 
information  given  has  had  a  broad  scope  and  at  no  time  has  it  been  the 
object  of  the  lecturers  to  underestimate  any  of  the  other  important  de- 
partments of  the  farm.  Such  subjects  as  "Dairy  Industry  as  Related 
to  Permanent  Agriculture;"  "Proper  Methods  of  Breeding;"  "The  Dairy 
Cow's  Ration;"  "Winter  Dairying;"  "Calf  Rearing;"  "The  Essentials  of 
the  Profitable  Dairy  Cow,"  and  "Silos  and  Silage,"  have  been  placed  be- 
fore the  farmers  in  a  clear  and  concise  manner. 

IMPORTANCE    OF    INDUSTRY    IN    IOWA. 

At  the  present  time  Iowa  has  510  creameries  which,  during  the  past 
j^ear,  have  manufactured  91,738,573  pounds  of  butter.  There  are  seven 
cheese  factories  located  within  the  borders  of  the  state  which  manufac- 
tured 346,456  pounds  of  cheese  during  the  year  1912.  The  annual  produc- 
tion of  dairy  products  in  the  state  exceeds  a  valuation  of  $60,000,000.  As 
in  every  other  country  dairying  is  destined  to  become  one  of  the  most 
important  factors  of  Iowa  agriculture.  Although  considerable  develop- 
ment has  been  accomplished  during  recent  years,  the  work  has  just  been 
begun. 

W.  H.  Chapman,  of  New  Hartford,  made  a  motion  that  in 
future  years  winners  of  first  and  second  prizes  in  both  the  hand 
separator  and  whole-milk  classes  shall  not  share  in  the  pro  rata 
money.    This  motion  carried  with  a  large  majority. 

The  following  address  was  delivered  by  Geo.  V.  Fowler,  of 
Waterloo : 

IOWA  MADE  CHEESE. 

GEO.    V.    FOWLER,    WATERLOO. 

I  am.  invited  to  give  a  paper  on  the  above  named  subject.  Prof.  Holden 
would  say,  "When  you  buy  Iowa  made  cheese,  you  have  both  the  goods 
and  the  money,  whereas,  if  you  buy  cheese  made  elsewhere,  you  have  the 
goods  but  you  are  minus  the  money." 

Thirty-nine  years  ago,  when  I  came  from  New  York  to  make  Iowa  my 
home,  there  was  a  cheese  factory  in  operation  in  this  city  owned  by  the 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       517 

farmers  and  managed  by  Mr.  R.  Place,  a  high  class  man  as  well  as  an  ex- 
cellent cheese  manufacturer  from  Herkimer  county,  New  York,  who  has 
many  years  since  passed  away.  The  farmers,  after  running  the  factory 
for  two  years  and  being  unable  to  handle  it  successfully,  came  to  us. 
Fowler  Bros.,  to  handle  their  output  on  commission.  The  following  year 
the  farmers  effected  a  sale  of  the  factory  to  Mr.  Place,  and  the  cheese  was 
made  and  handled  by  Fowler  Bros,  and  Place.  A  little  later  the  Fowler 
Company  was  organized  and  Mr.  Place  sold  the  factory  to  said  company. 
The  market  for  milk  thus  made  was  so  satisfactory  to  the  farmers  that 
Mr.  Lower,  who  had  moved  from  this  city  to  Janesville,  was  instrumental 
in  inducing  us  to  erect  a  factory  there,  which  has  run  continuously  ever 
since.  Some  years  later,  Joseph  White  of  this  city,  who  at  that  time  was 
one  of  our  patrons,  bought  a  farm  near  Reinbeck.  He  also  induced  us 
to  place  one  there.  At  one  time  we  had  four  factories  running,  three  in 
this  county.  In  addition  to  supplying  our  retail  trade,  we  had  a  fine 
trade  with  wholesalers  in  Kansas  City  and  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  Leaven- 
worth and  Atchison,  Kansas,  Des  Moines  and  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  We  also 
shipped  by  carloads  to  Rochester,  New  York,  outselling  their  own  New 
York  make  in  that  market. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that,  though  the  margins  were  close,  we  had 
worked  up  quite  a  trade.  The  advantages  in  our  favor,  which  were  shared 
by  our  patrons,  were,  they  had  cheaper  feed  for  cows  than  did  the  farmers 
of  the  east  and  we  were  able  to  produce  an  article  that  the  year  round 
outsold  practically  any  brands  shipped  in,  and,  as  this  movement  saved 
the  freight  on  the  cheese  from  the  east,  also  the  freight  on  the  butter, 
which  would  have  been  made  from  the  milk  in  its  stead,  to  the  east,  these 
conditions  were  all  favorable  to  its  being  successful.  Yet,  I  learn  Wis- 
consin last  year  produced  in  round  numbers  $22,000,000  worth,  and  we 
learn  several  millions  found  market  in  this  state.  Why  should  this  be 
necessary  more  than  to  ship  butter  from  there  for  state  supply?  The 
fact  that  cheese  is  the  best  substitute  for  high  priced  meats  also  at  this 
time  makes  this  question  all  the  more  interesting  and  chsese  seems  to  be 
in  greater  demand  now  than  when  meats  were  cheaper.  I  ask  again,  why 
should  cheese  be  shipped  from  the  east  to  supply  our  demands  any  more 
than  should  butter,  poultry,  eggs,  pork,  beef,  and  mutton,  and  the  grains 
and  feeds  as  well  with  which  to  produce  them? 

This  subject  really  should  be  "Greater  Iowa"  from  the  dairy  stand- 
point. Now,  I  want  to  be  thoroughly  understood;  the  least  of  all  my  busi- 
ness affairs  is  my  investment  in  the  cheese  industry  and  my  interests 
in  lands  is  no  small  amount,  so  I  want  you  all  to  know  that  I  attempt 
to  discuss  this  question  only  as  a  brother  farmer  and  from  the  farmer's 
standpoint  in  the  interest  of  the  farmer.  None  of  these  questions  rela- 
tive to  agriculture  should  be  considered,  in  my  opinion,  except  the  interest 
of  the  farmer  come  first.  So  remember,  greater  to  me  than  any  form  of 
dairying  or  all  forms  combined  is  that  the  225,000  farmers  of  the  greatest 
state  in  the  union  with  its  untold  value,  should  get  instruction  of  most 
value  to  them. 

In  considering  this  subject,  we  must  also  connect  with  it  its  twin  sister 
the  whole  milk  creamery.     For,  in  a  certain  sense  they  are  one,  and  the 


518  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

enemy  of  one  is  also  the  enemy  of  the  other.  The  market  of  the  dairy 
products  may  be  divided  into  two  classes,  sending  off  the  cream  on  the 
one  hand  and  the  whole  milk  on  the  other.  Under  the  head  of  the  latter 
would  come  the  whole  milk  creamery,  cheese  factory,  condensing  factory 
and  supplying  the  demand  for  city  consumption.  These  methods,  and 
gathered  cream  as  well,  are  all  legitimate  dairy  propositions  and  each 
without  doubt  has  greater  usefulness  than  the  others  under  certain  con- 
ditions. 

You  will  naturally  ask  why  builders,  owners,  and  patrons  of  these 
factories  should,  after  working  together  for  years  in  building  up  these 
markets,  changing  from  gathered  cream  to  whole  milk,  the  patrons  of 
500  of  them,  go  back  to  gathered  cream  again.  Well,  it  was  like  this, 
while  the  whole  milk  creameries  and  cheese  factories  owned  by  firms,  in- 
dividuals, and  farmers  as  well,  were  run  as  a  dairy  proposition,  those 
interested  not  expecting  to  get  anything  out  of  it  only  as  they  could  as- 
sist in  making  it  a  prosperous  business  and  profitable  to  all,  and,  al- 
though these  markets  were  advancing  dairying  very  rapidly  in  their  re- 
spective localities,  yet  there  seemed  to  be  no  way  they  could  afford  to 
buy  space  and  influence  in  dairy  and  farm  papers  of  the  country.  So 
are  you  surprised  that,  when  these  papers  found  they  could  contract  with 
the  gathered  cream  interests  for  large  sums;  could  hire  to  work  for  them 
at  fabulous  rates  when  they  could  not  sell  space  nor  hire  at  all  to  the 
whole  milk  methods  (when  you  consider  these  facts,  the  inducements  on 
the  one  side  and  the  lack  of  inducements  on  the  other)  the  cheese  in- 
dustry, whole  milk  creamery,  dairymen,  and  farmers  have  not  had  a 
square  deal?  Can  you  not  see  that  for  each  cheese  factory  or  whole  milk 
creamery,  that  these  willing  workers  could  put  out  of  business  and  estab- 
lish gathered  cream  in  its  stead,  they  had  at  once  from  $5,000  to  $20,- 
000  of  the  farmers'  money  to  divide,  which  has  proven  very  profitable  and 
satisfactory  to  those  in  the  deal. 

One  farmer  wrote  to  a  farm  paper  of  this  state,  saying  he  was  keeping 
cows  and  could  send  his  milk  to  a  whole  milk  creamery  four  miles  away 
or  he  could  buy  a  farm  separator  and  send  his  cream  off  on  the  train,  and 
asked  which  he  should  do.  The  answer  received  at  once  was,  "There  is 
no  question  what  you  should  do.  You  should  buy  a  farm  separator  and 
send  off  the  cream  by  rail."  I  then  learned  he  received  about  $16,500  per 
annum  for  space  and  influence  in  the  farm  paper,  which  he  was  conduct- 
ing. You  see,  if  all  had  followed  his  advice,  all  the  cheese  factories  and 
whole  milk  creameries  of  this  state  would  have  been  destroyed.  Yet,  he 
is  supposed  to  take  interest  in  conserving  the  resources  of  not  only  the  state 
but  the  United  States.  The  methods  that  did  not  bring  advertising 
money  to  him,  he  could  not  recommend.  The  method  that  did  bring  this 
large  amount  of  money  into  his  pockets  looked  good  to  him.  My  dear 
confiding  brother  farmers,  do  you  think  he  was  advising  this  farmer  to 
act  in  his  own  interests  or  was  he  seeking  to  influence  him  to  act  in  his, 
the  editor's,  interest?  Inasmuch  as  the  editor  has  hired  out  to  the 
gathered  cream  interests  for  $16,500  per  annum  and  they  were  doubtless 
much  more  critical  readers  than  you,  how  could  he  represent  your  inter- 
ests and,  as' money  flows  so  freely  into  the  paper  for  promoting  this  sys- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       519 

^m,  r  ask. again  if  you  do  not  conclude  that  large  amounts,  larger  tnan 
*fnat  goes  to  these  papers,  find  enlodgement  in  the  pockets  of  others  oc- 
■jupying  positions  of  influence?  That  is,  can  you  not  guess  that  this  easy 
money  does  not  stop  with  the  papers  but  much  goes  to  other  sources 
where  it  will  do  the  most  good  to  the  interests  they  represent, 

A  prominent  dairy  paper  refused  to  use  an  article  showing  how  the 
farmer  could  produce  pork  at  less  cost  by  using  corn  and  pasture  than 
could  be  done  with  corn  and  skim  milk,  allowing  ten  ceucs  per  100 
pounds  for  the  skim  milk.  Yet,  the  very  next  issue  contained  a  report 
placing  $1.00  per  hundred  as  the  value  on  fresh  skim  milk  because  the 
party  fed  it  to  chickens  and  sold  the  eggs  at  forty  cents  per  dozen.  How 
ridiculous!  The  only  way  to  place  a  correct  value  on  the  skim  milk  was 
at  what  cost  a  substitute  could  have  been  supplied. 

At  our  factory  in  Janesville,  Mr.  Bye  recently  fed  ten  shoats  forty  days 
on  whey  and  fifty-six  cent  corn.  He  showed  that  at  seven  cents  per 
pound  for  pork  he,  with  a  little  over  $6.00  worth  of  corn  had  produced 
more  than  $26.00  worth  of  pork,  getting  almost  $20.00  for  the  whey  or 
seventy  cents  per  100  pounds.  Will  any  farm  paper  pay  $100  for  this 
dairy  item?  Why,  bless  your  heart  no!  Why  not?  Because  there  is  no 
farm  machinery  connected  with  it  whereby  they  can  get  the  farmer's 
money.  As  it  would  be  only  for  the  benefit  of  the  farmer,  do  you  con- 
clude they  would  care  for  it? 

PROFESSOR    henry's    MISTAKE. 

You  all  have  seen  over  and  over  again  that  skim  milk,  according  to 
this  professor,  who  is  usually  correct,  because  he  fed  shoats  corn  and 
skim  milk,  and,  of  the  many  tests  the  one  where  he  fed  nearest  right  100 
pounds  skim  milk  saved  a  half  bushel  of  corn,  that,  therefore,  was  its 
value.  The  corn  was  worth  sixty  cents,  so  the  value  of  the  skim  milk 
would  be  worth  thirty  cents  per  hundred.  Oh  my,  what  reasoning!  Yet 
these  people  are  pleased  to  use  it.  The  only  way  it  could  be  made  to 
appear  this  way  was  to  feed  the  check  lot  as  poorly  as  possible  corn  only, 
which  he  did.  I  am  showing  you  that  it  would  have  been  just  as  reason- 
able to  have  fed  one  lot  skim  milk  only  and  then  concluded  because  the  lot 
which  he  fed  skim  milk  and  corn  did  so  much  better,  therefore  the  corn 
was  worth  two  to  three  dollars  per  bushel.  One  might  just  as  consistently 
say  in  testing  the  value  of  gluten  as  a  cow  feed,  because  I  fed  a  cow  corn 
only  and  got  such  results  and  then  added  gluten  and  obtained  so  much 
better  results,  therefore,  the  value  of  the  gluten  was  $150  to  $200  per  ton. 
If  gluten  feed  people  tried  to  do  this,  we  would  say,  "You  are  not  in 
competition  with  corn.  Your  competitors  are  cotton  seed. meal,  oil  meal, 
bran,  oats,  etc.,  and  a  mixture  of  which,  that  is  as  good  as  gluten  and 
contains  the  same  nutrients,  can  be  compounded  at  a  cost  of  $25  to  $28 
per  ton,  and  that  decides  the  value  of  your  gluten." 

One  says,  "I  see,  Mr.  Fowler,  those  interested  deeply  in  promoting 
gathered  cream  make  much  of  their  skim  milk  for  hog  feed.  What  do 
you  say  to  it?"  The  skim  milk  is  rich  in  protein  and  therefore  ranks 
along  with  tankage,  oil  meal,  and  gluten  (more  especially  with  the  lat- 
ter), but  is  handicapped  by  containing  90  1-2  per  cent  water,  so,  in  each 


520  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

100  pounds  we  only  can  deal  with  nine  and  one-half  pounds  of  feed. 
These  feeds  are  all  valued  according  to  the  protein  they  contain  and 
have  their  greatest  value  in  winter.  Skim  milk  contains  three  and  one- 
half  pounds  of  this  substance  per  100  pounds  while  tankage  contains  sixty 
pounds;  nearly  a  ton  of  skim  milk  or  butter  milk  would  be  required 
to  furnish  as  much  as  100  pounds  of  tankage  contains. 

THE   AMOUNT    OF    PROTEIN    IN    SKIM    MILK    OF   THE    STATE. 

We  learn  there  is  made  per  anhum,  in  the  state,  about  100,000,000 
pounds  of  butter.  We  will  say  that  each  100  pounds  of  milk  makes  about 
four  pounds  of  butter,  and  we  have  learned  that,  after  cream  is  taken 
away,  each  100  pounds  of  milk  contains  say  three  pounds  of  protein. 
This,  you  will  see,  would  give  us  75,000,000  pounds  of  protein.  You  will 
agree  with  me  that  the  calves  get  about  half  of  this  amount,  leaving,  to 
be  liberal,  40,000,000  pounds  for  the  hogs.  How  many  hogs  in  the  state? 
There  are  about  8,000,000  on  hand  I  learn  each  year  on  January  1,  in  the 
state,  as  many,  that  come  in  the  spring,  are  turned  off  in  the  fall.  You 
will  agree  with  me  there  are  say  10,000,000  produced  each  year,  leaving 
only  four  pounds  of  protein  for  each  hog  per  annum  from  this  source. 
Yet,  the  reliable  authorities  tell  you  that  each  hog  needs  six-tenths  of  a 
pound  of  protein  per  day,  nearly  200  pounds  per  annum.  Still,  from  the 
skim  milk  source  he  can  secure  on  an  average  only  four  pounds  or  2  per 
cent  of  his  needs.  You  now  agree  with  me  that  in  hog  feeding  what  is 
most  needed  is  to  learn  where  and  how  to  secure  the  balanced  ration  at 
lowest  cost;  that  is,  where  the  other  98  per  cent  of  protein,  which  is  not 
found  in  the  skim  milk  of  the  state,  is  to  come  from.  You  have  seen 
how  eager  are  those  engaged  in  promoting  gathered  cream  to  have  you 
leed  the  hogs  their  way,  which  is  correct  for  2  per  cent  of  the  hogs;  now 
can  you  not  see  that,  if  there  could  be  the  same  effort  to  teach  in  your 
behalf  in  securing  a  correct  feed  at  lowest  cost  for  the  other  98'  per  cent, 
there  might  easily  be  saved  to  the  farmers  of  the  state  in  hog  feeding 
alone  $40,000,000  to  $50,000,000  over  the  method  they  so  persistently  teach. 
All  that  is  lacking  is  a  proper  incentive  to  teach  it. 

Skim  milk  in  common  with  these  other  feeds,  rich  in  protein,  has  a 
fluctuating  value.  The  object  is  to  always  use  a  balanced  ration  and 
then  to  secure  it  a  lowest  cost.  As  corn  is  cheapest  feed  in  winter,  the 
point  is  to  use  feed  in  the  combination  that  will  enable  the  feeder  to 
use  the  most  corn.  Hence,  skim  milk  and  its  kindred  feeds  have  a  good 
value  in  winter,  for  they  enable  you  to  use  more  corn.  But,  for  feeding 
during  the  pasture  season,  all  is  changed.  Why?  Because,  after  the 
shoat  weighs  say  forty  pounds,  the  pasture  contains  more  protein  than  he 
needs  and  is  also  the  cheaper  feed.  So,  the  point  is  to  use  as  much 
pasture  as  possible  because  it  is  cheaper  and  at  the  same  time  have  a 
balanced  feed,  and  by  supplying  about  one-third  of  his  requirements  with 
corn,  you  leave  your  happy  and  willing  servant  to  gather  the  remaining 
two-thirds  which  makes  the  proposition  profitable,  from  rye,  rape,  clover, 
alfalfa,  or  other  pastures.  There  are  multiplied  thousands  among  the 
best  farmers  of  the  state,  that  have,  after  this  method  since  May  1  to 
this   date  with   sixty   cent  corn   and  pasture  produced   pork   at   one-half 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       521 

to  one-third  the  cost,  that  could  have  been  done  during  the  same  time 
with  sixty  cent  corn  and  thirty  cent  skim  milk,  which  is  also  a  correct 
balanced  feed. 

Do  you  not  now  see  this  great  point,  that,  as  skim  milk,  gluten, 
oil  meal,  and  tankage,  which  are  narrow,  they  will  require  more  of  the 
high  priced  corn  for  a  correct  ration  than  is  the  case  with  pasture? 
Therefore,  it  is  possible  (or  shall  I  say  absolutely  true)  that  skim  milk, 
gluten,  tankage,  and  oil  meal  have  no  value  whatever  where  you  have 
plenty  of  the  pastures  needed  to  feed  a  hog  after  he  weighs  fifty  pounds 
because  more  corn  will  be  required  to  get  the  results.  Perhaps  there 
may  be  a  man  here,  who  doubts  this.  He  can  easily  test  it  by  feeding 
three  shoats  each  way.  Of  these  two  methods,  the  difference  is  that  on 
the  one  hand  he  can  not  avoid  buying  by  products  from  the  various 
factories  producing  protein  feeds,  or  the  machinery  necessary  to  enable 
him  to  feed  the  fresh  skim  milk,  while  on  the  other  hand,  he  uses 
only  pasture  for  his  protein  feed,  paying  tribute  to  no  one,  using  his 
own  intelligence  and  his  own  farm  to  produce  all  the  protein  needed  and, 
thereby,  growing  pork  at  one-third  the  cost  obtained  by  the  method 
taught  by  the  over  anxious  instructors  of  the  country. 

In  following  the  popular  teaching  along  these  lines,  the  farm  papers 
and  their  associates  have  gotten  the  results,  so  are  well  pleased.  The 
farmers,  who  follow  the  teaching  I  have  endeavored  to  give,  get  the 
results  that  suit  them  and  they  are  pleased.  I  know  I  am  censured  by 
many  honest  and  otherwise  intelligent  farmers  for  presuming  to  teach 
a  better  method  than  that  usually  followed.  If  there  be  such  a  one 
here  today,  I  will  say,  my  dear  brother,  though  your  present  method 
may  have  answered  fairly  well  when  land  and  labor  were  cheap,  are 
you  just  sure  there  may  not  be  something  better  in  store  for  you  on 
your  high  priced  land?  What  I  desire  most  of  all  is  this,  that  I  and 
my  motives  be  correctly  understood  by  the  farmers  and  also  that  all 
who  teach  differently,  and  their  motives  be  correctly  understood  by 
the  different  farmers.  You  will  please  remember  that  all  progress 
along  any  lines  was  only  attained  because  someone  got  the  vision  that 
there  was  to  be  found  a  better  method  than  those  generally  in  use. 
There  was  a  time  when  the  use  of  the  spade,  sickle,  tallow  candle,  etc., 
were  quite  the  thing;  now  greater  capacity  is  required  to  meet  the  de- 
mand. Is  there  any  reason  why  there  is  not  also  a  demand  in  hog 
feeding  way  ahead  of  the  old  method  of  skim  milk  and  corn,  which  also 
was  considered  satisfactory  years  ago? 

I  wish  you  also  to  see  that,  if  all  the  skim  milk  in  the  state  was  fed 
to  hogs,  it  would  not  supply  more  than  enough  protein  for  five  per  cent 
of  the  hogs.  I  wish  to  show  you  too  that,  as  the  larger  part  of  hogs 
come  in  the  spring  and  are  turned  off  in  the  fall,  therefore,  a  proper 
combination  of  corn  and  pasture  is  of  vast  importance  because  three 
fourths  of  all  the  pork  produced  is  produced  during  the  seven  months 
of  pasture  season.  You  will  see  how  out  of  all  proportion  is  the  teach- 
ing, while  according  to  their  own  teaching,  all  the  skim  milk  would 
balance  correctly  the  corn  for  only  five  per  cent  of  the  hogs.  Yet  they 
give   this   method   so  much   attention   and   so  very  little  to  feeding  the 


522  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

ninety-five  per  cent  whicn  the  skim  milk  cannot  reach.  Their  main 
interest  is  centered  on  the  five  per  cent  while  your  chief  interest  is 
centered  on  ninety-five  per  cent.  The  hireling-?;  work  their  interest.  "Who 
is  working  yours? 

Prof.  Holden  also  told  me  I  could  tell  the  farmers  at  Janesville  that 
one  acra  of  clover  pasture  is  equal  to  the  skim  milk  from  eight  cows, 
and  that  feeding  corn  thereon  to  hogs  benefited  the  land  enough  to  pay 
the  rent,  so  the  protein  thus  obtained  to  take  the  place  of  the  skim 
milk  really  cost  nothing. 

Listen  to  me.  You  can  feed  your  hogs  my  way  and  do  dairying 
after  cither  method  or  none  at  all;  whereas,  in  order  to  feed  hogs  their 
^vay,  you  must  follow  their  kind  of  dairying  and  by  their  machinery 
sure. 

According  to  the  Ohio  and  other  reliable  experiment  stations,  skim 
milk  has  in  winter  a  feeding  value  of  fifteen  cents  to  eighteen  cents 
per  hundred  at  present  prices  of  protein  feed,  but,  in  summer  time  has 
lost  most,  and  in  some  cases  we  believe  all  its  value.  I  repeat,  "Why?" 
Because  you  have  a  surplus  of  protein,  the  pasture  containing  more 
than  you  need,  and  no  more  use  for  it  than  you  have  for  your  fur  coat 
or  ten  dollar  coal  in  August  with  which  to  keep  warm. 

SOME    EXAMPLES. 

J.  W.  Bennett  fed  gluten  and  whey  on  pasture  to  pigs  weighing  twenty- 
nine  and  one-half  pounds  each  for  one  month,  making  rapid  gains  at 
cost  of  $1.75  per  hundred.  Prof.  Kennedy  says  in  the  cheese  section  of 
Canada  the  farmers  feed  shorts  and  whey  on  pasture  and  turn  them 
off  225  pounds  each  at  five  and  a  half  to  six  months  old.  The  professor 
also  reports  that  they  have,  at  Ames,  after  charging  up  all  grain  used, 
produced  1400  pounds  pork  per  acre  of  rape. 

The  Alabama  Experiment  Station  reports  that  by  feeding  corn  only, 
pork  costs  $7.63  per  hundred,  while,  by  using  pasture  and  corn,  it  costs 
only  $2.74  per  hundred,  only  a  little  more  than  one-third. 

S.  Y.  Thornton  of  Missouri  a  few  years  ago  told  me  he  produced 
shoats  to  lO'O  pounds  each  on  pasture  at  a  cost  of  $1.00  each  for  all 
grain  used.     Grain  some  cheaper  than  now. 

A  farmer  at  Osceola,  this  state,  told  me  he  sold  four  hundred  hogs 
that,  after  taking  out  eight,  topped  the  Chicago  market.  They  were  fed 
only  twenty  bushels  corn  per  day,  from  May  1  till  August  1,  on  pasture, 
and  he  estimated  they  gained  more  than  one  pound  each  per  day. 

Of  those  giving  me  credit  for  inducing  them  to  feed  after  this  method 
are  E.  E.  Pressor,  P.  R.  Decker,  and  Walter  Peck,  of  Janesville,  and  Fred 
Wilcox  of  this  city,  claiming  a  given  amount  of  corn  produces  about 
double  the  amount  of  pork  they  formerly  produced. 

This  is  simply  the  farmer's  method  worked  out  in  the  interest  of  the 
farmer,  and  I  never  knew  of  anyone  leaving  it  to  pursue  any  other 
course. 

We  are  nearly  in  the  center  of  the  great  corn  belt,  our  capacity,  our 
advantages,  and  our  opportunities  are  so  wonderful  that  it  would  seem 
most  impossible  for  any  man  to  exaggerate  them.    We  produce  around 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX       523 

$150,000,000  worth  of  pork  per  annum,  and,  of  the  two  methods  of  feeding, 
one  saves  half  the  expense.  Have  I  not  shown  you  that  the  hog  can  make 
even  better  use  of  pasturethan  other  animals,  also  that  it  is  much  better 
to  use  with  corn  than  is  skim  milk?  Then  I  ask,  why  should  we  ask 
the  cow  to  first  convert  the  pasture  into  skim  milk  and  then  ask  the 
hog  to  use  it  second  hand?  The  shoat  from  forty  pounds  to  175  pounds 
can  make  most  profitable  use  of  this  method,  and  there  are  multiplied 
thousands  in  this  state  that,  after  this  method,  have,  since  May  1,  made 
their  gains  even  with  the  high  cost  of  corn  at  IY2  to  2  cents  per  pound. 

I,  therefore,  ask  you  in  your  own  interest,  in  the  interest  of  Greater 
Iowa,  and  in  the  interest  of  the  hungry  consumer  of  the  country,  to  get 
into  the  method  that  means  so  much  to  you  and  to  us  all. 

Some  may  wonder  why  I  have  not  said  more  about  Iowa  made  cheese. 
It  is  this,  if  the  farmers  can  have  more  correct  and  honest  teaching, 
cheese  making,  all  other  forms  of  dairying,  and  pork  production  will 
progress  as  never  before.  Get  your  eye  on  Wisconsin  in  their  production 
of  $90,000,000  worth  of  dairy  products  last  year.  Of  this,  $24,000,000  was 
cheese,  many  millions  of  which  found  market  in  this  state. 

I  am  a  lover  of  harmony  and  dislike  to  differ  with  others,  but  I  am 
for  "Greater  Iowa"  and  no  one  would  be  more  pleased  than  I  to  have 
those  who  teach  differently  take  the  broader  view  and  really  work  for 
the  farmer  and  "Greater  Iowa." 

In  conclusion,  my  dear  brother  dairy  farmer,  while  there  are  all  these 
different  forms  of  dairying,  condensed,  cheese,  whole  milk  creameries,  city 
consumption,  and  farm  separating,  does  it  strike  you  as  especially 
strange  that  (inasmuch  as  the  latter  method  is  the  only  way  out  of  which 
the  active  ones  can  get  your  money)  they  use  all  their  influence  to  get 
you  to  pursue  that  method,  and,  because  they  have  found  it  the  most 
profitable  for  them  to  teach,  is  that  any  guarantee  that  you  will  find  it  the 
most  profitable  for  you  to  follow?  Was  it  their  aim  to  teach  you  the 
best  method  of  butter  production,  or,  on  the  other  hand,  was  the  object 
to  influence  you  to  buy  and  use  the  farm  separator? 

Then,  in  hog  feeding  you  will  notice  this  same  interest;  as  far  as  pos- 
sible to  influence  the  farmer  to  place  a  high  value  on  the  warm  sweet 
skim  milk,  which  is  also  done  in  the  interest  of  the  farm  separator.  So 
you  see,  under  the  pretense  of  promoting  dairying,  they  use  their  influence 
to  sell  the  separator  and  under  the  guise  of  teaching  hog  feeding  they 
really  are  teaching  warm  sweet  skim  milk  feeding  also  in  the  interest  of 
the  farm  separator. 

So,  are  you  surprised  that  when  one  makes  a  study  of  this  matter 
from  the  farmer's  standpoint,  and  wholly  in  the  interest  of  the  farmer, 
there  should  be  found  to  exist  a  system  which,  if  pushed  with  anything 
like  the  vigor  with  which  the  system  referred  to  has  been  pushed,  could 
easily  add,  with  no  additional  labor,  forty  to  sixty  million  dollars  an- 
nually to  the  net  profits  of  the  farmers  of  the  state? 


524 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


BUTTER   SCORES   IOWA  STATE   DAIRY   CONVENTION,  WATERLOO, 
IOWA,   OCTOBER   14   TO   19,   1912. 


WHOLE-MILK  OLAlSS. 


No. 


74 
118 
40 
81 


67 

S3 

1(X> 

G3 

69 

84 

23 

48 

55 

73 

79 

116 

137 

25 

70 

78 

112 

121 

152 

2 

22 

27 

54 

60 

61 

SO 

119 

125 

13S 

141 

144 

76 

124 

64 

128 

145 

31 

139 

68 

127 


Name 


ChuTn 


Erve  A.  Cole,   Lamoni 

W.  E.  Mittlestadt,  Manchester-- 

0.  A.   Day,   Sumner 

Matt  McDowell,   Hazleton 

Roy   Seoles,    Fredericksburg- 

E.  B.  Olds.  Sumner 

F.  H.  Wehling,  Readlyn 

F.  M.  Zell,  Sumner 

E.  E.   Middlestadt,   Arlington 

R.   W.    Chadwick,   Waterloo 

P.   W.  Peterson,  Finchford 

Anton  Smith,   Oelwein 

T.  E.   Sadler,   Oelwein 

Wm.   Ambrose,   Tripoli 

Carl  Haveland,    Lake  Mills 

H.   Piegors,   Waverly 

P,   W.   Bremer,   Sumner 

J.  J.   Biainner,   Strawberry  Point 

F.  W.   Brockhaus,   Sumner 

C.  B.   Bracey,   Maynard , 

L.   L.   Zbornik,  Sumner 

H.  C.  Ladage,  Plainfield '. I    Dual 

N.  W.   Graf,   Elma 

D.  W.  Mohler,  New  Hampton 

Julius  Brunner,  Osage 

R.  J.  Erb,  Manchester 

Wm.  McFarland,  Hudson 

Soren    Kristensen,    Scarville 

F.  H.   Harms,  Waverly 

Milton   Colton,   Masonville 

Carl  Meier,  Fairbank 

Wm.  Kucker,  Cylinder 

G.  Stuessi,    Manchester 

L.    C.  Barnes,   Westgate 

M.   Anderson,    Emmetsburg 

A.  W.   Snyder.  Lawler 

E.  H.   Homan,   Westgate 

J.  F.  Lorensen,  Benson 

Peter  Larson,   New  Hartford 

C.   S.   Payne,   Stanley 

H.   A.   Griese,   Readlyn 

Robt.  Wagner,  Sumner 

O.  E.  Brant.  Fairbank 

W.  A.  Stone,   Central  City 

W.  H.  Chapman,  New  Hartford.. 

F.  D.  Daniels,  Fredericksburg 

G.  M.  Miller,  Fayette 

L.   S.  Edwards,  Dewar 


Vic 

Vic 

Vic 

Vic 

Vic 

Vic 

Dis 

Dual 

Perf 

Dual 

Vic 

Dis 

Vic 

Vic 

Dis 

Vic 

Dis 

Dis 

DQ 

Vic 


Sim 
Dis 
Vic 
Vic 
Dis 
Vic 
Vic 
Dis 
Vic 
Dis 
Vis 
Per 
Vic 
Vic 
Dis 
Vic 

Dual 
Vic 
Vic 
Dual 

Vic 
Per 

Vie 


Salt 


DC 
DO 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DO 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DC 

W 

DC 

DC 

W 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DO 

DO 

DC 

W 

DO 

DC 

W 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DC 
DO 
DO 
DO 

DO 

W 

DO 


Color       Culture 


H 
H 

H 

H 

H 

H 

WR 

WR 

OD 

H 

OD 

WR 

H 

OD 

H 

H 

WR 

H 

H 
H 

P 

WR 

H 

WR 

WR 

H 

H 

WR 

H 

H 

WR 

H 

WR 

WR 

WR 

H 
H 
H 
WR 

H 
D 
WR 


Score 


98 

97i 

97i 

97 

961 

9^ 

9^ 

96 

96 


95h 

95J 

96k 

95 

»5 

95 

95 

95 

95 

95 

94^ 

9ih 

9ih 

94i 

94i 

94J 

94 

94 

94 

94 

94 

94 

94 

94 

94 

94 

94 

94 

93J 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX 
GATHERED  CREAM   CLASS. 


525 


Name 


F.  D.  Warner,  Northwood 

Fred  C.  Hinze,   Hanlontown 

Carl  Nelson,  Swea  City 

A.  F.  Matson,  Volga 

O.  B.  Stenberg,   Ellsworth 

L.   C.  Laugesen,  Harlan 

R.  D.   Sweet,   Allison 

H.   P.  Bancroft,   Delhi 

J.   C.   Joslin,   Hartley 

Fred  Loclnvood,  Wesley 

T.   E.   Landis,   Farley 

I/.    P.    Nelson,    Exira 

B.  F.   Sehultz,  West  Union 

C.  C.  Anker,   Ottosen 

H.  C.  Stendel,  Scarville 

J.  M.   Healey,  Dubuque 

Fred   Lehman,   Monticello 

H.  Soballe,  Coulter 

M.  J.  Bobo,  Plum  Creek 

M.   P,  Jun\-er,  Graettinger 

Geo.   G.   McBride,   Parkersburg-— 

C.  N.  Hart,  Plymouth 

Joel   Bloomster,    Hobart 

H.   M.   Crocker,   Osage 

Walter  Evans,  Woodbine 

Watson   Shiek,    Monona 

V.  O.  Williams,   Afton 

Henry  Hansen,  Cylinder 

M.  M.  Sorenson,  Goodell 

R.  Nelson,  Latimer 

N.    Overgaard,    Wheatland 

John  Paulson,  Woden 

Chris.   Jensen,    Toronto 

Ole   Hauge,    Ossian 

C.   H.   Vanderhani,    Belmond 

Frank  Larson,   Dows 

Wm.    Helgason,    Lone  Rock 

W.  E.    Cline,   Casey 

Chris.   Nelson,    Exira 

P.  Damgaard,   Eagle  Center 

Johannes  Johansen,  Exira 

J.  T.  Ryan,  Adair 

W.  P.   Hughes,  Faixbank 

Mike  Hauer,    Festina 

C.  T.  Knutson.  McCallsburg 

Earl  George,   Central  City 

Wm.   Matters,   Graettinger 

Ed  Hansen,  Elgin 

Robt.   Moeller,   Shellsburg 

Robt.  Bless,  Ventura 

R.  E.   Clemmons,  Burt 

Jack  Frisbie,   St.    Olaf 

S.  S.  Hudson,  Titonka 

J.   H.   Bakken,  Ridgeway 

H.C.  Thompson,  Buffalo  Center. 

O.  W.  Dubbs,  West  Bend 

G.   F.  Allard,   Pomeroy 

Jas.   Romine,   Urbana 

Nels  Hansen,  Stuart 

Jas.   Keachie,    Dexter 

J.  P.  Grippes,  Luxemburg 

G.  J.  Gudknecht,  Owassa 

John  S.   Smith,  Alden 

N.   O.   Dahlen,   Northwood 

P.  Windfeldt,   Audubon 

O.  W.   Hicks,   Guernsey 

E.  Z.   Carr,   Wadena 

C.  R.  Conway,  Garner-. 

Guy  Thomas,  Clear  Lake 

B.   T.   Soles.   Stout 

J.  D.  Main,  Greenfield 

Fred  Herzog,  Hubbard 


ChuTn 


Dual 

Vic 

Per 

Vic 

Vic 

Per 

Vic 

Vic 

Per 

Per 

Dis 

Vic 

Per 

Dis 

Dis 

Dis 

Dual 

Dis 

Dis 

Vic 

Per 

Vic 

Dual 

Vic 

Vic 

Dis 

Vic 

Dis 

Dis 

Vic 

Vic 

Dis 

Per 

Dual 

Per 

Vic 

Dual 

Vic 

Vic 

Vic 

Vic 

Vic 

Per 

Per 

Dis 

Dis 

Dis 

Vic 

Per 

Vic 

Per 

Per 

Vic 

Per 

Dual 

DQ 

Vic 

Vic 

Vic 

Vic 

Dis 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Vic 

Per 

Per 

Vic 

Dis 


Salt 


DC 
W 
W 
DO 
W 
W 
DC 

W 

W 

W 

DO 

DO 

DO 

DO 

DO 

DO 

DO 

W 

W 

DO 

DO 

W 

DO 

Col 

DO 

DO 

W 

W 

DO 

W 

W 

DO 

W 

DO 

W 

W 

DO 

DO 

DO 

W 

DO 

DO 

DO 

DO 

W 

W 

DO 

W 

W 

DO 

W 

W 

DO 

W 

W 

DC 

DO 

W 

DO 

W 

DO 

DO 

DO 

DC 

W 

W 

W 

DO 

DO 


Color 


WR 

WR 
WR 
WR 
WR 
D 

WR 
WR 

H 
WR 

WR 

WR 

WR 

WR 

WR 

WR 

WR 

H 

WR 

H 

WR 

WR 

WR 

WR 

WR 

WR 

H 

WR 
WR 

{     WR 

WR 

I    WR 

I    WR 

!     WR 

WR 

WR 

WR 

H 

WR 
WR 
WR 

WR 

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WR 

WR 

WR 

H 

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WR 

WR 

WR 

WR 

D 

WR 

WR 

WR 

H 

WR 

WR 

WR 

WR 


WR 


Culture 


E 

E 

H 

O 

HM 

HM 

H 

E 

E 

HM 

E 

O 

E 

E 

E 

E 

E 


E 
E 

0 
H 

E 
E 

PD 
H 

E 

H 


526 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 
GATHERED  CREAM  CLASS-Continued 


No. 


Ill 

135 

17 

32 

56 

66 

113 

132 

143 

134 

12 

21 

71 

75 

86 

109 

7 

24 
34 
45 
89 
140 
130 
149 
151 
156 
43 
51 
90 
97 
142 
105 


Name 


O,  B.  Bengston,  Central  City 

Peter  Thuessen,  Kimballton 

C.  E.  Wilson,  George 

H.  K.  Nelson,  Joice 

M.  W.  Bixby,  Hum^ton 

John  J.  Marx,  Hospers 

Sig.  Klemsrud,  Osage 

L.  H.  Larson,  Sexton 

L.  P.  Anderson,   AJgona 

P.  W.  Stickman,  Ionia 

C.   W.   Larson,  Grand  Junction 

C.  H.  Vander  Meer.  Orange  City 

Roy  Coon,   Bayard 

Iver  Barlow,   Calmar 

Jens  Jensen,  Newburg 

C.  A.  Miller,  Aplington 

A.  P.  Schultz,  Cedar  PalJs 

W.  J.  MePheeters,  Storm  Lake 

G.  A.  Bristol,   Primghar 

C.  P.  Bollig,  Penton 

J.  A.  Kramer,  Ashton 

Ernest  Siliiaven,   Spencer 

A.  O.  Pelly,  Rowan _. 

Alfred  Otnes,  Maquoketa 

J.  J.  Doleschal,  Bancroft 

C.  W.  Davis,  Wall  Lake 

Julius  Suhr,  Coon  Rapids 

Walter   Preed,    Clinton 

A.  Larson,  Charles  City 

R.  L.  Rector,  Tipton... 

P.   W.   Johnson,   Laurens 

Wm,   Gossman,  Waterloo 


Chum 


108     W.  P.   Schurke,  Gilbertsville. 


100 
72 


J.  A.  Penger,  Garner- 
Joe  P.  Bogh,  Rutland- 


Dual 

Dis 

Dis 

Dis 

Sim 

Vic 

Dis 

Dis 

Dis 

Per 

Per 

Vic 

Dis 

Dual 

Dis 

Dis 

Per 

Dis 

Per 

Per 

Vic 

Vic 

Dis 

Dis 

Per 

Vic 

Dis 

Dual 

Dis 

Vic 

Dis 
Per 


Salt 


DC 

Col 

DC 

W 

DO 

W 

Ool 

W 

DO 
DC 
W 

1    DO 
;    DC 

j   w 

Wyan 

DC 

DO 

DO 

DO 

W 

W 

DC 

DC 

W 

DO 

DC 

DC 

DC 

DO 

DO 

W 
DO 


Color 


WR 

WR 

WR 
WR 
WR 
P 

H 

WR 

GG 

H 

H 

WR 

WR 

WR 

P 

WR 

WR 

WR 

GO 

WR 
WR 

WR 

WR 

H 

WR 

WR 

WB 

WR 
WR 


Ciilture  I    Score 


E 
E 
HM 


HM 
H 


9U 

m 

91 
91 
91 
91 
91 
91 


MEMBERSHIP  IOWA  STATE  DAIRY  ASSOCIATION,  1912. 


M.  J.  Bobo,  Algona,  la. 

Soren  Christensen,  Scarville,  la. 

Johan  Johansen,  Exira,  la. 

B.  P.  Shultz,   West  Union,   la. 
M.    P.    Junker,    Greattinger,    la. 
G.   J.    Gudknecht,    Owasa,   la. 
A.   P.   Shultz.   Cedar  Palls,   la. 
J.    T.   Rijan,   Adair,  la. 

0.  O.  Anker,  Ottosen,  la. 

L.    P.    Nelson,   Exira,   la. 

Geo.   G.   McBride,   Paxkersburg,  la. 

0.   W.    Larson,   Grand  Junction,    la. 

Jno.    S.   Smith,  Alden,   la. 

C.  N.    Hart,    Plymouth,   la. 

P.   D.   Warner,  Northwood,  la. 

N.    O.    Dahlen,    Northwood,    la. 

C.    E.    Wilson,    George,    la. 

P.   Windfeldt,   Audubon,    la. 

Fred    0.    Hinze,    Hanlontown,    la. 

J.    P.   Vandermeer,    Orange  City,   la. 

P.  H.  Harms,  Waverly,  la. 

Carl  Haveland,   Lake  Mills,  la. 

W.  J.  McPheeter,  Storm  Lake,  la. 

H.   0.   Ladage,   Plainfleld,  la. 

O.   W.   Hicks,   Guernsey,   la. 

Milton  Colton,  Masonville,   la. 

0.  B.   Stenberg,  Ellsworth,  la. 

H.   0.   Stendel,  Scarville,  la. 

H.    M.    Crocker,   Osage,    la. 

W.  H.  Chapman,  New  Hartford,  la. 


H.    K.    Nelson,    Joice,    la. 
Walter  Evans,   Woodbine,   la. 
G.    A.    Bristol,    Primghar,    la. 
J.   M.   Healy,   Dubuque,   la. 
Watson   Snick,    Monona,    la. 
E.    Z.    Carr,    Wadena,   la. 
P.  M.  Zell,  Sumner,  la. 
A.   P.  Matson,  Volga,  la. 
Roy  Scoles,   Predericksburg,   la. 
V.    0.    Williams,    Afton,   la. 
L.  0.   Laugesen,  Harlan,  la. 
Julius  Suhr,   Coon  Rapids,  la. 
ETve  A.    Cole,    Lamont,   la. 
0.   P.  Bollig,   Penton,  la. 
R.    E.    demons,   Burt,   la. 
Jack   Prisbie,   St.   Olaf.  la. 
H.    Piegors,   Waverly,    la. 
S.    S.   Hudson,    Titonka,   la. 
W.  P.  Hughs,  Fairbank,  la. 
Walter  Freed,   Clinton,   la. 
Fred  Lehman,  Monticello,  la. 
Mike  Hauer,   Festina,  la. 
Carl  Meier,  Fairbank,  la. 
P.  W.  Bremer,  Sumner,  la. 
M.   W.   Bixby,    Humeston,   la. 
J.  H.  Bakken,  Ridgeway,  la. 
J.  D.  Main,  Greenfield,  la. 
R.   D.    Sweet,   Allison,   la. 
Wm.   D.  Kucker,   Cylinder,  la. 
G.   Stuessi,  Manchester,  la. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX 


527 


MEMBERSHIP  IOWA  STATE  DAIRY  ASSOCIATION— Continued 


Henry  Hansen,  Cylinder,  la. 

Anton   Smith,    Oelwein,   la. 

Robt.   Wagner,   Sumner,  la. 

C.  R.   Conway,   Garner,  la. 

Jno.   J.   Marx,   Hospers,  la. 

E.  E.  Mittlestadt,  Arlington,  la. 

G.  M.  Miller,  Fayette,  la. 

Thos.  E.  Sadler,  Oelwein,  la. 

N.   W.   Graf,    Elma,   la. 

Roy  Coon,  Bayard,  la. 

Joe  P.  Bogh,  Rutland,  la. 

J.   J.   Brunner,    Strawberry   Point,   la. 

C.  A.  Day,  Sumner,  la. 

Iver  Barlow,  Calmer,  la. 

C.  S.  Payne,  Stanley,  la. 
Chris  Jensen,   Toronto,   la. 

D.  W.   Mohler,  New  Hampton,   la. 

E.  H.  Bockhaus,  Sumner,  la. 
L.  C.  Barnes,  Westgate,  la. 
E.    B.    Olds,    Sumner,    la. 

r.    H.    Wehling,    Readlyn,   la. 

R.   W.   Chadwick,  Waterloo,  la. 

Wm.  Ambrose,   Ttipoli,   la. 

C.    T.    Knutson,    McCallsburg,    la. 

Jens  Jensen,   Newburg,   la. 

Fred  Herzog,  Hubbard,  la. 

W.   E.   Mittlestadt,   Manchester,   la. 

J.  A.   Cramer,   Ashton,  la. 

Alex  Larson,   Charles  City,  la. 

H.   P.  Bancroft,  Delhi,   la. 

Earl  George,    Central  City,   la. 

Wm.  Matters,   Greattinger,   la. 

Ole  Hauge,   Ossian,  la. 

H.  C.  Thompson,  Buffalo  Center,  la. 

R.   L.   Rector,    Tipton,   la. 

Ed   Hansen,   Elgin,   la. 

Carl  Nelson,    Swea   City,    la. 

J.   A.    Fenger,    Garner,   la. 

M.    M.    Sorensen,    Goodell,   la. 

O.    W.   Dubbs,   West  Bend,  la. 

C.  H.   Vanderham,  Belmond,   la. 

Prank    L.    Larson,    Dows,    la. 

Wm.    Gossman,    Waterloo,    la. 

P.   W.   Peterson,   Finchfoxd,   la. 

G.   F.   AUard,   Pomeroy,  la. 

W.   F.   Schurke,   Gilbertsville,   la. 

C.   A.   Miller,   Aplington,  la. 

Robt.  Moeller,   Shellsburg,  la. 

O.   B.    Bengston,    Central  City,    la. 

Julius  Brunner,   Osage,   la. 

Sig.   Klemesrud,    Osage,   la. 

Wm.   Helgeson,    Lonerock,    la. 

W.   E.    Cline.    Casey,   la. 

C.   B.   Bracy,   Maynard,   la. 

Jas.   Romine,   Urbana,  la. 

Matt  McDowall,  Hazleton,  la. 

M.   Anderson,  Emmetsburg,  la. 

Nels   Hansen,   Stuart,   la. 

R.   J.   Erb,   Manchester,    la. 

Chris  O.   Nelson,   Exira,   la. 

H.  A.  Griese,  Readlyn,  la. 

A.    W.    Snyder,   Lawler,   la. 

Guy  Thomas,   Clear,   Lake,  la. 

L.   S.   Edwards,   Dewar,   la. 

C.   E.   Brant,   Fairbank,   la. 

Robt.  Bless,  Ventura,  la. 

A.   O.    Pelly,    Rowan,   la. 

J.   C.   Joslin,   Hartley,  la. 

L.  H.  Larson,  Sexton,  la. 

H.  Soballe,   Coulter,  la. 

F.  W.  Stickmann,  Ionia,  la. 

Peter  Thuessen,  Kimballton,  la. 

Joel  Bloomster,   Hobart,  la. 

L.   L.  Zbornik,   Sumner,  la, 

E.  H.   Homan,  Westgate,  la. 

F.  D.   Daniels,   Fredericksburg,   la. 
Ernest  Silhaven,  Spencer,  la. 

J.    F.   Lorenson,   Cedar  Falls,   la, 
F.  W.  Johnson,  Laurena,  la. 


L.  P.  Anderson,  Algona,  la. 
Peter  Larson,  New  Hartford,  la. 
W.   A.   Stone,   Central  City,   la. 
R.   P.   Nelson,   Latimer,   la. 
Jas.    Keachie,    Dexter,    la. 
Alfred   Otness,    Maquoketa,    la. 
J.  P,  Grippes,  New  Vienna,  la. 

A.  J.   Doleschal,   Bancroft,   la, 
Wm.  McFarlane,  Hudson,  la. 
Peter  Damgarrd,  Waterloo,  la. 
N.   Overgarrd,  Wheatland,  la. 

B.  T.   Soles,  Stout,   la. 

C.  W.   Davis,   Wall  Lake,   la. 
Jno.  Paulsen,  Woden,  la. 
Fred  Lockood,  Wesley,   la. 

T.    E.   Landis,   Farley,   la. 

E.  R.   Shoemaker,  Waterloo,   la. 
J.   W.   Ford,    Cedar  Falls,   la. 
O.   P.   Thompson,   Waterloo,   la. 
W.  C.  Cranston,  Waterloo,  la. 

C.  E.    Fifer,    Cedar  Falls,   la. 
I'.'dith  Stacy,   Waverly,  la. 

F.  S.   Pettitt,   Waterloo,   la. 
O.  0.  Huramond,  Waterloo,  la. 
P.    E.   Guptill,   Cedar  Palls,   la. 

N.   J.   Michaelson,   Cedar  Falls,   la. 
N.    L.   Bennit,   Waterloo,   la. 
L.    L.    Flickinger,    Carroll,    la. 
Mrs.   J.   D.  Miller,   Waterloo,  la. 
L.    C.    Aikin,    Waterloo,    la. 
F.  L.  Huntley,  Waterloo,  la. 
J.   T.   Swift,    Waterloo.   la. 

D.  Davis,  Waterloo,  la. 
Joe  Clark,  Waterlo,  la. 

E.  E.  Wood,  Waterloo,  la. 
Porter  Fitch,  New  York,  la. 
B.    L.   Meyers,  Waterloo,   la. 

B.  L.   Edwards,   Waterloo,  la, 
A.   E,   Huffman,   Waterloo,   la. 

E.  Diercks,   Waterloo,   la. 

H.   C.   Hoffman,  Minneapolis,   Minn, 
Mrs.  H.   Lawlers,   Waterloo,  la, 
J.    J.    Ramboy,   Waterloo,   la. 

F.  T.    Bcntley,    Waterloo,    la. 
J.   H.   Sindlinger,  Waterloo,  la. 
Sam  Simmons,   Waterloo,  la. 
Jno.    Andrews,    Waterloo,    la. 
H.  H.  Morgan,  Cedar  Falls,  la. 
H.    Kilgore,    Waterloo,    la. 

E.    J.    Covell,    Waterloo,    la. 
Bert   Crowther,    Waterloo,    la. 

C.  M.   Corey,   St.   Paul,  Minn. 
H,    E.    Colby,    Waterloo,    la. 
J.   D.    Miller,   Waterloo,   la. 
C.  E.  Noonan,  Waterloo,  la. 

C.  Ottcsen,    Ottosen,    la. 

.  W.    Reefsnyder,   Waterloo,    la. 
W.    H.    Mcintosh,   Davenport,    la, 
W.   V.    Foote,  Waterloo,   la. 
V.    Gline,    Shellsburg,    la. 
Elmer  W.  Btephensen,  Fairbank,  la, 
Frank   Fox,    Winthrop,   la. 
G     L,    Busian,    Algona,    la, 
E,  J.  Graham,  Cedar  Falls,  la. 
A.   N.   IToung,   Evanston,   III. 
E.    J.    Whitmore,    Owatonna,   Minn. 
J.    H.    Sasseen,    Des   Moines,    la. 
E.    M.    Baker,    Monticello,    la. 

D.  B.    Byrum,    Chicago,    111. 
M.    E.    Plynn,    Burlington,    la. 
S.    Sweitzer,    Waterloo,    la. 

H.   A.   Nelson,   Dubuque,   la. 
J.    H.    Grommon,    Manchester,   la. 
C.   R.   Walker,   St.   Clair,   Mich. 
H.   L.  Peterson,  Ames,  la. 

E.  H,  Griffith,  Ames,  la, 
E.    0.   Bollman,  Ames,   la. 
Aug.   Brandenburg,   Waverly,   la. 
L.   T.   Miller,    Fairbank,   la. 


528 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


MEMBERSHIP  IOWA  STATE  DAIRY  ASSOCIATION-Continued 


A.   A.   Jennings,   Chicago,   111. 
0.  A.   Morris,   Waterloo,  la. 
C     H.   Hackett,   Waterloo,  la. 
J.'  J.   Hall,   Waterloo,   la. 

F.  B.    Ballow,    Waterloo,    la. 

G.  H.   Tellier,   Ames,  la. 
G.   J.   Miller,   Ames,   la. 

C.   A.   Smith,   Waterloo,   la. 
J.   W.   Lichty,  Waterloo,   la. 
J.   J.    Peck,    Waterloo,   la. 
O.  L.  Huston,  Waterloo,  la. 
Chas.   E.    Fisher,    New  York   City. 
Jno.   Shaw,   Waterloo,   la. 
S.   L.   Klingman,  Waterloo,  la, 
W.   P.   Walker,   Waterloo,   la. 
W.  Barrett,  Waterloo,  la. 

E.  Feely,    Waterloo,    la. 
Robt.    Anderson,    Waterloo,    la. 
Roy  Bennett,  Waterloo,  la. 

F.  L.   Hix,   Waterloo,   la. 

W.  B.   Johnson,  Des  Moines,   la. 

C.  L.   Klingman,    Des  Moines,    la. 
Peter   Eide,    Des   Moines,    la. 

W.   B.    Fox,    Waterloo,   la. 
J.    T.    Cannon,    Waterloo,    la. 
J.    K.    Worley,    Waterloo,    la. 
P.  J.  Martin,  Waterloo,  la. 

D.  Holmes,   Waterloo,   la. 
Aug.    Brandhorst,    Hudson,    la. 
Fred  D.  Ford,   Rockwell,  la. 

D.   M.   Campbell,   Rockwell,   la. 

J.   H.   Conant,   Gladbrook,   la. 

U.  G.   Gruver,   Cedar  Rapids,   la. 

Jim  Lawrence,  Waterloo,  la. 

Chas.   Ross,   Waterloo,   la. 

W.    A.    Blough,   Waterloo,   la. 

L.  H.  Miller,  Waterloo,  la. 

D.    S.    Harrison,    Waterloo,   la. 

H.   A.   Limbert,    Waterloo,   la. 

J.    W.    Bissell,    Waterloo,    la. 

A.   O.  Larson,   Dows,  la. 

H.    J.   Iverson,   Dews,   la, 

A.   H.   Iverson,  Dows,  la, 

O.   B.   Iverson,   Dows,   la. 

M.  J.   Goodrich,   Cedar  Rapids,   la, 

W.    A.    Lally,    Chicago,    111. 

D    A.   Cozzens,  Omaha,   Neb. 

Emons  Johnson,  Waterloo,   la. 

M.    L.    Gleason,    Waterloo,    la. 

H.    A.    Boyson,    Waterloo,    la. 

S.   J,   Sine,  Waterloo,  la. 

Bertha   Strong,    Waterloo,   la. 

Ira  Baker,   Waterloo,   la. 

J.  B.  Green,  Waterloo,  la. 

H.    Shaw,   Waterloo,   la. 

M.    Holmes,    Waterloo,    la. 

A.   F.    Whittle,   Waterloo,    la, 

L,    L.   Parsons,  Douds,  la. 

T.   E.   Culp,   Lincoln,  Neb. 

A.    J.   Bush,    Aurora,   la. 

M.   Mortensen,   Ames,   la. 

F.    K.    Hinze,    Hanlontown,   la. 

Grant   H.    Nutting,   Davenport,    la. 

T.   A.    Clutter,   Ames,   la. 

Peter  Peterson,  Linn  Grove,  la. 

N.   J.   Shadwick.   Scarville,  la. 

H.    E.    Hagen,    Lake  Mills,   la. 

S.   O.    Soloman,   Scarville,  la. 

W.    F.    Graham,    New  Hartford,   la. 

W.    E.    Mann,   Goldfield,   la. 

K.  G.  McKay,  Ames,  la. 

T.    A.    Clark,    West  Bend,   la. 

Sam    Haugdahl,    St.    Peter,    Minn. 

0.   S.  Neal,  Dexter,  la. 

H.    R.    Galbraith,   Dubuque,    la. 

J.  H.   Stubbs,   Sioux  City,  la. 

H.    C.    Young,    Lincoln,    Neb. 

F.  A.  Leighton,  Des  Moines,  la. 


J.   E.  McAffrey,   Dundee,  la. 
J.    W.    Love,    Minneapolis,    Minn. 
Clair  Lillibridge,   Manchester,  la. 
J.    B.    Simmons,    Parkersburg,    la. 
E.    H.   King,    Parkersburg,   la. 
J.   R.   Chittick,   Des  Moines,   la. 

B.  C.    Iliff,    Des   Moines,    la. 
Geo.   Bowen,    Mason   City,    la. 
Nels  Nielsen,    Gilbertsville,   la. 
W.   F.   Nace,  Arhngton,  la. 
P.  W.   Johnson,  Everly,  la. 
Martin   Meyer,    Madison,    Wis. 
J.   L.   Crump,   St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Andrew  French,   St.   Paul,  Minn, 
R.    E.   Bantz,   Otterville,   la. 

E.    L.    Gill,    Independence,    la. 

Fred  Meinhardt,    Chicago,   111. 

A.   C.    Collyer,   Chicago,   111. 

G.    E.    Allen,    Fairfield,    la. 

E.    M.    Wentworth,    Des   Moines,    la. 

E.    G.   Parker,   Sioux  City,   la. 

C.  J.   Rohde,  Manchester,  la. 

S.    J.   Alexander,    Sioux   City,    la. 
W.    II.    Maust,    Waterloo,    la. 
W.    H,    Hanna,    Waterloo,    la. 
H.   J.  Wilson,  Waterloo,  la. 
A.   Lowenfels,  New  Y'ork  City. 
Fred  Brown,  Parkersburg,  la. 
R.    Duke  Barnum.   New  Y'ork   City. 
•J.   E.   Enright,   Milwaukee,   Wis. 
A.   F.   Ulrich,  Dubuque,   la. 
A.   E.   Fridley,   Sumner,  la. 
H.   R.   Bullis,   St.   Ansgar,   la. 
M.   V.   Bickel,  Mason  City,   la. 
N.    W.   Miller,   Waterloo,   la. 
H.   J.   Binger,   Ryan,   la. 
G.   A.    Emery,   Ryan,   la. 
T.   C.   Myers,   Waterloo,   la. 

E.  J.    Smith,    Waterloo.    la. 
J.  H.  Seba,  Ames,  la. 
Wm.  Meltzer,  Ames,  la. 

K     K.    Moore,   Waterloo,   la, 
Geo.    Assink,   Bassett,   la. 
N.   A.   Harvey,    Cedar  Falls,    la. 
W.   A.   Sreer,   Buckingham,   la. 

C.  F.   Brown,   Waterloo,   la. 
G.   A.   Feelv,   Waterloo,  la. 

F.  H.   McMillan,   Waterloo,   la. 
A.    M.    Black,    Waterloo.    la. 
F.   L.  King,  Waterloo,   la. 

D.  A.   Palmer,   Cxesco,   la. 
Fred  Hessell,   Waterloo,   la. 

E.  H.   Bryan,   Hampton,   la. 
J.   O.   Ersland,   Ladora,  la. 
W.    R.    Law,    Waterloo,    la. 
H.   D.   CoAvles,  Waterloo,   la. 
L.   Beal,   Waterloo,   la. 

D.   A.   Parker,   Des  Moines,   la. 

J.   F.   Laude,   Greenfield,   la. 

N.  J.  Olliver,  Waterloo,  la. 

J     R.   Smith,   Chicago,   111. 

T.    H.    Kenyon,   Chicago,   111. 

J.    J.    Gallagher,    Cedar   Rapids,   la. 

A.   Lockhart,  Denver,  Colo. 

L.   Woodiwiss,   Sheldon,  la. 

C.  P.  Hillman,  Cedar  Rapids,  la. 

F.  W.  Bunch,  Waterloo,  la. 
A.  F.  Kelley,  Sioux  City,  la. 
Fred    Sharp,    Des  Moines,    la. 

G.  V.  Fowler,  Waterloo,  la. 
D     L.   Porch,   Davenport,  la. 

D.  J.    Coyne,   Chicago,   111. 

W.    L.    KendaU,    Cedar  Rapids,   la. 

D.  W.  Dowry,  Fredericksburg,  la. 
C.  A.  Lowry,  Fredericksburg,  la. 
R.   E.   Leech,  Independence,  la. 

E.  R.   Smith,   Waterloo,   la. 

C.   B.   McClelland.   Cedar  Rapids.   la. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  IX 


529 


MEMBERSHIP  IOWA  STATE  DAIRY  ASSOCIATION-Continued 


Jno.   Deerf linger,   Cedar  Rapids,   la, 

H    H.  Beltz,  Des  Moines,  la. 

H.  J.  Burdick,  Elgin,  III. 

R.    V.    McCauley,    Waterloo,    la. 

F.   W.   Jacobs,   Cedar   Falls,   la. 

A.  W.   Chamberlain,  Waterloo,   la. 

L.   Larson,   Carroll,  la. 

Francis   Friday,    Cromwell,    la. 

Ole  T.   Groe,   Lake  Mills,   la. 

Ira   Finch,    Fairbank,    la. 

E.  H.    Hansen,    Maouoketa,    la. 
Bert   Smith,   Rowley,   la. 

I.   Mitchell,   Vinton,   la. 
H.   H.   Schroedemeier,   Waverly,   la. 
V.  A.   Lagen,  Dubuque,  la, 
J.   J.   Roach,   Mason   City,    la, 
Aug,   Anderson,  Ruthven,  la. 
Geo.  W.  Harben,  Waterloo,   la. 
W,    F.    Carpenter,    Manning,   la. 
Chris   Schnecberger,    Calmar,   la. 
L.  M.  Enger,  Decorah,  la. 
R.   G.   Kingsley,   Monona,   la. 
Thos.   J.   May,   New  York  City. 
R,    A.    Waugh,    D^s   Moines,    la. 

F.  L.  Odell,   Des  Moines,  la, 
I,   Woodring,   Waverly,   la. 
Geo,    Fowler,    Waterloo,    la. 
Jno.   Kruise,   Miles,   la. 

H.    J.    Enlebrecht,    Waterloo,    la. 
F.   A.   Ferguson,   Waterloo,  la. 
J.  J.  Rodgers,  Montezuma,  la, 
J.   E.   Lauredson,  Albert  City,  la. 
N,    O.    Dahlen,    Northwood,    la. 
Nock   Thcede,   Luzerne,   la. 
H.    T.    Landager,    Conover,    la. 
Wm,   H.   Merner,    Cedar  Falls,   la. 
J.    C.   Rush,  Williamsburg,   la. 
S.    F.   Kuntz,    Ridgeway,    la. 
Jno.    Engebretson,    Scarville,    la. 
J.   R.    Roney,    Decorah,   la. 
Henry    Blossfield,     Spragueville,    la, 
J.  0.  Jonnson,  Burr  Oak,  la. 
F.  R.   Kershner,  Winthrop,  la. 

D.  D,   Dean,    Ferguson,    la. 
W,  A.  Schrandt,  Calmar,  la. 

E.  O,   Barrick,    Janesville,   la. 

F.  L.   Kerr,  Manilla,  la. 

A.   J.    Stubbs,   Des   Moines,   la, 
H,  M,  McElroy,  Newton,  la. 

C.  L.   Fisher,  West  Liberty,  la. 

G.  E.   Hillier,   Cedar  Rapids,   la, 
Harry  W,  Gleim,  Arlington,  la, 
LeGrand  Gleim,   Arlington,   la. 
Carl  Nelson,  Swea  City,  la. 

F.   H.  Brockamp,   Ft.   Atkinson,   la. 

D.  P.  Marve,   Andover,   la. 
Chas.    E.   MeClue,    Lanesboro,   la. 
H.   M.   McMasters,   Iowa  Falls,  la. 
H.  B,  Shirk,  Spirit  Lake,  la. 

C.   S.  Mitchell,   Gladbrook,   la, 
J.  W.   Snow,  Independence,   la. 

C.  Hinkleman,   Maquoketa,    la. 
Joe  Brink,   Marion,   la. 

L.  R.  Morford,  Iowa  City,  la. 

D.  J.  De  Hough,  Boyden,  la. 

H.   G.   Burtness,   Hanlontown,  la, 

H.  E.   Kiester,   Waterloo,   la. 

J.   W.   Bragstadt,  Decorah,   la. 

J.   P,   Hummell,   Waterloo,   la. 

r.   L,   Maxwell,   Creston,   la. 

Chris  Jensen,    Toronto,   la. 

A.  F.   Radcliff,  Ames,  la. 

H.   C.   Barker,  Ames,   la. 

Rudolph  Bominghaus,   West   Bend,   la. 

S.  B.  Nichols,  Mason  City,  la. 

E.  W.   Hellenschmidt,   Waterloo,   la. 
Floyd    Finney,    Arlington,    la. 

J,   W.   Davis,   Linn  Grove,  la. 
H.    C,   Ladage,   Plalnfield,   la. 
34 


Otto  Dangelsen,  Decorah,  la. 
A.  O,  Bailey,  Waterloo,  la, 
W.  C,  Renner,  Waterloo,  la. 
O.  Renner,  Waterloo,  la. 
W.  E.  Boxton,  Waterloo,  la. 
J.  W.  Davies,  Linn  Grove,  la. 
Guy    Sickels,    Athleston,    la. 

F.  H.  Lightfield,  Buckeye,  la. 

H.   C.   Thompson,   Buffalo  Center,  la. 
J.   Wappleby,    Sand  Spring,   la. 
J.    W.   Waterman,   Klemme,  la. 
H.   R.    Smith,   Ackley,   la. 
C.   H.   Woodiwiss,   Stacyville,   la. 
W.    P.    Kramer,    Cedar    Rapids,    la. 
H.   H.   Case,  Bremer,  la. 
'  A.    J.   Andrews,    Manchester,    la. 
H.    A.   Axtcll,    Strawberry   Point,    la. 
S.   S.   Hudson,   Titonka,   la. 
W.    H.    Kothbentel,    Ackley,    la. 
Hans   Helgasen,    St.    Olaf,   la. 
K.    L.   Allen,   Marshalltown,   la. 

G.  M.    Miller,    Fayette,    la. 

M.   F.   Styles,   Cedar  Falls,   la. 

W.   H.   Kroeger,  Bennett,   la. 

H.    M.    Crocker,   Osage,   la. 

J.   B.   Kacht,   Waterloo,  la. 

L.  H.  Finch,  Fairbank,  la. 

P.   P.   Stewart,   Maynard,   la. 

J.    S.    Briggs,    Fayette,    la. 

J.   H.   Larkin,   Chariton,   la. 

J.   W.   McDougal,   Chariton,  la. 

Henry   Scheidmantle,    Ossian,    la. 

E.    E.    Henderson,    Central   City,    la. 

Frank  Albro,   Estherville,   la. 

Wm.    L.    Koch,    Brow-n,    la. 

W.    T.    Kepler,    Davenport,    la. 

Albert  Brandt,    Gentilly,    Minn. 

W.   J.   Wagner,   Halbur,  Ta. 

L.  D.   Williams,   New  Hartford,  la. 

P.   H.   Kelly,   Forest  City,   la. 

Wm.  H.  Gingrich,  Oak  Park,  111. 

Frank    Bowdish,    Randalia,    la. 

H.    D.   Reynolds,   Mason  City,   la. 

Ed  Eitel,   Hawkeye,   la, 

A.   O.    Pelly,   Rowan,   la. 

J.  A.   Young,   Waterloo,  la, 

A.  L.  Landis,  Coleburg,  la. 
Jno.  Jensen,  Waterloo,  la. 
Jno.  Corton,  Waterloo,  la. 
Wilbur  Miller,  Waterloo,  la. 
Henry    Rosenow,    Sumner,    la. 

'    J.    M.    Lichty,    Waterloo,    la. 
C.   E.   Bailey,   Waterloo,   la. 
G.  A.  Anderson,   Spring  Grove,   Minn. 
Robt.  Walsh,  Zwingle,  la. 
H.   W.   Laude,  Dubuque,  la. 
Jerome  Feeney,   Zwingle,   la. 
Joe  Taylor,   Dubuque,   la. 
Aug.    Meyer,    Lowden,    la. 
Geo.    F.    Kruckenberg,    Lowden,    la. 
R.    G.   Walters,   Hudson,   la. 
Arthur  Hollis,  Cedar  Falls,  la. 
H;!rold  R.  Grim,   Hudson,   la. 
Geo.   H.   Reifsnider,   New  York  City. 
J.  W.  Andorf,   Hudson,  la. 
Chas.    E.   Bickley,   Hudson,   la. 
Lawrence  Wassem,  Hudson,  la. 
Aug.    Brandhorst,    Hudson,    la. 
W.    J.    Wilson,    Grundy   Center,    la. 

B.  R.  Churchill,  Grundy  Center,  la, 
H.   B.   Addington,    Cedar  Rapids,   la. 
A.    N.   Wilson,   Hudson,   la. 

Fred   Christophel,    Bremer,    la. 

Frank  Thoren,  Waverly,   la. 

H.    Geiger,   W^Tterloo,   la. 

G.  F,  Johnson,  Hudson,  la. 

S.  P.  Hoover,  Waterloo,  la. 

A.    L.    Smith,    Hudson,    la. 

Jno.  A.  Wolstroni,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


530 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE^ 


MEMBERSHIP  IOWA  STATE  DAIRY  ASSOCIATION,  1912-Continued 


C.  M.  Kite,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

P.  D.  Nelson,  Moorhead,  la. 

M.   H.    Thompson,   Hudson,    la. 

C.  A.  Stensland.   Saude.  la. 

R.  H.  Walker,  Swea  City.  la. 

Geo.  C.  Butterfield,  Swea  City,  la. 

Fred   Thomas,    Dike,   la. 

John  Silverhorn,    Hartley,   la. 

H.   S.   Hague,   Zwingle,  la. 

B.  H,   Loeffers,   Lemars,   la. 

C.  M.   Raybum,   Calmar,   la. 
A.   O.   Plagesrud,    Calmar.   la. 
Iver  Barlow,  Calmar,  la. 

A.  A.  Olsen,   Conover,  la. 
E.  C.  Hunhan,  Okoboji,  la. 
J.  W.  Millness,  Preston,  la. 
Henry  LaPrenz,  Hudson,  la. 

E.  E.  Sweitzer,  Reinbeck,  la. 
R.   E.   Burns,   Voorhees,    la. 
G.   C.  Terrill,  Hudson,  la. 
H.  H.  Miller,  Hudson,  la. 

Ed  Gerlack,   Fredericksburg,  la. 

A,   F.   Kolthoff,   New  Hampton,   la. 

W.    H.    Kolthoff,    Fredericksburg,    la. 

Fred  Kolthoff,  New  Hampton,  la. 

Chas.   Waltz,   Fredericksburg,   la. 

Carl  R«edy,  Malcom,  la. 

Ed   H.    Craney,    Independence,    la. 

David  Hansen,    Cedar  Falls,   la. 

H.  R.  Wright,   Des  Moines,  la, 

Nels   Gylleck,    Kenset,    la. 

W.  C.  Tucker,  Ionia,  la, 

Carl  Erickson,   Nora  Springs,   la. 

Albert   Heyn,    Cumberland,   la. 

J.    L.   Dawley,    Kansas   City,   la. 

Walter  Faulkner,    Hudson,   la. 

F.  B.   Kenney,   Waverly,  la. 

W.  K.   Edwards,   Williamsburg,  la. 
F.  S.   Procter,   Fredericksburg,  la. 
J.   A.   Helling,  Arlington,   la. 
Jno.    H.    Grim,    Hudson.    la. 
Ernest  Brandhorst,   Hudson,  la, 
I.   R.   Sheffler,   Tripoli,  la. 
S,  M,  Lumbus,  Waterloo,  la. 

E.  Euken,    Cumberland,   la. 
J.  C.  Koch,  TripoH,  la. 

F.  E.    Cowles,    Pulaski,   la. 
C.   D.   Becker,  Waterloo,   la. 

J.  W.   Cagley,    Charles  City,   la. 
J.  E.  Lindering,   Charles  City,  la. 
Jno.    Christiansen,    Thornton,    la. 
Wilbur  Day,  Brighton,  la. 
H.  R.  Jacobs,  Scotch  Grove,  la. 
J.   W.    Swineburn,   Delhi,   la. 

E,  A.   Ikenbury,  Algona,   la. 
W,  S.  Wilcox,  Mason  City,  la. 
Ed  Canfield,  Fort  Dodge,  la. 

F,  G.  Pratt,  Des  Moines,  la. 

J.    S.    Stubbs,    Sioux    City.    la. 

Fred  Butz,   Ridgeway,  la. 

M.  E.  Blair,  Manchester,  la. 

R.   E.    Hollenbeck,    Shell  Rock,   la. 

Jesse  W.  Waltzman,   Delhi,   la. 

Fred  Pieplow,  Aurora,   la. 

C.   L.   Whitcomb,    Fredericksburg,   la. 


B.   A.    Weitnauer,    Hazleton,   la. 

E.  F,  Briggs,  Rockford,  la. 
H,   F.   DuBois,   Nashua,  la, 
M.  E,   McMurray,  Nashua,  la. 
Stuart   Barnett,    Charles   City,   la, 
N,  H,  Nelson,  Charles  City,  la, 

J,    C.    Farnham,    Rockford,    la. 

Olaf  D.  Loburg,   Emmons,  Minn. 

S.    S.    Jeck,    Atlantic,    la. 

H.   O.  Nelson,   Swea  City,  la, 

O,   R.   Beasted,   Ames,   la, 

W.    H.   Jones,   Ames,   la. 

M.  J.  Johnson,   Shell  Rock,  la. 

F.  A.    Salsbury,   Vinton,    la, 
E.   S.   Pyburn,   Vinton,   la. 

A.  H.   White,  Oskaloosa,   la. 

B.  E.   Jenifer,    Chicago,   111. 
S.   E.  Bentley,   Waterloo,   la. 

C.  R.   Munger,   Waterloo,   la. 
T.   J.    Julien,   Algona,   la. 
Howard    ShuU,    Williamsburg,    la. 
W.   S.   Butler,    WiUiamsburg,   la. 
A.   Whitacker,  West  Liberty,   la. 
W.    O.    Page,    Beaver  Creek,   Wis. 

G.  A.   Morgan,   Spencer,   la. 

P.  J.  Cooney,  New  Hampton,  la. 

J.   H.    Prier,   Dyersville,   la. 

C.    C.   Butler,  Waterloo,   la. 

J.  T.   Handt,  Waterloo,  la. 

L.   B.   Newburger,  Ames,   la. 

Ed  Shuna,  Ames,  la. 

J.   B,   Morck,   Aplington,   la, 

J,   E,   Workman,   Sioux  City,   la, 

G.   A,    Rosenberger,   Iowa  Falls,   la. 

H.   J.   Hansen,   New  Hartford,   la. 

W,   A,    Rizer,    Scotch  Grove,    la, 

C.  A.  Sutherland,   Scotch  Grove.  la. 

J.   N.   Kiburg,   Scotch  Grove,   la. 

E.  C.  Capper,   Dumont,  la. 
W.    L.    Latcher,    Fairbank,    la. 
M.  Wamsley,  Clarksville,  la. 
L.  E,  Darby,   ClarksviUe,   la. 
C.    Darby,    Clarksville,    la. 
Fred  Hillman,   Lytton,  la. 

H.  E,  Corin,  Waterloo,  la. 

R,    E.    Cobb,   Independence,   la. 

W.  N.  McLennon,  Owasa,  la. 

Jno.   Gunn,   Owasa,   la. 

Chas,   Jackson,  Owasa.  la. 

W.  A.  Allen,  Owasa,  la. 

C.  E.  Fassler,  Owasa,  la. 

Clarence  Huffman.   Owasa,  la. 

Jas.  Taff,  Jesup,  la. 

Florence  Carter,   Jesup,    la. 

Frank  Brunner,    Charles   City,   la. 

Carey   Jones,    Iowa   Falls,    la. 

W.   E.   Carver,   Cedar  Rapids,  la. 

Will  Dilley,    Fredericksburg,    la. 

S.   Gatlin,   Oskaloosa,   la. 

M.   S,   Stevens,   Oskaloosa,   la. 

L.   R,   Leeper,   Waterloo,   la, 

L.  Morse,  Waterloo,  la, 

F,  E,  Helleman,  Fort  Dodge,  la, 
E.   Easem,   Waterloo,  la. 

W.   F.  Shafer,   Postville.  la. 


PART  X 


Extracts  from  State   Dairy   Commissioner's   Report 
of  1912  —  Twenty-Sixth  Annual 


W.  B.  BARNEY,  Gemmissioner 


In  looking  up  data  in  this  office,  we  find  that  the  first  report  made  by 
the  Dairy  Commissioner  was  published  with  the  proceedings  of  the 
Agricultural  Society  and  that  this  report  covered  six  months  and  was 
under  date  of  November  1,  1886.  On  November  1,  1887,  the  Honorable 
H.  D.  Sherman  made  his  second  report  to  the  governor,  Wm.  Larrabee, 
covering  the  first  eighteen  months  following  the  enactment  of  the  Dairy 
Law.  This  report  showed  that  one  assistant  or  clerk  was  employed. 
Little  data  had  been  kept  as  to  the  amount  or  value  of  Iowa  dairy  products 
up  to  this  time.  The  report  does  not  show  much  of  promise  in  the 
situation. 

Later  enactments  of  the  legislature  made  this  department  responsible 
for  the  enforcement  of  the  following  laws: 
Pure  Food  Law. 
Weight  and   Measure  Law. 
Agricultural  Seed  Law. 
Concentrated  Feeding  Stuffs  Law. 
Condimental   Stock  Food  Law. 
Paint  and  Linseed  Oil  Law. 
Turpentine  Law. 

The  foregoing  statement  of  expenses  of  this  department  includes  the 
salaries  of  the  Commissioner,  Deputy  Commissioner,  State  Dairy  In- 
spector, four  Assistant  Dairy  Commissioners,  two  Assistant  Dairy  Com- 
missioners, and  Food  Inspectors,  five  Food  Inspectors,  and  the  clerical 
help  in  both  Dairy  and  Food  Departments.  The  janitor  though  paid  by 
this  department  does  the  work  in  the  Veterinary  Department  also. 

"We  have  not  thought  best  to  discuss  matters  in  this  report  per- 
taining to  the  enforcement  of  these  laws  only  as  they  are  incidentally 
connected  and  have  to  do  with  the  dairy  work.  It  is  obvious  to  all 
that  a  good  sanitary  law  would  be  most  helpful  in  bringing  about  better 
conditions  in  dairying  as  well  as  in  all  other  branches  of  the  various 
industries  that  are  connected  with  food  products.  Therefore,  our  recom- 
mendation that  a  sanitary  measure  be  enacted. 


532  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Up  to  the  time  of  the  Civil  war  a  very  large  proportion  of  our  people 
lived  on  farms.  They  had  very  little  to  sell  and  bought  less.  Many  of 
us  recall  the  days  when  a  little  sugar,  tea,  coffee  and  spices,  was  about 
all  that  we  bought  of  the  grocer  or  at  that  time  the  general  store.  There 
were  practically  no  eatables  offered  for  sale  in  cans  or  cartons,  as  many 
of  the  products  that  the  housewife  depends  upon  her  grocer  for  now, 
were  then  prepared  on  the  farm  or  in  the  home.  The  farmer  raised 
his  own  grains  taking  them  to  the  local  mill  to  be  ground,  the  miller 
taking  his  share  in  the  shape  of  toll  for  the  grinding,  the  farmer 
taking  what  was  left,  if  there  was  any.  Even  in  those  days  protection 
by  the  enactment  of  a  just  law  would  have  been  helpful.  The  farmer 
raised  his  own  meats.  Cattle,  hogs  and  sheep  were  killed  on  the  farm. 
The  packer  was  practically  unknown  as  the  farmer  cured  his  supply  of 
meat  during  the  winter  for  the  ensuing  year.  Creameries  had  not  been 
thought  of,  as  all  butter  v/as  made  on  the  farm.  We  had  no  reason  for 
the  enactment  of  an  "oleo"  law  as  this  product  was  not  known. 

Conditions  have  changed  in  the  last  half  century  and  we  have  little 
idea  of  the  man  who  raises  our  grains  or  grinds  our  flour,  or  who  our 
butcher  is,  or  who  furnishes  us  with  our  butter,  eggs,  and  poultry.  The 
man  who  produces  it  to  sell  has  little  knowledge  of  who  will  consume 
it.  This  is  a  commercial  age  and  naturally  the  man  who  has  any  kind 
of  a  product  for  sale  desires  to  get  out  of  it  all  that  he  possibly  can. 
The  larger  percentage  of  the  people  engaged  in  the  business  are  selling 
dairy  and  food  products  without  misrepresentation  or  adulteration. 
There  are  people  who  for  the  sake  of  profit  are  unscrupulous  enough  to 
adulterate  and  misrepresent  these  products.  Therefore,  the  necessity  of 
enacting  laws  and  the  appointment  of  officers,  whose  duty  it  is  to  see 
that  these  laws  are  enforced  as  a  matter  of  protection  to  the  people. 
HELPFUL   ACTS    OF    THE    THIRTY-FOURTH    GENERAL   ASSEMBLY. 

The  last  legislature  did  much  to  strengthen  the  dairy  and  food  laws 
as  well  as  making  possible  the  enforcement  of  all  laws  by  giving  the 
commissioner  power  to  withhold  or  revoke  licenses  of  the  operators  of 
the  Babcock  test  or  that  of  a  milk  dealer.  Great  discretion  should,  and 
has  been,  used  in  this  work  and  only  in  extreme  cases  have  we  felt 
obliged  to  revoke  these  licenses.  The  great  good  that  results  from  this 
kind  of  a  law  is  that  it  may  be  used  as  a  "Big  Stick"  in  obliging  offenders 
to  comply  with  the  law  or  discontinue  business. 

INCREASED  REVENUE  FROM  LICENSES. 

Two  thousand,  six  hundred  sixty-nine  licenses  to  operate  the  Babcock 
test  were  issued  the  first  year  ending  June  1,  1912.  As  a  source  of 
revenue  this  measure  brought  to  the  state  treasury  $6,682.50.  The  amount 
will  undoubtedly  reach  $7,000.00  this  year.  The  increased  revenue  of 
$744.00  from  milk  licenses  (the  law  having  been  changed  so  as  to  apply 
to  all  municipal  corporations  instead  of  to  cities  of  10,000  or  more 
people)  should  be  added  to  the  above,  making  a  net  increase  of  $7,426.50. 
This  would  pay  the  salary  and  expenses  of  three  extra  men. 

The  addition  of  two  Assistant  Dairy  Commissioners  in  the  depart- 
ment by  the  Thirty-fourth  General  Assembly  has  enabled  us  to  care  for 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  X  533 

the  work  in  a  much  more  satisfactory  manner  than  ever  before.  The 
appointment  of  inspectors  for  the  purpose  of  doing  both  dairy  and  food 
work  was  something  of  a  departure  from  former  custom,  and  the  re- 
sults have  been  most  satisfactory. 

EDUCATIONAL   WORK. 

The  records  show  that  speakers  from  this  department  have  addressed 
over  three  hundred  meetings  within  the  last  year.  We  have  assisted 
the  Iowa  State  Dairy  Association  by  furnishing  men  as  speakers  on 
dairy  trains.  Many  of  the  addresses  have  been  before  farmers'  institutes, 
dairy  picnics,   pure   food   shows,   women's   clubs,   etc. 

INCREASE  IN  NUMBER  OP  CREAMERIES.       "* 

We  have  assisted  in  the  organization  of  a  number  of  new  creameries 
as  well  as  to. help  those  that  have  needed  assistance  of  various  kinds. 
Our  last  report  shows  that  Iowa  had  494  creameries.  This  report  shows 
an  increase  of  18  or  a  total  of  512.  We  think  this  a  very  creditable 
showing.  No  branch  of  Iowa's  manufacturing  industries  has  more  to 
do  with  the  general  prosperity  of  our  people  than  this. 

IOWA  AS  A  BUTTER  STATE. 

V/e  have  tried  to  present  for  consideration  of  the  Iowa  dairymen  a 
few  concrete  facts  like  the  following: 

Iowa  produces  annually  100,000,000  pounds  of  creamery  butter,  Avhich 
at  30  cents  per  pound  is  worth  $30,000,000.00. 

The  average  Iowa  cow  produces  140  pounds  of  butter  fat  annually. 
AlH  increase  of  fifty  pounds  per  cow  would  mean  an  additional  income 
to  Iowa  of  $18,750,000.  An  increase  of  100  pounds  per  cow  would  mean 
a  net  increase  of  $37,500,000. 

The  best  Iowa  county  produces  7,542  pounds  of  creamery  butter  per 
square  mile.  If  the  entire  state  produced  an  equal  amount  on  each 
square  mile,  Iowa  would  yield  annually  418,558,875  pounds  of  butter 
worth  $125,567,622.50  or  more  than  four  times  its  present  output. 

Herein  lies  Iowa's  opportunity. 

Is  it  not  worth  while? 

We  have  tried  to  show  that  by  the  use  of  the  scales  and  Babcock  test 
and  the  weeding  out  process  with  a  little  better  care  and  feed  they  could 
easily  increase  the  production  of  their  herd  fifty  pounds  per  cow  per 
year.  That  by  the  use  of  a  pure  bred  dairy  sire  they  could  breed  up 
their  herds  and  make  a  still  further  increase  of  fifty  pounds  per  cow, 
making  a  net  increased  income  of  $37,500,000.00.  It  is  in  the  last  three 
or  four  years  only  that  any  considerable  number  of  dairy  sires  have 
been  shipped  into  the  state.  It  is  easy  to  understand  that  it  takes  sev- 
eral years  before  an  increase  in  our  production  will  be  shown  as  most 
of  the  heifers,  the  result  of  the  first  cross,  would  not  be  bred  to  freshen 
before  they  are  about  three  years  of  age.  We  maintain  that  a  herd 
bred  up  by  the  use  of  a  pure  bred  dairy  sire  is  for  all  practical  pur- 
poses, so  far  as  the  production  of  dairy  products  is  concerned,  as  good 


534  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

as  a  pure  bred  herd,  especially  after  four  or  five  crosses.  We  always 
advise  the  use  of  a  pure  bred  sire  and  never  discourage  the  buying  of 
some  pure  bred  females  if  the  dairyman  has  a  few  hundred  dollars  left 
after  buying  the  sire. 

SAVE   THE   CALVES. 

We  think  the  tendency  among  the  dairymen  to  rush  the  calves  to 
market  as  soon  as  they  are  dropped  deplorable.  We  are  greatly  limiting 
the  supply  of  dairy  cows  by  this  course.  There  is  already  a  shortage  of 
she  stuff  and  the  only  remedy  we  know  of  is  that  of  saving  the  larger 
share  of  the  best  heifer  calves.  Prices  for  good  dairy  cows  were  never 
higher  nor  the  demand  better  than  at  this  time,  and  if  we  wish  to  come 
anywhere  near  keeping  up  the  supply  for  the  future  the  heifers  at  least 
must  be  spared.  If  some  change  does  not  come  at  once  and  more 
calves  can  be  raised  the  price  of  cows  will  be  prohibitive,  and  as  a 
result  our  supply  of  dairy  products  will  be  materially  reduced. 

NEW    BUILDING    A    NECESSITY. 

New  quarters  for  this  department  should  be  provided.  Within  the 
last  two  or  three  years  the  work  of  this  department  has  more  than 
doubled.  The  help  has,  and  will  have  to  be  increased  as  extra  work 
is  added.  Permit  me  to  call  attention  to  the  following,  which  is  a  fair 
indication  of  the  growth  of  the  department:  The  receipts  turned  over 
to  the  state  treasurer  for  1909  were  $9,593.24;  for  1910,  $17,435.32; 
for  1911,  $20,892.97;  for  the  first  nine  months  of  1912,  January 
1st  to  October  1st,  $18,422.88.  Besides  the  above,  all  the  fines  under 
the  Pure  Food  Law  are  turned  into  the  school  fund  in  the  different 
counties  where  prosecutions  are  made. 

The  quarters  now  occupied  by  this  Department  were  never  suitable 
to  the  work,  and  at  this  time  are  too  congested  to  permit  the  best 
service.  There  are  so  many  other  departments  in  the  capitol  that  are 
overcrowded  that  we  sincerely  hope  that  the  Thirty-fifth  General  As- 
sembly will  see  the  necessity  of  the  erection  of  a  new  building  with 
the  least  possible  delay. 

NEW  MEASURES  RECOMMENDED. 

The  enforcement  of  the  Weight  and  Measure  Law  was  added  to 
the  duties  of  this  Department  late  in  the  last  session  of  the  General 
Assembly.  This  has  given  us  at  least  2  5  per  cent  more  work  than 
we  formerly  had  to  look  after.  No  additional  help  or  increase  in 
appropriation  was  given  on  this  account.  The  enactment  of  an  entirely 
new  weight  and  measure  law,  a  cold  storage  law,  and  a  sanitary 
measure  similar  to  the  one  passed  by  the  senate  at  the  last  session  are 
recommended  as  absolutely  necessary.  A  net  weight  law  would  be 
most  helpful  in  correcting  some  of  the  evils  now  existing. 

If  the  members  of  the  senate  and  house  could  be  impressed  with 
the  fact  that  there  is  such  a  general  demand  for  these  laws  as  we 
know  exists,  they  would  not  question  the  advisability  of  their  enact- 
ment without  delay. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  X  535 

SILOS. 

Twenty-five  years  ago  the  silo  was  almost  an  unheard  of  thing  in 
Iowa.  The  rapid  increase  in  the  price  of  land  has  brought  about  a 
condition  which  makes  the  farmer  of  today  study  economic  problems 
in  connection  with  his  business  the  same  as  any  other  manufacturer. 
Leakages  or  wastes  must  be  guarded  against  if  the  farmer  is  to  make 
a  profit  on  his  high-priced  land. 

The  dairy  cow  is  the  most  economical  producer  of  human  food  on 
the  farm  if  fed  and  cared  for  in  an  intelligent  manner.  The  milk 
of  a  cow  that  produces  10,000  pounds  yearly  contains  8,710  pounds 
of  water,  290  pounds  of  fat,  485  pounds  of  sugar,  340  pounds  of 
protein  and  7  5  pounds  of  ash.  Therefore,  it  is  evident  that  the  cow 
must  consume  large  quantities  of  succulent  feed  to  produce  econom- 
ically. The  grass  in  summer  provides  her  with  this  succulent  feed 
but  if  the  farmer  is  without  a  silo  his  cows  are  deprived  of  succulent 
feed  for  winter  use.  No  man  keeping  six  or  more  cows  can  afford 
to  be  without  a  silo  regardless  of  the  first  cost. 

Today  the  silo  is  no  longer  an  experiment  and  practically  all  the 
leading  dairymen  of  the  country  are  using  them.  Some  seven  or  eight 
thousand  new  silos  have  been  built  in  Iowa  alone  during  the  past  year 
which  is  sufficient  evidence  that  they  are  a  success.  We  are  not 
suffering  today  in  the  rural  districts  for  the  want  of  finding  new  things 
so  much  as  we  are  for  the  simple  application  of  the  things  we  already 
know.  Practically  every  farmer  admits  that  the  silo  is  a  good  thing 
but  he  puts  off  till  tomorrow  what  he  should  do  today  and  the  waste 
of  crop  continues  from  year  to  year.  In  the  corn  belt  where  stalks 
are  allowed  to  stand  in  the  field,  40  per  cent  of  the  crop  is  wasted. 
It  has  been  estimated  that  an  acre  of  corn  put  up  in  the  silo  has  a 
value  of  $45.00  while  the  same  standing  in  the  field  and  husked  has 
a  value  of  $27.00. 

Thus  it  can  be  seen  that  the  silo  nearly  doubles  the  value  of  the 
corn  crop. 

In  feeding  silage  with  alfalfa  or  clover  hay,  we  have  practically 
a  balanced  ration  all  raised  on  the  farm.  Experiments  have  been  con- 
ducted at  the  Kansas  and  other  stations  which  show  that  the  grain 
ration  can  be  cut  down  one-half  the  usual  amount  where  alfalfa  or 
clover  hay  and  ensilage  are  fed.  Ensilage  always  plays  a  prominent 
part  in  the  economical  ration  of  most  farm  animals  and  may  the  day 
be  not  far  distant  when  the  silo  will  be  as  common  a  sight  on  the 
Iowa  farm  as  the  corn-crib  is  today. 

CITY  MILK  INSPECTION. 

While  there  is  yet  much  room  for  improvement,  we  do  feel  that  the 
cities  of  Iowa  today  are  receiving  better  milk  than  at  any  previous  time. 
(We  quote  a  recent  editorial  in  the  Breeders'  Gazette  of  Chicago) 
"The  city  milk  consumer  wants  clean  milk  and  should  have  it.  There 
is  a  marked  and  'very  healthy  demand  for  better  milk  by  the  board  of 
health  in  practically  all  cities  and  many  of  them  are  considering  the 


536  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

enactment  of  regulations  and  restrictions  for  the  producer  of  milk. 
Sometimes  these  are  not  wise,  sometimes  they  remember  that  to 
conform  to  their  rules  requires  an  increased  outlay  and  a  higher  pro- 
duction cost  but  most  times  they  do  not.  When  the  city  is  ready  to 
pay  for  clean,  first  class  milk,  it  will  be  forthcoming,  but  the  cheap 
milk  and  the  clean,  rich  milk  which  most  cities  demand,  is  an  impos- 
sible combination.  It  is  not  fair  to  the  dairyman  to  ask  that  they 
furnish  a  superior  product  at  an  inferior  price.  The  real  solution 
for  less  bacteria  is  more  cents  per  quart." 

We  feel  that  by  the  use  of  the  government  score  card,  we  are 
enabled  to  efficiently  improve  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  dairies 
and  instruct  the  dairymen  in  the  better  care  of  their  product.  We 
surmise  that  the  marked  agitation  for  pure  milk  in  Chicago  is  causing 
the  cities  of  Iowa  to  wake  up  to  the  importance  of  the  supervision 
of  the  milk  supply,  but  we  should  remember  that  the  conditions  in  the 
smaller  cities  are  not  what  they  are  found  to  be  in  cities  the  size  of  Chi- 
cago, in  this:  that  in  the  average  Iowa  city  the  milk  is  consumed  before 
it  is  2  4  hours  old  and  probably  50  per  cent  of  it  within  12  hours  from 
the  time  it  is  milked;  v/hereas,  in  these  larger  cities  where  the  milk 
is  shipped  in  from  long  distances,  the  milk  is  usually  24  hours  and 
often  48  hour.g  or  more  old  before  it  reaches  the  consumer. 

There  are  two  cardinal  points  that  control  the  wholesomeness  of 
milk,  one  is  its  age  and  the  other  the  tempsrature  at  which  it  is  kept 
and  while  the  latter  condition  is  overcome  in  a  measure  by  the  use 
of  refrigeration  cars,  the  age  of  the  milk  in  these  larger  cities  is  always 
much  increased  before  consumption  and  while  our  problems  are  sim- 
ilar, it  is  much  simplified.  In  these  towns  and  small  cities,  the  bulk 
of  the  milk  is  produced  within  a  short  hauling  distance  and  much 
of  it  even  within  the  corporation. 

The  market  milk  question  would  be  greatly  simplified  if,  as  Dr. 
Jacobi,  in  his  president's  address  before  the  last  meeting  of  the  A.  M.  A., 
states  that  practically  all  mothers  could  nurse  their  own  infants  if 
they  would  and  the  use  of  artificial  feed  for  infants  could  thus  be 
eliminated.  His  remark  that  an  action  for  homicide  should  be  insti- 
gated in  every  case  of  death  of  a  baby  from  want  of  its  own  mother's 
milk  against  the  doctor,  the  nurse  or  the  mother,  seems  harsh,  but 
it  is  doubtless  true. 

We  recognize  the  fact  that  in  a  large  sense  the  question  of  clean 
milk  -is  a  public  health  question  but  we  must  also  reraember  that  it 
has  an  economic  side  and  that  the  most  efficient  way  to  induce  the 
dairyman  to  produce  a  sanitary  milk  is  to  increase  their  profits  by 
furnishing  for  them  a  market  whereby  it  may  replace  the  inferior 
sort.  Sanitary  milk  cannot  be  produced  with  the  average  Iowa  cow, 
delivered  and  sold  on  the  market  today  for  less  than  8  1-3  cents  per 
quart.  From  personal  observation  I  should  estimate  that  85  per  cent 
of  our  market  milk  is  sold  for  a  little  over  7  cents  per  quart  (14  quarts 
for  $1.00)  or  less.  Possibly  14  per  cent  at  8  1-3  cents  per  quart  (or 
12  quarts  for  $1.00)  and  only  a  fraction  of  1  per  cent  above  this  price. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  X  537 

Market  milk  lias  not  increased  in  price  proportionate  to  other  dairy 
products  in  recent  years. 

The  salntary  effect  of  milk  inspection  is  well  illustrated  by  reference 
to  the  experience  of  the  city  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.  During  the  five  years 
from  1887  to  1892  the  Infant  mortality  of  that  city  ranged  from  740 
to  900  per  cent.  Tn  1892  efficient  milk  inspection  was  inaugurated 
and  the  infant  mortality  rapidly  dropped  until  during  the  years  from 
1897  to  1904  it  ranged  between  400  and  4  60  per  year. 

We  have  been  using  quite  extensively  the  government  score  card 
and  we  find  that  the  average  score  of  dairy  farms  in  Iowa  is  less  than 
45  per  cent  out  of  a  possible  100  per  cent.  This,  of  course,  is  quite 
low  but  not  so  low  as  that  of  the  dairies  supplying  milk  to  Chicago 
which  is  nearly  five  points  less  and  the  dairies  supplying  the  city  of 
Washington  score  an  average  of  only  43  points.  While  the  use  of  the 
score  card  system  is  of  recent  date,  all  familiar  with  its  use  agree  that 
by  the  proper  use  of  this  system,  the  dairies  so  scored  do  improve 
often  quite  m.aterially  from  one  to  a  subsequent  visit  of  the  inspector. 
By  its  use  each  particular  item  is  gone  over  in  detail  and  record  made 
of  conditions  found  and  while  some  might  be  inclined  to  give  undue 
importance  to  some  one  thing,  this  method  gives  to  each  item  its 
proper  and  due  weight  and  no  more.  In  the  city  of  Des  Moines  all 
the  dairies  supplying  milk  to  the  city  were  scored  for  the  first  time 
some  two  years  ago  and  we  have  just  recently  finished  scoring  them 
again  and  find  that  the  average  increase  of  the  score  of  these  dairies 
has   been   in  this  time   13    points    (or   from    4  6   to    59). 

The  problems  in  market  mJlk  vary  with  the  season.  For  instance; 
in  the  winter  time  when  cows  are  housed,  the  sanitary  conditions  of 
the  barn,  (including  the  kind  of  floor,  ventilation,  provisions  for  light) 
have  a  marked  influence  on  the  quality  of  the  milk;  whereas,  in  the 
summ.er,  this  factor  does  not  enter  largely  into  the  question  for  the 
reason  that  the  cows  are  stabled  only  at  milking  time.  But  in  the 
summer,  we  have  the  fly  to  deal  with.  This  is  a  very  unwelcome  com- 
panion to  the  cow  and  only  recently  have  the  people  been  awakened 
to  the  fact  that  the  fly  is  the  one  great  menace  to  the  public  health. 
We  find  as  much  or  more  visible  dirt  or  sediment  in  milk  during  the 
summer  time  than  during  the  winter  season  but  this  summer  sediment 
is  not  so  deleterious  to  the  milk  as  that  of  winter.  The  sediment  in 
summer  is  usually  caused  by  the  cow  wading  or  standing  in  water 
and  fighting  flies  and  throwing  the  muddy  water  on  her  udder  and 
belly.  This  dries  and  at  the  time  of  milking  falls  into  the  pail  in 
the  form  of  black  dirt  or  sand,  whereas,  the  sediment  found  in  win- 
ter's milk  is  usually  dried  manure. 

The  proper  food  for  the  infant  mammal  be  it  man,  horse,  cow,  dog 
or  sheep  or  porpoise  is  the  milk  of  its  own  mother,  but  with  the 
human  infant,  the  best  and  most  available  substitute  for  its  mother's 
milk  is  the  milk  of  the  cow.  The  ideal  milk  is  that  produced  from 
perfectly  healthy  cows  and  handled  in  a  strictly  sanitary  manner, 
milked  clean,  cooled  immediately  after  milking  and  consumed  at  the 
earliest  possible  moment  thereafter. 


538  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

There  is  a  tendency  to  demand  that  market  milk  shall  be  pasteur- 
ized. The  attitude  of  this  department  on  the  question  of  pasteuriza- 
tion stated  briefly  is  this:  In  the  absence  of  a  strictly  first  class  raw 
milk,  pasteurization  is  advisable  and  when  we  speak  of  pasteurization 
we  mean  efficient  pasteurization.  Efficient  pasteurization  is  that 
process  whereby  all  pathogenic  germs  in  the  milk  are  rendered  inert 
and  harmless  by  heating  the  milk  to  the  lowest  possible  point.  This 
can  be  accomplished  by  heating  the  milk  to  a  temperature  of  145 
degrees  F.  for  25  to  30  minutes.  Commercial  pasteurization  is  usually 
not  efficient  pasteurization  but  is  used  simply  for  the  purpose  of  killing 
the  lactic  acid  bacteria  and  thus  preventing  the  souring  of  milk.  A 
milk  that  in  its  raw  state  could  not  be  sold  and  delivered  to  the  cus- 
tomer from  the  fact  that  it  would  become  sour  in  a  few  hours  can 
be  pasteurized  and  remains  sweet  for  a  period  of  24  to  48  hours. 
Pasteurization,  however,  does  not  make  dirty  milk  clean  milk.  That 
the  mother  may  be  sure  that  the  milk  is  properly  pasteurized,  we 
recommend  the  home  pasteurization  of  milk.  This  is  not  a  laborious 
task  nor  does  it  require  great  technical  skill  or  extensive  apparatus 
to  pasteurize  the  amount  of  milk  used  by  the  baby.  We  feel  that  we 
should  insist  upon  this  process  being  used  particularly  during  the 
hot  months  of  summer.     It  can  be  accomplished  thus: 

See  that  the  milk  is  sweet  and  clean  when  delivered  to  you.  Place 
the  bottle  in  a  pail  or  similar  receptacle,  holding  at  least  as  large  a 
volume  of  water  as  you  have  of  milk.  Place  under  the  bottle  a  per- 
forated can  cover  or  some  similar  device  to  keep  the  bottom  of  the 
bottle  from  immediate  contact  from  the  bottom  of  this  pail.  Place 
this  pail,  filled  with  water  up  to  near  the  level  of  the  milk  in  the 
bottle,  over  the  flame,  and  when  the  water  has  boiled,  but  not  the 
milk,  remove  immediately  from  the  stove  and  allow  the  milk  bottle 
to  stand  in  this  water  for  twenty-five  minutes.  Then  remove  and  cool 
as  quickly  as  possible  to  50  degrees  F.  or  less.  The  milk  bottle 
should  be  placed  in  a  clean  refrigerator  in  the  compartment  with 
the  ice  and  not  with  the  other  articles  of  food  in  the  refrigerator. 

The  consumer  is  apt  to  think  there  is  nothing  he  can  do.  Observa- 
tion teaches  that  when  the  patrons  of  the  milk  man  are  in  the  habit 
of  visiting  his  dairy  farm  and  looking  over  the  conditions  there  he 
is  apt  to  be  more  particular  to  keep  things  looking  clean  than  he 
otherwise  would.  If  you  are  a  patron  of  his,  it  is  certainly  your 
privilege  to  do  this  and  particularly  if  you  have  children  in  your 
family  it  is  a  duty  you  owe  to  yourself  and  them.  If  the  dairy  is  clean, 
they  will  welcome  such  inspection  and  if  it  is  dirty,  they  are  apt  to 
clean  up.  Ask  your  milkman  for  explicit  instructions  for  finding  his 
farm  or  the  farm  where  the  milk  is  produced.  If  he  is  expecting  you, 
it  often  has  the  same  effect  as  though  you  should  actually  go  out. 

Market  milk  should  be  delivered  in  bottles.  Ycu  should  have  a 
place  where  the  milkman  may  leave  it  out  of  the  way  of  cats  and 
dogs  and  in  a  cool,  shady  place.  These  bottles  should  be  taken  into 
the  house  as  soon  as  delivered,  put  under  the  cold  water  faucet,  and 
washed  off  on  the  outside.     Then  loosen  the  cap  and  place  the  bottle 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  X 


539 


in  the  refrigerator  or  on  the  ice,  inverting  over  the  mouth  of  the 
bottle  a  common  teacup.  We  score  the  dairyman  for  uncleanliness, 
and  bad  smelling  surroundings,  but  it  is  a  fact  that  most  family 
refrigerators  would  be  benefitted  by  more  frequent  cleaning  and  airing. 
The  medical  milk  commission  of  the  city  of  New  York  visited  4,300 
homes  in  that  city  and  found  milk  improperly  cared  for  in  4,100  of 
these  homes. 


Table  showing  the  number  of   milk  licenses  issued  to  city   milk  dealers   for  each  year 
from  1905  to  1912.     In  each  case  the  year  ends  on  July  4. 


1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

• 
1910 

Jll 

1912 

827 

803 

1006 

1078 

1149 

1106 

1310 

1908 

Cities 


Boone  

Burlington     -— 
Cedar  Rapids-. 

Clinton    

Council    Bluffs 

Davenport   

Des    Moines 

Dubuque  

Fort  Dodge 

Keokuk    

Towa    City 

MarshalltoAvn 
Mason     City_-- 

Muscatine  

Ottumwa    

Sioux  City 

Waterloo    


Population 


10,347 
25,741 
32,811 
25,577 
29,292 
43,028 
86,368 
38,494 
15,543 
14,008 
10,091 
14,000 
11,230 
16,178 
22,012 
47,848 
26,693 


Inspectors 


M.    Healy,    M.    D. 
W.    F.   Sehroeder 
Phil  Pray 

Peter  Smith 

H.  J.  High 

J.   Howard  Sasseen 

F.    J.    Kennedy,    D.    V.    S. 

D.  C.   Benjamin 

W.   P.   Sherlock,   M.   D. 
C.  S.  Chase,  M.  D. 
J.  A.  Turner 

A.  L.    Wheeler,    M.    D. 
John  Tillie,  D.  V.  S. 

B.  W.   Van  Der  Veer 

E.  C.  Pape 
W.    W.    Wyant 


540 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


f3(^r\4tc^^    J^lLlv  Irvs^ix^ito^Fy^ 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  X  541 

IOWA    STATE    DAIRY    ASSOCIATION. 

The  Iowa  State  Dairy  Association,  first  with  Hugh  G.  Van  Pelt  as 
expert,  and  since  June  1st  under  the  direction  of  E.  S.  Estel  as  expert, 
has  worked  throughout  the  entire  state  during  the  past  year.  It  has 
been  the  main  object  of  the  association  to  reach  as  many  farmers  and 
dairymen  as  possible  and  give  a  general  insight  into  the  dairy  condi- 
tions as  they  now  exist  in  the  state,  and  to  advocate  practical  methods 
for   future   improvement. 

The  most  important  activities  during  the  past  year  have  been  the 
dairy  trains  operating  over  the  Illinois  Central  system  and  the  Rock 
Island  system  north  of  the  main  line.  Large  and  interested  crowds 
met  the  trains  at  every  stop  and  listened  attentively  to  the  talks  and 
practical  demonstrations  given  by  the  experts.  Seventy-six  towns 
were  visited  on  the  Illinois  Central  and  one  hundred  and  nine  on  the 
Rock  Island,  the  speakers  reaching  130,000   interested  Iowa  farmers. 

Aside  from  the  dairy  trains,  speakers  were  furnished  for  thirty- 
eight  farmers'  institutes  during  the  winter.  The  creameries  have  been 
holding  meetings  and  picnics  all  summer  to  encourage  their  patrons 
to  first  raise  a  more  profitable  type  of  dairy  animal  and  then  produce 
a  better  grade  of  cream  for  the  factory  and  in  view  of  these  pressing 
needs  thirty-two  such  meetings  have  been  attended  by  speakers  from 
the  association.  Considering  all  of  the  meetings  held,  the  speakers 
representing  the  Iowa  State  Dairy  Association  have  attended  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty-five  meetings  and  talked  directly  to  over  150,000  farmers 
of  the  state. 

ICE-CREAM. 

Not  long  ago  almost  the  entire  dairy  output  of  Iowa  was  made  into 
butter  and  cheese.  The  dairy  industry  in  this  state  has  been  growing 
rapidly  and  with  its  growth  has  come  an  equal  increase  in  the  manu- 
facture of  ice-cream.  Today  the  ice-cream  industry  in  the  United  States 
is  worth  considerably  more  than  $100,000,000  annually.  The  profits 
to  be  derived  in  using  cream  for  ice-cream  when  com.pared  with  butter 
making  are  almost  double,  thus  it  is  an  incentive  for  the  small  creamiery 
man  to  use  a  part  of  his  cream  supply  for  ice-cream  purposes. 

During  the  past  year  the  increase  in  the  number  of  factories  in 
this  state  has  been  great  and  the  ice-cream  expert  in  this  department 
has  been  busy  regulating  the  output  and  giving  assistance  to  all  fac- 
tories that  have  so  desired.  The  coming  year  the  department  expects 
to  enforce  the  law  regarding  the  standard  of  fat  in  ice-cream  and  will 
continue  to  lend  all  assistance  possible  to  the  ice-cream  makers  through- 
out the  state. 

A  simple  method  for  standardizing  and  one  that  can  be  applied  by 
any  maker  is  the  "Square  Method."  It  can  be  applied  to  any  problem 
which  may  come  up.  For  example,  the  cream  you  wish  to  standardize 
tests  39  per  cent  and  the  milk  on  hand  3.7  per  cent,  how  much  cream 
and  how  much  milk  will  it  be  necessary  to  mix  in  order  to  get  20  per 

cent  cream? 

39  16.3 

20 
3.7  19. 


542  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

In  the  center  of  the  square  place  the  per  cent  to  which  it  is  desired 
to  standardize,  at  the  upper  left  hand  corner  place  the  figure  repre- 
senting the  richness  of  the  cream  used,  and  at  the  lower  left  hand 
corner  place  the  per  cent  of  fat  in  the  milk.  In  order  to  get  the 
amount  of  each  to  use  in  standardizing,  all  that  is  necessary  to  do  in 
order  to  get  the  proportions  is  to  simply  subtract  the  20  from  the  39, 
giving  19,  or  the  parts  of  milk  necessary  to  use,  and  from  20  subtract  3.7 
leaving  16.3,  the  number  of  parts  of  cream  to  use  with  19  parts  of 
milk.  From  this  we  see  that  in  order  to  produce  2  0  per  cent  cream 
from  3  9  psr  cent  cream  and  3.7  per  cent  milk,  it  is  necessary  to  use  for 
every  16.3  pounds  of  cream,  19  pounds  of  milk,  giving  a  total  of  35.3 
pounds  of  2  0  per  cent  cream. 

From  this  proportioning,  it  is  possible  to  work  any  problem  in 
standardization.  If  you  wished  4  00  pounds  of  20  per  cent  cream  and 
had  39  per  cent  cream,  and  3.7  per  cent  milk  to  make  it  from,  it  is 
necessary  to  divide  400  by  35.3  which  will  give  a  factor  with  which 
to  multiply  the  number  of  pounds  of  cream  and  milk  required  to  make 
35.3  pounds  of  20  per  cent  cream,  the  sum  of  which  will  give  400  or 
400  pounds  of  2  0  per  cent  cream. 

Another  example  using  the  same  figures:  Suppose  you  had  59.5 
pounds  of  39  per  cent  cream  and  wished  to  know  how  much  3.7  per 
cent  milk  would  be  required  to  reduce  it  to  20  per  cent.  This  can  be 
determined  by  dividing  59.5  by  16.3,  the  amount  of  cream  used  for 
every  19  pounds  of  milk  giving  a  factor  which  multiplied  by  the  19 
will  give  the  number  of  pounds  of  milk  to  use. 

Some  will  ask.  "How  is  this  method  used  in  standardizing  cream  with 
skimmed  milk?"  The  method  is  just  the  same,  the  skimmed  milk 
being  figured  at  zero  per  cent. 

39  20=20 — 0 

20 
0  19-39 — 20 

The  proportions  are  the  same  as  before  for  every  20  parts  cream 
19  parts  skimmed  milk  are  required  to  reduce  it  to  2  0  per  cent. 

It  sometimes  may  occur  that  creamerymen  may  want  to  know  how 
much  ^Idmmed  milk  it  will  be  necessary  to  remove  from  an  amount  of 
whole  milk  in  order  to  get  20  per  cent  cream.  The  square  method 
still  holds  good  except  the  proportions  are  a  little  different.  Given  3.7 
per  cent  milk  to  reduce  to  2  0  per  cent  cream. 

3.7  20 

20 
0  16.3 

16.3    pounds  of  skimmed  milk  must  be  removed  from  each   20  pounds 
of  3.7  per  cent  milk  in  order  to  get  20  per  cent  cream. 

Along  this  same  line,  a  large  number  of  the  makers  called  upon  have 
asked  the  question,  "What  must  the  cream  used  in  ice-cream  test  so 
that  when  it  is  made  up  the  ice-cream  will  con:e  up  to  the  required 
standard?"  The  sugar,  flavoring  material,  and  filler  added  to  the 
cream  adds  weight  to  the  mix— consequently,  a  reduction  of  the  per- 
centage of  butter  fat.  Just  how  much  the  cream  will  be  reduced 
depends  upon  the  amount  of  ingredients  added. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  X  543 

A  rule  that  can  be  followed  to  determine  the  percentage  of  cream 
which  must  be  used  in  order  to  conform  to  the  standard,  is  as  follows: 
Multiply  the  weight  of  the  mix  bj^  the  percentage  of  butter  fat  desired 
in  the  ice-cream  and  divide  this  by  the  number  of  pounds  of  cream 
used  in  the  mix.  To  illustrate — suppose  the  mix  consisted  of  44 
pounds  of  cream,  8  pounds  of  sugar,  4  ounces  of  filler,  and  four  ounces 
of  flavor,  making  a  total  weight  of  52.5  pounds  for  the  mix.  In  order 
to  be  on  the  safe  side,  at  least  a  12.5  per  cent  ice-cream  should  be 
made. 

52. 5x. 125  =  6. 56=pounds  of  butter  fat  which  must  be  contained  in  the 
mix,  or  pounds  of  fat  in  the  original  cream.  By  dividing  6.56  by  44 
we  get  .149  or  14.9  per  cent,  the  test  of  the  cream  which  must  be 
ased  in  the  mix  to  give  a  12.5  per  cent  ice-cream. 

A  large  number  of  the  makers  visited  bought  their  cream  by  the 
gallon  and  were  paying  prices  equivalent  to  41  to  5  5  cents  per  pound 
butter  fat.  This  cream  was  bought  on  the  supposition  that  it  tested 
18  to  24  per  cent.  In  a  great  many  instances  the  test  fell  considerably 
below  these  marks.  From  these  observations,  it  seems  that  buying 
cream  by  the  gallon  unnecessarily  increases  the  cost  of  manufacture 
since  sweet  cream  could  be  had  very  generally  over  the  state  at  prices 
ranging  from  two  to  ten  cents  above  market  quotation  for  butter  to 
4  0  cents  per  pound  butter  fat.  Where  butter  fat  was  bought,  4  0  cents 
was  the  highest  price  paid. 

Several  makers  in  making  up  their  ice-cream  used  these  supposed 
tests  as  a  basis  in  standardizing  their  cream  and  were  surprised  that 
their  ice-cream  did  not  test  as  much  as  they  had  thought.  From  this, 
we-  are  led  to  believe  that  ice-cream  makers  who  have  been  buying 
cream  by  the  gallon  would  do  well  to  pay  by  the  test. 

By  standardizing  the  cream  for  ice-cream  making  the  guess  work 
can  be  eliminated  and  by  paying  for  cream  by  the  test  the  cost  of 
manufacture    should    be    reduced. 

COW  TESTING. 

The  yearly  test  of  the  dairy  cow  has  increased  in  popularity  during 
the  past  year,  and  we  are  beginning  to  realize  that  it  is  through  the 
individual  that  we  must  build  the  foundation  for  more  and  better 
dairy  animals.  It  is  pleasing  to  report  that  during  the  past  month  a 
number  of  cows  in  different  parts  of  the  state  have  finished  records  of 
600  to  650  pounds  of  butter  fat  for  the  year.  W.  W.  Marsh  of  Water- 
loo, Iowa,  has  again  continued  his  offering  of  $1,000.00  for  yearly  tests 
to  be  conducted  by  the  Iowa  State  College  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Iowa  Cow  Culture  Club.  This  year  there  are  75  cows  entered  in  the 
test. 

BOOST  FOR  BETTER  QUALITY. 

Each  year  we  become  more  impressed  with  the  fact  that  health 
is  largely  governed  by  the  quality  of  the  food  we  eat.  Both  milk  and 
cream  are  consumed  in  a  raw  state  and  no  articles  of  our  diet  are  such 
harbingers  of  disease  producing  bacteria  if  exposed  to  them  at  a  low 


544  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

temperature.  It  is  very  important  that  the  producer  reduce  the  tem- 
perature of  the  milk  as  soon  as  it  is  drawn  or  after  separation,  to  a 
temperature  of  50  degrees  or  lower,  and -keep  it  in  a  sanitary  place. 
When  it  is  passed  on  to  the  wholesaler  or  retailer  it  must  be  kept  under 
the  same  conditions  and  the  consumer  must  not  disregard  these  same 
precautions  up  to  the  time  the  milk  or  cream  is  placed  on  the  table. 

It  is  a  very  deplorable  fact  that  large  quantities  of  the  cream  pro- 
duced in  this  state  have  become  greatly  deteriorated  in  quality  and  in 
some  cases  almost  decomposed,  before  it  reaches  the  creamery.  Such 
cream  cannot  be  made  into  first  grade  butter  and  sooner  or  later  the 
producer  has  to  suffer  for  his  negligence  in  the  care  of  his  cream.  In 
view  of  this  fact,  the  Dairy  and  Food  Department  have  issued  50,000 
copies  of  a  bulletin  called,  "Care  of  Cream  on  the  Farm"  and  also 
15,000  copies  of  another  bulletin  called  "Care  of  Milk  and  Cream  in 
the  Home,"  either  of  which  may  be  obtained  upon  request. 

"The  Dairy  and  Food  Commission  of  the  state  of  Iowa  will  use  every 
means  to  bring  about  the  grading  of  cream  and  paying  therefor  accord- 
ing to  quality  or  grade.  The  best  interests  of  dairying  in  this  state 
demand  that  this  system  be  adopted,  and  the  following  grades  are 
hereby  established: 

"Special  Grade  Cream  is  hand  separator  cream  showing  not  more  than 
.15  per  cent  acidity,  free  from  bad  odors,  not  over  two  days  old  in 
warm  weather  and  not  more  than  three  days  old  in  cold  weather  and 
testing  2  5  per  cent  or  above. 

"First  G-racle  Cream  is  hand  separator  cream  reasonably  sweet,  free 
from  bad  odors,  not  over  three  days  old  in  warm  weather  and  not  over 
four  days  old  in  cold  weather,  and  testing  25  per  cent  or  above. 

"Second  Grade  Cream  is  cream  not  reasonably  sweet,  over  three  days 
old  in  warm  weather  and  over  four  days  old  in  cold  weather,  is  not  of 
good  flavor,  hand  skimmed  and  water  separated,  and  testing  less  than 
2  5  per  cent  butter  fat." 

WHY  TESTS  VARY. 

Many  things,  both  separately  and  collectively,  tend  to  cause  varia- 
tions in  milk  and  cream  testing.  Those  who  are  not  familiar  with  the 
Babcock  test  look  upon  it  with  a  certain  degree  of  awe,  see  in  it  some 
mysterious  contrivance  to  baffle  the  producer,  while  in  reality  it  is  a 
much  simpler  machine  and  more  easily  understood  and  operated  than 
half  the  machines  used  on  the  modern  farms  today.  Any  person  of 
ordinary  intelligence  can  learn  to  operate  the  Babcock  test  in  a  com- 
paratively short  time.  It  is  more  a  test  of  care  and  accuracy  than  it 
is  any  great  understanding  of  chemical  action.  It  is  quite  easy  for  a 
dishonest  man  to  manipulate  the  test  in  different  ways,  and  so  much 
of  this  has  been  done  in  recent  years  that  different  states  have  passed 
very  drastic  laws  to  punish  the  offender  as  well  as  protect  the  farmer 
and  the  honest  operator.  Today  the  chances  for  dishonesty  have  been 
reduced  to  the  minimum  by  the  passage  of  the  aforementioned  laws 
and  by  the  installation  of  many  testers  on  the  dairy  farms. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  X  545 

The  variations  to  be  found  in  testing  milk  are  due  to  several  causes. 
The  fat  content  of  milk  varies  much  more  than  any  other  solid  found 
in  it.  When  any  appreciable  difference  occurs  in  the  fat  content  of  the 
milk  of  one  or  more  cows,  usually  some  definite  reason  can  be  supplied, 
but  once  in  a  while  a  variation  will  occur  when  there  seems  to  be  no 
valid  explanation  for  it.  The  addition  of  a  fresh  cow's  milk  will  often 
increase  or  perhaps  reduce  the  average  fat  content  of  the  whole  herd. 
The  different  breeds  of  cows  govern  the  fat  content  largely,  there  being 
quite  a  decided  difference  between  the  Holsteins  and  Jerseys  in  that 
respect.  The  period  of  lactation  also  affects  the  fat  content.  For  the 
first  couple  of  months  after  calving,  the  fat  content  of  the  milk  is  a 
little  higher  than  the  following  two  months,  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
cow  is  apt  to  take  a  quantity  of  the  accumulated  fat  from  her  back 
and  place  it  in  the  milk.  In  about  two  months  the  cow  is  usually  in 
a  normal  condition  again  and  for  the  following  two  or  three  months 
the  fat  content  is  apt  to  decrease.  From  this  time  on  to  the  end  of 
the  lactation  period  the  amount  of  milk  will  usually  decrease  and  the 
fat  content  will  slightly  increase.  The  injection  of  a  cow  into  the  herd 
at  any  time  during  her  lactation  period  will  usually  cause  a  slight 
change  in  the  fat  content  of  the  milk  of  the  whole  herd.  These  are 
some  of  the  reasons  that  form  the  bone  of  contention  between  the 
producer  on  the  one  hand  and  the  city  milkman  and  the  creameryman 
on  the  other. 

In  cream  testing  we  have  about  the  same  variations  to  contend  with 
and  then  several  more.  It  is  next  to  impossible  to  run  a  separator  and 
keep  the  test  the  same  at  all  times.  The  milk  may  be  a  little  warmer 
one  day  than  another;  the  rate  of  inflow  may  be  a  little  greater  one 
day  than  another,  perhaps  the  machine  may  be  turned  a  little  faster 
or  a  little  slower  than  usual  or  perhaps  more  or  less  water  used  to  flush 
out  the  bowl;  all  have  their  effects  upon  the  per  cent  of  butter  fat. 

Generally  speaking,  the  cream  screw  should  be  turned  in  a  little  in  the 
spring  as  the  cows  are  usually  fresh  at  this  season  of  the  year  and  are 
eating  large  quantities  of  succulent  feeds  high  in  per  cent  of  water, 
which  has  a  tendency  to  reduce  the  fat  content  and  if  the  cream  screw 
is  left  the  same  as  for  winter  use,  the  percentage  of  butter  fat  will  fall 
off.  We  cannot  feed  fat  into  milk,  but  as  a  general  rule  the  healthy 
condition  of  the  fresh  cow  and  the  stimulus  she  receives  from  being 
put  on  green  grass  in  the  spring,  causes  her  to  give  a  larger  quantity 
of  milk,  somev/hat  less  in  percentage  of  fat  than  she  does  in  the  fall 
toward  the  end  of  the  lactation  period. 

It  is  far  better  to  send  a  fairly  heavy  cream  to  the  creamery,  that 
is,  a  cream  with  a  fat  content  of  from  30  to  40  per  cent.  If  a  much 
heavier  cream  is  separated  there  is  a  loss  incurred  in  handling  when 
pouring  from  one  vessel  to  another.  If  a  very  thin  cream  is  separated 
the  farmer  is  sending  a  quantity  of  skim  milk  to  the  creamery  that 
could  be  well  utilized  at  home  and  for  which  he  is  receiving  no  remun- 
eration. Also  if  this  thin  cream  becomes  very  sour  before  a  test  can 
be  made,  the  large  per  cent  of  the  milk  contained  therein  will  curdle 

85 


546  iOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

and  prohibit  the  possibility  of  obtaining  a  representative  sample  and 
an  accurate  test. 

CREAMERY   BUTTER. 

The  amount  of  creamery  butter  manufactured  within  the  state  as 
reported  by  the  494  creameries  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1912, 
shows  some  decrease  as  compared  with  the  year  previous.  According 
to  the  best  reports  obtainable,  the  creameries  of  Iowa  manufactured 
91,738,573  pounds  of  butter  which  is  a  decrease  of  4,957,011  pounds. 
The  decrease  in  the  butter  output  does  not  furnish  evidence  that  dairy- 
ing is  on  the  decline  in  this  state  but  merely  reveals  that  the  milk  and 
cream  produced  on  the  farms  is  being  marketed  through  other  chan- 
nels. The  creameries  of  Iowa  report  having  manufactured  more  than 
double  the  amount  of  ice-cream  that  was  manufactured  the  previous 
year,  the  total  amount  being  given  as  519,890  gallons.  We  are  unable 
to  secure  accurate  figures  showing  amount  of  butter  fat  annually  used 
for  ice-cream  purposes  but  a  conservative  estimate  places  this  amount 
at  2,52  0,000  pounds.  The  steady  growth  of  the  ice-cream  trade  has 
had  a  tendency  to  reduce  the  amount  of  butter  manufactured  and  this 
reduction  will  continue  to  exist  until  changing  industrial  conditions 
cause  the  farmers  to  again  resort  to  the  production  of  milk  and  cream 
as  the  best  means  of  converting  their  crors  into  a  commodity  that  will 
bring  them  the  most  money.  It  is  a  notable  fact  that  the  production  of 
butter  has  increased  during  those  years  when  the  price  of  farm  crops 
has  been  lowest  and  to  a  certain  extent  the  reverse  has  been  true  when 
crops  were  good  and  high  prices  ruled.  The  production  of  milk  and 
cream  necessarily  demands  close  application  and  painstaking  work  on 
the  part  of  the  farm^ers  and  a  period  of  prosperity  makes  it  possible 
for  many  farmers  to  realize  a  good  income  without  giving  their  atten- 
tion to  the  production  of  milk.  It  has  been  said  that  the  average  man 
is  as  lazy  as  he  dares  to  be  and  this  statement  comes  very  nearly  being 
illustrated  in  connection  with  the  production  of  butter  fat  by  the 
average  farmer.  On  many  farms,  dairying  has  been  conducted  as  a 
side  line  and  when  high  prices  rule  and  the  farmers  generally  are  very 
prosperous,  they  feel  in  many  cases  that  they  are  justified  in  discon- 
tinuing their  milking  operations  on  account  of  the  exacting  nature  of 
the  work.  When  a  period  of  financial  depression  affects  the  general 
prosperity  of  the  farmers,  we  believe  large  numbers  of  our  farmers  will 
again  look  to  dairying  as  the  most  profitable  branch  of  their  farming 
operations.  When  this  occurs  we  can  reasonably  expect  a  large  in- 
crease in  the  production  of  creamery  butter  and  the  improved  cattle 
and  better  methods  which  have  been  introduced  during  the  past  few 
years  will  make  the  production  of  butter  fat  more  profitable  than  it 
has  been  at  any  time  in  the  past  and  will  lend  encouragement  to  many 
to  adopt  the  production  of  butter  fat  as  their  special  branch  of  agri- 
culture. 

RENOVATED  BUTTER. 

Since  the  price  of  butter  has  been  extremely  high,  considerable  quan- 
tities of  process   butter,   otherwise   known   as   renovated   butter,    have 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  X  547 

been  sold  within  this  state.  We  believe  some  rigid  legislation  should 
be  enacted  regulating  the  sale  of  this  product.  Numerous  cases  have 
been  called  to  our  attention  where  persons  representing  themselves  to 
be  farmers  have  procured  this  butter  in  large  quantities  and  after  re- 
packing it  in  jars  or  other  containers  offered  the  same  as  country  but- 
ter and  many  persons  have  purchased  this  product  through  such  mis- 
representation who  could  not  be  induced  to  use  it  were  its  true  character 
known.  We  believe  this  product  should  be  sold  under  some  such  label- 
ing requirements  as  are  provided  for  the  sale  of  oleomargarine  and 
severe  penalties  should  be  attached  for  the  sale  of  renovated  butter 
as  country  butter  or  in  any  other  manner  than  that  prescribed  by  the 
statute. 

OLEOMARGARINE. 

We  have  been  unable  to  obtain  accurate  figures  showing  the  sales 
of  oleomargarine  in  the  state  of  Iowa  but  we  find  that  the  number  of 
dealers  in  this  product  has  increased  from  1,623  in  1910  to  2,182  for 
the  year  ending  June  SO,  1912.  It  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the 
consumption  of  oleomargarine  has  increased  at  practically  the  same 
late  as  have  the  sales  of  licenses  to  dealers.  This  department  made 
but  one  successful  prosecution  during  the  pfist  twelve  months  for  viola- 
tion of  the  oleomargarine  law  and  this  was  for  the  sale  of  a  product 
having  yellow  color  in  imitation  of  butter.  The  present  oleomargarine 
law  pppears  to  be  very  satisfactory  and  dealers  generally  show  a  dis- 
position to  comply  with  the  law. 

CHEESE. 

This  derartment  has  received  annual  reports  from  seven  cheese  fac- 
tories and  the  output  of  cheese  is  given  as  346,456  pounds  for  the 
entire  state.  This  shows  an  increase  of  12  2,032  pounds  over  last  year 
but  this  is  only  a  small  percentage  of  the  amount  consumed  in  this 
state.  While  the  production  of  cheese  in  Iowa  nay  never  prove  to  be 
of  great  importance,  we  think  the  state  should  supply  the  home  de- 
mand for  cheese  and  we  have  reason  to  hope  that  this  industry  will 
receive  enough  attention  from  persons  interested  in  the  manufacture  of 
cheese  to  enable  them  to  at  least  meet  the  requirements  of  our  own 
population. 

GENERAL    REVIEW    OF    THE    BUTTER    MARKET. 

The  market  quotations  for  the  best  grades  of  table  butter  have  shown 
a  higher  average  during  the  past  year  than  at  any  time  since  1882, 
the  average  for  the  twelve  months  ending  October  1,  1912,  being  31.21 
cents  per  pound  for  extra  creamery.  The  average  for  the  previous 
year  was  2  6.09  cents  but  the  comparison  is  hardly  on  an  aqual  basis 
as  the  latter  figure  is  based  on  the  second  grade  quoted  on  the  New 
York  market  while  the  first  figure  given  is  on  this  basis  until  May  13th 
when  the  specials  class  was  abolished  and  the  highest  quotation  was 
changed  to  extra  grade.  The  difference  between  these  two  grades  has 
been  on  the  average  about  one-half  cent  per  pound,  hence  the  average 


548 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


for  the  year  would  be  about  31  cents  per  pound  based  on  the  grade 
of  extras.  The  high  price  realized  for  the  best  grades  of  creamery- 
butter  is  not  surprising  when  we  take  into  account  the  limited  supply 
of  fine  butter  and  the  price  quoted  for  the  best  grade  is  really  not 
high  by  comparison  with  quotations  of  former  years  when  we  consider 
the  percentage  of  increase  in  the  price  of  other  food  products  and  the 
like  increase  in  value  of  feeds  that  are  consumed  by  dairy  animals. 
Herewith  we  give  a  table  showing  the  average  price  of  butter  by  months 
covering  a  period  of  twelve  years. 

SHOWING  AVERAGE  MONTHLY   PRICE   OP  EXTRA   CREAMERY  BUTTER  IN  NEW 

YORK  MARKET. 


Month 

X3    - 

a  o 
<v  a 

111 

0)  a 

tl 

a., 

Hi 

c  be 

CD  a 

QOr-T 

oj  a 

I! 

■ill 

00  iH 

GO 

o  a 

m 

ODt-T 

P  o 
oo 

a>  a 

-■-eg 
S  ?^' 
Eh 

QO 

B  to 

aj  Co 

l! 

a>  a 

03  rH 

I! 

V  a 
E-i 

October    

November    

December    

January    

February    

March    

April  

May    

$.2190 
.2487 
.2540 
.2262 
.2250 
.2212 
.2039 
.1900 
.1925 
.1960 
.2050 
.2110 

$.2200 
.2412 
.2510 
.2425 
.2862 
.2810 
.2825 
.2275 
.2195 
.2131 
.1990 
.2170 

$.2362 
.2650 
.2920 
.2762 
.2600 
.2860 
.2725 
.2200 
.2160 
.2012 
.1940 
.2075 

$.2100 
.2317 
.2423 
.2270 
.2517 
.2452 
.2284 
.1012 
.1803 
.1767 
.1793 
.1947 

$.2095 
.2481 
.2688 
.2910 
.3218 
.2807 
.3008 
.23n 
.2049 
.2056 
.2111 
.2068 

$.2184 
.2350 
.2480 
.2650 
.2709 
.2700 
.2188 
.2017 
.2022 
.:062 
.2257 
.2462 

$.2611 
.2762 
.3164 
.3080 
.3254 
.8061 
.5069 
.2501 
.2360 
.2481 
.2488 
.2781 

$.2915 
.2725 
.2887 
.3069 
.3233 
.2840 
.2855 
.2369 
.2329 
.2243 
.2285 
.2388 

$.2673 

.2957 
.3131 
.3152 
.3009 
.2953 
.2708 
.2658 
.2581 
.2623 
.2719 
.8013 

$.3064 

.3095 
.3490 
.3344 
.2964 
.3263 
.8113 
.2843 
.2792 
.2831 
.2938 
.2989 

$.2996$.S044 
.3117;   .3391 
.29C6    .3679 
.2639!   .3810 
.2611    .3114 
.2391    .3064 
.2111    .3235 
.2187    .3043 

June    

July    

.2499,   .273] 
.2510    .2713 

August    

September    

.2631    .2663 
.2655    .2976 

Av.    value  per   lb. 
per  year  

$.2165 

$.2400 

$.2438 

$.2140 

$.2489 

$.2340 

$.2759 

$.2762 

$.2848 

$.3060 

$.2609  $.3121 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  X 
TABLE  NO.   II. 


549 


TABLE  SHOWING  NUMBER  OF  POUNDS  OF  MILK  RECEIVED,  NUMBER  OF 
POUNDS  OF  OREAM  RECEIVED,  POUNDS  OF  BUTTER  MADE  AND  POUNDS 
SOLD  IN  IOWA  AND  OUTSIDE  THE  STATE  SO  FAR  AS  REPORTED  BY  THE 
CREAMERIES. 


Counties 

60 

a 

1 

S 

3 

1 

o| 

-C  (U 

a  o 

o 
tr.  > 

r 

if 

02  3 

o  B 

83 

O 

s 

O 

a 

3 

0) 

■a 
!2 

3 
O 
T3 

11 

3^ 

Adair    — 

3 
1 

8 

45,226 

1,652,461 

270.700 

7,047,519 

577,139 

97.567 

1,793,983 

25,338 

1,772 

34,823 

26,056 
11,342 
119,992 

525,745 

1            84,453 

1,639,168 

Adams 

Allamakee      _  _ 

Appanoose 

8 

8 
15 

3 
25 
10 

4 
14 

5 
6 

2 
6 
7 
2 
11 

2,792,783 

1,470,494 
4,647,374 
613,962 
554,965 
2,175,355 
2,271,820 
4,722,522 

1,588,783 
1,714,929 
1,272,443 

652,797 
4,050,923 

669,306 
5,183,217 

1,120,808 

606,673 
2,713,176 

250,771 
3,393,278 
1,463,321 

749,653 
1,518,800 

973,426 
620,627 
433,899 
219,603 

1,342,297 
166,260 

2,315,546 

58,550 

6,097 

168,828 
10,919 

334,508 

117,178 
12,725 

108,046 

19,563 
20,602 
2,284 
13,676 
26,804 
913 
165,344 

22,839 

106,347 
664,453 
93,785 
168,444 
189,676 
45,730 
69,794 

11,737 
69,886 
65,155 
117,674 
217,304 
65,973 
94,846 

1,039,419 

494,229 
1,879,895 

146,067 
2,890,326 
1,156,467 

691,198 
1,340,960 

942,126 
530,139 
366,460 
88,253 
1,098,189 
99,374 
2,055,356 

Benton 

12,000 

28,848,602 

565,144 

74,327,265 

18,648,067 

Black    Hawk 

Bremer 

Buchanan   __ 

Butler 

13,057,680 

238,200 
192,745 

Calhoun    

Carroll 

Cass 

Cedar       — 

Cerro  Gordo  _— 
Cherokee 

1,110,265 

Chickasaw    

Clarke  

21,575,814 

Clay    

9 
15 
5 
1 

2 
1 
1 

16 
1 
4 

18 

5 

21 
5 
7 
1 

1 
7 
4 

5 
8 
6 
1 

954,257 

12,912,023 

276,036 

2,308,856 

6,739,274 

1,897,624 

397,903 

1,227,264 
12,858 

1,039,308 

31,508,878 

28.600 

1,189,322 

9,520,633 

1,556,497 

5,675,440 

1,667,413 

3,658,533 

88,291 

281,295 
2,537,887 
2,080,416 

1,211,501 

4,421,539 

4,072,517 

543,104 

853,517 
2,586,853 
1,167,974 

150,268 

398,264 

4,286 

421,631 

2,990,056 

8,590 

406,120 

3,323,473 

565,565 

3,870,714 

768,142 

1,123,321 

39,776 

112,486 

832,844 
712,988 

445,152 
1,399,777 
1,356,573 

178,276 

56,130 
94,262 

20,468 

38,787 

87,738 

187,426 

7,268 

136,140 

65 

11,812 

229,073 

5,275 

20,257 

448,971 

24,872 

257,454 

190,832 

16,479 

3,455 

17,995 
14,518 
35,698 

15,519 
30,058 

66,587 
36,000 

758,600 

2,404,883 

960,080 

143,000 

113,878 

4,221 

409,819 

2,573,929 

3,000 

367,109 

2,795,7^1 

503,285 

3,344,937 

553,977 

1,050,110 

36,226 

91,802 
773,762 
639,073 

394,627 
1.324,482 
1,216,941 

142,826 

Clayton    

Clinton    

Crawford 

Dallas   - 

7,833,007 

148,246 

Davis 

Delaware  

Des  Moines 

Dickinson    

Dubuque   _. 

Emmet    

Fayette   

Floyd    

Franklin    

21,548,537 

27^640 
6,120,145 

654,894 

45,049,853 

8,771,890 

456,144 

187,054 

315 

18,754 

78,791 

37,408 

268,323 

23,333 

56,732 

95 

2,688 
44,564 
38,217 

35,006 
45,237 
72,045 

450 

Greene    . - 

61,398 

1,385,364 
52,478 

1,942,952 

Grundy    

Guthrie    

Hamilton   

Hancock 

Hardin    

856,942 

Henry  

Howard  

Humboldt    

Ida 

9 
6 

1 
8 

11 

2 

2,476,340 
161,292 

4,472,041 
3,025,682 

239,101 
2,022,017 

4,969,019 
449,367 

1,590,951 
981,448 

90,267 
659,764 

1,630,228 
167,968 

34.539 
31,376 

23,453 
14,292 

1.532,959 
935.780 

90,267 
571,481 

1,510,325 
128,073 

Iowa       - 

313,566 

1,186,475 
665,867 

50,276 

45,631 
13,646 

38,007 

74,272 
26,249 

Jackson    

Jasper    

550 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 
TABLE  NO.  II— Continued 


Counties 


t3  i) 

a  o 

O  *- 

0. 


B 


o  a> 

a  o 
o  ^- 


-^5 

O  03 

9  »* 


03   O 


o« 


C  0) 
3J3 


Jefferson 
Johnson  - 
Jones    -— 


Keokuk 
Kossuth 


Lee   _— 
Linn    _ 
Louisa 
Lucas 
Lyon  - 


Madison - 

Mahaska   -— 

Marion   

Marshall    _— 

Mills    

Mitchell    

Monona   

Monroe    

Montgomery 
Muscatine    _. 


O'Brien 
Osceola 


Page    

Palo  Alto 

Plymouth  

Pocahontas   .— 

Polk    

Pottawattamie 
Poweshiek    


Ringgold 


Sac    _. 
Scolt   - 
Shelby 
Sioux 
Story 


Tama 
Taylor 

Union 


Van  Bur  en 


Wapello   --. 

Warren   

Washington 

Wayne    

Weh.^tor   — . 
WiniR'hago  _ 
Winneshiek 
Woodbury 

Worth    

Wright    


Total 


2,C02,726 


2,065,999 


327,000 


109,000 


5,760,976 

810,000 
5,320,949 

2,320,089 

6,603, 

74,250 


1,777,536 

210,000 
1,877,732 

743,363 

2,105,959 

23,357 


2,123,804 


732,416 


126,87' 


1,081,100 


,920,830 
81,025 


6,430,79 
167,505 


1,102,400 
365,000 
94,720 


41,0&5 
25,000 


216,913 
,235,855 


900,000 


11,803,977 


1.76.800 
498,201 


ri4,19 


980,548 
321,644 

2,274,151 
199,6.50 

4,161,618 
136,108 
328,000 


293,510 
113,477 
684,950 

72, 
1,259,016 

65,394 
100,000 


1,300,000 

2,135,907 
1,481,129 

1,446,909 
4,182,959 
1,090,568 
£46,357 
10,909,817 
2.920,539 
1,237,867 


300,000 

756,317 
520,152 

482,, 

1,497, 
369,386 
347,317 

3,743,092 
f 88. 113 
385,276 


1,673.225 
1,328,716 
1.194,607 
4,673,738 
2,544,863 

1,133,149 
2,487,240 

531,483 


588,157 
332,031 
4  4  974 
,578,133 
832,763 

109,685 
829,080 

553,098 


1,862,121 


620,707 


2,031,142 
1,506,370 
3,589,062 
7,120,640 
25,148.526 
4,323,624 
6,339,299 


721,088 
523,981 
1,609,037 
2,042,644 
9,774.2.39 
1,316,615 
1.131.092 


269,076,975 


91,735,573 


250 


59,750 


84,384 

'iii'eoo 


61.292 


70,198 

60,000 
73,375 

175,000 

531,411 

8,000 


1,320 


13,609 


21,690 

479 

105,119 

61 

400 


18,057 
181,611 

25,657 

309,340 

416 

60,000 


27,384 
13,185 


120,504 
8,643 
15, 


,722 


75,000 

71,640 
17,650 

74,556 

72,152 

82,448 

8,185 

1,126.240 

100.001^ 

107,268 


18,851 

400 

17,152 

23,f61 


11,551 
13,210 


22,185 
24,Ori7 
2],f97 
3S,313 
94,353 


32,400 
106, ?44 


119,057 


5.354 
5, •7961 
116.140 
23, 217 j 
8.550| 
126,654 
21,494 


40,319 
101,210 
75,844 
48,125 
713,451 
24,286 
48,059 


3,643,171 


,051,558 


49,000 

"  1^622^  954 

150,000 
1,659,757 

568,363 

1,513,256 

14,757 


717,487 


293,510 
95,420 

481,649 
46,460 

844,557 
64,366 
39,600 


225,000 

657,293 
489,317 

407,747 
l,2f5.2-3 
278,245 
323,824 
2,616,852 
8-^8.113 
271,283 


547,121 
307,564 
386,125 
1,515,959 
642,323 

98,126 
783,470 

444,956 


501,050 


675,415 
417,475 
1,417,053 
1,971,302 
9,052,238 
1,165,675 
1,060,989 


79,043,844 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  X 


551 


TABLE  NO.  HL 

TABLE     SHOWING    NUMBER    OP    HAND    SEPARATORS,     NUMBER    OP     PATRONS 
AND  NUMBER  OP  COWS. 


Counties 

No.  of  creameries 
reporting  hand 
separators 

>> 

s 

03 
IV 

o 
1-3 

Hand  separators 
reported 

No.  of  creameries 
reporting  patrons 
and  cows 

a 

h 

No.  of  COWB  reported 

Adair 

, 

771 

203 

1,359 

3 

1 
8 

728 

214 

1,723 

6,074 
1,498 

Adams 

13,479 

Appanoose 

Audubon 

14 

10 

14 

5 
6 

2 

5 
6 
2 
9 

1,199 

809 

2,605 

314 

388 

996 

1,207 

1,653 

1,545 
943 
583 
457 

1,323 
410 

1,112 

8 

14 
4 

24 

10 
4 

13 

5 
6 
2 
5 
6 
2 
11 

1,204 

852 
4,384 
366 
912 
1,431 
1,212 
1,806 

1,545 
943 
583 
490 

1,474 
420 

1,974 

9,232 

Benton 

6,042 

Black  Hawk 

3 

32,917 

Boone      _      _ 

2,398 

18,002 

1 

8,922 

Buena  Vista 

8,499 

Butler 

1 
3 

12,036 

Calhoun 

11,040 

Carroll  _ 

5,604 

Cass       -  -         _      -— 

1 

3,761 

Cedar     

3,054 

Cerro   Gordo 

1 

9,808 

Cherokee 

2,940 

18,494 

Clarke 

Cay 

9 

'I 

1 

2 
1 
1 

13 
1 
4 

17 

5 

15 
5 
6 

1 

1 
6 
4 

4 
8 
6 
1 

1,013 

1,861 

930 

214 

570 
150 

562 

1,804 

50 

529 
3,503 

404 

1,774 

785 
848 
382 

214 
680 
798 

1,355 

1,209 

2,484 

270 

9           1,087 
15           2.430 

7,677 

Clayton    - 

1 
2 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

19,642 

Clinton    -  -    

5 
1 

2 
1 
1 

15 
1 
4 

18 

5 

21 
5 

7 

1 

1 
6 
4 

4 
8 
6 

1 

980 
214 

590 
200 
562 

3,002 

50 

533 

6,998 

447 

4,837 

1,007 

1,091 

100 

214 
710 
915 

700 
1,215 
2,518 

300 

7,110 

Crawford 

1,284 

Dallas    —     --    --      -           

3,600 

Davis         -  -         -            --    

1,200 

Decatur 

3,372 

Delaware  _ 

21,924 

300 

Dickinson       __      _ 

3,504 

DubuQue  _ 

3 

56,616 

Emmet ..    _.      _. 

3,745 

Payette  _-           _            - 

35,872 

Ployd     . 

6,750 

Pronklin   

Fremont 

1 

8,071 
425 

Greene 

1,498 

Grundy 

1 

5,636 

5,910 

Hamilton 

3,924 

10,176 

Hardin     _  .      --    .      

1 
1 

13,073 

Harrison 

2,500 

Henry 

Howard 

e 

1 

8 

11 

2 

1,480 
1,541 

100 
1,109 

1,749 
250 
250 

9 
6 

1 
8 

11 
2 

1 

1,563 
1,541 

100 

749 

1,885 
303 

275 

12,750 

Humboldt 

2 
1 

1 

ll,l6i 

Ida      

700 

Iowa -—      ---      -  - 

4,529 

Jackson 

17,390 

Jasper 

1,750 

1 

1                 1 

2,100 

1 

Jones    

8 

2 

1,533 

8 

1,585 

13,310 

552 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 
TABLE  WO.  Ill— Continued 


Counties 

o  aa 
6212 

>> 

a 

OJ 

<u 

(-1 

o 

> 

11 

S3 

h 

-a  5, 

in 

So 

No.  of  patrons 
reported 

1 

o 
o. 

0) 
(-1 

o 
o 

o 
6 
:2; 

Keokuk 

18 

1 
9 

1 

1 

150 
1,603 

825 

2,138 

54 

2 
18 

1 
9 
1 

250 
1,684 

S25 

2.708 

66 

1,750 

14,48i 

Lee -_    .- 

1 

1 

5,775 

Linn       

18,787 

462 

Lucas 

Lyon 

3 

1 

790 

3 

840 

5,920 

1 
1 
4 
1 

1 
1 

1 

326 

295 

738 

125 

1,022 

96 

88 

1 

1 
4 
1 
7 
1 
1 



326 
39t 
934 
125 
1,466 
96 
88 

2,282 

1,425 

Marshall 

1 

6,517 

Mills    -  - 

885 

Mitchell 

9,836 

Monona  --           -  - 

700 

Monroe    _.    _  _.    _ __    _ 



704 

Montgomery _ 

1 

5 
5 

1 
13 
4 
4 
3 
1 
7 

1 

450 

922 
595 

643 
1,108 

611 

508 

8,789 

SO 

672 

2 

5 
5 

1 

13 
4 
4 
3 
1 
7 

590 

936 
595 

643 
1,371 

625 

511 

9,389 

36 

683 

4,000 

O'Brien 

6,718 

Osceola    

4,780 

Page 

1 

4,501 

Palo  Alto 

11,183 

Plymouth    _1 

4,407 

Pocahontas    _.  -  .  

2,754 

Polk          

s 

2 

1 

65,723 

Pottawattamie 

252 

Poweshiek   

4,276 

Ringgold  

Sac      _  .    - 

5 
2 
6 
8 
8 

3 

1 

2 

864 

477 

750 

1,986 

1,023 

219 
200 

759 

5 
2 
6 
8 
8 

2 

1 

2 

918 

477 

751 

1,960 

1,043 

211 
200 

759 

5,376 

Scott  

2 

3,409 

Shelby   

4,312 

12,946 

Story    

7,768 

Tama   _ 

1,180 

Taylor 

1 
1 

1,400 

Union  

4,713 

Van   Buren 

Wapello    

1 

1 

689 

1 

689 

4,723 

Warren    

Washington .      .    . 

Wayne  _ 

3 
3 
7 

11 
4 
9 
5 

1 
1 

737 
658 
1,011 
2,030 
12,940 
1,061 
825 

3 
3 
7 
11 
4 
9 
5 

1,120 
681 

1,307 

2,324 
12,940 

1,066 
625 

7,604 

Webster    

4,748 

Winnebago    

12,234 

Winneshiek  .-    _.       

18,965 

Woodbury 

4 

90,370 

Worth    - 

8,376 

Wright _ 

1 

6,750 

Total 

461 

68 

97,041 

492 

113,215 

834,295 

THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  X 


553 


554 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


GUERNSEY  COW  AND  TWIN  CALVES 
at  the  Iowa  State  Fair.  1912 


PART  XI 

EXTRACTS   FROM 

STATE  VETERINARY  SURGEON'S 
REPORT  OF  1912 


EIGHTH  BIENNIAL  REPORT 


J.  I.  GIBSON,  State  Veterinary  Surgeon 

INTRODUCTION. 

The  object  of  this  department  has  been  to  aid  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  live  stock  industry  of  the  state  by  preventing,  as 
far  as  possible,  the  introduction  of  contagious  or  infectious  dis- 
eases, enforcing  measures  to  control,  suppress  and  eradicate  dis- 
eases that  are  already  prevalent  within  the  state  and  to  investi- 
gate the  cause  and  nature  of  any  disease  which  appears  to  be  a 
menace  to  the  live  stock  industry  or  pulilie  health. 

The  establishment  by  the  legislature  of  a  commission  of  ani- 
mal health  has  been  an  important  step  in  the  handling  and  pre- 
vention of  diseases  in  live  stock.  While  this  commission  may 
make  such  rules  and  regulations  as  they  may  deem  necessary 
for  the  proper  control  of  diseases  they  have  absolutely  no  power 
to  inflict  penalty  for  violation  of  rules  nor  dispose  of  an  animal 
known  to  be  affected  with  an  infectious  or  contagious  disease. 
The  lack  of  proper  power  on  the  part  of  the  department  to  dis- 
pose of  such  diseased  animals  is  a  source  of  considerable  annoy- 
ance and  criticism.  While  the  statute  provides  for  the  appraisal 
of  diseased  animals  there  is  no  fund  set  aside  for  payment  of 
such  claims  nor  could  diseased  animals  be  appraised  and  dis- 
l)Osed  of  under  the  section  referred  to  except  by  gaining  the  eon- 
sent  of  the  owner  of  such  diseased  stock.  The  rules  drawn  up 
by  the  Animal  Health  Commission  have  been  a  means  of  barring 
diseased  animals  from  the  state  and  numbers  of  animals  shipped 


556  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

into  the  stat,e  were  found  to  be  diseased  when  the  necessary  tests 
provided  for  in  such  iiiles  w^ere  applied,  these  animals  being 
properly  disposed  of,  thereby  protecting  the  native  live  stock 
from  probable  infection.  As  will  be  noted  from  the  statistical 
report  contained  herein,  there  were  16,117  head  of  live  stock 
imported  into  this  state,  during  the  six  months  between  January 
1,  1912,  and  July  1,  1912,  all  of  which  passed  an  inspection  and 
it  will  be  readily  seen  that  the  vast  movement  of  stock  would  be 
a  source  of  great  infection  were  it  not  for  the  present  importation 
requirements. 

The  tuberculosis  situation  has  assumed  little,  if  any  headway, 
being  met  on  all  sides  by  opposition.  The  better  class  of  stock 
raisers  evading  a  general  test  and  eradication  of  the  disease  from 
their  premises,  being  in  a  position,  as  they  are,  to  dispose  of  a 
suspected  animal  to  some  innocent  purchaser  as  a  healthy  animal 
and  receive  the  price  an  aiiiiiial  in  first  class  condition  would  bring. 
The  poorer  class  of  people  who  have  but  a  limited  number  of 
animals  and  depend  more  or  less  on  their  cattle  for  a  livelihood 
oppose  the  test  for  fear  the  disease  would  be  found  in  their  herds 
and  would  prefer  to  handle  and  feed  sucli  stock  in  ignorance  oif 
their  possible  condition  rather  than  know  the  truth  and  abide 
by  the  consequences. 

The  present  method  of  selling  tuberculin  and  applying  tests 
is  far  from  beneficial  to  satisfactory  results  in  eliminating  tuber- 
cular cattle  from  herds  or  gaining  assurance  that  cattle  even 
when  accompanied  by  tuberculin  test  records  are  free  from 
tuberculosis. 

Tuberculin  is  a  very  accurate  and  reliable  diagnostic  agent  for 
the  detection  of  tuberculosis  but  may  be  procured  by  the  laity  and 
the  tests  applied  by  careless,  unscrupulous  and  incompetent 
parties.  Cattle  suspected  of  reacting  to  tests  of  this  nature  are 
disposed  of  as  the  o^vner  may  see  fit,  which  is  generally  to  some 
unsuspecting  party,  whereby  the  original  owner  shirks  the  loss 
and  the  animal  is  passed  on  to  other  premises  where  the  disease 
may  not  have  been  previously  in  existence,  and  sets  up  a  new 
area  of  infection. 

Hog  cholera  has  been  more  or  less  general  over  the  entire 
state  during  the  past  two  years  and  great  interest  has  been  taken 
in  the  matter.  Owing  possibly  to  the  fact  that  the  losses  are  more 
apparent  tban  from  some  of  the  more  obscure  diseases  such  as 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI      557 

tuberculosis  and  glanders  where  the  animals  can  be  dealt  in  and 
the  loss  and  damage  covered  up. 

This  department  has  not  given  the  disease  the  attention  it  de- 
mands for  the  reason  that  the  funds  of  the  department  are  very 
limited  and  emergencies  of  this  kind  cannot  be  met.  Nothing  fur- 
ther could  be  done  than  to  establish  quarantine  on  an  infected 
herd  from  which  little  benefit  could  be  derived  as  the  disease  is 
readily  spread  by  means  not  controlled  by  quarantine. 

The  serum  treatment  has  proven  very  beneficial  where  it  has 
been  applied  properly  and  great  saving  has  resulted.  Bad  results 
have  been  reported  but  in  most  cases  it  has  been  where  the  simul- 
taneous method  of  treatment  has  been  employed.  The  output  of 
serum  by  this  department  has  been  necessarily  very  limited  for 
the  reason  that  the  appropriation  made  for  this  purpose  by  the 
legislature  was  not  enough  to  employ  necessary  help  for  the  bi- 
ennial period  for  which  it  was  intended  to  cover  and  the  price  of 
the  serum  manufactured  under  this  provision  was  made  twenty 
cents  per  ounce,  which  is  about  one-half  the  cost  of  manufacture. 
The  proper  procedure  to  follow;  tending  to  the  eradication  of 
cholera  would  be  the  establishment  of  proper  laboratories  with 
sufficient  funds  to  carry  on  the  manufacture  of  serum  at  a  mod- 
erate price  or  provide  for  the  sale  of  such  serum  to  perpetuate 
its  manufacture,  this  together  with  provisions  for  competent  vet- 
erinarians to  control  the  disease  in  the  field  and  some  restriction 
on  the  various  proprietary  serums  would  yield  very  satisfactory 
results. 

The  second  outbreak  of  dourine  in  the  state  was  reported  to 
this  department  in  May,  1911.  This  outbreak  involved  a  number 
of  stallions  and  mares  in  Taylor  and  Ringgold  counties  and  bade 
fair  to  cause  considerable  trouble  as  the  department  has  no  means 
of  purchasing  and  destroying  diseased  animals.  The  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry  however  answered  our  call  for  aid  with  their 
usual  prompt  and  unqualified  support. 

EIGHTH  BIENNIAL  REPORT. 

During  this  biennial  period,  beginning  April  26,  1911,  and  end- 
ing June  30,  1912,  this  department  has  received  three  hundred 
and  thirty-nine  official  calls.  Of  these,  seventy-two  were  calls 
to  investisrate  glanders;  ninety-four  to  investigate  tubierculosis ; 
fifteen  to  investigate  scabies;  fourteen  to  investigate  rabies; 
three  to  investigate  cerebro-spinal  meningitis ;  nine  to  investigate 


558  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

hog  cholera,  and  eighty-two  to  investigate  doiirine,  besides  fifty 
miscellaneous  calls. 

GLANDERS. 

During  this  period,  in  answer  to  official  calls  to  investigate 
glanders,  the  Department  has  visited  thirty-six  counties  in  the 
state,  and  in  most  instances  the  disease  has  been  found  to  exist 
as  a  result  of  the  importation  of  horses  from  other  states.  In  one 
instance  a  carload  of  horses  was  shipped  and  all  but  two  of  the 
animals  in  the  shipment  were  found  to  be  affeicted  with  glanders. 
This  carload  was  sold  and  distributed  on  Iowa  farms  before  this 
Department  received  the  call  to  investigate,  and  the  infected 
horses  thus  distributed  were  accountable  for  the  loss  of  a  number 
of  native  horses.  This  is  a  sample  of  what  we  learned  was 
happening  in  various  parts  of  the  state  and  on  account  of  these 
results  the  Animal  Health  Commission  formulated  their  mling 
requiring  that  all  horses  shipped  into  the  state  from  states  west  of 
the  Mississippi  river  must  be  accompanied  by  health  certificate 
and  record  of  mallein  test.  Since  this  ruling  went  into  effect  on 
August  23,  1911,  the  testing  of  such  shipments  before  being 
released  at  point  of  destination  has  revealed  the  existence  of 
glanders  in  a  number  of  importations. 

The  rule  provides  that  any  shipment  of  horses  from  states 
west  of  the  Mississippi  river  not  accompanied  by  health  certificate 
and  record  of  mallein  test,  enters  the  state  in  quarantine  and 
shall  remain  in  quarantine  until  released  by  this  Department. 
The  strict  application  of  this  rule  will  prevent  the  recurrence  of 
such  outbreaks,  as  the  one  referred  to,  and  will  save  our  Iowa 
farm,ers  a  large  percentage  of  the  losses  heretofone  sustained  on 
account  of  outbreaks  of  glanders  resulting  from  the  importation 
of  diseased  horses.  During  this  period,  the  Department  encoun- 
tered quite  a  serious  outbreak  in  the  vicinity  of  Eldora,  Iowa, 
which  was  definitely  traced  to  one  western  horse  that  escaped 
from  a  shipment  reaching  Iowa  Falls  from  Wyoming  four  years 
ago. 

Most  of  the  outbreaks  of  glanders  located  during  this  period 
are  the  result  of  importations  from  South  Dakota,  and  these  im- 
portations in  most  instances  were  unbroken  horses. 

The  writer  is  of  the  opinion  a  ruling  should  be  made  proliibiting 
the  importation  of  unbroken  horses  for  the  reason  that  this  class 
of  horses  cannot  be  satisfactorily  examined  or  tested.     At  this 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART    XI  559 

writing  we  believe  the  horses  of  this  state  are  again  practically 
free  from  glanders,  and  as  the  state  is  now  safeguarded  by  the 
test  recinirement  in  Rnle  19  by  the  Animal  Health  Commission, 
we  hope  to  keep  our  horses  free  from  this  disease. 

CANADIAN  TRIP. 

Investigation  of  killing  of  nineteen  horses  shipped  from  Car- 
penter, Iowa,  to  Weybuni,  Saskatchewan,  Canada. 

On  March  lOtli,  I  received  the  following  night  lettergram: 

Weyburn,   Sask.,   March   9,   1912. 
State  Veterinai  ian : 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Purchased  fifty-seven  horses  from  farmers  in  northern  Iowa,  mallein 
test  applied  before  shipping  hy  Assistant  State  Veterinarian  McLeod,  bill 
of  health*signed  by  Dr.  Scott,  condemned  here  for  glanders  by  reacting 
malkin  test;  nineteen  shot,  others  will  be  retested  on  March  14th;  have 
proof  from  local  veterinarians  no  clinical  symptoms,  have  blood  and 
heads  of  horses  shot;  could  you  send  expert  here  by  Thursday  morning 
to  protect  horse  industry  in  your  state.  All  horses  from  three  to  seven 
years,  sound;  think  test  is  unfair;  who  is  best  man  to  whom  to  ship  heads 
for  analysis  so  report  could  be  used  in  evidence  if  necessary;  answer 
quick  at  my  expense. 

(Signed)  GEORGE    BEISCHEL. 

On  receipt  of  the  above  lettergram  I  immediately  wired  Dr.  A. 
D.  Melvin,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  Washington, 
D.  C,  as  follows : 

Received  the  following  today  from  Weyburn,  Sask.  (quoted  the  above 
lettergram);  could  you  sent  Moeller  to  investigate  and  witness  test 
Thursday?    Answer. 

While  waiting  for  an  answer  from  Dr.  Melvin,  I  wired  George 
Beischel,  Weyburn,  Sask.,  "Hope  to  witness  test  Thursday,  keep 
blood,  lungs,  liver  and  heads  of  all  horses  killed.  Will  also  ask 
Washington,  D.  C,  to  investigate." 

On  ]\Iarch  11th,  I  received  the  following  telegram  from  Dr. 
Melvin : 

Dr.  J.  I.  Gibson,   State  Veterinarian, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Moeller  unavailable,  instruct  Beischel  send  blood  nineteen  horses  here 
for  serum  tests,  heads  unnecessary;  should  additional  horses  react  Thurs- 
day return  them  to  United  States  in  quarantine,  collect  blood  each  ani- 
mal, ship  here  for  diagnosis. 

(Signed)  MELVIN. 


560  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

On  March  11th,  after  consulting  Gov.  B.  F.  Carroll,  I  started 
for  Weyburn,  Sask.,  taking  with  me  Dr.  C.  H.  Stange,  Dean  of  the 
Veterinary  Department  at  Ames.  On  arrival  a.t  Weyburn,  March 
]8th,  we  discovered  that  the  carcasses  of  the  nineteen  hoi^es  that 
had  been  condemned  by  the  veterinarian  in  the  employ  of  the 
Canadian  Government,  and  killed  by  the  mounted  police,  were 
still  in  a  good  state  of  preservation  covered  with  waste  at  the 
nuisance  ground  at  the  edge  of  town.  We  telephoned  the  veter- 
inarian in  charge  of  sanitary  work  in  the  Province  of  Regina 
asking  permission  to  hold  a  post  mortem,  which  favor  he  could 
not  grant  us  without  consulting  the  Veterinary  Director  General 
at  Ottawa.  After  some  delay  Dr.  Rutherford  granted  us  permis- 
sion to  make  the  post  mortem,  providing  certain  of  his  sanitary 
force  were  present  to  witness  same. 

At  the  end  of  the  second  day  all  was  ready  for  the  post-mortem, 
which  we  proceeded  to  make.  We  posted  six  of  the  animals 
finding  no  evidence  whatever  of  the  existence  of  glanders.  Cana- 
dian authorities  conceding  it  was  unnecessary  to  follow  the  post 
mortem  further,  it  was  abandoned  with  the  statement  on  our 
part  that  we  found  no  evidence  of  glanders,  and  nothing  in  the 
history  of  the  horses  to  warrant  their  destruction. 

The  original  Beischel  shipment  numbered  fifty-seven  head.  The 
remaining  thirty-eight  were  held  in  quarantine  for  retest;  this 
being  the  third  test  it  was  not  applied  until  thirty  days  after  the 
retest  that  was  made  by  the  Canadian  authorities.  On  this  second 
retest,  nineteen  that  had  shown  suspicious  records  in  the  previous 
test,  passed  an  ideal  test  and  were  released,  as  were  all  others  ex- 
cepting five.  These  were  finally  retested  and  released,  so  there 
were  no  more  animals  killed  after  our  visit  there. 

The  whole  history  of  the  shipment  of  horses,  beginning  with 
the  fact  that  they  were  purchased  on  farms  around  the  town  of 
Carpenter,  Mitchell  county,  Iowa,  and  before  being  shipped  were 
subjected  to  the  mallein  test  at  the  hands  of  Dr.  J.  H.  McLeod, 
Charles  City,  Iowa,  who  is  registered  with  the  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry,  and  given  authority  to  make  tests  on  shipmients  to 
Canada,  to  the  final  release  of  the  last  horse  from  quarantine, 
shows  that  the  killing  of  the  nineteen  horses  was  entirely  unwar- 
ranted, as  their  test  in  Iowa  by  Dr.  McLeod  showed  no  suspicion 
whatever  of  the  existence  of  glanders  in  any  animal  in  the  ship- 
ment, and  their  final  history  until  all  were  released,  also  showed 
no  animal  presenting  any  clinical  symptoms  of  glanders. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI      561 

It  is  the  belief  of  Dr.  Stange  and  the  writer  that  there  never 
was  any  infection  of  glanders  in  this  shipment  of  fine  young 
Iowa  horses. 

Mr.  Beischel  who  suffered  this  great  loss,  and  the  loss  from 
quarantine  of  his  horses  and  premises,  which  put  him  out  of  the 
horse  business  for  the  year,  has  filed  a  claim  for  loss  and  damage 
before  the  Canadian  Government  with,  we  believe,  good  prospects 
of  recovering.  Mr.  Bieschel  and  the  people  of  Saskatchewan  gen- 
erally felt  very  grateful  to  the  Governor  of  Iowa,  and  this  Depart- 
ment for  the  investigation  made,  and  shipments  from  this  state  to 
Canada  since  that  time  have  been  received  with  less  question,  and 
emigrants  from  this  state  have  received  better  treatment  and  have 
been  subjected  to  less  delay  at  the  port  of  entry  than  prior  to  our 
visit  there. 

DOURINE. 

On  May  15,  1911,  we  received  a  letter  from  Dr.  Wm.  Readhead 
of  Lenox,  Iowa,  stating  that  some  disease  apparently  contagious 
or  infectious  affecting  stallions  and  mares  existed  in  Platte  town- 
ship, Taylor  county,  and  that  the  township  trustees  desired  an  in- 
vestigation by  this  Department.  We  at  once  communicated  with 
Dr.  A.  H.  Quin,  Assistant  State  Veterinarian,  Creston,  Iowa,  re- 
questing him  to  proceed  to  Lenox  and  consult  with  Dr.  Readhead 
and  examine  the  stock  in  question. 

On  May  19th,  we  received  a  report  from  Dr.  Quin  to  the  effect 
that  he  believed  the  disease  in  question  to  be  dourine.  We  at  once 
communicated  with  Dr.  S.  H.  Bauman  of  Birmingham,  Iowa,  who 
had  charge  of  the  quarantine  work  in  a  previous  outbreak  of 
dourine  in  Van  Buren  county  requesting  him  to  go  at  once  to 
Creston,  and  in  company  with  Dr.  Quin  to  examine  the  animals  in 
question  with  a  view  to  confirming  the  diagnosis.  Dr.  Bauman 
did  so  and  after  careful  examination  of  several  animals  agreed 
with  the  diagnosis  of  Dr.  Quin,  and  on  May  24th  Drs.  Quin  and 
Bauman.  reported  in  person  at  this  office. 

We  then  took  steps  to  enlist  the  aid  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry  at  Washington,  D.  C.  They  responded  promptly  and 
have  continued  with  us  in  th,e  work  up  to  the  writing  of  this 
report. 

A  number  of  stallions  and  mares  have  been   destroyed.     The 
following  letter  from  Dr.  A.  D.  Melvin,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of 
36 


562  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Animal  Industry,  Washington,  D.  C,  under  date  of  September 
25th  gives  an  accurate  description  of  the  method  of  procedure  in 
connection  with  the  work: 

September  25,  1912. 
Dr.  J.  I.  Gibson,  State  Veterinarian, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Sir — The  bureau  was  first  advised  of  the  presence  of  this  outbreak  of 
dourine  in  Iowa  through  your  letter  of  May  24,  1911,  stating  that  the 
affection  had  been  diagnosed  by  Dr.  Quin  of  Creston,  Iowa,  and  his 
diagnosis  confirmed  by  Dr.  Bauman  of  Birmingham,  Iowa,  and  requesting 
assistance  in  eradicating  the  same. 

In  accordance  with  such  request  Dr.  Enos  L.  Day,  veterinary  inspector 
of  the  Bureau  at  Chicago,  was  directed  to  proceed  to  Creston  and  inves- 
tigate and  make  a  complete  report  of  conditions. 

Under  date  of  June  1st,  Dr.  Day  reported  that  as  a  result  of  the  exam- 
ination of  a  number  of  animals  at  Clearfield,  Sharpsburg,  Gravity  and 
Denison,  Iowa,  he  considered  the  symptoms  very  strongly  indicative  of 
dourine,  and  that  you  had  placed  all  suspicious  animals  under  State 
quarantine.  With  a  view  to  confirming  Dr.  Day's  diagnosis,  Dr.  E.  T. 
Davison,  veterinary  inspector,  Athenia,  N.  J.,  was  directed  on  June  3, 
1911,  to  proceed  to  Creston  for  a  conference  with  yourself  and  Drs.  Quin 
and  Bauman. 

Dr.  Davison's  preliminary  report  was  made  on  June  13th.  His  diagnosis 
of  dourine  was  confirmed  on  the  part  of  the  Bureau  at  a  conference  at 
which  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  and  the  Chief  of  the  Pathological  Division 
were  present,  and  it  was  then  decided  to  purchase  some  of  the  affected 
animals  and  ship  them  to  Washington   for   experimental  purposes. 

Dr.  A.  W.  Miller,  who  had  been  placed  in  charge  of  the  Bureau  work 
of  eradicating  the  disease,  was  accordingly  directed  to  purchase  four  of 
these  animals  and  forward  them  to  the  Bureau  Experiment  Station  at 
Bethesda,  Md. 

One  of  the  animals  died  enroute,  but  as  a  result  of  examinations  of 
the  others  which  arrived  at  the  above  station,  the  Bureau  pathologist 
was  successful  in  determining  the  presence  of  trypanosomes  in  serum 
obtained  from  one  of  the  mares,  thus  establishing  the  identity  of  the 
disease  beyond  question. 

In  the  meantime  Dr.  Miller  had  been  directed  to  arrange  with  the 
various  owners  for  the  slaughter  of  infected  animals,  paying  for  the  same 
upon  an  equitable  basis,  it  being  considered  essential  in  order  to  success- 
fully combat  and  stamp  out  such  a  disease  that  every  possible  source  of 
infection  be  absolutely  eliminated. 

In  accordance  with  such  plan  some  thirteen  stallions  and  mares  have 
been  destroyed  within  the  state  and  post-mortem  examinations  made, 
tending  in  all  cases  to  confirm  the  diagnosis.  The  bureau  records  Indi- 
cate that  some  one  hundred  exposed  animals  showing  no  evidence  of 
the  disease  are  at  present  being  held  under  State  quarantine  in  Iowa. 
It  is  probable  that  arrangements  will  be  made  in  the  near  future   to 


THIRTEENTH   ANNUAL   YEAR    BOOK— PART   XI  563 

detail  Dr.  Miller  to  act  in  co-operation  with  your  office  in  securing  blood 
serum  from  all  such  animals  for  the  purpose  of  subjecting  the  same  to 
the  complement  fixation  test. 

I   am   enclosing  herewith   a  tabulated   outline  indicating  the  apparent 
origin  and  spread  of  the  outbreak  in  Iowa. 

Very  respectfully, 
(Signed)  A.  D.  MELVIN, 

Chief  of  Bureau. 


564 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


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THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI      565 

TUBERCULOSIS. 

The  subject  of  tuberculosis  as  it  affects  the  cattle  and  swine 
industry  of  the  state  is  an  all  important  question  and  whilst  no 
attempt  has  been  made  at  an  organized  campaign  against  tuber- 
culosis, yet  this  department  has  tested  a  great  many  cattle  and 
we  are  pleased  to  say  that  the  percentage  of  tuberculosis  found 
in  bovine  herds  at  present  is  no  higher  than  a  decade  ago,  in  some 
instances  a  marked  improvement  has  been  made.  The  repeated 
testing  of  the  state  herds  together  with  the  remodeling  of  the 
barns  at  the  state  institutions  and  the  judicious  use  of  disin- 
fectants at  various  periods  has  not  only  reduced  the  percentage 
of  tuberculosis  to  the  merest  minimum  in  some  herds  but  has 
fully  demonstrated  in  others  that  herds  quite  seriously  affected 
with  tuberculosis  may  be  cleaned  and  kept  clean  as  regards 
this  disease. 

Apart  from  the  testing  of  state  herds  it  has  been  the  policy  of 
this  department,  upon  receiving  notice  from  an  inspector  in 
charge  at  any  abattoir  where  Iowa  hogs  and  cattle  have  been 
slaughtered,  to  go  to  the  premises  from  whence  the  cattle  or 
hogs  were  shipped  to  investigate  the  conditions  there.  When  we 
find  infection  in  a  bovine  herd  we  have  invariably  applied  the 
tuberculin  test.  In  this  way  we  are  trying  to  trace  the  disease 
to  its  source. 

Tuberculosis  whilst  not  apparently  on  the  increase  in  the  bovine 
herds  steems  to  be  increasing  rapidly  in  swine.  The  following  let- 
ter from  Dr.  A.  D.  Melvin,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  In- 
dustry, Washington,  D.  C,  gives  the  government  figures  con- 
cerning the  number  of  hogs  found  tubercular  on  slaughter  at 
the  abattoirs  within  the  state: 

Washington,  D.  C,  Nov.  27,  1912. 
Dr.  J.  I.  Gibson,  State  Veterinary  Surgeon, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
Sir— Replying  to  your  letter  of  the  11th  inst,  our  reports  show  that 
out  of  2,555,576  hogs  inspected  at  12  stations  in  Iowa  during  the  fiscal 
year  1912  the  number  of  cases  of  tuberculosis  found  was  167,677.     Some 
of  these  hogs  no  doubt  came  from  adjacent  states,  but  I  believe  that 
most  of  them  were  purchased  in  Iowa.    Undoubtedly  most  of  these  cases 
were  developed  in  the  hogs  through  infected  cattle  by  feeding  infected 
dairy  products,  following  infected  cattle  in  feed  lots,  and  feeding  dead 
and  infected  cattle  to  hogs.  Very  respectfully, 

(Signed)  A.  D.  MELVIN, 

Chief  of  Bureau. 


566  iOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Having  talked  with  a  great  many  breeders  and  shippers  of 
swine  they  have  invariably  expressed  their  opinion  that  more 
tlian  half  of  onr  marketal^le  hoos  wc^e  slnnglitered  at  abattoirs 
outside  of  the  state.  The  figures  contained  in  the  above  letter 
show  61/2%  of  the  hogs  slaughtered  affected  more  or  less  with 
tuberculosis.  This  61/2%  at  an  average  weight  of  250  lbs.  figured 
at  7e  per  lb.,  shows  that  we  marketed  in  Iowa  $2,984.8-1:7.50  worth 
of  pork  infected  with  tuberculosis.  It  is  safe  to  double  these 
figures  and  to  estimate  that  we  produced  and  sent  to  market  not 
less  than  $6,000,000  worth  of  pork  infected  with  tuberculosis.  It 
is  readily  explained  by  the  fact  that  most  hogs  receive  their  tuber- 
cular infection  from  following  after  the  cattle.  This  is  true  not 
only  of  the  ordinary  herd  of  breeding  cattle  but  it  is  also  true 
of  the  steers  in  the  feed  yard.  We  believe  the  time  is  not  far 
distant  when  everj^  breeder  and  feeder  will  realize  the  importance 
and  necessity  of  testing  not  only  his  breeding  cattle  but  his 
steers  in  the  feed  yard  as  Avell  before  allowing  any  hogs  to  run 
after  them. 

Without  prolonging  the  discussion  on  this  subject  further  we 
present  herewith  a  number  of  cuts  which  we  obtained  from  the 
Cattle  Commissioner  of  the  state  of  Vermont  and  which  were 
originally  prepared  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI 


567 


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9 

No.  1. — The  cow  sliown  in  the  above  picture  is  apparently  liealthy.  She  does 
not  cough,  her  appetite  is  good,  she  seems  strong  and  vigorous  and 
gives  an  unusually  large  quantity  of  milk.  At  the  time  her  picture 
was  taken  it  was  known  that  she  had  been  tuberculous  at  least  four 
years  and  that  she  had  been  passing  large  numbers  of  tuberculosis 
germs  from  her  body  at  least  three  years. 
Since  it  first  became  known  that  the  cow  is  diseased  she  has  given 
birth  to  four  calves. 


568 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


No.  2. — The  cow  shown  in  the  above  picture  is  apparently  healthy.  She  does 
not  cough,  her  appetite  is  good,  she  gives  a  large  quantity  of  milk 
and  is  in  excellent  general  condition  for  a  dairy  cow.  At  the  time 
her  picture  was  taken  it  was  known  that  she  had  been  affected 
with  tuberculosis  at  least  four  years  and  that  she  had  been  passing 
tuberculosis  germs  from  her  body  at  least  three  years. 
The  mixed  dung  of  this  cow  and  of  the  cow  shown  in  the  next  picture 
caused  tuberculosis  in  hogs  that  were  permitted  to  eat  it. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI 


569 


No.  3. — 'The  cow  shown  in  this  picture  is  apparently  healthy.  She  does  not 
cough,  her  appetite  is  good  and  her  general  condition  is  excellent 
for  a  milk  cow  that  has  recently  calved.  At  the  time  her  picture 
was  taken  it  was  known  that  she  had  been  affected  with  tuberculosis 
at  least  4^^  years  and  that  she  had  been  passing  tuberculosis  germs 
from  her  body  for  a  long  time.  The  calf  by  her  side  is  the  fourth 
she  has  produced  in  the  last  four  years.  Small  quantities  of  her  dung 
caused  tuberculosis  in  guinea  pigs  when  it  was  placed  under  their 
skin. 
The  mixed  dung  of  this  cow  and  of  the  one  shown  in  the  last  picture 
caused  tuberculosis  in  hogs  that  were  permitted  to  eat  it. 


570 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


.   'j^^^KKf^m^^^^Mi^^^                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^1 

4 

i,4--: 

mm 

No.  4. — The  cow  shown  in  this  Picture  is  in  excellent  condition  for  an  animal 
that  has  been  affected  with  tuberculosis  more  than  four  years.  Three 
Shears  before  her  picture  was  taken  tuberculosis  germs  were  found 
in  her  dung  and  hogs  that  were  permitted  to  eat  her  dung  became 
tuberculous. 
About  2%  years  before  her  picture  was  taken  it  was  found  that  the 
milk  of  the  cow  contained  tuberculosis  germs.  There  was  nothing 
visible  about  her  udder  to  show  that  it  was  diseased  and  it  was  only 
after  two  months  of  the  most  careful  tests  of  her  milk  that  an 
expert  could  tell  from  which  of  the  four  quarters  the  disease  germs 
were  being  passed. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI 


571 


No.  5. — A  lonji  slanaiiiK  iulvaiic.^d  case  of  tuljerculusi.s,  vviLh  laryo  tuberculous 
swellings  in  the  udder.  A  year  before  the  above  picture  was  taken 
the  cow  was  discovered  to  have  udder  tuberculosis.  This  discovery 
was  made  by  injecting  some  of  her  milk  into  guinea  pigs ;  there  was 
nothing  in  the  appearance  of  external  condition  of  the  udder  at  first 
to  show  that  it  was  diseased. 
How  very  dangerous  cows  like  the  one  in  the  picture  are  may  be 
judged  from  the  fact  that  calves  that  are  permitted  to  drink  milk 
from  tuberculous  udders  only  a  single  time  are  almost  certain  to 
have  tuberculosis.  A  small  amount  of  milk  from  cows  like  those  In 
the  above  picture  No.  4,  mixed  with  the  milk  of  other  cows,  will 
make  the  whole  of  it  dangerous  for  both  persons  and  lower  animals. 


572 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


No.  6. — The  cow  in  the  picture  is  an  advanced  case  of  tuberculosis.  She  is 
very  weak  and  thin,  but  a  heavy  milker  and  in  her  weak  condition 
continues  to  give  an  abundant  quantity  of  milk. 
Cows  of  this  kind  are  unfortunately  too  numerous  in  dairy  herds. 
The  temptation  to  keep  such  cows  and  to  use  their  milk  is  greater 
than  some  persons  can  resist.  Such  cows  are  a  great  danger  to 
other  animals  that  may  come  in  contact  with  them  and  the  use  of 
their  milk  in  a  raw  state  is  very  apt  to  cause  tuberculosis  alike  in 
young  persons  and   lower   animals. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI 


573 


No.  7. — The  picture  of  the  bull  was  taken  nearly  four  years  after  he  was 
known  to  be  tuberculous  and  three  years  after  it  was  known  that 
he  was  passing  tuberculosis  germs  from  his  body. 
Directly  after  his  picture  was  taken  he  was  killed,  and  in  addition 
to  numerous  nodules  of  tuberculosis  in  his  lungs  it  was  found,  when 
his  body  was  opened,  that  nearly  all  the  lymph  glands  connected  with 
his  bowels  and  liver  were  diseased.  At  the  time  of  his  death  the 
bull  weighed  1,850  lbs.,  and  his  apparent  condition  Is  excellent  for 
an  animal  that  was  fed  only  rough  forage  and  no  grain  In  any  form. 
The  presence  of  tuberculosis  In  his  body  would  never  have  been 
suspected  before  his  death  without  the  help  of  the  tuberculin  test 


5.74 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


A  common  source  of  tuberculosis  among  hogs. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI 

RESULTS    OF    TESTS    ON    STATE    HERDS. 


575 


Number 
tested 

Number 
reacted 

Number 
suspicious 

Number 
healthy 

Fldora     October  1] ,    1911                     -          

46 
18 
80 
21 
25 
28 

107 
91 

104 
57 
49 
75 

4 

0 
3 
4 

0 
0 
0 
1 
2 
0 
8 
3 

I 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
3 

42 

Council  Bluffs,   October  3,    lOll.  .    .. 

18 

Independence     October  11    1911 

77 

*Indepen(]enee    November  29     ISll 

14 

25 

Mitchellville,    October  19,    1911_.    

28 

Cherokee    October  IS,   1911 

107 

Glenwood,   October  25,   1911 

90 

Clarinda,   October  27,   1911 

102 

Oakdale,   retest,   November  16,    1911 . 

57 

Davenport     November  17     1911 

37 

Mount   Pleasant     November  15     1911           

69 

*No\v  cattle. 

HOG  CHOLERA. 

During  this  biennial  period  farmers  of  loAva  have  suffered  heavy 
losses  as  the  result  of  wide  spread  outbreaks  of  cholera.  Losses 
from  this  disease  we  expect  will  be  reduced  to  the  minimum  in  the 
near  future  when  the  state  becomes  thoroughly  organized  to  com- 
bat, control  and  eradicate  cholera.  This  we  believe  can  be  accom- 
plished by  the  direct  application  of  sanitary  regulations  and  quar- 
antine together  with  the  use  of  anti-hog  cholera  serum. 

The  following  article  written  by  Dr.  D.  E.  Baughman,  Assist- 
ant State  Veterinarian,  Ft.  Dodge,  Iowa,  will  prove  entertaining 
and  instructive  to  all  parties  interested  in  the  swine  industry  of 
Iowa. 


THE  METHOD  OF  USING  ANTI-HOG  CHOLERA  SERUM. 

In  order  to  properly  understand  the  method  of  using  this  serum,  it 
would  be  well  to  first  understand  the  method  of  making  it.  In  order 
to  make  potent  serum  that  has  the  power  to  protect  a  hog  against 
cholera,  it  is  necessary  to  have  cholera  pigs  to  draw  the  blood  from.  The 
younger  the  diseased  pig  that  the  blood  is  taken  from  and  the  more 
acute  the  strain,  the  more  virulent  the  blood  will  be,  and  the  more 
virulent  the  blood  is  that  is  used  for  hyper-immunizing,  the  more  potent 
the  serum  will  be. 

It  is  impossible  to  make  a  potent  and  reliable  serum  where  pigs  are 
used  to  furnish  virulent  blood,  with  unknown  form  and  virulency  of  dis- 
ease, as  is  done  with  some  of  the  serum  firms,  that  depend  entirely  upon 
the  supply  of  their  diseased  pigs  from  the  markets  or  large  packing 
plant,  although  this  method  has  its  advantage,  in  that  this  diseased 
blood  can  be  had  for  a  small  sum,  if  they  pay  for  them  at  all.  These 
plants  can  make  serum  and  sell  it  for  much  less  than  where  it  is 
made  by  the  original   method,  as  was  intended   by   its   inventors.     But 


576  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

in  order  to  make  serum  that  is  really  potent  and  that  will  protect  a 
hog  from  cholera,  it  is  necessary  that  the  strain  of  disease  be  bred  up 
to  the  highest  point  of  virulency. 

This  can  be  done  much  as  corn  is  bred  up.  In  breeding  corn  the 
farmer  picks  the  best  ears  he  can  find  for  planting,  he  looks  for  a 
large  ear.  With  the  right  color,  straight  rows,  deep  kernels,  well  filled 
at  the  end,  and  one  that  is  well  matured.  So  it  is  with  the  disease 
under  the  intentions  of  Dorset,  McBride  &  Niles  method.  First  you 
use  pigs  that  you  know  are  susceptible  for  you  should  know  their  source, 
then  you  use  blood  from  the  most  virulent  strain,  for  starting  the  dis- 
ease, for  instance  when  you  kill  six  or  eight  a  day,  you  use  the  blood 
for  starting  from  the  pig  that  has  the  disease  in  the  most  acute  form, 
one  that  comes  down  in  the  shortest  period  of  time,  and  the  one  that 
shows  the  best  lesions.  If  they  come  down  in  seven  or  eight  days  all  the 
better,  but  if  they  come  down  in  thirteen  or  fourteen  days  the  blood 
should  not  be  used  for  hyper-immunizing.  A  pig  from  four  to  six 
months  old  will  produce  blood  of  a  more  virulent  strain  than  one  that 
is  ten  or  twelve  months  old.  The  older  pigs  seem  to  acquire  more  or 
less  natural  immunity,  therefore  it  is  best  to  use  younger  pigs  for  this 
purpose. 

This  method  was  only  discovered  a  few  years  ago  by  Doctors  Dorset, 
McBride  and  Niles  of  the  Bureau.  At  first  it  was  looked  upon  with 
considerable  suspicion  even  by  the  veterinary  profession  and  a  very  few 
gave  it  much  thought  and  study.  Only  in  the  last  two  or  three  years 
have  the  veterinarians  realized  its  value  and  the  importance  of  this 
branch  of  the  veterinary  practice.  To  have  the  best  success  in  using 
serum  it  is  absolutely  necessary  that  a  man  take  the  temperature  of 
all  the  hogs  that  one  expects  to  vaccinate  even  when  you  do  not  sus- 
pect any  infection  in  the  herd. 

I  have  known  a  number  of  cases  where  the  veterinarian  was  called 
in  and  although  the  herd  was  not  believed  to  be  diseased,  yet  upon 
examination  they  have  been  found  to  have  very  high  temperature.  If 
these  hogs  had  been  vaccinated  by  the  simultaneous  method  under  these 
conditions  the  results  would  have  been  bad,  as  the  farmers  would  have 
claimed  that  the  infection  was  started'  by  the  vaccination.  Where  you 
take  the  temperature  in  these  herds  you  will  find  that  some  of  them  have 
temperatures  running  from  104  to  106  degrees  F.  There  is  no  doubt 
that  in  some  of  these  cases  where  the  simultaneous  method  was  used 
in  a  supposed  healthy  herd,  and  where  cholera  followed,  that  the  in- 
fection was  in  the  herd  at  the  time  of  vaccination.  The  precaution  of 
taking  the  temperatures  would  have  shown  the  herd  was  already  in- 
fected and  relieved  the  veterinarian  of  this  embarrassing  position  and 
also  maintained  the  reputation  of  the  serum. 

Where  a  herd  is  already  infected  temperatures  should  be  taken  as 
before  stated.  Each  hog  with  a  normal  temperature  should  be  marked 
with  one  mark,  with  a  scissor  across  the  back,  but  where  the  tempera- 
ture is  above  104  one  should  place  two  marks,  these  marks  made  with 
a  scissor  will  last  for  three  or  four  weeks,  which  will  enable  the  farmer 
to  keep  track  of  those  that  were  already  diseased. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI      577 

The  temperature  of  a  hog  varies  much  and  one  should  be  guided  by 
the  condition  under  which  the  temperatures  are  taken.  In  warm  weather 
the  temperature  may  run  up  to  105  and  yet  the  hog  be  in  normal  and 
healthy  condition,  and  also  if  they  are  subjected  to  considerable  exer- 
cise the  temperature  will  rise  to  what  would  seem  abnormally  high, 
therefore  the  temperatures  under  these  conditions  should  not  be  con- 
founded with  a  diseased  condition  that  you  find  in  cholera.  Whenever  it 
is  possible  the  hog  should  be  confined  in  close  quarters  and  the  tem- 
perature taken  standing.  Where  you  catch  each  pig  and  lay  them  down 
to  take  the  temperature  it  causes  considerable  excitement  which  with 
the  exercise  it  would  cause  while  catching  them,  would  without  a  doubt 
raise  the  temperature.  It  is  well  to  use  a  thermometer  with  a  good 
size  bulb  when  after  being  well  vaselined  it  would  be  easily  used  without 
causing  an  irritation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  rectum. 

One  of  the  most  important  things  to  find  out  in  vaccinating  a  dis- 
eased herd,  is  to  be  sure  that  the  existing  disease  really  is  cholera. 
That  can  usually  be  done  by  holding  post  mortem,  but  in  some  cases  one 
or  two  post  mortems  may  not  reveal  cholera  lesions.  In  this  case  you 
must  guard  yourself  in  giving  your  prognosis,  for  anti-hog  cholera 
serum  will  not  prevent  any  other  disease  than  cholera.  In  simultaneous 
vaccination  you  usually  get  m-ore  or  less  reaction,  pigs  thus  treated 
may  be  able  to  transmit  the  disease  to  susceptible  or  non-immune  hogs, 
and  in  this  way  it  may  spread  the  infection  or  start  new  centers  of  in- 
fection. So  it  is  a  question  as  to  whether  it  is  advisable  to  use  this 
method  or  not.  In  seasons  when  cholera  is  prevalent  and  especially 
if  the  disease  has  broken  out  in  your  immediate  neighborhood,  then 
the  question  of  starting  new  infectious  centers   is   not  so   important. 

Cleanliness  throughout  the  whole  operation  is  very  essential  in  ad- 
ministering serum  to  reduce  the  danger  of  septicema  and  abcess  forma- 
tion. Your  syringe  should  be  taken  'apart,  your  needles  and  vessels  for 
using  serum  should  be  sterilized  by  being  boiled  in  water.  If  you  are 
using  a  syringe  with  a  rubber  plunger,  the  plunger  should  be  dis- 
infected with  a  five  per  cent  solution  of  phenol  or  some  disinfectant 
that  will  not  deteriorate  the  rubber.  The  operator's  hands  should  be 
well  cleaned  and  kept  clean  throughout  the  entire  operation.  He  should 
not  attempt  to  catch  any  pigs  or  touch  anything  with  his  hands  ex- 
cept the  syringe.  There  should  be  plenty  of  assistants  to  do  this  part 
of  the  work.  The  operator  should  have  plenty  of  clean  warm  water 
at  hand.  He  should  have  two  men  to  catch  the  hogs,  one  man  to  wash 
and  disinfect  the  skin  at  the  point  of  injection,  and  he  should  have 
two  glass  vessels  with  metallic  covers  to  prevent  the  wind  from  blow- 
ing dust  and  dirt  into  them.  The  syringe  best  adapted  for  vaccina- 
tion is  a  twenty  or  thirty  c.  c.  with  a  glass  barrel,  and  it  should  be  tested 
with  warm  water  before  being  used  to  see  that  it  is  in  good  working 
order,  twenty  c.  c.  of  serum  is  about  all  that  should  be  injected  into 
one  place,  and  I  think  it  might  be  better  to  only  inject  ten  c.  c.  in  one 
place,  by  partly  withdrawing  the  needle  and  inserting  in  another  di- 
rection.   This  way  you  would  not  need  to  make  but  one  puncture  lessen- 

37 


578  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OV"  AGRICULTURE 

ing  the  danger  of  infection.  I  would  advise  either  one  of  two  loca- 
tions to  inject  the  serum,  one  is  the  auxiliary  space  between  the  front 
legs,  and  the  other  on  the  inside  of  the  thighs  between  the  hind  legs. 
I  do  not  think  it  is  necessary  to  inject  deep  into  the  muscles.  Absorp- 
tion takes  place  just  as  readily  where  it  is  injected  under  the  skin  into 
the  subcutaneous  tissue,  and  in  this  way  you  will  not  have  so  much 
lameness  as  where  the  injections  are  made  deep  into  the  muscles,  by 
this  method  of  injecting  It  leaves  a  bad  spot  in  the  ham,  this  the 
packers  object  to  as  the  Government  inspectors  compel  them  to  cut  out 
these  blemished  spots  which  causes  quite  a  waste  to  the  expensive  part 
of  the  meat. 

It  has  been  the  custom  of  some  veterinarians  to  vaccinate  old  hogs 
back  of  the  ears  by  placing  a  rope  noose  or  loop  around  the  upper  jaw, 
back  of  their  tusks,  then  fastening  the  other  end  of  the  rope  to  some 
strong  object.  They  will  lay  their  entire  weight  back  against  the  rope, 
but  will  not  struggle  much.  This  is  also  a  very  easy  and  safe  way  of 
handling  pregnant  sows.  After  having  your  hogs  confined  in  this  man- 
ner, they  may  be  very  easily  vaccinated  behind  the  ear  in  the  loose 
skin.  This  location,  however,  should  be  more  thoroughly  washed  and 
cleansed  than  where  the  injection  is  made  under  the  belly,  for  at  this 
point  the  skin  seems  to  have  more  sebaceous  glands  than  any  other 
part  of  the  body.  The  depression  behind  the  ears  makes  it  harder  to  get 
at  and  I  find  that  you  will  have  more  abscesses  by  injection  at  this 
location  than  at  any  other  point.  I  therefore  only  recommend  this 
method  in  pregnant  sows.  I  think  where  abortion  follows  it  is  more 
the  cause  of  rough  handling  than  the  effects  of  the  serum. 

I  think  the  time  is  at  hand  when  every  veterinarian  should  lend  his 
aid  to  have  a  national  law  passed  requiring  every  serum  plant  to  be 
under  inspection,  compelling  each  plant  to  make  serum  under  the  gov- 
ernment instructions,  giving  the  inspectors  power  to  collect  serum  at 
any  time  from  stock  on  hand  that  is  ready  for  the  market.  This  should 
be  welcomed  by  every  legitimate  serum  concern  that  aims  to  sell  only 
potent  serum. 

Misuse  of  serum  as  has  been  practiced  by  some  veterinarians  (if  not 
corrected)  will  cause  a  reaction  among  the  hog  raisers  that  will  dis- 
credit the  serum  whenever  it  is  used.  For  instance,  one  man  would 
vaccinate  the  sick  one,  as  well  as  the  well  ones,  and  guarantee  them 
all  to  live  for  one  year;  others  would  vaccinate  those  that  they  knew 
were  sick  for  no  other  reason  than  to  consume  as  much  serum  as  possible, 
being  paid  by  the  cubic  centimeter  for  their  work.  These  veterinarians, 
I  am  so  glad  to  say,  are  only  a  small  minority,  yet  there  is  consider- 
able carelessness  among  veterinarians  in  general,  in  regard  to  vaccin- 
ating every  thing  saying  that  they  are  paying  for  the  serum,  and  it 
will  be  their  loss  if  they  die.  In  such  a  case  a  veterinarian  may  be 
excused  for  doing  it,  providing  he  is  vaccinating  in  a  neighborhood  where 
the  farmers  understand  its  use.  But  I  think  where  one  is  just  beginning 
to  vaccinate  in  a  new  and  skeptical  neighborhood,  he  had  better  not 
vaccinate  anything  that  shows  sickness  or  has  a  high  temperature,  for 
the  sick  ones  will  usually  die  and  they  will  count  this  against  the 
serum,  which  will  materially  cut  down  the  percent  of  hogs  saved,  and 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI      579 

the  percent  that  they  saved  will  be  used  as  a  basis  to  figure  the  profit 
they  have  obtained  by  vaccinating. 

Don't  vaccinate  hogs  that  are  sick  or  show  high  temperature. 

Don't  vaccinate  with  serum  alone,  then  put  sick  ones  with  those  vac- 
cinated, unless  you  can  confine  them  all  in  a  space  or  pen,  so  that  all 
will  receive  the  infection  at  nearly  the  same  time. 

Don't  pour  more  serum  in  your  vessel  than  you  will  use,  for  pour- 
ing remaining  remnants  back  into  the  bottle  is  liable  to  contaminate  the 
serum  and  endanger  its  use. 

Don't  pour  virulent  blood  away  if  you  have  any  left  after  the  simul- 
taneous method.     Any  remaining  blood  should  be  destroyed  by  fire. 

Don't  use  syringe,  needles,  or  glass  that  has  not  been  sterilized  or 
disinfected. 

Don't  vaccinate  infected  herds,  without  marking  those  that  show  high 
temperatures.  You  had  better  take  ait  least  some  temperatures  in  all 
herds. 

Don't  underestimate  the  weight  of  hogs  in  vaccinating.  You  are  not 
liable  to  give  too  much  serum,  but  you  may  give  too  small  a  dose. 

Don't  give  your  patrons  too  much  encouragement  when  you  are  vac- 
cinating infected  herds. 

Don't  use  the  simultaneous  method  in  an  already  infected  herd. 


INTERSTATE  SHIPMENTS  OF  LIVE  STOCK. 

The  Animal  Health  Commission  at  its  first  meBting  in  -Inly,  1011, 
formulated  rules  18  and  19  governing  the  importation  of  live 
stock  into  lovi^a.  Most  states  have  similar  importation  require- 
ments and  are  using  a  uniform  health  certificate  approved  by  the 
United  States  Association  of  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Boards.  This 
certificate  is  made  in  triplicate,  the  oripiiial  aeconip'anie??  the  ship- 
ment and  is  attached  to  the  way  bill,  the  duplicate  is  forwarded 
to  the  sanitary  authorities  of  the  state  to  which  the  shipment  Is 
billed,  the  copy  is  filed  in  the  office  of  the  sanitary  authority  of 
the  state  in  which  shipment  originates.  This  method  thoroughly 
carried  out  gives  this  office  a  record  of  all  export  and  import  ship- 
ments with  details  as  to  the  number  and  kind  of  animals  contained 
in  each  shipment. 

AYe  have  gathered  some  s'-ntistiis  on  this  subjei-t  that  will 
prove  interesting.  From  January  1,  1912,  to  July  1,  1912,  there 
was  reported  at  this  office  1,755  export  shipments.  Almost  all  of 
these  are  emigrants.  Considering  each  shipment  as  representing 
an  emigrant  family  of  5,  during  this  six  months'  period  mentioned 
we  have  sent  out  from  Iowa  8,775  people.    During  the  same  period 


580  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

we  have  record  of  1,044  import  shipments,  233  of  which  were  stock 
cattle,  leaviiii>'  811  imniigraiit  shipments  representing  a  family  of 
5  persons  we  received  into  the  state  4,055  people  as  against  8,775 
people  exported  which  leaves  a  balance  of  4,720  against  onr  popu- 
lation in  a  period  of  six  months.  Some  might  consider  these  sta- 
tistics as  evidence  against  the  state  of  Iowa,  but  we  feel  more 
like  congratulating  ourselves  as  lowans  upon  the  fact  that  condi- 
tions are  so  good  in  this  state  that  so  many  people  can  accumulate 
sufficient  money  and  live  stock  to  move  to  other  states  and  buy 
larger  tracts  of  cheaper  land. 

ANIMAL  HEALTH  COMMISSION. 

The  first  Animal  Health  Commission  was  appointed  by  Gov- 
ernor B.  F.  Carroll.  The  following  gentlemen  constituting  its 
membership :  Frank  Kinsley  of  ]McGr'egor,  Iowa,  representing 
the  dairy  interests;  C.  A.  Saunders,  Manilla,  Iowa,  representing 
the  beef  interests;  Dr.  G.  W.  Blanche,  Belle  Plaine,  Iowa,  and 
Dr.  Tom  Downing,  Washington,  Iowa,  being  the  two  veterinar- 
ians appointed.  Under  the  Animal  Health  Commission  act  the 
State  Veterinarian  is  made  chairman  and  executive  officer  of  the 
Commission. 

The  Commission  met  ni"st  in  July,  1911,  and  formulated  rules 
and  regulations  for  the  prevention  and  spread  of  diseases  among 
domestic  animals,  which  rules  have  been  amended  and  appear  in 
this  report. 

Rule  18  referring  to  the  importation  of  live  stock  into  the  state 
of  Iowa  is  serving  as  a  safeguard  against  the  importation  of 
horses  affected  with  glanders  and  cattle  affected  with  tuber- 
culosis, also  hogs  affected  with  cholera. 

Since  the  adoption  of  the  rules  many  instances  have  come  to 
light  where  under  the  application  of  the  rules  the  animals  in- 
tended for  shipment  into  Iowa  have  been  found  diseased  and 
therefore  the  shipments  prohibited.  The  application  of  Rule  19 
to  shipments  arriving  in  the  state  without  proper  health  .certifi- 
cate has  also  brought  to  light  diseased  animals  that  had  already 
been  shipped  into  the  state  and  were  destroyed  after  being  tested 
in  compliance  with  the  rule.  "We  believe  the  strict  application  of 
these  rules  will  save  the  farmers  of  the  state  a  large  percentage 
of  the  loss  heretofore  sustained  as  the  result  of  the  importation 
of  diseased  live  stock. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI      581 

Wo  produce  lierewith  a  copy  of  Chapter  115,  laws  of  the  Thirty- 
fourth  General  Assembly,  which  sets  forth  the  duties  and  powers 
of  Animal  Health  Coniinission  and  the  Vetei'inary  Examining 
Board  connected  therewith. 

iWe  believe  a  careful  study  of  this  law  and  the  rules  formulated  by 
the  Animal  Health  Commission  will  ser\^e  to  commend  this  legisla- 
tion to  all  who  are  interested  in  tlie  sut'CiOss  of  our  greaiti  live  stock 
industi-y  in  Iowa. 

Chapter  115. 

COMMISSION    OF   ANIMAL    HEALTH. 

H.   F.    329. 

AN  ACT  to  abolish  the  state  board  of  veterinary  medical  examiners,  to 
transfer  the  powers  and  duties  of  said  board  to  the  state  veterinary  sur- 
geon, and  to  establish  a  commission  of  animal  health.  (Additional  to  chapter 
fourteen-A  (14-A)  of  title  twelve  (XII)  of  the  supplement  to  the  code,  1907, 
relating  to  the  practice  of  veterinary  medicine,  surgery  and  dentistry.) 
Be  It  Enacted  ty  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Iowa : 

Section  1.  State  board  of  veterinary  medical  examiners  abolished — powers 
and  duties  transferred.  That  the  hoard  known  as  the  state  board  of  veterinary 
medical  examiners  is  hereby  abolished,  and  all  of  the  powers  and  duties  thereof 
are  hereby  transferred  to  and  enjoined  upon  the  state  veterinary  surgeon, 
except  as  hereinafter  provided.  All  of  the  books,  documents,  records,  stationery 
and  office  equipment  now  in  possession  of  the  board  or  of  any  officer  or  employe 
thereof  shall,  upon  the  taking  effect  of  this  act,  be  turned  over  to  the  state 
veterinary  surgeon. 

Sec.  2.  Commission  of  animal  health — how  constituted  and  appointed — 
terms.  There  is  hereby  created  a  commission  to  be  known  as  a  commission 
of  animal  health,  which  commission  shall  consist  of  the  state  veterinary  sur- 
geon, who  shall  be  the  chairman  and  executive  officer  thereof,  two  veter- 
inarians and  two  stock  raisers',  all  of  whom  shall  be  appointed  by  the  governor. 
The  veterinarians  shall  possess  the  same  qualifications  required  for  the  state 
veterinary  surgeon.  One  such  veterinarian  shall  be  appointed  to  serve  until 
•Tune  30,  1912,  and  one  until  June  30,  1913,  and  as  their  terms  expire  their 
successors  shall  be  appointed  for  three  years.  The  state  veterinary  surgeon 
shall  be  appointed  to  serve  until  June  30,  1914,  and  thereafter  his  term  shall 
be  three  years.  The  other  members  of  the  commission  shall  be  appointed  one 
to  serve  vmtil  June  30,  1912,  and  the  other  until  June  30,  1913,  and  as  their 
terms  expire  their  successors  shall  be  appointed  for  a  term  of  two  years. 

Sec.  3.  Meetings — rules  and  regulations  for  prevention  and  spread  of  disease 
among  animals.  The  commission  shall  hold  at  least  two  meetings  each  year, 
one  in  July  and  one  in  January,  at  the  office  of  the  state  veterinary  surgeon, 
and  may  meet  at  such  other  times  and  places,  in  the  state,  as  may  seem 
necessary.  It  shall  have  the  power  and  authority  to  make  such  rules  and  regu- 
lations as  it  shall  deem  necessary  for  the  prevention,  suppression,  or  against 
the  spread  of  any  contagious  or  infectious  disease  among  animals  in  or  being 
driven  or  transported  through  or  brought  into  the  state,  and  may  provide  for 
quarantining  against  animals  thus  diseased  or  that  have  been  exposed  to 
others  so  diseased,  whether  within  or  without  the  state.  When  such  rules  and 
regulations  have  been  submitted  to  and  approved  by  the  executive  council  they 
shall  be  published  and  enforced  by  the  veterinary  surgeon  and  in  the  per- 
formance of  his  duties  he  may  call  to  his  assistance  any  peace  officer. 

Sec.  4.  Examining  Board.  The  state  veterinary  surgeon  and  the  two  vet- 
erinarians upon  the  commission  shall  constitute  a  board  for  the  examination 
of  applicants  to  practice  veterinary  medicine,  surgery  and  dentistry  in  the  state. 


582  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


S(> 


ANIMALS   REJECTED    AT    SLAUGHTER   HOUSES. 


tha"^f^^,]g  16.  So-called  "piggy"  or  pregnant  sows,  boars  and  rejected  cattle 
sei>und  in  railway  and  packing  house  stock  yards  must  not  be  sold  nor  delivered 
^^o  farmers,  but  held  subject  to  such  quarantine  as  may  be  deemed  necessary 
6  to  prevent  the  communication  of  any  contagious,  infectious  or  communicable 
'  disease. 

Rule  17.     The   flesh  of  pregnant   animals   shall   neither  be   sold  nor  used  for 

human  food  after  the  seventh  month  of  pregnancy  for  cows  and  the  tenth  week 

for  sows. 

IMPORTATION  OF  LIVE  STOCK. 

Rule  18.  The  importation  of  live  stock  into  the  state  of  Iowa  is  hereby 
prohibited,  except  under  the  following  conditions. 

Section  1.  All  horses,  mules  and  asses,  over  twelve  months  of  age  imported 
into  the  state  of  Iowa  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  health,  including 
a  record  of  the  mallein  test,  certif^ang  that  the  animals  described  thereon  have 
been  inspected  and  mallein  tested  and  found  free  from  all  contagious  or  in- 
fectious diseases.  Such  test  and  inspection  to  be  made  not  more  than  thirty 
days  prior  to  date  of  importation. 

Sec.  2.  All  dairy  and  breeding  cattle  over  six  months  of  age  imported  into 
the  state  of  Iowa  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  health  including  a 
record  of  the  tuberculin  test,  certifying  that  the  animals  described  thereon  have 
been  inspected  and  tuberculin  tested  and  found  free  from  all  contagious  or 
infectious  diseases.  Such  test  and  inspection  to  be  made  not  more  than  thirty 
days  prior  to  date  of  importation. 

Sec.  3.  All  cattle  other  than  those  mentioned  in  Sec.  2,  except  steers  and 
cattle  for  immediate  slaughter,  shall  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  health 
and  an  affidavit,  certifying  that  the  title  of  such  cattle  will  not  be  transferred 
and  that  they  will  not  be  used  for  other  purposes  than  feeding  or  slaughter 
without  first  notifying  the  State  "Veterinarian  and  having  them  subjected  to  the 
tuberculin  test. 

Sec.  4.  All  sheep  and  goats  imported  into  the  state  of  Iowa,  except  for  im- 
mediate slaughter,  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  health,  certifying 
that  they  have  been  inspected  and  found  free  from  all  contagious,  infectious  or 
transmissable  diseases. 

Sec.  5.  All  swine  imported  into  the  state  of  Iowa,  except  for  immediate 
slaughter,  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  health,  certifying  that  they 
have  been  immunized  with  Dorset-McBride-Niles  anti-hog  cholera  serum  not 
more  than  thirty  days  prior  to  date  of  importation  when  the  serum  alone  is 
used  and  not  less  than  thirty  days  prior  to  date  of  importation  when  the  simul- 
taneous method  is  used. 

Sec.  6.  Certificates  and  tests  as  herein  required  must  be  issued  by  a  Federal, 
State  or  Assistant  State  Veterinarian  or  in  lieu  thereof  the  certificate  may  be 
made  by  a  graduate  veterinarian,  if  such  certificate  bear  the  approval  of  the 
State  Veterinarian  or  authoritj'  having  charge  of  diseases  of  domestic  animals 
in  the  state  where  the  shipment  originates. 

Sec.  7.  Certificates  shall  be  made  in  triplicate,  the  original  certificate  to  be 
attached  to  the  waybill  for  the  shipment,  the  duplicate  to  be  sent  to  the  State 
Veterinarian  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  and  the  triplicate  to  be  forwarded  to  the 
State  Veterinarian  or  live  stock  authority  of  the  state  from  which  the  stock 
is  being  shipped. 

Rule  19.  Detention  and  Inspection — quarantine.  In  lieu  of  an  inspection  cer- 
tificate as  required  by  Rule  18,  live  stock  may  be  detained  at  a  suitable  stock 
yards  or  other  enclosure  within  the  state  nearest  the  State  Line,  on  the  rail- 
road or  highway  over  which  they  are  being  shipped,  driven  or  hauled  and  there 
examined  at  the  expense  of  the  owner,  or  may  be  shipped  or  driven  to  their 
destination  under  quarantine  at  the  discretion  of  the  owner,  there  to  remain  in 
quarantine   imtil   inspected   and  tuberculin   or  mallein   tested   at  the   expense   of 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART   I  .  5S5 

the  owner,  and  released  by  the  State  Veterinary  Surgeon.  Such  expense  shall 
be  a  lien  upon  the  live  stock.  Railroad  or  transportation  companies  are  required 
to  notify  the  State  Veterinary  Surgeon  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  of  any  shipments 
of  live  stock  entering  the  State  of  Iowa  not  being  accompanied  by  certificates 
of  health  as  required  by  Rule  18. 

Rule  20.  Township  trustees  and  local  health  officers  of  towns,  villages  and 
cities  are  hereby  authorized  and  instructed  to  seize  and  hold  in  quarantine  all 
live  stock  in  violation  of  above  rules  and  to  notify  the  State  Veterinary  Surgeon 
at  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  The  expense  of  the  quarantine  and  examination  must  be 
paid  by  the  owner  (or  agent)   of  the  quarantined  animals  as  prescribed  by  law. 

STOCK    EXHIBITED    AT    FAIRS. 

Rule  21.  Rules  18  and  19  shall  not  be  held  to  apply  to  live  stock  brought 
into  the  state  from  other  states  for  the  purpose  of  exhibition  or  racing  at  State, 
District  or  County  Fairs  ;  provided,  that  in  the  event  that  sales  shall  be  made 
from  such  exhibition  herds,  to  remain  in  the  state  of  Iowa,  such  stock  so  sold 
shall  first  bo  submitted  to  inspection  requirements  set  forth  in  Rule  IS  before 
the  sale  is  consummated  and  the  stock  shipped  to  destination. 

Rule  22.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  State  Veterinary  Surgeon  to  .supervise 
the  disinfection  of  all  liuildings,  stalls  and  pens  at  the  State  Fair  Grounds  .iust 
prior  to  the  opening  of  the  State  Fair  and  to  disinfect  hog  pens  and  such  other 
enclosures   as  he  may  deem   necessary  daily  during  the  Fair. 

Rule  23.  All  animals  presented  for  exhibition  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair  and 
Sioux  City  Fair  shall  be  subjected  to  examination  by  the  State  Veterinary 
Surgeon  before  entering  the  Fair  Grounds,  and  to  daily  inspection  during  the 
Exhibition.  Should  any  animal  be  found  to  be  affected  with  any  contagious,  in- 
fectious or  communicaT51e  disease  it  shall  immediately  be  removed  to  a  place  of 
quarantine.  The  show  pens  or  stalls  in  which  such  diseased  animal  or  animals 
were  kept  must  immediately  be  cleaned  and  disinfected  under  the  supervision 
of  the  State  Veterinary  Surgeon. 

Rule  24.  The  term  "quarantine"  shall  be  construed  to  mean  the  perfect  isola- 
tion of  all  diseased  or  suspected  animals  from  contact  with  healthy  animals, 
as  well  as  the  exclusion  of  all  healthy  animals  from  yards,  stables,  enclosures 
or  grounds  where  suspected  or  diseased  animals  are  or  have  been  kept. 

Rule  25.  The  State  Veterinary  Surgeon  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to 
co-operate  with  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  and  may  formulate 
and  print  instructions  or  rules  pertaining  to  the  prevention  and  spread  of  con- 
tagious diseases  among  domestic  animals  by  order  of  the  Animal  Health  Com- 
mission. 

Rule  26.  All  hogs  within  the  state  of  Iowa  immunized  by  the  double  or 
simultaneous  method  of  treatment  against  hog  cholera  shall  be  held  in  strict 
quarantine  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  thirty  days. 

Rule  27.  All  swine  exhibited  at  State,  County  or  other  Fairs  or  exhibitions 
in  the  State  of  Iowa  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  showing  that  they 
have  been  immunized  with  Dorset-McBride-Niles  anti-hog  cholera  serum  not 
more  than  thirty  days  prior  to  date  of  such  Fair  or  exhibition  when  serum 
alone  is  used  and  not  less  than  thirty  days  prior  to  date  of  such  Fair  or  exhibi- 
tion when  the  simultaneous  method  is  used. 

Approved  under  the  requirement  of  Section  3  of  Chapter  115,  Acts  of  the 
Thirty-fourth  General  Assembly.     August  29th,  1911. 


582  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

g,  ANIMALS'   REJECTED    AT    SLAUGHTER    HOUSES. 

th3  i^iule  16.  So-called  "piggT"  or  pregnant  sows,  boars  and  rejected  cattle 
se '^und  in  railway  and  packing  house  stock  yards  must  not  be  sold  nor  delivered 
i^'.o  farmers,  but  held  subject  to  such  quarantine  as  may  be  deemed  necessary 
^to  prevent  the  communication  of  any  contagious,  infectious  or  communicable 
'  disease. 

Rule  17.     The  flesh  of  pregnant   animals   shall   neither  be   sold  nor  used   for 

human  food  after  the  seventh  month  of  pregnancy  for  cows  and  the  tenth  week 

for  sows. 

IMPORTATION  OF  LIVE  STOCK. 

Rule  18.  The  importation  of  live  stock  into  the  state  of  Iowa  is  hereby 
prohibited,  except  under  the  following  conditions. 

Section  1.  All  horses,  mules  and  asses,  over  twelve  months  of  age  imported 
into  the  state  of  Iowa  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  health,  including 
a  record  of  the  mallein  test,  certifying  that  the  animals  described  thereon  have 
been  inspected  and  mallein  tested  and  found  free  from  all  contagious  or  in- 
fectious diseases.  Such  test  and  inspection  to  be  made  not  more  than  thirty 
days  prior  to  date  of  importation. 

Sec.  2.  All  dairy  and  breeding  cattle  over  six  months  of  age  imported  into 
the  state  of  Iowa  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  health  including  a 
record  of  the  tuberculin  test,  certifying  that  the  animals  described  thereon  have 
been  inspected  and  tuberculin  tested  and  found  free  from  all  contagious  or 
infectious  diseases.  Such  test  and  inspection  to  be  made  not  more  than  thirty 
days  prior  to  date  of  importation. 

Sec.  3.  All  cattle  other  than  those  mentioned  in  Sec.  2,  except  steers  and 
cattle  for  immediate  slaughter,  shall  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  health 
and  an  affidavit,  certifying  that  the  title  of  such  cattle  will  not  be  transferred 
and  that  they  will  not  be  used  for  other  purposes  than  feeding  or  slaughter 
without  first  notifying  the  State  Veterinarian  and  having  them  subjected  to  the 
tuberculin  test. 

Sec.  4.  All  sheep  and  goats  imported  into  the  state  of  Iowa,  except  for  im- 
mediate slaughter,  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  health,  certifying 
that  they  have  been  inspected  and  found  free  from  all  contagious,  infectious  or 
transmissable  diseases. 

Sec.  5.  All  swine  imported  into  the  state  of  Iowa,  except  for  immediate 
slaughter,  mi:st  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  health,  certifying  that  they 
have  been  immunized  with  Dorset-McBride-Niles  anti-hog  cholera  serum  not 
more  than  thirty  days  prior  to  date  of  importation  when  the  serum  alone  is 
used  and  not  less  than  thirty  days  prior  to  date  of  importation  when  the  simul- 
taneous method  is  used. 

Sec.  6.  Certificates  and  tests  as  herein  required  must  be  issued  by  a  Federal, 
State  or  Assistant  State  Veterinarian  or  in  lieu  thereof  the  certificate  may  be 
made  by  a  graduate  veterinarian,  if  such  certificate  bear  the  approval  of  the 
State  Veterinarian  or  authority  having  charge  of  diseases  of  domestic  animals 
in  the  state  where  the  shipment  originates. 

Sec.  7.  Certificates  shall  be  made  in  triplicate,  the  original  certificate  to  be 
attached  to  the  waybill  for  the  shipment,  the  duplicate  to  be  sent  to  the  State 
Veterinarian  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  and  the  triplicate  to  be  forwarded  to  the 
State  Veterinarian  or  live  stock  authority  of  the  state  from  which  the  stock 
is  being  shipped. 

Rule  19.  Detention  and  Inspection — quarantine.  In  lieu  of  an  inspection  cer- 
tificate as  required  by  Rule  18,  live  stock  may  be  detained  at  a  suitable  stock 
yards  or  other  enclosure  within  the  state  nearest  the  State  Line,  on  the  rail- 
road or  highway  over  which  they  are  being  shipped,  driven  or  hauled  and  there 
examined  at  the  expense  of  the  owner,  or  may  be  shipped  or  driven  to  their 
destination  under  quarantine  at  the  discretion  of  the  owner,  there  to  remain  in 
quarantine   until   inspected  and  tuberculin   or  mallein   tested   at  the   expense   of 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART    XI  5S6 

the  owner,  and  released  by  the  State  Veterinary  Surgeon.  Such  expense  shall 
be  a  lien  upon  the  live  stock.  Railroad  or  transportation  companies  are  required 
to  notify  the  State  Veterinary  Surgeon  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  of  any  shipments 
of  live  stock  entering  tlie  State  of  Iowa  not  being  accompanied  by  certificates 
of  health  as  required  by  Rule  18, 

Rule  20.  Township  trustees  and  local  health  ofHcers  of  towns,  villages  and 
cities  are  hereby  authorized  and  instructed  to  seize  and  hold  in  quarantine  all 
live  stock  in  violation  of  above  rules  and  to  notify  the  State  Veterinary  Surgeon 
at  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  The  expense  of  the  quarantine  and  examination  must  be 
paid  by  the  owner  (or  agent)   of  the  quarantined  animals  as  prescribed  by  law, 

STOCK    EXHIBITED    AT    FAIRS. 

Rule  21.  Rules  18  and  19  shall  not  be  held  to  apply  to  live  stock  brought 
into  the  state  from  other  states  for  the  purpose  of  exhibition  or  racing  at  State, 
District  or  County  Fairs  ;  provided,  that  in  the  event  that  sales  shall  be  made 
from  such  exhibition  herds,  to  remain  in  the  state  of  Iowa,  such  stock  so  sold 
shall  first  be  submitted  to  inspection  requirements  set  forth  in  Rule  18  before 
the  sale  is  consiuTimated  and  the  stock  shipped  to  destination. 

Rule  22.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  State  Veterinary  Surgeon  to  supervi.se 
the  disinfection  of  all  buildings,  stalls  and  pens  at  the  State  Fair  Grounds  just 
prior  to  the  opening  of  the  State  Fair  and  to  disinfect  hog  pens  and  such  other 
enclosures  as  he  may  deem  necessary  daily  during  the  Fair. 

Rule  23.  All  animals  presented  for  exhibition  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair  and 
Sioux  City  Fair  shall  be  subjected  to  examination  by  the  State  Veterinary 
Surgeon  before  entering  the  Fair  Grounds,  and  to  daily  inspection  during  the 
Exhibition.  Should  any  animal  be  found  to  be  affected  with  any  contagious,  in- 
fectious or  communicaole  disease  it  shall  immediately  be  removed  to  a  place  of 
quarantine.  The  show  pens  or  stalls  in  which  such  diseased  animal  or  animals 
were  kept  must  immediately  be  cleaned  and  disinfected  under  the  supervision 
of  the  State  Veterinary  Surgeon. 

Rule  24.  The  term  "quarantine"  shall  be  construed  to  mean  the  perfect  isola- 
tion of  all  diseased  or  suspected  animals  fi-om  contact  with  healthy  animals, 
as  well  as  the  exclusion  of  all  healthy  animals  from  yards,  stables,  enclosures 
or  grounds  where  suspected  or  diseased  animals  are  or  have  been  kept. 

Rule  25.  The  State  Veterinary  Surgeon  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to 
co-operate  with  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  and  may  formulate 
and  print  instructions  or  rules  pertaining  to  the  prevention  and  spread  of  con- 
tagious diseases  among  domestic  animals  by  order  of  the  Animal  Health  Com- 
mission. 

Rule  26.  All  hogs  within  the  state  of  Iowa  immunized  by  the  double  or 
simultaneous  method  of  treatment  against  hog  cholera  shall  be  held  in  strict 
quarantine  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  thirty  days. 

Rule  27.  All  swine  exhibited  at  State,  County  or  other  Fairs  or  exhibitions 
in  the  State  of  Iowa  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  showing  that  they 
have  been  immunized  with  Dorset-McBride-Niles  anti-hog  cholera  serum  not 
more  than  thirty  days  prior  to  date  of  such  Fair  or  exhibition  when  serum 
alone  Is  used  and  not  less  than  thirty  days  prior  to  date  of  such  Fair  or  exhibi- 
tion when  the  simultaneous  method  is  used. 

Approved  under  the  requirement  of  Section  3  of  Chapter  115,  Acts  of  the 
Thirty-fourth  General  Assembly.     August  29th,  1911. 


586  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

VARIOUS    STATE    REQUIREMENTS    FOR    THE    IMPORTATION    OF 

LIVE  STOCK. 

ALABAMA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate,  in  duplicate,  issued  by 
officially  qualified  veterinarian. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate,  including  tuberculin  test  for  all  cattle  over 
6  months  old  intended  for  purposes  other  than  immediate  slaughter. 
Calves  from  tubercular  mothers  or  herd  can  not  come  into  state. 

Hogs. — Health  certificate,  showing  no  exposure  to  disease. 

Sheep. — Health  certificate. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Any  legally  qualified  veterinarian  who  may  be 
indorsed  or  certified  to  by  state  veterinarian  of  state  of  origin,  or  by 
federal  inspector. 

Official. — Dr.  C.  A.  Cary,  state  veterinarian,  Auburn,  Alabama. 


Horses,  Mules  and  Asses. — Health  certificate,  preferably  including  mal- 
lein  test. 

Cattle.^Health  certificate.    Tuberculin  test  for  dairy  or  breeding  cattle. 

Hogs. — Health  certificate  and  isolation  at  destination  two  weeks  or 
until  released  by  state  veterinarian. 

Sheep. — Health  certificate  for  all.  Certificate  of  dipping  under  official 
supervision  when  from  any  territory  classed  as  infected  by  the  gov- 
ernment. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Horses,  cattle,  and  hogs:  any  state,  federal,  county 
veterinarian,  or  other  veterinarian  when  his  certificate  is  approved  by 
the  state  veterinarian  or  state  sanitary  board  at  point  of  origin.  Sheep: 
Federal  veterinarian. 

Official. — Dr.  J.  C.  Norton,  state  veterinarian,  Phoenix,  Ariz.,  to  whom 
duplicate  certificate  should  be  sent  in  advance. 

ARKANSAS. 

Horses,  Mules  and  Asses. — Health  certificate. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate  for  dairy  or  breeding  cattle,  including  tu- 
berculin test  by  official  veterinarian,  or  permit  from  state  veterinarian 
to  test  after  arrival. 

Hogs. — Must  be  free  from  and  not  exposed  to  contagious  or  infectious 
disease. 

Sheep. — Must  be  free  from  and  not  exposed  to  contagious  or  infectious 
disease. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Officials  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  or 
official  veterinarians  of  state  of  origin. 

Official.— Dr.  J.  F.  Stanford,  Fayetteville,  Ark. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate,  including  mallein-test 
certificate.  One  copy  of  certificate  and  test  record  attached  to  way  bill 
5.r4  duplicate  copy  mailed  to  state  veterinarian  on  day  of  shipment. 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART   XI  587 

Cattle. — Health  certificate,  including  tuberculin-test  certificate  for  breed- 
ing and  dairy  cattle.  One  copy  of  certificate  and  test  record  attached 
to  way  bill  and  duplicate  copy  mailed  to  state  veterinarian  of  California 
on  day  of  shipment.  Special  regulations  for  importation  of  southern 
cattle. 

Hogs. — Health  certificate. 

Sheep. — In  accordance  with  Federal  regulations. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Federal  veterinarians  or  veterinarians  certified 
to  by  the  authorities  charged  with  the  control  of  live-stock  sanitary 
work  in  the  state  in  which  the  animals  originate. 

Official. — Dr.  Charles  Keane,  state  veterinarian,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

COLORADO. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate  and  tuberculin-test  chart  for  bulls  for  breed- 
ing purposes  and  female  cattle  over  6  months  old  intended  for  dairy 
purposes. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None,  except  government  regulations. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Official  veterinarians,  state  or  federal,  or  a  li- 
censed veterinarian  whose  certificate  is  approved  by  the  state  veteri- 
narian or  like  officer. 

Official. — Dr.   W.   W.   Yard,    state   veterinarian,   Denver,    Colo. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — For  neat  cattle  over  6  months  of  age,  health  certificate,  including 
tuberculin-test  chart  properly  filled  out  and  certified  to  by  a  qualified 
veterinarian  in  any  other  state  who  is  approved  by  the  authority  having 
jurisdiction  of  diseases  of  domestic  animals  in  that  state.  This  certifi- 
cate must  contain  a  description  of  each  animal,  including  age,  breed, 
sex  and  color,  or  numbered  ear  tags  so  that  animals  may  be  easily 
identified.  When  certificate  as  above  described  is  not  provided,  neat 
cattle  may  be  taken  into  the  state  under  a  permit  from  the  commis- 
sioner on  domestic  animals  and  held  in  quarantine  at  the  place  desig- 
nated until  examined  and  released  by  the  commissioner  or  his  agent. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Commissioner   or   his   agent. 

Official. — H.  0.  Averill,  commissioner  on  domestic  animals,  Hart- 
ford,  Conn. 

DELAWARE. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — Cattle  for  dairy  or  breeding  purposes  admitted  to  the  state 
on  permit  from  the  live  stock  sanitary  board  or  must  be  accompanied 
by  certificate,  including  tuberculin-test  chart,  showing  animals  to  be  free 
from  tuberculosis. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 


588  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Who  May  Inspect. — Federal  or  state  inspector,  or  veterinarian  whose 
certificate  must  be  a.pproved  by  state  live  stock  sanitary  board. 

Official. — Wesley  Webb,  corresponding  secretary  of  state  board  of  agri- 
<^ulture,  Dover,  Del. 

FLORIDA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — None. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 

The  state  law  provides  that  it  shaJl  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to 
bring  into  the  state  or  to  offer  for  sale  any  live  stock  suffering  from 
contagious  or  infectious  diseases. 

Who  May   Inspect. — None   needed. 

Official. — Dr.  Charles  F.  Dawson,  veterinarian  to  state  board  of  health, 
Jacksonville,  Fla. 

GEORGIA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate  and  tuberculin  test  record  for  all  dairy  or 
breeding  cattle.  Cattle  may  upon  affidavit  of  owner  or  exhibitor  be 
shipped  in  for  fairs  or  live  stock  exhibitions,  but  can  not  be  sold  for 
delivery  within  the  state  until  they  have  been  examined  and  tuberculin 
tested  by  state  veterinarian  or  his  duly  authorized  deputy. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Any  qualified  graduate  veterinarian  who  is  indorsed 
by  the  state  veterinarian  or  officer  in  charge  of  live  stock  sanitary  work 
in  the  state  where  the  shipment  originates;  also  veterinarians  of  the 
bureau  of  animal  industry. 

Official. — Dr.  Peter  B.  Bahnsen,  state  veterinarian,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

IDAHO. 

Horses,   Mules,   and   Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — Dairy  and  breeding  cattle  to  be  tested  with  tuberculin,  three 
preliminary  temperatures  and  four  after  injection.  Tuberculin-test  chart 
should  accompany  cattle. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — Bucks  to  be  dipped  under  state  supervision. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Federal,  state  and  assistant  state  veterinarians 
to  make  tuberculin  test. 

Official. — Dr.  V.  C.  White,  state  veterinarian,  Boise,  Idaho. 


Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — None,  except  Texas  fever. 

Hogs. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — State  veterinarian  and  his  assistants. 

Officials. — Dr.  J.  M.  Wright,  state  veterinarian,  1827  Wabash  Avenue, 
Chicago,  111.;  Mr.  C.  A.  Lowery,  secretary,  state  board  of  live  stock  com- 
missioners, Springfield,  111. 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART   XI  589 


Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None, 

Cattle. — All  cattle  shipped  into  state  must  be  tuberculin  tested  and 
tagged  with  Indiana  state  tags.  Government  test  preferred.  Test  charts 
must  be  sent  to  state  veterinarian.  Cattle  for  feeding  purposes  required 
to  be  kept  separate  from  all  other  classes  of  cattle  and  swine  until 
slaughtered  or  shipped  out  of  the  state.      Sworn  affidavit  required. 

Hogs. — Hogs  shipped  into  state  for  breeding  purposes  required  to  have 
certificates  showing  freedom  from  disease  and  that  they  originated  in 
non-infected  territory.  All  stock  yards  considered  infected  territory, 
unless  under  government  supervision  and  non-infected  pens  are  provided. 
Feeding  hogs  under  same  restrictions  unless  permit  be  secured  from 
Indiana  state  veterinarian. 

Sheep. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — State  veterinarian  or  veterinary  inspector  of  the 
bureau  of  animal  industry. 

Official. — Dr.    Nelson,    state   veterinarian,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 

IOWA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate,  including  mallein  test. 

Cattle  for  Dairy  and  Breeding  Purposes. — Health  certificate,  including 
tuberculin  test.  Other  cattle  except  for  immediate  slaughter  affidavit 
required. 

Hogs. — Health  certificate  showing  immunization  by  the  Dorset-McBride- 
Niles  serum. 

Sheep. — Health  certificate. 

Who  May  Inspect. — The  above  required  certificates  may  be  issued  by  a 
federal,  state  or  assistant  state  veterinarian  or  by  any  graduate  vet- 
erinarian whose  certificate  is  indorsed  by  the  parties  having  charge  of 
live  stock  sanitation  in.  the  state  where  shipment  originates. 

Official. — Dr.  J.  I.  Gibson,  state  veterinarian,  Des  Moines,  la. 

KANSAS. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Inspection  certificate  and  mallein  test  issued 
by  federal  or  state  authorities,  when  shipped  or  driven  from  below  the 
southern,  quarantine  line,  showing  them  to  be  free  from  Texas  fever  ticks. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate  from  territory  under  quarantine  by  the  fed- 
eral government  on  account  of  Texas  fever,  ticks  or  scabies,  including 
tuberculin  test  certificate  for  dairy  cattle  and  registered  cattle  for  breed- 
ing purposes. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 

V/ho  May  Inspect. — Inspectors  of  the  bureau  of  animal  industry,  vet- 
erinarians and  inspectors  having  a  commission  from  the  state  live  stock 
sanitary  commissioner. 

Official. — Sam  S.  Graybill,  state  live  stock  sanitary  commissioner, 
Topeka,  Kansas. 

KENTUCKY. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 


590  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Cattle. — Health  certificate,  including  certificate  of  tuberculin  test,  except 
for  cattle  for  immediate  slaughter.  Southern  cattle  admitted  for  pur- 
poses other  than  immediate  slaughter  during  January,  November  and  De- 
cember, after  certification  by  an  inspector  of  the  bureau  of  animal  industry 
as  being  free  from  any  symptoms  of  Texas  fever. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — Sheep  intended  for  purposes  other  than  immediate  slaughter 
shall  be  accompanied  by  certificate  from  an  inspector  of  the  bureau  of 
animal  industry  showing  them  to  have  been  dipped  once  within  10  days 
of  date  of  entry  in  either  lime  and  sulphur  or  a  nicotine  dip. 

Who  May  Inspect. — State  veterinarian  and  assistants,  inspectors  of 
the  bureau  of  animal  industry. 

Officials. — Dr.  Robert  Graham,  state  veterinarian,  Lexington,  Ky.;  Hon. 
M.  C.  Rankin,  chairman  state  live  stock  sanitary  board,  Frankfort,  Ky. 

LOUISIANA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate  showing  freedom  from 
all  contagious,  infectious  and  communicable  diseases. 

Cattle. — Dairy  and  breeding  cattle  shall  be  free  from  tuberculosis;  must 
be  tested  with  tuberculin  before  entering  state.  Owner  or  agent  of  cattle 
must  mail  certificate  to  secretary  and  executive  oflEicer  of  state  live  stock 
sanitary  board  immediately  following  arrival  of  cattle  under  6  months 
old;   calves  from  tuberculous  cows  shall  be  rejected. 

Hogs. — Health  certificate  from  qualified  veterinarian  24  hours  before 
shipping,  showing  freedom  from  infectious,  contagious  or  communicable 
disease. 

Sheep. — Health  certificate  from  qualified  veterinarian  24  hours  before 
shipping,  showing  freedom  from  infectious,  contagious  or  communicable 
disease. 

Who  May  Inspect. — All  qualified  veterinarians  in  the  state  deputized  by 
board  to  make  such  inspections. 

Official. — Dr.  E.  Pegram  Flower,  secretary  and  executive  officer  of 
state  live  stock  sanitary  board,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

MAINE. 

Horses,    Mules,    and    Asses. — Health    certificate    and    mallein    test. 

Cattle. — Must  have  permit  from  cattle  commission,  and  be  quarantined 
on  owner's  premises  for  30   days   and  be  subject  to  tuberculin   test. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Qualified  veterinarians  authorized  by  live  stock 
sanitary  commissioner. 

Official. — Mr.  Van  W.  Carll,  live  stock  sanitary  commissioner,  Augusta, 
Maine. 

MARYLAND. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — Health   certificate   for   feeding   cattle,   and   tuberculin   test   for 
dairy  and  breeding  cattle,  accompanied  by  test  sheet.  ' 
Hogs. — Health   Certificate. 


THIRTEENTH    ANNUAL    YEAR    BOOK— PART   XI  591 

Sheep. — Health    Certificate. 

Who  May  Inspect. — State  veterinarian,  deputies  and  inspectors  of  the 
bureau   of  animal  industry. 

Official. — Dr.  Frank  H.  Mackie,  chief  veterinary  inspector,  1035  Cathe- 
dral Street,  Baltimore,  Md. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate,  including  tuberculin  test,  except  beeves  for 
Immediate  slaughter  and  calves  under  6  months  old.  Certificates  of  test 
made  by  veterinarians  in  other  states  are  accepted  if  approved  by  the 
proper   live   stock   sanitary   authorities   in    those   states. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 

Who  May   Inspect. — Chief  of  cattle   bureau  or  his  agents. 

Official. — Mr.  Fred  F.  Walker,  chief  of  cattle  bureau,  Boston,  Mass. 

MICHIGAN. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate  for  dairy  cattle,  including  tuberculin  test. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 

Who    May    Inspect. — Competent    veterinarian. 

Officials. — Dr.  Ward  Giltner,  state  veterinarian,  East  Lansing,  Mich.; 
Mr.  H.  H.  Hinds,  president  state  live  stock  sanitary  commission,  Stan- 
ton, Mich. 

MINNESOTA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — All  branded  horses,  mules  or  asses  imported 
into  Minnesota  must  be  accompanied  by  a  health  certificate,  including 
mallein  test,  certifying  that  animals  have  been  examined  and  mallein 
tested  within  30  days  prior  to  date  of  shipment  and  found  free  from 
glanders. 

Cattle. — All  cattle  intended  for  dairy  or  breeding  purposes  imported 
into  Minnesota  must  be  tuberculin  tested.  Dairy  and  breeding  cattle 
imported  into  Minnesota  from  the  state  of  Illinois  must  be  held  and 
tuberculin  tested  on  arrival  unless  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  tuber- 
culin test  made  and  issued  by  a  veterinarian  of  the  United  States  bureau 
of   animal   industry. 

Hogs. — Health    Certificate. 

Sheep. — Health  Certificate. 

Who  May  Inspect. — State  veterinarians  or  assistants,  other  than  those 
of  Illinois,  federal  veterinarians  and  veterinarians  acting  under  authority 
of  state  live  stock  sanitary  board. 

Official. — Dr.  S.  H.  Ward,  secretary  and  executive  ofiicer,  live  stock 
sanitary  board,   Old   Capitol,   St.   Paul,   Minii. 


592  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Horses,   Mules,    and   Asses. — Health   certificate. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate.  Tuberculin  test  for  dairy  and  breeding 
cattle. 

Hogs.— Health  Certificate. 

Sheep.-^Health   Certificate. 

Who  May  Inspect. — State  veterinarian,  assistant  state  veterinarians,  in- 
spectors of  the  bureau  of  animal  industry. 

Official. — Mr.  W.  L.  Hutchinson,  secretary,  live  stock  sanitary  board, 
Agricultural  College,  Mississippi. 

MISSOURI. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None  specifically  required.  The  statutes  of 
the  state  forbid  the  importation  of  animals  affected  with  glanders,  farcy 
or   nasal   gleet. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate  for  dairy  and  breeding  cattle,  including 
tuberculin  test.  If  any  animal  in  a  lot  inspected  is  found  tuberculous, 
the  words,  "exposed  to  tuberculosis  on  day  of  inspection,"  shall  be 
written  on  the  certificate  of  health  of  such  animals  as  pass.  Cattle  for 
pasturing,  feeding  or  immediate  slaughter  admitted  on  permit  from  state 
veterinarian  without  tuberculin  test.  Regulations  do  not  apply  to  cattle 
shipped  to  the  public  stock  yards  at  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  and  St 
Louis,  nor  for  exhibition  at  any  fair  or  live  stock  show. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None  specifically  required.  The  statutes  of  the  stats  forbid  the 
importation  of  sheep  affected  with  any  contagious  disease. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Official  veterinarian,  state  or  federal,  or  competent 
veterinarian  whose  certificate  shall  be  approved  by  the  state  veterinarian 
or   like  officer  in  writing. 

Official. — Dr.   S.  Sheldon,   state  veterinarian,   Columbia,  Mo, 

MONTANA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate,  including  mallein-test  cer- 
tificate. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate,  except  for  immediate  slaughter,  including 
tuberculin  test  for  dairy  and  breeding  cattle. 

Hogs. — Health  certificates,  except  for  immediate  slaughter,  including 
statement  of  non-exposure,  except  where  swine  are  certified  by  federal 
or  state  veterinarian  as  having  been  immunized  by  the  Dorset-McBride- 
Niles  serum  method.  All  swine  imported  for  exhibition  purposes  must  be 
accompanied  by  certificate  of  immunization. 

Sheep. — Health  certificate,  and  dipped  twice  at  interval  of  10  days  in 
approved  dip  on  arrival  at  destination  or  at  a  safe  and  convenient  point, 
unless  for  immediate  slaughter. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Federal,  state  and  deputy  state  veterinarians. 

Official. — W.  J.  Butler,  state  veterinarian,  Helena,  Mont. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI      593 

XEBRASKA. 

Horses,    Mules,    and   Asses. — Health    certificate. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate.  Tuberculin  test  for  dairy  and  breeding 
cattle. 

Hogs. — Health  certificate  and  crating  for  breeding  or  exhibition  pur- 
poses.     Must  be  loaded   from  wagons  and  not  from   ordinary  chute. 

Sheep. — Without  inspection  from  clean  territory.  Permitted  from  ter- 
ritory affected  with  lip  and  leg  ulceration  after  inspection  by  govern- 
ment veterinarian  and  found  not  to  be  affected  with  disease. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Government  or  state  veterinarian  or  graduate  vet- 
erinarian  authorized  by   government   or   state   veterinarian. 

Oflacial. — Dr.  A.  Bostrom,  deputy  state  veterinarian,  Lincoln,  Nebr. 

iNEVADA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — None. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — Before  entrance  into  state  for  grazing,  must  notify  board  (state 
sheep  commission)  or  any  inspector  in  writing.  Notice  not  required  for 
sheep  in  transit  unless  they  remain  in  state  or  are  unloaded  to  feed  and 
rest  for  a  longer  period  than  48  hours. 

Officials. — Dr.  T.  F.  Richardson,  state  veterinarian,  Fallon,  Nev.;  Mr. 
Stan.   C.   Mitchell,   secretary   state   sheep   commission,   Reno,   Nev. 

NEW   HAMPSHIRE. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 
Cattle. — Health   certificate,   including   tuberculin   test. 
Hogs. — None. 
Sheep. — None. 

V/ho   May   Inspect. — Qualified   veterinarians. 

Official. — N.  J.  Bachelder,  secretary,  board  of  cattle  commission,  Con- 
cord,  N.   H. 

IVEAV    JERSEY. 

Horses,   Mules,   and   Asses.— None. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate  for  dairy  and  breeding  cattle,  including  tuber- 
culin test. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Oflficial  veterinarians  of  the  state  or  competent  vet- 
erinarian whose  health  certificate  is  approved  in  writing  by  state  officials. 

Official. — Dr.  Bruce  S.  Keator,  secretary,  state  board  of  health,  Trenton, 
New  Jersey. 

NEW    MEXICO. 

Horses,  IMules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate,  including  tuberculin  test,  for  dairy  cows  or 
the  breeding  of   dairy   cattle. 
Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — Health  certificate.     Bucks  must  be  dipped  at  unloading  point, 
38 


594  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Who  May  Inspect. — Official  veterinarian,  state  or  federal,  for  cattle. 
Sheep  must  be  inspected  by  a  federal  veterinarian  before  shipment  and 
by   territorial   inspector  at   destination. 

Officials. — W.  J.  Linwood,  secretary,  cattle  sanitary  board,  Albuquerque, 
N.  M.;  Harry  F.  Lee,  secretary,  sheep  sanitary  board,  Albuquerque,  N.  M. 

NEW    YORK. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate  for  neat  cattle  for  dairy  and  breeding  pur- 
poses,  including  tuberculin  test. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Federal  inspectors,  inspectors  indorsed  by  the  proper 
official  of  the  state  from  which  the  shipment  comes,  and  the  com- 
missioner of  agriculture,  or  duly  authorized  representatives. 

Official. — Dr.  J.  G.  Wills,  chief  veterinarian,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

NORTH   CAROLINA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate  when  for  breeding  pur- 
poses. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate,  including  certificate  of  tuberculin  test  when 
for  breeding  or  dairy  purposes. 

Hogs. — Health  certificate  for  breeding  purposes. 

Sheep. — Health  certificate  for  breeding  purposes. 

Who  May  Inspect. — State  veterinarians,  or  any  veterinarian  whose  cer- 
tificate he  will  indorse;   also  United  States  inspectors. 

Official. — Dr.  W.  G.  Chrisman,  state  veterinarian,  Raleigh,  N,  C. 

NORTH    DAKOTA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate,  including  mallein  test 
made  within  30  days  prior  to  entry  into  state.  Certificate  for  stallions 
should,  in  addition,  show  the  animals  to  be  free  from  infectious,  con- 
tagious or  transmssible  diseases  or  unsoundness. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate,  including  tuberculin  test  for  cattle  over  6 
months  old  intended  for  dairy  or  breeding  purposes;  test  to  be  made 
within  30  days  prior  to  entry  into  state. 

Swine. — Health  certificate  stating  that  no  infectious  swine  disease  exists 
or  has  existed  in  locality  from  which  the  shipment  originated  within  6 
months  prior  to  date  of  shipment,  unless  the  swine  are  certified  by  a 
duly  accredited  federal  or  state  veterinarian  as  having  been  immunized 
by  the  Dorset-McBride-Niles  hog  cholera  immune  serum.  Swine  brought 
into  state  for  exhibition  purposes  at  state  and  county  fairs  must  be  accom- 
panied by  a  certificate  stating  that  such  swine  have  been  immunized  by 
the  Dorset-McBride-Niles  hog  cholera  serum. 

Sheep. — Health  certificate  showing  them  to  be  free  from  scabies,  lip  and 
leg  ulceration,  or  exposure  thereto  within  30  days  prior  to  date  of  ship- 
ment. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Federal,  state  or  deputy  state  veterinarians  or  grad- 
uate veterinarian  whose  inspections  are  indorsed  by  officials  in  charge  of 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XL  595 

live  stock  sanitary  work  in  the  state  where  inspection  is  made.  All  mallein 
and  tuberculin  tests  shall  be  made  by  federal,  state  or  deputy  state 
veterinarians. 

Officials. — Dr.  W.  F.  Crewe,  state  veterinarian,  Devils  Lake,  N.  D.;  L. 
Van  Es,  bacteriologist,  state  live  stock  sanitary  board,  Fargo,  N.  D. 

OHIO. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 
Cattle. — None. 
Hogs. — None. 
Sheep. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Inspectors  of  the  bureau  of  animal   industry  and 
veterinarians  in  the  employ  of  the  state  board  of  live  stock  commissioners. 
Official. — Dr.  Paul  Fischer,  state  veterinarian,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

OKLAHOMA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate  stating  particularly  that 
stock  is  free  from  ticks. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate,  including  tuberculin  test  for  dairy  or  breed- 
ing cattle. 

Hogs. — Health  certificate,  except  for  immediate  slaughter. 

Sheep. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Official  veterinarians,  state  or  federal,  or  a  graduate 
licensed  veterinarian. 

Officials. — M.  F.  Ikard,  superintendent  live  stock  inspection,  Oklahoma, 
Okla.;  Drs.  J.  K.  Callicotte  and  Ben  Dobkins,  Oklahoma,  Okla.,  veter- 
inarians to  the  state  board  of  agriculture. 

OREGON. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate,  including  the  mallein  test, 
of  stock  used  on  railroad  or  other  construction  work.  Horses  that  are 
parts  of  settlers'  effects  and  animals  for  breeding  need  no  inspection,  but 
must  be  free  from  disease  to  comply  with  Oregon  statutes. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate,  including  tuberculin  test  for  dairy  and  breed- 
ing cattle  and  all  others  excepting  strictly  range  cattle. 

Hogs. — Health  certificate,  except  for  animals  for  immediate  slaughter. 
No  animal  can  be  shipped  for  breeding  or  feeding  purposes  that  has  come 
in  contact  with  any  public  yard,  corral,  undisinfected  car,  or  other  inter- 
mediate object  that  might  carry  infection.    Show  animals  must  be  crated. 

Sheep. — Health  certificates  from  states  in  quarantine.  Animals  must 
be  free  from  disease.  Notice  must  be  given  to  state  sheep  inspector  or 
nearest  deputy,  stating  by  telephone,  telegraph,  registered  letter,  or  in 
person,  time  and  place,  when  and  where  sheep  crossed  state  line,  locality 
from  which  they  came,  name  and  residence  of  owner  or  owners  and  of 
person  in  control  of  same,  and  number,  brands  and  character  of  the  ani- 
mals.     Sheep  from  quarantined  states  must  be  dipped  once. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Official  veterinarians,  state  or  federal;  graduate 
veterinarians  when  approved  in  writing  by  state  veterinarians  or  like 
officer,  for  animals  excepting  sheep.  Sheep  to  be  inspected  by  official 
veterinarians  only,  state  or  federal. 


596  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Officials. — Dr.  J.  F.  Morel,  state  veterinarian,  Corvallis,  Ore.;  Dr.  "W. 
H.  Lytle,  state  sheep  inspector,  Pendelton,  Ore. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Must  be  free  from  contagious  or  infectious 
disease. 

Cattle. — Dairj'-  cows  and  neat  cattle  for  breeding  purposes  to  be  accom- 
panied by  a  certificate  of  health  from  a  veterinarian  who  has  been  certi- 
fied to  the  Pennsylvania  state  live  stock  sanitary  board  by  the  authorities 
in  charge  of  cattle  diseases  in  the  state  in  which  the  cattle  originate. 
Said  certificate  must  be  accompanied  by  a  temperature  chart  showing 
that  each  animal  has  successfully  passed  a  satisfactory  tuberculin  test 
and  is  free  from  disease,  or  by  a  special  permit  authorizing  importation 
of  dairy  cows  or  neat  cattle  for  breeding  purposes  in  quarantine,  to  be 
inspected  and  tested  with  tuberculin  at  destination  by  an  approved  in- 
spector at  owner's  expense.  Special  permit  to  receive  southern  cattle  for 
immediate  slaughter. 

Hogs. — Must  be  free  from  contagious  or  infectious  disease. 

Sheep. — Must  be  free  from  contagious  or  infectious  disease. 

Who  May  Inspect. — State  veterinarian,  inspectors  of  the  bureau  of  ani- 
mal industry,  inspectors  in  the  state  in  which  the  cattle  originate  who 
have  been  properly  certified  to  the  Pennsylvania  state  live  stock  sanitary 
board,  or  licensed  and  approved  veterinarians  in  Pennsylvania. 

Official. — Dr.  C.  J.  Marshall,  state  veterinarian,  and  secretary  state 
live  stock  sanitary  board,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

RHODE  ISLAND." 

Horses,  Mules,   and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — Physical  examination. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Cattle  commissioners  of  Rhode  Island. 

Official. — Dr.  John  S.  Pollard,  state  veterinarian.  Providence,  R.  I. 

SOUTH   CAHOLINA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate.  Mallein  test  of  any  ex- 
posed animals. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate  except  when  intended  for  immediate  slaugh- 
ter.    Tuberculin  test  for  dairy  and  breeding  cattle  over  6  months  old. 

Hogs. — Health  certificate  except  when  intended  for  immediate  slaughter. 

Sheep. — Health  certificate  except  when  intended  for  immediate  slaughter. 

Who  May  Inspect. — OflScial  veterinarians,  state  or  federal. 

Official. — Dr.  M.  Ray  Powers,  state  veterinarian,  Clemson  College,  S.  C. 

SOUTH    DAKOTA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate,  including  mallein  test. 
Cattle. — Health  certificate,  including  tuberculin  test  of  dairy  and  breed- 
ing cattle. 
Hogs. — Health  Certificate. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI  597 

Sheep. — Health  Certificate. 

Who  May  Inspect. — State  veterinarian,  deputies  and  inspectors  of  the 
bureau  of  animal  industry- 

TENNESSEE. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Must  be  free  from  equine  scabies,  glanders  or 
other  contagious,  infectious  or  communicable  diseases. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate,  including  tuberculin  test  of  all  cattle  over  6 
months  old,  except  for  immediate  slaughter. 

Hogs. — From  public  stockyards  accepted  for  immediate  slaughter  only. 

Sheep. — Health  certificate  issued  by  an  inspector  of  the  bureau  of  animal 
industry  or  other  qualified  veterinarian,  except  for  immediate  slaughter. 

Who  May  Inspect. — State  and  federal  inspectors  or  other  qualified  vet- 
erinarians. 

Ofl^cials. — T.  F.  Peck,  commissioner  of  agriculture,  Nashville,  Tenn.;  Dr. 
G.  R.  White,  state  live  stock  inspector,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

TEXAS, 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate. 

Cattle. — Dairy  and  breeding  cattle  over  6  months  old  and  cattle  for 
exhibition  purposes  at  any  fairs  within  the  state  must  be  accompanied 
by  a  certificate  of  inspection  showing  them  to  have  been  tuberculin  tested 
within  60  days  prior  to  time  of  entering  the  state. 

Hogs. — Hogs  for  breeding  and  stocking  purposes  or  hogs  intended  for 
exhibition  at  any  fair  within  the  state  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certifi- 
cate showing  them  to  have  been  immunized  by  the  Dorset-McBride-Niles 
serum  method. 

Sheep. — Health  certificate  except  when  intended  for  immediate  slaughter. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Inspectors  of  the  bureau  of  animal  industry;  in- 
spectors designated  by  the  live  stock  sanitary  commission;  state  veter- 
inarian or  state  sheep  inspector. 

Officials. — Mr.  W.  N.  Waddell,  chairman,  live  stock  sanitary  commission, 
Fort  Worth,  Tex.;  Dr.  E.  R.  Forbes,  state  veterinarian.  Fort  Worth,  Tex.; 
Mr.  J.  A.  Whitten,  state  sheep  inspector,  Eldorado,  Tex. 

UTAH. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate,  including  mallein  test. 
Certificate  to  show  stallions  and  jacks  free  from  dourine  and  mares  free 
from  contagious  abortion. 

Cattle — Health  certificate  for  dairy  and  breeding  cattle,  including  tuber- 
culin test. 

Hogs. — Health  certificate,  certifying  that  they  have  been  immunized  by 
Dorset-McBride-Niles  hog  cholera  serum  within  ten  days  of  date  of  ship- 
ment. 

Sheep.— Health  Certificate. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Federal,  state  or  deputy  state  veterinarian,  or  quali- 
fied veterinarian  approved  by  the  state  or  federal  authorities. 

Officials.— Dr.  A.  Carrington  Young,  inspector,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah; 
A.  A.  Canister,  secretary  state  board  of  sheep  commissioners,  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah. 


598  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

VER:\rONT. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — Must  have  permit  from  the  state  cattle  commission  and  be 
held  in  quarantine  until  tested  with  tuberculin. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — State  cattle  commissioner  and  his  veterinarians. 
Tests  made  in  another  state  for  shipment  into  Vermont  are  accepted  when 
approved  by  the  proper  official  of  that  state. 

Official. — F.  L.  Davis,  cattle  commissioner,  White  River  Junction,  Ver- 
mont. 

VIRGINIA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate  for  dairy  and  breeding  cattle,  including  tuber- 
culin test,  made  within  the  preceding  4  months. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Inspectors  of  the  bureau  of  animal  industry,  state 
veterinarian  and  qualified  veterinarians  whose  certificates  are  approved 
in  writing  by  the  state  veterinarian  or  live  stock  sanitary  official  of  the 
state  in  which  animals  originate. 

Official. — Dr.  J.  G.  Ferneyhough,  state  veterinarian,  Burkeville,  Va. 

WASHINGTON. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Physical  inspection. 

Cattle. — Tuberculin  test  for  dairy  and  breeding  cattle.  Physical  inspec- 
tion for  beef  and  feeding  cattle. 

Hogs. — Physical  inspection. 

Sheep. — Physical  inspection. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Inspectors  of  the  bureau  of  animal  industry  and 
state  veterinarian   and   assistant  state   veterinarians. 

Official. — Dr.  S.  B.  Nelson,  state  veterinarian,  Spokane,  Wash. 

WEST    VIRGINIA. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — None. 
Cattle.— None. 
Hogs. — None. 
Sheep. — None. 

Who  May  Inspect. — None  needed. 

Official. — John  M.  Milan,  secretary  board  of  agriculture,  Charleston, 
West  Virginia. 

WISCONSIN. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate,  approved  by  state  veter- 
inarian. 

Cattle.— Health  certificate,  including  tuberculin  test  for  dairy  and  breed- 
ing cattle  over  6  months  old. 

Hogs. — None. 

Sheep. — None. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XI  599 

Who  May  Inspect. — Graduate  veterinarians  approved  by  the  state  vet- 
erinarian of  the  state  from  which  the  animals  come. 

Official. — Dr.    O.    H.    Eliason,    state    veterinarian,    Madison,    Wis. 

WYOMING. 

Horses,  Mules,  and  Asses. — Health  certificate.  Stallions  and  jacks  re- 
quire health  certificate,   including  mallein  test. 

Cattle. — Health  certificate,  Including  tuberculin  test  for  dairy  and 
breeding  cattle. 

Hogs. — Health  certificate.  For  exhibition  must  be  immunized  with 
Dorset-McBride-Niles  hog  cholera  serum. 

Sheep. — Send  10  days'  notice  to  secretary  state  board  of  sheep  com- 
missioners, Cheyenne,  Wyo.,  inclosing  3  cents  for  each  sheep  and  25 
cents  for  each  buck.  All  sheep  to  be  dipped  twice  at  destination  within 
15  days  after  arrival.  All  import  sheep  considered  as  being  dipped  for 
scabies  and  with  such  dip  as  prescribed  or  recognized  by  board  of  sheep 
commissioners  for  scabies. 

Who  May  Inspect. — Federal,  state  or  deputy  state  veterinarian  or  quali- 
fied veterinarian  approved  by  the  state  or  federal  authorities. 

Officials. — Dr.  Benj.  F.  Davis,  state  veterinarian,  Cheyenne,  Wyo.;  Dr. 
H.  S.  Eakins,  secretary-treasurer,  state  board  of  sheep  commissioners, 
Cheyenne,  Wyo. 


600  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


Interior  View  Live  Stock  Pavilion,  Iowa  State  Fair. 


PART  XII 


Papers   on   Live    Stock,   Agriculture   and    Miscella- 
neous Topics— Papers  Read  Before  County 
Farmers  Institutes,  Etc. 


THE  IOWA  STALLION  AND  JACK  LAW. 

SENATOR   A.    L.    AMES. 

(Before  the  Iowa  Draft  Horse  Breeders'  Association.) 

Mr.  Chairman,  Gentlemen  of  the  Horse  Breeders'  Association,  and 
Students  of  the  Short  Course  of  Iowa. — It  is  a  great  pleasure  to  me  to  be 
with  you  at  this  time.  I  am  glad  of  the  opportunity  of  going  over  this 
law  and  am  also  glad  that  you  have  in  your  hands  not  only  a  copy  of  the 
law  in  this  state  hut  other  states  as  well,  so  as  to  give  you  some  concep- 
tion of  the  differences  there  is  between  the  laws  of  other  states  and  the 
Iowa  law.  Iowa  has  the  best  horses,  grains,  soil,  and  people  and  it  will 
continue  to  be  the  best  if  we  safeguard  it.  I  have  received  letters  from 
farmers  and  breeders  over  the  state  calling  my  attention  to  this  very 
fact,  which  is  the  reason  why  I  devoted  my  time  two  years  ago  to  the 
drafting  of  this  law.  I  was  not  entirely  alone  in  this  work  for  I  had  the 
assistance  of  all  the  men  that  I  could  get  hold  of  who  were  working  for 
the  same  thing  and  were  interested,  as  well  as  the  help  of  associations  in 
other  states.  I  had  such  men  as  Dean  Curtiss  of  this  school,  and  the 
directors  of  the  breeders  association  in  Chicago.  In  fact  we  went  into 
this  matter  as  fully  and  carefully  as  possible  in  drafting  this  law.  And 
any  law,  I  do  not  care  what  it  is,  that  is  to  protect  the  people  of  this  or 
any  other  state  in  a  certain  way  will  have  some  weak  points  and  neces- 
sarily work  some  hardships  on  certain  individuals.  Also  I  believe  that 
this  law  in  the  state  of  Iowa  is  one  of  the  best  of  any  of  the  laws  in  the 
other  states  in  the  union. 

Now  there  are  a  good  many  points  that  have  been  criticised.  They 
say  that  the  law  is  not  constitutional.  We  went  into  that  matter  with 
some  of  the  best  constitutional  lawyers  in  the  state  and  determined  as  far 
as  we  could  that  the  law  is  constitutional.  The  police  department  in  this 
state  makes  this  law  constitutional  in  my  opinion.  I  have  no  more  right 
to  bring  a  horse  in  this  state  that  is  affected  with  a  contagious  disease 
and  offer  him  for  public  service  or  to  my  neighbors  than  a  man  has  to 
open  his  door  in  case  of  diphtheria  and  distribute  it  to  his  neighbors. 
The  law  is  quite  plain  I  believe  in  naming  all  of  its  holdings. 


602  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

The  question  of  disease  is  one  perhaps  that  will  most  vitally  interest 
the  stallion  owners  of  the  state.  It  is  article  three  of  the  law  which  re- 
quires earnest  consideration  and  the  division  of  these  diseases  perhaps 
would  vary  in  the  minds  of  the  different  men.  On  the  whole  they  are 
perhaps  as  well  as  you  could  possibly  arrange,  although  I  am  frank  to 
say  in  the  original  drafted  form  it  was  not  quite  as  stringent  as  it  now 
appears.  A  good  many  of  the  breeders  in  the  state  and  the  farmers  as 
well  objected  to  leaving  the  two  spavins  in  the  list  of  disqualifications. 
In  fact  the  bill  would  not  have  passed  the  house  two  years  ago  unless 
those  two  diseases  or  unsoundnesses  were  placed  in  the  first  lines  of  the 
law.  It  was  my  opinion  to  leave  them  optional  and  allowing  the  horse 
to  stand  on  the  minor  difficulties  but  it  was  written  in  the  law  and  pos- 
sibly for  that  reason  I  do  not  think  you  will  find  one  single  disease  or 
common  unsoundness  in  that  list  but  what  is  transmissable.  Not  one. 
You  men  who  are  breeders  ought  to  know  that  a  stallion  that  has  a  curb 
or  bog  spavin  has  unusual  weakness  in  that  particular  place  so  that  in 
a  majority  of  the  cases  the  progeny  of  that  animal  will  be  weakened  in  that 
particular  part.  And  that  is  one  thing  we  want  to  get  away  from  in 
breeding  animals  of  any  description  in  this  state  and  particularly  horses. 

We  want  a  class  of  horses  in  this  state  so  that  when  we  have  a  buyer 
come  into  our  yards  from  Chicago  we  wont  have  to  make  an  excuse  for 
a  horse  for  this  thing  and  that,  but  we  want  the  kind  that  is  clean  and 
sound  so  that  when  we  have  raised  him  to  four  or  five  years  old  and  he 
goes  on  to  the  market  he  will  sell  from  $250  to  $300  instead  of  $50  or 
$75.  That  was  the  idea  we  had  in  passing  this  stallion  law.  We  are 
striving  to  have  in  this  state  the  best  horses  that  grow,  the  best  cattle, 
the  best  hogs  and  the  best  men  and  women  and  in  order  to  do  that  we 
must  have  the  best  kind  of  stock  to  commence  with.  I  do  not  believe  you 
can  make  these  laws  too  stringent.  To  be  sure  some  individuals,  as  I 
said  before,  are  bound  to  be  hurt  in  some  way.  A  horse  may  have  some 
accident  and  develop  some  weakness,  a  constitutional  deficiency  that  will 
prevent  him  from  being  registered.  In  that  particular  instance  it  would 
be  well  to  allow  him  to  go  on  as  a  breeder.  But  just  as  soon  as  you  open 
that  door  to  that  man  you  will  open  a  door  for  other  men  who  can  claim 
most  any  thing.  We  are  making  a  law  for  the  people  and  not  the  indi- 
vidual. We  want  to  make  that  law  so  stringent  that  there  will  be  no 
question  about  it.  One  great  difficulty  in  making  laws  is  to  make  them 
clear  enough.  You  want  them  written  so  clear  and  plain  and  written  in 
the  Anglo-Saxon  language  so  you  will  know  what  it  means.  There  is  no 
question  about  what  this  law  means,  you  can  read,  it  is  as  I  say  and  there 
it  ends. 

I  do  not  know  whether  it  would  be  wise  for  me  to  go  on  and  take  up 
the  law  further  or  not.  You  have  it  there  in  your  hands.  In  the  draft- 
ing of  the  law  it  Vv^as  the  idea  of  those  of  us  that  were  trying  to  make 
a  law  for  the  benefit  of  the  state  to  lay  as  much  importance  as  possible 
on  the  registered  animal.  We  want  to  do  away  with  the  use  of  grade 
stock  in  this  state  by  all  means.  I  want  to  say  that  the  record  you  find 
in  the  herd  books  of  this  state  or  country  is  no  more  or  less  than  the 
honesty  of  the  man  who  raises  the  animal.     You  can  go  yourself  and 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      603 

swear  in  to  any  of  these  that  you  want  to  and  force  registry  but  we 
want  to  make  it  impossible  so  far  as  we  can.  We  want  every  one  that 
has  stock  whether  cattle,  horses,  sheep  or  hogs,  in  the  near  future  to  be 
able  to  trace  the  pedigree  back  to  some  responsible  registry.  I  believe 
your  organization  is  one  of  the  best  things  that  could  happen  for  that 
particular  line  of  work  for  the  horse  industry.  We  want  to  make  it  easy 
for  a  man  to  raise  the  registered  animal.  The  law  provides  that  if  an 
animal  is  not  registered  the  owner  has  to  say  the  animal  is  a  grade  and 
publish  the  fact  on  the  bill  and  every  place  where  the  animal  is  adver- 
tised. There  is  no  excuse  for  a  man  using  a  grade  stallion  in  this  state 
if  he  reads  the  law.  It  is  not  a  hardship  on  the  man.  He  does  not  have 
to  have  a  veterinary  examine  the  horse  and  I  would  just  as  soon  take 
the  breeder's  word  as  the  veterinarian's.  You  as  a  breeder  know  whether 
the  animal  is  sound  or  not.  You  cannot  raise  an  animal  and  be  with 
him  from  the  time  he  is  born  every  day  and  not  know  the  weakness  of 
that  animal.  You  know  whether  he  is  subject  to  an  ailment  that  will 
disqualify  him.  Nine  times  out  of  ten  you  will  be  nearer  the  truth  as 
regards  that  animal  than  the  veterinarian,  the  average  veterinarian.  If 
you  have  a  horse  for  sale  or  service  you  should  see  where  he  is  v/eak, 
if  at  all,  and  whether  he  is  free  from  any  disease  that  would  disqualify 
him.  If  not  he  should  not  be  offered  for  sale  or  service.  In  section  five 
of  the  law  you  will  find  the  means  of  preventing  a  man  from  standing  a 
stallion  that  you  consider  unfit  for  service.  You  select  one  man,  the 
board  of  agriculture  selects  another  and  these  two  agree  upon  a  third. 
This  committee  renders  a  final  decision  and  if  you  are  right  the  state 
pays  for  it.  If  you  are  not  right  you  pay  for  it.  In  other  words  we  want 
to  have  this  law  so  clear  and  simple  that  it  will  be  next  to  impossible  to 
violate  the  law  and  if  it  is  violated  to  provide  an  easy  means  of  rectify- 
ing that  mistake  and  put  it  right  so  that  all  this  business  which  is  done 
under  cover  will  be  taken  away  from  the  horse  business.  It  is  up  to  you 
as  breeders  of  this  state  to  get  away  from  it.  You  want  the  standard 
so  high  that  when  a  horse  breeder  says  that  his  horse  is  sound  it  will 
go  just  as  far  as  the  horse  can  travel.  I  want  it"  so  simple  and  plain 
that  there  is  no  question  about  it.  There  will  be  some  changes  you  want 
to  suggest.  We  did  not  claim  that  this  was  perfect  and  did  not  when  it 
was  passed.  You  cannot  make  a  law  that  is  absolutely  perfect.  You 
will  need  to  make  some  changes.  You  want  to  look  at  this  question  from 
all  angles,  see  how  it  affects  the  breeders  of  the  state  and  then  make  the 
change  if  you  are  satisfied  that  it  is  changed  for  the  interest  of  all  peo- 
ple. The  draft  horse  industry  is  one  of  the  greatest  industries  of  this 
or  any  other  state.  I  believe  this  law,  while  it  is  in  its  imperfect  form, 
if  you  please,  is  one  of  the  best  ones  ever  made  in  regard  to  horse  breeding 
industry. 


604  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

WHAT   HORSES   MEAN  TO   IOWA. 

BY     IIOWAKD    VAUGHN,     SECRETARY    OF    THE    IOWA    DRAFT    HORSE    BREEDERS'      < 

ASSOCIATION. 

[From  Profitable  Breeding  and  Farming.) 

Forty-five  per  cent  of  the  money  invested  in  livestock  in  Iowa  is  in- 
vested in  liorses.  Our  horses  outrank  in  value  any  other  single  agri- 
cultural product  or  crop  by  nearly  twenty  per  cent.  Of  late  years  we 
have  been  making  much  ado  about  the  extent  of  our  cattle  interests 
and  the  great  value  of  the  pork  that  is  produced  in  Iowa.  While  much 
livestock  has  been  of  much  importance,  yet  the  draft  horse  is  easily  the 
greatest  single  product  contributing  to  Iowa's  agricultural  wealth.  The 
value  of  Iowa  horses  is  49  per  cent  greater  than  the  combined  dairy 
and  beef  cattle  interests  of  the  state.  We  could  ship  out  of  the  state 
over  half  of  our  horses  and  still  have  enough  left  to  represent  more 
capital  than  the  total  value  of  our  hogs.  The  actual  census  figures  our 
horses  are  w^orth  $60,000,000  more  than  our  total  cattle  interests,  $100,- 
000,000  more  than  the  value  of  our  hogs,  thirty  times  as  much  as  the 
value  of  our  sheep  and  fifteen  times  the  value  of  our  poultry. 

Among  the  other  states  of  the  union,  Iowa  easily  holds  first  rank  in 
horse  production.  The  following  table  illustrates  this  statement  by 
giving  the  number  and  value  of  the  horses  in  a  few  of  the  leading 
horse  producing  states. 

RANK  OF    STATES   IX   HORSE  PRODUCTION. 

Iowa    1,568,000  worth  $177,184,000 

Illinois   1,497,000  worth     172,155,000 

Kansas  1,169,000  worth     112,224,000 

Texas   1,158,000  w^orth       85,692,000 

Missouri 1,095,000  worth     111,690,000 

Nebraska 1,059,000  w^orth       96,369,000 

There  is  but  one  state  that  records  more  stallions  than  Iowa.  That 
state  is  Illinois  and  undoubtedly  a  part  of  her  lead  in  the  number  of 
stallions  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  stallion  registration  law  has  been 
in  operation  longer  in  Illinois  and  would  therefore  be  expected  to  be 
more  accurately  enforced.  The  following  table  shows  the  number  of 
stallions,  grade  and  pure  bred,  which  have  been  registered  in  each  of 
eleven  out  of  the  fourteen  states  that  now  have  stallion  registi^tion  laws. 

Qtato  No.  No.  No.         Percent 

^^^^^  Stallions      Pure  Bred  Grade      Pure  Bred 

Iowa,  1911 : 7,866  5,461  2,405  69 

Minnesota,  1911 5,065  1,792  3,273  35 

Wisconsin,  1911 3,259  1,514  1,745  46 

Kansas,   1911    7,843  3,255  3,588  41i^ 

New  Jersey,  1911   215  121  94  56 

Pennsylvania,  1909 2,254    "  823  1,427  36 

North  Dakota,  1911   2,438  1,052  1,386  45 

South  Dakota,  July,  1912 3,217  1,588  1,629  49 

Montana,  1910 755  457  298  60 

Illinois,  1911   9,435  5,356  4,074  57 

Oregon,  1911 1,046  612  434  57 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      605 

LICENSED    STALLIONS    BY    STATES. 

By  the  above  table  we  note  that  there  is  a  wide  variation  in  the 
percentage  of  pure  bred  stallions  in  use  in  the  different  states.  Com- 
paratively few  states  can  show  50  per  cent  of  pure  bred  stallions.  This 
fact  partly  accounts  for  the  very  large  proportion  of  mediocre  horses 
that  are  found  in  the  leading  horse  markets  and  the  comparative  scarcity 
of  really  good  horses  either  of  the  draft  or  roadster  type.  The  fact  is, 
we  have  been  slow  in  recognizing  the  actual  money  returns  incident 
with  the  production  of  the  high  class  horse.  Stallions  of  desirable  breed- 
ing and  type  have  been  known  to  produce  colts  worth  $100  to  $200  more 
at  five  years  of  a^e  than  colts  from  grade,  mongrel  or  scrub  stallions 
of  poor  conformation.  It  is  true  that  Iowa  stands  at  the  head  of  the 
list  in  the  percentage  of  pure  bred  stallions  but  even  in  Iowa  that 
percentage  is  too  small.  Our  leading  markets  are  demanding  the  big 
horse  with  heavy  bone  and  good  quality.  But  a  few  days  ago  we  saw 
an  Iowa  farmer  get  $350  for  a  grade  Belgium  gelding  out  of  a  plain 
farm  mare  but  sired  by  a  very  high  class  pure  bred  stallion.  Another 
farmer  got  $160  for  a  gelding  of  the  same  age  in  practically  the  same 
condition  and  out  of  very  much  the  same  type  of  mare  but  sired  by  a 
stallion  that  weighed  at  least  300  pounds  heavier  and  showed  larger 
cleaner  bone  with  decidedly  heavier  muscles.  We  may  like  a  1200  or 
1300  pound  chunk  for  the  corn  plow  or  a  "handy  weight"  horse  to  drive 
to  town,  but  as  long  as  we  continue  to  breed  for  that  type  of  horse  we 
cannot  expect  to  make  satisfactory  profits  on  our  horses.  The  market 
pays  highest  for  the  big  horse — pays  more  than  it  costs  to  produce  him 
in  comparison  with  the  "heavy  weight"  chunk.  The  heavy  horse  is  there- 
fore the  most  economical  horse  to  produce.  The  following  table  of  prices 
at  the  various  weights  taken  from  one  of  the  leading  horse  markets  illus- 
trates this  fact. 

IGO'O  lbs $203        1800  lbs $270 

1650  lbs 216        1900  lbs 320 

1700  lbs 233        2000  lbs 400 

The  fact  is  that  even  if  we  breed  for  the  heavy  durable  type  of  drafter 
there  will  be  enough  medium  weight  horses  resulting  to  supply  all  the 
demand  for  chunks.  By  breeding  for  heavy  horses  we  may  expect  a 
larger  proportion  of  high  priced  horses  but  along  with  them  some  ordi- 
nary stuff.  If  we  breed  for  the  ordinary  horse  we  certainly  cannot  ex- 
pect to  get  the  high  priced  horse  unless  in  case  of  the  very  rare  ex- 
ception. It  is,  therefore,  to  our  interest  to  pay  particular  attention  to 
the  type  of  stallion  we  use  in  order  that  we  may  realize  a  greater  profit 
from  the  resulting  colts. 

Iowa's  premier  position  in  the  producing  of  horses  is  due  to  a  nat- 
ural fitness  for  raising  horses.  Corn,  oats  and  blue  grass  are  the  best 
horse  feeds  and  there  is  no  state  whose  soil  produces  these  crops  in 
greater  abundance.  The  Iowa  farmer  has  long  recognized  the  value 
of  live  stock  farming.  He  appreciates  more  than  any  other  farmers  of 
the  middle  west  at  least,  the  necessity  of  marketing  his  crops  through* 
his  livestock  and  thereby  retaining  a  large  per  cent  of  the  original 
fertility  of  the  soil  on  his  own  farm.    There  is  no  method  of  livestock 


606  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

farming  that  is  capable  of  producing  better  returns  than  the  raising  of 
draft  horses.  The  average  farm  horse  works  practically  one-third  of  the 
time.  Obviously  it  is  poor  economy  to  keep  a  strong  gelding  to  work 
only  one  day  out  of  three.  It  is  not  desirable  nor  possible  to  do  the 
farm  work  with  old  or  very  cheap  horses.  The  heavy  brood  mare  of 
good  type  will  work  one  day  out  of  three  to  pay  for  her  feed  and  will 
raise  a  colt  for  profit.  Truly,  it  is  a  bit  easier  to  work  a  team  of  well 
broker  geldings  than  it  is  to  handle  mares  that  have  colts  at  the  barn 
or  young  horses  that  are  not  yet  seasoned  to  hard  work.  As  far  as  that 
goes,  it  is  easier  to  sit  by  the  fire  and  read  on  a  cold  winter  day  than 
to  go  out  and  feed  the  stock.  If  mere  freedom  from  effort  is  what  we 
are  seeking  we  should  not  work  even  a  team  of  geldings.  If  rea- 
sonable returns  for  our  labor  are  what  we  want,  then  the  brood  mare 
and  her  colts  can  supply  them  far  more  satisfactorily  than  the -gelding. 
It  is  plain  then,  that  a  very  large  part  of  our  working  capital  is  in- 
vested in  horses.  It  is  also  evident  that  the  dividends  we  are  getting 
from  that  capital  could  be  much  increased  if  they  were  invested  in  better 
stallions  and  in  more  mares  and  fewer  geldings.  From  the  profit  stand- 
point the  need  of  Iowa  is  not  more  horses,  it  is  better  horses. 


FEEDING  DRAFT  COLTS. 

BY    WM.    CROWNOVER. 

(Before  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Iowa  Draft  Horse  Breeders'  Association.) 
In  my  little  talk  tonight  I  do  not  intend  to  give  you  any  special  method 
that  might  be  given  to  some  special  colt  fitted  for  some  special  show.  I 
know  that  the  average  farmer  does  not  care  for  that  and  would  not  do  it 
if  I  told  him  how,  and  as  I  can  say  a  few  things  that  I  feel  ought  to  be 
said  in  regard  to  breeding  and  management  without  interfering  with 
some  one  else's  subject  I  don't  think  I  will  stick  entirely  to  my  text.  I 
just  want  to  give  you  a  little  practical  common  sense  talk.  If  I  can  im- 
press upon  you  the  importance  of  giving  the  colts  plenty  of  feed  every 
day  that  is  in  sight  in  the  oats  bin  and  hay  mow  I  and  the  colts  both 
will  be  pleased  that  you  have  been  here. 

I  heard  Mr.  Cownie  in  one  of  his  lectures  say  that  the  best  cross  he 
could  give  a  hog  was  the  corn  crib.  It  may  be  as  truly  said  of  the  colts 
that  the  best  cross  they  can  have  is  the  oats  bin.  I  am  sorry  to  see  so 
many  farmers  who  seem  to  think  that  as  soon  as  the  foals  are  taken  off  the 
mothers  that  they  are  able  to  take  care  of  themselves,  and  will  say,  "Well 
go  and  hunt  up  what  you  can  find  to  eat  now  and  make  a  horse."  Very 
frequently  a  colt  is  worth  more  when  taken  off  the  mother  than  they  are 
as  yearlings  when  improperly  fed.  If  we  do  not  feed  the  colts  good  the 
first  year  and  make  good  yearlings  we  are  sure  to  lose  one-fourth  to  one 
half  the  value  at  maturity.  Show  me  a  good  feeder  and  I  will  show  you  a 
good  breeder,  and  a  man  that  will  pay  $25  service  fee  for  a  good  stallion. 
Show  me  a  man  that  thinks  his  grain  of  more  value  in  the  elevator  than  in 
his  stock  and  I  will  show  you  a  man  that  will  use  a  $6  scrub.    Show  me  a 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XH  607 

good  bred  horse  and  a  poor  fed  one  and  I  will  show  you  a  poor  horse. 
Show  me  a  poor  bred  one  and  a  good  fed  one  and  I  will  show  you  a  fair 
horse.  Show  me  a  good  bred  one  and  a  good  fed  one  and  I  will  show  you 
a  market  topper. 

•  Too  much  cannot  be  said  in  this  crusade  against  scrub  sires.  From 
what  I  have  seen  I  believe  that  a  lot  of  farmers  ought  to  have  a  guardian 
when  it  comes  to  live  stock  breeding.  They  seem  to  think  that  a  few  dol- 
lars saved  in  the  breeding  end  of  the  transaction  is  money  made.  They 
seem  to  loose  sight  of  the  selling  end  where  the  values  are  at  least  50 
to  100  per  cent  more  from  good  pure  bred  sires  than  from  scrubs.  I  call 
such  methods  five  cents  wise  and  five  dollars  foolish.  What  man  is  there 
contemplating  building  a  skyscraper  that  does  not  give  due  consideration 
to  the  foundation  and  the  material  entered  in  the  construction.  It  is 
just  as  important  to  have  the  best  of  feet,  pasterns,  and  joints  with  a 
heavy,  flat,  clean,  hard,  flinty  bone  in  the  horse  and  when  you  get  such  a 
foundation  you  can  build  on  the  top  just  as  large  as  you  like. 

I  am  sorry  to  see  farmers  neglecting  the  feed  and  fit  their  horses  for 
market.  They  feed  their  beef  and  dairy  cattle,  their  hogs  and  sheep, 
that  they  may  receive  top  prices,  but  the  horse  is  sold  neglected  and 
thin,  his  hair  standing  up  and  rough  as  he  can  be. 

Now  there  is  no  animal  that  will  pay  better  to  feed  and  fit  for  market 
than  the  horse  and  the  farmers  of  Iowa  are  losing  $100  to  $150  on  every 
horse  so  neglected.  There  are  just  two  things  that  are  sure  to  bring  suc- 
cess or  failure  in  draft  horse  breeding,  namely — breeding  and  feeding. 
The  one  is  just  as  important  as  the  other.  Either  one  of  them  properly 
handled  and  the  other  neglected  means  failure. 

Then  how  and  when  shall  we  begin  to  feed  these  colts?  I  worked  for 
a  man  one  time  who  raised  his  horses  as  scavengers  and  on  the  first  of 
March  as  the  colts  were  nearing  three  years  old  he  would  say,  "Boys, 
you  had  better  get  these  colts  in  the  barn  and  feed  them  a  little  corn  and 
break  them  to  hitch  as  we  will  have  to  work  them  this  spring."  How  im- 
proper is  such  management.  How  many  do  nearly  the  same  thing.  But 
I  am  thankful  that  we  are  advancing  from  such  methods.  Instead  of 
waiting  until  the  colt  is  nearing  maturity  before  we  begin  to  feed  let  us 
begin  at  the  proper  time.  Say  eleven  months  before  it  is  born,  give  this 
good  mother  who  is  expected  often  to  do  her  day's  work  in  the  field  and 
nourish  her  own  life,  the  life  of  her  baby  foal,  and  the  life  of  the  unborn 
making  in  all  three  lives  to  nourish,  give  her  some  healthy  feed.  Do 
not  neglect  her,  give  her  plenty  of  bone,  muscle  and  milk  producing  rood, 
such  as  oats,  bran,  alfalfa  meal,  some  nice  clover  hay,  raise  a  small  patch 
of  sugar  cane  for  winter  feed.  They  enjoy  it,  so  much.  There  is  no  better 
or  cheaper  feed  to  raise  than  cane.  A  good  piece  of  land  will  produce 
eight  to  ten  tons  per  acre  and  there  is  not  a  pound  of  waste.  They  will 
eat  every  stalk  clean  and  the  larger  the  stalk  the  better  they  like  it. 

In  the  winter  time  turn  the  prospective  mother  out  in  the  fields  every 
day  for  exercise.  She  needs  it  and  enjoys  it  in  any  weather  except  a  cold 
rain  or  sleet  storm.  Don't  expect  her  to  break  the  roads  through  the 
snow  banks,  nor  do  the  heavy  hauling  in  the  muddy  spring-time  roads.  If 
you  do  you  are  sure  to  have  some  fatalities.    I  keep  a  pair  of  heavy  geld- 


608  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

ings  on  the  farm  for  no  other  purpose  than  to  take  the  hard  places  off  from 
the  brood  mares  and  I  have  found  it  very  profitable.  Give  her  her  box 
stall  intended  for  foaling  at  least  a  month  before  she  is  due.  This  allows 
her  to  get  accustomed  to  the  change  in  temperature  that  sometimes  exists 
between  the  farm  stable  and  the  box  used  for  foaling  mares.  There  is 
often  great  risk  of  both  mother  and  offspring  taking  a  cold  when  the 
mare  is  kept  in  a  warm  stable  up  to  foaling  and  then  turned  into  a 
draughty  box  stall  where  it  is  much  colder.  Foals  will  usually  stand  as 
much  exposure  as  the  mare  has  been  accustomed  to.  For  instance,  a 
foal  from  a  mare  that  has  been  wintered  outside  will  bear  an  amount  of 
exposure  that  would  soon  kill  one  from  a  mare  that  has  been  accustomed 
to  a  warm  stable. 

After  the  mare  has  foaled  it  is  best  to  leave  her  and  the  foal  to  them- 
selves. If  the  foal  is  strong  he  will  get  on  his  legs  and  nurse  without 
help.  Too  much  interference  often  makes  the  mare  restless  and  prevents 
her  from  letting  the  foal  nurse.  Foals  during  the  first  few  days  require 
a  good  deal  of  attention.  One  great  evil  is  when  foals  get  costive,  and  de- 
ranged internally.  This  may  be  avoided  in  a  great  measure  by  a  laxative 
food,  such  as  a  warm  bran  mash  which  will  have  the  effect  of  keeping  the 
foal  laxative  also.  But  where  mares  can  get  green  fresh  grass  or  have 
been  fed  laxative  food  little  doctoring  is  required.  More  harm  than  good 
is  often  done  by  treating  the  foals.  It  is  best  to  treat  the  mare  and  not 
the  offspring.  It  sometimes  happens  that  the  flow  of  milk  is  greater  than 
the  foal  can  take.  In  such  cases  it  is  well  to  draw  from  the  udder  two  or 
three  times  a  day  until  the  foal  is  able  to  take  care  of  it  all.  If  it  is  al- 
lowed to  remain  in  the  udder  it  becomes  unwholesome  and  liable  to  de- 
range the  foal  internally.  But  as  soon  as  the  foal  is  well  under  way  and 
able  to  take  all  the  milk  the  mare  gives,  means  should  be  taken  to  increase 
the  quantity  as  well  as  the  quality  of  the  milk.  Oats  with  bran  or  alfalfa 
meal  and  other  green  feeds  will  produce  the  desired  result.  If  the  weather 
is  warm  in  April  and  the  fore  part  of  May  turn  the  mare  out  on  grass 
after  the  cold  dew  is  off  and  the  sun  is  shining.  Young  animals  derive 
great  strength  and  benefit  from  sunshine.  Of  course  in  the  extreme  heat 
of  the  last  days  of  June  and  July  this  treatment  must  be  reversed.  Keep 
the  very  young  foal  in  from  the  extreme  heat  of  the  day.  Pardon  me 
for  saying  so  much  about  colt  management  and  feeding  in  early  stages  but 
I  have  learned  from  experience  that  the  most  critical  period  in  all  the 
colt's  life  that  the  feeder  has  to  contend  with  in  rearing  the  colt,  is  from 
birth  to  four  weeks  old. 

Mares  should  have  at  least  fourteen  days  rest  from  work  after  foaling 
and  if  farm  operations  will  admit,  longer.  When  the  mares  are  put  to 
work  they  should  be  used  only  a  few  hours  at  first,  and  the  time  gradually 
increased.  Anyone  who  has  watched  a  mare  and  foal  will  know  what  a 
great  number  of  times  the  latter  will  nurse  in  an  hour.  It  is  therefore 
very  unreasonable  to  take  a  mare  away  from  a  very  young  foal  and  work 
her  a  half  day  without  allowing  it  to  nurse.  When  they  get  older  and 
can  take  some  nourishment  it  is  different.  I  do  not  work  my  mares  after 
foaling  if  I  can  possibly  avoid  it  for  I  know  that  the  mare  that  is  being 
worked  cannot  possibly  have  the  amount  of  nutrition  to  spare  for  the 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      609 

foal  that  she  should  have  if  idle.  If  a  mare  gets  heated  when  at  work 
she  should  not  be  allowed  to  nurse  the  foal  until  she  has  cooled  down, 
and  has  some  of  the  surplus  milk  that  has  remained  tgo  long  in  the  udder 
to  be  good  for  the  foal  drawn  from  her.  This  is  the  general  cause  for 
scours  which  sets  the  colt  back  and  is  fatal  if  it  becomes  of  a  chronic 
nature. 

To  raise  horses  successfully  and  profitably  they  should  be  constantly 
kept  improving.  The  raising  of  young  stock  may  be  compared  to  the 
progression  of  a  railway  train.  We  all  know  what  a  tedious  thing  it  is 
to  travel  a  long  journey  by  rail  v/hen  the  stops  are  numerous  and  we 
grumble  at  the  time  wasted.  It  is  not  only  the  length  of  time  the  train 
stops,  but  the  time  it  takes  before  it  can  be  got  properly  on  to  speed  again. 
The  same  way  with  the  colt,  if  by  neglecting  to  supply  suitable  food  or  by 
mismanagement  you  .allow  the  animal  to  come  to  a  standstill  in  its  growth 
and  condition  it  will  very  often  take  a  couple  of  months  ,^6od  feeding  be- 
fore any  apparent  improvement  in  condition  is  made.  **This  is  a  serious 
loss  of  time  and  food  which  means  a  pecuniary  loss  to  the  owner,  whereas 
if  sufficient  food  is  supplied  to  keep  the  colt  constantly  improving  you  will 
have  a  good  return  for  the  quantity  consumed.  To  keep  colts  constantly 
improving  must  be  the  result  constantly  aimed  at. 

The  best  means  to  secure  this  improvement  must  next  be  considered. 
Size,  bone  and  muscle  are  the  three  things  necessary  for  a  draft  horse  to 
possess.  They  can  only  be  obtained  by  proper  breeding  and  feeding  of 
food  suited  for  their  conformation  and  by  exercise.  Generally  when  the 
colts  are  three  weeks  old  they  will  begin  to  nibble  a  little  oats  or  bran. 
Encourage  them  by  having  a  few  nice  sweet  crushed  oats  in  your  pocket 
and  when  you  go  in  the  stall  or  pasture  scratch  them  on  the  back  with 
one  hand  and  let  them  eat  the  oats  out  of  the  other.  It  will  only  be  a 
short  time  until  they  will  be  looking  for  you.  I  want  to  say  that  kind- 
ness is  one  of  the  best  foods  that  can  be  mixed  with  the  ration.  A  sulky 
groom  that  is  always  kicking  the  animal  out  of  his  way  is  not  fit  to  feed 
anything  and  must  not  be  tolerated.  Provide  a  little  box  in  the  stall  or 
pasture  and  while  you  feed  the  mother  don't  forget  to  have  a  little  pan 
for  the  foals.  I  would  not  advise  buying  alfalfa  meal  or  bran  for  a  ration. 
When  the  mares  and  colts  are  en  good  pasture  they  do  very  well  on  oats 
alone.  Before  weaning  time  mix  a  little  alfalfa  meal  with  their  oats  and 
get  them  started  on  full  feed.  Then  when  they  are  taken  off  the  mother 
they  will  go  on  and  grow  and  keep  their  flesh. 

In  the  winter  time  give  them  plenty  of  clover  hay  if  you  can  get  it, 
or  cane.  Keep  up  the  ration  of  oats  and  alfalfa  meal  and  a  small  amount 
of  corn  will  do  good.  Let  them  out  every  day  for  they  must  have  exercise 
to  develop  their  feet  and  muscles.  They  will  roll  in  the  snow  banks  and 
enjoy  it.  The  next  spring  j^ou  will  have  colts  at  twelve  months  old  weigh- 
ing close  to  twelve  hundred  pounds  and  better,  and  you  are  now  well  on 
the  way  to  make  a  good  draft  horse.  When  the  yearlings  go  on  grass  give 
them  a  ration  of  three  or  four  quarts  of  oats  tv/ice  a  day,  and  when  the 
heat  and  flies  are  bad  increase  the  ration  a  couple  of  quarts  a  day.  When 
winter  comes  again  duplicate  the  ration  you  used  before  only  increase  as 

39 


610  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

the  case  may  require.  You  can  with  good  results  at  this  time  increase 
the  corn  and  alfalfa  and  cut  down  some  on  the  oats.  The  alfalfa  will 
balance  the  corn.  Try  alfalfa  meal  mixed  with  40  per  cent  molasses.  It 
is  the  best  appetizer,  conditioner,  laxative  and  bone  and  muscle  builder 
with  other  grains  there  is.  It  is  cheaper  than  bran  and  of  far  more  value 
as  a  horse  feed.  There  is  no  fixed  rule  as  to  the  numbei*  of  pounds  of 
grain  or  hay  that  will  apply  to  every  horse  or  colt.  The  feeder  must  use 
judgment  as  not  every  horse  feeds  alike  and  does  not  require  the  same 
mixed  ration.  For  instance  if  I  had  a  big  rough  raw  boned  colt  I  would 
feed  a  heavy  ration  of  corn  and  get  a  top  on  as  soon  as  possible.  It  is 
wonderful  how  the  digestive  organs  of  the  horse  can  be  developed  by 
proper  and  gradual  feeding,  and  there  is  no  animal  that  will  make  more 
gain  for  the  grain  consumed  than  the  horse.  It  is  common  for  a  good 
feeder  to  put  on  from  six  to  twelve  pounds  a  day.  Good  horse  flesh  is 
selling  from  twelve  to  twenty-four  cents  per  pound  on  the  open  market 
and  a  few  extra  individuals  much  higher. 

Should  we  not  then  pay  more  attention  to  the  proper  feeding  of  our 
horses  and  send  them  to  market  as  a  finished  product.  We  can  raise  here 
in  Iowa  all  the  necessary  feed  and  can  develop  as  good  a  horse  as  any 
country  in  the  world  can  produce,  and  there  is  no  one  can  finish  them  for 
market  cheaper  than  the  farmer.  Then  why  continue  sending  our  big 
colts  and  our  feed  all  raised  on  our  own  farms  down  to  the  eastern  feeders 
and  finished  by  them  at  a  good  profit  and  go  on  the  eastern  market  to  be 
as  a  product  of  their  state.  We  have  all  the  raw  materials  so  let  us  send 
it  to  market  in  a  finished  form  and  have  it  stamped  "Made  in  Iowa." 

CO-OPERATION  AMONG  FRUIT  GROWERS. 

(Farmers'  Bulletin  522,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.) 
Developing  methods  of  production  and  distribution  of  agricultural  prod- 
ucts along  purely  economic  lines  is  of  comparatively  recent  origin,  most 
attention  having  been  given  possibly  to  the  side  of  production.  However 
important  it  may  be  to  be  able  to  grow  crops  in  large  quantities  or  of 
particular  qualities  at  a  minimum  cost,  it  is  equally  important  to  be  able 
to  dispose  of  them  in  the  most  economical  way  and  to  the  best  possible 
advantage,  for  frequently  the  easiest  and  largest  profits  in  any  business 
are  those  made  through  methods  oil  handling,  marketing,  and  distribution; 
and  it  is  here  that  judgment  based  upon  economic  principles  must  be 
exercised  and  careful  dealing  resorted  to  if  the  highest  returns  are  to  be 
realized. 

A  common  method  of  disposing  of  the  crop  is  by  selling  directly  to  re- 
tailers, which  has  proved  successful  in  some  instances  by  choosing  only 
one  dealer  in  a  place  and  putting  nothing  but  first  class  material  on  the 
market.  The  most  usual  method  of  disposing  of  fruit  crops,  as  contrasted 
with  selling  other  farm  products,  is  through  commission  merchants.  This 
arrangement,  however,  has  not  proved  entirely  satisfactory,  the  reasons 
for  which  are  attributed  partly  to  the  system,  partly  to  the  middleman, 
ancl  partly  to  the  producer,  the  middleman  always  looking  out  for  his  in- 
dividual interest,  taking  advantage  frequently  of  the  producer's  ignorance 
of  marketing  and   market   conditions,   while   the   producer   in   many   in- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      611 

stances  performs  his  part  of  the  transaction  in  a  careless,  indifferent 
or  haphazard  way.  The  business  is  conducted  on  the  plan  that  if  there 
is  any  profit  it  belongs  to  the  commission  man;  and  if  any  loss,  it  goes 
to  the  producer.  This  frequently  invites  dishonesty,  and  much  swindling? 
has  brought  commission  men  as  a  class  into  disfavor  and  sometimes  un- 
justly. 

Selling  through  co-operative  associations,  which  is  more  largely  prac- 
ticed by  the  fruit  growers  of  the  west  than  any  other  section  of  the 
United  States,  has  proven  successful  just  in  proportion  as  the  members 
have  followed  the  rules,  regulations  and  instructions  of  such  associations, 
which  in  many  cases  has  been  done  with  very  gratifying  re'sults.  In  ad- 
dition to  returning  profits  to  the  producer,  which  formerly  went  to  a 
number  of  middlemen,  co-operation  has  taught  the  grower  the  economic 
value  of  a  first-class  product;  the  economic  importance  of  picking,  pack- 
ing and  handling  his  produce;  and  fair  dealing  with  the  purchaser  and 
public. 

W.  H.  Chandler,  of  the  Missouri  Experiment  Station,  who  has  secured 
information  from  quite  a  large  number  of  co-operative  associations  re- 
garding their  methods  of. distribution  and  marketing  fruit,  points  out  that 
the  growth  of  the  co-operative  movement  among  fruit  growers  in  the 
United  States  has  been  very  rapid  during  the  past  ten  years,  even  sur- 
passing the  expectation  of  the  most  sanguine  and  best  informed  men  in- 
terested in  the  fruit  business.  A  number  of  failures  among  the  organiza- 
tions, hov/ever,  are  reported. 

From  the  reports  of  a  number  of  successful  associations  submitted  to 
the  station  it  is  shown  that  co-operation  enables  growers  to  make  use  of 
a  number  of  better  business  methods.  (1)  By  enabling  them,  through 
their  manager  or  representative,  to  meet  on  equal  terms  the  men  with 
whom  they  deal.  Their  representative,  thoroughly  understanding  the 
markets,  "with  all  the  growers  and  a  good  pack  behind  him  controls  a 
business  that  demands  respect,  and  he  should  generally  be  able  to  set  the 
price."  It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that  co-operation  is  not  for  the 
purpose  of  creating  a  monopoly  or  forcing  unnatural  prices  for  the  prod- 
uct. (2)  It  frequently  brings  about  or  forces  track  selling,  which  in  the 
opinion  of  some  brings  better  results  than  consigning,  one  association  re- 
porting that  for  272  cars  consigned  it  received  an  average  of  $1  per  crate 
and  for  288  cars  sold  on  track  $1.66  per  crate.  (3)  Wholesale  dealing  is 
made  possible,  not  only  in  selling  farm  products  but  in  buying  anything 
the  grower  needs,  especially  packing  materials,  spraying  materials,  fer- 
tilizers, and  the  like.  (4)  Because  of  the  larger  business  it  controls  the 
association  is  likely  to  get  better  service  from  the  railroads,  cold-storage 
plants,  etc.  "Then  it  is  in  a  position  to  secure  adjustments  with  the  rail- 
roads and  other  large  concerns  on  points  of  disagreement,  when  the  cost 
of  litigation  would  make  such  adjustments  impossible  with  the  small 
grower."  (5)  Men  of  better  business  ability  than  the  average  grower 
can  be  secured  to  manage  the  association,  which  means  much  in  the  eco- 
nomic disposition,  of  a  fruit  crop  or  most  any  other  crop,  for  many  of  the 
best  growers,  who  understand  their  trees  and  the  methods  of  care  the 


612  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

best,  are  not  the  best  adapted  to  deal  with  men  and  markets  and  market 
conditions. 

Co-operation  further  enables  growers  to  make  use  of  fruits  grown  in 
small  quantities,  which  are  often  wasted  because  no  man  has  enough  to 
sell  to  advantage.  With  co-operation  a  car  could  often  be  loaded  and  the 
fruit  used  to  some  advantage  to  each  grower,  carload  lots  being  considered 
the  economic  unit  of  shipment.  It  secures  better  equipment  for  handling 
a  crop  in  a  section,  as  disorganized  sections  are  less  likely  to  have  the 
necessary  cold  storage,  precooling  and  other  equipment  for  the  best 
handling  of  a  fruit  crop.  In  addition  to  the  benefits  of  co-operation 
already  mentioned,  Mr.  Chav.dler  notes  the  following:  (1)  The  crop  may 
be  distributed  so  as  to  prevent  gluts  in  the  market;  (2)  it  enables  the 
growers  to  establish  a  brand  that  will  be  known  in  the  markets  and  will 
thus  insure  better  prices;  (3)  it  insures  better  care  of  the  orchards;  and 
(4)   in  nearly  all  cases  it  results  in  greater  stability  of  the  industry. 

Among  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  co-operation  are: 

(1)  The  fact  that  independent  growers  who  do  not  help  support  the 
association  get  many  of  the  benefits  received  by  the  members  without 
paying  for  them.  This  will  be  evident  when  it  is  considered  that  one  of 
the  greatest  functions  of  co-operation  is  proper  distribution;  and  if  the 
association  keeps  fruit,  for  example,  out  of  the  way,  there  is  little  danger 
of  the  independent  grower's  fruit  going  into  a  glutted  market;  conse- 
quently he  will  get  nearly  as  good,  if  not  as  good,  prices  as  members. 
This  being  true,  independent  growers  will  be  slow  to  join  the  association, 
and  members  seeing  independents  doing  as  well  as  they,  w^ithout  having 
to  pay  their  share  toward  the  support  of  the  association,  may  tend  to 
drop  out. 

(2)  The  difficulty  of  keeping  the  quality  of  the  goods  handled  by  the 
association  as  high  as  the  quality  of  goods  that  would  be  handled  by  the 
best  growers  working  independently. 

(3)  Crop  failures  that  get  the  association  out  of  working  order  on 
off  years. 

(4)  A  spirit  of  envy  and  lack  of  confidence  and  support  of  the  man- 
agers by  the  members. 

Another  impediment  in  the  growth  of  co-operation  which  might  have 
been  noted  is  the  difficulty  of  securing  funds  to  finance  the  production 
and  marketing  of  the  crop  in  the  way  prescribed  by  the  association.  How- 
ever, it  is  possible  to  meet  this  difficulty  by  carrying  the  principle  of  co- 
operation a  step  further  and  securing  loans  through  a  system  of  co-opera- 
tive credit,  which  has  done  much  for  European  farmers  toward  solving 
economic  problems  of  the  farm  and  community.  Mr.  Charles  Douglas,  of 
Scotland,  as  quoted  in  a  bulletin  of  the  Missouri  station,  says: 

"The  greatest  practical  obstacle  in  the  way  of  agricultural  organization 
is  generally  the  difficulty  of  finance.  A  very  large  number  of  those  who 
might  benefit  most  by  co-operation  are  prevented  from  taking  advantage 
of  it  because  they  deal  on  long  credit  with  the  merchants  who  supply 
them.  It  is  this  fact  which  has  chiefly  led  to  the  development  of  co-opera- 
tive credit  as  an  essential  adjunct  to  co-operative  purchase.     *     *     * 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  613 

"The  fundamental  idea  of  the  Raffeisen  banks,  which  are  the  general 
model  for  co-operative  credit  in  agriculture,  is  that  the  farmers  in  a  small 
area  should  combine  to  find  credit  for  one  another.  They  provide  loans 
for  approved  reproductive  purposes;  and  the  banks  rely  for  their  success 
on  the  knowledge  which  their  members  and  managers  have  of  local  cir- 
cumstances and  of  the  character  of  the  applicants,  as  well  as  on  the  fact 
that  each  member,  being  implicated  with  every  transaction,  has  an  inter- 
est in  seeing  that  loans  are  only  made  for  suitable  purposes  and  to  re- 
liable persons.  It  is  an  interesting  corroboration  of  the  soundness  of  this 
principle  that  these  banks  do  not  in  practice  have  any  bad  debts,  poth 
in  Germany  and  in  Italy  the  banks  are  closely  associated  with  purchasing 
societies,  so  that  the  borrower  has  the  advantage  not  only  of  credit  on 
reasonable  terms,  but  also  of  co-operative  purchase  and  of  the  advice  and 
guidance  of  those  by  whom  the  loan  is  sanctioned. 

"Regarding  the  secondary  results  brought  about  by  co-operative  action, 
it  may  be  said  that  they  are  several  in  number  and  decidedly  far  reach- 
ing in  their  effects.  Increased  crops  and  increased  prices  spell,  of  course, 
larger  incomes  and  larger  profits,  the  influence  of  which  stimulates  and 
revives  rural  life  on  its  social  no  less  than  on  its  economic  side.  Public 
schools,  country  churches,  other  public  institutions,  and  general  rural 
life  are  apparently  made  better,  all  of  which  tends  to  check  the  drift  of 
rural  population  to  towns  and  cities." 


TILE  DRAINAGE— ITS  EFFECT  ON  CROPS. 

S.    F.    SPARKS,    WALKER,    IOWA. 

(Read  at  the  Twenty-Seventh  Annual  Session  of  the  Northwest  Division 
of  the  Linn  County  Farmers'   Institute,   December  19,   1912.) 

When  our  forefathers  landed  upon  the  shores  of  this  country  whether 
at  Salem,  at  Jamestown  or  St.  Augustine,  they  found  this  country  peopled 
with  a  hardy  race  of  mankind,  splendid  as  types  of  human  beings, 
unsurpassed  the  world  over,  who  in  their  savagery  had  worked  out  a 
form  of  semi-civilization.  They  had  a  form  of  government.  They  tilled 
the  soil.  They  conserved  their  food  supplies.  They  built  tov/ns  and 
villages.    Let  us  read  what  Col.  Roosevelt  says  about  the  Creeks: 

"Bears  had  been  exceedingly  abundant  at  one  time,  so  much  so  as  to 
become  one  of  the  main  props  of  the  Creek  larder,  furnishing  flesh,  fat, 
and  especially  oil  for  cooking  and  other  purposes;  and  so  valued  were 
they  that  the  Indians  hit  upon  the  novel  plan  of  preserving  them, 
exactly  as  Europeans  preserve  deer  and  pheasants.  Each  town  put 
aside  a  great  tract  of  land  which  was  known  as  'The  beloved  bear  ground,' 
where  the  persimmons,  haws,  chestnuts,  muscadines  and  fox  grapes 
abounded  and  let  the  bears  dwell  there  unmolested,  except  at  certain 
seasons,  when  they  were  killed  in  large  numbers.  However  cattle  were 
found  to  be  more  profitable  than  bears  and  the  'beloved  bear  grounds' 
were  by  degrees  changed  into  stock  ranges. 

"Many  of  the  chiefs  owned  droves  of  horses  and  long  horned  cattle, 
sometimes  as  many  as  500  head— besides  hogs  and  poultry.    Their  fields 


614  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

of  rice,  corn,  tobacco,  beans  and  potatoes  were  sometimes  rudely  fenced 
in  with  split  liickory  poles. 

"For  food  they  used  all  these  vegetables,  as  well  as  beef  and  pork 
and  venison  stewed  in  bear's  oil;  they  had  hominy  and  corn-cakes,  and 
a  cool  drink  made  from  honey  and  water,  besides  another  made  from 
fermented  corn,  which  tasted  much  like  cider. 

"They  sifted  their  flower  in  wicker-work  sieves,  and  baked  the  bread 
on  broad,  thin  stones— moreover,  they  gathered  the  wild  fruits,  straw- 
berries, grapes,  and  plums,  in  their  seasons,  and  out  of  the  hickory 
nuts  made  a  thick,  oily  paste,  called  hickory  milk. 

"They  spun  the  coarse  wool  of  the  buffalo  into  blankets,  which  they 
trimmed  with  beads.  They  wove  the  wild  hemp  in  frames  and  shuttles. 
They  made  their  own  saddles.  In  summer  they  wore  buckskin  shirts 
and  breech  clouts;  in  the  winter  they  were  clad  in  the  fur  of  the  bear 
and  wolf  or  of  the  shaggy  buffalo." 

We  read  so  much  in  our  histories  about  the  Indian  on  the  warpath 
and  so  little  about  his  domestic  life  and  struggles  for  food,  that  a 
glimpse'  at  this  latter  side  of  his  life  is  very  refreshing. 

The  story  of  the  American  Indian  is  the  story  of  all  peoples  of  the 
earth  since  the  angel  at  God's  command  led  our  first  parents  out  of 
the  garden  of  Eden  and  shut  the  gate— and  the  decree  went  forth,  "In 
the  sweat  of  thy  face  shalt  thou  eat  bread,  till  thou  return  unto  the 
ground." 

Our  early  pioneers  were  men  and  women  of  strong,  vigorous  bodies 
and  they  produced  large  families  and  these  with  the  stream  of  immi- 
grants from  over  the  seas  soon  filled  up  the  seaboard  land,  and  the  rest- 
less pioneer  unused  to  close  communities  and  imbued  with  the  free- 
dom of  the  Indian  life  turned  longing  eyes  toward  the  land  of  the 
setting  sun.  He  stood  and  looked  at  the  "great  blue  wall"  that  as  a 
barrier  obstructed  his  progress  towards  the  lands  to  the  westward  and 
dreamed  of  their  fertility  and  their  beauty  and  their  abundance  of  game. 
George  Rogers  Clark,  Daniel  Boone,  Nollichucky  Jack  Sevier,  Hen- 
derson and  Harrod — along  with  other  pioneer  heroes  blazed  a  way  through 
the  "Blue  W^all,"  led  forth  a  stream  of  hardy  settlers,  w^ith  their  wives 
and  children  into  the  new  garden  of  Eden — the  blue  grass  country  of 
Kane  and  turkey — of  deer  and  buffalo — and  here  amid  hardships — 
almost  unbelievable  by  this  generation — where  every  step  of  their 
progress  was  contested  by  the  Indian  they  laid  the  foundations  for  the 
great  commonwealth   of  Kentucky. 

From  time  to  time  there  drifted  into  this  land  the  refuse,  cast  off 
by  the  older  colonies.  However  they  got  their  share  of  their  best  stock 
along  with  these.  At  times  whole  churches  marched  singing  into  the 
forts.  The  preacher  leading  and  thanking  God  loudly  that  He  had 
delivered  them  from  the  wilderness  and  the  savage. 

These  earlier  pioneers  were  no  husbandmen.  They  were  the  scouts, 
the  advance  guards  of  civilization,  not  the  tillers  of  the  soil  nor  lovers 
of  close  communities,  and  as  the  land  filled  with  settlers,  farther  and 
farther  they  went  afield  for  game  and  always  grumbled  sorely  against 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  615 

this  horde   which   had   driven  the  deer  from   his  cover   and  the  buffalo 
from  his  wallow. 

They  looked  upon  this  horde  of  immigrants  as  the  Indian  had  looked 
upon  themselves,  as  interlopers  upon  their  food  supply.  However,  they 
did  not  resent  it  in  the  same  manner  as  did  the  Indian.  To  the  north- 
ward beyond  the  Ohio,  to  the  westward  beyond  the  Father  of  Waters  lay 
untold  hills  and  valleys  dotted  with  buffalo  and  deer  and  elk,  and  once 
more  the  pioneer  treked  only  to  be  followed  by  swarms  and  swarms 
of  energetic,  progressive,  pushing  people — into  Missouri  and  Kansas, 
Iowa,  Nebraska  and  the  Dakotas — on  and  on  and  on  until  checked  by  the 
shores  of  the  mighty  Pacific.  Such  is  a  brief  outline  of  the  settlement 
of  this  very  land  we  call  our  beautiful  Iowa. 

For  what  were  all  these  people  braving  all  these  dangers?  They  were 
in  search  of  food.  The  most  serious  question  that  confronts  the  physi- 
cal man  in  all  ages  is  the  food  question — Where  shall  I  get  my  daily 
bread?  Not,  where  shall  I  get  my  yearly  suit  of  clothes? — but,  where 
shall  I  get  my  daily  bread? 

Through  the  purpose  and  the  mercy  of  God  the  Indian  was  placed 
in  this  country — how  and  when  I  know  not.  But  this  was  his  country, 
and  it  was  and  is  an  exceedingly  good  land.  But  he  has  never  proved 
himself  worthy  of  this  land.  His  opportunities  were  indeed  rare  and 
his  responsibilities  exceedingly  great,  but  he  was  never  equal  to  his 
opportunities  nor  arose  to  his  responsibilities.  His  country  was  destined 
to  become  the  feeding  ground  of  100,000,000  of  people  and  perhaps  two 
or  even  30'0,000,000.  In  fact  we  know  not  what  the  future  holds  for  this 
country — but  we  know  the  Indian  was  not  equal  to  his  opportunity.  He 
has  never  made  much  of  a  success  in  causing  two  blades  of  grass  to 
grow  where  only  one  grew  before.  He  has  never  succeeded  in  breeding 
a  better  grade  of  cattle  or  hogs  or  horses.  He  has  never  been  able  to 
appreciate  his  birthright — but  has  wasted  this  good  land  and  God  has 
supplanted  him  and  has  given  his  birthright  into  our  hands  and  the  great- 
est proposition  before  the  people  of  this  United  States  of  America  today 
is,  where  shall  we  secure  food — not  for  our  immediate  use — to  feed  our 
100,000,000  of  people.  But  where  shall  we  and  our  successors  secure  the 
food  with  which  to  feed  the  unnumbered  millions,  that  he  who  stands 
upon  the  mountain  top  and  looks  into  the  future  can  see  peopleing  our 
country  from  ocean  to  ocean  and  from  lakes  to  gulf. 

I  venture  the  assertion  that  our  increase  in  agricultural  products  has 
not  and  and  is  not  keeping  pace  with  our  increase  in  population.  And 
since  our  corn  land  has  all  come  under  cultivation,  the  irrigated  land 
of  the  v/est  does  not  produce  corn,  the  question  is,  how  are  we  to  pro- 
duce the  excess  of  corn  that  is  to  go  towards  making  and  finishing  the 
excess  of  pork  and  beef  to  feed  the  immediate  future  increase  in  pop- 
ulation? I  need  not  call  your  attention  the  great  hue  and  cry  that  has 
already  gone  up  from  all  over  the  eastern  parts  of  our  country  and  the 
countries  of  Europe  concerning  the  excessive  high  price  of  food  stuff. 
The  future  does  not  promise  any  lowering  of  the  price,  and  unless  we 
producers  can  increase  the  yield  per  acre  of  our  cereals,  the  problem 
in  the  near   future  will  become   a  serious  one. 


616  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Take  a  compass,  place  one  leg  upon  Ottumwa,  Iowa,  and  with  the 
other  leg  describe  a  circle,  passing  through  Salem,  South  Dakota, 
Wichita,  Kansas,  and  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  and  you  have  circumscribed 
all  the  real  good  corn  producing  land  in  the  non-commercial  fertilized  corn 
area  in  the  United  States,  that  need  td  be  considered  as  producing 
an  amount  of  corn  in  excess  of  local  needs.  The  burden  of  producing  the 
excess  of  corn  for  the  needs  of  this  nation  rest  upon  the  farmers  of  this 
small  territory. 

The  question  for  the  statesman  farmer  should  not  be,  "How  much 
higher  price  can  I  get  for  my  corn?" — for  the  consumer  pays  enough 
now.  Nor  should  he  ask,  "How  may  I  increase  my  acreage?"  For  the 
problem  that  confronts  us  now  in  our  farm  operations  is  to  secure 
efficient  help  to  till  our  present  acreage — but  the  legitimate  statesman- 
like question  is,  "How  may  I  increase  the  yield  per  acre?" 

I  believe  theoretically  and  experimentally  that  one  of  the  funda- 
mentals in  the  increasing  the  yield  per  acre  of  our  cereals  and  grasses 
is  the  proper  underdrainage  of  our  farm  lands.  When  I  came  to  this 
locality  six  years  ago  there  was  but  one  farm  between  the  Fairchild 
corner  and  six  or  eight  miles  south  that  had  any  tile  drainage  upon  it  and 
that  one  farm  was  the  one  owned  by  N.  J.  Zabokrtsky.  Since  then  Mr. 
Henry  and  John  Fairchild,  John  Simanek,  Nickloo  Zaborkrtsky,  Robinson 
and  Sparks,  Martin  and  Jacob  Kozina,  John  and  Jacob  Lala  have  each 
been  doing  more  or  less  tiling  and  any  one  who  is  in  any  manner  fa- 
miliar with  conditions  past  and  present  upon  these  farms  cannot  help 
knowing  that  underdraining  of  these  farms  has  been  a  decided  advan- 
tage to  the  operator  of  each  from  the  standpoint  of  profit  and  in  pleasure 
in  operating  them. 

Take  for  instance  John  Fairchild's  field.  Heretofore  he  has  raised 
some  corn  upon  this  field,  but  I  have  never  seen  such  healthy  looking 
stalks,  nor  such  large  ears  as  grew  this  season  upon  this  land  that  he 
recently  tiled  out. 

The  same  is  true  of  Henry  Fairchild's  field  just  across  the  road 
and  in  a  more  marked  degree  is  it  true  of  John  Limarek's  field.  These 
men  have  caused  two  ears  of  corn  to  grow  where  only  one  little  soft  nub- 
bin grew  before. 

Mr.  Zabokrsky  has  had  the  most  of  his  farm  tiled  out  for  so  long  and 
has  been  raising  such  abundant  crops  of  corn  and  oats  for  years  and 
years  that  it  is  difiicult  to  make  a  comparison  with  the  crops  of  the  past 
two  seasons. 

Allow  me  to  say  that  when  any  man  in  this  locality  raises  more 
bushels,  and  as  of  good  quality  of  oats  and  corn  to  the  acre,  than  Mr.  Nick 
does — that  man  is  entitled  to  consider  himself  a  successful  farmer  indeed. 

I  have  endeavored  to  be  a  better  farmer  than  Nick.  To  raise  better 
crops  than  he.  Sometimes  I  have  been  successful  in  my  endeavor  and 
sometimes  otherwise.  This  year  he  beat  me  raising  oats.  I  don't  believe 
he  did  so  on  corn. 

I  can  not  speak  advantageously  upon  this  subject  further  without  mak- 
ing reference  to  my  personal  experience.  You  people  that  were  familiar 
with  the  conditions  know  that  when  I  took  possession  of  the  farm  I  have 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  617 

lived  upon  the  past  six  years,  that  the  prior  owner  made  no  attempt  to 
farm  other  than  the  high  land.  He  used  what  was  known  all  over  this 
locality  as  the  big  slough  for  a  pasture  and  it  was  very  wet. 

If  I  remember  rightly,  I  have  been  told  that  at  one  time  forty-five  or 
fifty  head  of  cattle  were  drowned  in  this  pasture.  You  people  remember 
how  day  after  day  and  month  after  month,  for  two  long  years,  my  teams 
passed  you  upon  the  roads  with  load  after  load  of  tile  from  this  town. 
200  wagon  loads  of  tile  each  year.  Now  if  you  should  be  traveling  near 
Center  Point  you  would  meet  my  teams  hauling  200  wagon  loads  of  grain 
from  this  same  frog  pond  slough  to  market  and  we  are  having  lots  of 
fun  doing  so.  I  think  I  have  a  right  to  say  that  I  am  a  successful  farm- 
er. I  am  raising  two  ears  of  corn  where  three  years  ago  only  sour  slough 
grass  grew  before  which  did  not  make  even  good  rabbit  pasture. 

Last  spring  was  a  very  peculiar  season.  There  was  a  super-abundance 
of  moisture  in  the  soil  and  the  land  was  exceedingly  slow  in  drying  out. 
Several  of  my  neighbors  had  their  horses  down  trying  to  mud  in  their 
oats  upon  untiled  land.     I  had  no  such  experience  in  seeding  my  oats. 

My  men  had  plowed  140  acres  for  corn  before  Neighbor  Smith  on  the 
Wynan's  farm  could  get  into  his  fields  and  there  is  only  the  line  fence 
between  our  farms.  I  was  discing  before  Mr.  Kubic  had  turned  a  furrow 
and  our  farms  corner,  and  Joe  Dvorak  had  one  field  eighty  rods  away 
from  my  field  that  he  never  plowed  at  all  and  it  grew  up  to  weeds. 

Yes,  I  believe  tiling  pays. 

We  have  been  educated  to  believe  the  Indian  lived  in  a  tepee  of  skins 
and  poles  and  roamed  half  naked  through  the  forests  in  search  of  game 
and  scalps. 

But  I  read  that  at  no  time  did  more  than  one-half  the  red  men  of  any 
tribe  take  to  the  war  path.  These  Indians  whom  we  call  savages,  lived 
in  villages  and  towns,  in  houses  made  of  logs  and  had  tables  and  stools 
and  farmed  after  a  fashion,  the  adjacent  lands. 

After  more  than  100  years  of  national  life  we  have  scattered  all  through 
our  community  farmers  who  have  not  advanced  one  whit  more  than  the 
Indian  has,  if  they  have  kept  pace  with  him,  and  the  question  is,  what 
shall  we  do  with  them?  Shall  we  shoot  them?  We  cannot  legally  do  that 
but  we  can  eliminate  them  by  supplanting  them. 

We  can  do  nothing  with  the  suspicious,  ignorant,  hard-headed  man  that 
has  advanced  but  little  in  civilization.  Our  only  hope  is  that  we  may 
get  hold  of  his  children  and  inspire  them  so  that  when  the  old  man  has 
been  taken  home  to  be  with  the  angels,  and  out  of  the  way  of  his  children, 
they  may  have  a  chance  to  improve. 

Our  duty  towards  these  children  can  be,  in  part,  discharged  by  elimin- 
ating from  our  schools  much  effete  matter  and  substituting  subjects  in 
which  they  can  be  interested,  and  this  leads  me  to  say,  that  while  our 
schools  are  good  in  a  way,  they  are  so  far  behind  those  of  Germany,  that 
the  Germans  have  us  skinned  a  mile. 

In  Germany  a  child  starts  to  school  at  six  years  of  age  and  goes  for 
eight  years  of  twelve  months  each  until  he  is  fourteen  years  old,  then 
while  he  is  yet  young  he  commences  to  learn  a  trade,  and  when  he  is 
grown  he  is  ready  for  the  duties  of  a  man. 


618  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Here  we  send  our  child  to  school  from  six  to  eight  months  in  a  year 
and  by  the  time  he  is  grown  we  have  a  dude  out  of  the  boy  and  a  wall 
flower  out  of  the  girl. 

I  overheard  men  talking  in  a  hotel  some  weeks  ago.  One  said,  "That 
a  half  dozen  of  his  boy  companions  had  been  sent  to  college  and  beem 
graduated  and  not  one  of  them  could  feed  himself." 

Education  divorced  from  avocation  is  positively  harmful.  I  read  that 
40  per  cent  of  our  graduates  from  our  agricultural  college  return  to  the: 
farms  and  become  actual  farmers.  Would  then  that  we  could  so  arrange 
it  so  we  could  put  every  farmer's  son  in  our  agricultural  college. 

And  now  one  word  to  the  Hon.  Mr.  Barry.  When  you  go  to  Des 
Moines  to  discharge  the  duty  we  have  delegated  to  you,  don't  be  stingy 
with  our  money  when  you  come  to  consider  the  needs  of  our  agricultural 
college.  Better  spend  a  million  in  experimenting  and  lose  every  dollar 
of  it,  than  cripple  our  work  there  and  the  interests  of  generations  yet  un- 
born, by  withholding  more  than  is  meet. 


WINTER  PROBLEMS. 

C.   H,  TRUE,   EDGEWOOD. 

(Read  at  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Iowa  Bee  Keepers'  Association.) 
Recent  investigation  goes  to  show  that  the  number  of  honey  bees  kept 
in  our  state  at  the  present  time  is  less  by  several  thousand  colonies  than 
those  that  have  been  handled  in  former  years.  This  great  falling  off  in  so 
important  an  industry  should  be  a  matter  of  much  concern  to  us  all  as 
honey  producers,  and  should  lead  us  to  adopt  measures  if  possible  to  check 
its  further  progress.  The  losses  referred  to  may  be  attributed  to  several 
causes,  that  of  poor  wintering  being  doubtless  the  greatest.  Perhaps 
there  is  no  other  question  that  relates  to  the  work  of  bee-keeping  more 
important  or  that  is  more  frequently  and  fully  discussed  or  that  has 
brought  out  such  a  wide  difference  of  opinions  and  experiences  as  the 
question  we  are  now  to  consider.  I  do  not  care  to  discuss  at  this  time  all 
of  the  theories  that  others  have  advanced,  nor  the  claims  that  have  been 
made  for  the  various  methods  advocated  for  the  safe  wintering  of  our 
colonies.  On  the  other  hand  this  brief  article  is  presented  simply  as  a 
nucleus  in  the  hope  that  it  may  draw  out  inquiries  and  discussions  touch- 
ing the  matters  that  must  be  omitted  in  the  paper.  It  would  seem  that 
we  have  had  both  time  and  opportunity  during  all  the  past  years  of  our 
investigation  to  have  determined  the  relative  value  of  the  different  meth- 
ods employed,  and  to  solve  some  of  the  difficult  things  concerning  the 
wintering  of  our  bees  as  to  lead  us  to  determine  each  one  for  himself 
which  one  of  the  systems  in  practice  is  best  suited  to  his  individual 
surroundings.  The  injunction  "prove  all  things,  hold  fast  to  that  which 
is  good"  may  be  aptly  applied  to  our  efforts  in  providing  the  very  best 
protection  for  our  bees  during  the  most  critical  period  of  the  year. 
Proceeding  upon  this  supposition,  I  may  simply  give  the  results  of  my 
own  plan  that  I  have  employed  for  the  past  eight  years  with  unvarying 
success.    Being  located  in  the  northeastern  corner  of  the  state  just  above 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  619 

the  42d  degree  of  latitude,  I  have  concluded  that  for  me  indoor  or  cellar 
wintering  is  preferable  to  any  other  method  and  in  the  practice  of  this 
plan  I  have  endeavored  to  observe  the  few  conditions  that  go  to  make  it 
successful.  A  fairly  strong  colony  of  young  bees,  an  abundance  of  honey, 
a  dry,  quiet,  dark  place  with  proper  ventilation.  These  conditions  are 
fairly  well  met  with  in  a  cellar  under  the  dwelling  in  one  end  of  which 
are  kept  the  fruit  and  vegetables,  the  opposite  end  being  reserved  exclu- 
sively for  the  bees.  In  the  passage  way  between  the  apartments  is  placed 
a  screen  door  to  prevent  the  bees  from  leaving  their  own  room.  The  walls 
of  the  cellar  are  constructed  of  stone  and  smooth  plastered  inside,  with 
cement  floor,  and  lathed  and  plastered  above.  The  ventilation  which  is 
not  perfect  comes  from  two  narrow  windows  and  a  door  into  the  hatchway 
leading  to  the  outside  of  the' cellar.  The  inside  dimension  is  11x14  feet 
and  will  accommodate  100  colonies  of  bees.  Two  2x4  scantlings  are  laid 
about  ten  inches  apart  near  each  wall  and  also  through  the  center  of  the 
room,  these  to  rest  the  hives  on  for  convenience  in  handling.  This  ar- 
rangement provides  for  alleys  sufficiently  wide  to  pass  in  and  out  be- 
tween the  three  rows  of  hives.  The  rear  end  of  the  hives  are  elevated  an 
inch  by  laying  an  inch  thick  strip  on  top  of  one  of  the  pieces  of  2x4  with 
entrances  facing  the  center  of  the  room.  I  try  to  look  carefully  to  the 
matter  of  preparing  the  bees  in  the  yard  for  wintering  by  removing  the 
supers  early  enough  so  that  these  colonies  that  seem  to  be  short  of  stores 
may  have  time  to  supply  themselves  before  the  late  honey  flow  has  ceased. 
Usually  about  Thanksgiving  time  they  are  removed  to  their  winter  quar- 
ters. The  bees  are  first  securely  shut  in  by  nailing  strips  of  lath  over 
the  entrance  of  each  hive,  a  steady  team  is  hitched  to  sleds  with  side 
boards  of  the  box  removed  and  is  then  driven  along  the  rear  side  of  the 
row  of  hives  and  two  men  proceed  to  load  on  from  twelve  to  fifteen  stands. 
This  many  a  team  can  easily  draw  and  if  the  ground  is  fairly  smooth 
the  bees  will  be  very  little  disturbed.  Driving  to  the  cellar  the  hives  are 
carried  in  and  tiered  up  as  closely  together  as  is  convenient,  four  hives 
high.  The  cloth  covers  as  well  as  the  regular  cover  remains  on  top  as 
when  removed  from  the  bee  yard.  Hive  ventilation  is  provided  through 
the  wide  entrance  of  the  bottom  board  the  entire  width  of  the  hive.  The 
work  is  now  accomplished  until  the  time  for  returning  the  bees  to  their 
summer  stands,  except  to  occasionally  regulate  the  ventilation  and  tem- 
perature of  the  cellar.  This  simple  method  as  I  have  attempted  to  explain 
it  is  the  way  in  which  for  the  past  eight  years  I  have  wintered  my  colo- 
nies with  uniformly  good  success,  the  loss  in  no  season  exceeding  over  five 
per  cent  of  the  whole  number  stored,  and  to  my  mind  this  is  to  us  of  the 
northern  part  of  the  state  the  safest  and  best  system  to  employ.  Last 
winter  was  one  of  the  severest  that  has  been  experienced  in  north  Iowa 
for  many  years,  the  temperature  falling  several  times  as  low  as  36  de- 
grees outside,  while  in  the  cellar  for  several  days  it  went  to  36  above  with 
apparently  no  serious  results  so  far  as  the  bees  were  concerned.  I  may 
add  that  while  the  plan  that  I  have  described  has  always  proven  highly 
satisfactory  in  my  own  case,  I  am  aware  that  some  of  my  neighbors  who 
have  adopted  the  cellar  method  of  wintering  have  not  always  met  with 
equally  good  results,  especially  was  this  true  in  the  winter  of  1911-12 
when  many  lost  a  large  per  cent  and  some  all  of  the  bees  thus  treated. 


620  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

And  so  we  have  frequently  seen  that  the  same  methods  employed  by  dif- 
ferent individuals  in  nearly  the  same  locality  meet  with  opposite  results. 
But  of  course  there  are  reasons  for  these  differences  which  may  not  al- 
v>ays  be  clearly  seen  or  easily  accounted  for.  My  advice  to  all  wherever 
located  is  this:  If  you  have  followed  any  special  plan  of  wintering  for  a 
series  of  years  with  uniformly  reasonable  success,  let  that  be  your  settled 
system  and  hold  to  it  at  least  until  by  careful  experimentation,  with  a 
few  colonies  at  first,  you  have  become  convinced  that  you  have  discovered 
a  better  way.  I  mean  to  say  by  this  that  it  is  not  safe  to  attempt  in  a 
v/holesale  way  to  follow  some  method  that  has  proven  satisfactory  to  some 
bee  keeper  at  a  distance  far  remote  from  you  and  whose  surroundings  may 
be  far  different  from  your  own.  My  observations  for  many  j^ears  past 
have  led  me  then  to  the  final  conclusion  that  at  least  in  our  northern 
latitudes,  cellar  wintering  as  a  rule  is  the  plan  for  us  to  follow,  inasmuch 
as  it  is  attended  with  smaller  losses  of  bees  and  a  saving  of  a  considerable 
amount  of  honey  as  compared  with  other  methods.  Possibly  after  one 
has  provided  himself  with  the  required  number  of  suitable  double  walled 
chaff  hives,  he  may  be  able  to  winter  his  bees  on  their  summer  stands 
with  less  labor  and  inconvenience  than  by  the  plan  which  necessitates  the 
carrying  in  and  out  of  cellar  wintered  colonies  and  yet  I  believe  that  we 
can  each  well  afford  almost  any  extra  expense  that  will  bring  about  the 
very  best  results. 


FARMING  ON  A  BUSINESS  BASIS. 

BY  DALLAS  N.   MC  GREW,  EMEESOX,  L\. 

(Before  the  Mills  County  Farmers'  Institute.) 

Farming  is  the  base  upon  which  all  forms  of  business  stand  and  is 
conducted  in  the  least  business  like  way  of  all  business.  This  is  done 
by  owners  and  renters  alike. 

Formerly  it  has  been  that  the  farmer  could  put  in  his  crop,  harvest  it, 
and  realize  a  good  profit  even  if  his  methods  were  not  the  best,  but  now, 
with  the  increase  in  the  price  of  land  and  of  equipment,  a  profit  is  not 
so  easily  obtained. 

Every  agricultural  paper  that  we  pick  up  has  some  article  referring  to 
the  rapid  increase  of  population  and  the  smaller  increase  of  production. 
Our  population  has,  in  the  last  ten  years,  increased  21  per  cent,  our  farm 
area  4.8  per  cent  and  the  production  of  cereals  less  than  1  per  cent.  Dr. 
Hopkins,  of  Illinois,  at  a  recent  meeting  in  Chicago,  gave  figures  which 
showed  that  the  average  farm  acre  is  producing  less  each  year  and  ex- 
plained why  we  had  not  felt  a  shortage  of  food  stuffs  as  yet.  These  figures 
showed  a  decrease  in  exports  of  corn  for  136,000,000  bushels  and  of  wheat 
for  82,000,000  bushels  for  the  five  years  previous  to  1900.  Now  even  with 
our  increase  in  production  this  enormous  decrease  in  exports  makes  it 
very  evident  that  the  question  of  feeding  the  increase  of  population, 
thought  to  be  groundless  by  some,  is  going  to  be  a  real  issue  before  many 
years.  Some  people  are  afraid  of  an  over-production  of  grain  and  are 
of  the  opinion  that  prices  are  going  to  lower.     The  figures  that  I  have 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      621 

given  certainly  indicate  that  we  need  have  no  fear  of  over-production  and 
on  the  contrary  show  that  we  need  to  make  a  change  in  our  system  of 
farming,  coming  gradually  to  the  situation  to  be  met,  rather  than  waiting 
to  the  last  moment  and  then  m.ake  an  abrupt  change. 

Business  men  look  ahead  for  several  years  in  conducting  their  busi- 
ness, some  making  it  such  a  study  that  they  have  no  time  to  give  to 
actual  work  and  leave  that  part  to  hired  labor.  Now  if  business  men  can 
make  a  success  by  devoting  their  whole  time  to  the  planning  of  their 
business  and  hiring  all  the  work  carried  on,  why  cannot  a  farmer  well 
afford  to  spend  more  time  than  he  does  in  managing  his  farm  work.  Suc- 
cessful farming  requires  a  man  who  has  a  mind  large  enough  for  doing 
more  than  one  thing  at  a  time.  Farming  cannot  be  considered  as  a  con- 
tinual routine  of  sowing  and  reaping. 

The  merchant  has  the  average  farmer  bested  in  carrying  on  his  work 
in  that  he  keeps  some  definite  system  of  accounts.  He  can,  by  referring 
to  his  books,  tell  just  how  his  business  stands,  how  much  has  been  his 
gains  and  losses  for  past  years  and  just  where  they  were  made.  Right 
here  is  where  his  success  lies,  for  he  can  tell  on  what  line  of  goods  his 
gains  or  losses  were  made  and  profit  by  them.  Farmers,  the  same  as  mer- 
chants, make  mistakes  and  if  they  do  not'know  where  these  mistakes  are, 
and  profit  by  them,  that  big  slice  of  profit  will  be  taken  off  every  year. 

When  a  merchant  sees  that  a  certain  line  of  goods  is  being  carried  by 
him  at  a  loss,  he  immediately  changes  it,  and  when  he  is  introducing  a 
new  line  he  keeps  careful  v/atch  to  determine  its  success.  Therefore  we 
farmers  need  to  get  these  business  methods  at  work  on  the  farm,  and 
when  we  find  losses  creeping  in,  get  at  the  causes  and  remedy  them. 

For  instance,  if  our  cropping  system  is  gradually  decreasing  the  fertil- 
ity of  the  soil,  we  need  to  find  it  out  and  change  cur  methods  and  work 
for  uniform  yields  rather  than  have  a  decrease. 

Grain  farmers  have  found  in  the  last  few  years  that  they  are  rapidly 
losing  out  as  far  as  fertility  goes  for  they  have  been  unable  to  get  a  good 
stand  of  clover.  As  a  consequence  they  are  keeping  more  live  stock  and 
sell  only  the  finished  product  from  the  farm. 

In  selling  100  bushels  of  corn  there  is  100  pounds  of  nitrogen  and  17 
pounds  of  phosphorus  taken  off  the  farm,  while  in  selling  1,000  pounds  of 
fat  cattle  only  25  pounds  of  nitrogen  and  7  pounds  of  phosphorus  is  re- 
moved. These  are  just  a  few  figures  which  show  the  benefit  from  feeding 
the  grain  on  the  farm.  From  a  fertility  standpoint,  it  wouldn't  take 
a  business  man  long  to  decide  between  grain  and  live  stock  farming. 

The  farmer  of  today  has  a  large  capital  invested,  especially  if  he  is 
farming  his  own  land,  therefore,  he,  as  well  as  other  business  men,  should 
have  a  method  of  telling  just  how  his  work  stands. 

How  many  farmers  make  good  interest  in  their  investment?  For  ex- 
ample take  a  man  who  owns  160  acres  of  Iowa  land: 

Value  of  land  at  $125  per  acre $20,000 

Value  of  live  stock  on  same  1,900 

Value  of  machinery 630 

Total  capital  invested  $22,530 


622  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

This  amount,  if  placed  at  interest  at  6  per  cent  would  yield  annually 
$1,351.80.  Now  how  many  farmers  do  you  think  make  interest  on  their 
money,  after  taking  out  pay  for  their  work? 

The  question  is  now,  how  can  we  apply  business  methods  to  the  average 
farm  and  increase  its  income.  One  of  the  first  things  to  do,  is  to  get  the 
fields  and  buildings  so  arranged  that  the  least  possible  time  will  be  spent 
in  going  to  the  fields  and  in  doing  chores.  A  factory  or  store  is  never 
so  arranged  that  much  time  is  spent  by  employes  in  going  from  one  piece 
of  work  to  another,  or  in  carrying  on  their  work.  I  know  of  one  farm 
of  eighty  acres  on  which  the  owner  travels  three  quarters  of  a  mile  in 
going  to  one  field  of  twelve  acres  During  the  season  I  estimated  that  he 
would  go  to  this  field  twice  a  day  for  twenty  days,  making  a  total  distance 
traveled  of  sixty  miles.  At  a  rate  of  three  miles  per  hour  he  would 
spend  two  days  each  year  in  going  to  and  from  work  to  this  particular 
field,  while  by  a  different  arrangement  of  fields  he  could  eliminate  most 
all  of  this  travel. 

I  was  reading  an  article  in  a  paper  last  week  in  which  the  writer  stated 
that  some  men  did  chores  by  the  mile  instead  of  by  the  hour.  Now  while 
the  arrangement  of  buildings  for  convenience  seems  a  small  trifle,  it 
sometimes  makes  enough  difference  that  an  extra  man  has  to  be  kept 
during  the  winter  just  to  do  chores.  Of  course  we  say  the  reason  is  that 
we  have  so  much  stock  to  care  for,  while  in  reality  an  arrangement  for 
conveniences,  such  as  piping  water  and  storing  feed  where  it  is  needed, 
would  make  enough  difference  that  one  man  could  easily  manage  during 
the  winter  months. 

Another  thing  which  helps  to  run  the  farm  on  a  business  basis  is  the 
farm  scales.  They  are  as  important  to  the  farmer  as  the  stenographer  is 
to  the  broker.  Most  farmers  use  their  scales  only  during  corn  husking 
aad  occasionally  when  selling  something.  They  should  be  used  regularly 
when  the  farmer  is  feeding  any  type  of  live  stock.  He  of  course  desires 
to  get  the  largest  gains  possible  for  the  least  feed  consumed;  so  use  the 
scales.  The  gain  per  day  is  the  best  recommendation  for  a  ration  that 
we  can  get.  By  the  use  of  the  scales,  tankage  for  the  hogs  and  cotton 
seed  meal  for  the  fattening  steers  can  be  tried  out.  These  supplementary 
feeds  to  balance  corn  in  a  ration  have  paid  for  some  people;  why  not  for 
all.  It  does  not  take  any  exceptional  business  ability  to  interpret  from 
daily  gain  and  cost  of  grain  whether  the  supplementary  feeds  are  pay- 
ing. 

When  a  business  man's  expense  for  advertising  brings  increased  sales, 
he  does  not  hesitate  to  advertise,  so  why  need  a  farmer  hesitate  to  buy 
supplementary  feeds  when  they  give  larger  and  cheaper  gains. 

Much  is  said  at  the  present  time  about  the  high  cost  of  living,  espe- 
cially with  reference  to  the  price  of  meat.  By  co-operation  farmers  can 
have  fresh  meat  during  the  summer  months  the  same  as  in  the  winter. 
It  isn't  necessary  for  a  farmer  to  sell  butcher  stuff  which  will  dress 
out  from  60-70  per  cent  to  the  local  butcher  for  five  cents  a  pound  and 
then  buy  it  back  at  from  twelve  to  eighteen  cents.  Not  much  business 
to  that,  is  there?  By  the  farmers  organizing  beef  clubs  with  a  definite 
number  of  members,  and  each  member  taking  his  turn  to  furnish  the 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      623 

animal  to  be  slaughtered,  much  will  be  done  to  keep  down  living  expenses. 
Manufacturers  work  on  co-operative  principles.  They  realize  that  a  man 
can  accomplish  more  and  do  it  at  a  cheaper  rate  when  working  in  con- 
nection with  other  men.  In  the  making  of  an  article,  each  man  employed 
makes  only  one  part  and  as  a  result  becomes  more  efficient  than  if  he 
made  the  whole  article. 

Another  item  which  should  receive  more  attention  is  that  of  making 
use  of  waste  pieces  of  land.  Many  farmers  have  a  swampy  piece  of  land 
which  could  easily  be  cultivated  by  laying  a  few  tile,  or  else  have  a  corner 
cut  off  of  a  field  by  a  ditch,  which  could  be  used  for  a  truck  patch  instead 
of  growing  up  in  weeds. 

One  of  the  biggest  losses  of  fertility  on  the  farm  is  in  the  manner  of 
disposing  of  manure.  Some  men  think  that  by  letting  the  manure  pile 
rot  down,  it  will  save  hauling  out  that  much  and  that  what  they  do  haul 
out  will  be  enough  richer  in  fertilizing  elements  to  make  up  for  the  loss 
in  quantity.  This  is  a  mistake  for  v/henever  you  see  smoke  going  up  from 
a  manure  pile,  you  may  know  that  fertility  is  going  up  into  the  air.  As 
much  as  30  to  80  per  cent  of  the  nitrogen  in  manure  is  lost  by  fire  fang- 
ing. 

Cornell  Experiment  Station  conducted  experiments  with  exposing  ma- 
nure to  the  elements.  Piles  of  m.anure  were  stored  outside  for  five  months 
and  the  following  results  were  obtained: 

Average  weight  of  piles  at  beginning  of  test 4,000  pounds 

Average  weight  of  piles  at  end  of  test 1,770  pounds 

Value  before  exposing  to  the  weather $5.48 

Value  at  the  end  of  test 2.03 

Value  per  ton  at  beginning  of  test 2.74 

Value  per  ton  at  end  of  test 2.34 

To  prevent  this  loss  by  leaching  and  fermentation,  the  manure  should 
either  be  stored  in  a  pit  or  else  hauled  out  as  fast  as  made  and  spread 
with  a  spreader.  By  the  use  of  a  spreader,  manure  can  be  scattered  on 
a  pasture,  if  no  other  field  is  available.  A  loss  of  fertility  as  shown  by 
the  above  figures  surely  shows  lack  of  good  business  methods.  How  much 
profit  would  a  packing  house  realize  if  they  did  not  utilize  the  waste?  It 
has  been  said  that  the  squeal  is  the  only  part  not  used  in  the  slaughtering 
process.  Now  if  it  pays  the  packing  houses  to  use  these  otherwise  waste 
products  to  such  a  degree,  why  will  it  not  pay  the  farmer  to  be  more 
careful  of  waste? 

Most  every  farm  has  about  one  acre  more  for  dry  lots  than  any  use  is 
found  for.  It  isn't  necessary  to  crowd  the  buildings  but  there  isn't 
much  profit  in  letting  $125  land  lay  idle,  so  watch  that  the  buildings  and 
lots  do  not  get  spread  out  too  much. 

Now  in  summing  up  these  business  principles  the  question  is,  "How  is 
the  farmer  going  to  know  exactly  how  his  efforts  are  paying?"  The  an- 
swer is,  "Keep  some  definite  system  of  farm  accounts  and  records."  It 
doesn't  matter  so  much  what  system  he  has,  just  so  that  it  covers  his 
business  and  is  plain  enough  for  him  to  tell  at  a  glance  how  his  financial 
interests  are  prospering.  Most  farmers'  farm  accounts  and  records  con- 
sist of  a  bank  book  and  trust  to  their  memory  for  information  on  how  each 


624  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

line  of  work  is  paying.  As  a  result,  if  they  have  a  little  more  money  to 
their  credit  in  the  bank  at  the  end  of  the  year,  they  know  they  have  made 
some  money.  They  don't  know  whether  it  was  from  feeding  the  stock 
as  they  did,  whether  from  selling  the  grain  when  they  did,  from  the  buy- 
ing of  more  grain  and  supplementary  feeds  and  feeding  them  on  the 
farm,  or  perhaps  from  building  a  silo.  The  time  is  past  for  that  kind  of 
managing.  Too  much  money  is  invested  not  to  know  exactly  how  the 
work  is  paying. 

A  book  can  be  purchased  for  fifty  cents  that  will  do  very  well  for  the 
farm  accounts  and  records.  In  this  an  account  should  be  opened  for 
every  kind  of  live  stock,  every  kind  of  crop  grown,  the  machinery,  and  for 
cash.  Begin  by  taking  an  inventory  of  the  farm,  the  winter  months  be- 
ing the  best  time,  for  that  is  a  slack  time  in  work  and  also  the  time 
of  year  when  most  of  the  business  is  settled  up.  After  taking  the  inven- 
tory, place  the  amount  for  each  of  farm  property  to  its  own  account,  and 
record  to  each  account  during  the  year  every  transaction  taking  place. 
At  the  end  of  the  year,  take  another  inventory  and  it  will  be  easy  to  tell 
how  the  business  stands.  By  keeping  a  note  book  the  work  required  by 
each  field  could  be  charged  to  its  crop  and  thereby  the  farmer  could  tell 
exactly  if  the  crop  paid.  Some  say  that  this  requires  too  much  time  to 
make  it  practical  for  the  average  farmer,  but  it  will  not.  A  few  minutes 
time  each  day  is  all  that  would  be  necessary  during  the  busy  season  of 
the  year,  as  the  balancing  of  accounts  could  be  done  in  the  winter  when 
there  was  not  so  much  work  to  be  done. 

Any  one  desiring  particular  information  oh  some  system  of  farm  ac- 
counts, should  send  for  Farmers'  Bulletin  No.  511,  to  the  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  Division  of  Publication,  Washington,  D.  C. 

As  soon  as  farmers  get  to  planning  their  work  for  several  years  in 
advance  as  do  the  merchants,  they  can  expect  more  uniform  yields  and 
will  be  building  up  the  soil  instead  of  tearing  it  down,  as  does  year 
at  a  time  farming.  For  example,  it  takes  a  man  with  his  business  talents 
at  work  when  it  comes  to  plowing  under  the  second  crop  of  clover.  The 
tem-ptation  is  to  cut  it  for  seed  or  hay.  In  reality  analysis  has  shown 
that  when  all  the  clover  crop  is  removed  nothing  is  added  to  the  soil,  so 
business  instinct  would  demand  that  we  plow  under  the  second  crop. 

TTie  merchant  has  the  traveling  salesman  to  keep  him  posted  on  the 
new  lines  of  goods  and  in  like  manner  the  farmer  has  the  experiment 
station  to  keep  him  posted  on  all  up-to-date  practices  found  to  be  prac- 
tical. Every  farmer  should  have  his  name  on  the  mailing  list  of  his  state 
experiment  station  and  he  will  receive  free  all  bulletins  and  circulars 
issued  by  the  same. 

I  sincerely  believe  that  a  definite  system  of  farm  accounts  and  records 
will  be  one  of  the  biggest  forces  in  changing  our  system  of  farming  for 
the  better.  As  soon  as  a  farmer  sees  his  efforts  laid  out  before  him  in 
pounds,  dollars  and  cents,  he  will  show  an  interest  never  before  aroused 
by  association,  or  by  reading  the  best  agricultural  papers. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  625 

ECONOMICAL  HOUSEHOLD  CONVENIENCES. 

DY   MRS.   W.   W.  LATTA,  LOGAN,   IOWA. 

(Before  the  Nineteenth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Harrison  County  Farmers' 

Institute.) 

"The  home  is  the  center  of  the  universe,  and  the  mistress  is  the  center 
of  the  home." 

In  her  hands  are  the  keys  of  home  happiness.  Formerly,  the  housewife 
was  the  head  worker  in  the  many  home  industries.  With  the  help  of 
other  members  of  the  family,  she  spun  and  wove  the  fabrics  used  by  the 
household,  made  the  clothing,  boiled  the  soap,  preserved,  canned,  baked — 
created  out  of  raw  materials  the  simple  necessities  of  life. 

Factories  now  supply  the  products  of  these  old  time  home  industries, 
at  far  less  cost,  so  that  the  family  of  moderate  income  may  now  have 
luxuries  which  were  beyond  the  means  of  the  rich,  fifty  years  ago. 

Great  industrial  changes  have  taken  place  in  this  20th  century  of 
progress,  but  only  recently  have  scientists  turned  their  attention  to 
household  affairs  and  we  believe  that  the  home  maker  should  be  as  alert 
to  make  progress  in  her  life  work  as  the  business  or  professional  man 
and  by  lightening  the  work  of  that  home  maker  by  the  installing  of 
household  conveniences,  she  will  have  more  time  for  the  training  of  her 
children  and  for  the  improving  of  tlie  home. 

Modern  machinery  is  lifting  the  burden  off  the  farm  women's  work,  and 
it  is  a  dull  woman  or  girl  who  will  continue  to  wear  away  her  mind  and 
body  with  hard  work,  when  the  employment  of  modern  conveniences  will 
alleviate  the  hardest  of  toil  and  economy  does  not  mean  spending  the 
smallest  amount  but  in  getting  the  largest  returns  for  the  money  ex- 
pended. 

House  keeping  ought  not  be  a  drudgery,  but  an  inspiring  profession,  but 
in  the  past,  it  has  been  almost  drudgery  for  some  farmer's  wives  who 
have  had  to  do  all  their  own  work — washing,  ironing,  sweeping,  dusting, 
sewing,  house  cleaning,  caring  for  the  poultry,  making  the  butter,  can- 
ning and  preserving  the  fruit,  keeping  the  children  in  school,  cooking  for 
the  family  and  the  extra  help,  which  during  the  year  on  the  farm  means 
so  many  extra  meals.  There  are  the  harvesters,  threshers,  silo  men, 
painters,  carpenters,  masons,  corn  buskers,  tilers,  sheep  shearers,  etc., 
and  so  on  throughout  the  year,  and  perhaps  in  a  small  house  with  no 
conveniences  at  all.  No  wonder  the  girls  have  been  drifting  into  the 
cities  where  the  house  work  has  been  lightened  by  modern  inventions. 
Surely  it  is  the  duty  of  the  farmer  to  make  his  home  as  convenient  and 
beautiful  as  it  is  possible  for  him  to  do,  to  keep  those  girls  to  help  that 
overworked  mother,  who,  perhaps,  has  grown  gray  ten  years  before  her 
time. 

We  hear  so  much  of  the  lack  of  society  for  the  young  people  of  the 

farm,  yet  the  wives  and  daughters  of  the  farm  are  to  be  congratulated  that 

they  have  abandoned  much  of  the  drudgery  of  former  years.     They  have 

entered  into  the  spirit  of  modern  progress  and  are  participating  in  social 

40 


626  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

and  public  affairs  and  the  farmer's  home  is  brighter  on  this  account.  The 
home  life  on  the  farm  has  been  made  much  more  worth  the  living  and  I 
believe  the  farm  women  will  continue  to  apply  labor  savers,  to  the  end 
that  they  may  have  time  for  other  things — the  local  church,  the  Wom- 
an's Christian  Temperance  Union,  farmers  club,  a  chance  to  visit  the 
school  or  call  on  her  neighbors. 

To  meet  these  changed  conditions,  a  study  of  the  latest  economic  de- 
velopments relating  to  the  home  is  necessary  for  all  true  mothers  and 
help  mates. 

A  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  health,  an  understanding  of  sanitary  re- 
quirements of  the  house,  the  right  care  of  children,  both  physical  and 
mental,  and  practice  in  different  household  arts  are  all  required  before 
the  house  wife  can  be  considered  mistress  of  her  home. 

We  intend  to  advance,  we  expect  to  progress,  we  shall  not  stagnate,  we 
shall  not  neglect  our  mental  and  spiritual  nature  in  order  to  keep  to  old 
time  out  of  date  methods. 

Would  we  think  for  a  moment  of  going  back  to  the  little  log  house  with 
its  fire  place  and  its  spinning  wheel  or  the  tallow  candle  and  the  soap 
kettle  of  our  grandmothers?  Certainly  not,  and  never  has  the  art  of 
house  keeping  and  the  sanitation  of  the  home,  or  the  science  of  cooking 
received  the  attention  it  does  now  and  let  us  ever  be  on  the  alert  for 
whatever  is  within  our  means  for  advancement. 

To  be  sure  a  farmer  can  get  along  without  many  of  the  modern  con- 
veniences on  the  farm.  He  could  do  without  a  gasoline  engine,  manure 
spreader,  grain  elevator  or  hay  loader  and  a  number  of  other  labor  savers 
which  have  been  added  to  the  equipment  of  the  progressive  farmer,  but 
can  you  realize  a  man  selling  one  of  these  conveniences  after  he  has  once 
used  it  on  his  farm  and  seen  its  real  value?  The  same  is  true  of  the 
housewife  in  regard  to  conveniences  for  the  home. 

First  of  all  the  house  should  be  a  place  of  rest  and  comfort  as  well  as 
the  work  shop  of  the  home,  and  should  therefore  be  beautiful  and  comfort- 
able as  well  as  convenient  and  ought  to  be  arranged  where  possible  with 
these  ends  in  view. 

Rooms  should  be  well  lighted  and  ventilated  and  if  finished  with  good 
oiled  woodwork  and  floors  are  more  easily  kept  clean.  If  it  is  possible 
to  have  this  home  heated  v/ith  a  furnace,  all  the  dust  and  dirt  of  the 
stove  are  avoided.  Many  of  the  modern  farm  homes  have  a  heating  plant 
as  well  as  lighting  plant  of  some  kind,  either  gas  or  electricity,  either  of 
which  are  far  ahead  of  the  kerosene  lamp,  both  in  service  and  convenience. 

The  kitchen  is  perhaps  the  most  important  part  of  the  house  and  time 
and  thought  should  be  given  to  secure  the  best  results  possible  from  the 
material  at  hand. 

Ventilation  and  light  are  the  first  things  to  be  thought  of  and  then 
cleanliness.  If  the  walls  can  be  painted  they  are  quite  easy  to  keep  clean 
as  they  can  be  wiped  off  with  a  damp  cloth  if  need  be. 

Hard  wood  makes  the  best  floors  though  a  linoleum  covering  is  easily 
cleaned. 

By  all  means  have  a  good  sink  with  a  drain  and  water  handy  in  the 
kitchen.     I  really  believe  for  the  amount  of  money  invested  these  two 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  627 

things  save  more  steps  for  the  house  keeper  than  most  any  other  con- 
venience of  the  kitchen  and  might  be  had  in  every  farm  home.  A  hot 
water  supply  may  be  furnished  by  a  special  heating  apparatus  in  the 
cellar,  a  furnace  connection  or  as  is  usual  in  small  houses,  by  a  boiler 
and  water  front  attachment  for  the  range. 

Aside  from  the  range  a  small  oil  stove  will  prove  to  be  a  convenient 
article  when  only  a  little  food  is  to  be  cooked  and  save  unnecessary  fire 
in  the  range.  And  then  comes  the  fireless  cooker,  one  of  the  later  inven- 
tions which  is  proving  to  be  a  very  convenient  addition  to  the  kitchen. 
What  a  comfort  on  a  hot  day  in  summer  or  on  Sunday  when  the  house 
wife  may  prepare  the  dinner  in  the  early  morning,  place  it  in  the  fire- 
less  cooker  and  feel  sure  that  if  she  goes  about  her  other  work  or  at- 
tends the  services  at  the  church  that  when  she  returns,  dinner  will  be 
ready  to  place  on  the  table.  No  danger  of  burning  anything  in  a  fireless 
cooker. 

A  kitchen  cabinet  of  the  late  designs  and  with  plenty  of  handily  ar- 
ranged cupboards  so  that  various  utensils  needed  when  at  work  may  be 
reached  with  as  little  w^alking  back  and  forth  as  possible,  are  a  great 
help. 

Among  the  many  devices  for  convenience  in  the  kitchen  are  the  bread 
and  cake  mixers  which  give  ample  returns  on  the  money  expended  as  the 
primary  expenditure  is  only  from  60  cents  to  $5.00  but  which  when  first 
put  upon  the  market  were  received  with  skepticism — if  at  all — by  most 
housekeepers. 

Nevertheless,  it  is  a  well  appreciated  fact  that  both  have  come  to  stay. 
Why?  Because  they  do  the  work  more  quickly,  more  surely  and  more 
cleanly  and  are  recommended  by  teachers  of  domestic  science. 

An  assortment  of  small  utensils  and  devices  which  are  inexpensive 
but  handy  include  the  various  cooking  vessels  of  light  material,  the 
double  boiler,  food  grinder,  apple  corer,  dish  washers  and  drainers,  scales, 
tea  and  coffee  percolators,  wheel  trays,  etc. 

And  the  house  keeper  who  makes  a  close  enough  study  of  household 
machinery  to  know  that  new  needs  arise,  will  know  that  new  ideas  and 
contrivances  for  making  work  easier  are  constantly  being  put  on  the  mar- 
ket and  will  be  on  the  look  out  for  them. 

One  of  the  hardest  tasks  of  the  housewife  in  the  past  was  the  family 
washing  but  which  has  been  wonderfully  lightened  since  the  advent  of 
the  gasoline  engine  and  electricity,  which  are  used  to  turn  both  the  ma- 
chine and  wringer.  I  hope  the  time  will  speedily  come  when  the  old 
back-breaking  wash  board  and  the  hand  power  machines  will  be  a  thing 
of  the  past. 

A  laundry  room  in  the  basement  or  built  conveniently  near  the  house 
will  save  all  the  steam  and  dampness  as  well  as  the  dirt  from  the  house. 
The  water  may  be  piped  to  the  laundry  room  as  well  as  to  the  kitchen 
and  with  stationary  tubs  with  drain  save  all  heavy  work  of  carrying  the 
water.  With  such  a  laundry  room,  the  horror  of  the  wash  day  is  re- 
moved. I  recently  read  of  a  clothes  drainer,  a  simple  inexpensive  affair, 
but  a  handy  device  for  wash  day.  It  consists  of  an  oval  steel  frame  heav- 
ily tinned,  to  which  a  wire  gird  is  fastened.  Steel  wire  handles  on  w^hich 
there  are  two  hooks  are  hinged  to  the  ends  of  the  frame.    Scalding  of  the 


628  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

arms  is  prevented  and  the  tiresome  work  of  holding  the  clothes  on  a 
stick  to  drain  is  unnecessary.  After  the  boiling  is  completed  the  device  is 
lifted  until  the  hooks  catch  on  the  sides  of  the  boiler  and  allowed  to  re- 
main until  drained  and  then  the  carrier  with  clothes  may  be  lifted  out. 

After  the  washing,  comes  the  ironing,  such  a  bug  bear  in  hpt  weather. 
There  are  now  on  the  market  two  types  of  ironing  machines  or  mangles. 
(1)  The  cold  roll  machine  in  which  the  rollers  between  which  the  gar- 
ments pass  are  made  of  wood  and  are  unheated,  depending  on  their  weight 
and  pressure  to  remove  wrinkles. 

(2)  The  hot  roll  machines  in  which  one  roll  is  cold  and  is  covered 
with  a  blanket  and  cloth  just  as  for  an  ironing  board,  and  the  other  roll 
or  concave  plate  is  made  of  smooth  iron  and  is  heated.  The  cold  roll  re- 
volves against  the  heated  metal  plate.  This  is  really  the  more  economical 
and  satisfactory  machine  although  costing  a  little  more.  The  plate  may 
be  heated  by  gas  or  gasoline.  If  power  is  available  the  ironing  machine 
may  be  run  by  power.  The  use  of  one  of  these  machines  reduces  greatly 
the  time  required  to  iron  the  usual  way. 

Garments  with  gathers  and  sleeves  cannot  be  ironed  to  look  perfectly 
smooth  and  well  shaped,  but  all  bed  and  table  linen,  towels,  handkerchiefs, 
underwear  and  kitchen  aprons  may  be  done  successfully. 

A  number  of  other  irons  are  now  on  the  market — some  of  these  are  the 
electric  iron,  gasoline  and  denatured  alcohol  irons,  all  of  which  you  are 
probably  familiar  with. 

Another  great  convenience  of  the  modern  farm  home  is  the  bath  room, 
which  until  recently  was  thought  to  be  a  luxury  or  rather  an  invention 
for  the  city  home  only,  but  which  in  the  future  will  be  not  a  luxury,  but 
a  necessity  in  every  home. 

The  rural  resident  who  visits  her  city  cousin  is  impressed  with  the 
convenience  of  the  bath,  lavatory,  toilet,  hot  and  cold  running  water  of 
the  city  home  and  the  contrast  is  so  broad  that  she  is  frequently  discon- 
tented with  country  life. 

The  expense  is  not  so  great  but  what  most  farmers  can  afford  it,  at 
least  it  will  cost  nothing  to  consult  an  expert  and  get  an  estimate  of  the 
expense  and  the  cost  is  then  known  to  be  within  or  without  his  circum- 
stances. 

Modernizing  rural  homes  will  prove  a  great  factor  in  preventing  the 
migration  of  country  boys  and  girls  to  cities. 

Another  late  invention  is  the  vacuum  cleaner,  which  is  proving  very 
helpful  especially  at  house  cleaning  time. 

More  sanitary  too  as  it  draws  the  dirt  out  of  the  carpet  or  rug  instead 
of  stirring  it  up  and  allowing  to  settle  again  on  everything  in  the  house. 

If  you  are  fortunate  enough  to  have  electric  power  at  hand,  fasten  it 
to  the  cleaner  and  save  some  more  hard  work.  I  hope  the  time  will  come 
and  speedily  too,  when  electricity  will  be  within  the  reach  of  all,  and  let 
me  prophesy  a  little  by  saying  that  it  is  surely  coming  and  besides  light- 
ing the  farm  buildings  will  be  used  for  power  by  both  the  farmer  and  his 
wife  to  perform  by  the  use  of  modern  inventions,  much  of  the  labor  for- 
merly done  by  hand. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  629 

On  farms  where  dairy  cows  are  kept  the  cream  separator  is  in  such 
common  use  that  we  hardly  think  of  it  as  a  convenience,  but  rather  as 
a  necessity  but  its  use,  and  the  shipping  of  cream  to  a  central  creamery, 
has  certainly  made  the  task  of  caring  for  milk  and  the  making  of  but- 
ter much  easier. 

It  may  not  be  possible  for  each  one  of  us  to  have  modern  homes  with 
all  of  these  conveniences  at  once,  but  let's  add  these  appliances  just  as 
rapidly  as  circumstances  will  allow.  Let's  not  be  skeptical  and  think 
because  our  grandmothers  got  along  without  that  we  can  do  the  same 
and  don't  think  for  a  minute  that  by  the  installing  of  them  that  the  farm- 
er's wife  will  have  so  much  spare  time,  that  she  will  as  Geo.  K.  Holmes 
says,  "go  society  mad!"  I  am  sure  she  will  use  the  time  profitably  to 
herself  and  family  and  the  home  will  be  happier  if  she  isn't  overworked. 

On  a  visit  recently  to  our  great  agricultural  school  at  Ames  I  was  very 
much  impressed  with  the  Home  Economics  department.  In  such  pleasant 
surroundings,  the  well  arranged  kitchens  and  pantries  with  everything  so 
white  and  clean  looking,  the  tastily  furnished  serving  rooms,  and  the 
light,  airy,  conveniently  furnished  rooms  for  sewing.  I  thought  surely 
any  girl  who  is  privileged  to  take  a  course  there  could  hardly  come  away 
without  having  a  love  for  house  work. 

This  same  department  through  its  extension  work  is  doing  so  much 
for  the  mothers  as  well  as  the  daughters  in  teaching  new  methods  not 
only  in  the  culinary  department  but  in  sewing,  home  decorations  and 
household  economy  and  thus  placing  a  dignity  on  one  of  the  highest  of  the 
arts — that  of  home  making. 


SILOS. 
(Wallace's  Farmer.) 

We  now  look  upon  the  silo  in  the  same  light  as  we  look  upon  the  disk 
drill  and  the  manure  spreader.  It  is  one  of  the  earmarks  of  the  up-to-date 
farmer.  A  man  is  not,  as  some  farmers  still  think,  taking  a  jump  into  the 
dark  when  he  builds  a  silo.  For  thirty  years  past  they  have  been  experi- 
mented wath  in  this  country  under  all  kinds  of  conditions. 

The  map  which  accompanies  the  article  indicates  the  distribution  of 
silos  over  the  state  of  Iowa  in  the  year  1911.  We  are  not  surprised  to 
note  that  in  northeastern  Iowa,  where  the  dairy  industry  is  strongest, 
silos  are  the  thickest.  What  is  the  matter  with  Lee,  Plymouth,  Fremont, 
Union  and  Dickinson  counties,  that  there  should  be  in  them  such  a  small 
number  of  silos? 

During  recent  years  the  silo  industry  has  grown  by  leaps  and  bounds. 
In  1909  there  were  1,500  silos  in  Iowa.  By  1910  this  number  had  increased 
to  2,700  and  in  1911  there  were  4,000.  We  now  have  no  doubt  but  that 
there  are  now  over  6,000  silcs  in  the  state  of  Iowa  To  the  man  who  is 
afraid  to  make  the  venture  of  buying  a  silo,  these  figures  should  be  re- 
assuring. But  to  the  agricultural  newspaper  man,  to  the  extension  work- 
er, and  to  all  who  are  interested  in  the  most  economical  methods  of 
agricultural  production,  these  figures  are  a  disappointment,  for  they  in- 


630 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  631 

dicate  that  only  one  out  of  every  forty  farmers  in  the  state  of  Iowa  has 
a  silo.    What  about  the  other  thirty-nine? 

It  is  about  these  other  thirty-nine  that  we  are  now  concerned.  Not  all 
of  them  would  be  justified  in  buying  a  silo.  Most  of  them  would,  and  we 
wish  to  point  out  at  this  time  the  reasons  for,  and  against,  investing  in 
a  silo.  In  the  first  place  we  will  deal  with  the  nonsensical  rumors  con- 
stantly springing  up  to  hinder  the  introduction  of  something  new.  We 
are  referring  to  such  rumors  as:  "Silage  hurts  the  teeth."  "Silage 
causes  tuberculosis,"  "Silage  is  hard  on  the  digestive  system."  "Silage 
is  poison  to  horses  and  sheep."  "Silage  makes  the  milk  of  poor  quality." 
"Silage  is  hard  on  the  land." 

There  is  not  a  one  of  these  floating  rumors  which  should  hinder  any 
sensible  man  from  building  a  silo.  But  there  are  some  other  reasons  not 
so  generally  discussed,  which  should  be  considered  before  a  man  decides. 
How  much,  and  what  kind  of  stock  have  you  now,  and  how  much  will  you 
have  in  the  future?  If  you  have  less,  or  think  that  in  the  near  future  you 
will  have  less  than  12,000  pounds  of  stock  to  which  you  can  feed  silage, 
we  doubt  very  much  if  it  will  pay  to  put  up  the  silo.  If  you  have  more 
than  15,000  pounds  of  stock,  to  which  silage  can  be  fed,  it  almost  certainly 
will  pay  you  to  put  up  a  silo.  In  figuring  on  a  silo,  remember  that  cattle 
use  silage  better  than  any  other  class  of  stock.  Profitable  dairying  with- 
out a  silo  is  almost  impossible.  For  economic  feeding  of  beef  cattle,  sil- 
age is  almost  as  necessary  as  for  dairy  cows.  Repeated  experiments  by 
the  Iowa,  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Nebraska  experiment  stations  have  proved 
beyond  doubt  that  under  present  corn  belt  conditions,  cheaper  gains  can 
be  put  on  beef  steers  with  silage  as  part  of  the  roughage  ration  than  in 
any  other  way.  In  these  experiments  ten  pounds  of  silage  have  been 
found  to  have  the  power  of  replacing  about  one  and  one-half  pounds  of 
grain  and  two  pounds  of  hay.  Sheep,  horses  and  hogs  will  eat  silage,  but 
do  not  appreciate  it  so  much  as  cattle.  In  the  case  of  sheep  and  horses, 
there  is  danger  of  feeding  spoiled  or  moldy  silage.  Brood  sows  will  eat 
a  little  silage  to  advantage,  but  ordinarily  should  not  be  fed  any  large 
amount. 

The  amounts  of  silage  ordinarily  eaten  daily  by  the  different  classes  of 
animals  are  about  as  follows: 

Dairy  cattle,  or  wintering  beef  cows 35  lbs. 

Fattening  steers   .20  lbs. 

Heifers,  calves  and  bulls 15  to  25  lbs. 

Ewes    2  to    4  lbs. 

Fattening  lambs  1  lb. 

Horses 5  to  10  lbs. 

We  give  these  figures  so  that  the  prespective  builder  of  a  silo  may  de- 
termine whether  or  not  he  has  enough  stock  on  the  place  to  justify  the  in- 
vestment. Suppose  he  finds  that  he  has  enough  stock  to  consume  an  aver- 
age of  1,000  pounds  daily  during  the  six  winter  months.  This  is  the  equiv- 
alent of  about  ninety  tons,  which  would  necessitate  the  erection  of  a  silo 
fourteen  feet  wide  by  thirty  feet  high.  In  considering  the  size,  he  must  be 
very  careful  not  to  build  a  silo  too  wide.  Hundreds  of  farmers  make  this 
mistake,  and  find  that  it  is  impossible  to  feed  off  fast  enough  to  prevent 


632  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

spoiling.  Silos  too  large  have  in  some  localities  made  the  silo  unpopular, 
because  the  farmers  using  them  have  not  had  enough  stock  to  feed  off 
the  two  to  four  inches  daily  that  is  necessary  if  silage  is  to  be  kept  from 
spoiling.  Every  man  should  consider  whether  or  not  he  wishes  to  build 
two  silos.  On  most  farms  there  is  a  period  of  100  days  during  the  late 
summer  and  fall  when  pasture  is  short  and  then  silage  would  be  of  great 
benefit.  Especially  is  this  true  on  the  dairy  farm.  On  the  average  corn  belt 
farm  we  consider  two  silos,  one  about  14x30  feet,  and  the  other  10x30 
feet  as  ideal.    To  fill  these  two  takes  about  fourteen  acres  of  average  corn. 

Before  any  man  puts  up  a  silo,  he  should  consider  the  difiiculties  which 
are  likely  to  be  in  the  way  when  it  comes  to  filling.  If  there  are  no 
other  silos  in  the  neighborhood,  he  should  try  to  get  his  neighbors  to  go 
in  with  him.  This  will  cut  down  his  investment  in  a  silage  cutter,  how- 
ever, and  distributer,  and  will  make  it  much  easier  when  it  comes  to  filling 
in  the  fall.  To  fill  a  silo  promptly  takes  a  force  of  fifteen  to  twenty  men 
working  from  one  to  two  days.  A  powerful  engine,  preferably  one  with 
at  least  18-full  horsepower,  should  be  used.  It  may  readily  be  seen  that 
co-operation  in  siloing  pays  more  than  in  almost  any  other  farm  opera- 
tion. 

We  will  now  assume  that  our  prospective  silo  builder  has  considered 
all  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  filling,  and  has  decided  to  build.  He  is 
undecided  as  to  what  kind.  He  sees  the  advertisements  of  wood  silos, 
hollow  tile  silos,  brick  silos,  and  concrete.  Some  of  these  claim  greater 
durability  than  others,  while  others  claim  that  the  silage  keeps  better. 
But  we  do  not  care  to  enter  into  any  controversy  as  to  which  silo  should 
be  put  up.  So  far  as  we  have  observed,  all  of  the  silos  advertised  in 
standard  farm  papers  are  good.  In  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge 
we  would  say  that  the  important  thing  is  to  get  the  silo  put  up.  It  does 
not  make  so  much  difference  Vv^hat  kind  you  put  up,  just  so  it  is  done  at 
once.  As  a  rough  average,  and  merely  to  give  our  uninformed  readers  an 
idea  of  the  price,  we  would  say  that  the  ordinary  14x30  foot  silo,  fully 
erected,  and  with  concrete  foundation,  would  cost  $300  to  $400,  the  exact 
price  varying  greatly  according  to  freight  rates,  and,  in  the  case  of  tile 
and  concrete,  according  to  availability  of  good  labor.  Properly  cared  for, 
a  wooden  silo  should  last  at  least  twenty  years,  and  the  hollow  tile, 
brick  and  concrete,  if  properly  put  up,  should  be  practically  permanent. 

Many  men  make  mistakes  in  feeding  silage.  They  think  that  because 
the  animals  like  it  so  well  that  it  is  a  "cure-all."  They  forget  that  it  is 
poor  in  muscle  building  material,  and  that  young  animals  cannot  make 
large  gains  on  a  ration  of  corn  silage,  corn  and  oat  straw.  They  fail  to 
realize  that  while  it  increases  the  milk  flow  when  fed  in  connection  with 
a  good  grain  ration,  that  nevertheless  it  is  weak  in  milk  building  mate- 
rial. What  we  wish  to  impress  on  the  minds  of  all  feeders  of  silage  is 
that  when  silage  is  fed  in  large  amounts  it  becomes  especially  necessary 
to  use  either  clover  hay,  alfalfa  hay,  oil  meal,  cotton-seed  meal,  or  some 
other  feed  rich  in  muscle  builder. 

Even  in  the  best  packed  silos  there  will  sometimes  be  moldy  silage. 
As  a  rule,  this  does  not  seem  to  hurt  cows,  but  very  often  causes  sheep  and 
horses  to  become  dangerously  sick.     A  careful  feeder  must  do  his  best 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  633 

by  distributing  his  silage  evenly  and  packing  it  tightly  to  prevent  mold. 
If  mold  occurs,  he  must  take  pains  that  neither  his  horses  nor  sheep  eat 
it,  and  to  be  on  the  safe  side,  he  should  not  feed  it  to  his  cattle. 

"We  suspect  that  there  are  at  least  50,000  farmers  in  Iowa  whom  it  would 
pay  to  put  up  silos  this  year.  Many  of  these  men  know  nothing  about 
silcs  or  silage,  and  it  is  ridiculous  for  us  to  attempt  to  tell  them  all  about 
it  in  one  short  article.  What  we  want  these  men  to  do  is  carefully  to  con- 
sider the  silo.  We  want  them  to  send  to  the  Iowa  Station  at  Ames,  to  the 
Nebraska  Station  at  Lincoln,  to  the  Missouri  Station  at  Columbia,  to  the 
Illinois  Station  at  Urbana,  to  the  Wisconsin  Station  at  Madison,  and  to 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  at  V/ashington,  D.  C,  for 
all  the  bulletins  available  on  silos  and  silage.  We  want  them  to  write  the 
different  manufacturers  of  silos  and  silo  machinery  asking  for  literature. 
They  should  ask  definitely  for  the  experience  of  their  neighbors.  Above 
all,  they  should  not  be  needlessly  alarmed  by  the  vague  rumors  which 
float  around  the  country  and  which  either  grossly  exaggerate  the  merits 
of  silage,  or  give  it  a  very  bad  name. 


CARE  OF  THE  CALF  FROM  THE  PEED  LOT  TO  THE  BUTCHER. 

BY  H.   J.   HESS. 

(Before  the  Iowa  Aberdeen  Angus  Breeders'  Association.) 
With  such  masters  of  the  art  of  breeding  and  feeding  as  Messrs. 
Escher  and  Davis,  I  am  sure  my  work  has  been  well  begun.  As  I  am  to 
start  with  the  work  of  preparing  these  calves  for  the  butcher  at  weaning- 
time,  I  will  take  it  for  granted  that  they  have  been  taught  to  eat  a  grain 
ration  of  proper  mixture  and  roughage  suited  to  their  needs,  while  nursing 
their  dams.  This  important  part  of  the  handling  of  a  calf  before  weaning- 
time  will  enable  it  to  keep  right  on  gaining,  and  it  will  not  experience  a 
set-back  at  weaning  time.  The  main  thing  is  to  keep  the  calves  right 
on  growing,  and  not  allow  them  to  lose  the  calf-fat.  They  must  have  a 
grain  ration  that  will  maintain  the  same  smooth  form  and  mellow  flesh, 
the  same  coat  of  hair  and  fine,  loose  hide  that  so  nicely  covered  them,  at 
weaning  time.  To  do  this  requires  the  careful  attention  of  the  feeder. 
The  weaning  time  comes  in  the  autumn,  when  conditions  are  ideal  for  this 
work.  The  golden  grain  has  been  harvested  and  the  granaries  well  filled. 
The  barn  has  been  filled  with  the  new-mown  hay.  The  silo  has  been 
filled  to  the  brim.  A  part  of  the  corn  is  in  the  shock,  and  the  jemainder 
of  the  crop  is  fast  being  stored  in  the  cribs.  With  the  crops  of  a  well- 
managed  farm  at  hand,  there  is  but  little  need  for  other  feeds,  with  the 
exception  of  a  small  amount  of  oil  meal.  This  will  largely  fill  the  place 
of  the  milk  supply  that  has  been  cut  off,  and  will  help  to  balance  up  the 
other  feed.  I  like  to  feed  calves  oats  and  shelled  corn,  equal  parts,  with 
about  a  pound  of  oil  meal  per  head  per  day,  with  all  the  good  clover  hay 
they  will  clean  up,  giving  them  the  grain  three  times  a  day,  and  all  they 
will  eat  and  clean  up  in  thirty  minutes  after  each  feeding  time.  I  do  not 
advise  grinding  for  calves  until  they  have  reached  the  age  of  twelve 
raonths.    At  this  time  it  may  pay  to  crush  the  corn,  and  I  have  for  a  good 


634  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

many  years  prepared  corn  for  feeding  cattle  that  have  reached  this  age 
by  grinding  the  corn,  cob  and  all,  not  that  the  cob  is  of  any  particular 
value  as  a  feed,  but  it  keeps  the  grain  from  lying  too  closely  in  the 
stomach,  and  I  believe  they  will  digest  and  assimilate  the  corn  better  if 
prepared  in  this  manner.  The  introduction  of  a  small  amount  of  ensilage 
given  each  day  fresh  from  the  silo  will  add  greatly  to  the  ration  and  give 
variety  as  well.  I  wish  to  impress  upon  those  not  accustomed  to  feeding 
calves  that  they  will  not  handle  any  great  amount  of  roughage  while  so 
young,  and  to  make  calves  under  twelve  months  of  age  do  their  best,  you 
must  not  expect  them  to  do  the  scavenger  work  of  the  farm  by  turning 
them  out  to  clean  up  stalk  fields,  meadows  and  fence  rows.  Leave  this 
for  the  older  cattle.  The  cows  from  which  the  calves  have  been  weaned 
can  do  this  nicely.  Provide  a  well  fenced  feed  lot,  with  good  drainage; 
give  them  access  to  a  well  ventilated  shed  or  barn.  It  is  not  necessary 
to  build  expensive  barns  for  this  work;  all  that  is  needed  is  something 
substantial  in  the  way  of  a  building  that  will  house  them  comfortably  in 
times  of  storm.  Provide  the  building  with  plenty  of  windows,  high  up 
on  the  sides,  for  light,  and  large  doors  opening  to  the  south,  and  be  sure 
they  are  always  open.  A  better  way  would  be  to  provide  good,  large 
openings,  and  leave  the  doors  off  entirely.  Right  here  let  me  call  your 
attention  to  the  water  supply.  A  tank  placed  in  a  convenient  sheltered 
place  Is  an  important  part  of  the  equipment.  I  like  to  have  this  tank 
drawing  its  water  from  a  large  supply  tank,  so  that  the  water  is  always 
there.  Roll  a  barrel  of  salt  in  the  feed  lot,  stake  it  down  so  it  will  not 
roll,  and  saw  a  hole  in  the  staves  large  enough  to  admit  the  heads  of  the 
calves  in  reaching  for  the  salt. 

Don't  let  them  want  for  anything.  The  wants  of  your  cattle  will  take 
dollars  out  of  your  pocket. 

As  these  calves  reach  twelve  months  of  age,  we  are  coming  to  the 
spring  time,  and  we  are  all  glad  for  this,  for  what  is  better  than  to  see 
the  trees  put  forth  their  green  leaves  and  the  fields  respond  to  the  falling 
rain  and  the  warm  rays  of  the  sun.  At  this  time,  there  should  be  a 
separation  of  the  heifers  from  the  steers,  unless  this  has  been  done  at 
weaning  time,  in  case  the  heifers  were  to  have  been  retained  for  breed- 
ing purposes.  But  as  these  calves  were  intended  for  the  butcher,  it  is 
absolutely  necessary  to  separate  them  at  this  time.  The  heifers  have 
another  mission  to  fulfill,  and  they  become  an  annoyance  in  the  feed 
lot  which  prevents  the  best  of  gains,  and  I  believe  it  is  just  as  well  to 
turn  the  heifers  over  to  the  butcher  at  from  twelve  to  fourteen  months  of 
age.  This  will  give  you  the  advantage  of  a  May  or  June  market,  which 
is  usually  good.  Your  heifers,  if  w^ell  cared  for,  will  weigh  around  800 
pounds,  and  command  nearly  the  top  of  the  market  at  this  age  and 
weight.  I  would  like  to  add  just  a  little  more  in  regard  to  selling  these 
heifers  so  young.  They  do  not  go  on  and  grow  beef  as  do  the  steers,  but 
tend  more  to  fat-forming  instead  of  muscle-building,  and  while  they  will 
keep  on  gaining  in  weight,  it  is  more  of  a  laying  on  of  fat,  and  they 
are  soon  loaded  down  with  a  surplus  of  fat  that  the  butcher  does  not 
want  and  the  consumer  does  not  care  to  buy.  This  is  why  fat  heifers  do 
not  bring  as  much  as  steers.  To  avoid  this  condition,  an  early  marketing 
of  the  heifers  is  advisable. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  635 

We  will  continue  the  feeding  of  the  steers,  for  they  will  go  right 
on  growing  more  beef,  and  prime  beef.  The  manner  of  feeding  will  have 
been  gradually  changed.  Instead  of  giving  three  feeds  of  grain  a  day, 
as  at  weaning  time,  the  change  will  have  been  made  to  twice  a  day,  and 
now  to  once  a  day,  and  this  feed  to  be  given  in  the  evening.  They  have 
grown  in  size  and  can  consume  a  larger  amount  of  roughage,  and  we 
find  they  are  consuming  more  of  all  kinds  of  feeds.  It  is  an  important 
matter  in  feeding  young  growing  steers  that  they  be  given  an  increasing 
ration  to  keep  up  to  their  rapid  development.  The  grass  is  now  mak- 
ing its  appearance  in  an  adjoining  pasture,  and  we  will  open  the  pasture 
gate  and  let  them  have  a  nip  of  grass.  Do  not  wait  until  the  grass  has 
grown  up  large,  so  that  they  can  go  out  and  take  on  a  big  fill  of  grass  in 
a  short  time.  Rather  let  them  have  the  pasture  shortly  after  the  appear- 
ance of  grass,  and  let  them  come  with  the  grass.  Now,  here  is  where  corn 
and  cob  meal  comes  in  so  nicely,  to  help  absorb  the  succulent,  juicy 
grasses.  The  oats  can  be  omitted;  the  oil  meal  can  be  dropped  out  of  the 
ration.  But  keep  the  hay  still  in  the  feed  racks,  so  they  can  get  it  at 
will.  Perhaps  the  supply  of  ensilage  is  used  up,  and  it  can  be  discontinued 
as  the  grass  begins  to  grow.  Through  May  and  June  we  will  make  beef 
rapidly.  I  have  made  steers  gain  three  and  one-half  pounds  per  day 
for  these  months,  with  nothing  but  corn,  grass  and  clover  hay.  With 
the  approaching  days  of  summer  we  will  need  to  protect  these  steers  from 
the  ravages  of  the  flies  and  the  increasing  heat  of  the  day.  We  will  slide 
all  the  windows  of  the  .  shed  or  barn  wide  open,  and  tear  open  some 
burlap  sacks  that  contained  the  oil  meal,  and  tack  them  over  all  the 
openings.  Make  a  blanket  of  the  same  material  and  hang  in  the  doorway, 
so  that  when  the  cattle  enter,  the  blanket  will  act  as  a  brush  on  their 
backs,  and  whip  the  flies  back.  You  will  flnd  they  will  spend  much  of 
their  time  through  the  warm  summer  months  in  this  well-ventilated  shed, 
and  you  will  be  well  repaid  for  your  trouble.  As  the  autumn  approaches, 
you  wull  have  new  corn  fresh  from  the  field  to  gradually  take  the  place 
cf  the  old.  Begin  feeding  a  little  new  corn  by  cutting  stalk  and  all  while 
it  is  yet  quite  green,  and  feed  it  in  the  pasture  in  addition  to  the  old 
corn,  and  finally,  as  the  new  corn  ripens,  gradually  change  them  over  to 
new  corn  altogether.  Now,  to  give  a  nice  finish,  we  will  add  about  two 
pounds  of  cottonseed  or  oil  meal  per  head  daily.  As  Christmas-time  ap- 
proaches, we  will  have  finished  our  w^ork  with  this  lot  of  cattle.  Christ- 
mas-time is  the  time  of  the  year  that  the  whole  world  is  looking  for  a  good 
roast  of  beef  or  a  choice  steak,  and  we  will  consign  these  prime  bullocks 
to  market,  to  prepare  and  distribute  to  the  ever-increasing  holiday  trade 
for  choice  beef. 


THE  PRACTICAL  MANAGEMENT  OF  A  HOG  FARM. 

BY    H.   T.    MOKGAN. 

(In  the  Iowa  Homestead.) 
Swine  raisers  have  been  surfeited  with  advice  as  to  the  manner  in 
which  they  should  conduct  their  business  and  it  is  not  the  thought  of 
the  writer  to  indulge  in  any  "theories,"  but  rather  to  present  some  of 


636  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

the  fundamental  necessities  which  must  he  observed  by  the  successful 
grower  of  market  hogs.  The  widely  varying  conditions  under  which  hogs 
may  be  successfully  produced  make  it  quite  impossible  that  any  general 
rule  can  be  laid  down  which  will  insure  a  profit  under  all  conditions. 
There  are,  however,  some  basic  princinles  which  must  be  observed  by 
every  producer  in  order  to  Insure  even  a  moderate  degree  of  success. 
The  practical  management  of  a  hog  farm  demands  constant  watchfulness, 
and  attention  to  the  minor  details  of  the  business  is  the  price  of  success. 

One  of  the  most  successful  growers  of  market  hogs  in  the  country  lives 
in  northern  Illinois,  and  has  been  raising  market  hogs  for  fifty-three 
years.  This  man  "say?:  "The  primary  qualification  for  the  successful 
management  of  a  hog  farm  is  'hog  sense,'  and  no  man  should  attempt  to 
make  a  specialty  of  pig-raising  unless  he  likes  hogs."  "Luck"  may  be 
helpful  at  times,  but  "knowing  how"  will  pay  dividends  regularly.  This 
man  raises  but  one  crop  of  pigs  each  year  from  his  sows,  having  found 
by  experience  that  faH  pigs  for  market  purposes  cannot  be  successfully 
raised  or  profitably  grown  in  his  latitude.  During  the  fifty  odd  years 
that  this  man  has  been  growing  hogs  in  large  numbers,  and  with  cholera 
rampant  in  his  neighborhood  many  times  during  that  period,  his  escape 
from  the  ravages  of  disease  all  those  years  cannot  be  attributed  wholly 
to  "luck."  While  m.any  growers  raise  two  crops  of  pigs  each  year,  it 
must  be  conceded  that  in  the  section  of  the  country  lying  north  of  the 
42d  parallel,  the  profits  derived  from  fall  farrowed  pigs  will  be  very  much 
below  the  average  profits  from  spring  farrowed- pigs.  The  record  of  the 
annual  food  production  of  the  hog  is  incomplete.  We  have  a  record  of 
the  commercial  hog,  but  the  value  of  the  millions  that  are  slaughtered  on 
the  farm,  together  with  the  kill  in  the  small  towns  and  small  packing 
plants  cannot  even  be  approxim-ated.  The  figures  available  are  interesting 
and  convincing  of  the  vast  importance  of  the  yearly  pork  crop  of  the 
country. 

There  are  a  number  of  states  that  grow  hogs  by  the  million  and  are 
not  rated  as  pork-producing  states  in  a  commercial  sense,  and  the  by- 
product left  on  the  farm  in  the  shape  of  manure  must  be  credited  to  the 
hog.  During  the  forty-six  years  that  the  present  Union  Stock  Yards  have 
been  in  operation,  Chicago  has  received  275,000,000  hogs.  The  record  of 
the  greatest  one-year  production  of  hogs  in  the  United  States  was  in 
1908.  The  receipts  at  thirteen  principal  markets  for  that  year  reached 
the  enormous  total  of  31,778,717  hogs.  This  is  the  best  possible  statistical 
demonstration  of  the  immensity  of  the  swine  industry.  Add  to  the  number 
received  at  the  above  thirteen  markets,  the  millions  that  were  sold  at 
the  thousands  of  smaller  markets,  and  the  hogs  slaughtered  for  home 
consumption  on  the  thousands  of  farms  of  the  United  States  and  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  "humble  hog"  occupies  a  most  prominent  place  in  the 
very  foundation  of  our  agricultural  system,  and  that  as  a  creator  of  new 
wealth,  at  least  in  the  corn-producing  states,  the  American  hog  leads  the 
list  of  domestic  animals.  Mr.  J.  Ogden  Armour  recently  said:  "Without 
the  contribution  of  the  American  hog  to  the  food  supply,  a  semi-famine 
of  meats  would  be  created,  and  if  I  were  asked  to  enumerate  the  great 
calamities  possible  to  the  human  race,  I  would  place  the  extinction  of 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  637 

the  American  hog  well  at  the  top  of  the  list."  A  comparison  of  the 
growth  of  the  swine  industry  expressed  in  monetary  values  is  found  in  the 
fact  that  the  market  value  of  the  commercial  hog  crop  in  1873-4,  at  all 
points  reporting,  was  $75,000,000  in  round  figures,  while  that  of  the  killing 
year  ending  March  1,  1911,  was  $424,328,000,  the  high  prices  of  that  year 
offsetting  diminished  production.  During  thirty-seven  years,  from  1873  to 
1910,  the  commercial  hog  crop  of  the  country  sold  for  approximately  seven 
billion  dollars.  An  almost  incredible  amount  of  wealth  has  been  accumu- 
lated in  the  principal  hog-growing  states  during  the  past  half  century  by 
hog  production.  An  illustration  of  this  is  afforded  by  the  statement  of  an 
Iowa  banker  that  two-thirds  of  deposits  of  nearly  one  million  dollars  in 
his  institution  was  hog  money,  and  the  same  factor  created  much  of  the 
accumulation  of  the  two  other  banks  of  his  town.  "I  make  this  state- 
ment advisedly,"  he  added,  "because  hog  buyers  pay  for  their  purchases 
with  checks  which  are  promptly  deposited.  Cattle  feeders  must  deduct 
from  their  gross  sales  the  original  cost  of  the  feeders,  but  money  real- 
ized for  hogs  represents  newly  created  wealth,  and  each  year  this  pro- 
duction  process   is  repeated." 

The  hog  is  legatee  to  some  very  serious  diseases  and  probably  nature 
has  designed  them  as  a  restraint  to  overproduction.  It  must  be  admitted 
that  as  repressive  measures  these  diseases  are  highly  successful.  A  large 
percentage  of  the  mortality  among  hogs  is  due  to  overcrowding,  and 
failure  to  provide  abundant  quarters  with  proper  ventilation  is  bound 
to  invite  reprisals  in  the  shape  of  an  outbreak  of  cholera,  or  some  other 
virulent  disease.  It  is  a  law  of  nature  that  overcrowding  increases  mor- 
tality and  this  law  applies  equally  to  all  living  things.  That  crowding 
the  farm  is  to  invite  disease  may  be  questioned  by  some,  but  I  submit 
that  in  years  when  the  pig  crop  is  light,  cholera  is  seldom  in  evidence 
and,  for  the  same  reason,  a  high-priced  pig  crop  is  usually  a  healthy  one. 

The  necessity  for  selecting  a  well-drained  location  for  the  hog  plant  is 
recognized  by  all  practical  growers.  Dampness  is  sure  death  to  young 
pigs  and  adult  hogs  soon  become  unthrifty  if  confined  in  perpetually 
damp  quarters,  and  for  this  reason  hog  houses  of  cement  construction 
are  seldom  found  satisfactory.  Sunshine,  ventilation  and  exercise  are 
three  essentials  in  hog  growing  that  are  most  frequently  overlooked. 
A  Wisconsin  breeder  once  said:  "I  raise  my  hogs  on  sunshine,  pure 
air  and  enough  other  food  to  make  up  a  balanced  ration."  I  know  of  no 
better  method  of  raising  healthy  hogs.  It  has  been  observed  that  hogs 
seem  to  thrive  best  on  a  sandy  or  gravelly  soil.  This  sort  of  land  affords 
the  best  of  drainage,  and  sanitation  becomes  less  a  problem.  Soils  of 
this  character  are  nearly  always  suited  to  the  growth  of  clover  or  other 
leguminous  plants  and  profitable  hog  production  is  likely  to  depend 
largely  upon  the  quality  and  extent  of  your  pastures.  Any  farm  that  is 
adapted  to  hog  raising  should  grow  practically  all  the  grain  and  rough- 
age essential  to  the  welfare  of  the  pig.  Packers  do  not  discriminate  as 
to  breed,  and  market  prices  are  governed  by  the  condition  of  the  animal 
rather  than  by  the  breed  he  represents. 

Generally  speaking,  the  hog  to  grow  is  the  breed  you  like  best.  All 
the  standard  breeds  of  swine  are  so  well  established  that  there  seems  to 


638  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

bo  but  little  difference  in  their  feeding  qualities.  It  is  a  fact,  however, 
that  certain  breeds  are  especially  adapted  to  certain  conditions,  and  in 
localities  where  a  breed  has  become  popularized,  it  is  best  to  stick  to  that 
breed.  Community  interests  are  strengthened  by  breeding  stock  of  a 
uniform  kind.  One  of  the  most  extensive  stock  breeders  and  feeders  in 
Illinois  once  related  to  me  how  he  came  to  adopt  a  certain  breed  of  hogs 
and  commence  raising  pure  breds  after  having  for  many  years  raised 
grades.  This  feeder  usually  fed  several  hundred  steers  each  year  and 
as  a  rule  would  have  about  two  hogs  to  each  steer  in  the  feed  lots.  These 
hogs  were  of  all  breeds  and  crosses  as  most  of  them  were  bought  from 
the  neighboring  farmers.  Here  is  the  story:  "A  few  years  ago  I  had 
about  one  hundred  steers  on  feed  with  around  200  hogs  and  pigs  follow- 
ing. Among  these  hogs  were  several  sows  with  litters,  and  two  of  these 
sows  happened  to  be  pure-bred  Berkshires  with  large  litters  of  pigs,  six 
or  eight  weeks  old.  Early  one  morning  I  was  awakened  by  a  man  who 
drove  into  the  yard  to  tell  me  that  my  steers  and  hogs  had  broken  out 
and  could  be  found  several  miles  down  the  road.  I  immediately  started 
after  them  and  in  the  first  mile  or  two  I  passed  a  number  of  my  hogs. 
When  I  overtook  the  main  body  of  cattle  fully  four  miles  from  home  I 
was  greatly  surprised  to  see  the  two  Berkshire  sows  with  all  their  pigs 
close  up  to  the  cattle  and  industriously  w^orking  over  the  droppings  from 
the  steers.  As  these  were  the  only  Berkshires  I  owned  and  as  they  were 
the  only  hogs  that  followed  the  cattle  more  than  two  miles,  I  was  very 
much  impressed  by  such  a  display  of  vigor  and  'industry'  and  I  at  once 
determined  thereafter  to  keep  only  pure-bred  Berkshires  on  my  farm." 
I  may  add  that  since  that  time,  this  man  has  sold  upwards  of  $40,000 
worth  of  Berkshires  from  his  farm  in  one  year,  and  now  owns  one  of  the 
most  noted  herds  of  the  breed  in  the  world. 

The  producer  who  grows  hogs  for  the  market  shpuld  use  only  pure- 
bred sires  and  while,  of  course,  pure-bred  sows  are  the  more  desirable, 
one  can  by  intelligent  care  in  selecting  breeding  sows  from  among  the 
grades,  establish  a  profitable  and  uniform  breeding  herd.  To  be  on  the 
safe  side  the  grower  of  market  hogs  should  change  boars  each  year,  or  at 
all  events,  avoid  in-breeding.  It  is  unv/ise  to  use  immature  boars,  and 
under  no  circumstances  should  much  dependence  be  placed  on  boars  under 
twelve  to  fifteen  months  of  age.  Too  many  farmers  use  boars  of  eight 
or  nine  months  and  frequent  disappointments  are  the  result.  While  an 
eight-months-old  boar  may  be  used  with  safety  on  three  or  four  sows, 
to  attempt  to  breed  upwards  of  ten  to  twenty  sows  to  a  boar  under 
one  year  old  is  bound  to  result  disastrously.  In  the  selection  of  gilts  to 
be  used  as  breeders  one  should  pick  those  that  incline  somewhat  to  coarse- 
ness rather  than  one  which  is  fine  of  bone  and  inclined  to  compactness 
of  form.  As  a  rule,  the  coarser  type  will  be  far  more  satisfactory  in  that 
they  will  produce  larger  litters  and  possess  the  ability  to  raise  them. 
The  brood  sow  should  have  good  width  between  the  eyes,  great  depth,  a 
broad,  level,  or  slightly  arched  back  and  large  bones  of  good  quality. 
"Quality  in  the  bone  is  indicated  by  the  absence  of  unduly  large  and 
loose  joints.  Never  select  for  a  breeding  animal  one  which  shows  a  droop 
immediately  back  of  the  shoulder,  as  such  weakness  is  a  sure  indication 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  63i^ 

of  a  lack  of  vitality.  Never  retain  a  poor  mother  and  do  not  send  a  good 
one  to  market  so  long  as  she  will  produce  and  raise  a  good  litter.  The 
hog  farm's  capital  is  the  breeding  herd,  and  an  average  of  nine  or  ten 
pigs  to  the  litter  should  be  raised,  and  a  herd  that  will  do  that  will  pay 
good  dividends.  A  competent  hog  grower  should  mature  90  per  cent  of 
all  the  pigs  farrowed,  and  while  I  am  well  aware  that  but  few  men 
accomplish  this,  it  can  be  done  Too  little  attention  is  paid  to  the  sow 
before,  and  immediately  after  farrowing,  and  right  here  is  found  the 
reason  w^hy  so  few  growers  succeed  in  maturing  over  75  per  cent  of  the 
pigs  farrowed." 

Three  points  which  should  be  considered  by  all  breeders  as  most  vitally 
affecting  economy  of  production  are:  prolificacy,  quality  and  size.  The 
fecundity,  or  prolificacy  of  the  hog  should  be  encouraged  and  cultivated 
by  careful  selection  and  proper  care  and  feed.  No  other  meat-producing 
animal,  aside  from  poultry,  is  capable  of  producing  so  large  a  number 
of  young  in  a  year  as  is  the  hog.  The  brood  sow  that  will  raise  eight  to 
ten  pigs  to  a  litter  is  more  than  twice  as  valuable  as  the  sow  that  will 
raise  but  four  or  five  to  a  litter.  If  the  sow  that  raises  but  four  or  five 
pigs  to  a  litter  will  pay  expenses,  the  sow  that  will  raise  twice  this  num- 
ber is  obviously  a  money  maker  and  deserving  of  the  best  of  care. 

While  "quality"  is  a  thing  rather  difficult  to  describe,  it  is  recognized 
by  the  producer  as  a  valuable  asset,  as  it  means  greater  profit  from  the 
herd.  Buyers  are  always  ready  to  pay  a  substantial  premium  for  quality 
and  the  markets  have  never  yet  been  overrun  with  an  oversupply  of 
high-class  hogs.  The  size  of  a  hog  is  a  point  that  is  but  seldom  given  the 
consideration  it  deserves.  In  general,  the  market  demands  favor  a  hog 
weighing  from  180  to  225  pounds.  Incidentally,  these  w^eights  usually 
represent  the  most  economical  weights  to  produce.  With  these  weights 
in  mind,  it  is  often  claimed  that  it  is  not  necessary  to  keep  breeding 
animals  weighing  500  to  700  pounds.  This,  however,  is  a  superficial  view- 
point, for,  while  the  packer  does  not  demand  these  heavyweights,  size 
in  the  breeding  stock  is  necessary  in  order  that  the  pig  may  have  in- 
herited size  which  makes  for  early  growth.  Large  mature  weights  are 
essential  for  its  rapid  growth  during  the  first  nine  months  of  the  pig's 
life.  The  more  nearly  maturity  is  approached,  the  more  expensive  are 
the  gains  produced  and  consequently  the  larger  the  breeding  stock  the 
earlier  will  be  the  age  at  which  the  hog  will  reach  a  desirable  market 
weight  and  the  more  economical  will  be  the  gains.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
hog  that  cannot  be  put  on  the  market  until  it  reaches  maturity  is  not 
a  desirable  animal  to  raise,  for  the  hog,  as  a  rule,  does  not  reach  maturity 
until  about  two  years  of  age.  During  the  past  thirty  years  the  matter 
of  early  maturity  in  hogs  has  been  receiving  much  attention  at  the 
hands  of  breeders  and  this  point  has  been  greatly  developed  in  certain 
breeds.  In  the  case  of  at  least  two  of  the  breeds,  this  early  maturing 
characteristic  has  been  developed  to  a  point  beyond  a  profitable  stage. 
Most  of  the  established  breeds  are  of  such  character,  how^ever,  that  pigs 
may  be  put  into  desirable  market  condition  at  almost  any  age  during 
their  early  life,  but  the  trouble  in  the  case  of  the  two  exceptions  above 
noted  is  that  they  mature  too  early  to  admit  of  the  most  profitable  growth. 


640  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

In  view  of  the  above  facts,  it  is  obvious  that  for  the  most  economical 
production  of  pork,  the  time  at  which  the  hog  comes  to  maturity  should 
be  extended  as  far  as  may  be  consistent  with  the  best  form  and  quality. 
The  successful  hog  grower  watches  the  market  and  aims  to  supply  the 
w^eights  most  in  demand,  and  while  it  sometimes  occurs  that  heavy  hogs 
are  in  demand  at  a  premium,  it  is  but  seldom  that  other  than  weights 
around  210  pounds  are  in  most  urgent  demand.  The  head  of  one  of  the 
large  packing  plants  at  Chicago  recently  stated  the  fact  that  in  late  years 
the  quality  of  the  hogs  received  at  Chicago  had  depreciated  and  gave  as 
a  reason  that  more  hogs  were  being  shipped  off  grass.  While  the  grass- 
fed  hog  will  not  dress  out  as  profitably  as  one  that  has  been  fed  (or  at 
least  finished)  on  corn,  it  is  indeed  gratifying  to  observe  that  the  corn- 
belt  farmer  is  waking  up  to  the  economic  necessity  of  growing  his  hogs 
on  grass.  The  packer  referred  to  also  stated  that  of  recent  years,  tank- 
age has  found  a  broad  and  increasing  demand  from  hog  raisers  who 
realize  its  protein  value  as  a  balance  for  the  heavy  corn  ration  fed  to 
many  hogs,  especially  those  that  are  fattened  in  the  winter. 

The  strongest  emphasis  is  laid  upon  the  necessity  of  growing  hogs  on 
grass  and  clover.  If  alfalfa  is  available,  the  problem  of  early  and  profit- 
able growth  is  solved.  Summarizing  the  experience  of  successful  hog 
farmers  I  would  enumerate  the  following  rules  which,  while  not  inflexible, 
will  be  found  applicable  to  almost  all  localities  and  conditions  where 
profitable  production  of  hogs  may  be  carried  on:  First,  careful  and 
intelligent  selection  of  the  breeding  stock  with  a  view  of  fixing  the 
characteristics  of  prolificacy  and  size;  proper  care  of  the  sow  during  the 
period  of  gestation  and  at  farrowing,  and  with  special  care  for  at  least 
two  weeks  after  farrowing;  forcing  both  breeding  stock  and  pigs  to  take 
abundant  exercise  at  all  seasons;  abundance  of  grass  and  especially 
clover  and  the  limited  use  of  corn  until  the  finishing  period;  avoid  so 
far  as  possible  the  use  of  gilts  in  the  breeding  herd  and  never  breed  them 
to  farrow  a  first  litter  under  fifteen  months  of  age.  The  difference  in 
weight  between  the  litter  of  a  gilt  and  a  litter  from  a  three-year-old  sow 
will  average  twenty  pounds  per  pig  at  the  age  of  five  months,  in  favor 
of  the  pigs  form  the  mature  sow;  avoid  inbreeding  and  to  be  on  the  safe 
side,  change  boars  each  year;  keep  a  good  mother  so  long  as  she  is 
serviceable;  house  the  herd  comfortably;  keep  the  bedding  dry  and 
thoroughly  ventilate  the  sleeping  quarters.  A  hog  will  stand  a  low  tem- 
perature if  kept  dry  and  supplied  with  pure  air;  supply  at  all  times  an 
abundance  of  pure  water  and  in  winter  warm  it  to  about  50  degrees  P. 
Keep  vermin  away,  and  this  means  both  on  the  outside  and  the  inside 
of  the  hog.  Do  not  use  a  dipping  tank.  A  spray  is  fully  as  efficient, 
costs  much  less,  requires  but  little  to  thoroughly  spray  the  animal,  and 
obviates  the  danger  which  attends  the  use  of  a  dipping  tank.  Crude  oil 
is  the  most  effective  remedy  for  exterminating  the  external  parasites 
which  infest  the  hog  and  it  is  also  the  most  economical  to  use,  if  applied 
with  a  spray.  If  crude  oil  is  sprayed  about  the  pens  and  sleeping  quarters 
occasionally  it  will  not  be  difficult  to  keep  these  pests  in  subjection. 
Cleanliness  is  essential  to  the  profitable  growing  of  hogs  and  supporting 
parasites  is  unprofitable. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XH  641 

While  hog  farming  offers  an  inviting  field — probably  never  was  the 
outlook  so  bright  for  continued  high  prices^ — I  would  advise  against  any 
man's  undertaking  to  establish  such  a  business  unless  he  has  available 
land  for  pasture  or  is  so  situated  as  to  be  able  to  grow  soiling  crops  for 
hog  forage  throughout  the  growing  season.  Of  equal  importance  is  the 
necessity  for  having  perfect  drainage,  and  by  all  means  remember,  "Suc- 
cess cannot  attend  the  enterprise  nnless  you  have  a  liking  for  the  hog." 

It  is  in  the  United  States  that  the  porcine  species  has  acquired  his 
greatest  importance  and  reached  his  highest  development  and  it  is  in  the 
corn  belt  that  he  thrives  as  in  no  other  country  in  the  world. 


A  SOIL  SURVEY  IS  NEEDED  IN  IOWA. 

W.    ir.    STEVE?CSON    IN    FARMER    &    BREEDER. 

I  am  glad  to  take  this  opportunity  to  explain  to  the  readers  of  Farmer 
and  Breeder  just  what  constitutes  a  Soil  Survey,  and  to  point  out  how 
such  a  survey  should  help  every  farmer  in  the  state  with  the  solution 
of  his  soil  problems,  however  difficult  they  may  appear  to  be  at  first. 

Ten  or  twelve  years  ago,  a  soil  survey  was  a  new  line  of  work.  Few  if 
any,  agricultural  experiment  stations  at  that  time  were  making  surveys, 
even  to  a  limited  extent.  The  Bureau  of  Soils  of  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, was  doing  some  excellent  pioneer  work.  At  the  present  a  goodly 
number  of  states,  through  their  respective  experiment  stations,  are  car- 
rying on  detail  soil  surveys.  This  work  has  proved  to  be  of  such  funda- 
mental value  to  agriculture  and  is  looked  upon  with  such  favor  by 
farmers  and  business  men  alike,  that  it  is  not  strange  that  there  is  now 
a  widespread  and  popular  demand  for  the  introduction  or  extension  of 
soil  surveys  in  nearly  all  the  states  of  the  Middle  West. 

A  detail  soil  survey  of  any  given  area,  for  instance  a  county,  consists 
essentially  of  indicating  on  a  map  the  location  and  extent  of  the  different 
soil  types,  and  in  giving  the  total  plant  food  content  of  these  types.  A 
soil  type  is  an  area  of  land  within  the  boundaries  of  which  the  soil  pos- 
sesses more  or  less  definite  characteristics.  Among  these  may  be  listed 
the  following:  (1)  the  geological  origin  of  the  soil;  (2)  the  lay  of  the 
land;  (3)  the  depth  and  character  of  the  various  strata  or  zones  of  soil, 
namely  the  surface,  subsurface,  and  subsoil;  (4)  the  physical  or  mechan- 
ical composition  of  the  soil  in  these  different  strata,  as  the  percentages 
of  clay,  silt,  sand,  and  gravel  which  they  contain;  (5)  the  texture,  plas- 
ticity, granulation,  porosity,  etc.;  (6)  the  color  of  the  strata;  (7)  the 
drainage;  (8)  agricultural  value,  based  upon  the  power  of  the  soil  to 
produce  crops;  (9)  native  vegetation;  and  (10)  content  of  plant  food 
and  the  presence  or  absence  of  acids  or  other  detrimental  constituents. 

In  the  case  of  an  accurate  soil  survey,  the  exact  location  of  every  road, 
stream  and  railroad,  is  determined  by  the  surveyors  and  recorded  on  a 
map.  Each  section  of  land,  or  square  mile,  is  divided  into  forty-acre 
plots  on  the  map  before  work  in  the  field  is  started,  and  then  each  ten- 
acre  tract  is  inspected  by  the  surveyor  for  the  purpose  of  determining 
41 


642  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

the  type  or  types  of  soil  composing  it.  When  this  has  been  done  the 
different  types  are  indicated  on  the  map  by  different  colors.  Some  excel- 
lent colored  soil  survey  maps  have  been  recently  published  by  the  Illinois 
Experiment  Station  in  their  Soil  Reports  Nos.  1  to  3  inclusive,  and  many 
good  maps  showing  less  detail  are  to  be  found  in  the  annual  reports  of 
the  Bureau  of  Soils. 

When  the  soil  survey  of  a  given  county  is  completed,  the  map  shows 
all  the  soil  types  in  the  county  and  the  exact  area  which  each  type  covers. 
It  shows  the  part  of  the  county  w^herein  the  more  common  types  of  soil 
are  found  and  also  the  location  of  any  peat,  gumbo,  sand  or  gravel,  as 
well  as  the  areas  which  are  rough  and  broken  and  those  which  are  espe- 
cially adapted  to  any  particular  crop.  Because  of  these  facts,  a  survey 
is  of  great  practical  value  to  the  man  w^ho  desires  definite  knowledge 
regarding  general  cropping  conditions  or  the  fitness  of  a  certain  area  or 
soil  type  for  a  given  crop.  The  latter  point  is  nicely  illustrated  in  the 
production  of  sugar  beets  in  Bremer  county,  Iowa.  The  growing  of  this 
crop  in  that  section  of  the  state  for  a  period  of  five  years  or  more,  has 
shown  that  beet  growing  is  much  more  profitable  on  certain  soil  types 
than  on  others;  in  fact  that  the  business  is  not  successful  on  some  of 
the  more  sandy  types.  Clearly  it  is  important  that  the  owners  of  these 
Bremer  county  soils  or  that  prospective  settlers  w^ho  may  desire  to  grow 
beets,  should  know  the  exact  location  of  the  "beet"  soils.  The  survey  now 
in  progress  in  that  county  will  determine  the  exact  acreage  and  location 
of  each  soil  type,  and  thus  the  "beet"  lands  can  easily  be  found  by  any- 
one who  will  consult  the  soil  map  which  will  be  published  later  by  the 
Iowa  Experiment  Station  and  the  Bureau  of  Soils. 

This  is  only  one  illustration  of  hundreds,  or  even  thousands,  that  might 
be  given  to  show  the  practical  helpfulness  of  a  knowledge  of  soil  types 
and  of  their  location  based  on  a  detail  survey. 

While  the  field  work  of  a  survey  is  in  progress,  many  samples  of  soil 
representing  each  type  are  collected,  in  order  that  physical  and  chemical 
analyses  may  be  made.  The  physical  analysis  fixes  the  exact  per  cent  of 
clay,  silt,  sand,  gravel,  and  stone  in  each  type.  These  data  aid  the  sur- 
veyor to  determine  definitely  the  texture  of  the  soil,  and  also  the  differ- 
ence in  textural  conditions  between  the  surface  stratum  and  the  under- 
lying subsoil.  Facts  of  this  character  often  have  an  important  bearing 
upon  drainage  problems,  and  also  upon  the  adaptation  of  soils  to  particular 
crops. 

The  chemical  analysis  gives  the  total  supply  of  plant  food  in  each 
soil  type  and  the  organic  matter  content  of  each  type,  but  the  rate  of 
liberation  is  governed  by  many  factors," some  of  which  may  be  controlled 
by  the  farmer  while  others  are  for  the  most  part  beyond  his  control. 
We  thus  see  that  a  soil  survey  gives  an  accurate  invoice  of  the  plant  food 
actually  present  in  the  different  soil  strata  (samples  for  analyses  are 
usually  taken  to  a  depth  of  40  inches  and  represent  three  strata;  namely 
the  surface,  subsurface,  and  subsoil). 

The  facts  stated  above  show  that  a  soil  survey,  when  completed,  fur- 
nishes information  concerning:     (1)  The  location  and  area  of  the  different 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  643 

soil  types;  (2)  the  physical  or  mechanical  composition  of  the  soil;  and 
(3)  the  total  supply  of  plant  food  in  each  type  of  soil. 

The  statement  has  been  made  that  the  facts  secured  by  a  soil  survey 
are  often  helpful  from  the  standpoint  of  the  adaptation  of  soils  to  crops, 
drainage  problems,  etc.  This  is  true,  but  we  must  not  lose  sight  of  the 
fact  that  a  survey  is  primarily  valuable  because  it  shows  what  our  soil 
problems  are,  where  they  exist,  and  the  extent  of  country  affected. 

This  means,  of  course,  that  additional  soil  studies  must  be  undertaken, 
if  these  problems  are  to  be  solved  successfully.  This  point  deserves 
emphasis.  We  are  certain  that  it  would  be  a  grave  mistake  for  any  state 
or  federal  agency  to  base  its  soil  studies  in  the  field  wholly  upon  a  soil 
survey.  This  is  true,  because  a  landowner  can  not  get  even  approximately 
the  full  measure  of  benefit  from  a  survey  unless  the  facts  contained 
therein  are  interpreted  in  terms  of  his  local  soil  problems.  For  instance, 
a  survey  report  indicates  on  the  map  that  60  per  cent  of  a  farmer's  land 
is  brown  silt  loam,  and  the  remaining  40  per  cent  is  black  clay  loam. 
Of  what  value  is  this  information?  The  farmer  has  probably  determined 
from  observation  that  certain  crops  commonly  grown  in  the  locality,  do 
better  on  one  type  than  on  the  other,  or  that  a  certain  system  of  soil 
management  already  in  general  use  seems  to  be  especially  adapted  to  one 
of  these  soil  types,  but  not  to  the  other.  The  chances  are  that  these 
observations,  based  on  purely  local  conditions,  would  have  been  made  had 
no  survey  been  carried  on. 

The  point  of  vital  importance  to  the  farmer  is  this:  Are  the  crops 
which  I  am  growing  the  most  profitable  for  the  types  of  soil  on  my  farm; 
are  my  rotations  and  my  systems  of  soil  management  of  such  a  character 
as  to  enable  me  to  secure  maximum  crop  yields? 

Now  a  soil  survey  does  not  answer  these  questions,  nor  solve  the  prob- 
lems involved;  it  merely  indicates  the  problems  and  suggests  certain 
lines  of  investigations  for  the  different  types  of  soil.  Again,  the  soil 
survey  report  carries  the  information  that  the  brown  silt  loam,  for  in- 
stance, which  is  found  in  the  county  as  indicated  on  the  map,  contains 
per  acre  in  the  surface  soil,  let  us  say,  3,000  pounds  total  nitrogen,  700 
pounds  total  phosphorus,  and  24,000  pounds  total  potassium.  What  use 
can  the  farmer  make  of  these  data?  It  must  be  confessed  that  they  will 
not  help  him  very  much  with  his  fertility  problems  unless  they  are  cor- 
related with  data  from  some  field  experiments. 

However,  if  a  soil  survey  is  followed  by  a  series  of  field  experiments 
to  determine  crop  adaptations,  suitable  rotations,  and  the  absolute  needs 
of  the  various  types  of  soils  for  different  fertilizing  materials,  such  as 
manure,  limestone,  phosphorus,  etc.,  then  the  survey  and  the  field  experi- 
ments supplement  each  other  and  each  is  made  a  potent  factor  for  soil 
improvement.  The  survey  indicates  a  probable  shortage  of  some  essential 
plant  food  constituent,  the  presence  of  acid,  or  the  existence  of  some 
unfavorable  physical  condition  of  the  soil.  The  field  investigations,  based 
in  part  at  least  on  the  indications  of_the  survey,  are  carried  on  in  such 
a  way  as  to  prove,  if  possible,  that  certain  methods  of  soil  management 
or  the  application  of  one  or  more  fertilizers  will  increase  crop  yields  and 
tend  to  build  up  the  productive  capacity  of  the  soil. 


644  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

A  combination  of  soil  studies  of  this  kind  can  not  fail  to  bring  together 
a  fund  of  knowledge  regarding  the  soils  of  a  given  area  which  will  prac- 
tically revolutionize  the  soil  management  practises  of  that  area,  if  the 
land-owners  are  alive  to  the  opportunities  which  are  opened  up  for  them. 
If  there  be  any  doubt  regarding  this  point,  let  it  be  remembered  that 
Illinois  agriculture  can  produce  many  instances  of  sections  where  entirely 
new  methods  of  soil  management  are  now  in  vogue,  because  of  the  com- 
bined influence  of  the  soil  survey  and  field  investigations,  the  purpose 
of  which  were  to  determine  the  fertilizer  requirements  of  the  soils. 

Iowa  is  a  great  agricultural  state;  her  climate,  soils,  and  position  with 
reference  to  markets,  all  tend  to  make  the  production  of  farm  crops  within 
her  borders  a  profitable  business.  But  even  now,  after  a  half  century  of 
cropping,  many  Iowa  soils  are  going  back  in  productive  capacity,  and 
they  will  continue  to  go  back  even  more  rapidly  unless  better  methods 
of  soil  management  are  adopted.  In  our  judgment,  there  are  no  factors 
which  will  count  for  as  much  in  this  direction  as  a  state-wide  detail  soil 
survey,  and  the  installation  and  maintenance  of  a  group  of  soil  experi- 
ment fields  scattered  over  the  state  in  such  a  way  as  to  have  at  least 
one  station  on  each  of  the  principal  types  of  soil.  The  Iowa  Experiment 
Station  is  ready,  and  even  anxious,  to  carry  on  both  of  these  lines  of 
work.  Will  the  farmers  of  Iowa  urge  the  legislature  to  make  the  neces- 
sary appropriation  for  the  work?  If  they  do  this,  there  will  soon  be 
under  way  in  our  state  a  helpful  series  of  soil  studies.  If  they  do  not 
ask  for  financial  support  for  this  work,  Iowa  must  continue  to  lag  behind 
most  of  the  other  states  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  so  far  as  soils  investiga- 
tions are  concerned. 


REPORT    OP   THE    ANNUAL    MEETING    OF    THE    IOWA   BEEF    PRO- 
DUCERS' ASSOCIATION,  HELD  AT  DES  MOINES,  JAN.  29,  1913. 

Crops  marketed  on  the  hoof  as  beef  cattle  bring  larger  profits  than 
when  marketed  directly  as  grain  and  hay.  That  was  the  first  reason 
why  more  beef  cattle  should  be  grown  in  Iowa,  urged  by  the  speakers  at 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  Iowa  Beef  Producers'  Association,  held  at  Des 
Moines,  Jan.  29,  1913. 

The  next  big  factor  in  favor  of  beef  production  rather  than  grain 
farming  for  Iowa  farms  was  that  less  fertility  is  sold  from  the  farm 
when  crops  are  marketed  as  live  stock  products  rather  than  sold  through 
the  elevator. 

There  was  a  three  billion  bushel  corn  crop  produced  in  the  United 
States  last  year  and  Iowa  grew  more  than  her  share  of  this,  but  there 
was  less  beef  produced  in  Iowa  in  1912  than  in  1911.  The  supply  of 
live  stock  is  less  at  the  beginning  of  1913  than  at  the  start  of  1912  said 
President  Escher  in  his  address  at  the  evening  meeting  of  the  Association. 

"There  is  no  danger  of  overproduction  of  beef  in  Iowa.  It  will  re- 
quire at  least  seven  years  at  the  very  least  for  the  United  States  to  get 
back  to  her  normal  supply  of  beef  cattle,  and  by  that  time  the  population 
will  have  increased  another  ten  millions." 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR   BOOK— PART  XH  645 

Live  stock  farming  was  upheld  as  the  highest  type  of  agriculture  as 
well  as  the  best  ])aying  one.  Half  of  the  farms  of  the  state  should  be 
producing  some  beef  either  as  a  straight  baby  beef  proposition  or  in 
connection  with  some  milking.  It  is  Mr.  Escher's  opinion  that  a  carload 
of  baby  beeves  from  each  of  100,000  Iowa  farms  each  year  would  not 
mean  overproduction  for  the  state.  Pacific  coast  markets  are  taking  and 
will  continue  to  take  a  large  share  of  Western  beef  as  fast  as  it  is 
produced.  Eastern  markets  must  be  supplied  largely  from  the  corn  belt 
states.  Iowa  should  produce  at  least  her  share  of  this.  What  Iowa  needs 
to  increase  profits  in  farming,  make  farm  life  more  attractive  and  farmers 
more  contented,  and  to  keep  up  the  fertility  of  the  Iowa  farm  is  more 
of  the  "Old  Cow." 

Prof.  W.  J.  Kennedy  pointed  out  that  from  both  the  steer  feeder's  and 
the  beef  eater's  standpoint  the  situation  is  alarming.  With  a  total  beef 
cattle  supply  estimated  at  35,000,000  head  against  better  than  50,000,000 
head  twelve  years  ago,  accompanied  by  a  20,000,0'00  increase  in  popula- 
tion in  the  United  States,  it  is  small  wonder  that  feeding  cattle  and 
beefsteak  are  both  high. 

Two  methods  of  beef  production  were  outlined  by  Prof.  Kennedy,  who 
talked  on  "Producing  Beef  on  $250.00  Land."  First  was  the  straight  baby 
beef  method  where  the  calves  are  allowed  to  follow  their  mothers  on  pas- 
ture, with  some  grain  after  the  first  two  months  are  past.  These  calves 
are  pushed  as  rapidly  as  possible  and  sold  when  weighing  around  1,000 
to  1,100  pounds  at  from  fifteen  to  eighteen  months  of  age.  The  other 
method  of  beef  production  recommended  is  where  beef  and  milk  are 
produced  together  from  cows  of  some  ability  in  both  directions.  The 
cows  are  milked  and  the  calves  are  grown  to  yearlings  on  skim  milk 
or  possibly  two  calves  are  allowed  to  suck  one  cow. 

The  finishing  process  takes  longer  and  the  calves  do  not  reach  market 
till  from  twenty-four  to  thirty  months  of  age,  weighing  from  1,200  to 
1,300  pounds  or  better.  Either  method  was  shown  to  be  sufficiently 
profitable  to  net  six  per  cent  on  $250.00  land  if  present  prices  could  be 
secured  for  cattle.     Nor  does  Prof.  Kennedy  look  for  lower  prices. 

Rex  Beresford,  specialist  for  the  Association,  corrolx)rated  the  state- 
ments of  Prof.  Kennedy  by  shov/ing  that  twenty-four  Iowa  farmers  had 
produced  baby  beef  during  the  last  year  at  a  profit  on  high  priced  land 
and  with  high  priced  feeds.  Eight  hundred  sixteen  of  these  calves  were 
grown  by  these  men  during  1911  to  fourteen  and  one-half  months  of  age 
and  marketed  weighing  832  pounds  at  $8.30  a  cwt.  or  $69.00  a  head.  The 
average  cost  of  producing  these  calves  on  the  high  priced  feeds  of  1911 
was  $62.00,  leaving  a  profit  of  $7.00  a  head. 

"It  was  also  shown  that  live  stock  farms  are,  on  the  whole,  more  produc- 
tive than  grain  farms  and  that  the  average  stock  farm  is  more  productive 
than  is  the  farm  devoted  exclusively  to  grain  production.  The  average 
yields  of  ten  beef  cattle  farms  in  Iowa  were  compared  with  the  yields 
for  the  same  years  on  grain  farms  in  the  same  neighborhoods.  It  was 
found  that  for  a  five  year  period  the  cattle  farms  averaged  fourteen 
bushels  more  corn  per  acre  than  did  the  grain  farms.  Other  crop  yields 
were  very  nearly  in  proportion. 


646  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

A  short  talk  on  the  importance  of  the  beef  cattle  industry  and  of  the 
organization  of  cattle  breeder  in  the  state  was  made  by  President  R.  A. 
Pearson  of  the  Agricultural  College. 

At  the  afternoon  session  the  following  officers  were  elected,  to  serve 
for  the  year  1913: 

President,  Charles  Escher,  Jr.,  Botna,  Iowa;  Vice  President,  Cyrus  Tow, 
Norway,  Iowa;  Secretary,  George  H,  Burge,  Mount  Vernon,  Iowa;  Treas- 
urer, C.  H.  Hechtner,  Chariton,  Iowa;  Membership  Secretary,  A.  R. 
Leffler,  Bentonsport,  Iowa. 

Board  of  Directors:  W.  B.  Seeley,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa;  Fred  McCul- 
loch,  Hartwick,  Iowa;  Ira  McVicker,  Eagle  Grove,  Iowa;  D.  McArthur, 
Mason  City,  Iowa;  W.  W.  Vaughn,  Marion,  Iowa;  Ralph  Sherman,  Grin- 
nell,  Iowa;  John  Shambaugh,  Booneville,  Iowa;  C.  W.  Huntley,  Chariton, 
Iowa;  C.  W.  Hunt,  Logan,  Iowa;  Charles  Russell,  Carroll,  Iowa;  R.  W. 
Cassady,  Whiting,  Iowa. 


WHAT  CAN  IOWA  DO  TO  RELIEVE  THE  BEEF  SHORTAGE? 

An  address  delivered  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Iowa  Beef  Producers' 

Association,  January  29,  1913. 

BY    HOiSr.    CHAS.    ESCHEE,    JK.,    BOTNA,    IOWA. 

President  of  the  Iowa  Beef  Producers'  Association. 

The  year  just  closed  has  been  a  remarkable  year.  The  volume  of  our 
crops  was  never  so  great.  The  United  States  harvested  her  first  three 
billion  bushel  corn  crop.  Other  grains  have  been  harvested  in  about 
like  proportions.  There  is  a  general  abundance  except  in  live  stock 
production.  That  the  supply  of  live  stock  for  1913  will  aggregate  less 
than  the  supply  for  1912  is  the  consensus  of  opinion  by  those  capable  and 
in  a  position  to  judge.  That  it  will  require  seven  years  before  the  United 
States  can  again  get  back  to  producing  her  normal  supply  of  cattle  is 
also  predicted  by  one  who  is  regarded  as  a  keen  calculator.  And  by 
that  time  our  population  will  have  increased  another  ten  million,  proving 
that  the  shortage  will  continue  and  become  greater  as  time  goes  on.  Big 
crops  are  always  principal  factors  in  the  general  prosperity  of  an  agricul- 
tural people.  The  wheels  of  commerce  are  oiled  by  the  hand  that  feeds 
the  cow  and  holds  the  plow.  When  the  farmer  is  prosperous,  it  stimu- 
lates the  nation,  but  when  an  agricultural  people  begin  to  neglect  live 
stock  production,  sooner  or  later,  poverty  will  knock  at  the  door.  The 
population  of  the  United  States  has  doubled  every  twenty-five  years  since 
1685.  During  the  past  twelve  years  our  population  of  the  United  States 
has  increased  25%  while  our  supply  of  beef  cattle  has  decreased  more 
than  30%.  These  figures  do  not  indicate  any  immediate  relief.  Next 
year  and  each  succeeding  year  for  the  next  decade  to  come  will  see 
decreasing  receipts  in  live  stock  markets.  Whom  among  you  will  doubt 
the  vital  importance  of  this  organization.  Iowa  is  the  greatest  of  all 
the  agricultural  states  in  the  Union,  because  of  her  fertile  fields.  Iowa 
has  been  famous  as  a  cattle  feeding  state,  and  if  Iowa  continues  to  hold 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  647 

her  station  in  agriculture  she  must  get  back  into  live  stock  production. 
Agriculture  has  been  called  the  wheel  of  commerce,  and  in  my  estima- 
tion, stock  raising  is  the  main  spoke  in  this  great  agricultural  wheel. 
Being  imbued  with  a  natural  love  for  the  old  cow  and  having  foreseen 
a  beef  cattle  shortage  coming,  I  decided  to  secure  aid  for  the  encourage- 
ment of  beef  production  in  Iowa,  and  in  the  Thirty-fourth  General  As- 
sembly, we  were  successful  in  securing  an  appropriation  for  $7,500  to 
promote  the  beef  cattle  industry  in  Iowa.  Beef  production  will,  and  of 
necessity  must,  become  an  Iowa  industry.  With  it  will  come  more  silos, 
more  permanent  blue  grass  pastures,  more  alfalfa  and  clover,  less  soil 
robbing,  and  more  conservation  of  the  fertility  of  our  soils.  The  result 
will  be  less  acres  of  farming  with  increased  yields  of  forage  and  grains, 
a  more  prosperous  people,  and  an  increased  awakening  of  love  for  the 
farm.  A  prosperous  people  is  most  usually  a  contented  people.  If  the 
farmer  does  well,  he  naturally  loves  his  occupation.  Prosperity  will,  in 
most  cases,  solve  the  question  of  making  the  farm  more  attractive.  Beef 
production  is  a  topic  widely  discussed  nowadays,  and  Iowa  must  of 
necessity  send  out  her  influence  for  good  or  evil.  Will  you  lend  a  help- 
ing hand? 

There  are  over  200,000  quarter  section  farms  in  Iowa.  At  least  half 
of  these  ought  to  be  producing  some  sort  of  beef.  This  would  give  us 
100,000  farmers  in  the  entire  state,  engaged  in  beef  production.  Assum- 
ing that  these  farmers  have  farms  averaging  160  acres  each,  each  farmer 
engaged  in  the  production  of  beef  could  easily  keep  enough  cows  to 
produce  a  car  load  of  baby  beef,  (twenty  head  to  the  car).  If  each  of 
these  farmers  would  market  this  car  load  of  baby  beef,  there  would  be 
20,000  head  in  each  county  or  2,000,000  produced  on  the  farms  in  the 
state  of  Iowa.  If  these  cattle  w^ere  fed  out  as  baby  beef,  they  would 
weigh  from  1,000  to  1,200  pounds  at  eighteen  to  twenty-four  months  of 
age,  and  at  present  prices,  which  will  be  a  conservative  price  for  an 
estimate,  they  would  net  close  to  $100  per  head,  or  about  $2,000  per  car 
for  each  farmer  thus  engaged.  This  would  mean  a  net  income  for  each 
county  of  about  $2,000,000  or  a  grand  total  of  $200,000,000  for  beef  pro- 
duction in  Iowa  alone.  This  would  only  utilize  half  the  farms,  the  other 
half  could  engage  in  dairying,  truck  farming  or  exclusive  grain  farming. 

To  be  prosperous  we  must  market  our  crops  via  the  live  stock  route, 
thus  keeping  the  fertility  on  our  farms.  It  has  been  said  that  the  United 
States  was  capable  of  feeding  the  w^orld,  but  the  problem  now  confronting 
us  is,  whether  or  not  we  can,  in  years  to  come,  feed  our  own  millions. 
He  who  produces  two  blades  of  grass,  or  two  pounds  of  beef,  where 
formerly  but  one  grew,  is  a  benefactor  to  humanity.  Conservation  is  a 
prime  factor  of  importance  today.  Beef  production  is  a  matter  of  special 
interest,  and  important  to  all  the  farmers  in  the  Corn  Belt  states.  We 
have  learned  how  to  raise  the  crops  best  adapted  to  our  soils  and  climate, 
but  we  have  not  learned  that  w^e  must  return  to  our  land  a  part  of  what 
we  take  out.  The  right  manner  of  producing  beef  is  particularly  adapted 
to  the  maintenance  of  our  soil  fertility.  Each  farm  produces  a  large 
amount  of  roughage,  for  which  there  is  not,  nor  ever  will  be  any  profit- 
able market,  but  with  the  beef  herd,  you  can  profitably  use  it  all.     The 


648  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

beef  business  is  of  special  interest  just  now,  for  we  are  entering  a  period 
that  will  be  known  as  the  period  of  restoration  of  beef  production;  and 
I  think  most  farmers  now  see  that  we  must  restore  beef  cattle  on  our 
farms.  It  is  all  important  that  in  this  work  of  restoration  of  beef,  we 
adopt  the  best  and  most  economical  methods,  so  that  in  years  to  come, 
we  may  not  again  find  ourselves  engaged  in  an  unprofitable  business. 
The  silo  has  come  to  stay  and  the  time  will  come  when  silos  are  as 
common  as  corn  cribs  on  our  Iowa  farms.  It  is  only  by  the  use  of  silos 
and  better  and  more  permanent  blue  grass  pastures  that  beef  production 
on  Iowa  farms  will  be  a  profitable  business;  and  then  I  would  advise 
only  the  production  of  the  best  class  of  beef.  I  would  not  advise  anybody 
attempting  anything  short  of  it  on  our  high  priced  lands.  It  is  not  a 
((uestion  of  fattening  cattle  but  the  growing  of  beef  that  we  are  most 
especially  interested  in.  Corn  belt  farmers  must  awaken  to  the  fact  that 
if  they  expect  to  handle  cattle,  they  must  breed  them.  The  Pacific  Coast 
will  grab  the  major  portion  of  our  range-bred  cattle  from  now  on  and 
they  must  and  will  have  them — hence  if  we  wish  to  produce  beef  we 
must  raise  our  own  feeders. 


THE  BEEF  CATTLE  SITUATION  AND   ITS   SOLUTION. 

BY   \V.    J.    KEXx\EDY. 

Director  Extension  Department,  Iowa  State  College,  Ames,  Iowa. 

Why  are  beefsteaks  and  beef  cattle  so  high  as  compared  with  six,  ten 
or  fifteen  years  ago?  Will  twenty-five  cent  oats  and  thirty-five  cent  corn 
bring  the  price  of  beef  down  to  its  former  level?  These  are  some  of  the 
questions  which  people  in  every  walk  of  life  are  asking  at  the  present 
time. 

In  a  measure,  at  least,  this  question  can  be  answered  by  the  application 
of  the  law  of  supply  and  demand.  During  the  last  twelve  years  our 
population  has  increased  25  per  cent  while  our  supply  of  beef  cattle  has 
decreased  over  30  per  cent.  These  figures  would  not  indicate  any  very 
immediate  relief  to  the  consumer.  The  end  is  not  yet.  Next  year  and 
each  succeeding  year  for  at  least  three  years  will  see  a  much  shorter 
supply  of  beef  cattle  than  at  the  present  time.  This  will  be  due  to  the 
fact  that  the  present  high  prices  for  beef  cattle  are  causing  thousands 
upon  thousands  of  cows  and  heifers  to  be  sent  to  the  slaughter  house, 
which  under  ordinary  circumstances  would  and  should  be  retained  for 
breeding  purposes.  It  is  a  case  of  killing  the  goose  that  lays  the  golden 
egg. 

The  ranges  of  the  AVest,  the  Northwest  and  the  Southwest,  which  in 
the  past  constituted  the  greatest  feeder  cattle  producing  territory  in  the 
world,  have  seen  their  best  days.  They  are  carrying  today  just  about 
one-half  the  number  of  cattle  they  did  five  years  ago.  Irrigation,  "dry 
farming,"  and  the  more  general  introduction  of  sheep  have  driven  a  large 
number  of  the  range  cattle  men  out  of  the  business.  Even  the  corn  belt 
states  have  fallen  off  from  25  to  50  per  cent  in  beef  cattle  during  the 
last  ten  years. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XH  649 

In  the  past  Iowa  has  been  famous  as  a  cattle  feeding  state.  True  we 
have  had  some  "beef  producers"  but  the  vast  majority  of  our  farmers 
have  been  cattle  feeders.  From  now  on  conditions  will  gradually  change. 
Beef  production  will  become  a  more  important  industry  in  Iowa.  With 
this  will  come  more  silos,  more  bluegrass  pastures,  a  largely  increased 
acreage  of  alfalfa,  less  soil  robbing  and  a  more  permanent  form  of  agri- 
culture. 

By  cattle  feeding  we  mean  the  fattening  of  more  or  less  mature  steers 
for  the  market.  These  cattle  may  be  home  grown  or  may  be  produced 
on  the  ranges  of  the  Northwest,  the  West  or  the  Southwest.  In  the  past 
the  majority  of  such  cattle  have  come  from  the  range  and  remained  on 
the  Iowa  farm  from  four  to  twelve  months,  or  long  enough  to  make  them 
marketable  beef. 

The  problem  which  now  confronts  the  old  time  cattle  feeder  is  the 
source  of  his  supply  of  feeders.  In  former  years  the  range  produced 
an  abundance  of  feeder  cattle.  This  supply  has  fallen  off  rapidly  and 
there  is  little  prospect  of  increased  supply.  This  means  that  the  cattle 
feeder  as  we  knew  him  in  the  past  must  give  way  in  a  measure  to  the 
beef  producer. 

Beef  production  is  an  important  question  of  the  day.  Iowa  needs  on 
the  average  1,000  beef  producers  in  each  county.  Each  man  to  market 
about  eighteen  or  twenty  good  1,000  to  1,.200  pound  fat  animals  each  year 
at  from  $85  to  $100  per  head,  making  a  grand  total  of  from  $175,000,000 
to  $200,000,000  worth  of  beef  each  year.  This  would  leave  1,000  farmers 
in  the  state  for  the  dairy  business.  It  would  mean  the  marketing  of  our 
crops  in  the  form  of  meat  and  dairy  products  and  would  prove  a  wonder- 
ful aid  to  the  conservation  of  our  soil.  It  would  mean  one  or  more  silos 
on  each  farm — hence  the  utilization  of  the  corn  stalks  now  wasted.  We 
would  then  be  on  a  par  with  the  good  farmers  of  England  and  Scotland, 
and  our  land  would  be  paying  dividends  on  a  from  $200  to  $300  per  acre 
A'aluation. 

By  "beef  production"  we  mean  the  growing  and  finishing  of  our  own 
cattle  for  market.  This  requires  skill  and  good  management  to  insure 
success.  Haphazard  methods  of  breeding  and  feeding  have  no  place  on 
the  farm  of  the  "beef  producer."  Good  beef  sires  of  the  early  maturing 
kind  are  demanded.  Corn  silage,  alfalfa,  clover  and  other  palatable  forms 
of  roughage  will  be  fed  in  conjunction  with  corn,  cotton  seed  meal,  oil 
meal  or  other  nitrogenous  concentrates. 

Beef  production  may  be  carried  on  at  a  profit  on  the  Iowa  farm,  either 
as  a  straight  baby  beef  proposition  or  as  a  beef  and  milk  combination. 
By  the  selection  of  grade  beef  cows  with  a  tendency  toward  milk  pro- 
duction, milking  them  and  rearing  the  calves  on  skim  milk  and  grain 
adjuncts  it  is  not  difficult  to  make  it  a  paying  proposition.  The  butter 
made  will  provide  for  the  keep  of  the  cow  and  at  the  same  time  leave 
a  balance  on  the  right  side  of  the  ledger.  The  calves  reared  on  skim 
•milk  and  grain  should  weigh  around  700  pounds  at  twelve  months  of  age 
and  would  cost  at  the  outside  $30.  These  animals  can  be  put  on  the 
market  at  around  twenty-four  months  of  age  weighing  from  1,200  to 
1,300  pounds  and  show  good  profit  for  all  feed  consumed.     If  the  man 


650  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE  • 

wishes  to  milk  cows  tliis  method  is  the  one  recommended  as  one  that 
is  bringing  success  to  many  engaged  in  the  business. 

If  labor  is  scarce  and  no  dairjang  is  desired  why,  the  baby  beef  method 
is  the  one  to  follow.  As  good  a  grade  of  beef  cows  as  can  be  obtained, 
mated  with  a  good  pure  bred  beef  sire  of  some  one  of  the  beef  breeds 
will  produce  calves  suitable  for  making  into  baby  beef.  These  calves, 
dropped  in  the  spring  are  allowed  to  follow  the  cows  during  the  sum- 
mer and  fed  some  grain  besides,  either  in  creeps  or  in  troughs  in  sepa- 
rate pens.  When  weaned  they  are  gotten  on  full  feed  of  grain,  such 
as  corn  and  oats  with  some  oil  meal  or  cotton  seed  meal,  and  roughage 
in  which  clover  or  alfalfa  and  corn  silage  plays  the  largest  part.  The 
calves  are  made  to  weigh  around  1,000  to  1,150  pounds  at  from  fifteen 
to  eighteen  months  of  age  and  where  right  methods  of  feeding  have 
been  practiced,  and  good  stock  has  been  used  they  can  be  counted  on 
for  a  reasonable  profit  even  on  land  worth  from  $200  to  $300  per  acre. 
This  method  of  beef  production  demands  less  labor,  but  rather  more 
judgment  in  the  selection  of  sires  and  the  feeding  of  the  calves,  because 
the  payment  of  all  feed  bills  and  profits  must  come  from  the  animals 
marketed  for  beef. 


ALFALFA  MANAGEMENT  IN  IOWA. 

(Bulletin  No.   137,  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Iowa  State   College 
of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts.) 

SUMMARY. 

1.  Though  the  total  acreage  of  alfalfa  in  Iowa  is  still  comparatively 
small,  it  is  being  grown  with  considerable  success  in  all  parts  of  the  state. 

2.  Considering  every  acre  of  alfalfa  in  the  state,  the  average  yield  in 
1909  was  2.85  tons  per  acre  and  in  1910  it  was  2.7  tons. 

3.  The  average  money  value  of  the  product  of  each  acre  of  alfalfa  in 
1909  and  '10,  was  $22.80,  and  $31.32  as  compared  with  a  value  of  $16.75 
and  $15.91  for  winter  wheat  and  $17.65  and  $14.32  for  corn. 

4.  After  deducting  the  cost  of  growing  each  crop,  the  profit  from  the 
average  acre  of  alfalfa  in  1909  to  1910  was  $14.01,  as  compared  with  a 
net  profit  of  but  $3.17  for  corn  and  $4.33  for  winter  wheat. 

5.  Alfalfa  surpasses  all  our  other  farm  crops  in  feeding  value.  Each 
acre  of  alfalfa  has  averaged  a  production  of  2.6  times  as  much  protein 
as  red  clover;   2.75  times  as  much  as  corn  and  4  times  as  much  as  oats. 

6.  As  a  pasture  for  hogs,  alfalfa  has  shown  a  greater  profit  than  any 
other  crop. 

7.  Alfalfa  is  one  of  the  best  crops  we  can  grow,  as  an  aid  in  the  main- 
tenance of  soil  fertility,  each  acre  adding  to  the  farm  each  year,  over 
twice  as  much  nitrogen  and  organic  matter  as  red  clover. 

8.  Alfalfa  seedings  iu  Iowa  have  been  maintained  for  over  twenty 
years  and  on  one  field  the  alfalfa  has  persisted  for  over  thirty-five  years. 

9.  Of  1,016  alfalfa  seedings  reported  from  every  part  of  the  state, 
only  12.7  per  cent  were  classed  as  failures. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  651 

10.  Alfalfa  is  being  grown  most  successfully  on  the  Missouri  Loess 
and  Moraine  soils.  The  greatest  number  of  failures  are  reported  from  the 
Iowa  drift  and  southern  Iowa  Loess  areas. 

11.  Sixteen  seedings  made  at  Ames  since  1904  have  given  an  average 
yield  of  4.38  tons  of  field  cured  hay  per  acre.  These  yields  indicate  the 
returns  which  may  be  expected  from  alfalfa  on  an  average  Iowa  soil  when 
the  best  cultural  methods  are  used. 

12.  It  is  useless  to  attempt  to  grow  alfalfa  on  land  which  is  not 
thoroughly  well  drained. 

13.  While  good  stands  and  yields  of  alfalfa  have  been  secured  on 
fertile  soils  without  the  aid  of  manure,  yet  these  yields  are  in  almost 
every  case  largely  increased  by  its  use.  On  soils  only  medium  in  fertility, 
manure  is  essential  to  the  greatest  success,  and  on  soils  below  the  aver- 
age successful  stands  are  practically  never  secured  without  its  liberal  use. 

14.  No  one  can  afford  to  court  failure  by  not  inoculating  the  soil  in 
seeding  alfalfa.  While  many  fairly  successful  fields  have  been  secured 
without  inoculating  the  soil,  yet  trials  in  every  section  of  the  state  indi- 
cate that  a  more  vigorous  growth  and  greater  yield  is  secured  when  the 
field  is  inoculated. 

15.  On  most  of  our  soils  an  application  of  lime  has  been  shown  to  be 
very  beneficial  and  in  some  cases  essential  to  the  successful  growing  of 
alfalfa. 

16.  The  surest  method  of  securing  a  stand  of  alfalfa  is  to  seed  in  the 
middle  of  August  on  summer  fallowed  land. 

17.  On  many  of  our  soils  alfalfa  may  be  seeded  with  success  in  the 
spring,  putting  the  alfalfa  in  with  a  small  grain  crop.  This  method  has 
the  advantage  of  greatly  reducing  the  cost  of  seeding. 

18.  To  keep  the  alfalfa  free  from  blue  grass,  the  field  should  be  culti- 
vated once  or  twice  each  year.  For  this  work  the  spring-tooth  harrow 
is  especially  desirable. 

19.  Alfalfa  hay  can  be  cured  as  easily  as  red  clover  hay. 

20.  Seed  of  the  common  American  alfalfa,  produced  on  non-irrigated 
fields,  preferably  in  Dakota,  Montana  or  Nebraska,  is  recommended  in 
preference  to  other  varieties. 

21.  The  original  seeding  should  be  small  until  the  best  method  of 
handling  the  crop  on  the  particular  soil  in  question  is  known. 

FOREWORD. 

In  presenting  this  bulletin,  we  wish  to  acknowledge  indebtedness  for 
much  practical  information  received  from  Iowa  farmers  who  have  grown 
alfalfa,  many  of  them  for  a  long  time.  A  great  deal  of  very  valuable 
information  on  many  other  crop  problems  may  be  gathered  from  this  same 
source.  Moreover,  the  sooner  these  scattered  bits  of  information  can  be 
collected,  pieced  together  and  presented  in  connection  with  other  informa- 
tion from  other  sources,  the  sooner  we  will  be  able  to  handle  our  farms 
more  successfully. 

Much  is  still  to  be  learned  regarding  the  best  methods  of  handling  al- 
falfa and  the  best  treatments  for  various  Iowa  soils,  but  with  the  large 


652 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      653 

number  of   seedings   in    prospect   for   the   next  few   years,   much   of  this 
needed  information  will  soon  be  at  hand. 

This  study  of  alfalfa  has  impressed  us  more  and  more  with  its  value 
and  with  the  wonderful  possibilities  in  its  more  general  growth  and  use. 

Many  men  may  fail  in  their  first  attempts  to  grow  alfalfa,  and  some 
fail  repeatedly.  It  cannot  be  expected  that  this  crop  can  be  grown  suc- 
cessfully by  everyone  and  under  all  conditions,  or  without  thought  or 
care.  It  is  a  crop  requiring  study,  and  therefore  we  recommend  that 
the  planter  keep  his  acreage  small  until  he  has  acquired  such  first-hand 
information  about  the  needs  of  a'falfa  under  his  particular  soil  and 
climatic  conditions  that  he  is  prepared  to  grow  it  on  a  large  area. 

The  writer  is  constantly  reminded  of  the  fact  that  ten  years  ago  in 
his  own  old  home  community,  a  dairy  region,  the  first  seeding  of  alfalfa 
was  still  to  be  made;  perhaps  the  first  in  the  county.  It  was  considered 
very  questionable  whether  alfalfa  could  be  grown  at  all,  and  merely  be- 
cause it  never  had  been  grown.  Now  alfalfa  fields  are  found  all  through 
that  region — probably  on  the  majority  of  the  farms— and  the  crop  is 
seeded  and  used  in  the  regular  rotations  as  red  clover  would  be.  This 
in  spite  of  the  fact  that  on  these  same  farms,  on  these  same  soils,  and 
under  the  same  conditions,  it  had  become  increasingly  difficult,  if  not 
seemingly  impossible,  to  secure  successful  seedings  of  that  old  stand-by 
legume,  red  clover. 

Considering  these  facts,  this  alfalfa  bulletin  is  presented  w'ith  the 
hope  that  it  may  aid  in  hastening  the  much  more  general  use  through- 
out Iowa  of  a  valuable  farm  crop. 

H.  D.  Hughes. 


Alfalfa  is  not  grown  as  generally  in  Iowa  as  its  value  warrants.  Dur- 
ing the  past  few  years,  interest  in  the  crop  has  increased  until  we  now 
have  something  like  30,000  acres  of  it  in  the  state,  but  its  merit  calls  for 
a  much  larger  acreage.  Alfalfa  can  be  grown  successfully  on  nearly  all 
Iowa  soils.  Furthermore,  when  measured  by  the  four  factors  which 
determine  the  value  of  a  crop  in  any  locality,  alfalfa  must  be  considered 
favorably.     These  are: 

1.  The  success  with  which  it  can  be  grown. 

2.  Yield  per  acre  and  money  value  of  the  product. 

3.  Food  value  for  consumption  on  the  farm. 

4.  Value  as  a  soil  builder. 

ALFALFA  SUCCEEDS  IX  IOWA. 

If  proper  methods  are  followed,  alfalfa  can  be  grown  successfully  on 
nearly  all  Iowa  soils.  This  fact  has  been  established  by  the  experience 
of  individual  farmers  and  by  many  special  tests  conducted  under  many 
and  varied  conditions  in  co-operation  with  the  Iowa  Agricultural  Experi- 
ment Station. 

That  some  initial  attempts  have  failed  should  discourage  no  one  since 
the  per  cent  of  failures  with  alfalfa  is  not  so  great  as  with  many  other 
crops  which  are  better  known,  the  red  clover,  for  example. 


654 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


•■^•s. 


1S>     < 


.  O 
ft 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII 


655 


Undoubtedly,  its  comparatively  small  acreage  is  due  to  the  common 
belief  that  alfalfa  is  not  well  adapted  to  Iowa's  climatic  and  soil  condi- 
tions, and  does  not  fit  well  into  Iowa  rotations.  The  fact  is  that  on  most 
Iowa  soils  alfalfa  can  be  seeded  successfully  in  very  much  the  same 
manner  as  red  clover  and  the  following  year  give  a  yield  practically  twice 
as  great.  True,  the  expense  of  the  alfalfa  seed  will  be  a  little  more,  but 
the  increased  yield  of  hay  and  its  increased  value,  pound  for  pound,  over 
red  clover,  makes  the  cost  of  seed  a  small  item.  Farmers  in  different 
parts  of  the  state  who  have  grown  alfalfa  for  a  number  of  years  say  that 
it  is  easier  to  get  a  stand  of  alfalfa  than  of  red  clover. 


YIELD    PER    ACRE    AND    VALTE    OF    THE    rRODUCT. 

Alfalfa  is  capable  of  returning  greater  profit,  acre  for  acre,  than  any 
other  crop  which  can  be  generally  grown  on  Iowa  farms. 

Those  who  consider  corn  and  wheat  the  only  sure  money  crops  for 
the  state,  and  doubt  the  adaptability  and  value  of  alfalfa  may  think  this 
a  radical  statement,  but  the  available  data  gives  it  support. 

The  figures  in  tables  I,  II  and  III  show  that  the  average  acre  yield  of 
all  the  alfalfa  in  the  state,  when  sold  for  the  very  low  price  of  $9.80 
per  ton,  will  pay  10  per  cent  interest  on  $270  land. 

TABLE    I. 
The  Average  Yield  and  Farm  iValue  of  Alfalfa  as   Compared  witli  Other  Staple  Crops 

in  Iowa. 
1909 


Crop 

Yield 

per 

Acre 

Value 
per 

Unit 

Value 
per 
Acre 

Alfalfa    -          -           .-        __ 

2.85  Tons 
1.4    Tons 

18.2    Bus. 

34.6    Bus. 

$8.00 

7.00 

.92 

.51 

$22.80 
9  80 

Tame  Hay       _      .        . 

Winter    Wheat 

16.75 
17.65 

Com    

1910 

Alfalfa    --        .  .    _     - 

2.7    Tons 
1.1   Tons 

18.5    Bus. 

39.8    Bus. 

11.50 

10.15 

.86 

.36 

31.33 
11.16 
15.91 
14.32 

Tame    Hay           _._                _         .         

Winter  Wheat 

Corn -- 

TABLE    II. 
The  Net  Profit  Per  Acre  from  Alfalfa  as  Compared  with  Other  Staple  Crops. 


Crop 

*Cost  per  Acre 

of  Growing  and 

Harvesting 

Value  of  the 

Crop  per  Acre 

09.10 

Net  Profit 
per  Acre 

Alfalfa    — 

$13,051 
10.302 
12.00 
12.81 

$27.06 
10.48 
16.33 
15.98 

$14.01 

.18 

4.33 

3.17 

Tame    Hay    --    -     -—          --    — 

Winter  Wheat 

*Cost  includes  such  items   as  interest  on  value  of  land,   taxes,   manuring,  plowing 
cultivation,  seed,  harvesting,  etc. 


iLeft  down  five  years. 
^Left  down  two  years. 


656 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


TABLE    III. 

Interest  R«turn   on   Land  Seeded   to  Alfalfa    and   Other   Staple   Crops,    Considering   the 

Average  Yields   for  the  State  in  1909  and   1910. 


Crop 

Value  of  land  on  Which 

Crop  -will  Pay  10  per  cent 

Interest 

Per  cent  Interest  Re- 
turned on  $200  per 
Acre  Land 

Alfalfa    

270,60 
lOi.80 
163.30 
159.80 

13.5 

Tame   Hay 

5.2 

Winter    Wheat        -  - 

8.2 

Corn    

7.8 

K" 


Fig.  u. — The  long-  tap  root,  of  the  alfalfa  plant  makes  it  possible  to 
get  a  stand  of  alfalfa  in  seasons  when  red  clover  seedings  are  lost  from 
"burning"  just  after  the  nurse  crop  is  removed,  or  from  dry  weather 
either  early  or  late  in  the  summer. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR   BOOK— PART  XII 


657 


One  hundred  and  twenty-eight  practical  men  from  all  sections  of  the 
state  report  an  average  yield  of  3.5  tons  per  acre,  while  some  report  over 
5  tons  per  acre  as  an  average  of  several  years.  One  man  conducting  a 
co-operative  alfalfa  experiment  with  this  department  reports  over  4 
tons  of  well-cured  hay  per  acre,  for  the  first  cutting  of  1912.  Two  tons 
of  this  sold  as  weighed  from  the  field  for  $20.00  per  ton. 

An  indication  of  the  possible  production  of  this  crop  is  given  in  the 
yields  secured  at  Ames  upon  land  of  only  average  fertility.  The  soil 
was  iLoculated,  but  it  received  no  fertilizer  other  than  from  8  to  10 
tons  of  manure  per  acre  which  was  plowed  under  before  seeding. 

A  field  of  714  acres  seeded  in  August,  1908,  on  the  Iowa  State  College 
dairy  farm  gave  three  cuttings  in  1909  and  again  in  1910,  with  a  total 
yield  of  over  5^2  tons  each  year.  In  1910  it  also  gave  considerable  pas- 
turage. In  1911  the  first  crop  was  cut  June  12th,  with  an  average  yield 
of  2%.  tons  per  acre  for  the  whole  piece.  Three  cuttings  were  made  dur- 
ing the  season,  and  in  spite  of  the  very  light  rainfall,  the  total  yield  was 
4.3  tons  per  acre.  The  first  cutting  in  1912  gave  a  yield  of  2.95  tons  per 
acre,  while  7.03  tons  per  acre  were  secured  during  the  season. 

Sixteen  seedings  made  on  the  experiment  station  field  since  the  year 
1903  have  produced  an  average  yield  of  4.38  tons  per  acre.  Yields  of 
over  2%  tons  at  a  single  cutting  have  been  quite  common  and  over  3^/4 
tons  have  been  secured.  One  seeding  yielded  714  tons  per  acre  in  a  single 
year,  while  another  has  an  average  for  three  years  of  514  tons. 


Fig-.  4. — Alfalfa  sown  on  Experiment  Station  fields,  August,  1908,  on 
soil  only  medium  in  fertility,  which  received  no  special  treatment  except 
soil  inoculation.  Yield  for  1909,  1910  and  1911,  5  tons,  4.4  tons  and  3.2 
tons,  respectively.  Gradual  decrease  in  yield  due  more  to  character  of 
season  than   to  decrease   in  vigor  of  crop. 

42 


658 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


Fig-.  5. — Extensive  tests  show  that  alfalfa  is  the  best  of  all  pastures 
for  hogs.  Photograph  shows  portion  of  six-acre  field  on  farm  of  A.  M, 
Avery,  Mason  City,  Iowa,  which  will  be  used  for  this  purpose.  This 
field  was  seeded  in  late  summer,  a  perfect  stand  being  secured  without 
a  weed  in  sig-ht. 

FEED  VALUE. 

Alfalfa  has  a  very  high  feeding  value,  either  as  hay  or  pasture.  It 
has  a  relatively  high  content  of  digestible  protein. 

All  crops  other  than  the  legumes  contain  a  relatively  high  per  cent  of 
carbohydrates  and  a  relatively  low  per  cent  of  protein — the  stuff  feeders 
are  forced  to  buy  as  concentrates  to  balance  rations.  Alfalfa,  on  the  con- 
trary, has  a  relatively  high  per  cent  of  protein  and  is  easily  digested, 
qualities  that  cannot  be  overestimated. 

TABLE    IV. 
The  Average  Composition  of  Alfalfa  as  Compared  "with  Other  Farm  Crops*. 


Crop 

Water 

Ash 

Crude 
Protein 

Crude 
Fiber 

Nitrogen 

Free 
Extract 

Fat 

Alfalfa 

8.1 
15.3 
13.2 
10.6 
10.4 
40.5 

9.2 

8.8 
6.2 
4.4 
1.5 
3.2 
3.4 
5.1 

14.6 
12.3 
5.9 
10.3 
11.4 
3.8 
4.0 

28.9 
24.8 
29.0 
2.2 
10.8 
19.7 
37.0 

37.4 
38.1 
45.0 
70.4 
59.4 
31.5 
42.4 

2.1 

Red    Clover          _._-._      _.    __ 

3.3 

2.5 

5.0 

Oats    _-    -    

4.8 

Corn    Stover    

Oat   Straw  

1.1 

2.3 

♦Compiled  from  Henry's  "Feeds  and  Feeding." 

Alfalfa  hay  is  especially  valuable  to  the  dairyman,  though  it  is  also 
known  to  give  excellent  results  with  all  classes  of  live  stock.  It  is  es- 
pecially valuable  where  a  rapid  development  of  muscle  and  bone  is  es- 
sential, as  with  brood  sows,  young  pigs  and  steers. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XH 


659 


TABLE    V. 

The  Food  Value  per  Average  Acre  of  Alfalfa   and  Other  Crops,   Based  on  the  Average 
Composition  and  the  Average  Yield  for  the  State  for  1909  and  1910. 


Crop 

Ash 

Crude 
Protein 

Alfalfa                                               -       

4.88 
155 
110 
102 
SI 
70 
135 
32 
102 

808 
307 
147 
29;i 
215 

79 
195 
114 

80 

R€d    Clover*    ..    ..    _      -    _ 

Timothy* 

Corn    Total                                           -         --    --  — 

Grain      -      

Stover — -    

Oats   Total                _-           ..      .       _         _    

Grain -      -  -    

Stover 

Nitrogen 

Crude 

Free 

Fat 

Fiber 

Extract 

1600 

2070 

116 

620 

952 

82 

722 

112 

62 

456 

2119 

127 

458 

1464 

104 

411 

655 

23 

852 

1450 

94 

109 

598 

48 

743 

852 

46 

*Assuming  yield  to  be  that   given  for  "Tame  Hay." 

Considering  the  average  yield  of  various  crops  for  those  years  in  which 
alfalfa  data  are  available  in  Iowa,  alfalfa  produced  5.5  times  as  much 
protein  per  acre  as  timothy,  4  times  as  much  as  oats,  2.75  times  as  much 
as  corn,  and  2.6  times  as  much  as  red  clover. 

As  a  pasture  for  hogs,  the  animal  husbandry  section  of  the  Iowa  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  station  reports  a  net  profit  of  $184.92  per  acre  from 
alfalfa,  the  hogs  selling  at  6  cents  and  the  corn  fed  costing  49  cents  for 
56  lbs.  of  grain  on  the  cob.  And  this  when  an  acre  of  blue  grass  handled 
in  the  same  way  gave  a  profit  of  but  $97.23. 

TABLE    VI. 
Showing  the  Average  Per  Cent  Digestibility  of  Alfalfa  as  Compared  with  Other  Crops*. 


Crop 


Alfalfa    

Red    Clover 
Timothy    ... 

Corn    

Oats    

Corn  Stover 
Oat  Straw  . 


Dry 

Protein 

Crude 

Matter 

Fiber 

62 

72 

47 

57 

58 

54 

55 

48 

50 

91 

76 

58 

70 

77 

31 

57 

36 

64 

.s 

33 

54 

Nitrogen 
Free       Extract 
Fat 


'Henry's  "Feeds  and  Feeding." 


VALUE   AS   A    SOIL   BUILDEK. 


As  a  soil  builder,  it  is  estimated  that  an  acre  of  alfalfa  adds  annually 
over  twice  as  much  nitrogen  to  the  land  as  the  average  acre  of  red 
clover. 

This  phase  of  alfalfa  growing  will  not  be  overlooked,  nor  its  importance 
underestimated  by  those  who  realize  the  need  of  giving  much  greater  at- 
tention to  maintaining  the  fertility  of  Iowa  soils. 

Not  only  does  this  plant  add  greatly  to  the  available  nitrogen  in  the 
soils,  but  it  adds  also  to  the  available  mineral  fertility,  through  its  power  to 


660 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


Fig-.     G. — A    comparison    of    tlie 
young-  clover  plants. 


•oot    growth    of    the    j'oung-    alfalfa    and 


appropriate  for  its  own  grov^^th,  the  large  supply  of  phosphorus  and  potas- 
sium found  in  the  suh-soils.  These  elements  are  beyond  the  reach  of  the 
other  farm  crops  in  the  rotation,  but  the  long  alfalfa  roots  gather  them 
and  later  on  much  of  this  potassium  and  phosphorus  become  available  to 
other  crops  through  the  manure  made  from  feeding  the  alfalfa  hay.  More- 
over, as  these  deep  penetrating  roots  decay,  they  open  channels  which 
will  be  followed  by  the  roots  of  subsequent  crops  which  otherwise  would 
never  tap  these  lower  regions  of  the  sub-soil.  The  great  amount  of 
organic  matter  left  when  the  alfalfa  is  plowed,  leaves  the  soil  in  the  very 
best  physical  condition  for  the  following  crops,  thereby  increasing  their 
yields, 

HISTORY  OF  ALFALFA  GROWING 

Alfalfa  dates  back  many  years  before  the  Christian  era.  It  probably 
had  its  origin  in  the  valleys  of  Media,  located  in  western  Asia.  Grad- 
ually spreading  westward,  it  had  reached  Persia  by  500  B.  C.  and  Greece 
by  470  B.  C.  It  was  used  very  largely  as  a  forage  crop  for  army  horses, 
and  its  wide  distribution  was  probably  due  to  the  Graeco-Persian  wars. 
From  Greece  alfalfa  gradually  spread  to  Italy,  then  to  Spain,  France, 
Germany  and  England. 

The  Arabs  called  this  great  forage  plant  "alsacfatsh,"  which  means 
"best  kind  of  fodder."  Later  the  Spanish  name  "alfalfa"  came  into  more 
general  use,  though  in  many  parts  of  Europe  the  plant  is  called  "lucerne," 
supposedly  after  a  river  valley  in  northern  Italy, 

In  the  United  States  alfalfa's  history  is  rather  brief.  Lucerne  was 
introduced  into  New  York  about  1620  where  it  made  but  a  partial  sue- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART   XII  661 


Fig-.  7. — An  old  alfalfa  plant  at  Ames,  Iowa,  which  shows  strong  root 
system  that  secures  water  and  plant  food  far  below  the  soil  area  occupied 
by  the  roots  of  most  of  our  farm  crops. 


662  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

cess  likely  because  little  was  known  of  its  habit  of  growth  or  of  the 
best  way  of  handling  the  crop.  Later  it  is  recorded  that  both  Washing- 
ton and  Jefferson  grew  this  forage  crop  on  their  own  farms.  During  the 
Spanish  invasion  alfalfa  was  carried  into  Mexico  and  then  northward 
into  Texas  and  California.  Here  again  it  seems  to  have  been  neglected 
and  it  remained  for  the  Americans  ultimately  to  develop  this  wonderful 
plant. 

BROUGHT    INTO    CALIFORNIA    FROM    CHILI. 

This  happened  soon  after  the  California  gold  discoveries  in  1848.  Some 
of  the  gold  hunters  who  made  the  trip  to  California  by  water  around 
South  America,  rStopped  by  the  wayside  in  Chili  and  there  found  luxurious 
fields  of  alfalfa.  They  carried  small  quantities  of  this  seed  to  California 
in  1854,  where  it  gained  a  firm  foothold,  until  in  a  very  few  years  there 
were  vast  acreages  of  alfalfa  supporting  thousands  of  cattle,  horses  and 
sheep.  Apparently  the  climatic  and  soil  conditions  of  California  were  al- 
most ideal  and  the  crop  thrived  under  the  care  of  the  American  farmers. 

Its  rapid  introduction  into  other  western  states  followed  and  was 
probably  in  large  measure  due  to  the  scattering  of  California  gold  seekers 
who  had  become  familiar  with  this  wonderful  crop.  For  many  years  it 
was  supposed  that  alfalfa  could  be  grown  successfully  in  the  western 
states  only,  and  here  its  growth  soon  became  very  general.  It  was  not 
until  many  years  after  it  was  grown  extensively  as  far  east  as  Ne- 
braska, that  the  farmers  of  the  Mississippi  valley  and  eastward  con- 
sidered it  adaptable  to  their  conditions,  or  of  value  in  competition  with 
their  other  crops.  During  the  past  few  years  alfalfa  adaptability  to 
many  soils  and  climes  has  been  recognized  and  now  many  acres  of  it 
may  be  found  as  far  north  as  Minnesota  and  the  Dakotas,  and  as  far 
east  as  New  York  and  the  New  England  states.  Wherever  dairy  regions 
are  found  its  acreage  is  rapidly  increasing. 

In  Iowa  alfalfa  history  is  very  brief.  The  crop  in  this  state  was  of  so 
little  value  prior  to  1905,  as  to  have  been  omitted  from  the  state  crop 


Fig-.    8. — This    plot   yielded    5.05    tons   per   acre   in    1909,    and    5.21    tons    in 
1910. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  663 

reports.  In  1905  and  190'6  its  value  was  "estimated"  in  combinations  with 
another  crop  under  the  head  "Millet  and  Alfalfa."  Its  growth  in  im- 
portance in  1907  and  1908  is  indicated  only  by  the  change  to  "Alfalfa 
and  Millet."  In  1909  and  1910  its  acreage  within  the  state  is  given  as 
23,041  and  24,132  respectively. 

A  few  men  have  been  growing  it  for  from  ten  to  thirty  years  or  more, 
but  80  per  cent  of  those  growing  the  crop  in  Iowa  now  have  seeded  within 
the  last  five  years,  and  the  majority  have  put  in  their  seedings  within 
the  last  two  seasons. 

The  oldest  Iowa  seeding  of  which  we  have  record  was  made  at  Bur- 
lington something  over  thirty-five  years  ago  by  a  farmer  who  brought 
the  seed  with  him  from  his  home  community  in  Germany  where  it  was 
called  "thousand  year  clover."  It  continued  to  grow  and  produce  seed 
year  after  year  in  its  new  home,  which  was  a  north  slope  of  what  our 
correspondent  called  "a  clay  sidehill"  of  rather  low  fertility.  This  is 
probably  a  loess  soil.  The  original  field  is  now  included  within  the  city 
limits  of  Burlington.  Much  of  the  original  area  is  devoted  to  buildings 
of  one  sort  or  another,  but  where  the  alfalfa  yet  has  opportunity  to  grow 
many  plants  continue  to  thrive.  A  few  years  ago  seed  was  secured  from 
this  plot  and  is  now  being  grown  at  the  experiment  station  under  com- 
parison with  other  alfalfa  seeds  secured  from  various  sources  through- 
out the  United  States.  The  fact  that  plants  from  this  seed  are  much 
more  uniform  than  any  other  grown  on  the  55  plats  with  which  we  are 
experimenting,  indicates  that  the  natural  selection  which  has  been  going 
on  during  the  past  35  years  may  here  have  produced  a  plant  of  special 
value  to  Iowa  farmers. 

IOWA  SOIl^S  AND  ALFALFA. 

A  little  study  of  figures  will  give  reason  for  faith  in  the  ability  of 
Iowa  soil  to  grow  alfalfa.  In  1910,  24,132  acres  of  alfalfa  in  Iowa  pro- 
duced 65,629  tons  of  hay,  or  an  average  of  2.7  tons  per  acre.  Most  of 
this  acreage  was  in  the  counties  bordering  the  Missouri  river,  though 
some  was  reported  from  all  parts  of  the  state.  The  acreage,  total  yield 
and  average  yield  per  acre  are  shown  for  each  county  in  table  VII.  The 
distribution  of  this  average  is  better  shown  in  fig.  9,  in  which  each  dot 
represents  10  acres  or  major  fraction  thereof. 

These  facts  give  some  idea  of  the  general  adaptation  of  Iowa  soils 
to  alfalfa,  yet  they  do  not  indicate  fully  how  successfully  the  crop  may 
be  grown  on  many  of  the  soils  of  the  different  counties,  or  on  some 
soils  on  practically  every  farm  in  the  state. 

One  of  the  best  indications  of  the  success  of  any  crop  in  a  given 
locality  is  the  average  yield  per  acre.  From  this  viewpoint  the  growing 
of  alfalfa  is  a  success  in  all  parts  of  Iowa,  the  yields  in  various  counties 
ranging  generally  from  two  to  three  tons  per  acre.     (Fig.  10.) 

REPORTS  FROM  PRACTICAL  GROWERS. 

A  general  inquiry  instituted  early  in  the  summer  of  1911,  showed 
forcibly  that  alfalfa  was  growing  successfully  on  every  soil  9,nd  in  nearly 
every  county  of  tb^  itate, 


664 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


S^?:K#r"-T: — r^^ 1         — : — I 1 j 


I — t: 


^...! I 

•     !         I' 


Fig  9. — Showing-  the  distribution  of  alfalfa  in  Iowa  from  statistics 
secured  according  to  law  by  township  assessors,  and  compiled  from  data 
contained  in  the  Iowa  Crop  Report,  1910.  Unit  represented  by  each  dot, 
ten  acres. 

Letters  were  sent  to  eight  men  in  each  county,  in  most  cases  to  men 
known  to  be  interested  in  alfalfa  growing.  Each  correspondent  was 
asked  for  the  names  of  the  men  in  the  county  known  to  have  grown 
alfalfa  at  some  time  and  to  indicate  whether  these  men  had  succeeded 
with  the  crop,  whether  their  efforts  had  been  partially  successful  or 
whether  they  had  failed.  These  letters  were  generally  answered  and 
very  acceptable  data  were  secured. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII 


665 


TABLE    Vir. 
Showing  Alfalfa  Production  in  Iowa  by  Counties  in  1910. 


County 

Acre- 
age 

Total 
Tons 

Tons 

Per 

Acre 

County 

Acre- 
age 

Total 
Tons 

Tons 
Per 

Acre 

Adair 

24 

49 
3 
G 

24 
3 
2 

23 
3 

29 
141 

7 

13 
48 
15 

6 
67 

3 

1.2 

2.9 

2.4 

2.2 

2. 

5. 

3. 

2.9 

1. 

Jasper    . 

24 
9 

59 
27 

2.5 

Jefferson    —    

3. 

Allamakee 

John'^on 

Appanoose 

Jones   --              -       --    -- 

77 
13 
19 

7 
17 

3 
37 

3 
10 
27"' 

3 
2,526 

140 
26 
51 
14 
63 

J> 

2 

1.8 

Audubon     

Keokuk     

Lee   —    

2. 

2.7 

Black    Hawk 

Linn 

2. 

Boone 

Louisa                 -  --    -- 

3.7 

2.3 

2.4 

Buena    Vista 

63 
3 
4 
24 
47 
12 

398 
4 

15 
59 

111 
23 

6.3 
1.3 

3.8 
2.4 
2.4 
1.9 

Madison               --    --    

.6 

Butler       --      --           

320 

11 

6,868 

1.2 

Carroll 

Marshall 

3.7 

Cass     - 

Mills   -           — 

2.7 

Cedar    

Mitchell 

Cerro  Gordo 

Monona 

3,167 

8,290 

2.6 

Cherokee 

m 

480 

2.6 

Monroe 

Chickasaw 

Montgomery 

397 
20 

1,215 
67 

3.1 

Clarke  

\ 

3.4 

Clay 

10 
151 
13 

249 
63 
3 

8 
4 
4 
8 
9 

16 

1.6 

O'Brien 

Clayton 

Osceola                _      _.    

27 

4 

1 

23 

2.1 

2.8 

2.1 

1.6 

1.4 

1. 

1.2 

1. 

2.5 

Page 

Palo  Alto  

76 

8 

1^174 

12 

91 

4,723 

2 

14 

103 

41 

173 

352 

57 

6 

27 

6 

85 

2 

21 

10 

3 

11 

225 

31 

5,190 

26 

235 

12,494 

6 

43 

341 

94 

371 

841 

117 

8 

57 

6 

273 

5 

30 
30 
10 
52 

3. 

Crawford    

3.1 

Dallas 

Plymouth 

4.4 

Davis 

Pocahontas     _    __.... 

2.2 

Decatur 

Polk  

2.6 

Delaware 

Pottawattamie 

2.6 

Des  Moines 

Poweshiek      —  - 

3. 

3.1 

Dubuque    

Emmet 

Sac 

3.3 

Scott 

2.3 

Payette 

9 

13 

26 

2,028 

20 

2 

4 

31 

9 

7 

4,336 

29 

21 
29 
77 
6,545 
39 
3 

14 
64 
71 
13 
10,456 
85 

2.3 

2.2 

3. 

3.2 

2. 

1.5 

3.5 

2.1 

7.7 

1.9 

2.4 

2.9 

Shelby  

2.1 

Floyd    

Sioux    _      

2.4 

Franklin 

Story  - 

3. 

Tama  _  _      

1.3 

Greene    _ 

Taylor      .    

2.1 

Grundy    

1. 

Guthrie 

Van  Buren             _.  - 

3.2 

Wapello    _-    

2.5 

Hancock    

Warren ,- 

1.4 

Hardin 

Washington 

3. 

Wayne    

3.3 

Henry    ... 

Webster   

4.7 

Winnebago  _-    

Humboldt 

30 

12 
4 

123 
166 

20 
11 

4.1 
2.4 
1.7 

2.7 

Winneshiek 

1 
2,886 

7 

1 
7,821 

1 

Ida    -             

Woodbury _.    

2.7 

Worth   

Jackson 

Wright 

Of  1,016  seedings  reported,  only  12.7  per  cent  were  considered  as  fail- 
ures, which  is  remarkably  low.  Along  the  Missouri  river  the  per  cent 
was  much  lower  than  that,  while  in  other  sections  where  alfalfa  had  not 
been  grown  so  generally,  it  was  much  higher. 


666 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


TABLE   VIII. 
Showing  the  Success  of  1,016  Alfalfa  Seedings  in  Iowa. 


Number 

Per  Cent 

Successful                                                         -            -       --       --       

571 
316 
129 

56.2 

Partially  Successful                   -      -         -- 

31.1 

12.7 

Total 

1,016 

100 

From  a  number  of  counties  correspondents  reported  that,  so  far  as 
they  knew,  every  seeding  had  been  either  wholly  or  partially  successful, 
some  others  reported  seedings  as  only  partially  successful  or  as  total 
failures.  Still  other  county  correspondents  replied  that,  so  far  as  they 
knew,  no  one  had  attempted  to  grow  the  crop  in  their  communities.  The 
successes,  partial  successes  and  failures  reported  from  each  county  are 
given  in  table  IX  and  this  information  is  graphically  presented  in  figs. 
11  and  12. 

Considering  the  number  of  successful  stands  secured,  the  partial  suc- 
cesses and  failures  must  be  ascribed  in  most  case  to  improper  methods 
of  handling  the  crop,  such  as  too  many  weed  seeds  in  the  soil,  poorly 
prepared  seed  beds,  or  lack  of  lime,  low  fertility  or  need  of  inoculation. 

The  nine  counties  in  which  there  is  no  record  of  alfalfa  seedings  ad- 
join other  counties  reporting  considerable  success  with  the  crop.  This  in- 
dicates that  no  crop,  or  lack  of  success  with  it,  may  as  plausibly  T)e  at- 
tributed to  improper  methods  of  treatment  as  to  the  soil  type  represented. 
It  is  fair  to  assume  that  alfalfa  can  be  grown  successfully  in  these  lo- 
calities, if  proper  efforts  are  made.  Also,  alfalfa  is  grown  successfully  in 
counties  from  which  no  reports  are  available,  as  Shelby,  for  example. 


.«..!/        U-.,i 


^./  I    :  \7,7 


\  2.2 


\  I'      1  2.^, 


•  /.  -r 


3.7  i  ;   2.^-— ..c;        u^ 


,3.2  i  3.    r-"\3J  y—r"-'\2.2  i  /.^ 


Fig-.   10. — Showing   the   average   acre   yield   of   alfalfa   in   tons    of  hay   per 
ere  in  the  various  counties  of  the  state,  1910. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII 


667 


TABLE   IX. 

Showing  Number  of  Seedings   Keported   as   Successful,    Partially   Successful   and   Failures 

in  Various    Counties    of   Iowa. 


County 


No. 

No.  Par- 

Suc- 

tially 

cess- 

Success- 

ful 

ful 

No. 

Fail- 
ures 


Adair  

Adams    

Allamakee  

Appanoose   

Audubon    

Benton 

3 

7 
<> 
2 
1 
0 
4 
1 
5 

0 

1 
2 
9 
4 
1 
5 
0 
4 

0 
3 
2 
3 
0 
0 

Black  Hawk 

Boone   _ 

Bremer       --    

4 

1 
2 

Buchanan 

Buena  Vista 

Butler   

8 

2- 
3 
6 
8 
4 
4 
13 
0 

4 
6 
3 
3 
5 
3 
1 
3 
2 

1 
6 
3 

Carroll  - — 

1 

Cass                - 

3 

Cedar  

Cerro    Gordo 

Cherokee 

1 

I 

Chickasaw    

Clarke 

0 

Clay  

0 
2 
3 
5 
4 
0 

3 
8 
6 
2 

1 
1 

0 

Clayton 

1 

Clinton      

0 

0 

Dallas 

1 

Davis      —  _  _ 

0 

Delaware    -- 

9 
1 
2 
2 

4 
1 
4 
5 

4 

Des  Moines 

Dickinson 

2 
1 

1 

E  mmet 

Fayette  

Floyd 

Franklin 

Ftemont 

Greene  

3 
1 
1 

29 
1 
5 

11 

\ 

3 
49 
7 
0 
9 
6 
1 
4 
2 

1 
0 
0 
4 
0 
2 

11 
3 
0 
1 
6 

10 
1 
3 
0 
1 
0 
4 

3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 

Guthrie 

0 

1 

0 

Hardin 

0 

Harrison 

5 

3 

Howard   _ — 

Humboldt  

Ida 

0 
3 
0 

1 

Jackson   -      --    -- 

3 

Jasper 

0 

County 


No. 

No.  Par- 

Suc- 

tially 

cess- 

Success- 

ful 

ful 

Jefferson 

1 
3 

1 
1 
0 
4 
2 
3 
2 
1 
4 
2 

20 
0 

33 
0 

29 
7 
2 
0 

15 
1 
6 
4 
1 

48 
2 
0 

14 
8 

1 
•; 

2 
3 
6 
3 
2 
5 
0 
1 
3 
6 
0 
3 
4 

13 
1 
9 
4 
0 
3 
7 
0 
5 
3 
1 

15 
5 
1 
6 
4 

0 

Jones     

0 

Keokuk  

1 

Kossuth 

2 

Lee - 

0 

4 

Louisa 

0 

Lucas -- 

0- 

0 

Madison  _- 

0 

Mahaska 

1 

Marion 

6 

Marshall  — 

0 

Mills      -            1 

0 

Mitchell 

2 

Monona 

2 

Monroe 

0 

Montgomery 

Muscatine 

O'Brien  

9 
2 
0 

Osceola  

1 

Page 

2 

Palo  Alto 

0 

Plymouth 

2 

Pocahontas  

Polk      

1 
0 

Pottawattamie  _.. 

Poweshiek  

Ringgold 

1 

1 
2 

Sac 

2 

Scott 

3 

Shelby 

Sioux      -- -__ 

19 
4 
5 
3 
5 
8 
2 
3 
0 
3 
5 
1 
1 

52 

7 
5 
4 
2 
11 
5 
2 
1 
2 
5 
2 
1 
2 

8 

0 

Story  

0 

Tama  --    

2 

Taylor 

Union 

1 

Van   Buren 

Wapello 

5 

0 

Warren   

0 

Washington 

Wayne  —    — 

3 
0 

Webster    

0 

Winnebago  

Winneshiek  

Woodbury 

Worth  

0 
0 

1 

Wright 

5 

3 

4 

The  mere  fact  that  the  majority  of  men  who  have  seeded  alfalfa  in  any- 
particular  county  have  failed  or  partially  failed,  should  deter  no  one  from 
growing  the  crop,  but  rather  should  lead  to  greater  care  in  giving  the 
crop  every  advantage.  One  man  failed  year  after  year  to  get  a  stand  for 
seven  successive  years.  With  the  seventh  seeding  the  field  was  inoculated, 
and  now  for  several  years  he  has  demonstrated  that  he  can  grow  alfalfa 
most  successfully  on  all  parts  of  his  farm.  The  one  thing  lacking  on 
his  soil  was  inoculation. 

Other  men  were  successful  after  three  or  four  failures  had  taught 
them  what  to  do.     Some  found  that  lime  was  needed  to  correct  an  acid 


668 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  669 

condition  of  soil.  Still  others  found  it  necessary  to  increase  organic 
matter  and  available  fertility,  or  to  remedy  poor  drainage. 

While  there  are  probably  many  seedings  in  counties  of  which  we  have 
no  record,  we  believe  the  map  fairly  indicates  the  distribution  of  alfalfa 
grown. 

The  many  reports  received  from  practical  growers  are  of  more  than 
usual  interest  and  value,  since  their  practical  experience  has  actually 
demonstrated  many  of  the  most  helpful  practices  in  handling  the  crop. 
Some  of  the  practices  mentioned  most  often  are  arranged  below  in  order, 
according  to  the  number  of  times  they  were  given,  their  comparative 
approximate  value  being  indicated  numerically: 

1.  Work  the  seed  bed  well   130 

2.  Do   not  pasture    60 

3.  Disk  after  cutting  50 

4.  Keep  the  weeds  down   40 

5.  Sow  early  in  the  fall  or  late  in  the  summer 80 

6.  Cut  the  nurse  crop  for  hay   10 

7.  Have  the  nurse  crop  thin   10 

8.  Sow  shallow  10 

9.  Leave  good  growth  for  winter 10 

10.     Pasture  only  with  hogs  10 

Additional  suggestions  regarding  the  crop  which  have  been  offered  more 
or  less  often  in  approximately  the  same  words  are 

1.  "Good  soil  is  necessary  to  get  a  stand." 

2.  "If  nurse  crop  is  used  it  should  be  thin." 

3.  "Potatoes  make  a  good  crop  to  precede  alfalfa." 

4.  "Cutting  too  early  injures  following  crops." 

5.  "Disking  thickens  the  stand." 

6.  "It  is  hard  to  start  and  hard  to  kill." 

7.  "It  stands  cold  and  drought  through." 

8.  "It  is  fine  for  brood  sows." 

9.  "Hay  and  pasture  are  double  those  of  any  other  crop." 
10.     "No  good  in  wet  soil." 

ALFALFA  ON  THE  DIFFERENT  SOIL  TYPES. 

The  state  may  be  divided  into  six  general  soil  areas.  While  there  will 
be  a  wide  range  in  the  character  of  the  soil  within  each  of  these,  as  it 
may  be  affected  by  drainage,  present  available  fertility,  etc.,  yet  each 
area  has  more  or  less  uniform  characteristics.  These  general  soil  areas 
may  be  designated  as  follows:  Missouri  Loess,  Moraine,  Wisconsin 
Drift,  Iowa  Drift,  Mississippi  Loess,  Southern  Iowa  Loess.  Their  limits 
are  outlined  on  the  map,  fig.  12. 

A  considerably  greater  per  cent  of  successful  fields  of  alfalfa  will  be 
found  on  the  Missouri  Loess  and  Moraine  soil  areas  than  on  the  others. 
The  soils  of  the  Iowa  drift  and  southern  Iowa  loess  seem  nfiturally  to 
be  more  poorly  adapted  to  alfalfa  than  the  others,  though  even  on  these 
at  least  some  fields  are  very  successful,  as  is  indicated  by  the  average 
yields  oi  hay  secured. 


670 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


w/5co/^5/n  DRirr  rrm  ^ourtiCRfi  /owa  io£35  ^^  m/ss/ss/pp/  10^55  ESSi 
/oyv/i  DR/rr      ^HTm  Missouri  loes5   Esza  moraine         mm 


^^J^9\-l0O7c  successful.      Ill     91-100%  port/afli/  0    50-63%  failure, 

successful  or-  better-. 

*^7i-eo',.ucce^ru,     ':XXC;C7.?..       ooro-ee.,r.>,ure. 

I     6l-T0%partlallLj 
*  61-70  %  successful.  successful  ort^etter.         000  90-100  %  failure. 

Fig-.   12.— Map  showing-  success  with    alfalfa    on    the    different    soil    areas 
of  Iowa. 

TABLE  X. 

The  Per  ICent  of  Seedings  Reported  as  Successful,  Partially  Successful,   and  Failures,  on 

the  Various  Soil  Areas. 


Soil 
Areas. 

Per  Cent 
Successful 

Per  Cent  Par- 
tially Success- 
ful 

Per  Cent 
Failures 

Missouri  Loess          - 

VI. 1 

59.4 

48.3 
40.5 
41.1 
35.6 

21.6 
30.3 
36.4 
37.3 
41.5 
46.3 

7.1 

10.1 

Wisconsin  Drift 

15.2 

Iowa   Drift   

Mississippi   Loess   

Southern  Iowa  Loess         -               --            

22.2 
17.3 
18.0 

CO  OPERATIVE    EXPERIMENTS    OVER    THE    STATE. 


To  determine  what  treatments  are  necessary  to  bring  success  on  dif- 
ferent soils,  a  number  of  co-operative  alfalfa  fields  were  located  in  the 
summers  of  1910  and  1911.  On  some  of  these,  alfalfa  was  seeded  in  the 
fall  of  1910,  and  upon  others  in  the  spring  or  fall  of  1911. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  671 

Each  field  was  so  divided  as  to  represent  twelve  different  treatments, 

which  were  as  follows: 

1.  No  special  treatment. 

2.  Inoculation. 

3.  Inoculation   and   cultivation. 

4.  Lime. 

5.  Lime   and   inoculation. 

6.  Lime  and   inoculation   and   cultivation. 

7.  Bone  meal. 

8.  Bone  meal  and  inoculation. 

9.  Bone  meal  and  inoculation  and  cultivation. 

10.  Manure. 

11.  Manure  and  inoculation. 

12.  Manure,  inoculation  and  cultivation. 

It  should  be  stated  here  that  it  was  not  intended  in  this  work  to 
attempt  to  determine  which  treatments  are  necessary  or  which  are  un- 
necessary in  any  particular  community,  but  rather  the  treatments  which 
are  necessary  or  beneficial  in  a  majority  of  the  cases  in  the  larger  sec- 
tions of  the  state,  or  on  the  different  types  of  soil.  Before  this  can  be 
done  very  accurately,  the  results  of  a  very  much  larger  number  of  test 
will  need  to  be  considered. 

The  fact  that  a  certain  treatment  was  found  to  be  necessary  on  a 
particular  field,  would  not  necessarily  mean  that  this  treatment  was  es- 
sential on  all  the  soils  of  the  neighborhood,  or  even  the  soil  across  the 
road  in,  a  field  which  had  perhaps  been  handled  in  an  entirely  different 
way.  And  on  the  other  hand  the  fact  that  a  trial  had  shown  that  a 
treatment  was  not  beneficial  to  alfalfa  on  a  particular  field  would  not 
determine  that  this  treatment  would  not  be  beneficial  on  other  fields  in 
the  same  neighborhood. 


Fig-.    13.— Showing    the    location    of    the    one    acre    co-operative    alfalfa 
experiments,   also  limits  of  the  six  soil   areas. 


672 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


An  attempt  was  made  to  distribute  these  co-oi)erative  acre  trials  in 
such  a  way  that  all  types  of  soil  would  be  represented,  and  especially 
sections  from  which  the  greatest  difficulty  was  reported.  The  distribu- 
tion appears  in  fig.  13,  and  this  table: 

ALFALFA   CO-OPE'RATORS    1910-1911. 


Name 

Town 

County 

Direction  and  Distance  From 
Town. 

Avery,    A.    M 

Bates,    H.    A       

Mason   City 

Algona    

Grinnell    

Osage    

New   Hampton 

Fairfield 

Spencer    

Fairfield    

Des  Moines 

Oskaloosa    

Oskaloosa    

Jewell    

Ames   

Miles    

Mitchellvillc   

New  Sharon  

Kstherville    

Blairstown   

Janesville    

Cerro   Gordo 

Kussuth   

Poweshiek 

Mitchell    

Chickasaw    

Jefferson  _. 

Clay  

Jefferson  

Polk    -  - 

3    mi.  SE  of  Mason  City 
5      "    SE  of  Burt 

Boyack,    Geo.    W 

Brackle,    Peter 

Brand,   Wm 

Brawner,   C.    L 

Claypool,  W.  W 

Clinkenbeard,    Maee__ 
Chamberlain,  A.  P.  - 

•2\    "    SE    of    Grinnell 

3      "    E    of    Osage 

•21    "    SE    of   New   Hampton 

5      "    W  of  Fairfield 

1      "    S    of   Spencer 

21    "    NE    of   Libertyville 

1      "    NE  of  Corporation 

Crozier    W    H 

Mahaska 

'4    "    N^W   of   Oskaloosa 

Edriss     E.   &  Son 

Mahaska       

1      "    NE  of  Oskaloosa 

Espe,  K.  P 

Farnun,  G.  E 

Forest,   C.    R 

Garrett,  Chas.  0 

Hamilton    

Story  

Jackson  -'„ 

Polk     

1      "    S  of  Jewell 

S   edge  of   City   Corooration 

3^    "    SE    of  Miles 

Hill,  V.  S 

Horsewell,  J.  E 

Mahaska   

Emmet    

3\    "    NE  of  Sharon 
Sh    "    SW   of  Blairstown 

McCaffree,   H.  A 

McCray,   H.  S 

Bremer   

Audubon   

Sac  

Kossuth   

Jones  

Taylor    .__ 

Delaware  

Bremer   

Worth  

Page 

Keokuk  

Blackhawk  

Mahaska   

Louisa 

I    "    NE  of  Waverly  Jet. 
6      "    SE  of  Brayton 

McWilliams,  G.  H— . 

Mawdsley,   J.    R 

Parks,   Geo.   W 

Ramsey,  F.  W 

Reed,  E.  E 

Reeves,  Elmer 

Rustad,    Oscar__:-_-_. 

Sar,  Frank 

Shipfer,  A.  O 

Wall  Lake 

Burt  

Olin    

Athelston    

Hopkinton   

Waverly  

Xorthwood 

Essex  

Sigourney 

Waterloo     

'r      "    NE  of  Wall  Lake 
T      "    SE  of  Burt 
1      "    E  of  Olin 

Xorth  Corporation  Line 
W.   Corporation  Line,  Wav. 

1  mi.  W  of  Northwood 

2  "    E  of  Essex 

2V    "    NW   of   Waterloo 

Soseman,    Thos 

Trites,  Ed  R 

Oskaloosa    

Oakville  

Cooper 

1^    "    W   of  Oskaloosa 
1\    "    S'W  of  Oakville 

Zeller,    Willard 

vGreene  

•2j    "    NE   of   Bagley 

More  than  1.50  co-operative  experiments  are  now  under  way,  and 
many  more  will  be  undertaken.  Those  interested  in  conducting  small 
plot  tests  with  alfalfa  would  do  well  to  address  Professor  J.  Buchanan, 
Superintendent  of  Co-operative  Farm  Crop  Experiments,  Ames,  Iowa, 
for  more  definite  information. 

BEXEFICIAL    SOIL   TREATMEXTS    FOR   ALFALFA. 

Among  the  co-operative  tests  on  the  different  soil  types,  only  two  soils 
were  found  where  at  least  one  of  the  treatments, — inoculation,  lime  or 
manure,  or  a  combination  of  two  of  these,  did  not  prove  to  be  very 
beneficial  to  the  alfalfa,  resulting  in  a  more  vigorous,  healthy  growth 
arid  a  larger  yield. 

On  a  number  of  the  soils,  where  one  or  more  of  these  treatments  was 
beneficial,  a  fair  crop  was  secured  without  treatment.  A  seeding  made 
without  treatment  might  be  termed  successful,  yet  the  results  secured, 
as  measured  by  the  yield  of  hay  and  the  general  vigor  of  the  seeding, 
would  not  approach  the  results  attained  when  the  soil  was  properly  pre- 
pared. 

Of  the  two  fields  on  which  none  of  the  treatments  showed  any  ef- 
fects, at  least  one  had  received  a  good  application  of  manure  over  the 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  673 


•.    !- 


K  ' 


r-'*"" 


1  •. 


•;  u.,<?j. 


""""1  '% 


r-l5»  ,      • 


I  i        *         •  I  I       •  , J 

•  .  i — .•■! 7\-''U-.r^ 


Fig-.  14. — Each  clot  shows  the  location  of  a  co-operative  field  where 
different  treatment  of  the  soil  and  dates  of  seeding-  are  being-  tried  out. 
Most  of  these  were  established  in  1912,  therefore,  data  on  them  is  not 
yet  available, 

whole  field  the  preceding  year  and  this  may  have  had  considerable  to  do 
in  blanketing  the  effects  of  the  later  treatments. 

On  four  of  these  fields  the  alfalfa  was  an  absolute  failure  on  those  por- 
tions which  received  no  treatment  of  any  sort,  while  good  yields  were 
secured  on  these  soils  when  the  necessary  treatment  had  been  made. 
On  many  of  the  fields  the  alfalfa  on  the  untreated  portion  was  yellowish, 
weak  and  short.  Considering  these  facts,  then,  it  becomes  important  to 
know  the  extent  to  which  the  different  treatments  are  either  beneficial 
or  essential,  when  used  either  alone  or  in  combination. 

These  treatments  will  be  considered  now  only  from  the  standpoint  of 
their  benefit  to  the  alfalfa  seeding  as  shown  by  these  tests.  No  con- 
sideration will  be  given,  for  the  present,  to  general  recommendations  re- 
.garding  the  time  and  methods  of  making  the  applications,  etc. 

Manure: — The  reports  indicate  that  on  nine  of  the  fields  manure  was 
absolutely  essential  to  the  greatest  success  with  alfalfa.  Fourteen  re- 
ports show  that  while  it  was  beneficial  it  was  not  necessarily  essential  to 
success  provided  that  some  other  treatment,  possibly  bone  meal  or  in- 
oculation, was  given.  On  eight  fields  the  crops  indicated  that  while  the 
manure  was  beneficial,  it  would  not  bring  the  greatest  success  when  used 
alone;   something  e.sa  was  also  necessary. 

Averaging  the  reports  of  all  the  men  who  estimated  the  yields  of  the 
different  plots,  on  the  basis  of  1.5  tons  per  acre  for  the  untreated  plots, 
the  manured  plots  averaged  2.53  tons  per  acre,  an  increase  in  yield  of  hay 
of  over  75  per  cent. 

43 


674 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


TABLE  XI. 
The  Effect  of  Ten  Tons  of  Manure  per  Acre  Before  Seeding  Alfalfa. 


Effect  of  Treatment. 


No.    Of 
Reports. 


Essential  to  greatest  success  

Beneficial,  but  not  necessarily  essential  in  establishing  a  successful  field 
Beneficial,  but  some  additional  treatment  also  necessary  for  best  results 
No  benefit  from  application  


Bone  Meal: — To  determine  the  effect  of  an  additional  supply  of 
phosphorus,  bone  meal  was  used  on  a  portion  of  the  plots.  While  it  will 
he  seen  by  referring  to  table  XII,  that  the  bone  meal  was  beneficial  in 
many  cases  it  was  not  so  necessary  as  manure.  When  used  it  should  be 
in  connection  with  manure  rather  than  alone  as  it  seems  quite  apparent 
that  the  organic  matter  and  readily  available  nitrogen  in  the  manure  is 
often  quite  necessary  in  getting  the  alfalfa  well  started. 

TABLE   XII. 
The  Effect  of  400  Pounds  of  Bone  Meal  per  Acre  Before  Seeding  Alfalfa. 


Effect  of  Treatment. 


No.    of 
Reports. 


Essential  to  greatest  success 

Beneficial,   but  not  necessarily  essential  in  establishing   a  successful  field 

Beneficial,  but  some  other  treatment  also  necessary  for  best  results 

No  benefit  from   application  


Fig.  15. — CuLLing  alfalfa  at  the  Iowa  Experiment  Station.  This  field 
made  2.95  tons  per  acre  of  field  cured  hay,  first  cutting,  1912,  and  a  total 
of  7.03  tons  wex'e  cut  during  the  season. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII 


675 


Lime: — On  at  least  two  of  the  fields  the  lime  was  absolutely  essential 
to  success  and  on  ten  fields  it  was  shown  to  be  beneficial  in  promoting  a 
strong  vigorous  growth.  In  a  number  of  cases  the  lime  appeared  to  be 
of  no  value  when  applied  alone,  but  when  inoculated  soil  was  used  in 
connection  with  it,  an  excellent  growth  was  secured. 


TABLE'   XIII. 
The  Effect  of  Applying  Lime  at  the  Rate  of  2,000 


per  Acre. 


Effect  of  Treatment. 


No.    of 
Reports, 


Essential  to  greatest  success  2 

Beneficial,   but  not  necessarily  essentia]  in  establishing   a  successful  field 10 

Beneficial,  but  some  other  treatment  also  necessary  for  best  results 7 

No  benefit  from  application  


Inoculation: — These  tests  unquestionably  indicate  the  value  and  need 
of  inoculating  the  soil  before  seeding  alfalfa.  On  nine  of  the  fields  the 
reports  indicate  that  inoculation  was  absolutely  essential  to  the  best 
results  though  in  many  cases  some  other  treatment  was  also  necessary. 
This  was  most  often  manure,  though  on  a  number  of  soils  which  were 
undoubtedly  acid,  an  application  of  lime  was  also  necessary  before  the 
inoculation  was  effective. 

TABLE    XIV. 
The  Effect  of  Applying  Inoculated  Soil  at  the  Rate  of  30O  lbs.  per  Acre. 


Effect  of  Treatment. 


No.    of 
Reports. 


Essential  to  greatest   success  

Beneficial,  but  not  necessarily  essential  to  establishing  a  successful  field 

Beneficial,  but  some  other  treatment  also  necessary  for  best  results 

No  benefit  from  application  


FIELDS    INFLUEJN'CED    BY    TREATMENT 

In  reporting  to  the  Experiment  Station  the  first  cutting  in  1911  the 
co-operators  were  asked  to  estimate  the  comparative  yields  of  field  cured 
hay  on  the  portions  receiving  the  different  treatments  basing  their  com- 
parisons on  an  assumed  yield  of  1.5  tons  per  acre  on  the  untreated  plots. 
From  table  XV  it  will  be  seen  that  on  this  basis  the  lime  increased  the 
yield  of  the  first  cutting  nearly  .5  ton;  the  bone  meal  .64  of  a  ton;  in- 
oculation .83  of  a  ton,  and  manure  1.03  tons. 


676 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


'1 

i 
j 

-^S?,         *^g 

.^     --4»^ 

■■■H 

w      ^ 

mm^trm 

^imigi 

■| 

m 

""^H 

^^m 

.mn 

^^^^          t'V    ' 

■V 

1 

L 

HBUKnAea^n^^i 

'ii'i  I'liryfiii 

^ 

Fig.  16. — This  plot  of  alfalfa  on  the  station  fields  at  Ames,  produced 
2.5  tons  of  field  cured  hav  when  cut  on  June  8.  Photograph  shows  con- 
dition  on  May   25,   1906. 

TABLE  XV. 

The  Effect   of   Various   Treatments    on   Alfalfa,    as   Measured   by   the   Estimated   Yield 

of  Hay. 


Treatment 

Tons 
per  acre 

Increased  yield 
due  to  treatment 

Manure,  10  tons  per  acre ^ 

Inoculation,  300  lbs.  per  acre  of  alfalfa  soil 

Bone  Meal    400  lbs    per  acre                                       • 

2.53 
2.33 
2.14 
1.97 
1.50 

1.03 
.83 
.64 

Lime    ''  OOO  lbs    per  acre                             -         — 

.47 

Assuming  for  the  time  that  a  stand  of  alfalfa  could  be  secured  without 
the  use  of  manure;  that  the  assumed  yield  was  placed  twice  too  high, 
and  that  the  actual  average  increase  from  the  use  of  manure  was  only  one 
half  that  shown,  still  the  increase  in  yield  of  alfalfa  hay  in  the  first 
season  alone  would  have  a  greater  value  than  the  total  yield  of  the  aver- 
age acre  of  oats. 

Since  approximately  one-half  of  the  annual  yield  is  secured  in  the  first 
cutting,  the  total  increase  for  the  year  would  be  one  ton,  the  value  of 
which  in  1910  was  estimated  to  be  $11.60.  On  no  other  farm  crop  can 
manure  be  so  profitably  used  as  on  alfalfa. 

On  the  same  basis  an  application  of  300  lbs.  of  alfalfa  soil  resulted 
in  an  average  increase  in  the  yield  of  hay  valued  at  $9.63  for  each  acre. 
A  good  return  for  300  pounds  of  soil. 

The  use  of  2,000  lbs.  of  lime  valued  at  $5.00'  per  car  load  at  the  quarry, 
gave  an  increase  the  first  year  valued  at  $5.45  per  acre. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  677 

It  must  be  remembered  that  treatments  such  as  lime  and  inoculation 
influence  not  only  the  first  crop  after  seeding,  but  every  year's  crop  so 
long  as  the  alfalfa  remains. 

In  a  number  of  cases  it  has  been  observed  that  the  differences  were 
much  more  marked  in  the  second  and  third  years  than  in  the  first. 

Considering  these  average  results  from  trials  over  the  state,  can  one  af- 
ford not  to  use  manure,  or  lime  or  inoculation  in  seeding  a  field  to  al- 
falfa even  though  some  of  these  may  not  be  necessary  on  the  particular 
soil  in  question? 

There  is  only  one  answer;  no  farmer  can  afford  to  run  the  risk  of 
failure  since  there  is  no  way  of  measuring  in  advance  the  results  of  these 
treatments. 

After  these  co-operators  had  grown  alfalfa  for  two  years  and  observed 
the  effect  of  different  treatments,  some  general  information  was  asked  of 
each  as  to  the  success  with  which  alfalfa  could  be  grown  in  his  locality, 
provided  proper  methods  were  used  in  preparing  the  seed  bed  and  in 
seeding.  The  replies  to  these  general  questions  indicate,  perhaps  better 
than  anything  else,  what  may  be  expected  of  the  crop  when  its  few  sim- 
ple requirements   (sweet  soil,  bacteria,  available  fertilizer,  etc.)   are  met. 

Of  all  the  co-operators  who  responded  to  the  question,  "As  a  result  of 
your  experiment  have  you  decided  to  grow  alfalfa  on  a  larger  scale  on 
your  farm?"    100  per  cent  responded  in  the  affirmative. 

All  but  one  answered  in  the  affirmative  the  question,  "As  a  result  of 
your  experiment  would  you  recommend  alfalfa  to  your  neighbors?" 

The  question,  "Why  have  you  decided  to  increase  your  acreage  and 
to  recommend  alfalfa  to  your  neighbors?"  brought  the  following  an- 
swers : 

"I  consider  it  the  most  profitable  crop  the  Iowa  farmer  can  grow  to  a 
certain  extent." 

"Because  I  am  sure  it  can  be  raised  on  the  right  kind  of  ground  with 
right  treatment." 

"It  is  a  valuable  crop,  also  a  soil  fertilizer." 

"Because  it  is  the  most  profitable  crop  we  can  raise." 

"I  have  been  raising  it  for  15  years  and  it  is  much  more  profitable." 

"It  is  the  most  satisfactory  forage  crop  ever  planted." 

"I  believe  it  will  be  a  paying  crop.  This  is  quite  a  dairy  section  and 
we  need  rich  feeds." 

"I  think  it  is  the  best  forage  crop  we  have." 

"I  think  it  is  a  very  fine  crop." 

"Because  I  believe  it  is  a  practical  crop  for  Iowa." 

"Because  I  think  it  is  the  best  paying  crop  we  can  raise." 

TRIALS  AT  THE  STATE  EXPERIMENT  STATION 

As  an  indication  of  what  alfalfa  will  do  in  Iowa  in  a  series  of  years, 
when  grown  on  what  might  be  termed  an  average  Iowa  soil,  the  yields 
secured  from  numerous  seedings  made  on  the  Iowa  Agricultural  Ex- 
periment station  fields  at  Ames  will  be  of  interest. 


678  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

The  station  records  show  that  since  1904,  IG  different  seedings  have 
been  made.  Some  crops  were  seeded  in  the  spring  with  a  nurse  crop, 
vrhile  others  were  put  in  alone.  Still  other  plots  were  seeded  during 
August  on  summer  fallowed  land.  Other  variations  are  also  recorded, 
such  as  the  method  of  seeding,  inoculation  of  the  field,  use  of  lime  or 
manure,  etc.  However  no  comparison  is  to  be  made  of  these  different 
treatments.  The  conclusions  drawn  might  be  entirely  misleading,  be- 
cause the  best  methods  and  treatments  necessary  will  vary  greatly  in 
different  seasons  or  on  different  soils.  The  readings  are  presented  rather 
to  indicate  the  results  which  may  be  expected  from  this  crop  when  the 
demands  of  the  plant  are  fully  met. 

As  has  been  said,  the  soil  types  found  at  Ames  are  rather  average  for 
the  state;  brown  loam,  black  sandy  loam  and  black  silt  loam.  The  fer- 
tility is  only  average,  no  commercial  fertilizers  are  ever  used  and  ma- 
nure was  used  only  in  such  manner  as  is  possible  on  any  good  stock 
farm. 

In  preparing  the  seed  bed  or  in  seeding,  no  methods  were  used  which 
would  not  be  practical  on  any  Iowa  farm.  In  preparing  the  seed  bed,  how- 
ever, as  in  all  the  operations,  the  work  was  thoroughly  and  carefully  per- 
formed, for  with  a  crop  at  stake  so  valuable  as  is  alfalfa,  no  farmer  can 
afford  to  leave  anything  to  chance. 

The  yields  secured  under  these  conditions  are  recorded  in  tables  XVI, 
XVII,   XVIII. 

In  1905  five  plots  gave  an  average  yield  of  4.36  tons  of  hay  per  acre, 
the  greatest  yield  from  any  one  plat  being  6.12  tons.  In  1906  the  aver- 
age yield  of  three  plats  was  5.42  tons  per  acre,  and  in  1907  with  two 
new  seedings  considered,  the  average  was  4.5  tons.     The  yields  for  190S 


Fig-.    17. — Members   of   farmers'    clubs   when   visiting   the   experiment   sta- 
tion  inspect   the  alfalfa  fields. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  679 


Fig.    18. — Showing-    second    cutting-    of    alfalfa        ;     -  1       at    Ames, 

July.  17.  Total  yield  of  field  cured  hay  from  three  cuttings  during  the 
season,    7.24    tons. 

are  not  available.  During  the  spring  and  late  summer  of  1908  a  num- 
ber of  new  seedings  were  made  so  that  during  the  years  1909,  10  and  11, 
eleven  plots  were  under  observation.  The  average  yields  from  these 
plots  was  4.92  tons  per  acre  in  1909,   4.28   in  1910,  and  3.68  in  1911. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  average  yield  increased  considerably  dur- 
ing the  three  years;  nearly  half  a  ton  per  acre.  This  is  no  doubt  partially 
due  to  the  fact  that  the  rainfall  for  1911  was  very  light  and  that  of  1910 
considerably  below  the  average.  It  is  also  true,  however,  that  on  some 
cf  the  plots  the  blue  grass  made  serious  inroads,  as  most  of  these  plots 
received  no  cultivation, 

TABLE  XVI. 
Yield  of  Field  Cured  Alfalfa  Hay  in  19Ci>  ard  1&.^3  on  5  Plots  at  Ames. 


PLOT  KO. 

11 

12 

li 

14 

15 

1905 
Yield  per  A.— Tons  

1st  Cutting  June  13-17 

3.87 

1.13 
1.29 
1.45 

4.64 

l.€6 
1.73 
1.25 

4.16 

1.63 
1.25 
1.25 
4.4 

6.12 

2. CO 
2.12 
2.0O 

4.32 

1.47 
1.53 
1.32 

7.24 

2.5 
2.43 
2.31 
5.78 

2.86 
1.01 

2nd  Cutting-  .July  8-10 

.93 

3rd  Cutting  August  14-17    _.    . 

.92 

1906 
Yield  per  A.— Tons      _.       

*»» 

2nd   Cutting  July  17-lS 

3rd  Cutting  August  25-2S 

Average  Yield  per  Acre 

3.87 

6.12 

2.86 

'Plowed  in  April,   1908. 


680 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


TABLE   XVII. 
Yield  of  Field  Cured  Alfalfa  Hay  on  Plots  at  Ames.  1906-11. 


PLOT   NO. 


A6 


B7 


C8 


D9 


1906 
Yield  per  A. 


-Tons 


1st  Cutting  June  8...^ 

2nd  Cutting  July  20 

Srd  Cutting  August  28_ 

1907 
Yield  per  A.— Tons 


1st  Cutting  June  25 

2nd  Cutting  August  1- 
3rd  Cutting  October  5. 

1909 
Yield  per  A.— Tons 


1st  Cutting  June  18 

2nd  Cutting  August  4-- 
3rd  Cutting  October  i. 

1910 
Yield  per  A,— Tons 


1st  Cutting  June  22 

Znd  Cutting  July  26 

Srd  Cutting  September  10. 


1911 
Yield  per  A. 


-Tons. 


1st  Cutting  June  5 

2nd  Cutting  July  10 

3rd  Cutting  August  29 

Average  Yield  per  A.  from  the  plot- 


Tons. 


4.86 

2.23 

1.2 

1.43 


4.42 

1.74 
1.65 
1.03 


5.0 

2.37 
1.63 
1.0 


4.54 

2.23 
1,28 
1.03 


5.11 

2.14 
1.60 
1.37 
4.78 


TABLE   XVIII. 
Yield  of  Field  Cured  Alfalfa  Hay  at  the  Ir.wa  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  1909-1911. 


PLOT  NO. 


1 

2 

4 

5 

6 

4.25 

4.05 

4.4 

5.0 

5.9 

5.35 

2.2 
1.5 
.55 

2.85 
1.5 

.7 

2.7 

1.1 

.6 

2.45 

1.5 

1.05 

3.3 

1.7 

.9 

2.55 

1.85 

.95 

3.57 

4.36 

3.68 

4.40 

4.53 

5.21 

1.96 
1.12 

.49 

2.41 

1.29 

.66 

2.02 
1.1 
.56 

2.28 

1.38 

.74 

2.56 

1.24 

.73 

2.92 

1.35 

.94 

3.23 

3.37 

3.21 

3.20 

3.31 

3.39 

2.30 
.89 
.02 

2.44 
.9 

.03 

2.25 
.93 
.03 

2.47 
.71 
.02 

2.6 
.69 
.02 

2.42 
.94 
.03 

3.68 

3.92 

3.76 

4.2 

4.58 

4.65 

1909 
Yield  per  A.— Tons 

1st  Cutting  June  18 

2nd  Cutting  August  4 

3rd  Cutting  October  4 

1910 
Yield  per  A.— Tons 

1st  Cutting  June  22 

2nd  Cutting  July  26 

3rd   Cutting  August  10 

1911 
Yield   per  A.— Tons. 

1st  Cutting  June  5 

2nd  Cutting  July  26 

3rd  Cutting  Aug.  29 

Average    Yield    per    A.— from    the 
plot   - 


lost 
1.30 


4.75 


1.34 
1.02 


4.13 

2.64 

l.Ol 

.45 


4.44 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  681 

Good  yields  may  be  expected  for  a  number  of  years  when  the  blue 
grass  is  kept  out,  especially  if  the  soil  was  in  good  physical  condition 
and  fertile  when  the  plot  was  seeded.  It  will  be  observed  that  plot  A6, 
which  was  left  in  alfalfa  for  six  years,  maintained  its  yielding  power  to 
the  very  last.  It  produced  an  average  of  over  4%  tons  per  acre  for  the 
five  years  for  which  the  records  are  available. 

Plot  D9,  which  was  in  alfalfa  for  three  years  produced  better  than 
five  tons  each  year,  while  plot  13  produced  over  six  tons  in  a  single 
year  and  plot  14  nearly  T^A  tons  with  an  average  for  two  seasons  of  5% 
tons  per  acre. 

The  lowest  acre  yield  secured  from  any  one  plot  in  a  season  was  from 
plot  15  in  1905  when  the  yield  was  2.86  tons.  Even  this  yield  however  ia 
better  than  is  secured,  except  under  unusual  conditions,  from  any  of  our 
other  tame  hays. 

SELECTION   AND    TREATMENT    OF   THE   ALFALFA    SOIL 

On  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  men  representing  all  manner  of  soil 
types,  who  reported  to  the  Iowa  Agricultural  Experiment  station  their 
method  of  seeding  and  handling  the  alfalfa  crop,  85.5  per  cent  were  suc- 
cessful. This  evidence  tends  to  strengthen  our  belief  that,  provided 
proper  methods  are  used  in  preparing  the  soil  to  grow  this  crop,  it  can 
be  grown  successfully  on  at  least  portions  of  practically  every  farm  in 
Iowa,  though  no  doubt  there  are  particular  soils  and  locations  which  are 
better  adapted  to  its  growth  than  others. 

CHOICE  OF  SOILS 

In  selecting  the  soil  or  field  whJch  is  to  be  seeded  to  alfalfa  there 
are  several  conditions  which  must  be  considered.     They  are: 

1.  The  Texture  of  the  Soil. 

2.  The  Drainage  of  the  Soil. 

3.  The  Fertility  of  the  Soil. 

4.  The  Need  of  Inoculation. 

5.  The  Need  of  Lime. 

The  successful  growing  of  alfalfa  or  any  other  legume  may  be  impossible 
if  any  one  of  these  factors  is  overlooked.  Many  Iowa  soils  are  open  and 
Iriabie,  well  drained  and  fertile,  contain  the  necessary  bacteria  and  do 
not  need  lime,  and  they  may  grow  alfalfa  very  successfully  merely  by 
applying  good  cultural  methods.  Most  Iowa  soils,  however,  will  give 
much  better  results  when  available  fertility  is  supplied  in  the  form  of  ma- 
nure. Others  may  be  ideal  for  alfalfa  save  in  that  they  require  the  ad- 
dition of  the  necessary  bacteria;  while  others,  particularly  in  south  cen- 
tral and  north  central  Iowa,  need  lime.  The  only  safe  plan  is  to  insure 
the  presence  of  the  conditions  necessary  by  supplying  them.  The  crop 
will  far  more  than  repay  the  trouble. 

TEXTURE    OF    SOIL 

Alfalfa  gives  much  the  best  results  on  deep,  loose,  open,  friable  soils, 
such  as  are  represented  by  the  loess  areas  along  the  Missouri  and  Miss- 
issippi.   On  these  soils  there  is  practically  no  trouble  in  getting  a  stand 


682  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

except  on  some  of  the  highest  points  where  a  good  application  of  ma- 
nure seems  necessary.  Soils  which  are  light  and  friable,  due  to  a  large 
per  cent  of  sand  are  not  usually  well  adapted  to  alfalfa  because  they 
are  rather  low  in  fertility.  This  difficulty  may  be  corrected  by  the  free 
use  of  manure  when  excellent  results  may  be  expected.  Though  good 
fields  are  occasionally  found  on  heavy  soils,  such  as  contain  considerable 
clay,  this  is  exceptional.  Heavy  soils  seem  well  adapted  to  sweet  clover, 
however,  and  the  grow^th  of  that  crop  for  a  couple  of  seasons  helps  to 
put  the  land  in  condition  for  alfalfa  seeding.  The  roots  of  the  more 
hardy  clover  open  the  soil  to  some  depth  and  leave  considerable  amounts 
of  organic  matter  and  readily  available  fertility. 

DRAINAGE 

It  is  useless  to  attempt  to  grow  alfalfa  upon  land  which  is  not  thor- 
oughly well  drained,  either  by  nature  or  by  the  use  of  tile  or  open 
ditches.  Some  of  the  best  results  secured  have  been  on  drained  bottom 
lands,  likely  because  of  their  fertility.  But  the  fertility  alone  without 
good  drainage  would  not  have  produced  these  results.  This  does  not 
mean  that  the  highest  ground  available  should  be  chosen  as  this  ground 
is  likely  to  be  quite  unfertile.  Land  which  is  slightly  rolling  or  nearly 
level  and  well  drained  is  usually  considered  the  best. 

MANURE 

Eight  to  twelve  tons  per  acre  of  good  manure  should  be  applied  be- 
fore plowing  for  alfalfa,  for  the  use  of  manure  is  by  far  the  most 
important  factor  in  securing  successful  results  on  Iowa  soils.  It  is  a 
notable  fact  that  of  23  correspondents  who  make  special  mention  of  the 
fact  that  they  manured  their  fields  before  plowing  but  one  failed. 


Courtesy   R.    E.    Buchanan,   Ames,    Iowa. 

Fig.     19. — Tubercles    such    as    are    formed    on    alfalfa    and    sweet    clover 

roots    by    bacteria    which    feed    upon    the    free    nitrogen    of    the    air.      This 

liitrog-en    finally    becomes    available    to    the    host    plant,    and    ultimately    to 

other  crops  which  may  follow  in  the  rotation. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— RART  XIl  682 

Wliile  good  stands  and  yields  of  alfalfa  have  been  secured  on  fertile 
soils  without  manure,  yet  yields  are  in  almost  every  case  largely  in- 
creased by  its  use.  On  sells  of  on'y.  medium  fertility,  manure  is  essen- 
tial to  the  greatest  success;  on  soi:s  below  the  average,  successful  stands 
are  practically  never  secure;!  '\\ithout  its  liberal  use. 

Before  the  alfalfa  plant  has  established  its  root  system,  so  as  to 
give  it  a  large  feeding  area,  and  before  the  bacteria  have  developed  in 
sufficient  numbers  to  make  available  the  unlimited  supply  of  nitrogen  in 
the  air,  an  abundance  of  available  plant  food  must  be  at  hand.  Even 
after  the  plant  is  well  established  the  yieM  of  hay  will  be  much  in- 
creased by  an  occasional  top-dressing  of  manure.  Manure  stimulates  the 
activity  of  the  alfalfa  bsctfria  and  makes  it  possible  for  the  alfalfa  to 
draw  more  heavily  upon  the  atmospheric  nitrogen.  The  deep  roots  of 
the  alfalfa,  plant  make  it  possible  for  it  to  secure  much  of  its  mineral 
plant  food  far  below  the  surface,  where  our  ordinary  farm  crop's  roots 
cannot  grow.  Old  alfalfa  fields  which  are  well  established  probably  take 
but  a  comparatively  sm^all  per  cent  of  their  plant  food  elements  from 
the  surface  soil,  since  a  large  per  cent  of  the  fine-feeding  roots  are  to  be 
found  far  down  in  the  sub-soil. 

INOCULATION 

While  a  majority  of  the  successful  stands  of  alfa.fa  in  Iowa  have  been 
secured  without  inoculation,  yet  fewer  failures  are  recorded  where  the 
presence  of  the  necessary  bacteria  was  guaranteed  by  inoculation.  Be- 
sides, the  co-operative  experiments  show  that  in  practically  every  in- 
stance where  the  soil  was  inoculated,  a  more  vigorous  growth  resulted. 
In  many  cases  the  difference  was  the  difference  between  a  success  and 
a  total  failure.  Considering  the  ease  and  slight  expense  of  inocula,tion, 
a  farmer  can  ill  afford  to  risk  a  loss  by  not  inoculating. 

On  soils  which  do  not  naturally  contain  these  bacteria  it  is  absolutely 
essential  that  they  be  introduced.  As  there  is  no  way  of  determining 
whether  these  bacteria  are  in  a  given  soil  without  attempting  to  grow 
alfalfa,  the  only  safe  way  is  to  inoculate.  A  small  area  may  be  seeded 
and  inoculated  the  first  year,  from  which  soil  may  be  secured  for  larger 
areas  in  following  seasons.  There  are  two  methods  by  which  this  in- 
oculation may  be  secured. 

If  soils  can  be  secured  from  a  nearby  alfa.fa  field,  where  vigorous 
plants  have  an  abundance  of  tubercles  on  their  roots,  use  300  lbs.  or  more 
of  soil  per  acre,  distributing  it  as  uniformly  as  possible.  This  work 
may  well  be  done  at  the  time  of  seeding.  If  soil  is  not  available  from 
an  alfalfa  field,  soil  from  a  sweet  clover  patch  may  be  used.  This  soil 
should  not  be  exposed  to  the  sun  any  more  than  necessary,  and  may 
well  be  applied  toward  evening  and  harrowed  in  thoroughly  at  once.  The 
direct  rays  of  the  sun  soon  kill  the  bacteria. 

Attempts  have  been  made  for  years  to  develop  pure  cultures  of  bacteria 
for  the  different  legumes.  In  the  main  the  results  have  not  been  particu- 
larly satisfactory.  More  recently,  however,  two  commercial  concerns 
have  put  out  cultures  which  have  met  with  quite  general  success;    one 


684  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

of  these  is  "Parmogerin"  manufactured  by  Earp  Thomas  Farmogerm 
Company,  Bloomfield,  New  Jersey;  and  the  other  "Nitragin"  manufac- 
tured by  the  German-American  Nitfagin  Co.,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin.  Both 
of  these  pure  cultures  have  been  used  on  the  Iowa  Agricultural  experi- 
ment station  plots,  though  the  tests  have  not  been  thorough  enough  as 
yet  to  permit  unreserved  recommendation.  While  the  effect  of  the  in- 
oculation was  very  apparent,  it  is  possible  that  just  as  great  a  benefit 
might  have  resulted  from  the  use  of  inoculated  soil.  The  claim  is  made 
among  bacteriologists,  however,  that  the  pure  cultures  may  add  to  the 
soil  not  only  a  great  number  of  bacteria,  but  also  bacteria  which  are 
more  virulent  and  vigorous  than  those  already  found  there.  However, 
until  more  tests  have  been  made,  we  believe  that  the  soil  inoculation 
must  be  recommended. 

THE    USE   OF   LIME 

The  co-operative  alfalfa  tests  indicate  that  at  least  on  many  Iowa 
soils  the  use  of  lime  is  to  be  recommended.  Its  application  has  in  many 
cases  been  very  beneficial.  No  harm  can  come  from  an  application  of 
2,000  or  more  pounds  per  acre  especially  if  this  be  in  the  form  of  lime- 
stone screenings  or  finely  ground  limestone,  which  are  the  best  forms 
to  use.  One  thousand  to  3,000  pounds  will  no  doubt  be  sufficient  on  most 
Iowa  soils  though  on  similar  soils  in  adjoining  states  experiments  have 
shown  that  in  some  cases  as  much  as  6,000  pounds  are  necessary. 

In  a  number  of  instances  in  this  state  application  of  lime  was  shown 
to  be  absolutely  essential  before  alfalfa  could  be  grown  successfully,  in- 
dicating that  the  soil  was  strongly  acid.  In  other  cases  while  a  satis- 
factory growth  was  secured  without  the  use  of  lime,  yet  when  it  was  used 
the  growth  was  more  vigorous  and  of  better  color. 

Alfalfa  requires  for  its  best  growth  a  large  amount  of  calcium,  which 
is  the  active  principle  of  lime.  Also  alfalfa  cannot  grow  and  thrive  in 
soils  which  are  at  all  acid.  The  nitrogen-gathering  bacteria,  which  live 
upon  the  alfalfa  roots,  and  which  in  turn  provide  the  alfalfa  plant  with 
most  of  its  supply  of  nitrogen,  cannot  live,  thrive  and  multiply  in  an 
acid  soil. 

Soils  may  be  tested  for  acidity  easily  by  the  use  of  litmus  paper. 
Take  soil  from  a  few  inches  below  the  surface  of  the  ground  and  after 
thoroughly  wetting  it,  press  it  into  a  ball.  Halve  it  with  a  knife  and 
after  placing  a  piece  of  blue  litmus  paper  between  the  two  cut  sur- 
faces, again  press  parts  into  a  ball.  At  the  end  of  ten  or  fifteen  minutes 
remove  the  litmus  paper  and  examine.  If  it  has  changed  from  blue  to 
a  distinctive  red  color,  one  may  be  reasonably  sure  that  the  soil  is  acid 
and  is  in  need  of  lime. 

Litmus  paper  can  be  secured  at  any  good  drug  store. 

Lime  should  be  applied  after  plowing  and  thoroughly  disked  in,  pref- 
erably some  weeks  in  advance  of  seeding.  It  may  be  spread  from  a 
wagon  with  a  shovel  or  a  manure  spreader  may  be  used.  An  old  broad- 
cast grain  seeder  may  also  be  used. 

Those  who  contemplate  seeding  alfalfa  should  send  for  Circular  No.  2 
of  the  Iowa  Experiment  Station,  "Liming  Iowa  Soils." 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII 


685 


•-^^ 


.sa^ife 


Fig-.  20. — Showing  growth  of  alfalfa  on  May  26,  1906.  at  the  time  of 
the  first  cutting-.  The  fall  seeded  alfalfa  nine  months  from  seeding-,  is 
neai'ly  as   large  as   on  the   two-year-old  fields. 

PREPARING  THE  SEED  BED  AND  SEEDING 

To  prepare  for  alfalfa  seedings,  the  land  should  be  disked  and  har- 
rowed thoroughly  immediately  after  plowing.  Then  work  it  every  ten 
days  or  two  weeks,  or  at  least  after  every  rain  until  the  seed  is  sown. 

Ten  of  Iowa's  most  successful  alfalfa  growers  in  reporting  their  meth- 
ods, say:  "It  is  absolutely  necessary  to  work  the  ground  well  previous 
to  sowing,"  in  order  to  conserve  moisture  and  get  rid  of  weed  seed.  It 
is  necessary  to  disk  and  harrow,  as  one  said,  "until  you  are  weary." 

When  August  seeding  is  practiced  this  cultivation  should  begin  as  soon 
as  the  preceding  crop  is  removed.  In  case  that  no  crop  is  sown  in  the 
spring,  the  land  should  be  worked  well  throughout  the  entire  summer. 
The  necessity  of  thoroughness  in  this  preparation  cannot  be  over-em- 
phasized. Unless  the  land  is  prepared  early  in  the  summer  and  then  a 
good  mulch  maintained,  there  will  be  great  danger  of  a  lack  of  moisture 
to  insure  germination.  Then  again,  alfalfa  will  not  fight  weeds,  and  un- 
less the  soil  is  stirred  often,  in  this  way  bringing  the  weed  seeds  to  the 
surface  and  germinating  them  before  the  alfalfa  crop  is  put  in,  difficulty 
and  possible  failure  will  result.  Further,  while  the  surface  soil  should 
be  very  well  fined  and  loose,  the  sub-surface  should  be  rather  compact. 
Late  and  insufficient  preparation  means  a  loose  seed  bed  with  more  dry- 
ing out,  and  then  in  the  v/inter  great  danger  from  heaving,  with  the 
loss  of  the  whole  crop  as  a  result. 


MANNER  AND   THE   TIME   OF   SEEDING 

The  alfalfa  seed  should  by  all  means  be  drilled  in  when  possible,  and 
should  be  placed  from  i/o  to  li/^  inches  below  the  surface,  depending  upon 


686  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

the  moisture  and  texture  of  the  soil.  If  the  seed  bed  is  very  well  pre- 
pared there  is  great  danger  that  the  drill  may  run  too  deep.  Use  care 
to  insure  against  this  difficulty.  To  get  the  most  uniform  stand  it  is 
often  advisable  to  go  over  the  field  twice,  putting  in  one-half  of  the  seed 
each  time  and  crossing  the  field  the  other  way  the  second  time  over.  If 
drilling  is  impossible,  the  seed  may  be  sown  broadcast  and  harrowed  in 
well,  or  even  disked  in.  If  this  be  done  toward  evening,  then  any  mois- 
ture in  the  surface  soil  will  help  to  secure  germination. 

There  are  in  common  use  in  Iowa,  four  methods  or  times  of  seed- 
ing alfalfa,  which  may  be  enumerated  as  follows: 

1.  Seeding  in  the  spring  with  nurse  crops. 

2.  Seeding  in  the  spring  or  early  summer  without  nurse  crop. 

3.  Seeding  in  the  late  summer  following  the  removal  of  some  other  crop. 

4.  Seeding  in  the  late  summer  on  summer-fallowed  land. 

SPRING   SEEDING 

Alfalfa  may  be  seeded  in  the  small  grain  in  the  spring  in  identically 
the  same  manner  as  red  clover.  The  seeding  will  be  more  likely  to  suc- 
ceed if  the  seed  bed  is  well  prepared  the  previous  fall  or  early  in  the 
spring. 

Barley,  wheat  or  rye  make  better  nurse  crops  that  oats.  The  oats  re- 
quire more  water;  they  produce  much  foliage  which  tends  to  shade  and 
"smother,"  and  they  come  off  of  the  ground  late,  when  the  season  is 
likely  to  be  dry  and  the  sun  burning  hot. 

Whatever  small  grain  is  used,  its  rate  of  seeding  should  be  reduced 
from  a  third  to  a  half.  This  will  cut  down  the  yield  of  small  grain  com- 
paratively little,  while  it  will  give  the  alfalfa  a  much  better  chance. 


Fig.  21. — A  perfect  stand;  vigorous  growth,  and  not  a  weed  in  the 
field.  Seeded  the  middle  of  August  in  the  extreme  northern  part  of  the 
state.      (Kossuth  county.) 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  687 


Fig-.  22. — A  perfect  stand  of  alfalfa  on  the  college  farm  without  a  weed 
in  the  entire  field.  Seeded  the  middle  of  August,  1912,  on  summer  fallowed 
land. 

When  alfalfa  is  seeded  in  the  spring  the  weeds  are  likely  to  be  very- 
troublesome  unless  the  ground  is  very  clean,  owing  to  previous  cultiva- 
tion. The  use  of  a  nurse  crop  tends  to  keep  these  weeds  in  check  until 
the  alfalfa  seed  has  had  a  chance  to  get  a  start.  It  is  true  that  the  nurse 
crop  takes  much  of  the  moisture  and  plant  food  which  would  go  to  the 
alfalfa  were  it  seeded  alone,  and  it  also  tends  to  shade  and  smother  it. 
However,  this  smothering  can  be  checked  by  regulating  the  rate  of 
seeding  of  the  nurse  crop,  while  the  smothering  of  weeds  cannot  be 
controlled  if  no  nurse  crop  is  used.  The  fact  that  the  alfalfa  can  be  put 
in  at  little  or  no  extra  expense  aside  from  seed  is  an  added  advantage 
of  seeding  with  a  nurse  crop.  Moreover,  it  is  not  necessary  to  give  up 
the  use  of  the  land  for  a  whole  season  in  order  to  get  the  alfalfa  estab- 
lished. 

SPRING    SEEDING    WITHOUT    NURSE    CROP 

The  second  method,  in  more  or  less  common  use,  is  to  seed  in  the 
spring  without  a  nurse  crop,  usually  seeded  later  than  the  ordinary  time 
for  seeding  small  grain.  When  this  method  of  seeding  is  used,  it  is 
very  important  that  the  land  be  worked  thoroughly  for  some  weeks  in 
advance  of  seeding,  so  that  as  many  as  possible  of  the  weed  seed  in  the 
soil  may  be  sprouted  and  killed,  or  else  that  the  alfalfa  be  seeded  very 
early. 

In  all  cases  when  alfalfa  is  to  be  seeded  in  the  spring,  the  land  should 
be  manured  and  plowed  in  the  fall,  as  the  preparation  will  add  very 
materially  to  the  chances  of  success  with  the  crop. 


688 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


•JKS»'A%'5»ff'  ?^*^4.£i3?3fe'j?*r^'NSTB'e&yiiffcr4m.k3Kxai!  rt^s.^--  .^tva^ieB  ^-i.f  7^, 


Fig.  i»3. — A  perfect  stand  was  secured  in  August,  but  as  there  was 
not  siifEicient  time  after  plowing  to  get  the  weed  seed  germinated  before 
seeding,    the   alfalfa   was   weakened,    and   in   places   killed    by   weeds. 

Reports  regarding  the  time  and  methods  of  seeding  used,  and  the  re- 
sults secured  under  various  conditions,  have  been  secured  from  a  num- 
ber of  growers;  but  since  all  did  not  give  information  on  the  same 
phases  of  the  subject  it  has  been  impossible  to  use  many  of  these  in 
considering  certain  operations. 

Of  43  men  who  reported  seeding  in  the  spring,  27  indicated  whether  or 
not  a  nurse  crop  was  used.  Of  the  20  seedings  made  with  a  nurse  crop, 
80  per  cent  were  successful  as  compared  with  71  per  cent  successful  when 
seeded  without  a  nurse  crop. 

TABLE  XIX. 
Seedings  "With  and  Without  a  Nurse  Crop. 


No.  of 
Reports 

Per  Cent 

Successful 

Per  Cent 
railed 

With   Nurse   Crop 

Without  Nurse  Crop                    

20 

7 

80 
71.4 

20 
28.6 

The  main  advantages  in  spring  seeding  where  this  is  satisfactory,  are 
first,  that  less  labor  is  required  and  second,  that  there  is  a  greater  likeli- 
hood of  plenty  of  moisture.  The  chief  disadvantage  is  that  the  weeds  are 
sure  to  be  more  or  less  troublesome  by  crowding  and  smothering  the 
alfalfa. 

The  yield  of  hay  the  first  season  cut  is  no  larger  from  spring  seeded  than 
from  late  summer  seeded  alfalfa.    While  in  certain  sections  of  the  state 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII 


689 


almost  universal  success  has  been  secured  from  seeding  in  the  spring 
with  a  small  grain  crop,  we  believe  that  when  the  work  is  thoroughly 
done  the  greatest  success  is  had  on  most  soils  from  late  summer  seeding. 

LATE   SUMMER   SEEDING 

On  most  Iowa  soils,  the  surest  method  of  securing  a  stand  is  to  plow 
in  the  spring  or  the  preceding  fall  and  summer-fallow  the  land;  then 
seed  the  middle  of  August,  having  turned  under  a  good  application  of 
mapure,  and  worked  in  lime  and  inoculated  soil.  This  statement  is  sub- 
stantiated by  extensive  observations  and  by  a  large  number  of  reports 
from  practical  men  over  the  state. 


TABLE   XX. 
Spring  and  Late  Summer  Seeding  Compared. 


Time  of 
Seeding 

No.  of 
Reports 

Per  Cent 
Successful 

Per  Cent  Par- 
tially Success- 
ful 

Per  Cent 
Failures 

Spring    ^  --       - 

43 

5t> 

67 
76 

10 
15 

23 

9 

While  this  method  costs  more  in  labor  than  some  of  the  other  methods, 
it  is  also  true  that  often  the  yield  the  following  year  is  considerably 
greater. 

If  the  work  is  thoroughly  done  and  the  land  cultivated  repeatedly 
throughout  the  summer,  there  is  little  chance  of  failure  of  the  alfalfa 
seedings,  even  in  very  dry  seasons  such  as  those  of  1910  and  1911.  In 
fact  during  these  dry  summers  when  90  per  cent  or  more  of  the  clover 
seedings  were  lost,  by  far  the  larger  part  of  the  alfalfa  seedings  made  in 
this  way  were  successful. 

If  alfalfa  seeding  is  to  follow  the  removal  of  a  winter  wheat  crop,  an 
early  cutting  of  red  clover  or  oats  cut  early  for  hay,  the  land  is  pre- 
pared much  as  though  for  summer  fallowing.  It  is  very  important  that 
the  crop  be  gotten  off  the  land  at  the  earliest  possible  date,  manure  ap- 
plied and  the  land  disked  and  plowed.  This  method  has  been  used  more 
generally  than  seeding  on  summer  fallowed  land.  When  the  work  has 
been  thorough  and  commenced  as  early  as  possible,  it  has  been  very  satis- 
factory except  in  seasons  of  very  low  rainfall.  Nearly  all  seedings  made 
in  this  way  in  1910  were  successful,  as  were  also  many  of  those  made  in 
1911.  The  summer  fallow  is,  however,  considered  as  the  surer,  when  the 
work  is  thorough. 

The  chief  advantage  of  fall  seeding  lies  in  the  fact  that  the  land  may 
be  quite  well  freed  from  weeds  before  the  alfalfa  is  sown.  The  main 
disadvantages  are  that  more  work  will  be  required  to  keep  the  land  in 
such  condition  as  will  insure  a  sufficient  supply  of  moisture,  and  also 
that  insect  ravages  are  likely  to  be  more  fatal  to  August  seedings. 


44 


690 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


ALFALFA    SEED 

In  buying  alfalfa  seed  the  highest  priced  seed  is  very  often  the  cheap- 
est. Most  seed  companies  handle  several  grades  varying  much  in  quality, 
purity  and  germination.  Samples  and  prices  may  well  be  secured  from 
several  seed  companies  before  buying  and  the  best  selected  for  planting. 

How  the  value  of  seed  varies  according  to  the  per  cent  germination 
and   foreign   matter   is   shown   in  table  XXI. 


TABLE  XXI. 
Alfalfa  Seed  Value  as  Influenced  by  Purity  and  Germination. 


Market  Price 

Per  Cent 

Per  Cent  of 

Value  Per 

Per  ICO  lbs. 

Germination 

Foreign  Matter 

lOO  lbs. 

$22.00 

100 

0 

$22.00 

22.00 

100 

5 

20.90 

2-2.00 

95 

5 

19.85 

22.00 

90 

0 

19.80 

22.00 

86 

10 

16.83 

22.00 

80 

0 

17.60 

22.00 

70 

15 

13.09 

22.00 

60 

00 

13.20 

There  is  a  much  greater  loss  in  using  seed  of  poor  quality,  than  in  the 
price  of  the  seed.  This  comes  in  the  labor  thrown  away,  the  stands  lost 
and  the  yields  sacrificed  by  its  use,  as  well  as  the  ultimate  expense  of 
eradicating  foul  weeds  which  are  introduced.  The  Iowa  Agricultural  Ex- 
periment Station  last  July  examined  a  sample  of  alfalfa  seed  sown  by  a 
correspondent  which  contained,  though  its  general  appearance  was  very 
good,  6  per  cent  of  clover  dodder.  The  correspondent  states,  "It  seems 
as  though  every  alfalfa  plant  in  the  field  has  a  dodder  on  it."  The  loss 
from  using  this  seed  will  probably  total  several  hundred  dollars.  While 
good  seed  may  be  secured  from  reputable  dealers  outside  the  state,  there 
is  less  danger  of  getting  poor  seed  when  purchased  in  Iowa,  as  this  seed 
is  subject  to  a  state  pure  seed  law. 


High-grade  seed.  Smooth,  plump 
and  uniformly  olive  green  in 
color.  This  is  the  kind  of  seed 
to  buy. 


Low-grade  seed.  While  free 
from  weed  impurities,  the  shrunk- 
en, discolored  brownish  seed  means 
low  vitality. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XH 


691 


"1 
,\ 

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J  \ 

<.:* 

^"^                              i 

^      ^                 .^ 

i 

1 

Fig.  25. — Impurities  and  adulterants  most  commonly  found  in  alfalfa 
seed:  1.  Buckhorn  (Plantago  Lanceolata)  3  seeds.  2.  Broad  Plantain 
(Plantago  Major)  3  seed.  3.  Green  Foxtail  (Chaetochloa  viridis)  3 
seed.  4.  Curley  Dock  (Rumex  crispus)  3  seed.  5.  Bracted  Plantain 
(Plantago  aristata)  3  seed.  6.  Yellow  Foxtail  (Chaetochloa  glauca)  2 
seed.  7.  Pig-  Weed  (Amaranthus  retroflexus)  3  seed.  8.  Clover  dodder 
(Cuscuta  Epithymum)  4  seed.  9.  Yellow  trefoil  (Medicago  Lupulina)  4 
seed.  10.  White  Sweet  Clover  (Melilotus  Alba)  7  seed.  11.  Bur  Clover 
(Medicago   Menticulata)    3   seed. 

The  Experiment  Station  stands  ready  at  all  times  to  test  for  farmers, 
free  of  cost,  any  sample  of  seeds. 


RATE  OF   SEEDIXG 

Twenty  pounds  of  alfalfa  seed  per  acre  is  usually  considered  the 
safest  amount  to  use.  Something  like  73  per  cent  of  farmers  reporting 
on  the  rate  of  seeding  used  20  pounds  per  acre,  12  per  cent  used  less, 
averaging  17  pounds,  and  15  per  cent  used  more,  averaging  22  pounds 
per  acre. 

When  a  good  quality  of  seed  is  used  and  put  in  with  a  drill,  20  pounds 
per  acre  may  be  too  much,  as  this  will  place  about  100  seeds  on  each 
square  foot  of  ground.  After  alfalfa  is  well  set,  ten  plants  to  a  square 
foot  is  enough  to  give  a  yield  of  from  4  to  6  tons  per  acre.  However,  in 
the  first  year  after  seeding,  before  each  plant  is  thoroughly  established,  a 
small  number  of  plants  per  acre  would  mean  a  comparatively  low  yield. 
The  increased  cut  from  the  first  year's  crop  will  probably  more  than  pay 
for  the  additional  seed  used  in  the  heavier  rates  of  seeding.  A  number 
of  tests  show  this,  but  more  are  necessary  before  a  definite  statement 
can  be  made  regarding  our  Iowa  conditions.  Fred  Woolley,  of  Garden 
Grove,  Iowa,  who  is  trying  to  replace  red  clover  with  alfalfa  in  a  regular 
four  years'  rotation,  reports  a  good  stand  v^hen  seeding  as  little  as  6 
pounds  of  alfalfa  seed  with  the  oats  in  the  spring.  Others  report  that 
they  prefer  to  use  more  than  20  pounds  per  acre  rather  than  less.  Too 
thick  seeding  may  so  crowd  the  plants  as  to  weaken  them. 

When  the  rainfall  is  exceedingly  low  or  where  the  alfalfa  is  to  be 
cut  for  seed  a  very  much  lighter  seeding  is  to  be  recommended;  4  to  12 
pounds  per  acre  being  sufficient. 


692  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

CARE  OF  THE  ALFALFA  FIELD 

When  alfalfa  is  seeded  in  tlie  spring  it  is  tlie  common  practice  to  go 
over  the  field  several  times  during  the  summer  with  a  mower,  if  nec- 
essary, clipping  the  weeds  so  that  they  do  not  "smother"  the  young 
plants.  The  sickle-bar  should  be  set  high,  close  cutting  at  this  time  often 
kills  the  crop. 

No  hay  crop  should  be  removed  the  first  year  unless  an  early  seed- 
ing on  a  very  rich  soil  has  produced  an  especially  rapid  growth  and  the 
alfalfa  has  come  into  bloom  by  the  last  of  August.  It  is  usually  con- 
sidered safest  to  leave  a  good  growth  on  the  ground  as  a  cover  during  the 
winter. 

A  few  men  report  that  they  cut  the  last  crop  after  the  first  fall  frost, 
the  fields  going  into  the  v/inter  practically  bare,  and  yet  apparently  they 
did  not  lose  by  doing  so.  On  still  other  fields,  however,  portions  cut  late 
in  this  manner  were  either  seriously  damaged  or  entirely  lost  by  winter 
killing.    We,  therefore,  do  not  recommend  this  practice. 

Late  summer  seeded  alfalfa  needs  no  attention  the  first  fall,  the  entire 
growth  being  left  as  a  winter  cover.  The  following  year  the  crop  should 
yield  three  or  four  good  cuttings. 

CULTIVATING    THE    ALFALFA    FIELD 

It  has  been  repeatedly  demonstrated  that  the  thorough  cultivation  of 
alfalfa  is  very  beneficial.  This  is  partly  because  many  weeds  which 
otherwise  compete  for  plant  food  and  for  moisture  are  destroyed,  and 
partly  because  this  cultivation  tends  to  conserve  moisture.  Some  say 
that  cultivation  is  beneficial  in  splitting  the  crowns,  thus  forming  two 
plants  from  one  and  giving  a  better  stand  with  a  heavier  and  finer 
growth  of  hay. 


\ 


VT 


Fig-.  2  6. — Spring  tooth  harrow — one  of  the  most  valuable  all  around 
implements  on  the  farm,  and  a  most  excellent  alfalfa  cultivator  and 
renovator. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      693 

A  number  of  the  most  successful  growers  report  that  they  disk  their 
alfalfa  every  spring.    Still  others  disk  after  the  second  and  third  cuttings. 

The  ordinary  disk  has  no  doubt  been  used  more  generally  for  this 
purpose  than  any  other  implement,  but  it  is  not  nearly  so  good  an  im- 
plement as  the  spring-tooth  harrow  or  the  alfalfa  renovator.  "While  in- 
dependent plants  sometimes  develop  from  portions  of  the  crown  of  the 
alfalfa  which  are  cut  off  by  the  disk,  this  hardly  happens  often  enough 
to  be  of  great  value  in  thickening  the  stand,  while  the  plants  may  be  in- 
jured by  presenting  a  favorable  opening  for  fungus  diseases.  Whatever 
benefit  is  derived  from  cultivation  with  the  disk  is  due  to  other  factors 
than  that  of  an  increased  number  of  plants. 

The  spring-tooth  harrow,  constructed  of  stiff  springs  ending  in  small 
shovels,  which  are  in  continual  vibration  as  they  pass  through  the  soil, 
is  very  efficient  in  removing  the  weeds  and  grass,  without  in  any  way  in- 
juring the  alfalfa  plants.  Weeds  and  grass  are  shallow  rooted  and  are 
easily  pulled  up.  Alfalfa  roots  penetrate  many  feet  into  the  soil  and  when 
the  narrow  shovel  of  the  spring-tooth  harrow  comes  in  contact  with 
them,  it  springs  far  enough  to  one  side  to  pass  the  plant  without  in- 
juring it. 

Sometimes  the  desired  results  are  not  secured  from  cultivation  be- 
cause the  work  is  not  thorough  enough.  Many  times  the  man  doing  the 
work  is  afraid  of  injuring  the  alfalfa.  We  have  cultivated  alfalfa  until 
it  seemed  that  no  living  plant  could  remain,  and  until  the  field  ap- 
peared to  be  a  perfectly  prepared  seed  bed,  yet  the  old  crowns  threw  up 
new  shoots  and  before  frost  the  alfalfa  stood  14  inches  high,  4  inches 
higher  than  other  alfalfa  on  the  same  field  which  had  not  been  culti- 
vated. This  increased  vigor  was  due  in  part  to  the  fact  that  where  the 
alfalfa  was  not  cultivated  the  grass  was  crowding  it  badly,  while  on  the 
cultivated  portion  no  weeds  were  to  be  seen.  Ordinarily  we  would  not 
recommend  so  severe  treatment  as  this,  but  we  do  wish  to  impress  the 
necessity  of  thorough  cultivation. 

A  correspondent  states  that  on  one  occasion  he  disked  an  alfalfa  field 
thoroughly  and  seeded  it  to  oats,  thinking  that  the  alfalfa  was  practically 
gone.  Later  the  alfalfa  came  on  so  vigorously  as  to  crowd  out  the  oats, 
making  an  excellent  growth  of  alfalfa  which  was  cut  for  hay.  Since 
then  his  alfalfa  fields  have  been  thoroughly  disked  to  very  good  advantage, 
practically  every  year. 

It  is  true  that  excellent  stands  of  alfalfa  have  been  maintained  for 
several  years  without  cultivation,  but  the  blue  grass  is  likely  to  be 
found  very  troublesome  after  two  or  three  years.  This  will  be  found  es- 
pecially true  if  the  alfalfa  is  pastured  at  any  time. 

TOP   DRESSING 

Much  benefit  has  accrued  from  top  dressing  the  alfalfa  field  with  a 
good  grade  of  manure,  4  to  6  tons  an  acre,  late  in  the  fall.  If  this  can 
be  scattered  with  a  manure  spreader  the  results  will  be  more  satisfactory. 
Plats  treated  in  this  way  have  given  a  much  greater  yield  of  hay  than 
other  parts  of  the  same  field  not  treated. 


694 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII 


695 


HANDLING  THE  CROP 


TIME    OF    CUTTING 


Alfalfa  should  be  cut  for  hay  early  in  the  blooming  period  (when  it 
is  from  one-tenth  to  one-fourth  in  bloom).  When  cut  at  this  time  the 
following  growth  comes  on  more  quickly  than  when  cutting  is  delayed. 
Moreover,  hay  of  better  quality  is  secured  as  fewer  of  the  leaves  are  lost 
in  curing. 

When  the  plant  approaches  maturity  new  shoots  are  thrown  out 
from  the  crown.  As  the  growth  in  these  shoots  is  very  much  more  rapid 
than  in  the  older  parts  of  the  plant,  the  annual  yield  of  hay  is  reduced 
by  any  delay  in  cutting.  Also  if  cutting  is  delayed  until  these  new  shoots 
have  made  such  a  growth  that  they  will  be  cut  off,  the  growth  of  the 
next  crop  will  be  seriously  checked. 

In  Iowa  the  first  cutting  will  be  ready  for  the  mower  early  in  June. 
The  average  date  of  this  cutting  at  the  Iowa  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station  has  been  June  15.  The  earliest  cutting  was  in  1911,  June  5,  and 
the  latest  in  1907,  June  25. 

The  date  of  the  first  cutting  may  sometimes  be  deferred  somewhat  by 
pasturing  early  in  the  spring.  A  number  of  correspondents  state  that  this 
practice  has  given  them  better  weather  for  curing  hay  and  has  not  in- 
jured  the   field   or   noticeably   decreased  the   yield. 

CUEING  THE  HAY 

One  common  objection  to  the  alfalfa  crop  is  the  difficulty  of  curing  the 
hay,  especially  the  first  cutting,  which  usually  comes  near  the  middle  of 


Courtesy   International   Harvester   Company. 
Fig-.    28. — The    side    delivery    rake    is    considered    the    most    important    im- 
plement   in    the    economical    making    of   alfalfa    hay    of    good    quality    on    a 
large  scale. 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


Fig-.  29. — The  hay  tedder  sometimes  hastens  the  curing-  of  the  hay  by 
lifting  it  from  the  ground  so  that  the  air  gets  through.  It  must  be  used 
before  the  leaves  have  begun  to  dry.  Some  follow  the  movirer  at  once 
with  the  tedder,  in  some  cases  going  over  the  field  three  times,  but  stopping 
as  soon  as  the  leaves  begin  to  break. 

June.  Because  few  alfalfa  growers  mention  such  a  difficulty,  we  are 
led  to  believe  that  this  objection  has  been  over-emphasized.  Even  though 
an  occasional  cutting  may  be  badly  bleached  and  washed  with  rain  in 
curing,  it  is  still  of  greater  feeding  value  and  more  palatable  than  any 
other  feed  on  most  Iowa  farms. 

To  learn  the  actual  experience  of  men  who  handle  large  acreages,  in- 
quiry was  made  of  a  number  who  had  not  expressed  themselves  upon  this 
phase  of  the  subject.  The  findings  of  this  inquiry  may  be  presented  as 
follows: 

Source  of  Information;     County  and  Correspondent 

Woodbury  County    F.   A.   S. 

Cherokee   County    A.   T.   Z. 

Plymouth    County    W.    B. 

Woodbury  County  W.  S.  A.  S. 

Plymouth  County  G.  W.  W. 

1.  Question:    How  long  have  you  grown  alfalfa? 

Answer:     "Fourteen  years."  "Seven  years."     "Ten  years."     "Fifteen 
years."     "Three  years." 

2.  Question:      How   long  do  you  leave  fields  in   alfalfa? 

Answer:     "As  long  as  it  does  well."     "Pour  years."     "Permanently." 
"Five  to  seven  years." 

3.  Question:      Your  present  acreage  in  alfalfa? 

Answer:      "Fifty    acres."      "Twenty-one    acres."      "Twelve    to    fifteen 
acres."     "One  hundred  and  ten  acres."     "Sixty  acres." 

4.  Question:     Your  greatest  acreage  at  one  time? 

Answer:      "Fifty    acres."      "Twenty-one    acres."      "Twelve    to    fifteen 
acres."     "One  hundred  and  forty  acres."     "Ninety  acres." 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      697 

5.  Question:  Do  you  find  it  very  difficult  to  cure  the  first  crop  of 
alfalfa? 

Answer:      "No."      "Not    particularly."      "Yes,    on    account   of   rain." 
"Hard  to  get  bright  color  but  never  a  loss."     "No." 

6.  Question:     Is  it  more  difficult  to  cure  alfalfa  than  to  cure  red  clover? 
Answer:     "No."     "Not  more  so  than  heavy  crop  of  red  clover."     "I 

do  not  know.  Never  grew  any  red  clover."  "Very  much  easier  to  cure 
than  red  clover;  generally  have  both  and  there  is  no  comparison."  "No, 
it  cures  quicker." 

From  these  answers  it  will  be  seen  that  these  men,  who  had  been 
growing  alfalfa  for  from  three  to  fifteen  years  and  whose  average  acreage 
had  been  62.9  acres  each,  do  not  consider  the  alfalfa  hay  crop  harder 
to  cure  than  other  crops  more  generally  grown  and  recommended.  The 
emphatic  statement  of  one  correspondent  with  140  acres,  that  after  hav- 
ing grown  both  alfalfa  and  red  clover  for  years  he  considers  it  very  much 
easier  to  cure  alfalfa  hay  than  to  satisfactorily  cure  red  clover,  may  ap- 
peal to  some  as  rather  sensational  and  is  certainly  contrary  to  the  more 
or  less  theoretical  views  which  are  sometimes  expressed. 

These  men's  years  of  experience  have  been  of  much  value  in  determin- 
ing practical  methods  by  which  they  can  secure  most  uniformly  good 
results  under  our  Iowa  conditions. 

The  methods  of  curing  alfalfa  hay  in  use  by  them,  as  told  in  their  own 
words,  in  answer  to  the  request: — State  carefully  your  method  of 
handling,  curing  the  first  crop,  time  of  cutting,  raking,  bunching,  cock- 
ing,  etc.,   follows: 

"What  is  cut  in  forenoon  is  raked  first  thing  afternoon.  In  case  of 
strong  sun  and  very  warm  day,  I  commence  raking  about  two  hours 
after  being  cut  and  commence  to  bunch  up  and  cock  immediately  after; 
leave  in  cocks  two  or  three  days,  then  put  in  stack  using  wide  tired 
wagons.  I  never  allow  alfalfa  to  dry  so  as  to  lose  any  of  the  leaves  or 
color  and  it  always  comes  out  of  stack  nice  and  green." 

"We  handle  alfalfa  very  much  the  same  as  clover.  Usually  cut  first 
crop  between  June  3  and  15,  according  to  season.  Follow  Joe  Wings' 
method  of  determining  when  alfalfa  is  ready  to  cut.  Cut  when  new 
shoots  are  started  regardless  of  condition  of  bloom.  We  cut  the  alfalfa 
and  allow  it  to  wilt  in  the  swath,  and  rake  in  light  windrows  before  the 
leaves  are  dry  enough  to  crumble  and  as  soon  as  sufficiently  dry  to 
stack  or  put  in  mow  it  is  bunched  with  hay-rake  and  pitched  on  wagons 
and  hauled  to  barn  or  stack. 

"Of  course,  the  weather  sometimes  interferes  with  our  plans  for  han- 
dling alfalfa,  but  this  is  the  method  we  follow  when  it  is  possible." 

"We  do  not  practice  cocking.  It  seems  to  take  a  long  time  to  cure  the 
alfalfa  in  cocks." 

"We  always  try  to  bunch  alfalfa  with  the  rake  when  it  is  tough  enough 
so  that  the  leaves  will  not  be  lost." 

"From  the  first  of  June,  I  just  cut  as  much  at  one  time  as  I  can  haul 
in  a  day;  then  when  it  is  dry  enough — say  if  it  is  drying  weather,  I  let 
it  dry  a  day  and  a  half — bunch  it  and  haul  it  in  right  away  and  put  in  a 
barn  for  I  have  no  luck  stacking  out-doors." 


e^B 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


o  ci  o 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      699 

"It  is  impossible  properly  to  cure  first  cutting  if  raked  with  an  ordi- 
nary rake,  but  where  the  side-deHvery  rakes  are  used  and  we  have  sun, 
the  hay  is  raked  after  cutting  and  often  stacked — in  the  windrows 
it  can  lay  day  or  two  without  hurting.  If  stacked  with  swinging  stacker 
stacks  will  never  spoil  as  the  dump  is  in  the  center  of  stack.  The  over- 
shot stacker  is  not  good  for  alfalfa  unless  the  stacks  are  covered.  We 
often  cover  with  green  weeds  and  let  them  mould  on  top  of  stack. 

"If  we  are  so  unfortunate  as  to  get  the  hay  wet,  which  is  generally 
the  case  with  the  first  cutting,  we  let  it  lie  until  fairly  dry  on  top,  then 
turn  over  with  side-delivery  rake  and  stack  in  an  hour  or  so,  aiming  not 
to  turn  more  than  we  can  stack,  as  continual  turning  with  side-de- 
livery rake  twists  it  up.  Never  shake  it  out  to  dry  as  too  many  leaves  are 
lost. 

"I  have  never  seen  any  difference  in  choice  of  the  cattle.  They 
seem  to  eat  the  brown  hay  which  has  been  wet  just  as  well  as  the  green 
nicely'  cured  hay  providing  the  leaves  are  kept  on.  I  have  hay  now 
cut  five  days  and  it  has  rained  ever  since  cutting,  which  will  make  good 
hay  as  it  is  in  the  windrow.  If  left  in  swath  a  few  hours  sun  would 
have  made  it  so  brittle  the  leaves  would  have  dropped  off." 

"We  start  cutting  the  first  crop  about  the  time  it  starts  to  bloom  and 
leave  it  lay  in  the  swath  about  half  a  day,  or  until  it  wilts,  and  then  rake 
and  cock  and  leave  until  dry  and  stack.  The  second  crop  is  ready  to 
cut  about  three  weeks  after  the  first.  The  third  about  the  first  of  Sep- 
tember.    If  the  season  is  late  we  get  a  fair  fourth  crop." 

Three  factors  in  curing  hay  are  of  prime  importance  and  largely  de- 
termine the  value  of  the  product.     They  are: 

1.  That  it  shall  be  cured  with  the  loss  of  as  few  leaves  as  possible. 

2.  That  it  shall  be  placed  in  the  barn  or  stack  without  being  washed 
with  rain  or  dew. 

3.  That  it  shall  retain  as  much  of  its  natural  color  as  possible. 

It  has  been  determined  that  the  food  value  of  the  leaves  is  excep- 
tionally high,  in  that  they  are  very  palatable,  very  high  in  protein 
content,  and  also  that  this  protein  is  very  highly  digestible. 

Hay  washed  with  rain  has  a  lower  feeding  value  than  hay  cured  with- 
out wetting,  as  the  rain  actually  carries  away  some  of  the  more  soluble 
food  elements. 

Good  color  is  of  prime  importance  in  making  hay.  The  bleaching  of 
hay  lessens  its  palatability,  as   its  pleasing  odor  is  largely  lost. 

Danger  of  loss  in  curing  alfalfa  hay  may  be  reduced  by  using  covers. 

SHRINKAGE    OF    HAY    IN    CURING. 

The  yields  of  alfalfa  hay  on  various  plots  have  been  reported  in 
tons  per  acre  of  field  cured  hay,  since  this  will  be  the  character  of  the 
hay  used  by  practical  growers  in  making  comparisons.  It  is  recognized, 
however,  that  there  is  considerable  shrinkage  between  the  time  the  hay 
goes  into  the  barn  and  when  it  may  be  fed.  A  very  wide  range  of 
variation  has  been  found  in  this  shrinkage,  depending  upon  the  degree 


700  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

to  which  the  hay  has  been  cured  in  the  field.  Different  plats  cut  and 
hauled  on  the  same  days  may  vary  as  much  as  20  per  cent  in  shrink- 
age, the  hay  handled  early  in  the  day  possibly  containing  twice  as 
much  moisture  as  that  hauled  in  the  afternoon.  As  an  average  the 
cured  hay  will  shrink  from  20  to   30  per  cent  of  field  cured  weight. 


It  is  claimed  that  the  first  cutting  of  alfalfa  might  well  be  put  in  the 
silo,  as  in  this  way  loss  due  to  unfavorable  weather  at  the  time  of 
curing  could  be  largely  eliminated.  As  yet  but  a  small  per  cent  of  our 
Iowa  farms  are  equipped  with  silos,  and  those  who  have  them  will 
find  corn  the  best  crop  v/ith  which  to  fill  them.  The  palatability  and 
nutritive  value  of  alfalfa  is  not  increased  in  any  such  degree  as  is  corn 
when  made  into  silage. 

While  a  very  nutritive  silage,  has  scmetimes  teen  made  from  alfalfa 
the  palatability  is  likely  not  to  be  good,  owing  to  too  much  acid  and  a 
disagreeable  order.  This  is  especially  true  when  the  alfalfa  is  cut  at 
the  stage  of  maturity  usually  recommended  for  hay  making.  When 
alfalfa  is  to  be  put  in  the  silo  it  should  be  more  fully  mature  before 
cutting,  and  should  then  be  hauled  just  as  soon  as  possible. 

ALFAIiFA    PASTURE. 

Alfalfa  from  its  habit  of  growth,  is,  generally  speaking,  not  a  good 
pasture  crop.  Grasses  make  their  growth  at  the  base  of  the  leaves, 
while  alfalfa  grows  from  terminal  buds  and  when  they  are  eaten  on 
the  plant  makes  very  little  or  no  growth  until  new  buds  can  be  formed. 
As  a  result,  a  small  patch  of  alfalfa  pastured  close  is  of  comparatively 
little  value.  A  combination  of  pasturing  and  mowing  is  most  satis- 
factory. A  large  field  which  is  to  be  cut  regularly  for  hay  can  very 
economically  be  pastured  with  hogs  throughout  the  season.  The  pasture 
should  at  all  times  be  under-stocked. 

Alfalfa  pastured  without  cutting  usually  becomes  very  much  spotted, 
weeds  and  grass  coming  in,  and  making  it  necessary  to  plow  up  in  a 
very  few  years. 

There  is  always  some  danger  in  pasturing  sheep  and  cattle  on  alfalfa, 
as  it  is  very  likely  to  cause  bloat.  This  danger  is  much  increased  when 
pasturing  young  alfalfa  or  alfalfa  on  moist  or  fertile  soil,  which  is 
making  rapid  growth.  Animals  should  not  be  turned  on  alfalfa  when 
hungry  and  at  least  with  sheep  and  cattle  the  alfalfa  should  be  well 
advanced  towards  blooming. 

Animals  must  never  be  allowed  on  the  alfalfa  when  frozen  or  muddy; 
else  the  alfalfa  will  be  greatly  injured. 

Thorough  trials  with  alfalfa  as  a  pasture  for  hogs  are  reported  in 
the  Iowa  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  Bulletin  No.  136,  "Forage 
Crops  for  Swine." 

ALFALFA  IN  ROTATION. 

Objection  is  often  made  that  alfalfa  does  not  fit  well  into  a  rotation; 
that  it  demands  too  long  a  use  of  the  land  in  getting  established,  and 
that  seedings  are  too  likely  to  be  lost. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      701 

On  land  well  adapted  to  its  growth  alfalfa  establishes  itself  as  soon 
as  red  clover,  and  the  first  year  after  seeding  yields  practically  twice 
as  much  hay,  of  far  better  feeding  value.  What  practical  growers  say 
about  it  being  easier  in  their  communities  to  get  a  stand  of  alfalfa 
than  red  clover,  will  probably  be  found  true  in  the  greater  part  of  the 
state. 

Without  question  there  are  many  reasons  why  red  clover  is  prefer- 
able in  short  rotations,  and  it  is  a  very  satisfactory  crop  where  a  stand 
is  easily  secured.  But  there  are  many  parts  of  the  state  where  clover 
is  little  grown  because  even  in  average  seasons  most  of  the  clover 
seedings  made  with  the  small  grain  in  the  spring  fail.  Many  reports 
from  every  section  of  the  state  indicate  that  of  all  clover  seedings  made 
during  the  past  six  or  seven  years  something  over  60  per  cent  have 
been  lost.  These  estimates  are  influenced  to  some  extent  by  the  un- 
favorable clover  years  of  1910  and  1911.  Compare  this  record  with  that 
of  the  alfalfa.  Of  more  than  1,000  seedings  of  alfalfa  on  various  soils 
in  different  portions  of  the  state  only  12  per  cent  were  lost.  The  con- 
clusion is  clear  that  the  use  of  alfalfa  in  regular  rotation  should  be 
encouraged. 

Where  alfalfa  is  substituted  for  red  clover  in  the  regular  four  year 
rotation  it  may  be  plowed  up  as  red  clover  would  be  at  the  end  of  one 
year,  or,  it  may  continue  a  second  year  with  greater  profit.  Com  and 
alfalfa  make  an  unusually  good  combination  for  feeding  live  stock  so 
in  Iowa  alfalfa  is  entitled  to  special  consideration  in  fixing  the  rotation. 

A  profitable  short  rotation  is  corn  one  or  two  years  followed  by  wheat, 
the  stubble  to  be  plowed  and  sown  to  alfalfa,  then  alfalfa  two  years. 
This  rotation  would  work  best  on  the  smaller  farms  where  a  silo  would 
take  care  of  the  com  crop  in  time  to  put  in  winter  wheat.  Otherwise 
oats  may  be  used,  though  with  less  profit  than  in  the  former  combina- 
tion. The  corn  crop  would  best  be  cut  in  order  to  sow  the  wheat; 
though  in  many  seasons  wheat  can  be  put  in  the  standing  corn  to 
good  advantage  and   at  little   expense. 

To  get  the  best  results  with  alfalfa,  however,  a  considerably  longer 
rotation  will  be  necessary,  something  like  these: 

Rotation  No.  1.  Corn,  Corn,  Winter  Wheat,  Alfalfa  2  to  4  years. 

Rotation  No,   2.   Corn,  Corn,  Oats,  Alfalfa  2  to  4  years. 

Rotation  No.  3.  Corn,  Corn,  Oats,  Red  Clover;  for  12  years,  then  Al- 
falfa for  4  years. 

Rotation  No.  4.  Corn,  Corn,  Oats;    for  12  years,  then  Alfalfa  4  years. 

One  hundred  acres  devoted  to  rotations  Nos.  1  and  2  with  alfalfa 
down  for  2  years  would  contain,  corn  40  acres,  small  grain  20  acres,  alfalfa 
40  acres. 

This  would  certainly  be  a  very  much  more  profitable  rotation  than  many 
now  in  operation. 

Rotation  number  3  would  be  especially  desirable  for  building  up  the 
fertility  of  the  soil  and  at  the  same  time  increasing  the  value  of  the 
crops  produced  in  the  rotation.     It  will  be  observed  that  during  the  16 


702 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


year  period  the  land  will  be  in  legumes  for  7  years,  in  corn  6  years  and  in 
oats,  the  least  profitable  crop,  for  but  3  years. 

Using  rotation  number  4  the  land  will  be  in  alfalfa  one-fourth  of  the 
time.  The  distribution  of  crops  on  the  various  fields  as  illustrated  in 
table  XXII. 

TABLE  XXII. 

Showing  the  distribution  of  crops  to  various  fields  in  a  16  year  rotation  of  corn,  corn, 
oats;  12  years,  then  alfalfa  4  years. 


Year. 

Field  A. 

Field  B. 

Field  C. 

Field  D. 

First       

alfalfa 

alfalfa 

alfalfa 

alfalfa 

corn 

corn 

oats 

corn 

corn 

oat«; 

corn 

corn 

oats 

corn 

corn 

oats 

oats 

corn 

corn 

oats 

alfalfa 

alfalfa 

alfalfa 

alfalfa 

corn 

corn 

oats 

corn 

corn 

oats 

corn 

corn 

corn 

oats 

corn 

corn 

oats 

corn 

corn 

oats 

alfalfa 

alfalfa 

alfalfa 

alfalfa 

corn 

corn 

oats 

corn 

corn 

Second 

corn 

Third 

oats 

Fourth           -    - 

corn 

Fifth    

corn 

Sixth   

oats 

Seventh 

corn 

Eighth 

com 

Ninth             -    --    

oats 

Tenth              _      

corn 

Eleventh    - 

corn 

Twelfth    

oats 

Thirteenth 

alfalfa 

Fourtenth                                

alfalfa 

Fifteenth - 

alfalfa 

Sixteenth    

alfalfa 

For  each  one  hundred  acres  devoted  to  this  rotation  there  would  be 
each  year  50  acres  of  corn,  25  acres  of  oats  and  25  acres  of  alfalfa.  Reports 
from  practical  farmers  as  recorded  elsewhere  in  this  bulletin  indicate 
that  even  a  much  larger  acreage  than  this  can  be  properly  taken  care  of 
on  an  average  farm. 

With  this  rotation  it  will  be  observed  that  any  particular  field,  as 
A  or  D,  for  example,  will  be  in  corn  and  small  grain  continuously  for 
12  years,  after  which  it  will  be  in  alfalfa  for  4  years.  A  short  rotation  of 
corn,  corn,  and  oats  will  be  repeated  4  times  in  the  12  years.  With  this 
rotation  a  legume  is  grown  one-fourth  of  the  time,  which  is  exactly  the 
same  condition  that  is  found  in  the  more  common  rotations  of  corn,  corn, 
oats  and  clover.  This  rotation  has  an  advantage  over  the  common  rotation 
of  corn,  corn,  oats,  clover,  in  which  a  seeding  of  clover  has  to  be  made 
every  year,  in  that  the  alfalfa  will  not  be  plowed  up  until  after  the  new 
stand  of  alfalfa  is  assured.  The  fact  that  clover  is  a  biennial  makes 
necessary  the  plowing  of  this  land  after  one  season's  cutting  and  as  ap- 
proximately 50  per  cent  of  the  clover  seedings  in  the  state  fail  on  the 
average,  the  rotation  is  continually  being  disarranged. 

The  rotations  mentioned  may  be  modified  in  any  way  to  suit  local  con- 
ditions. In  some  parts  of  the  state  the  introduction  of  winter  wheat  may  be 
very  desirable;  while  potatoes  may  also  enter  into  the  rotation  very  ac- 
ceptably. A  rotation  of  corn,  oats,  clover,  wheat  or  corn,  corn,  oats  and 
clover  might  be  used  to  advantage.  As  suggested  this  latter  rotation  for 
12  years  followed  by  four  years  of  alfalfa  would  certainly  be  very  desir- 
able from  the  soil  fertility  standpoint,  and  we  believe  would  prove  very 
profitable  and  practical  by  materially  increasing  the  yield  of  other  money 
crops. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII 


703 


While  it  is  true  that  an  alfalfa  field  may  be  kept  very  productive  for 
a  series  of  years  by  proper  treatment,  yet  it  is  very  doubtful  whether 
this  is  desirable  or  most  economical  unnder  our  Iowa  conditions. 

The  experience  of  every  grower  of  alfalfa  demontrates  that  soil  is  very 
much  more  productive  following  an  alfalfa  crop  than  before.  Some  of 
those  men  who  have  been  growing  alfalfa  longest,  even  upon  compara- 


Fig.  31. — Showing  the  size  of  the  main  tap  root,  and  the  crown  of  an 
old  alfalfa  plant,  produced  at  Ames,  Iowa.  Notice  how  the  crown  has 
branched  and   spread   until   the   width   of   the   one   plant   is   over   18   inches. 


704  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

tively  poor  soil,  have  produced  what  must  be  considered  enormous  corn 
crops  in  comparison  with  the  average  yield  for  the  state. 

Therefore  we  believe  that  alfalfa  should  be  plowed  up  at  least  at  the 
end  of  the  5th  or  6th  year,  since  with  the  proper  care  and  management 
the  greatest  yields  are  probably  secured  during  the  2nd,  3rd,  4th,  and  5th 
seasons. 

DURATION    OF    ALFALFA 

Since  alfalfa  is  a  perennial  it  will  grow  continuously  for  many  years 
from  one  seeding,  provided  the  soil  and  climatic  conditions  are  favorable. 
These  conditions  are  ordinarily  most  likely  to  be  found  in  the  West  and 
Southwest.  There  is  record  ot  fields  in  Mexico  which  have  been  in  al- 
falfa for  over  60  years  and  probably  over  100  years  and  are  now  annually 
producing  as  good  crops  as  ever.  Fields  in  Montana  have  continuously 
produced  alfalfa  for  over  40  years  from  one  seeding. 

But  these  fields  are  not  all  confined  to  the  West,  for  in  South  Carolina 
one  field  has  been  cut  continuously  for  60  years,  another  in  New  York  has 
been  in  alfalfa  for  45  years  and  one  in  Minnesota  for  35  years. 

The  virgin  soils  of  Towa  were  from  the  beginning  given  over  more 
uniformly  to  the  production  of  the  special  cereal  crops,  wheat  and  corn, 
and  as  a  result  the  legumes  such  as  alfalfa  did  not  receive  general  atten- 
tion here  as  early  as  in  some  other  states.  But  even  in  Iowa  fields  have 
been  in  alfalfa  for  over  20  years  and  one  seeding  at  Burlington  has 
persisted  for  something  like  35  years. 

As  a  general  rule,  however,  in  the  humid  sections  of  the  country  alfalfa 
makes  its  best  yields  during  the  second,  third,  fourth  and  fifth  years; 
and  since  there  is  great  advantage  to  be  gained  by  including  alfalfa  in 
rotation  with  other  crops,  since  these  crops  will  be  greatly  benefited 
through  the  increased  fertility  of  the  soil,  a  new  field  should  be  seeded 
down  at  least  every  sixth  year  and  the  old  field  plowed  up  and  put  to 
corn. 

VARIETIES    OF    ALFALFA. 

During  many  centuries  of  alfalfa  growing  in  various  parts  of  the 
world,  under  widely  different  conditions,  a  number  of  types  have  natural- 
ly developed  and  come  to  be  known  as  varieties.  The  uniformity  of  the 
plants  within  any  particular  type  depend  more  or  less  upon  the  length 
of  time  the  variety  was  grown  in  a  particular  locality,  with  its  particular 
climate  and  soil.  If  the  time  Vvas  long  enough  the  plants  became  the  best 
adapted  to  those  conditions  by  a  process  of  natural  selection.  The  longer 
the  time  during  which  this  natural  selection  took  place,  the  more  uniform 
is  the  resultant  progeny. 

We  find  very  great  differences  in  resistance  to  cold  between  the  dif- 
ferent varieties  or  types  as  well  as  in  their  ability  to  withstand  drought. 
Variations  are  likewise  found  in  the  general  habit  of  growth;  the  size, 
form  and  color  of  the  leaves;  the  color  of  the  flowers;  and  the  general 
vigor  of  the  plant. 

Some  of  the  more  important  regional  types  generally  recognized  in 
the  United  States  today  are  the  Turkestan,  the  Arabian,  the  Peruvian, 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      705 


^. 

Mk 

•r 

good    plant    of    Turkestan    alfalfa    in    the    breeding    nursery 


the  German,  the  Sand  Lucerne,  and  the  American  or  ordinary  type. 
Other  varieties  which  give  perhaps  greater  promise  of  usefulness,  espe- 
cially in  the  Northwest,  are  the  Grimm  and  the  Baltic. 

A  number  of  species  other  than  the  common  one  (Medicago  Sativa) 
have  been  introduced  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture, 
some  of  which  give  promise  of  usefulness  under  certain  conditions.  A 
few  of  the  more  important  of  these  are,  Medicago  Ruthenica,  Medicago 
Media,  Medicago  Platycarpa  and  Medicago  Falcata.  All  of  these  are 
being  grown  at  the  Iowa  Station,  though  the  trials  have  not  progressed 
far  enough  to  make  definite  recommendations  concerning  their  value  to 
our  conditions  in  this  state. 

A  brief  statement  of  the  characteristics  of  various  varieties  and  regional 
types  and  their  adaptions  may  be  of  value  and  is  therefore  included  here- 
with. 

Turkestan  Alfalfa. — These  alfalfas  derive  their  name  from  the  country 
from  which  they  are  introduced  into  the  United  States,  and  were  among 
those  varieties  brought  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  in 
1898.  Coming  from  a  semi-arid  region,  the  Turkestan  alfalfa  is  very 
drought  resistant  and  well  adapted  to  the  dry,  non-irrigated  portions 
of  the  West.  This  type  in  general  appearance  so  closely  resembles  the 
common  alfalfa  that  a  trained  botanist  often  finds  it  difficult  and  perhaps 
impossible  to  take  up  a  particular  plant  and  tell  whether  it  is  of  the 
Turkestan  or  the  ordinary  American  type.  The  chief  difference  between 
the  two  is  the  ability  of  the  former  to  withstand  the  dry  conditions 
found  in  such  states  as  New  Mexico  and  Colorado,  as  well  as  the  even 
more  unfavorable  conditions  due  to  cold,  found  in  such  regions  as 
Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  Wisconsin  and  Montana. 
45 


706 


IOWA  DEt'ARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 


Bui  in  the  more  humid  sections  of  the  United  States,  particularly  in  the 
central  states,  where  its  special  qualification  of  drought  resistance  is  not 
ordinarily  essential,  the  Turkestan  is  probably  inferior  to  the  common 
American  alfalfa  and  is  not  to  be  recommended  in  preference. 

Grimrn  Alfalfa.~The  Grimm  alfalfa  is  apparently  the  result  of  a 
natural  selection  in  Carver  County,  Minnesota.  Though  it  no  doubt  al- 
ready had  some  very  hardy  qualities  when  it  was  first  introduced  into 


Yis  33 — A  field  of  Grimm  alfalfa  on  the  farm  of  A.  B.  Lyman.  Ex- 
celsior, Minn.  Showing  the  first  crop  summer  of  1911..  The  crop  was 
fully  two  tons  per  acre  on  this  first  cutting,  while  the  yield  of  hay  other 
than  alfalfa  was  nearly  a  failure,  because  of  the  dry  season  ^ora  num- 
ber of  years,  this  field  has  annually  produced  three  good  alfalfa  hay 
crops  except  when  left  for  seed.  In  1911  the  value  of  hay  and  seed  was 
over  $100  per  acre  over  and  above  all  cost  of  labor. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII      707 

that  state,  it  derives  its  nanie  from  the  man  who  brought  it,  in  1857, 
from  Wertheim,  Province  of  Baden,  Germany,  It  was  seeded  upon  Mr. 
Grimm's  farm  where  it  was  grown  continously  for  many  years  without 
much  notice. 

Gradually,  however,  farmers  in  the  community  came  to  realize  that 
while  other  fields  of  alfalfa  in  the  county  were  killed  by  the  severe  cold, 
the  "Grimm  alfalfa"  survived.  Many  tests  conducted  since  have  shown 
it  to  be  more  immune  to  severe  winters  than  almost  any  other  type.  The 
fact  that  it  can  be  grown  far  north  in  exposed  locations,  where  the  ordi- 
nary type  winter  kills,  is  of  great  importance. 

Under  very  favorable  conditions  and  on  very  rich  soil  Grimm  alfalfa 
may  lodge  more  or  less,  though  in  the  semi-arid  regions  in  parts  of  the 
Dakotas  and  Montana  this  tendency  has  not  been  observed.  It  does  not 
make  quite  so  rapid  or  rank  and  vigorous  a  growth  as  the  common  Ameri- 
can alfalfa  and  in  an  average  season  it  may  not  give  quite  so  heavy  a 
yield  of  hay. 

Arabian  Alfalfa. — This  type  is  more  vigorous  and  productive  than  the 
ordinary  alfalfa,  but  is  unable  to  withstand  the  cold,  and  for  this  reason 
its  successful  growth  is  confined  to  such  states  as  California,  Texas, 
Arizona,  New  Mexico,  etc.  Here  it  is  of  special  value,  producing  a  more 
vigorous  and  productive  growth  than  the  ordinary  alfalfa,  with  a  more 
upright  plant  bearing  larger  stems  with  somewhat  hairy  leaves. 

Peruvian  Alfalfa.— This  is  another  alfalfa  introduced  by  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture.  It  makes  a  very  erect  growth  with 
stems  larger  and  taller  than  the  common  American  or  the  Arabian  alfalfa, 
and  is  more  productive  than  either  of  them.  It  produces  fewer  stems 
from  each  culm  as  a  usual  thing,  but  this  is  not  objectionable  where  a 
good  stand  is  maintained.  Its  value  is  limited  in  the  United  States 
since  it  lacks  hardiness  because  of  its  development  in  the  more  temperate 
climates,  and  its  growth  is  therefore  necessarily  confined  to  the  warmer 
sections. 

German  Alfalfa.— The  German  alfalfa  is  somewhat  similar  in  general 
habit  of  growth  to  the  Turkestan,  though  the  leaves  are  possibly  a  little 
broader  and  smoother  and  the  stems  a  little  more  succulent.  In  com- 
parisons of  yield  in  the  West,  the  German  seems  to  be  slightly  superior 
to  the  Turkestan  under  favorable  conditions,  though  not  exceeding  the 
American.     It  would   seem   that   this   alfalfa   is   apparently   not   so   able 

Sand  Lucerne  AZ/aZfa.— Botanically  the  Sand  Lucerne  is  supposed  to  be 
a  cross  between  the  common  alfalfa  and  the  yellow  Lucerne;  it  is  prob- 
ably hardier  than  the  former.  It  has  a  wider  range  of  adaption  than 
ordinary  alfalfa  and  may  grow  in  the  humid  regions  under  conditions 
ordinarily  unfavorable  for   the  successful  production   of  alfalfa. 

Where  alfalfa  can  be  grown,  however,  the  Sand  Lucerne  has  no  par- 
ticular advantages,  but  rather  is  somewhat  inferior.  It  has  a  tendency 
to  lodge  badly,  especially  when  the  conditions  for  growth  are  most 
favorable.  The  seed  commonly  offered  on  the  market  as  Sand  Lucerne  is 
probably  common  alfalfa  seed  grown  on  sandy  soils  in  northern  and 
central  Europe. 


708  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

American  or  Common  Alfalfa. — In  order  to  distinguish  it  from  the 
eastern  types,  this  is  often  referred  to  as  Western  or  Chilian  alfalfa. 
Though  somewhat  less  hardy  than  the  Turkestan  it  is  a  more  productive 
and  vigorous  plant  than  the  German,  and  withstands  cold  better  than 
the  German  or  Eastern  type,  or  the  Peruvian  or  the  Arabian.  In 
northern  states   it  is  surpassed  in  hardiness  by  the  Grimm  and  Baltic. 

VARIETIES    OF    ALFALFA    FOR    IOWA. 

There  are  one  or  two  varieties  hardier  than  the  common  American, 
but  since  there  is  apparently  comparatively  little  winter  killing  re- 
ported in  Iowa,  we  recommend  for  general  planting,  the  common  Ameri- 
can type.  Moreover,  its  seed  is  much  less  expensive  than  seed  of  the 
Grimm  variety.  Where  alfalfa  has  been  grown  long  enough  on  a  farm 
so  that  there  is  a  certainty  of  getting  a  stand  and  a  particular  field 
is  to  remain  in  this  crop  for  a  good  many  years,  a  farmer  might  be 
justified  in  paying  a  higher  price  for  seed  of  the  hardier  strains. 

Since  it  is  quite  impossible  to  distinguish  Grimm  alfalfa  seed  from 
seed  of  the  common  American  type  a  great  deal  of  common  seed  is 
sold  at  a  high  price  under  the  name  of  Grimm — perhaps  ten  times  as 
much  as  is  ever  produced.  This  fact  should  be  considered  before  pay- 
ing out  money  for  "hardy"  varieties.  Great  care  should  be  exercised 
in  order  to  be  sure  that  one  is  getting  what  he  pays  for.  If,  however, 
the  hardy  varieties  become  grown  commonly  enough  in  seed  producing 
regions  as  to  lower  the  prices  of  seed  they  may  be  recommended  for 
our  conditions. 

SEED  PRODUCTION. 

Economical  seed  production  is  considered  possible  only  in  those  sec- 
tions of  the  country  or  in  those  seasons  which  have  but  a  slight  rain- 
fall. Therefore  alfalfa  seldom  produces  a  seed  crop  in  Iowa.  In  1910 
and  1911,  however,  seed  was  produced  in  this  state,  some  reporting  as 
much  as  5  bushels  per  acre.  With  anything  like  a  normal  rainfall  the 
plants  make  a  heavy  growth  of  foliage,  and  while  many  flowers  may 
be  formed,  few  develop  seed  pods.  The  excessive  moisture  in  the  soil 
brings  on  a  new  growth  from  buds  or  shoots  which  arise  on  the  old 
shoots  at  the  crown,  and  this  second  growth  soon  takes  the  supply  of 
food  and  moisture  which  might  otherwise  produce  a  seed  crop.  With 
a  small  rainfall  this  new  growth  does  not  come  on  so  quickly,  and  the 
flowers  receive  enough  food  to  develop  the  seed. 

When  it  seems  desirable  to  attempt  a  crop  of  seed  in  the  more  humid 
regions  the  second  or  third  crop  is  usually  reserved  for  this  purpose. 
Most  favorable  weather  conditions  for  seed  production  and  for  harvest- 
ing are  likely  to  occur  late  in  the  summer;  also,  the  second  and  third 
crops  mature  more  uniformly  than  the  first. 

When  harvesting  alfalfa  for  seed  a  mower  with  a  bunching  attachment 
is  used.  This  attachment  gathers  the  alfalfa  as  it  is  cut,  deposits  it 
in  small  piles  from  whence  it  may  be  threshed  direct,  if  a  huller  is 
available,  as  soon  as  thoroughly  dried.    If  it  is  impossible  to  get  a  huller 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XII  709 

or  threshing  machine  when  the  crop  is  thoroughly  dry,  it  is  best  to  stack, 
as  it  is  sure  to  be  injured  by  rain  if  left  in  the  field  any  length  of  time. 
In  hauling,  cover  the  wagon  rack  with  heavy  sheeting  or  canvas,  so  that 
the  seed  which  is  threshed  out  may  be  saved.  The  alfalfa  should  be  cut 
for  seed  when  from  two-thirds  to  three-fourths  of  the  pods  have  turned 
brown. 

Alfalfa  may  be  threshed  in  either  a  clover  huller  or  in  an  ordinary 
threshing  machine  by  proper  adjustment  of  concaves  and  by  using  special 
alfalfa  seives. 

There  is  harvested  annually  in  the  United  States  about  16,000,000 
pounds  of  alfalfa  seed,  half  of  which  comes  from  Utah  and  western 
Kansas  and  Nebraska.  Arizona,  Oklahoma,  California,  and  Montana  also 
produce  considerable  quantities.  Some  3,000,000  pounds  of  seed  are 
annually   imported   from   Europe  and   South   America. 

PESTS  THAT  AFFLICT  ALFALFA. 

While  alfalfa  is  not  subject  to  more  pests  than  most  agricultural  plants, 
there  are  a  few  especially  troublesome.  These  may  be  divided  into  three 
classes:     (1)  Weeds;    (2)   Plant  Diseases;    (3)   Insects  and  Animal  Pests. 

WEEDS. 

Weeds  give  more  trouble  in  growing  alfalfa  than  any  other  one  thing. 
As  already  emphasized,  thorough  preparation  of  the  seed  bed  is  of  the 
utmost  importance,  because  the  young  alfalfa  plant  does  not  fight  weeds 
well.  In  the  early  alfalfa  growths,  quick  growing  annuals,  such  as  the 
yellow  and  green  foxtails  and  pigweed,  present  the  greatest  difficulty, 
but  these  are  weeds  which  a  thorough  cultivation  of  the  seed  bed  be- 
fore planting  will  eradicate. 

Blue  Grass. — Without  question  the  ordinary  Kentucky  blue  grass  is  the 
worst  weed  commonly  found  in  the  alfalfa  field.  This  is  especially  true 
if  the  field  is  pastured.  Even  when  cut  regularly  blue  grass  is  likely  to 
crowd  in  after  two  or  three  seasons,  and  by  the  third  or  fourth  year 
often  has  such  a  firm  hold  that  the  vigor  of  the  alfalfa  plants  is  greatly 
reduced. 

Blue  grass  can  be  easily  controlled  or  entirely  driven  out  by  culti- 
vating the  alfalfa,  as  discussed  in  other  portions  of  this  bulletin. 

Dodder. — In  alfalfa  seed  imported  from  European  and  South  Ameri- 
can countries  are  a  number  of  weeds  the  worst  of  which  is  the  dodder. 
Other  troublesome  weeds  often  so  introduced  are  English  plantain  or 
buckthorn,  wild  carrot  and  dock. 

Dodder  is  undoubtedly  the  worst  weed  to  be  found  in  alfalfa  fields, 
but  fortunately  it  is  not  as  yet  very  common.  As  soon  as  the  seed  ger- 
minates the  shoot  of  this  parasitic  plant  begins  its  search  for  a  host, 
for  it  can  live  but  a  very  few  days  from  its  own  strength.  Coming  in 
contact  with  the  alfalfa  plant,  it  entwines  itself  about  it,  sending  many  of 
its  suckers  deep  into  the  walls  of  that  plant,  and  taking  the  food  ma- 
terials from  the  alfalfa  for  its  own  use  and  growth.    The  dodder  grows 


710  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

very  rapidly,  its  dense  masses  of  yellow  stems  choking  the  alfalfa  com- 
pletely. As  the  original  host  plant  dies  the  dodder  spreads  to  adjoining 
plants  and  so  on  until  a  single  season  may  show  an  area  more  than  a 
rod  square  killed  as  a  result  of  a  single  dodder  seed.  About  the  only 
method  of  controlling  the  dodder  is  to  cut  the  plants  upon  which  it 
lives  and  then  burn  them  on  the  ground.  Where  dodder  is  scattered 
throughout  a  field,  the  field  had  probably  best  be  plowed  up  at  once  in 
order  to  prevent  its  spreading  to  adjoining  plants  and  fields. 

Russian  Thistle. — While  this  weed  is  often  found  with  alfalfa,  it  is 
not  looked  upon  with  much  concern  in  this  state,  though  it  has  proven 
very  troublesome  in  many  portions  of  the  Northwest.  Our  common  prac- 
tice of  cutting  alfalfa  three  or  four  times  during  the  season  almost 
always  kills  this  annual  before  it  produces  seed. 

PLANT    DISEASES. 

Leaf  Spot. — Leaf  spot  is  probably  the  most  common  fungus  disease  to 
which  alfalfa  is  subject  in  Iowa.  It  is  found  practically  wherever  alfalfa 
is  grown  and  can  easily  be  distinguished  by  the  numerous  brown  spots 
which  first  appear  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaves  and  soon  there- 
after may  be  seen  on  the  under  surface  as  well.  Leaves  so  affected  soon 
turn  yellow  and  fall  off  thus  greatly  reducing  the  yield  and  quality  of 
the  hay  under  seasonal  conditions  favorable  to  the  development  of  the 
fungus.  This  disease  has  reduced  the  yield  of  alfalfa  fields  in  Iowa 
probably  as  much  as  one  half.  The  lower  leaves  are  the  first  ones  to 
be  attacked.  The  diseased  spots  soon  produce  spores  which  are  blown 
by  the  wind  and  carried  to  other  plants.  The  only  practical  method  of 
eradication  is  to  mow  the  field,  removing  the  affected  hay  as  soon  as 
cured.  The  quick  vigorous  growth  of  the  new  shoots  will  often  out- 
grow the  disease,  though  if  seasonal  conditions  are  favorable  to  its 
development,  the  next  cutting  may  also  be  seriously  affected.  Leaf  spot 
is  often  wrongly  called  "rust"  or  "blight." 

Root  Rot. — This  disease  is  most  common  in  the  southern  states  though 
it  is  now  spreading  northward  and  has  caused  some  damage  in  Kansas. 
As  yet  it  has  not  reached  Iowa.  It  seems  to  attack  a  plant  here  and 
there,  throughout  the  field,  and  from  these  centers  of  infection  the  fungus 
spreads  to  other  plants. 

INSECTS    AND    ANIMAL   PESTS. 

Grasshoppers. — In  semi-arid  portions  of  the  country  the  grasshopper 
is  the  worst  enemy  of  the  alfalfa  crop.  Even  in  Iowa,  in  seasons  such 
as  those  of  1910  and  1911  alfalfa  is  liable  to  severe  injury  from  this 
insect  since  it  offers  the  best  source  of  food  supply.  Therefore  when 
grasshoppers  are  particularly  abundant  it  is  well  to  use  preventive 
measures  for  their  control.  The  grasshopper  is  best  attacked  while  in 
the  egg  stage.  The  eggs  are  laid  by  the  female  in  the  ground  during 
the  last  half  of  summer.  Before  the  eggs  hatch  in  the  spring,  a  spring- 
Looth  harrow  or  a  disk  should  be  run  over  the  alfalfa  field,  in  this  way 
breaking  up  and  exposing  a  large  number  of  eggs  to  the  weather  and 
other  natural   enemies. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIl      711 

When  the  adult  grasshoppers  are  present  in  large  numbers  the  "Hopper 
Dozer"  can  often  be  used  to  advantage.  This  consists  merely  of  a  pan 
or  tank  filled  with  water  on  the  surface  of  which  is  a  thin  coat  of  kero- 
sene. Mounted  on  two  or  three  runners  high  enough  that  the  bottom 
of  the  pan  scrapes  the  alfalfa  the  pan  or  tank  can  be  driven  back  and 
forth  over  the  field,  and  as  the  alfalfa  is  disturbed,  the  grasshoppers 
jump  blindly  against  the  high  back  of  the  pan  and  drop  into  the  water 
where  they  are  killed  immediately. 

Blister  Beetle. — The  blister  beetle  has  occasionally  appeared  in  such 
numbers  as  seriously  to  damage  large  areas  of  alfalfa.  During  one  stage 
of  their  development  they  live  almost  altogether  on  grasshopper  eggs. 
Therefore  any  practice  which  will  reduce  the  number  of  grasshopper 
eggs  will  largely  control  the  blister  beetle.  They  are  especially  liable  to 
be  numerous  enough  to  cause  damage  in  seasons  following  those  years  in 
which  large  numbers  of  grasshoppers  have  been  in  evidence. 

It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  the  possible  damage  of  each  of  the  two 
most  troublesome  alfalfa  insects  is  very  largely  controlled  by  the  other. 

The  blister  beetles  were  especially  abundant  in  most  sections  of  the 
state  in  1912  and  caused  considerable  damage  on  many  fields. 

Web  Worm. — In  some  of  the  older  alfalfa  growing  states  on  the  west- 
ern border  of  the  Mississippi  valley,  the  web  worm  has  occasionally 
caused  serious  damage.  Eggs  are  laid  on  the  alfalfa  plant  and  soon 
hatch  ifito  small  green  caterpillars  with  black  spots  scattered  over  the 
back.  These  worms  make  masses  of  webs,  at  the  same  time  living  on 
the  alfalfa  plant.  They  do  most  of  their  damage  during  the  months  of 
June,  July  and  August.  As  these  mature  they  enter  the  ground,  later 
coming  out  as  moths  which  lay  the  eggs  for  the  July  brood.  The  July 
brood,  in  turn,  produces  an  August  brood  which  lives  over  winter  in 
cocoon  form,  in  the  soil.  When  they  are  present  in  considerable  num- 
bers the  hay  had  better  be  cut,  thus  eliminating  the  later  brood  which 
might  develop,  by  removing  the  worms  before  they  go  into  the  soil.  A 
thorough  disking  of  the  field  in  the  spring  will  also  greatly  reduce 
their  number. 

Some  fields  have  been  seriously  damaged  by  this  insect  in  Iowa. 

Pocket  Gopher. — Perfect  stands  of  alfalfa  have  been  practically  ruined 
through  the  ravages  of  the  common  pocket  gopher.  This  little  animal, 
burrowing  through  the  soil,  throws  up  large  piles  of  dirt  which  not 
only  bury  many  of  the  plants  but  also  make  it  quite  impossible  to  sat- 
isfactorily cut  the  crop. 

While  these  pests  can  be  greatly  reduced  by  shooting  and  trapping  a 
better  method  of  accomplishing  this  is  by  the  use  of  poison. 

Small  pieces  of  poisoned  apple  or  potato  dropped  in  the  runways  will 
usually  be  found  effective  as  destructive  agents  since  the  pocket  gopher 
lives  almost  altogether  upon  succulent  green  vegetable  matter. 

ALFALFA  TROUBLES. 

After  carefully  studying  the  successes  and  methods  of  others  in  han- 
dling alfalfa,  and  after  taking  every  known  precaution  to  insure  the  sue- 


712  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

cess  of  the  seeding,  yet  a  certain  per  cent  of  the  attempts  to  grow  alfalfa 
-are  certain  to  fail.  Variations  in  weather  conditions,  over  which  we 
lave  no  control,  and  which  we  are  unable  to  predict,  will  in  many  cases 
be  the  cause. 

In  some  cases  it  may  be  impossible  to  determine  the  cause  of  a  fail- 
ure, though  in  most  cases  in  the  past  there  have  been  so  many  causes, 
any  one  of  which  may  have  been  responsible  for  loss,  that  one  is  sur- 
prised at  the  number  of  successes.  While  it  may  be  demonstrated  that 
a  certain  method  of  preparing  the  seed  bed  and  of  seeding  is  best  on 
one  soil,  and  under  one  set  of  conditions,  different  methods  may  be  re- 
quired on  other  soils.  These  are  facts  regarding  which  additional  in- 
formation is  necessary  and  which  will  come  through  the  practical  growers 
who  establish  the  crop  in  every  community. 

Causes  of  Loss. — Some  of  the  factors  which  may  be  responsible  for 
failure  to  secure  a  good  crop  and  which  should  be  guarded  against  are: 

1.  Lack  of  proper  drainage.  Do  not  seed  alfalfa  on  anything  tut  a 
icell  drained  soil. 

2.  A  sour  soil:  Always  test  the  soil  for  acid  and  if  necessary  use 
plenty  of  lime. 

3.  Lack  of  the  necessary  bacteria:  When  seeding  alfalfa  on  a  soil 
for  the  first  time  inoculate  the  soil. 

4.  Lack  of  sufficient  available  plant  food.  Unless  the  soil  is  very 
rich  turn  under  a  good  application  of  manure  in  plowing  for  alfalfa. 

5.  Soil  too  heavy  or  compact.  If  soil  tetter  adapted  cannot  te  had,  grow 
sweet  clover  for  a  year  in  the  rotation,  then  plow  deep. 

6.  Young  seeding  smothered  by  weeds.  Before  seeding  alfalfa  see  that 
the  surface  soil  is  freed  from  weed  seed. 

7.  Smothered  by  nurse  crop.  When  seeding  with  nurse  crop  reduce  its 
rate  of  seeding  from  IS  to  1-2,  and  use  winter  wheat  or  tarley  in  pref- 
erence even  to  early  oats. 

8.  Lack  of  sufficient  moisture  to  germinate  the  seed.  In  case  of  August 
seeding  thorough  work  will  te  necessary  throughout  the  summer  in  order 
to  conserve  moisture. 

9.  Seeding  too  deep.  In  a  thoroughly  prepared  seed  ted  the  drill  may 
run  far  too  deep.    The  seed  should  not  te  covered  much  over  an  inch. 

10.  A  packed  surface.  A  hard  rain  may  so  pack  the  surface  that  a 
light  harrowing  will  te  necessary. 

11.  Poor  seed.    Test  the  germination  of  the  seed  in  advance. 

12.  Insect  pests  and  fungus  diseases. 

Use  sound  judgment;  do  not  be  over  enthusiastic;  let  the  acreage  of 
the  first  seeding  be  small  until  you  know  the  crop  on  your  farm,  then 
grow  alfalfa  according  to  your  needs. 


PART  XIII 


IOWA  STATE  FAIR  AND  EXPOSITION 

1913 


Press  Reports  and  Live  Stock  Awards 


Results  in  Boys*  Judging  and  Girls*  Cooking  Contest 


PRESS  REPORTS. 

The  Iowa  Homestead,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

The  Iowa  State  Fair  is  not  an  event,  it  is  an  institution.  It  is  a  uni- 
versity broader  In  its  scope  and  more  widespread  in  its  appeal  than  the 
state's  institutions  of  higher  learning  at  Ames,  Iowa  City  and  Cedar  Falls, 
excellent  as  these  are.  It  is  a  clearing  house  of  agricultural  and  in- 
dustrial ideas.  It  is  an  exposition  of  the  many  and  divers  things  which 
have  united  to  make  Iowa  one  of  the  really  rich  and  great  states  of  the 
nation,  a  state  which  has  taken  the  lead  in  the  inception  of  political 
reforms,  in  agricultural  productiveness  and  in  the  high  quality  and 
standards  of  citizenship.  For  fifty-eight  years  the  Iowa  State  Fair  has 
been  growing  in  popularity  and  usefulness  until  it  stands,  in  1912,  at  the 
very  pinnacle  of  its  educational  appeal  and  all-round  value.  Designed 
originally  to  call  attention  to  the  agricultural  greatness  of  the  state, 
it  has  grown  in  scope  until  today  it  emphasizes  the  fact  that  while 
Iowa  is  a  great  farm  state,  it  is  year  by  year  taking  a  rank  equally  high 
for  its  manufactures  and  its  cultivation  of  the  fine  arts  of  industry. 
The  1912  Iowa  State  Fair,  held  at  Des  Moines  last  week,  emphasized 
anew  that  "in  all  that  is  good,  Iowa  affords  the  best."  Such  a  diversity  of 
displays,  viewed  by  so  many  people  of  such  a  high  quality  of  citizenship 
and  showing  such  an  advanced  state  of  prosperity  and  progressiveness, 
was  never  before  witnessed  in  Iowa  or  any  other  state  of  the  grain  belt. 
Attended  by  record-breaking  crowds,  with  almost  ideal  weather  condi- 
tions prevailing  and  with  a  greater  number  and  a  greater  variety  of 
displays  than  ever  before,  the  1912  Iowa  State  Fair  passed  into  history 
as  the  most  successful,  the  largest  attended  and  the  most  educational 
of  any  of  the  fairs  in  the  entire  series. 


714  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Thanks  to  a  year  of  almost  unparalleled  prosperity  the  exhibits  were 
numerous  and  varied,  in  keeping  with  the  high  rank  which  the  state 
has  won  in  agriculture  and  manufacture.  With  bumper  crops  of  grain 
and  with  an  augmented  appreciation  of  "farming  as  a  fine  art,"  the  Iowa 
farmer  had  every  reason  for  attending  the  fair  this  year.  He  looked 
back  over  twelve  months  of  undiminished  prosperity.  He  looked  for- 
ward to  a  winter  of  bounteous  plenty.  The  harvest  yields  of  the  past 
few  weeks,  supplemented  by  the  federal  and  state  estimates  of  the 
corn  yield  and  his  own  knowledge  of  local  conditions,  testified  to  the 
fertility  of  Iowa  soil  when  the  man  behind  the  plow  applies  those  ad- 
vanced ideas  of  agriculture  which  are  coming  to  be  generally  held  and 
practiced  by  the  progressive  farmers  of  Iowa.  In  the  midst  of  plenty 
and  prosperity,  there  was  borne  in  the  necessity  of  taking  more  heed 
of  congenial  comradeship,  of  the  amusements  which  add  zest  to  work 
and  of  the  education  to  be  derived  from  looking  at  the  fruits  of  other 
men's  success.  And  so  the  Iowa  farmers,  to  the  number  of  fifty  thou- 
sand or  more,  abandoned  the  every-day  work  of  the  fields  for  a  few  days 
and  came  to  Des  Moines,  having  learned  by  experience  that  money  and 
time  invested  in  a  visit  to  the  fair  are  well  spent,  with  good  and  sure 
returns  inevitable.  Nor  was  the  trip  a  disappointment.  Thanks  to  his 
own  prosperity  and  the  liberal-minded  management,  this  year's  Iowa 
State  Fair  surpassed,  in  all-round  interest,  any  which  the  state  had 
ever  held  before.  With  here  and  there  a  department  numerically  weaker 
in  exhibits  than  last  year,  the  whole  fair  was  "bigger  and  better"  than 
ever,  with  an  educational  value  and  an  amusement  interest  second  to 
none;  the  year's  opportunity  of  the  citizens  of  a  great  state  to  have  a 
good  time  and  learn  a  lot  into  the  bargain. 

It  is  a  conservative  statement,  well  within  reason,  to  declare  that 
never  before  at  any  state  fair  has  there  been  such  a  wonderful  display 
of  machinery  and  the  mechanical  aids  to  farming.  The  Iowa  farmer  is 
the  implement  manufacturer's  best  customer.  He  demands  the  latest 
and  most  improved  mechanical  appliances  to  aid  him  in  making  two 
ears  of  corn,  two  blades  of  grass,  grow  where  only  one  grew  before;  to 
increase  the  profits  of  his  acres  and  his  herds.  Year  by  year  the  Iowa 
farmer  has  come  to  depend  more  and  more  upon  the  inventive  genius 
of  his  fellow  man.  The  man  with  the  hoe  has  been  displaced  by  the 
man  with  a  multitude  of  mechanical  appliances,  saving  both  time  and 
labor.  As  this  popularity  of  farm  machinery  has  increased  the  me- 
chanical display  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair  has  kept  pace,  until  last  week  it 
stood  as  the  largest  and  best  display  of  farm  machinery  ever  gathered 
together  at  any  one  place  in  the  grain  belt,  if  not  the  entire  country. 
From  the  moment  the  visitor  alighted  from  street  car  or  train,  throughout 
the  long  circuit  of  the  grounds,  there  was  never  a  minute  when  the 
hum  and  whir  of  some  machine  making  farming  easier  and  more  pro- 
ductive was  not  to  be  heard.  The  chug  and  snort,  the  whir  and  whine, 
the  hum  and  blare  of  machinery  was  going  on  continuously,  and  scores 
of  acres  were  given  over  to  hundreds  upon  hundreds  of  appliances, 
marvelous  in  their  human  ingenuity  and  intelligence.  If  the  1912  Iowa 
State  Fair  is  to  go  down  in  history  as  eclipsing  its  predecessors  in  any 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XlII      715 

one  great  and  striking  particular,  it  must  be  for  the  quantity  and  marvel 
of  its  machinery  exhibits.  Not  only  was  the  new  and  capacious  ma- 
chinery hall  filled  to  overflowing,  but  scores  of  smaller  buildings  and 
tents  were  crowded  to  capacity  and  acres  of  uncovered  machines  con- 
tributed to  the  display,  a  liberal  education  in  the  advance  which  farm- 
ing methods  in  Iowa  have  made  within  recent  years. 


Due  to  the  dock  strikes  in  several  of  the  largest  shipping  centers  many 
of  the  principal  stock  importers  were  unable  to  display  as  many  head 
as  formerly,  with  the  result  that  some  of  the  stock  departments  were 
not  numerically  as  strong  as  last  year.  The  standard  of  quality  set 
many  years  ago  was  consistently  maintained,  however,  and  the  1912  state 
fair  goes  into  history  as  one  of  the  great  stock  shows  of  the  grain-belt 
fair  circuit.  One  of  the  marked  features  in  connection  with  the  stock 
exhibit  is  the  increasing  interest  of  city  folks.  The  new,  brick  horse 
barns,  displacing  the  old  and  unsanitary  wooden  barns  of  past  years, 
made  it  possible  for  the  horses  to  be  visited  with  more  comfort  and 
thousands  of  city  folks  who  have  held  the  erroneous,  and  all  too  prev- 
alent idea  that  the  motor  car  is  driving  out  the  horse  were  able  to 
see  that  in  the  breeding  and  raising  of  fine  horses  Iowa  still  takes  high 
rank.  The  entries  in  the  horse,  cattle,  swine  and  sheep  departments  were 
of  universally  high  order  and  good  quality  and  attracted  praise  from 
thousands  upon  thousands  of  visitors.  Not  the  least  notable  and  praise- 
worthy feature  was  the  fact  that  Iowa  breeders  are  coming  more  and 
more  to  be  the  first  prize  winners  at  the  Iowa  State  Pair,  winning  the 
honors  over  the  breeders  from  other  states,  a  matter  over  which  the 
state  may,  with  all  due  humility,  take  great  pride. 


One  of  the  most  noticeable  features  of  the  fair  was  the  presence  of  the 
large  number  of  farmer-owned  and  farmer-driven  automobiles.  It  is 
conservatively  estimated  that  fully  3,500  motor  cars  from  the  farm 
were  on  the  grounds  Monday  and  Tuesday.  Commencing  Saturday  morn- 
ing a  steady  stream  of  automobiles,  driven  by  farmers  and  filled  by  farm 
families,  was  to  be  seen  on  practically  every  one  of  the  main  roads  lead- 
ing into  Des  Moines.  Nothing  shows  more  conclusively  the  prosperity 
which  is  prevalent  throughout  the  rural  districts.  It  has  been  repeatedly 
stated  that  more  automobiles  are  being  sold  to  the  farmers  of  Iowa,  Illi- 
nois and  other  grain-belt  states  than  are  being  sold  to  the  city  dealers 
of  New  York  and  Massachusetts.  A  visit  to  Des  Moines  last  week  would 
convince  the  most  skeptical  of  the  truth  of  this  statement.  The  automo- 
bile has  come  to  be  looked  upon  by  the  farmer  not  as  a  luxury,  but  bs  a 
necessity,  cutting  down  time  and  distance  between  the  farm  and  the 
town  and  paying  for  itself  in  the  saving  of  horse  flesh.  It  is  also  no- 
ticeable that  farmers  are  buying  a  good  type  of  motor  cars  and  are 
proving  to  be  efficient  mechanics.  On  Monday,  Tuesday  and  Wednesday, 
every  one  of  the  main  thoroughfares  in  the  fair  grounds  was  lined  con- 
tinuously with  parked  automobiles,  a  great  majority  of  which  had  been 
driven  in  from  the  country  a  distance  of  from  seventy-five  to  200  miles. 


716  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

The  building  of  the  Iowa  State  College  of  Agriculture  was  the  mecca 
of  thousands  of  rural  visitors  to  the  fair  and  because  of  the  diversity  of 
exhibits  and  the  practicalness  of  the  instruction  given  was  well  worth 
the  interest  it  occasioned.  Daily  lectures  were  given  on  general  agri- 
cultural and  home  economics  topics  by  members  of  the  faculty,  attract- 
ing large  crowds.  The  exhibits  covered  a  wide  range,  from  a  soils  map 
of  the  state,  showing  the  various  "drifts"  and  the  prevailing  crops,  to 
models  of  silos  and  lighting  plants,  noxious  weeds,  engineering  appli- 
ances and  hog  cholera  preventive.  The  various  booths  were  in  charge 
of  members  of  the  faculty  and  students  who  were  unfailingly  courteous 
in  replying  to  questions.  The  manner  in  which  the  Iowa  farmer  is 
neglecting  his  best  opportunities  was  pointed  out  in  striking  placards. 
The  college  exhibit  is,  in  brief,  a  week's  short  course  in  agriculture  and 
economics.  Many  a  farm  housewife,  who  has  no  other  or  better  oppor- 
tunity, here  obtains  the  fundamentals  of  scientific  cooking,  thanks  to  the 
lectures  delivered  by  Miss  Campbell,  Miss  Knowles  and  others,  while  the 
interest  thus  quickened  is  continued  by  means  of  the  bulletins  gladly 
sent  to  those  who  are  interested.  Next  to  the  stock  barns  and  machinery 
hall,  it  is  doubtful  if  there  is  any  building  on  the  grounds  more  inter- 
esting or  more  worthy  of  a  visit  than  the  one  devoted  to  the  state 
college  at  Ames. 


Having  won  high  rank  in  the  breeding  of  live  stock  it  is  highly  com- 
mendable that  the  state  of  Iowa  should  at  last  have  begun  to  pay  atten- 
tion to  the  rearing  of  children.  Under  the  auspices  of  the  Iowa  Congress 
of  Mothers,  a  baby  show  was  held  at  the  fair  grounds  last  week,  at 
which  some  250  children  under  the  age  of  three  years  were  examined 
for  physical  and  mental  qualifications,  prizes  aggregating  $200  being 
awarded  the  most  perfect.  The  examination  was  conducted  by  a  corps 
of  skilled  medical  experts,  each  child  being  subjected  to  a  close  examina- 
tion which  disclosed  any  physical  defect.  At  the  same  time  each  child 
was  subjected  to  a  careful  scrutiny  by  a  mental  expert,  to  detect  the 
readiness  with  which  the  mind  of  the  little  one  worked,  mental  quickness 
counting  with  physical  perfection  in  the  final  score.  The  prize  last  year 
was  won  by  a  two-and-a-half-year-old  boy,  a  resident  of  Des  Moines, 
making  the  contest  this  year  more  strenuous  in  the  effort  to  find  an 
Iowa-reared  child  who  would  surpass  the  physical  and  mental  qualifi- 
cations of  last  year's  prize  winner.  All  too  little  attention  has  been  paid' 
heretofore  to  this  most  important  matter  of  the  citizenry  of  the  state,  so 
that  the  present  movement  is  in  every  way  commendable.  Backed  as  it  is 
by  the  leading  club  women  and  medical  practitioners  the  movement 
should  make  such  headway  as  to  interest  the  entire  state  and  in  the 
course  of  time  bring  about  a  higher  standard  of  rearing  children,  which 
shall  make  the  people  of  Iowa  take  still  higher  rank  both  in  a  physical 
and  mental  way.  The  work  at  Des  Moines  last  week  was  under  the  di- 
rect charge  of  Mrs.  Mary  T.  Watts,  of  Audubon,  former  president  of  the 
Iowa  Congress  of  Mothers.  The  scorers  included  Dr.  Lenna  Meanes,  of 
Des  Moines;  Dr.  Margaret  Vaupel  Clark,  of  Waterloo;  Dr.  Velura  Powell, 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  717 

of  Red  Oak,  and  Dr.  Florence  Sherbon,  of  Colfax.  The  assisting  super- 
intendents were  Mrs.  E.  E.  Sherman,  of  Keosauqua;  Mrs.  O.  A.  Ruste,  of 
Charles  City,  and  Mrs.  Charles  Brenton,  of  Dallas  Center. 


Interest  in  the  vitalized  country  church  was  quickened  by  the  display 
made  by  the  church  and  country  life  department  of  the  Presbyterian 
Board  of  Home  Missions,  under  the  direct  charge  of  Rev.  C.  H.  Purmort. 
The  exhibit  occupied  a  conspicuous  place  on  the  piazza  of  the  state  col- 
lege building  and  was  visited  by  many  people.  It  supplemented  the  ex- 
cellent addresses  delivered  recently  at  the  rural  life  conference  held  at 
Ames  and  showed  the  great  need  of  introducing  new  methods  and  new 
life  into  the  country  churches  of  the  grain  belt,  in  which  interest  is  all 
too  rapidly  waning.  Conspicuous  in  the  exhibit  were  placards  similar  to 
the  following:  "The  country  church  has  done  everything  in  its  power 
to  pave  the  farmers'  road  to  glory  land,  but  it  has  paid  far  too  little  at- 
tention to  his  road  to  the  nearest  village."  Statistics  were  posted  on 
other  placards  calling  attention  to  representative  counties  in  various 
grain-belt  states  in  which  church  life  is  rapidly  dying.  That  this  is 
largely  due  to  inefficient  ministers  is^  shown  by  the  record  of  Boone 
county,  Indiana,  which  has  eighty-two  rural  churches,  seventeen  with 
resident  pastors,  fifty  with  non-resident  pastors  (twenty-seven  of  these 
living  outside  of  the  county)  and  fifteen  with  no  ministers  whatever. 
It  is  the  theory  of  those  back  of  the  movement  to  awaken  interest  in 
the  rural  church  that  only  resident  pastors^  and  those  who  live  in  the 
country  and  are  personally  familiar  with  country  problems,  shall  be  em- 
ployed to  minister  to  the  country  churches.  The  exhibit  at  Des  Moines 
last  week  can  hardly  fail  to  be  of  value  in  carrying  on  this  work  to 
make  the  country  church  minister  more  and  more  to  the  daily  needs  of 
the  country  people. 


"Give  us  a  woman's  building"  is  the  cry  of  the  women  who  took  such 
an  active  part  in  last  week's  fair,  not  only  in  the  management  and  con- 
duct of  the  babies'  show,  but  all  over  the  grounds.  That  it  is  high  time 
the  fair  board  were  seriously  considering  the  cry  few  can  deny.  Much 
of  the  present  prosperity  and  greatness  of  Iowa  is  due  to  the  devoted 
and  untiring  women  who  from  the  pioneer  days  down  to  the  present 
moment  have  worked  with  an  eye  single  to  the  advancement  of  family, 
home  and  state.  Other  states  of  the  grain  belt  have  taken  better  care 
of  their  women,  at  their  state  fairs,  than  has  Iowa.  Minnesota  de- 
votes an  entire  building  to  its  women,  their  work  and  their  comfort. 
Why  should  not  Iowa  be  equally  progressive  and  appreciative?  Iowa 
women  are  doing  things  in  various  lines  of  work  that  form  the  inspira- 
tion and  the  incentive  for  their  sisters  all  over  the  country.  Premiums 
in  every  department  of  the  fair  are  being  won  by  women  in  large  num- 
ber year  by  year.  There  are  women  farmers,  doctors,  lawyers,  artists, 
sculptors,  writers  and  preachers  in  Iowa  whose  work  is  every  bit  as  in- 
spiring and  educational  as  anything  that  is  being  done  by  man.     Why 


718  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

not  answer  the  cry  raised  in  Des  Moines  last  week  and  give  to  the 
women  of  the  state  a  building,  all  their  own,  in  which  to  display  the 
best  examples  of  the  work  of  the  sex  along  many  lines  of  endeavor,  and 
at  the  same  time  provide  for  their  comfort  while  attending  the  fair? 
The  suggestion  is  worthy  the  serious  consideration  of  the  fair  manage- 
ment. 


A  campaign  to  increase  the  potato  yield  of  Iowa  was  planned  during 
the  week  by  Eugene  H.  Grubb,  of  the  federal  department  of  agriculture, 
who  was  an  interested  visitor  at  the  fair.  Starting  early  next  year, 
Professor  Grubb  will  assist  Professor  Kennedy,  at  the  head  of  the  ex- 
tension department  of  the  state  agricultural  college,  in  a  movement  to  in- 
terest farmers  in  the  unrealized  possibilities  and  profits  of  potato  grow- 
ing. According  to  Professor  Grubb,  who  discussed  the  matter  animatedly 
during  the  fair,  there  is  no  reason  why  Iowa  should  not  double  its  potato 
crop,  year  by  year.  "The  great  mistake  the  Iowa  farmer  makes,"  he 
declared,  "is  in  his  seed.  The  whole  potato  should  be  planted  instead  of 
cutting  one  into  four  to  six  pieces.  It  has  been  the  common  impression 
that  potatoes  should  be  cut  up  for  seed,  but  the  best  results  are  ob- 
tained by  planting  the  entire  potato.  Nature  intended  the  pulp  as  sus- 
tenance for  the  plant  and  the  shell  protects  it  from  rot  and  disease  until 
its  contents  have  gone  to  feed  the  plant."  Professor  GrubD,  repeatedly 
called  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  successful  growers  of  Europe  use 
from  three  to  four  times  the  amount  of  potato  seed  that  the  Iowa  farmer 
does,  with  yields  proportionately  larger  than  those  secured  here.  The 
potato  campaign  promises  to  arouse  much  interest  throughout  the  entire 
state.  The  quality  of  potatoes  exhibited  at  the  fair  this  year  was  ex- 
cellent, testifying  to  a  large  crop  of  sound  tubers.  But  the  yield 
can  and  should  be  materially  increased  and  it  is  to  this  end  that  the 
campaign  of  next  winter  and  spring  will  work.  Affecting  an  article 
of  such  universal  diet  the  campaign  promises  to  have  widespread  bene- 
ficial results. 


Twenty-five  thousand  visitors  were  taken  care  of  at  the  information 
headquarters  of  the  Commercial  Club,  which  secured  rooms  for  the  en- 
tire number.  One  of  the  noticeable  features  of  the  work  this  year  was 
the  fact  that  thousands  of  former  fair  visitors  returned  to  the  rooms 
which  had  been  secured  for  them  in  previous  years  by  the  Commercial 
Club.  For  some  weeks  prior  to  the  opening  of  the  fair,  work  was  in 
progress  listing  the  available  rooms  in  the  city,  a  maximum  scale  being 
provided  so  as  to  do  away  with  the  possibility  of  overcharge.  The  Com- 
mercial Club  of  Des  Moines  is  to  be  commended  for  the  manner  in  which 
it  has  carried  on  this  work,  not  only  insuring  a  maximum  of  comfort 
to  the  out-of-town  visitors,  but  also  providing  against  their  being 
mulcted  by  too  greedy  lodging-house  keepers.  Fewer  instances  of  over- 
changing  at  the  restaurants  and  hotels  were  reported  this  year  than  ever 
before.  One  of  the  large  down-town  restaurants  and  one  of  the  principal 
hotels  raised  their  rates  the   opening  day.      The  Commercial  Club   did 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  719 

everything  in  its  power  to  compel  a  reduction  to  the  former  standard, 
but  failing  in  this  gave  the  proprietors  of  these  two  places  such  unde- 
sirable publicity  that  it  is  doubtful  if  the  raising  of  rates  brought  the 
increased  profits  that  had  been  expected. 


The  fair  management  is  deserving  of  praise  for  the  better  quality  of 
amusements  provided  the  visitors.  Three  splendid  bands  were  in  at- 
tendance each  day,  furnishing  a  quality  of  music  which  shows  that  Iowa 
people  crave  the  very  best.  On  the  Midway,  the  shows  were  cleaner 
than  some  which  have  been  exhibited  in  past  years  and  while  the  value, 
or  necessity,  of  a  Midway  is  debatable,  still  the  management  is  to  be 
praised  for  seeing  that  so  few  worthless  and  vicious  shows  were  permitted 
this  year.  The  necessity  of  giving  a  show,  the  main  and  only  attraction 
of  which  are  dancing  "girls"  of  uncertain  age  and  morals,  a  conspicuous 
place  on  the  grounds  may  be  questioned  by  many,  but  the  custom  is  gen- 
eral and  the  Iowa  Midway  is  much  cleaner  than  that  of  many  other  state 
fairs  of  the  grain  belt.  That  the  time  will  come,  however,  when  all  danc- 
ing shows  and  every  manner  of  fake  exhibition,  in  which  the  freakish 
element  predominates,  will  be  dispensed  with  entirely  is  a  consummation 
devoutly  to  be  wished.  By  far  the  most  meritorious  amusement  attrac- 
tion of  the  fair  was  the  wild  west  exhibition  given  by  the  cowboys  and 
Indians  of  Wyoming,  brought  to  Des  Moines  from  Cheyenne,  where  the 
Frontier  Day  celebration  is  an  annual  event.  Riding  bucking  bronchos 
and  indulging  in  the  sports  and  work  of  cowboys  make  a  spectacle  which 
is  highly  entertaining,  without  any  of  the  pernicious  features  of  some  of 
the  amusement  attractions  of  past  years,  in  other  states.  Visitors  to  the 
fair  must  be  amused.  It  is  a  gratifying  sign  of  the  times  that  the  amuse- 
ments provided  for  them  are  cleaner  and  more  worth-while  than  they 
were  in  the  past. 


Dorothy  Klusmeyer,  a  two-and-a-half-year-old  Des  Moines  girl,  won  the 
prize  at  the  baby  health  contest  as  the  most  perfect  baby  in  the  state. 
Little  Miss  Klusmeyer  weighs  thirty-two  and  one-half  pounds,  is  thirty- 
six  and  one-half  inches  in  height,  has  a  chest  measurement  of  twenty-one 
inches  and  head  circumference  of  twenty  inches.  The  perfect  score  gives 
a  child  the  weight  of  thirty-one  pounds,  a  height  of  thirty-five  inches,  a 
chest  of  twenty  inches  and  head  circumference  of  nineteen  and  one- 
quarter  inches.  What  the  little  prize  winner  lacked  in  correst  physical 
proportions  she  more  than  outbalanced  in  the  psychological  contest.  The 
second  prize  was  won  by  Robert  Scott,  a  two-and-a-half-year-old  boy,  of 
Mitchellville. 

The  baby  health  contest  attracted  as  much  interest  as  any  display  on 
the  grounds  and  bids  fair  to  become  one  of  the  most  valuable  features  of 
the  fair. 


Pioneer  day  attracted  more  than  the  usual  number  of  early  settlers. 
Appropriate  exercises  were  held  in  honor  of  the  hardy  men  and  women 


720  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

who  came  to  Iowa  in  the  early  days  of  the  state  and  laid  the  foun^^- 
tion  for  the  present  stable  prosperity.  Several  notable  speakers  were 
in  attendance  and  eulogized  the  pioneers.  One  of  the  best  addresses  was 
delivered  by  Judge  Martin  J.  Wade,  former  congressman  from  the  second 
district.  Among  other  things  Judge  Wade  said:  "I  hope  some  day  there 
may  come  some  man  touched  by  the  fire  of  genius  who  can  bring  out  the 
history  of  the  pioneer;  who  will  thrill  his  readers  not  with  the  great 
things,  but  fascinate  them  with  the  little  things  that  were  done  in  the 
days  when  they  were  oftentimes  without  fire,  when  clothing  was  patched 
and  faded,  when  food  was  scarce  and  comforts  and  conveniences  were 
denied  to  those  who  toiled.  The  early  settlers  remember  the  prairie  fires 
that  used  to  sweep  the  country  years  ago.  They  remember  the  hardships 
and  the  grinding  toil.  They  are  the  people  who  were  here  in  the  be- 
ginning who  laid  the  foundations  of  which  this  exposition  is  one  of  the 
magnificent  results.  It  is  a  marvel  of  human  accomplishment  and  de- 
termination. And  if  there  are  any  names  that  should  be  traced  in  gold 
upon  the  records  of  the  past  it  is  the  names  of  these  men  and  women, 
not  to  immortalize  their  own  glory  for  that  is  immortalized  already,  but 
for  the  benefit  of  posterity." 


Aeroplane  flights  were  made  every  day  of  the  fair,  several  accidents  (for- 
tunately none  of  them  fatal)  marking  the  flights  the  latter  part  of  the 
week.  Three  aeroplanes,  two  biplanes  and  one  imported  monoplane,  made 
daily  exhibitions.  On  Wednesday  one  of  the  biplanes  was  wrecked  be- 
cause of  the  engine  "going  dead"  at  an  altitude  of  2,000  feet,  while  on 
Thursday  the  remaining  biplane  and  the  monoplane  were  damaged. 
Fortunately,  however,  none  of  the  aviators  were  hurt,  and  the  machines 
were  repaired  in  time  to  give  flights  on  the  closing  day.  Although  it  is 
only  two  or  three  years  that  aeroplanes  have  been  in  evidence  at  the 
state  fairs  they  did  not  prove  to  be  the  drawing  cards  this  year  that  had 
been  expected,  the  aviators  themselves  complaining  of  the  lack  of  in- 
terest which  was  manifested  in  their  flights.  The  starting  ground  was 
in  poor  shape  at  Des  Moines,  which  made  it  impossible  to  make  the 
easy  ascents  desired. 


Unofficial  figures  give  the  total  attendance  for  the  week  as  272,070, 
which  is  1,388  in  excess  of  the  total  attendance  for  1911.  While  the 
attendance  during  the  past  week  was  not  so  much  on  the  two  big  days, 
falling  short  of  the  1911  record  by  5,000  on  Tuesday,  still  day  by  day 
the  attendance  this  year  compared  most  favorably  with  that  of  last  year 
and  the  aggregate  is  larger.  The  fact  that  the  railroads  had  refused  to 
grant  any  excursion  rates  no  doubt  kept  many  prospective  visitors  at 
home.  Although  the  weather  was  good  throughout  the  entire  week, 
threatening  rain  served  to  cut  down  the  local  attendance.  As  a  result 
of  these  two  factors  attendance  was  not  as  large  as  had  been  confidently 
expected.  The  profits  of  the  fair  this  year  are  approximately  $32,000. 
Inasmuch  as  the  new  cross-section  horse  barn  cost  $26,000,  this  year's 
profits  will  not  only  pay  for  this  fine  new  building,  but  will  leave  a  tidy 
balance  for  further  improvements. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  721 

BREEDING  CATTLE 
SHORT-HORNS 

Five  states  were  represented  in  the  Short-horn  classes  at  the  Iowa 
State  Fair,  although  seventeen  of  the  twenty-one  exhibits  were  from  the 
Hawkeye  state.  Numerically  some  of  the  classes  failed  to  reach  the 
former  record,  but  there  were  animals  of  the  very  best  type  in  all  classes. 
In  the  aged  bull  class  Missouri  carried  off  the  blue  on  Diamond  Goods,  a 


JUNIOR  CHrtiuPiuN  iUVvA  SHUKTH-JKN  BULL 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 

magnificent  type  of  modern  Short-horn  shown  by  Bellows  Bros.,  of  Mary- 
ville.  The  character,  substance  and  fleshing  qualities  of  Diamond  Goods 
led  him  through  to  grand  championship  honors  in  the  bull  classes.  Mr. 
George  J.  Sayer,  of  McHenry,  111.,  had  a  clear  lead  in  the  cow  classes,  wim 
ning  first  in  the  aged  cow  class,  first  in  the  two-year-old  heifer  class,  first 
on  yearling  heifer  and  first  on  junior  heifer.  Fair  Start  2d,  Mr.  Sayer's 
aged  cow,  carried  off  grand  championship  honors  and  many  could  be  found 
at  the  ring  side  who  predicted  that  under  fair  treatment  she  would 
not  be   defeated  on  the  entire  show  circuit.     In   the   two-year-old   bull 

46 


722  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

classes  Judge  Ryden  had  no  easy  task  and  while  the  blue  fell  to  the 
Anoka  Farm  on  Sultan  Stamp,  yet  this  honor  was  strenuously  con- 
tested by  Count  Avon,  owned  by  Rookwood  Farm.  With  the  elimination 
of  outside  exhibits  the  Iowa  classes  alone  made  an  unusually  strong 
showing  and  the  fact  that  seventeen  exhibitors  were  present  is  the  best 
indication  that  this  feature  of  the  show  is  growing  in  popularity.  Mr. 
A.  J.  Ryden,  of  Abingdon,  111.,  did  the  judging  and  his  work  was  done 
most  creditably  indeed. 


IOWA    SHORT-HORN   BREEDERS 

The  members  of  the  Iowa  Short-horn  Breeders'  Association  met  at  the 
Iowa  State  Fair  Grounds  on  the  evening  of  August  28th  and  effected  an 
organization  of  that  association.  Thirty-two  breeders  were  present.  The 
principal  business  of  the  meeting  was  the  election  of  officers,  which  re- 
sulted as  follows:  President,  D.  Tietjen,  Bellevue,  Iowa;  Vice-President, 
Wm.  Herkelmann,  Elwood,  Iowa;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  E.  B.  Thomas, 
Audubon,  Iowa;  Directors — C.  A.  Saunders,  Manilla,  Iowa;  George  H. 
Burge,  Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa;  Ralph  Watt,  Miles,  Iowa;  Howard  Vaughn, 
Marion,  Iowa;  W.  A.  Wickersham,  Melbourne,  Iowa.  It  is  probable  that 
the  association  will  hold  a  winter  meeting  at  Ames  some  time  in  Jan- 
uary, when  matters  of  general  interest  to  Short-horn  breeders  will  be 
taken  up.  The  Iowa  Short-horn  Breeders'  Association  was  at  one  time 
a  powerful  organization  and  effective  in  the  advancement  of  the  interests 
of  the  breed.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  with  the  promising  future  now 
ahead  of  the  cattle  business,  it  will  regain  its  old-time  vigor  and  useful- 
ness. 


HEREFORDS 


The  White  Faces  held  down  the  heavy  end  of  the  cattle  department  of 
the  Iowa  State  Fair,  outranking  any  other  breed  in  numbers  and  mak- 
ing a  new  record  for  individual  excellence  of  entries  in  most  of  the 
clashes.  The  line  up  in  the  aged  bull  class  set  the  pace  and  while  the 
Cudahy  entry,  Fairfax  16th,  carried  off  the  blue  he  did  it  with  so  small 
a  margin  as  to  make  the  honor  all  the  greater.  In  selecting  Fairfax 
16th,  Judge  Van  Natta  indicated  that  he  was  going  to  emphasize  animals 
of  good  scale  combined  with  smoothness  and  heavy  fleshing  qualities. 
These  he  found  in  a  remarkable  degree  in  this  noted  son  of  the  great 
Perfection  Fairfax.  In  Prince  Perfection,  the  leader  in  the  two-year-old 
bull  class,  the  judge  found  another  bull  of  good  size  combined  with 
remarkable  substance.  The  top  of  the  senior  calf  classes.  Repeater  7th, 
shown  by  0.  Harris,  was  a  sensation  for  a  youngster  and  went  through  to 
the  junior  championship  without  serious  trouble.  In  the  cow  classes 
the  Cudahy  entries  captured  the  best  ribbons,  Scottish  Lassie  winning 
first  in  the  aged  cows  and  the  grand  championship  prize  on  females.  In 
many  of  the  classes  there  was  such  uniformity  and  so  much  remarkable 
Hereford  character  that  the  closest  kind  of  discrimination  was  required 
in  the  placing  of  the  ribbons.  The  Hereford  exhibit  indicated  that  the 
office  of  the  Hereford  association  is  working  in  harmony  with  breeders  in 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      723 

making  quality  the  watchword  rather  than  quantity  and  the  success  of 
this  combined  effort  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair  sets  a  pace  for  the  other 
breeds.     Judge,  Frank  Van  Natta,  Lafayette,  Ind. 


ABERDEEN    ANGUS 

Iowa  breeders  alone  made  the  show  in  the  doddie  classes  at  the  Iowa 
State  Fair  last  week  and  to  their  credit  it  must  be  said  that  while  no 
records  were  broken  in  the  matter  of  numbers,  there  was  no  discount  on 
the  excellence  of  the  showing  made.  An  examination  of  the  champion- 
ship honors  will  show  that  no  one  herd  had  the  inside  track.  In  the 
aged  cow  class  Mr.  Miller  captured  the  blue  on  Barbara  Woodson,  a  cow 
good  enough  to  go  through  and  wear  grand  championship  honors.  A  re- 
markable showing  was  made  in  the  doddie  herds  and  groups,  there  be- 
ing five  and  six  entries  in  every  class  and  all  up  to  the  highest  possible 
standard.  The  fight  throughout  between  Binnie,  McHenry  and  Miller 
was  a  warm  one,  making  for  the  judge,  C.  J.  Martin,  Churdan,  Iowa, 
some  tasks  of  rather  large  importance,  tasks,  however,  that  were  per- 
formed creditably. 


POLLED    DURHAM  S 

The  Polled  Durhams  made  a  very  good,  although  not  a  very  large 
showing  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair  last  week.  In  practically  every  class 
there  were  good  animals  to  put  at  the  head.  In  some  places  it  was  very 
close.  In  too  many  of  the  classes  the  animals  toward  the  bottom  showed 
a  little  rough,  due  partly  to  lack  of  condition  and  partly  to  prominence 
of  shoulders  and  hooks.  Taking  the  animals  as  a  whole,  however,  the 
showing  was  creditable  and  shows  much  promise  for  the  breed.  The 
cow.  Lady  Marshall,  was  the  outstanding  animal  and  Mr.  Silliman,  the 
judge,  called  her  a  remarkably  good  one.  She  carries  lots  of  width,  is 
deep  and  heavily  fleshed.  The  heifer,  Capacious  Sultan,  is  also  an  ex- 
cellent individual,  but  hardly  carries  the  type  of  the  older  cow.  The 
bulls.  Sultan's  Creed  and  Meadow  Sultan,  the  champions,  show  up  well 
and  are  rugged  bulls  with  good  flesh.  The  get  of  sire  class  brought  out 
the  get  of  Anoka  Sultan,  The  Baron  and  The  Cupbearer  of  Prize,  as  well 
as  did  the  other  classes,  Miller  having  the  edge  on  the  winnings  on  the 
get  of  Anoka  Sultan.    Judge,  E.  R.  Silliman,  Colo,  Iowa. 


GALLOWAYS 


The  showing  of  Galloways,  while  not  as  large  as  some  of  the  other 
breeds,  was  creditable  in  every  way.  In  total  number  they  rank  just  about 
equal  to  last  year's  exhibit.  Take  them  all  through  they  were  a  little 
more  even  in  their  type.  The  Galloways  that  were  placed  at  the  top 
of  the  classes  were  very  compact,  quite  smooth  and  heavily  fleshed. 
Towards  the  bottom  of  some  of  the  classes  there  was  the  tendency  to- 
wards roughness.     Straub  Bros.,  led  in  the  winnings.     Their  cattle  are 


724 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


the  get  of  the  bull,  Captain  4th  of  Tarbreoch.  They  are  a  very  thick  and 
uniform  sort,  showing  to  a  marked  degree  the  prepotency  of  the  sire. 
The  senior  champion  cow.  Ladylike,  was  made  grand  champion  over  the 
little  heifer,  Clara  of  Maples  4th,  owned  by  Hechtner.  The  little  calf  is 
a  very  good  handler,  very  smooth  and  won  junior  championship  over  the 
older  heifers.  In  the  bull  classes  Choice  Master  was  the  favorite  and 
might  also  be  said  to  be  the  outstanding  bull  for  the  grand  championship. 
He  is  a  very  deep  bull,  low  set  and  fairly  smooth,  beating  the  three- 
year-old  bull  some  in  the  shoulders  and  in  thickness  of  fleshing,  and 
showing  to  a  better  advantage  than  the  junior  champion.  Chas.  Escher, 
Jr.,  Botna,  Iowa,  did  the  judging. 


BED    POLLS 


"That  was  the  finest  display  of  Red  Poll  cattle  ever  shown  in  the  Des 
Moines  arena  and  one  of  the  largest  and  best  ever  seen  in  America,"  was 
the  enthusiastic  comment  which  Harley  A.  Martin,  secretary  of  the  Red 


GRAND  CHAMPION  RED  POLLED  BULL 
Iowa  State  Fair.  1912 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      725 

Poll  Cattle  Club  of  America,  made  after  inspecting  the  exhibit.  "In 
point  of  numbers,"  he  continued,  "it  surpassed  anything  ever  shown  at 
the  Iowa  State  Fair.  Uniformity  and  general  excellence  were  marked 
features  of  every  class,  which  accounted  for  the  fact  that  there  were  but 
few  outstanding  entries.  It  was  very  much  an  all-star  caste.  Every 
admirer  of  the  breed  had  reason  to  be  greatly  encouraged  by  the  showing 
made  by  our  breeders." 

A  census  of  the  classes  revealed  the  somewhat  surprising  fact  that  but 
two  other  breeds  outnumbered  the  Red  Polls.  The  management  had 
found  it  necessary  or  convenient  to  accommodate  the  Red  Poll  herds  in 
at  least  four  different  barns  and,  in  consequence,  the  actual  strength  of 
the  breed  was  not  realized  until  the  count  of  the  classes  was  made.  Wish- 
ing to  present  a  still  more  impressive  display  another  year,  the  ex- 
hibitors expect  to  petition  the  management  for  better  accommodations. 
With  nearly  all  of  his  classes  crowded  with  well-grown  and  well-fitted 
representatives  of  the  breed,  not  infrequently  the  judge,  James  Wilson, 
of  Brookings,  S.  D.,  was  compelled  to  do  much  close  studying  in  order 
to  select  his  winners.  It,  in  fact,  took  him  the  better  part  of  three  after- 
noons to  distribute  the  ribbons  allotted  him.  He  found  the  cow  and 
heifer  classes  the  most  impressive  and  of  these  was  particularly  taken 
with  the  group  of  aged  cows.  From  among  them  he  selected  his  strong- 
est contender  for  the  championship.  Five-year-old  Lena  conformed  most 
closely  to  his  ideal  of  a  dual-purpose  cow.  Teddy's  Best,  shown  by 
Haussler  Bros.,  who  last  year  were  in  partnership  with  Frank  Davis  & 
son,  also  of  Nebraska,  was  Mr.  Wilson's  choice  for  the  championship  of 
the  bull  contingent. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


Is  it  possible  to  produce  dairy  animals  which  can  win  in  the  show 
rings  as  now  organized  and  at  the  same  time  be  capable  of  producing 
profitable  quantities  of  milk  and  butter  fat?  This  is  a  question  which  is 
discussed  at  every  competitive  exposition  of  dairy  cattle  and  it  was 
given  consideration  by  a  number  of  breeders  who  were  interested  in  the 
displays  of  dairy  breeds  made  at  Des  Moines  last  week. 

Because  good  producers  do  not  always  win  in  the  show  ring,  some 
breeders  believe  there  should  be  a  radical  change  in  judging  methods 
and  contend  that  the  acceptance  of  present-day  ring  standards  prevents 
the  development  of  utility  in  dairy  animals.  Others  insist  that  there 
is  no  antagonism  between  the  standards  for  dairy  cattle  which  rule  in 
the  show  ring  and  those  which  have  been  worked  out  upon  the  farm. 

Charles  Hill,  president  of  the  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club,  is  one  of 
those  who  values  records  of  production  above  show  winnings,  but  who 
also  realizes  that  there  are  many  people  who  are  willing  to  pay  good 
money  for  beautiful  cattle  even  if  they  are  but  moderate  producers.  The 
judge  who  would  not  turn  down  an  off-type  cow  when  selecting  cattle 
to  conform  to  an  ideal  standard  as  defined  by  a  scale  of  points  would 
not  again  be  considered  for  such  a  responsible  position  by  men  of  Mr. 
Hill's  convictions.  Mr.  Hill,  while  admitting  that  it  is  true  that  most  of 
the  best  producers  are  not  outstanding  show  type  cows,  sees  no  reason 


726  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

why  cows  cannot  be  high-class  producers  and  also  conform  to  present 
day  show-ring  standards.  Similarly,  Wilbur  W.  Marsh,  one  of  Iowa's 
most  noted  breeders,  believes  that  producers  can  be  of  the  highest  show- 
yard  standard,  but  agrees  that  it  is  a  hard  matter  to  prove  this  as  long 
as  many  of  them  are  not.  However,  greater  consideration  is  being  given 
by  fair  managers  to  the  matter  of  production  and  at  not  a  few  of  the 
expositions  special  classifications  are  now  provided  for  cows  which  have 
made  large  records. 


GUERNSEY 


The  showing  of  Guernseys  was  wholly  and  unexplainably  out  of  pro- 
portion with  the  popularity  and  prominence  of  this  great  breed  in  the 
corn  belt.  A  year  ago  this  great  Channel  Island  breed  was  represented 
at  Des  Moines  by  five  herds  which,  in  all,  contained  sixty  or  more  head 
and  the  results  of  the  contest  were  such  as  to  warrant  the  prediction  that 
the  display  of  Guernsey  cattle  at  the  fifty-eighth  Iowa  State  Pair  would 
be  still  larger  and  there  were  those  who  even  dared  to  anticipate  that  it 
would  be  superior  in  point  of  quality.  On  the  contrary,  however,  but 
three  herds,  aggregating  less  than  forty  animals,  were  shown  and  al- 
though a  superior  lot  throughout,  yet  in  but  few  instances  was  it  su- 
perior to  that  seen  in  the  Des  Moines  arena  in  1911.  W.  W.  Marsh,  of 
Waterloo,  had  expected  to  show  his  herd,  but,  after  making  the  neces- 
sary entries,  found  it  impossible  or  inconvenient  to  make  the  exhibit. 
The  absence  of  his  "string"  v/eakened  the  display  considerably,  for  in  the 
few  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  business  of  breeding  Guernseys 
Mr.  Marsh  has  succeeded  in  assembling  and  developing  one  of  the  best 
herds  to  be  found  anywhere  in  the  middle  west  and  not  a  few  of  his 
animals  have  repeatedly  won  premier  recognition  in  the  closest 
of  competition  and  at  the  hands  of  the  most  discriminating  of  judges. 
The  judging  last  week  was  done  by  William  Forbes,  of  Lincoln,  Neb.,  who 
has  but  lately  accepted  an  important  position  with  the  dairy  division  of 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.  His  ratings  were  care- 
fully made  and,  in  most  instances,  met  with  the  ready  approval  of  ex- 
hibitors and  onlookers.  Among  the  senior  herd  bulls  he  found  Bob 
Rilma  best  qualified  to  contend  for  the  championship  and  of  the  juniors 
none  pleased  him  as  well  as  did  Raymond  of  Sarnia,  a  son  of  Raymond 
of  the  Preel  IV.,  which  was  imported  by  Charles  L.  Hill,  president  of 
the  American  Guernsey  cattle  club.  This  yearling  gives  promise  of 
developing  into  a  strong  show-ring  contender,  but  the  transfer  from  his 
home  quarters  to  the  less  comfortable  accommodations  afforded  en  route 
and  at  the  fair  had  not  agreed  with  him  and  in  consequence  he  was  not 
appearing  in  his  best  form.  Of  the  females  none  proved  more  attractive 
than  two  sets  of  twin  heifers  shown  by  Messrs.  Wilcox  and  Stubbs.  The 
two  year  olds  are  daughters  of  Galaxy's  Sequel  and  Daisy  Bell  of  the 
Grand  Fort  and  at  preceding  shows  have  also  been  accorded  special  rec- 
ognition. The  second  pair  were  sired  by  Diamond  of  Tucre  and  mothered 
by  Patricia  of  Sarnia.  They,  too,  are  superior  individuals.  The  senior 
yearling.   Park's  Princess  Rhea  and  a  daughter  of  Rhea's  King  of  the 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  727 

May  was  the  unanimous  choice  for  the  junior  championship  and  was  only 
defeated  for  the  grand  championship  by  Aline  of  Lawton  2d,  a  five-year- 
old  matron  which  traces  back  to  Prince  Rosendale. 


JERSEYS 


Herds  from  five  important  corn  and  grain-belt  states  met  at  Des  Moines 
and  provided  an  exhibit  of  "cream  producers"  which  easily  surpassed  any 
shown  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair  in  previous  years.  The  display  was  not 
as  much  superior  in  numbers  as  it  was  in  quality  and  fitness.  Several 
of  the  same  herds  were  shown  in  1911  and  all  but  one  of  these  had  since 
been  reinforced  by  purchase  or  by  drafting  from  their  breeding  herds. 
Then,  too,  the  exhibitors  had  their  entries  in  fine  condition.  Of  course 
occasionally  an  animal  was  led  into  the  ring  which  was  not  appearing  in 
show  shape  and  there  were  a  few  which  should  have  been  left  at  home. 
Friends  and  those  acquainted  with  a  breed  are  perfectly  willing  to  make 
generous  allowance,  but  fair-goers  in  general  often  discount  an  exhibit 
considerably  because  it  happens  to  include  a  few  outclassed  and  unfitted 
entries.  A  year  ago  a  "sprinkling"  of  the  American,  or  roomy  and 
useful  type,  was  to  be  seen  in  every  class,  but  the  showing  presented 
last  week  was  wholly  devoid  of  this  feature.  The  strictly  "Island" 
type  is  more  popular  with  the  great  majority  of  men  who  judge  at  our 
fairs  and  expositions  and  it  would  seem  that  those  who  exhibit  have 
yielded  to  the  inevitable  and  are  now  showing  the  sort  most  sought  after 
in  the  show  rings.  Among  the  young  things  were  so  many  likely  con- 
tenders as  to  afford  great  encouragement  for  the  future  success  of  the 
herds  of  which  they  are  members.  The  aged  bull,  Stockwell's  Fern  Lad, 
came  back  again  this  year  still  better  equipped  to  battle  with  his  old 
rivals,  Beauvoir's  King  and  Combination's  Golden  Prince,  which  were 
rated  superior  to  him  in  1911.  The  Stockwell  bull  was  appearing  at  his 
best  and  his  size  and  finish  appealed  strongly  to  the  judge,  W.  I.  Hunter, 
of  Lincoln,  Neb.,  who  found  it  agreeable  to  award  him  the  senior  and 
grand  championship.  The  final  competition  for  the  premier  honors  was 
supplied  by  a  son  and  stable  mate,  Stockwell's  Champion,  a  very  prom- 
ising youngster.  Warder's  Proud  Beauty,  an  excellently-shaped  matron 
fully  supplied  with  milk-producing  equipment,  was  chosen  for  the  cham- 
pionship contest,  as  were  the  typey  three  year  old,  Ibsen's  Cherry,  and 
Ibsen's  Glory  Coulisse,  a  beautiful  daughter  of  Ibsen's  Glory,  owned  and 
exhibited  by  Mr.  Bruins,  of  Wisconsin.  Messrs.  Young  and  Cotta  &  Will- 
iams, from  Nebraska  and  Illinois  respectively,  submitted  heifers  which 
were  decidedly  superior  in  type,  but  not  suflSciently  outstanding  to  pre- 
vent the  daughter  of  the  noted  sire.  Warder,  from  winning  the  champion- 
ship. 


BROWN  SWISS. 


The  managers  of  all  middle  western  fairs  always  depend  upon  Wiscon- 
sin breeders  to  furnish  their  patrons  with  an  exhibit  of  Brown  Swiss 
cattle  and  no  time  are  they  disappointed  with  the  representation  which 


728  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

the  Badger  state  breeders  provide,  for  in  their  herds  are  to  be  found 
some  of  the  best  and  most  typical  specimens  of  the  breed.  Although 
but  three  herds,  two  from  Wisconsin  and  one  from  Iowa,  were  shown, 
the  display  was  of  an  exceedingly  high  order  and  about  as  representative 
as  could  possibly  be  assembled.  Nevertheless,  the  judge,  Wm.  Forbes, 
of  the  United  States  Dairy  Division,  found  himself  confronted  in  each 
class  with  the  task  of  making  his  selections  from  among  animals  which 
represented  two  distinct  types,  one  of  the  more  old-fashioned  sort, 
exceedingly  large  of  frame,  and  the  other  more  refined  and,  based  upon 
the  standards  commonly  accepted  for  dairy  animals,  exhibiting  greater 
dairy  temperament.  At  one  time  the  breeders  endeavored  to  make  the 
Brown  Swiss  a  dual-purpose  breed,  but  that  is  no  longer  their  ideal. 
On  the  contrary,  the  economical  production  of  milk  and  butter  fat 
is  singled  out  by  them  as  the  chief  characteristic  of  the  breed.  They 
contend  that  theirs  is  a  breed  unusually  strong  in  constitution  and 
therefore  able  to  bear  up  under  the  heavy  strain  incident  to  milk  and 
butter  fat  production.  Among  the  males  none  appealed  to  the  judge 
more  than  did  Zell,  a  five-year-old  son  of  Junker,  which  has  had  a 
brilliant  show  career  at  the  Iowa  and  Minnesota  State  Fairs  and  at 
the  National  and  International  Dairy  Shows  in  1911.  Upon  neither 
circuit  has  he  shown  in  the  smoothest  of  form,  but  he  is  a  grand  show 
bull  and  in  addition  has  proven  an  unusually  good  sire.  Of  the  younger 
bulls,  Casper  Delta,  shown  by  the  lone  Iowa  exhibitor,  proved  a  worthy 
but  by  no  means  dangerous  competitor  of  the  old  campaigner.  Cuma, 
although  dry,  won  premier  honors  among  the  cows  and  in  doing  so 
first  had  to  eliminate  Allyn's  Arlene,  a  nicely-modeled  matron.  The 
older  cow,  however,  had  the  massiveness  and  the  scale,  which  gave 
her  the  decision.  Myone  Baby,  the  champion  of  the  1911  Brown  Swiss 
showing  at  Des  Moines,  was  retired  to  third  position  upon  her  first  appear- 
ance, but  the  three-year-old  heifer,  Betty  of  Allynhurst,  led  out  by  the 
same  exhibitor,  fared  better.  A  stable  mate,  Bella  Ro.sita,  was  made 
the  grand  champion  because  of  her  superior  quality  and  general  con- 
formation. The  groups  were  a  choice  assortment  throughout  and  were 
to  a  large  extent  bred  by  the  exhibitors,  which  fact  made  the  excellent 
display  all  tlio  more  noteworthy. 


HOLSTEINS. 

lowans  who  admire  "black  and  white"  cattle  were  very  much  encour- 
aged by  the  manner  in  which  their  breed  was  represented  at  Des 
Moines  last  week.  Three  Iowa  exhibitors  were  assisted  by  a  Wisconsin 
breeder  in  providing  a  display  which,  in  some  respects,  was  classed  by 
many  as  one  of ^  the  best  ever  presented  to  a  corn-belt  audience.  The 
aged  classes,  while  well  filled  with  animals  of  a  very  useful  sort,  were 
not  as  noteworthy  as  several  of  the  younger  strings.  This,  however,  is 
a  most  encouraging  prospect.  It  proves  conclusively  that  the  breeders 
are  making  steady  progress  and  it  augurs  well  for  their  future  success. 
Although  in  the  very  heart  of  the  corn  belt,  dairying  is  becoming  morQ 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XHI      729 

and  more  one  of  the  most  important  of  Iowa's  farm  industries.  And, 
as  would  naturally  be  expected,  the  Holstein  breed  is  deservedly  popular 
with  many  of  the  dairymen  of  the  state.  Perhaps  no  small  amount  of 
the  credit  for  this  rising  popularity  is  due  to  Dairy  Commissioner  W.  B. 
Barney,  who  did  considerable  pioneer  work  for  the  breed  not  only  in 
Iowa,  but  in  several  other  of  the  middle  western  states.  The  judge 
of  the  breed.  Dr.  M.  B.  Wood,  Mankato,  Minn.,  found  things  quite  to 
his  liking  in  practically  all  of  the  younger  classes,  but  was  particularly 
impressed  with  the  line-up  of  senior  heifer  calves.  "It  would  be 
extremely  difficult  to  lead  out  five  better  and  more  even  calves  than  the 
quintette  before  me,"  was  his  enthusiastic  comment  after  making  a,  care- 
ful inspection  of  the  lot.  "They  certainly  approximate  perfection  about 
as  nearly  as  we  have  any  right  to  expect."  His  junior  champion  female, 
however,  was  chosen  from  among  the  yearlings,  Foekje  De  Kol  Hengerveld 
being  the  recipient  of  this  high  honor.  Another  nominee  for  the  cham- 
pionship was  Groveland  Pontiac  Hijlaard,  a  growthy  and  superior  two 
year  old  shown  by  Frank  White.  But  the  likeliest  of  all  the  candidates 
w-as  Chloe  Jewell  of  Cedarside,  a  three-year-old  daughter  of  Count  Aaggie 
Netherland  De  Kol  and  Miss  Alice  Gerben  De  Kol.  Dr.  Wood  found  much 
about  this  heifer  to  commend  and  willingly  handed  her  owner,  Mr.  Nelson, 
the  much  coveted  ribbon.  Because  of  his  length  and  depth  of  body  and 
strength  of  constitution,  Rockdale  Perfection  De  Kol  was  awarded  the 
male  championship. 


AYRSHIRE  S. 


Although  but  one  herd  of  this  noted  Scotch  breed  was  shown,  the 
judge,  Dr.  M.  B.  Wood,  of  Minnesota,  found  animals  worthy  of  special 
commendation   in   every   class   appearing  before  him. 

Adam  Seitz,  of  Waukesha,  Wis.,  with  a  herd  numbering  twenty 
head,  was  the  sole  exhibitor.  Eight  of  his  "string"  were  selected  from 
among  the  best  herds  of  Scotland  and  his  herd  bull,  Bargenoch  Gay 
Cavalier,  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  Ayrshire  sires  ever  exhibited 
in  this  country.  Mr.  Seitz  purchased  this  champion  from  one  of  the 
leading  breeders  of  Canada  and  has  already  refused  several  flattering 
offers  for  him. 


FAT  CATTLE. 


The  fat  classes  of  none  of  the  breeds  were  strong  in  numbers.  Some 
good  individuals  were  shown,  but  a  large  part  lacked  in  condition  or 
in  type  to  make  the  very  best  showing.  The  keenest  competition  came 
in  the  grand  champion  and  the  champion  group  between  the  Short-horn 
steer  owned  by  Saunders  and  the  Hereford  steer  owned  by  Hazlett,  the 
Short-horn  being  fatter  than  the  little  Hereford  steer,  but  a  trifle  soft  in 
his  flesh  and  not  quite  as  typey  as  the  little  fellow.  After  consider- 
able discussion  the  judges  placed  the  award  on  the  Hereford.  The 
Herefords  also  won  the  group,  although  it  was  close. 


730  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

DRAFT  HORSES. 

The  draft  horse  show  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair  this  year  demonstrated 
that  Iowa  farmers  are  becoming  interested  more  and  more  in  pure-bred 
draft  horses.  A  few  years  back  the  larger  part  of  the  exhibits  was  by 
large  importers.  This  year  the  small  breeders  came  to  the  front.  The 
majority  of  the  horses  shown  were  American  bred,  and  a  great  many  of 
them  Iowa  bred.  In  total  numbers  the  horse-show  was  not  up  to  the  num- 
ber of  last  year.  This  is  due  partly  to  shortage  of  feed  and  also  to  some 
of  the  importers  not  having  their  stock  ready  for  show.  The  large 
importers  present  were  Dunhams,  Trumans,  Lefebure  and  Finch  Bros. 
Each  had  some  choice  material,  as  is  shown  by  their  winnings.  How- 
ever, the  champions  of  two  of  the  breeds  were  American-raised  horses. 
Another  thing  that  showed  up  well  and  around  which  the  interest  of 
tne  horsemen  centered  was  the  futurities.  This  year  classes  were  opened 
for  fillies  and  a  total  of  forty-one  were  shown.  The  futurities  serve  a 
triple  purpose — to  increase  the  interest  in  the  young  colt,  so  that  it  is 
better  cared  for;  to  furnish  valuable  prizes  and  a  place  to  compare 
the  yearlings,  and  then  as  a  market  place  for  the  horses,  as  the 
breeders  watch  the  ring  close  for  the  good  ones.  Iowa  is  to  be  congratu- 
lated on  having  this  feature  as  part  of  her  show  and  the  outlook  for 
next  year  is  brighter  than  ever  before,  for  the  breeders  realize  that  it 
means  something  to  land  in  the  futurity  money.  It  is  interesting  to 
note  that  many  of  the  animals  shown  at  the  fair  have  been  winners 
at  smaller  shows  over  the  state.  This  is  especially  true  of  the  grade 
classes  and  the  exhibits  show  in  a  way  the  value  of  the  small  shows, 
for  they  arouse  the  people's  interest  to  something  bigger. 

PERCHERONS. 

The  Percherons  presented  the  largest  number  of  horses  of  any  breed, 
but  were  not  as  numerous  as  in  some  former  years.  This  shortage 
is  due  partly  to  shortage  of  feed  and  partly  to  the  importers  being 
unable  to  bring  their  horses  over  early.  Dunhams  were  the  leading 
exhibitors  of  imported  horses  and  their  horses  had  not  become  entirely 
acclimated  yet,  so  were  showing  to  some  disadvantage.  The  show  did 
present,  however,  some  of  the  strongest  home-bred  animals  that  have  ever 
been  exhibited  in  Iowa.  According  to  recent  figures  approximately  one- 
fourth  (24.2  per  cent)  of  the  Percherons  in  America  are  raised  in 
Iowa.  Many  of  these  colts  with  some  of  the  best  from  Illinois  made  an 
unusually  good  showing  in  the  futurity  classes.  It  was  here  that  W. 
S.  Corsa,  with  the  get  of  the  noted  sire,  Carnot,  showed  up  prominently 
ind  won  the  choice  prizes  in  both  the  colt  and  filly  classes.  However, 
he  did  not  have  things  all  his  own  way,  for  he  was  closely  pressed  in  the 
colt  class  by  the  McMillan  colt.  Matador,  a  colt  with  excellent  feet 
and  legs  combined  with  lots  of  substance.  This  was  the  first  year  for 
the  fillies  in  the  futurity  and  a  splendid  showing  was  made.  It  was 
very  encouraging  to  see  many  of  the  smaller  breeders  showing  and 
many  of  these  men  were  up  well  towards  the  top.  The  champion 
mare,   Rosdne,   is   called   by   many  a  better   mare  than   the  light-colored 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  731 

mare  that  was  champion  last  year.  She  is  a  mare  that  is  larger  and  has 
more  substance  throughout,  but  is  still  possessed  of  splendid  quality.  The 
champion  stallion  is  of  excellent  type,  rugged  but  with  quality.  As  he 
was  showing  thin  he  looked  to  be  a  bit  up  from  the  ground,  but  he 
had  the  other  things,  so  could  not  be  denied  the  favorite  ribbon.  In 
the  get  of  stallion  classes  there  was  a  battle  between  the  get  of  Car- 
not  and  that  of  Calypso.  After  careful  examination  Mr.  Bell,  the  judge, 
gave  the  preference  to  those  of  Carnot.  They  showed  to  better  advan- 
tage, as  they  were  all  the  same  age.  The  showing  of  the  foals  was 
encouraging  for  the  futurities  of  next  year.  Judge,  Wm.  Bell,  Wooster, 
Ohio. 


Although  many  of  the  leading  middle  western  breeders  and  im- 
porters exhibited,  the  showing  of  Shires  was  in  no  way  sensational.  By 
force  of  necessity  or  by  choice  a  number  of  the  exhibitors  were  not  as 
well  represented  as  they  have  been  upon  some  of  the  circuits,  but 
will  undoubtedly  contribute  stronger  displays  to  some  of  the  later 
shows  in  which  they  have  reason  to  believe  the  competition  will  be 
closer.  The  "futurity"  awards  organized  by  J.  H.  S.  Johnstone  at- 
tracted splendid  strings  of  yearling  stallions  and  fillies  and  undoubted- 
ly otherwise  strengthened  the  showing  of  the  breed.  Robert  B.  Ogllvie, 
secretary  of  the  American  Clydesdale  Association,  judged  all  of  the 
classes,  and  in  awarding  the  futurity  premiums  called  in  H.  O.  Weaver, 
Wapello,  Iowa,  to  assist  him.  Prom  among  the  eight  aged  stallions  he 
selected  Trumans'  big  bay,  Dunsmore  Willington  Boy  III.,  for  his  champion- 
ship, but  found  a  better  qualified  entry  in  the  three-year-old  Lord  Carlton, 
also  shown  by  the  Bushnell  firm.  This  brown  is  of  the  type  popular 
with  Shire  men.  The  reserve  championship  fell  to  an  im'ported  yearling, 
Carlton  Royal  Grey,  which  Mr.  Ogilvie  found  well  enough  equipped 
to  stand  above  the  futurity  winner,  a  splendidly  grown  bay  shown  by 
John  R.  Rittenhouse,  but  raised  by  J.  L.  Marks,  of  Indiana.  This 
toppy  youngster,  Cecil  Rhodes  by  name,  when  shown  at  the  last  In- 
ternational, won  first  in  his  class  of  five.  Alexander  and  Graham  Gal- 
braith  exhibited  the  first-prize  aged  mare,  Dows  by  Sunbeam,  a  well- 
organized  eight  year  old  which  they  purchased  from  the  Trumans.  The 
champion  of  the  mares,  however,  was  not  chosen  from  among  the  aged 
matrons,  but  instead  from  a  small  class  of  two  year  olds.  Frithville 
Princess,  a  breedy,  good  bodied  and  well  underpinned  black,  was  given 
the  purple  ribbon  and  a  most  precocious  weanling,  Pine  Krest  Prim- 
rose, was  placed  in  second  position. 

BELGIANS. 

Some  of  the  horsemen  accounted  for  the  rather  limited  showing  of 
Belgians  upon  the  grounds  that  a  number  of  the  exhibitors  have  sold 
themselves  "short"  to  meet  a  better  than  expected  demand  for  breeding 
animals.  Then,  too,  several  of  the  show  strings  have  not  as  yet  been 
reenforced  by  this  season's  importations.  The  general  quality  of  the 
display  was,  therefore,  scarcely  up  to  expectations.    Alexander  Galbraith, 


732  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

one  of  America's  most  noted  Clydesdale  experts,  picked  the  winners  and, 
true  to  his  instincts,  insisted  upon  favoring  the  entries  which  had  the 
cleaner  underpinning  and  which  could  move  well.  In  fact,  he  some- 
times found  it  necessary  to  retire  contenders  which  upon  first  appear- 
ance seemed  entitled  to  win,  but  which  upon  closer  inspection  were' 
found  to  have  defects  particularly  distasteful  to  a  Clydesdale  man. 
Henry  Lefebure's  five-year-old  Jules  Remi  was  preferred  to  Irvine's 
Robert  II.  De  Rum  which  was  not  showing  to  as  good  advantage  as  he 
will — at  least  should — later  in  the  season,  although  Pinch  Bros.'  chest- 
nut yearling  afforded  him  strong  competition.  Villiant  De  Merfes,  a 
large  bay,  mounted  upon  an  excellent  set  of  limbs  and  a  good  mover  as 
well,  was  accorded  the  championship.  Working  with  John  Truman,  of 
Bushnell,  111.,  Mr.  Galbraith  selected  this  youngster  as  the  winner  of 
the  futurity  stakes  and  thus  admitted  him  to  the  championship  con- 
test. If  carried  on  in  present  good  form  this  yearling  will  certainly 
make  things  interesting  for  future  championship  aspirants.  The 
champion  mare,  Laura,  a  drafty  and  broody  six  year  old,  came  from  the 
same  stables.  Appearing  against  her  for  the  final  honors  were  Bella 
Terlinden,  French's  matronly  three-year-old  chestnut;  Lefebure's  Chunky 
Luzette;  McCarty's  yearling,  Elsie,  winner  of  the  futurity,  and  Finch 
Bros.'  outstanding  foal,  Mayme.  The  groups  were  an  even  lot  and  gave 
the  judge  an  unusual  amount  of  difficulty  in  arranging  them. 

CLYDESDALES. 

This  was  a  Clydesdale  year  in  the  horse  classes  at  the  Iowa  State 
Fair.  They  outranked  all  other  breeds  except  the  Percherons  in  num- 
bers, while  in  quality  they  were  up  to  the  highest  possible  standard. 
The  Canadian  judge,  Mr.  William  McKirdy,  emphasized  good  feet,  the 
right  kind  of  pasterns,  these  to  be  combined  with  plenty  of  quality  and 
considerable  weight.  It  was  made  apparent  in  these  classes  that  Clydes- 
dale men  generally  do  not  crowd  their  young  stuff,  some  of  the  yearlings 
and  two  year  olds  showing  a  little  thin  in  flesh.  The  futurity  class  was 
strong.  The  winning  colt,  Charnock,  was  good  enough  to  win  for  the 
Galbraith  stables  not  only  in  his  class,  but  also  the  grand  champion- 
ship prize  on  stallion.  The  American-bred  horse  was  in  evidence  in 
every  class  and  in  most  cases  they  forged  to  the  top.  In  this  respect 
possibly  the  Clydesdale  men  are  setting  a  pace  for  others  to  follow, 
their  work  so  far  indicating  that  American  grain  and  American  grass 
will  produce  just  as  good  horses  as  can  be  produced  anywhere  on  earth. 
One  prominent  reporter  was  heard  to  remark  that  if  some  of  the  Ameri- 
can-bred Clydesdales  shown  at  the  Iowa  fair  were  in  Scotland  they  would 
almost  be  unpurchasable.    Judge,  Wm.  McKirdy,  Napink,  Manitoba. 


THE  LIGHT  HORSE  AND  PONY  DIVISIONS. 

There  was  abundant  evidence  at  Des  Moines  last  week  to  prove  that 
the  automobile  is  not  supplanting  certain  classes  and  breeds  of  horses. 
The   "drafters"   were    there    in    sufficient   numbers    to   refute    the    often- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  733 

repeated  assertion  that  the  motor-driven  trucks  are  rapidly  taking  their 
places  upon  the  streets,  in  the  yards  and  even  upon  the  farms.  The  de- 
mand for  breeding  animals  and  marketable  stock  continues  strong 
despite  any  suspicions  to  the  contrary.  And  the  showing  of  several  of 
the  light  breeds  was  so  strong  in  numbers  and  so  excellent  in  character 
as  to  allay  all  fears  that  the  breeders  would  soon  have  to  modify  their 
operations  in  order  to  meet  changing  economic  conditions.  Walter  Palmer, 
of  Ottawa,  111.,  who  judged  the  saddle  and  harness  horses  and  who  per- 
haps is  about  as  well  informed  as  anyone  upon  conditions  in  the  light 
horse  world,  was  enthusiastic  over  the  showing  he  was  called  upon  to 
inspect.  He  estimated  that  the  saddle  horse  division  was  fully  100  per 
cent  stronger  than  any  previously  arranged  for  Iowa  State  Fair  goers. 
In  fact  Mr.  Palmer  rated  the  display  as  being  on  a  par  with  those  seen 
in  Missouri  and  Kentucky,  the  very  homes  of  the  saddler.  In  explana- 
tion of  the  growing  interest  in  the  breed  Mr.  Palmer  admitted  that  the 
automobile  was  taking  the  place  of  the  "driver"  with  many  people,  but 
declared  that  men  who  like  horses  have  turned  to  the  saddlers  and 
predicted  that  in  the  future  the  demand  for  superior  animals  of  this 
type  would  be  stronger  than  ever.  George  M.  Rommel,  of  the  bureau 
of  animal  industry  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture, 
judged  the  Morgans  and  found  them  a  representative  lot.  He  left  Des 
Moines  to  go  to  Middlebury  to  inspect  the  Vermont  showing  which  is  sup- 
posed to  outclass  all  others,  but  expressed  himself  as  satisfied  that  the 
"tops"  of  the  Iowa  display  would  be  as  good  as  he  would  find  at  the  east- 
ern show.  Similarly  the  exhibits  of  American  carriage  horses  and  stand- 
ard-bred trotters  placed  by  W.  A.  Dobson,  of  D'es  Moines,  proved  as 
satisfactory  as  any  he  has  ever  rated,  the  conformity  to  the  accepted 
types  being  the  noteworthy  feature.  Considered  collectively  the  Hack- 
neys were  a  disappointment  and  Alexander  Galbraith,  of  De  Kalb,  111., 
who  awarded  the  premiums,  regretted  the  relatively  poor  representation 
of  this  noted  English  breed.  Prof.  W.  J.  Kennedy,  of  Ames,  Iowa,  who 
judged  the  pony  classes,  was  well  pleased  with  the  showing  which,  too, 
was  larger  and  better  than  ever. 

DRAFT    HORSE   BREEDERS'    ASSOCIATION. 

On  Wednesday  evening  there  was  a  meeting  of  the  Iowa  Draft  Horse 
Breeders'  Association.  It  was  a  very  enthusiastic  occasion  and  the  asso- 
ciation shows  that  it  is  going  to  form  the  center  around  which  the 
draft  horse  interests  will  be  furthered.  One  of  the  most  important 
things  that  was  done  was  the  appointing  of  a  committee  to  encourage 
the  legislature  to  make  an  appropriation  helping  draft  horses,  as  it  has 
done  with  beef  cattle.  The  membership  of  this  association  is  growing 
and  every  person  who  is  interested  in  the  improvement  of  draft  horses 
should  either  joint  or  boost  its  purpose,  as  its  membership  is  open  to 
all  who  are  interested  in  draft  horses. 


734  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

SWINE. 

While  the  conditions  incident  to  swine  raising  this  year  have  been  al- 
most universally  discouraging,  it  was  a  matter  of  congratulation  for  the 
management  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  that  breeders  have  sufficient  confi- 
dence in  their  business  and  sufficient  hopefulness  for  its  success  that 
the  exposition  again  comes  to  the  front  with  a  showing  of  hope  un- 
equaled  by  that  of  any  other  state.  It  is  true  that  the  discouragements 
of  the  year  reduced  the  total  number  of  animals  in  the  pens  to  2,266, 
or  a  reduction  of  521  head  from  the  figures  of  last  year.  The  Duroc 
Jersey  breed  met  with  the  greatest  falling  off,  the  figures  for  last  year 
being  986,  while  this  year  only  759  head  were  in  evidence.  Poland 
Chinas  increased  from  702  to  725,  Chester  Whites  decreased  from  586  to 
401,  Hampshires  from  303  to  297,  Berkshires  from  120  to  118,  Yorkshires 
from  68  to  63  and  Tamworths  from  22  to  21.  It  will  be  noted  that  the 
bacon  breeds  came  nearer  to  holding  their  own  with  reference  to  num- 
bers than  did  the  lard  type  of  hogs.  In  all  divisions  there  were  a  greater 
proportion  of  Iowa  breeders  than  ever  before.  There  was  an  almost 
total  absence  of  any  of  the  old-time  professional  showmen.  The  exhibits 
were  largely  made  by  breeders  who,  while  hoping  for  winnings  in  the 
competitions,  were  at  the  fair  for  the  especial  purpose  of  making  sales 
of  breeding  animals.  While  there  was  a  fair  inquiry  for  strictly  high- 
class  hogs,  it  was  stated  that  sales  were  rather  slower  than  had  been 
anticipated,  the  situation  being  due  to  the  prevalence  of  disease  in  a 
great  many  sections.  The  management  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  is  to  be 
congratulated  for  the  splendid  sanitary  condition  maintained  and  for  the 
careful  attention  and  endeavors  to  promote  the  interests  and  welfare  of 
breeders.     Awards  by  breeds  are  given  below. 

DUROO    JERSEYS. 

In  point  of  numbers  the  Duroc  Jersey  division  of  the  fair  leads  all 
others.  The  character  of  the  exhibits  showed  the  advancement  that  has 
been  made  in  recent  years  and  pointed  to  a  still  brighter  future  for  the 
breed.  It  might  be  said  that  it  was  largely  a  breeders'  show  rather  than 
one  which  presented  evidence  of  art  in  the  fitting  and  preparation.  Con- 
servative men  freely  expressed  regret  that  there  was  so  much  ground  for 
much  of  the  dissatisfaction  voiced  with  the  decisions  of  the  judge.  The 
situation  is  one  that  demands  candid  consideration  on  the  part  of  pro- 
moters of  the  breed  and  the  fair  management.  No  industry  possessing 
the  magnitude  of  that  here  represented  should  be  permitted  to  suiter  dis- 
integration and  discredit  because  of  the  machinations  of  any  part  of 
those  in  whose  interest  this  show  is  held.  Dissatisfaction  was  loudly  ex- 
pressed over  the  fact  that  a  judge  recommended  officially  by  the  Iowa 
Duroc  Jersey  Breeders'  Association  should  not  be  chosen  by  the  fair 
management.  The  prominence  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  makes  it  im- 
portant that  the  influence  which  dominates  the  making  of  awards  must 
be  such  as  to  command  the  highest  respect,  not  only  of  those  who  are 
engaged  in  the  production  of  pure-bred  animals,  but  of  the  entire  pork- 
producing  fraternity  as  well.     It  is  too  big  an  institution  to  be  dominated 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      735 

by  any  influence  not  directly  to  the  advantage  of  the  entire  community. 
This  exposition  is  an  educational  institution.  Its  influences  extend  to 
all  parts  of  the  pork-raising  world.  Its  types  should  be  accepted  as  of 
the  most  approved  and  accepted  ones.  Its  characteristics  should  be  in 
line  with  breed  improvement.  Its  lessons  should  be  true  ones  and  un- 
questioned in  the  information  they  provide.  H.  F.  Hoffman,  Washta, 
Iowa,  placed  the  awards. 

POLAND    CHINAS. 

The  Iowa  State  Fair  has  built  up  a  well-earned  reputation  as  being 
the  greatest  exposition  of  Poland  China  excellence  to  be  found  in  the 
United  States.  Some  of  the  show  rings  of  the  past  years  have  been  re- 
markalle  because  of  the  wonderful  uniformity  of  type,  form  and  char- 
acteristics. It  is  a  fact  beyond  question  that  the  Iowa  State  Fair  has  been 
one  of  the  greatest  incentives  to  the  production  of  good  Poland  China 
hogs.  While  from  year  to  year  there  has  been  a  constant  increase  in 
numbers  brought  to  this  fair,  for  some  time  there  has  been  a  falling 
off  in  the  stronger  points  and  more  desirable  features  of  the  animals 
driven  into  the  competitive  rings.  It  is  perhaps  a  fact  unfortunate  in  its 
influence  upon  the  pork-producing  interests  of  the  "West  that  selfish  in- 
terests have  so  manipulated  public  sentiment  as  to  have  created  dissen- 
sions and  unfair  competition  among  the  producers  of  the  breed.  Anyway 
it  is  safe  to  say  that  the  wide  diversity  of  types  as  shown  at  the  Iowa 
State  Fair  this  year  and  last  have  indicated  a  set  of  disorganized  ideas 
as  to  proper,  practical  and  profitable  form.  The  departure  from  agreed 
type  has  brought  about  such  extremes  of  dissension  and  ill-will  that  for 
several  seasons  the  management  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  has  looked  upon 
the  selection  of  a  judge  who  should  be  the  means  of  satisfying  a  ma- 
jority of  exhibitors  as  a  most  difficult  contract.  Certain  it  is  that  ex- 
hibitors have  gradually  assumed  for  themselves  privileges  which  could 
not  we!l  be  accorded  and  which  border  closely  upon  a  breach  of  common 
courteiy.  This  situation  culminated  at  the  show  of  the  present  year  in 
a  mcst  unfortunate  circumstance.  The  management  of  the  Iowa  State 
F"air  had  selected  as  Poland  China  judge,  Harvey  Johnson,  of  Logan, 
Iowa,  an  old-time  breeder,  a  gentleman  of  absolute  integrity  and  a  business 
man  whose  record  is  without  blemish.  Mr,  Johnson  consented  to  as- 
sume the  duties  of  judge  only  after  considerable  urging  because  of  the 
fact  of  ill  health.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  his  condition  might  readily  have 
excused  him  from  assuming  any  of  its  duties.  At  the  close  of  the  sec- 
ond day's  judging  the  contentions  of  various  disappointed  exhibitors  be- 
came so  loud  and  assumed  such  an  attitude  of  discourtesy  and  injustice  to 
the  judge  that  Mr.  Johnson  refused  to  complete  the  work.  At  the  solicita- 
tion of  the  management,  J.  M.  Stewart,  of  Ainsworth,  took  up  the  remain- 
ing classes  and  made  the  awards.  In  the  early  part  of  the  show  F.  L.  Rood, 
of  Clearfield,  Iowa,  acted  as  consulting  judge  with  Mr.  Johnson.  Much 
of  the  discord  shown  among  breeders  arises  from  their  insufficient  knowl- 
edge of  what  has  previously  been  accomplished.  Size  is  not  a  late  devel- 
opm^ent  of  the  Poland  China  hog.  A  quarter  of  a  century  ago  King  Te- 
cumseh,  a  magnificent  show  hog  of  symmetrical  proportions,  style,  finish 


736  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

and  quality  was  driven  into  the  Iowa  State  Fair  show  ring  as  an  800- 
pound  yearling.  A  year  or  two  later  Free  Trade  followed  in  the  same 
line  and  was  almost  unanimously  pronounced  the  greatest  hog  that  ever 
made 'the  rounds  of  western  fairs.  L.'s  Tecumseh,  a  champion,  and  Lea's 
Wonder,  a  mammoth  champion,  both  met  the  demand  for  size  and  at  the 
same  time  carried  other  attractive  and  desirable  qualities.  Still  later 
came  Chief  Tecumseh  3d,  big,  good  and  right  all  over  and  an  individual 
that  would  today  be  looked  upon  as  a  type  practically  beyond  criticism. 
In  the  same  class  belonged  his  son,  Stsindard  Chief,  that  had  to  his 
credit  the  fact  that  he  was  the  biggest  yearling  ever  shown  at  the  Iowa 
State  Fair.  It  is  true  that  the  influences  of  following  a  fad  in  popular 
blood  lines  had  harmful  effect  on  the  breed,  but  these  influences  might 
readily  be  overcome  by  a  common-sense  method  of  selection  and  of  prac- 
tical methods  of  feeding. 

CHESTER   WHITES. 

The  Chester  White  division  presented,  as  it  did  last  year,  a  high  stand- 
ard of  excellence  and  one  which  was  a  convincing  demonstration  that 
the  breed  is  constantly  advancing  on  those  points  of  excellence  which  go 
to  make  a  hog  of  the  desirable  sort.  There  is  a  close  approach  to  breed 
type  throughout,  a  notable  scale  with  sufficient  finish  to  prove  attractive 
to  old-fashioned  showmen.  The  Iowa  exhibitors  made  the  most  of  their 
opportunities  and  carried  away  with  them  a  majority  of  the  ribbons  dis- 
tributed by  Mr.  Gentry. 

HAMPSHHIES. 

With  297  head  of  hogs  in  the  Hampshire  pens,  there  was  a  notable 
percentage  of  high-class  animals  carrying  strong  breed  characteristics 
and  of  an  admirable  bacon  type.  There  was  a  perceptible  advance  of  bacon 
form  over  that  shov/n  by  the  breed  last  year.  Taken  as  a  whole,  no  breed 
showed  greater  average  excellence.  The  number  of  Iowa  breeders  who 
entered  the  competitions  was  great  and  a  majority  of  them  presented  suf- 
ficient merit  to  carry  off  a  good  share  of  the  premiums. 

BEBKSHIRES. 

The  Berkshire  exhibit  was  more  nearly  than  ever  an  exclusive  repre- 
sentation of  Iowa  swine,  there  being  but  one  exhibitor  from  outside  the 
state.  The  younger  classes  showed  rather  more  merit  than  the  older  ones 
but  on  the  whole  the  exhibit  was  called  one  of  credit  to  the  breed. 

YORKSHIRES. 

Two  herds  of  Yorkshires  brought  together  a  collection  of  63  animals 
of  that  breed.  These  were  B.  F.  Kunkle,  Redfield,  Iowa,  and  F.  M.  Buck, 
La  Porte,  Ind.  The  hogs  shown  were  good  specimens  of  the  breed.  The 
absence  of  Iowa  exhibitors  was  due  to  the  presence  of  disease  during  the 
preceding  season.    Ribbons  were  awarded  by  C.  C.  Roup. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      737 

SHEEP. 

The  sheep  department  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  was  large  enough  this 
year  to  overflow  the  pens  provided  for  the  exhibits  and  because  of  this  one 
wing  of  the  swine  pavilion  was  used  as  sheep  quarters.  Although  in  many 
of  the  classes  outside  exhibitors  were  a  little  too  strong  for  Iowa  con- 
testants, yet  there  were  a  number  of  instances  where  blue  ribbons  were 
carried  away  by  Iowa  exhibitors. 


Breeders  Gazette,  Chicago,  III. 

The  fat  lands  of  Iowa  never  laughed  so  riotously  at  the  harvest  as 
in  this  year  of  grace.  The  season's  opening  was  not  auspicious.  Tem- 
peratures below  normal  and  an  excess  of  water  gave  late  start  to 
farming  operations,  and  the  crop  year  in  dependable  Iowa  opened  in 
doubt.  Gradually  under  the  wooings  of  more  congenial  environment 
the  fields  of  the  Hawkeye  state  took  on  more  seasonable  aspect,  until 
forced  by  timely  and  well  distributed  heat  and  moisture  the  glorious 
early  harvests  have  been  shouted  home,  and  the  unprecedented  ton- 
nage of  stalks  and  ears  now  borne  by  the  cornfields  of  the  state  await 
a  period  of  maturity  only  a  little  longer  than  usual.  Never  has  such 
wealth  been  mined  from  Iowa  soil  in  a  crop  year.  Assuming  fruition 
of  the  corn  fields — and  little  apprehension  is  entertained  on  that  score — 
the  farmers  of  the  state  will  have  garnered  materially  in  excess  of  any 
year's  production  in  the  history  of  the  commonwealth.  Here  and  there 
conditions  fall  a  trifle  below  the  average,  under  the  influence  of  local 
disturbances,  but  so  broad  a  smile  has  never  before  v/reathed  the  agri- 
cultural countenance   of  the   state. 


The  expansion  of  the  state  fair  is  no  less  notable  than  its  perman- 
ence. Men  of  broad  vision  have  utterly  failed  to  comprehend  the  de- 
velopment to  which  these  institutions  have  attained  in  the  past  ten 
years,  and  that  to  which  they  are  unrestrainedly  headed.  The  agricul- 
tural fair  is  more  or  less  the  creature  of  the  weather,  but  in  modern 
days  seasons  of  limited  production  or  weeks  of  untoward  weather  alike 
prove  futile  to  prevent  appealing  displays  of  the  agricultural  resources 
of  the  state  at  these  exhibitions.  The  state  fair  has  struck  that  gait 
which  goes  on  forever.  It  may  hesitate  but  never  halts  under  the  handi- 
cap of  unfavorable  seasons.  No  fair  more  clearly  than  Iowa  testifies 
to  this  gratifying  condition.  In  leaner  years  it  has  served  as  a  reminder 
of  the  fat  years,  and  if  gate  receipts  are  lessened  by  a  day's  rain,  the 
turnstiles  click  all  the  more  merrily  the  succeeding  day.  As  an  exponent 
of  a  year  of  memorable  yield  the  fair  at  Des  Moines  last  week  fulfilled 
as  admirably  its  mission  as  it  has  in  times  gone  by  when  smiles  did  not 
chase  themselves  in  endless  procession  over  the  faces  of  farmers.  It  was 
all  that  fairly  could  be  required  of  such  an  exhibition  in  such  a  state  and 
in  such  a  year  of  plenty. 
47 


738  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Those  who  "grouch"  at  the  expenditure  of  tax  money  on  public  edu- 
cational schemes  wonder  why  the  state  fair  never  ceases  to  importune  for 
additional  appropriations.  They  evidently  never  saw,  or  else  beheld 
without  appreciation,  a  small  boy  outgrow  his  pants.  Few  fairs  have 
builded  beyond  their  present  necessities.  Most  of  them  have  made  the 
mistake  of  exercising  a  small  faith.  Iowa  continues  to  meet  the  ex- 
pansion of  its  great  exhibition  as  well  as  finances  will  allow.  No  less 
than  $68,000  were  expended  on  material  improvements  for  the  show 
this  year.  The  most  noteworthy  betterment  was  the  acquisition  of  ten 
acres  of  land  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the  grounds,  adjoining  the 
railroad  tracks,  at  a  cost  of  $13,000.  This  opens  up  the  machinery 
exhibit,  which  has  been  sadly  congested  the  past  few  years,  and  affords  a 
fine  and  prominent  setting  for  this  material  feature  of  the  v*'eek's  dis- 
play. Visitors  by  trolley  and  vehicles  come  first  in  touch  with  this 
department,  so  there  is  no  longer  sequestration  of  these  important  ex- 
hibits. Streets  have  been  laid  through  the  new  addition  and  when 
final  finish  is  given  by  their  permanent  surfacing,  the  department  for 
outdoor  exhibits  will  leave  nothing  to  be  desired.  When  the  other  half 
of  the  splendid  machinery  hall  is  completed — funds  for  which  will  be 
sought  from  the  state — it  is  believed  that  most  of  the  exhibits  now  in 
special  buildings  on  the  east  of  the  track  can  be  consolidated  in  the 
machinery  hall,  so  that  the  department  will  be  no  longer  divided. 


The  importance  of  sufficient  and  convenient  transportation  facilities 
has  always  been  appreciated  at  Des  Moines.  For  many  years  the  train 
service  furnished  by  the  Rock  Island  has  been  v/ithout  a  superior  in  the 
country,  and  it  is  maintained  at  a  high  state  of  efficiency.  The  trolley 
is  far  less  comfortable  and  more  time-killing,  but  the  people  demand  it 
by  reason  of  its  lower  fare  and  greater  convenience  of  access  in  the 
city,  and  every  effort  has  been  made  to  perfect  this  service  so  far  as  its 
natural  limitations  permit.  The  addition  to  the  grounds  allowed  the 
building  of  a  new  trolley  station  which  when  completed  will  be  260  feet 
long,  100  feet  of  that  space  having  been  already  finished.  This  not  only 
doubles  the  length  of  the  unloading  track,  permitting  eight  cars  to 
discharge  and  load  passengers  simultaneously,  all  under  cover,  but  it 
affords  track  storage  room  for  from  25  to  30  cars.  The  improvement 
in  this  respect  is  material.  With  improved  facilities  for  trolley  service, 
the  reliable  and  comfortable  trains,  and  the  motorcars,  the  thousands 
who  crowded  the  grounds  were  transported  in  far  better  fashion  than 
ever  before. 


The  most  striking  improvement  in  interior  equipment  was  the  new 
horse  barns.  These  were  built  as  a  cress  section  of  the  fine  barns  which 
have  given  such  complete  satisfaction,  and  now  two-fifths  of  the  contem- 
plated ^ructure  has  been  erected.  The  addition  affords  stalls  for  130 
draft  horses  and  132  ponies,  together  with  a  carriage  section  60  by  132 
feet, — an  equipment  wanting  on  any  other  fair  ground,  and  greatly  ap- 
preciated by  those  exhibitors  who  contribute  to  the  entertaining  harness 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XHI      739 

horse  shows.  The  addition  covers  a  space  of  156x224  feet  and  is  con- 
structed of  brick  and  steel,  with  roomy  aisles  admirably  fitted  for  the 
display  of  the  equine  exhibits  in  their  stalls.  The  remaining  old  frame 
barns  have  been  removed  from  their  historic  setting  around  the  former 
show  circle  and  placed  in  line  to  the  west  of  the  new  structure.  A 
straightaway  exercising  and  show  track  and  a  show  arena  have  been 
provided  south  of  the  barns,  and  the  department  is  thus  admirably 
equipped. 


Further  expenditure  was  incurred  in  laying  about  100,000'  square  feet 
of  cement  floor  in  the  machinery  hall  and  agricultural  building.  Two 
new  bleachers,  each  192  feet  long  and  holding  5,500  people,  answer  in 
part  the  demands  made  for  seats  to  view  the  races  and  infield  attrac- 
tions. A  total  of  12,500  people  can  now  find  seats,  but  at  times  it  was  esti- 
mated that  from  30,000  to  40,000  people  were  congested  about  the  grand- 
stand and  home  stretch  of  the  track. 

Ample  facilities  had  early  been  provided  for  keeping  the  stock  well 
washed  but  it  seems  somewhat  of  an  afterthought — none  of  the  less  wel- 
come— to  establish  a  dozen  shower  baths  in  the  swine  exhibition  pavilion 
for  the  use  of  live  stock  exhibitors.  The  herdsman's  lot  is  hard  enough, 
and  all  such  conveniences  which  minister  to  his  comfort  and  self- 
respect  are  hailed  with  marked  appreciation. 


This  brief  story  of  the  improvements  in  the  staging  of  this  exhibition 
leads  to  the  enumeration  of  novel  features  of  the  show.  We  should  class 
the  State  Fair  Boys'  Camp  of  prime  importance.  All  but  about  ten 
counties  in  the  state  were  represented  and  the  plan  was  followed  that 
was  brought  first  into  prominence  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair.  The  state 
board  held  supervision  of  the  camp,  which  was  in  direct  charge  of 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  superintendent  of  county  work.  Lectures  and  instruc- 
tion at  the  different  exhibits  were  given  by  the  agricultural  college 
professors.  The  youngsters  from  the  vantage  point  of  their  camp  on  the 
bill  certainly  found  inspiration  enough  to  repay  the  cost  of  this  most 
commendable    feature    of   modern    state    fairs. 

The  baby  show  drew  much  attention.  Health  and  physical  develop- 
ment not  beauty  was  the  standard  and  the  application  of  the  accepted 
standard  of  physical  development  in  infants  afforded  lessons  which  should 
prove  beneficial.  Ample  basis  exists  for  estimating  the  young  of  the 
human  species  upon  the  same  basis  of  physical  excellence  as  the  young 
of  other  animals.  We  shall  think  and  act  more  sensibly  and  less  sensi- 
tively on   this   subject   in  time. 

The  fish  and  game  exhibit  grows  in  interest.  It  is  the  start  of  a 
feature  of  this  character  which  will  serve  as  a  foundation.  Under 
canvas  the  tanks  of  fish  and  pens  of  pheasants  drew  throngs  of  visitors, 
and  laid  a  sure  basis  of  appeal  for  a  legislative  appropriation  of  $25,000 
to  place  this  engaging  and  instructive  exhibit  on  a  permanent  basis. 


740  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Redemption  proceeds  apace  in  the  agricultural  building.  Its  roof 
shelters  the  products  of  Iowa  soil,  and  the  boomers  of  other  farm  lands 
made  their  displays  under  canvas  in  other  parts  of  the  ground.  The 
regeneration  of  the  exhibits  in  this  building  has  been  gratifying.  Many 
square  feet  were  devoted  to  exhibits  of  individual  farm  products,  and 
in  these  farm  displays  he  who  runs  may  read  an  astonishing  record  of 
versatility  and  excellence  of  production.  If  one  stops  to  count  the  dif- 
ferent products  he  will  lose  time  on  his  schedule,  as  they  are  not  quickly 
enumerated.  Taste  was  evinced  in  their  presentation  and  the  home 
pride  kindled  by  such  displays  must  inevitably  engender  corresponding 
sentiment  in  the  minds  of  other  farmers. 

The  small  grain  exhibits  were  amazing.  Corn  of  course  is  in  the 
making,  and  a  small  show  from  last  year's  fields  gave  hint  only  of 
the  maize  possibility  of  the  state,  but  the  sheafs  of  small  grain  bore  con- 
firmatory evidence  of  the  sensational  yields  reported  from  all  sections  of 
the  state  where  the  separators  have  been  at  work. 

The  State  Dairy  and  Food  Commission  is  to  be  credited  with  excellent 
missionary  work.  Its  exhibits  were  attractive  and  its  facts  and  figures, 
briefly  presented  in  predigested  form,  were  very  convincing. 

Up  on  the  hill  the  agricultural  college  at  Ames  made  very  complete 
representation  of  its  leading  lines  of  work,  and  bright  young  men  were 
in  attendance  to  add  whatever  of  explanation  the  visitor  desired.  A 
lecture  room  was  filled  twice  a  day  and  a  capital  lift  was  thus  given 
to  the  serious  educational  w^ork  of  the  fair.  The  public  school  exhibit, 
presenting  the  handiwork  of  the  modern  schools  which  train  the  hand  as 
well  as  the  head,  continues  to  impress  itself  on  visitors. 


More  than  2^200  people  were  camped  on  the  grounds  for  the  greater 
part  of  the  week.  The  camp  ground  on  the  hill  among  the  beautiful 
trees  was  this  year  laid  out  in  streets  and  alleys,  so  skillfully  that 
vehicles  could  be  navigated  along  them  without  cutting  out  any  of  the 
trees.  Each  tent  was  numbered  and  a  directory  maintained  at  camp 
headquarters,  so  any  camper  could  be  readily  located  by  callers.  This 
way  of  seeing  and  studying  the  fair  is  steadily  growing  in  popularity. 


Not  every  Iowa  farmer  owns  an  auto.  Not  all  who  own  cars  came  to 
the  fair.  But  in  another  year  it  will  become  a  problem  as  to  parking 
the  cars  during  the  day.  They  now  line  the  main  streets  in  a  solid 
row,  but  their  increase  is  so  rapid  that  in  a  few  years  space  must  be 
found  outside  the  grounds  for  their  storage  during  the  day.  Most  of 
them  were  palpably  farmers'  cars.  The  man  at  the  steering  wheel  indi- 
cated it  and  his  passengers  confirmed  it.  Some  came  with  tent  poles  and 
canvas  roped  onto  the  side  of  the  car,  with  other  camp  outfit  on  the 
trunk  rack.  It  seemed  that  nearly  every  car  had  a  different  town  pen- 
nant, and  they  came  from  miles  away.  The  Iowa  dirt  roads  are  notor- 
iously good.  The  road  drag  has  solved  that  problem  for  most  months  in 
the  year.  The  law  requires  its  use.  No  road  is  so  good  for  a  motor  car 
as  a  smooth  dirt  road,  and  motoring  is  in  high  and  growing  favor  in 
Iowa. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  741 

The  automobile  exhibit  was  gathered  under  the  grandstand.  The 
floor  space  was  filled  with  cars  of  standai-d  makes,  the  medium  priced 
ones  in  the  majority,  and  aisles  were  simply  thronged  with  farmers 
seeking  information  concerning  motor  cars.  In  encouraging  automobile 
exhibits  fair  managers  undoubtedly  add  an  attraction  of  great  interest. 


A  bench  show,  with  an  extra  small  admission  fee,  demonstrated  the 
possibilities  in  a  state  fair  exhibition  of  dogs.  Its  popularity  was  very 
plain.  The  classification  was  open  to  improvement,  and  already  com- 
petent authority  has  been  engaged  to  perfect  it  for  another  year.  Several 
Chicago  exhibitors  sent  entries  of  unusual  excellence  and  a  kennel  show 
is  firmly  established  as  a  drawing  feature  at  this  fair. 


The  pike  was  inoffensive.  It  has  been  gathered  apart  unto  itself.  Its 
nearest  tent  is  60  feet  back  from  the  street,  and  its  entrance  is  not  con- 
spicuous. People  who  w^ant  that  sort  of  diversion  can  find  it  on  inquiry, 
and  those  who  do  not,  need  not  know  that  it  is  on  the  grounds.  The 
authorities  vouched  for  the  decent  character  of  these  shows,  as  they 
were  winnowed  out  before  engagement. 


The  Coliseum  night  shows  played  to  crowded  houses.  Scarcely  a  night 
did  accommodations  suffice  to  hold  those  who  willingly  paid  an  extra 
half  dollar  to  see  these  arena  performances.  A  little  horse  show  was 
sandwiched  in,  together  with  contrasting  exhibitions  of  the  Morris 
six-horse  team,  and  the  Heyl  six-in-hand  of  Shetland  ponies,  hitched  to 
a  miniature  truck — a  novel  and  entertaining  feature.  The  unusually 
high  class  of  horses  in  harness  and  under  saddle  permitted  some  very 
interesting  events  which  were  judged  as  a  part  of  the  Coliseum  night 
programs.  The  arena  was  beautifully  lighted  and  handsomely  decorated 
with  flags  and  bunting,  and  enlivening  music  was  furnished  in  abun- 
dance. While  the  grandstand  at  the  race  track  was  packed  each  night 
with  people  who  viewed  the  special  attractions  which  ended  with  fire 
works,  the  Coliseum  also  drew  overflowing  houses.  As  money-makers 
these  night  attractions  have  so  thoroughly  proved  themselves  that  the 
student  of  such  exhibitions  wonders  that  any  state  fair  has  so  far  lagged 
behind  the  procession  as  to  fail  to  incorporate  them  in  its  program. 


The  racing  was  very  entertaining.  The  half  mile  track  breaks  no 
records,  but  the  events  were  races,  not  processions,  and  the  crowd 
greatly  enjoyed  them.  Specialty  acts,  including  airships  that  sailed 
beautifully,  separated  the  races,  and  there  was  something  on  the  carpet 
every  minute  in  front  of  the  grandstand. 


The  gate  receipts  at  this  fair  ran  uniformly  ahead  of  last  year.     The 
weather  was  of  the  regulation   corn   brand.     The  furnace     seven  times 


742  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

heated  may  have  been  hotter;  if  so  Shadrach  and  the  rest  of  them  must 
have  been  a  trifle  scorched.  But  the  heat  was  badly  needed  to  mature 
the  wonderful  corn  crop,  and  so  all  smiled  and  perspired.  A  shower 
broke  on  Monday  morning  but  people  were  well  out  at  the  grounds  before 
it  came.  Wednesday  carried  the  threat  of  rain  most  of  the  day,  but  gate 
receipts  were  seemingly  not  affected.  At  this  early  writing  nothing 
definite  as  to  financial  outcome  can  be  submitted,  but  the  first  half  of 
the  week  certainly  brought  gratifying  returns  to  the  state  fair  coffers. 


The  live  stock  departments  were  numerously  filled.  This  story  will 
be  developed  somewhat  in  detail,  but  in  brief,  numbers  held  up  well, 
although  in  a  few  sections  the  absence  of  leading  breeders  and  im- 
porters caused  a  lowering  of  the  average  excellence.  Horses  occu- 
pied the  Coliseum  arena  in  the  morning  and  cattle  in  the  afternoon,  so 
that  the  dangerously  congested  condition  witnessed  in  the  arenas  of 
some  state  fairs,  when  both  cattle  and  horses  are  in  the  arena  simul- 
taneously, was  absent.  The  judging  for  the  most  part  presented  the 
conclusions  of  trained  men  and  was  largely  accepted  without  murmur  by 
exhibitors.  The  entire  record  of  this  show  was  creditable  alike  to  the 
management  and  the  exhibitors  who  contributed  to  one  of  the  most 
satisfying  fairs  ever  held  in  the  cornbelt. 

THE     SHORT-HORNS. 

Exhibitors  were  plentiful  enough  and  top  entries  appeared  in  all  rings, 
although  the  sensation  of  numbers  usually  seen  in  this  arena  was  want- 
ing. It  was  largely  an  Iowa  show,  although  Wisconsin,  Illinois,  Mis- 
souri, Nebraska  and  Kansas  breeders  also  made  entries.  Some  splendid 
cattle  were  forward,  but  in  many  classes  after  the  tops  were  sorted  the 
average  of  excellence  dropped  off  rather  sharply.  The  absence  of  a 
number  of  the  most  prominent  herds  of  recent  years  occasioned  a  gap 
among  the  real  good  ones  that  was  plainly  noticeable.  Very  few  com- 
mon ones  were  shown;  nearly  all  the  entries  were  of  useful  character 
and  most  of  them  well  conditioned,  but  candor  compels  the  comment 
that  the  exhibit  as  a  whole,  did  not  rank  with  the  great  shows  on 
these  grounds  in  recent  years. 

It  fell  to  A.  J.  Ryden,  Abingdon,  111.,  to  make  official  choice  of 
candidates  for  honors,  and  his  work  lined  up  largely  with  the  prevailing 
sentiment.  In  one  or  two  classes  there  was  a  very  active  "post  mortem" 
by  ringside  talent  after  the  ribbons  were  tied. 

THE    BULL    CLASSES. 

Diamond  Goods  from  Missouri  successfully  coped  with  imported  White 
Star  among  the  company  of  aged  bulls.  This  son  of  Good  Choice  is  some- 
what of  a  wonder  in  his  way.  He  is  so  extremely  wide  and  deep  that  he 
looks  more  of  a  "chunk"  than  he  really  is.  His  weight  is  quite  sufficient 
as  a  three-year-old  and  in  his  massiveness,  his  trueness  of  outline  and 
set  of  underpinning  the  bull  commands  profound  respect.  The  thickness 
of  this  bull,  the  smoothness  with  which  he  is  covered,  the  heft  of  hind 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XHI      743 

quarter  and  the  general  balance  give  him  prominent  place  in  any  com- 
pany of  the  latter  day  bulls.  White  Star  charms  with  his  front,  but  fails 
somewhat  by  comparison  with  his  rival  in  hind  quarter  and  hind  legs. 
Scotch  Avon  is  a  strong  thick  rather  upstanding  roan.  Sultan  Stamp, 
the  white,  differentiated  the  type  in  the  two-year-olds  rather  strongly. 
Count  Avon,  on  the  more  "Scotchy"  order,  moved  up  the  line  until  he 
encountered  Type  and  then  he  stopped.  Such  scale  as  Sultan  Stamp 
carries  is  not  often  seen.  From  his  nose  to  his  hips  he  is  decidedly  im- 
pressive, and  with  his  difference  in  type  it  looked  like  first  or  nowhere. 
Count  Avon  has  the  advantage  of  him  in  hind  quarters.  He  is  certainly 
a  most  taking  sort,  low,  wide,  well-fleshed  and  nicely  finished,  with  full- 
fashioned  rounds  and  an  attractive  way  of  standing  squarely  on  his 
pins.  King  Cumberland  2d  is  a  real  blocky  one,  and  barring  a  little 
plainness  at  the  tail  head  is  very  even.  The  roan  Corrector  certainly 
has  scale  to  commend  him,  ranking  in  this  respect  with  the  head  of  the 
class. 

The  roan  senior  yearling  Gloster  Fashion  never  was  headed  after  he 
set  foot  in  the  arena.  He  walked  in  a  winner  and  this  finely  colored 
roan,  with  his  ample  size,  palpable  substance  and  grand  top  seems  facing 
a  career  full  of  distinction.  Silver  Sultan  has  a  lot  of  stretch  to  him 
and  he  is  deep,  but  scarcely  so  well  rounded  in  rib  as  the  one  ahead  of 
him.  Gay  Lord  carries  less  scale  but  more  evenness.  The  junior  year- 
lings were  not  the  strongest  class  in  the  show.  The  senior  bull  calves 
mustered  nearly  a  score,  quite  uniform  in  merit  and  decidedly  useful  in 
type.  Gloster  Mine,  the  leader,  is  a  very  shapely  roan,  with  level  lines 
and  a  good  crest,  but  failing  of  the  depth  shown  by  Cumberland's  Pride. 
This  latter  is  a  real  sappy  one,  heavy  ended  and  full  flanked  and  well 
spread  through  the  chine.  The  tidy  well-spread  youngster  Village  Cum- 
berland, quite  evenly  turned,  was  at  the  top  of  the  junior  calves,  followed 
by  Scotch  Goods,  a  longer-bodied  and  higher-up  calf,  with  attractive  level- 
ness.      The  square-ended  Clipper  Stamp  was  in  the  fighting. 

THE   FEMALE   SECTION. 

When  imported  Fair  Start  2d  was  passed  up  to  premier  honors  among 
the  cows,  the  remainder  of  the  company  did  not  long  detain  the  judge.  This 
familiar  roan  cow  shows  a  little  evidence  of  show  yard  service,  but 
withal  is  fairly  fresh  and  extremely  comely,  with  charming  feminine 
character.  Her  excellence  through  the  foreribs  is  rarely  equaled.  New 
Year's  Delight  is  showing  a  most  attractive  front,  but  wants  somewhat 
in  the  hind  quarter.  One  or  two  real  "double  deckers"  were  in  this  com- 
pany. The  two-year-olds  were  much  more  impressive  in  their  average 
character.  The  roans  Mary  Ann  of  Oakland  2d  and  Queen  Mildred  car- 
ried honors  for  the  Illinois  herd.  Whatever  may  have  been  the  rating 
of  these  heifers  heretofore,  their  present  form  made  the  judge's  preference 
for  the  Glenbrook  Sultan  heifer  a  rather  self-evident  proposition.  She 
is  swinging  an  udder  of  remarkable  size  for  so  thick  and  fat  a  heifer. 
Mildred  preserves  her  blockiness  and  with  her  mate  makes  a  strong  pair. 
Sultan's  Aconite  meets  you  most  attractively  and  there  is  a  depth  and  a 


744  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

breadth  of  top  that  pleases.  Mildred  of  Oakland  had  no  difficulty  in 
topping  the  class  of  senior  yearlings,  as  in  her  shape,  size  and  substance 
she  presented  undeniable  claims. 

Quite  likely  the  best  class  of  the  females  was  the  junior  yearlings  and 
here  they  fell  out  as  to  relative  excellence.  The  big  upstanding  wide- 
topped  roan  Her  Excellence  stopped  down  third  in  the  row,  but  she 
had  warm  friends  for  best  honors.  The  type  of  78th  Duchess  of  Gloster, 
a  real  rolly-polly  and  ripe,  is  apt  to  win  favor  even  as  against  more 
scale  and  spread.  Touch  Me  Not  is  off  the  same  piece,  only  a  little  more 
of  length  and  height,  so  that  it  was  suggestive  a  trifle  of  a  step  ladder 
in  the  upward  tendency  from  the  first  to  the  third  prize  heifer.  One  of 
the  low-down  type  came  forward  among  the  capital  senior  heifer  calves, 
15  in  numbers,  and  79th  Duchess  of  Gloster  kept  a  blue  ribbon  in  Iowa. 
She  is  a  choice  lass,  close  pressed  by  Sittyton  Anna,  a  calf  of  splendid  ribs 
and  loin,  but  a  trifle  higher  up.  From  the  Anoka  pair.  Spicy  of  Anoka 
was  chosen  for  third  honors,  and  she  is  shapely  and  well  fleshed,  but  the 
attractively  lined  white  Fancy  Mine  will  need  watching  as  she  matures. 
Bonnie  Cumberland  8th  is  off  the  same  piece  as  her  senior  stall  mate. 
She  held  the  best  place  in  the  line  of  15  juniors,  and  pleased  with  her 
rotundity  and  character.  Hill  Krest  Lassie  stood  above  the  red  nugget 
Victoria  of  "Wayside,  but  the  latter  had  strong  points  for  a  little  more 
favor. 

The  group  competitions  brought  out  their  usual  features  of  interest, 
while  the  championships  held  close  attention.  Diamond  Goods  made  his 
way  through  the  lists,  and  emerged  a  very  creditable  grand  champion 
at  this  fair. 


THE    HEREFORDS. 


The  honors  for  uniformity  of  excellence  of  the  highest  class  palpably 
lay  with  the  Herefords  on  these  grounds.  Numerically  the  exhibit  ranked 
well  with  the  most  notable  opening  shows,  and  from  a  critical  standpoint 
it  was  generally  conceded  that  never  had  toppers  been  in  more  plentiful 
supply  in  any  breed  at  an  Iowa  fair.  Rarely  has  this  breed  disappointed 
its  supporters  in  its  exhibition  form.  Some  years  have  witnessed  a 
waning  of  interest,  but  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  the  "white- 
faces"  have  been  reliably  counted  on  to  furnish  sensational  features  in 
the  beef  cattle  section.  Never  has  the  traditional  record  of  the  breed 
been  more  stoutly  sustained.  The  Des  Moines  exhibit  goes  into  history 
as  one  of  the  most  impressive,  most  stoutly  contested  and  cleanest  shows 
the  breed  has  made  in  America. 

The  exhibitors  are  entitled  to  the  credit  for  this  demonstration,  re- 
vealing in  all  respects  a  spirit  of  harmony  that  makes  for  push. 

Awards  were  recorded  at  the  direction  of  Frank  W.  Van  Natta,  Fowler; 
Ind.,  one  of  the  most  successful  breeders  and  extensive  exhibitors,  and 
he  had  plenty  of  problems  of  a  distracting  character,  which  he  solved 
from  a  well  seasoned  point  of  view. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  745 

THE   BULLS. 

The  fight  was  on  from  the  first.  The  seven  aged  bulls  saluted  like 
gladiators  and  revealed  a  wealth  of  character  and  flesh.  The  class  was 
finally  headed  by  the  old-time  winner  Fairfax  16th,  which  has  come  into 
a  real  sensational  form,  approached  from  the  standpoint  of  scale,  char- 
acter, wealth  of  flesh  and  smoothness  from  end  to  end.  He  ran  a  winning 
race  to  the  grand  championship,  every  inch  of  the  way  hotly  contested. 
Standard  is  closer  to  the  ground  and  a  wide  and  bulky  one,  somewhat 
mellower,  but  wanting  the  finish  of  hind  quarter  which  rounds  out  the 
strength  of  the  Missouri  bull.  Tippecanoe  carries  the  most  scale  of  the 
three  and  is  an  impressive  bull,  but  fails  somewhat  in  spring  of  forerib 
compared  to  the  two  set  above  him.  Beau  Sturgess  2d  carries  a  hind 
quarter  of  remarkable  shape  and  weight.  They  came  strong  as  the  show 
progressed.  An  undeniable  head  among  the  two-year-olds  was  Prince 
Perfection  and  this  is  high  praise  when  his  chief  rival,  Corrector  Fair- 
fax, is  considered.  Rarely  has  so  big,  bulky,  smooth  and  even  a  two- 
year-old  been  accounted  to  the  credit  of  the  breed  as  Prince  Perfection, 
and  with  all  his  beef  he  carries  a  world  of  Hereford  character.  Corrector 
Fairfax  lacks  his  size  and  bulk,  but  is  a  flash  one,  with  impressive  head 
and  crest,  the  most  level  lines  and  a  taking  rotundity.  The  senior  year- 
lings, led  by  Graceful  Lad  3d,  marked  a  spot  where  excellence  suffered 
a  slight  set-back,  but  the  standard  by  which  they  were  compared  was 
high.  The  ten  juniors  made  more  impressive  bows,  following  the  lead  of 
Prizewinner,  which  commands  supreme  respect  for  his  spread  of  frame 
and  strength  at  both  ends.  He  carries  hindquarters  of  unusual  heft  and 
fleshing,  and  his  weight  is  smoothly  disposed.  Straight-lined  and  some- 
what more  upstanding  is  Beau  Fairfax,  with  a  bull  head  and  neat  tail 
finish.  The  senior  bull  calves  held  material  of  much  promise,  and  found 
a  leader  in  Repeater  7th,  which  sent  the  third  of  the  possible  half-dozen 
blue  ribbons  among  the  bulls  to  the  Harris  herd.  The  top  notcher  among 
the  juniors  was  found  in  Duke  Real,  much  on  the  "dumpling"  order. 

THE  FEMALE  CLASSES. 

Much  of  show  yard  history  was  represented  in  the  company  of  cows. 
They  were  fresh  indeed  considering  the  campaigning  to  which  some  of 
them  had  been  subjected.  When  Mr.  Van  Natta  had  lined  them  up  and 
found  Prime  Lady  2d  close  at  the  top  ranged  alongside  the  champion 
Scottish  Lassie,  he  requested  to  be  relieved  of  the  decision  as  he  had 
sold  the  Prime  Lady  2d  to  the  Indiana  exhibitors  at  the  top  price  of  his 
dispersion  sale.  By  agreement  of  Messrs.  Van  Natta  and  Mr.  Cudahy 
the  claims  of  the  contestants  were  referred  to  Charles  Escher,  Jr.,  for 
adjustment.  Prime  Lady  2d  brought  into  the  ring  the  pledge  of  her 
usefulness,  while  Scottish  Lassie  left  at  home  a  calf  of  about  the  same 
age.  The  champion  of  the  past  two  years  becomes  the  champion  of  the 
opening  exhibition  of  this  season,  according  to  the  decision.  Scottish 
Lassie  is  just  the  same  as  ever,  only  more  matronly.  In  her  symmetry 
and  flesh  and  finish  she  presents  a  strength  that  has  acquired  for  her  un- 
precedented show  yard  honors.    The  wide-ribbed  Prime  Lady  2d  is  broader 


746  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

of  top  and  very  attractive  in  her  finish.  Gay  Lass  5th,  with  her  bulk 
and  bloom,  looked  a  winner  in  almost  any  company  and  Princess  16th, 
in  taking  form  and  finish,  has  not  been  accustomed  to  ratings  so  far 
down.  Lady  Fairfax  4th  is  grandly  topped  and  heavily  fleshed.  The 
dozen  two-year-olds  made  most  unseemly  contention  uphead.  It  ended 
with  Perfection  Lass  in  top  place.  This  straight  and  round  barreled 
heifer  is  finely  finished  and  presented  few  "holes."  The  sharpest  fighting 
was  with  Disturber's  Lassie  4th  which  stood  a  trifle  taller  and  carries 
more  depth.  Amy  Folly  is  low  enough  and  carries  a  great  top.  The 
ten  senior  yearlings  developed  a  cap  sheaf  in  Donald  Lass  9th,  of  the 
sweetest  femininity  and  most  attractive  spread  of  loin.  Princess  Re- 
peater was  her  stoutest  opponent  for  chief  honors. 

The  junior  yearlings  numbered  eleven  and  the  Cudahy  cattle  again  took 
up  the  running  with  Celandine  2d,  so  like  the  type  of  the  former  winners 
from  this  herd  that  description  is  unnecessary.  Miss  Peerless  Fairfax  is 
heavy  ended,  neat  about  the  hips  and  level  topped,  while  Folly  Bird  is 
burlier  throughout.  The  senior  heifer  calves  included  only  a  few  among 
the  flfteen  that  could  not  be  classed  as  prime.  Pearl  Donald,  shapely, 
round-ribbed,  straight,  completed  a  series  of  victories  for  the  Cudahy  cattle 
which  sent  into  the  ring  for  the  herd  prize  an  unbroken  line  of  blue- 
ribbon  cattle — a  condition  without  precedent  in  the  recollection  of  the 
oldest  "railbirds."  Miss  Gay  Lad  7th  is  egg-like  in  her  modeling,  and 
full  fleshed  in  the  rounds.  Until  the  ribbons  were  hung  she  stood  at  the 
top,  and  the  rating  was  generally  accepted.  It  is  likely  that  the  decision 
which  turned  her  down  found  least  favor  among  onlookers  of  any  that 
Mr.  Van  Natta  rendered.  Nine  fat  furry-coated  babies  had  a  most  de- 
cided head  in  Miss  Repeater  11th,  the  nugget  of  the  show.  She  is  several 
kinds  of  a  wonder  in  her  spread,  and  her  weight  of  smooth  milk  fat. 
Gertrude  Fairfax  has  more  scale  and  is  taller,  with  splendid  turn  of  top, 
but  not  so  full  fashioned  in  the  hind  end. 

The  championship  was  fought  out  between  Fairfax  16th  and  Prince 
Perfection  and  was  a  battle  royal.  Rarely  has  any  breed  presented  so 
impressive  a  contest.     The  decision  left  the  younger  bull  to  bide  his  day. 


THE  ABERDEEN-ANGUS. 

Somewhat  smaller  in  number  than  usual  and  by  no  means  up  to  the 
general  average  of  merit  displayed  by  this  breed  for  many  years  at  this 
fair,  is  the  summary  of  the  situation  in  this  section.  It  is  a  long  cam- 
paign from  the  last  week  of  August  to  the  first  week  in  December  and 
many  an  animal  that  wanted  somewhat  of  condition  at  this  time  will 
be  presented  at  the  International  in  scarcely  recognizable  form.  The 
younger  classes  carried  considerable  promise,  especially  among  the  fe- 
males.   The  awards  were  made  by  C.  J.  Martin,  Churdan,  la. 

The  smooth  Kloman  was  the  leader  among  the  aged  bulls,  although 
he  lacks  the  strength  and  masculinity  desired  in  such  a  winner.  Erwin 
C.  is  deeper  bodied  and  quite  smooth  of  top.  Everblack  possessed  the 
greatest  scale  and  flesh  and  barring  a  somewhat  prominent  shoulder  was 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XHI 


747 


quite  smooth.    The  bull  classes  were  not  particularly  impressive,  although 
something  will  doubtless  come  of  some  of  the  youngsters  in  time. 

The  low  wide  round  Barbara  Woodson  was  found  for  the  blue  ribbon 
among  the  matrons,  and  went  through  to  the  champinship.  The  massive 
Barbara  McHenry  24th  was  better  fitted  in  type  for  this  honor,  although 
not  quite  so  fresh.  Eileen  of  Alta,  that  was  placed  second,  has  not  the 
finish  of  hindquarter  to  qualify  her  for  such  a  position,  although  low  set. 
The  two-year-olds  afforded  much  greater  satisfaction  in  their  appearance 


PRIZE  WINNING  ANGUS  BULL 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 


as  they  sent  forward  as  usual  the  best  class  of  the  exhibit.  As  Mr. 
Martin  had  bred  three  of  the  entries  awards  in  this  class  were  made  by 
E.  T.  Davis.  Blackcap  McHenry  84th  and  Blackcap  McHenry  88th  were  on 
tlie  list  in  the  order  named,  the  former  a  growthy,  wide  and  thick- 
fleshed  heifer,  of  no  little  smoothness,  and  the  latter  wanting  somewhat 
in  scale  and  thickness  in  comparison  with  her  mate.  Abbess  of  Alta 
is  a  deep  and  shapely  heifer.  The  McHenry  cattle  scored  again  in  the 
same  positions  among  the  senior  yearlings  and  the  same  comments  apply. 
Metz  Blackbird  is  a  nicely  topped  lass.      The  juniors  were  few  in  num- 


748  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

ber,  and  were  led  by  a  McHenry  entry.  The  senior  calves  aroused  some 
enthusiasm  and  Pride  McHenry  108th  was  clearly  the  winner,  as  she  is 
rounded  out  well.  A  few  real  "wee"  ones  appeared  among  the  junior 
calves,  the  winner  being  the  shapely  Blackcap  of  Alta. 


THE    GALLOWAYS. 


Classes  of  moderate  numbers  but  brimming  full  of  quality  beef  came 
before  Charles  Escher,  Jr.,  the  judge  of  Galloways.  The  breed  made  an 
excellent  showing,  for  the  average  character  of  the  cattle  was  on  a 
high  plane  and  there  were  no  inferior  or  very  thin  animals  to  detract 
from  the  favorable  impression  the  exhibit  created. 

Straub  Brothers  started  the  winning  with  the  big  thick-fleshed  smooth 
three-year-old  bull  Marquis,  a  more  masculine  impressive  type  of  a  sire 
than  his  one  competitor.  They  showed  an  outstanding  winner  in  the 
next  class.  This  bull  Choicemaster  resembles  Marquis  in  type  and  is  a 
son  of  the  noted  sire  Captain  4th  of  Tarbreoch.  The  Hechtner  entry 
has  considerably  more  substance  than  the  Huff  bull.  There  were  half 
a  dozen  good  yearlings,  of  which  the  level  fleshy  smooth  Casino  was  se- 
lected for  the  blue  ribbon.  He  is  larger  and  wider  than  his  nearest  rival. 
The  third  bull  Prince  Favorite  is  level  and  growthy  but  lacks  flesh  at 
present.  A  wonderfully  solid,  thickly  covered  little  fellow  named  Minnie's 
Favorite  was  brought  to  the  front  from  the  Hechtner  herd  among  the 
four  senior  bull  calves.  He  is  also  lower  set  and  more  pleasing  in  char- 
acter than  the  larger  Monarch  5th.  Handsome  4th,  the  winner  among 
the  juniors,  is  a  very  growthy  meaty  straight-backed  youngster.  There 
was  a  beautiful  line-up  of  stately  shaggy  matrons  with  Ladylike  declared 
the  winner.  As  a  low  wide  level  beef  type  she  leaves  little  to  be  desired 
and  is  extra  strong  in  hindquarters.  She  is  of  wider  mold  than  the 
next  one  and  both  of  these  are  stronger  of  top  line  than  the  third.  Some 
excellent  heifers  appeared  in  subsequent  classes. 


THE  POLLED  DURHAMS. 

There  was  not  a  large  exhibit  of  Polled  D'urhams  but  the  entries  had 
been  selected  with  discrimination  reflecting  alike  the  success  of  breeders 
and  a  pride  in  their  productions.  The  awards  were  made  by  E.  R. 
Silliman,  Colo,  la. 

Only  two  aged  bulls  appeared,  and  The  Baron,  a  son  of  The  Confessor, 
is  the  larger,  wider  and  smoother.  Mr.  Miller's  roan  two-year-old  Sultan's 
Creed,  beefy  and  full  of  character,  headed  the  next  class  handily.  The 
Achenbach  senior  yearling,  big  and  level  of  top,  headed  his  class,  and  the 
Miller  junior  yearling  Brawith  Mint,  one  of  the  big  sappy  sort,  beat  the 
smooth  dressy  Illustrator.  More  rivalry  developed  in  the  senior  calf  class, 
where  the  mellow  meaty  straight-backed  Serene  Sultan  won  another 
blue  for  the  Miller  herd,  his  chief  opponent  being  the  big  Huntley 
calf  Red  Champion,  built  on  a  less  level  pattern  but  wide  in  the  hind 
rib   and   thighs.     He   carried   more   flesh   than   the   third   one.     A  very 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  749 

growthy  junior  calf  was   shown  successfully  by  Mr.   Jennings   although 
not  so  neat  and  solid  as  Mr.  Miller's  white  True  Sultan. 

Mr.  Miller  sent  in  two  cows  that  outclassed  their  rivals.  The  red 
Lady  Marshall  carries  a  world  of  flesh  on  a  frame  of  ample  spread, 
although  Wanderer's  Trophy  is  of  a  tidier  pattern,  very  straight-lined 
and  wide.  The  white  Miller  two-year-old  Lady  Confidence  is  another  of 
the  blocky  sort  and  much  smoother  of  flesh  than  the  thick  Queenly.  In 
senior  yearlings  the  Miller  entry  Capacious  Sultana,  as  her  name  im- 
plies, has  an  advantage  in  size  and  breadth  as  well  as  in  finish.  The 
attractive  Sultan  of  Anoka  character  also  distinguished  the  Miller  calf 
Lady  of  Quality  although  she  is  scarcely  so  smoothly  turned  as  the 
lighter  fleshed  Malvina. 

THE    RED    POLLS. 

Never  in  the  history  of  the  fair  has  the  public  been  treated  to  such 
an  illuminating  presentation  of  the  merits  of  Red  Polls.  The  breed 
stood  third  in  numerical  representation  on  the  ground.  Always  before 
there  has  been  considerable  divergence  in  type  and  there  has  commonly 
been  a  rear  delegation  of  sub-standard  merit.  Surprising  uniformity 
of  pattern  prevailed  throughout  the  classes,  when  the  fact  is  considered 
that  the  dual-purpose  ideals  of  the  breed  demand  a  combination  of  char- 
acters. The  breeders  have  made  great  advances  in  the  last  few  years, 
and  this  show  marks  a  culmination  of  efforts  doubtless  destined  to  bear 
much  fruit.  The  results  are  evident.  Straight  backs,  wide  level  hind 
quarters,  deep  middles,  and  neat  shoulders  constitute  a  foundation  which 
supports  a  wealth  of  flesh  in  the  dry  cows  and  bulls  and  swings  big 
soft  udders  swelling  to  capacious  dimensions  when  fresh.  There  was  no 
more  diflJicult  task  in  the  cattle  department  than  that  assigned  to  Prof. 
J.  W.  Wilson,  Brookings,  S.  D.,  of  picking  the  intermediate  type.  Among 
animals  unavoidably  presented  in  various  degrees  of  flesh  in  the  older 
female  classes  it  w^ould  test  the  judgment  of  a  master  breeder.  He  worked 
with  great  deliberation  but  close  students  of  the  breed  took  exception 
to  a  number  of  his  ratings,  which  left  some  animals  far  down  the  list 
merely  because  they  carried  a  bit  more  or  less  fat  than  others.  There 
was  a  w^ealth  of  good  material  from  which  to  pick  and  the  rivalry  of  ex- 
hibitors was  keen. 

The  typical  Teddy's  Best  scored  in  the  opening  tilt,  excelling  in  size, 
covering,  smoothness  and  capacity  of  middle  the  neat  Reno.  He  marched 
right  on  to  the  grand  championship.  Tlie  thin  Ruberta's  Goods  has 
an  exceptionally  dep  hind  rib.  In  the  two-year-old  class  a  big  smooth 
fat  one  appeared  named  Sir  William,  but  he  had  to  be  content  with  a 
position  below^  the  more  angular  Breadwinner.  The  senior  yearling  Paul 
excels  in  character,  quality  and  depth  and  stands  on  shorter  legs  than 
the  very  level  Jay  Rose  or  the  coarser  Luna  Lad  15th.  Considerable 
argument  arose  over  the  junior  yearling  class  of  ten  in  w^hich  two  sons 
of  Teddy's  Best  stood  flrst  and  fifth.  The  first  one  is  high  set,  deep 
chested  and  thinr  the  last  in  line  is  fat,  more  thrifty  and  shorter  of  leg 
although  lacking  somewhat  in  middle  capacity.  It  was  claimed  that  they 
should  stand  closer  together  in  such  company.     The  senior  calves  were 


750  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

led  by  a  beautiful  type  combining  a  fair  thickness  of  flesh  with  finish  and 
great  depth.  The  dozen  juniors  gave  the  judge  considerable  trouble. 
His  choice  finally  fell  on  a  rather  small  one  of  no  great  finish  of  back 
but  great  length  of  rib  and  a  good  hide,  while  a  rather  beefy  muscular 
one   came   next  and   a  growthy   thin   youngster   third. 

No  breed  could  boast  of  a  more  representative  class  of  aged  matrons. 
Several  have  been  patterns  of  the  breed  for  a  decade.  The  familiar 
figure  of  eleven-year-old  Cora,  winner  of  championships  in  former  years, 
was  conspicuous  for  the  immense  udder,  long  ribs  and  silky  quality 
combined  with  a  neatly  padded  frame  and  straight  topline  suggestive 
of  a  tendency  to  take  on  considerable  flesh  when  dry.  Fresh,  as  at 
present,  she  seemed  to  smack  a  little  too  much  of  dairy  appearance  to 
suit  the  judge  and  so  she  was  left  entirely  out  of  consideration.  Be- 
tween five-year-old  Lena,  six-year-old  Liza  and  seven-year-old  Inas  there 
was  close  competition  for  first  place.  Their  final  alignment  was  as 
named,  the  Clouss  entry  being  conspicuous 'for  her  neat  low-set  pattern 
and  large  though  not  very  shapely  udder.  She  won  the  grand  champion- 
ship. The  Arp  entry  Liza  is  larger  and  very  deep,  while  her  udder  even 
when  dry  shows  ample  extension.  Inas  carries  considerable  beef  but 
swings  a  good  milk  gland  also.  There  were  a  dozen  fine  two-year-old 
heifers,  and  the  blue  decoration  fell  naturally  to  the  very  typical 
Gazelle. 

A  very  close  class  appeared  with  the  call  for  senior  yearling  heifers 
and  at  the  next  call  a  lot  of  fourteen  exceptional  junior  yearlings  con- 
tinued the  judicial  difficulties.  The  big  sweet-faced  "breedy"  Ida  Loo 
boasts  of  such  great  udder  development  that  her  claims  seemed  un- 
deniable. Breed  character  is  also  stamped  plainly  on  the  deep  stately 
Pansy  with  which  the  Clouss  herd  annexed  the  chief  honor  in  senior 
calves.  Some  of  the  others  have  larger  udders.  The  showing  of  groups 
was  very  impressive.  Eight  herds,  including  forty  head,  fairly  filled 
one  side  of  the  arena  with   Red  Poll   splendor. 

THE    BEEF    STEERS. 

The  steer  show  was  small  in  number  of  entries  and  smaller  still  in 
the  number  that  reached  the  ringside.  However,  it  developed  a  grand 
champion  s^eer  in  Hazlett's  Hereford  calf  Blanco,  that  was  little  short 
of  sensational. 

The  Short-horn  classes  were  not  filled  until  the  calves  were  reached, 
but  the  Tietjen  winner  was  a  very  nice-typed  sappy  calf  that  showed 
at  a  disadvantage  from  a  week's  sickness.  L.  C.  Oloff,  a  new  steer 
exhibitor,  showed  a  junior  calf  in  beautiful  bloom  that  met  much  favor 
from  the  ringside.  He  lacked  somewhat  in  type  and  fell  to  third  place. 
The  grade  Short-horns  produced  a  good  steer  in  John  D.,  which  is  C.  A. 
Saunders'  two-year-old.  He  is  a  fieshy  fellow  and  nice-lined,  but  lacks 
somewhat  in  shoulder  covering  and  filling  of  outer  thighs.  He  made  a 
strong  bid   for  grand  champion,  however. 

W.  J.  Miller  showed  Angus  without  competition.  C.  A.  Tow  showed 
an  excellent  bunch  of  Herefords  but  had  all  he  could  do  to  handle 
the  Cassady  entries.      The  Hazlett  calf  was  the  pick  of  the  breed. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      751 

The  judges  from  each  breed  placed  the  grand  champion  ribbons  as 
a  committee.  There  was  much  less  friction  than  usual  in  such  cases 
and  the  awards  were  rapidly  made.  Frank  W.  Van  Natta  was  unable 
to  remain  and  J.  P.  Cudahy  took  his  place.  His  work  was  eminently 
stisfactory  and  adds  another  name  to  the  list  of  breeder  judges. 


THE  DAIRY  BREEDS. 

A  representative  exhibit  of  dairy  cattle  occupied  the  east  side  of  the 
arena  each  afternoon.  At  times  the  judges  were  working  on  five  breeds 
at  once  so  there  was  exceptional  opportunity  for  such  comparison  as 
onlookers  might  wish  to  make.  A  generally  close  adherence  to  utility 
dairy  standards  was  apparent  in  all  the  exhibits.  Lively  competition 
developed  in  most  of  the  classes,  with  several  exhibitors  contending. 
Ayrshires,  however,  were  shown  only  by  Adam  Seitz-  of  Wisconsin,  but 
the  excellence  of  his  cattle  was  so  strongly  in  evidence  that  their  ap- 
pearance in  the  ring  attracted  much  admiration. 

THE    HOLSTEIX-FEIESIAXS. 

Four  herds  of  Holsteins,  all  of  carefully  winnowed  material,  were 
sufficient  to  present  the  breed  in  a  favorable  light.  Familiar  showring 
victors  of  the  last  few  years  were  included  in  the  number,  and  the  re- 
mainder conformed  closely  to  the  same  high  standard  of  excellence. 
There  were  no  thick  shoulders,  short  ribs  nor  beefy  thighs.  Dairy  con- 
formation was  pronounced  throughout  each  class,  and  capacious  shapely 
udders  were  the  rule.  The  honor  of  passing  upon  so  distinguished  a 
company,  representing  the  upper  level  of  the  heaviest  milking  breed 
in  the  world,  was  conferred  upon  Dr.  M.  B.  Wood,  Mankato,  Minn.,  and 
he  went  about  his  work  with  evident  appreciation  of  its  responsibilities. 
On  the  whole  he  made  a  consistent  alignment  in  most  classes. 

The  sedate  massive  Rockdale  Perfection  De  Kol  proclaimed  in  the 
very  first  class  that  lowana  Farms  would  be  heard  from.  He  has  tre- 
mendous capacity  and  a  soft  hide.  Of  the  two  White  bulls  the  third- 
prize  winner  is  really  deeper  and  of  somewhat  more  attractive  type  than 
the  second,  although  the  latter  has  a  very  strong  back.  The  Nelson 
two-year-old,  although  rather  highset,  is  more  level  of  top  throughout 
than  his  opponent,  and  likewise  shows  better  finish.  With  yearlings  also 
the  Nelson  herd  was  successful,  but  in  the  older  calves,  Frank  White 
broke  into  prominence  with  a  very  stylish,  masculine,  deep  chested, 
velvet-skinned  youngster.  The  second  bull  is  of  less  vigorous  appearance 
but  has  a  great  middle.  A  growthy  calf  of  much  quality  won  among 
the  younger  calves. 

A  big  business-like  matron  carried  the  lowana  Farms'  standard  to 
the  front  of  the  aged  cow  class.  This  Lady  Ocean  Queen  De  Kol,  at  five 
years  of  age,  has  a  conspicuous  depth  of  middle  and  ample  spread  to 
her  shapely  udder.  The  cow  winning  second  place  for  Frank  White 
likewise  has  an  udder  of  great  size,  and  it  milks  out  to  a  very  soft 
texture.     Her  mate  coming  next  has  greater  abdominal  and  chest  capacity. 


752  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Among  the  three-year-olds  an  outstanding  winner  and  the  grand  cham- 
pion was  shown  by  Mr.  Nelson,  a  heifer  of  beautiful  front  and  form 
with  silky  quality,  shapely  udder  and  large  veins.  She  has  neater  thighs 
than  the  next  one  as  well  as  more  apparent  capacity  than  either  the  sec- 
ond or  third.  Seven  typical  two-year-olds  filled  their  class  nicely,  and  the 
victory  went  to  Frank  White  on  a  young  cow  that  has  already  produced 
84  pounds  of  milk  in  one  day.  As  might  be  expected,  she  has  a  huge 
mammary  system,  while  her  type  and  quality  are  of  the  best.  A  very 
promising  neat  heifer  came  next,  but  the  one  in  third  place  has  superior 
size  of  udder.  A  very  sweet  senior  yearling  of  lowana  Farms  was  brought 
out  in  rather  high  flesh  but  with  distinct  dairy  form  and  unusual  udder 
development  which  won  due  recognition.  Chief  honors  in  the  younger 
classes  went  to  the  White  heifers.  The  junior  yearling,  a  winner  at  Chi- 
cago last  fall  has  outstanding  form  and  udder.  In  a  class  of  sixteen 
good  calves  of  the  older  division  the  winner  had  an  advantage  in  breedi- 
,  ness  and  capacity  as  compared  with  her  chief  rival,  and  a  great  spread  of 
rib  also  distinguished  the  leading  junior  heifer. 

THE   JERSEYS. 

The  Jersey  classes  were  finely  filled  with  numbers  running  up  to  a 
dozen  and  over  in  some  of  the  younger  divisions.  Altogether  it  was  an 
exhibit  of  rare  merit.  Animals  of  showring  fame  were  plentiful  and 
great  families  were  represented.  W.  L.  Hunter,  Lincoln,  Neb.,  an  old 
time  exhibitor,  undertook  the  difficult  task  of  assigning  positions  in  the 
prize-list  and  at  times  found  some  little  dissent  from  his  views. 

The  famous  Stockwell's  Fern  Lad,  low-set,  very  deep,  spare  of  form 
and  stately  of  bearing  had  no  great  difficulty  in  following  up  to  the 
grand  championship  his  victory  in  the  initial  class.  His  chief  com- 
petitor among  the  aged  bulls  was  the  darker  aggressive  Beauvoir's  King, 
while  the  rather  fleshy  but  stylish  Combination  Golden  Prince  had  to  be 
content  with  third  place.  A  very  "breedy"  deep  chested  bull  of  extreme 
quality  got  to  the  top  among  eight  two-year-olds.  Viola's  Elmhurst 
Prince,  carrying  considerable  white,  headed  the  yearlings  by  reason  of  his 
evident  constitution  and  quality,  although  rather  shallow  of  flank.  Among 
the  yearlings  Western  King's  Chief,  a  stylish  typical  youngster  of  great 
depth,  only  won  fourth  although  many  would  have  rated  him  higher. 
There  were  ten  of  the  older  calves,  two  of  which  were  conspicuous  for 
excellence  of  type.  The  deep  quality  bull  won  first  place,  but  his  mate 
is  a  little  finer  of  shoulder  and  boasts  a  bit  more  character  of  head. 

Warder's  Proud  Beauty,  a  conspicuous  prize-winner  at  last  year's 
shows,  secured  the  premier  honors  among  eleven  matrons  and  finally  the 
grand  championship.  Her  extreme  depth  of  middle,  great  udder  of  the 
finest  quality,  enormous  veins  and  striking  breed  character  are  features 
that  brought  her  ahead  of  the  smaller  Couline,  which  has  a  very  shapely 
mammary  system  and  exquisite  countenance.  An  immense  udder  that 
milks  out  well  is  possessed  by  Golden  Maid's  Princess  Lady  and  she 
is  stronger  of  back  than  the  smaller  Kate's  Mabel.  The  seven  three- 
year-old  cows  furnished  a  pleasing  line-up  in  which  a  beautiful  form  and 
exceptional  udder  came  first,  a  deep  body,  short  legs  and  good  udder, 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      753 

second,  and  a  rather  light  middle  and  delicate  build,  third.  The  ten 
two-year-olds  furnished  some  discussion  because  the  two  logical  winners 
of  first  and  second  were  not  followed  more  closely  by  the  sweet  Rose 
Tulip's  Sultana  that  only  got  fifth.  She  is  of  capacious  build  and  has  a 
very  large  udder  with  nicely  placed  teats.  The  first  prize  for  senior 
yearlings  went  to  a  heifer  of  great  milk  gland  and  very  pleasing  type, 
although  rather  longer  of  leg  than  her  mate  winning  second.  Third 
prize  was  awarded  to  a  heifer  with  an  udder  cut  up  deeply  between 
the  quarters.  Some  favored  for  this  position  the  fifth  heifer,  a  very 
deep-bodied  sweet-fronted  youngster  of  beautiful  udder  development  al- 
though not  in  milk.  Even  more  mammary  expansion  perhaps,  although 
less  body  capacity,  is  possessed  by  the  fourth  heifer.  The  younger 
classes  brought  out  numbers  of  promising  sweet-faced  daintily  built 
heifers. 

THE    GUEENSEYS. 

Small  classes  of  Guernseys  occupied  the  attention  of  Prof.  W.  P. 
Forbes,  Lincoln,  Neb.,  in  the  distribution  of  ribbons.  Throughout  the 
lots  there  was  a  uniformity  of  type  and  refinement  of  character  seldom 
displayed  by  the  breed.  J.  H.  Williams  of  Wisconsin  and  Wilcox  & 
Stubbs  of  Iowa,  were  the  exhibitors,  and  deserve  credit  for  making  a 
favorable  showing. 

The  vigorous  deep-bodied  Holden  4th  had  no  competition  in  the  aged 
class  for  bulls.  His  herd  mate  Bob  Rihna  was  conspicuous  among  the 
two-year-olds  because  of  the  size,  constitution,  character  and  vim  he  dis- 
played. The  yearling  winner  has  a  very  long  rib,  is  very  open  between 
the  thighs  and  has  winsome  quality.  The  second  bull  is  of  more  muscu- 
lar build.  An  advantage  in  head  and  top  line  distinguished  Queen's 
Prince  in  the  senior  calf  class. 

A  very  good  class  of  cows  appeared,  bearing  ample  evidences  of  milk- 
ing capacity.  The  two  at  the  top  have  great  udders,  and  the  first 
carries  the  gland  higher  behind  although  she  is  somewhat  cut  up  be- 
tween the  quarters.  She  is  a  quality  cow  and  evidently  producing 
heavily.  Twin  two-year-olds  of  similar  type  secured  the  most  desirable 
positions  in  their  class  for  Wilcox  &  Stubbs,  and  the  same  exhibitors 
scored  second  and  third  on  a  pair  of  twin  senior  heifer  calves. 

THE    BROWN    SWISS. 

Three  herds  of  the  hardy  Swiss  dairy  breed  claimed  the  admiration 
of  the  ringside  and  of  Prof.  W.  P.  Forbes  who  tied  the  ribbons.  Allyn- 
hurst  Farm  and  H.  W.  Ayers  of  Wisconsin,  and  M.  T.  Anderson  of  Iowa 
made  the  exhibition.  In  some  cases  it  was  thought  by  ringside  critics 
that  a  trifle  too  much  emphasis  was  laid  upon  size  at  the  expense  of 
dairy   form. 

The  big  burly  typical  Zell  carried  off  chief  honors  among  the  bulls  as 
is  his  custom.  In  the  next  class  Myone  Boy  has  somewhat  more  dairy 
shape  than  the  winner  although  rather  on  the  leg.  The  yearling  Zell  A 
is  very  growthy  and  has  the  long  rib  of  his  famous  sire. 

48 


754  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Twelve-year-old  Upland  Cuma,  a  rugged  matron  of  tremendous  capacity 
and  heavy  in  calf,  had  a  close  call  when  pitted  against  the  sweet  spare 
long-ribbed  Arlene  which  came  out  with  an  udder  stretched  to  the  limits 
of  its  great  expansion.  A  little  too  much  leg  and  a  great  udder  are 
combined  in  Betty  Allynhurst,  while  her  chief  rival  among  the  three- 
year-olds  has  a  larger  bread  basket.  Somewhat  more  recognition  of 
dairy  type  would  have  been  secured  in  the  two-year-old  class  if  the  deep- 
flanked  Susan  Arrand  2d  had  been  placed  above  the  higher-set  although 
larger  winner.  Big  growthy  heifers,  boasting  character  and  mammary 
development,  won  the  chief  places  in  the  younger  classes.  Faithful  old 
Upland  Cuma  secured  the  purple  ribbon  among  the  females. 


WITH  THE  SWINE. 

Iowa  with  more  than  double  the  number  of  swine  of  any  other  state 
i^  w^ell  said  to  be  the  greatest  hog-producing  section  in  the  world.  This 
fact  may  help  to  account  for  the  size  and  quality  of  this  great  exhibit 
of  mortgage-lifters.  While  the  total  number  of  entries  was  about  700 
head  short  of  last  year  the  pens  were  comfortably  filled  with  2,116 
head,  representing  seven  different  breeds. 

This  shortage  was  due  to  the  small  crop  of  spring  pigs,  bad  weather 
getting  in  its  deadly  work  at  farrowing  time.  This  has  caused  many 
of  the  old-time  exhibitors  to  give  up  showing  altogether  this  year. 

The  quality  of  the  exhibit  w^as  up  to  the  standard  of  last  year  ex- 
cept in  case  of  spring  pigs  which  lacked  size  and  condition. 

The  Duroc-Jerseys  and  Poland-Chinas  were  first  in  numbers,  register- 
ing 894  and  722  head  respectively.  Interest  in  the  Poland-Chinas  cen- 
tered around  the  large  futurities  stakes  offered  this  year  which  brought 
out  over  one  hundred  head  of  classy  spring  pigs.  E.  S.  Barker  of  Iowa 
was  the  big  winner  in  this  class,  getting  the  three  firsts.  The  aged 
bear  prize  was  won  by  Model  Wonder  by  Smooth  Wonder  2d,  but  he 
lost  grand  championship  to  Robert's  junior  yearling  Model  by  Big  Knox, 
a  remarkably  smooth  boar  of  medium  type.  Grand  champion  sow  was 
won  by  Meharry  on  Louise  Model  by  Bartar's  Model,  a  sow  of  good 
medium  type  with  lots  of  quality.  Harvey  Johnson  was  slow  in  tying 
the  ribbons,  being  almost  sick,  but  continued  until  the  tying  of  cham- 
pionship ribbons  when  J.  M.  Stewart  was  called  in  to  take  his  place. 
He  adhered  to  a  type  having  big  frames.  Lovers  of  less  size  and  more 
quality  were  a  little  disappointed. 

The  Duroc-Jersey  entries,  while  nearly  tw^o  hundred  short  of  last 
year,  showed  the  usual  quality  and  high  standard  of  excellence  which 
characterizes  the  breed.  H.  F.  Hoffman  sorted  the  rings  which  were 
so  evenly  matched  that  quite  often  difference  of  opinion  easily  arose  on 
the  selection  of  the  winners.  On  the  whole,  pigs  with  backs  well  arched, 
deep  sides  and  well  finished  were  given  preference  over  size,  width  of 
body  and  good  feet.  -The  aged  boar  class  was  strong.  Many  had 
Harding's  Colonel  Gano  slated  for  first,  but  Prince  Educator  by  In- 
structor was  given  the  place  because  of  his  smoothness  and  finish.     He 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  755 

was  afterward  defeated  for  grand  championship  by  Waltemeyer's  High 
Model  by  Golden  Model  2d,  a  boar  with  a  well  arched  back  having 
plenty  of  size  and  a  good  pair  of  feet.  The  grand  championship  sow 
was  awarded  to  Davis  on  Chief  Maid  by  Valley  Chief,  a  good  service- 
able kind.  Where  smoothness  of  form  and  finish  counted  more  Hank's 
junior  yearling  Belle's  Model  would  have  won.  Junior  champion  sow 
was  given  to  Allen  on   a  Crimson  Wonder  Again  yearling. 

The  Chester  White  show  was  stronger  than  last  year  in  number  and 
quality  of  exhibits,  a  count  showing  550.  N.  H.  Gentry,  Sedalia,  Mo., 
judged  these  and  also  Berkshires  in  his  masterly  manner.  The  Hamp- 
shire show  was  also  large.  Five  years  ago  the  first  Hampshires  were 
granted  a  place  in  the  swine  department;  this  year  there  were  counted 
306  stripes.  The  exhibitors  were  very  enthusiastic  over  the  develop- 
ment of  this  breed.  The  Berkshire  entries  were  small  but  some  good 
ones  were  driven  out.  Rookwood  Farm's  champion  boar  Rival's  Cham- 
pion Best  was  a  good  one — smooth,  with  lots  of  quality  and  the  best 
of  feet.  Also  lowana  Farm's  Robin's  Girl,  grand  champion  sow,  was 
worthy  of  mention. 

Representatives  to  the  number  of  100  of  the  Yorkshire  and  Tam- 
worth  breeds  were  found  on  the  ground  and  judged  by  C.  C.  Roup. 


AMONG   THE    SHEEP. 

The  show  differed  somewhat  from  that  of  former  years  as  it  was 
more  of  a  test  of  results  of  breeding  sheep  at  home.  Usually  the 
exhibit  is  dominated  by  imported  sheep,  but  this  year  the  foot-and- 
mouth  disease  has  prevented  importations  and  the  American-breds  were 
left  largely  to  themselves  to  fight  out  the  various  classes.  With  this 
shortage  of  foreign  sheep  the  total  entries  were  practically  as  many  as 
last  year  which  shows  that  sheep  husbandry  in  this  section  is  on  the 
increase. 

The  place  of  some  of  the  old  exhibitors  who  have  retired  from  the 
business  was  filled  by  new  men,  several  from  Iowa  making  their  initial 
appearance  in  the  showring.  These  beginners  came  with  sheep  that 
they  were  not  afraid  to  enter  in  the  open  classes  and  while  lacking 
extreme  fitting  were  representatives  which  appeal  to  the  practical  sheep 
breeder.  These  men  are  producing  sheep  on  their  farms  at  a  profit  by 
utilizing  the  cheap  feeds  which  would  otherwise  be  wasted,  and  as 
people  are  comung  to  realize  the  advantage  of  substituting  mutton  for 
beef  on  their  tables  the  profits  will  increase  accordingly. 

Throughout  the  various  classes  with  both  the  mutton  and  fine  wools 
competition  was  keen,  the  sheep  showing  more  uniformity  of  type  than 
has  been  noticed  in  former  years. 

With  the  mutton  sheep  the  Shropshire  exhibit  was  the  largest  with 
about  200  head,  followed  by  ten  Oxfords  and  Hampshires.  The  Shrop- 
shire exhibit  brought  out  a  type  of  sheep  that  looked  good  from  the 
utility  standpoint,  having  plenty  of  size,  uniformity  and  quality. 


756 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


FIRST  GET  OF  SIRE,  OXFORDS 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 

J.  C.  Duncan,  Lewiston,  N.  Y.,  tied  tlie  ribbons  in  the  mutton  classes 
in  a  satisfactory  manner,  giving  McKerrow  &  Son  of  Wisconsin,  cham- 
pion ewe,  ram  and  flock  in  the  open  Shropshire  class.  E.  L.  Bitterman 
was  the  largest  exhibitor  and  winner  from  Iowa.  The  classes  in  the 
other  mutton  breeds  were  small  but  Hechtner's  exhibit  of  Oxfords  and 
Postle's  Southdowns  are  worthy  of  mention. 

This  year  brought  out  excellent  fine-wool  sheep  in  the  opinion  of 
Prof.  Miller  of  Montana  who  did  the  judging.  King  Bros,  of  Wyoming 
were  the  principal  winners  in  the  Rambouillet  classes  capturing  both 
the  champion  ewe  and  ram.  Cook  won  most  in  the  open  class,  with 
honors  in  the  Iowa  classes  evenly  matched  between  Blakely  and  Rail. 


THE  HORSE  DEPARTMENT. 

A  slight  contraction  in  numbers  was  evident  in  the  horse  department, 
owing  to  the  absence  of  a  few  prominent  exhibitors,  whose  lately  im- 
ported animals  could  not  be  made  ready  in  time  for  exhibition.  How- 
ever, only  the  older  stallion  classes  suffered  perceptibly  from  this  cause 
as  increasing  interest  on  the  part  of  American  breeders  resulted  in  a 
larger  showing  of  females  and  young  things.  It  was  the  general  opinion 
that  with  few  exceptions  the  average  character  of  the  entries  showed 
improvement  over  former  years.  Clydesdales  in  particular  made  the 
best  showing  the  breed  has  ever  enjoyed  at  this  fair,  and  many  of  them 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XHI      757 

were  bred  in  this  country.  In  fact,  each  breed  included  more  home- 
bred animals  in  the  open  prize-list  than  has  ever  before  been  the  case. 
All  along  the  line  it  was  a  breeders'  show  and  a  good  one. 

The  enlarged  horse  barn  accommodated  about  47  5  head  and  ex- 
hibitors expressed  much  appreciation  of  its  convenient  arrangement, 
ample  lighting  and  ventilation  facilities.  With  the  exception  of  two  or 
three  every  one  who  made  entries  was  on  hand  with  his  horses.  There 
was  some  decrease  in  numbers  of  animals,  however,  from  the  original 
entry  list  and  the  final  count  showed  775  head  in  the  stalls. 

From  a  popular  standpoint  probably  the  greatest  interest  was  found 
in  the  Morris  six-horse  team  which  made  daily  exhibition  drives  about 
the  grounds,  in  front  of  the  grandstand  and  in  the  pavilion.  Wherever 
these  horses  were,  whether  in  harness  or  in  their  stalls,  they  were  the 
center  of  a  crowd  of  admirers.  They  were  brought  out  in  fine  bloom 
and  shown  skillfully  by  Frank  Housley,  creating  a  favorable  impression 
for  the  draft  horse  and  for  the  Clydesdale  breed  which  they  represent. 

There  was  a  very  strong  delegation  of  ponies  and  light  horses,  and 
saddle  horses  in  particular  made  an  exhibition  that  would  be  hard  to 
excel  at  a  state  fair  anywhere.  The  most  disappointing  feature  of  the 
horse  events  was  the  necessity  for  judging  the  light  horses  mainly  at 
an  outdoor  track  sou'th  of  the  barns  where  comparatively  few  people 
could  see  to  advantage.  Such  classes  of  these  as  were  judged  at  the 
evening  performances  in  the  pavilion  were  the  chief  attraction  there. 

The  work  of  judging  progressed  smoothly.  Rules  excluding  visitors 
from  the  ring  were  more  fully  observed  than  formerly  and  Prof.  C.  F. 
Curtiss  and  his  able  assistants  called  the  classes  with  the  promptness 
for  which  this  fair  has  become  famous.  The  horse  department  was  a 
live  place  and  attracted  a  live  crowd  of  progressive  Iowa  breeders. 

THE   PERCHERONS. 

Percherons  of  course  attracted  most  attention.  It  was  largely  a 
breeders'  show  and  was  accordingly  all  the  more  highly  appreciated  by 
the  hundreds  of  Iowa  farmers  who  are  doing  their  farm  work  with 
Percheron  mares.  They  saw  here  what  others  like  themselves  have 
done  in  producing  horses  fit  to  show  anyhere.  The  futurity  classes  for 
yearling  Percheron  stallions  and  fillies  aroused  more  speculation  and 
comment  than  any  other  feature  of  the  show.  Likewise  in  the  open 
classes  the  American-bred  ones,  which  were  numerous,  were  closely 
watched.  Judging  by  the  tone  of  discussions  heard  about  the  ring, 
farmers  have  at  last  come  to  the  conclusion  that  there  is  no  reason  why 
they  cannot  raise  as  good  Percherons  in  the  cornbelt  as  anyhere  in  the 
world.  Some  are  doing  it  now,  and  the  number  of  those  thus  success- 
fully engaged  is  constantly  increasing.  When  Rosine  added  another 
open  championship  to  the  list  of  such  honors  which  H.  G.  McMillan  & 
Sons  have  won  with  American-bred  mares,  and  W.  S.  Corsa  headed  the 
open  classes  for  yearlings  with  colts  and  fillies  of  his  own  breeding  the 
efficacy  of  American  soil,  feed  and  brains  in  this  line  of  endeavor  was 
convincingly  demonstrated. 


758  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

To  Wm.  Bell,  Wooster,  Ohio,  was  entrusted  the  responsibility  of  assign- 
ing positions.  His  excellent  performance  of  a  difficult  task  serves  to 
increase  the  confidence  already  generally  expressed  in  his  discriminating 
knowledge  of  draft  horses.  On  the  futurity  classes  of  yearlings  he  was 
assisted  by  Peter  Hopley,  Lewis,  la. 

An  even  dozen  aged  stallions  faced  the  judge  in  the  first  class.  There 
was  not  a  great  surplus  of  fat  in  evidence,  but  the  spare  form  in  which 
most  of  the  candidates  appeared  aided  in  getting  at  the  genuine  merit  of 
the  horses.  In  most  cases  the  lack  of  flesh  was  due  to  heavy  breeding 
service  this  season.  A  very  stylish  high-headed  gray  came  to  the  top 
for  McMillan  &  Sons.  This  horse  Incruste  is  exceptionally  well  molded 
over  the  top,  has  a  neat  set  of  legs  and  goes  with  all  the  dash  one  could 
wish.  The  Truman  gray  Interprete  following  in  second  place  is  a  wide 
substantial  kind  v/ith  plenty  of  middle,  a  good  quality  of  bone  and  a  free 
easy  stride.  Seeley's  gray  coming  third  is  now  quite  thin  but  shows 
the  essentials  in  pleasing  fashion.  In  the  championship  contest  the  Mc- 
Millan gray  moved  even  better  than  on  the  first  day  and  won  a  notable 
victory. 

The  three-year  olds  numbered  sixteen,  and  a  very  strong  lot  they  were. 
The  judge  gave  plenty  of  examination  to  all  entries,  but  it  was  early 
apparent  that  the  winner  would  come  from  the  Dunham  lot.  Size  was 
more  conspicuous  there  than  elsewhere  and  it  was  well  supported  by  un- 
derpinning of  ample  strength.  The  largest-framed  colt  was  Dunham's 
black  Joujou,  a  son  of  Etudiant.  He  is  not  fat  but  possesses  a  pleasing 
balance  of  build,  bone,  quality,  step  and  style  that  are  hard  to  surpass. 
The  next  colt  has  perhaps  a  stronger  middle  but  he  also  carries  more 
flesh.  His  strong  chest,  good  quality  and  activity  at  the  end  of  the  line 
are  conspicuous  features  helping  to  land  him  a  notch  above  the  third 
Dunham  colt.  All  three  of  these  are  considerably  larger  than  the  fourth 
one. 

The  thirteen  two-year-olds  upheld  the  reputation  of  the  breed  for* 
early  maturity.  Size  was  conspicuous,  and  in  none  more  so  than  in  the 
Dunham  quartet  which  caught  the  ribbons.  These  are  all  colts  with 
plenty  of  stretch.  Their  frames  are  large  but  not  loaded  to  the  limit 
with  fat.  Some  others  unplaced  looked  a  little  lower-set  and  heavier 
for  their  inches  at  present,  but  balance  and  frame  gained  due  recognition. 
The  winner  Kourbet  is  a  powerful  dark  gray  having  a  chest,  back  and 
croup  of  exceptional  substance,  while  in  bone,  foot,  quality  and  action  he 
suits  a  critical  taste.  A  dressy  black  having  scarcely  so  much  middle  but 
very  strong  hindquarters  came  second  and  a  very  deep-chested  big-boned 
compact  black,  third.  This  colt  was  fortunate,  some  thought,  in  getting 
ahead  of  the  dark  gray  son  of  Calypso  named  Lunar — not  a  fat  one  but 
smooth  as  an  egg,  set  up  on  ivory-like  bone  and  going  with  great  style. 

The  greatest  interest  centered  about  the  class  of  seventeen  yearlings, 
all  American-bred  ones  and  most  of  them  brought  out  with  great  size  and 
fine  bloom.  The  entries  were  the  same  for  the  open  class  and  the 
futurity.  A  pair  of  Carnot  colts  found  their  way  to  the  head  of  the 
line  for  W.  S.  Corsa.  The  gray  Carlant  received  preference  by  reason 
of  his  exceptional  bone,   feet  and   quality  combined  with  a  great  heart 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      759 

girth  proclaiming  constitution  to  match  his  strong  underpinning.  He  is 
a  good  colt  at  both  the  walk  and  the  trot.  The  mate  Carbon,  a  black, 
is  scarcely  so  big  of  bone  but  has  more  width  and  levelness  of  croup 
and  more  style.  The  black  Matador  2d  from  the  McMillan  stable,  easily 
third,  is  a  colt  of  pleasing  finish  and  character,  although  not  quite  so 
large.  There  was  a  line-up  of  seven  fine  stallion  foals,  an  evidence  of 
the  breeders'  interest  in  the  show.  Positions  ran  about  as  the  sizes 
graduated  from  large  to  small.  A  black  youngster  of  much  "stretch"  of 
frame  won  the  blue  ribbon,  a  big  active  fellow  came  next  and  a  very 
"dressy"  gray  followed  in  third  place.  A  very  sturdy  stylish  young  foal 
by  Calypso  and  out  of  the  champion  mare  Rosine  excited  much  admira- 
tion although  the  judge  did  not  consider  him  developed  sufficiently  to 
gain  a  place  in  the  list. 

There  were  half  a  dozen  aged  mares,  all  of  creditable  stamp  and  some 
about  as  good  as  ever  stepped  in  a  sbpwring.  No  time  was  required  to 
detect  the  indisputable  claims  of  the  big  black  five-year-old  Rosine  by 
Olbert.  She  is  suckling  a  fine  young  foal  and  is  not  at  all  fat  but 
weighs  2,100  pounds.  Probably  no  mare  ever  stood  on  a  better  front  leg, 
and  her  hind  leg  is  also  extraordinarily  strong  and  clean.  Her  bone 
is  very  big  and  its  texture  like  steel.  A  powerful  build  distinguishes 
her  at  once  whether  viewed  from  in  front  or  behind,  and  she  trots  with 
an  ease  suggesting  tremendous  vitality  and  strength.  She  has  filled  out 
considerably  since  the  last  International  show,  when  she  stood  fourth  in 
a  splendid  class.  It  was  early  predicted  that  she  would  be  the  cham- 
pion and  she  fulfilled  expectations.  Some  importers  said  that  they  did 
not  see  her  equal  anywhere  in  France  this  year.  Her  mate  America, 
of  much  the  same  stamp,  is  also  a  rare  good  one,  somewhat  superior  in 
bone  to  the  big  fiash  gray  Gelive  brought  out  in  fine  form  by  Finch 
Brothers.  Seven  three-year-old  fillies  were  led  by  a  pair  of  well  matched 
upstanding  grays  from  the  Dannen  stable.  They  possess  bone,  quality, 
and  growthiness  to  an  unusual  degree.  The  two  McMillan  fillies  by 
Calypso  are  of  a  lower-set,  wider,  roomier,  sweeter  stamp,  but  not  so 
large.  The  half-dozen  two-year-olds  aroused  considerable  discussion.  The 
first  two  were  outstanding,  and  each  in  her  way  excelled.  The  Dannen 
entry  is  a  little  taller  and  heavier,  and  more  strongly  supported  below 
the  knee,  while  the  McMillan  entry,  much  on  the  same  stamp  as  her 
dam  Rosine,  is  wider,  sweeter  of  face  and  stronger  of  hock.  It  is  the 
only  instance  in  which  much  dissent  from  the  decisions  was  expressed. 
The  Finch  filly  is  a  good  big  one  but  thin. 

There  was  a  great  line-up  of  seventeen  home-bred  yearling  fillies  shown 
in  the  open  class  and  futurity.  Their  like  has  never  been  seen  in  a 
Percheron  showring  in  this  country.  When  they  had  all  been  examined 
and  moved  it  became  evident  that  Mr.  Corsa  would  secure  the  first  three 
positions,  but  some  shifting  about  was  done  before  these  daughters  of 
Carnot  were  lined  up  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  judges.  All  three  are 
distinguished  by  bone,  unusual  size  and  quality,  with  feet  to  match. 
Probably  Lottano  is  a  bit  the  heaviest,  and  she  has  a  sweeter  front  than 
Folito,  but  the  latter  is  stylishly  finished  and  excels  somewhat  in  hocks 
and  feet.     The  third  filly  is  possibly  more  muscular  than  either  of  these. 


760  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

It  was  a  great  victory  for  Carnot  breeding.  Genesee  Gem  came  out 
with  great  size  and  fine  form.  There  were  three  neat  filly  foals  pre- 
sented and  the  blue  decoration  fell  to  another  Carnot  filly,  a  very  mus- 
cular stylish  little  thing. 

By  winning  both  championships  in  the  open  classes  H.  G.  McMillan 
&  Sons  also  secured  both  Iowa  championships.  In  the  classes  for  animals 
bred  and  owned  by  exhibitors  they  were  also  successful  in  winning  both 
championships,  thus  making  six  championships  in  all.  This  is  a  record 
that  in  recent  years  has  not  been  equaled  at  this  fair. 

THE    BELGIANS. 

There  were  few  individuals  of  outstanding  excellence  among  the 
Belgians,  although  quite  acceptable  classes  were  in  most  cases  presented 
before  Alex.  Galbraith,  DeKalb,  111.,  for  positions  in  the  prize  list.  He 
demanded  well  fashioned  underpinning  and  clean  joints  and  feet,  and 
accordingly  found  it  necessary  to  turn  down  some  otherwise  good  in- 
dividuals. Some  exhibitors  felt  that  he  gave  scarcely  enough  recogni- 
tion to  the  distinctive  blocky  pattern  of  the  breed,  but  he  would  have 
done  so  had  more  good  material  been  available  for  selection.  In  the 
futurity  classes  he  was  assisted  by  J.  G.  Truman,  Bushnell,  111. 

A  heavy  wide  big-muscled  blue  roan  bore  off  the  first  blue  ribbon. 
This  stallion  of  the  Lefebure  lot  is  a  typical  Belgian  with  two  good 
ends  joined  by  a  thick  middle.  The  light  roan  shown  by  Charles  Irvine 
has  scarcely  so  much  weight,  bone  or  action,  but  silkier  quality.  The 
chestnut  coming  third  is  a  bit  stale  in  legs  but  has  the  bone  and  muscle 
denoting  great  strength.  At  the  trot  he  goes  with  exceptional  ease. 
The  sensation  of  the  older  stallion  classes  appeared  among  the  three- 
year-olds.  George  Eggert's  big  bay  colt  has  2,400  pounds  of  weight  with- 
out an  undue  amount  of  fat,  as  his  frame  is  very  large.  A  striking 
characteristic  is  the  knifelike  quality  of  his  big  bone  and  the  cleanness 
of  his  joints.  He  wears  No.  11  shoes.  In  action  he  gives  a  wonderful 
exhibition  of  harmonious  movement  for  so  large  a  colt.  The  stablemate 
coming  second,  is  of  true  Belgian  build  and  stamped  with  abundant 
quality.  A  very  likely  colt  if  in  condition,  came  third.  This  big  thin 
chestnut  D'anube,  has  been  sick,  and  so  did  not  appear  at  his  best,  but 
he  has  a  powerful  well  made  frame.  Among  a  dozen  two-year-olds  the 
thin  chestnut  Picha,  shown  by  Finch  Brothers,  was  conspicuous  for  his 
excellent  underpinning,  which  with  his  acceptable  action  resulted  in  se- 
curing chief  honors.  A  roan  of  more  substance,  strong  hocks  and  un- 
usually good  feet  came  next  for  Trumans,  excelling  in  underpinning 
the  other  roan  Finch  entry. 

The  futurity  was  judged  at  the  same  time  as  the  open  class  of  year- 
ling stallions  and  brought  out  some  excellent  colts.  The  second  futurity 
colt  was  not  in  this  open  class.  A  big  wide  chestnut  headed  the  lot  as 
finally  aligned.  Finch  Brothers  brought  him  out  displaying  great  sub- 
stance combined  with  a  well  preserved  quality  of  his  neatly  fashioned, 
cordy  legs.  Second  in  the  open  class  went  to  an  Irvine  colt  shown  in 
rather  light  flesh  but  made  right  from  the  ground  up. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      761 

Finch  Brothers  scored  a  victory  in  the  aged  mare  class  of  seven  with 
the  big  upstanding  roan  Laura,  shown  rather  gaunt  but  possessing  great 
propelling  muscles  and  ample  leg  timber  of  the  hardest  sort.  She  is 
stronger  in  back  than  the  bay  Flora,  but  both  of  these  are  excelled  in 
depth  of  middle  by  the  blocky  bay  Madam  2d  that  came  third.  The 
winner  of  the  next  class  is  also  rather  high  set  for  the  breed,  but  she  is 
the  largest  of  the  three-year-olds  and  has  exceptional  style  and  quality 
with  big  bone  and  strong  hocks.  The  Irvine  filly  is  of  distinct  blocky 
Belgian  mold,  very  wide  and  compactly  joined  together  but  her  great 
bone  has  not  such  knife-like  texture  as  that  of  the  small  neat  roan 
Albonie  shown  by  Mr,  Lefebure.  His  outstanding  chestnut  two-year-old 
Suzette  bore  off  the  blue  ribbon  in  her  class  of  ten.  Her  all-around 
balanced  drafty  pattern  and  finish  are  a  great  credit  to  American  breed- 
ing. A  substantial  roan  standing  on  strong  timber  came  next  for  Mr. 
French,  followed  by  a  strong-backed  bay. 

A  wide  bay  named  Elsie  won  first  among  the  eight  yearling  fillies 
which  were  also  shown  in  the  futurity.  She  has  great  muscular  develop- 
ment. Next  came  the  thin  chestnut  Lafleure.  Both  have  exceptional 
underpinning.  The  second  one  is  considerably  stronger  in  back  than 
the  third  one  in  line.  An  injured  ankle  causing  lameness  held  the 
sprightly,  beautifully  formed  Miss  Fosteau  down  to  fifth  place.  An 
upstanding  growthy  roan  foal  sired  by  Jupiter  secured  preference  among 
the  little  fillies  over  a  small  but  very  solid  muscular  youngster  that 
came  next. 

THE  CLYDESDALES. 

Clydesdale  breeders  were  out  in  full  force  with  a  collection  that  for 
numbers  and  excellence  has  never  been  equaled  at  this  fair.  Such  an 
exhibit  in  the  breeding  classes  combined  with  the  showing  of  the  Morris 
six-horse  team  to  display  the  merits  of  the  breed  to  best  advantage.  The 
showring  events  were  carefully  watched  by  studious  critics  of  under- 
pinning and  action,  and  tempting  offers  were  made  for  youthful  prize- 
winners. 

When  Wm.  McKirdy,  Napinka,  Man.,  reached  the  fair  grounds,  he  said 
he  felt  that  he  was  the  victim  of  a  conspiracy,  for  he  had  been  invited 
to  judge  a  small  show  of  Clydesdales  and  found  a  big  show  and  far 
better  horses  than  he  expected  to  see.  He  considered  the  showing  equal 
to  any  he  had  seen  in  western  Canada  this  season.  He  worked  carefully 
over  the  classes  and  rendered  few  decisions  that  were  not  sanctioned 
by  the  able  Scottish  critics  before  whom  he  worked.  On  the  futurity 
classes  he  was  assisted  by  Alex.  Galbraith,  DeKalb,  111. 

Galbraith  &  Son  had  the  honor  of  showing  the  four-year-old  brown 
Dreadnaught  to  victory  in  the  opening  class  of  the  Scotch  breed.  He 
is  a  horse  of  all-around  attractiveness  but  pleases  especially  with  his 
nice  "kits,"  great  bone  and  massive  build.  He  also  carries  himself  along 
with  acceptable  ease.  The  bay  Rinaldo  coming  next  for  Leitch  added 
another  notch  to  his  record  of  favorable  showring  appearances.  He  is 
perhaps  a  little  heavier  horse  than  the  winner  and  steps  along  well. 
Although  this  whole  class  made  a  good  impression,  people  were  hardly 


762  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

prepared  for  the  exceptional  ring  of  thirteen  three-year-olds  which  fol- 
lowed. Even  in  this  splendid  class  a  comparatively  easy  winner  was 
found  in  McLay  Brothers'  already  famous  King  Norman.  He  is  good 
from  top  to  bottom,  large  and  also  stamped  with  quality  all  through. 
His  trot  is  a  little  straighter  than  that  of  the  next  one.  This  brown 
from  the  Galbraith  stable  has  great  substance  of  top,  but  is  not  showing 
so  well  in  legs  as  the  light  bay  Prince  Cedric.  This  latter  is  a  nicely 
turned  colt  and  set  up  on  legs  to  delight  a  Scotchman.  His  style  and 
finish  are  quite  commanding  and  he  carries  more  flesh  than  the  Leitch 
colt. 

Seven  good  two-year-olds  made  competition  sufficient  to  excite  several 
views  as  to  their  placing.  There  was  not  much  doubt  about  the  rightful 
winner,  the  sensational  Osco  Pride.  He  is  not  the  largest  colt  but  is  a 
veritable  Hackney  in  action,  and  his  compact  shapely  mold,  stylish  front 
and  long  pasterns  won  universal  praise.  Another  bay  youngster  of  Mr. 
Soderberg's  breeding  came  second.  Built  substantially,  especially  in  un- 
derpinning, he  also  bears  a  bit  more  of  distinctive  character  in  front  and 
bottom  than  the  good  thin  strong-going  brown  that  got  third.  The 
fourth  colt  was  held  down  by  a  slight  injury,  but  his  character  and 
substance  are  undeniable.  Some  strongly  favored  the  fifth  colt  for  a 
higher  rating  in  spite  of  his  neglected  feet  for  which  the  judge  turnea 
him  down. 

The  seven  yearling  stallions  shown  also  in  the  futurity  attracted  much 
notice  to  their  splendid  shaping  of  hocks  and  ankles.  The  easy  winner 
in  the  class  is  a  colt  badly  splashed  with  white  but  of  unusual  bone 
and  large  feet  brought  out  in  growing  condition  by  the  Galbraiths. 
Rarely  have  such  thick  stifles  been  seen  on  a  Clydesdale  youngster, 
and  his  action  meets  the  expectations  aroused  by  a  sight  of  the  clean 
hocks  and  lengthy  pasterns.  He  has  much  more  substance  but  less 
style  than  the  bay  Monarch  shown  by  J.  Leitch  &  Son,  which  had  a 
close  rub  from  the  brown  Baron  Caliph,  a  colt  standing  on  excellent 
"kits"  and  bottoms.  The  McLay  entry  proved  disappointing  in  action 
and  so  was  relegated  to  a  lower  position  than  his  pleasing  character  and 
strong   build    would   indicate.      Only   one   foal   was    shown. 

Nine  aged  mares  sustained  the  claims  of  the  breed  to  preserving  clean 
joints  at  hard  work  and  breeding.  Some  were  thin  from  the  recent 
discharge  of  their  duties  but  character  and  action  were  evident.  A  very 
vigorous-looking  brown  mare  that  has  done  a  hard  season's  work  won 
favor  for  Mr.  Soderberg  by  reason  of  her  deep  chest,  splendid  shape, 
quality  of  bone  and  joints  and  elastic  step.  The  Hixson  mare  has 
rather  larger  bone,  deeper  heels  and  more  width  of  heart.  Lady  De 
Bathe  is  thin  from  suckling  a  foal  and  so  did  not  support  the  claims 
of  her  excellent  bottoms  for  higher  recognition.  McLay  Brothers  brought 
out  the  very  sweet  "dressy"  Graceful  Lady  in  such  fine  bloom  and  man- 
ners as  to  score  an  easy  victory  in  the  class  of  three-year-olds.  A  very 
muscular  thin  chestnut  came  next.  There  were  ten  two-year-old  fillies. 
Mr.  Hixson  showed  the  winner  May  Queen,  a  big  upstanding  bay  extra 
well  shaped  in  the  joints.  Considerably  more  substance  is  possessed 
by  the  smaller  big-boned  Osco  Rose,  which  is  more  elastic  in  under- 
pinning than   the  smoothly   turned  Leitch   entry   that  w^on  third. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  763 

Like  the  yearling  stallion  futurity-winner,  the  Hixson  filly  Lady 
Caliph  has  the  best  of  bone  and  shaping  in  her  legs,  and  she  secures 
a  great  grasp  on  the  ground  at  her  long  easy  stride.  Probably  the  best 
fashioning  of  the  lot  is  seen  in  the  body  and  croup  of  the  big  Princess 
Mae  coming  second,  but  her  action  is  sluggish.  The  bay  Osco  Belle  is 
much  better  of  shape  than  Irene,  but  the  latter  takes  no  discount  in 
underpinning.  A  sweet  shapely  chestnut  won  preference  among  the  three 
filly  foals,  with  a  more  muscular  heavier  framed  youngster  giving  her  a 
close  rub  for  that  honor. 

THE    SHIRES. 

Tlie  Shires  have  at  other  times  been  better  represented  than  this  year. 
The  Truman  entries  were  the  backbone  of  this  show  both  as  to  numbers 
and  character,  as  the  prize-list  plainly  indicates.  However,  other  ex- 
hibitors were  especially  conspicuous  in  the  yearling  futurity  classes  for 
American-bred  colts  and  fillies.  R.  B.  Ogilvie,  Chicago,  111.,  made  the 
rating.  He  laid  especial  emphasis  on  the  shape,  quality  and  soundness 
of  underpinning,  and  it  is  gratifying  to  record  that  few  of  the  old- 
fashioned  wooden-legged  kind  came  before  him.  His  decisions  were 
heartily  endorsed  at  the  ringside  in  nearly  every  instance.  With  the 
futurity  classes  H.  0.  Weaver,  Wapello,  la.,  joined  in  the  work. 

Five  massive  Truman  stallions  won  all  the  prizes  in  the  aged  class 
of  eight.  The  front  of  the  line  was  occupied  by  the  2,200-pound  bay 
Dunsmore  Willington  Boy  3d,  impressive  of  front,  powerful  of  coupling 
and  set  up  on  great  timber.  The  next  one  is  thin  but  excels  in  quality 
of  bone,  hocks  and  action  and  the  third  is  of  much  the  same  pattern. 
The  line  of  seven  three-year-olds  also  started  one,  two,  three  for  Tru- 
mans.  The  thin  active  brown  Lord  Carlton,  flashing  big  shoes  and  flat 
glistening  shanks  at  every  step,  took  the  lead.  Dunsmore  Royal  Lad  is 
larger  and  wider  but  lacks  the  graceful  outlines  of  the  winner.  Superior 
action  won  his  position  in  preference  to  the  good  gray  March  Pioneer. 
Like  all  of  Mr.  Ogilvie's  selections,  the  victorious  two-year-old  Carlton 
King  is  splendidly  furnished  in  canons  and  joints  and  sprightly  on  the 
move,  and  he  has  a  pattern  of  top  amply  to  support  these  merits.  He 
was  an  easy  winner  for  the  Trumans  and  was  followed  by  three  prom- 
ising stablemates. 

The  dozen  yearlings  presented  divergent  claims  for  favor.  An  im- 
ported gray  finally  came  to  the  head  of  the  line  for  the  Trumans  because 
in  spite  of  thin  flesh  he  is  deep  of  chest  and  stands  on  large  bone, 
shapely  joints  and  wide  bottoms.  Beside  him  stood  the  Rittenhouse 
futurity  winner,  a  bay  distinguished  among  the  lot  for  his  extreme 
style,  beautiful  finish,  excellent  turn  over  loin  and  croup,  and  full  round 
middle,  while  he  has  about  as  much  bone  as  the  gray  and  is  furnished 
with  much  finer  though  scantier  feather.  His  action  is  straight  and  his 
joints  remarkably  clean.  An  opinion  expressed  at  the  ringside  was  to 
the  effect  that  the  decision  savored  more  of  prophecy  than  of  due  recog- 
nition of  acceptable  showring  condition  secured  without  any  sacrifice 
of  quality  in  underpinning.  An  upstanding  McCray  colt  of  great  bone 
but  light  middle  came  third,  beating  his  stablemate  also  in  level  forma- 
tion of  croup.      There  were  a  couple  of  rugged  stallion  foals. 


764  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

An  easy  triumph  in  the  aged  mare  class  awaited  the  nicely  fashioned, 
sturdy,  clean-going  bay  Dowsby  Sunbeam,  which  Galbraith  &  Son  bought 
of  the  Trumans  last  winter.  The  bay  Nottingham  Energy,  smaller,  more 
snugly  made  and  less  attractive  in  underpinning,  came  in  readily  second. 
The  front  of  the  line  of  three-year-olds  was  conceded  to  the  big  muscu- 
lar grand-fronted  bay  Pattie  shown  by  the  Trumans,  with  second  place 
falling  to  a  nicely  framed,  thin  brown  of  Finch  Brothers.  Bone  sub- 
stance and  quality  of  timber  scored  in  the  class  of  two-year-olds,  bring- 
ing two  promising  Truman  entries  to  the  front. 

The  seven  entries  in  the  regular  yearling  filly  class  were  also  shown 
in  the  futurity  event.  Two  Surveyor  youngsters  added  fame  to  their 
sire  by  occupying  the  leading  positions.  Paramount  Esther  is  par- 
ticularly roomy,  muscular  and  strong  of  bone,  while  superior  to  Lady 
Trenant  in  back  and  croup.  The  chestnut  Lincolnshire  Queen  shown 
by  Finch  Brothers  has  exceptionally  well  fashioned  joints  of  the  hardest 
quality  but  looks  drawn  in  middle  beside  the  other  two.  These  three 
were  easily  the  cream  of  the  lot.  Three  good  filly  foals  ended  the  single 
classes. 

THE   DRAFT    HORSE   BREEDERS'    FUTURITY. 

The  National  D'raft  Horse  Breeders'  Futurity  established  by  "Tlie 
Chicago  Daily  Live  Stock  World"  under  the  supervision  of  J.  H.  S. 
Johnstone  made  provision  this  year  for  both  stallions  and  fillies  foaled 
in  1911.  The  event  has  encouraged  breeders  to  develop  their  likely 
youngsters  as  never  before.  These  classes  were  all  judged  Wednesday 
noon,  and  the  open  classes  for  yearlings  were  placed  at  the  same  time, 
as  they  correspond  closely  in  entries.  Comments  on  the  winners  appear 
in  connection  with  the  open  classes,  where  the  names  of  the  judges  are 
also  given.  Something  like  thirty-four  Percherons,  sixteen  Belgians,  four- 
teen Clydesdales  and  nineteen  Shires  appeared  in  the  futurity  classes. 
The  most  sensational  ring  for  closely  contested  positions  all  along  the 
line  was  the  class  of  seventeen  Percheron  fillies. 

DRAFT    GELDIXGS   AXD   MARES. 

The  enthusiasm  of  farmers  over  the  breeding  of  draft  horses  is  fos- 
tered under  the  plan  of  Prof.  Curtiss  which  allows  liberal  prizes  for 
grade  geldings  and  mares.  R.  B.  Ogilvie  made  the  awards,  selecting 
rigidly  for  horses  of  serviceable  stamp  and  furnished  right  at  the 
ground.  It  is  not  the  top  but  the  feet  and  legs  in  which  the  exhibitors 
could  make  the  most  improvement  in  their  horses. 

THE     SADDLE    HORSES. 

Any  fair  might  be  proud  to  have  assembled  so  large  a  delegation  of 
well  bred,  well  mannered  saddle  horses.  Nearly  every  class  brought 
noted  horses  together.  The  sensational  events  of  the  show  were  those 
in  which  the  famous  stallion  Astral  King  and  the  brilliant  powerful 
gelding  Kymokan  appeared.  Astral  King  won  the  $1,000  stake  at  the 
Mexico,  Mo.,  fair  a  few  weeks  ago.  By  a  magnificent  exhibition  he  won 
the  stallion  class  for  five-gaited  horses  here.      In  a  large  class  of  mares 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  765 

and  geldings  Kymokan  also  proved  to  be  the  popular  as  well  as  the 
official  favorite.  His  nearest  rival.  Gingerbread  Man,  showed  an  easier 
canter,  but  the  gorgeous  rack  of  Kymokan  and  his  splendid  proportions 
when  stripped  overcame  opposition.  Walter  Palmer,  Ottawa,  111,,  made 
the  awards. 

STANDARn-BBED    TROTTERS. 

A  select  lot  of  standard-breds  filled  the  classes  which  came  before 
W.  A.  D'obson,  Des  Moines,  la.,  for  awards.  He  insisted  on  a  good 
business  trot  together  with  character  and  serviceable  conformation. 

THE    MORGANS. 

Morgan  breeders  gained  considerable  prominence  by  reason  of  the 
useful  type  of  roadsters  which  they  presented.  Geo.  M.  Rommel,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  made  the  awards  to  the  evident  satisfaction  of  exhibitors. 
He  gave  preference  to  horses  approaching  the  historic  compact  upheaded 
Morgan  type  even  though  they  did  not  display  showy  action. 

THE    SHETLANDS. 

The  number  of  Shetlands  was  not  quite  up  to  the  big  record  of  last 
year  but  there  was  some  improvement  in  average  quality.  There  is  the 
keenest  kind  of  rivalry  among  Iowa  breeders  and  they  select  and  show 
their  stock  to  win.     Prof.  W.  J.  Kennedy  made  the  awards. 

OTHER    HORSES    AND    MULES. 

Many  of  the  standard-breds  were  also  shown  in  the  classes  for  Ameri- 
can carriage  horses,  W.  A.  Dobson  judging.  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son,  Win- 
chester, 111.,  won  many  prominent  positions  including  second  with  Tommy 
Doyl  in  the  aged  stallion  class,  where  O.  J.  Mooers'  Advance  Guard  was 
first.  The  Peak  horses  were  second  and  third  in  three-year-old  stallions, 
first  in  yearlings,  second  and  third  in  three-year-old  fillies,  second  in 
two-year-olds,  first  in  foals  and  first  for  stallion  and  three  of  his  get. 
Wild  Rose  Farms  won  first  in  two  and  three-year-old  stallions  and  two- 
year-old  fillies.  Mr.  Mooers'  Advance  Guard  was  the  champion  stallion 
and  Mr.  Mooers  also   won  the  female  championship. 

Tommy  Doyl  won  a  blue  ribbon  in  the  champion  roadster  class,  and 
he  and  Tommy  Piper  captured  this  prize  for  pairs.  There  were  some 
good  runabout  classes  in  which  0.  J.  Mooers  secured  the  best  positions. 
A.  L.  Champlin  showed  the  winning  family  turnout. 

In  classes  for  highsteppers  Wild  Rose  Farm  of  Illinois  was  the  most 
successful  exhibitor,  followed  by  O.  J.  Mooers  of  Missouri  and  A.  L. 
Champlin  of  Iowa. 

The  claims  of  Welsh  Ponies  for  popular  favor  were  upheld  by  Geo,  E. 
Brown,  Aurora,  111.,  and  Geo.  A.  Heyl,  Washington,  111.,  each  of  whom 
exhibited  a  choice  collection. 

Mules  of  excellent  size  and  nerve  combined  were  shown  by  F.  L. 
Hutson,  who  won  most  of  the  blue  ribbons  and  also  the  championship. 
A.  L.  Foster,  W.  E.  Kingdon  and  A.  L.  Russel  were  his  chief  competi- 
tors.     Jacks  were  shown  by  Dierling  &  Otto. 


766  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

STUDENTS'  JUDGING  CONTEST  AT  DES  MOINES. 

The  Boys'  Judging  Contest  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair  on  Aug.  24  sur- 
passed any  previous  mark  by  fifty  per  cent  and  established  what  may  be 
termed  a  world's  record.  There  were  ninety-eight  boys  from  all  parts 
of  the  state  entered,  thirty  more  than  participated  in  last  year's  contest. 
Each  contestant  was  a  farm  boy  under  twenty-one  years  of  age  who  had 
never  taken  a  regular  course  in  any  agricultural  college.  The  prizes 
offered  were  scholarships  in  the  Iowa  State  College  worth  $200,  $150, 
$125,  $100  and  $25  respectively,  the  last  to  apply  to  a  short  course 
session. 

Two  rings  each  of  draft  horses,  beef  cattle  and  swine  were  judged 
in  the  forenoon,  and  two  samples  of  corn  were  placed  by  the  boys  in  the 
afternoon.  This  was  the  ninth  contest  at  the  state  fair  and  the  grov/th 
from  the  four  or  five  first  entered  to  the  present  number  has  been  re- 
markable. The  boys'  camp  contributed  fifty  of  the  contestants.  It  is 
probable  that  the  judging  work  will  be  made  a  part  of  the  programme 
of  the  camp  for  all  of  the  boys  next  year. 

The  holder  of  the  first  scholarship  is  a  boy  who  has  pushed  rapidly 
to  the  front  as  a  poultry  judge  entirely  on  his  own  resources.  He  is  a 
recognized  official  at  Iowa  county  fairs  although  only  nineteen  years  of 
age.  The  winner  of  third  place  is  a  brother  of  the  two  D'owells  who  won 
the  Gray  beef  cattle  and  Dinsmore  draft  horse  medals  at  the  Iowa  State 
College  in  1911. 


Wallaces'  Farmer,  Des  Moines,  loiim. 

It  was  to  be  expected  that  the  Iowa  State  Fair  this  year  would  be 
successful,  and  the  expectation  was  realized.  Taken  all  in  all,  it  was 
the  best  and  most  representative  State  Fair  which  has  ever  been  held 
in  the  state,  and  this  is  equivalent  to  saying  that  it  was  the  best  agri- 
cultural fair  which  has  been  held  in  any  state.  Although  much  remains 
to  be  done  to  make  it  everything  the  Iowa  State  Fair  should  be,  each 
year  witnesses  decided  progress.  One  by  one  the  crude  buildings  of  the 
earlier  days  are  passing  away  and  are  replaced  by  substantial  buildings 
of  brick,  with  concrete  fioors.  The  system  of  walks  and  drives  is  grad- 
ually being  extended.  Increased  provision  is  being  made  constantly  for 
that  class  of  exhibits  which  has,  in  the  past,  been  obliged  to  seek  shelter 
under  the  open  skies  or  flimsy  tents.  While  heavy  rain  would  seriously 
interfere  with  full  enjoyment  of  the  fair,  the  time  has  gone  by  when 
people  who  really  wish  to  attend  it  are  deferred  by  cloudy  skies.  There 
are  now  on  the  grounds  enough  well-constructed  buildings  to  afford 
shelter  and  entertainment  even  with  unfavorable  weather. 


The  attendance  was  not  as  great  as  had  been  hoped,  and  not  nearly  so 
large  as  it  would  have  been  had  the  railroads  made  the  reduction  in  rates. 
Iowa  is  entitled  to  reduced  rates  to  the  State  Fair — not  because  it  is  the 
State  Fair,  but  because  the  service  rendered  is  not  worth  the  usual  two 
cents  a  mile.     The  fair  traffic  is  very  large;  the  cars  are  crowded  to  the 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XHI      767 

limit,  many  people  standing  for  fifty  miles  at  a  stretch,  and  suffering 
all  kinds  of  inconvenience  without  complaint;  regular  schedules  are  not 
maintained;  in  fact,  it  is  cheap  service  all  around,  and  worth  consid- 
erably less  than  the  regular  service.  The  east  and  west  railroads  are 
regularly  making  very  much  lower  rates  per  mile  to  western  points  than 
they  were  asked  to  make  for  the  State  Fair.  Since  they  persist  in 
adhering  to  the  short-sighted  policy  which  they  have  always  followed  nr 
Iowa  matters,  the  question  should  be  fought  out  either  in  the  state  rail- 
road commission  or  in  the  legislature.  As  noted  in  our  editorial  columns 
last  week,  an  appeal  was  made  to  the  commission.  Messrs.  Ketchum 
and  Palmer  held  a  star  chamber  session  without  notice  to  Mr.  Thorne, 
the  third  member,  and  decided  that  they  had  no  authority.  By  the  time 
Mr.  Thorne  learned  of  this  action  and  the  case  had  been  reopened  it 
was  too  late  to  take  action.  This  matter  should  be  threshed  out  before 
another  fair.  The  commission  undoubtedly  has  full  authority,  and  on 
a  proper  showing  of  the  character  of  the  service  rendered,  there  should 
be  no  hesitation  in  reducing  the  rates  another  year. 


From  every  section  of  the  state  came  stories  of  bountiful  crops.  It 
appears  certain  now  that  if  frost  does  not  disturb  the  corn  crop,  it  will 
be  the  largest  we  have  harvested  for  many  a  year,  and,  taking  all  crops 
into  consideration,  it  seems  to  be  the  unanimous  opinion  that  never  be- 
fore has  the  earth  yielded  so  bounteously  to  the  Iowa  farmer.  Remark- 
able yields  of  winter  wheat  are  reported,  some  running  as  high  as  sixty 
Dushels  to  the  acre.  The  oat  crop  seems  to  have  been  heavy  throughout 
the  state.  Pastures  have  been  luxurious,  and  there  will  be  plenty  of 
hay  to  spare.  The  Iowa  farmer  chanted  the  song  of  plenty  at  Des 
Moines  last  week. 

It  is  not  possible  to  secure  exact  information,  but  it  seems  conservative 
to  say  that  thousands  of  families  came  to  the  fair  in  their  own  automo- 
biles, and  a  very  considerable  percentage  of  these  were  farmers.  The 
main  avenues  on  the  fair  grounds  were  lined  with  autos  backed  up  side 
by  side  for  half  a  mile  in  either  direction,  and  there  were  hundreds  of 
them  under  the  trees  in  the  camping  ground.  The  automobile  has  got  to 
be  about  as  common  as  the  horse  on  the  Iowa  country  roads,  and  the 
number  being  bought  by  farmers  seems  to  be  steadily  growing. 


An  increasing  number  of  those  who  come  from  a  distance  are  taking 
advantage  of  the  camping  privileges  on  the  grounds.  This  really  forms 
the  most  comfortable  and  most  delightful  way  to  see  the  fair.  With  a 
well-floored,  commodious  tent  under  the  beautiful  trees  on  the  higher 
ground  to  the  east  of  the  main  fair  buildings,  one  can  enjoy  a  most  de- 
lightful outing  and  see  the  fair  with  the  maximum  of  comfort.  There 
is  no  rushing  and  crowding  for  a  strap  in  the  street  car  or  for  a  chance 
to  stand  in  the  aisle  of  one  of  the  crowded  railroad  cars.  Being  on  the 
grounds  early  in  the  morning,  the  exhibits  of  chief  interest  may  be  ex- 


768  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

amined  at  leisure  before  the  crowds  from  the  city  fill  up  the  space,  and 
the  tent  is  always  there,  offering  a  restful  spot  when  tired  of  sight-seeing. 
This  year  the  camping  ground  was  laid  out  in  streets,  and  the  tents  num- 
bered, making  it  possible  to  locate  friends  with  the  minimum  of  trouble. 
The  only  trouble  this  year  was  a  lack  of  tents  to  meet  the  demand.  By 
Tuesday  morning,  every  available  tent  had  been  taken,  and  hundreds 
were  disappointed. 


For  many  years  Iowa  has  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  having  about  the 
cleanest  state  fair  in  the  country.  While  there  have  always  been  shows 
that  we  might  better  have  done  without,  there  has  been  an  absence  of 
the  most  degrading  sort,  which  are  found  on  so  many  other  state  and 
district  fair  grounds.  This  year  the  Iowa  State  Fair  took  a  decidedly 
backward  step.  A  midway  was  established,  lined  on  either  side  with 
side-shows,  and  so-called  "attractions"  of  all  sorts.  We  presume  some  of 
these  were  not  particularly  objectionable;  for  those  who  like  that  sort 
of  thing  they  were  probably  about  the  sort  of  a  thing  they  would  like; 
but  there  were  three  or  four,  or  possibly  more,  that  had  no  business  on 
the  Iowa  State  Fair  grounds,  or  upon  any  other  fair  grounds  frequented 
by  decent  people.  We  do  not  know  what  sort  of  exhibitions  were  given 
on  the  inside  of  these  tents,  but  the  samples  exhibited  on  the  outside, 
and  the  leers  and  insulting  remarks  of  dirty-mouthed  barkers  were  suf- 
ficient in  themselves  to  justify  ejection  from  the  grounds  forthwith.  Sure- 
ly the  directors  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  have  misinterpreted  the  desires 
of  the  people  who  attend  it  if  they  think  they  want  any  such  shows. 
The  argument  that  such  things  are  necessary  to  draw  a  crowd  was  long 
since  exploded  in  Iowa.  The  people  who  are  attracted  by  that  sort  of 
thing  are  not  at  all  needed  to  insure  the  success  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair. 
The  midway  should  be  done  away  with,  and  the  stream  of  filth  which 
flows  from  it  should  be  dammed  up  once  and  for  all. 


The  Baby  Health  Contest  inaugurated  last  year  was  one  of  the  most 
attractive  features,  and  furnished  any  amount  of  entertainment  for  those 
who  could  get  near  enough  to  see.  Some  hundreds  of  babies  were  en- 
tered in  this  contest.  They  were  taken  into  a  tent  and  one  at  a  time 
subjected  to  the  most  searching  examination  by  physicians  and  nurses. 
Weighed,  measured,  tested  for  strength,  punched,  poked,  and  examined  in 
every  way  possible,  while  the  anxious  parents  exhausted  their  efforts  to 
keep  them  looking  cheerful  and  happy,  and  the  interested  spectators 
roared  with  laughter  as  an  occasional  baby  protested  vigorously  against 
what  he  considered  mishandling  by  cruel  strangers.  If  this  contest  is 
continued,  it  is  perfectly  evident  that  a  very  much  larger  tent  or  space 
in  one  of  the  larger  buildings  will  be  needed  another  year.  This  feature 
not  only  affords  a  vast  amount  of  amusement  and  entertainment  to  the 
spectators,  but  it  teaches  lessons  which  will  contribute  very  largely  to  the 
health  and  development  of  the  babies  in  the  future. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIH  769 

The  building  given  over  to  the  use  of  the  Agricultural  College  was,  as 
usual,  filled  with  most  interesting  and  instructive  exhibits  of  various 
kinds.  There  were  models  of  silos  of  the  principal  styles  of  manufacture, 
exhibits  showing  the  effect  of  various  crops  and  of  various  rotations  in  the 
production  of  crops,  a  soil  map  of  Iowa  showing  the  variation  in  the 
character  of  the  soil  in  the  different  geological  formations,  a  collection 
of  the  different  varieties  of  grains,  samples  of  the  principal  noxious  weeds, 
and  a  large  number  of  other  equally  instructive  exhibits.  The  only 
trouble  with  this  exhibit  is  that  the  building  is  somewhat  out  of  the 
ordinary  path,  and  consequently  thousands  of  people  do  not  find  it.  The 
next  legislature  might  well  consider  the  erection  of  a  very  much  larger 
and  better  arranged  building,  located  centrally  on  the  State  Fair  grounds, 
and  given  over  entirely  to  exhibits  to  be  made  by  the  Agricultural  Col- 
lege. We  can  not  imagine  any  way  in  which  $50,000,  for  example,  could 
be  spent  so  well  at  Ames  as  in  the  construction  of  a  building  of  this 
sort  on  the  fair  grounds.  It  would  afford  an  opportunity  to  present 
object  lessons  to  many  thousands  of  Iowa  farmers  who  will  never  have 
the  opportunity  to  get  them  in  any  other  way. 


Something  will  have  to  be  done  to  improve  the  transportation  facilities 
between  the  fair  grounds  and  Des  Moines.  The  crowd  is  now  handled 
by  the  street  railway  and  by  the  Rock  Island  shuttle  trains.  On  days 
when  the  attendance  is  largest,  anywhere  from  an  hour  to  two  hours 
is  required  to  get  back  and  forth.  There  has  been  more  or  less  trouble 
in  this  matter  for  several  years,  but  the  increasing  attendance  at  the  fair 
now  makes  it  a  matter  which  must  receive  the  attention  of  citizens  of 
Des  Moines. 


Following  the  custom  established  some  years  ago, .  night  shows  were 
put  on  in  front  of  the  grandstand  and  also  in  the  stock  pavilion.  The 
show  in  front  of  the  grandstand  this  year  was  in  the  nature  of  a  frontier 
days  entertainment,  and  consisted  of  a  horse-bucking  exhibition,  trick 
roping  by  expert  cowboys,  handling  Texas  steers,  driving  and  riding  buf- 
faloes and  steers,  an  Indian  war  dance  by  a  band  of  fifty  Sioux  Indians, 
trick  riding  of  various  kinds,  and  an  attack  by  the  Indians  on  an  old- 
fashioned  stage  coach  and  prairie  schooner,  with  a  rescue  by  the  cow- 
boys. The  show  was  followed  by  an  exhibition  of  fireworks.  It  was  a 
good,  wholesome  entertainment,  and  well  patronized.  In  the  live  stock 
pavilion  each  evening  a  horse  show  was  put  on,  which  attracted  fairly 
large  crowds.  These  shows  would  have  been  more  liberally  patronized 
had  the  transportation  facilities  been  adequate  for  getting  downtcrwn 
afterwards.  On  the  nights  when  they  were  most  largely  attended,  many 
people  were  not  able  to  leave  the  grounds  until  midnight. 


About    one    hundred    boys    from    the    different    counties    of    the    state 
earned  a  free  trip  to  the  fair  by  writing  essays  on  Iowa.      These  boys 
were  encamped  on  the  grounds.     They  made  themselves  useful  by  polic- 
ing the  grounds  in  the  morning  and  taking  up  the  tickets  of  those  who 
49 


770  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

remained  over  night.  In  the  afternoon  and  evening  they  were  used  as 
ushers  for  the  evening  shows.  The  boys  had  a  good  time,  but  before 
the  week  was  over  many  of  them  were  inclined  to  doubt  whether  they 
had  received  a  free  trip  to  the  fair.  They  worked  long  hours,  and  had 
less  time  for  sight-seeing  than  many  of  them  had  hoped  for.  This  will, 
no  doubt,  be  remedied  another  year.  We  are  quite  sure  that  the  fair 
officials  had  no  desire  to  impose  upon  the  boys  or  to  give  them  more  to 
do  than  could  be  fairly  considered  as  good  for  them.  A  year  or  two's 
experience  is  required  to  get  a  thing  of  this  sort  to  running  smoothly. 
Fred  Hansen,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  county  secretary,  and  Leonard  Paulson,  the 
high  school  Y.  M.  C.  A.  secretary,  took  good  care  of  the  boys  in  camp. 


The  exhibit  of  fruits  and  grains  and  the  individual  farm  exhibit  in 
the  agricultural  building  were  by  all  odds  the  best  which  have  yet  been 
made.  The  increasing  number  of  exhibits  made  by  individual  farmers  is 
most  satisfactory,  and  it  is  evident  that  if  this  feature  continues  to  grow, 
more  room  must  be  provided. 


The  live  stock  exhibit  was  first-class  in  every  respect.  This  will  be 
dealt  with  at  length  by  our  special  staff.  The  weather  permitted  showing 
many  of  the  horses  in  the  open  air  south  of  the  horse  barns,  thus  re- 
lieving the  congestion  in  the  live  stock  pavilion. 


Ninety-eight  boys  competed  for  the  five  scholarships  at  the  agricultural 
college  offered  for  the  best  work  in  judging  live  stock.  They  passed 
upon  two  classes  of  draft  horses,  two  of  beef  cattle,  two  classes  of  hogs 
and  also  two  classes  of  corn.  Having  made  their  awards  they  are  re- 
quired to  give  their  reasons  for  their  placing,  putting  these  in  writing. 


THE   STOCK   SHOW. 

For  some  years  Iowa  has  enjoyed  the  reputation  of  making  the  largest 
and  best  annual  exhibit  of  pure  bred  stock  found  at  any  of  the  state 
fairs.  Her  exhibit  this  year,  as  witnessed  by  the  many  thousands  who 
attended  the  fair  last  week,  well  maintains  this  good  reputation,  and, 
although  the  first  state  fair  of  the  season,  the  exhibit  will  hardly  be  ex- 
celled by  any  of  the  state  fairs  to  follow.  Some  idea  of  the  value  of  the 
stock  on  exhibition  may  be  had  from  the  estimate  the  fair  association 
put  on  the  prize  winners  in  Friday's  parade,  which  they  advertised  as  a 
"million  dollar  parade."  This  did  not  include  the  hogs  and  sheep,  as 
they  cannot  go  in  the  parade,  but  only  prize  winning  horses  and  cattle. 
Yet  in  numbers  the  cattle,  swine  and  sheep  departments  reflected  some- 
what the  decrease  in  stock  as  shown  by  recent  government  statistics,  and 
by  the  prices  at  the  leading  markets,  where  beef  cattle  have  recently  sold 
higher  than  ever  before.  These  prices  have  put  new  life  in  the  stock 
business  and  the  stock  men  who  are  still  in  the  business  are  feeling 
better  than  they  have  for  some  years. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      771 

THE   SHOKT-HORNS. 

Twenty-five  Short-horn  exhibitors  from  half  a  dozen  different  states 
competed  for  the  honors  in  the  Short-horn  classes.  Twenty  of  these  ex- 
hibitors were  from  Iowa,  some  of  which  were  in  the  amateur  class,  while 
most  of  them  had  entries  in  only  a  few  classes,  and  some  only  single  en- 
tries. Not  all  who  made  entries  were  exhibitors,  Messrs.  White  & 
Smith  of  Minnesota,  being  one  of  the  strong  exhibitors  who  failed  to 
arrive.  On  the  whole  it  was  a  strong  showing  of  this  popular  breed, 
although  not  the  largest  nor  strongest  Short-horn  show  that  has  been  seen 
at  the  Iowa  State  Fair.  The  classes  were  irregular  in  size,  and  were  not 
specially  characteristic  for  uniformity  of  type  and  condition  as  to  fitting 
or  quality,  but  there  were  some  very  strong  classes  and  the  winners  in  the 
first  places — usually  in  the  first  three  or  four  places — were  strictly  high 
class,  or  outstanding.  The  first  class  called  brought  out  a  half  dozen 
bulls,  three  years  old  or  over.  While  not  the  largest  or  strongest  class 
it  furnished  the  grand  champion  in  the  Bellows  bull,  Diamond  Goods,  a 
smooth,  well  proportioned  bull  of  the  popular  type,  and  show  yard  style 
and  quality.  Mr.  Harding  of  Wisconsin,  who  was  a  strong  winner  at  this 
show,  furnished  the  strongest  competition  for  championship  honors.  The 
class  of  two-year-old  bulls  was  considered  the  strongest  class  of  the  Short- 
horn show.  It  brought  out  a  dozen  two-year-olds  that  were  considerably 
better  than  the  class  of  two-year-olds  usually  seen  at  the  state  fair.  Hard- 
ing won  first,  but  between  the  first  three  judges  might  easily  differ.  In 
the  senior  yearling  bull  class  Harding  again  won  first,  this  time  on  a 
son  of  his  former  champion.  Leader  of  Fashion.  In  the  junior  yearling 
class  all  the  prizes  except  third  went  to  the  Iowa  exhibitors,  McMillan  & 
Sons  winning  first  on  a  son  of  the  champion  Ringmaster.  The  senior 
bull  calf  class,  numbering  twenty-four,  was  a  big  class  of  good  ones,  and 
gave  the  judge  some  trouble.  There  were  a  number  in  the  class  about 
evenly  balanced  as  to  good  points  and  it  was  a  hard  class  to  judge.  Hard- 
ing got  first,  with  Powell  &  Son  close  enough  second  that  they  had  friends 
for  first.  There  were  three  Powell  entries  in  this  class,  all  sired  by 
their  former  champion.  King  Cumberland  2d,  and  all  good  ones.  The  fe- 
male classes  were  of  similar  character  as  the  bull  classes,  and  the  awards 
are  given  without  further  comment.  Mr.  A.  J.  Ryden,  of  Illinois,  who  is 
an  experienced  Short-horn  breeder,  and  is  recognized  as  a  reliable  judge, 
placed  the  awards. 

THE  ANGUS. 

The  Angus  show  at  Des  Moines  this  year  was  up  to  last  year's  standard 
in  quality,  but  was  the  lightest  in  number  of  exhibitors  for  many  years. 
Iowa  has  been  noted  for  its  good  Angus  herds,  and  the  strong  showing 
the  Iowa  Angus  breeders  have  been  making  at  leading  stock  shows.  Here- 
tofore the  Iowa  exhibitors  have  made  their  initial  showing  for  the 
year  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair,  which  made  the  Iowa  Angus  exhibit  doubly 
interesting,  for  the  reason  that  it  was  the  first  contest  of  the  season, 
and  was  always  strong.  This  year  one  of  the  strongest  Iowa  show  herds 
was  showing  in  Canada,  instead  of  here,  and  some  former  exhibitors 
are  not  showing  at  all  this  year.      The  exhibitors,  while  small  in  num- 


772 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


ber,  made  a  strong  showing,  and  the  breed  was  well  represented  by  some 
of  its  best  specimens.  The  grand  champions  were  the  same  as  last 
year,  Messrs.  Binnie  &  Son  winning  on  their  many  times  champion, 
Kloman,  and  Messrs.  Miller  &  Son  winning  again  on  Barbara  Woodson, 
who  won  championship  all  around  the  circuit  last  year.  W.  A.  McHenry 
was  the  strong  winner  in  herds  and  other  group  classes,  and  was  also 
strong  in  the  fight  for  championships.  Messrs.  Chas.  Escher  &  Son, 
Botna,  la.,  were  exhibitors  of  young  bulls,  which  were  very  strong  in 
their  classes,  and  won  several  firsts.  Anderson  &  Son  of  Newell,  Iowa, 
were  out  with  a  strong  herd,  and  won  some  good  prizes.  Mr.  Rosenfeld 
of  Kelly,  Iowa,  was  the  other  exhibitor,  and  won  prizes  in  all  the  classes 
in  which  he  had  entries.  The  aw^ards  were  made  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Martin 
of  Churdan,  Iowa. 

THE   WHITE   FACES. 

The  Hereford  show  was  strong,  as  usual,  but  did  not  excel  the  re- 
markably strong  showing  made  by  this  breed  at  the  low^a  State  Fair  a 
year  ago.  There  w^ere  thirteen  exhibitors  and  among  them  were  the 
strongest  winners  of  a  year  ago.  Much  of  the  competition  was  the  same 
as  last  year  and  the  contest  for  first  honors  was  much  the  same  as  then. 


GRAND  CHAMPION  HEREFORD  COW 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  773 

For  this  reason,  and  because  this  is  the  first  time  these  leading  exhibi- 
tors came  together  this  year,  the  competition  was  especially  keen,  and 
the  Des  Moines  Hereford  show  doubly  interesting.  Mr.  Cudahy  of  Mis- 
souri again  won  grand  championship  on  his  last  year's  champion,  Scot- 
tish Lassie,  and  he  also  had  the  grand  championship  bull.  The  Iowa 
exhibitors  made  a  good  showing,  considering  their  strong  competition. 
Cyrus  Tow  of  Norway,  Iowa,  won  both  Iowa  grand  championships.  The 
awards  were  made  by  Mr,  Prank  Van  Natta  of  Indiana,  for  many  years 
a  successful  exhibitor  of  Herefords. 

THE   GALLOWAYS. 

Four  Galloway  exhibitors,  one  from  Iowa,  one  from  Kansas,  and  two 
from  Nebraska,  contested  for  the  prizes  awarded  this  breed.  Mr.  Chas. 
Escher,  Jr.,  of  Botna,  Iowa,  did  the  judging,  and  while  the  classes  were 
not  large,  competition  was  often  close,  and  it  was  one  of  the  best  Gallo- 
way shows  that  has  been  made  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair.  The  breed,  as 
represented  by  the  splendid  specimens  on  exhibition,  has  made  marked 
improvement  the  past  decade. 

THE   POLLED    DURHAMS. 

There  was  a  good  exhibit  of  Polled  Durhams,  but  the  exhibit  was 
largely  from  outside  the  state.  Iowa  has  a  number  of  good  Polled  Dur- 
ham herds,  some  of  which  have  furnished  some  of  the  strongest  com- 
petition at  former  state  fairs,  and  other  leading  stock  shows,  but  this 
year  only  one  Iowa  herd  was  represented.  The  judging  was  done  by  Mr. 
E.  R.  Silliman  of  Colo,  Iowa,  well  known  as  a  Short-horn  breeder. 


THE  FAT  STOCK. 


There  were  only  a  few  exhibitors  of  fat  cattle,  and  consequently  very 
little  competition.  The  stock  shown  was  generally  of  an  exceptional 
good  quality. 


THE  DAIRY  CATTLE. 

The  four  exclusive  dairy  breeds — Holsteins,  Jerseys,  Guernseys  and 
Ayrshires — were  all  represented  at  Des  Moines  last  week,  as  were  also 
the  Brown  Swiss  and  Red  Polls — two  breeds  that  have  both  dairy  and 
beef  qualities.  There  was  a  good,  strong  showing  of  Jerseys  and  Holsteins, 
with  considerable  competition  in  all  the  classes.  In  the  Guernsey  show 
the  competition  was  somewhat  limited,  as  one  of  the  strongest  exhibitors 
who  had  made  entries  was  unable  to  show  at  Des  Moines,  and  in  the 
Ayrshire  show  there  was  only  one  exhibitor,  but  in  all  these  breeds 
there  were  very  worthy  animals  on  exhibition.  The  showing  of  Brown 
Swiss  cattle  was  one  of  the  best  that  has  ever  been  seen  at  Des  Moines. 
The  Red  Polled  show  is  specially  mentioned  elsewhere.  The  list  of 
awards  which  follows  is  of  interest  as  showing  who  were  the  successful 
contestants  and  their  .winnings. 


774  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

THE  RED  POLLS. 

The  showing  of  Red  Polled  cattle  was  perhaps  the  best  that  has  ever 
been  seen  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair.  They  outnumbered  the  Angus,  and 
the  exhibit  brought  out  some  very  fine  specimens  of  the  breed.  Several 
strong  Nebraska  herds  divided  the  honors  with  the  Iowa  exhibitors,  as 
shown  in  the  list  of  awards.  Prof.  H.  R.  Smith  of  the  Minnesota  Agri- 
cultural College  did  the  judging. 


THE  HORSE  SHOW. 

The  horse  show  began  promptly  at  nine  o'clock  Monday  morning,  at 
which  time  all  of  the  aged  stallions  of  four  draft  breeds  were  presented 
before  the  different  judges,  and  they  made  a  grand  opening  display. 
Compared  with  former  shows,  the  show  of  1912  excelled  in  quality 
and  value,  while  in  numbers  some  of  the  breeds  were  short  this  year. 
This  was  true  especially  of  the  Shire  and  Percheron  classes.  An  en- 
30uraging  feature  of  the  show  w^as  the  number  of  small  breeders  who 
were  in  evidence,  which  goes  to  prove  that  interest  in  the  draft  horse 
business  is  not  declining  in  Iowa.  A  very  attractive  feature  was  the 
futurity  colt  show,  of  yearling  colts  from  the  four  different  draft  breeds 
in  the  ring  at  once,  which  proved  one  of  the  greatest  attractions  of 
the  horse  show. 

THE   PERCHERONS. 

In  numbers  this  class  did  not  quite  measure  up  to  the  show  of  1911, 
but  in  select  quality  and  value,  it  will  compare  very  favorably  with 
any  former  show.  This  is  especially  true  in  the  colt  classes,  in  which 
were  found  some  of  the  best  specimens  of  the  breed  that  have  been 
seen  in  low^a  for  some  time.  The  futurity  colt  show  no  doubt  increased 
the  numbers  of  youngsters  and  added  interest  to  the  show  as  well.  A 
feature  of  the  show  was  the  number  of  young  breeders  in  evidence,  for 
without  them  it  would  have  been  a  very  light  show,  as  the  number  of 
importers  were  much  less  than  in  former  years.  It  was  in  fact  ah 
Iowa  show,  with  three  exceptions.  The  prizes  were  pretty  well  dis- 
tributed among  the  different  exhibitors.  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Son  were 
quite  successful,  they  winning  first  place  in  the  four-year-old  stallion 
class  on  their  very  clean  quality,  stylish  gray  Incruste.  He  was  also 
later  made  champion  stallion  of  the  breed.  Pioneer  Stud  Farm  had  a 
strong  competitor  in  Interprete,  a  very  toppy,  high-class,  gray  stallion, 
full  of  Percheron  character.  McMillan  &  Sons  were  also  awarded 
champion  mare  on  Rosine.  C.  B.  Dannen  &  Son  were  strong  competitors 
for  the  championship,  with  two  very  choice  gray  mares,  Jongleuse,  a 
very  select  quality  three-year-old  gray,  and  Gray  Prefection,  a  filly 
that  attracted  much  attention,  and  one  almost  perfect  in  Percheron 
type  and  character.  Barring  accident,  she  will  doubtless  develop  into 
a  show  mare  for  future  shows  that  will  be  hard  to  defeat.  In  the 
yearling  classes,  W.  S.  Corsa  won  both  first  and  second  prize  on  Perch- 
eron fillies  and  stallions,  all  being  sons  and  daughters  of  his  champion 
stallion  Carnot. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  775 

THE    CLYDESDALES. 

This  popular  Scotch  breed  made  the  largest  show  that  has  been  seen 
at  the  Iowa  State  Pair  for  a  number  of  years,  and  it  is  probably  safe 
to  assert  that  a  better  show  has  never  been  seen  than  was  made  this 
year.  It  was  noted  for  its  close  adherence  to  breed  type  and  character, 
and  there  were  excellent  specimens  found  in  all  of  the  different  classes. 
The  show  was  made  by  a  number  of  the  best  importers  and  breeders 
in  America,  and  in  character  was  one  that  reflected  much  credit  on 
the  exhibitors  and  the  breed.  It  doubtless  will  be  a  strong  factor  in 
winning  many  new  friends  and  holding  old  ones.  A.  Galbraith  &  Sons, 
De  Kalb,  111.,  were  awarded  champion  stallion  on  their  yearling  stallion 
Charnock;  while  it  is  an  unusual  thing  for  championship  to  fall  to  a 
j^earling  colt,  he  was  generally  conceded  entitled  to  this  honorable 
position  on  account  of  his  clean,  neat  quality  and  stylish  finish  and 
breed  character.  In  addition  to  this,  his  peculiar  markings  of  white 
face  and  white  legs  make  him  especially  attractive.  He  bids  fair  to 
continue  to  grow  and  develop  into  a  stallion  that  will  have  to  be 
reckoned  with  in  future  shows.  McLay  Bros.,  Janesville,  Wis.,  won 
first  prize  and  championship  on  Graceful  Lady,  a  mare  of  sweet  Clyde 
character,  smooth,  drafty  form,  with  the  best  of  feet  and  legs.  Her 
right  to  this  position  was  not  questioned. 

THE   BELGIANS. 

From  the  interest  shown  for  this  heavy  draft  breed,  it  seems  that 
they  are  gaining  in  popular  favor,  especially  with  the  breeders  and 
farmers  of  Iowa.  A  very  noticeable  fact  in  this  year's  show  was  the 
improvement  in  the  quality  and  character  through  all  the  different 
classes.  The  modern  Belgian,  which  is  one  with  cleaner  legs  and 
better  feet,  was  largely  in  evidence,  and  Mr.  Alex.  Galbraith  proved  a 
most  competent  judge,  his  selections  being  given  general  approval. 
While  this  breed  was  not  great  in  numbers,  in  value,  type  and  form  it 
will  compare  very  favorably  with  any  former  show  that  has  been  made 
at  the  Iowa  State  Fair.  An  encouraging  feature  in  the  show  of  this 
breed  was  the  number  of  young  things  in  evidence.  It  goes  to  show 
that  the  breeders  and  farmers  of  Iowa  have  been  successful  in  the 
production  of  good  Belgians.  This  breed  seems  to  be  well  adapted  for 
heavy  work  in  the  corn  belt. 

ENGLISH    SHIRES. 

In  numbers,  this  great  breed  of  English  draft  horses  did  not  measure 
up  to  former  years,  it  being  one  of  the  lightest  shows  that  has  been 
seen  at  an  Iowa  State  Fair  for  some  time,  but  in  value  and  high-class 
breed  character  it  was  not  wanting.  The  very  best  specimens  of  the 
breed  that  could  be  found  in  England  or  America  were  on  exhibition. 
Trumans'  Pioneer  Stud  Farm,  Bushnell,  111.,  made  a  grand  display  of 
imported  stallions,  and  an  inspection  of  the  prize  list  will  show  that 
they  made  almost  a  clean  sv/eep  in  the  stallion  classes. 


776-  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

THE  SHEEP  SHOW. 

The  Lincoln  and  also  the  Dorset  sheep  show  was  made  by  Alex.  W. 
Arnold,  of  Galesville,  Wis.  The  only  exhibitor  of  Cotswolds  was  F.  W. 
Harding,  Waukesha,  Wis.,  and  all  awards  were  won  by  his  entries. 
Cheviots  were  shown  by  R,  &  W.  Postle,  Camp  Chase,  Ohio.  King 
Bros.,  Laramie,  Wyo.,  won  most  of  the  prizes  for  Rambouillet  sheep, 
with  F.  W.  Cook,  of  West  Mansfield,  Ohio,  and  Scott  &  Co.,  Mt.  Sterling, 
Ohio,  winning  some  ribbons.  The  Hampshire  show  was  made  by  Wal- 
nut Hill  Farm,  Donerail,  Ky.,  who  won  every  first  prize,  with  a  few 
entries  by  Arnold  and  McKerrow. 


THE  HOG  SHOW. 


The  annual  swine  exhibit  at  Des  Moines  has  for  many  years  been 
the  largest  in  the  world,  and  the  mammoth  swine  pavilion  covering 
the  exhibit  has  already  been  described  as  the  largest  building  of  the 
kind.  This  year's  state  fair  exhibit  of  swine  did  not  reach  the  high 
tide  of  recent  years  numerically,  but  was  large  enough  that  it  will 
undoubtedly  hold  the  record  for  the  year.  One  hundred  and  forty- 
seven  swine  breeders  made  entries  as  exhibitors,  sixty  of  whom  were 
Duroc  Jersey  breeders,  thirty-six  Poland  China,  twenty-six  Chester 
White,  fifteen  Hampshire,  seven  Berkshire,  two  Yorkshire,  and  one 
Tamworth  breeder.  Not  all  of  these  exhibitors  brought  their  hogs,  but 
Superintendent  Johnston  estimated  that  there  were  from  2,200  to 
2,400  head  of  swine  in  the  pens.  The  Duroc  Jersey  led  with  720  head, 
with  the  Poland  Chinas,  Chester  Whites,  Hampshires,  Berkshires, 
Yorkshires  and  Tamworths  following  in  the  order  named.  There  was 
only  one  exhibitor  each  of  Yorkshires  and  Tamworths,  and  the  Berk- 
shire exhibit  was  not  large.  The  other  breeds  were  well  represented 
in  numbers.  The  Chester  White  show  has  grown  from  a  comparatively 
small  exhibit  to  one  of  the  biggest  hog  shows  at  the  fair,  and  in  num- 
bers they  are  now  crowding  the  Polands.  The  Chester  White  breeders 
have  also  made  marked  improvement  in  their  breed,  especially  in 
quality,  and  we  might  also  mention  a  marked  improvement  in  ham  and 
head  and  ear.  The  Hampshires  are  a  new  breed,  and  have  already 
taken  a  prominent  place  in  the  hog  show,  both  in  numbers  and  in 
interest.  The  Duroc  Jersey  show  this  year  was  about  the  average  seen 
at  Des  Moines,  both  in  numbers  and  quality.  The  winners  were  high 
class  but  few  of  them  were  especially  outstanding.  The  grand  cham- 
pions may  be  considered  in  the  latter  class.  As  is  sometimes  the  case, 
the  grand  champion  boar  was  one  that  had  not  been  figured  on  much 
before  the  fair,  and  the  hog  that  some  of  the  "wise  ones"  had  counted 
on  being  the  winner  had  to  take  second  place.  The  grand  champion 
Duroc  boar  excelled  in  smoothness  and  quality,  and  he  also  has  good 
size.  The  Poland  China  exhibit  was  made  up  of  the  different  types 
for  which  the  Poland  China  show  has  been  noted  for  several  years. 
There  were  more  of  the  "big  type"  Polands  on  exhibition  this  year  than 
ever,  and  in  the  boar  classes  especially  the  big  types  made  a  strong 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      777 

showing — the  strongest  they  have  ever  made.  In  the  sow  classes  most 
of  the  big  types  lacked  either  quality  or  fitting  to  win.  The  show  was 
hard  to  judge  with  the  different  types,  and  Harvey  Johnston,  who  had 
been  selected  to  tie  the  ribbons,  gave  up  and  went  home  sick  after  the 
first  day's  work.  Mr.  J.  M.  Stewart  finished  the  judging.  The  difficulty 
in  satisfying  the  adherents  of  the  large  and  small  types  made  the 
work  of  the  judge  very  unpleasant,  and  this  was  aggravated  by  the 
non-enforcement  of  the  rules,  which  forbid  abuse  of  the  judges. 


Twentieth  Century  Farmer,  Omaha,  Ned. 

One  of  the  foremost,  if  not  the  leading,  exhibition  enterprise  of  this 
character  in  the  United  States,  the  Iowa  State  Fair  and  Agricultural 
Exposition,  was  in  annual  session  last  week.  The  planning  and  pur- 
pose of  this  exposition  management  was  the  exploitation  of  the  natural 
and  acquired  resources  of  the  state  to  the  highest  possible  degree  of 
exhibition  excellence  that  the  agricultural  interests  and  industries  of 
this  commonwealth  are  capable  of  producing.  This  annual  conventio^;i 
of  sight-seeing  gathered  tens  of  thousands  of  stockholders  in  this 
great  propaganda  of  agricultural  education,  agricultural  enterprise  and 
agricultural  improvement.  All  kinds  and  classes  of  business  were  repre- 
sented at  this  gathering  and  all  kinds  and  classes  of  citizens  that  go 
toward  making  up  the  population  of  a  great  and  prosperous  community 
of  people,  such  as  the  state  of  Iowa  represents  and  stands  for  in  its 
varied  and  various  industrial  resources  and  business  enterprises. 

•  THE    IOWA    STATE    FAIR    EXHIBIT. 

The  backing  that  the  Iowa  State  Board  of  Agriculture  has,  in  all  its 
varied  duties  and  responsibilities  as  an  official  body,  is  abundantly  set 
forth  in  the  strong  endorsement  that  it  receives  in  the  attendance  from 
all  parts  of  the  state.  The  people  of  Iowa  have  acquired  the  state 
fair  habit.  Many  come  to  the  state  fair  as  an  annual  outing;  they 
come  to  see  the  fair  in  all  its  aspects  of  exhibition  and  entertainment. 
They  have  learned  to  regard  the  state  fair  as  an  occasion  that  they 
cannot  afford  to  miss  from  an  educational  and  social  standpoint.  Each 
year  they  broaden  out  and  become  more  interested  in  the  features  that 
they  are  not  specializing  on  in  their  own  homes  and  on  their  own 
farms.  It  is  beginning  to  dawn  on  many  state  fair  visitors  and  patrons 
that  this  institution  is  a  isystem  of  instruction  for  the  broadening  and 
leveling  out  of  intellectual  man  to  a  better  understanding,  a  more 
comprehensive  idea  of  what  the  farm  and  home  should  be;  the  intro- 
duction of  new  methods,  to  be  profitably  applied  in  farm  management, 
and  the  great  object  lesson  school  it  has  developed  into,  where  the 
system  of  comparison  is  taught  on  every  hand. 

The  Iowa  State  Fair  each  year  demonstrates  its  ability  and  demand 
for  greater  things,  for  more  space  to  be  occupied  in  the  accommoda- 
tion of  the  various  departments.  Its  large  fair  grounds,  that  only  a 
few  years  ago  were  commented  upon  as  being  too  large;   the  depart- 


778  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

ments  scattered  over  too  large  an  area  of  land,  requiring  too  much 
worry  and  travel  to  get  from  one  to  the  other,  is  now  being  commented 
upon  favorably  by  fair  people  who  each  season  visit  a  number  of  state 
fairs  as  being  wisely  and  well  planned.  Its  present  condition  shows 
that  it  has  developed  in  department  requirements  and  their  accessories, 
until  the  fair  grounds  have  filled  up,  grown  like  a  great  city  into  a 
solid  habitation  of  business  and  industry. 

PLACES    OF    REST    FOR    THE   WEARY. 

The  parking  of  a  state  fair  grounds,  wherever  a  few  rods  of  space 
can  be  devoted  to  this  purpose,  is  possibly  the  very  best  business  in- 
vestment that  a  state  fair  board  can  practice.  A  little  shade  and  a  few 
rest  seats  meets  the  approval  of  99  per  cent  of  all  the  people  on  the 
grounds.  Iowa  has  not  overlooked  this  feature  of  demand  from  the 
weary  mother  with  her  babe  to  the  other  sight-seers  who  are  almost 
ready  to  drop  down  any  place  for  rest,  a  moment's  relief.  Thousands 
of  settees  are  scattered  over  the  parked  divisions  of  the  grounds  and 
invite  the  weary  and  foot-tired  pedestrians  to  rest. 

The  machinery  department  at  this  fair  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
features  of  exhibition  because  of  its  general  character,  covering  prac- 
tically every  line  of  machinery,  tool,  implement  and  device  used  on 
the  farm,  about  the  home  or  in  general  service  over  the  country.  The 
big  machinery  hall,  where  acres  of  machinery  are  housed  and  arranged 
for  exhibition,  is  an  eye-opener  to  the  immensity  of  display  in  this 
department.  But  when  one  attempts  to  make  a  tour  of  the  forty  acres 
of  machinery  outside  of  this  big  hall  he  feels  that  the  Iowa  State  Fair 
is  too  big  a  proposition  for  a  one-week  canvass  and  feels  like  petition- 
ing the  fair  board  to  give  the  exhibition,  tbe  sight-seer  and  the  inter- 
ested public  an  extension  of  time  of  at  least  four  more  days.  The 
machinery  department  is  estimated  by  the  superintendent  of  that 
division  to  be  one-third  larger  than  at  any  former  fair  and  of  a  char- 
acter much  finer  in  display. 

BUILDING    OF    GREAT   VARIETY. 

The  big  agricultural  building  was  the  feature  of  general  attraction 
from  the  fact  of  its  general  character  of  exhibit.  This  building  provides 
for  the  fruit  and  floral  exhibits,  dairy,  bees  and  honey,  the  state  agri- 
cultural exhibit  by  counties  or  farms,  and  also  gives  space  to  land 
companies  and  outside  advertising  firms  and  farm  land  exhibits.  It 
has  many  features  of  display  of  interest  to  the  farmer,  horticulturist 
and  dairyman.  The  dairy  department  has  its  special  attractions  in 
this  building.  The  farm  products  display  was  larger  and  better  than 
at  any  former  fair.  The  fruit  was  not  so  good  in  quality,  but  in 
quantity  was  about  the  same  as  other  years.  This  building  provides 
the  visitor  with  the  greatest  variety  of  entertainment  of  any  place  on 
the  grounds;  it  also  takes  care  of  many  concessions  that  are  best 
served,  where  many  people  congregate  to  rest  and  take  their  time  to 
look  at  the  attractions  and  entertainment  features. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      779 

The  poultry  department  was  one  of  great  interest  to  many  visitors 
and  is  steadily  climbing  higher  in  exhibition  quality  each  year.  There 
were  1,650  fowls  in  the  coops,  100  more  than  last  year,  and  in  quality 
it  was  the  opinion  of  expert  judges  that  this  year's  display  has  never 
been  equaled.  The  prevailing  tendency  is  toward  the  breeding  of  the 
American  classes,  as  these  are  favorites  among  the  farmer  poultry 
raisers.  Another  prominent  feature  is  that  the  farmer  breeder  is  the 
foremost  exhibitor.  This  fair  has  discriminated  against  the  huckster 
exhibitor,  the  professional  exhibitor  who  fits  himself  out  with  a  line 
of  exhibition  fowls  and  makes  the  rounds  of  the  fair  solely  for  the 
premium  money  that  he  can  get  out  of  it.  No  one  can  now  display 
more  than  fifty  fowls;  this  disarms  the  huckster  exhibitor,  making 
the  money  incentive  too  small  to  justify  the  following  of  the  fair 
circuits. 

SALE    OF    BABY    CHICKS    QUITE    POPULAR. 

The  exhibition  of  large  incubators  with  a  capacity  of  from  1,200 
to  10,000  eggs  at  one  hatching,  was  a  matter  of  interest  to  many 
poultrymen  and  women.  The  sale  of  baby  chicks,  in  place  of  eggs 
for  hatching,  is  becoming  quite  popular  among  the  fanciers.  The 
chick  is  shipped  in  a  specially  constructed  pasteboard  crate  and  arrives 
at  its  destination  in  good  condition  ready  to  start  off  growing.  The 
poultry  department  of  the  Ames  Agricultural  College  made  several 
feature  exhibits  that  were  very  instructive;  among  them  were  the  kill- 
ing and  dressing  of  fowls,  the  trap  nest,  methods  of  feeding  for  eggs 
and  for  meat,  sanitation  of  poultry  and  poultry  quarters,  plans  for 
poultry  houses,  etc. 

The  sheep  department  was  about  up  to  average  years.  The  fine 
wool  classes  were  represented  by  the  Rambouillet,  American  merino 
and  the  three  types  of  Delaine  merino.  All  of  these  showed  together 
as  one  class,  except  the  Rambouillet,  which  stood  by  itself.  The  show 
as  a  whole  was  not  a  strong  one,  though  several  prominent  flocks  were 
present;  among  those  were  two  from  Ohio.  The  strong  type  character- 
istics of  each  distinct  breed  or  family  of  merinos  was  not  given  any 
consideration  by  the  judge,  which  put  the  exhibitors  at  a  loss  to  know 
what  the  founders  and  builders  of  these  various  breeds  had  accom- 
plished after  their  work  of  generations  of  men  and  sheep,  if  it  was  all 
to  be  lightly  cast  aside  by  the  actions  and  decisions  of  one  person,  who 
had  no  experience  as  a  breeder  and  handler  of  these  sheep.  The  mutton 
division  was  well  represented  by  prominent  flocks,  the  competition  close 
and  careful,  practical  judging  observed.  The  inquiry  for  breeding  rams 
was  very  encouraging  to  the  exhibitors  and  no  doubt  many  sales  will 
follow. 

The  cattle  department,  from  the  standpoint  of  quality  in  most  breeds, 
has  never  been  excelled.  The  dairy  breeds  were  never  so  fully  or  so  well 
represented  as  this  year.  The  Holstein,  Guernsey,  Jersey,  Ayrshire, 
Brown  Swiss  and  Red  Poll  were  all  prominent  in  the  show  ring,  the 
quality  being  exceptionally  good. 


780  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

The  beef  breeds,  the  center  of  interest  from  the  packers'  and  meat 
consumers'  standpoint,  were  regarded  with  a  great  deal  of  respect.  The 
big  animal  was  not  so  critically  scrutinized  in  search  of  minor  and  un- 
important defects  of  where  there  was  too  much  or  not  enough  fat,  but 
estimated  more  from  the  practical  common  sense  standpoint  of  value  as 
a  beef  producer.  After  all,  it  is  quality  and  quantity  combined  that  puts 
dollars   into  the   pocket  of  beef  growers. 

The  Short-horn  and  Angus  breeds  were  complained  of  by  some  cattle 
judges  as  not  being  quite  up  to  the  Iowa  State  fair  standard.  This  was  due 
mainly  to  some  breeders  not  exhibiting  who  have  formerly  helped  fill  up 
the  ranks.  The  Hereford  show  was  strong  and  merited  the  compliment 
it  received.  The  Galloway  class  is  always  good  in  quality,  but  not 
sufllciently  numerous  to  attract  the  attention  it  deserves.  The  cattle 
department  as  a  whole  was  one  of  the  shows  hard  to  beat. 

MORE  PORK  IX  THE   SAME  HIDE. 

The  swine  division  at  the  Iowa  State  fair  has  always  been  a  leading 
attraction.  It  is  a  throng  place,  made  so  by  its  numerous  exhibitors  and 
interested  visitors.  This  department  is  holding  its  own.  There  is  not 
much  variation  in  numbers  exhibited  or  interest  in  the  exhibition.  This 
year,  however,  there  is  quite  a  tendency  toward  the  larger  type  of  hog, 
especially  in  some  of  the  breeds  where  large  and  small  had  become  a 
distinguishing  feature  among  breeders.  Here  again  is  the  influence  of 
dollars  and  cents  exerting  its  argument  for  more  pork  in  the  same  hide. 
The  more  pork  that  can  be  produced  in  these  times  of  high-priced  meat 
the  better  it  suits  the  farmer.  It  is  selling  hogs  at  so  much  per  pound, 
not  measuring  bone,  that  interests  the  common  hog  raising  farmer.  The 
question  of  keeping  free  from  hog  cholera  is  still  commanding  the  atten- 
tion of  hog  raisers. 

The  horse  interests  are  still  moving  forward,  notwithstanding  the  auto- 
mobile and  the  truck  are  seemingly  infringing  on  the  work  of  the  horse. 
The  big  new  brick  barn  on  the  Iowa  State  fair  grounds,  filled  to  over- 
flowing with  horses  of  all  kinds,  from  the  diminutive  little  Shetland  to 
the  Percheron,  would  indicate  that  capital  and  business  management  still 
see  a  bright  outlook  for  the  horse,  the  team  on  the  farm.  The  new  barn 
is  only  two-fifths  its  contemplated  size;  it  now  accommodates  475  horses, 
and  when  completed  will  house  approximately  1,000  head.  The  show  of 
draft  horses  has  been  referred  to  as  very  fine,  the  greatest  show  of 
American-bred  horses  ever  made  at  this  fair.  Never  has  there  been  so 
many  Iowa  breeders  exhibiting.  Draft  horse  importers  who  generally 
make  a  strong  show  at  this  fair  were  not  able  to  get  their  fresh  importa- 
tions home,  consequently  were  not  present. 

PONIES   CATCH   "PA  AND  MA." 

The  pony  exhibit  was  very  fine;  over  150  ponies  were  on  exhibition, 
occupying  four  long  rows  of  stalls  in  the  big  barn.  The  interest  in  this 
show  cannot  be  described,  so  intense  was  the  excitement  and  anxiety  of 
sightseers  about  this  division.  It  was  not  only  a  boy  and  girl  show  in 
interest,  but  a  "Pa  and  Ma"  show  as  well. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XHI      781 

The  Iowa  State  college  building  is  one  of  the  greatest  points  of  interest 
on  the  fair  grounds.  This  is  a  large  exhibition  building  devoted  entirely 
to  the  use  of  the  agricultural  college  in  its  exhibition  of  what  the  college 
is  doing  at  Ames  as  nearly  as  can  be  from  a  presentation  of  exhibits  and 
demonstration  lectures  explanatory  of  the  various  departments  and  their 
work.  It  is  bringing  the  college  to  the  people,  and  thousands  get  an 
idea  of  agricultural  college  work  that  otherwise  never  would  become 
interested.  Each  department  is  in  charge  of  instructors.  It  is  an 
excellent  piece  of  extension  work. 

Approximately  100  boys,  each  representing  his  home  county,  were 
made  quite  conspicuous  on  the  fair  grounds  by  their  uniforms  and  their 
organized  appearance  on  all  parts  of  the  fair  grounds  each  day  of  the 
fair.  These  boys  were  the  proteges  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture, 
having  been  the  winners  of  a  statewide  essay  contest  conducted  by  the 
county  school  superintendents  of  the  several  counties.  The  boy  of  any 
public  school  receiving  the  first  prize  for  the  best  essay  on  Iowa  was  the 
elected  delegate  to  represent  his  county  at  the  state  fair,  all  his  expenses 
and  entertainment  to  be  paid  by  the  state  board.  The  boys  were  camped 
and  officered  by  their  own  members  under  the  supervision  of  the  state 
superintendent.  They  were  also  given  light  guard  duty  on  the  fair 
grounds  and  instructed  in  the  affairs  of  running  a  state  fair  so  far  as 
becoming  familiar  with  the  various  departments  was  concerned.  A  fine 
piece  of  state  fair  work  and  very  popular. 

The  old  soldier  was  not  neglected.  Thousands  of  these  old  veterans 
come  each  year  to  this  fair,  representing  almoist  every  state  in  the  union. 
This  feature  has  grown  in  popularity  until  visitors  from  the  Atlantic  to 
the  Pacific  and  from  the  gulf  to  Canada,  make  it  a  point  to  come  to  the 
grand  encampment  held  at  the  Iowa  State  fair.  They  are  in  the  main 
a  jolly,  happy,  social  lot  of  gray-haired  men.  There  is  a  pathetic  side  to 
this  picture  that  is  scarcely  appreciated  by  the  present  generation  of 
boys  and  girls.  Only  a  few  more  years  and  this  organization  and  this 
feature  of  the  Iowa  State  fair  will  have  passed  beyond. 


Farmer  &  Breeder,  Sioux  City,  la. 

THE  IOWA  STATE  FAIR. 

The  fifty-eighth  annual  Iowa  State  Fair  closed  on  Friday,  August  30. 
It  was  a  success  in  every  sense  of  the  word.  The  weather  was  ideal  for 
a  big  attendance.  True  it  was  hot  at  times,  but  the  heat  added  millions 
of  bushels  to  Iowa's  growing  corn  so  nobody  complained.  Thursday 
morning  the  sky  was  cloudy,  but  later  in  the  day  the  clouds  were 
routed  before  any  rain  fell.  With  the  weather  right,  the  best  crop  of 
small  grain  produced  in  many  years  safe  in  granary  or  stack,  and  the 
corn  making  big  strides  toward  one  of  the  biggest  crops  ever  produced 
in  Iowa,  it  is  not  surprising  that  the  attendance  was  over  2,000  larger 
than  last  year.  Had  the  railroads  granted  special  fair  rates  the  at- 
tendance would   undoubtedly  have  come  close  to   300,000;    as  it  was   it 


782  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

was  estimated  at  273,000  as  compared  with  270,700  last  year.  The  net 
profit  was  unofficially  placed  at  approximately  $30,000.  Total  receipts 
were  estimated  at  $180,000.  In  other  words,  the  fair  was  a  success 
financially. 

Financial  success  is  desirable,  but  it  is  more  important  that  it  should 
be  a  success  educationally  as  well  as  inspirationally.  In  these  respects 
the  big  exposition  did  not  lag.  Thousands  of  men  and  women  went 
home  with  new  ideas  in  farming  and  home-making.  Men  who  studied 
the  live  stock  exhibits,  the  agricultural  and  horticultural  products  were 
deeply  impressed  with  the  value  of  breeding  and  feeding  in  the  develop- 
ment of  Iowa's  great  live  stock  industry.  The  same  was  true  of  the 
women  folks  who  studied  the  many  things  pertaining  to  the  home.  New 
enthusiasm  was  kindled  in  the  minds  of  thousands  of  young  as  well  as 
older  men  in  the  latent  possibilities  of  Iowa  farms,  many  of  which  are  still 
awaiting  modern  methods  of  culture  and  management.  It  is  indeed  a 
privilege  to  attend  a  great  state  fair  in  these  days  of  high-priced  land 
when  everybody  is  looking  for  information  to  help  make  it  pay. 


As  usual,  the  live  stock  show  was  excellent.  The  Iowa  fair  has  for 
years  been  looked  upon  as  a  leader  among  state  fairs  in  the  number  and 
quality  of  draft  horses,  beef  cattle,  and  swine  on  exhibition  and  no  doubt 
its  past  record  will  be  upheld  this  year  when  the  show  season  has  ended. 
However,  a  number  of  the  leading  live  stock  exhibitors  did  not  appear 
in  the  ring  this  year,  and  a  percentage  of  the  stock  was  not  as  highly 
conditioned  as  it  has  been  in  former  years.  The  latter  condition  was 
undoubtedly  due  to  the  fact  that  feed  has  been  scarce  and  unusually  high 
in  price.  Though  some  of  the  leading  showmen,  who  usually  make  their 
initial  appearance  at  Des  Moines  each  season,  were  absent,  the  show  as  a 
whole  was  no  less  attractive  and  educational  than  those  of  past  years. 
In  some  respects  it  was  better.  It  was  more  of  a  farmer's  fair  and 
less  of  the  professional  showman's  fair.  The  places  of  some  of  the  leading 
breeders,  who  were  absent,  were  taken  by  new  men  and  new  herds  so 
far  as  the  Iowa  show  rings  were  concernd.  This  fact  points  to  still 
bigger  stock  shows  at  Des  Moines  in  the  future. 


The  draft  horse  show,  taking  everything  into  consideration,  was  one 
of  the  best  that  has  ever  been  held  at  Des  Moines.  Some  of  the  classes 
were  not  so  well  filled  and  were  perhaps  not  quite  so  good  from  a 
quality  point  of  view  as  they  have  been  in  former  years,  yet  others  were 
larger  and  better.  Many  notable  victories  were  won  in  the  horse  classes 
by  home-bred  stock.  This  was  particularly  true  of  the  Percheron  and 
Clydesdale  breeds.  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons  of  Rock  Rapids,  Iowa,  were 
the  leading  winners  of  Percheron  honors;  in  fact,  this  firm  won  more 
championships  than  has  ever  been  won  by  any  other  firm  at  one  fair. 
They  emerged  with  champion  stallion,  champion  mare,  champion  stallion 
owned  in  Iowa,  champion  mare  owned  in  Iowa,  Percheron  Society  of 
America  champion  stallion  and  mare  bred  and  owned  in  Iowa,  and  a  num- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  783 

ber  of  reserve  championships — making  nine  champion  and  reserve  cham- 
pionships out  of  a  possible  twelve. 

The  Clydesdale  show  was  perhaps  the  best  that  has  ever  been  made 
at  Des  Moines.  Home-bred  animals  were  more  conspicuous  than  usual 
and  they  fully  held  their  own  with  the  imported  ones.  This  was  espe- 
cially noticeable  in  the  mare  and  younger  stallion  classes.  The  Shires 
were  present  in  their  usual  form,  apparently  glorying  in  their  massive 
weight  and  great  power  combined  with  good  movement  and  style.  The 
principal  show  was  made  by  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm.  The  Belgian 
classes  were  a  hit  smaller  than  usual,  but  the  entries  showed  plenty  of 
quality.  The  judging  of  this  breed,  which  is  evidently  growing  in  pop- 
ularity, was  watched  with  considerable  interest  by  the  spectators  in  the 
great  judging  pavilion,  which,  by  the  way,  seemed  almost  constantly  filled 
to  its  capacity  this  year. 

The  futurity  colt  show  created  much  interest  everywhere;  it  was  a 
pronounced  success  in  every  respect.  The  Chicago  Live  Stock  World, 
which  established  this  feature  last  year  and  has  been  promoting  it  ever 
since,  deserves  great  credit  for  the  work  it  has  done.  The  entries  for  the 
event  this  year  consisted  of  thirty-three  Percheron,  nineteen  Shire, 
eighteen  Belgian  and  fourteen  Clydesdale  colts — including  both  stallions 
and  fillies.  As  a  result  of  these  futurity  shows  breeders  are  taking  more 
interest  in  developing  their  colts  and  thus  much  good  is  being  accom- 
plished, for  only  by  keeping  the  colts  coming  steadily  along  from  birth 
to  maturity  can  big  draft  horses  of  the  desired  weight  be  produced. 


Some  of  the  beef  breeds  of  cattle  were  not  so  well  represented  as 
usual;  neither  were  there  as  many  exhibitors.  There  were  perhaps  as 
many  good  ones  among  the  ribbon  winners  of  the  Short-horns,  but  there 
were  fewer  from  which  to  select  them.  Quite  a  number  lacked  fitting  to 
compare  favorably  with  the  company  in  which  they  were  placed.  How- 
ever, the  showing  made  was  on  the  whole  very  creditable.  The  Herefords 
were  out  in  full  force — all  in  their  Sunday  clothes.  Practically  all  classes 
made  an  unusually  good  showing.  They  undoubtedly  made  a  deep  im- 
pression upon  the  spectators  in  the  judging  amphitheater  and  especially 
upon  prospective  buyers  of  feeding  cattle.  The  Angus  breeders  made 
their  usual  good  impression  upon  the  crowds  with  their  smooth  Doddies 
that  waste  no  feed  on  superfluous  bone  development.  Their  cattle  were 
in  fine  condition  for  the  show  ring.  Among  the  Polled  Durhams  there 
were  some  unusually  fine  specimens  of  the  breed,  showing  that  progress 
is  being  made  from  year  to  year  in  the  development  of  these  hornless 
Shorthorns,  but  the  number  on  exhibition  was  much  smaller  than  last 
year.  The  Galloway  show  was  much  the  same  as  it  has  been  in  former 
years,  though  a  little  smaller. 

The  show  of  dairy  cattle  was  considerably  larger  than  a  year  ago.  In- 
cluding the  Red  Polls  with  the  dairy  breeds,  there  were  455  head  as  com- 
pared with  360  last  year.  Holsteins  were  much  more  numerous  than 
they  have  ever  been  before  and  the  quality  was  fully  up  to  standard. 
The  Jerseys  made  a  very  fine  showing.  Guernseys,  Ayrshires,  and  Brown 


784  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Swiss  were  represented  by  a  few  herds.  The  Red  Polls,  which  are 
classed  as  a  dual-purpose  breed,  presented  a  very  fine  appearance.  The 
entries  made  amounted  to  133  as  compared  with  eighty-seven  in  1911. 
Some  of  the  classes  were  very  large.  The  Red  Poll  show  was  stronger 
than  any  made  at  Des  Moines  in  former  years. 


The  swine  pavilion  was  crowded  to  its  capacity  and  must  have  held 
in  the  neighborhood  of  2,000  hogs.  The  Duroc-Jerseys  seemed  to  be  the 
most  numerous,  though  the  Poland-Chinas  must  have  been  close  seconds. 
Chester-Whites,  Hampshires,  Berkshires,  and  Large  Yorkshires  were  all 
well  represented.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say  that  the  hog  show  was 
fully  up  to  standard.  Breeders  found  a  strong  demand  for  good  breed- 
ing stock  at  satisfactory  prices.  There  seemed  to  be  a  pronounced  dis- 
position among  buyers  to  look  for  quality  rather  than  for  low  prices. 
High-priced  feed  and  high-priced  pork  are  powerful  stimulants  to  growers 
to  improve  their  breeding  herds. 


The  individual  farm  displays  of  which  there  were  ten,  were  inter- 
esting because  they  were  nicely  arranged.  They  were  made  by  owners 
of  80-acre  farms  and  therefore  called  special  attention  to  holdings  of 
that  size.  To  those  who  understand  how  such  exhibits  are  gotten  up, 
however,  they  do  not  make  a  very  strong  appeal.  They  become  merely 
a  few  bundles  of  grain  and  grasses  nicely  tied  together  and  hung  up 
on  the  walls  in  an  artistic  manner.  The  effect  of  this  is  heightened  by 
a  nice  assortment  of  vegetables  spread  out  on  shelves  or  tables  under- 
neath the  decorated  wall  space.  In  the  background  is  the  name  of  the 
farm  nicely  worked  out  in  moss  or  some  other  suitable  materials.  Such 
displays  are  pleasing  to  the  eye,  but  they  convey  no  information  of 
value  to  the  practical  farmer.  Most  of  the  specimens  one  sees  in  such 
displays  are  grown  especially  for  the  fair  and  in  reality  do  not  show  how 
the  80-acre  farm,  which  they  are  supposed  to  represent,  is  being  man- 
aged nor  whether  the  methods  actually  followed  are  profitable  or  not. 
Besides  being  nice  to  look  at,  why  should  not  these  individual  farm 
exhibits  show  something  of  the  actual  results  obtained  on  these  farms? 

Why  not  pick  out  a  dozen  farms  or  so  in  various  parts  of  the 
state  that  are  managed  by  up-to-date,  progaessive  men  and  have  careful 
records  kept  on  them  for  a  year  or  a  series  of  years,  and  then  show 
definitely  what  has  been  accomplished.  The  rotation  followed,  if  any, 
could  be  shown.  Seed  bed  preparation  could  be  illustrated  and  yields 
obtained  could  be  recorded.  The  whole  scheme  of  management  could 
readily  be  illustrated  by  means  of  contour  soil  maps  showing  the  farms 
themselves. 


The  fruit  exhibits  in  Horticultural  Hall  were  pleasing  and  educational 
in  that  they  called  special  attention  to  the  varieties  best  suited  to  Iowa 
conditions.  The  display  of  Jonathan,  Winesap,  Delicious,  and  North- 
western Greening  apples  was  very  fine.     Those  who  were  specially  in- 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  785 

terested  in  good  farm  orchards  or  in  the  growing  of  fruit  on  a  com- 
mercial scale  learned  from  one  of  the  leading  fruit  exhibitors  that  he 
attributes  his  success  in  fruit  growing  during  the  last  few  years  to  the 
use  of  smudges  in  his  orchards.  Two  years  ago  when  the  frost  destroyed 
the  apple  crop  over  the  greater  part  of  Iowa  this  man  saved  a  12-acre 
orchard  by  lighting  smudge  pots  between  every  square  of  four  trees. 
This  made  a  good  deal  of  work  and  cost  considerable  money,  but  it  paid 
handsomely  because  apples  brought  a  fancy  price  that  fall.  The  few 
who  can  manage  to  raise  big  crops  when  others  raise  little  or  nothing 
are  the  men  who  succeed  best. 


The  agricultural  display  was  not  up  to  standard.  The  corn  show  was 
very  poor.  The  latter  part  of  August  is,  of  course,  too  early  for  new 
corn  in  Iowa,  but  if  it  is  desirable  to  show  corn  at  all,  the  display  ought 
at  least  to  do  credit  to  the  state  and  not  be  composed  of  a  lot  of  mis- 
cellaneous samples  that  would  be  ruled  out  at  a  county  fair.  The  corn 
on  display  certainly  was  not  representative  of  Iowa's  crop  and  should 
never  have  been  given  space  on  the  half  empty  shelves  on  which  it  was 
found.  The  products  of  the  grain  fields  have  not  been  properly  displayed 
at  Des  Moines  for  many  years.  We  are  unable  to  divine  a  reason  for  this 
lack  of  interest  in  this  important  field.  Surely  Iowa  farmers  produce 
grains  that  are  worthy  of  a  prominent  place  in  Agricultural  Hall. 


Some  of  the  exhibits  of  the  Iowa  State  College  were  most  instructive. 
Among  these  was  a  soil  map  of  the  state  showing  that  co-operative 
experiments  in  the  growing  of  corn,  small  grains,  and  alfalfa  are  being 
conducted  in  all  the  counties  except  five.  Furthermore,  that  good  stands 
of  alfalfa  have  been  obtained  in  at  least  90  counties  in  the  state,  though 
unsuccessful  attempts  have  also  been  made  in  some  of  the  counties. 
From  a  general  view  of  the  map,  however,  one  got  the  impression  that 
this  valuable  legume  can  be  grown  all  over  the  state  if  the  ground  is 
properly  prepared  therefor.  There  may  be  restricted  sections  where  the 
soil  is  underlaid  with  hardpan  or  where  good  drainage  is  lacking  that 
are  not  suitable  for  alfalfa,  but  the  experiments  mentioned  corroborate 
the  opinion  expressed  by  this  journal  for  several  years  that  there  is 
comparatively  little  land  in  Iowa  on  which  this  valuable  forage  plant 
can  not  be  grown  to  advantage.  It  is  time  for  farmers  in  the  corn  belt 
to  pay  more  attention  to  this  forage  plant  w^hich  forms  such  a  valuable 
adjunct  to  corn  silage  for  beef  as  well  as  milk  production. 

Another  exhibit  in  the  Iowa  State  College  building  was  a  concrete 
illustration  of  the  results  that  have  recently  been  obtained  at  that 
institution  in  pig-feeding  experiment.  Stuffed  pigs  were  placed  in  four 
pens,  the  first  representing  a  dry  lot,  the  second  a  rape  pasture,  the 
third  a  clover  pasture  and  the  fourth  an  alfalfa  pasture.  Printed  cards 
over  each  pen  showed  that  pork  had  been  produced  at  a  cost  of  5.21 
cents  per  pound  in  the  dry  lot,  at  3.8  cents  on  rape  pasture,  at  3.7  cents 
on  clover  pasture,  and  at  3.4  cents  on  alfalfa  pasture.  The  pastures  in 
50 


786 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


each  case  were  supplemented  with  grain,  but  a  proper  valuation  was 
assigned  to  the  pasture  fields  in  calculating  results.  One  acre  of  rape 
produced  677  pounds  of  pork;  one  of  clover,  728  pounds;  and  one  of 
alfalfa,  744  pounds.  This  concrete  representation  of  facts  was  very 
impressive,  and  undoubtedly  made  an  indelible  impression  upon  the 
minds  of  many  farmers  whose  attention  was  gained  through  the  novelty 
of  the  plan  of  presentation.  The  lesson  taught  was  clear  cut:  Use  more 
pasture  crops  for  pork  production.  Grow  the  pigs  on  cheap,  healthful 
feed,  and  then  finish  them  on  corn  properly  balanced  with  high-protein 
products. 


^b3^ 


Good  Stands  of  Alfalfa  Have  Been  Obtained  in  at  Least  Ninety  of  the  Counties  of 
Iowa.— Courtesy  Iowa  Agricultural  College, 


AWARDS 

IN 

LIVE  STOCK  DEPARTMENTS 


IOWA  STATE  FAIR  AND  EXPOSITION 

1912 


HORSE  DEPARTMENT. 
Superintendent Chas.  F.  Curtiss,   Ames,   Iowa. 

PERCHERONS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Anita  Horse  Co.,  Anita,  Iowa;  Harold  Anderson,  Cambridge,  III.;  Geo. 
Baker,  Newton,  Iowa;  W.  H.  S.  Barnett,  Dexter,  Iowa;  Brown  &  Walker, 
Clarinda,  Iowa;  John  Cameron,  Audubon,  Iowa;  W.  S.  Corsa,  White 
Hall,  111.;  Crawford  &  Griffin,  Newton,  Iowa;  Wm.  Crownover,  Hudson, 
Iowa;  C.  B.  Dannen  &  Sons,  Melbourne,  Iowa;  Dunhams,  Wayne,  111.; 
Geo.  Eggert,  Newton,  Iowa;  J.  C.  Ewing,  Farmington,  111.;  Finch  Bros., 
Joilet  and  Verona,  111.;  E.  N.  Gates,  Newton,  Iowa;  Hiilcrest  Farm,  Ot- 
tumwa,  Iowa;  E.  M.  Hoagland,  Promise  City,  111.;  Chas.  Holland,  Spring- 
field, Mo.;  E.  L.  Humbert,  Corning,  Iowa;  Iowa  Agricultural  College, 
Ames,  Iowa;  Chas.  Irvine,  Ankeny,  Iowa;  C.  E.  Jones,  Rippey,  Iowa;  J. 
T.  Judge,  Carroll,  Iowa;  Geo.  M.  McCray,  Fithian,  111.;  H.  G.  McMillan  & 
Sons,  Rock  Rapids,  Iowa;  F.  M.  Myers,  Eldora,  Iowa;  Martin  Nelson, 
Cambridge,  Iowa;  J.  S.  Oakman,  Blandinsville,  111.;  J.  L.  Risley,  Ames, 
Iowa;  W.  W.  Seeley,  Stuart,  Iowa;  E.  R.  Shaw,  Oneida,  111.;  R.  N.  Thomp- 
son, Cowden,  111.;  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm,  Bushnell,  111.;  I.  W. 
Wambold,  Stuart,  Iowa;   F.  W.  Weinrich,  Geneseo,  111. 


Judge Wm.  Bell,  Wooster,  Ohio. 

Stallion  Four  Yeais  or  Over — First,  Incruste,  61595,  H.  G.  McMillan  & 
Sons;  second,  Interprete,  80503,  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  third, 
French  Premier,  53995,  W.  W.  Seeley;  fourth,  Isocrate,  70608,  Crawford 
&  Griffin;  fifth,  Irrite,  70272,  Martin  Nelson;  sixth,  Istroth,  64979,  Geo. 
Baker, 


788  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Stallion  Over  Three,  Under  Two — First,  Joujou,  84455,  Dunhams;  sec- 
ond, Johannisberg,  (84107),  Dunhams;  third,  Janze,  88423,  Dunhams; 
fourth,  Janssen,  89205,  Dunhams;  fifth,  Jaley.  81593-84784,  Wm.  Crown- 
over;   sixth,  Fremont,  69967,  F.  W.  Weinrich. 

Stallion  Over  Three,  Under  Tico — First,  Kourbet,  92031,  Dunhams;  sec- 
ond, Kolonel,  (93076),  Dunhams;  third,  Kaifoung,  (92653),  Dunhams; 
fourth,  Lunar,  79279,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  fifth,  Kanova,  90926,  Dun- 
hams. 

Stallion  Over  One,  Under  Two — First,  Carlant,  86615,  W.  S.  Corsa; 
second.  Carbon,  86617,  W.  S.  Corsa;  third.  Matador,  86310,  H.  G.  Mc- 
Millan &  Sons;   fourth,  Jocko,  86281,  J.  T.  Judge. 

Stallion  Foal — First,  Buster,  86708,  Martin  Nelson;  second,  Victor, 
J.  L.  Risley;  third,  Belmonte,  Brown  and  Walker;  fourth.  Caption, 
86709,  Martin  Nelson. 

Stallion  Three  Years  or  Over,  Bred  hy  Exhihitor — First,  French 
Premier,  53995,  W.  W.  Seeley. 

Stallion  Under  Three,  Bred  hij  Exhihitor — First,  Lunar,  79279,-  H.  G. 
McMillan  &  Sons;  third,  Carlant,  86615,  W.  S.  Corsa;  third.  Carbon, 
86617,  W.  S.  Corsa;   fourth.  Comet,  77989,  Martin  Nelson. 

Mare  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Rosine,  65953,  H.  G.  McMillan  & 
Sons;  second,  America,  45755,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  third,  Gelive, 
70392,  Finch  Bros.;  fourth,  Histoire,  67621,  Hillcrest  Farm;  fifth,  Sula, 
55397,  W.  H.  S.  Barnett. 

Filly  Over  Three,  Under  Four — First,  Jongleusse,  82340,  C.  B.  Dannen 
&  Sons;  second,  Lady  Perfection,  68287,  C.  B.  Dannen  &  Sons;  third, 
Jane,  70889,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  fourth,  Gracia,  70349,  H.  G.  Mc- 
Millan &  Sons;  fifth,  Fortune,  67646,  F.  W.  Weinrich. 

Filly  Over  Two,  Under  Three— First,  Grey  Perfection,  70286,  C.  B. 
Dannen  &  Sons;  second  Roselle,  78747,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  third, 
Mabel,  73569,  Finch  Bros.;  fourth,  Diamond,  76587,  W.  H.  S.  Barnett; 
fifth,  Hesper,  82853,  Hillcrest  Farm. 

Filly  Over  One,  Under  Tivo — First,  Lottano,  84439,  W.  S.  Corsa;  sec- 
ond, Folito,  86613,  W.  S.  Corsa;  third,  Empreto,  86614,  W.  S.  Corsa; 
fourth,  Geneseo  Gem,   81941,  F.  W.  Weinrich. 

Mare  Foal— First,  Carnot's  Maid,  86282,  J.  T.  Judge;  second,  W.  H.  S. 
Barnett;   third.  Miss  Helix,  Brown  and  Walker. 

Mare  Three  Years  or  Over,  Bred  T)y  Exhihitor — First,  Rosine  65953, 
H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  second.  Lady  Perfection,  C.  B.  Dannen  &  Sons; 
third,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  fourth,  Gracia,  70349,  H.  G.  McMillan  & 
Sons;   fifth.  Queen  B,  61765,  W.  H.  S.  Barnett. 

Mare  Under  Three,  Bred  l)y  Exhihitor — First,  Lottano,  84439,  W.  S. 
Corsa;  second,  Grey  Perfection,  C.  B.  Dannen  &  Sons;  third,  Roselle, 
78747,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  fourth,  Folito,  86613,  W.  S.  Corsa;  fifth, 
Empreto,  86614,  W.  S.  Corsa. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      789 

Champion  Stallion — First,  Incruste,  61595,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  sec- 
ond, Kourbet,    (92031),  Dunhains. 

Champion  Mare — First,  Rosine,  65953,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;   second, 
America,  45755,  H.  G.  McMillatt  &  Song. 

Champion  Stallion  Owned  in  7oi(?a-^First,   Incruste,   61595,   H.  G.  Mc- 
millan  &  Sons;  second,  Lunar,  79279,  H.  G.-  McMillan  &  Sons. 

Champion  Mare  Owned  in  Iowa — First,  Rosine^  65953,  H.  G.  McMillan 
&  Sons;   second,  America,  45755,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons. 

Get  of  Stallion— 'First,  W.  S.  Corsa;   second,  and  fourth,  H.  G.  McMil- 
lan &  Sons;  third,  C.  B.  Danneh;  fifth,,  W.-  W.  Seeley. 

Produce   of  Mare— Firsts    C.    B.    Danneh    &    Sons;    second,    H.    G.    Mc- 
Millan &  Sons;  third,  M.  J.  Nelson;  fourth,  W.  H.  S.  Barnett. 

Grand  Dispiay-^First,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;   second,  C.  B.  Dannen  & 
Sons. 

Five  Stallions  Owned  hy  Exhihitors — Dunhams. 


SPECIALS  OFFERED  BY  THE  PERCHERON  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA. 

Stallion  Three  Years  Old  and)  Over,  Bred  and  Owned  hy  ExhiMtor — 
First,   French  Premier,   53995,  W.  W.   Seeley. 

Stallion  Under  Three,  Bred  and  Oioned  hy  Exhiditor — First,  Lunar, 
79279,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  second,  Carlant,  86615,  W.  S.  Corsa;  third, 
Carbon,  86617,  W.  S.  Corsa. 

Champion  Stallion  Bred  and  Owned  by  Exhibitor — First,  Lunar,  79279, 
H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;   second,  French  Premier,  53995,  W.  W.  Seeley. 

Mare  Three  Years  or  Over,  Bred  and  Owned  hy  Exhibitor — First,  Rosine, 
65953,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  second,  Lady  Perfection,  68287,  C.  B 
Dannen  &  Sons;  third,  Jane,  70889,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  fourth, 
Gracia,  70349,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons. 

Mare  Under  Three,  Bred  and  Owned  hy  Exhihitor — First,  Lottano, 
84439,  W.  S.  Corsa;  second.  Grey  Perfection,  70286,  C.  B.  Dannen  &  Sons; 
third,  Roselle,  78747,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons. 

Champion  Mare,  Bred  and  Owned  hy  Exhihitor — First,  Rosine,  65953, 
H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  second.  Grey  Perfection,  70286,  C.  B.  Dannen  & 
Sons. 

Get  of  Stallion— First,  W.  S.  Corsa;  second  and  fourth,  H.  G.  McMillan 
&  Sons;  third,  C.  B.  Dannen  &  Sons. 

Produce  of  Mare — First,  C.  B.  Dannen  &  Sons;  second,  H.  G.  McMillan 
&  Sons;  third,  Martin  Nelson;  fourth,  W.  H.  S.  Barnett. 

Champion  Stud— First,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  second,  C.  B.  Dannen 
&  Sons. 

Five   Stallions   Owned   hy  Exhihitor — First,   Dunhams. 


790 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


CHAMPION  PERCHERON  MARE 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 

Champion  Stallion,  Open  Class— First,  Incruste,  61595,  H.  G.  McMillan 
&  Sons;   second,  Kourbet,  92031,  Dunhams. 

Champion  Mare,   Open  Class — First,  Rosine,   65953,   H.   G.   McMillan  & 
Sons;    second,   America,   45755,   H.   G.   McMillan  &   Sons. 


PERCHERON  FUTURITY   SPECIALS. 

Stallion  Section— First,  Carlant,  86615,  W.  S.  Corsa;  second,  Carbon, 
86617,  W.  S.  Corsa;  third.  Matador,  86310,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons; 
fourth.  Jocko,  86281,  J.  T.  Judge;  fifth.  Comet,  77989,  M.  J.  Nelson;  sixth, 
J.  Fawnzule,  81224,  E.  M.  Hoagland;  seventh,  Jerard,  85519,  H.  G.  Mc- 
Millan &  Sons;  eighth,  King  James,  85777,  F.  M.  Myers;  ninth,  Loulaba, 
85384,  Crawford  and  Griffen;  tenth.  Corrector,  85516,  H.  G.  McMillan  & 
Sons;  eleventh.  Bandmaster,  82794,  John  Cameron;  twelfth,  Intro,  86320, 
H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons. 

Filly  Section— First,  Lottano,  84439,  W.  S.  Corsa;  second,  Folito, 
86613,  W.  S.  Corsa;   third,  Empreto,  86614,  W.  S.  Corsa;   fourth,  Geneseo 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  791 

Gene,  81941,  P.  W.  Weinrich;  fifth,  Elsetta,  85534,  H.  G.  McMillan  & 
Sons;  sixth,  Hymneto,  84991,  W.  S.  Corsa;  seventh,  Mona,  87092,  Sheehan 
Bros.;  eighth,  Aline,  85436,  J.  C.  Ewing;  ninth,  Ruth,  85306,  Iowa  State 
College;  tenth,  Bird,  79828,  C.  B.  Dannen  &  Sons;  eleventh,  Carnota, 
86532,  E.  Shaw;  twelfth.  Favorite,  84464,  C.  F.  Jones. 

Corsa  Special— First,  Aline,  85436,  J.  C.  Ewing;  second,  Carnota,  86532, 
E.  Shaw. 

McMillan  Special— First,  Ruth,  85306,  Iowa  State  College. 


FRENCH   DRAFT. 
EXHIBITOE. 

Justin  D.  McCarthy,  Ames,  Iowa. 

AWAEDS. 

Judge T.  W.  Bell,  Chicago,  111. 

Stallion   Over  One,   under   Two — First,   Blucher,   22320,   Justin   D.   Mc- 
Carthy. 


CLYDESDALES. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Peter  Birgen,  New  Hampton,  Iowa;  J.  J.  Brannon,  Waucoma,  Iowa; 
Coyngham  Bros.,  Wilkesbarre,  Pennsylvania;  Crawford  &  Griffin,  New- 
ton, Iowa;  H.  H.  Ford,  Storm  Lake,  Iowa;  Alex  Galbraith  &  Sons, 
DeKalb,  111.;  Laban  Harrison,  Prescott,  Iowa;  Hildebrand  Bros.,  Glad- 
brook,  Iowa;  W.  V.  Hixson,  Marengo,  Iowa;  Iowa  Agricultural  College, 
Ames,  Iowa;  J.  Leitch  &  Sons,  LaFayette,  111.;  McLay  Bros.,  Janesville, 
Wis.;  Jas.  Pedley,  Britt,  Iowa;  Frank  Shekleton,  Lawler,  Iowa;  A.  G. 
Soderberg,  Osco,   111.;    South  Bros.,  Orion,  111. 

AVTARDS. 

Judge Wm.   McKirdy,   Napinka,  Man. 

Stallion  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Dreadnaught,  16260,  Alex  Gal- 
braith &  Son;  second,  Rinaldo,  15435.  J.  Leitch  &  Sons:  third.  West- 
ward Ho,  14495,  Frank  Shekleton;  fourth.  Forest  King,  14076,  James 
Pedley;  fifth.  Royal  Irwin,  16156,  McLay  Bros.;  sixth,  Goldrock,  14494, 
Peter  Birgen. 

Stallion  Over  Three,  Under  Four — First,  King  Norman,  16159,  McLay 
Bros.;  second,  Boreland,  16259,  Alex  Galbraith  &  Son;  third.  Prince 
Cedric,  16656,  H.  H.  Ford;  fourth,  Lord  Halsbury,  16145,  J.  Leitch  & 
Sons;  fifth.  General  Williams,  16655,  Alex  Galbraith  &  Son;  sixth, 
Glenmorag,  16261,  Alex  Galbraith  &  Son. 


792  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Stallion  Over  Two,  Under  Three — First,  Osco  Pride,  15470,  A.  G.  Soder- 
berg;  second,  Russell,  16062,  Laban  Harrison;  third,  Prince  Argosy, 
15810,  Alex  Galbraith  &  Son;  fourth,  Lord  Balcarries,  16160,  McLay  Bros.; 
fifth,  Osco  Stuart,  15468,  A.  G.  Soderberg. 

Stallion  Over  One,  Under  Tivo — First,  Charnock,  16401,  Alex  Galbraith 
&  Son;  second.  Monarch,  16651,  J.  Leitch  &  Sons;  third.  Baron  Caliph, 
16592,  W.  V.  Hixson;   fourth.  The  Model  Prince,  6387,  W.  V.  Hixson. 

Stallion  Foal — First,  Pride  of  Hope,  South  Bros. 

Stallion  Three  Years  or  Over,  Bred  hy  Exhibitor — First,  Forest  King, 
14076,  Jas.  Pedley;  second,  Reliance,  14938,  W.  V.  Hixson;  third,  Oscar 
Doune,  16137,  J.  J.  Brannon;  fourth,  Keir  Dauntless,  2nd,  14986,  J. 
Leitch  &  Sons;    fifth.  Baron  Dounes  Choice,  15092,  Frank  Shekleton. 

Stallion  Under  Three,  Bred  hy  Exhibitor — First,  Osco  Pride,  15470,  A. 
G.  Soderberg;  second.  Baron  Caliph,  16592,  W.  V.  Hixson;  third,  Osco 
Stuart,  15468,  A.  G.  Soderberg;   fourth,  Kenneth,  16597,  W.  V.  Hixson. 

Mare  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Osco  Bloss,  12056,  A.  G.  Soderberg; 
second.  May  Palmerston,  15994,  W.  V.  Hixson;  third.  Lady  De  Bathe, 
14638,  McLay  Bros.;  fourth.  Floss,  16780,  Finch  Bros.;  fifth,  Osco  Sweet- 
ness, 11117,  South  Bros. 

Mare  Over  Three,  Under  Four — First,  Graceful  Lady,  14854,  McLay 
Bros.;  second,  Beauty's  Maid,  14857,  South  Bros.;  third.  Pride  of  Avon- 
aale,  14663,  J.  Leitch  &  Sons. 

Filly  Over  Two,  Under  Three— First,  Clifton  Bell,  15530,  W.  V.  Hix- 
son; second,  Osco  Rose,  15467,  A.  G.  Soderberg;  third,  Airlie  Queen, 
15979,  J.  Leitch  &  Sons;  fourth,  Flossie,  15862,  W.  V.  Hixson;  fifth, 
Florence,  15552,  South  Bros. 

Filly  Over  One,  Under  Two — First,  Lady  Caliph,  16601,  W.  V.  Hixson; 
second,  Princess  Mae,  16807,  H.  H.  Ford;  third,  Osco  Bell,  16279,  A.  G. 
Soderberg;    fourth,  Irene,  16609,   J.  Leitch  &  Sons. 

Mare  Foal — First,  Lady  Stuart,  W.  V.  Hixson;  second.  Lady  Demure, 
McLay  Bros.;    third.  Lady  Favorite,  W.  V.  Hixson. 

Mare  Three  Years  or  Over,  Bred  by  Exhibitor — First,  Graceful  Lady, 
14854,  McLay  Bros.;  second,  Osco  Bloss,  12056,  A.  G.  Soderberg;  third, 
May  Palmerston,  15994,  W.  V.  Hixson;  fourth.  Pride  of  Avondale,  14663, 
J.  Leitch  &  Sons;   fifth.  Lady  Palmerston,  13565,  W.  V.  Hixson. 

Mare  Under  Three,  Bred  by  Exhibitor — First,  Osco  Baron's  Sweetness, 
15466,  A.  G.  Soderberg;  second.  Lady  Caliph,  16601,  W.  V.  Hixson;  third. 
Princess  Mae,  16807,  H.  H.  Ford;  fourth,  Lady  Favorite,  W.  V.  Hixson; 
fifth,  Clifton  Bell,  15530,  W.  V.  Hixson. 

Champion  Stallion — First,  Charnock,  16401,  Alex  Galbraith  &  Son;  sec- 
ond, King  Norman,  16159,  McLay  Bros. 

Champion  Mare — First,  Graceful  Lady,  14854,  McLay  Bros.;  second. 
Lady  Caliph,  16601,  W.  V.  Hixson. 

Champion  Stallion,  Owned  in  Iowa — First,  Cedric,  16656,  H.  H.  Ford; 
second.  Westward  Ho,  14495,  Frank  Shekleton. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  793 

Champion  Mare,  Owned  in  lovm — First,  Lady  Caliph,  16601,  W  .V.  Hix- 
son;  second.  Princess  Mae,  16807,  H.  H.  Ford. 

Get  of  Stallion — First,  A.  G.  Soderberg;  second,  W.  V.  Hixson;  third, 
McLay  Bros. 

Produce  of  Mare — First,  and  second  W.  V.  Hixson;  third,  J.  Leitch  & 
Sons;   fourth.  South  Bros. 

Grand  Display — First,  A.  G.  Soderberg;  second,  McLay  Bros.;  third 
and  fourth,  W.  V.  Hixson. 

Five  8talUo7is  Oicned  hy  Exhibitor — Alex  Galbraith. 

CLYDESDALE  FUTURITY  SPECIALS. 

Stallion  Section — First,  Charnock,  16401,  Alex  Galbraith;  second. 
Monarch,  16651,  J.  Leitch  &  Sons;  third.  Baron  Caliph,  16592,  W.  V. 
Hixson;  fourth.  The  Model  Prince,  16387,  McLay  Bros.;  fifth,  Kemeth, 
16597,  W.  V.  Hixson;  sixth,  McSandy,  16771,  Iowa  State  College;  sev- 
enth, Osco  Peter,  16116,  A.  G.  Soderberg. 

Filly  Section — First,  Lady  Caliph,  16601,  W.  V.  Hixson;  second,  Prin- 
cess Mae,  16807,  H.  H.  Ford;  third,  Osco  Bell,  16279,  A.  G.  Soderberg; 
fourth,  Irene,  16609,  J.  Leitch  &  Son;  fifth,  June  C,  16222,  South  Bros.; 
sixth,  Lilly  Caliph,  16598,  J.  C.  South;  seventh.  Princess  Isabelle  2nd, 
Hildebrand  Bros. 


ENGLISH   SHIRES. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Wm.  Crownover,  Hudson,  Iowa;  Robt.  Dyer,  Pleasantville,  Iowa;  Geo. 
Eggert,  Newton,  Iowa;  Finch  Bros.,  Joilet  and  Verona,  111.;  Alex  Gal- 
braith &  Sons,  DeKalb,  111.;  Wm.  Hopley  Est.,  Atlantic,  Iowa;  Frank  E. 
Huston,  Waukee,  Iowa;  Geo.  M.  McCray,  Fithian,  111.;  Reuben  Meyers, 
Fithian,  111.;  Jno.  R.  Rittenhouse,  Mahomet,  Illinois;  Jno.  A.  Sage, 
Ankeny,  Iowa;  A.  G.  Soderberg,  Osco,  111.;  Thurman's  Woodbine  Place, 
Blanchard,  Iowa;  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm,  Bushnell,  111.;  F.  J. 
Woltman,   Cedar  Falls,   Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge R.    B.    Ogilvie,    Chicago,    111. 

Stallion  Four  Years  or  Oi;er— First,  Dunsmore  Willington  Boy,  III, 
(27294),  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  second,  Ashbeach  Excelsior, 
Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  third,  Modlar  Duke,  (25424),  Truman's 
Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  fourth,  Mardresfield  Ermine,  (30074),  Truman's 
Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  fifth,  Abbott's  Haymaker,  (26950),  Truman's 
Pioneer  Stud  Farm. 

Stallion  Over  Three,  Under  Four— First,  Lord  Carlton,  (30068),  Tru- 
man's Pioneer  Stud  Farm;   second,  Dunsmore  Royal  Lad,    (29338),  Tru- 


794  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

man's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  third,  March  Pioneer,  (28983),  Truman's 
Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  fourth,  Buster  Brown  III,  12050,  Wm.  Crownover; 
fifth.  Dyer's  King,  11190,  Robt.  Dyer.  , 

Stallion  Over  Two,  Under  Three — First,  Carlton  King,  (300'77),  Tru- 
man's Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  second,  Comet  VIII,  (29257),  Truman's  Pio- 
need  Stud  Farm;  third,  Sarfleet  King,  (29922),  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud 
Farm;    fourth,   Burgh  Harold,    (29181),  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm. 

Stallion  Over  One,  Under  ri(;o— First,  Carlton  Royal  Grey,  (30078), 
Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  second,  Cecil  Rhodes,  12701,  J.  R.  Rit- 
tenhouse;  third,  Bourgeon's  Flash,  13192,  Geo.  M.  McCray;  fourth,  Eugene 
of  Enfield,  12669,  Geo.  M.  McCray. 

Stallion  Foal — First,  Maple  Dale  Masterpiece,  13227,  Wm.  Crownover; 
second,  J.  A.  Sage. 

Stallion  Three  Years  or  Over,  Bred  ly  ExhiHtor — First,  Dyer's  King, 
11190,  Robt.  Dyer. 

Stallion  Under  Three,  Bred  T)y  ExhiHtor — First,  Brown  Bob,  Geo,  Eg- 
gert;  second,  Osco  Joy,  12485,  A.  G.  Soderberg;  third.  Finch  Bros.; 
fourth,   Maple  Dale  Masterpiece,  13227,  Wm.  Crownover. 

Mare  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Dowsby  Sunbeam,  12735,  Alex  Gal- 
braith  &  Son;  second,  Nottingham  Energy,  10712,  Wm.  Hopley,  Est.; 
third,  Lady  Brown,  10973,  Frank  E.  Huston;  fourth,  Ankeny  Flora, 
10528,  J.  A.  Sage. 

Filly  Over  Three,  Under  Four — First,  Waldersee  Hall  Rose  2nd, 
(65286),  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  second,  Joliet  Peach,  12079, 
Finch  Bros.;    third,  Graby  Easter  Gift,  12782,  Geo.  Eggert. 

Filly  Over  Tivo,  Under  Three — First,  Crocus,  (65597),  Truman's  Pio- 
neer Stud  Farm;  second,  Frithville  Princess,  (65598),  Truman's  Pioneer 
Stud  Farm;  third.  Finch's  Gloaming,  12477,  Finch  Bros.;  fourth.  Finch's 
Best,  12080,  Finch  Bros. 

Filly  Over  One,  Under  Two — First,  Paramount  Esther,  12529,  Wm. 
Crownover;  second,  Lady  Trenant,  13226,  Wm.  Crownover;  third,  Lin- 
colnshire Queen,  12712,  Finch  Bros.;  fourth.  Baby  Alice,  13212,  Jno.  R. 
Rittenhouse. 

Mare  Foal — First,  Pine  Krest  Primrose,  13225,  Frank  E.  Huston;  sec- 
ond. Oak  Lawn  Easter  Rose,  13247,  Geo.  Eggert;  third.  Grove  Duchess, 
Wm.  Hopley  Est. 

Mare  Three  Years  or  Over,  Bred  hy  ExhiHtor — First,  Ankeny  Flora, 
10528,  J.  A.  Sage;  second.  Finch  Bros.;  third.  Fashion  Plate,  8771,  J.  A. 
Sage. 

Mare  Under  Three,  Bred  J)y  Exhibitor — First,  Pine  Krest  Princess, 
Frank  E.  Huston;  second,  Paramount  Esther,  Wm.  Crownover;  third, 
Gertie  Kile,  12775,  J.  A.  Sage;   fourth,  Finch  Bros. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII 


795 


Champion  Stallion — First,  Lord  Carlton,  (30068),  Truman's  Pioneer 
Stud  Farm;  second,  Carlton  Royal  Grey,  (30078),  Truman's  Pioneer 
Stud  Farm. 

Champion  Mare — First,  Frithville  Princess  (65588),  Truman's  Pio- 
neer Stud  Farm;   second.  Pine  Krest  Primrose,  13225,  Frank  E.  Huston, 

Champion  Stallion,  Oicned  in  Iowa — First,  Brown  Bob,  12462,  Geo. 
Eggert;    second,  Bickster  King,  Wm.  Crownover. 

Cham<pion  Mare,  Owned  in  Iowa — First,  Pine  Krest  Primrose,  13225, 
Frank  E.  Huston;   second,  Paramount  Esther,  12529,  Wm.  Crownover. 

Get  of  Stallion — First,  Wm.  Crownover;  second.  Finch  Bros.;  third, 
Frank  E.  Huston. 

Produce  of  Mare — First,  Wm.  Hopley  Est.;  second,  Frank  E.  Huston; 
third.  Finch  Bros.;   fourth,  J.  A.  Sage. 

Grand  Display — First,   Finch  Bros. 

Five  Stallions  Owned  by  ExhiUtor — Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm. 


SHIRE  YEARLING  FDTDRITY  WINNER 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 


796  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

SPECIAL   PRIZES    OFFERED   BY    THE    SHIRE   HORSE   SOCIETY   OF 

ENGLAND. 

Best  Shire  Stalli07i— First,  Lord  Carlton,  (30068),  Truman's  Pioneer 
Stud  Farm;  second,  Carlton  Royal  Grey,  (300'78),  Truman's  Pioneer 
Stud  Farm. 

Best  Shire  Mare — First,  Frithville  Princess,  (65598),  Truman's  Pio- 
neer Stud  Farm;   second.  Pine  Krest  Primrose,  13225,  Frank  E,  Huston. 

SPECIAL    PRIZES    OFFERED    BY    THE    AMERICAN    SHIRE    HORSE 

ASSOCIATION. 

Champion  Stallion,  Any  Age — First,  Lord  Carlton,  (30068),  Truman's 
Pineer  Stud  Farm;  second,  Carlton  Royal  Grey,  (30078),  Truman's 
Pioneer  Stud  Farm. 

Champion  Mare,  Any  Age — First,  Frithville  Princess,  (65598),  Tru- 
man's Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  second,  Pine  Krest  Primrose,  13225,  Frank 
E.  Huston. 

SHIRE    FUTURITY   SPECIALS. 

Stallion  Section — First,  Cecil  Rhodes,  12701,  Jno.  R.  Rittenhouse;  sec- 
ond, Bourgeon's  Flash,  13192,  Geo.  McCray;  third,  Eugene  of  Enfield, 
12669,  Geo.  McCray;  fourth,  Grove  Harold,  12951,  Wm.  Hopley  Est.;  fifth. 
Royalist,  13158,  Finch  Bros.;  sixth,  Buscot,  John^  13017,  A.  G.  Soderberg; 
seventh.  Pine  Krest  Patterson,  13223,  Frank  E.  Huston;  eighth,  King 
John,   12671,   Geo.   McCray. 

Filly  Section — First,  Paramount  Esther,  12529,  Wm.  Crownover;  sec- 
ond, Lady  Trenant,  13226,  Wm.  Crownover;  third,  Lincolnshire  Queen, 
12712,  Finch  Bros.;  fourth,  Lady  Alice,  13212,  Jno.  R.  Rittenhouse;  fifth. 
Bonny  Royal,  13252,  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  sixth,  Osco  Prin- 
cess, 12825,  A.  G.  Soderberg;  seventh.  Pine  Krest  Princess,  13224,  Frank 
E.  Huston. 


BELGIANS, 

EXHIBITORS. 


G.  E.  Cole,  Fonda,  Iowa;  Crawford  and  Griff  en,  Newton,  Iowa;  Wm. 
CroY/nover,  Hudson,  Iowa;  Geo.  Eggert,  Newton,  Iowa;  W.  C.  Estes, 
Packwood,  Iowa;  Finch  Bros.,  Joilet  and  Verona,  111.;  R.  F.  French, 
Independence,  Iowa;  G,  W.  Grigsby,  Madrid,  Iowa;  Hildebrand  Bros., 
Gladbrook,  Iowa;  Iowa  Agricultural  College,  Ames,  Iowa;  Chas.  Irvine, 
Ankeny,  Iowa;  C.  E.  Jones,  Livermore,  Iowa;  J.  A.  Loughridge,  Delta, 
Iowa;  Henry  Lefebure,  Fairfax,  Iowa;  G.  A.  McCarty,  Princeville,  111.; 
C.  W.  McDermott,  Wiota,  Iowa;  J.  N.  B.  Miller,  Corning,  Iowa;  Ernest 
Pancake,  Ransom,  111.;  W.  V.  R.  Powis,  Wayne,  111.;  Carl  A.  Rosenfeld, 
Kelley,  Iowa;   Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm,  Bushnell,  Ills. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      797 

AWARDS. 

Judge Alex    Gajlbraith,    DeKalb,    111. 

Stallion  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Jules  Remi,  6166,  H.  Lefebure;  sec- 
ond, Robt.  De  Rune,  Chas.  Irvine;  third,  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm; 
fourth,  Dulci,  72592,  Finch  Bros.;  fifth,  Porthos  de  Sarlardinge,  6214, 
(63114),  Wm.  Crownover;  sixth.  Pet  De  None,  5953,  Chas.  Irvine. 

Stallion  Over  Three,  Under  Four— First,  Villiant  De  Merfes,  6231, 
Geo.  Eggert;  second,  Max  De  Grace,  6230,  Geo.  Eggert;  third,  Danube, 
5491,  Chas.  Irvine;  fourth,  Robert,  G.  E.  Cole;  fifth,  Espoir  Laling,  6162, 
H.  Lefebure. 

Stallion    Over   Two,    Under    Three — First,    Picha,    72578,    Finch  Bros.; 

second,    Truman's    Pioneer    Stud    Farm;    third,    Bolle    De    Lalys,  72588, 

Finch    Bros.;    fourth,    Rob   Roy,    5677,    C.    W.    McDermott;    fifth,  R.    F. 
French. 

Stallion  Over  One,  Under  Two — First,  Rubicon,  6359,  Finch  Bros.; 
second,  Le  Predecateur,  6574,  Chas.  Irvine;  third,  Nicholas,  6536,  C.  W. 
McDermott;  fourth,  Bon  De  Onker,  6685,  G.  W.  Grigsby;  fifth,  Wm. 
Crownover. 

StcCllion  FoaZ— First,  Prince  Bleddyn,  6679,  W.  V.  R.  Powis;  second, 
Irvindale  Prince,  Chas.  Irvine. 

Stallion  Three  Years  or  Over,  Bred  iy  Exhihitor — First,  Finch  Bros. 

Stallion  Under  Three,  Bred  by  Exhihitor — First,  Finch  Bros.;  second 
Jean  d'  Or,  6573,  Chas.  Irvine;  third,  Nicholas,  6536,  C.  W.  McDermott; 
fourth,  Raymond,  6319,  W.  C.  Estes;  fifth.  Prince  Bleddyn,  6679,  W. 
V.  R.  Powis. 

Mare  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Laura,  2466,  Finch  Bros.;  second, 
Flora,  941  (61501),  J.  N.  B.  Miller;  third,  Madam  2nd,  399,  J.  A.  Lough- 
ridge;  fourth,  Martha  Der  Haerten,  (61537),  Geo.  Eggert;  fifth,  Colette, 
1316,  R.  F.  French. 

Filly  Over  Three,  Under  Four — First,  Bella  Terlinden,  (2793),  R.  F. 
French;  second,  Flavie,  1300,  Chas.  Irvine;  third,  Albonie,  26960,  H. 
Lefebure;    fourth,    Mika,    80627,    Finch   Bros.;    fifth.    Finch   Bros. 

Filly  Over  Two,  Under  Three — First,  Luzette,  1526,  H.  Lefebure;  sec- 
ond, Floride  de  Vlad,  2802,  R.  F.  French;  third,  Florence,  855,  J.  N.  B. 
Miller;  fourth,  Claire,  2796,  R.  P.  French;  fifth,  Portia,  J.  A.  Lough- 
ridge. 

Filly  Over  One,  Under  Tioo — First,  Elsie,  2368,  G.  A.  McCarty;  second, 
Lafleure,  2595,  Ernest  Pancake;  third.  Madam  of  Delta,  2820,  J.  A. 
Loughridge;  fourth,  Maria,  2596,  Ernest  Pancake;  fifth.  Miss  Fosteau, 
2831,  Carl  A.  Rosenfeld;  sixth,  Christine  Ware,  2795,  R.  F.  French; 
seventh;    Blue  Belle,   2666,  Chas.   Irvine. 

Mare  Foal — First,  Finch  Bros.;  second,  Paulette,  Chas.  Irvine;  third, 
Jeanette  Rosengift,  Carl  A.  Rosenfeld;  fourth,  Lorette,  Chas.  Irvine;  fifth, 
Ruby,  Chas.  Irvine. 


798  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Mare  Three  Years  or  Over,  Bred  by  ExMMtor — First,  Miss  Nora,  620, 
W.  C.  Estes. 

Mare  Under  Three,  Bred  hy  Exhihitor — First,  Elsie,  2368,  G.  A.  Mc- 
Carty;  second.  Madam  of  Delta,  2820,  J.  A.  Loughridge;  third,  Florence, 
855,  J.  N.  B.  Miller;  fourth.  Blue  Belle,  2666,  Chas.  Irvine;  fifth.  Finch 
Bros. 

Champion  Stallion — First,  Villiant  De  Merfes,  6231,  Geo.  Eggert;  sec- 
ond, Rubicon,  6359,  Finch  Bros. 

Champion  Mare — First,  Laura,  2466,  Finch  Bros.;  second,  Luzette, 
1526,  Henry  Lefebure. 

Champion  Stallion,  Oivned  in  Iowa — First,  Villiant  De  Merfes,  6231, 
Geo.  Eggert;   second,  Jules  Remi,  6166,  H.  Lefebure. 

Champion  Mare,  Owned  in  lowu — First,  Luzette,  1526,  Henry  Lefe- 
bure;  second,  Flora,  941   (61501),  J.  N.  B.  Miller. 

Get  of  Stallion — First,  Chas.  Irvine. 

Produce  of  Mare — First,  Finch  Bros.;  second,  J.  N.  B.  Miller;  third, 
Wm.  Crownover;   fourth,  Carl  A.  Rosenfeld;   fifth,  J.  A.  Loughridge. 

Grand  Display — First,   Chas.   Irvine. 

Five  Stallions,  Owned  ty  Exhibitor — First,  Finch  Bros.;  second,  H. 
Lefebure. 


SPECIAL  PRIZES  OFFERED  BY  THE  AMERICAN  ASSOCIATION  OF 
IMPORTERS  AND  BREEDERS   OF  BELGIAN  DRAFT  HORSES. 

Stallion  Four  Years  Old  and  Over — First,  Jules  Remi,  6166,  H.  Lefe- 
bure; second,  Robert  De  Rune,  3595  (46686),  Chas.  Irvine;  third,  Tru- 
man's Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  fourth,  Dulci,  72592,  Finch  Bros.;  fifth, 
Porthos  de  Sarlardinge,  6214    (63114),  Wtm.   Crownover. 

Stallion  Three  Years  Old  and  Under  Four — First,  Villiant  De  Merfes, 
(6231),  Geo.  Eggert;  second.  Max  De  Grace,  6230,  Geo.  Eggert;  third, 
Danube,  5491,  Chas.  Irvine;  fourth,  Robert,  G.  E.  Cole;  fifth,  Espoir 
Laling,  6162,  H.  Lefebure. 

Stallions  Tivo  Years  old  and  Under  Three — First,  Picha,  72578,  Finch 
Bros.;  second,  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm;  third,  Bolle  De  La  Lys, 
72588,  Finch  Bros.;  fourth,  Rob  Roy,  5677,  C.  W.  McDermott;  fifth. 
Comet,  5803,  R.  F.  French. 

Five  Stallions,  Owned  by  One  Exhibitor — First,  Finch  Bros.;  second, 
H.  Lefebure. 

Champion  Stallion— First,  Villiant  De  Merfes,  6231,  Geo.  Eggert;  sec- 
ond, Rubicon,  6359,  Finch  Bros. 

Champion  Mare — First,  Laura,  2466,  Finch  Bros.;  second,  Luzette, 
1526,  H.  Lefebure. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  799 

BELGIAN  FUTURITY  SPECIALS. 

Stallion  Section — First,  Rubicon,  6359,  Finch  Bros.;  second,  Roger, 
6634,  Iowa  State  College;  third,  Jean  d'  Or,  Chas.  Irvine;  fourth, 
Nicholas,  C.  W.  McDermott;  fifth,  Bon  d'  Onker,  668,5,  G.  W.  Grigsby; 
sixth.  Paramount  Rex,  Wm.  Crownover;  seventh,  Creitien,  6620,  Finch 
Bros. 

Fill'}/  Section — First,  Elsie,  2368,  G.  A.  McCarty;  second,  Lafleur, 
Ernest  Pancake;  third.  Madam  of  Delta,  2820,  J.  A.  Loughridge;  fourth, 
Maria,  Ernest  Pancake;  fifth,  Miss  Fosteau,  Carl  A.  Rosenfeld;  sixth, 
Blue  Belle,  Chas.  Irvine;    seventh,  Mona  Lisa,  2408,  W.  V.  R.  Powis. 

Lefehiire  Stallion  Special — First,  Roger,  Iowa  State  College;  second, 
Jean  d'  Or,  Chas.  Irvine. 

Lefebure  Filly  Special — First,  Madam  of  Delta,  J.  A.  Loughridge; 
second.  Blue  Belle,  Chas.  Irvine. 


DRAFT  GELDINGS  AND  MARES. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Jno.  Albaugh,  Ankeny,  Iowa;  Garrie  R.  Bishop,  Mitchellville,  Iowa; 
G.  E.  Cole,  Fonda,  Iowa;  Crawford  &  Griffin,  Newton,  Iowa;  C.  B.  Dan- 
nen  &  Sons,  Melbourne;  Loren  Dunbar,  Earlham;  Geo.  Eggert,  Newton, 
Iowa;  R.  F.  French,  Independence;  G.  W.  Grigsby,  Madrid,  Iowa;  Sam 
Hague,  Van  Meter,  Iowa;  W.  V.  Hixson,  Marengo,  Iowa;  J.  L.  Howard, 
Ankeny,  Iowa;  Frank  E.  Huston,  Waukee,  Iowa;  Chas.  A.  Irvine, 
Ankeny,  Iowa;  J.  A.  Loughridge,  Delta,  Iowa;  McLay  Bros.,  Janesville, 
Wis.;  Morris  &  Co.,  Chicago,  111.;  Martin  Nelson,  Cambridge,  Iowa;  Carl 
A.  Rosenfeld,  Kelley,  Iowa;  J.  A.  Sage,  Ankeny,  Iowa;  South  Bros., 
Orion,  111.;  J.  W.  Thompson,  Ankeny,  Iowa;  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud 
Farm,  Bushnell,  111. 

AWAEDS. 

Judge R.   B.    Ogilvie,    Chicago,    111. 

Gelding  or  Mare  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Fannie,  G.  E.  Cole;  sec- 
ond, Charlie,  G.  W.  Grigsby;  third,  Bessie,  Jno.  S.  Albaugh;  fourth, 
Nellie,  G.  E.  Cole;   fifth,  Maude,  J.  W.  Thompson. 

Gelding  or  Mare  Three  Years,  and  Under  Four— First,  Kate,  G.  W. 
Grigsby. 

Gelding  or  Mare  Two  Years,  and  Under  Three — First,  Queen,  Jno.  S. 
Albaugh;  second,  Alice,  Jno.  S.  Albaugh;  third,  John,  G.  W.  Grigsby; 
fourth,  Garrie  R.  Bishop. 

Gelding  or  Mare  One  Year,  and  Under  Two — First,  Maude,  Crawford 
&  Griffin;  second.  Dandy,  Geo.  Eggert;  third,  G.  E.  Cole;  fourth,  Barney, 
J.  W.  Thompson. 

Horse  or  Filly  Foal — First,  Dolly,  J.  L.  Howard;  second,  James,  J. 
W.  Thompson;  third,  Brinker,  Geo.  Eggert;  fourth,  G.  E.Cole. 


800 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


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CHAMPION  FARltf  TEAM 
iowa  State  Fair  1912 

Farmer's  Team — First,  Frank  E.  Huston;  second,  R.  F.  French;  third, 
G.  W.  Grigsby;  fourth,  G.  E.  Cole;  fifth,  C.  B.  Dannen  &  Sons;  sixth, 
Martin  Nelson. 

Gelding  or  Mare  Four  Years  or  over — First,  Walter,  Morris  &  Co.;  sec- 
ond. Hector,  Morris  &  Co.;  third,  Archie,  Morris  &  Co.;  fourth,  Fannie, 
G.  E.  Cole;   fifth,  Nellie,  G.  E.  Cole. 

Draft  Team  in  Harness — First,  Morris  &  Co.;  second,  Frank  E.  Huston; 
third,  G.  E.  Cole;  fourth,  C.  B.  Dannen  &  Sons;  fifth,  Martin  Nelson. 

Cha7npion  Mare  or  Gelding— First,  Fannie,  G.  E.  Cole;  second,  Charlie, 
G.  W;  Grigsby. 

Four  Horse   Team — First,    Morris    &   Co. 

Six  Horse  Team — First,  Morris  &  Co. 


STANDARD  BRED  TROTTERS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Kathryn   Anderson,   Des   Moines,   Iowa;    N.   Bartholomew,   Des  Moines, 
Iowa;    Thos.  Bass,   Mexico,   Mo.;    Fred  Crawford,   Des  Moines,   Iowa;    C. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      801 

G.  Dallas,  Muscatine,  Iowa;  E.  A.  Elliott,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  J.  B. 
Foltz,  Stuart,  Iowa;  M.  T.  Grattan,  Preston,  Minn.;  L.  M.  Griffin,  Casey, 
Iowa;  Mrs.  Ira  Hall,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Hook  &  Woods,  Paris,  Mo.; 
Houchin  &  Anderson,  Jefferson  City,  Mo.;  Linn  Hill  Park  Stock  Farm, 
Harlan,  Iowa;  F.  A.  Mathis,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Dr.  A.  E.  Merkel,  Ber- 
wick, Iowa;  O.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia,  Mo.;  New  Bloomfield  Saddle  Horse 
Co.,  New  Bloomfield,  Mo.;  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son,  Winchester,  111.;  Ed.  Per- 
son, Carlisle,  Iowa;  R.  L.  Porter,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Chas.  W.  Smith, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Thos.  F.  Stevenson,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  I.  Ross 
Thompson,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;   H.  C.  Young,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 


Judge W.  A.  Dobson,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Stallion  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Tommy  Doyle,  50361,  J.  R.  Peak 
&  Son;  second,  Thos.  Bass;  third,  Red  Maco,  L.  M.  Griffin;  fourth.  Hook 
&  Woods. 

Stallion  Over  Three,  Under  Four — First,  Red  Francis,  Jr.,  J.  R.  Peak  & 
Son;  second,  Gournea,  55835,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;  third,  Lac  AHerton,  51681, 
Thos.  F.  Stevenson;  fourth,  Onwood  Attorney,  51352,  Linn  Hill  Park 
Stock  Farm. 

Stallion  Over  Two,  Under  Three — First,  Isaac  R.  T.,  54480,  I.  Ross 
Thompson;  second.  Dr.  A.  E.  Merkel;  third,  Elpes,  57492,  J.  R.  Peak  & 
Son;    fourth,  J.  B.  A.,  55733,  F.  A.  Mathis. 

Stallion  Over  One,  Under  Tioo — First,  McDumpling,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son. 

Stallion  Foal — First,  Harvest  Reaper,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son. 

Mare  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Hasting  Girl,  Houchin  &  Anderson; 
second.  Lady  Jeannette,  Vol.  18,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;  third,  J.  R.  Peak  & 
Son;    fourth,  Cora  Peak,  Vol.  18,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son. 

Filly  Over  Three,  Under  Four — First,  Wizzard  of  Blizzard,  Vol.  19,  J. 
R.  Peak  &  Son;   second,  Maude  Clarke,  Vol.  19,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son, 

Filly  Over  Two,  Under  Three — First,  Tommy  Toney,  Vol.  20,  J.  R. 
Peak  &  Son;  second,  Philae,  Mrs.  Ira  Hall;  third,  N.  Bartholomew;  fourth, 
St.  Louis  Maid,  Vol.  20,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son. 

Filly  Over  One,  Under  Tioo — First  Myriam,  Vol.  20,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son; 
second,  Mamie  Earl,  Fred  Crawford;  third.  Fay  Cord,  Fred  Crawford. 

Mare  Foal — First,  Baby  M,  Dr.  A.  E.  Merkel;  second  N.  Bartholomew. 

Champion  Stallion— Yirst  Tommy  Doyle,  50361,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son; 
second.  Harvest  Reaper,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son. 

Champion  Mare — First,  Hasting  Girl,  Houchin  &  Anderson;  second, 
Wizzard  of  Blizzard,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son. 

Get  of  Stallion — First,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;  second,  N.  Bartholomew. 

Produce  of  Mare — First,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;  second,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son; 
third,  Linn  Hill  Park  Stock  Farm. 

Grand  Display — First,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;  second,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son. 
51 


802  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

AMERICAN    CARRIAGE    HORSES. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Kathryn  Anderson,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  J.  B.  Baker,  Waverly,  Iowa; 
Thos.  Bass,  Mexico,  Missouri;  Jos.  C.  Brunk,  Springfield,  Illinois;  Fred 
Crawford,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  H.  C.  Davis,  Ames,  Iowa;  E.  A.  Elliott, 
Des  Moines;  W.  &  A.  Graham,  Des  Moines;  M.  T.  Gratten,  Preston, 
Minnesota;  Hamilton  Bros.,  Keota,  Iowa;  Hook  &  Woods,  Paris,  Mis- 
souri; Houchin  &  Anderson,  Jefferson  City,  Missouri;  E.  Kingsley,  Wa- 
verly, Iowa;  Linn  Hill  Park  Stock  Farm,  Harlan,  Iowa;  F.  A.  Mathis, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Dr.  A.  E.  Merkel,  Berwick,  Iowa;  C.  E.  Monahan,  Des 
Moines,  Iowa;  O.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia,  Missouri;  Morgan  Horse  Farm, 
Plainfield,  Iowa;  New  Bloomfield  Saddle  Horse  Company,  New  Bloom- 
field,  Missouri;  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son,  Winchester,  Illinois;  R.  L.  Porter, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Chas.  W.  Smith,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  P.  F.  Smith, 
Montezuma,  Iowa;  I.  Ross  Thompson,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Wm.  Timmer- 
man.  Manning,  Iowa;  Ed  P.  Urick,  Kansas  City,  Kansas;  University  of 
Minnesota,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota;  Wild  Rose  Farm,  St.  Charles,  Illinois. 

AWARDS. 

Judge W.  A.  Dobson,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Stallion  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Advance  Guard,  0.  J.  Mooers; 
second.  Tommy  Doyle,  50261,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;  third,  Cleveland  Reed, 
Thos.  Bass;    fourth,  Melrose,  Wild  Rose  Farm;   fifth,  0.  J.  Mooers. 

Stallion  Over  Three,  Under  Four — First,  Roseland,  Wild  Rose  Farm; 
second,  Gournea,  55835,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;  third,  Red  Francis  Jr.,  57491, 
J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;    fourth,  Madison  McDonald,  Hook  &  Woods. 

Stallion  Over  Two,  Under  Three — First,  Rosemont,  Wild  Rose  Farm; 
second.  Red  Ethan,  6239,  Jos.  C.  Brunk;  third.  Crow  McDonald,  Hook  & 
Woods:  fourth,  Kentucky  Jay  Jr.,  Dr.  A.  E.  Merkel;  fifth.  Major  Gans, 
Vol.  3,   Morgan  Horse  Farm. 

Stallion  Over  One,  Under  Tivo — First,  McDumpling,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son; 
second.  The  Jew,  Thos.  Bass;  third.  Hook  &  Woods;  fourth.  Prime  O, 
6590,   P.  F.    Smith;    fifth,   Montgomery,  Vol.   3,   Morgan   Horse   Farm. 

Stallion  With  Three  of  His  Get— First,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;  second,  Mor- 
gan Horse  Farm;    third,  P.  F.   Smith. 

Mare  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  0.  J.  Mooers;  second,  Bell  Rose, 
Wild  Rose  Farm;  third,  Lally  P,  O.  J.  Mooers;  fourth,  Thos.  Bass;  fifth. 
Queen  of  Spades,  Wild  Rose  Farm. 

Mare  Over  Three,  Under  Four — First,  Lucy  Caldwell,  6512,  Thos. 
Bass;  second,  W^lzzard  of  Blizzard,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;  third,  Maude 
Clark,  Vol.  19,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son. 

Mare  Over  Tivo,  Under  Three — First,  Primrose,  Wild  Rose  Farm; 
second.  Tommy  Toney,  Vol.  20,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;  third.  Cricket  C,  6772, 
Hamilton  Bros.;  fourth,  Ruth  May  Reade,  Thos.  Bass;  fifth,  Pauline 
Mac,   9188,  Hamilton  Bros. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  803 

Stallion  or  Mare  Foal — First,  Harvest  Reaper,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son; 
second.  Sentiment,  Jos.  C.  Brunk;  third,  Baby  M,  Dr.  A.  E.  Merkel;  fourth, 
Topsy,  P.  F.  Smith. 

Champion  Stallion — First,  Advance  Guard,  0.  J.  Mooers;  second,  Rose- 
mont.  Wild  Rose  Farm. 

Champion  Marc — First,  Flirting  Princess,  O.  J.  Mooers;  second.  Prim- 
rose, Wild  Rose  Farm. 


RUN-ABOUT. 

EXHIBITORS. 


Kathryn  Anderson,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Thos.  Bass,  Mexico,  Mo.;  Jos. 
C.  Brunk,  Springfield,  Illinois;  A,  L.  Champlin,  Ames,  Iowa;  T.  C. 
Evans,  Independence,  Missouri;  W.  &  A.  Graham,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Hook 
&  Woods,  Paris,  Missouri;  J.  Leitch  &  Sons,  LaFayette,  Illinois;  C.  E. 
Monahan,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  O.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia,  Missouri;  J.  R. 
Peak  &  Son,  Winchester,  Illinois;  R.  L.  Porter,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  P.  F. 
Smith,  Montezuma,  Iowa;  Ed.  P.  Uhrich,  Kansas  City,  Kansas;  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota;  Wild  Rose  Farm,  St.  Charles, 
Illinois. 

AWARDS. 

Judge Geo.  M.  Rommel,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Judge Walter  Palmer,   Ottawa,  Illinois. 

Stallion,  Mare  or  Gelding — First,  O.  J.  Mooers;  second.  Royal  Regent, 
O.  J.  Mooers;  third,  Lena  Collins,  Thos.  Bass;  fourth.  Sub  Rosa,  Wild 
Rose   Farm. 

Pair  Stallions,  Mares  or  Geldings — First  and  second,  0.  J.  Mooers; 
third,  Wild  Rose  Farm. 

Stallion,  Mare  or  Gelding    (Local) — Second,  A.  L.  Champlin. 


FAMILY  TURNOUTS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Thos.  Bass,  Mexico,  Missouri;  A.  L.  Champlin,  Ames,  Iowa;  W.  &  A. 
Graham,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Hamilton  Bros.,  Keota,  Iowa;  C.  E.  Monahan, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa;  O.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia,  Missouri;  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son, 
Winchester,  Illinois;  R.  L.  Porter,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Ed.  P.  Uhrich, 
Kansas  City,  Kansas;    Wild  Rose  Farm,   St.  Charles,  Illinois. 

AWARDS. 

Judge Geo.  M.  Rommel,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Judge Walter  Palmer,   Ottawa,  Illinois. 

Single  Horse  Family  Turnout — First,  Fair  Eliza,  19061,  A.  L.  Champlin; 
second.  The  Tourist,  Ed.  P.  Uhrich;  third,  Molly  McDonald,  W.  &  A. 
Graham;   fourth,  Lucy,  Thos.  Bass. 


804  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

LADIES'  TURNOUT. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Kathryn  Anderson,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Thos.  Bass.  Mexico,  Missouri; 
A.  L.  Champlin,  Ames,  Iowa;  T.  C.  Evans,  Independence,  Missouri;  W. 
&  A.  Graham,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Jas.  Grinstead,  Jr.,  Mitchellville,  Iowa; 
C.  E.  Monahan,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  O.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia,  Missouri; 
J.  R.  Peak  &  Son,  Winchester,  Illinois;  Ed.  P.  Uhrich,  Kansas  City, 
Kansas;    Wild  Rose  Farm,  St.  Charles,  Illinois. 

AWAEDS. 

Judge Geo.  M.  Rommel,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Judge Walter  Palmek,   Ottawa,  Illinois. 

Single  Mare  or  Gelding— First,  The  Chocolate  Soldier,  0.  J.  Mooers; 
second,  Montrose,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  third.  Lady  McDonald  B,  3480,  W.  & 
A.  Graham;   fourth,  Ed.  P.  Uhrich. 

Pair  Mares  or  Geldings  or  Mare  and  Gelding — First,  O.  J.  Mooers; 
second.  Wild  Rose  Farm;  third,  W.  &  A.  Graham;  fourth,  A.  L.  Champlin. 


BROUGHAM  HORSES. 

EXHIBITORS. 

A.  L.  Champlin,  Ames,  Iowa;  W.  &  A.  Graham,  Des  Moines,  Iowa; 
O.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia,  Missouri;  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son,  Winchester,  Illinois; 
Wild  Rose  Farm,  St.  Charles,  Illinois. 

AWARDS. 

Judge Geo.  M.  Rommel,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mare  or  Gelding  to  Brougham  or  Victoria — First,  Jap  Rose,  Wild  Rose 
Farm;  second.  The  Chocolate  Soldier,  0.  J.  Mooers;  third,  Fair  Eliza, 
19061,  A.  L.  Champlin. 

Pair  Mares  or  Geldings,  or  Mare  and  Gelding — First,  Wild  Rose  Farm; 
second,   0.  J.   Mooers,   third,   A.  L.  Champlin. 


HIGH  STEPPERS  AND  PARK  HORSES. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Thos.  Bass,  Mexico,  Missouri;  A.  L.  Champlin,  Ames,  Iowa;  H.  C. 
Davis,  Ames,  Iowa;  T.  C.  Evans,  Independence,  Missouri;  W.  &  A.  Graham, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Hamilton  Bros.,  Keota,  Iowa;  Geo.  A.  Heyl,  Wash- 
ington, Illinois;  J.  Leitch  &  Sons,  LaFayette,  Illinois;  C.  E.  Monahan, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa;  0.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia,  Missouri;  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son, 
Winchester,  Illinois;  R.  L,  Porter,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  P.  F.  Smith,  Monte- 
zuma, Iowa;  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm,  Bushnell,  Illinois;  Ed.  P. 
Uhrich,  Kansas  City,  Kansas;   Wild  Rose  Farm,  St.  Charles,  Illinois; 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      805 


Judge Geo.  M.  Rommel,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Judge Walter  Palmee,   Ottawa,  Illinois, 

Stallion,  Mare  or  Gelding  up  to  15-2 — First,  Moss  Rose,  Wild  Rose 
Farm;  second,  Montrose,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  third,  0.  J.  Mooers;  fourth, 
Mary  Gary,  0.  J.  Mooers. 

Stallion,  Mare  or  Gelding  15-2  and  Over — First,  Jap  Rose,  Wild  Rose 
Farm;  second,  O.  J.  Mooers;  third  Bell  Rose,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  fourth, 
Rose   Man,  Wild  Rose  Farm. 

Pair  Stallions,  Mares  or  Geldings  up  to  15-2  and  Under— First,  0.  J. 
Mooers;  second,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  third,  0.  J.  Mooers;  fourth.  Wild 
Rose  Farm. 

Pair  Stallions,  Mares  or  Geldings  Over  15-2 — First,  Wild  Rose  Farm; 
second,  0.  J.  Mooers;   third,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  fourth,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son. 

Stallion,  Mare  or  Gelding  {Local) — First,  A.  L.  Champlin;  second  and 
third,  W.  &  A.  Graham;   fourth,  H.  C.  Davis. 

Pair  Stallions,  Mares  or  Geldings   (Local) — Second,  W.  &  A.  Graham. 


GIG   HORSES. 

EXHIBITORS. 


Thos.  Bass,  Mexico,  Missouri;  A.  L.  Champlin,  Ames,  Iowa;  T.  C. 
Evans,  Independence,  Missouri;  Wl.  &  A.  Graham,  Des  Moines,  Iowa; 
Geo.  A.  Heyl,  Washington,  Illinois;  J.  Leitch  &  Sons,  LaFayette,  Illinois; 
O.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia,  Missouri;  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son,  Winchester,  Illi- 
nois; Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm,  Bushnell,  Illinois;  Ed.  P.  Uhrich, 
Kansas   City,   Kansas;    Wild   Rose   Farm,   St.   Charles,   Illinois. 

AWARDS. 

Judge Geo.  M.  Rommel,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Judge Walter  Palmer,  Ottawa,  Illinois. 

Horses  not  Exceeding  15-2 — First,  Moss  Rose,  Wild  Rose  Farm; 
second,  Montrose,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  third,  0.  J.  Mooers;  fourth,  A.  L. 
Champlin. 

Horses  Over  15-2 — First,  Jap  Rose,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  second,  Belle 
Rose,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  third.  The  Queen  of  Action,  O.  J.  Mooers;  fourth, 
The  Chocolate  Soldier,  0.  J.  Mooers. 


TANDEMS. 
exhibitors. 


Thos.  Bass,  Mexico,  Missouri;  A.  L.  Champlin,  Ames,  Iowa;  T.  C. 
Evans,  Independence,  Missouri;  Geo.  A.  Heyl,  Washington,  Illinois;  0.  J. 
Mooers,  Columbia,  Missouri;  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son,  Winchester,  Illinois;  Ed. 
P.  Uhrich,  Kansas  City,  Kansas;   Wild  Rose  Farm,  St.  Charles,  Illinois. 


806  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

AWARDS. 

Judge Geo.  M.  Rommel,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Tandem  Team,  Wheeler  Over  15-2 — First,  O.  J.  Mooers;   second,  J.  R. 
Peak  &   Son;    third,  A.   L.   Champlin. 

Tandem    Team,    Wheeler    Under    15-2 — First,    O.    J.    Mooers;     second, 
Wild  Rose  Farm;    third,  J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;    fourth,  A.  L.  Champlin. 


UNICORNS. 

EXHIBITORS. 


A.  L.  Champlin,  Ames,  Iowa;   0.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia,  Missouri;   J.  R. 
Peak  &  Son,  Winchester,  Illinois;   Wild  Rose  Farm,  St.  Charles,  Illinois. 

AWARDS. 

Judge Geo.  M.  Rommel,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Unicorn  Team — First,  Wild  Rose  Farm;   second,  O.  J.  Mooers;    third, 
J.   R.   Peak  &   Son;    fourth,  A.  L.   Champlin. 


FOUR-IN-HAND. 

EXHIBITORS. 

A.  L.  Champlin,  Ames,  Iowa;  O.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia,  Missouri;  J. 
R.  Peak  &  Son,  Winchester,  Illinois;  Wild  Rose  Farm,  St.  Charles, 
Illinois. 

AWARDS. 

Judge Geo.  M.  Rommel,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Road  Four — First,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  second,  0.  J.  Mooers;  third, 
J.  R.   Peak  &   Son;    fourth,   A.  L.   Champlin. 

Park  Four — First,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  second,  0.  J.  Mooers;  third, 
J.  R.  Peak  &  Son;   fourth,  A.  L.  Champlin. 


CHAMPION    HARNESS    HORSES. 

Champion    Harness    Stallion — First,    Advance    Guard,    0.    J.    Mooers; 
second,  Roseland,  Wild  Rose  Farm. 

Champion  Harness  Mare  or  Gelding — First,  Jap  Rose,  Wild  Rose  Farm; 
second,  The  Flirting  Princess,  O.  J.  Mooers. 


SADDLE   HORSES. 

exhibitors. 

Thos.  Bass,  Mexico,  Missouri;  Ed.  Clapper,  Unionville,  Missouri;  R. 
W.  Crumpacker,  Unionville,  Missouri;  T.  C.  Evans,  Independence,  Mis- 
souri; W.  &  A.  Graham,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Hamilton  Bros.,  Keota,  Iowa; 
Hlllcrest  Farm,  Ottumwa,  Iowa;  Hook  &  Woods,  Paris,  Missouri;  Houchin 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      807 

&  Anderson,  Jefferson  City,  Missouri;  Miss  Lulu  Long,  Kansas  City, 
Missouri;  C.  E.  Monahan,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  O.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia, 
Missouri;  New  Bloomfield  Saddle  Horse  Company,  New  Bloomfield,  Mis- 
souri; J.  R.  Peak  &  Son,  Winchester,  Illinois;  H.  H.  Polk,  Des  Moines, 
Iowa;  R.  L.  Porter,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Bruce  Robinson,  Washington, 
Iowa;  Mrs.  Adam  Sterling,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Ed.  P.  Uhrich,  Kansas 
City,  Kansas;  University  of  Minnesota,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota;  Wild  Rose 
Farm,  St.  Charles,  Illinois;   Fred  Williams,  Barnes  City,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge Walter  Palmer,   Ottawa,  Illinois. 

Gelding  or  Mare  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Kymokan,  Miss  Lulu 
Long;  second,  Gingerbread  Man,  Thos.  Bass;  third,  Eva  McDonald,  Hook 
&  Woods;  fourth,  Frances  McDonald,  Thos.  Bass;  fifth,  Helen  Hicklin, 
Houchin  &  Anderson. 

Gelding  or  Mare  Over  Three,  Under  Four — First,  Anna  Bell,  Hook  & 
Woods;  second,  Forest  Nala,  Houchin  &  Anderson;  third,  Nat  Goodwin, 
Hook  &  Woods;  fourth.  Raven  H,  Hamilton  Bros.;  fifth.  Rev.  Wood, 
Thos.  Bass. 

Stallion  Four  Years  and  Over — First,  Astral  King,  Houchin  &  Ander- 
son; second.  Rex  Chief  A,  Thos.  Bass;  third,  Marshall  Chief,  Hook  & 
Woods;   fourth.  Hook  &  Woods;   fifth,  Harold  Denmark,  Ed.  Clapper. 

Stallion  Over  Three,  Under  Four — First,  Fantastic  King,  0.  J.  Mooers; 
second,  Madison  McDonald,  Hook  &  Woods;  third,  Rob  C.  Denmark, 
R.  W.  Crumpacker;    fourth,  Randof  King,  Thos.  Bass. 

Champion  Stallion,  Mare  or  Gelding — First,  Kymokan,  Miss  Lulu 
Long;    second.   Gingerbread  Man,  Thos.  Bass. 

Mare  or  Gelding  Ridden  l)y  Lady — First,  Hook  &  Woods;  second, 
Frances  Ferbs,  7123,  New  Bloomfield  Saddle  Horse  Co.;  third,  Molly 
McDonald  B,  W.  &  A.  Graham;  fourth,  Grey  King,  Bruce  Robinson; 
fifth,  Frances  McDonald,  Thos.  Bass. 

Stallion  Tivo  Years  Old,  Shown  in  Hand — First,  Crow  McDonald,  Hook 
&  Woods;   second,  Thos.  Bass. 

Mare  Tioo  Years  Old,  Shown  in  ifaw^cZ— First,  Cricket  C,  6772,  Ham- 
ilton Bros.;  second,  Martha  Jewett,  Hook  &  Woods;  third,  Pauline  Mack, 
9188,   Hamilton   Bros.;    fourth,   Thos.   Bass. 


WALK,    TROT   AND    CANTER. 

Mare  or  Gelding,  Any  Age — First,  Poetry  of  Motion,  0.  J.  Mooers; 
second,  Pauline  Moore,  Houchin  &  Anderson;  third.  Hook  &  Woods; 
fourth.  Grey  McDonald,  Hamilton  Bros.;  fifth,  Lady  McDonald  B,  W. 
&  A.  Graham. 

Stallion,  Any  Age — First,  Rex  Chief  A,  Thos.  Bass;  second,  O.  J. 
Mooers;  third,  Marshall  Chief,  Hook  &  Woods;  fourth,  Artis  Montrose, 
Fred  Williams;    fifth,   Mc  G,   2814,   Bruce  Robinson. 


808  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

COMBINED   HARNESS  AND   GAITED   SADDLE   HORSES. 

Stallion,  Mare  or  Gelding,  Any  Age — First,  Kymokan,  Miss  Lulu 
Long;  second,  Hook  &  Woods;  third,  Frances  Ferbs,  New  Bloomfield 
Saddle  Horse  Co.;   fourth,  Rex  Arbuckle,  Thos.  Bass;  fifth,  O.  J.  Mooers. 


HIGH   SCHOOL  HORSES. 

Stallion,  Mare  or  Gelding,  Any  Age — First,  The  Bell,  Thos.  Bass; 
second,  Anna  Sims,  8620,  Hamilton  Bros.;  third,  Ed.  P.  Uhrich;  fourth. 
Chief,  H.  H.  Polk;    fifth.   Sir  Knight,  Hamilton  Bros. 


LOCAL,  FIVE  GAITED. 

Mare  or  Gelding  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Hamilton  Bros.;  second. 
Lady  McDonald  B,  W.  &  A.  Graham;  third,  Mabel  Ford,  8639,  Mrs.  Adam 
Stirling;    fourth,  Tony  H,  Hamilton  Bros. 

Stallion  Two  Years  or  Over — First,  McG,  2814,  Bruce  Robinson;  sec- 
ond,  Artis  Montrose  Squirrel,  Fred  Williams. 

SPECIAL    PRIZE    OFFERED    BY    THE    AMERICAN    SADDLE    HORSE 
BREEDERS'   ASSOCIATION. 

Stallion  or  Mare  Three  Years  Old  or  Under — First,  Pauline  Mack, 
9188,   Hamilton   Bros. 


MORGANS. 

EXHIBITORS. 


J.  E.  Bailey,  Iowa  Falls,  Iowa;  J.  B.  Baker,  Waverly,  Iowa;  Thos. 
Bass,  Mexico,  Missouri;  E.  F.  Brown,  Derby,  Iowa;  Joseph  C.  Brunk, 
Springfield,  Illinois;  H.  C.  Davis,  Ames,  Iowa;  E.  Kingsley,  Waverly, 
Iowa;  0.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia,  Missouri;  Morgan  Horse  Farm,  Plainfield, 
Iowa;  P.  F.  Smith,  Montezuma,  Iowa;  Wild  Rose  Farm,  St.  Charles, 
Illinois. 

AWARDS. 

Judge Geo.  M.  Rommel,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Stallion  Four  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  Dart,  5130,  Morgan  Horse 
Farm;  second,  Melrose,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  third,  Morgan  Panic,  5003, 
P.  F.  Smith;  fourth,  Joseph  Huse,  5594,  J.  E.  Bailey;  fifth.  Doctor  B, 
6607,  J.  E.  Bailey. 

Stallion  Three  Years,  Under  Four— First,  Allen  F,  5722,  Jos.  C.  Brunk; 
second,  Daniel  Hudson,  5762,  Morgan  Horse  Farm;  third,  Roseland, 
Wild  Rose  Farm. 

Stallion  Two  Years,  Under  Three — First,  Rosemont,  Wild  Rose  Farm; 
second.  Major  Cans,  Vol.  Ill,  Morgan  Horse  Farm;  third.  Red  Ethan, 
6239,  Jos.  C.  Brunk;   fourth,  Muster,  6579,  P.  F.  Smith. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      809 

Stallion  Over  One,  Under  Two — First,  Montgomery,  Vol.  Ill,  Morgan 
Horse  Farm;  second,  Ned  Scaif,  6497,  Morgan  Horse  Farm;  third. 
Prime  O,  6590,  P.  F.  Smith. 

Stallion  or  Mare  Foal — First,  Sentiment,  Jos.  C.  Brunk;  second,  Topsy, 
P.  F.   Smith;    third,  Fenlyn,  H.   C.  Davis. 

Mare  Four  Tears  or  Over — First,  Senata,  Vol.  II,  Jos.  C.  Brunk;  sec- 
ond. Lady  Windemere,  O.  J.  Mooers;  third,  Bessie  Morgan,  Wild  Rose 
Farm;  fourth,  Queen  of  Spades,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  fifth.  Queen  of  Clubs, 
Wild  Rose  Farm. 

Mare  Over  Three,  Under  Four — First,  Rosary,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  sec- 
ond, Betty  Stark,  Vol.  Ill,  Jos.  C.  Brunk;  third.  Midget,  P.  F.  Smith.. 

Filly  Over  Two,  Under  Three — First,  Primrose,  Wild  Rose  Farm; 
second,  Senora,  Vol.  Ill,  Jos.  C.  Brunk;  third.  Myrtle  Kingsley,  Vol. 
Ill,  E.  Kingsley;  fourth,  Florence  Baker,  Vol.  Ill,  J.  B.  Baker;  fifth, 
Ruth  May  Reade,  Thos.  Bass. 

Filly  Over  One,  Under  Two — First,  Bessie  Baker,  J.  B.  Baker;  second, 
Maude  Baker,  Vol.  Ill,  J.  B.  Baker;  third,  Topsy  Watkins,  E.  Kingsley; 
fourth.  Panic's  Daisy,  P.  F.  Smith. 

Champion  Stallion — First,  Allen  F,  5722,  Jos.  C.  Brunk;  second,  Rose- 
mont.  Wild  Rose  Farm. 

Champion  Mare — First,  Rosary,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  second,  Senata, 
Jos.  C.  Brunk. 

Get  of  Stallion — First,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  second,  Morgan  Horse  Farm; 
third,  P.  F.  Smith. 

Grand  Display — First,  Wild  Rose  Farm;  second,  Jos.  C.  Brunk;  third, 
Morgan  Horse  Farm;   fourth,  P.  F.  Smith. 


HACKNEY. 

EXHIBITORS. 


A.  L.  Champlin,  Ames,  Iowa;  Crawford  &  Griffin,  Newton,  Iowa; 
Henry  Lefebure,  Fairfax,  Iowa;  J.  Leitch  &  Sons,  LaFayette,  Illinois; 
O.  J.  Mooers,  Columbia,  Missouri;  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm,  Bush- 
nell,  Illinois. 

AWARDS. 

Judge Alex    Galbbaith,    DeKalb,    Illinois. 

Stallion  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Tollington,  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud 
Farm;  second,  Neptune,  632,  Crawford  &  Griffin;  third,  Terrington  War- 
rior, J.  Leitch  &  Sons;  fourth,  Prince  Greenfield,  1347,  A.  L.  Champlin. 

Stallion  Over  One,  Under  Tioo — First,  Lunderstone  William,  Craw- 
ford &  Griffin. 

Stallion  or  Mare  Foal — First,   Molly,   H.   Lefebure. 


810  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Mare  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Nene  Lady  Gay,  Truman's  Pioneer 
Stud  Farm;  second.  Wood  Molly,  H.  Lefebure;  third,  Ardimersay  Lot- 
tery, A.  L.  Champlin;  fourth,  Fair  Eliza,  19061,  A.  L.  Champlin. 

Brood  Mare  with  Foal  at  Side — First,  Wood  Molly,  H.  Lefebure. 

Champion  Stallion — First,  Tollington,  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm; 
second,  Lunderstone  William,  Crawford  and  Griffin. 

Champion  Mare — First,  Nene  Lady  Gay,  (19390),  Truman's  Pioneer 
Stud  Farm;   second.  Wood  Molly,  19965,  H.  Lefebure. 


WELSH  PONIES. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Geo.    E.   Brown,   Aurora,   Illinois;    Geo.   A.   Heyl,   Washington,   Illinois. 

AWARDS. 

Judge W.   A.   Dobson,   Des  Moines. 

Stallion  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Llewyn  King,  424,  Geo.  A.  Heyl; 
second,  Tip  Top,  210,  Geo.  E.  Brown;  third,  Gold  Dust,  198,  Geo.  E. 
Brown. 

Stallion  Two  Years,  Under  Three — First,  Llewyn  Emperor,  Geo.  E. 
Brown. 

Mare  Three  Years  or  Over — ^First,  Sweet  Marie,  76,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  sec- 
ond, Llewyn  Scepter  2d,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  third,  Foregate  Polly,  429,  Geo.  A. 
Heyl. 

Mare  Two  Years,  Under  Three — First,  Llewyn  Bracelet,  428,  Geo.  A. 
Heyl;  second.  Beauty  of  Wales  2d,  367,  Geo.  E.  Brown;  third.  Thistle 
II,  365,  Geo.  E.  Brown. 

Pony  in  Harness — First,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  second  and  third,  Geo.  E.  Brown. 

Pair  Ponies  in  Harness — First  and  second,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  third,  Geo.  E. 
Brown. 

Tandem  Team — First,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  second,  Geo.  E.  Brown;  third, 
Geo.   A.  Heyl. 

Pony  under  Swaddle — First,  second  and  third,  Geo.  A.  Heyl. 


SHETLAND  PONIES. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Chas.  Bachman,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  H.  C.  Davis,  Ames,  Iowa;  Jno. 
Donhowe,  Story  City,  Iowa;  Geo.  A.  Heyl,  Washington,  Iowa;  H.  W. 
Littleton,  Harlan,  low^a;  Wilmoth  C.  Mack,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  W.  T. 
Roberts  &  Son,  Ames,  Iowa;  Carl  A.  Rosenfeld,  Kelley,  Iowa;  Mrs. 
Adam  Stirling,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Chas.  H.  Stone,  Muscatine,  Iowa;  J. 
C.  Thompson  &  Son,  Jamaica,  Iowa;  F.  R,  Wilson,  Colo,  Iowa. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  811 

AWARDS. 

Judge W.    J.    Kennedy,    Ames,    Iowa 

Stallion  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  King  Larigo,  8776,  Geo.  A.  Heyl; 
second,  Anton,  4342,  Jno.  Donhowe;  third,  Wagga  Wagga,  8847.  Mrs.  Adam 
Stirling;   fourth,  Heather  Bouy,  9572,  H.  C.  Davis. 

Stallion  Three  Years,  Under  Four — Dermot,  Jno.  Donhowe;  second, 
Silver  Tips   II,   Geo.  A.   Heyl. 

Stallion  Two  Years,  Under  Three— First,  Silver  B.,  11533,  H.  C.  Davis; 
second,  Neil,  11585,  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling;  third,  McHarum,  11801,  Geo. 
A.  Heyl;    fourth,  Baron  May,  11715,  H.  W.  Littleton. 

Stallion  Over  One,  Under  Two — First,  Casey  Jones,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  sec- 
ond, Quickse,  12123,  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling;  third,  Chelsie,  H.  C.  Davis; 
fourth,  Patsey,  12124,  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling. 

Stallion  or  Mare  Foal — First,  Scamper,  W.  T.  Roberts;  second,  Peter 
M.,  Jno.  Donhowe;  third,  H.  C.  Davis;  fourth.  Lady  Bess,  Wilmoth  C. 
Mack. 

Mare  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Cherie  6th,  11934,  Mrs.  Adam  Stir- 
ling; second.  Pearl,  8779,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  third,  Beauty  Spot,  Jno.  Don- 
howe; fourth,  Clara  2d,  11935,  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling;  fifth,  lola,  J.  C. 
Thompson  &  Son. 

Mare  Three  Years,  Under  Four — First,  Fernweed,  10545,  Mrs.  Adam 
Stirling;  second,  Phoebe  B.,  10549,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  third,  Pricilla,  12805, 
Geo.  A.  Heyl;  fourth,  Farry  L.,  10141,  W.  T.  Roberts  &  Son;  fifth,  Neva, 
J.  C.  Thompson  &  Sons. 

Mare  Over  Two,  Under  Three — First,  "Tutsy,"  Jno.  Donhowe;  second, 
Princess  Larigo,  12805,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  third,  Zanella,  H.  W.  Littleton; 
fourth,   Bess,   H.   C.   Davis;    fifth.   Miss   Printis,   Chas.   H.   Stone. 

Mare  Over  One,  Under  Ttoo— First,  Clamatis  S.,  12114,  Mrs.  Adam 
Stirling;  second,  Stella  May,  12120,  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling;  third,  Nina,  J. 
C.  Thompson  &  Son;  fourth,  Jessie,  H.  W.  Littleton;  fifth,  Selma  R., 
12035,  W.  T.  Roberts  &  Son. 

Pony  in  Harness — First,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  second,  Anton,  4342,  Jno.  Don- 
howe;   third,   H.   C.   Davis;    fourth,  Geo.   A.   Heyl. 

Pair  Ponies  in  Harness — First,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  second,  Jno.  Donhowe; 
third,  Chas.  Bachman;   fourth,  H.  C.  Davis. 

Four  in  Hand — First,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  second,  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling;  third, 
Jno.  Donhowe;   fourth,  H.  C.  Davis. 

Tandem  Team — First,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  second  and  fourth,  Jno.  Don- 
howe;  third,  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling;    fifth,  W.  T.  Roberts  &  Son. 

Pony  Under  Saddle — First,  Jno.  Donhowe;  second  and  fourth,  Chas. 
Bachman;  third,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  fifth,  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling. 

Four  Colts,  Get  of  One  Sire — First,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  second,  Jno.  Don- 
howe;  third,  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling;    fourth,  J.  C.  Thompson  &  Son. 


812  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


Champion  Stallion,  Mare  or  Gelding  in  Harness — First,  King  Larigo, 
Geo.  A.  Heyl;   second,  Anton,  Jno.  Donhowe. 

Grand  Display — First,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  second,  Jno.  Donhowe;  third,  J. 
C.  Thompson  &  Son;    fourth,  H.  C.  Davis. 

Pony  in  Harness  (Local) — First,  Anton,  Jno.  Donhowe;  second,  Aldine, 
H.  C.  Davis;  third,  Clara  2d,  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling;  fourth.  Jester,  5735, 
W.  T.  Roberts  &  Son. 

Pair  Ponies  in  Harness — First,  Jno.  Donhowe;  second,  Chas.  Bachman; 
third,  H.  C.  Davis;   fourth,  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling. 

Pony  Under  Saddle — First,  Beauty  Spot,  Jno.  Donhowe;  second,  Prince, 
Chas.  Bachman;  third.  Dimple,  Chas.  Bachman;  fourth,  Clara  2d,  Mrs. 
Adam  Stirling;  fifth,  H.  C.  Davis. 


PONIES  OTHER  THAN  SHETLAND   OR  WELSH. 

EXHIBITORS. 

H.  C.  Davis,  Ames,  Iowa;  Geo.  A.  Heyl,  Washington,  111.;  H.  W.  Little- 
ton, Harlan,  Iowa;  W.  T.  Roberts  &  Son,  Ames,  Iowa;  Mrs.  Adam  Stir- 
ling, Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Chas.  H.  Stone,  Muscatine,  Iowa;  J.  C.  Thomp- 
son &  Son,  Jamaica,  low^a;  Truman's  Pioneer  Stud  Farm,  Bushnell, 
HI.;  Jas.  Walcott,  Monroe,  Iowa;  Wild  Rose  Farm,  St.  Charles,  111.; 
F.  R.  Wilson,  Colo,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge,... W.  A.   Dobson,   Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Pony  in  Harness — First,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  second,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  third, 
Roxie,  H.  W.  Littleton;  fourth,  H.  C.  Davis. 

Pony  Under  Saddle— First,  H.  C.  Davis;  second,  Roxie,  H.  W.  Little- 
ton; third,  H.  C.  Davis;  fourth.  Lady  May,  Mrs.  Adam  Stirling. 

Pair  Ponies  in  Harness — First,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  second  and  fourth,  H. 
C.  Davis;   third,  J.  C.  Thompson  &  Son. 

Tandem  Team — First,  Geo.  A.  Heyl;  second  and  fourth,  H.  C.  Davis; 
third,  H.  W.  Littleton. 

Four  in  Hand — First,  H.  C.  Davis. 


MULES. 
exhibitors. 


Loren  Dunbar,  Earlham,  Iowa;  A.  L.  Foster,  Winterset,  Iowa;  N.  A. 
Gladieux,  Chillicothe,  Mo.;  F.  L.  Hutson  &  Son,  State  Center,  Iowa;  W. 
E.  Kingdon,  Prairie  City,  Iowa;  John  McCoy,  Jamaica,  Iowa;  A,  L. 
Russell,  Jamaica,  Iowa. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  813 

AWARDS. 

Judge W,  A.   Dobson,   Des  Moines,   Iowa. 

Mules  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Snowball,  F.  L.  Hutson  &  Son;   sec- 
ond, Mabel,  F.  L.  Hutson  &  Son;  third,  Maude,  Jno,  McCoy. 

Mule   Over   Three,    Under   Four — First,    Pet,   W.    E.    Kingdon;    second, 
Maude,  W.   E.  Kingdon. 

Mule  Over  Two,   Under  Three — First,  Ruth,  F.  L.  Hutson  &  Son. 

Mule  Over  One,  Under  Tivo — First,  Iowa  Queen,  F,  L.  Hutson  &  Son; 
second,  Daisy,  F.  L.  Hutson  &  Son. 

Mine  Mules   Under  Fifteen  Hands — First,  Bird,  A.  L.  Foster;    second. 
Bell,  A.  L.  Foster. 

Pair  of  3Iules  Over  2/fOO  Pounds — First,  F.  L.  Hutson  &  Son;   second. 
A.  L.  Russell;   third,  F.  L.  Hutson  &  Son. 

Pair  Mules  Under  2400  Pounds — First,  A.  L.  Foster. 

Pair  Mules  Any  Age  or  Weight — First  and  third,  F.  L.  Hutson  &  Son; 
second,  A.  L.  Russell. 

Five  Mules  Any  Age — First,  F.  L.  Hutson  &  Son. 

Champion  Mule  Any  Age — First,  Snowball,  F.  L.  Hutson  &  Son;  second. 
Ruth,  F.  L.  Hutson  &  Son. 


JACKS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Dierling  &  Otto,  Queen  City,  Mo. 

AWARDS. 

Judge W.  A.   Dobson,   Des  Moines,   Iowa. 

Jack  Three  Years  and  Over — First,  Pride  of  Missouri. 
Jack  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Fenn  Paymaster. 
Five  Jacks — First. 


CATTLE  DEPARTMENT. 
Superintendent H.  L.  Pike,  Whiting,  Iowa 

SHORT-HORNS. 

exhibitors. 

Anoka  Farms,  Waukesha,  Wis.;  Bellows  Bros.,  Maryville,  Mo.;  G.  H. 
Burge,  Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa;  F.  T.  Ehlers,  Tama,  Iowa;  Philip  Funke, 
Greenfield,  Iowa;  W.  E.  Graham,  Prairie  City,  Iowa;  Wm.  Herkel- 
mann,  Elwood,  Iowa;  W.  A.  Johnston,  Prairie  City,  Iowa;  C.  L.  Mc- 
Clellan,    Lowden,    Iowa;    H.    G.    McMillan    &    Son,    Rock    Rapids,    Iowa; 


814  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Theo.  Martin,  Bellevue,  Iowa;  J.  H.  Miller,  Peru,  Ind.;  C.  S.  Nevius, 
Chiles,  Kan.;  L.  C.  Oloff,  Ireton,  Iowa;  H.  H.  Powell  &  Son,  Linn  Grove, 
Iowa;  Rapp  Bros.,  St.  Edward,  Nebr.;  Rookwood  Farm,  Ames,  Iowa;  C. 
A.  Saunders,  Manilla,  Iowa;  Geo.  J.  Sayer,  McHenry,  111.;  Wm.  M,  Smith 
&  Sons,  West  Branch,  Iowa;  E.  B.  Thomas,  Audubon,  Iowa;  D.  Teitjen, 
Bellevue,  Iowa;  Geo.  M.  Vader,  Churdan,  Iowa;  W.  W,  Vaughn,  Marion, 
Iowa;  R.  E.  Watts  &  Son,  Miles,  Iowa;  White  &  Smith,  St.  Cloud, 
Minn.;  W.  A.  Wickersham,  Melbourne,  Iowa. 

AW'AEDS, 

Judge A.   J.   Ryden,   Abingdon,   111. 

Bull  Three  Years  Old  or  Over— First,  Diamond  Goods,  333014,  Bellows 
Bros.;  second.  White  Star,  338500,  Geo.  J.  Sayer;  third,  Scotch  Avon, 
315678,  R.  E.  Watts  &  Sons;  fourth.  Monarch  Viceroy,  264469,  Theo.  Mar- 
tin; fifth.  Proud  Robin,  323815,  W.  A.  Wickersham;  sixth.  Ringmaster, 
299782,  Geo.  M.  Vader. 

Bull  Two  Years  and  Under  Three— First,  Sultan  Stamp,  334974,  Anoka 
Farms;  second.  Count  Avon  334946,  Rookwood  Farm;  third.  King  Cum- 
berland 2d,  352076,  H.  H.  Powell  &  Son;  fourth,  Corrector,  334788,  D. 
Teitjen;  fifth.  Fair  Knight  II,  350285,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  sixth, 
Foxy  Favorite,  336713,  Rapp  Bros.;  seventh,  Scottish  Lord,  254738,  Wm. 
M.  Smith  &  Sons. 

Senior  Yearling  Bull — First,  Gloster  Fashion,  250512,  Anoka  Farms; 
second.  Silver  Sultan,  353640,  G.  H.  Burge;  third.  Gay  Lord,  346618,  H. 
G.  McMillan  &  Son;  fourth.  Major,  351957,  D.  Teitjen;  fifth.  Grand  Master, 
352173,  Rapp  Bros.;  sixth,  Lavendar  King,  353118,  Philip  Funke;  seventh. 
The  Governor,   351958,   D.  Teitjen. 

Junior  Yearling  Bull — First,  Bandmaster,  359285,  H.  G.  McMillan  & 
Son;  second.  Red  Marshall  2d,  R.  E.  Watts  &  Son;  third.  Village  Pride, 
352176,  Rapp  Bros.;  fourth,  True  Cumberland  3d,  Wm.  Herkelmann;  fifth, 
Diamond  Gloster,  355961,  Theo.  Martin;  sixth.  Red  Robin,  W.  A.  Wicker- 
sham;   seventh,  Missie's  Prince,   365699,  Wm.  Herkelmann. 

Senior  Bull  Calf — First,  Gloster  Mine,  Anoka  Farms;  second,  Cumber- 
land's Pride,  H.  H.  Powell  &  Son;  third.  Good  Fashion,  Anoka  Farms; 
fourth,  Pride  of  Elmlawn,  367021,  L.  C.  Oloff;  fifth,  Proud  Lad,  Rapp 
Bros.;  sixth.  Hill  Crest  Excelsior,  363803,  D.  Teitjen;  seventh,  Linwood 
Cumberland,  H.  H.  Powell  &  Son. 

Junior  Bull  Calf — First,  Village  Cumberland,  C.  A.  Saunders;  second, 
Scotch  Goods,  365464,  W.  E.  Graham;  third,  Clipper  Stamp,  Anoka  Farms; 
fourth,  March  Premier,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Son;  fifth.  Hill  Crest  Spangle, 
363805,  D.  Teitjen;  sixth.  Monarch's  Fashion,  367087,  Theo.  Martin; 
seventh,  Fairview  Sultan,  F.  H.  Ehlers. 

Cow  Three  Years  or  Over— First,  Fair  Start  2d,  68802,  Geo.  J.  Sayer; 
second.  New  Year's  Delight,  59502,  J.  H.  Miller;  third,  Columbia  10th, 
62022,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Son;  fourth,  Florella,  Vol.  68,  G.  H.  Burge; 
fifth.  Sassy  Violet  3d,  59495,  Wm.  Herkelmann;  sixth,  Sally  Morton,  Vol. 
65,  D.  Teitjen;   seventh.  Fairy  Queen,  86250,  F.  H.  Ehlers. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  815 


FIRST  TWO-YEAR-OLD  SHORTHORN  HEIPEB 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 

Heifer  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Mary  Ann  of  Oakland  2d, 
86840,  Geo.  J.  Sayer;  second,  Queen  Mildred,  92788,  Geo.  J.  Sayer;  third, 
Sultan's  Aconite,  86627,  Anoka  Farms;  fourth,  Marshall's  Missie,  86337, 
D.  Teitjen;  fifth,  Bonnie  Cumberland  2d,  86363,  Wm.  Herkelmann;  sixth. 
Choice  Gloster  II,  101044,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Son;  seventh,  Dora  Malaka, 
101375,  F.  H.  Ehlers. 

Senior  Yearling  Heifer—First,  Mildred  of  Oakland,  106370,  Geo.  J. 
Sayer;  second.  Orange  Choice,  108741,  F.  H.  Ehlers;  third,  Mayflower  IV, 
101855,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Son;  fourth.  Lady  Violet  5th,  109096,  Wm. 
Herkelmann;  fifth,  Florence,  108731,  F.  H.  Ehlers;  sixth,  Orange  Flower 
2d,  115756,  G.  H.  Burge. 

Junior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  78th  Duchess  of  Gloster,  112340,  Geo. 
J.  Sayer;  second.  Touch  Me  Not,  107940,  C.  A.  Saunders;  third,  Her  Excel- 
lence, 106079,  D.  Teitjen;  fourth.  Village  Rose  2d,  Anoka  Farms;  fifth, 
Martha  2d,  Rapp  Bros.;  sixth.  Hill  Krest  Queen,  106080,  D.  Teitjen; 
seventh.  May's  Lady,  118578,  Rapp  Bros. 


816  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Senior  Heifer  Calf — First,  79th  Duchess  of  Gloster,  C.  A.  Saunders;  sec- 
ond, Sittyton  Anna,  125327,  Geo.  J.  Sayer;  third.  Spicy  of  Anoka,  Anoka 
Farms;  fourth,  British  Countess,  126927,  Rookwood  Farm;  fifth,  Bonnie 
Duchess,  Rapp  Bros.;  sixth.  Fancy  Mine,  Anoka  Farms;  seventh,  Hurds- 
man    Queen,    Rapp    Bros. 

Junior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Bonnie  Cumberland  8th,  C.  A.  Saunders; 
second.  Hill  Krest  Lassie,  123300,  D.  Teitjen;  third,  Victoria  of  Wayside, 
G.  H.  Burge;  fourth.  Butterfly  Sultana,  122283,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Son; 
fifth,  Missie  3d,  125641,  Wm.  Herkelmann;  sixth.  Countess  Victoria, 
125640,  Wm.  Herkelmann;   seventh,  Elmlawn  Lassie,  127011,  L.  C.  Oloff, 

Senior  Champion  Bull — Diamond  Goods,  333014,  Bellows  Bros. 

Junior  Champion  Bull — Gloster  Fashion,  350512,  Anoka  Farms. 

Senior  Champion  Coio — Fair  Start  2d,  68802,  Geo.  J.  Sayer. 

Junior  Champion  Coic — 78th  Duchess  of  Gloster,  112340,  Geo.  J.  Sayer. 

Grand  Champion  Bull — Diamond  Goods,  333014,  Bellows  Bros. 

Grand  Champion  Coio — Fair  Start  2d,  68802,  Geo.  J.  Sayer. 

Exhihitor's  Herd — First,  Geo.  J.  Sayer;  second,  Anoka  Farms;  third, 
D.  Teitjen;  fourth,  H.  C.  McMillan  &  Son;  fifth,  Wm.  Herkelmann;  sixth, 
F.  H.   Ehlers. 

Breeder's  Young  Herd — First,  Anoka  Farms;  second,  D.  Teitjen;  third, 
Rapp  Bros.;   fourth,  G.  H.  Burge. 

Calf  Herd — First,  Anoka  Farms;  second,  C.  A.  Saunders;  third,  Rook- 
wood Farm;   fourth,  D.  Teitjen;   fifth,  Rapp  Bros.;   sixth,  G.  H.  Burge. 

Get  of  Sire — First,  Geo.  J.  Sayer;  second,  Anoka  Farms;  third,  Rapp 
Bros.;  fourth,  D.  Teitjen;  fifth,  G.  H.  Burge;  sixth,  L.  C.  Oloff. 

Produce  of  Cow — First,  Anoka  Farms;  second,  Geo.  J.  Sayer;  third, 
D.  Teitjen;  fourth,  G.  H.  Burge;  fifth,  Rapp  Bros.;  sixth,  Wm.  Herkel- 
mann. 

IOWA  SHORT-HORN  SPECIALS. 

Bull  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Scotch  Avon,  315678,  R.  E.  Watts  & 
Son;  second.  Monarch  Viceroy,  264469,  Theo.  Martin;  third.  Proud  Robin, 
323815,  W.  A.  Wickersham;  fourth,  Ringmaster,  299782,  Geo.  M.  Vader. 

Bull  Two  Years,  Under  Three — First,  Count  Avon,  334946,  Rookwood 
Farms;  second,  King  Cumberland  2d,  352076,  H.  H.  Powell  &  Son;  third, 
Corrector,  334788,  D.  Teitjen;  fourth,  Fair  Knight  II,  350285,  H.  G.  Mc- 
Millan &  Sons;  fifth,  Scottish  Lord,  254738,  Wm.  M.  Smith  &  Sons;  sixth. 
Comet,  357582,  W.  W.  Vaughn;  seventh,  Count  Rosemary  2d,  354737, 
Wm.  M.  Smith  &  Sons. 

Senior  Yearling  Bull — First,  Silver  Sultan,  353640,  G.  H.  Burge;  sec- 
ond, Gay  Lord,  346618,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  third.  Major,  351957,  D. 
Teitjen;  fourth,  Lavendar  King,  353118,  Philip  Funke;  fifth.  The  Gov- 
ernor, 351958,  D.  Teitjen;  sixth.  Knight  of  Elanwood,  353970,  E.  B. 
Thomas;  seventh,  Lancaster  Sultan,  359097,  F.  H.  Ehlers. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      817 

Junior  Yearling  Bull — First,  Bandmaster,  359285,  H.  G.  McMillan  & 
Sons;  second,  Red  Marshall  2d,  R.  E.  Watts  &  Son;  third,  True  Cum- 
berland 3d,  353220,  Wm.  Herkelmann;  fourth,  Diamond  Gloster,  355961, 
Theo.  Martin;  fifth.  Red  Robin,  W.  A.  Wickersham;  sixth,  Missie's 
Prince,  365699,  Wm.  Herkelmann;  seventh.  Sultan  of  Wayside,  G.  H. 
Burge. 

Senior  Bull  Calf— First,  Cumberland's  Pride,  H.  H.  Powell  &  Son; 
second.  Pride  of  Elmlawn,  367021,  L.  C.  Oloff;  third,  Hill  Krest  Excelsior, 
363803,  D.  Teitjen;  fourth,  Linwood  Cumberland,  H.  H.  Powell  &  Son; 
fifth,  Gloster  Sultan,  362829,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  sixth,  Old  Busi- 
ness, G.  H.  Burge;   seventh,  Golden  Hampton,  365697,  Wm.  Herkelmann. 

Junior  Bull  Calf — First,  Village  Cumberland,  C.  A.  Saunders;  second, 
Scotch  Goods,  365464,  W.  E.  Graham;  third,  March  Premier,  H.  G.  Mc- 
Millan &  Sons;  fourth,  Hill  Krest  Spangle,  363805,  D.  Teitjen;  fifth,  Mon- 
arch's Fashion,  357087,  Theo.  Martin;  sixth,  Fairview  Sultan,  F.  H. 
Ehlers;    seventh,  Missie's  Pride,  365698,  Wm.  Herkelmann. 

Cow  Three  Years  or  Oi;er— First,  Columbia  10th,  62022,  H.  G.  Mc- 
Millan &  Sons;  second,  Florella,  Vol.  68,  G.  H.  Burge;  third,  Sassy  Violet 
3d,  59495,  Wm.  Herkelmann;  fourth,  Sally  Morton,  Vol.  65,  D.  Teitjen; 
fifth.  Fairy  Queen,  86250,  F.  H.  Ehlers;  sixth.  Honey  Creek  Foxglove, 
W.  W.  Vaughn. 

Heifer  Two  Years,  Under  Three — First,  Marshall's  Missie,  86337,  D. 
Teitjen;  second,  Bonnie  Cumberland  2d,  86363,  Wm,  Herkelmann;  third. 
Choice  Gloster  II,  101044,  H.  C.  McMillan  &  Son;  fourth,  Dora  Malaka, 
101375,  F.  H.  Ehlers. 

Senior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Orange  Choice,  108741,  F.  H.  Ehlers; 
second,  Mayflower  IV,  101855,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Son;  third.  Lady 
Violet  5th,  109096,  Wm.  Herkelmann;  fourth,  Florence,  108731,  F.  H. 
Ehlers;   fifth.  Orange  Flower  2d,  115756,  G.  H.  Burge. 

Junior  Yearling  Heifer— First,  Touch  Me  Not,  107940,  C.  A.  Saunders; 
second.  Her  Excellence,  106079,  D.  Teitjen;  third,  Hill  Krest  Queen, 
106080,  D'.  Teitjen;  fourth,  Sweet  Fashion,  107866,  Theo.  Martin;  fifth, 
Gipsy's  Victoria,  126491,  Wm.  Herkelmann;  sixth,  Lucy,  111358,  F.  H. 
Ehlers;   seventh,  Scotch  Goods,  365464,  W.  E.  Graham. 

Senior  Heifer  Calf — First,  79th  Duchess  of  Gloster,  C.  A.  Saunders; 
second,  British  Countess,  126927,  Rookwood  Farm;  third,  Hill  Krest  Belle, 
123299,  D.  Teitjen;  fourth,  British  Victoria  2d,  Rookwood  Farm;  fifth, 
Miss  Lavendar  3d,  127058,  Philip  Funke;  sixth,  Scotch  Diamond,  W.  A. 
Wickersham;    seventh.  Miss  Missie,  124891,  W.  E.  Graham. 

Junior  Heifer  Calf— First,  Bonnie  Cumberland  8th,  C.  A.  Saunders; 
second.  Hill  Krest  Lassie,  123300,  D.  Teitjen;  third,  Victoria  of  Wayside, 
G.  H.  Burge;  fourth.  Butterfly  Sultana,  122283,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons; 
fifth,  Missie  3d,  125641,  Wm.  Herkelmann;  sixth.  Countess  Victoria, 
125640,  Wm.  Herkelmann;    seventh,  Elmlawn  Lassie,  127011,  L.  C.  Oloff. 

Senior  Champion  Bull — Count  Avon,  334946,  Rookwood  Farms. 

Junior  Champion  Bull— Silver  Sultan,  353640,  G.  H.  Burge. 
52 


818  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Senior  Champion  Cow — Marshall's  Missie,  86337,  D.  Teitjen. 
Junior  Champion  Cow — 79th  Duchess  of  Gloster,  C.  A.  Saunders. 
Grand  Champion  Bull— Conni  Avon,   334946,  Rookwood  Farms. 
Grand  Champion  Cow — Marshall's  Missie,  86337,  D.  Teitjen. 

Exhibitor's  Herd — First,  D.  Teitjen;  second,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Son; 
third,  Wm.  Herkelmann;   fourth,  F.  H.  Ehlers. 

Breeder's  Young  Herd — First,  D.  Teitjen;   second,  G.  H.  Burge. 

Calf  Herd — First,  C.  A.  Saunders;  second,  Rookwood  Farms;  third,  D. 
Teitjen;    fourth,  G.  H.  Burge;    fifth,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Son. 

Get  of  Sire— First,  D.  Teitjen;  second,  G.  H.  Burge;  third,  L.  C.  Oloc; 
fourth,  Wm.  Herkelmann;  fifth,  H.  G.  McMillan  &  Sons;  sixth,  Theo. 
Martin. 

Produee  of  Coio—Firzt,  D.  Teitjen;  second,  G.  H.  Burge;  third,  Wm. 
Herkelmann;  fourth,  Philip  Funke;  fifth,  W.  A.  Wickersham;  sixth,  Wm. 
Herkelmann. 


HEREFORDS. 

EXHIBITORS. 


J.  B.  Ashby,  Audubon,  Iowa;  E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son,  Whiting,  Iowa;  J. 
P.  Cudahy,  Belton,  Mo.;  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son,  Atlantic,  Iowa;  Hahn  & 
Mayne,  Harlan,  Iowa;  O.  Harris,  Harris,  Mo.;  Robt.  H.  Hazlitt,  Eldorado, 
Kan.;  Mrs.  E.  L.  Karr,  Osceola,  Iowa;  E.  W.  Kreischer,  Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa; 
Warren  T.  McCray,  Kentland,  Ind.;  B.  F.  Maiden  &  Son,  Tama,  Iowa; 
Cyrus  A.  Tow,  Norway,  Iowa;  J.  H.  &  Jno.  W.  Van  Natta,  LaFayette,  Ind. 

AWARDS. 

Judge F.  W.  Vax  Natta,  Fowler,  Ind. 

Bull  Three  Years  or  Over— First,  Fairfax  16th,  316931,  J.  P.  Cudahy; 
second.  Standard,  325950,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  third,  Tippecanoe,  294100,  J.  H. 
&  Jno.  W.  Van  Natta;  fourth.  Beau  Sturgess  2d,  316605,  Robt.  H.  Hazlitt; 
fifth,  Donald  Rex  D.,  270986,  Warren  T.  McCray;  sixth.  General  G., 
261924,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  seventh.  Young  Albany,  290216,  E.  W. 
Kreischer. 

Bull  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Prince  Perfection,  342054, 
O.  Harris;  second.  Corrector  Fairfax,  332653,  J.  P.  Cudahy;  third,  Donald 
Lad  7th,  348415,  O.  Harris;  fourth,  Byron  Fairfax,  344282,  Warren  T.  Mc- 
Cray; fifth,  Good  Lad,  343996,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  sixth.  Perfect  Fairfax, 
332660,  Warren  T.  McCray. 

Senior  Yearling  Bull— Firsi,  Graceful  Lad  3d,  367678,  J.  H.  &  Jno.  W. 
Van  Natta;  second,  Bonnie  Lad  26th,  367112,  Robt.  H.  Hazlitt;  third, 
Carnot,  364246,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  fourth,  Protector  Fairfax,  361812. 
Warren  T.  McCray;  fifth.  Beau  Perfection  9th,  368012,  Hahn  &  Mayne; 
sixth,  Beau  Protector,  363733,  Mrs.  E.  L.  Karr. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      819 

Junior  Yearling  Bull — First,  Prize  Winner,  373717,  O.  Harris;  second, 
Beau  Fairfax,  368360,  J.  P.  Cudahy;  third.  Diamond  Donald,  367648,  J.  H. 
&  Jno.  W.  Van  Natta;  fourth.  Perfection  Jr.,  373642,  Cyrus  A.  Tow; 
fifth,  Bocaldo,  362186,  Robt.  H.  Hazlitt;  sixth,  Panama  Gay  Lad,  365249, 
O.  Harris;  seventh,  Beau  Patrick,  370338,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son. 

Senior  Bull  Calf — First,  Repeater  7th,  386905,  O.  Harris;  second,  Dis- 
mora  3d,  388740,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  third,  Tippecanoe  3d,  390011,  J.  H.  & 
Jno.  W.  Van  Natta;  fourth,  Beau  Baltimore,  388453,  Robt.  H.  Hazlitt;  fifth, 
Gay  Lad  9th,  386873,  O.  Harris;  sixth,  Golden  Lad,  381477,  E.  M.  Cassady; 
seventh,  Teddy  Fairfax,  388834,  Warren  T.  McCray. 

Junior  Bull  Calf— First,  Duke  Real,  388816,  Warren  T,  McCray;  second, 
Consumation,  388812,  Warren  T.  McCray;  third,  Gay  Lad  I2th,  395804,  O. 
Harris;  fourth,  Fairview  Prince,  388031,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  fifth,  Beau  Gen- 
eral 6th,  391948,  0.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  sixth,  Goldbeater,  396757,  J.  P. 
Cudahy;  seventh,  Claremont  Pride,  397581,  J.  B.  Ashby. 

Cow  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Scottish  Lassie,  304352,  J.  P.  Cudahy; 
second.  Prime  Lady  2d,  324661;  J.  H.  &  Jno.  W.  Van  Natta;  third.  Gay 
Lass  5th,  316953,  Warren  T.  McCray;  fourth.  Princess  16th,  288350,  O. 
Harris;  fifth.  Lady  Fairfax  4th,  265180,  Warren  T.  McCray;  sixth,  Brit- 
ish Ornament,  325280,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  seventh.  Disturber's  Queen  2d, 
325351,  Cyrus  A.  Tow. 

Heifer  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Perfection  Lass,  342053, 
J.  P.  Cudahy;  second.  Disturber's  Lassie  4th,  349146,  Cyrus  A.  Tow; 
third.  Amy  Folly,  338594,  J.  H.  &  Jno.  W,  Van  Natta;  fourth,  Nora  Fair- 
fax, 344290,  Warren  T.  McCray;  fifth,  Mary  Maid,  344952,  J.  H.  &  Jno.  W. 
Van  Natta;  fifth,  Bloss  4th,  351117,  Robt.  H.  Hazlitt;  seventh.  Miss  Ruth, 
341216,  Warren  T.  McCray. 

Senior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Donald  Lass  9th,  370534,  Warren  T.  Mc- 
Cray; second,  Princess  Repeater,  359355,  0.  Harris;  third,  Harris  Princess, 
215th,  359358,  O.  Harris;  fourth.  Pansy  Belle  4th,  364248,  O.  S.  Gibbons 
&  Son;  fifth,  Daisy  4th,  371607,  Hahn  &  Mayne;  sixth,  Melzah,  362204, 
Robt.  H.  Hazlitt;    seventh.  Faith  3d,  371609,  Cyrus  A.  Tow. 

Junior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Celandine  2d,  371605,  J.  P.  Cudahy; 
second.  Miss  Peerless  Fairfax,  369685,  Warren  T.  McCray;  third.  Folly 
Bird,  367650,  J.  H.  &  Jno.  W.  Van  Natta;  fourth,  Tippecanoe  Lass, 
367665,  J.  H.  &  Jno.  W.  Van  Natta;  fifth.  Princess  Repeater  3d,  365253,  0. 
Harris;  sixth,  Bonnie  Lass  18th,  367119,  Hahn  &  Mayne;  seventh,  Idylette, 
362200,  Robt.  H.  Hazlitt. 

Senior  Heifer  Calf— First,  Pearl  Donald,  396760,  J.  P.  Cudahy;  second. 
Miss  Gay  Lad  7th,  386871,  O.  Harris;  third,  Finella  Canoe,  390003,  J.  H. 
&  Jno.  W.  Van  Natta;  fourth,  Mauzelle,  388478,  Robt.  H.  Hazlitt;  fifth, 
Joan  Fairfax,  388823,  Warren  T.  McCray;  sixth.  Miss  Gay  Lad  6th, 
386896,  O.  Harris;  seventh.  Beauty,  388252,  E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son. 

Junior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Miss  Repeater  11th,  395824,  O.  Harris; 
second,  Gertrude  Fairfax,  388822,  Warren  T.  McCray;  third,  Anita  Don- 
ald,   397698,   J.   P.    Cudahy;    fourth,   Lenora   2d,   388032,   Cyrus   A.    Tow; 


820 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


GRAND  CHAMPION  HEREFORD  BULL 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 

fifth,  Miss  Armour  Donald,  388829,  Warren  T.  McCray;  sixth,  Claremont 
Pet,  397584,  J.  B.  Ashby;  seventh.  Lady  Rex,  394708,  J.  H.  &  Jno.  W. 
Van  Natta. 

Senior  Champion  BtiZZ— Fairfax  16th,  316931,  J.  P.  Cudahy. 
Junior  Champion  Bull — Repeater  7th,   386905,  O.  Harris. 
Senior  Champion  Cow — Scottish  Lassie,  305352,  J.  P.  Cudahy. 
Junior  Champion  Cow — Miss  Repeater  11th,  395824,  O.  Harris. 
Grand  Champion  Bull— F&irfax  16th,  316931,  J.  P.  Cudahy. 
Grand  Champion  Cow — Scottish  Lassie,  305352,  J.  P.  Cudahy. 

Exhibitor's  Herd — First,  J.  P.  Cudahy;  second,  J.  H.  &  Jno.  W.  Van 
Natta;  third,  0.  Harris;  fourth,  Warren  T.  McCray;  fifth,  Cyrus  A.  Tow; 
sixth,  Warren  T.  McCray;    seventh,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son. 

Breeder's  Young  Herd — First,  0.  Harris;  second,  J.  H.  &  Jno.  W.  Van 
Natta;  third,  Warren  T.  McCray;  fourth,  J.  P.  Cudahy;  fifth,  Robt.  H. 
Hazlitt. 

Calf  Herd— First,  0.  Harris;  second,  J.  H.  &  Jno.  W.  Van  Natta;  third, 
Robt.  H.  Hazlitt;  fourth,  Warren  T.  McCray;  fifth,  J.  P.  Cudahy;  sixth, 
E.  M.  Cassady  &  Sons;   seventh,  Warren  T.  McCray. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  821 

Get  of  Sire — First,  J.  P.  Cudahy;  second,  Warren  T.  McCray;  third,  J. 
H.  &  Jno.  W.  Van  Natta;  fourth,  0.  Harris;  fifth,  Cyrus  A  Tow;  sixth, 
J.  H.  &  Jno.  W.  Van  Natta;  seventh,  Robt  H.  Hazlitt. 

Produce  of  Cow — First,  Warren  T.  McCray;  second,  Warren  T.  Mc- 
Cray; third,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  fourth,  0.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  fifth  and  sixth, 
O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son. 

IOWA  HEREFORD  SPECIALS. 

Bull  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Standard,  325950,  Cyrus  A.  Tow; 
second.  General  G.,  261924,  0.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  third.  Young  Albany, 
290216,  E.  W.  Kreischer. 

Bull  Tivo  Years  and  Under  Three— First,  Good  Lad,  343996,  0.  S.  Gib- 
bons &  Son. 

Senior  Yearling  Bull — First,  Carnot,  364246,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son; 
second.  Beau  Perfection  9th,  368012,  Hahn  &  Mayne;  third.  Beau  Pro- 
tector,  363733,   Mrs.   E.   L.   Karr. 

Junior  Yearling  Bull— First,  Perfection  Jr.,  373642,  Cyrus  A.  Tow; 
second.  Beau  Patrick,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  third.  Defender  2d,  373336, 
E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son;  fourth  Parole,  371617,  Hahn  &  Mayne;  fifth, 
Young  Premier,  380799,  Hahn  &  Mayne. 

Senior  Bull  Calf — First,  Dismora  3d,  388740,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  second, 
Golden  Lad,  381477,  E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son;  third.  Standard  4th,  382208, 
E.  W.  Kreischer;  fourth.  Beau  General  4th,  386450,  0.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son. 

Junior  Bull  Calf — First,  Fairview  Prince,  388031,  Cyrus  A.  Tow; 
second.  Beau  General  6th,  391948,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  third,  Clairmont 
Pride,  397581,  J.  B.  Ashby. 

Cow  Three  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  British  Ornament,  325280,  Cyrus 
A.  Tow;  second,  Disturber  Queen  2d,  325351,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  third,  Pris- 
cilla,  204713,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  fourth.  Diamond's  Maid  2d,  320887,  E. 
W.  Kreischer. 

Heifer  Two  Years  and  Tinder  Three — First,  Disturber's  Lassie  4th, 
349146,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  second.  Moonbeam,  348407,  E.  W.  Kreischer; 
third,  Lady  Viola,  349149,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  fourth,  Carnette,  340292, 
O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son. 

Senior  Yearling  Heifer— First,  Pansy  Belle  4th,  364248,  0.  S.  Gibbons 
&  Son;  second,  Daisy  4th,  Hahn  &  Mayne;  third,  Faith  3d,  371609, 
Cyrus  A.  Tow;  fourth,  Fairview  Silky,  364581,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  fifth.  Lady 
Amber,  364837,  E.  W.  Kreischer. 

Junior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Bonnie  Lass  18th,  Hahn  &  Mayne;  sec- 
ond. Lassie,  372645,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  third.  Disturber's  Lassie  5th, 
369627,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;   fourth,  Miss  Creamy,  369631,  Cyrus  A.  Tow. 

Senior  Heifer  Calf— First,  Beauty,  388252,  E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son;  second, 
Disturber's  Lassie  6th,  388029,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  third.  Lady  General,  386447, 
O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  fourth.  Donna  Valentine,  381475,  E.  M.  Cassady  & 
Son;  fifth,  Miss  Randolph,  397091,  E.  W.  Kreischer. 


822  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Junior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Lenora  2d,  388032,  Cyrus  A,  Tow;  second, 
Claremont  Pet,  397584,  J.  B.  Ashby;  third,  Arthur's  Lady,  388251,  E.  M. 
Cassady  &  Son;  fourth,  Priscilline,  391950,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son;  fifth, 
Lad's  Gertie,  397586,  J.  B.  Ashby. 

Senior  Champion  Bull — Good  Lad,  343996,  0.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son. 
Junior  Champion  Bull — Perfection  Jr.,  373642,  Cyrus  A.   Tow. 
Senior  Champion  Cow — Disturber's  Lassie  4th,  349146,  Cyrus  A.  Tow. 
Junior  Champion  Cow — Beauty,  388252,  E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son. 
Grand  Champion  Bull — Perfection  Jr.,  373642,  Cyrus  A.  Tow. 
Grand  Champion  Coio — Disturber's  Lassie  4th,  3-49146,  Cyrus  A.  Tow. 

Exhibitor's  Herd — First,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  second,  0.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son; 
third,   E.  W.   Kreischer. 

Calf  Herd— F\vs,t,  E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son;  second,  O.  S.  Gibbons  &  Son; 
third,  J.  B.  Ashby;  fourth,  E.  W.  Kreischer. 

Get  of  ^ire— First,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  second  and  fourth,  0.  S.  Gibbons  & 
Son;    third,   E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son. 

Produce  of  Cow—¥\Tst,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  second,  third  and  fourth,  0.  S. 
Gibbons  &  Son. 


ABERDEEN  ANGUS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son,  Newell,  Iowa;  A.  B.  Atwater  &  Son,  Robins, 
Iowa;  A.  C.  Binnie,  Alta,  Iowa;  Chas.  Escher  &  Son,  Botna,  Iowa;  W.  A. 
McHenry,  Denison,  Iowa;  W.  J.  Miller,  Newton,  Iowa;  Carl  A.  Rosenfeld, 
Kelley,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge C.    J.    Martix,    Jefferson,    Iowa. 

Bull  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Kloman,  135617,  A.  C.  Binnie;  sec- 
ond, Erwin  C,  136625,  W.  A.  McHenry;  third.  Ever  Black,  117629,  W.  H. 
Miller;  fourth,  Enus,  139624,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son. 

Bull  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Black  Pridewood,  137275,  A. 
C.  Binnie;  second,  Peter  Pan  of  Alta,  140526,  W.  J.  Miller;  third,  R.  M. 
Anderson  &  Sons. 

Senior  Yearling  Bull— First,  Proud  Thickset,  W.  A.  McHenry;  second, 
Rosegay  6th,  W.  J.  Miller. 

Junior  Yearling  Bull — First,  Joubert,  150168;  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Sons; 
second,  Prince  Felzer,  156700,  Chas.  Escher  &  Son;  third,  Enos  3d,  130053, 
R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son;  fourth,  Kris  Kringle  B.,  150194,  A.  C.  Binnie;  fifth, 
Pride's  Twain,   157761,  W.  J.  Miller. 

Senior  Bull  Calf — First,  Bromo,  155560,  Chas.  Escher  &  Son;  second. 
Provost,  150243,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son;  third.  Quality  Prince  2d,  158963, 
W.   A.   McHenry;    fourth.    Pride's   Kloman,    152295,   A.    C.    Binnie;    fifth. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII 


823 


Heather  Keylex,  152752,  W.  J.  Miller;  sixth,  Black  Prince  Rosegay,  Carl  A. 
Rosenfeld. 

Junior  Bull  Calf — First,  Eraman,  A.  C.  Binnib;  second,  Everlex,  W.  J. 
Miller;  third,  Enos  4th,  150275,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son. 

Cow  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Barbara  Woodson,  129611,  W.  J,  Mil- 
ler; second,  Eileen  of  Alta,  129498,  A.  C.  Binnie;  third,  Barbara  Mc- 
Henry  24th,  104144,  W.  A.  McHenry;  fourth.  Key  of  Heather  2d,  139064, 
W.  J.  Miller;  fifth.  Bell  Eclipser  of  Newell,  131046,  R.  M.  Anderson  & 
Sons;  sixth.  Pride  of  Elchies  12th,  116879,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Sons;  sev- 
enth. Jilt  56th,  130577,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son. 

Heifer  Tioo  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Black  Cap  McHenry  84th, 
138378,  W.  A.  McHenry;  second,  Black  Cap  McHenry  88th,  138394,  W.  A. 
McHenry;  third.  Abbess  of  Alta,  140517,  A.  C.  Binnie;  fourth,  Pride  of 
Black  Stone  3d,  139639,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son;  fifth.  Enchantress  8th, 
135664,  W.  J.  Miller;  sixth.  Proud  Formera  2d,  137273,  A.  C.  Binnie; 
seventh,  Barbara  Woodson  2d,  139901,  W.  J.  Miller. 


GRAND  CHAMPION   ANGUS  COW 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 


824  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Senior  Yearling  Heifer—First,  Pride  McHenry  97th,  149358,  W.  A. 
McHenry;  second,  Pride  McHenry  100,  149362,  W.  A.  McHenry;  third, 
Metz  Blackbird  8th,  149508,  W.  J.  Miller;  fourth,  Key  of  Indianapolis 
4th,  150048,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son;  fifth.  Abbess  of  Alta  2d,  150179,  A.  C. 
Binnie;  sixth,  Blackbird  Lassie  of  Alta  16th,  150182,  A.  C.  Binnie. 

Junior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Coquette  McHenry  37,  149391,  W.  A.  Mc- 
Henry; second,  Katy  Key  Mura  2d,  150410,  W.  J.  Miller;  third,  Metz 
Beauty  11th,  151756,  W.  J.  Miller;  fourth,  Pride  of  Elchies  20th,  150052, 
R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son. 

Senior  Heifer  Calf— First,  Pride  McHenry  108th,  158956,  W.  A.  Mc- 
Henry; second.  Pride  McHenry  109th,  158958,  W.  A.  McHenry;  third,  Miss 
Barbara,  W.  J.  Miller;  fourth,  Blackbird  Woodson,  W.  J.  Miller;  fifth, 
Krista  Klo,  A.  C.  Binnie;  sixth,  Key  of  Indianapolis  5th,  150642,  R.  M. 
Anderson  &  Son;  seventh.  Queen  of  the  Dale,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son; 
eighth.  Blackbird  Lassie  of  Alta  19th,  A.  C.  Binnie. 

Junior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Blackcap  of  Alta  6th,  A.  C.  Binnie;  second, 
Erin's  Pride  2d,  W.  J.  Miller;  third,  Jilt,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son;  fourth. 
Pride  of  Elchies,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son;  fifth.  Pride  of  Alta  20th,  A. 
C.  Binnie. 

Senior  Champion  Bull — Kloman,  135617,  A.  C.  Binnie. 

Junior   Champion  Bull — Proud   Thickset,   W.   A.   McHenry. 

Senior  Champion  Coiv — Barbara  Woodson,  129611,  W.  J.  Miller. 

Junior  Champi07i  Coiv — Pride  McHenry  97th,  194358,  W.  A.  McHenry. 

Grand  Champion  Bull — Kloman,  135617,  A.   C.  Binnie. 

Grand  Champion  Cow — Barbara  Woodson,  129611,  W.  J.  Miller. 

Exhibitor's  Herd — First,  W.  A.  McHenry;  second,  A.  C.  Binnie;  third, 
W.  J.  Miller;   fourth,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son. 

Breeder's  Young  Herd — First,  W.  A.  McHenry;  second,  W.  J.  Miller; 
third,  A.  C.  Binnie;   fourth,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Sons. 

Calf  Herd — First,  W.  A.  McHenry;  second,  A.  C.  Binnie;  third,  W.  J. 
Miller;  fourth,  R.  M.  Anderson  &  Son;  fifth,  A.  C.  Binnie. 

Get  of  Sire — First,  W.  A.  McHenry;  second,  W.  A.  McHenry;  third,  R. 
M.  Anderson  &  Sons;  fourth  and  sixth,  A.  C.  Binnie;  fifth,  W.  J.- Miller. 

Produce  of  Cow — First,  W.  A.  McHenry;  second  and  fourth,  W.  J. 
Miller;   third,  fifth  and  sixth,  A.  C.  Binnie. 


GALLOWAY. 


EXHIBITORS. 


S.  M.  Croft  &  Son,  Bluff  City,  Kan.;  C.  S.  Hechtner,  Chariton,  Iowa;  A. 
O.  Huff,  Arcadia,  Nebr.;   Straub  Bros.,  Avoca,  Nebr. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  825 

AWARDS. 

Judge Ciias.  Esciier,  Jr.,  Botna,  Iowa 

Bull  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Marquis,  34815,  Straub  Bros.;  second, 
Meadowlawn  Crusader,  322201,  A.  0.  Huff;  third.  Gentleman  Frank, 
32188,  S.  M.  Croft  &  Son. 

Bull  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Choice  Master,  35185,  Straub 
Bros.;  second,  Fearnot  of  Maples,  35166,  C.  S.  Hechtner;  third.  Captain 
Joe,  35578,  A.  O.  Huff. 

Bull  One  Year  and  Under  Tivo — First,  Casino,  36410,  Straub  Bros.; 
second.  Midnight  Signet,  S.  M.  Croft  &  Son;  third.  Prince  Favorite, 
26212,  C.  S.  Hechtner;  fourth,  Dixydude,  36525,  A.  O.  Huff;  fifth,  Mara- 
mere,  37206,  Straub  Bros. 

Senior  Bull  (7aZ/— First,  Minnie's  Favorite,  36544,  C.  S.  Hechtner; 
second,  Monark,  Straub  Bros.;  third,  Byron  Black,  A.  0.  Huff;  fourth, 
Cazomet,  37364,  S.  M.  Croft  &  Son. 

Ju7iior  Bull  Calf — First,  Handsome  4th,  Straub  Bros.;  second,  Iva's 
Favorite,  C.   S.  Hechtner;    third.  Port  Wallril,  A.  O.  Huff. 

Cow  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Lady  Like,  34014,  Straub  Bros.; 
second,  Florence  of  Meadowlawn,  32316,  S.  M.  Croft  &  Son;  third.  Modesty 
2nd,  34931,  Straub,  Bros.;  fourth,  Capitaline,  35178,  A.  O.  Huff,  fifth, 
Bessie  of  Maples,   32252,  C.   S.   Hechtner. 

Heifer  Two  Years  and  under  Three — First,  Daisy  Dimple,  35187,  Straub 
Bros.;  second,  Clara  of  Maples  2nd,  35169,  C.  S.  Hechtner;  third.  Merry 
Lady,  36183,  Straub  Bros.;  fourth,  Meadowlawn  Soncy,  35202,  S.  M. 
Croft  &  Son;    fifth.  Sunbeam,   35640,  A.  0.  Huff. 

Senior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Marianne,  36221,  Straub  Bros.;  second, 
Clara  of  Maples  3rd,  36214,  C.  S.  Hechtner;  third.  Miss  Gertrude,  36284, 
S.  M.  Croft  &  Son;   fourth,  Lily  Wistful,  36524,  A.  0.  Huff. 

Junior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Nellie  Melville,  36228,  Straub  Bros.; 
second.  Lady  Russell,  36594,  S.  M.  Croft  &  Son;    third.  Lady  Sampson, 

36218,  C.  S.  Hechtner;   fourth.  Dainty  Doll,  36219,  A.  O.  Huff. 

Senior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Nellie  of  Maples  2nd,  36543,  C.  S.  Hechtner; 
second,  Ethel  of  Greenbush,  37363,  S.  M.  Croft  &  Son;  third,  Dewdrop, 
Straub  Bros.;    fourth,  Dolly  Dimple,  A.  O.  Huff. 

Junior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Clara  of  Maples  4th,  C.  S.  Hechtner;  second, 
Ollie  of  Greenbush,  37362,  S.  M.  Croft  &  Son;  third,  Bonnie  Bell,  Straub 
Bros.;   fourth,  Eveline,  A.  O.  Huff. 

Senior  Champion  Bull — Choice  Master,  35185,  Straub  Bros. 

Junior  Champion  Bull — Casino,  36410,  Straub  Bros. 

Senior  Champion  Cow — Ladylike,  34014,  Straub  Bros. 

Junior  Champion  Heifer — Clara  of  Maples  4th,  C.  S.  Hechtner. 

Grand  Champion  Bull — Choice  Master,  35185,  Straub  Bros. 

Grand  Champion  Coio — Ladylike,  34014,  Straub  Bros. 


826  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

ExhiMtor's  Herd — First  and  second,  Straub  Bros.;    third,   C,  S.  Hech- 
tner;   fourth,  S.  M.  Croft  &  Son;   fifth  A.  O.  Huff. 

Breeder's  Young  Herd — First,   3traub  Bros.;    second,   C.   S.   Hechtner; 
third,  S.  M.  Croft  &  Son;   fourth,  A.  O.  Huff. 

Get   of   Sire — First   and   second,    Straub   Bros.;    third   and   fifth,    C.    S. 
Hechtner;  fourth,  S.  M.  Croft  &  Son. 

Produce   of   Cow — First,   second   and   fourth,    Straub   Bros.;    third   and 
fifth,  C.  S.  Hechtner. 


POLLED  DURHAM. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Achenbach  Bros.,  Washington,  Kansas;  L.  S.  Huntley  &  Son,  Chari- 
ton, Iowa;  John  H,  Jennings,  Streator,  Illinois;  J,  H.  Miller,  Peru, 
Indiana;  Walker  Bros.,  Ord,  Nebraska. 

AWARDS. 

Judge E.  R.  Silliman,  Colo,  Iowa. 

Bull  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  The  Baron,  7435,  Achenbach  Bros.; 
second.  Golden  Sceptre,  6860,  Jno.  H.  Jennings. 

Bull  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Sultan's  Creed,  8716,  J.  H. 
Miller;  second.  Master  Hopewell,  9102,  Jno.  H.  Jennings;  third,  Splendor, 
8893,  Walker  Bros. 

Senior  Yearling  Bull — First,  Meadow  Sultan,  8721,  Achenbach  Bros.; 
second,  Iowa,  L.  S.  Huntley  &  Son. 

Junior  Yearling  Bull — First,  Brawith  Mint,  9152,  J.  H.  Miller;  second. 
Illustrator,  9343,  Walker  Bros.;  third.  Red  Cloud,  Walker  Bros. 

Senior  Bull  Calf— First,  Serene  Sultan,  365796,  J.  H.  Miller;  second. 
Red  Champion,  L.  S.  Huntley  &  Son;  third.  Sassy  Victor,  9187,  J.  H. 
Miller;  fourth.  Baron  Link,  9418,  Achenbach  Bros.;  fifth,  Prince  of  Ver- 
million, Jno.  H.  Jennings. 

Junior  Bull  Calf — First,  Prince  Mysie  2nd,  John  H.  Jennings;  second. 
True  Sultan,  9157,  J.  H.  Miller;  third.  Ringleader,  9345,  Walker  Bros.; 
fourth.  Baron  Exception,  9419,  Achenbach  Bros. 

Cow  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Lady  Marshall,  99003,  J.  H.  Miller; 
second.  Wanderer's  Trophy,  29820,  J.  H.  Miller;  third.  Roan  Belle, 
Walker  Bros.;  fourth.  Golden  Rose  5th,  Vol.  3,  Jno.  H.  Jennings;  fifth. 
Golden  Princess,  Vol.  4,  Jno.  H.  Jennings. 

Heifer  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Lady  Confidence,  89935,  J. 

H.  Miller;  second.  Queenly,  Vol.  5,  Jno.  H.  Jennings;  third.  Miss  Charm- 
ing, Walker  Bros. 

Senior  Yearling  Heifer — ^First,  Capacious  Sultana,  J.  H.  Miller,  Aurora 
Bell,  Walker  Bros. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII 


827 


CBAMPION  POLLED  DURHAM  BULL  AND  COW 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 

Junior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Thankful  Martha,  Vol.  5,  Achenbach 
Bros.;  second,  Queen  of  Miama  7th,  109608,  J.  H.  Miller;  third,  Baroness 
Cora,  Vol.  5,  Achenbach  Bros.;  fourth,  Glossilla,  Jno.  H.  Jennings;  fifth. 
Miss  Modesty,  Walker  Bros. 

Senior  Heifer  Calf — Lady  of  Quality,  J.  H.  Miller;  second,  Malvina, 
Jno.  H.  Jennings;  third.  Minute  2nd,  Vol.  5,  Achenbach  Bros.;  fourth. 
Fairy,  Walker  Bros. 

Junior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Golden  Thorn,  J.  H.  Miller;  second.  Miss 
Delight,  Walker  Bros.;    third.  The  Baroness,  Vol.   6,  Achenbach  Bros. 

Senior  Champion  Bull — Sultan's  Creed,  8716,  J.  H.  Miller. 
Junior  Champion  Bull — Meadow  Sultan,  8721,  Achenbach  Bros. 
Senior  Champion  Cow — Lady  Marshall,  99003,  J.  H.  Miller. 
Junior  Champion  Heifer — Capacious   Sultana,   J.   H.   Miller. 
Grand  Champion  Bull — Sultan's  Creed,  8716,  J.  H.  Miller. 
Grand  Champion  Cow — Lady  Marshall,  99003,  J.  H.  Miller. 

Exhibitor's  Herd — First,  J.  H.  Miller;  second,  Jno.  H.  Jennings;  third. 
Walker  Bros. 

Breeder's  Young  Herd — First,  J.  H.  Miller;  second,  Achenbach  Bros.; 
third.  Walker  Bros. 

Calf  Herd — First,  J.  H.  Miller;  second.  Walker  Bros.;  third,  Achen- 
bach Bros. 


828  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Get    of    Sire — First,    J.    H.    Miller;    second,    Achenbach    Bros.;    third. 
Walker  Bros. 

Produce  of  Cow — First,  J.  H.  Miller;    second,  Achenbach  Bros.;    third, 
J.  H.  Miller;    fourth.  Walker  Bros.;    fifth,  Jno.  H.  Jennings. 


RED  POLLED. 

EXHIBITOES. 

Adolph  p.  Arp,  Eldridge,  Iowa;  Frank  J.  CIouss,  Barnum,  Iowa;  Frank 
Davis  &  Son,  Holbrook,  Nebraska;  Chas.  Graff,  Bancroft,  Nebraska; 
Haussler  Bros.,  Holbrook,  Nebraska;  W.  S.  Hill,  Alexandria,  South  Da- 
kota; Fred  V/.  Lahr,  Brooks,  Iowa;  J.  W.  Larrabee,  Earlville,  Illinois; 
Thos.  L.  Leonard,  Beaver  Crossing,  Nebraska. 

AWARDS. 

Judge James  Wilson,  Brookings,  S.  D. 

Bull  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Teddy's  Best,  17603,  Haussler  Bros.; 
second,  Reo,  18766,  Prank  Davjs  &  Son;  third,  Ruperta's  Goods,  19226, 
Frank  J.  CIouss;  fourth,  Uno,  15662,  Thos.  L.  Leonard;  fifth,  Leo,  20121, 
?red  W.  Lahr. 

Bull  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Breadwinner,  21322,  Thos. 
L.  Leonard;  second,  Sir  William,  19872,  J.  W.  Larrabee;  third,  Bryan, 
23050,  A.  P.  Arp. 

Senior  Yearling  Bull — First,  Paul,  20994,  Frank  J.  CIouss;  second,  Luna 
Lad,  15th,  27022,  A.  P.  Arp;   third,  J.  Rose,  21041,  J.  W.  Larrabee. 

Junior  Yearling  Bull — First,  Nailor,  21864,  Fred  W.  Lahr;  second, 
Luna  Lad  14th,  23107,  A.  P.  Arp;  third,  Cosys  Napoleon  Apple,  21316, 
Thos.  L.  Leonard;  fourth,  Forester,  22308,  Chas.  Graff;  fifth.  Charmer, 
21866,  Haussler  Bros. 

Senior  Bull  Calf— Firzt,  Kansas  City  Lad,  23058,  Frank  Davis  &  Son; 
second,  Jim,  22520,  Frank  J.  CIouss;  third.  Brownie,  22574,  Thos.  L. 
Leonard;  fourth,  Luna  Lad  26th,  22409,  A.  P.  Arp;  fifth,  Liza  Lad,  23108 
A,  P.  Arp. 

Junior  Bull  Calf — ^First,  Ikea,  Frank  J.  CIouss;  second,  Mariom,  23076, 
J.  W.  Larrabee;  third.  Imperial,  Chas.  Graff;  fourth.  Big  Cremo,  23059, 
Frank  Davis  &  Son;  fifth,  Lofty,  23110,  Thos.  L.  Leonard. 

Cow  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Lena,  28536,  Frank  J.  CIouss;  second, 
Liza,  26498,  A.  P.  Arp;  third,  Inas,  25786,  Chas.  Graff;  fourth.  Tip,  26936, 
Haussler  Bros.;  fifth.  Tulip,  22864,  Thos.  L.  Leonard. 

Heifer  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Gazelle,  32011,  Haussler 
Bros.;  second.  Polka,  31189,  Frank  J.  CIouss;  third.  Lady  Dorothy  2nd, 
32349,  Frank  Davis  &  Son;  fourth,  Valentine  Lady,  32351,  Frank  Davis 
&  Son;   fifth,  Dahlia,  32326,  Frank  J.  CIouss. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      829 

Senior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Jennie,  82845,  Haussler  Bros.;  second, 
Luna  Lassie  16th,  33010,  A.  P.  Arp;  third,  Luna  Lassie  18th,  34294,  A. 
P.  Arp;  fourth,  Xmas  Bell,  34060,  Frank  Davis  &  Son;  fifth,  Pauline, 
25417,  Frank  J.  Clouss. 

Junior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Ida  Loo,  34570,  Chas.  Graff;  second, 
Vina,  34569,  Chas.  Graff;  third,  Lady  Itoo,  34922,  Thos.  L.  Leonard;  fourth, 
Wilda,  34923,  Thos.  L.  Leonard;  fifth,  Minnie,  Haussler  Bros. 

Senior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Pansy,  34842,  Frank  J.  Clouss;  second,  Red 
Rose,  35556,  Haussler  Bros.;  third.  Duchess,  Frank  J.  Clouss;  fourth, 
Lady  Starlight,  Thos.  L.  Leonard;   fifth,  Rosalie,  35546,  Chas.  Graff. 

Junior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Tipple,  Haussler  Bros.;  second.  Princess, 
Thos.  L.  Leonard;  third,  Luna  Lassie  24th,  35567,  A.  P.  Arp;  fourth, 
Violet  Cremo,  35517,  Frank  Davis  &  Son;  fifth,  Cremo  Belle,  35516,  Frank 
Davis  &  Son. 

Senior  Champion  Bull — Teddy's   Best,   17603,   Haussler   Bros. 
•  Junior  Champion  Bull — Paul,  20994,  Frank  J.  Clouss. 
f  Senior  Champion  Cow — Lena,  28536,  Frank  J.  Clouss. 
;  Junior  Champion  Heifer — Ida  Loo,  34570,  Chas.  Graff. 

Grand  Champion  Bull — Teddy's  Best,  17603,  Haussler  Bros. 

Grand  Champion  Cow — Lena,  28536,  Frank  J.  Clouss. 

Exhibitor's  Herd — First,  Haussler  Bros.;  second,  Thos.  L.  Leonard; 
third,  Frank  J.  Clouss;   fourth,  Chas.  Graff;   fifth,  A.  P.  Arp. 

Breeder's  Young  Herd — First,  Chas.  Graff;  second,  Haussler  Bros.; 
third,  Frank  J.  Clouss;  fourth,  Frank  Davis  &  Son;  fifth,  Thos.  L. 
Leonard. 

Calf  Herd — First,  Haussler  Bros.;  second,  Thos.  L.  Leonard;  third, 
Frank  J.  Clouss;    fourth,   Chas.   Graff;    fifth,   J.  W.  Larrabee. 

Get  of  Sire — First,  Thos.  L.  Leonard;  second,  and  third,  Haussler  Bros.; 
fourth,  A.  P.  Arp;   sixth,  Frank  Davis  &  Son. 

Produce  of  Cow — First,  Frank  J.  Clouss;  second,  and  fourth,  Chas. 
Graff;  third,  A.  P.  Arp;  fifth,  Thos.  L.  Leonard. 


HOLSTEIN. 

EXHIBITORS. 


lowana  Farms,  Davenport,  Iowa;  C.  B.  McCanna,  Burlington,  Wiscan- 
sin;  C.  A.  Nelson,  Waverly,  Iowa;  Frank  White,  Hampton,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge Dr.  M.  B.  Wood,  Mankato,  Minn. 

Bull  Three  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  Rockdale  Perfection  DeKol,  51371, 
lowana  Farms;  second,  Groveland  Inka  Hijlaard,  57856,  Frank  White; 
third.  Cornucopia  Pontiac  Johanna  Lad,  48355,  Frank  White;  fourth, 
Jessie  Gem  Inka  Son,  62923,  C.  B.  McCanna. 


830 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


FIRST  TWO-YEA.R-OLD  H0L8TEIN  BULL 
Iowa  State  Fair  1912 


Bull  Two  Years  Old  and  Under  Three— First,  Hengerveld  King,  73774, 
C.  A.  Nelson;  second.  Sir  Korndyke  Hengerveld  De  Kol,  72532,  lowana 
Farms. 

Bull  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Tioo — First,  Model  Skylark,  82293,  C.  A. 
Nelson;  second,  Flosmore  Canary  Vale  DeKol,  87460,  lowana  Farms; 
third,  Groveland  Sir  Pontiac  Inka,  83645,  Frank  White;  fourth,  Colama 
Maid  DeKol  Son,  C.  B.  McCanna. 

Senior  Bull  CaZ/— First,  Groveland  Aagie  De  Kol,  97765,  Frank  White; 
second,  Inka  Villetta  Bergsma,  97921,  C.  B.  McCanna;  third,  lowana 
Colantha  Sir  Clyde,  88344,  lowana  Farms;  fourth,  C.  A.  Nelson;  fifth, 
Groveland  Sir  Pontiac  Hijlaard,  97767,  Frank  White. 

Junior  Bull  CaZ/— First,  Jessie  Gem  Inka  Son  8th,  97703,  C.  B.  Mc- 
Canna; second,  C.  A.  Nelson;  third,  Frysland  Sir  Ormsby,  lowana  Farms. 

Cow  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Meadowbrook  Queen  DeKol  2nd,  lowana 
Farms;  second,  Netherland  Tweet  Pieterje,  84064,  Frank  White;  third, 
Pauline  Witkop  Netherland,  78112,  Frank  White;  fourth,  Colanthe  Jo- 
hanna of  Elmbrook,  106024,  C.  B.  McCanna;  fifth.  Lady  Ono  Hijlaard, 
58193,  Frank  White;   sixth,  Betz  Fairfax  De  Kol,  96594,  C.  B.  McCanna, 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XHI      831 

Cow  Three  Years  and  Under  Four — First,  Chloe  Artis  Jewell  of  Cedax- 
side,  120932,  C.  A.  Nelson;  second,  Lady  Wayne  Sarcastic,  134335, 
lowana  Farms;  third,  Princess  Sletske,  126051,  C.  B.  McCanna;  fourth, 
Groveland  Idske  Pontiac,  137138,  Frank  White. 

Heifer  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Groveland  Korndyke  Corn- 
ucopia, 137137,  Frank  White;  second,  Golan tha  Johanna  of  Cedarside, 
152087,  C.  A.  Nelson;  third,  Miss  Korndyke  Daisy  Mercedes,  137788, 
lowana  Farms;  fourth,  Netherland  DeKol  Pietertje  2nd,  131560,  lowana 
Farms;  fifth,  Groveland  Pontiac  Hijlaard,  137139,  Frank  White;  sixth, 
High  Lawn  Inago,  135657,  C.  B.  McCanna. 

Senior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Foekje  De  Kol  Hengerveld,  148721, 
lowana  Farms;  second,  Jewell  Abbekerk  3rd,  156624,  C.  A.  Nelson;  third, 
Canary  Princess,  144430,  lowana  Farms;  fourth,  Elizabeth  Herbert  Jew- 
ell, 159058,  C.  A.  Nelson;  fifth,  Fairee  Netherland  4th,  161753,  C.  A. 
Nelson. 

Junior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Groveland  De  Kol  Inka,  165444,  Frank 
White;  second,.  Beauty  De  Kol  De  Vries  2nd,  165443,  Frank  White; 
third.  Miss  Fayne  Piebe,  162887,  lowana  Farms;  fourth,  Pauline  Sky- 
lark of  Cedarside,  176451,  C.  A.  Nelson;  fifth,  lowana  Gretque  Henger- 
veld, 175842,  lowana  Farms.;  sixth,  Retta  Posch,  153761,  C.  B.  McCanna. 

Senior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Groveland  Inka  Netherland,  182097,  Frank 
White;  second,  lowana  Colantha  Vieman  De  Kol,  166776,  lowana  Farms; 
third,  lowana  Colantha  Aaggie  Burke,  166769,  lowana  Farms;  fourth, 
Artis  Pontiac  Susie  Judith,  177956,  Frank  White  &  Son;  fifth,  Groveland 
Pauline  Hijlaard,  179551,  C.  A.  Nelson;  sixth,  Alice  Marion  Koningin, 
163081,  C.  B.  McCanna. 

Junior  Heifer  Calf—First,  Butter  King  Molly  Segis,  172350,  Frank 
White;  second,  Frysian  Canary,  lowana  Farms;  third,  Groveland  Hijlaard 
Korndyke,  182095,  Frank  White;  fourth,  DeKol  Minke  Johanna,  182867, 
C.  B.  McCanna;  fifth,  Groveland  Beauty  De  Kol  Pontiac,  182094,  Frank 
White;  sixth.  Crown  Prince,  Segis  Nanne,  179278,  C.  A.  Nelson. 

Senior  Champion  Bull — Rockdale  Perfection  DeKol,  51371,  lowana 
Farms. 

Junior  Champion  Bull — Model  Skylark,  82293,  C.  A.  Nelson. 
Senior  Champion  Cow — Chloe  Artis  Jewell  of  Cedarside,  120932,  C.  A. 
Nelson. 

Junior  Champion  Heifer — Foekje  De  Kol  Hengerveld,  148721,  lowana 
Farms. 

Grand  Champion  Bull — Rockdale  Perfection  De  Kol,  51371,  lowana 
Farms. 

Grand  Champion  Cow — Chloe  Artis  Jewell  of  Cedarside,  120932,  C.  A. 
Nelson. 

Exhibitor's  Herd — First,  lowana  Farms;  second,  C.  A.  Nelson;  third, 
Frank  White;   fourth,  lowana  Farms;   fifth,  C.  B.  McCanna. 


832  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Breeder's   Young  Herd — First,  Frank  White;    second,   lowana  Farms; 
third,  C.  A.  Nelson. 

Calf   Herd — First,    Frank    White;    second    and    third,    lowana    Farms; 
fourth,  C.  B.  McCanna;   fifth,  C.  A.  Nelson. 

Get  of  Sire — First  and  fifth,  Frank  White;   second,  C.  A.  Nelson;  third 
and  fourth,  lowana  Farms. 

Produce  of  Cow — First  and  second,  Frank  White;   third,  C.  A.  Nelson; 
fourth  and  fifth,  lowana  Farms. 

Premier  Exliihitor — lowana  Farms. 

Premier  Breeder — Frank  White. 


JERSEY. 

EXHIBITORS. 


E.  Bruins,  Fairwater,  Wisconsin;  G.  A,  Chaffee,  Minneapolis,  Minne- 
sota; Cotta  &  Williams,  Galesburg,  Illinois;  Nelle  Fayban,  Geneva,  Illi- 
nois; J.  W.  Love,  Minneapolis,  Minnesota;  Geo.  Redhead,  Mgr.  Des 
Moines,  Iowa;  D.  W.  Rich,  Mt.  Pleasant;  Smith  &  Roberts,  Beatrice, 
Nebraska;    H.   C.  Young,  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

AWARDS. 

Judge W.  L.  Hunter,  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

Bull  Three  Years  Old  or  Over— First,  Stockwell's  Fern  Lad,  87843,  Smith 
&  Roberts;  second,  Beauvoir's  King,  88006,  E.  Bruins;  third.  Combination 
Golden  Prince,  79767,  G.  A.  Chaffee;  fourth,  Guenons  Gay  Lad,  67140, 
H.  C.  Young;   fifth.  Eminent  Rosette,  66050,  Cotta  &  Williams. 

Bull  Tioo  Years  Old  and  Under  Three — First,  Ibsen's  Glory,  92986,  E 
Bruins;  second,  Ocean  Blue,  99477,  Nelle  Fabyan;  third,  Duke's  Raleigh. 
87581,  H.  C.  Young;  fourth,  Clarencia's  Prince,  96629,  Cotta  &  Williams; 
fifth,  Raleigh  Ibsen,  94890,  E.  Bruins;  sixth,  Silverine's  Combination, 
89734,  Smith  &  Roberts. 

Bull  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two — First,  Viola's  Elmhurst  Prince, 
G.  A.  Chaffee;  second,  Stockwell's  Rioter,  90243,  Smith  &  Roberts;  third, 
Kinloch's  Golden  Jolly,  Cotta  &  Williams;  fourth.  Western  King's  Chief, 
E.  Bruins;    fifth,  Jamont's  Jinks,  H.  C.  Young. 

Senior  Bull  Calf — First,  Stoockwell's  Champion,  Smith  &  Roberts;  sec 
ond,  Oxford  Sultan  Lad,  Smith  &  Roberts;  third,  Ibsen's  Noble  Lad, 
105614,  E.  Bruins;  fourth,  Raleigh's  Gold  Coin,  H.  C.  Young;  fifth,  Ra- 
leigh's Duke  of  W.,  H.  C.  Young. 

Junior  Bull  Calf — First,  Warder's  Stockwell,  Smith  &  Roberts;  second. 
Baron's  Ibsen,  E.  Bruins;  third,  Leda's  Champion  Lad,  G.  A.  Chaffee, 
Shylock's  Jamont  G.,  H.  C.  Young;  fifth.  Nobleman  of  Homewood,  103824, 
Cotta  and  Williams. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII 


833 


Cow  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Warder's  Proud  Beauty,  234158,  Smith 
&  Roberts;  second,  Couline,  234538,  E.  Bruins;  third.  Golden  Maid's 
Princess  Lady,  234180,  Smith  &  Roberts;  fourth,  Kate's  Mabel,  185933, 
H.  C.  Young;  fifth,  Sweet  Kitty,  256014,  G.  A.  Chaffee. 

Coiv  Three  Yea7's  and  Under  Four — First,  Ibsen's  Cherry,  264721,  E. 
Bruins;  second,  Fontain's  Katydid,  241680,  Smith  &  Roberts;  third, 
Stockwell's  Augustine,  Smith  &  Roberts;  fourth,  Jamont's  Beauty  Girl, 
248600,  H.  C.  Young;   fifth,  Eminent's  Grace,  229296,  H.  C.  Young. 

Heifer  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Belmont's  Silverine,  265077, 
Smith  &  Roberts;  second,  Fontaine  Clearview  Beauty,  271059,  E.  Bruins; 
third,  Jessie  Plymouth,  239213,  Cotta  &  Williams;  fourth,  Raleigh's 
Calais,  270612,  G.  A.  Chaffee;  fifth,  Rose  Tulips  Sultana,  232566,  H.  C. 
Young. 

Senior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Oxford's  Lady  Wonder,  267066,  Smith 
&  Roberts;  second,  Oxford's  Lady  Sultan,  267067,  Smith  &  Roberts;  third, 
Shylock's  Golden  Fern,  259540,  H.  C.  Young;  fourth,  Bonnie  Pearly, 
271654,  G.  A.  Chaffee;   fifth,  May  Flower's  Noble  Lass,  259268,  E.  Bruins. 


63 


PRIZE-WINNING  JERSEY  BULL 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 


834  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Junior  Yearling  Heifer— First,  Belle  Delle  Rosette,  261231,  Cotta  & 
Williams.;  'second.  Majesty's  Ethel,  259269,  E.  Bruins;  third,  Oxford's 
Silverine,  Smith  &  Roberts;  fourth,  Eminent's  Cassie  Daisy,  G.  A.  Chaffee; 
fifth,  Ferndale  Princess,   J.  W.  Love. 

Senior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Ibsen's  Glory  Couline,  274077,  E.  Bruins;  sec- 
ond, Combination's  Prince's  Lady,  G.  A.  Chaffee;  third,  Jamont's  Queen 
Y,  H.  C.  Young;  fourth,  Raleigh's  Gay  Girl,  H.  C.  Young;  fifth,  Eminent'® 
Reminder  2d,  267164,  Cotta  &  Williams. 

Junior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Raleigh's  Brown  Baby,  H.  C.  Young;  sec- 
ond, Stockwell  Lady  Fern,  Smith  &  Roberts;  third,  Raleigh's  Victoria, 
H.  C.  Young;  fourth,  Ibsen's  Glory's  Beauty,  274081,  E.  Bruin&;  fifth,  Tu- 
lip's Plymouth  Beauty,  Cotta  &  Williams. 

Senior  Champion  Bull — Stockwell's  Fern  Lad,  87843,  Smith  &  Roberts. 

Junior  Champion  Bull — Stockwell's  Champion,  Smith  &  Roberts. 

Senior  Champion  Coio — Warder's  Proud  Beauty,  234158,  Smith  & 
Roberts. 

Junior  Champion  Heifer — Ibsen's  Glory  Couline,  274077,  E.  Bruins. 

Grand  Champion  Bull — Stockwell's  Fern  Lad,  87843,  Smith  &  Roberts. 

Grand  Champion  Coio — Warder's  Proud  Beauty,  234158,  Smith  & 
Roberts. 

Exhibitor's  Herd — First,  Smith  &  Roberts;  second,  E.  Bruins;  third, 
H.  C.  Young;   fourth,  G.  A.  Chaffee;   fifth,  E.  Bruins. 

Breeder's  Young  Herd — First,  Smith  &  Roberts;  second,  G.  A.  Chaffee; 
third,  E.  Bruins;   fourth,  H.  C.  Young;   fifth.  Smith  and  Roberts. 

Calf  Herd — First,  E.  Bruins;  second.  Smith  &  Roberts;  third,  H.  C. 
Young;   fourth.  Smith  &  Roberts;   fifth,  G.  A.  Chaffee. 

Get  of  Sire — First,  E.  Bruins;  second.  Smith  &  Roberts;  third.  Smith 
&  Roberts;  fourth,  H.  C.  Young;   fifth,  E.  Bruins. 

Produce  of  Coiv — First,  Smith  &  Roberts;  second  and  third,  H.  C. 
Young;   fourth.  Smith  &  Roberts;   fifth,  E.  Bruins. 

Premier  Exhihitor — Smith  &  Roberts. 

Premier  Breeder — Smith  &   Roberts. 


GUERNSEYS. 

EXHIBITORS. 


Cotta  &  Williams,  Galesburg,  Illinois;  W.  W.  Marsh,  Waterloo,  Iowa; 
J.  H.  Williams,  Waukesha,  Wisconsin;  Wilcox  &  Stubbs,  Des  Moines, 
Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge Will  Forbes,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Bull  Three  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  Holden  4,  12179,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 
Bull  Tioo  Years  Old  and  Under  Three— First,  Bob  Rilma,   16141,  Wil- 
cox &  Stubbs;   second,  Park  Ceaser,  22002,  Jno.  H.  Williams. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  835 

Bull  One  Yea?'  Old  and  Under  Two — First,  Raymond  of  Sarnia,  19172, 
Jno.  H.  Williams.;  second,  Manoa  of  Iowa,  20371,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  third, 
Gallant  Knight  of  Iowa,  19511,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  fourth,  Park's  Quill 
Boy,  21157,  Jno.  H.  Williams. 

Senior  Bull  Calf—First,  Queen's  Prince,  21291,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  sec- 
ond, Park's  Flossy  King,  21159,  Jno.  H.  Williams;  third,  Natoma  Canto, 
20976,  Cotta  &  Williams. 

Junior  Bull  Calf — First,  Aline's  Holden,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  second.  Bob 
Rilma  2nd,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 

Coio  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Aline  of  Lawton  2nd,  23153,  Wilcox  & 
Stubbs;  second.  Eagle  Quill  2nd,  18121,  Jno.  H.  Williams;  third,  Patricia 
of  Sarnia,  40235,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  fourth,  Calla  Luda,  27092,  Wilcox  & 
Stubbs;   fifth,   Glenwood's  Free  Silver  Girl,   20929,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 

Cow  Three  Years  and  Under  Four — First,  Princess  Euphemia,  27843, 
Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 

Heifer  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Daisy  Bell  of  Sarnia,  35667, 
Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  second.  Bell  Daisy  of  Sarnia,  35668,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs; 
third,  Geneva  Walter  Maple,  Jno.  H.  Williams. 

Senior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Park's  Princess  Rhea,  34930,  Jno.  H. 
Williams;  second.  Sweet  Lassie  2nd,  32356,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  third. 
Short  of  the  Grandes  Capelles,  34354,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  fourth,  Blossom's 
Bridget  of  Iowa,  35025,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  fifth,  Beau  Donald's  Thalma, 
35024,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 

Junior  Yearling  Heifer — First,  Rhea's  Park  May,  36506,  Jno.  H.  Will- 
iams; second,  Manoa's  May  Rose  of  Iowa,  37046,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 

Senior  Heifer  CaZ/— First,  Park's  Isabella  2nd,  38814,  Jno.  H.  Williams; 
second,  Daisy  Belle  of  Fair  View,  40248,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  third.  Belle 
Daisy  of  Fair  View,  40249,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  fourth,  France's  Rilma 
of  Iowa,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  fifth.  Rose  Rilma  of  Iowa,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 

Junior  Heifer  Calf — First,  Calla's  Rilma,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;  second. 
Park's  Elizabeth,  Jno.  H.  Williams. 

Senior  Champion  Bull — Bob  Rilma,   16141,   Wilcox  &   Stubbs. 
Junior  Champion  Bull — Raymond  of  Sarnia,  19172,  Jno.  H.  Williams. 
Senior  Champion  Cow — Aline  of  Lawton  2nd,  23153,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 

Junior  Champion  Heifer — Park's  Princess  Rhea,  34930,  Jno.  H.  Will- 
iams. 

Grand  Champion  Bull — Bob  Rilma,  16141,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 

Grand  Champion  Coiv — Aline  of  Lawton  2nd,  23153,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 

ExhiMtor's  Herd — First,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs;    second,  Jno.  H.  Williams. 

Breeder's  Young  Herd — First,  Jno.  H.  Williams;  second,  Wilcox  & 
Stubbs. 

€alf  Herd — First,  Jno.  H.  Williams;    second,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 
Get  of  Sire — First,   Jno.   H.  Williams;    second,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 


836  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Produce  of  Coiv — First,  Jno.  H.  Williams;   second,  Wilcox  &  Stubbs. 
Premier  ExMMtor — Wilcox  &  Stubbs, 
Premier  Breeder — Jno.  H.  Williams. 

SPECIAL  PRIZE  OFFERED  BY  AMERICAN  GUERNSEY  CATTLE 

CLUB. 
Premier  Breeder — Jno.  H.  Williams. 


AYRSHIRES. 

EXHIBITOR. 

Adam  Seitz,  Waukesha,  Wisconsin. 

AWARDS. 

Judge M.   D.  Wood,  Mankato,  Minn. 

Bull  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Bargenoch,  Gay  Cavalier,  11981. 

Bull  Tivo  Years  and  Under  Three— First,  Peter  Pan,  12701. 

Bull  One  Year  an<L  Under  Two— First,  Cock-A-Bendie  of  Spring  City; 
second, . 

Bull  Calf  Under  One  Year — First,  Oldhall  Spicey  John,  14841;  second, 
Bargenoch  Rising  Star,  14843;  third,  Bargenoch  Perfection,  14844. 

Cow  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Silver  Pet  of  Spring  City,  23502;  sec- 
ond, Muirrosalie's  Last,  27220;  third,  Klinford  Bell  3rd,  30643. 

CoiD  Three  Years  and  Under  Four — First,  Hillhouse  Maud  2nd,  28900; 
second,  Oldhall  Sarah  3rd,  28159. 

Heifer  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Benchan  Dorathy,  32720; 
second,  Kilnford  Belle  4th,  29374. 

Heifer  One  Year  and  Under  Two — First,  Duchess  Croft,  30176;  second. 
May  Queen  C  2nd,  32937. 

Heifer  Calf  Under  One  Year — First,  Bargenoch  Queen,  32943;  second. 
Bargenoch  Silver  Pet,  32946;  third,  Bargenoch  Licesee  Lindsay,  32947. 

Senior  Champion  BwZZ— Bargenoch  Gay  Cavalier,  11981.  ' 

Junior  Champion  Bull — Oldhall  Spicey  John,  14841. 

Senior  Champion  Coi(^-Silver  Pet  of  Spring  City,  23502. 

Junior  Champion  Heifer — Bargenoch  Queen,  32943. 

Grand  Champion  Bull — Bargenoch  Gay  Cavalier,  11981. 

Grand  Champion  Coi^^— Silver  Pet  of  Spring  City,  23502. 

ExhiMtor's  Herd — First  and  second. 

Breeder's  Young  Herd — First. 

Get  of  Sire — First  and  •second. 

Produce  of  Cow — First  and  second. 

Premier  Exhibitor — First. 

Premier  Breeder — First. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XHI 


837 


BROWN  SWISS. 

EXHIBITORS, 

Allynhurst    Farm,    Delavan,    Wisconsin;    Marion    T.    Anderson,    Wash- 
ington,  Iowa;    H.  W.  Ayers,  Honey  Creek,  Wisconsin. 


Judge. 


AWARDS. 

.  .Will  Forbes,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Bull  Three  Years  or  Over — First,  Zell,  2512,  H.  W.  Ayers;  second, 
Casper  C,  1999,  Allynhurst  Farm. 

Bull  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Casper  Delta,  3128,  Marion 
T.  Anderson;   second,  Myone  Boy,  3120,  Allynhurst  Farm. 

Bull  One  Year  and  Under  Ttw— First,  Zell  A,  3508,  H.  W.  Ayers; 
second,  Chris,  3578,  H.  W.  Ayers;  third,  Myson  of  Allynhurst,  3624, 
Allynhurst   Farm. 

Bull  Calf  Under  One  Year — First,  Junker  2nd,  H.  W.  Ayers;  second, 
Ayer's  Traveler,  3631,  H.  W.  Ayers;  third,  Allynhurst  Farm. 


PRIZE  WINNING  BROWN  SWISS  CoW 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 


838  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Cow  Four  Years  or  Over — First,  Upland  Nick's  Prize,  3670,  H.  W. 
Ayers;  second,  Ariene,  2769,  Allynhurst  Farm;  third,  Myone  Baby,  3378, 
Allynhurst  Farm. 

Cow  Three  Years  and  Under  Four — First,  Betty  of  Allynhurst,  4541, 
Allynhurst  Farm;  second,  Plorinda  A.,  4661,  Marion  T.  Anderson;  third, 
Browney  B.,  3968,  H.  W.  Ayers. 

Heifer  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First,  Myone  of  Allynhurst, 
4546,  Allynhurst  Farm;  second,  Susan  Arrand  2nd,  4718,  H.  W.  Ayers; 
third.  Princess  Erima,   5148,  Allynhurst  Farm. 

Heifer  One  Year  and  Under  Two — First,  Allynhurst  Farm;  second. 
Sultana  Crocus,  4781,  H.  W.  Ayers;  third,  Zell's  Ada,  5117,  H.  W.  Ayers. 

Heifer  Calf  Under  One  Year — First,  Allynhurst  Farm;  second  and 
third,  H.  W.  Ayers. 

Senior  Champion  Bull—ZeW  A.,  3508,  H.  W.  Ayers. 

Junior  Champion  Bull — Junker  2nd,  H.  W.  Ayers. 

Senior  Champion  Coio — Upland  Nick's  Prize,  3670,  H.  W.  Ayers. 

Junior  Champion  Heifer — Allynhurst  Farm. 

arand  Cha^npion  Bull— Zell  A.,  3508,  H.  W.  Ayers. 

Grand  Champion  Coio — Upland  Nick's  Prize,  3670,  H.  W.  Ayers. 

Exhibitor's  Herd — First,  H.  W.  Ayers;  second  and  third,  Allynhurst 
Farm. 

Breeder's  Young  Herd — First,  H.  W.  Ayers;   second,  Allynhurst  Farm. 
Get  of  Sire — First  and  third,  Allynhurst  Farm;    second,  H.  W.  Ayers. 

Produee  of  Cow — First,  Allynhurst  Farm;  second  and  third,  H.  W. 
Ayers. 

Premier  Exhibitor — H.  W.  Ayers. 
Premier  Breeder — H.  W.  Ayers. 


FAT  SHORT-HORNS    (Pure  Bred). 

EXHIBITORS. 

J.  H.  Miller,  Peru,  Indiana;  L.  C.  Oloff,  Ireton,  Iowa;  D'.  Tietje,  Belle- 
vue,  Iowa;  W.  W.  Vaughn,  Marion,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge A.  J.  Ryden,  Abingdon,  111. 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer  Under  One  Year — First,  Dutch  Joe  2nd, 
D.  Tietjen;  second.  Royal  C,  C.  A.  Saunders;  third,  Jock  of  Elmlawn,  L. 
C.  Oloff. 

Champion  Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer — First,  Dutch  Joe  2nd,  D. 
Tietjen. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  839 

FAT   SHORT-HORNS. 

(Grade  or  Cross  Bred.) 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer,   Two  Years  and  Under   Three — First, 
John  D.,  C.  A.  Saunders. 

Steer,    Spayed   or   Martini   Hjeifer,    One    Year   and    Under   Two — First, 
George,  C.  A.   Saunders. 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer,  Under  One  Year — First,  George  White, 
C.  A.  Saunders. 

Champion  Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer — John  D.,  C.  A.  Saunders. 
Group  of  Three  Head  Owned  hy  Exhibitor — C.  A.  Saunders. 


FAT  HEREFORDS. 
(Pure  Bred.) 

EXHIBITORS. 

B.  M.  Cassady  &  Son,  Whiting,  Iowa;  J.  P.  Cudahy,  Belton,  Missouri; 
Robt.  H.  Hazlitt,  Eldorado,  Kansas;  C.  A.  Saunders,  Manilla,  Iowa; 
Cyrus  A.  Tow,  Norway,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge J.  P.  Cudaiiy,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer,  Turn  Years  and  Under  Three — First, 
Fairfax,  344759,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  second,  Martin,  348937,  E.  M.  Cassady 
&  Son. 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer,  One  Yer,r  and  Under  Two — First,  Bro- 
cade 4th,  364833,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  second,  Albany  March  On,  364573,  Cyrus 
A.  Tow;   third,  Happy  No.  58,  E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son. 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer,  Under  One  Year — First,  Blanco,  Robt. 
H.  Hazlitt;  second.  Standard  1st,  388035,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  third,  Mike  59, 
E.  M.   Cassady  &  Son. 

Champion  Steer,   Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer — Blanco,   Robt.   H.   Hazlitt. 

Group  of  Three  Head  Oumed  hy  Exhibitor — First,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  sec- 
ond, E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son. 

(GRADE   OR   CROSS   BRED.) 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer,  Two  Years  and  Under  Three — First, 
Lant,  Cyrus  A,  Tow;   second,  Joe,  E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son. 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer,  One  Year  and  Under  Two — First,  Bob, 
E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son;    second,  Agitator  1st,  Cyrus  A.  Tow. 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer,  Under  One  Year — First,  At  Last, 
Cyrus  A.  Tow;  second.  Jack,  E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son. 

Champion  Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer — Lant,  Cyrus  A.  Tow. 

Group  of  Three  Head  Owned  hy  Exhibitor — First,  Cyrus  A.  Tow;  sec- 
ond, E.  M.  Cassady  &  Son. 


840  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

PAT  ABERDEEN  ANGUS. 
(PURE  BRED.) 

EXHIBITOR. 

W.  J.  Miller,  Newton,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge C.   J.  Martin,   Jefferson,   Iowa. 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer,   Tioo  Years  and  Under  Three — First, 
King  Burn. 

Steer,    Spayed    or   Martin   Heifer,    One    Year    and    Under    Two — First, 
Kingsteer  of  Rosemere. 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer,  Under  One  Year — First,  King  Keylex. 

Champion  Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  H.eifer — King  Burn. 

Group  or  Three  Head  Owned  'by  Exhibitor — First. 

(GRADE  OR  CROSS  BRED.) 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer,   Two   Years  and   Under  Three — First, 
Jerry. 

Steer,    Spayed    or   Martin    Heifer,    One    Year    and    Under    Two — First, 
Patrick  King. 

Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer,   Under  One  Year — First,  Good  Choice. 

Champion  Steer,  Spayed  or  Martin  Heifer — Patrick  King. 

Group  of  Three  Head  Owned  by  Exhibitor — First. 

GRAND  CHAMPIONS. 
Grand  Champion — Blanco,  Robt.  H.  Hazlitt. 
Grand  Champioji  Group — Cyrus  A.  Tow. 


SWINE  DEPARTMENT. 

Superintendent R.  S.  Johnston,  Columbus  Junction,  la. 

POLAND  CHINAS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

F.  W.  Akers,  Laurel,  Iowa;  E.  S.  Barker,  Doon,  Iowa;  L.  W.  Blackford, 
Hillsboro,  Iowa;  R.  R.  Blake,  Waukee,  Iowa;  G.  H.  Burge,  Mt.  Vernon, 
Iowa;  J.  H.  Cope,  Carlisle,  low^a;  M.  H.  Corey,  Lockridge,  Iowa;  C.  C. 
Croxen,  Atalissa,  Iowa;  J.  I.  Davis,  Mt.  Hamil,  Iowa;  H.  H.  Diers,  St. 
Olaf,  Iowa;  M.  A.  Dowling,  Reasnor,  low^a;  J.  S.  FawTett  &  Son,  Spring- 
dale,  Iowa;  R.  H.  Fichtenmueller,  Farmington,  Iowa;  S.  Fleming,  Stuart, 
Iowa;  R,  W.  Halford,  Manning,  Iowa;  Fred  H.  Hassler,  Manning,  Iowa; 
Chas.  W.  Humerick,  Atlantic,  Iowa;  J.  D.  Jackson,  Gilbert  Station,  Iowa; 
C.  F.  Keeling,  Avon,  Iowa;   A.  Kool,  Fifield,  Iowa;  Joe  Kramer,  Elkader, 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  841 

Iowa;  Chas.  Krumm,  Postville,  Iowa;  P.  B.  Lake,  Moscow,  Iowa;  Henry 
Lauer,  Eldorado,  Iowa;  J.  F.  Leahy,  Parnell,  Iowa;  Wm.  Lenz,  Ankeny, 
Iowa;  J.  V.  Lingenfelter,  Altoona,  Iowa;  A.  J.  Lytle,  Oskaloosa,  Iowa; 
S.  G.  McFadden,  West  Liberty,  Iowa;   C.  A.  Marker,  Tolono,  Illinois;   G. 

F.  Marshall  &  Son,  Monroe,  Iowa;  Theo.  Martin,  Bellevue,  Iowa;  Jos.. 
Meekma,  Monroe,  Iowa;  J.  E.  Meharry,  Tolono,  Illinois;  E,  M.  Metzger, 
Fairfield,  Iowa;  Jno.  F.  Meyer,  Newton,  Iowa;  F.  H.  Moore,  Wiota,  Iowa; 
Isaac  Overton,  Knoxville,  Iowa;  D.  H.  Paul,  Laurel,  Iowa;  F.  G.  Paul, 
Marshalltown,  Iowa;  Paul  &  Wilson,  Laurel,  Iowa;  C.  A.  Purvis,  West 
Liberty,  Iowa;  S.  R.  Reed,  Monteith,  Iowa;  E,  N.  Riddlesbarger,  Dysart, 
Iowa;  D.  B.  Rightmire,  Monticello,  Missouri;  J.  L.  Risley,  Ames,  Iowa; 
S.  A.  Roberts,  Knoxville,  Iowa;  Chas.  L.  Santman,  Dysart,  Iowa;  P.  F. 
Schwimley,  Kalona,  Iowa;  F.  J.  Sexsmith,  Orient,  Iowa;  Fred  Sievers, 
Audubon,  Iowa;  Whitacre  &  Son,  West  Liberty,  Iowa;  Wigstone  Bros., 
Stanton,  Iowa;  Williams  Bros.,  Villisca,  Iowa;  E.  C.  Wilson,  West  Lib- 
erty, Iowa;  J.  T.  Winborn,  Kalona,  Iowa;  Mark  I.  Shaw,  Monroe,  Iowa; 
Chas.  H.  Stone,  Muscatine,  Iowa;  W.  Z.  Swallow,  Waukee,  Iowa;  R.  W. 
Thomas,  St.  Joseph,  Missouri;  L.  C.  Burford,  Monticello,  Mo. 

AWARDS. 

Judge J.  M.   Stewart,  Ainsworth,  Iowa. 

Boar  Two  Years  or  Over— First,  Mables  Wonder,  168019,  R.  W.  Hal- 
ford;  second,  Big  Wonder,  160349,  Fred  Sievers;  third.  Chief  Price 
Again  2nd,  170067,  Henry  Lauer;  fourth,  C.  Wonder,  157779,  Chas.  H. 
Krumm;  fifth.  Giant  King,  164423,  G.  F.  Marshall  &  Son;  sixth,  Model 
Prince,    181463,    Wm.    Lenz;    seventh.    Prince    Ita,    163839,    Joe   Kramer. 

Boar  Eighteen  Months,  Under  Two  Years — First,  Comptroller's  Boy, 
191681,  J.  E.  Meharry;  second,  High  Ideal,  Paul  &  Wilson;  third.  Great 
Wonder,  191675,  J.  L.  Risley;  fourth.  Key  West,  178385,  J.  P.  Leahy; 
fifth.  Big  Bones  Wonder,  181753,  F.  G.  Paul;  sixth,  Sam  Mc,  190125, 
C.  C.  Croxen. 

Boar  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — ^First,  A.  Model,  190713,  S.  A. 
Roberts;  second,  Fashion  Sheet,  63596,  Fred  H.  Hassler;  third,  Choice 
Look  2nd,  187247,  S.  R.  Reed;  fourth,  Banker's  Model  2nd,  187187,  J.  E. 
Meharry;  fifth,  Lauer's  Crow,  185957,  Henry  Lauer;  sixth,  Big  Orient, 
188745,  F.  J.  Sexsmith;  seventh.  Model  Longfellow,  180587,  F.  G.  Paul. 

Boar  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year — First,  Chief  I  Know,  191159,  Chas. 
H.  Krumm;  second,  Mastodon  Hadley,  191347,  F.  G.  Paul;  third,  Columbia 
Chief,  191128,  W.  Z.  Swallow;  fourth.  Perfect  Banker,  191677,  J.  E.  Me- 
harry; fifth,  Highball,  191671,  J.  R.  Risley;  sixth,  Prosperity,  191383,  D. 
B.  Rightmire;   seventh.  Big  Jake,  191985,  Chas.  W.  Humerick. 

Boar  Under  Six  Months— First,  Mable's  Giant,  190779,  E.  S.  Barker; 
second,  D.  H.  Paul;  third,  Henry  Lauer;  fourth,  Monticello  Boy,  L.  C. 
Burford;  fifth,  Henry  Lauer;  sixth,  Big  Tom  1st,  S.  R.  Reed;  seventh  P. 

G.  Paul. 

Sow  Two  Years  or  Over— First,  Chief  Modesty,  F.  G.  Paul;  second, 
Black  Maid,  402874,  Wigstone  Bros.;  third,  Louise  Harvester,  432146,  J.  E. 


842  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Meharry;  fourth,  Hadley's  Lady  Price,  451292,  F.  W.  Akers;  fifth,  Hunt's 
Giantess,  137878,  Wigstone  Brothers;  sixth,  Glad  Bells,  453978,  Joe 
Kramer;   seventh.  Laurel  Queen  1st,  376276,  D.  H.  Paul. 

Sow  Eighteen  Months,  Under  Two  Years — First,  Vala  Spellbinder  7th, 
453980,  Joe  Kramer;  second,  Nannie  9th,  425536,  J.  E.  Meharry;  third. 
Balanced  Queen,  453704,  F.  G.  Paul;  fourth.  Jumbo's  Perfection,  453702, 
F.  G.  Paul;  fifth,  Superior  Maid,  453832,  F.  W.  Akers;  sixth,  Beauty 
Lass,  454222,  D.  H.  Paul;  seventh,  Nannie  10th,  425538,  J.  E.  Meharry. 

Sow  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — First,  Louise  Model,  443834, 
J.  E.  Meharry;  second.  Bashful  Model,  452482,  J.  E.  Meharry;  third. 
Smooth  Giantess,  453726,  F.  G.  Paul;  fourth.  Spell's  Best,  454224,  D.  H. 
Paul;  fifth,  Bonnie  U.  S.,  453544,  M.  H.  Corey;  sixth,  Wanda,  452490,  E.  C. 
Wilson;    seventh,  Matchless  Belle,   454124,  Joe  Kramer. 

Sow  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year— First,  Perfect  Model,  454486,  J.  E. 
Meharry;  second.  Perfect  Model  2nd,  454488,  J.  E.  Meharry;  third.  Long 
Queen,  182786,  E.  M.  Metzger;  fourth,  Ebnight,  454416,  J.  F.  Leahy; 
fifth.  Queen  Bess,  453788,  D'.  B.  Rightmire;  sixth.  Lady  Price  Again, 
453828,    F.    W.    Akers;    seventh.    Lady    Samson,    182790,    E.    M.    Metzger. 

Sow  Under  Six  Months — First,  Jessie's  Pet,  452716,  E.  S.  Barker;  sec- 
ond. Miss  May  1st,  S.  R.  Reed;  third,  Gentle  Jessie  2nd,  452718,  E.  S. 
Barker;  fourth,  Henry  Lauer;  fifth,  D.  B.  Rightmire;  sixth,  F.  G.  Paul; 
seventh,  Isaac  Overton. 

Senior  Cham^pion  Boar — A.  Model,  190713,  S.  A.  Roberts. 
Junior  Champion  Bour — Chief  I  Know,  191159,  Chas.  H.  Krumm. 
Senior  Champion  Sow — Louise  Model,  443834,  J.  E.  Meharry. 
Junior  Champion  Sow — Perfect  Model,  454486,  J.  E.  Meharry. 
Grand  Champion  Boar — A.  Model,  190713,  S.  A.  Roberts. 
Grand  Champion  Sow — Louise  Model,  443834,  J.  E.  Meharry. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Over  One  Year — First,  J.  E.  Meharry;  second, 
F.  G.  Paul;  third,  D.  H.  Paul;  fourth,  J.  E.  Meharry;  fifth,  M.  H.  Corey. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Under  One  Year — ^Flrst,  J.  E.  Meharry;  second, 
E.  M.  Metzger;  third,  J.  F.  Leahy;  fourth,  D.  B.  Rightmire;  fifth,  D.  H. 
Paul;   sixth,  F.  G.  Paul. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Over  One  Year,  Bred  "by  ExhiMtor — First,  J.  E. 
Meharry;  second,  D.  H.  Paul;  third,  M.  H.  Corey;  fourth,  J.  E.  Meharry. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Under  One  Year,  Bred  by  Exhibitor — First,  J.  E. 
Meharry;  second,  E.  M.  Metzger;  third,  E.  S.  Barker;  fourth,  J.  F. 
Leahy;  fifth,  D.  B.  Rightmire;  sixth,  D.  H.  Paul;  seventh,  F.  G.  Paul. 

Get  of  Sire — First,  J.  E.  Meharry;  second,  J.  E.  Meharry;  third,  Joe, 
Kramer;  fourth,  E,  M.  Metzger;  fifth,  F.  G.  Paul;  sixth,  D.  B.  Rightmire; 
seventh,  E.  S.  Barker. 

Produce  of  Sow — First,  J.  E.  Meharry;  second,  E.  M.  Metzger;  third, 
E.  S.  Barker;  fourth,  D.  B.  Rightmire;  fifth,  Henry  Layer;  sixth,  W.  Z. 
Swallow;  seventh,  D.  H.  Pa\iV 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  843 

FUTURITIES. 
Judge Fred  L.  Rood,  Clearfield,  Iowa. 

Boar  Pigs — First,  E.  S.  Barker;  second,  Henry  Lauer;  third,  L.  C. 
Burford;  fourth,  Henry  Lauer;  fifth,  S.  R.  Reed;  sixth,  F.  G.  Paul;  sev- 
enth, Henry  Lauer;  eighth,  W.  Z.  Swallow. 

Soio  Pigs — First,  E.  S.  Barker;  second,  S.  R.  Reed;  third,  E.  S.  Bark- 
er; fourth,  Henry  Lauer;  fifth,  D'.  B.  Rightmire;  sixth,  F.  G.  Paul;  sev- 
enth, W.  Z.  Swallow;  eighth,  D.  H.  Paul. 

Four  Pigs  From  One  Litter — First,  E.  S.  Barker;  second,  Henry  Lauer; 
third,  W.  Z.  Swallow;  fourth,  F.  G.  Paul;  fifth,  D.  H.  Paul;  sixth,  E.  C. 
Wilson;   seventh,  J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son;   eighth,  E.  M.  Metzger. 

DUROC  JERSEYS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Geo.  F.  Abbott,  Menlo,  Iowa;  F.  H.  Allen,  Tobias,  Nebraska;  H.  S. 
Allen,  Russell,  Iowa;  A.  P.  Alsin,  Boone,  Iowa;  L.  Baker,  Mingo,  Iowa; 
Lester  Barton,  Blair,  Nebraska;  E.  A.  Bonham,  Macksburg,  Iowa;  R.  W. 
Brearly,  Lake  City,  Iowa;  H.  I.  Branson,  West  Branch,  Iowa;  H.  E. 
Browning,  Hersman,  Illinois;  Cooper  &  Wessel,  Loraine,  Illinois;  Cotta 
and  Williams,  Galesburg,  Illinois;   M.  C.  Cramer  &  Son,  Monroe,  Iowa; 

E.  W.  Davis  &  Company,  Glenwood,  Missouri;  C.  M.  Dewey,  Shannon  City, 
Iowa;  H.  H.  Diers,  St.  Olaf,  Iowa;  H.  S.  Fain,  Emmetsburg,  Iowa;  J.  H. 
Farris,  New  Providence,  Iowa;  F.  Fowler  &  Sons,  Menlo,  Iowa;  S.  P. 
Freed,  Ames,  Iowa;  Geo.  Gawley,  Irwin,  Iowa;  J.  E.  Grant,  Carlisle,  Iowa; 
J.  W.  Ginstead,  Jr.,  Mitchellville,  Iowa;  Hanks  &  Bishop,  New  London, 
Iowa;  Harding  R.  J.,  Macedonia,  Iowa;  Myles  Harkin,  Pleasantville, 
Iowa;  Reed  Hawthorne,  West  Liberty,  Iowa;  Henninger  &  Adams,  Gene- 
seo,  111.;  F.  H.  Herring,  Iowa  City,  Iowa;  Hockett  &  Ashby,  Manning, 
Iowa;  Jno.  Justice,  Ankeny,  Iowa;  J.  W.  Kent,  Auburn,  Iowa;  Kuper 
Bros.,  Bellevue,  Iowa;  Fred  W.  Lahr,  Brooks,  Iowa;  P.  B.  Lake,  Moscow, 
Iowa;  A.  E.  Long,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa;  Grant  Lynn,  Spirit  Lake,  Iowa; 
R.  G.  McDuff,  Monroe,  Iowa;  J.  W.  McMichael,  Carlisle,  Iowa;  B.  C. 
Marts,  Hampton,  Iowa;  E.  D.  Michael,  Selma,  Iowa;  D.  Nauman,  West 
Liberty,  Iowa;  O.  E.  Osborn,  Weston,  Iowa;  A.  A.  Pearson,  Springdale, 
Iowa;  W.  M.  Sells  &  Son,  Indianola,  Iowa;  Arthur  Spear,  Wtellman,  Iowa; 
O.  R.  Stevens,  Rippey,  Iowa;  S.  Stewart  &  Sons,  Kennard,  Neb.;  F.  A. 
Strong,  Orient,  Iowa;  John  Thompson,  Lake  City,  Iowa;  C.  0.  Thorn- 
burg,  Pleasantville,  Iowa;  Van  Meter  &  Caldwell,  Williamsville,  Illinois; 

F.  T.  Van  Nice,  Russell,  Iowa;  Waltemeyer  Bros.,  Mebourne,  Iowa;  C.  A. 
Warrick,  Blair,  Nebraska;  Grant  White,  Afton,  Iowa;  John  Wellendorf, 
Algona,  Iowa;  Hosea  Wilson,  Blair,  Nebraska;  I,  J.  Wilson,  West  Branch, 
Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge H.    F.    Hoffman,    Washta,    Iowa. 

Boar  Two  Years  or  0i;er— First,  Prince  Educator,  100679,  Cotta  &  Will- 
iams; second.  Colonel  Gano,  103963,  R.  J.  Harding;  third,  Cedarhill 
Chief,    111545,    Hosea   Wilson;    fourth,    Crimson    Chief    Again,    119917, 


844  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

H.  S.  Allen;    fifth,  Keep  on  Jim,  104151,  J.  H.  Farris;   sixth,  Volunteer, 
32899a,  H.  E.  Browning;  seventh.  Crimson  Monitor,  107369,  C.  A.  Warrick. 

Boar  Eighteen  Months,  Under  Tioo  Years — First,  High  Model,  125953, 
Waltemeyer  Bros.;  second,  Ames  Colonel,  111091,  Kuper  Bros.;  third. 
Defiance,  34523a,  H.  E.  Browning;  fourth,  Munsey's  Last,  126037,  A.  P. 
Alsin;  fifth.  Jumbo  Medoc,  125903,  Lester  Barton;  sixth,  Wonderful  Crim- 
son Again,  111833,  S.  P.  Freed;  seventh,  Hud's  Hustler,  Chas.  Cooper. 

Boar  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — First,  High  Chief,  125963, 
Waltemeyer  Bros.;  second,  Wonder's  Model,  122481n,  41337a,  Hanks  & 
Bishop;  third.  Golden  Model  30th,  125949,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  fourth. 
Crimson  Model,  116101,  Hockett  &  Ashby;  fifth,  0.  B.  Osborne;  sixth, 
Helen's  Model,  12598n,  Hanks  &  Bishop;  seventh.  Proud  Ohio  Chief 
II,  117561,  D.  Nauman. 

Boar  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year — First,  Chief  Model,  125959,  Walte- 
meyer Bros.;  second.  Golden  Colonel,  125967,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  third. 
Sensation's  Wonder,  125593,  S.  W.  Stewart  &  Sons;  fourth.  Big  Wonder, 
125591,  S.  W.  Stewart  &  Sons;  fifth,  Colonel  S.  E.,  Hockett  &  Ashby; 
sixth,  Ohio  Chief  Colonel,  41303a,  H.  E.  Browning;  seventh,  Proud 
Medium,  126033,  R.  J.  Harding. 

Boar  Under  Six  Months — First,  S.  W.  Stewart  &  Sons;  second,  Walte- 
meyer Bros.;  third,  Hosea  Wilson;  fourth,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  fifth,  C.  O. 
Thornburg;   sixth,  D.  Nauman;  seventh,  Hockett  &  Ashby. 

Sow  Over  Two  Years— First,  Chief's  Maid,  212280,  E.  W.  Davis  & 
Co.;  second,  Happy  Dream,  68640a,  H.  E.  Browning;  third,  Ohio  Queen, 
239322,  E.  W.  Davis  &  Co.;  fourth,  Mc's  Dream,  195600n,  H.  E.  Brown- 
ing; fifth,  Jewell's  Model,  252034n,  94482a,  Hanks  &  Bishop;  sixth. 
Wonder  Jewell,  281142,  H.  S.  Allen;  seventh.  Lady  Profit,  296484,  Hen- 
ninger  and  Adams. 

Sow  Eighteen  Months,  Under  Two  Years — First,  Valley  Lady  Again, 
318360,  H.  S.  Allen;  second,  Goldie's  Model,  291334,  Hockett  &  Ashby; 
third,  Nora  Wonder,  290372,  Geo.  Gawley;  fourth,  Fancy  Wonder  3rd, 
289648,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  fifth,  Protection  Lady,  323992,  R.  J.  Harding; 
sixth,  Tattletale  III,  86942a,  H.  E.  Browning;  seventh,  Rose  Lee,  324330, 
Van  Meter  &  Caldwell. 

Sow  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — First,  Belle's  Model,  323856n, 
94466a,  Hanks  &  Bishop;  second,  Ohio  Queen  Again,  323828,  Walte- 
meyer Bros.;  third.  Queen  Wonder,  323826,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  fourth, 
Lee's  Delight,  324332,  Van  Meter  &  Caldwell;  fifth,  Bessie  Defender  2nd, 
Hockett  &  Ashby;  sixth,  Billy  Burke,  94390a,  H.  E.  Browning;  seventh. 
Big  Sady,  324032,  B.  C.  Marts. 

Sow  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year — First,  Crimson  Lady,  324065,  F.  H. 
Allen;  second.  Wild  Eyes,  323836,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  third.  Golden 
Queen  22nd,  323840,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  fourth.  Golden  Floss,  Hockett  & 
Ashby;  fifth,  Lucille  Model,  323848n,  94460a,  Hanks  &  Bishop;  sixth, 
Model  Queen  15th,  324160,  E.  W.  Davis  &  Co.;  seventh,  Golden  Floss  2nd, 
Hockett  &  Ashby. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII 


845 


GRAND  CHAMPION  DDROC  SOW 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 

Sow  Under  Six  Months — First,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  second,  S.  W.  Stew- 
art &  Sons;  third,  Lady  Anna,  S.  W.  Stewart  &  Sons;  fourth,  Walte- 
meyer Bros.;  fifth,  Hosea  Wilson;  sixth,  T.  P.  Van  Nice;  seventh.  Van 
Meter  &  Caldwell. 

Senior  Champion  Boar — High  Model,  125958,  Waltemeyer  Bros. 

Junior  Champion  Boar — Chief  Model,  Waltemeyer  Bros. 

Senior  Champion  Soiv— Chief.  Maid,  212280,  E.  W.  Davis  &  Co. 

Junior  Champion  Soiv — Crimson  Lady,  324065,  F.  H.  Allen. 

Grand  Champion  Boar — High  Model,  125953,  Waltemeyer  Bros. 

Ch-and  Champion  /Sfot^— Chief's  Maid,  212280,  E.  W.  Davis  &  Co. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Over  One  Year — First,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  sec- 
ond. Hanks  &  Bishop;  third,  H.  E.  Browning;  fourth,  R.  J.  Harding; 
fifth,  H,  E.  Browning;  sixth,  Hockett  &  Ashby;  seventh,  Van  Meter 
and  Caldwell. 

Boar  and  Three  Soios  Under  One  Year — First,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  sec- 
nod,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  third,  F.  H.  Allen;  fourth,  E.  W.  Davis  &  Co.; 
fifth,  S.  W.  Stewart  &  Sons;  sixth.  Hanks  &  Bishop;  seventh,  Hockett 
&  Ashby. 

Boar  and  Three  Soios  Over  One  Year,  Bred  by  Exhibitor — First,  Walte- 
meyer Bros.;  second,  Hanks  &  Bishop;  third,  H.  E.  Browning;  fourth. 
Van  Meter  &  Caldwell;  fifth,  R.  J.  Harding;  sixth,  George  Gawley; 
seventh,  Hockett  &  Ashby. 


846  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Under  One  Year,  Bred  by  Exhibitor — First, 
Waltemeyer  Bros.;  second,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  third,  F.  H.  Allen;  fourth, 
E.  W.  Davis  &  Co.;  fifth,  S.  W.  Stewart  &  Sons;  sixth.  Hanks  &  Bishop; 
seventh,  Hockett  &  Ashby. 

Get  of  Sire — First,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  second,  Hanks  &  Bishop;  third, 
Waltemeyer  Bros.;  fourth,  S.  W.  Stewart  &  Sons;  fifth,  E.  W.  Davis  & 
Co.;   sixth',  Hockett  &  Ashby;   seventh,  H.  E.  Browning. 

Produce  of  Sow — First,  Waltemeyer  Bros.;  second,  S.  W.  Stewart  &  Sons; 
third,  E.  W.  Davis  &  Co.;  fourth,  Hockett  &  Ashby;  fifth,  F.  H.  Allen; 
sixth,  C.  0.  Thornburg;   seventh,  Chas.  Cooper. 

SPECIALS    OFFERED    BY   THE   NATIONAL   DUROC   JERSEY 
RECORD  ASSOCIATION. 

Boar  and  Three  Soivs  Owned  by  Exhibitor — First,  Waltemeyer  Bros.; 
second.  Hanks  &  Bishop;  third,  Ashby  &  Hockett. 

SPECIALS   OFFERED   BY   THE   AMERICAN   DUROC   JERSEY 
SWINE    BREEDERS'    ASSOCIATION. 

Best  Herd  Under  One  Year — First,  Hanks  &  Bishop;  second,  R.  J. 
Harding. 

Best  Herd  One  Year  Old  or  Over,  Bred  land  Owned  by  Exhibitor — First, 
Hanks  &  Bishop;   second,  H.  E.  Browning. 

Best  Herd  Under  One  Year  Old,  Bred  and  Owned  by  Exhibitor — ^First, 
Hanks  &  Bishop;   second,  Van  Meter  &  Caldwell. 


CHESTER  WHITE. 

EXHIBITOES. 

A.  D.  Andrews  &  Son,  New  London,  Iowa;  Barr  &  Rae,  Ames,  Iowa; 
B.  M.  Boyer  &  Sons,  Farmington,  Iowa;  J.  W.  Brendel,  Zionsville,  Ind.; 
Reed  Crawford,  Libertyville,  Iowa;  Geo.  W.  DeBar,  Aurora,  Iowa;  W.  H. 
Dunbar,  Jefferson,  Iowa;  F.  O.  Dunkerton,  Dunkerton,  Iowa;  Thos.  F. 
Kent,  Walnut,  Iowa;  Geo.  A.  Lasley,  Selma,  Iowa;  D.  H.  Lewis,  Geneseo, 
Illinois;  J.  A.  Loughridge,  Delta,  Iowa;  M.  McLaughlin,  Nevada,  Iowa; 
Will  Michael,  Selma,  Iowa;  E.  L.  Nagle,  Deep  River,  Iowa;  J.  T.  Perry, 
Selma,  Iowa;  F.  E.  Read  &  Son,  Galena,  111.;  J.  H.  Sackmiller,  Webster 
City,  Iowa;  Otto  B.  Schulze,  Nashville,  Michigan;  W.  W.  Seeley,  Stuart, 
Iowa;  Patrick  H.  Sheridan,  West  Side,  Iowa;  A.  B.  Somerville,  Monroe, 
Iowa;  Arthur  Spear,  Wellman,  Iowa;  L.  C.  West,  Dallas  Center,  Iowa; 
Wm.  Whitted,  Monroe,  Iowa;  G.  H.  Barber,  Marble  Rock,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

JxjDGE N.  H.  Gentry,  Sedalia,  Mo. 

Bo<ir  Two  Years  or  Over — First,  Sweepstake,  28006,  B.  M.  Boyer  & 
Sons;    second,    Chickasaw    Choice,    29161,    Barr    &   Rae;    third.    Alright, 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      847 

20139,  Patrick  H.  Sheridan;  fourth,  Iowa  Protection,  19551,  Thos.  F. 
Kent;  fifth.  Right  Lad,  22023,  D.  H.  Lewis;  sixth,  Mark,  P.  0.  Dunkerton; 
seventh,  Scott  No.  1,  Otto  B.  Schulze. 

Baar  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — First,  Medler,  20925,  W.  H. 
Dunbar;  second,  Col.  Evans,  21623,  E.  L.  Nagle  &  Son;  third,  Modeler  S, 
19629,  Arthur  Spear;  fourth,  Combination  A,  22045,  Thos.  F.  Kent;  fifth, 
B.  &  R.  Model,  22077,  Barr  &  Rae;  sixth,  Combination  B,  22047,  Thos. 
F.  Kent;   seventh,  Chickasaw  Lad,  19631,  Arthur  Spear. 

Boar  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year— First,  Elmo  King,  22029,  D.  H. 
Lewis;  second,  Elmo  King,  2nd,  22031,  D.  H.  Lewis;  third,  Fox,  F.  O. 
Dunkerton;  fourth,  Captain,  16445,  E.  L.  Nagle  &  Son;  fifth.  Silver  King 
O.  K.,  Arthur  Spear;  sixth,  Duke,  22011,  A.  D.  Andrews  &  Son;  seventh, 
Rivenur,  22079,  Barr  &  Rae. 

Boar  Under  Six  Months — First,  B.  M.  Boyer  &  Sons;  second.  Charmer 
2nd,  Will  Michael;  third,  Teddy,  22025,  D.  H.  Lewis;  fourth,  F.  E. 
Read  &  Son;  fifth,  F.  E.  Read  &  Son;  sixth,  Wm.  Whitted;  seventh, 
Billy,  F.  O.  Dunkerton. 

Sow  Two  Years  or  Over — First,  Lenora  3rd,  44512,  Barr  &  Rae;  second, 
Iowa  Production,  45848,  Thos.  F.  Kent;  third,  Mollie,  48842,  D.  H.  Lewis; 
fourth,  Iowa  Bessie,  47666,  Thos.  F.  Kent;  fifth.  White  Rose,  48318,  A. 
D.   Andrews   &   Son;    sixth,   Alice,   24366,   M.   McLaughlin, 

Sow  Eighteen  Months,  Under  Two  Years — First,  Kent's  Kind,  48888, 
Thos.  P.  Kent;  second,  Ruby,  48844,  D.  H.  Lewis;  third,  Grace  E., 
48868,  W.  H.  Dunbar;  fourth.  Big  Duchess,  44870,  A.  D.  Andrews  &  Son; 
fifth,  Mazie,  45640,  Geo.  A.  Lasley. 

Sow  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — First,  H.  Lenora  2nd,  48866, 
W.  H.  Dunbar;  second,  Esther,  48846,  D.  H.  Lewis;  third,  Iowa  Agh- 
nito,  48894,  Thos.  F.  Kent;  fourth,  March  Rose,  48946,  Barr  &  Rae;  fifth, 
Edith,  48848,  D.  H.  Lewis;  sixth,  Juniata's  3rd,  31304,  Arthur  Spear; 
seventh,  Neva,  48816,  Geo.  A.  Lasley. 

Sow  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year — First,  Midget,  27612,  E.  L.  Nagle  & 
Son;  second,  Elmo  Queen  ist,  48858;  third,  Iowa  Favorite,  48882;  fourth, 
Elmo  Queen  2nd,  48860,  D.  H.  Lewis;  fifth,  Hiland  Princess,  48950, 
Barr  &  Rae;  sixth,  Rowena  O.  K.,  Arthur  Spear;  seventh,  Iowa  Royal, 
48880,  Thos.  P.  Kent. 

Sow  Under  Six  Months—First,  Snow  Ball,  E.  L,  Nagle  &  Son;  second, 
Sister  1st,  48850,  D.  H.  Lewis;  third,  Sister  2nd,  48852,  D.  H.  Lewis; 
fourth,  Barr  &  Rae;  fifth.  Fancy,  E.  L.  Nagle  &  Son;  sixth,  W.  H. 
Dunbar;  seventh,  W.  H.  Dunbar. 

Senior   Champion   Boar — Sweepstake,   28006,   B.   M.   Boyer. 
Junior  Champion  Boar — Elmo  King,   22029,   D.   H.  Lewis. 
Senior  Champion  Soio — Lenora  3rd,  Barr  &  Rae. 
Junior  Champion  Soto — Midget,  E.  L.  Nagle  &  Son. 
Grand  Champion  Boar — Elmo  King,  22029,  D.  H.  Lewis. 
Ch-and  Champion  Soto — Lenora  3rd,  Barr  &  Rae. 


848 


IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


CHAMPION  CHESTER  WHITE  BOAK 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 


Boa7^  and  Three  Sows  Over  One  Year— First,  White  Boy,  Thos.  F. 
Kent;  second,  Chickasaw  Choice,  Barr  &  Rae;  third,  Right  Lad,  D.  H. 
Lewis;  fourth,  Medler,  W.  H.  Dunbar;  fifth,  St.  Croix,  A.  D.  Andrews 
&  Son. 

Baar  and  Three  Soivs  Tinder  One  Year— First,  Elmo  King  1st,  D.  H. 
Lewis;  second,  Iowa  Chief,  Thos.  F.  Kent;  third.  Silver  King,  Arthur 
Spear;  fourth,  Elmo  King  2nd.  D.  H.  Lewis;  fifth,  Captain.  E.  L.  Nagle 
&  Son;  sixth,  Duke,  A.  D.  Andrews  &  Son;  seventh.  Village  Boy,  Barr 
&  Rae. 

Boar  and  Three  Soivs  Over  One  Year,  Bred  hy  Exhibitor— First,  Com- 
bination A.,  Thos.  F.  Kent;  second,  B.  &  A.  Model,  Barr  &  Rae;  third, 
Right  Lad,  D.  H.  Lewis. 

Boar  and  Three  Soios  Under  One  Year,  Bred  by  Exhibitor— First,  D. 
H.  Lewis;  second,  Thos.  F.  Kent;  third,  Arthur  Spear;  fourth,  D.  H. 
Lewis;  fifth,  E.  L.  Nagle  &  Son;  sixth,  A.  D.  Andrews  &  Son;  seventh, 
Barr  &  Rae. 

Get  of  /Sfire— First,  D.  H.  Lewis;  second,  Thos.  F.  Kent;  third,  W.  H. 
Dunbar;  fourth,  D.  H.  Lewis;  fifth,  Barr  &  Rae;  sixth,  E.  L.  Nagle  & 
Son;  seventh,  Arthur  Spear. 

Produce  of  ^ow>— First,  D.  H.  Lewis;  second,  D.  H.  Lewis;  third,  Thos. 
F.  Kent;  fourth,  Barr  &  Rae;  fifth,  E.  L,  Nagle  &  Son;  sixth,  Arthur 
Spear;  seventh,  A.  D.  Andrews  &  Son. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  849 

SPECIALS   OFFERED   BY  THE  NATIONAL  O.   I.  C.   RECORDING  CO. 

Boar  Under  Six  Months — First,  Happy  Boy,  2144,  L.  C.  West. 
Sow  Under  Six  Months— First,  Beauty,  2143,  L.  C.  West. 

SPECIALS  OFFERED  BY  THE  AMERICAN  CHESTER  WHITE 
RECORD   ASSOCIATION. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows,  Under  One  Year — First,  Silver  King,  19731, 
Ruth  0.  K.,  31498,  Rowena  O.  K.,  31496,  White  Rose  0.  K.,  31494,  Arthur 
Spear. 

Produce  of  Soio— First,  Silver  King,  19731,  Ruth  O.  K.,  31498,  Rowena 
O.  K.,  31496,  White  Rose  O.  K.,  31494,  Arthur  Spear. 


BERKSHIRE. 

EXHIBITORS. 

C.  A.  Evans,  Elliott,  Iowa;  Farmer  Farm,  Farmington,  Minnesota;  A. 
G.  Forsbeck,  Gray,  Iowa;  lowana  Farms,  Davenport,  Iowa;  Forest  S. 
McPherson,  Stuart,  Iowa;  Rookwood  Farm,  Ames,  Iowa;  E.  B.  Thomas, 
Audubon,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge N.    H.    Gentry,    Sedalia,    Mo. 

Boar  Two  Years  or  Over — First,  Rival's  Champion's  Best,  127963,  Rook- 
wood Farm;  second,  Julia's  Duke,  112641,  Farmer  Farm;  third,  Mas- 
terpiece Rival  2nd,  137725,  lowana  Farms;  fourth,  King  Balder,  143671, 
A.  G.  Forsbeck;  fifth.  Master  Pug  2nd,  134186,  lowana  Farms;  sixth, 
Sensation,  153959,  Rookwood  Farm;  seventh,  Premier's  Master  5th,  146091, 
Farmer  Farm. 

Boar  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — First,  Laurel  Champion, 
Rookwood  Farm;  second,  Sunrise  Attraction,  163581,  Farmer  Farm;  third, 
Ames  Rival  20th,  152781,  Rookwood  Farm;  fourth,  Sunrise  Brilliant, 
165282,  Farmer  Farm;  fifth,  Sittyton  Rivaleer,  154400,  lowana  Farms; 
sixth.  Duke's  Conqueror  2nd,  159246,  C.  A.  Evans;  seventh,  Corrector's 
Best,  C.  A.  Evans. 

Boar  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year — First,  Robin's  Baron  Value,  165518, 
Farmer  Farm;  second,  Rob  Roy  10th,  166356,  F.  S.  McPherson;  third. 
Peerless  Masterpiece,  166450,  lowana  Farms;  fourth.  Corrector's  Duke, 
166988,  C.  A.  Evans;  fifth,  Corrector's  Tod,  C.  A.  Evans. 

Boar  Under  Six  Months — First,  Farmer  Farm;  second,  lowana  Farms; 
third,  lowana  Farms;  fourth,  A.  G.  Forsbeck;  fifth,  Farmer  Farm;  sixth, 
C.  A.  Evans. 

Soio  Ttoo  Years  or  Over — First,  Robin's  Girl,  132007,  lowana  Farms; 
second.  Rival's  Black  Girl  2nd,  137155,  lowana  Farms;  third,  Robin's 
Corrector,  133968,  Farmer  Farm;  fourth,  Rookwood  Lady  27th,  124276, 
Farmer  Farm;  fifth,  Baroness  Oxford  B,  158384,  A.  G.  Forsbeck;  sixth, 
Young  Amazing,  151807,  C.  A.  Evans. 
54 


850  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE  '   ' 

Sow  Eighteen  Months,  Under  Two  Years — First,  Value's  Duchess  2nd, 
152963,  lowana  Farms;   second,  Model  Gem  251st,  151803,  C.  A.  Evans. 

Sow  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — First,  Rival  Lady  33rd,  152787, 
Rookwood  Farm;  second,  lowana  Farms;  third.  Sunrise  Attraction, 
165577,  Farmer  Farm;  fourth,  Premier's  Nora  Lee  2nd,  157377,  lowana 
Farms;  fifth.  Black  Rose  Bud  3rd,  165562,  A.  G.  Forsbeck;  sixth.  Rival 
Lady  34th,  152788,  Rookwood  Farm;  seventh,  Julia's  Model  Queen, 
165576,  Farmer  Farm. 

Soto  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year — First,  Robin's  Baroness  Value  3rd, 
165579,  Farmer  Farm;  second.  Premier's  Master  Princess,  165582,  Farmer 
Farm;  third,  Masterpiece  Duchess,  161143,  lowana  Farms;  fourth,  Lady 
Stuart   6th,    166357,   F.    S.   McPherson;    fifth.   Lady    Stewart   7th,    166358, 

F.  S.  McPherson;   sixth.  Corrector's  Gem,  166991,  C.  A.  Evans;   seventh, 
Corrector's  Gem  2nd,  C.  A.  Evans. 

Sow  Under  Six  Months — First,  A.  G.  Forsbeck;   second.  Farmer  Farm; 

third,  lowana  Farms;  fourth,  lowana  Farms;  fifth.  Farmer  Farm;  sixth, 
and  seventh,  C.  A.  Evans. 

Senior  Champion  Boar — Rival's  Champion  Best,  127963,  Roiokwood 
Farm. 

Junior  Champion  Boar — Farmer  Farm. 

Senior  Champion  Sow — Robin's  Girl,  132007,  lowana  Farms. 

Junior  Champion  Sow — Robin's  Baroness  Value  3rd,  Farmer  Farm. 

Grand  Champion  Boar — Rival's  Champion  Best,  127963,  Rookwood 
Farm. 

Grand  Champion  Sow — Robin's  Girl,  lowana  Farms. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Over  One  Year — First,  Rookwood  Farm;  second, 
lowana  Farm;  third.  Farmer  Farm;  fourth,  C.  A.  Evans. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Under  One  Year — First,  Farmer  Farm;  second, 
F.  S.  McPherson;  third,  lowana  Farms;  fourth,  C.  A.  Evans. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Over  One  Year,  Bred  "by  Exhibitor — First,  Rook- 
wood Farm;  second.  Farmer  Farm;  third,  C.  A.  Evans. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Under  One  Year,  Bred  hy  Exhibitor — First, 
Farmer  Farm;  second,  F.  S.  McPherson;  third,  lowana  Farms;  fourth, 
C.  A.  Evans. 

Get  of  Sire — First,  Rookwood  Farm;  second,  Farmer  Farm;  third,  F. 
S.  McPherson;  fourth,  lowana  Farms;  fifth,  C.  A.  Evans. 

Produce  of  Soto — First,  Rookwood  Farm;  second.  Farmer  Farm;  third, 
F.  S.  McPherson;  fourth,  lowana  Farms;   fifth,  C.  A.  Evans. 

SPECIALS   OFFERED   BY   THE   AMERICAN   BERKSHIRE 
ASSOCIATION. 

Best  Herd—F.  S.  McPherson. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  851 

HAMPSHIRE. 

EXHIBITOBS. 

J.  E.  Beckendorf,  Walnut,  Iowa;  W.  J.  Brinigar,  Blythedale,  Mo.;  C. 
A.  Brook,  Washington,  Iowa;  Willis  O.  Chaney,  Eldora,  Iowa;  Willie 
Essig,  Tipton,  Indiana;  James  Perry  Co.,  Sciota,  Illinois;  E.  S.  Mc- 
Candless,  Thurman,  Iowa;  Isom  Martin,  Lancaster,  Missouri;  Maxwell  & 
Spangler,  Creston,  Iowa;  Clayton  Messenger,  Keswick,  Iowa;  J.  H.  Nis- 
sen,  Lyons,  Iowa;  F.  T.  Quire,  Sully,  Iowa;  D.  E.  Strever,  Hinckley,  Illi- 
nois; Mike  Sharp  &  Son,  Coal  Valley,  Illinois;  P.  O.  Tanner,  Browns- 
dale,  Minnesota. 

AWARDS. 

Judge A.  L.  Goodenough,  Morrison,  HI. 

Boar  Tioo  Years  or  Over — First,  Messenger  Boy,  6179,  Clayton  Mes- 
senger; second.  Compeer,  4779,  Willie  Essig;  third.  Lad  for  Me,  4685, 
J.  E.  Beckendorf;  fourth.  General  Tipton,  1677,  Isom  Martin;  fifth,  Blythe- 
dale Duke  2nd,  7021,  W.  J.  Brinigar;  sixth,  Clare's  Duke,  3773,  Mike 
Sharp  &  Sons;  seventh,  Signet,  5453,  E.  S.  McCandless. 

Boar  Eighteen  Months,  Under  Two  Tears — First,  Dr.  Scott,  6177,  Willie 
Essig;  second.  Round-up,  7419,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  third,  Byrdine  Car- 
ter, 7185,  W.  J.  Brinigar;  fourth,  Flunky  Tom,  8413,  Clayton  Messenger; 
fifth,  Mike,  7411,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  sixth.  Jack  Johnson,  9963,  Clayton 
Messenger. 

Boar  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — First,  Dudie,  7847,  Willie 
Essig;  second.  Max  Welton,  7969,  Harry  C.  James;  third,  Joe,  7743,  J. 
H.  Nissen;  fourth,  Fred  K.,  7911,  Clayton  Messenger;  fifth,  Blythedale 
Lad,  7273,  W.  J.  Brinigar;  sixth.  Buster,  10793,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons; 
seventh.  King  of  Sciota,  8099,  Harry  C.  James. 

j  Boar  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year — First,  Direct  View,  11001,  Willie 
Essig;  second,  Silko,  11003,  Willie  Essig;  third,  Allen's  Colonel,  11073, 
J.  H.  Nissen;  fourth,  Teddy  B.  2nd,  10327,  W.  J.  Brinigar;  fifth,  Harry, 
10839,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  sixth.  Twister's  Duke,  11059,  J.  H.  Nissen; 
seventh.  Supervisor,  10553,  Clayton  Messenger. 

Boar  Under  Six  Months— First,  Shanker,  10817,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons; 
second,  Brookview  Prince,  11155,  Isom  Martin;  third,  Bonnie,  10819,  Mike 
Sharp  &  Sons;  fourth.  Lad  for  Me  2nd,  10953,  J.  E.  Beckendorf;  fifth. 
Captain  Stacy,  11159,  Isom  Martin;  sixth,  Willie  Essig;  seventh.  Corn 
Came,  10557,  Clayton  Messenger. 

Sow  Two  Years  or  Over — First,  Goldie,  8896,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  sec- 
ond, Sylvia,  2398,  Clayton  Messenger;  third.  Utility  Lass,  9578,  Willie 
Essig;  fourth,  Blythedale  Princess,  5266,  W.  J.  Brinigar;  fifth,  Clin- 
ton's Best,  7184,  J.  H.  Nissen;  sixth.  Pearl's  Choice,  12870,  Willie  Es- 
sig;  seventh,  Minn.  Lady  2nd,  2588,  F.  O.  Tanner. 

Sow  Eighteen  Months,  Under  Two  Years — First,  Missouri*s  Best, 
13058,  W.  J.  Brinigar;  second.  Bertha,  13178,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  third. 
Deepness,  17436,  Willie  Essig;   fourth,  Dependence,  13900,  Willie  Essig; 


852  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

fifth,   Cora,   13180,   Mike   Sharp  &  Sons;    sixth,   Missouri   Beauty,    13056, 
W.   J.   Brinigar;    seventh   Estell,    13336,    Clayton   Messenger. 

Sow  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — First,  Mayflower,  16616,  Mike 
Sharp  &  Sons;  second.  Pretty,  13052,  W.  J.  Brinigar;  third,  Progress, 
13960,  Willie  Essig;  fourth.  Miss  Scott,  13672,  Clayton  Messenger;  fifth. 
Princess,  16620,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  sixth,  Security,  13927,  Willie  Es- 
sig;  seventh.  Miss  Allen  14876,  C.  A.  Brook. 

Sow  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year — First,  Veda,  19640,  Willie  Essig; 
sec9nd.  Wild  Rose,  18998,  Clayton  Messenger;  third,  Miss  Naylor,  18996, 
Clayton  Messenger;  fourth,  Maud's  Best  3rd,  18590,  V/.  J.  Brinigar;  fifth, 
Edna,  19914,  C.  A.  Brook;  sixth,  Nellie,  19372,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  sev- 
enth. Tip  Top  Girl,  19538,  F.  T.  Quire. 

Sow  Under  Six  Months — First,  Daisy  Brookview  1st,  19954,  Isom  Mar- 
tin; second,  Sadie,  19352,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sou;  third.  Orphan  Ann,  19960, 
Isom  Martin;  fourth.  Sweet  Evlyn,  19554,  J.  E.  Beckendorf;  fifth,  Mary, 
19350,  Mike  Sharp  &  Son;  sixth,  Countess  Perfection,  19808,  J.  H.  Nissen; 
seventh,  W.  J.  Brinigar. 

Senior   Champion  Boar — Messenger   Boy,    6179,   Clayton   Messenger. 

Junior  Champion  Boar — Direct  View,   11001,  Willie  Essig. 

Senior  Champion  ^ow— Goldie,  8896,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons. 

Junior  Champion  Sow — Veda,  19640,  Willie  Essig. 

Grand    Champion   Boar — Messenger    Boy,    6179,    Clayton    Messenger. 

Ch'and  Champion  Sow — Goldie,  8896,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Over  One  Year— First,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  sec- 
ond, Clayton  Messenger;  third,  Willie  Essig;  fourth,  Willie  Essig;  fifth, 
W.  J.  Brinigar;   sixth,  J.  H.  Nissen;   seventh,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Under  One  Year — First,  Willie  Essig;  second, 
Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  third,  J.  H.  Nissen;  fourth,  W.  J.  Brinigar;  fifth, 
Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  sixth,  C.  A.  Brook;  seventh,  F.  T.  Quire. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Over  One  Year,  Bred  ly  Exhibitor — First,  Mike 
Sharp  &  Sons;  second,  Willie  Essig;  third,  W.  J.  Brinigar;  fourth,  J. 
H.  Nissen;  fifth,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  sixth,  Clayton  Messenger;  sev- 
enth, C.  A.  Brook. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Under  One  Year,  Bred  ly  Exhibitor— First, 
Willie  Essig;  second,  Isom  Martin;  third,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  fourth, 
J.  H.  Nissen;  fifth,  W.  J.  Brinigar;  sixth,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  seventh, 
C.  A.  Brook. 

Get  of  Sire— First,  Willie  Essig;  second,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  third, 
W.  J.  Brinigar;  fourth,  Isom  Martin;  fifth,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons;  sixth, 
Clayton  Messenger;   seventh,  J.  H.   Nissen. 

Produce  of  Sow — First,  Willie  Essig;  second,  Mike  Sharp  &  Sons; 
third,  Isom  Martin;  fourth,  Mike  Sharp  &  Son;  fifth,  Clayton  Mes- 
senger; sixth,  J.  H.  Nissen;  seventh,  J.  H.  Nissen. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  853 

SPECIAL  OFFERED  BY  THE  AMERICAN  HAMPSHIRE  SWINE 
RECORD  ASSOCIATION. 

Best   Exhibit   Four   Hampshire   Pigs — First,    F.    T.    Quire;    second,   C. 
A.   Brook;   third,   Clayton  Messenger. 


YORKSHIRE. 

EXHIBITORS. 

F.  M.   Buck,  LaPorte,  Indiana;    B.   F.  Kunkle,   Redfield,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge C.  C.  Roup,  Kalona,  Iowa. 

Boar  Tioo  Years  or  Over — First,  Lake  Park  Navigator,  12161,  B.  F. 
Kunkle;  second.  Deer  Creek  Beauty  2nd,  10262,  F.  M.  Buck;  third.  Deer 
Creek  Dalmany  9th,  13316,  B.  F.  Kunkle. 

Boar  Eighteen  Months,  Under  Two  Years — First,  Prairie  Lea  Pride, 
15085,  F.  M.  Buck. 

Boar  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — First,  Oak  Grove  Rex  3rd, 
15700,  B.  F.  Kunkle;  second.  Oak  Grove  Bill  3rd,  15698,  B.  F.  Kunkle; 
third,  Prairie  Gem  Joker,  16038,  F.  M.  Buck;  fourth,  Prairie  Lea  Joker, 
16038,  F.  M.  Buck. 

Boar  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year — First,  Lake  Park  Dude,  16588, 
F.  M.  Buck;   second.  Oak  Grove  Royal  2nd,  16412,  B.  F.  Kunkle. 

Boar  Under  Six  Months — First,  Rex  Fifth,  B.  F.  Kunkle;  second,  F. 
M.  Buck;  third.  Rex  Smith,  B.  F.  Kunkle;   fourth,  F.  M.  Buck. 

Sow   Two   Years   or   Over — First,   Oak   Grove  Maud   2nd,   14506,  B.  F. 

Kunkle;    second.    Oak    Grove    Maud    3rd,    14930,    B.    F.    Kunkle;  third, 

Prairie  Gem,  12679,  F.  M.  Buck;    fourth,  Gem  of  the  Lea,  14268,  F.  M. 
Buck. 

Sow  Eighteen  Months,  Under  Two  Years— First,  Oak  Grove  Bell  First, 
14476,  B.  F.  Kunkle;  second.  Oak  Grove  Bell  2nd,  14477,  B.  F.  Kunkle; 
third,  Mondamin  Gem,  15086,  F.  M.  Buck. 

Sow  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — First,  Deer  Creek  Martha  5th, 
14977,  B.  F.  Kunkle;  second.  Oak  Grove  Bell  5th,  14536,  B.  F.  Kunkle; 
third,  Prairie  Gem  3rd,  16037,  F.  M.  Buck;  fourth,  Prairie  Gem  2nd, 
16036,  F.  M.  Buck. 

Sow  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year — First,  Lake  Park  Augustine,  III, 
16587,  F.  M.  Buck;  second.  Oak  Grove  Model  4th,  16410,  B.  F.  Kunkle; 
third.  Oak  Grove  Model  5th,  16409,  B.  F.  Kunkle. 

Sow  Under  Six  Months — First,  F.  M.  Buck;  second,  F.  M.  Buck;  third 
and  fourth,  B.  F.  Kunkle. 

Senior  Champion  Boar — Lake  Park  Navigator,  12161,  B.  F.  Kunkle. 


854  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Junior  Champion  Boar — Lake  Park  Dude,  16588,  F.  M.  Buck. 
Senior  Chaynpion  Sow — Deer  Creek  Martha  5th,  14977,  B.  F.  Kunkle. 
Junior  Champion  Soiv — Lake  Park  Augustine  III,  16587,  F.  M.  Buck. 
Grand  Champion  Boar — Lake  Park  Navigator,   12161,  B.  F.  Kunkle. 
Grand  Champion  Soic — Deer  Creek  Martha  5th,  14977,  B.  F.  Kunkle. 

Boar  and   Three   Soios   Over   One   Year — First,   B.   F.   Kunkle;    second, 
F.   M.   Buck. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Under  One  Year — First,  F.  M.  Buck;   second,  B. 
F.  Kunkle. 

Boar  and   Three   Soivs   Over   One   Ye<ar,   Bred   'by  Exhibitor — First,   B. 
F.  Kunkle;   second,  F.  M.  Buck. 

Boar  and  Three  Soios   Under  One  Year,  Bred   by  Exhibitor — First,  B. 
F.  Kunkle;    second,  F.  M.  Buck. 

Get  of  Sii-e— First,  B.  F.  Kunkle;    second,  F.  M.  Buck. 

Produce  of  Soiv — First,  B.  F.  Kunkle;  second,  F.  M.  Buck. 

SPECIALS  OFFERED  BY  THE  AMERICAN  YORKSHIRE  CLUB. 
Young  Herd — First,   B.   F.  Kunkle;    second  F.   M.   Buck. 


TAMWORTH. 

EXHIBITOR. 

Warren    W.    Morton,    Russellville,   Kentucky. 

AWABDS. 

Judge C.  C.  Roup,  Kalona,  Iowa. 

Boar  Tu>o  Years  or  Over — First,  Iowa  Chief,  6968. 

Boar   Eighteen   Months,    Under   Two    Years — First,    Mountain's    Home 
Golden  Star,  9796. 

Boar  Six  Months,   Under  One  Year — First,  Mountain  Home  Hero,  IV, 
9803;    second,   Rosaillen  Chief,   9802. 

Boar    Under    Six    Months — First,    Kentucky    Chief    II,    9812;    second, 
Glenary  Chief,  9813. 

Sow    Two    Years   or   Over — First,    Red    Beauty,    8703;    second,    Maple- 
hurst  Golden  Gleam,  9702. 

Sow  Eighteen  Mmiths,  Under  Two  Years — ^First,  Mountain  Home  Mil- 
dred Queen,  9795. 

Sow  One  Year,  Under  Eighteen  Months — ^First,  Bowery  Belle,  8658. 

Sow  Six  Months,  Under  One  Year — First,  Rosaillon  Queen,  9801;   sec- 
ond, The  Rambler,  9800. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  855 

Sow  Under  Six  Months — First,  Prolific,  9810;   second,  Patsy,  9811. 

Senior  Champion  Boar — Iowa  Chief,  6968. 

Junior  Champion  Boar — Mountain  Home  Hero  4th,   9803. 

Senior  Champion  Sow — Red  Beauty,  8703. 

Junior  Champion  Soiv — Rosaillon  Queen,  9801. 

Grand  Cham/pion  Boar — Iowa  Chief,   6968. 

Grand  Champion  Sow — Red  Beauty,  8703. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows   Over  One  Year — First. 

Boar  and  Three  Sows  Under  One  Year — First. 

Boar  and  Three  Soias  Under  One  Year,  Bred  by  ExhiMtor — First. 

Get  of  Sire — First. 

Produce  of  Soio — First. 

SPECIAL   PRIZE   OFFERED   BY   THE   AMERICAN   TAMWORTH 
RECORD'  ASSOCIATION. 
Boar  and  Three  Sows  Under  One  Year — First. 


SHEEP    DEPARTMENT. 
Superintendent J.  F.  Summers,  Malvern,  la. 

MERINOS,   AMERICAN,    SPANISH   OR   DELAINE. 

EXHIBITORS. 

A.  J.  Blakely,  Grinnell,  Iowa;  F.  W.  Cook,  West  Mansfield,  Ohio; 
S.  Rail  &  Sons,  Birmingham,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge R.  F.  Miller,  Bozeman,  Mont. 

Ram  Two  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  F.  W.  Cook;  second,  S.  Rail  &  Son; 
third,  A.  J.  Blakely. 

Ram  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two — First,  F.  W.  Cook;  second,  A.  J. 
Blakely;   third,  S.  Rail  &  Son. 

Ram  Lamb — First  and  second,  F.  W.  Cook;   third,  S.  Rail  &  Son. 

Ewe  Two  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  A.  J.  Blakely;  second,  F.  W. 
Cook;    third,   S.  Rail  &  Son. 

Ewe  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two — First  and  second,  F.  W.  Cook; 
third,  S.  Rail  &  Son. 

Eive  Lamb— First,  A.  J.  Blakely;  second,  F.  W.  Cook;  third,  S.  Rail 
&  Son.  , 

Champion  Ram,  Any  Age — F.  W.  Cook. 

Champion  Ewe,  Any  Age — ^F.  W.  Cook. 

Get  of  Sire—F.  W.  Cook;  second,  S.  Rail  &  Son;   third,  A.  J.  Blakely. 

F?ocfc— First,  F,  W.  Cook;  second,  A-  -J.  Bjlakely;  thir^,  S.  Rail  ^  Son, 


856  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

IOWA  SPECIALS. 

Ram  Two  Years  Old  or  Over— First,  A.  J.  Blakely;  second  and  third, 
S.  Rail  &   Son. 

Ram  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two— First,  A.  J.  Blakely;  second  and 
third,  S.  Rail  &  Son. 

Ram  Law 6— First  and  second,   S.  Rail  &  Son;    third,  A.  J.  Blakely. 

Eiue  Two  Years  Old  or  Over — First  and  second,  S.  Rail  &  Son. 

Eive  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Ttw— First  and  second,  S.  Rail  &  Son; 
third,  A.  J.  Blakely. 

Ewe  La w?-6— First  and  second,  S.  Rail  &  Son;    third,  A.  J.  Blakely. 

Gfiam^pioti   Ram,   Any   Age — A.    J.    Blakely. 

Champion  Etve,  Any  Age — S.  Rail  &  Son. 

Get  of  /Sfire— First,  S.  Rail  &  Son;   second,  A.  J.  Blakely. 

Flock — First,  A.  J.  Blakely;    second,   S.  Rail  &  Son. 


RAMBOUILLET. 

EXHIBITORS. 

P.  W.  Cook,  West  Mansfield,  Ohio;  F.  S.  King  Bros.  Company,  Lara- 
mie,  Wyo.;    J.  K.   Scott  &  Co.,  Mt.   Sterling,   Ohio. 

AWARDS. 

Judge R.  F.  Miller,  Bozeman,  Mont. 

Ram  TiDo  Years  Old  or  Oi;er— First,  Wyoming  Boy,  FSK  195,  52084, 
P.  S.  King  Bros.  Co.;  second.  King's  Chief,  68244,  P.  S.  King  Bros. 
Co.;  third,  P.  W.  Cook. 

Ram  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two — First,  and  third.  F.  W.  Cook; 
second.   Dandy,    64625,   P.    S.  King  Bros.   Co. 

Ram  Lam6— First,  Jack,  68248,  P.  S.  King  Bros.  Co.;  second,  J.  K. 
Scott  &  Co.;   third,  P.  W.  Cook. 

Ewe  Two  Years  Old  or  Over— First,  Lady  Betty,  57816,  P.  S.  King 
Bros.  Co.;   second,  Jean,  59716,  P.  S.  King  Bros.  Co.;   third,  P.  W.  Cook. 

Eioe  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Tido— 'First,  P.  S.  K.,  464,  64621,  P.  S. 
King  Bros.  Co.;  second,  J.  K.  Scott  &  Co.;  third,  P.  S.  K.,  441,  64618, 
P.  W.  King  Bros.   Co. 

Eioe  Laws- First  and  third,  P.  W.  Cook;  second,  P.  S.  K.,  866,  68243, 
P.   S.   King  Bros.   Co. 

Champion  Ram,  Any  Age — King  Bros. 

Champion  Ewe,  Any  Age — King  Bros. 

Get  of  ;Sire— First,  P.  S.  King  Bros.  Co.;  second,  P.  W.  Cook;  third, 
J.  K.   Scott  &  Co. 

l^ZocTc— First,  P.  S.  King  Bros.  Co.;  second,  P.  W.  Cook;  third,  J.  K. 
Scott   &  Co. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  857 

COTSWOLD. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Alex   W.    Arnold,    Galesville,   Wis.;    F.   W.    Harding,   Waukesha,   Wis.; 
Lewis  Bros.,   Camp  Point,   Illinois;    Joy  Lewis,   Camp  Point,   111. 

AWARDS. 

Judge r.  f.  Miller,  Bozeman,  Mont. 

Ram  Two  Years  Old  or  Over— First  and  second,  F.  W.  Harding. 

Ram  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two- First,  and  second,  F.  W.  Harding. 

Ram  Lamb — First  and  second,   F.  W.   Harding. 

Ewe  Two  Years  Old  or  Oyer— First  and  second,  F.  W.  Harding. 

Ewe  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two— First  and  second,  F.  W.  Harding. 

Ewe  Laml — First  and  second,   F.  W.   Harding. 

ChaTnpion  Ram,   Any  Age — F.  W.   Harding. 

Champion  Ewe,  Any  Age — F.  W.  Harding, 

Get  of  ^ire— First,  F.  W.  Harding. 

Flock— F.   W.   Harding. 


LINCOLN. 


exhibitor. 
Alex  W.  Arnold,  Galesville,  Wis. 

AWARDS. 

Judge ,  ^ R.  f.  Miller,  Bozeman,  Mont. 

Ram  Two  Years  or  Over — First  and  second. 

Ram  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two — First  and  second. 

Ram  Lamt — First  and   second. 

Ewe  Two  Years  Old  or  Over — First  and  second. 

Ewe  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Ttoo- First  and  second. 

Ewe  Lamh — First  and   second. 

Champion  Ram,  Any  Age — First. 

Champion  Ewe,   Any  Age — First. 

Get  of  /Sire— First. 

FZoc/c- First. 


HAMPSHIRE  DOWNS. 
exhibitors. 


Alex    W.    Arnold,    Galesville,    Wisconsin;    George    McKerrow    &    Sons 
Co.,  Pewaukee,  Wisconsin;    Walnut  Hall  Farm,   Donerail,  Kentucky. 


ft58  iOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

AWARDS. 

Judge J.  C.  Duncan,  Lewiston,  N.  Y. 

Ram  Two  Years  Old  or  Over— First,  Harkness,  11389,  Walnut  Hall 
Farm;  second,  Alex  W.  Arnold;  third,  Harkness,  11499,  Walnut  Hall 
Farm. 

Ram  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Tioo — First,  Harkness,  11305,  Walnut 
Hall  Farm;  second,  Cholderton,  2226,  11697,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.; 
third,   Harkness,   11406,  Walnut  Hall   Farm;    fourth,   Alex  W.   Arnold. 

Ram  Lamb — First,  Harkness,  12813,  Walnut  Hall  Farm;  second,  Hark- 
ness, 12709,  Walnut  Hall  Farm;   third,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Ewe  Two  Years  Old  or  Over— First,  Harkness,  344,  25777,  Walnut  Hall 
Farm;  second,  Cholderton,  800,  28059,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  third, 
Dogdear,  2526,  24400,  Walnut  Hall  Farm;  fourth.  Bowery  Lady,  2235, 
28062,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co. 

Ewe  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Ttvo — First,  Harkness,  30527,  Walnut 
Hall  Farm;  second,  Harkness,  30542,  Walnut  Hall  Farm;  third,  Sutton, 
28064,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;   fourth,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Ewe  Lamb — First,  Walnut  Hall  Farm;  second,  Walnut  Hall  Farm; 
third,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;   fourth,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Champion  Ram,  Any  Age — Walnut  Hall  Farm. 

Champion  Ewe,  Any  Age — Walnut  Hall  Farm. 

Get  of  Sire — First,  Walnut  Hall  Farm;   second,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Flock — First,  Walnut  Hall  Farm;  second,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.; 
third,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 


SHROPSHIRES. 


EXHIBITORS. 


E.  L.  Bitterman,  Mason  City,  Iowa;  C.  C.  Croxen,  Atalissa,  Iowa; 
Chandler  Bros.,  Chariton,  Iowa;  Harry  Eddingfield,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa; 
J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son,  Springdale,  Iowa;  F.  W.  Harding,  Waukesha,  Wis.; 
Harris  Logan  &  Sons,  Hillsboro,  Iowa;  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co., 
Pewaukee,  Wis.;  0.  S.  Peasley  &  Sons,  Indianola,  Iowa;  R.  &  W.  Postle, 
Camp  Chase,  Ohio;  J.  A.  Taylor,  Ames,  Iowa;  W.  A.  Taylor  &  Son,  Ames, 
Iowa;   C.  J.  Wilkinson,  Colfax,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Judge J.  C.  Duncan,  Lewiston,  N.  Y. 

Ram  Two  Years  or  Over — First,  McKerrow's  Duke,  72,  344156,  Geo. 
McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  second.  The  Conqueror,  343936,  Geo.  McKerrow  & 
Sons  Co.;  third.  Shield's  283,  278624,  R.  &  W.  Postle;  fourth,  Maple  Grove 
Prosperity,  322041,  W.  A.  Taylor  &  Son;  fifth,  Maple  Grove  Swell,  322039, 
W.  A.  Taylor  &  Son. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII 


859 


Ram  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two — First,  McK's  Prince  Imperial, 
361689,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  second,  F.  W.  Harding;  third,  McK's 
Better  Yet,  344654,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  fourth,  Fawcett's  266, 
362384,  J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son;  fifth.  Maple  Grove  Governor,  342441,  W.  A. 
Taylor  &  Son. 

Ram  Lamb — First,  East  View's  Shannak,  360850,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  sec- 
ond, McKerrow's  2636,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  third,  F.  W.  Harding; 
fourth,  W.  A.  Taylor;    fifth,  O.  H.  Peasley  &  Son. 

Ewe  Tico  Years  Old  or  Over— First,  Buttar's  627,  345314,  Geo.  McKer- 
row &  Sons  Co.;  second,  McK's  Milnes  72,  343908,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons 
Co.;  third,  McKerrow's  1950,  322888,  R.  &  W.  Postle;  fourth,  F.  W.  Hard- 
ing;  fifth,  Fawcett's  234,  322419,  J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son. 

Ewe  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two — First,  McKerrow's  2310,  344658, 
Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  second,  Mrs.  Inge's  36,  343916,  Geo.  McKerrow 
&  Sons  Co.;  third,  F.  W.  Harding;  fourth,  Campbell,  1882-,  361432,  R. 
&  V/.  Postle;    fifth,  Fawcett's  251,  350250,  J.   S.  Fawcett  &  Son. 


CHAMPION  SHROPSHIRE  EWE 
Iowa  State  Fair,  1912 


860  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Ewe  Laml) — First,  East  View's  Dow's,  360847,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  sec- 
ond, East  View's  Dimple,  360846,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  third,  McKerrow's, 
2670,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  fourtli,  F.  W.  Harding;  fifth,  R.  &  W. 
Postle.  ^ 

Champion  Ram,  Any  Age — Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co. 
Champion  Ewe  Any  Age — Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co. 

Get  of  Sire — First,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  second,  F.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son;  third, 
W.  A.  Taylor  &  Son;   fourth,  0.  H.  Peasley. 

Flock — ^First,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  second,  R.  &  W.  Postle; 
third,  F.  W.  Harding;  fourth,  W.  A.  Taylor  &  Son. 

IOWA   SHROPSHIRE   SPECIALS. 

Ram  Two  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  Maple  Grove  Prosperity,  322041,  W. 
A.  Taylor;  second,  East  View's  Coupon,  342417,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  third, 
O.  H.  Peasley  &  Son;  fourth,  East  View's  Such,  342414,  E.  L.  Bitterman; 
fifth,  Eddingfield  34,  357955,  Harry  Eddingfield. 

Ram  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Tioo — First,  Eddingfield  54,  361470, 
Harry  A.  Eddingfield;  second,  Fawcett's  243  368324,  J.  S.  Fawcett  & 
Son;  third,  East  View's  Duke,  342403,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  fourth,  East 
View's  Knight,  342832,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  fifth,  Fawcett's  265,  343053, 
J.    S.   Fawcett  &   Son. 

Ram  Lamh — First,  W.  A.  Taylor  &  Son;  second,  Eddingfield,  103, 
361475,  Harry  Eddingfield;  third,  0.  H.  Peasley  &  Son;  fourth,  J.  S. 
Fawcett  &  Sons;   fifth,  East  View's  Mark,  360851,  E.  L.  Bitterman. 

Ewe  Two  Years  Old  or  Over— First,  Fawcett's,  234,  322419,  J.  S.  Faw- 
cett &  Son;  second.  East  View's,  440,  347972,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  third, 
O.  H.  Peasley  &  Son;  fourth,  Maple  Grove  9th,  298814,  W.  A.  Taylor 
&  Son;    fifth,  O.  H.  Peasley  &  Son. 

Eive  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two— First,  Eddingfield  51,  361468,  Harry 
Eddingfield;  second.  East  View's  512,  360854,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  third, 
Fawcett's  251,  362381,  J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son;  fourth,  Fawcett's  253,  362382, 
J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son;   fifth,  Harris  M.  Logan  &  Son. 

Eioe  Lamh — First,  East  View's  Dimple,  360846,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  second, 
and  fourth,  J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son;  third.  East  View's  Dew  Drop,  360848, 
E.  L.  Bitterman;  fifth,  Eddingfield  100,  361472,  Harry  A.  Eddingfield. 

Champion  Ram,  Any  Age — Harry  A.  Eddingfield. 

Champion  Eioe,  Any  Age — E.  L.  Bitterman. 

Get  of  Sire — First,  J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son;  second,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  third, 
W.  A,  Taylor  &  Son;    fourth,  0.  H.  Peasley  &  Sons. 

Flock — First,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  second,  J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son;  third, 
Harry  A.  Eddingfield;   fourth,  O.  H.  Peasley  &  Sons. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  861 

SPECIALS  OFFERED  BY  THE  AMERICAN  SHROPSHIRE  REGISTRY 

ASSOCIATION. 

Ram  Two  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  Maple  Grove  Prosperity,  322041, 
W.  A.  Taylor  &  Son;  second.  East  View's  Coupon,  342417,  E.  L.  Bitter- 
man;   third,  O.  H.  Peasley  &  Son. 

Ram  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two— First,  Fawcett's  266,  362384,  J.  S. 
Fawcett  &  Son;  second,  Eddingfield  59,  361470,  Harry  Eddingfield;  third, 
East  View's  9th,  342832,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  fourth,  Maple  Grove  Governor, 
342441,  W.  A.  Taylor  &   Son. 

Ram  Laml) — First,  East  View's  Shamrock,  360850,  E.  L.  Bitterman; 
second,  W.  A.  Taylor  &  Son;  third,  J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son;  fourth,  J.  A. 
Taylor. 

Ewe  Two  Years  Old  or  Over— First,  Fawcett's  234,  322419,  J.  S.  Fawcett 
&  Son;   second,  and  third,  0.  H.  Peasley  &  Son. 

Ewe  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two— First,  Eddingfield  51,  361468,  H. 
D.  Eddingfield;  second,  361403,  H.  M.  Logan  &  Son;  third,  East  View's 
512,  360854,  E.  L.  Bitterman. 

Eioe  Lamd — First  and  second,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  third,  J.  S.  Fawcett 
&  Son. 

Champion  Ram  Any  Age — East  View's    Shamrock,   360850. 

Champion  Etoe  Any  Age — E.  L.  Bitterman. 

Get  of  Sire — First,  E.  L.  Bitterman;  second,  J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son; 
third,  W.  A.  Taylor  &  Son;    fourth,  O.  H.  Peasley  &  Son. 

Flock — First,  E,  L.  Bitterman;  second,  J.  S.  Fawcett  &  Son;  third, 
W.  A.  Taylor  &  Son. 


OXFORD   DOWNS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

C.  C.  Croxen,  Atalissa,  Iowa;  John  Graham  &  Son,  Eldora,  Iowa; 
C.  S.  Hechtner,  Chariton,  Iowa;  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.,  Pewaukee, 
Wisconsin. 

AWARDS. 

Judge J.  C.  Duncan,  Lewiston,  N.  Y. 

Ram  Two  Years  Old  or  Over— First,  Cowley  U.  S.  A.  1st,  53726,  Geo. 
McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  second,  Cowley  U.  S.  A.  14th,  58542,  Geo.  Mc- 
Kerrow &  Sons  Co.;  third  and  fourth,  C.  S.  Hechtner. 

Ram  One  Yeai-  Old  and  Under  Tioo — First,  McK's  Jeffrey  44,  58593, 
Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  second,  McK's  Masterpiece,  Geo.  McKerrow 
&  Sons  Co.;    third,  C.   S.  Hechtner;    fourth,  C.   C.   Croxen. 

Ram  LamJ) — First,  McKerrow's  2638,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.; 
second  and  third,  C.  C.  Croxen;   fourth,  John  Graham  &  Son. 

Ewe  Tivo  Year  Old  or  Over — First,  McKerrow's  1910,  54486,  Geo.  Mc- 
Kerrow &  Sons  Co.;  second,  C.  S.  Hechtner;  third,  McK's  Heroine,  58641, 
Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;   fourth,  C.  C.  Croxen. 


862  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Ewe  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two — First,  Adam's  141  of  1911,  58553, 
Geo,  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  second,  Wadley  Lady  79,  58436,  Geo.  Mc- 
Kerrow  &  Sons  Co.;    third,  C.  S.  Hechtner;    fourth,  C.  C.  Croxen. 

Ewe  Lamh — First,  McKerrow's  2640,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  sec- 
ond, and  third,  Jno.  Graham  &  Son;   fourth,  C.  C.  Croxen. 

Champion  Ram  Any  Age — Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Go. 

Champion  Ewe  Any  Age — Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co. 

Get  of  Sire — ^First,  C.  C.  Croxen;   second,  Jno.  Graham  &  Son. 

Flock — First,  Geo.  McKerrow  &  Sons  Co.;  second,  C.  S.  Hechtner; 
third,  C.  C.  Croxen;   fourth,  Jno.  Graham  &  Son. 

IOWA   OXFORD    SPECIALS. 

Ram  Two  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  C.  S.  Hechtner;  second,  C.  C. 
Croxen;    third  and   fourth,   Jno.   Graham   &   Son. 

Ram  One  Year  and  Under  Two — First,  C.  S.  Hechtner;  second  and 
fourth,   C.   C.   Croxen;    third,   Jno.   Graham  &   Son. 

Ram,  Lamt — First  and  second,  C.  C.  Croxen;  third  and  fourth,  Jno. 
Graham  &  Son. 

Ewe  Two  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  C.  S.  Hechtner;  second  and  fourth, 
C.  C.  Croxen;   third  and  fifth,  Jno.  Graham  &  Son. 

Ewe  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two — First,  C.  S.  Hechtner;  second  and 
third,  C.  C.  Croxen;    fourth,  Jno.  Graham  &  Son. 

Ewe  LamT) — First  and  second,  Jno.  Graham  &  Son;  third,  C.  C.  Croxen; 
fourth,  C.  S.  Hechtner. 

Champion  Ram,  Any  Age — C.  S.  Hechtner. 
Champion  Eioe,  Any  Age — C.  S.  Hechtner. 
Get  of  Sire — First,  Jno.  Graham  &  Son;    second,  C.  C.  Croxen. 

Flock — First,  C.  S.  Hechtner;  second,  C.  C.  Croxen;  third,  Jno.  Graham 
&   Son. 


SOUTH  DOWN. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Alex  W.  Arnold,  Galesville,  Wisconsin;  T.  D.  Postle,  Camp  Chase,  Ohio. 

AWARDS. 

Judge J.  C.  Duncan,  Lewistou,  N.  Y. 

Ram  Two  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  Alex  W.  Arnold;  second,  Leet  526, 
24923,  T.  D.  Postle. 

Ram  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two — First,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Ram  Lamt — First,  Broadway,  28983,  T.  D.  Postle;   second  and  fourth, 
Alex  W.  Arnold;   third.  Twister,  28998,  T,  D.  Postle. 


^THIRTEENTH  AN^fUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  863 

Five   Two   Yewrs   Old  or   Ove?-— First,   Angle   R.,   26259,   T.   D.   Postle; 
second,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Ewe  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two — First,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

En>e  Lamb — First   and   third,   Alex   Arnold;    second,   May   Day,   28999, 
T.  D.  Postle;    fourth,  Queene,   29000,   T.   D.   Postle. 

Champion  Ram   Any  Age — First  Broadway,   28983,  T.   D.   Postle. 
Champion  Ewe  Any  Age — T.  D.  Postle. 

Get  of  Sire — First,  T.  D.  Postle;   second,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 
Flock — First,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 


DORSET. 

EXHIBITORS. 


Alex   W.    Arnold,    Galesville,    Wisconsin;    F.    W.    Harding,    Waukesha, 
Wisconsin;    Nash  Bros.,  Tipton,  Indiana. 

AWARDS. 

Judge R.  F.  Miller,  Bozeman,  Mont. 

Ram  Two  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Ram  Lamb — First,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Ewe  Two  Years  Old  or  Over — First,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Ewe  One  Year  Old  and  Under  Two — First,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Ewe  Lamb — First,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Champion  Ram,  Any  Age — First,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Champion  Ewe,  Any  Age — First,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 

Flock — First,  Alex  W.  Arnold. 


CHEVIOT. 

EXHIBITORS. 

G.  W.  Parnell,  Wingate,  Indiana;   R.  &  W.  Postle,  Camp  Chase,  Ohio. 

AWARDS. 

Judge R.  F.  Miller,  Bozeman,  Mont. 

Ram  Two  Years  Old  or  Over— First,  Marion,  6742,  R.  &  W.  Postle. 
Ram  One   Year   Old  and   Under   Two — First,   White   Stock's   Defender, 
7064,  R.  &  W.  Postle;  second,  Harrigan,  7140,  R.  &  W.  Postle. 

Ram  Lamb — First  and  second,  R.  &  W.  Postle. 

Ewe  Two  Years  Old  or  Over— First,  Polly,  6562,  R.  &  W.  Postle;  second, 
R.  &  W.  Postle. 

Ewe  One  Year  Old  and  Under   Two— First,  My  Lady,  7066,  R.  &.  W. 
Postle;   second,  R.  &  W.  Postle. 


864  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Etoe  Laml) — First  and  second,  R.  &  W.  Postle. 

Champion   Ram   Any   Age — White    Stock's    Defender,    7064,    R.    &    W.- 
Postle. 

Champion  Ewe  Any  Age — My  Lady,  7066,  R.  &  W.  Postle. 
Get  of  Sire— First,  R.  &  W.  Postle. 
Flock—First,  R.  &  W.  Postle. 


POULTRY  DEPARTMENT. 
SuPEBiNTENDENT JoHN  F.   SUMMERS,  Malvern,   Iowa. 

AMERICANS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

C.  S.  Adams,  Packwood,  Iowa;  Mrs.  Jesse  Alexander,  Altoona,  Iowa; 
A.  L.  Anderson,  Indianola,  Iowa;  Mrs.  N.  B.  Ashby,  Des  Moines,  Iowa; 
J.  Ross  Bachman,  Blakesburg;  C.  A.  Barquist,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Wm. 
Beatty,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Oscar  L.  Bock,  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa;  J.  W. 
Booth,  Osceola,  Iowa;  Mrs.  H.  I.  Branson,  West  Branch,  Iowa;  J.  M. 
Brow^n,  St.  Charles,  Iowa;  W.  E,  Buren  &  Son,  Leland,  Iowa;  Harry  E. 
Burgess,  Osceola,  Iowa;  W.  J.  Campbell,  Jesup,  Iowa;  Dr.  L.  D,  Car- 
penter, Indianola,  Iowa;  J.  W.  Clark,  Scranton,  Iowa;  Wib  F.  Clements, 
Agency;  M.  L.  Dudley,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Dunn  Bros.,  Winterset,  Iowa; 
Hanson's  Poultry  Farm,  Dean,  Iowa;  J.  F.  Harsh,  New  Virginia,  Iowa; 
Peter  Hove,  Stanhope,  Iowa;  C.  W.  Howell,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Joe 
Johnson,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Mrs.  A.  H.  Ketchum,  Des  Moines,  Iowa; 
Wm.  J.  Lockhart,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  J.  R.  McDonald,  Des  Moines,  Iowa; 
Wm.  McMichael,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Beatrice  Mansfield,  Altoona,  Iowa; 
Ernest  Massey,  Mystic,  Iowa;  M.  C.  Miller,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Thos.  L. 
Morlan,  Indianola,  Iowa;  O'Donnell  Poultry  Farm,  Valley  Junction,  Iowa; 
S.  R.  Patterson,  Centerville,  Iowa;  C.  H.  Peverill,  Waterloo,  Iowa;  C. 
D.  Porter,  Altoona,  Iowa;  S.  A.  Power  &  Son,  Fairfield,  Iowa;  C.  O. 
Preston,  Emerson,  Nebraska;  Elliott  Purmort,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  C.  W. 
Reeder,  Leon,  Iowa;  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son,  Ottumwa,  Iowa;  D.  W.  Rich, 
Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa;  T.  L.  Ricksecker,  Rosedale,  Kansas;  R.  B.  Rowe, 
Indianola,  Iowa;  J.  C.  Sandmeier,  Waukee,  Iowa;  Schuster  Bros.,  Des 
Moines,  Iowa;  N.  I.  Seibert,  Indianola,  Iowa;  Julius  Sinn,  Williamsburg, 
Iowa;  Anthony  Stocker,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  C.  &  C.  T.  Van  Lint,  Bella, 
Iowa;  Wm.  F.  Volz,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa;  Amos  Vogt,  Waterloo,  Iowa; 
A.  M.  Walrath,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  V.  G.  Warner,  Bloomfield,  Iowa;  J.  M. 
Williamson,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

A^VARDS. 

Judge F.  H.  Shellabarger,  West  Liberty,  Iowa. 

Judge W.  S,  Russei^l.  Ottumwa,  Iowa. 

Barred  Plymouth  Rock  Cock — First  (1),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;  sec- 
ond   (51),  J.  L.  Todd;    third    (20),  Wm.  McMichael. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      865 

Barred   Plymouth   Rock    Cockerel — First    (95),    C.    S.    Adams;    second 
(252),  J.  F.  Harsh;  third  (4),  Mrs.  H.  I.  Branson. 

Barred  Plymouth  Rock  Hen — First    (380),  J.  F.  Harsh;    second    (14), 
Mrs.  H,  I.  Branson;   third   (3),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 

Barred  Plymouth  Rock  Pullet — First   (3),  Mrs.  H.  I.  Branson;   second 
(a9209),  Amos  Vogt;    third    (2),  Mrs.   H.   I.  Branson. 

White  Plymouth  Rock  Cocfc— First    (100),  C.   O.  Preston. 

White  Plymouth  Rock   Cockerel — First    (962),   M.    L.   Dudley;    second 

(a9257),  C.  H.  Peverill;    third    (961),  M.  L.  Dudley. 
White  Plymouth  Rock  Hen— First   (7),  C.  H.  Peverill. 

White   Plymouth   Rock   Pullet — First    (963),    M.    L.     Dudley;      second 
(a9293),  C.  H.  Peverill;  third  (a9286),  C.  H.  Peverill. 

Buff  Plymouth  Rock  Cock— First  (1),  Wm.  J.  Lockhart;   second   (321), 
Peter  Hove;   third   (67),  J.  Ross  Baehman. 

Buff  Plymouth  Rock  Cockerel — First    (29),  J.  Ross  Baehman;    second 
(27),  C.  &  C.  T.  Van  Lint;   third    (45),  Peter  Hove. 

Buff  Plymouth  Rock  Hen — First  (5),  Peter  Hove;   second   (4),  Wm.  J. 
LfOckhart;    third    (69),  J.   Ross   Baehman. 

Buff  Plymouth  Rock  Pullet— First   (47),  C.  &  C.  T.  Van  Lint;   second 
(30),  J.  Ross  Baehman;  third   (32),  C.  &  C.  T.  Van  Lint. 

Partridge   Plymouth   Rock   Cock — First    (133),    C.   W.   Reeder;    second 
(42),  Harry  E.  Burgess. 

Partridge  Plymouth  Rock   Cockerel — First'  (80),    Schuster   Bros.;    sec- 
ond  (146),  C.  W.  Reeder;    third    (56),  Schuster  Bros. 

Partridge  Plymouth  Rock  Hen — First  (150),  C.  W.  Reeder;  second  (91), 
Mrs.   Jesse  Alexander;    third    (93),   Mrs.   Jesse  Alexander. 

Partridge  Plymouth  Rock  Pullet — First   (245),  Schuster  Bros.;    seconfl 
(95),  Mrs.  Jesse  Alexander;    third    (97),  Mrs.  Jesse  Alexander 

mver  Wyandotte  Cock— First    (1199),  V.   G.  Warner;    second    (1156), 
V.  G.  Warner;   third    (100),  Joe  Johnson. 

Silver  Wyandotte  Cockerel — First  (312),  J.  R.  McDonald;  second  (1001), 
V.  G.  Warner;  third   (332),  J.  R.  McDonald. 

mver   Wyandotte  Hen— First    (1026),   V.   G.   Warner;    second    (1027), 
V.  G.  Warner;  third   (364),  J.  R.  McDonald. 

Silver  Wyandotte  Pullet— First    (231),  V.   G.  Warner;    second    (1140), 
V.  G.  Warner;   third   (374),  J.  R.  McDonald. 

Golden  Wyandoite  Cock — First   (76),  J.  W.  Booth;    second   (8),  Julius 
Sinn;   third   (18),  Julius  Sinn. 

Golden  Wyandotte  Cockerel — First  (3544c),  J.  W.  Booth;   second   (94), 
Julius  Sinn;  third  (54),  Julius  Sinn, 

55 


866  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Golden  Wyandotte  Hen— First  (22),  J.  W.  Booth;   second   (49),  Julius 
Sinn;   third    (2),  J.  L.  Todd. 

Golden  Wyandotte  Pullet— First    (1640a),   J.   W.   Booth;    second    (88), 
Julius  Sinn;   third   (93),  Julius  Sinn. 

White    Wyandotte    Cock — First    (26),    Oscar    L.    Bock;    second    (13e), 
Ernest  Massey;   third   (1),  Anthony  Stocker. 

White  Wyandotte  Cockerel — First  (1),  Mrs.  N.  B.  Ashby;  second   (10), 
Dr.  L.  D.  Carpenter;   third  (8),  Dr.  L.  D.  Carpenter. 

White  Wyandotte  Hen — First   (20),  Dr.  L.  D.  Carpenter;   second   (18), 
Dr.  L.  D.  Carpenter;   third   (86),  C.  D.  Porter. 

White  Wyandotte  Pullet — First   (80),  Beatrice  Mansfield;   second    (85), 
Dr.  L.  D.  Carpenter;   third    (83),  Beatrice  Mansfield. 

Bu-ff  Wyandotte  Cock — First    (205),   S.  A.  Power  &  Son;    second    (21), 
R.   B.   Rowe;    third    (1167),   V.   G.   Warner. 

Buff  Wyandotte  Cockerel— First  (80),  S.  A.  Power  &  Son;  second  (203), 
V.  G.  Warner;  third-  (244),  S.  A.  Power  &  Son. 

Buff  Wyandotte  Hen— First   (11),  R.   B.   Rowe;    second    (1851),   S.   A. 
Power  &  Son;   third   (269),  V.  G.  Warner. 

Buff   Wyandotte   Pullet— First    (80),    Thos.    L.    Morlan;    second    (32), 
R.  B.  Rowe;    third    (12),  R.  B.  Rowe. 

Partridge  Wyandotte   Cock — First    (240),   S.   A.   Power  &   Son;    second 
(170),  V.  G.  Warner;  third  (56),  Thos.  L.  Morlan. 

Partridge  Wyandotte  Cockerel — First  (169),  V.  G.  Warner;  second  (50), 
Thos.  L.  Morlan. 

Partridge  Wyandotte  Hen — First  (19),  S.  A.  Power  &  Son;  second  (239), 
S.  A.  Power  &  Son;    third    (22),  Thos.  L.  Morlan. 

Partridge  Wyandotte  Pullet— First   (152),  V.  G.  Warner;    second    (29), 
Thos.  L.  Morlan;    third    (38),   Thos.   L.  Morlan. 

Silver  Penciled  Wyandotte  Cock — First    (230),  V.   G.  Warner;    second 
(1181),  V.  G.  Warner. 

Silver  Penciled  Wyandotte  Cockerel — First  (202),  V.  G.  Warner. 

Silver  Penciled  Wyandotte  Hen — First    (214),   V.    G.   Warner;    second 
(263),  V.  G.  Warner. 

Silver  Penciled  Wyandotte  Pullet — First   (209),  V.  G.  Warner;   second 
(213),  V.  G.  Warner;   third   (218),  V.  G.  Warner. 

ColumUan  Wyandotte  Cock — First  (268),  C.  A.  Barquist;  second,  Han- 
sons Poultry  Farm. 

Columbian   Wyandotte   Cockerel — First    (269),   C.   A.   Barquist;    second 
(270),  C.  A.  Barquist;    third   (271),  C.  A.  Barquist. 

Columbian    Wyandotte    Hen — First,    Hansons    Poultry    Farm;     second, 
Hansons  Poultry  Farm;   third   (11),  A.  M.  Walrath. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII      867 

GolumMan  Wyandotte  Pullet — First  (274),  C.  A.  Barquist;  second  (273), 
C.  A.  Barquist;  third  (917),  W.  Beatty. 

Blaek   Java  Hen — First,    Hansons    Poultry    Farm;    second    (5),    F.    L. 
Reinhard   &   Son. 

Single  Comb  Rhode  Island  Red  Coek — First   (362),  T.  L.  Ricksecker; 
second   (34),  W.  E.  Buren  &  Son;   third    (373),  T.  L.  Ricksecker. 

Single    Comb    Rhode   Island  Red   Cockerel — First    (392),    T.    L.    Rick- 
secker;  second   (395),  T.  L.  Ricksecker;   third   (35),  N.  I.  Seibert. 

Single  Comb  Rhode  Island  Red  Hen — First   (349),  T.  L.  Ricksecker; 
second   (312),  T.  L.  Ricksecker;   third   (305),  T.  L.  Ricksecker. 

Single  Comb  Rhode  Island  Red  Pullet — First   (301),  T.  L.  Ricksecker; 
second    (24),  J.   C.   Sandmier;    third    (304),  T.  L.   Ricksecker. 

Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Red  Cock — First  (116),  Wm.  F.  Volz;  second 
(5),  D.  W.  Rich;    third    (133),  Wm.  F.  Volz. 

Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Red  Cocker-el — First    (275),   C.  W.  Howell; 
second    (47),  D.  W.  Rich;   third    (43),  D.  W.  Rich. 

Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Red  Hen — First   (69),  Wm.  F.  Volz;   second 
(40),  Wm.   F.   Volz;    third    (57),  Wib  F.   Clements. 

Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Red  Pullet — First   (94),  C.  W.  Howell;   sec- 
ond   {^^),   C.  W.  Howell;    third    (5196),   D.  W.  Rich. 


ASIATICS. 

EXHIBITORS. 


A.  L.  Anderson,  Indianola,  Iowa;  Wib.  F.  Clements,  Agency,  Iowa; 
Arthur  Dearinger,  Reasnor,  Iowa;  Hansons  Poultry  Farm,  Dean,  Iowa; 
Weir  Hart,  Bondurant,  Iowa;  Frank  Johnson,  Monroe,  Iowa;  R.  A. 
Lundberg,  Altoona,  Iowa;  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son,  Ottumwa,  Iowa;  R.  E. 
West,  Altoona,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Light  Brahma  Cock — First  (11),  P.  L,  Reinhard  &  Son;  second  (53), 
R.  E.  West;   third   (45),  Weir  Hart. 

Light  Brahma  Cockerel — First  (70),  Frank  Johnson;  second  (72), 
Frank  Johnson;   third    (68),  A.  L.  Anderson. 

Light  Brahma  Hen — First  (17),  Weir  Hart;  second  (74),  Prank  John- 
son;   third    (28),  Weir  Hart. 

Light  Brahma  Pullet — First  (26),  A.  L.  Anderson;  second  (75),  Prank 
Johnson;  third   (76),  Prank  Johnson. 

Buff  Cochin  Cock — First  (12),  P.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;  second  (77), 
R.  E.  West. 

Buff  Cochin  Cockerel — First  (13),  P.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;  second  (67), 
R.  E.  West;  third  (14),  P.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 


868  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Buff  Cochin  JTe?i— First  (24),  R.  E.  West;  second  (69),  F.  L.  Reinhard 
&  Son;   third   (59),  R.  E.  West. 

BujJ  Cochin  Pullet— First   (76),  R.  E.  West;   second   (97),  R.  E.  West. 

Partridge    Cochin    Cocfc— First    (21),    R.    E.    West;    second    (58),    Wib 
F,    Clements. 

Partridge  Cochin  Cockerel — First   (65),  R.  A.  Lundberg;    second    (97), 

R.  A.  Lundberg;   third   (52),  R.  E.  West. 
Partridge  Cochin  Hen— First    (83),  R.   E.  West;    second    (84),  Wib  F. 

Clements;   third   (96),  R.  E.  West. 
Partridge  Cochin  Pullet— First   (61),  R.  E.  West. 

Black  Langshan  Cock — First    (76),  Arthur  Dearinger;    second    (5),  R. 
E.  West;  third  (59),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 

Black  Langshan  Cockerel — First  (75),  R.  E.  West;  second  (10),  Arthur 
Dearinger;  third  (85),  Arthur  Dearinger. 

Black  Langshan  Hen — First  (60),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;   second   (99), 
R.  E.  West. 

Black  Langshan  Pullet— First   (92),  R.  E.  West;    second    (79),  Arthur 
Dearinger. 

White  Langshan   Cock— First    (35),   R.    E.   West;    second    (82),   R.   E. 
West. 

White  Langshan  Cockerel — First   (69),  R.  E.  West;   second   (43),  Weir 
Hart;  third  (45),  Weir  Hart. 

White  Langshan  Hen— First  (7),  Weir  Hart;   second   (1),  R.  E.  West; 
third   (19),  R.  E.  West. 

White   Langshan  Pullet — First    (82),   Weir   Hart;    second    (39),   Weir 
Hart;  third   (46),  Weir  Hart. 


MEDITERRANEAN. 

EXHIBITORS. 

W.  Beatty,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  W.  O.  Coon,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Wib 
F.  Clements,  Agency,  Iowa;  Jas.  H.  Jones,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Hanson's 
Poultry  Farm,  Dean,  Iowa;  J.  Russell  Lang,  Brooklyn,  Iowa;  Ellwyn 
Lucas,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Mrs.  C.  P.  Nelson,  Fairfield,  Iowa;  O'Donnell 
Poultry  Farm,  Valley  Junction,  Iowa;  W.  Patterson,  Carlisle,  Iowa;  F. 
L.  Reinhard  &  Son,  Ottumwa,  Iowa;  Schuster  Bros..  Des  Moines,  Iowa; 
Jas.  L.  Stark,  Russell,  Iowa;  Anthony  Stocker,  Des  Moines,  Iowa; 
R.  E.  West,  Altoona,  Iowa;    J.  M.  Williamson,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Single  Comh  Brown  Leghorn  Cock — First   (10),  W.  O.  Coon. 

Single  Comi  Brown  Leghorn  Cockerel — First  (14),  W.  Patterson;  sec- 
ond (22),  W.  Patterson;  third   (18),  W.  Patterson. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  869 

Single  Coml)  Broivn  Leghorn  Hen — First   (16),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son; 
second    (185),  W.   0.  Coon;    third    (20),  W.   Patterson. 

Single  Com!)  Broivn  Leghorn  Pullet — First  (21),  W.  Patterson;  second 
(188),  W.  O.  Coon;    third    (52),  Wib  F.  Clements. 

Rose  Coml)  Broion  Leghorn  Cockerel — First  (51),  Wib  F.  Clements;  sec- 
ond  (45),  Wib  F.  Clements. 

Rose  Comb  Brown  Leghorn  Pullet — First   (46),  Wib  F.  Clements;   sec- 
ond   (81),  Wib  F.  Clements. 

Single  ComTy  White  Leghorn  Cock — First   (23),  Anthony  Stocker;   sec- 
ond  (276),  J.  M.  Williamson;   third   (283),  J.  M.  Williamson. 

Single  Coml)  White  Leghorn  Cockerel — First   (279),  J.  M.  Williamson; 
second   (278),  J.  M.  Williamson;   third   (34),  Jas.  L.  Stark. 

Single  Comb  White  Leghorn  Hen — First   (256),  J.  M.  Williamson;    sec- 
ond  (14),  Jas.  H.  Jones;   third   (122),  Jas.  L.  Stark. 

Single   Comb   White  Leghorn  Pullet — First    (282),   J.   M.   Williamson; 
second    (281),  J.  M.  Williamson;   third    (31),  Jas.  L.  Stark. 

Rose  Comb  White  Leghorn  Cock — First  (132),  Mrs.  C.  P.  Nelson. 

Rose  Coml)   White  Leghorn  Cockerel — First    (99),  Mrs.   C.   P.  Nelson; 
second   (138),  Mrs.  C.  P.  Nelson. 

Rose  Comb  White  Leghorn  Hen — First  (143),  Mrs,  C.  P.  Nelson. 

Rose  Comb  White  Leghorn  Pullet — First   (93),  Mrs.  C.  P.  Nelson;   sec- 
ond   (31),  Mrs.  C.  P.  Nelson. 

Single   Comb   Buff  Leghorn   Cock — First    (60),   Ellwyn   Lucas;    second 
(61),  Ellwyn  Lucas;   third,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Single  Co7nb  Buff  Leghorn  Cockerel — First   (14),  Ellwyn  Lucas. 

Single   Comb   Buff   Leghorn   Hen — First    (51),    Ellwyn   Lucas;    second 
(52),  Ellwyn  Lucas;   third,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Single  Comb  Buff  Leghorn  Pullet — First    (54),  Ellwyn  Lucas;    second 
(55),  Ellwyn  Lucas;   third   (53),  Ellwyn  Lucas. 

Single  Comb  Black  Leghorn  Cockerel — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm; 
second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;    third,   Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Single  Comb  Black  Leghorn  Pullet — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;  sec- 
ond, Hanson's  Poultry  Farm, 

Silver  Duckwing  Leghorn  Hen — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Single    Comb    Black    Minorca   Hen — First    (8),    R,    E.    West;    second, 
Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;    third,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Single  Comb  Black  Minorca  Cock — First  (17),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 

Single  Comb.  White  Minorca  Cock — First   (10),  Schuster  Bros. 

Single    Comb    White   Minorca    Cockerel — First    (26),    Schuster    Bros.; 
second    (45),   Schuster  Bros.;    third    (42),   Schuster  Bros. 


870  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Single  Comb  White  Minorca  Hen — First    (36),   Schuster  Bros.;   second 
(85),  Schuster  Bros.;   third    (87),  Schuster  Bros. 

Single   Comb   White  Minorca  Pullet — First    (19),   Schuster  Bros.;    sec- 
ond   (23),    Schuster   Bros.;    third    (20),    Schuster   Bros. 

White  Faced  Black  Spanish  CocZc— First    (18),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 

White  Faced  Black  Spanish  Hen — First    (23),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son; 
second  (31),  R.  E.  West;  third,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Blue  Andalusian  Cock— First   (32),  R.  E.  West;    second    (53),  Wib  F. 
Clements;    third,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm, 

Blue  Andalusian  Cockerel — First   (53),  R.  E.  West;   second   (56),  R.  E. 
West;   third    (82),  Wib  F.  Clements. 

Blue   Andalusian   Hen — First    (68),    O'Donnell    Poultry    Farm;    second 
(52),  Wib  F.   Clements;    third    (11),  Wib  F.   Clements. 

Blue   Andalusian  Pullet— First    (55),   Wib   F.    Clements;    second    (87), 
Wib  F.  Clements;    third    (19),  R.  E.  West. 

Mottled  Ancona  Cock— First   (88),  Wib  F.  Clements;   second   (72),  Wib 
F.  Clements. 

Mottled  Ancona  Cockerel — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;   second   (38), 
R.  E.  West;    third    (53),  Wib  F.  Clements. 

Mottled  Ancona  Hen — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;  second  (11),  Wib 
F.    Clements;    third,    Hanson's    Poultry   Farm. 

Mottled    Ancona    Pullet — First    (55),    R.    E.    West;    second,    Hanson's 
Poultry  Farm;   third,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 


ENGLISH. 

EXHIBITORS. 


Altamont  Poultry  Farm,  Colfax,  Iowa;  A.  L.  Anderson,  Indianola, 
Iowa;  Dr.  S.  L.  Beaver,  Harlan,  Iowa;  Harry  E.  Burgess,  Osceola,  Iowa; 
A.  L.  Chamberlain,  Altoona,  Iowa;  Carl  Dare,  Osceola,  Iowa;  J.  R. 
Gilbert,  Prairie  City,  Iowa;  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm,  Dean,  Iowa;  L.  W. 
Harkins,  Menlo,  Iowa;  Kolburn  Hegna,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  C.  M.  Hummer, 
Keswick,  Iowa;  lowana  Farms,  Davenport,  Iowa;  O'Donnell  Poultry 
Farm,  Valley  Junction,  Iowa;  Luther  R.  Pike,  Missouri  Valley,  Iowa; 
K,  L.  Price,  Missouri  Valley,  Iowa;  C.  W.  Reeder,  Leon,  Iowa;  W.  N. 
Servis,  Garden  Grove,  Iowa;  L.  C.  West,  Dallas  Center,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Rose  Comb  Red  Cap  Cock — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;  second, 
Hanson's   Poultry  Farm, 

Rose  Comb  Red  Cap  Cockerel — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;  second, 
Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XHI      871 

Rose  Comb  Red  Cap  Hen — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;  second,  Han- 
son's Poultry  Farm. 

Rose  Com!)  Red  Cap  Pullet — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;  second, 
Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Single  Comb  Buff  Orpington  Cock — First  (104),  Dr.  S.  L.  Beaver;  sec- 
ond  (1347m),  Dr.  S.  L.  Beaver;   third    (46),  Harry  E.  Burgess. 

Single  Comb  Buff  Orpington  Cockerel — First  (20),  Luther  R.  Pike; 
second    (4),  L.  W.  Harkins;    third    (2),  L.  W.  Harkins. 

Single  Comb  Buff  Orpington  H,en — First  (34),  Harry  E.  Burgess;  sec- 
ond  (4),  L.  C.  West;   third   (5),  L.  C.  West. 

Single  Comb  Buff  Orpington  Pullet — First  (6),  L.  C.  West;  second 
(7),  L.  C.  West;   third    (5),  L.  W.  Harkins. 

Single  Comb  Black  Orpington  Cock — First  (143),  C.  W.  Reeder;  sec- 
ond   (174),  C.  W.  Reeder;    third    (31),  Harry  E.  Burgess. 

Single  Comb  Black  Orpington  Cockerel — First  (7428d),  Kolburn  Hegna; 
second    (139),  C.  W.  Reeder;    third    (7407c),  Kolburn  Hegna. 

Single  Coral)  Black  Orpington  Hen — First  (28703),  Kolburn  Hegna; 
second    (134),  C.  W.  Reeder;    third    (36),  Harry  E.  Burgess. 

Single  Comb  Black  Orpington  Pullet — First  (3035a),  Kolburn  Hegna; 
second    (3010a),  Kolburn  Hegna;    third    (3043a),  Kolburn  Hegna. 

Single  Comb  VyHiite  Orpington  Cock — First  (275),  C.  M.  Hummer;  sec- 
ond  (el500),  Altamont  Poultry  Farm;   third   (372),  lowana  Farms. 

Single  Comb  White  Orpington  Cockerel — First  (127),  Carl  Dare;  sec- 
ond   (460),  C.  W.  Reeder;    third    (128),  Carl  Dare. 

Single  Comb  White  Orpington  Hen — First  (a421),  lowana  Farms;  sec- 
ond   (138),   Carl  Dare;    third    (8329),  W.   N.   Servis. 

Single  Comb  White  Orpington  Pullet — First  (a401),  lowana  Farms; 
second    (68),  K.  L.   Price;    third    (a402),   lowana  Farms. 


POLISH. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Hanson's  Poultry  Farm,  Dean,  Iowa;    R.  E.  West,  Altoona,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

White   Crested  Black  Polish   Cock— First    (29),   R.   E.   West. 

White  Crested  Black  Polish  Pullet— First   (21),  R.  E.  West. 

Bearded   Silver  Polish   Hen — First,   Hanson's   Poultry   Farm. 

Bearded  White  Polish   Cock — First,   Hanson's   Poultry   Farm. 

Non-Bearded  Golden  Polish  Cock — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;  sec- 
ond,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Xo?i-Bearded  Golden  Polish  Hen— First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;  sec- 
ond, Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 


872  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

DUTCH. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Wib    P.    Clements,    Agency,    Iowa;     O'Donnell    Poultry    Farm,    Valley 
Junction,    Iowa;    F.   L.   Reinhard   &   Son,    Ottumwa,    Iowa. 


Silver  Spangled  Hamhurg  Cock — First   (99),  O'Donnell  Poultry  Farm; 
second    (19),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;   third   (72),  Wib  F.  Clements. 

Silver  Spangled  Hamhurg  Cockerel — First   (64),  Wib  F.  Clements;  sec- 
ond  (68),  Wib  F.  Clements. 

Silver    Spangled   Hamburg   Hen — First    (95),    Wib    F.    Clements;    sec- 
ond  (53),  Wib  F.  Clements;   third    (20),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 

Silver  Spangled  Hamhurg  Pullet — First    (22),  F.  L,  Reinhard  &  Son; 
second    (54),  Wib  F.  Clements;    third    (21),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 


FRENCH. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Wib  F.  Clements,  Agency,  Iowa;   Hanson's  Poultry  Farm,  Dean,  Iowa; 
F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son,  Ottumwa,  Iowa;   R.  E.  West,  Altoona,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Mottled   Houdan    Cock — First,    Hanson's    Poultry    Farm;    second,   Han- 
son's Poultry  Farm;    third    (82),  R.  E.   West. 

Mottled  Houdan  Cockerel — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm; 
third    (72),  R.  E.  West. 

Mottled   Houdan   Hen — First,    Hanson's    Poultry    Farm;    second    (26), 
F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;    third,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Mottled    Houdan    Pullet — First    and    third,    Hanson's    Poultry    Farm; 
second    (67),  R.   E.   West. 


GAMES    AND    GAME    BANTAMS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Harry  E.  Burgess,  Osceola,   Iowa;   Wm,   E.  Evens,  Des  Moines,   Iowa; 
Hanson's  Poultry  Farm,  Dean,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Black  Breasted  Red  Game  Cock — First    (47),  Harry  E.   Burgess. 

Black  Breasted  Red   Game  Hen — First    (72),   Harry  E.   Burgess. 

Red  Pyle   Game   Cock — First,   Hanson's   Poultry   Farm. 

Red  Pyle  Game  Cockerel — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Red  Pyle  Game  Hen — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Red  Pyle  Game  Pullet — First,  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  873 

Black   Game  Hen — First    (35),   Harry  E.   Burgess. 

Red   Pyle    Game   Bantam    Cocfc— First    (51),    Wm.    E.    Evens;    second, 
Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Red  Pyle  Game  Bantam  Cockerel — First    (52),  Wra.  E.  Evens. 

Red  Pyle  Game  Bantam  Hen— First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Red  Pyle   Game  Bantam   Pullet— First    (54),   Wm.    E.    Evens;    second 
(55),  Wm.  E.  Evens. 


ORIENTAL   GAMES    AND   BANTAMS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Hanson's  Poultry  Farm,  Dean,  Iowa;  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son,  Ottumwa, 
Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Cornish  Indian  Cock — First    (27),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 
White  Indian  Cockerel — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 
•    White  Indian  Hen — First    and   second,    Hanson's   Poultry   Farm. 
White  Indian  Pullet — First  and   second,   Hanson's   Poultry   Farm. 

Black  Breasted  Red  Malay  Hen — First  and  second,   Hanson's  Poultry 
Farm. 


ORIENTAL   GAMES   AND   BANTAMS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

A.  L.  Chamberlain,  Altoona,  Iowa;  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm,  Dean, 
Iowa;  Weir  Hart,  Bondurant,  Iowa;  C.  O.  Preston,  Emerson,  Neb.;  F. 
L.  Reinhard  &  Son,  Ottumwa,  Iowa;  R.  E.  West,  Altoona,  Iowa;  V.  G. 
Warner,  Bloomfield,   Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Silver   Seahright   CocTc— First    (33054),   C.   O.   Preston. 

Silver  Seahright  Hen— First   (33060),  C.  O.  Preston. 

Black  Rose  Comb  Hen — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

White  Booted  Cock— First    (61),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 

White  Booted  Hen— First    (63),   F.   L.   Reinhard  &  Son. 

White  Booted  Pullet— First,    (64),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 

Light  Brahma  Cock — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Light  Brahma  Hen — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Buff  Cochin  Cock — First  (75),  A.  L.  Chamberlain;  second  (23),  R. 
E.  West. 

Buff  Cochin  Cockerel— First   (56),  R.  E.  West. 

Buff  Cochin  Hen— First  (20),  R.  E.  West;  second  (74).  A.  L.  Cham- 
berlain; third   (28),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 


874  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Buff  Cochin  Pullet— First   (64),  R.  E.  West. 
Partridge  Cochin  Cock — First   (4),  R.  E.  West. 
Parti  idge   Cochin  Hen — First,    Hanson's   Poultry   Farm. 
White   Cochin   Cock— First    (93),   R.   E.   West. 

White   Cochin   Cockerel— First    (60),   R.    E.   West;    second    (80),   Weir 
Hart. 

White  Cochin  Heji— First   (22),  R.  E.  West. 

White    Cochin    Pullet— First    (87),    Weir    Hart;    second     (58),    R.    E. 
West. 

Black  Cochin  Cock — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Black    Cochin    Cockerel — First    (61),    R.    E.    West;    second    and    third, 
Hanson's   Poultry  Farm. 

Black  Cochin  Hen — First   (14),  R.  E.  West;    second,  Hanson's  Poultry 
Farm;   third   (44),  R.  E.  West. 

Black  Cochin  Pullet — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;   third 
(51),    R.    E.   West. 

Black  Tailed  Japanese  Hen — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 


CAPON. 

EXHIBITOR. 

Hanson's  Poultry  Farm,  Dean,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Any  Variety  Capon — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 


EXHIBITION   PENS. 

EXHIBITORS. 

Mrs.  Jesse  Alexander,  Altoona,  Iowa;  A.  L.  Anderson,  Indianola,  Iowa; 
Mrs.  N.  B.  Ashby,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Altamont  Poultry  Farm,  Colfax, 
Iowa;  Mrs.  H.  I.  Branson,  West  Branch,  Iowa;  J.  Ross  Bachman,  Blakes- 
burg,  Iowa;  J.  W.  Booth,  Osceola,  Iowa;  Oscar  L.  Bock,  Council  Bluffs, 
Iowa;  J.  M.  Brown,  St.  Charles,  Iowa;  Dr.  S.  L.  Beaver,  Harlan,  Iowa; 
F.  H.  Boynton,  Chariton,  Iowa;  J.  W.  Clark,  Scranton,  Iowa;  Wib  F. 
Clements,  Agency,  Iowa;  A.  L.  Chamberlain,  Altoona,  Iowa;  W.  O. 
Coon,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Clifford  W.  Duke,  Clarinda,  Iowa;  M.  L.  Dud- 
ley, Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Dunn  Bros.,  Winterset,  Iowa;  Carl  Dare,  Os- 
ceola, Iowa;  Arthur  Dearinger,  Reasnor,  Iowa;  W.  H.  Golly,  Jr.,  Zear- 
ing,  Iowa;  J.  P.  Harsh,  New  Virginia,  Iowa;  Peter  Hove,  Stanhope, 
Iowa;  C.  W.  Howell,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Weir  Hart,  Bondurant,  Iowa; 
L.  W.  Harkins,  Menlo,  Iowa;  C.  M.  Hummer,  Keswick,  Iowa;  lowana 
Farms,  Davenport,  Iowa;   Frank  Johnson,  Monroe,  Iowa;   Jos.  H.  Jones, 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIH  875 

Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Wm.  J.  Lockhart,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Wm.  McMichael, 
Selma,  Iowa;  J.  R.  McDonald,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Beatrice  Mansfield, 
Altoona,  Iowa;  Thos.  L.  Morlan,  Indianola,  Iowa;  L.  G.  Miller,  Des 
Moines,  Iowa;  Annamarie  Nelson,  Altoona,  Iowa;  S.  R.  Patterson,  Cen- 
terville,  Iowa;  C.  D.  Porter,  Altoona,  Iowa;  S.  A.  Power  &  Son,  Fair- 
field, Iowa;  Elliott  Purmort,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  W.  Patterson,  Carlisle, 
Iowa;  T.  L.  Ricksecker,  Rosedale,  Kans.;  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son,  Ot- 
tumwa,  Iowa;  C.  W.  Reeder,  Leon,  Iowa;  R.  B.  Rowe,  Indianola,  Iowa; 
D.  W.  Rich,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa;  Schuster  Bros.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa; 
Julius  Sinn,  Williamsburg,  Iowa;  Jas.  L.  Stark,  Russell,  Iowa;  J.  L. 
Todd,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  C.  &  C.  T.  Van  Lint,  Bella,  Iowa;  Wm.  F. 
Volz,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa;  V.  G.  Warner,  Bloomfield,  Iowa;  A.  M.  Wal- 
rath,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  R.  E.  West,  Altoona,  Iowa;  L.  C.  West,  Dallas 
Center,  Iowa;  Wm.  P.  Watson,  Grinnell,  Iowa;  J.  M.  Williamson,  Des 
Moines,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

Barred  Plymouth  Rock  Foiols— First,  (29-30-31-32-33),  P.  L.  Reinhard 
&  Son. 

Barred  Plymouth  Chicks— First,  (257-258-254-255-256),  J.  F.  Harsh;  sec- 
ond,   (5-6-7-8-9),  Mrs.  H.  I.  Branson;   third,    (6-7-8-9-10),   S.  R.  Patterson. 

Buff  Plymouth  Fowl— First,  (7-30-34-26-16),  C.  &  C.  T.  Van  Lint; 
second,  (180-16-23-41-46),  Peter  Hove;  third,  (7-8-9-10-11),  Wm.  J.  Lock- 
hart. 

Buff  Plymouth  Chicks— First,  (12-13-14-15-16),  Wm.  J.  Lockhart;  sec- 
end,  (26-29-39-49-53),  Peter  Hove;  third,  (55-56-49-50-52),  J.  Ross  Bach- 
man. 

White    Plymouth    Chicks— First,    (956-957-958-959-960),    M.    L.    Dudley; 

Partridge  Plymouth  Rock  Fowls— First,  (86-81-88-89),  Mrs.  Jesse  Alex- 
ander; second,  (172-173-171-170-169),  C.  W.  Reeder;  third,  (88-55-161-74- 
48),  Schuster  Bros. 

Partridge  Plymouth  Rock  Chicks—First,  (58-53-72-23-70),  Schuster 
Bros.;  second,  (129-127-141-132-128),  C.  W.  Reeder;  third,  (21-81-75-2-25), 
Schuster  Bros. 

Silver  Wyandotte  Foicls-First,  (1008-903-1185-1024-1074),  V.  G.  Warner; 
second,  (366-682-320-398-363),  J.  R.  McDonald;  third,  (115-84-121-43-15), 
A.   L.   Anderson. 

Silver  Wyandotte  Chicks— First,  (201-212-1003-1049-292),  V.  G.  Warner; 
second,    (390-392-377-343-376),  J.  R.  McDonald. 

Golden  Wyandotte  Fowls— First,  (58-56-3509c-5312c-3521c),  J.  W.  Booth; 
second,    (220-281-263-219-1166),   V.   G.  Warner. 

Golden  Wyandotte  Chicks— First,  (4-59-36-84-39),  Julius  Sinn;  sec- 
ond, (3536c-3496c-3545c-3597c-3458c),  J.  W.  Booth;  third,  (15-16-17-18- 
19),  J.   L.   Todd. 

White  Wyandotte  Fowls— First,  (31-32-882-29-30),  Oscar  L.  Bock;  sec- 
ond,   (38-57-9-10-11),  Mrs.  N.  B.  Ashby. 


876  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

White  Wyandotte  Chicks— First,  (79-70-72-75-74),  Beatrice  Mansfield; 
second,  C.  D'.  Porter;   third,   (37-39-34-36-35),  Oscar  L.  Bock. 

Buff  Wyandotte  Fowls — First,  S.  A.  Power  &  Son;  second,  (17-22-21- 
90-24),  R.   B.   Rowe;    third,    (221-217-1172-266-268),  V.   G.  Warner. 

Buff  Wyandotte  Chicks— First,  (41-40-42-45-44),  Thos,  L,  Morlan;  sec- 
ond,   (211-215-206-204-210),  V.   G.  Warner. 

ColumUa  Wyandotte  Foivls-First,  (6-7-8-9-10),  A.  M.  Walrath;  sec- 
ond,   (1-2-3-4-5),  A.  M.  Walrath. 

Partridge  Wyandotte  Fowls— First,  (91-79-160-156-36),  Thos.  L.  Mor- 
lan. 

Partridge  Wyandotte  Chicks— First,  (224-225-222-216-223),  V.  G.  Warner; 
second,    (33-137-32-35-31),  Thos.  L.  Morlan. 

Rose  Corn!)  Rhode  Island  Red  Foiols— First,  (44-14-38-5),  Wm.  F.  Volz; 
second,  (79-67-92-91-92),  Wib  F.  Clements. 

Rose  Coml  Rhode  Island  Red  Chicks— First,  (62-67-263-53-57),  C.  H. 
Howell;  second,  D.  W.  Rich;   third,    (76-43-5-42-65),  Wib  F.  Clements. 

Single  Cojnb  Rhode  Island  Red  Fowls— First,  (368-316-331-315-313),  T. 
L.  Ricksecker;  second,  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;  third,  (34-35-36-37-38),  F. 
L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 

Single  Comd  Rhode  Island  Red  Chicks— First,  (397-327-328-329-330), 
T.  L.  Ricksecker;  second,  (12-5-23-21-13),  Elliott  Purmort;  third,  (1-2-3-4- 
5),  Dunn  Bros. 

Light  Brahma  Foiols — First,  (80-81-77-78-79),  Frank  Johnson;  second, 
(10-40-30-29-1),  Weir  Hart. 

Light  Brahma  Chicks— First,  (85-86-82-83-84),  Frank  Johnson;  second, 
(17-24-23-8-48),  Weir  Hart. 

Buff  Cochin  Chicks— Second,   (64-61-74-63-62),  R.  E.  West. 

Partridge  Cochin  Chicks— First,    (1-65-68-2-60),  R.  E.  West. 

Buff  Orpington  Fowls— First  (8-9-10-11-12),  L.  W.  Harkins;  second 
(8-9-10-11-20),  L.  C.  West;    third    (45-19-32-38-15),  Wm.  P.  Watson. 

Buff  Orpington  Chicks— First  (17-4-42-5-21),  Dr.  S.  L.  Beaver;  second 
(13-14-15-16-17),  L.  W.  Harkins;   third   (13-14-15-16-17),  L.  C.  West. 

Black  Orpington  Foiols— First  (422-464-474-473-458),  C.  W.  Reeder;  sec- 
ond   (138-196-124-135-149),   C.  W.  Reeder. 

Black  Orpington  Chicks— First    (470-451-471-453-469),  C.  W.  Reeder. 

White  Orpington  Foiols— First  (a584-a564-398-a418-a448),  lowana  Farms; 
second  (139-144-145-146-147),  Carl  Dare;  third  (461-459-475-466-462),  C.  W. 
Reeder. 

White  Orpington  Chicks— First  (142-180-181-182-183),  Carl  Dare;  sec- 
ond (a405-a406-a801-a403-a404),  lowana  Farms;  third  (421-422-423-424-425), 
C.  W.  Reeder. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  877 

Black  Langshan  Fowls — First  (188-64-46-27-58),  Arthur  Dearinger;  sec- 
ond  (73-70-69-8-67),  R.  E.  West. 

Black  Langshan  Chicks— First  (71-55-32-8-76),  R.  E.  West;  second  (59- 
71-69-66-1),  Arthur  Dearinger. 

Single  Comb  White  Leghorn  Foiols— First  (2-5-7-8-10),  Jos.  H.  Jones; 
second  (40-45-47-48-49),  Jos.  H.  Jones;  third  (205-284-285-286-287),  J.  M. 
Williamson. 

Single  Comb  White  Leghorn  CMcks^First  (293-294-295-296-297),  J.  M. 
Williamson;  second  (288-289-290-291-292),  J.  M.  Williamson;  third  (10- 
8-6-4-2),  J.  Russell  Lang. 

Single  Comb  Brown  Leghorn  Chicks— First  (200-199-198-195-194),  W.  O. 
Coon. 

Black  Minorca  Foiols— First  (4-88-68-93-7657*),  R.  E.  West;  second 
(5-3-45-33-11),  L.   G.   Miller. 


PIGEONS. 

EXHIBITORS. 


Wib  F.  Clements,  Agency,  Iowa;   Ellwyn  Lucas,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;   F. 
L.  Reinhard  &  Son,  Ottumwa,  Iowa. 

AWAEDS. 

Pair  Homing  Pigeons — First    (12-15),   Ellwyn   Lucas;    second,   Wib  F. 
Clements;    third,  Wib   F.   Clemnts. 

Pair  Swallow  Pigeons — First  and  second,  Wib  F.  Clements. 
Pair  Tumbler  Pigeons — First,  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 
Pair  Turbet  Pigeons — First,  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 


TURKEYS. 

EXHIBITORS. 


J.  H.  Allen,  Walnut  Grove,  Minnesota;  Harry  E.  Burgess,  Osceola, 
Iowa;  R.  H.  Longworth,  Polk  City,  Iowa;  V.  G.  Warner,  Bloomfield,  Iowa; 
J.  C.  Watts,  Berwick,  Iowa.  ^ 

AWARDS. 

Bronze  Cock— First  (1),  J.  C.  Watts;  second  (77),  J.  H.  Allen;  third 
(1242),  V.  G.  Warner. 

Bronze  Cockerel — First  (1193),  V.  G.  Warner. 

Bronze  Hen— First  (1246),  V.  G.  Warner;  second  (78),  J.  H.  Allen; 
third  (2),  J.  C.  Watts. 

Bronze  Pullet— First  (1088),  V.  G.  Warner. 
Buff  Cock— First  (88),  Harry  E.  Burgess. 
Buff  Cockerel — First    (66),  Harry  E.  Burgess. 


878  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Bujf  ifew— First  (67),  Harry  E.  Burgess. 

Bujf  Pullet— First  (64),  Harry  E.  Burgess. 

White  Cockerel — First    (1),  R.  H.  Longworth. 

White  Hen— First  (15),  J.  H.  Allen;   second   (14),  J.  H.  Allen. 

White  Pullet— First    (2),   R.   H.  Longworth. 


DUCKS. 

EXHIBITORS. 


Harry  E.  Burgess,  Osceola,  Iowa;  Mrs.  Robt.  Carlile,  Valley  Junction, 
Iowa;  Clifford  W.  Duke,  Clarinda,  Iowa;  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm,  Dean, 
Iowa;  L.  W.  Harkins,  Menlo,  Iowa;  T.  H.  Kaldenberg,  Bella,  Iowa; 
Mrs.  H.  Niswander,  Kinross,  Iowa;  O'Donnell  Poultry  Farm,  Valley  Junc- 
tion, Iowa;  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son,  Ottumwa,  Iowa;  V.  G.  Warner,  Bloom- 
field,  Iowa;  R.  E.  West,  Altoona,  Iowa. 

AWARDS. 

White  Pekin  Drake,  Old— First  (1186),  V.  G.  Warner;  second  (24), 
R.  E.  West;  third   (77),  O'Donnell  Poultry  Farm. 

White  Pekin  Drake,  Young— First  (58),  R.  E.  West;  second  (1023), 
V.  G.  Warner;  third  (15),  Mrs.  H.  Niswander. 

White  Pekin  Duck,  OM— First  (1009),  V.  G.  Warner;  second  (54),  R. 
E.  West;   third    (33),  Harry  E.  Burgess. 

WMte  Pekin  Duck,  Young — First  (72),  R.  E.  West;  second  (1021), 
V.  G.  Warner;    third    (14),   Mrs.  H.   Niswander. 

Colored  Rouen  Drake,  Old— First  (52),  R.  E.  West. 

Colored  Rouen  Drake,  Young — First,  second,  third,  Hanson's  Poultry 
Farm. 

Colored  Rouen  Duck,  Old — First  (6),  R.  E.  West;  second,  Hanson's 
Poultry  Farm. 

Colored  Rouen  Duck,  Young — First,  second  and  third,  Hanson's  Poultry 
Farm. 

Black  Cayuga  Drake,  Young — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Black  Cayuga  Duck,  Young — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Ch-ay  Call  Drake,  Old — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm; 
third   (71),  R.  E.  West. 

Gray  Call  Drake,  Young — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Gray  Call  Duck,  Old— First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;  third, 
R.   H.  West. 

Gray  Call  Duck,  Young — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Colored  Muscovy  Drake,  Old — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm; 
third    (20),  L.  W.  Harkins. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  879 

Colored  Muscovy  Drake,    Young — First  and   second,   Hanson's   Poultry 
Farm;  third   (88),  R.  E.  West. 

Colored  Muscovy  Duck,  Old — First   (24),  L.  W.  Harkins;   second    (19), 
R.   E.  West;    third,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

Colored  Muscovy  Duck,  Young — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;   second 
(92),  R.  E.  West;   third   (25),  L.  W.  Harkins. 

White  Muscovy  Drake,  Old — First  and  second,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm; 
third   (57),  R.  E.  West. 

White  Muscovy  Duck,  Old— First   (8),  R.  E.  West;   second  and  third, 
Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 

White  Indian  Runner  Drake,  Old — First  (618),  Mrs.  Robt.  Carlile;  sec- 
ond (52),  Clifford  W.  Duke. 

White  Indian  Runner  Drake,   Young — First    (190),  Clifford  W.  Duke; 
second  (189),  Clifford  W.  Duke. 

White   Indian   Runner   Duck,    Old — First    (631),    Mrs.    Robt.    Carlile; 
second  (629),  Mrs.  Robt.  Carlile;   third   (193),  Clifford  W.  Duke. 

White  Indian  Runner  Duck,  Young — First  (191),  Clifford  W.  Duke;  sec- 
ond   (192),  Clifford  W.  Duke. 

Indian  Runner  Drake,  Old — First   (46),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;   second 
(44),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;  third   (527),  T.  H.  Kaldenberg. 

Indian  Runner  Drake,  Young — First  (48),  F.  L,  Reinhard  &  Son;   sec- 
ond  (577),  T.  H.  Kaldenberg;   third   (16),  Mrs.  H.  Niswander. 

Indian  Runner  Duck,  Old — First  (46),  T.  H.  Kaldenberg;   second   (50), 
F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;  third   (49),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 

Indian  Runner  Duck,  Young — First   (53),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;   sec- 
ond   (52),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;    third,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm. 


GEESE. 

EXHIBITOES. 


Weir  Hart,  Bondurant,  Iowa;  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm,  Dean,  Iowa;  F. 
L.  Reinhard  &  Son,  Ottumwa,  Iowa;  W.  W.  Seeley,  Stuart,  Iowa;  C.  and 
C.  T.  Van  Lint,  Pella,  Iowa;  R.  E.  West,  Altoona,  Iowa. 


Gray  Toulouse  Gander,  Old — First  (58),  R.  E.  West;   second   (8),  Weir 
Hart. 

Gray  Toulouse  Gander,  Young — First  (10),  C.  &  C.  T.  Van  Lint. 

Gray  Toulouse  Goose,  Old — First   (15),  Weir  Hart;  second   (71),  R.  E. 
West. 

Gray  Toulouse  Goose,  Young — First  (6),  C.  and  C.  T.  Van  Lint. 


880  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

White  EmMen  Gander,   Old— First    (2),  R.   E.  West;    second    (54),  F. 
L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 

White  Embden  Gander,  Young — First  (55),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;  sec- 
ond  (19),  R.  E.  West. 

White  Erndden  Goose,   Old — First   (57),  F.  L.  Reinhard;    second    (56), 
F.  L.  Reinhard;    third    (53),   R.   E.  West. 

White  Emhden  Goose,  Young — First   (58),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son;   sec- 
ond   (51),  R.  E.  West. 

Gray  African  Gander,  Old— First  (54),  R.  E.  West. 

Gray  African  Gander,  Young — First  (56),  R.  E.  West;  second,  Hanson's 
Poultry  Farm. 

Gray  African  Goose,  Old — First   (57),  R.  E.  West. 
Gray  African   Goose,   Young — First,   Hanson's   Poultry  Farm. 
Broum  Chinese  Gander,  Old — First   (63),  R.  E.  West. 
Brown  Chinese  Goose,  Old — First    (66),  R.  E.  West. 

White  Chinese  Gander,  Old — First   (70),  R.  E.  West;   second,  Hanson's 
Poultry  Farm;    third    (1),  W.  W.   Seeley. 

White  Chinese  Gander,  Yoimg — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;    second 
(67),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 

White  Chinese  Goose,  Old — First,  Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;   second   (5), 
W.  W.  Seeley;   third   (4),  W.  W.  Seeley. 

White  Chinese  Goose,   Young — First,   Hanson's  Poultry  Farm;    second 
(68),  F.  L.  Reinhard  &  Son. 


EGG  LAYING  CONTEST. 

AWARDS. 

First,  Altamont  Poultry  Farm,  Colfax,  Iowa;  second  and  third,  L.  C. 
West,  Dallas  Center,  Iowa,  and  Altamont  Poultry  Farm,  Colfax,  Iowa; 
fourth,  Oscar  L.  Bock,  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 


COMMERCIAL  EGGS,  AMERICAN. 

AWAEDS. 

First,    Wib    F.    Clements,    Agency,    Iowa;    second,    Clifford    W.    Duke, 
Clarinda,  Iowa;  third,  Anthony  Stocker,  Des  Moines. 


MEDITERRANEAN. 

First,  Anthony  Stocker,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;   second,  J.  M.  Williamson, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa;  third,  C.  E.  Graff,  Guernsey,  Iowa. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIII  881 

ASIATIC. 

First,    F.    L.    Reinhard    &    Son,    Ottumwa,    Iowa;    second,    Clifford    W. 
Duke,  Clarinda,  Iowa. 


ENGLISH. 


First,    E.   M.   Walrath,    Des   Moines,    Iowa;    second,    Altamont   Poultry 
Farm,  Colfax,  Iowa;  third,  C.  W.  Reeder,  Leon,  Iowa. 


SWEEPSTAKES. 
Anthony  Stocker,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 


SPECIAL  OFFERED  BY  THE  INTERSTATE  PUBLISHING 
COMPANY,   DES  MOINES. 
Best  Cockerel,  All  Breeds  Comjoeting — Carl  Dare,  Osceola,  Iowa. 


SPECIAL   OFFERED   BY   E.   E.   RICHARDS,  WESTERN  POULTRY 

JOURNAL,  CEDAR  RAPIDS,  IOWA, 
lowana   Farms,    Davenport,    Iowa. 


SPECIALS  OFFERED  BY  OTIS  &  MOE  OF  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

C.  W.  Reeder,  Leon,  Iowa. 

Dr.  L.  D.  Carpenter, 

J.  M.  Williamson,   Des  Moines.   Iowa. 


56 


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PART  XIV 


REPORT  OF  AGRICULTURAL  CONDITIONS 


BY 


COUNTY  AND  DISTRICT  AGRICULTURAL 

SOCIETIES  IN  IOWA 

1912 


ADAIR. 

W.    W,    BURRELL,    GREENFIELD,    OCTOBER    3,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — The  season  lias  been  favorable, 
except  during  corn  planting.  On  account  of  inferior  seed  some  had  to 
plant  the  second  time.  Good  weather  during  the  haying  and  harvesting 
period  made  it  possible  to  harvest  all  small  grain  in  good  condition. 

Corn — Well  above  the  average;  will  yield  40  to  75  bushels;  quality 
good.  The  early  frost  hurt  some  late  plantings  but  90  per  cent  of  the 
crop  is  out  of  the  way  of  frost. 

Oats — Best  crop  we  have  had  in  years;  yield  from  20  to  50  bushels; 
excellent  quality  and  all  harvested  and  threshed  in  good  shape. 

Wheat — Good,  not  much  raised  but  what  there  was  yielded  from  20 
to   50   bushels;    quality  good. 

Bye — Very  little  raised. 

Barley — Not  much  raised. 

Flax — None. 

Buckwheat — None. 

Millet — Very  little  grown. 

Sorghum — Good. 

Timothy — Good;  taken  care  of  in  excellent  condition. 

Clover — Same  as  tim^othy. 

Prairie  Kay — Not  any. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Blue  grass  pastures  have  been  excellent  and 
have  furnished  good  pasture  all  the  season. 

Potatoes — Small  crop  early  potatoes;    late  crop  fair. 

Vegetables — Plenty  of  all  kinds  and  good. 

Apples — Almost  a  failure. 

Other  Fruits — Good,  far  above  the  average,  especially  plums. 

Cattle — Not  as  many  as  usual  but  fairly  well  stocked;  mostly  cows; 
young  stuff  short.      Feeding  steers  also  short. 


886  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Horses — Well  supplied  and  good  quality;  plenty  of  young  stock. 

Swine — Plenty  of  old  hogs;   young  stock  not  up  to  standard. 

Sheep — Very  few  raised  in  this  county. 

Poultry — Splendid,  both  as  to  quality  and  number. . 

Bees — Very  few  raised. 

Drainage — Farmers  are  using  more  tile  every  year. 

Lands — Constantly  advancing  in  price;  worth  from  $60.00  to  $200.00 
per  acre,  and  quite  a  little  changing  hands. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  10-13  inclusive.  The  attendance  was 
not  up  to  average,  nor  were  the  exhibits  in  some  departments.  Bad 
weather   on   the   last   day   caused   a   cancellation   of   that   day. 

ADAMS. 

GEO.    E.    BLISS,    CORXIXG,    SEPTE^SIBER    18,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Have  had  timely  rains,  w^hich 
have  made  all  crops  good. 

Corn — Best  crop  we  have  had  since  1880, 

Oats — Quality  splendid;    yield  from  40  to  55  bushels  per  acre. 

Wheat — The  yield  of  winter  wheat  broke  all  previous  records,  making 
an  average  of  26  bushels  per  acre.     A  big  acreage  being  put  in  now. 

Rye — But  little  grown;   yield  about  28  bushels  per  acre. 

Barley — But  little  sown;   good  quality  and  yield. 

Flax — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — None  raised. 

Millet — Little  sown;   large  yield  and  nearly  all  threshed  for  seed. 

Sorghum — Large  acreage;    nearly  all  cut  for  forage. 

Timothy — Fair  yield;  splendid  quality. 

Clover — Very  scare.  Too  dry  in  1910  and  1911.  Very  little  withstood 
early  drouth. 

Prairie  Hay — Good  quality;    splendid  yield. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Some  alfalfa;   good  yield;   cut  three  times. 

Potatoes — Both  early  and   late  ones  yielded  bountifully. 

Vegetables — All  kinds  did  remarkably  well. 

Apples — Not  any. 

Other  Fruits — An  abundance  of  plums;    excellent  quality. 

Cattle — Very  few  in  feed  lots;  milch  cows  in  great  demand. 

Horses — Great  demand  for  horses;  selling  at  an  average  of  $200.00. 
Not  quite  as  many  colts  as  usual. 

Swine — Short  crop  of  pigs  and  disease  carried  off  a  large  number  of 
the  older  ones. 

Sheep — More  sheep  than  usual  and  in  good  condition. 

Poultry — More  poultry  and  eggs  sold  than  ever  before. 

Bees — Did  fairly  well  this  year;   many  died  last  winter. 

Drainage — Very  little  put  in  this  year. 

I/an(f«— Selling  from  $75.00  to  $150,00  per  acre.  Several  farms  sold 
this  year. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  9-12,  inclusive. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  887 

ALLAMAKEE. 

GEO.    S.    HALL,    WAUKON,    SEPTEMBER    20,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 

Corn — Needs  10  days  to  ripen.     Promises  to  be  a  bountiful  crop. 

O^ats — Extra  good. 

Wheat — Very  good. 

Rpe — Not  much  raised  but  what  there  was  was  very  good. 

Barley — Fair  crop. 

Flax — Fair  crop. 

Buckwheat — Good    crop. 

Millet— Fsiir. 

Sorghum — Good. 

Timothy — Extra   good. 

Glover — Good. 

Prairie  Hay — Fair. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Pastures  good  all  summer;  blue  grass  es- 
pecially good. 

Potatoes — Big  crop. 

Vegetables — All  vegetables  are  good". 

Apples — Very  scarce. 

Other  Fruits — Light   crop. 

Cattle — In  good  condition  and  healthy. 

Horses — Generally  in   good  condition. 

Swine — In  prime  condition;  no  cholera  in  this  county  for  several  years. 

Sheep — In  excellent  condition. 

Poultry — Generally  healthy;    a   thriving  industry. 

Bees — Good  season   for  bees. 

Drainage — Natural  drainage. 

Other  Industries — Iron  mines  are  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

Lands — In  fine  condition. 

Report  of  Fair— Held  September  27-30  inclusive.  The  fair  was  a  suc- 
cess both  financially  and  otherwise;  large  crowds  in  attendance  each 
day.      More  money  taken  in  than  any  previous  year. 


AUDUBON. 

S.    C.    CURTIS,    AUDUBON,    OCTOBER    14,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season— Better  than  usual. 
Corn — One  of  the  largest  crops  ever  had  in  the  county. 
Oats — Fair  crop. 

Wheat— Exceeded   the   expectations   of   the  farmers;    yielding   as   high 
3  50  bushels  per  acre. 
Rye — None  raised  to  speak  of. 
Barley — Just  a  fair  crop. 
Flax — None  raised. 
Buckwheat — Little  grown. 
Millet — What  little  there  was  was  good. 


888  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Timothy — Very  good  crop. 

Clover — Not  so  good  as  in  previous  years. 

Prairie  Hay — Not  any  in  this  county. 

Potatoes — The  crop  would  have  been  above  the  average  had  it  not  been 
for  the  late  rains. 

Vegetables — Good   crop. 

Apples — Very  scarce. 

Other  Fruits — Bountiful  crop  of  plums. 

Cattle — Improving. 

Horses — Farmers  are  breeding  the  best  and  a  great  many  are  shipped 
out  each  year. 

Swine — Raised  extensively  in  this  county.  Duroc  Jersey  and  Poland 
Chinas  predominating. 

Sheep — A  gaining  industry. 

Poultry — The  main  stay  of  the  farmer. 

Bees — Not  many. 

Drainage — Natural. 

Other  Industries — Canning  factory  doing  a  good  business. 

Lands — Rolling,  but  the  best  of  soil;  raising  the  very  best  corn  on 
top  of  the  highest  hills.      The  soil  is  of  black  loam  with  clay  sub-soil. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  17-20  inclusive.  Rained  two  out  of 
four  days.  However,  we  paid  out  and  will  have  a  little  left  over  for 
improvements. 

APPANOOSE. 

H.    A.    EUSSELL,    CEXTERVILLE,    SEPTEMBER    6,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Plenty  of  moisture  in  early 
spring  but  dry  during  June,  July  and  August. 

Corn — Late  in  planting  but  will  make  a  good  yield  if  not  hurt  by 
frost. 

Oats — Very  good;    some  yielding  as  high  as  70  bushels  per  acre. 

Wheat — Good;   not  much  sown;   yield  about  20  to  30  bushels  per  acre. 

Rye — Fine. 

Barley — Not  any. 

Flax — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — Very  little  sown  but  that  was  good. 

Millet — Not  very  good;   too  dry. 

Sorghum — Very  good. 

Timothy — Fine;    good   seed   and   free   from   weeds. 

Clover — Frozen  out. 

Prairie  Hay — Good  yield;    fine  hay. 

Potatoes — Too  dry;    not  a  very  good  yield. 

Vegetables — All  good  quality  and  plentiful. 

Apples — Not  very  good;   scarce. 

Other  Fruits — Plums,  pears  and  berries  very  good. 

Cattle — Scarce;    prices  high;    pastures  short. 

Horses — High   prices   for   good   horses. 

Sunne — Not  many  in  the  county.      Doing  fine. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV      889 

Sheep — More  and  better  sheep  being  raised. 
Poultry — Quite   an   interest   taken   in   poultry   raising. 
Bees — Not  many;   a  great  number  died  during  the  winter. 
Report  of  Fair — No  fair  held.      Too  dry. 


BENTON. 

SOL    WHITE,    VINTON,    OCTOBER    7,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 

Corn — Very  good. 

Oats — Excellent. 

Wheat — But  little  grown. 

Rye — Good. 

Barley — Good  to  extra  fine. 

Fla^ — None  grown. 

Buckwheat — But  little  raised. 

Millet — Not  much  grown. 

Sorghum — Good;    small  acreage. 

Timothy — One-half   crop. 

Clover — Small  crop. 

Prairie  Hay — Pair. 

Potatoes — Small  crop. 

VegetaMes — Good. 

Apples — None. 

Other  Fruits — Good. 

Cattle — Scarce  and  high. 

Horses — Good. 

Sivine — Diseased;   about  one-half  the  usual  number. 

Sheep — Good. 

Poultry — Very  good. 

Drainage — Good. 

Other  Industries — Thriving. 

Lands — Selling  from  $165  to  $225  per  acre. 

Report   of   Fair — Held    September    4-6    inclusive.       A   very    good    fair. 


BLACK   HAWK. 

C.    A.    ROWND,    CEDAE    FALLS,    IOWA,    NOVE^MBEE,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Very  good. 

Corn — Slightly  above  the  average.  A  frost  that  came  before  the  corn 
was  sufficiently  matured  and  a  high  wind  which  blew  the  corn  down 
badly  caused  considerable  soft  corn. 

Oats — At   least    10    bushels    above    the    average. 

Wheat — Froze  out  badly  in  some  places.  Where  the  stand  was  good 
results  were  very  satisfactory. 

Rye — A  little  above  the  average.      About  19  bushels  per  acre. 

Barley — Fully  up  to  the  average;   from  40  to  45  bushels  per  acre. 


890  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Flax — Practically  none  raised.  Farm  leases  are  often  written,  pro- 
hibiting the  raising  of  flax. 

Buckwheat — I  know  of  none. 

Millet — An  average  crop. 

Sorghum — Large  yield  and  good  quality.  Considerable  loss  on  account 
of  an  early  frost. 

Timothy — About  an  average  crop.  Some  fields  very  good;  others  very 
unsatisfactory. 

Clover — The  drouth  came  at  a  time  when  the  clover  needed  moisture. 
Crop  below  average.      Clover  and  timothy  mixed  gave  a  good  yield. 

Prairie  Hay — Very  small  acreage.      Above  the  average. 

Other  Gmins  and  Grasses — Alfalfa  is  still  in  the  experimental  stage. 
Some  report  success  and  others  failure  but  farmers  are  still  confident 
of  success. 

Potatoes — Large  yield;  much  above  the  average.  Injured  by  grub 
worm  and  scab. 

Vegetables — Very  favorable  season  and  all  vegetables  were  a  large 
yield  and  good  quality. 

Apples — Only  a  few.  A  few  orchards  bore  a  full  crop  of  apples  of 
good  quality. 

Other  Fruits — All  small  fruit  was  of  good  quality  and  a  large  yield. 

Cattle — In  good  condition.  This  being  a  dairy  county  the  number  has 
been  cut  down  on  account  of  a  large  portion  of  the  calves  being 
slaughtered. 

Horses — Increasing  in  quality  and  quantity  very  materially.  Farmers 
have  learned  that  it  pays  to  produce  the  best. 

Swine — Very  nice  lot  of  pigs.  We  had  an  epidemic  of  hog  cholera 
which   covered   a  large  part  of  the  county. 

Sheep — On  account  of  the  low  price  of  wool  and  mutton  the  number 
is  decreasing  instead  of  increasing. 

Poultry — On  account  of  high  prices  for  poultry  products  this  industry 
is  increasing. 

Bees — This   industry   has   been   very    satisfactory. 

Drainage — About  the  usual  amount  being  done. 

Other  Industries — Factories  in  this  county  are  increasing  with  great 
rapidity. 

Lands — Increasing  in  price  at  a  rapid  rate.  Good  farms  with  ordinary 
improvements  and  in  good  locations  are  in  demand  at  $150.00  to  $200.00 
per  acre  and  are  being  bought  by  speculators. 

Fair — None  held. 

BOONE. 

W.  C.  TRELOAR,  OGDEN,  OCTOBER  25,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 

Corn — Good. 

Oats — Fine. 

Wheat— Good. 

Rye — Very  little  grown. 

Barley — Fair. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  891 

Flax — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — None  planted. 

Millet— YsiiY. 

Sorghum — Fair. 

Timothy — Good. 

Clover — Good. 

Prairie  Hay — None. 

Potatoes — Good. 

Vegetal)  les — Good. 

Apples — Poor, 

Other  Fruits — Fair. 

Cattle — Good. 

Horses — Good. 

Bwine — Good. 

Sheep — Not  many  raised. 

Poultry — Goad. 

Bees — Good. 

Drainage — More  being  put  in  each  year. 

Other  Industries — The  coal  mines  are  opening  up  in  good  shape;  more 
men  being  employed  every  day. 

Lands — Advancing  very  fast. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  17-20th  inclusive.  We  had  rainy 
weather  but  nevertheless  we  had  a  successful  fair;  large  exhibits  in  all 
departments  and  good  racing. 

BOONE. 

JOHN    S.    CROOKS,    BOONE,    OCTOBER    15,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 
Corn — Large  yield. 

Oats — Large  yield;    average  about  60  bushels. 
Wheat — Extra  fine;  average  from  40  to  60  bushels. 
Millet — Fine;    good  yield. 
Timothy — Good  yield;   1|  to  2  tons  per  acre. 
Clover — Good  yield. 
Prairie  Hay — Good   yield. 
Other  Grains  and  Grasses — All  good. 
Potatoes — Fair   crop. 
Vegetables — Extra  good;   large  yield. 
Apples — None  to  speak  of. 
Other  Fruits — Fair  yield. 
Cattle — Not  many  in  the  county. 
Swine — Large    number. 
Sheep — Few  being  fed. 
Poultry — Large  supply. 

Drainage — A  great  deal  of  drainage  being  done;  mostly  county  drains. 
Lanffs— Value  from   $125.00   to  $200.00   per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — October  1-4  inclusive.  Fair  attendance;  fine  weather 
and  fair  exhibits. 


892  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

BUCHANAN. 

A.  G.  RIGBY,  INDEPENDENCE,  OCTOBER  28,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Early  season  dry;  mucli  rain 
from  middle  of  August  to  date.  Crops  are  all  of  good  quality  and  abun- 
dant in  yield.     Better  than  last  year. 

Corn — Splendid  crop;  frost  did  some  damage  to  the  soft  corn  but 
quality  is  generally  good.      Will  yield  from  40  to  70  bushels  per  acre. 

Oats — Fine  quality  and  good  yield;  damaged  some  in  shock  and  stack 
by  rain.     Will  run  from  25  to  50  bushels  per  acre.     • 

Wheat — Good  crop;  not  extensively  raised  in  this  county  but  the 
acreage  is  considerably  larger  than  last  year  and  results  justify  a  still 
larger  increase. 

Rye — Good  quality  and  fair  yield.      Not  a  great  deal  grown. 

Barley — Not  much  raised  here.     Good  quality  and  yield. 

Flax — None  raised. 

Buckivheat — Small   acreage;    fair   crop. 

Millet — Splendid  crop;   small  acreage. 

SorgJium — Very  little  raised. 

Timothy — Excellent  quality;    better  yield  than   last  year. 

Clover — Did  well  this  year.  The  late  rains  made  it  favorable  for  fall 
growth  and  seeding. 

Prmrie  Hay — Very  little  in  the  county.     Good  where  grown. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Alfalfa  has  been  successfully  grown  in 
small  patches  in  an  experimental  way  and  it  has  done  well. 

Potatoes — Lack  of  early  moisture  interfered  somewhat  with  normal 
growth  of  early  potatoes.  The  late  ones  are  a  good  crop  but  inclined 
to   be   scabby. 

Vegetables — Abundant;    quality   good. 

Apples — Not  extensively  raised  but  a  good  crop  where  the  orchards 
had  proper  attention. 

Other  Fruits — Abundant;  excellent  quality.  Best  plum  season  ever 
known  here. 

Cattle — Raised  quite  extensively,  both  for  beef  and  dairying  purposes. 

Horses — More  draft  and  road  horses  than  for  a  number  of  years;  no 
epidemic. 

Swine — Cholera  prevalent.      We  have  all  the  standard  breeds. 

Sheep — An  increasing  industry. 

Poultry — Extensively  raised.      We  have  many  fancy  breeders. 

Bees — Not  many  in  the  county;    some  disease  reported. 

Drainage — Considerable  tiling  has  been  done  this  season. 

Other  Industries — In  a  thrifty  and  prosperous  condition. 

I/anc?5— Increasing  in  value,  selling  from  $75.00  to  $200.00  per  acre, 
depending  on  the  location,  quality  of  soil  and  improvements. 

Fair — Held  Sept.  10-14  inclusive.  Largest  fair  in  the  history  of  the 
Association. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  893 

BREMER. 

J.     Q.     LAUER,     WAVERLY,    IOWA,     OCTOBER    24,     1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Ideal  in  my  estimation. 

Corn — A  good  crop;   yield  above  the  average. 

Oats — Fine;  good  yield  and  quality. 

Wheat — Larger  acreage  and  better  yield  than  usual. 

Rye — Good  yield;  fine  quality. 

Barley — Not  much   raised. 

Flax — Little,  if  any,  grown. 

Millet — Good  crop;   small  acreage. 

Sorghum — Good  but  not  as  much  raised  as  usual. 

Timothy — Fair;   better  yield,  however,  than  for  the  past  few  years. 

Clover — Good. 

Prairie  Hay — Good;    not  much  in  the  county. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Small  acreage  but  a  good  yield  of  alfalfa. 

Potatoes — Early  crop  not  so  good  as  the  late  one. 

Vegetables — Average  crop. 

Apples — Not   up    to    average. 

Other  Fruits — Abundant  supply  of  plums;  other  small  fruits  a  general 
average. 

Cattle — As  indicated  by  our  display  at  the  fair  we  have  "the  best  ever." 

Horses — Improving. 

Swine — Not  very  good  on  account  of  disease. 

Sheep — Fine;    not  many   in   the   county,    however. 

Poultry — Generally   a   fine    showing    throughout   the    county. 

Bees — Few  in  the  county. 

Drainage — We  have  good  natural  drainage  but  there  is  some  tiling 
being  done. 

Other  Industries — Sugar  factory  doing  a  very  fine  business.  Sweet 
corn  factories;    tile   factory;    skirt  factory,   etc.,   doing  a  good  business. 

Lands — The  best  in  the  state;  a  black  top  soil  with  clay  or  gravel 
subsoil. 

BUENA   VISTA. 

W.     J.     SIEVERS,     ALTA,     SEPTEMBER     27,     1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Excellent.  Plenty  of  rain 
and  warm  weather  made  the  yield  far  above  average. 

Corn — A  little  backward  on  account  of  fall  rains  but  reports  would 
indicate  the  yield  will  be  from  50  to  85  bushels  per  acre. 

Oats — The  same  as  corn. 

Wheat — Very  little  raised  but  the  quality  and  yield  good. 

Rye — Very  small  acreage. 

Barley — Very   good    yield. 

Flax — None  that  I  know  of. 

Buckwheat — I  know  of  none. 

Millet — An  excellent  yield. 

Sorghum — Good  quality;    small  acreage. 


894  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Timothy — A  very   good   stand. 

Clover — An   excellent   stand;    in    fact   the   best   in    years. 

Prairie  Hay — A  very  good  stand. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — All  did  well  this  year,  owing  to  abundance 
of   rain   and   moisture. 

Potatoes — Plentiful  as  usual.  This  community  is  noted  for  the  large 
amount  of  potatoes   raised   and   it  has   proven   to  be   a   profitable   crop. 

Vegetables — Exceptionally   good. 

Apples — No  apples  raised  this  year. 

Other  Fruits — Cherries   and    plums   were    abundant;    very   large    crop. 

Cattle — Have  done  well  this  season  on  account  of  the  abundance  of 
grass.      There  will  be  a  large  number  put  in  the  feed  yards  this  year. 

Horses — Top  prices  paid  for  horses  of  the  heavy  draft  classes.  No 
demand  for  light  horses. 

Swine — A  very  favorable  year. 

Sheep — Quite  a  number  of  farmers  are  buying  lambs  to  rough  it  for 
60  to  90  days. 

Poultry — A  profitable  industry;  more  being  raised  each  year. 

Bees — Not  very  flourishing. 

Drainage — There  is  more  drainage  done  year  after  year.  Land  owners 
are  realizing  the   full  value  of  draining  their  land. 

Other  Industries — Strictly  a  farming  communitj^ 

Lands — Selling  very  high  and  going  higher;  average  price  being  about 
$150.00. 

Report  of  Fair — ^Held  August  13-16  inclusive.  Tuesday  and  Wednesday 
were  ideal  days  and  large  crowds  attended.  The  exhibits  were  up  to 
the  usual  standard  and  interest  was  taken  in  all.  The  races  filled  fine, 
we  having  the  largest  list  of  entries  in  27  years.  On  Friday  it  rained 
and  the  fair  was  postponed  to  Saturday  but  rain  on  Friday  night  made 
it  necessary  to  call  everything  off  for  Saturday.  Had  it  not  been  for 
the  bad  weather  we  would  have  cleared  a  nice  little  sum  of  money. 


BUTLER. 

W.    C.    SHEPARD,   ALLISON,    OCTOBER   11,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Most  crops  are  above  the 
average;  the  season  a  trifle  cold. 

Corn — A  large  crop;  a  little  late  on  account  of  cold  weather  but  mostly 
matured  before  frost. 

Oats — A  very  large  yield;   good  quality  and  over-run  in  weight. 

Wheat — Very  little  raised;  good  quality  and  yield,  especially  winter 
wheat. 

Rye — Not  much  grown  but  a  good  yield  and  saved  in  good  condition. 

Barley — Same  as  above;  not  much  raised. 

Flax — I  know  of  none  in  the  county. 

Buckivheat — But  very  little  raised;  not  very  good  quality. 

Millet — Not  much  raised;    good  crop. 

Sorghum — Very  little  raised;  average  yield. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV      895 

Timothy — A  very  good  crop;   above  the  average. 

Clover — Crop  above  the  average;  some  seed  being  threshed  from  the 
second  cutting. 

Prairie  Hay — Usual  crop;   not  much  acreage. 

Potatoes — Early  potatoes  a  large  crop;   late  ones  about  average. 

Vegetables — A  good  average  yield. 

Apples — Very  small  crop;  considerably  less  than  usual. 

Other  Fruits — Small  fruits,  such  as  raspberries  and  blackberries  suf- 
fered from  drouth;  a  large  yield  of  plums,  currants  and  strawberries; 
cherries   fair. 

Cattle — About  the  average  number;   in  good  condition. 

Horses — Usual  number;    fine  quality  and   in  good   condition. 

Swine — Some  cholera;  not  the  average  number. 

Sheep — Very  few  in  the  county. 

Poultry — About  the  usual  number;  in  good  condition. 

Bees — Very  few;    a  good  year  for  honey. 

Drainage — One  drainage  district  in  the  county.  A  great  deal  of  pri- 
vate drainage  being  put  in. 

Law(Z5— Selling  from  $80.00  to  $175.00  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  10-12  inclusive.  Good  weather;  large 
attendance;  exhibits  less  than  usual.  Too  much  money  put  into  at- 
tractions. 

CALHOUN. 

J.    C.    HOAG,    MANSOX,    SEPTEMBEJR    16,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 
Corn — Will  average   50  bushels. 
Oats — Yielded  from  40  to  80  bushels  per  acre. 
Wheat — About  20  bushels  to  the  acre. 
Barley — About  30  bushels  per  acre. 
Millet — Four  tons  to  the  acre. 

Timothy — Hay  will  average  one  ton  to  the  acre.  A  good  many  acres 
cut  for  seed. 

Clover — Will  make  IJ  or  2  tons  per  acre;   not  much  cut  for  seed. 

Prairie  Hay — Scarce. 

Potatoes — One  hundred  bushels   per  acre. 

Vegetables — Cabbage  and  tomatoes  are  good. 

Apples — None. 

Other  Fruits — Plums   are    fine. 

Cattle — Are   in   fine   condition;    not   as   many   as   usual. 

Horses — In  good  condition.  y 

Sioine — About  the  same  as  usual. 

Sheep — Not  extensively  raised. 

Poultry — Great  many  chickens,  ducks  and  geese,  but  not  many  turkeys. 

Drainage — About  completed. 

Lands — Valued   at  about   $125.00   per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair— Held  August  19-22,  1912. 


896  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

CALHOUN. 

W.    Q.    STEWART,    ROCKWELL    CITY,    OCTOBER    7,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 

Corn — Very  good;  will  average  from  35  to  75  bushels  per  acre.  Some 
replanting  will   be   hurt   with   the   frost. 

Oats — Yield  from  40  to  70  bushels  per  acre;   quality  good. 

Wheat — Not  much  raised  but  quality  and  yield  good. 

Rye — Good. 

Barley — Very  little  raised;  yield  and  quality  good. 

Flax — Fair  quality;   not  much  grown. 

Buckwheat — Do  not  know  of  any  in  the  county. 

Millet — Heavy  yield. 

Sorghum — Very  good  quality;   not  much  raised  in  the  county. 

Timothy — Very  heavy  crop. 

Clover — First  and  second  crops  very  good. 

Prairie  Hay — Good;  not  much  raised. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Spring  and  late  pasture  very  good.  Stock 
will  go  into  winter  in  fine  shape. 

Potatoes — Heavy  yield. 

VeffetaMes — All  kinds  a  heavy  yield. 

Apples — Very  light  crop;  no  winter  apples  and  very  few  early  va- 
rieties. 

Other  Fruits — Small  fruit  very  good;    plums  very  heavy  crop. 

Cattle — Good  stock  of  calves  and  in  excellent  condition. 

Horses — Above  the  average;  generally  in  good  condition. 

Swine — Stock  of  pigs  light  and  quite  a  little  disease. 

Sheep — Not  many  raised  here  but  of  good  quality  and  in  good  condi- 
tion. 

Poultry — A  large  number;    no  disease. 

Bees — Large  amount  of  honey. 

Drainage — Most   of  the   land   in   this   county   is   tiled. 

Other  Industries — The  Rockwell  City  Canning  Company  report  the 
most  prosperous  season  they  have  ever  had.  Their  output  will  be 
1,800,000  cans. 

Lands — Not  much   selling.     Price   ranging   from   $100   to   $175. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  at  Rockwell  City,  August  6-9.  Attendance  good 
and  the  exhibits  were  also  good  in  all  departments. 

CASS. 

D.    P.    HOGAN,    MASSENA,    OCTOBER    12,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Extra  good. 

Corn — None  husked  as  yet  but  it  looks  as  though  it  would  be  one 
of  the  biggest  crops  we  ever  grew.  Some  hurt  by  frost,  probably  25 
per  cent. 

Oats — Best  in  years;   big  crop  and  good  quality. 

Wheat — Best  crop  we  have  ever  had  and  by  far  the  largest  acreage. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  897 

Rye — None. 

Barley — Gaod  crop  but  very  little  grown. 

Buckwheat — None. 

Millet— Yerj  little. 

Sorghum — Good,  but  not  much  of  it. 

Timothy — Fair  crop;    cured  well. 

Glover — Fair   crop. 

Prairie  H,ay — Not  much  but  what  there  was  was  good. 

Potatoes — Light  crop;   fair  quality. 

Vegetables — Good. 

Apples — Almost  a  total  failure. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  extra  big  crop;  good  crop  of  strawberries;  very 
little  other  fruit. 

Cattle — Many  cattle  shipped  out  during  summer;  supply  short.  All 
in  good  condition. 

Horses — About  the  same  as  last  year. 

Swine — Not  as  good  as  usual. 

Sheep — In  good  condition;   supply  not  up  to  average. 

Poultry — About  as  usual. 

Bees — Same    as    last   year. 

Drainage — Not  so  much  tiling  as  usual  on  account  of  the  dry  season. 

Other  Industries — Increasing  somewhat. 

Lands — Higher  in  price  but  not  much  changing  hands. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  2-5,  1912.  Rained  opening  day  and 
threatened  second  and  third  days  so  that  the  attendance  was  not  as 
good  as  usual.  Live  stock  exhibits  extra  good.  We  had  a  boys'  judg- 
ing contest  which  was  good.      We  came  out  $200.00  short. 

CASS. 

CAEL  E.  HOFFMAN,   ATLANTIC,  OCTOBER  15,   1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Season  favorable  and  crops 
extra  good. 

Corn — Yield  and  quality  good. 

Oats — Yield   from  40   to   75  bushels  per  acre   and   the   quality  good. 
Wheat — Good  quality. 
Rye — Not  much  raised;    quality   good. 
Barley — Very  good  yield. 
Fla^ — None   raised. 
Buckwheat — None. 
Millet — Not  much  grown. 
Sorghum — Not  much   raised. 
Timothy — Average  yield. 
Clover — Average  yield. 
Prairie  Hay — Very  little  prairie. 
Potatoes — Not  an  average  crop. 
Vegetables — Good. 

Apples — Very  few  apples  on  account  of  frost. 
Other  Fruits — Very  little. 
57    . 


898  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Cattle — Not  many  being  fed. 

Horses — Short;    generally   in    good    condition. 

Sioine — Eighty-five  per  cent  of  the  average  number. 

Sheep — Not  many  raised. 

Poultry — Plentiful. 

Bees — Very  few  bees. 

Drainage — Good   natural   drainage;    plenty   of   tiling   where   necessary. 

Other  Industries — Improving.  The  Atlantic  Canning  Company  said  to 
be  the  largest  packers  of  corn  in  the  world. 

Lands — Advancing  in  value.  Very  little  selling  until  October  1,  1912. 
Prices  range  from   $130.00  to   $175.00. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  9-13.  Good  attendance  on  the  first 
days  but  rain  reduced  the  income  considerably.  While  we  made  no 
money  for  the  treasury  we  did  improve  the  grounds  with  new  buildings. 

CARROLL. 

CHAS.    H.    PARSONS,    CARROLL,    SEPTEMBER    16,    1912. 

Corn — Stand  above  the  average  and  mostly  good;  some  damage  by 
wind.      Will   average   close    to    45    bushels. 

Oats — Good  quality.    Threshing  nearly  all  done;  yield  about  40  bushels. 

Wheat — ^Winter  wheat  fine;  quality  never  better;  yield  from  20  to  40 
bushels;   spring  wheat  will  average  about  18  bushels. 

Rye — Very  little  raised.     Will  average  about  30  bushels. 

Barley — Good  weight.  Rather  dark  color  on  account  of  rain.  Yield 
will  be  from  20  to  45  bushels. 

Flax — None    raised    here. 

Swine — About  all  of  the  old  hogs  shipped  out.  Not  so  many  pigs 
as  last  year;   cholera  prevalent  in  some  localities. 

Poultry — Goad  season  for  poultry;   fully  up  to  the  usual  standard. 

Drainage — Five  hundred  thousand  dollars  will  be  spent  in  Carroll 
County  for  drainage  and  tile  ditch  this  and  next  year. 

Lands — Values  from  $90  to  $200  per  acre;    average  about  $140.00. 

Report  of  Fair — A  great  success. 

CEDAR. 

C.    F.    SIMMERMAKER,    TIPTON,    OCTOBER    1,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Sea^07i — The  season  was  good  through- 
out;   crops    generally   good. 

Corn — A  large  acreage  and  a  good  crop.  If  the  frost  holds  off  a 
short  time  Cedar  County  will  have  one  of  its  best  crops. 

Oats — Good  crop;   going  from  40  to  70  bushels  per  acre. 

Wheat — Very   little  raised. 

Rye — Not  much  grown  but  good. 

Barley — Good  crop  and  fine  quality. 

Flax — None   raised. 

Buckioheat — I  know  of  none. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV      899 

Millet — ^Very  little  grown. 

Sorghum — None    raised. 

Timothy — A  good  crop  and  fine  quality. 

Glover — Fair  crop. 

ProArie  Hay — Not  any. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — None  to  speak  of. 

Potatoes — Good  crop  and  good  quality. 

Vegetables — Very   good;    plenty   of   all   kinds. 

Apples — Very  scarce;    less  than  half  a  crop. 

Other  Fruits — Plentiful;    plums  went  to   waste. 

Cattle — Good.  A  good  many  in  the  county  but  not  as  many  being 
fed  as  last  year. 

Horses — Scarce;    quality   good. 

Swine — Good  crop;  not  much  cholera. 

Sheep — An  average  number  on  the  farms. 

Poultry — Good;    increasing  year  after  year. 

Bees — Not  many;   honey  scarce. 

Drainage — County  most  all  drained  out. 

Other  Industries — Increasing. 

Lands — Very  high;  ranging  from  $125.00  to  $250.00  per  acre;  not 
many  sales  this  year,  however. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  3-6.  A  successful  fair.  Our  net 
profits  above  expenses  was  $1,100.00. 

CERRO    GORDO. 

ARTHUR    PICKFORD,    MASON    CITY,    OCTOBEK    15,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — All  crops  have  been  better 
than  for  several  seasons  past.      Weather  has  been  favorable. 

Corn — Good  stand.  Crop  was  about  two  weeks  late  in  ripening  but 
conditions  are  average. 

Oats — Better  than  for  many  years;  yielding  from  50  to  80  bushels 
per  acre  and  the  quality  excellent. 

Wheat — Not  in  many  years  has  there  been  so  good  a  crop  of  wheat 
of  such  excellent  berry.  Spring  wheat  has  again  become  one  of  the 
staple   crops   and   some   are   successful   in   growing  winter   wheat. 

Rye — Not  a  good  crop,  owing  mostly  to  the  fact  that  it  is  largely 
raised  to  furnish  fall  and  early  spring  pasturage,  and  because  of  too 
close  grazing  the  grain  yield  was  small  and  poor. 

Barley — Not  much  barley  grown  here.      Quality  and  yield  fair. 

Flax — What  little  was  grown  was  of  excellent  quality  and  fair  yield. 

Buckwheat — Not  enough  grown  to  report  on. 

Millet — Only  a  limited  amount  grown  as  a  catch  crop. 

Sorghum — None  grown. 

Timothy — A  great  deal  more  than  the  usual  amount  of  timothy  was 
cut  for  seed.      It  was  of  fine  quality  and  the  yield  better  than  common. 

Clover — No  clover  hay  on  account  of  a  total  failure  for  two  years. 
Spring  sown  seed  shows  up  very  fine  and  if  it  is  not  winter  killed  we 
shall  have  a  big  1913  crop. 


900  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Prairie  Hay — Very  little  left;  mostly  un-reclaimed  sloughs  and  low- 
land.    A  good  yield. 

Potatoes — A  splendid  crop  was  grown  this  year;  price  low  and  qual- 
ity good. 

Yegetatles — A  good   year   for  all   garden  truck. 

Apples — Not  enough  for  home  consumption. 

Other  Fruits — Small  fruits  were  plentiful  and   good. 

Cattle — Cattle  are  rather  scarce  and  prices  high.  They  are  in  good 
condition,  owing  to  the  excellent  feed  during  the  summer. 

Horses — The  usual  number  of  foals. 

Sheep — Slightly  on  the  increase.  They  are  in  better  form  than  usual 
at  this  season  of  the  year. 

Poultry — A  good  year  to  raise  young  poultry  owing  to  the  lack  of 
heavy  rains.     Prices  for  eggs  and  fowls  have  been  higher  than  common. 

Bees — Many  hives  winter  killed  and  the  lack  of  bloom  has  made  this 
a  poor  year  for  honey. 

Drainage — More  attention  is  being  paid  to  drainage  than  ever  before. 
Wet  years  or  dry  years  seem  to  make  no  difference  in  the  amount  of 
tile   laid. 

Other  Industries — Brick  and  tile  and  cement  companies  doing  a  good 
business. 

Lands — Selling  from  $75.00  to  $150.00  per  acre,  according  to  location 
and  improvements.  Sales  have  been  made  as  high  as  $200.00.  Most 
of  the  buyers  are  purchasing  for  homes  and  not  for  speculation. 

Report  of  i^air— Held  September  9-13.  Rained  on  Tuesday  and  Fri- 
day, However,  from  the  point  of  exhibits  and  attendance  the  fair  was 
the  best  we  have  ever  had. 

CHICKASAW. 

C.    L.    PUTNEY,    NASHUA,    SEPTEMBER    20,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — General  average  crops;  bet- 
ter than  for  a  number  of  years. 

Corn — Some  pieces  a  little  late  but  weather  conditions  favorable. 
Most  of  it  will  make  from  50  to  90  bushels  per  acre. 

Oats — Good   quality;    yielding  from  40  to  75  bushel's  per  acre. 

Wheat — More  raised  than  usual;  yielding  from  20  to  35  bushels. 

Rye — Small  acreage;   good  quality;   fair  yield. 

Barley — Same  as  rye. 

Flax — None. 

Buckwheat — Very  little. 

Millet — Good  crop. 

Sorghum — Very  little  raised. 

Timothy — Crop  better  than  for  a  number  of  years. 

Clover — Good. 

Prairie  Hay — Very  little  acreage  left. 

Potatoes — Early  ones  a  fair  crop;  late  ones  good. 

Vegetables — Plenty  and  of  good  quality. 

Apples — Poor  year. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  901 

Other  Fruits — Grapes  and  plums  good;   also  small  fruits. 

Cattle — Quality  improved.    Feed  plentiful  a,nd  stock  in  good  condition. 

Horses — About  the  usual  number  raised  and   of  better  stock. 

Swine — Hog  cholera  last  fall  and  winter  reduced  the  stock  of  hogs 
and  there  will  not  be  as  many  marketed  as  usual. 

Sheep — Not  many  but  more  farmers  are  buying  them. 

Poultry — Gradually   on   the   increase. 

Bees — Very  few. 

Drainage — Considerable  work  has  been  done  in  the  past  three  years. 

Lands — Increasing  in  value;  ranging  from  $100.00  to  $180.00  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  at  Nashua  September  2-6th.  Weather  conditions 
favorable;  attractions  satisfactory  and  exhibits  good.  Altogether  the 
best  fair  we  have  ever  had. 

CHICKASAW. 

F.    D.    GRIFFIN,    NEW    HAMPTON,    OCTOBER    18,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 

Corn — Fair  yield;  about  40  bushels  per  acre.  Two-thirds  of  the  crop 
fully  matured. 

0\ats — Extra  good;   average  yield  50  bushels. 

Wheat — Not  much  grown;    average  yield;    about  20  bushels  per  acre. 

Rye — Fair. 

Barley — Good;  average  yield  40  bushels  per  acre. 

Flax — Fair;  average  15  bushels  per  acre. 

BucTcioheiat — Fair  crop. 

Millet — Good. 

Sorg  hum — Good . 

Timothy — Fair. 

Clover — Not    much    grown. 

Prairie  Hay — Light  crop. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Fair. 

Potatoes — Good. 

Yegetahles — Good. 

Apples — Light  crop. 

Other  Fruits — Good. 

Cattle — Shorthorns,  Holsteins,  Polled  Angus  and  Galloways. 

Horses — Clydesdales,    Percherons,    Belgians    and   Coach. 

Swine — Poland   Chinas,    Chester  White   and   Duroc. 

Sheep — Medium   and   long  wool. 

Poultry — All  kinds. 

Drainage — Good. 

Other  Industries — None  to  speak  of. 

Lands — In   good   condition;    increasing   in   value. 

Report  of  Fair — Attendance  extra  good;  weather,  attractions  and  ex- 
hibits all  good.      Held  at  New  Hampton  on  September  10-14. 


902  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

CLAYTON. 

HENRY   LUEHSEN,    GABNAVIIXO,    SEPTEMBER   23,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — About  the  average. 

Corn — The  grub  worm  has  done  considerable  damage;  the  crop  is 
a  good  average. 

Oats — A  very  good  yield.  Some  of  the  farmers  report  on  80  per  cent 
crop;    good  quality. 

Wheat — Not  much  raised. 

Rye — A  good  crop. 

Barley — Not  quite  as  good  as  in  former  years  but  will  average  about 
85  per  cent. 

Flax — None   raised. 

Buckwlieat — None  raised. 

Millet — None  raised. 

Sorghum — A  fair  yield. 

Timothy — A  good  crop;   will  average  about  80  per  cent. 

Clover — "Will  average  about  75  per  cent. 

Prairie   Hay — A   fair   yield. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — A  good  average  crop. 

Potatoes — The  grub  worm  ruined  considerable  of  the  early  crop  but 
late  ones  will  be  good;    yielding  about  80  per  cent. 

Vegetables — A  good  crop. 

Apples — A   very    small  yield   in    this   part   of   the    state. 

Other  Fruits — A   good   average  yield;    grapes   in   particular. 

Cattle — Our  farmers  are  still  improving  their  large  herds.  Beef  cattle 
are  in  great  demand. 

Horses — Still  bringing  a  good  price  on  the  market  and  Clayton  county 
farmers  have  some  very  choice  animals. 

Swine — Still  the  principal  industry  of  the  county.  Our  farmers  are 
raising   them   in   large   numbers. 

Sheep — Some  large  flocks  of  high  grade  animals. 

Poultry — One  of  our  best  industries.  High  prices  for  both  eggs  and 
fowls  makes  it  a  very  profitable  business. 

Bees — Quite  a  number  of  hives  did  not  stand  the  winter;  some  re- 
port a  loss  of  as  many  as  50  to  75  good  swarms. 

Drainage — Natural. 

Other  Industries — Creamery  doing  a  good  business. 

Lands — Still  going  up  in  price  and  little  for  sale.  Prices  range  from 
$50.00  to  $150.00  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  10-13,  1912.  The  attendance  was  not 
as  large  as  in  some  former  years  but  the  exhibits  were  up  to  the  aver- 
age, the  stock  exhibits  being  exceptionally  good.  The  weather  was  not 
very  favorable  the  last  day. 


I'HiRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  903 

CLAYTON. 

11.   A.   AXTKLL,    STRAWBERRY   POINT,    OCTOBER    22,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Fair. 
Corn — 70  per  cent.      About  40  bushels  per  acre. 
Oats — 85  per  cent.     About  40  bushels  per  acre. 
Wheat — Good. 
Rye — Good. 

Barley — Fair;   about  30  bushels  per  acre. 
Flax — None. 

Buckwheat — Good;    25  bushels  per  acre. 
Timothy — Good. 
Clover — Good. 
Prairie  Hay — Good. 
Potatoes — Good. 
Vegetables — Good. 
Apples — None. 
Other  Fruits — Good. 
Cattle — In  good   condition. 
Horses — Good. 

Swine — 80  per  cent  of  the  usual  number. 
Sheep — Not  many  in  this  township. 
Poultry — Good. 

Drainage — Not  very  much  in. 
Lands — Good. 

Report  of  Fair — Larger  attendance   than   ever  before.      Held  Septem- 
ber 3-6   inclusive. 

CLAYTON. 

D.    E.    MVINGOOD,    ELKADER,    OCTOBER    28,    1912. 

General  'condition    of    Crops    and    Season — Plenty    of    moisture    with 
good  crops  in  general. 
Corn — Large  crop. 
Oats — Good. 
Wheat — Good. 
Rye — Good. 
Barley — Good. 
Flax — None. 

Buckwheat — Not  much  raised. 
Millet — Hardly    any. 
Sorghum — Very  little  grown. 
Timothy — Fair  crop;   quality  good. 
Clover — Good. 
Potatoes — Bumper  crop. 
Vegetables — Large  variety  and  all  good. 
Apples — Scarce. 

Other  Fruits — Berries  plentiful. 
Cattle — Breeds  are  good  and  improving. 
Horses — Good  breeds  and  improving. 


904  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Swine — Good  breeds  and  improving. 

Sheep — Not  many  raised  but  they  are  of  good  breeding. 

Poultry — Many  varieties  and  improving. 

Bees — Not  much  interest  in  this  industry. 

Uands — Improving  under  good  management.  Increasing  in  value  very 
rapidly,  selling  from  $65.00   to  $125.00  per  acre;    some  higher. 

Report  of  Fair — Fair  held  September  25-27.  Bad  weather  most  of  the 
time. 

CRAWFORD. 

O.  M.  CRESWELL,  ARIOX,  OCTOBER  15,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 
Corn — Generally  good. 
Oats — Fine. 

Wheat — ^Fall  excellent ;    spring  good. 
Rye — None  raised. 
Barley — Good. 
Flax — None. 
Buckwheat — None. 
Millet— Gooa. 

Sorghum — Very  little  raised  but  good. 
Timothy — Light  crop. 
Clover — Good. 
Prairie  Hay — None. 
Potatoes — Excellent. 
Vegetables — Good. 
Apples — None. 

Other  Fruits — Small  fruits  good. 
Cattle — Scarce. 

H.orses — Enough   to   supply   demand. 
Stmne — Short  crop. 
Sheep — Very  few;    some   feeding. 
Poultry — Good  supply. 
Bees — Very  few. 
Drainage — Very   little. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  10-13.  Very  rainy  weather  for  fair. 
Only  had  one  good  day. 

CLINTON. 

G.    H.    OHRISTENSEN,    DEWITT,    OCTOBER    8,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Above  the  average. 

Com — Very  good;   40  to  75  bushels  per  acre. 

Oafs— Yield  from  40  to  80  bushels  per  acre. 

Wheat— Yield  20  bushels  per  acre. 

Rye — 75  per  cent  of  a  crop. 

Barley — None. 

Fla>x — None. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  905 

Buckwheat — None. 
Millet — Small  crop. 
Sorghum — Small  acreage. 
Timothy — Fair  crop. 
Clover — None. 
Prairie  Hay — None. 
Potatoes — One-half  crop. 
Apples — Not  over  20  per  cent  of  a  crop. 
Other  Fruits — None. 
Cattle — Good. 
Horses — Good. 

Swine — Not  as  many   as   usual. 
Sheep — None. 
Poultry — Good. 
Bees — None. 
Lands — Very  high. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  11-13.  The  best  fair  in  the  history 
of  the  association. 

DAVIS. 

H.    C.    LEACH,    BLOOMFIELD,    OCTOBER    19,    1912. 

Corn — Large  acreage;   good  yield;   good  quality. 

Oats — Large  acreage;  good  quality.     Best  crop  in  years. 

Wheat — Small  acreage;    small  yield. 

Rye — Not  much  raised  this  year. 

Barley — None. 

Flax — None. 

Buckwheat — None  raised  this  year. 

Millet — Good  acreage;  .crop  fine;   quality  good. 

Sorghum — Small  crop;   good  quality. 

Timothy — Good  crop;   fine  quality. 

Clover — Small  crop  this  year. 

Prairie  Hay — Not  much  here  any  more. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Good;   quality  first  class. 

Potatoes — Small  crop;   good  quality. 

Vegeta'bles — Good  crop;    quality  first  class. 

Apples — Practically   a   failure;    small   crop;    poor   quality. 

Other  Fruits — No  peaches,  pears,  or  grapes. 

Cattle — Scarce;    farmers  shipped  out  too  many  calves. 

Horses — About  as  usual;    plentiful  and  prices  fair. 

Swine — Quality  about  as  usual;  healthy  and  bringing  a  good  price. 

Sheep — All  doing  well;  lambs  and  old  sheep  selling  at  fair  prices. 

Poultry — Not  quite  as  many  raised  as  usual  on  account  of  grain  being 
so  high  last  spring. 

Bees — Not  many  here. 

Drainage — A  great  deal  of  talk  about  draining  Pox  river  bottom. 
Nothing  done  up  to  this  date. 


906  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Lands — Not  selling  very  lively  but  prices  remain  from  $50.00  to  $150.00 
per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair— Held  September  10-13,  1912.  Had  the  largest  fair  in 
the  history  of  Davis  County. 

DECATUR. 

E.    E,    M'LAUGHLIN,    LEON,    NOVEMBKB    12,    1912, 

Corn — Corn  will  average  about  110  per  cent;  quality  95  per  cent. 

Oats — 120  per  cent,  the  greatest  crop  the  county  ever  had;  quality  100 
per  cent. 

Wheat — 110   per   cent;    quality   95   per   cent. 

Rye — None. 

Barley — Not  any. 

Fl<ix — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — I  know  of  none. 

Millet — 110  per  cent;   average  yield;   quality  100  per  cent. 

Sorghum — Raised  only  for  home  consumption. 

Timothy — Average  110  per  cent;   quality  100  per  cent. 

Clover — Yield  95  per  cent;   quality  100  per  cent. 

Prairie  Hay — Yield  100  per  cent.     Very  little  left  in  the  county. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Blue  grass  an  average  crop. 

Potatoes — Average  yield  about  25  per  cent. 

Apples — Yield  25  per  cent;  quality  50  per  cent. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  the  largest  crop  ever  raised;  quality  fine.  Cher- 
ries also  very  good. 

Cattle — Comparatively  few  cattle  in  this  county. 

Horses — The  usual  number.      Quality  improving, 

Swine — 50  per  cent.     A  good  deal  of  cholera. 

Sheep — Quality  is  improving. 

Poultry — On  the  increase. 

Bees — Many  bees  winter  killed,  not  enough  honey  for  home  con- 
sumption. 

Drainage — Natural  drainage. 

Lands — Have  not  increased  the  last  year.  But  very  few  cash  sales 
of  land. 

DELAWARE. 

J.    B.    HIGMAN,    MANCHESTER,    SEPTEMBER    17,    1912. 

Corn — Nearly  all  early  planted  corn  out  of  the  way  of  frost  but  quite 
a  large  acreage  requires  two  to  three  weeks  to  mature. 

Oats — Best  we  have  had  for  several  years. 

Wheat — Good  quality  but  very  little  raised. 

Rye — All  that  was  sowed  early  last  fall  is  good.  That  sown  late 
not  so  good. 

Barley — About  30  bushels  per  acre. 

BucJcwheat — Heavy  growth. 

Timothy— Fvova  one-half  to  one  ton  per  acre, 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV      907 

Glover — About  two  tons  per  acre. 

Prairie  Hay — Good. 

Potatoes — Good  prospect  for  late  potatoes. 

Apples — Poor  crop. 

Cattle — Healthy  and  in  good  condition;   good  milch  cows  bring  $50.00. 

Horses — Prices  hold  about  the  same. 

Smine — Not  more  than  two-thirds  of  average  number.  Some  hog 
cholera. 

Sheep — Declining. 

Poultry — More  than  the  average  number  this  year;  good  prices  pre- 
vailing. 

Lands — Increasing  in  value  from  ten  to  twenty  dollars  per  year. 

Report  of  Fair — On  account  of  Buffalo  Bill's  Wild  West  Show  being 
held  in  Manchester  during  our  fair  dates  our  fair  was  a  financial  failure. 

DICKINSON. 

W.    W.    WHITE,    SPIRIT    LAKE,    SEPTEMBER    16,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Crop  conditions  above  the 
average.  Crop  season  favorable  although  dry  weather  is  needed  to  ma- 
ture late  corn. 

Corn — Average  acreage;  good  stand;   heavy  yield;  excellent  quality. 

Oats — Average  acreage;  heavy  yield.  Conservatively  estimated  at  55 
bushels  per  acre;    good  quality. 

Wheat — Small  acreage  of  winter  wheat;  yield  reported  extra  good. 
Spring  wheat  yield  about  20  bushels  per  acre;   quality  good. 

Rye — Very  little;   no  report. 

Barley — Light  acreage;    good  yield  and  quality. 

Flax — Acreage  below  average;  yield  and  quality  good. 

Buckwheat — No  report. 

Millet — Heavy  yield;  small  acreage. 

Sorghum — Heavy  yield;  small  acreage. 

Timothy — Heavy  hay  crop;  above  average  amount  of  seed  harvested. 

Clover — Heavy  hay  crop;   no  seed  crop  reported. 

Prairie  Hay — Heavy  yield. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Small  acreage  of  alfalfa.  Yield  reported 
above  average. 

Potatoes — Early  and  late  potato  acreage  about  average.  Yield  above 
the  average. 

Yegetahles — Good  quality;    heavy  yield. 

Apples — Light  crop. 

Other  Fruits — Strawberries,  raspberries,  blackberries,  etc.,  yield  heavy; 
quality  excellent. 

Cattle — Not  so  many  as  usual.     In  good  condition. 

Horses — Average  number;  in  good  condition. 

Sioine — Pig  crop  about  average.      In  good  condition  and  healthy. 

Sheep — Not  so  many  as  usual. 

Poultry — Supply  as  good,  or  above,  the  average. 

Bees — Light  supply.     Condition  and  production  good. 


908  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Drainaffe — Not  so  much  work  done  as  in  1911. 
Lands — Demand  strong;  prices  above  last  year. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  10-12.    Weather  favorable;  attendance 
good. 

DICKINSON. 

F.   H.  KELSEY,    MILFORD,   OCTOBER  23,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 

Corn — Good, 

Oats — Good. 

Wheat— Good. 

Rye — Good. 

Barley — Good. 

Flax — Good. 

Buckwheat — Good. 

Millet— Fsiiv. 

Timothy — Good. 

Clover — Fair. 

Prairie  Hay — Good. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Not  any  to  amount  to  anything. 

Potatoes — Good. 

Vegetables — Good. 

Apples — None. 

Other  Fruits — Pair. 

Cattle — Good. 

Horses — Good. 

Swine — Good. 

Sheep — Good. 

Poultry — Good. 

Bees — Good. 

Drainage — Good. 

Other  Industries — Good. 

Lands — High. 

Report  of  Fair— Held  September  4-6  inclusive  at  Milford. 


PAYETTE. 

C.   H.  KNOS,  OELWEIN,  OCTOBER  29,   1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Very  good. 

Corn — Corn  is  a  fair  crop;   quality  not  so  good. 

Oats — Very  good  crop;  quality  good. 

Rye — Not  much  raised  in  the  county. 

Barley — Fairly  good. 

Timothy — For  hay,  not  very  good. 

Potatoes — More  than  enough  to  supply  the  needs  of  the  county. 

Vegetables — Good. 

Apples — Not  many. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  909 

Cattle — This  is  a  dairy  county.  Do  not  believe  there  are  enough  cattle 
in  the  county  to  supply  the  demand.  The  price  for  cows  has  advanced 
from  $10  to  $15  per  head. 

Smine — Not  so  many  as  usual;  cholera  prevalent. 

Drainage — Considerable  being  done. 

Lands — We  believe  more  farms  have  been  sold  at  an  advance  of  from 
$10  to  $20  per  acre  than  ever  before  in  one  year. 


PAYETTE. 

E.    A.    IMC   ILREB,    WEST   UNION,    OCTOBER    10,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — The  most  favorable  season  for 
crops  we  have  had  for  many  years.  The  year  of  1912  will  be  referred 
to  for  many  years  as  one  of  the  best  for  general  farming  purposes. 

Corn — There  was  an  unusual  growth  of  stalks  and  a  very  satisfactory 
earing  of  the  corn  crop.  The  first  killing  frost  damaged  the  corn  and 
fodder  about  ten  per  cent. 

Oats — One  of  the  best  crops  of  that  grain  matured  for  the  past  ten 
years.     No  rust  to  speak  of  and  the  quality  of  grain  was  extra  good. 

WTieai— Gradually  coming  back  in  a  small  way  for  milling  purposes. 
The  wheat  crop  has  been  very  satisfactory  for  the  past  four  or  five  years 
and  many  farmers  are  sowing  a  little  for  their  own  use. 

Rye — Not  raised  very  extensively  in  this  county.  It  has  been  winter 
killed  a  great  deal  of  late  years. 

Barley — ^Was  a  very  good  crop  but  the  yield  was  shaded  off  a  little  by 
the  dry  weather  while  it  was  filling. 

Flax — Is  not  grown  in  sufficient  quantity  to  be  worthy  of  report. 

Buckwheat — Not  grown  in  sufficient  quantity  to  be  worthy  of  report. 

Millet — Not  grown  very  largely  for  stock  feed.  A  little  is  grown  for 
poultry,  but  not  much. 

Sorghum — The  cultivation  of  sorghum  has  increased  quite  noticeably  in 
the  last  few  years  and  the  crop  this  year  was  fine. 

Timothy — For  seed  is  not  grown  so  much  as  in  former  years  and  the 
crop  was  a  little  light  this  year  on  account  of  the  dry  weather. 

Clover — In  this  county  has  been  very  greatly  cut  down  in  the  past 
three  years  by  failure  to  get  a  stand  and  by  winter  killing.  Not  many 
good  fields. 

Prairie  Hay — A  thing  of  the  past  in  this  county. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Not  grown  in  the  county  to  any  consider- 
able extent. 

Potatoes — The  best  crop  for  many  years. 

Vegetables — In  the  early  part  of  the  season  did  not  do  very  well,  but 
in  the  latter  part  of  the  season  were  exceptionally  good. 

Apples — Were  a  very  small  crop.  In  fact  the  smallest  crop  matured 
for  several  years;   a  good  many  orchards  having  none. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  were  the  greatest  crop  ever  known  here.  Grapes, 
blackberries,  raspberries  very  poor.  Strawberries  and  currants  fine 
crop. 


910  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Cattle — Have  had  an  exceptionally  favorable  year;  an  abundance  of 
feed,  with  no  disease  of  any  kind. 

Horses — On  the  increase.  Farmers  appear  to  be  stocking  up  on  horses 
of  a  better  quality  than  formerly. 

Swine — More  plentiful  than  for  three  or  four  years  and  so  far  as 
known  are  free  from  disease. 

Sheep — Have  done  exceptionally  well  and  flocks  have  been  considerably 
increased. 

Poultry — Did  very  well  in  the  forepart  of  the  season  and  a  very  large 
number  were  marketed.  There  has  been  a  great  deal  of  disease  since  the 
rainy  season. 

Bees — Nearly  eliminated  by  the  disease  of  the  past  three  years. 

Drainage — Considered  from  the  standpoint  of  the  laying  of  tile  has  very 
greatly  increased  this  summer;  many  miles  of  drainage  having  been 
put  in. 

Other  IndusttHes — Have  flourished  as  never  before  by  reason  of  the 
good  times,  and  the  unusual  demand  for  all  kinds  of  material  and  labor. 
Very  large  amount  of  building  has  been  done  and  is  still  in  progress. 

Lands — Have  increased  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent  since  the  first  of 
January  and  are  still  on  the  rise. 

Report  of  Fair — The  fair  this  year  was  held  at  West  Union  on  Septem- 
ber 2-6.  The  Association  adopted  a  new  plan  this  year  and  held  the 
fair  an  extra  day  and  also  had  two  night  fairs,  which  were  very  greatly 
to  the  advantage  of  the  society.  The  extra  day  enabled  them  to  get 
around  one  very  rainy  day  with  a  small  attendance  and  enabled  the  so- 
ciety to  pay  for  a  large  new  horse  barn  and  left  a  surplus  in  the  treas- 
ury of  over  $500.00.  The  Fayette  County  Fair  this  year  closed  giving 
universal  satisfaction  and  leaving  a  handsome  surplus  for  future  use. 


FRANKLIN. 

C.    D.    WILLIAMS,    HAMPTON,    OCTOBER    17,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good;  early  frost  hurt  corn. 

Corn — 92  per  cent. 

Oats — 100  per  cent. 

Wheat — 100  per  cent.      Acreage  has  been  small  but  is  increasing. 

Rye — 95  per  cent. 

Barley — 105  per  cent. 

Buckwheat — 95  per  cent.      Not  much  raised. 

Millet — Same  as  buckwheat. 

Sorghum — 95  per  cent.      But  little  grown. 

Timothy — 115  per  cent. 

Glover — 100  per  cent. 

Potatoes — 110  per  cent. 

Yegeta'bles — 100  per  cent. 

Apples — 15  per  cent. 

Other  Fruits — 95  per  cent. 

Cattle — Supply  75  per  cent.      Condition  100  per  cent. 

Horses — Supply  100  per  cent.      Condition  100  per  cent. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV      911 

Stoine — Supply  85  per  cent.     Condition  95  per  cent. 
Sheep — Supply  75  per  cent.      Condition  100  per  cent. 
Poultry — Supply  and  condition  100  per  cent. 
Bees — Supply  80  per  cent.      Condition  85  per  cent. 
Drainage — Large  amount  being  done. 
Other  Industries — Some  factories  coming  in.      All  busy. 
Lands — 20  per  cent  of  an  increase  in  price  for  1912. 
Report  of  i^air— Held  September  24-27. 


GREENE. 

S.    C.   CULBERTSOX,    JEFFERSON,    OCTOBER    25,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Crops  generally  very  good. 
Have  had  an  ideal  season. 

Corn — Yield  estimated  at  from  40  to  75  bushels  per  acre.  Large 
acreage. 

Oats — Yield  about  40  to  50  bushels  per  acre  and  of  good  quality. 

Wheat — But  small  acreage;  yield  from  25  to  30  bushels. 

Rye — But  little  raised. 

Barley — Little  raised. 

Flax — None  to  speak  of. 

Buckwheat — Very  little   sown. 

Millet — Very  good  crop. 

Sorghum — But  little  grov/n. 

Timothy — Fair  crop  of  hay.     Lack  of  early  rains  cut  the  crop  short. 

Clover — Large  crop  but  no  seed  in  it. 

Prairie  Hay — Acreage  small;   crop  good. 

Potatoes — Very  light  crop.  Dealers  buying  elsewhere  for  local  de- 
mand. 

Vegetables — Unsually  good  crop  and  quality. 

Apples — Almost  a  complete  failure. 

Other  Fruits — Cherries,  strawberries  and  grapes  good. 

Cattle — A  shortage  of  all  kinds.  Not  as  many  on  feed  as  usual  at 
this  time.     Quality  is  getting  better. 

Horses — Quality  of  draft  horses  excellent.  There  seems  to  be  a  short- 
age at  this  time  and  prices  are  high. 

Sunne — To  start  with  we  had  a  light  stock  of  pigs  and  at  present  the 
hogs  are  dying  in  all  parts  of  the  county.  Shortage  here  next  spring 
will  be  heavy. 

Sheep — Not  many  raised. 

Poultry — Much  interest  is  being  taken  in  the  raising  of  fine  and  better 
poultry.    In  healthy  condition. 

Bees — Not  any. 

Drainage — Greene  County  is  doing  a  vast  amount  of  drainage.  Several 
county  drains  put  in  this  season  and  more  contemplated.  Also  lots  of 
private  drainage  being  done. 

Other  Industries — Merchants  have  generally  had  an  unusually  good 
business  this  season  and  banks  have  plenty  of  cash  for  local  demand 
and  deposits  are  growing. 


912  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Land^ — Quite  a  lot  of  land  changed  hands  this  fall  and  prices  have 
been  from  $15.00  to  $20.00  higher  than  last  year.  Best  farms  and  im- 
provements sell  at  $160.00  to  $175.00  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  October  10-13.  Taken  altogether  it  was  a  most 
satisfactory  fair. 

GRUNDY. 

E.    V.    M'BROOM,    GRUNDY    CENTER,    OCTOBER    26,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Crops  considerably  better 
than  in  former  years.  The  season  was  quite  backward  in  the  spring; 
quite  dry  and  hot  in  the  early  summer  and  wet  during  the  fall. 

Corn — Exceptionally  good  crop;  yielding  from  40  to  75  bushels  per 
acre. 

Oats — Considerably  above  the  average.  The  average  yield  was  about 
50  bushels  per  acre;  quality  good. 

Wheat — About  twenty-five  per  cent  of  the  wheat  winter  killed.  What 
survived  yielded  about  twenty  bushels  per  acre.      Quality  good. 

Rye — Not  much  raised.  Yield  about  20  bushels  per  acre  and  quality 
good. 

Barley — Yield  and  quality  of  barley  good;  yielding  about  forty  to 
forty-five  bushels  per  acre. 

Flax — Only  a  few  fields  of  flax  in  the  county. 

Buckwheat — Not  much  grown. 

Millet — Very  little  grown.     What  there  is  is  yielding  heavily. 

Sorghum — Only  raised  in  small  quantities  but  yielding  heavily. 

Timothy — Above  the  average.  What  was  cut  for  hay  yielded  about  a 
ton  to  a  ton  and  a  half  per  acre.  That  cut  for  seed  yielded  about  eight 
bushels. 

Clover — First  crop  yielded  about  two  and  one-half  tons  per  acre;  sec- 
ond crop  about  one  and  one-half  tons  per  acre. 

Prairie  Hay — Little  or  no  prairie  hay  in  the  county. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — A  few  small  fields  of  alfalfa;  yield  only  fair. 

Potatoes — Yielded  from  125  to  200  bushels  per  acre;   quality  good. 

Vegetables — All  vegetables  did  well. 

Apples — Almost  a  complete  failure. 

Other  Fruits — Only  a  few  cherries  and  an  abnormal  crop  of  plums  and 
grapes. 

Cattle — A  shortage  of  cattle  during  the  summer  although  the  fall 
demand  has  been  quite  well  supplied.  About  the  usual  number  on 
feed. 

Horses — The  supply  of  horses  seems  to  be  considerable  greater  than 
the    demand. 

Swine — Only  about  75  per  cent  of  what  it  was  last  year.  About 
20  per  cent  have  already  died  from  cholera. 

Sheep — About  normal.  Not  raised  extensively  but  we  have  the  best 
grades  and  they  are  well  cared  for. 

Poultry — Considerable  attention  paid  to  poultry  raising.  About  20 
per  cent  more  being  raised  than  last  year. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  913 

Bees — Winter  very  severe  on  bees.  Not  much  attention  being  paid 
to    them. 

Drainage — No    county    drainage.       Considerable    tiling   being    done. 

Lands — Gradually  increasing;  being  listed  all  the  way  from  $150.00 
per  acre  to  $225.00.  The  fertility  of  the  soil  has  been  considerably 
improved    of   late. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  17-19th.  The  exhibits  in  most  de- 
partments were  much  larger  than  in  former  years.  The  attendance 
was  good  considering  the  weather,  there  being  between  seven  and  eight 
thousand    in    attendance. 

GUTHRIE. 

J.    A.    MCLAUGHLIN,    GUTHRIE    CENTER,    OCTOBER    29,    1912. 

Corn — Bumper  crop.     Wet  season. 

Oats — Fair. 

Wheat — Very    good. 

Millet— Gooa. 

Sorghum — Good. 

Timothy — Good. 

Clover — Good. 

Prairie  Hay — Good. 

Other   Grains    and   Grasses — Fair. 

Potatoes — Fair. 

Vegetables — Good. 

Apples — Poor. 

Other  Fruits — Good. 

Cattle — Scarce. 

Horses — Not  plentiful. 

SvAne — Too  much  hog  cholera. 

Sheep — Good.     Not  very  many. 

Poultry — Average. 

Bees — Fair. 

Drainage — Good. 

Other  Industries — Medium. 

Lands — High. 

Report  of  Fair — Dates  24-27,   1912.     Rained  some  every  day. 

HANCOCK. 

R.  J.   MC  MILLEN,  BRITT,  OCTOBER  19,  1912. 

General   Condition  of   Crops   and  Season — In   general   very  good. 
Corn — Most  of  the  corn  well  out  of  the  way  of  frost.      The  yield  will 
be  from  50  to  65  bushels. 

Oats — Very   heavy,   yielding  from   50   to   90   bushels. 
Wheat — Not  much  raised.     Did  not  seem   to  fill  well. 
Rye — Small   patches   grown;    yield   good. 
Barley — Very   little   grown   but  a,  good   crop. 
58 


914  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Flax — Best  crop  we  have  ever  had.  Yielded  as  high  as  20  bushels 
per  acre. 

Buckmlieat — Small  patches  raised,  mostly  for  private  use. 

Millet — Big   crop   for   feed;    not   much   threshed. 

Sorghum — None    raised. 

Timothy — Big  fields  threshed  out  and  yielded  heavy.  Price  dropped 
considerably. 

Glover — None  raised. 

Prairie  Hay — A  very  good  crop   of  lowland  hay. 

Potatoes — Big  yield;  quality  good;  price  low.  Being  shipped  out  by 
carloads, 

VegetaMes — Plentiful. 

Apples — Not  any. 

Other  Fruits — Cherries  and  plums  a  big  crop;  small  berries  also  good. 

Giattle — High   price  and   in  good   condition. 

Horses — Selling   high.      Supply   fair. 

Svnne — A  great  many  raised.      Very  high  price  and  no  disease. 

Sheep — Few   raised. 

Poultry — Raised    in    big   bunches. 

Bees — But  few  bees  kept. 

Drainage — Six  big   ditches   drain   the   county   well. 

Lands — Big  advance  over  last  year  and  quite  a  little  changing  hands. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  2-6th.  Had  fair  crowds  but  we  don't 
seem  to  get  the  support  of  the  county.  Taken  too  much  as  a  one  town 
affair. 

HARDIN. 

H.    S.    MARTIN,    ELDORA,    OCTOBER    10,    1912. 

Corn — Heavy  yield;  some  corn  hurt  by  frost. 
Oats — 40   to   75   bushels. 

Wheat — ^Winter  wheat  went  20  to  40  bushels;   spring  wheat  15  to  20. 
Rye — Fair. 
Barley — Good. 
Timothy — Average. 
Clover — Fair. 

Prairie  Hay — None,   with   the   exception   of   slough   or  marsh   hay. 
Potatoes — Good  quality;  light  yield. 
Apples — Light  crop. 
Other  Fruits — Good. 
Cattle — Good  condition;    scarce. 
Horses — Average. 
Swine — About    an    average. 
Sheep — Not  many  here. 
Poultry — Average. 

Lands— A  good     deal  changing  hands.     Selling  from  $100.00  to  $200.00 
per  acre. 
Report  of  Fair— Held  September  3-6. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  915 

HARRISON. 

A.    B.    HASBROOK,    MISSOURI    VAIXEY,    OCTOBER,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — A  very  favorable  season.  Ex- 
cellent crops. 

Corn — A  larger  crop  than  for  many  years. 

Oats — Better  than  for  many  years  but  only  fair. 

Wheat — A  bumper  crop,  both  as  to  yield  and  quality.  Also  a  larger 
acreage  than  in  former  years. 

Rye — Very  little  rye  was  raised  but  the  yield  and  quality  were  good. 

Barley — Almost  none  produced. 

Buckwheat — ^Very  little  grown. 

Millet — What  little  was  raised  was  of  good  quality  and  abundant  yield. 

Sorghum — Principally  raised   for  forage. 

Timothy — Little  produced.    Crop  cut  short  by  dry  weather  in  June. 

Clover — This  crop  not  extra  owing  to  dry  weathei;. 

Prairie  Hay — Less  every  year.  Rainy  weather  has  been  unfavorable 
to  the  harvesting  of  this  crop  and  much  of  the  hay  is  of  inferior  quality. 

Potatoes — Fair  crop;  quality  good.  Potatoes  have  been  an  uncertain 
crop  for  years.    Dry  weather  usually  cuts  the  crop  short. 

Vegetables — All  kinds  are  abundant;  quality  good.  All  melons  ex- 
ceptionally good. 

Apples — A  very  light  crop;    quality  only  fair. 

Other  Fruits — All  small  fruits  abundant;    pears  yielded  well. 

Cattle — The  leading  beef  breeds  are  Herefords,  Short  Horns  and  Red 
Polled.  The  Jerseys  are  the  favorites  for  dairying  although  some  other 
breeds  are  raised. 

Horses — Percherons  are  more  numerous  than  any  <jther  breed.  The 
present  high  prices  for  horses  tends  greatly  to  increase  the  production 
of  horses  in  this  county. 

Swine — The  mortgage  lifters.  Great  numbers  are  raised.  Duroc  Jersey 
is  the  favorite  breed.    Poland  Chinas  come  next. 

Poultry — The  poultry  show  at  the  fair  was  not  up  to  former  years. 

Drainage — A  great  interest  manifested  in  drainage  and  much  of  the 
swamp  area  has  already  been  reclaimed. 

Lands — Have  increased  in  value  greatly. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  24-27.  Bad  weather  made  it  almost 
a  failure.    We  had  but  small  exhibits  and  a  very  small  attendance. 


HENRY. 

JOHN    A.    BAXTER,    WINFIELD,    OCTOBER    28,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — A  very  prosperous  year. 

Corn — Good.     Averaging  from  30  to  70  bushels  per  acre. 

Oats — Fair  crop;   averaging  from  25  to  40  bushels;   good  quality. 

Wheat — ^Very  little  sown  but  fair  crop  and  good  quality. 

Rye — None  to  speak  of. 

Barley — Good.    Very  little  sown. 

Flax — None  grown. 


916  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Buckwheat — ^None  sown. 

Millet — Good.    Very   little   sown. 

Sorghum — Fair. 

Timothy — Very  light  crop;    too  dry. 

Clover — Light  crop. 

Prairie  Hay — None. 

Other   Grains  and   Grasses — Medium. 

Potatoes — About   one-fourth   crop;    too   dry. 

Vegetables — Fair  but  too  dry. 

Apples — Some  early  apples  but  very  few  winter  ones. 

Other   Fruits — Medium. 

Cattle — Not  so  many  raised  on  account  of  high  price  of  corn  and  hay. 

Horses — About  an  average. 

Swine — Not  so  many  as  usual  on  account  of  high  price  of  feed.  A 
good  many  rushed  to  market  early. 

Sheep — About    as    usual. 

Poultry — About  25  per  cent  above  the  average. 

Bees — Poor. 

Drainage — Very  little  in  this  vicinity  as  most  of  the  ground  is  tiled. 

Other  Industries — Very  prosperous. 

Lands — Very  little  changing  hands  as  few  care  to  sell.  Prices  range 
from  $100  to  $200  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair— Held  August  6-9,  1912.     A  very  good  fair. 


HENRY. 

C.    H,    TRIBBY,    MT.   PLEASANT,    OCTOBER    12,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — A  very  prosperous  season. 

Corn — Large  acreage  and  all  well  matured  with  the  exception  of  a  little 
late  planted.  I  doubt  if  there  has  ever  been  so  many  bushels  of  good 
corn  grown  in  the  county. 

Oats — Best  crop  in  ten  years;   good  grain  and  fine  straw. 

Wheat— Very  little  sown.     Fall  wheat  good. 

Rye — Best  for  many  years.  Only  sown  for  the  purpose  of  seeding 
ground  to  grass. 

Barley — Good  crop  but  small  acreage. 

Flax — None. 

Buckwheat — Too   dry   for   crop.      Not   much   sown. 

Millet — Sown  when   oats   or  corn   fails.      Very  little   this  season. 

Sorghum — Very  little. 

Timothy — Good  crop  of  seed  but  dry  weather  in  April  injured  the 
grass   in   some   localities. 

Clover — Same  as  timothy. 

Other  Grains  and  G^'asses— Blue  grass,  our  profitable  crop,  was  cut 
as  other  grasses. 

Potatoes — Good    crop    and    good    quality. 

Vegetubles — Fine  and  plentiful. 

Apples — Light  crop;   good  quality. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV      917 

Other  Fruits — Heavy  crop  of  plums  and  grapes.  Cherries  and  ber- 
ries were  light. 

Cattle — Scarce.  Land  prices  have  soared  so  high  our  farmers  de- 
cided they  could  not  afford  to  raise  calves  and  are  now  paying  the 
west  fabulous  prices  for  feeders. 

Horses — Plenty  of  young  horses  but  our  good  draft  colts  are  picked 
up  so  young  one  can  hardly  find  a  load  of  good  matured  horses. 

Stmne — Lots  of  young  hogs.  Can  change  from  a  scarcity  to  an  over 
supply  within  six  months  if  the  prices  suit. 

Sheep — Many  sold  last  year  on  account  of  scarcity  of  pasture. 

Poultry — A  good  season  for  poultry. 

Bees — But  few. 

Drainage — ^Best  in  the  state.  Every  farm  tiled  to  suit  the  lay  of 
the  ground. 

Other  Industries — Keeping  pace  with  other  counties  in  the  state  in 
regard  to  factories,  good  roads,  etc. 

Lands — Real  estate  has  not  advanced  so  much  as  in  the  two  years 
previous  but  has  not  gone  back.  Any  fairly  improved  farm  is  worth 
$200.00  per  acre  and  many  up  to  $225  or  $250. 

Report  of  Fair—R^ia.  August  13-16.  Rain  on  Tuesday  kept  exhibitors 
back  and  reduced  the  crowd  on  Wednesday.  We  feel  that  the  fair 
was  a  great  success  considering  the  weather. 

HOWARD. 

N.    B.    DOOLITTLE,    CRESCO,    NOVEMBEB,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Very  prolific  year  for  all  crops, 
except  tree  fruits. 

Cm-n — Extra  good.     Estimated  at  30  to  45  bushels  per  acre. 

Oats — Yield  40  to  80  bushels;  average  55  bushels  per  acre. 

Wheat — Not  much  sown;  yield  12  to  20  bushels  per  acre. 

Rye — Average  yield  32  bushels  per  acre. 

Barley — Great  crop  harvested.    Worth  50  to  60  cents  per  bushel. 

Flax — Good  yield  of  early  flax;  late  flax  worthless. 

Buckwheat — But  little  sown.     Wet  weather  injured  a  great  deal. 

Millet — Good.    Only  a  small  amount  grown. 

Sorghum — But  little  sown. 

Timothy— Good.    Hay  1%  tons  per  acre;  seed  3  to  10  bushels  per  acre. 

Clover — None.     The  drouths  of  1910-11  spoiled  the  seeding. 

Prairie  Hay — But  little  left. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Not  any. 

Potatoes—From  150  to  300  bushels  per  acre.  Many  carloads  shipped 
to  market  at  20  to  25  cents  per  bushel. 

Vegetables — Onions  to  ship.     Other  vegetables  plentiful. 

Apples — Very  few. 

Other  Fruits — Berries  a  good  supply. 

Ca^Ze— Thinned  out  by  two  years  of  drouth  and  high  prices.  About  two- 
thirds  of  the  1912  calves  shipped  for  veal. 


918  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Horses — 1,723  sold  and  shipped  from  the  county  at  an  average  price 
of  $177.00. 

Svnne — 625  carloads  sold  and  shipped  from  the  county.  Twenty-three 
M.  per  car,  at  an  average  of  $70  per  thousand  pounds,  making  $1,006,250. 

Sheep — The  drouths  of  1910-11,  coupled  with  the  fear  of  a  lower  tariff 
on  wool  has  reduced  the  sheep  to  a  minimum. 

Poultry — Great  increase  in  chickens  and  a  small  increase  in  ducks, 
geese  and  turkeys. 

Bees — Nearly  killed   out  by   severe  winters. 

Drainage — On  the  increase.  Several  miles  of  tile  put  in  and  more 
projected.      No  drainage  district  in  county. 

Other  Industries — Prospering. 

Lands — On  the  increase  in  price.  A  raise  of  12  per  cent  in  1912. 
Prices  now  range  forty  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — No  fair. 

HUMBOLDT. 

W.    B.    WEST,    HUMBOLDT,    OCTOBER,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Spring  conditions  reasonably 
favorable,  expecially  so  for  small  grain.  A  little  too  cold  for  corn  and 
wet,  cold,  weather  during  the  growing  season  has  retarded  growth.  Most 
of  the  early  planting  matured  before  frost. 

Corn — Large  acreage  and  good  stand.  Frost  the  latter  part  of  Sep- 
tember will  make  the  crop  10  per  cent  soft. 

Oats — Largest  yield  in  many  years,  60  to  90  bushels  per  acre,  average 
better  than  60. 

Wheat — More  winter  wheat  sown  than  formerly.  Yield  from  25  to  35 
bushels  per  acre.      Spring  wheat  about  20  bushels. 

Rye — Very  little  raised. 

Barley — Only  limited  amount  raised.  Mostly  for  local  use.  Average 
about  40  bushels  per  acre. 

Flax — I  know  of  none. 

Buckwheat — None. 

Millet — Good  yield  but  not  much  grown. 

Sorghum — Few  fields  grown  for  fodder  and  some  put  in  the  silo. 

Timothy — Drouth  last  year  reduced  acreage.  Some  good  fields  but  less 
than  usual. 

Clover — Heavy  catch  on  spring  seeding. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Considerable  amount  of  sugar  beets  grown 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  county.  Making  good  money  for  the  growers 
this  year. 

Potatoes — Big  crop;   average  200  bushels  per  acre. 

VegetaMes — Large  quantity  of  all  kinds. 

Apples — Practically  none. 

Other  Fruits — Lots  of  plums  and  small  fruits. 

Cattle — About  average  number  but  there  is  a  tendency  to  reduce  the 
herds. 

Horses — Breeding  of  draft  horses  on  the  increase  and  practically  no 
roadsters  raised. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  919 

Sioine — Not  so  many  spring  pigs  as  usual  on  account  of  cold  weather. 
No  disease. 

Sheep — Not  many  raised  but  they  do  well. 

Poultry — About  an  average  number  raised.  A  good  many  pure  bred 
flocks. 

Bees — None. 

Drainage — Considerable  being  done  but  not  as  much  as  three  or  four 
years  ago. 

Lands — Advancing  rapidly  in  value;  scarce  at  $125.00  to  $175.00  per 
acre.  * 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  10-14.  Pair  exhibits;  good  attrac- 
tions and  attendance  better  than  for  several  years. 

IOWA. 

J.     p.     BOWLING,     VICTOR,     OCTOBER     7,     1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Corn  and  small  grain  a  good 
crop. 

Corn — Good. 

Oats — Good. 

Wheat — Not  much  raised. 

Rye — Good. 

Barley — Good. 

Flax — None  raised. 

Buckwheat — Pair. 

Millet — Not  much  raised. 

Sorghum — Not   much   raised. 

Timothy — Good. 

Clover — Good. 

Prairie  Hay — Good. 

Potatoes — Good.      A  big  crop. 

Vegetables — Good. 

Apples — A  failure. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  exceptionally  good.      Other  fruits  all  good. 

Bees — Not  many  in  this  vicinity. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  at  Victor  on  August  13-15.  Weather  was  fine  and 
the  fair  a  success. 

IOWA. 

CHAS.    FLETCHER,    WILLIAMSBURG. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Generally  good. 
Corn — Above  the  normal  yield.      Quality  very  good. 
Oats — Especially  good,  both  as  to  quality  and  yield. 
Wheat — Not  extensively  grown. 

Timothy — Not  the  usual  yield  but  quality  especially  good. 
Clover — Where  not  pastured  too  close  in  the  fall  it  was  particularly 
good. 
Potatoes — About  normal, 


920  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Vegetables — Generally  good,  both  as  to  yield  and  quality. 

Apples — Will  average  about  one-third  of  the  1911  crop. 

Other  Fruits — An  enormous  yield  of  plums. 

Cattle — The  farmers  in  general  have  pure  bred  cattle.  Polled  Angus, 
Herefords  and  Short  Horns  take  the  lead. 

Horses — This  section  of  the  county  has  exceptionally  good  horses 
but  we  note  farmers  are  becoming  careless  in  the  breeding  of  good 
roadsters. 

Swine— This  industry  is  kept  up  to  the  full  standard  of  high  breeding 
quality.      Free  from  disease  for  the  past  four  years  in  this  section. 

Sheep — Not  many  raised. 

Poultry — One  of  the  leading  industries.  The  egg  and  poultry  ship- 
ments from  this  county  are  immense. 

Drainage — The  drainage  system  is  practically  complete. 

Other  Industries — We  have  a  tomato  canning  factory  which  is  doing 
a  very  good  business. 

Lands — Advanced  in  value.  Will  average  $200  per  acre  throughout 
Iowa  county. 

Report  of  Fair—Hem  at  Williamsburg  on  September  10-12.  The  ex- 
hibits were  not  quite  up  to  the  usual  standard  in  regard  to  number  but 
the  quality  was  excellent.      A  successful  fair. 

IOWA. 

ALEX    M'LEXXAN,    MAREXGO,    OCTOBER    17,    1912. 

General  Conditi07i  of  Crops  and  Season — Generally  good  crops;  yield 
above  the  average  and  quality  good. 

Corn — Possibly  100  per  cent.  Good  quality.  Some  replanted  fields 
were  hurt  some  by  the  frost. 

Oats — Good  quality  and  more  than  the  average  yield  per  acre,  about 
45  bushels  per  acre. 

Wheat — More  winter  wheat  raised  this  year  than  usual.  Good  quality 
and  an  average  yield  of  about  25  bushels. 

Rye — But  very  little  grown  but  the  yield  and  quality  was  good. 

Barley — Very  little  raised. 

Flax — None  raised. 

Buckwheat — None   raised. 

Millet — Not  much  raised  in  this  county. 

Sorghum — Very  little  grown. 

Timothy — Above  the  average  this  year.      A  great  deal  cut  for  seed. 

Clover — Good  crop. 

Prairie  Hay — None   in   the   county. 

Other  Ch-ains   and  Grasses — Some  patches   of  alfalfa  being  started. 

Potatoes — More  than  the  average  acreage.  Rather  below  the  average 
in  yield;   quality  good. 

Vegetables — Only  raised  for  home  use. 

Apples — Very  few  this  year. 

Other  Fruits — An  abundant  crop  of  plums,  grapes,  cherries  and  berries. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  921 

Cattle — Only  the  best  grades  are  being  bred.  Aberdeen  Angus,  Here- 
fords  and  Short  Horns  predominate.  Considerable  Dakota  stuff  is  being 
shipped  in  for  feeding. 

Horses — Only  the  best  are  being  raised  here  now;  mostly  heavy  work 
horses.  More  colts  this  year  than  for  a  number  of  years.  Good  de- 
mand and  high  prices. 

Swine — Fine  lot  of  pigs  and  all  well  bred.  Herds  are  in  splendid  con- 
dition.    No  cholera  in  the  county. 

Sheep — More  sheep  in  the  county  this  year  than  usual  and  they  are  in 
splendid  condition. 

Poultry — More  being  raised  each  year  and  we  have  the  best  varieties. 

Bees — Very  few  in  the  county. 

Drainage — Considerable  low  and  wet  land  has  been  tiled  this  year. 
Most  of  the  sloughs  are  now  tiled. 

Other  Industries — Woolen  and  flour  mills  report  an  average  business; 
canning  factories  have  done  the  biggest  business  they  have  ever  known. 
Creameries  have  also  done  well. 

Lands — Building  improvements  on  the  increase;  more  attention  given 
to  rotation  of  crops,  fertilizing  and  intensive  farming.  Lands  range  in 
price  from  $85  to  $225  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  at  Marengo  on  September  17-19.  Weather  was 
unfavorable;  attendance  smaller  than  usual  and  exhibits,-  with  the  ex- 
ception of  cattle,  larger  than  usual. 

JACKSON. 

W.  D.  MC  CAFFREY,   MAQUONETA,   SEPTEMBER,   1912. 

Genei'al  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Very  good. 

Corn — Good. 

Oats — Good. 

Wheat — Not  much  raised  but  what  we  had  was  good. 

Rye — Not  much  raised  but  good. 

Barley — What  we  had  was  good. 

Flax — None  raised. 

BucTcwheat — Not  much  raised. 

Millet — Not  much  grown. 

Sorghum — None  raised. 

Timothy — Light  crop. 

Clover — Fair  crop. 

Prairie  Hay — None  grown. 

Potatoes — Good  yield. 

Yegetahles — Big  yield. 

Apples — Very  light  crop. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  in  abundance.      Other  fruits  light. 

Oaf^Ze— Plentiful. 

Horses — Quite  a  number  raised. 

Swine — Very  good  this  year. 

Sheep — Not  many  raised. 

Poultry — Lots  of  poultry  this  year. 

Bees — Have   done  well  this  season. 


922  IOWA  iDEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Other  Industries — Lime  kilns,  button  factory,  creamery  and  broom 
factory  all  doing  a  good  business. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  at  Maquoketa  September  3-6.  We  had  good 
weather  and  the  largest  attendance  for  a  number  of  years. 

JASPER. 

F.   E.   MEREDITH,   NEWTON,   OCTOBER   15,    1912. 

General  Conditon  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 

Corn — Good. 

Oats — Excellent. 

V/heat — Excellent. 

Rye — Good. 

Barley — None. 

Flax — None. 

Buckwheat — I  know  of  none. 

Millet — Not  any. 

Sorghum — None  that  I  know  of. 

Timothy — Fair. 

Clover — Fair. 

Prairie  Hay — None. 

Potatoes — Fair. 

Yegetahles — Good. 

Apples — Very  poor. 

Other  Fruits — Good. 

Cattle — Good. 

Horses — Good. 

Swine — Good. 

Sheep — Good. 

Poultry — Good. 

Bees — Good. 

Drainage — Excellent. 

Other  Industries — Good. 

Lands — Very  high. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  August  19-22.  Largest  number  of  entries  we 
ever  had;  fine  weather,  attendance  not  quite  so  large  as  last  year  but 
just  as  much  money  taken  in  from  all  sources.  Very  good  races  and 
good  attractions.  We  built  a  fine  new  grandstand,  and  had  it  not  been 
for  this  we  would  have  had  a  nice  balance  on  hand. 

JEFFERSON. 

SANFORD    ZEIGLE. 

Corn — 100  per  cent  on  basis  of  a  ten  year  average. 

Oats — 120  per  cent. 

Wheat — 50  per  cent.     Much  of  it  winter  killed. 

Rye — Same  as  wheat. 

Barley — 100  per  cent. 

Flax — None  raised. 

Buckwheat — None  to  speak  of. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  923 

Millet — 120  per  cent. 

Sorghum — 100  per  cent. 

Timothy — 100  per  cent. 

Glover — 40  per  cent. 

Prairie  Hay — None. 

Potatoes — 100  per  cent. 

VegetaNes — 125  per  cent. 

Apples — 25   per  cent. 

Other  Fruits — 125  per  cent. 

Cattle — 50  per  cent. 

Horses — 100  per  cent. 

Swine — 60  per  cent. 

Sheep — 75  per  cent. 

Poultry — 115   per   cent. 

Bees — 30  per  cent. 

Lands — Advanced  50  per  cent  in  the  last  ten  years. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  7-9th. 

JOHNSON. 

GEO.    A.    HITCHCOCK,    IOWA    CITY,    OCTOBER    25,    1912. 

General  Gondii  on  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 

Corn — Above  the  average  yield;    good  quality. 

Oats — Bumper  crop;    threshed  in  good  condition. 

Wheat — Not  a  large  acreage  but  yield  and  quality  extra. 

Rye — Very  little  sown;  quality  above  the  average. 

Flax — None. 

BucTcivheat — Very  little  sown. 

Millet — Good  yield;    not  much  sown. 

Timothy — Very  light  crop;  rather  better  than  last  year.     Fine  quality. 

Glover — BeloY\^  the  average. 

Prairie  Hay — Very  little  cut  in  this  county. 

Potatoes — Good  yield;   extra  good  quality. 

YegetaMes — Good. 

Apples — A  failure. 

Other  Fruits — With  the  exception  of  cherries  a  good  yield  and  fine 
fruit. 

Cattle — Not  as  many  as  usual. 

Horses — About  the  usual  number  but  not  many  for  sale;   prices  high. 

Swine — More  than  the  average.      Some  disease  reported. 

Sheep — About  the  usual  number. 

Poultry — Usual  number  raised. 

Bees — Very  few  in  the  county. 

Drainage — More  put  in  every  year. 

Other  Industries — In  a  flourishing  condition. 

Lands — Prices  high,  ranging  from  $75.00  to  $250.00  per  acre.  Average 
about  $100.00. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  August  27-30.  Attendance  was  not  as  good  as 
expected.      Too  many  other  attractions  near  the  fair  dates. 


924  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

JONES. 

L.    W.    RUSSELL,    ANAMOSA,    OCTOBER,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — The  best  in  years. 

Corn — Large  acreage  and  fine  crop.  100  bushels  to  the  acre  very 
common. 

Oats — Pine  crop;   average  acreage. 

Wheat— Very  little. 

Rye — Very   little;    a   very   good   crop. 

Barley — Very  little. 

Flax — None. 

Buckwheat — Not  any. 

Millet — I  know  of  none. 

Sorghum — None. 

Timothy — A  very  good   crop. 

Clover — Pine. 

Prairie  Hay — Not  any. 

Potatoes — Small  yield. 

Apples — Not   any. 

Cattle — High  prices  have  cleaned  them  out  pretty  well. 

Horses — Increasing  in  number. 

Swine — As  usual. 

Sheep — Very  few. 

Poultry — Business  increasing  all  the  time. 

Bees — A  few. 

Drainage — High  price  of  land  is  compelling  the  farmer  to  drain  his 
land  so  that  he  can  farm  every  available  acre. 

Other  Industries — Very  little  manufacturing  in  this  county. 

Lands — Price  has  advanced  from  $25.00  to  $50.00  per  acre  this  year. 

Report  of  Fair — ^We  think  the  fair  this  year  the  best  in  the  history  of 
the  association.  Very  good  exhibits  in  all  departments  and  good  at- 
tractions.     Held  August  12-16. 

KEOKUK. 

GEO.    A.    POFF,    WHAT    CHEER,    OCTOBER    23,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Splendid. 

Corn — The  largest  crop  in  many  years. 

Oats — Excellent  condition;    large  yield. 

Wheat — Increased  acreage  and  a  large  yield. 

Rye — ^None. 

Barley — Not  any. 

Flax — None. 

Buckivheat — Not  any. 

Millet — None. 

Sorghum — Very  little;  splendid  quality. 

Timothy — Good  yield  and  good  quality. 

Clover — Good  crop;  excellent  quality. 

Prairie  Hay — Medium  crop. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV      925 

Potatoes — Not  as  heavy  a  crop  as  usual.  They  are  being  shipped  in 
from  other  places. 

Vegetables — Excellent. 

Apples — None  to  speak  of. 

Other  Fruits — A  scarcity  of  small  fruit,  with  the  exception  of  straw- 
berries, which  were  very  plentiful. 

Cattle — We  have  a  number  of  fine  herds  and  the  quality  is  growing 
better. 

Horses — Several    large    breeders    of    fine    horses. 

Swine — ^We  had  a  splendid  exhibit  at  our  fair. 

Sheep — Good  quality  but  not  many  raised  here. 

Poultry — We  have  a  number  of  fancy  breeders.  The  display  at  the 
fair  was  the  largest  we  have  had  for  many  years. 

Bees — Lots  of  bees;   great  quantities  of  honey  sold. 

Drainage — Increasing.  An  immense  amount  of  tiling  being  done  by 
the  farmers. 

Other  Industries — What  Cheer  is  looking  forward  to  great  things  from 
their  new  quarter  of  a  million  dollar  sewer  pipe  plant. 

Lands — Advancing.  Good  improved  land  worth  from  $100  to  $200  per 
acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  23-26.  A  bad  week.  We  have  paid 
all  bills. 

KOSSUTH. 

T.    P.    HARRINGTON,    ALGONA,    OCTOBER    8,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Spring  a  little  late  with  a 
little  more  rain  than  necessary.  Rainfall  all  season  was  perhaps  more 
than  average  and  abundant  for  all  crops. 

Corn — Acreage  larger  than  usual  and  yield  will  average  60  bushels  per 
acre;  95  per  cent  sound.  Will  be  the  largest  total  yield  in  the  history 
of  the  county. 

Oats — An  excessive  growth  of  straw  and  it  lodged  badly.  Yield  will 
average  about  50  bushels  per  acre  and  quality  good. 

Wheat — Acreage  larger  than  usual;  quality  very  good.  Yield  about 
20  to  25  bushels  per  acre. 

Rye — Very  little  grown. 

Barley — But  little  grown  for  market;  quality  good. 

Flax — Small  acreage;  yield  and  quality  good. 

Buckwheat — Very  little  grown;   yield  and  quality  good. 

Millet — Yield  and  quality  good;   not  much  grown. 

Sorghum — Very  little  raised  except  for  cattle  feed;    yield  very  large. 

Timothy — A  little  thin  on  account  of  hard  winter  and  drouth  of  last 
fall.      Above  an  average  crop. 

Clover — About  the  same  as  timothy. 

Prairie  H.ay — Very  little  left.      Yield  very  heavy. 

Other  Grains  and  Gi-asses — Good. 

Potatoes — Crop  very  good;  more  than  enough  for  home  demand. 

Vegetables — Very  good. 

Apples — Very  few  apples  this  year;    almost  a  total  failure. 


926  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Other  Fruits — Small  fruit  abundant;  good  crop  of  plums  and  cherries. 

Cattle — Improving.  A  marked  tendency  toward  dairy  cattle  and  the 
dairy  industry  generally. 

Horses — Prices  are  high.  The  breeds  are  improving  rapidly,  es- 
pecially the  heavy  draft  horses.  Automobiles  seem  to  have  put  the 
roadsters  out  of  business. 

Sivine — More  than  ever  before;   no  disease  reported. 

Sheep — Not  extensively  raised. 

Poultry — More  than  •  usual.  More  attention  being  paid  to  the  breed- 
ing of  poultry  every  year. 

Bees — Not  many. 

Drainage — This  county  is  doing  more  drainage  than  any  other  coun- 
ty in  the  state. 

Other  Industries — There  is  little  in  the  way  of  manufacturing  products. 
Tile  factory  doing  a  good  business. 

Lands — Values  have  increased  from  $10.00  to  $25.00  per  acre  in  the 
last  year.  There  is  a  strong  demand  by  actual  homeseekers  from  the 
east  and  south  and  prices  will  doubtless  go  higher. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  17-20.  We  had  rain  on  Monday, 
Tuesday  and  Wednesday  which  cut  down  the  stock  exhibits  but  on  the 
whole  the  fair  was  a  decided  success. 


LEE. 

CHRIS    HAFFNEB,    DONNELLSON,    OCTOBER    23,     1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Season  very  favorable;  crops 
good. 

Corn — Good  quality;    large  yield. 

Oats — Best  quality  and  yield  we  have  had  for  years. 

Wheat — Very  light  crop. 

Rye — Very  little  raised. 

Barley — None  grown. 

Flax — None  grown. 

Buckwheat — Very  little  raised. 

Millet — Some  sown;  good  yield. 

Sorghum — Pair   crop. 

Timothy — Pine  quality.    Pair  crop. 

Clover — Not  a  heavy  crop.     Pair. 

Prairie  Hay — Not  any. 

Potatoes — Light  crop. 

Vegetables — Good  crop. 

Apples — Very  fair  crop. 

Other  Fruits — Pair  crop. 

Cattle — Shorthorns  and  Polled  Angus  predominate. 

Horses — Roadsters  and  Percherons  leading  breeds. 

Swine — Chester  White,  Duroc  Jerseys  and  Poland  Chinas  predominate. 

Sheep — Shropshires   and   Delaines   take  the  lead. 

Poultry — Great  interest  taken  in  this  industry  and  nearly  all  breeds 
represented. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  927 

Bees — Very  few. 
Drainage — Good. 

Lands — Average  from  $100  to  $200  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  on  August  21-23.      The  exhibits  and  racing  were 
good,  the  attendance  large  and  the  fair  a  success  financially. 


LEE. 

JOHX    WALLJASPER,    WEST   POINT,    OCTOBER,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Generally  above  the  average. 
Corn — Above  the  average.     On  account  of  the  late  season  planting  was 
late. 

Oats — Way  above  the  average.  The  cool,  wet  weather  of  May  and  June 
was  just  right  for  oats  and  it  yielded  the  heaviest  for  any  year  during 
the  last  20  years. 

Wheat — Not  so  much  sown  as  usual.  Winter  wheat  was  hurt  by  the 
late  March  snow  and  freeze  but  notwithstanding  all  these  drawbacks  the 
yield  was  fair. 

Rye — Very  little  sown;  quality  fair. 
Barley — Scarcely  any  sown. 
Flax — None  sown. 

Buckivheat — Not  much  sown  but  this  promises  to  do  well. 
Millet — Some   millet   sown.      Good   crop   this   year. 
Sorghum — A  good  crop. 

Timothy — A  good  average  crop.  More  sown  than  in  former  years.  Hay 
about  two-thirds  of  a  full  yield. 

Clover — Clover  did  not  do  well  on  account  of  the  severe  winter. 
Prairie  Hay — None. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Blue  grass  and  other  grains  and  grasses 
did  remarkably  well. 

Potatoes — A  good  crop,  good  quality. 
Vegetables — A  good  crop  and  fine  quality. 
Apples — A  medium  crop;  good  quality. 

Other  Fruits — Cherries  and  plums  were  good,  peaches  a  failure  and 
pears  still  suffering  from  the  blight  which  has  attacked  a  number  of 
pear  trees  during  the  last  few  years. 

Cattle — Somewhat  scarce  on  account  of  the  farmers  selling  their  sur- 
plus stock  on  account  of  the  severe  drouth. 

Horses — Command  a  good  price  and  farmers  are  paying  considerable 
attention  to  the  breeding.  The  colt  show  at  our  fair  was  one  of  the  best 
in  the  state. 

Swine — This  is  the  "old  reliable  standby"  for  our  farmers.  All  are 
in    a   healthful    condition   at   this   time. 

Sheep — Farmers  are  paying  more  attention  to  sheep  and  flocks  may  be 
seen  all  over  the  county.      On  many  farms  they  are  taking  the  place  of 
cattle. 
Poultry — Every  farmer  raises  chickens.      An  important  industry. 
Bees — Not  much  attention  paid  to  this  industry. 


928  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Drmnage — In  localities  where  necessary  drainage  districts  are  estab- 
lished. 

Other  Industries — Railroad  shop,  saw  mills,  woolen  mills,  iron  works 
and  other  smaller  factories  are  doing  a  good  business.  An  immense  dam 
has  been  completed  across  "The  Father  of  Waters"  at  Keokuk.  This  is 
one  of  the  largest,  if  not  the  largest,  of  any  dam  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 

LancL^ — Booming  and  will  still  go  higher,  making  it  imperative  for  the 
owners  to  raise  more  bushels  to  the  acre.  This  is  the  only  way  to  solve 
the  high  cost  of  living. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  at  West  Point  on  September  24-27,  and  it  was  a 
"hummer."  The  colt  show  on  the  second  day  was  a  grand  success  as 
was  the  corn  show.  The  fair  association  made  enough  above  their  ex- 
penses to  pay  for  a  new  horse  barn,  32x80  feet  and  also  many  other  nec- 
essary improvements. 

LINN. 

E.   W.   PENLY,   CENTRAL,  CITY,    OCTOBER   7,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good,  with  the  exception  of 
hay  and  late  corn.  Large  amount  of  frosted  corn  still  being  cut  up. 
Hay  was  damaged  by  cut  worms. 

Corn — 80  per  cent.  20  per  cent  being  injured  by  frost.  We  would 
have  had  a  bumper  crop  but  for  that.     Will  average  about  55  bushels. 

Oats — Average  acreage;  splendid  quality  and  average  yield.  About  45 
to  50  bushels  per  acre. 

Wheat — Not  much  sown;  poor  quality.     All  spring  wheat. 

Rye — Good  quality  and  yield  from  15  to  20  bushels  per  acre. 

Barley — Not  as  good  as  usual.      Yield  about  20  bushels  per  acre. 

Flax — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — None. 

Millet — Heavy  yield  but  frost  caught  a  great  deal  of  it. 

Sorgh^um — About  the  usual  amount  sown.      Good  quality  and  yield. 

Timothy — Light  except  new  seeding. 

Glover — Same  as  timothy. 

Prairie  Hay — Not  any. 

Potatoes — Much  better  than  last  year.     100  per  cent. 

Yegetatles — Good. 

Apples — Only  once  in  a  while  an  orchard  with  any  apples. 

Other  Fruits — Good. 

Cattle — Not  many  cattle  on  feed  and  getting  scarce. 

Horses — Selling  cheaper  at  sales  this  fall.  Believe  the  price  will  be 
good  again  this  spring. 

Swine — About  the  usual  number  and  in  good  condition.  Two  herds 
report  cholera. 

Sheep — More  being  raised  and  going  into  winter  in  fine  shape. 

Poultry — Normal  supply  and  healthy. 

Bees — Better  than  for  several  years. 

Drmnage — Lots  of  tile  being  used.  Two  factories  are  being  kept  busy 
to  supply  demand. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV      929 

Other  Industries — In  fine  condition. 
Lands — Advanced  25  per  cent  this  summer. 

Report  of  Fair — We  had  a  good  attendance,  a  nice  line  of  stock  and 
splendid   attractions.     We   consider   it   a  successful    fair. 

LINN. 

C.  A.  PATTEN,  MARION,   SEPTEMBER,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Crops  extra  good.      Season 
about  two  weeks  behind  average  years. 

Corn — 80  per  cent.     Three-fourths  of  the  crop  out  of  the  way  of  frost. 

Oats — 80  per  cent. 

Wheat — 80  per  cent. 

Rye — 80  per  cent. 

Barley — 85  per  cent. 

Flax — Not  much  raised  in  this  county. 

Buckwheat — 75  per  cent.     Very  little  grown. 

Millet — None  raised. 

Sorghum — 70  per  cent. 

Clover — 50  per  cent. 

Prairie  Hay — Not  any. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Pastures  good. 

Potatoes — 75  per  cent. 

Vegetables — 80  per  cent. 

Apples — 25  per  cent. 

Other  Fruits — 75  per  cent. 

Cattle — 80  per  cent. 

Horses — 80  per  cent. 

Swine — 80  per  cent. 

Sheep — 65  per  cent. 

Poultry — 85  per  cent. 

Bees — 50  per  cent. 

Drainage — Quite  a  bit  of  tiling  put  in  but  no  open  ditches. 

Lands — Average  price  per  acre  about  $125.00. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  August  20-23,  1912.     About  an  average  fair. 

LOUISA. 

O.   M.   CAVIN,    COLUMBUS   JUNCTION,   OCTOBER   21,   1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Pair. 
Corn — Large  acreage  and  quality  fair  to  good. 
Oats — Good  quality. 
Wheat — Poor. 
Rye — Fair. 
Barley — None. 
Flax — None. 
Buckwheat — None. 
Millet— Very  little. 
Sorghum — Not  much. 
59 


930  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Timothy — Fair. 
Glover — Fair. 
Prairie  Hay — Not  any. 
Potatoes — Good. 
Apples — Poor. 

Cattle — Feeding  cattle  scarce  and  high. 
Horses — Improving  in  quality.      Not  many  for  sale. 
Sivine — Not  as  many  as  usual  on  account  of  cholera  last  year. 
Sheep — Very  few. 
Poultry — Good. 
Bees — Very  few. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  4-6.  Attendance  was  good.  Stock 
exhibits  light. 

LUCAS. 

J.    C.    WILLIAMSON,    CHARITON,    NOVEMBER    25,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — This  has  been  a  very  favorable 
year  for  the  farmer.  Crops  of  all  kinds  were  good  and  are  bringing  a 
fair  price. 

Corn — One  of  the  largest  crops  ever  harvested.  Some  of  it  a  little  soft 
but  most  of  it  is  fine.     Selling  at  35  cents  at  this  date. 

Oats — A  good  crop  was  harvested,  yielding  from  25  to  65  bushels  per 
acre. 

Wheat — The  best  crop  ever  seen  in  this  county,  averaging  from  20  to 
50  bushels  per  acre. 

Rye — Very  little  grown  but  quality  good. 

Barley — Not  any. 

FlOrX — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — Very  little  grown. 

Millet — Most  of  the  millet  was  cut  for  seed.    A  fine  yield. 

Sorghum — Not  much  raised  and  most  of  it  was  frosted. 

Timothy — Nearly  all  cut  for  seed,  making  from  5  to  9  bushels  per  acre. 
Hay  made  from  %  to  li  tons  per  acre. 

Clover — Not  a  great  deal  as  it  has  been  hard  to  get  a  stand  for  several 
years.     The  1912  seeding  looks  fine. 

Prairie  Hay — Not  very  much  prairie  hay  left. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Blue  grass  has  made  a  good  growth  and  has 
furnished  pasture  nearly  all  the  year. 

Potatoes — An  average  crop  but  not  enough  to  supply  the  county. 

Vegetables — A  good  season  for  gardens  and  the  supply  of  vegetables 
exceeded  the  demand. 

Apples — Very  few;  most  of  them  winter  killed. 

Other  Fruits — Cherries  were  plentiful,  strawberries  a  good  crop.  All 
other  fruit  was  light. 

Cattle — A  great  scarcity  of  cattle  and  they  are  selling  high  at  sales. 
Nearly  everyone  seems  to  have  more  feed  than  stock. 

Hoises — The  usual  number  of  colts  but  market  horses  are  scarce. 

Swine — Quite  a  good  deal  of  cholera  in  the  county,  which  accounts  for 
shortage  of  pigs. 


THTRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  931 

Sheep — Sheep  have  done  well. 
Poultry-^— Fine. 
Bees — A  fair  year. 

Drainage — Not  much  tiling  being  done. 

Lands — Increasing  in  value  and  rents  are  getting  higher.  Land  is 
selling  from  $60  to  $150  per  acre;  some  small  tracts  still  higher. 

LYON. 

C.  W.  BRADLEY,  ROCK  RAPIDS,  OCTOBER  15,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — All  crops  heavy;  best  we  have 
had  for  twenty  years. 

Corn — At  least  one-third  of  the  acreage  is  corn.  The  crop  matured  well 
and  the  average  yield  will  be  at  least  50  bushels  per  acre  and  the  quality 
is  first  class. 

Oats — Very  heavy  and  good  quality.  Average  yield  60  bushels  to  the 
acre. 

Wheat — Light  acreage  of  wheat.  Yield  average  20  bushels  per  acre; 
quality  good. 

i?ye — Very  light  acreage.  Good  quality  and  yield  about  25  bushels 
per  acre. 

Barley — Fairly  good  acreage.  Quality  first  class  and  yield  about  45 
bushels  per  acre. 

Flax — Little,  if  any,  grown  in  this  county. 

Buckwheat — Very  little  in  the  county. 

Millet — Fair  acreage.     Good  quality  and  heavy  yield. 

Sorghum — Light  acreage.      Good  quality  and  heavy  yield. 

Timothy — Medium  acreage.      Quality  first  class  and  yield  good. 

Clover — Medium  acreage.      Yield  good  and  quality  first  class. 

Prairie  Hay — Very  good  as  to  yield  and  quality. 

Potatoes — Heavy  acreage;    good  quality.      Yield  200  bushels  per  acre. 

Vegetables — All  classes  of  vegetables  very  heavy  and  of  first  class 
quality. 

Apples — Not  any  this  year. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  a  very  heavy  crop  and  quality  first  class.  Grapes 
were  also  good  but  only  a  light  acreage. 

Cattle — In  better  condition  than  usual  but  not  so  many  on  hand  on 
account  of  the  light  hay  crop  last  year. 

Horses — Plenty  of  horses  and  in  first  class  condition.  Quality  high 
grade. 

Swine — Very  good  condition.      A  great  many  of  them. 

Sheep — In  good  condition  and  the  average  number. 

Poultry — In  excellent  condition  and  above  the  average  number. 

Bees — Very  few  in  this  county. 

Drainage — Natural  drainage  good.  No  swamp  lands  in  the  county  and 
little  tiling  necessary. 

Other  Industries — Few  manufacturers  in  the  county  except  concrete 
stone  machinery  and  cement  products.  All  of  these  are  doing  a  pros- 
perous business. 


932  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Lands — Lands  of  the  very  highest  quality.  Soil  a  deep  black  loam  un- 
derlaid with  clay  sub  soil.  Gently  rolling,  perfectly  drained  and  average 
from  $150  to  $200  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  3-6.  Weather  conditions  were  good 
and  attendance  the  largest  in  the  history  of  the  fair. 


MADISON. 

S.  A.  HAYS,  WINTERSET,  OCTOBEB  1,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Favorable  season. 

Corn — Extra  good.  Mostly  out  of  the  way  of  frost.  Some  fields  were 
a  little  late  and  a  few  were  a  light  stand  but  we  will  have  a  great  crop. 

Oats — Good  crop.  Good  quality  and  will  average  from  40  to  80  bushels 
per  acre. 

Wheat — Winter  wheat  extra  good;  crop  averaging  from  25  to  60  bushels 
per  acre. 

Rye — Not  much  grown  but  a  good  crop. 

Barley — Good  crop  but  not  much  raised. 

Flax — None  grown. 

Buckwheat — I  know  of  none. 

Millet — Not  much  sown  but  a  good  crop. 

Sorghum — Very  little  grown. 

Timothy — A  good  yield  of  hay  and  of  fine  quality.  Quite  a  good  deal 
threshed  for  seed. 

Clover — Has  done  well  but  too  early  to  know  much  about  the  seed  crop. 

Prairie  Hay — None  to  speak  of. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Blue  grass  pastures  have  been  fine  prac- 
tically all  season. 

Potatoes — Good  average  crop  but  some  trouble  with  bugs  early  in  the 
season. 

Vegetatles — Very   good   and   abundant. 

Apples — No  apples. 

Other  Fruits — An  abundance  of  cherries  and  plums,  a  few  peaches  and 
some  grapes. 

Cattle — Scarcity  of  cattle  in  the  county.  High  prices  and  want  of  feed 
have  led  farmers  to  sell  short.  Now  with  an  abundance  of  feed  they  are 
in  great  demand  at  high  prices. 

Houses — Supply  is  short  with  a  large  demand  for  good  horses.  Prices 
are  higher  than  usual. 

Swine — Not  quite  so  many  pigs  as  usual  and  some  disease.  Demand  for 
feeding  large. 

Sheep — More  farmers  keeping  small  flocks  than  heretofore.  Sheep  will 
take  the  place  of  cattle  to  some  extent  as  feeders. 

Poultry — Bringing  good  prices.  Not  many  turkeys.  Eggs  sold  for 
a  high  price  all  summer. 

Bees — Not  many  kept.     A  very  good  season  for  them. 

Drainage — Farmers  are  learning  the  value  of  tiling  and  are  putting  in 
a  great  deal  each  year. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV      933 

Other  Industries — This  is  an  agricultural  and  stock  growing  county. 
We  have  immense  beds  of  limestone  and  await  more  favorable  trans- 
portation facilities  and  development. 

Lands — Good  corn  land  in  demand.  More  land  is  changing  hands  this 
year  than  a  year  ago  and  at  advancing  prices. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  17-19.  We  had  fine  exhibit  of  horses, 
grains  and  vegetables.  Only  a  fair  exhibit  of  cattle  and  poor  exhibit  of 
hogs,  sheep  and  poultry.     Weather  was  bad  and  the  attendance  very  poor. 

MAHASKA. 

H.    D.    RHINE,    NEW    SHAEON,    OCTOBER   22,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Crops  generally  good.  Fall 
plowing  is  progressing  rapidly  and  the  ground  is  in  fine  condition. 

Corn — Above  the  average  in  quality  and  quantity.  Some  early  com  is 
being  cribbed. 

Oats — Extra  good  crop. 

Wheat — Best  in  years,  yielding  from  20  to  40  bushels  per  acre. 

Rye — Not  much  raised  in  this  county. 

Barley — None. 

Flax — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — Very  little. 

Millet — Small  crop. 

Sorghum — Average  crop. 

Timothy — Good  average  crop. 

Clover — Good. 

Prairie  Hay — None. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Clover  seed  very  good. 

Potatoes — Good  average  crop. 

Vegetables — Plenty. 

Apples — Almost  a  failure. 

Other  Fruits — Berries  were  plentiful,  peaches  and  pears  a  failure. 
Plums  were  an  exceptionally  good  crop. 

Cattle — Short  supply. 

Horses — Plentiful. 

SvAne — Spring  crop  light;  fair  crop  of  fall  pigs.  Cholera  reported  in 
some  localities. 

Sheep — Average  crop. 

Poultry — Good  crop. 

Bees — Nearly  all  winter  killed.  What  were  left  gathered  a  good 
supply  of  honey. 

Lands — Going  up  in  price.  Farms  are  changing  hands  at  from  $150 
to  $225  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  16-19.  Attendance  was  good  consid- 
ering the  threatening  weather  at  the  beginning  of  the  fair.  Financially 
the  fair  was  a  success. 


934  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

MARION. 

CHAS.  PORTER,  PELLA,  OCTOBER  30,  1912. 

Gener<il  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Weather  conditions  very  fa- 
vorable and  I  believe  we  have  had  the  best  crop  we  have  had  in  the  history 
of  the  county. 

Corn — The  results  of  good  seed  has  shown  that  no  one  engaged  in  corn 
raising  can  be  neglectful  in  saving  their  seed.  Great  advancement  has 
been  made  and  considerable  interest  is  taken  at  the  corn  tables  at  our 
fair. 

Oats — The  careful  selection  of  seed  and  the  using  of  the  press  drill 
brought  good  results  and  the  oat  crop  was  of  very  fine  quality  and  yield. 

Wheat — More  fall  wheat  than  usual.  An  exceptionally  good  crop,  both 
as  to  quality  and  yield. 

Rye — Not  a  large  acreage;  fair  yield.  This  crop  is  used  principally 
for  hog  feed. 

Barley — Not  much  sown.  This  crop  has  not  given  good  results  for 
the  past  few  years.      This  year  the  yield  was  good  and  quality  fine. 

Flax — None  grown. 

Buckwheat — But  little  sown. 

Millet — Those  who  put  in  this  crop  realized  a  large  yield  per  acre. 

Sorghum — Grown  more  extensively  for  syrup  and  seed.  Those  engaged 
in  raising  this  crop  find  ready  sale  for  the  product  and  seed  at  good  prices. 

Timothy — Hay  yielded  from  IJ  to  2  tons  per  acre  and  most  all  hay 
was  put  up  in  fine  shape.      Present  price  being  $10.00  per  ton. 

Clover — The  severe  winter  did  a  great  deal  of  damage  to  new  clover 
fields.  However,  that  which  wintered  well  brought  large  returns  in  hay 
and  seed. 

Prairie  Hay — Not  any. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Blue  grass  soon  takes  all  other  grasses  in 
our  pastures.     We  have  had  very  good  pastures  this  season. 

Potatoes — Small  acreage  to  what  we  had  25  years  ago  but  the  prices 
are  now  high  and  will  stimulate  the  interest  in  this  crop.  The  crop  this 
year  was  very  good. 

Vegetables — Very  good. 

Apples — Insects  and  pests  almost  ruined  the  crop. 

Other  Fruits — All  small  fruits  and  berries  were  a  good  crop  of  fine 
quality.     Plums  were  abundant. 

Cattle — Not  the  usual  number.     Not  many  will  be  put  on  feed. 

Horses — More  attention  paid  to  the  breeding  of  draft  horses.  The  au- 
tomobiles are  taking  the  place  of  the  roadsters.  Many  horses  are 
shipped  out  of  this  county  each  year. 

Swine — Improved  breeds.  Poland  China  and  Duroc  Jerseys  are  the 
leading  breeds. 

Sheep — Mutton  sheep  principally  raised  but  there  are  large  flocks  fed 
from  western  markets  with  good  results. 

Poultry — More  poultry  is  being  raised  each  year.  The  past  year  was 
favorable  for  the  raising  of  poultry. 

Bees — Favorable  year  but  many  reported  heavy  losses  last  winter. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  935 

Drainage — Tile  is  used  extensively  and  where  tile  was  put  in  a  few 
years  ago  there  were  splendid  crops  this  year. 

Other  Industries — Our  canning  factory  put  up  a  nice  lot  of  tomatoes  and 
pumpkins.     The  salt  pickling  works  have  also  done  a  very  good  business. 

Lands — Have  increased  in  value  about  10  per  cent  during  the  past 
year.  At  least  farms  are  selling  at  that  advance,  prices  running  from 
$60.00  to  $275.00  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  24-27.  The  exhibits  were  good  in  all 
departments  but  after  entry  day  rain  kept  our  patrons  at  home  and 
attendance  was  not  as  large  as  anticipated.  However,  we  came  out 
very  well,  considering  the  weather. 

MARSHALL. 

W.    M.    CLARK,    MARSHALLTOWN,    OCTOBER    15,    1912. 

Corn — A  good  average  crop.     Some  late  corn  injured  by  frost. 

Oats — Good  yield  and  good  quality. 

Wheat — Winter  wheat  excellent;  spring  wheat  fair. 

Rye — None  raised. 

Barley — Not  much  raised  but  that  was  good. 

Flax — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — None. 

Millet — Not  much  raised.      Good  crop. 

Sorghum — None  raised  except  for  private  use. 

Timothy — Heavy  crop  and  fine  quality. 

Clover — Heavy,  both  first  and  second  cuttings. 

Prairie  Hay — Not  any. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Exceptionally  good  crop. 

Potatoes — Average  yield  and  good  quality. 

Vegetables — Large  crop. 

Apples — Very  poor. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  and  cherries  a  large  crop;  grapes  fair  and  berries 
average. 

Cattle — In  good  condition.      More  pure  bred  stock  each  year. 

Horses — Improving. 

Swine — Not  as  many  as  usual  but  quality  very  good. 

Sheep — Increasing. 

Poultry — Raised  in  large  numbers  and  we  have  all  the  leading  breeds. 
Marshall   county   holds    a   mid-winter   show,    which   is    a   success. 

Bees — None  for  commercial  purposes. 

Drainage — But  little  drainage  in  this  county. 

Lands — Still   increasing  in  value   and   production   of  crops. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  9-13.  We  had  two  rainy  days  but 
the  attendance  exceeded  that  of  any  former  year.  Exhibits  were  better 
than  usual  and  as  a  whole  we  consider  the  fair  a  success. 


936  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

MARSHALL. 

H.    M.   WEEKS,   RHODES,    OCTOBER   2,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season— Wei  weather  in  the  spring 
hindered  the  work  some  but  the  season  has  been  generally  favorable  and 
crops  good. 

Com — A  bumper  crop  in  this  section.  More  than  the  average  crop 
both  as  to  yield  and  quality. 

Oats — Very  good;  yielding  from  35  to  65  bushels  per  acre  in  this 
vicinity. 

Wheat — But  little  spring  wheat  raised.  The  acreage  for  winter  wheat 
is  increasing  each  year.  We  had  a  good  crop  this  year,  the  yield  being 
from  30  to  40  bushels  per  acre. 

Rye — Hardly  any  grown  in  this  district. 

Barley — Not   any. 

Flax — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — None. 

Millet — Only  sown  where  the  land  was  too  wet  in  the  spring  for  other 
crops.      Good  where  raised. 

Sorghum — Not  any. 

Timothy — A  good  crop  and  put  up  in  fine  condition;  yielding  from  1| 
to  2  J  tons  per  acre. 

Clover — New  seeding  was  damaged  some  last  winter  but  the  crop  is 
generally  good  and  secured  in  good  shape.  The  yield  of  seed  good.  The 
second  crop  fine. 

Prairie  Hay — Not  any. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — None  raised  to  any  extent.  Some  alfalfa 
and  Kaffir  corn. 

Potatoes — Injured  by  dry  weather  just  when  they  needed  rain.  The 
potatoes  are  of  good  quality  and  free  from  rot  but  the  yield  light. 

Vegetables — All  a  good  crop;   fine  quality. 

Apples — A  very  small  crop,  especially  in  old  orchards.  Some  young 
orchards  have  a  fair  crop. 

Other  Fruits — Small  fruits  generally  good,  grapes  and  plums  a  large 
crop.    Peach  trees  nearly  all  killed  last  winter.    A  fine  crop  of  pears. 

Cattle — Less  than  usual  and  prices  high.  Many  feeders  have  been 
shipped  in  from  Omaha  and  Kansas  City.  Pastures  have  been  good  and 
cattle  are  in  splendid  condition. 

Horses — Owing  to  high  prices  the  past  few  years  there  seems  to  be  a 
shortage  of  horses  to  ship  out.  They  are  in  good  condition  and  free 
from  disease.    More  attention  is  paid  to  the  breeding  of  draft  horses. 

8imne—A  great  many  farmers  have  lost  nearly  all  their  pigs  through 
sickness. 

Sheep — Not  many  kept  in  this  county.  Some  small  flocks  are  brought 
in  from  the  west  to  be  fed  for  market. 

Poultry — ^A  leading  industry. 

Bees — Not  many  kept. 

Drainage — Nearly  all  the  swamp  land  in  this  county  has  been  reclaimed. 

Other  Industries — Cement  work  is  the  leading  industry.  Our  cream- 
eries have  had  a  successful  year. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  937 

Report  of  Fair — Held  on  September  24-27,  at  Rhodes.  We  had  bad 
weather,  only  one  good  day.  Therefore  the  attendance  was  light.  Stock 
exhibits  were  the  lightest  we  have  ever  known.  We  shall  be  behind  a 
little  financially  but  will  go  on  in  hope  of  better  success  in  the  future. 


MILLS. 

I.    J.    SWAIN,    MALVEEN,    SEPTEMBEB  15,    1912. 

General  Conditions  of  Crops  and  Season — Above  normal. 

Corn — The  prospect  is  most  favorable  for  an  unusually  good  yield  of 
corn. 

Oats — Good  yield  and  quality  much  above  the  average. 

Wheat — Excellent  quality  and  yield  about  normal,  averaging  from  20 
to  45  bushels. 

Rye — Good  yield  and  quality. 

Barley — Good  yield;    quality  impaired  by  excessive  smutting. 

Flax — None  grown. 

Buckwheat — Not  any. 

Millet — Fine  crop. 

Sorghum — None  grown. 

Timothy — Normal  yield  and  secured  in  good  condition.  The  seed 
crop   above  normal. 

Clover — Good  crop. 

Prairie  Hay — About  normal  quantity.    Quality  inferior. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Alfalfa  a  good  crop  and  secured  In  prime 
condition.    Acreage  greatly  increased. 

Yegetalles — All  vegetables  normal  in  yield.   Quality  excellent. 

Apples — Almost  a  failure;  very  light  crop. 

Other  Fruits — Abundant  and  of  superior  quality. 

Ca«Ze— Thrifty.    No  disease.    Great  interest  in  the  blooded  classes. 

Horses — Generally  thrifty.  A  few  cases  of  meningitis  in  some  local* 
Ities  but  not  prevalent  as  yet. 

Swine — In  serious,  if  not  alarming  condition.    A  healthy  herd  is  rare. 

Sheep — ^Very  little  attention  given  to  breeding  of  sheep. 

Poultry — A  great  deal  of  interest  taken  in  poultry  raising. 

Bees — No  interest  taken  in  this  industry. 

Drainage — Receiving  increased  attention  in  the  way  of  straightening 
streams  and  tiling  the  low  lands. 

Other  Industries — No  important  manufactures  except  flour  mills  and 
canning  factory. 

Lands — Still  advancing  in  price  and  considerable  changing  hands. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  August  6-9.  Best  exhibits  and  entertainment  we 
have  ever  had.  We  had  about  the  average  attendance  and  would  have 
had  more  if  the  weather  had  not  been  so  uncertain. 


938  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

MITCHELL. 

CARL  H.    SPAANUM,    OSAGE,   OCTOBER   23,   1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 

Corn — Yield  good.   A  little  early  to  make  an  estimate. 

Oats — ^Average  yield  55  bushels  per  acre.    Quality  good. 

Wheat — ^Yield  about  20  bushels  per  acre. 

Barley — Above   the   average. 

Flax — Not  much  grown  but  reported  a  good  average  crop. 

Timothy — Good  quality  and  yield. 

Potatoes — Way  above  the  average.     More  than  we  have  had  for  years. 

Yegetables — Have  been  plentiful  and  are  of  good  variety. 

Apples — No  apples. 

Other  Fruits — A  good  many  plums,  currants,  gooseberries,  etc. 

Cattle — Not  very  many  cattle.    A  great  many  shipped  in  for  feeding. 

Horses — About  the  average. 

Swine — Plenty  of  hogs. 

Sheep — Very  few. 

Poultry — About  the   average. 

Bees — Very   few. 

Drainage — A  great  deal  of  tile  draining  being  put  in. 

Other  Industries — Sugar  beet  crop  above  the  average. 

Lands — Selling  from  $50.00  to  $200.00  per  acre.  Great  advance  this 
season. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  24-27.  Exhibits  were  good  but  we 
had  bad  weather  and  the  attendance  was  small. 

MONONA. 

C.    E.    BLANCHARD,    ONAWA,    OCTOBER    25,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — ^With  the  exception  of  apples 
all  were  bumper  crops. 
Corn — Fine  but  late. 
Oats — Fair. 
Wheat — Good. 
Rye — Fair. 
Barley — Good. 
Timothy — Good. 
Clover — Good. 
Prairie  Hay — Good. 
Potatoes — ^Average. 
Yegetatles — Fine. 
Apples — Not  many. 
Other  Fruits — Small  fruit  fine. 
Cattle — Fine. 
Horses — Fine. 

Swine — Fine;   some  cholera. 
Poultry — Good. 
Drainage — $1,000,000  expended  to  date  and  worth  the  money. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  939 

Other  Industries — Prosperous. 
Lands — Prices  on  the  increase. 

Report  of  Fair— Held  September  10-13.  Exhibits  were  fine  but  we 
were  rained  out. 

MONROE. 

LOREN  PEERIN,  AI.BIA,  OCTOBER  2,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Crops  in  very  good  condition 
except  a  few  late  pieces  of  corn,  which  were  caught  by  frost.  Pastures 
are  good  but  a  little  cool  for  growing. 

Corn— Good.  Yielding  from  35  to  80  bushels  per  acre.  A  great  many 
silos  being  put  up  and  filled. 

Oats — Good  quality  and  yield  about  40  bushels  per  acre. 

Wheat — Fall  wheat  very  heavy,  making  from  25  to  52  bushels  per 
acre.    Spring  wheat  not  so  good,  averaging  from  14  to  20  bushels. 

Rye — Not  much  grown. 

Barley — None. 

Fla^ — None. 

Buckwheat — Not  any. 

Millet — ^Very  little  grown. 

Sorghum — ^Good  crop  where  sown. 

Timothy — Fair  crop  of  hay  saved  in  good  condition.  Lots  of  seed 
threshed,  making  from  4  to  10  bushels  per  acre.  Hay  averaged  about 
1^  tons  per  acre. 

Clover — First  crop  heavy  but  it  was  a  little  dry  for  the  second  crop. 
Well  filled  with  seed. 

Prairie  Hay — None. 

Potatoes — Early  ones  a  fair  yield  but  the  late  ones  will  not  be  so  good 
on  account  of  being  too  dry. 

Vegetables — Good.    All  kinds  plentiful. 

Apples — Very  few  and  of  poor  quality. 

Other  Fruits — Very  scarce,  except  plums,  which  were  very  plentiful 
and  of  fine  quality. 

Cattle — A  shortage  of  cattle.    They  are  selling  at  high  prices. 

Horses — Not  many  for  sale;  quite  a  good  many  colts  raised  this  year. 

Sioine — ^Not  very  plentiful.    A  good  many  pigs  died  last  spring. 

Sheep — Not  many  in  the  county. 

Poultry — A  good  many  chickens  raised  but  not  many  turkeys. 

Bees — ^Very  few. 

Other  Industries — Coal  mining  is  a  big  industry  in  Monroe  county. 

Lands — Not  much  changing  hands  but  price  is  going  up  all  the  time. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  24-27.  People  were  taking  quite  an 
interest  in  it  but  the  weather  was  very  cold  and  rainy  and  this  cut  down 
the  attendance.  j     ( 


940  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

MONTGOMERY. 

M.   H.   BATHBONE,   RED  OAK,   OCTOBEB  16,   1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and)  Season — Splendid. 

Corn — In  good  shape  and  will  be  ready  to  crib  by  October  20th.  Good 
outlook  for  an  average  of  40  to  60  bushels  per  acre. 

Oats — Good  yield  and  splendid  quality.  Average  35  to  40  bushels  per 
acre. 

Wheat — General  average  30  bushels,  quality  fair. 

Sorghum — Very  little  in  this  county  but  good  what  there  is. 

Timothy — Very  light  except  in  extreme  eastern  portion  of  the  county, 
where  they  have  a  big  crop  this  season.   Not  much  threshed  yet. 

Clover — Small  yield. 

Potatoes — Crop  good  for  early  potatoes  but  late  ones  very  poor. 

Vegetables — Fine;   better  than  for  several  years. 

Apples — ^Very  few.    Most  trees  died  out  last  winter. 

Other  Fruits — Small  fruits  were  a  fair  crop. 

Cattle — Below  the  average  for  this  county. 

Horses — More  raised  in  1912  than  for  several  years.    Market  high. 

Swine — Cholera  has  injured  the  stock  hogs  considerably.  More  Durocs 
than  any  other  breed. 

Sheep — Very  few. 

Poultry — Lots  of  them.    A  very  good  season. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  4-6.  Attendance  light.  Rained  nearly 
every  night.    Exhibits  were  better  than  for  years. 

MUSCATINE. 

H.   H.   JOHNSON,  Wn.TON   JUNCTION,   OCTOBEB  1,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 

Corn — Largest  yield  in  the  history  of  the  county. 

Oats — Same  as  corn. 

Wheat — Not  extra. 

Rye — Good. 

Barley — Poor  yield. 

Flax — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — Fair. 

MiTlet — Good. 

Sorghum — Good. 

Timothy — Fair. 

Clover — Good. 

Prairie  Hay — None. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Good. 

Potatoes — Large  yield;   good  quality. 

Tegetables — ^Fine. 

J.j)ple«— Not  a  great  many. 

OtJier  frtiifs— Plentiful. 

Cattle — Not  a  large  number. 

Horses — Good  horses  and  plenty  of  them. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV      941 

Swine— Not  many.    Cholera  has  been  very  prevalent. 
Bheep — Not  a  great  many  in  the  county. 
Poultry — A  great  number  and  many  of  them  pure  bred. 
Bees — Fair. 
Drainage — Good. 
Other  Industries — Good. 

Lands— Good;   value  $150.00  to  $250.00  per  acre. 

Report   of  Fair— Held   August   13-15    at  Wilton   Junction.    Good   fair; 
fine  racing.    We  were  a  little  short  on  concessions. 


MUSCATINE. 

W.    H.    SHIPMAN,    WEST    LIBERTY,    OCTOBEE    15,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Crops  in  the  best  condition 
they  have  been  for  years.  The  season  was  probably  a  little  backward  to 
start  with  but  favorable  weather  overcame  the  adverse  conditions. 

Corn — First  class.  A  small  per  cent  injured  by  frost.  The  yield  will 
be  good  and  the  quality  fine. 

Oats — A  bumper  crop,  both  as  to  yield  and  quality. 

Wheat — Larger  acreage  than  common  and  quality  good. 

Rye — Acreage   light  but  quality  good. 

Barley — A  big  crop  and  of  fine  quality. 

Fkix — None  raised. 

Buckwheat — Very  little  raised. 

Millet — Heavy  crop;   small  acreage. 

Sorghum — Light  crop  but  good  quality. 

Timothy— A  light  stand  but  well  filled  out  and  of  good  quality.  Much 
of  it  threshed  for  seed. 

Glover — A  light  stand. 

Prairie  Hay — ^None. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — A  number  are  experimenting  with  alfalfa 
with  very  satisfactory  results. 

Potatoes — A  good  crop  and  good  quality. 

Vegetables — Garden  vegetables  a  good  crop.     None  raised  for  market. 

Apples — Very  light  crop;    quality  inferior  to  other  years. 

Other  Fruits — Small  fruits  were  a  good  crop.  Grapes  a  good  crop  and 
of  fine  quality. 

Cattle — Increased  demand  for  beef  breeds  but  the  number  and  quality 
are  below  other  years.  Good  demand  for  breeding  stock.  Increased  in- 
terest in   dairying   and   cows   sell  high. 

Horses — A  good  demand  for  good  horses  and  sell  at  good  prices. 

Swine — Demand  was  never  better.  Crop  of  pigs  was  good.  Some 
cholera. 

Sheep — Very  little  change. 

Poultry — Increased   interest  in   good   birds   and   better   care   taken   of 
them.      No  disease. 
Bees — Very   scarce. 


942  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Drainage — Much  tiling  being  done.  Larger  tile  being  used  than  for- 
merly. 

Lands — Very  little  for  sale.     Prices  out  of  sight. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  August  19-22  and  was  a  success  in  every  way. 
Good  weather  and  the  best  attendance  in  the  history  of  the  fair. 

O'BRIEN. 

GEORGE    GARDNER,     SHELDON,     SEPTEMBER    10,     1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Crops  were  slow  in  getting 
started  on  account  of  continued  cold  weather  in  the  spring,  but  later 
the  conditions  were  favorable  and  nearly  everything  caught  up  and  was 
ready  for  harvest  at  the  usual  time.  Better  crops  were  never  grown 
in  O'Brien  county. 

Corn — ^At  this  time  there  is  every  indication  that  there  will  be  a 
bumper  crop  of  corn.  The  stand  is  unusually  good,  the  ears  are  large 
and  well  filled,  and  an  early  frost  is  the  only  thing  that  can  prevent  a 
"bumper  crop." 

Oats — A  heavy  stand  of  straw,  well  filled  heads,  and  weight  consid- 
erably in  excess  of  machine  measure  and  estimate. 

Wheat — ^Largest  acreage  for  many  years  and  good  yield. 

Rye — Comparatively  little  grown  but  that  was   good. 

Barley — Large  acreage  and  good  yield.  Many  fields  were  colored  on 
account  of  rain  before  stacking. 

Flax — ^Very   little   sown   but  yield   was   fair. 

Buckwheat — None   grown   here    for   market. 

Millet — ^Very    little   sown. 

Sorghum — None  produced  hereabouts. 

Timothy — A  very  fine   crop. 

Clover — An   unusually  heavy   crop   and  considerable   saved. 

Prairie  Hay — Very  scarce  in  this  county  but  what  we  had  was  heavy 
and   fine    quality. 

Other  G^-ains  and  Grasses — Some  farmers  are  experimenting  with 
alfalfa  and  most  of  them  are  of  the  opinion  that  it  can  be  grown  here 
profitably. 

Potatoes — An  average  yield  of  late  potatoes  but  early  varieties  were 
below  the  average.    There  will  be  some  potatoes  here  for  market. 

Vegetables — Unusually  good  this  season. 

Apples — Very  scarce  this  season. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  plentiful.  Cherries  and  small  garden  fruit  very 
good. 

Cattle — Looking  fine.  This  section  of  the  country  has  many  fine  herds 
of  the  best  blooded  stock  to  be  found  anywhere.  The  farmers  are  inter- 
ested in  improving  their  herds  and  the  prospects  are  bright  for  this 
developing  into  one  of  the  best  stock  sections  of  Iowa. 

Horses — Farm  horses  are  of  superior  quality;  high  grade  draft  breeds. 
There  are  also  a  few  standard  bred  horses. 

Swine — Numerous.  High  prices  of  recent  years  have  induced  the 
farmers  to  go  into  the  hog  business  on  a  large  scale  and  has  made  it 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  943 

a  source  of  profit.  Some  of  the  best  strains  of  Poland  China,  Duroc 
Jersey  and  other  breeds  are  produced  here  and  shipped  as  stock  hogs 
to  all  parts  of  the  country. 

Sheep — Comparatively  few  are  raised  but  the  ones  who  have  gone 
into  the  business  find  it  profitable.  The  flocks  are  well  bred  and  are 
looking  fine. 

Poultry — This  is  a  poultry  country.  The  common  "barn  yard  fowl" 
has    disappeared    and   well   bred   birds   are   plentiful. 

Bees — Few  swarms  kept. 

Drainage — A  great  deal  of  drainage  has  been  done  during  the  past 
several  years. 

Other  Indmstries — Flouring  mills,  and  cement  and  tile  factories  do- 
ing a   prosperous   business. 

Lands — Prices  range  from  $100.00  to  $175.00  per  acre.  Several  small 
tracts  of  from  40  to  50  acres  have  sold  at  $200.00  per  acre.  Prices 
have   advanced    steadily   for   several   years. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  at  Sheldon  August  27-30.  The  weather,  ex- 
cept the  last  day,  was  very  favorable  and  the  attendance  was  very 
good.  There  was  a  good  program  and  the  people  were  well  pleased 
with  the  exhibition. 

O'BRIEN. 

J.    B.    MURPHY,    SUTHERLAND,    OCTOBER    12,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Crops  good,  best  we  have  had 
for  years.     Rainfall  below  normal  at  this  season. 

Corn — About  two  weeks  late.  Indications  are  that  we  will  have  a 
large  yield  of  good  corn. 

Oats — Away   above    the   average   in    quantity   and   weight. 

Wheat — ^Very  little  raised  but  what  we  had  was  good.  More  winter 
wheat  is  being  raised  than  heretofore. 

Rye — None  to  speak  of. 

Flax — None  to  speak  of.  ' 

BucTcwheat — Not   any. 

Millet — Heavy  crop.     Very  little  raised. 

Sorghum — Good. 

Timothy — The  best  in  years;   excellent  for  both  hay  and  seed. 

Clover — Average  crop  and  well  filled  with  seed. 

Prairie  Hay — None. 

Potatoes — Good  but  not  so  large  as  the  average. 

VegetaMes — Good   and  plentiful. 

Apples — None. 

Other  Fruits — Small   fruits   and  plums  excellent. 

Cattle — Scarce.     In    good    condition   and    high   priced. 

Horses — Good.     More  than  usual. 

Sunne — Not  quite  so  many  pigs  as  usual.    Some  sickness. 

Sheep — ^We  have  several  small  flocks  and  they  seem  to  be  doing  well. 

Poultry — About  the  average  lot.    Some  disease. 

Bees — Mostly   killed   during   the   winter   of   1911-12. 


944  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

Drainage — Good. 

Other  Indhistries — None. 

Lands — ^Advancing  in  price  rapidly. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  4-6.  The  weather  was  good.  The 
attendance  was  not  very  good  on  account  of  other  attractions  held  at 
the  time  of  the  fair. 

PAGE. 

A.    W.    GOLDBERG,    SHENANDOAH,    SEPTEMBER    5,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — "The  best  ever." 
Corn — Ideal  prospects. 

Oats — Heavy  crop.     Somewhat  hurt  in  shock  by  rains. 
WJieat — Heavy  crop  but  hurt  in  many  places  on  account  of  rain. 
Rye— Good  but  a  limited  acreage. 
jBarZei^— Same  as  rye. 
Flax — Not  any. 
Buckwheat — Not  any. 
Millet — Practically  none. 
Sorghum — Not  enough  to  report  on. 
Timothy — Good  crop  but  hurt  in  the  shock. 

Clover — Looks  as  though  there  would  be  a  good  crop  at  this  date. 
Prairie  Hay — Fair  and  good. 
Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Good. 

Potatoes — Pair  to  good.  •  . 

Vegetables — Good. 
Apples — ^Very  light. 

Other  Fruits — Plums,  cherries  and  grapes  very  good;  others  a  failure. 
Cattle — Light  supply. 
Horses — ^Normal. 
Swine — Average. 
Sheep — ^Light. 

Poultry — Late  but  a  heavier  average  than  last  year. 
Bees — ^Very  few. 
Drainage — Good. 

Lands — High  priced  and  hard  to  get. 

Report  of  Fair — August  12-16.  We  had  rainy  weather  which  caused 
a  loss  in  attendance  and  receipts  of  about  35%. 


PAGE. 

J.  C.  BECKNER,  CLAEINDA,  OCTOBER,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Favorable  season. 
Corn — Will  be  more  than  an  average  crop.    The  early  corn  is  of  extra 
fine  quality. 
Oats — The  best  I  have  ever  known  in  Iowa. 
Wheat — A  very  heavy  crop  and  large  acreage. 
Rye — Practically  none  raised. 
Barley — Very  little  raised. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  945 

Flax — Not  any. 

BucJcioheat — None. 

Millet — Very  little  raised. 

Sorghum — Splendid    crop. 

Timothy — Extra  good  quality.  Not  quite  as  much  as  usual  on  account 
of  being  killed  by  last  year's  drouth. 

Clover — Quality  fine  but  small  acreage  and  yield. 

Prairie  Hay — Very  little  raised. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Bluegrass  was  extra  all  year. 

Potatoes — About  an  average  crop  and  of  fine  quality. 

Vegetahles — A  fine  crop. 

Apples — Very  few  this  year. 

Other  Fruits — Cherries  were  plentiful  and  of  extra  fine  quality.  Short 
crop  of  berries. 

Cattle — Not  as  many  as  we  should  have  but  we  have  some  very  fine 
herds. 

Horses — We  have  a  number  of  as  fine  horses  as  any  county  can  boast  of. 

8ici?ie — Several  large  herds  of  pure  bred  swine  in  the  county.  More 
cholera  prevalent  than  for  many  years  and  there  are  not  so  many  pigs 
as   usual. 

Sheep — Quite  an  interest  taken  in  this  industry. 

Poultry — There  are  thousands  of  fine  birds  of  many  different  breeds 
raised  here. 

Bees — Not  much  interest  in  this  industry.  . 

Drainage — Thousands  of  dollars  are  being  spent  in  straightening  the 
Nodaway,  East  River  and  The  Tarkio.  Many  tile  are  also  being  used. 

Other  Industries — Lawn  mower  factory  at  Clarinda  doing  a  very  good 
business. 

Lands — Selling  from  $125.00  to  $300.00  per  acre,  depending  on  loca- 
tion and  improvements. 

POCAHONTAS. 

J.    p.    MULLEN,    FONDA,    OCTOBEE   5,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 

Corn — Above  the  average  yield  but  not  fully  matured,  possibly  25  to 
30%    hurt  by  frost. 

Oats — Yield  from  40  to  70  bushels  per  acre;   quality  good. 
Wheat — Fine. 

Rye — No  great  amount  grown  in  this  county. 
Barley — Good. 

Flax — Not  much  grown;    yield  good. 
Buckwheat — Fair. 
Millet — Heavy  crop. 
Sorghum — Good. 

Timothy — Best  yield  in  many  years;   quality  good. 
Clover — Good. 
Prairie  Hay — Heavy  crop. 
Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Good. 
60 


946  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE  .    i 

Potatoes — Fair  yield;    quality  good.  ; 

Vegetables — Abundant. 

Apples — Poor  crop. 

Other  Fruits — Abundant. 

Cattle — Scarcity  of  young  stock. 

Horses — About  the  average. 

Svnne — A  nice  lot  of  pigs. 

Sheep — Increasing. 

Poultry — About  the  average  number  of  chicks.  Not  so  many  turkeys 
as  usual. 

Bees — Poor. 

Drainage — Progressing. 

Other  Industries — Cement  and  tile  factory  doing  a  flourishing  busi- 
ness. 

Lands — Prices  increased  about  25  or  35%. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  August  6-10.  Very  good  exhibits  but  attendance 
was  not  up  to  standard  on  account  of  wet  weather. 


POTTAWATTAMIE. 

CALEB    SMITH,    AVOCA,    OCTOBER    19,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Very  dry  until  about  the 
first  of  September. 

Corn — Twenty-five  per  cent  better  than  the  year  1911. 

Oats — ^Very  good;   yield  as  high  as  70  to  75  bushels  per  acre. 

Wheat — Better  yield  and  quality  than  has  been  threshed  the  last  30 
years;   44  bushels  winter  wheat  and  24  spring  wheat  reported  threshed. 

Rye— Very  little  raised  in  this  county. 

Barley — Good;   not  much  raised. 

Flax — None  raised. 

Buckwheat — Not  any. 

Millet — Not  much  raised. 

Sorghum — Not  much  grown. 

Timothy — Light  crop   on  account  of  dry  weather  early  in  season. 

Clover — Same  as  timothy. 

Prairie  Hay — Late  rains  helped  it  some  but  not  an  average  crop. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Alfalfa  about  an  average  crop.  More  of 
it  raised  as  farmers  begin  to  realize  its  value. 

Potatoes — 25%   better  than  the  1911  crop. 

Vegetables — Quality  and  quantity  above  the  average. 

Apples — ^Very  light  crop. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  abundant,  grapes  average,  cherries  plentiful.  All 
berries  about  80%    of  an  average  crop. 

Cattle — In  good  condition  and  prices  high. 

Horses — Are  in  good  demand  and  each  year  there  is  an  increase  in 
the  number  of  foals  and  the  quality  is  improving. 

Swine — At  present  writing  they  are  doing  well.  Some  lo^s  by  dis- 
ease earlier  in  the  season. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  947 

Sheep — Not  many  raised  in  this  county  but  a  good  many  are  shipped 
in  and  fed  during  the  fall  and  winter  months  and  farmers  realize 
a  good  profit  therefrom. 

Poultry — One  of  our  leading  industries.  Thousands  of  dollars  worth 
of  poultry  and  eggs  are  sold  each  year. 

Bees — Not  enough  kept  to  supply  the  home  demand  for  honey. 

Drainage — County  is  generally  rolling  and  very  little  tiling  being  done. 

Other  Industries — Very  little  being  accomplished  outside  of  farming 
and  stock  raising. 

Lands — Farms  are  increasing  in  value  and  are  selling  from  $125  to 
$175  per  acre.  Rents  have  increased  about  25%   the  past  few  years. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  at  Avoca  September  24-27.  The  exhibits  and  at- 
tractions were  the  best  in  the  history  of  the  fair  but  the  attendance 
was  the  poorest  on  account  of  the  threatening  and  rainy  weather.  Some 
of  the  races  and  attractions  were  called  off  on  account  of  the  muddy 
track.   We   expect,   however,   to   meet  all   bills. 


POWESHIEK. 

J.  T.  CESSNA,  GRINNELL,  OCTOBER  10,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Normal. 

Corn — Heavy.  Average  40  to  45  bushels  per  acre,  with  some  of  it 
going  as  high  as  100  bushels  per  acre.  Early  corn  very  good  but  late 
corn  somewhat  damaged  by  frost. 

Oats — Very  good;    average  from  45  to  50  bushels  per  acre. 

Wheat — Very  good;  average  from  20  to  25  bushels  per  acre. 

Rye — None  grown. 

Barley — Good,  averaging  about  45  bushels  per  acre. 

Flax — None  grown. 

Buckmheat — Not  any. 

Millet — Good. 

Sorghum — Not  any. 

Timothy — Good.     Seed  crop  good. 

Clover — Good.     Seed  crop  short. 

Potatoes — Good. 

Vegetables — Good. 

Apples — None. 

Other  Fruits — Fair. 

Cattle — Shortage,  probably  90  per  cent  of  normal.  Farmers  are  using 
more  land  for  corn  and  less  for  pastures. 

Horses — Average. 

Swine — Shortage,  probably  75  per  cent  of  normal. 

Sheep — Very  few  raised. 

Poultry — Large  crop. 

Laiids— Still  advancing.  Price  ranges  from  $75.00  to  $300.00  per  acre, 
according  to  location,  quality  and  improvements. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  2-5th.  Weather  bad  first  two  days. 
The  last  two  days  were  fine  and  our  attendance  good.  Our  attractions 
were  splendid  and  everyone  seemed  satisfied. 


948  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

POWESHIEK. 

JAMES    NOWAK,     MAI^COM,    OCTOBEE    28,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — One  of  the  best  crop  years 
we  have  had  in  the  history  of  the  county. 

Corn — The  spring  was  late  and  planting  delayed  but  a  good  stand  was 
secured.     About  10  per  cent  soft  on  account  of  early  frost  in  September. 

Oats — Never  better  in  the  history  of  the  state.  Yields  from  60  to 
100  bushels  per  acre  are  reported. 

Wheat — A  good  yield  of  both  spring  and  fall  wheat.     Quality  good. 

Rye — Good  yield  and  quality. 

Barley — A  good  crop. 

Flax — None  raised  in  this  county. 

Buckivheat — Good  yield  but  only  a  small  acreage. 

Millet — Also  a  good  yield. 

Sorghum — A  fine  crop. 

Timothy — Above  the  average.     Lots  of  seed  and  cheap. 

Glover — Good  crop. 

Prairie  Hay — None   here. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — All  other  grains  and  grasses  cultivated  pro- 
duced a  good  yield. 

Potatoes — An  average  crop. 

Vegetables — A  good  crop  of  all  varieties. 

Apples — Light. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  abundant  and  cherries  a  fair  crop.     Berries  fair. 

Cattle — Not  an  oversupply.     Prices  are  high. 

Horses — Demand  exceeds  the  supply.      Prices  good. 

Swine — Cholera  prevalent  and  many  hogs  are  being  shipped  out  be- 
fore they  are  matured. 

Sheep — Not  many  raised  here.     Prices  good. 

Poultry — Healthful  condition  and  one  of  our  leading  industries.  Prices 
are  good. 

Bees — Some  killed  last  winter  by  excessive  cold. 

Drainage — More  scientific  attention  being  paid  to  drainage. 

Other  Industries — A  large  number  of  silos  being  put  up.  Canning 
factories  doing  a  big  business. 

Lands — Going  steadily  up,  selling  from  $100  to  $200  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  August  19-20.  On  account  of  rain  and  threshing 
season  attendance  was  not  average.     Good  exhibits. 


RINGGOLD. 

L.  F.  HALL.   TINGLEY,   SEPTEISIBER  11,   1912. 

Corn — In  fine  condition.      With  ten  days  good  weather  will  be  out  of 
the  danger  of  frost.      The  yield  will  be  exceptionally  large. 
Oats — Good  quality;  yield  35  to  70  bushels  per  acre. 
Wheat— Good  quality;  yield  24  to  40  bushels. 
Rye — Not  much  grown. 
Barley — Very  little  grown. 
Flax — None  grown. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV      949 

Buckwheat — Small  acreage.  Will  be  good  if  present  weather  condi- 
tions continue. 

Sorghum — Good. 

Timothy — Heavy  yield  of  hay  and  seed. 

Glover — Heavy  yield  of  hay.      Second  crop  for  seed  looks  good. 

Prairie  Hay — None  to  report  on. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Bluegrass  heavy  this  year. 

Potatoes — Early  ones  fair  yield  and  good  quality.  Late  ones  looking 
well. 

Vegetables — Abundant  yield  of  all  kinds. 

Apples — Very  few. 

Other  Fruits — Small  fruits  average. 

Cattle — Scarce  and  hard  to  buy. 

Horses — Improvement  in  breeding.    Average  number  in  the  county. 

Sioine — Healthful  condition.      Only  an  average  number  for  market. 

Sheep — More  interest  being  taken  in  sheep  raising.  More  than  usual 
in  this  vicinity. 

Poultry — On  the  increase.  More  attention  given  to  the  raising  of 
better  fowls. 

Bees — Not  much  attention  given  to  bee  culture. 

Drainage — Some  tiling  being  done. 

Lands — Being  farmed  better  and  additional  improvements  being  made. 
Increasing  in  value. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  5-6.  Original  dates  were  Sept.  4-6, 
but  we  were  obliged  to  change  on  account  of  rainy  weather.  Under  the 
circumstances  we  think  we  did  well. 


SAC. 

GUS    STEOHMEIER,    SAC    CITY,    OCTOBER   23,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Crops  quite  good  and  season 
fair.     Frost  about  the  usual  time  and  rainfall  average. 
Corn — Large  acreage  and  most  of  it  good.     Late  corn  hurt  by  frost. 
Oats — Good  yield  and  good  quality.     Late  oats  the  best. 
Wheat — ^Winter  wheat  a  fine  crop;  good  yield  and  fine  grade. 
Rye — Good  crop  but  not  much  sown. 
Barley — Good  quality  but  small  acreage. 
Flax — Not  much  put  in  here. 
Buckwheat — Not  much  grown  here. 

Millet — Fine  and  considerable  raised.    Of  the  best  grade. 
Sorghum — Two  mills  here  and  they  were  kept  busy  in  the  season. 
Timothy — Fine  quality  and  quite  a  bit  threshed  for  seed. 
Clover — Good  crop  and  seeded  well.     Both  crops  fine  and  heavy. 
Prairie  Hay — Very  little  here. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Alfalfa  good  and  more  raised  than  usual. 
Potatoes — Good.     Fair  yield. 
Vegetables — Plentiful  and  good. 
Apples — Very  short  crop. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  abundant  and  grapee  fine. 
Cattle — In  good  condition  but  not  the  usual  number. 


950  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Horses — Doing  fine.     A  great  many  colts  raised  this  year. 

Sioine — Fine  herds  and  all  are  doing  nicely. 

Sheep — Not  doing  very  well. 

Poultry — In  good  condition  and  lots  of  them.     Prices  good. 

Bees — Not  many  but  the  honey  is  of  the  best  grade. 

Drainage — Our  land  is  mostly  tiled. 

Other  Industries — We  have  a  sweet  corn  factory,  a  tile  factory  and  a 
stone  factory,  all  doing  a  good  business. 

Lrands — Selling  at  the  highest  prices  and  changing  hands.  Rented  land 
is  scarce,  renting  from  $4.00  to  $7.00  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  August  13-16.  Good  attractions  and  good  attend- 
ance and  fine  racing. 

SHELBY. 

FRED    FRAZIEE,    HARLAN,    SEPTEMBER    9,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — All  crops  are  at  or  above  nor- 
mal yield.  The  season  has  been  very  dry  in  the  main  but  lately  we  have 
had  plenty  of  rain. 

Corn — About  90%  of  a  stand;  acreage  increased  about  15%  and  yield 
will  be  above  the  average  in  case  frost  stays  off  until  October  1st. 

Oats — Acreage  about  normal  and  yield  the  best  in  ten  years. 

Wheat — Normal  acreage  and  yield  fully  up  to  normal. 

Rye — None  grown  except  in  patches.    Good  yield. 

Barley — About  average  yield  and  acreage  a  little  above  normal. 

Flaw — None  grown. 

Buckwheat — But  little  grown.    I  do  not  know  of  any. 

Millet — About  the  usual  amount  sown.  The  best  crop  we  have  had 
in  years. 

Sorghum — Not  much  grown  except  for  home  consumption.  Some  sown 
for  forage  and  will  yield  a  good  crop. 

Timothy — Better  than  last  year  but  hardly  up  to  the  normal  yield. 
Secured  in  fine  condition. 

Clover — Not  the  average  yield  nor  acreage.  The  past  two  seasons  have 
been  too  dry  for  seeding. 

Prairie  Hay— But  little  left. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Considerable  alfalfa  has  been  sown.  The 
stand  is  pretty  good  and  it  promises  to  be  a  success. 

Potatoes — Drouth  has  hurt  this  crop  some.  There  will  be  plenty  for 
home  use. 

VegetaNes — Good  crop  of  all  kinds. 

Apples — About  5%  of  a  crop. 

Other  Fruits — Grapes  and  plums  a  full  crop,  others  only  fair. 

Cattle — Fewer  cattle  are  owned  in  this  county  than  a  year  ago.  High 
prices  this  season  have  taken  too  many  cows  out  of  the  county.  The 
usual  number  of  calves  are  on  hand. 

Horses — Good  horses  are  high  priced  and  scarce.  More  than  the 
usual  number  of  foals. 

Swine — Not  the  usual  number.     No  disease. 

Sheep — A  neglected  industry.    Some  being  shipped  in  to  feed. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  951 

Poultry — Plenty  of  fowls.  Young  chickens  are  late  but  there  are  more 
than  usual. 

Bees — Only  small  interest  taken  in  this  industry. 

Drainage — A  great  deal  being  done. 

Other  Industries — No  new  enterprises  have  been  started  during  the 
past  year. 

Lands — Values  have  not  increased  much  if  any.  They  range  in  price 
from  $100  to  $250  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  August  19-22.  The  best  fair  ever  held  in  the 
county. 

SIOUX. 

J.  G.  VAN  DER  BERG,  ORANGE  CITY,  OCTOBER  15,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Generally  in  good  condition. 

Corn — Good  crop;  yield  above  the  average  and  well  matured. 

Oats — Very  good  quality  and  heavy  yield. 

Wheat — Good,  averaging  from  15  to  25  bushels  per  acre;  quality  good. 

Rye — Not  any. 

Barley — Fair.     Average  20  to  40  bushels  per  acre. 

Flax — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — None, 

Millet — Good.     About  the  usual  amount. 

Sorghum — Very  little  raised. 

Timothy — Below  the  average  crop. 

Clover — Fair  crop.    Killed  somewhat  by  the  severe  winter. 

Prairie  Hay — None. 

Potatoes — Very  good;   large  acreage. 

VegetaJ)les — Very  good. 

Apples — Not  any.     Total  failure  this  year. 

Other  Fruits — Very  little. 

Cattle — In  very  good  condition  but  not  as  many  as  in  1911.  A  good 
many  young  cattle  were  shipped  last  fall  on  account  of  scarcity  of  feed. 

Horses — In  good  condition  and  about  the  usual  number. 

Swine — In  good  shape.    The  number  of  pigs  is  a  good  average. 

Sheep — Not  as  many  as  last  year.  Most  farmers  disposed  of  them  last 
fall  on  account  of  scarcity  of  feed. 

Poultry — The  usual  number.     Prices  high. 

Bees — Not  many  here.     Honey  of  good 'quality. 

Drainage — This  county  has  a  natural  drainage. 

Lands — Increase  in  price  this  year  from  $25.00  to  $50.00  per  acre. 
Selling  from  $150  to  $200  per  acre.  Our  farms  are  well  improved  and 
the  soil  is  first  class. 

Report  of  Fair — Fair  held  September  11-13.  Weather  and  attendance 
good.     Exhibits  were  very  good  in  all  departments. 


952  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

SCOTT. 

EDWAED    COLLINS,    DAVENPORT,    NOVEMBEE    25,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Crops  above  tlie  average  and 
season  favorable. 

Corn — Yield  about  45  bushels  per  acre  and  quality  good. 

Oats — Good  yield,  about  35  bushels  per  acre  and  quality  good. 

Wheat — Only  a  fair  yield,  about  20  bushels  per  acre.     Quality  good. 

Rye — Extra   good   yield   and   good   quality. 

Barley — About  35  bushels  per  acre;   quality  very  good. 

Flax — None  to  speak  of. 

Buckwheat — But  little  grown. 

Millet — Only  a  small  quantity  raised;   quality  good. 

Sorghum — Very  little  grown. 

Timothy — Yield  about  1%  tons  per  acre. 

Prairie  Hay — Fair  yield;   good  quality. 

Other  Grains  and  Ch'asses — Very  little. 

Potatoes — Yielded  about  100  bushels  per  acre.  The  quality  as  a  whole 
was  fair. 

Vegetables — A  good  average  yield;  good  quality. 

Apples — Yield  about  10%. 

Other  Fruits — Small  fruits  good. 

Cattle — In  a  healthful   condition  and  prospects   are  satisfactory. 

Horses — The  usual  number  raised,  with  a  tendency  toward  increase 
on  account  of  high  prices. 

Swine — Conditions  are  not  so  good  as  usual.  Cholera  has  been  more 
or  less  prevalent.     Number  raised  below  the  average. 

Sheep — Average  number  raised  and  they  are  in  a  healthful  condition. 

Poultry — Raised  in  large  numbers  and  increasing. 

Bees — An  ordinary  year. 

Drainage — County  is  pretty  well  drained. 

Other  Industries — Thriving. 

Lands— Ysdues  tending  higher.  Sales  being  made  at  good  figures  with 
ready  buyers. 

Report  of  Fair — No  fair  was  held  this  season. 

STORY. 

L    O.    HASBROUCK,    AMES,   OCTOBER   28,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 

C07-71 — Above  the  average. 

Oats — Heavy  yield. 

Wheat — Good  crop;    heavy  yield. 

Rye — Not  much  raised. 

Barley — Very  little  raised. 

Flax — None. 

Buckwheat — Very  small  acreage. 

Millet — Some  small  pieces  a  big  yield. 

Sorghum — None. 

Timothy — Good  crops. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  953 

Clover — Good  crops,  both  first  and  second. 
Prairie  Hay — None. 
Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Not  any. 
Potatoes — Big  yield. 
Vegetables — Good. 
Apples — Small  yield. 
Other  Fruits — All  small  fruits  good. 
Cattle — Farmers  not  raising  many  cattle. 
Horses — Good. 

Swine — Good.     Some  cholera. 
Sheep — Few  but  good. 
Poultry — Good. 
Drainage — Most  all  drained. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  October  3,  1912,  and  proved  a  big  success.     The 
attendance  was  good  and  we  intend  to  hold  a  three  day  fair  next  year. 


TAMA. 

A.    G.    SMITH,    TOLEDO,    OCTOBER    4,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Above  the  average. 

Corn — Better  than  an  average  crop.  A  small  amount  hurt  by  frost; 
not  to  exceed  10%.     A  larger  acreage  than  last  year. 

Oats — 15%    in  excess  of  average  crop  and  quality  excellent. 

Wheat — Small  amount  but  of  excellent  quality.  Yield  about  20  bushels 
per  acre. 

Rye — Small  acreage  but  quality  and  yield  good. 

Barley — Small  acreage  but  yield  and  quality  very  good. 

Flax — I  know  of  none. 

Buckwheat — None. 

Millet — Small  acreage.     Yield  and  quality  good. 

Sorghum — Only  enough  for  private  use  grown. 

Timothy — Small  acreage.  Yield  and  quality  good.  The  hay  was  thin 
but  of  excellent  quality,  averaging  from  1  to  1^2  tons  per  acre. 

Clover — None  for  seed.     Hay  yielded  from  1  to  1%  tons  per  acre. 

Potatoes — Good  quality;  yield  about  the  average. 

Vegetables — Good  yield  and  excellent  quality. 

Apples — Scarcely  any. 

Other  Fruits — Lots  of  cherries,  plums  and  berries. 

Cattle — Not  so  many  as  usual. 

Horses — Draft  horses  are  increasing  in  number  and  grade. 

Swine — Increase  in  both  quality  and  number. 

Sheep — Only  small  flocks. 

Drainage — No  drainage  districts  at  all. 

Other  Industries — We  have  brick  and  tile  factories,  cigar  factories  and 
paper  and  flour  mills. 

Lands — Excellent  land,  adapted  to  general  farming  and  stock  raising. 
Steadily  advancing  in  price.     Average  price  $100  to  $125  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Date  of  fair  September  17-20.  On  account  of  rainy 
weather  our  exhibits  were  not  up  to  the  standard,  nor  was  the  attendance. 


954  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

TAYLOR. 

F.   N.   LETSVIS,  BEDFORD,  OCTOBER  27,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 
Corn — Good. 
Oats — Good. 

Wheat — Better  than  usual. 
Rye — Normal. 
Barley — Average. 
Flax — Normal. 
BuckivJieat — About  as  usual. 
Millet — Good. 
Sorghum — Good. 
Timothy — Good. 
Clover — Good. 

Prairie  Hay — Not  much  in  the  county. 
Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Good. 
Potatoes — Fair. 
Vegetables — Good. 
Apples — Failure. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  good  but  everything  else  almost  a  failure. 
.'    Cattle — Good  but  not  enough  in  the  county. 
Horses — Good. 

Swine — Good  but  not  so  many  as  usual. 
Sheep — Good. 
Poultry — Good. 
Bees — Good. 
Drainage — ^Fair. 
Other  Industries — Normal. 
Lands — Prices  good  and  advancing. 
Report  of  Fair — No  fair  held  this  year. 

VAN  BUREN. 

D.    A.    MILLER,    MELTON,    NOVEMBER    15,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — One  of  the  most  prosperous 
seasons  we  have  ever  had. 
Corn — Bumper  crop;  will  yield  from  60  to  100  bushels  per  acre. 
Oats — Excellent  quality;  big  yield. 
Wheat — Quality  excellent;   small  acreage. 
Rye — Good  but  only  a  small  acreage. 
Barley — None  grown  here. 
Flax — Not  any. 
Buckwheat — Good. 

Millet — Excellent  quality;   big  yield. 
Sorghum — Big  crop. 

Timothy — Largest  in  years;   yielding  from  5  to  10  bushels  per  acre. 
Clover — Quality  good;  yield  small. 
Prairie  Hay — Excellent  but  not  much  grown  here. 
Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Good  quality  and  large  yield. 
Potatoes — Fair  crop. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  955 

Vegetables — Excellent  crop. 
Apples — Three-fourths  of  a  crop. 
Other  Fruits — Large  yield. 
Cattle — Large  number  in  the  county. 
Horses — A  great  many  in  the  county. 
Siuine — Prices  high.       Short  in  number. 
Sheep — Quite  a  lot  of  sheep. 
Poultry — Getting  better  all  the  time. 
Bees — Average. 
Drainage — Good. 
Other  Industries — Flourishing. 
Lands — Good.     Value  high. 

Report  of  Fair— Held  September  17-20.  Good  fair;  in  fact  better  than 
usual,  both  as  to  attendance  and  exhibits. 

WAPELLO. 

H.    R.    BAKER,    ELDON,    OCTOBER   28,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Season  a  little  drouthy  during 
month  of  August  but  the  general  condition  of  crops  is  good. 

Corn — Very  good  crop  and  of  good  quality.  New  crop  starting  out  at 
40  cents  per  bushel. 

Oats — Unusually  good,  some  yielding  as  high  as  60  bushels  per  acre 
and  of  good  quality. 

Wheat— About  two-thirds  winter  killed.      The  rest  did  fairly  well. 

Rye — Very  little  sowed  but  that  did  well. 

Barley — No  barley. 

Flax — Not  any. 

Buckioheat — None. 

Millet — Some  millet  and  it  made  a  good  crop. 

Sorghum — Not  much  sown. 

Timothy— Fine  crop;  good  quality.     Price  about  $12.00  per  ton. 

Clover — Very  good  crop. 

Prairie  Hay — None. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Not  any. 

Potatoes — Light  crop;   fair  quality. 

Vegetables — Most  of  the  vegetables  did  fairly  well. 

Apples — Small  crop;  good  quality. 

Other  Fruits — Small  fruits  a  good  crop. 

Cattle — Very  scarce  and  high  priced. 

Horses — More  plentiful  than  usual  and  the  prices  are  high.  We  have 
a  much  better  grade  of  horses  than  a  year  ago. 

Swine — Healthful  condition  and  plentiful. 

Sheep — Not  many  in  this  locality. 

Poultry — A  very  paying  industry. 

Bees — Not  any. 

Drainage — Considerable  drain  tile  being  put  in  with  good  results. 

Lands — Good  lands  selling  from  $100  to  $150  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  3-6th.  Elegant  weather  and  large  at- 
tendance.    The  fair  was  a  financial  success. 


956  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE 

WARREN. 

JOE   M'COY,   INDIANOLA,    SEPTEMBEB   23,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — The  best  in  20  years. 

Com — The  acreage  is  as  large  as  usual  and  the  stand  good.  Indications 
are  that  we  will  have  a  big  yield  of  good  quality. 

Oats — Good.     35  to  70  bushels. 

Wheat — Good.    Will  average  35  bushels. 

Rye — Good. 

Barley — Not  much  sown. 

Flax — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — None. 

Millet — Not  much  raised  but  what  we  have  is  good. 

Sorghum — None. 

Timothy — Good. 

Clover — Not  much. 

Prairie  Hay — None. 

Potatoes — Early  ones  good;    late  ones  need  two  weeks  longer. 

Vegetables — Good. 

Apples — Not  any. 

Other  Fruits — Good. 

Cattle — Scarce. 

Horses — About  the  average. 

Swine — Not  as  many  as  usual. 

Sheep — Average. 

Poultry — Good  supply. 

Bees — Not  many. 

Drainage — Not  much  put  in  this  season. 

Lands — Selling  at  a  wide  range — $45  to  $200  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  Sept.  10-13.  Attendance  on  Wednesday  and  Thurs- 
day best  in  history  but  we  were  rained  out  on  Friday.  Good  exhibits  in 
most  departments. 

WAYNE. 

LOKEN  JOHNSTON,   SEWAL,  NOVEMBER  1,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — ^Favorable. 
Com — I  believe  it  will  yield  an  average  of  40  bushels  per  acre. 
Oats — Yielded  all  the  way  from  50  to  88  bushels. 
Wheat — Yielded  about  25  bushels  per  acre. 
Rye — About  25  bushels  an  average  yield. 
Barley — I  know  of  none. 
Flax — Not  any. 

Buckwheat — None  to  report  on. 
Millet — Fair  crop  but  not  much  raised. 
Sorghum — Very  little  grown. 

Timothy — Not  very  heavy  on  account  of  the  dry  weather  in  May  and 
June. 

Clover — Same  as  timothy. 
Prairie  Hay — ^None  to  speak  of. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  957 

Potatoes — Light,  crop. 

Vegetables — Light  crop. 

Apples — Some  orchards  had  no  apples  at  all,  others  only  a  few. 

Cattle — Scarce  and  high  priced. 

Horses — Scarce  and  high  priced. 

Stoine — A  good  many  hogs  but  cholera  has  been  prevalent. 

Sheep — Not  very  plentiful. 

Poultry — Not  as  many  as  usual. 

Bees — Not  many. 

Lands — Selling  from  $65  to  $130  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair— Held  September  12-14,  1912. 

WEBSTER. 

J.  C.  SAVAGE,  FORT  DODGE,  OCTOBER,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — All  crops  above  the  average 
of  the  last  four  years. 

Corn — Average  per  acre  42  bushels.      Quality  good. 

Oats — Good   quality   and   average   yield    about   39i    bushels    per   acre. 

Wheat — Grown  only  in  about  two  townships  in  this  county.  Quality 
fair  and  the  average  yield  about  18i/4  bushels. 

Barley — Acreage  limited.     Average  per  acre  40  bushels. 

Flax — I  know  of  none. 

Buckwheat — None  grown  for  market. 

Millet — Average  1%  tons  per  acre.  This  crop  is  usually  planted  where 
corn  or  other  crops  have  failed. 

Sorghum — Some  small  patches  grown  for  the  purpose  of  making 
sorghum.    None  grown  for  forage. 

Timothy — Quality  good;  weather  conditions  ideal  for  harvesting.  Aver- 
age per  acre  about  IJ  tons. 

Clover — Not  many  fields  of  clover.     Usually  grown  with  timothy. 

Prairie  Hay — Upland  prairie  hay  is  a  thing  of  the  past  in  this  county. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — None. 

Potatoes — Not  a  very  good  crop.  Potatoes  are  now  being  shipped  in 
from  the  north  to  supply  local  demand. 

Apples — Complete  failure  in  this  county. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  and  grapes  a  good  crop. 

Cattle — Not  enough  kept  in  this  county  to  eat  the  rough  feed.  They 
are  high  in  price  and  it  is  hard  to  secure  stockers  and  milk  cows. 

Horses — More  being  raised  in  recent  years  and  most  all  are  using  full 
blood  sires. 

Swine — Large  percent  died  of  cholera. 

Sheep — None  that  I  know  of  in  this  locality. 

Drainage — Is  being  conducted  by  the  county  board  of  supervisors  for 
the  last  eight  years  and  is  meeting  with  great  approval  by  more  of  the 
tax  payers. 

Lands — Good  land  in  this  county  sells  for  $125.00  to  $150.00  per  acre. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  24-27. 


958  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

WINNESHIEK. 

ED  BLAKEMAN,   DBCORAH,   OCTOBEB   25,   1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 
Corn — Good. 
Oats — Very  good. 
Wheat — Good. 
Rye — Good. 
Barley — Good. 
Flaw — Good. 
BucMvheat — Good. 
Millet— Good. 
Sorghum — Good. 
Timothy — Very    good. 
Clover — Same   as   timothy. 
Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Good. 
Potatoes — Good. 
Vegetables — Good. 
Apples — Not  many. 
Other  Fruits — Fairly  good. 
Cattle — Good. 
Horses — Good. 
Swine — Some  cholera. 
Sheep — Good. 
Poultry — Good. 
Bees — Not  good. 
Drainage — Good. 
Other  Industries — Good. 
Lands — Good. 

Report  of  Fair— Held  September  10-13,  1912.  Quite  a  successful  fair; 
net  profits  being  about  $200.00. 

WINNEBAGO. 

M.    M.    THOMPSON,   FOREST    CITY,    SEPTEMBER   26,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Crops  very  good  and  we 
^-^.ve  had  an  excellent  season. 

Corn — Best  we  have  had  for  many  years.  The  stand  is  100  per  cent 
with    an    increased    acreage. 

Oats — Yield  heavy,  ranging  from  50  to  70  bushels.  Weight  very 
heavy. 

Wheat — Not  a  large  acreage  but  what  we  had  was  good. 

Rye — But   little   raised.     Better   yield   and   quality   than   for   years. 

Barley — Quite  a  large  acreage  and  a  very  heavy  crop.  Yield  from 
35  to  45  bushels  per  acre. 

Flax — None    raised    to    speak    of. 

Buckwheat — Very  little  grown. 

Sorghum — Very  little  raised. 

Timothy — Heavy  stand,  ranging  from  2  to  5  tons  per  acre. 

Clover — Fine  crop. 

Prairie  Hay — None. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV      959 

Potatoes — Large  acreage  and  fine  crop.  There  will  be  many  car- 
loads  shipped    from   this   station. 

Vegetables — Abundant. 

Apples — But  few  apples  this  year. 

Other  Fruits — Plums  abundant  and  of  good  quality.     Berries  good. 

Cattle — Larger  number  raised  than  in  former  years  and  they  are  all 
in  good  condition.      We  have  several  fine  herds. 

Horses — We  have  a  large  number  of  fine  horses  of  different  breeds. 

8ivine — More    than   usual.      All   in    fine    condition. 

Sheep — Not  many  raised  but  they  do  well. 

Poultry — This  is  a  fine  shipping  point  and  many  carloads  of  poultry 
go  direct  from  here  to  eastern  markets. 

Bees — Not  many  raised. 

Drainage — Much  tiling  is  being  done  and  there  are  a  great  many 
drainage  districts  established. 

Other  Industries — Sweet  corn  canning  factory  will  put  up  800,000  cans 
this  fall.  Cement  tile  and  other  cement  products  factory  have  been 
doing  a  big  business. 

Lands — Have  increased  in  value  and  are  selling  at  from  $90  to  $125 
per  acre  with  good  demand  for  all  improved  farms. 


WOODBURY. 

JAMBS     HOBBS,     MOVILLE,     OCTOBER    4,     1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — More  than  an  average.     The 
soil  was  in  good  condition  this  spring  with  abundance  of  rain  all  season. 
Corn — A  very  heavy  crop.     A  small  percent  injured  by  the  frost. 
Oats — Average  yield  per  acre  50  bushels;   good  quality. 
Wheat — Not  much  raised. 
Rye — None. 
Barley — Very  good. 
Flax — Not   any. 
Buckwheat — None. 

Millet — Heavy   crop.     Raised   only   for   hay. 
Sorghum — I  know  of  none. 
Timothy — An    excellent   crop. 
Clover — An    abundant    crop. 
Prairie  Hay — None  left  here. 
Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Good. 
Potatoes — Good   crop. 
Vegetables — All  kinds  abundant. 
Apples — ^Very  scarce. 
Other   i^'rwifs— Plentiful. 

Cattle — Not   the   average   number   and   in   very   good   condition. 
Horses — Plentiful,  with   a  tendency  toward  better  grades. 
Swine — Not  the   average   number  but   generally  in   good   condition. 
Sheep — Few  but  of  a  good  grade. 
Poultry — Average. 
Bees — Scarce. 


960  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Drainage — All   low    lands   in   the   county   are   being   drained   by   both 
private   and  county   work. 
Other  Industries — Controlled   by  the   amount  of  labor   obtainable.  - 
Lands — Rapidly  increasing  in  value. 
Report  of  Fair — Held  September  4-6. 


WOODBURY. 

JOE    MORTON,    SIOUX    CITY,    SEPTEMBER    16-21,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — The  season  has  been  unusually 
good.  The  general  opinion  of  the  leading  agriculturalists  is  that  never 
in  the  history  of  the  county  have  crop  conditions  been  so  satisfactory 
and  the  seasons  so  well  adapted  for  the  raising  of  small  grain,  grasses 
and  corn. 

Corn — The  crop  of  corn  this  year  was  unusually  good.  Some  of  the 
corn  that  was  late  on  account  of  a  backward  spring  was  damaged  by 
frost,  but  corn  that  was  properly  taken  care  of  and  good  seed  used  in 
the  planting  was  far  above  the  average  yield. 

Oats — The  oat  crop  is  the  best  that  has  been  raised  in  years.  The 
stand  heavy  and  an  exceptionally  good  quality. 

Wheat — Good,    particularly   winter   wheat. 

Rye — Acreage  is  so  small  that  it  is  impossible  to  get  any  definite 
knowledge  in  regard  to  same. 

Barley — A  good  crop  in  every  particular.  Quality  and  stand  ex- 
cellent. 

Flax — Very   little   flax   but  of   good   quality   and   yield. 

BucTcioheat — No  buckwheat. 

Millet — Small  acreage  but  an  unusually  large  yield. 

Sorghum — Very  little  grown. 

Timothy — Uncommonly  large  yield  and  of  an  exceptionally  good 
quality. 

Glover — The  clover  crop  was  heavy  and  good. 

Prairie  Hay — Practically  none  in  the  county. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Especially  good  this  year,  the  seasons  being 
ideal. 

Potatoes — Early  ones  were  a  little  under  the  average,  while  the  late 
ones  were  a  good  crop. 

Vegetables — Above  the  average. 

Apples — The  apple  crop  was  somewhat  affected  by  the  late  spring  but 
is  an  average  crop  in  this  county. 

Other  Fruits — The  fruit  crop  was  about  the  average  and  of  a  good 
quality. 

Cattle — Exceptionally  fine  condition  and  feeding  has  been  a  profitable 
occupation  owing  to  the  extraordinary  condition  of  the  pastures,  and  the 
high  price  of  beef  cattle. 

Horses — High  priced  and  there  always  is  a  demand  for  good  work 
horses. 

Svyine — This  industry  has  been  profitable  in  this  county,  owing  to  the 
high  price  of  pork  and  the  good  quality  of  feed.      There  is,  however, 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XIV  961 

a  cholera  epidemic  in  some  localities  that  is  very  bad.  I  am  informed 
that  where  cholera  has  shown  itself  it  has  been  very  disastrous  an(^ 
fatal. 

Sheep — The  sheep  have  done  very  well  last  season.  The  industry  I 
think  is  increasing,  and  many  of  the  farmers  are  breeding  up  their 
flocks  and  there  is  an  unusual  demand  for  good  sheep. 

Poulti-y — Is  high  priced  and  poultry  raisers  report  that  the  year  has 
not  been  up  to  the  average  as  there  were  very  few  early  chickens  owing 
to  the  cold  disagreeable  weather  during  the  incubator  season. 

Bees — The  honey  crop  this  year  was  not  up  to  the  average  on  account 
of  the  damage  done  to  bees  by  the  cold  winter  and  very  late  spring. 

Drainage — Nearly  all  of  the  low  land  is  properly  drained.  Nearly 
every  farmer  has  had  more  or  less  tile  laid  where  it  is  needed. 

Other  Industries — A  prosperous  year.  There  is  much  manufacturing 
carried  on  in  Woodbury  County  and  all  factories  have  been  run  to  their 
full  capacity. 

Lands — Farm  lands  range  in  price  from  $150  to  $250  per  acre.  There 
is  always  a  demand  for  farm  land  here.  The  farm  land  in  this  county 
has  been  well  farmed  and  is  above  the  average  in  fertility  and  location. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  during  the  week  of  September  16th.  The  weather 
conditions  were  as  bad  as  they  could  be  without  rain  and  snow  during 
the  entire  time.  Under  the  circumstances,  however,  it  was  the  general 
opinion  that  we  had  an  unusually  good  fair.  The  exhibits  were  of  a  high 
class  and  the  attendance  much  better  than  t-ould  be  expected. 

WORTH. 

E.    H.    MIIXEB,    NOETHWOOD,   OCTOBER   25,    1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season—Crops  are  generally  good  and 
the  season  has  been  quite  favorable. 

Com — Corn  made  a  fine  growth  where  well  tended  but  the  late  corn  was 
badly  injured  by  the  frost. 

Oats — A  good  yield  and  are  of  good  quality  where  well  cared  for. 

Wheat — Fair  quality  and  yield  from  15  to  20  bushels  per  acre. 

Rye — Very  little  grown  here  but  it  yielded  well  where  sown  and  was 
of  good  variety. 

Barley — Yield  good  but  color  poor. 

Flax — A  good  crop  and  yielded  from  5  to  15  bushels  per  acre. 

Buckwheat — Fine  crop  but  not  much  sown. 

Millet — A  big  crop;  large  yield. 

Borghum — Not  much  grown  here. 

Timothy — A  very  good  crop  and  a  good  average  yield. 

Clover — A  fair  crop  and  the  1912  seeding  looks  fine. 

Prairie  Hay — Not  much  raised  but  what  we  have  was  good. 

Other  Grains  and  Grasses — A  little  alfalfa  in  some  localities  and  it  does 
very  well. 

Potatoes — A  good  crop  and  some  large  yields  are  reported. 

Vegetables — Very  good. 

Apples — A  very  few  home  grown  apples  this  year. 
61 


962  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Other   Fruits — All   small   fruits   were   fine. 

Cattle — Scarce  and  high. 

Horses — Very  few  changing  hands.      Good  horses  bring  good  prices. 

Swine — Plenty  of  hogs  on  hand  and  plenty  of  soft  corn  for  feed. 

Sheep — Very  few  flocks  in  this  county  but  they  are  of  good  quality. 

Poultry — This  industry  is  on  the  increase.  Many  are  keeping  fine 
flocks  of  blooded  poultry. 

Drainage — Quite  a  lot  being  done. 

Other  Industries — The  dairy  industry  is  being  pushed  and  we  have 
many  fine  creameries  in  this  county. 

Lands — Advancing  rapidly  in  value. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  16-18,  1912.  We  had  very  unfavorable 
weather  and  our  fair  was  not  a  success  financially.  It  rained  most  of 
the  time. 

WRIGHT. 

CHAS.  ROTZLER,  CLARION,  OCTOBER  14,  1912. 

General  Condition  of  Crops  and  Season — Good. 
Corn — Good. 
Oats — Good. 
Wheat— Good. 
Rye — Very  little  planted. 
Barley — Not  much      grown. 
Flax — I  know  of  none. 
Buckioheat — Not  much  raised. 
Millet— Good. 
Sorghutrv — None. 
Timothy — Good. 
Clover — Good. 
Prairie  Hay — Good. 
Other  Grains  and  Grasses — Good. 
Potatoes — Good. 
VegetaMes — Good. 
Apples — Poor. 
Other  Fruits — Fair. 
Cattle— Good. 
Horses — Good. 
Swine — Good. 
Sheep — Good. 
Poultry — Good. 
Bees — Good. 
Drainage — Improving. 

Other  Industries — In  a  thriving  condition. 
Lands — Increasing  in  value  every  day. 

Report  of  Fair — Held  September  3-6.  The  fair  now  has  bright  pros- 
pects for  a  successful  future  with  the  right  kind  of  management. 


PART  XV 


Directory  of  Associations  and  Organizations 

Representing  Agricultural  Interests 

in  Iowa 


Iowa  Department  of  Agriculture — President,  C.  E.  Cameron,  Alta;  Vice- 
President,  O.  A.  Olson,  Forest  City;  Secretary,  A.  R.  Corey,  Des  Moines; 
Treasurer,  G.   S,  Giibertson,  Des  Moines. 

Iowa  State  Horticultural  Society — President,  M.  J.  Graham,  Adel;  Vice- 
President,  F.  P.  Spencer,  Randolph;  Secretary  and  Librarian,  Wesley 
Greene,   Davenport;    Treasurer,  F.   O.   Harrington,   Williamsburg. 

Iowa  Park  and  Forestry  Association — President,  Eugene  Secor,  Forest 
City;  Vice-President,  M.  J.  Wragg,  Des  Moines;  Secretary,  Wesley  Greene, 
Des  Moines;    Treasurer,  A.  T.  Erwin,  Ames. 

Society  of  loioa  Florists — President,  Wm.  Trillow,  Des  Moines;  Vice- 
President,  F.  J.  Olsan,  Ames;   Secretary,  Wesley  Greene,  Des  Moines. 

Western  Grain  Dealers'  Association — President,  E.  A.  Fields,  Sioux  City; 
Vice-President,  E.  R.  Ericson,  Story  City;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Geo. 
A.  Wells,  Des  Moines. 

Iowa  Corn  Growers'  Association — President,  F.  H.  Klopping,  Neola;  Vice- 
President,  J.  W.  Coverdale,  Ames;  Secretary,  H.  L.  Eichling,  Ames;  Treas- 
urer, Ray  Bennett,  Ames. 

Corn  Belt  Meat  Producers'  Association — President,  A.  Sykes,  Des  Moines; 
Vice-President,  R.  M.  Gunn,  Buckingham;  Secretary,  H.  C.  Wallace,  Des 
Moines;   Treasurer,  Charles  Goodenow,  Wall  Lake. 

loiva  Beef  Producers'  Association — President,  Chas.  Escher,  Jr.,  Botna; 
Secretary,  Geo.  H.  Burge,  Mount  Vernon;  Treasurer,  C.  H.  Hechtner,  Char- 
lton;  Membership  Secretary,  A.  R.  Leffler,  Bentonsport. 

Iowa  State  Highway  Commission — Directors,  A.  L.  Marston,  Ames;  C. 
F.  Curtiss,  Ames;  Highway  Engineer,  Thomas  H.  Mac  Donald,  Ames;  As- 
sistant Engineers,  C.  B.  McCullough,  Ames;  F.  R,  White,  Ames;  J.  H. 
Ames,  Ames;  Consulting  Bridge  Engineer,  J.  E.  Kirkman,  Ames;  Secre- 
tary, Annie  Laurie  Bowen,  Ames;  Stenographer,  Merle  Crabtree,  Ames. 

The  Farmers  Grain  Dealers'  Association  of  Iowa — President,  B.  Hath- 
away, Kingsley;  Vice-President,  J.  W.  Hagans,  Barnum;  Secretary,  Roy 
H.  McVicker,  Eagle  Grove;  Treasurer,  D.  D,  Paine,  Eagle  Grove. 


964  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

loicn  Sivine  Breeders'  Association — President,  J.  H.  Watson,  Madrid; 
Vice-President,  B.  F.  Davidson,  Menlo;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  M.  P. 
Hancher,  Rolfe,  Iowa. 

Iowa  State  Dairy  Association — President,  W.  B.  Quarton,  Algona;  Vice- 
President,  George  Kolthoff,  Britt;  Secretary,  J.  J.  Ross,  Iowa  Falls;  Treas- 
urer, E.  T.  Sadler,  Waterloo. 

Iowa  Draft  Horse  Breeders'  Association — President,  G.  W.  Grigsby,  Mad- 
rid; Vice-President,  C.  B.  Dannen,  Melbourne;  Secretary,  Howard  Vaughn, 
Marion;   Treasurer,  Martin  Nelson,  Cambridge. 

The  Iowa  Shorthorn  Breeders"  Association — President,  Wm,  Herkleman, 
Elwood;  Vice-President,  J.  A.  Benson,  Sheldon;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
B.  B.  Thomas,  Audubon. 

Iowa  Bee  Keepers'  Association — President,  Prank  C.  Pellett,  Atlantic; 
Vice-President,  J.  W.  Stine,  Salem;  Secretary,  S.  W.  Snyder,  Center  Point; 
Treasurer,  C.  H.  True,  Edgewood. 

Iowa  State  Poultry  Association — President,  E.  L.  Beck,  Des  Moines; 
Vice-Presidents,  Carl  Dare,  Osceola;  A.  Haskins,  Jesup;  Mart  Rahn,  Clar- 
inda;  M.  W.  Baldwin,  Sioux  City;  W.  D.  Fleming,  Sioux  City;  T.  H.  Hall, 
Des  Moines;  Secretary,  C.  A.  Kenworthy,  Des  Moines;  Treasurer,  W.  L, 
Hall,  Sioux  City. 


FARMERS'   COUNTY  INSTITUTES  AND   SHORT  COURSES   IN  IOWA, 

Adair — President,  D.  J.  Cowden,  Adair;  Secretary,  J.  E.  Turner,  Adair. 

Adams — President,  Geo.  E.  Bliss,  Corning;  Secretary,  A.  B.  Lewis, 
Corning. 

Allamakee — President,  Charles  Childe,  Waukon;  Secretary,  A.  G.  Mein. 
ers,  Waukon. 

Appanoose — President,  E.  M.  Bishop,  C'enterville;  Secretary,  J.  H.  Wil^ 
lett,  Centerville. 

Appanoose — President,  Craig  Daniels,  Moulton;  Secretary,  Jno.  W.  Wood. 
Moulton. 

Appanoose — President,  C.  E.  Winsler,  Moravia;  Secretary,  C.  E.  Nivkirk, 
Moravia. 

Appanoose — President,  L.  B.  Monroe,  Exline;  Secretary,  E.  J.  Beard,. 
Exline. 

Benton — President,  A.  J.  Koch,  Keystone;  Secretary,  J.  H.  Rozema,  Key- 
stone. 

Benton — President,  T.  H.  Weil,  Blairstown;  Secretary,  H.  J.  Grunewald, 
Blairstown. 

Benton — President,  J.  E.  McMillan,  Vinton;  Secretary,  Chas.  L.  Will, 
Vinton. 

Black  Haick — President,  R.  M.  Gunn,  Buckingham;  Secretary,  E.  E. 
Stokes,  Waterloo. 

Black  Hawk — President,  E.  J.  Buchan,  La  Porte  City;  Secretary,  E.  S. 
Genung,  La  Porte  City. 

Boone — President,  M.  J.  Kenison,  Madrid;  Secretary,  C.  H-  Eeckgeen, 
Madrid, 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XV  965 

Boone — President,  F.  A.  Roll,  Boxholm;  Secretary,  M.  J.  Lundvall,  Box- 
holm. 

Bremer — President,  J.  W.  Bennett,  Janesville;  Secretary,  Ed.  Barrick, 
Janesville. 

Buchanan — President,  J.  E.  Brame,  Independence;  Secretary,  John  Orr, 
Rowley. 

Buena  Vista — President,  Algi  Odoe,  Rembrandt;  Secretary,  Conrad  Pet- 
erson, Rembrandt. 

Buena  Vista — President,  Geo.  M.  Allee.  Newell;  Secretary,  James  Jensen, 
Newell. 

Butler — President,  W.  H,  Mason,  Shell  Rock;  Secretary,  Leo  G.  Dewey, 
Shell  Rock. 

Calhoun — President,  Geo.  A.  Ridge,.  Rockwell  City;  Secretary,  A,  W. 
Eshhaugh,  Rockwell  City. 

Carroll — President,  A.  G.  Mereness,  Glidden;  Secretary,  J.  F.  Snyder, 
Glidden. 

Cass — President,  J.  A.  Nelson,  Atlantic;  Secretary,  M.  B.  Nelson,  Atlantic. 

Cedar — President,  I.  D.  Pawnall,  West  Branch;  Secretary,  Irwin  Erb, 
Centerdale. 

Cerro  Gordo — President,  J.  H.  Carr,  Swaledale;  Secretary,  R.  A.  Holman, 
Rockwell. 

Cherokee — President,  Oscar  E.  Heline,  Marcus;  Secretary,  Lloyd  W. 
Johns,  Marcus. 

Chei'okee — President,  Wm,  Keck,  Washta;  Secretary,  Joe  Chapman,  Cor- 
rectionville. 

Chickasaw — President,  Fred  Babcock,  New  Hampton;  Secretary,  John 
Heit,  New  Hampton. 

Clarke — President,  W.  H.  Dewey,  Murray;  Secretary,  J.  E.  Ogden,  Mur- 
ray. 

Clay — President,  F.  M.  Smith,  Royal;  Secretary,  C.  L.  Christensen,  Royal. 

Clayton — President,  H.  A.  Axtell,  Strawberry  Point;  Secretary,  George 
Sauerbry,  Strawberry  Point. 

Clinton — President,  D.  L.  Pascal,  DeWitt;  Secretary,  John  Olson, 
Calamus. 

Crawford — President,  Jas.  T.  Byrnes,  Denison;  Secretary,  W.  C.  Rollins, 
Denison. 

Dallas — President,  Geo.  M.  Fox,  Dallas  Center;  Secretary,  Don.  E.  Fish, 
Adel. 

Davis — President,  V.  G.  Warner,  Bloomfield;  Secretary,  Will  C.  Horn, 
Bloomfield. 

Davis — President,  E.  J.  Augspurger,  Pulaski;  Secretary,  J,  W.  Wray, 
Pulaski. 

Decatur — President,  A.  E.  Cotterill,  Leon;   Secretary,  J.  W.  Long,  Leon. 

Delaware — President,  F.  H.  Munson,  Manchester;  Secretary,  J.  F.  Merry, 
Manchester. 

Des  Moines — President,  Willis  I.  Mathews,  Danville;  Secretary,  S.  H. 
Sater,  Danville. 

Dickinson — President,  Fred  La  Doux,  Spirit  Lake;  Secretary,  C.  H. 
Arthur,  Spirit  Lake. 


966  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Duhuque — President,  Joseph  H.  Dehner,  Cascade;  Secretary,  W.  A.  Fair- 
burn,  Cascade. 

Emm  ft — President.  J.  G.  McDonald,  Estherville;  Secretary,  John  Utz, 
Estherville. 

Fayette — President,  James  Scallan,  Waucoma;  Secretary,  Errol  Finch, 
Waucoma. 

Floyd — President,  V/.  E.  Gaylord,  Nora  Springs;  Secretary,  if  B.  Swart- 
wood,  Nora  Springs. 

Fremont — President,  W.  W.  Ettleman,  Sidney;  Secretary,  H.  J.  Ross, 
Farragut. 

Greeve — President.  J.  B.  Patrick,  Dana;  Secretary,  J.  H.  Hughes,  Grand 
Junction. 

Grundy — President,  Louis  Albert,  Reinheck;  Secretary,  Gustav  Treimer, 
Reinbeck. 

Guthrie — President,  John  Guy,  Guthrie  Center;  Secretary,  O.  W.  Sim- 
mons, Guthrie  Center. 

HamJlton — President,  J.  C.  Ritchie,  Stratford;  Secretary,  H.  H.  Waller, 
Stratford. 

Haneock — President,  Fred  Zuehl,  Britt;   Secretary,  Tom  Peterson,  Britt. 

Hardin — President,  J.  M.  Hunt,  Ackley;  Secretary,  Rieko  Snater,  Ackley. 

Harrison — President,  R.  W.  Lewis,  Woodbine;  Secretary,  Catherine 
Lotspiech,  Woodbine. 

Henry — President,  C.  T  Forbes,  Mt.  Pleasant;  Secretary,  L.  C.  Willits, 
Mt.  Pleasant. 

Howard — President,  B.  P.  Norton,  Cresco;  Secretary,  Charles  Nichols, 
Cresco. 

HumtoJdt — President,  M.  D.  Wollcott,  Humboldt;  Secretary,  C.  A.  Nord- 
strom, Humboldt. 

Ida — President,  W.  W.  McKay,  Ida  Grove;  Secretary,  Leonard  Smith, 
Ida  Grove. 

Iowa — President,  J.  H.  Burgy,  South  Amana;  Secretary,  Jas.  Nicholas, 
Williamsburg. 

Iowa — President,  Hy  Gode,  Marengo;  Secretary,  F.  H.  Karstin,  Marengo. 

Jackson — President,  Geo.  W.  Blake,  Maquoketa;  Secretary,  L.  L.  Little- 
field,  Bellevue. 

Jasper — President,  Wm.  A.  Johnson,  Prairie  City;  Secretary,  W.  G. 
Cooper,  Prairie  City. 

Jefferson — President,  W.  A.  Hook,  Packwood;  Secretary,  Birnie  Coleson, 
Fairfield. 

Johnson — President,  E.  F.  Davis,  Iowa  City;  Secretary,  R.  P.  Adams, 
Solon. 

Keokuk — ^President,  Frank  S.  Yerger,  Sigourney;  Secretary,  W.  E.  Utter- 
back,  Sigourney. 

Kossuth — President,  Wm.  Korrect,  Armstrong;  Secretary,  C.  M.  Christen- 
sen,  Armstrong. 

Lee — President,  Jas.  Carver,  Farmington;  Secretary,  E.  C.  Lynn,  Don- 
nellson. 

Livn — President,  T.  W.  Moody,  Walker;  Secretary,  T.  W.  Johnson, 
Walker. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XV  ml 

Linn — President,  W.  W.  Vaughn,  Marion;  Secretary,  R,  M.  Fitzgerald, 
Marion. 

Louisa — President,  Wm.  Rodgers,  Wapello;  Secretary,  J.  D.  Diehl, 
Wapello. 

Lucas — President,  J.  L.  Washburn,  Derby;  Secretary,  DeWitt  White, 
Derby. 

Lucas — President,  A.  E.  Reals,  Russell;  Secretary,  J.  L.  Hamilton,  Derby. 

Lyon — President,  L.  M.  Foote,  Inwood;  Secretary,  F.  B.  Hanson,  Inwood. 

Madison — President,  W.  D.  Patterson,  Winterset;  Secretary,  H.  G.  Tilton, 
Barney. 

Mahaska — President,  W.  G.  Rice,  Oskaloosa;  Secretary,  Hassal  A.  Hedge, 
Oskaloosa. 

Marion — President,  D.  W.  Wood,  Knoxville;  Secretary,  C.  T.  Israel, 
Knoxville, 

Marshall — President,  C.  E.  Arney,  Albion;  Secretary,  Austin  Wiley, 
Albion. 

Mills — President,  T.  A.  Hougas,  Macedonia;  Secretary,  Dallas  N.  McGrew, 
Emerson. 

Mitchell — President,  R.  J.  Fish,  Osage;  Secretary,  H.  J.  Dickinson,  Osage. 

Monona — President,  R.  A.  Robbins,  Castana;  Secretary,  J.  E.  McNamara, 
Castana. 

Monroe — President,  John  Forster,  Albia;   Secretary,  B.  S.  Cash,  Albia. 

Montgomery — President,  J.  A.  Olander,  Stanton;  Secretary,  E.  M.  Cop- 
page,  Stanton. 

Muscatine — President,  C.  H.  Barnes,  West  Liberty;  Secretary,  E.  C. 
Neinaber,  Wilton  Junction. 

O'Brien — President,  Geo.  J.  Smith,  Paullina;  Secretary,  Geo.  Thompson, 
Paullina. 

Page — President,  Arthur  Falk,  Clarinda;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Sarah  Huftalen, 
Clarinda. 

Palo  Alto — President,  I.  F.  Noble,  Graettinger;  Secretary,  E.  S.  George 
Graettinger. 

Palo  Alto — President,  Ralph  King,  Emmetsburg;  Secretary,  Geo.  C. 
Smith,  Osgood. 

Plymouth — President,  B.  Hathaway,  Kingsley;  Secretary,  R.  B.  Twogood, 
Kingsley. 

Plymouth — President,  W.  J.  Long,  LeMars;  Secretary,  Jacob  G.  Koenig, 
LeMars. 

Pocahontas — President,  C.  L,  Gunderson,  Rolfe;  Secretary,  Chas.  John- 
son, Laurens. 

Pocahontas — President,  S.  W.  McKinney,  Fonda;  Secretary,  A.  B.  P. 
Wood,  Fonda. 

Polk — President,  Chas.  Bishop,  Altoona;  Secretary,  Geo.  Grinstead, 
Mitchellville. 

Poweshiek — President,  W.  N.  Morgan,  Guernsey;  Secretary,  F.  B.  Mal- 
colm, Deep  River.  R.  F.  D    No.  1. 

Ringgold) — President,  J.  A.  Bliss,  Diagonal;  Secretary,  Grant  Stahl, 
Diagonal. 

Sac — President,  John  Fuchs,  Odebolt;   Secretary,  W.  M.  Sayre,  Oebolt. 


968  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Scott — President,  L.  A.  Schnehloth,  Eldredge;  Secretary,  Adolpli  P.  Arp, 
Eldridge. 

Scott — President,  Joseph  Graham,  Princeton;  Secretary,  Henry  Schlot- 
feldt,  McCausland. 

Shelly — President,  Frank  D.  Nelson,  Harlan;  Secretary,  J.  C.  Gingery, 
Harlan. 

Sioux — President,  G.  J.  Shoemaker,  Hawarden;  Secretary,  G.  L.  Venard, 
Hawarden. 

Story — ^President,  J.  H.  Cleverly,  Maxwell;  Secretary,  W.  J.  Hartimg, 
Maxwell. 

Story — President,  W.  H.  Handsaker,  Nevada;  Secretary,  Ray  F.  Bennett, 
Ames. 

Tama — President,  Ward  Wilson,  Traer;  Secretary,  R.  G.  Stoakes,  Traer. 

Taylor — President,  F.  E.  Wakeman,  Bedford;  Secretary,  D.  C.  Mohler, 
Bedford. 

Union — President,  A.  J.  Leninger,  Afton;  Secretary,  L.  J.  Nickle,  Afton. 

Yan  Bur  en — President,  Geo.  V.  Leffler,  Stockport;  Secretary,  A.  G.  Rob- 
erts, Bonaparte. 

Wapello — President,  David  Jay,  Blakeshurg;  Secretary,  Madison  Warder, 
Agency. 

'Wapello — President,  W.  B.  Morrison,  Eldon;  Secretary,  J.  E.  Varnum, 
Eldon. 

Warren — President,  J.  F.  Henry,  Indianola;  Secretary,  Silas  Igo, 
Indianola. 

Warren — President,  C.  B.  Kern,  Norwalk;  Secretary,  W.  R.  Thomas. 
Norwalk. 

Washington — President,  Geo.  Reed,  Washington;  Secretary,  C.  E.  Deuel, 
Washington. 

Wayne — President,  J.  C.  Snodgrass,  Allerton;  Secretary,  R.  C.  Yohe, 
Allerton. 

Wel)Ster — President,  Aaron  Peterson,  Lanyon;  Secretary,  Van  Gabriel- 
son,  Harcourt. 

Winnebago — President,  John  Carson,  Forest  City;  Secretary,  Jas.  B. 
Anderson,  Forest  City. 

Winneshiek — President,  J.  H.  McMillen,  Mabel,  Minn.,  R.  No.  3;  Secre- 
tary, 0.  L.  Street,  Hesper. 

Woodbury — President,  H.  E.  Brown,  Salix;  Secretary,  Charles  Carr, 
Salix. 

Woodbury — President,  E.  B.  Carter,  Sergeants  Bluffs;  Secretary,  F.  C. 
Colby,  Sergeants  Bluffs. 

Worth — President,  E.  H.  Miller,  Northwood;  Secretary,  Lewis  G.  Mel- 
lem,  Northwood. 

Wright — President,  M.  L.  Howell,  Clarion;  Secretary,  H.  F.  Luick,  Bel- 
mond. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK-PART  XV  969 


COUNTY    AND    DISTRICT    AGRICULTURAL    SOCIETIES    AND    FAIR 
ASSOCIATIONS  IN  IOWA. 

Adams — Adams  County  Agricultural  Society,  Corning;  President,  S.  M, 
Richey,  Corning;  Secretary,  Geo.  E.  Bliss,  Corning. 

Allamakee — Allamakee  County  Agricultural  Society,  Waukon;  President, 
B.  O.  Svvebakken,  Waukon;   Secretary,  Geo.  S.  Hall,  Waukon. 

Avdubo7i — Audubon  County  Agricultural  Society,  Audubon;  President, 
J.  H.  Maharg,  Audubon;  Secretary,  H.  A.  Nortliup,  Audubon. 

Benton — Benton  County  Agricultural  Society,  Vinton;  President,  W.  S. 
Bassett,  Vinton;  Secretary,  Sol  White,  Vinton. 

Boone — Boone  County  Agricultural  Society,  Ogden;  President,  A.  B. 
Morgan,  Ogden;   Secretary,  W.  C.  Treloar,  Ogden. 

Boone — Boone  Driving  Park  &  Fair  Association,  Boone;  President,  A.  M. 
Burnside,  Boone;    Secretary,  John  S.  Crooks,  Boone. 

Bremer — Bremer  County  Fair  Association,  Waverly;  President,  E.  M. 
Reeves,  Waverly;  Secretary,  J.  Q.  Lauer,  Waverly. 

Buchanan — Buchanan  County  Fair  Association,  Independence;  Presi- 
dent, R.  G.  Swan,  Independence;  Secretary,  J.  S.  Bassett,  Independence. 

Buena  Vista — Buena  Vista  County  Agricultural  Society,  Alta;  President, 
David  Burns,  Alta;  Secretary,  W.  J.  Sievers,  Alta. 

Butler — Butler  County  Agricultural  and  Horticultural  Society,  Allison; 
President,  Frank  Fishel,  Allison;   Secretary,  0.  F.  Missman,  Allison. 

Calhoun — Calhoun  County  Fair  Assoiciation,  Manson;  President,  J.  C. 
Hoag,  Manson;   Secretary,  C.  G.  Kaskey,  Manson. 

Calhoun — Rockwell  City  Fair  Association,  Rockwell  City;  President, 
Andrew  Stewart,  Rockwell  City;  Secretary,  W.  Q.  Stewart,  Rockwell  City. 

Carroll — Carroll  County  Fair  and  Driving  Park  Association,  Carroll; 
President,  A.   Kessler,  Carroll;    Secretary,  Peter   Stephany,   Carroll. 

Cass-^Cass  County  Fair  Association,  Atlantic;  President,  C.  Prall,  At- 
lantic;  Secretary,  John  J.  Curry,  Atlantic. 

Cass — ^Massena  District  Fair  Association,  Massena;  President,  S.  D. 
Wyckoff,  Massena;   Secretary,  D.  P.  Hogan,  Massena. 

Cedar — Cedar  County  Fair  Association,  Tipton;  President,  Scott  Hamil- 
ton, Stan  wood;   Secretary,  C.  F.  Simmermaker,  Tipton. 

Cerro  Gordo — North  Iowa  Fair,  Mason  City;  President,  Chas.  H.  Ham- 
street,  Clear  Lake;   Secretary,  Chas.  H.  Barber,  Mason  City. 

Ghickasaiv — Chickasaw  County  Fair,  New  Hampton;  President,  P.  H. 
Brannon,  New  Hampton;   Secretary,  F.  D.  Griffin,  New  Hampton. 

Chickasaw — Big  Four  Agricultural  Society,  Nashua;  President,  W.  A. 
Granger,  Nashua;   Secretary,  C.  L.  Putney,  Nashua. 

Clayton — Elkader  Fair  and  Track  Association,  Elkader;  President,  E.  C. 
Ehrhardt,  Elkader;    Secretary,  Max  B.  Bishop,  Elkader. 

Clayton — Clayton  County  Agricultural  Society,  National;  President,  John 
Matt,  St.  Olaf;    Secretary,  Henry  Luehsen,  Garnavillo. 

Clayton — Strawberry  Point  District  Fair,  Strawberry  Point;  President, 
H.  A.  Axtell,  Strawberry  Point;  Secretary,  R.  W.  Schug,  Strawberry  Point. 

Clinton — Clinton  County  Agricultural  Society,  DeWitt;  President,  G.  M. 
Smith,  DeW^itt;  Secretary,  G.  H.  Christensen,  DeWitt. 


970  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Crawford — Crawford  County  Agricultural  Society,  Arion;  President,  Wm. 
Eggers,  Arion;   Secretary,  O.  M.  Criswell,  Arion. 

Davis — Davis  Agricultural  Society,  Bloomfield;  President,  E.  D.  Martin, 
Bloomfield;   Secretary,  J.  O.  Wishard,  Bloomfield. 

Delaware — Delaware  County  Agricultural  Society,  Manchester;  Presi^ 
dent,  Thos.  Moonan,  Manchester;    Secretary,  J.  G.  Sabin,  Manchester. 

Dickinson- -Dickinson  County  Agricultural  Society,  Spirit  Lake;  Presi- 
dent, L.  E.  Francis,  Spirit  Lake;  Secretary,  A.  M.  Johnson,  Jr.,  Spirit  Lake. 

Fayette — Fayette  County  Agricultural  Society,  West  Union;  President, 
J.  S.  Smith,  Wpst  Union;  Secretary,  E.  A.  Mcllree,  West  Union. 

Franklin — Franklin  County  Agricultural  Society,  Hampton;  President, 
F.  Nancolas,  Hampton;    Secretary,  C.  D.  Williams,  Hampton. 

Greene — Greene  County  Fair  Association,  Jefferson;  President,  E.  C. 
p'reeman,  Jefferson;   Secretary,  S.  C.  Culbertson,  Jefferson. 

Grundy — Grundy  County  Agricultural  Society,  Grundy  Center;  Presi- 
dent, Robt.  Plazer,  Grundy  Center;  Secretary,  E.  V.  McBroom,  Grundy 
Center. 

Guthrie — Guthrie  County  Agricultural  Society,  Guthrie  Center;  Presi- 
dent, B.  F.  Davidson,  Menlo;   Secretary,  Wm.  Edwards,  Guthrie  Center. 

Hardin — Hardin  County  Agricultural  Society,  Eldora;  President,  J.  H. 
Hadley,  Eldora;  Secretary,  Geo.  W.  Haynes,  Eldora. 

Harrison — Harrison  County  Agricultural  Society,  Missouri  Valley;  Pres- 
ident, J.  E.  Jones,  INTissouri  Valley;  Secretary,  A.  B.  Hasbrook,  Missouri 
Valley. 

Henry — Henry  County  Agricultural  Association,  Mt.  Pleasant;  President, 
John  W.  Palm,  Mt.  Pleasant;    Secretary,  C.  H.  Tribby,  Mt.  Pleasant. 

Henry — Winfield  Fair  Association,  Winfield;  President,  Chas.  Darken, 
Winfield;   Secretary,  Jno.  A.  Baxter,  Winfield. 

Humboldt — Humboldt  County  Agricultural  Society,  Humboldt;  Presi- 
dent, A.  M.  Adams,  Humboldt;  Secretary,  O.  H.  DeGroote,  Humboldt. 

Iowa — ^Victor  District  Agricultural  Society,  Victor;  President,  Chas 
Raffensperger.  Victor;   Secretary,  J.  P.  Bowling,  Victor. 

Iowa — Williamsburg  Pavilion  and  Fair  Company,  Williamsburg;  Presi- 
dent, Jas.  Nicholas,  Williamsburg;  Secretary,  J.  A.  Ogle,  Williamsburg. 

loiva — Iowa  County  Agricultural  Society,  Marengo;  President,  J.  A.  Wad- 
dell,  Marengo;   Secretary,  F.  H.  Karsten,  Marengo. 

Jackson — Jackson  County  Fair  Association,  Maquoketa;  President,  A.  L. 
Broxam,  Maquoketa;   Secretary,  W.  D.  McCaffrey,  Maquoketa. 

Jasper — Jasper  County  Agricultural  Society,  Newton;  President,  C.  F. 
Sauerman,  Newton;   Secretary,  F.  E.  Meredith,  Newton.    . 

Jefferson — Jefferson  County  Agricultural  Society,  Fairfield;  President, 
Sanford  Zeigler,  Fairfield;   Secretary,  A.  E.  Labagh,  Fairfield. 

Johnson — Johnson  County  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Society,  Iowa 
City;  President,  L.  P.  Kessler,  Iowa  City;  Secretary,  George  A.  Hitchcock, 
Iowa  City. 

Jones — Anamosa  Fair  Association,  Anamosa;  President,  W.  D.  Sheean, 
Anamosa;   Secretary,  L.  W.  Russell,  Anamosa. 

Jones — Jones  County  Agricultural  Society,  Monticello;  President,  E.  G. 
Hicks,  Monticello;   Secretary,  0.  J.  Bucklin,  Monticello. 


THIRTEENTH  ANNUAL  YEAR  BOOK— PART  XV  971 

Keokuk — What  Cheer  District  Fair  Association,  What  Cheer;  President, 
J.  M.  Stephenson,  Wliat  Cheer;  Secretary,  Geo.  A.  Poff,  What  Cheer. 

Kossuth — Kossuth  County  Agricultural  Association,  Algona;  President, 
E.   A.   Wolcott,   Algona:    Secretary,   T.   H.   Wadsworth,  Algona. 

Lcc — West  Point  District  Agricultural  Society,  West  Point;  President, 
John  Shepherd,  West  Point;  Secretary,  John  Walljasper,  West  Point. 

Lee — l^e  County  Fair  and  Agricultural  Society,  Donnellson;  President, 
R.  Klingler,  Donnellson;  Secretary,  Chris  Haffner,  Donnellson. 

Linn — Wapsie  Valley  Fair  Society,  Central  City;  President,  E.  E.  Hen- 
derson, Central  City;  Secretary,  H.  F.  Lockwood,  Central  City. 

Linn — Marion  Inter-State  Fair  Society,  Marion;  President,  J.  A.  Cooper, 
Marion;    Secretary,   Gene  Fagen,   Marion. 

Louisa — Columbus  Junction  District  Fair  Association,  Columbus  Junc- 
tion; President,  Wm.  Sink,  Columbus  Junction;  Secretary,  D.  N.  Johnson, 
Columbus  Junction. 

LyoJi — Lyon  County  Fair  and  Agricultural  Society,  Rock  Rapids;  Presi- 
dent, W.  S.  Cooper,  Rock  Rapids;   Secretary,  A.  S.  Wold,  Rock  Rapids. 

Mahaska — New  Sharon  District  Agricultural  Society,  New  Sharon;  Pres- 
ident, Sidney  Harper,  New  Sharon;  Secretary,  C.  T.  Momyer,  New  Sharon. 

Marion — The  Lake  Prairie  District  Agricultural  Society,  Pella;  Presi- 
dent, A.  W.  DeBruyn,  Pella;    Secretary,  Chas.  Porter,  Pella. 

Marshall — Eden  District  Agricultural  Society,  Rhodes;  President,  C.  J, 
Buck,  Rhodes;   Secretary,  H.  M.  Weeks,  Rhodes. 

Marshall — Marshall  County  Fair  Association,  Marshalltown;  President, 
Warren  Nichols,  Minerva;   Secretary,  W.  M.  Clark,  Marshalltown. 

Mills — Mills  County  Agricultural  Society,  Malvern;  President,  Sherman 
Jones,  Malvern;   Secretary,  I.  J.  Swain,  Malvern. 

Mitchell — Mitchell  County  Agricultural  Society,  Osage;  President,  Byron 
Leighton,  Osage;   Secretary,  Carl  H.  Spaanum,  Osage. 

Monona — Monona  County  Fair  Association,  Onawa;  President,  J.  M. 
Hathaway,   Turin;    Secretary,   I.   A.   Blotsky,   Onawa. 

Mo7iroe — Monroe  County  Fair  Association,  Albia;  President,  Alf  Tim- 
mins,  Albia;    Secretary,  Loren  Perrin,  Albia. 

Muscatine — Union  District  Agricultural  Society,  West  Liberty;  Presi- 
dent, C.  P.  Gibson,  West  Liberty;  Secretary,  W.  H.  Shipman,  West  Liberty. 

Muscatine — The  Wilton  Fair,  Wilton  Junction;  President,  C.  C.  Kauf- 
man, Wilton  Junction;   Secretary,  W.  A,  Cooling,  Wilton  Junction. 

O'Brien — Sheldon  Fair  Association,  Sheldon;  President,  Fred  J.  Nelson, 
Sheldon;    Secretary,  Geo.  Gardner,   Sheldon. 

O'Brien — O'Brien  County  Agricultural  Society,  Sutherland;  President, 
Chas.  Youde,  Sutherland;   Secretary,  E.  J.  Claussen,  Sutherland. 

Page — Shenandoah  Fair  Association,  Shenandoah;  President,  Chas.  Aid- 
rich,  Shenandoah;    Secretary,  A.  W.  Goldberg,   Shenandoah. 

Page — Clarinda  Fair  Association,  Clarinda;  President,  E.  G.  Strong, 
Clarinda;    Secretary,  J.  C.  Beckner,  Clarinda. 

Pocahontas — Big  Four  District  Fair,  Fonda;  President,  C.  C.  Patty, 
Fonda;   Secretary,  E.  A.  Elliott,  Fonda. 

Pottawattamie — Pottawattamie  County  Fair  Association,  Avoca;  Presi- 
dent, D.  Gross,  Avoca;    Secretary,  Caleb  Smith,  Avoca. 


972  IOWA  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Potveshiek — Poweshiek   County   Central   Agricultural    Society,   Malcom; 
President,  Wm.  McClure,  Malcom;   Secretary,  James  Nowak,.  Malcom. 

PoioecJiiek — Poweshiek  County  Central  Agricultural   Society,   Grinnell; 
President,  J.  A.  Baughan,  Grinnell;    Secretary,  J.  T.  Cessna,  Grinnell. 

Sac — Sac  County  Pair  Association,   Sac  City;    President,   Theo.   Huser, 
Sac  City;   Asst.  Secretary,  Gus.  Strohmeier,  Sac  City. 

Shelby — Shelby  County  Agricultural  Society,  Harlan;   President,  Jos.  F. 
Beh,   Harlan;    Secretary,   M.   G.  Kraschel,   Harlan. 

Sioux — Sioux  County  Agricultural  Society,  Orange  City;  President,  Jno. 
J.  De  Vries,  Orange  City;   Secretary,  H.  Slikkerveer,  Orange  City. 

Stori/ — Central  Iowa  Fair  Association,  Ames;    President,  C.  L.  Siverly, 
Ames;    Secretary,  E.  H.   Graves,  Ames. 

Tmna — Tama  County  Fair  Association,  Toledo;  President,  W.  N.  Town- 
send,  Traer;  Secretary,  A.  G.  Smith,  Toledo. 

Taylor — Taylor  County  Fair  Society,  Bedford;  President,  John  J.  Clark, 
Bedford;    Secretary,  C.  N.  Nelson,  Bedford. 

Van    Buren — Milton    District   Agricultural    Society,    Milton;    President, 
H.  C.  Power,  Milton;   Secretary,  D.  A.  Miller,  Milton. 

Wapello — Eldon  Big  Four  District  Agricultural   Society,  Eldon;    Presi- 
dent, D.  A.  Jay,  Eldon;   Secretary,  H.  R.  Baker,  Eldon. 

Warren — Warren  County  Agricultural  Society,  Indianola;   President,  J. 
E.  Houghtaling,  Indianola;    Secretary,  Joe  McCoy,   Indianola. 

Wayne — Sewal    Pair    Association,    Sewal;    President,    Everett    Shriver, 
Sewal;  Secretary,  Loren  Johnston,  Sewal. 

Webster — Webster  County  Fair  Association,  Fort  Dodge;    President,  J. 
I.  Rutledge,  Fort  Dodge;   Secretary,  Wm.  H.  Black,  Fort  Dodge. 

Winnebago — Forest  City  Park  and  Fair  Association,  Forest  City;  Presi- 
dent, F.  J.  Brooker,  Thompson;   Secretary,  M.  M.  Thompson,  Forest  City. 

WinnesMek — Winneshiek  County  Agricultural  Society,  Decorah;   Presi- 
dent, G.  F.  Baker,  Decorah;   Secretary,  L.  M.  Enger,  Decorah. 

Woodbury — Moville   Stock   Show,   Moville;    President,  W.   W.   McElrolt, 
Moville;  Secretary,  R.  J.  Anderson,  Moville. 

Woodbury — Inter-State  Dive  Stock  Fair  Association,  Sioux  City;   Presi- 
dent, F.  L.  Eaton,  Sioux  City;   Secretary,  Joe  Morton,  Sioux  City. 

Worth — Worth    County    Agricultural    Society,    Northwood;     President, 
John  M.  Slosson,  Northwood;   Secretary,  T.  O.  Groe,  Northwood. 

Wright — Wright  County  Agricultural  Society,  Clarion;   President,  F.  P. 
Wilson,  Clarion;    Secretary,  O.  W.  Whaley,  Clarion. 


INDEX 


PART  I. 

REPORT  OF  THE  IOWA  WEATHER  AND  CROP  SERVICE  FOR  1912. 

Page 

Annual  normals  for  Iowa 23 

Climatology  of  the  year  1912 1 

Monthly  summaries 3 

Climate   and   crop  bulletins   1912 28 

Climate   and   crop   review   1912 25 

Comparative   data   for    the   state,    annual 23 

Conditions,   August   1 39 

December  1,  final 40 

July   1 39 

June    1 38 

September    1 39 

Crop  Report: 

Acreage    by    counties , 42 

Average  yield  per  acre  and  total  product  by  counties 45 

Dates   of  killing  frosts 48 

Tabulated  crop  summary 41 

Total    Precipitation    Chart,    1912 24 

"VVeather  and  crqp  service . , , .  , , ,,,.,...,..,...,  J 


PART  II. 

STATISTICAL  TABLES   OF   IOWA'S   PRINCIPAL  FARM   CROPS. 

Crops  for  various  years,  Iowa: 

Barley    52 

Corn    49 

Flax    55 

Hay    54 

Oats    50 

Potatoes 56 

Rye    53 

Wheat   51 

Crop  statistics,  principal  farm   crops  of  the  United  States: 

Barley   64 

Buckwheat    68 

Corn    57 

Flaxseed   71 

Hay   74 

Oats    69 

Potatoes 72 

Rye    66 

Wheat,   winter 59 

Wheat,  spring 61 

Wheat,  all , »  63 


974  INDEX 

Crop  statistics,  principal  farm   crops  of  the   world:  Page 

Barley    87 

Corn   : 80 

Flax    91 

Oats    85 

Rye    89 

Wheat '..  82 

Farm   animal  statistics.   United   States: 

Cattle,  other  than  milch  cows 78 

Cows,  milch 76 

Horses    76 

Mules    76 

Sheep    78 

Swine    78 


PART  III. 


CROP  AND   OTHER   STATISTICS   FOR    THE   YEAR   ENDING 
DECEMBER    31,    1912. 

Crops,  acreage,  yield   per  acre  and   total  yield: 

Alfalfa    101 

Apples     95 

Barley   98 

Clover  seed 116 

Corn 98 

Flax  seed 101 

Hay    (t.ame) 101 

Hay    (wild) 101 

Oats 98 

Pop   Corn 116 

Potatoes    101 

Rye    101 

Sweet  corn 116 

Timothy   seed 116 

Wheat    (spring-) 98 

Wheat    rwinter) 98 

Farms,    acreag-e,    total 95 

Averag-e  monthly  wage   paid  farm  help 95 

Averag-e  size   farms 95 

Number   in   state,    total 95 

Silos,  number  in  state 95 

Introductory    remarks 93 

Live  stock  statistics,  Iowa: 

Cattle,  all  ag-es 113 

Cattle  not  kept  for  milk 113 

Dairy  cows   and   heifers 113 

Eg-g-s,   number   of  dozen   received    (estimated) 113 

Hogs  on   farms   July   1,   1912 113 

Horses,   all   ag-es 113 

]\lules,   all   ag-es 113 

Poultry  on   farms,   July   1,   1912 113 

Sheep  kept  on  farms 113 

Pounds   of   wool   clipped 113 

Shipped  in   for   feeding- 113 

Sold    for   slaughter 113 

Tabulated   crop   summary,    1912 94 


INDEX  975 

PART    IV. 

PROCEEDINGS  OP  THE  NINTH  ANNUAL  MEETING  OF  THE  CORN  BELT 
MEAT   PRODUCERS'    ASSOCIATION. 

Addresses:  Page 

Ames,    Senator,   A.   L 168 

Clarke,  Governor  Georg'e   W 176 

Davis,   James   C 174 

Drury,    Will 184 

Henderson,   Judge  J.  H 182 

Ingham,   Hon.    Harvey 170 

Sykes,    A 11  S-  1  64 

Thorne,   Hon.    Clifford 170-  201 

Tomlinson,   T.   W 208 

Wallace,  Hon.   Henry 165 

Whitenton,   W.   M 191 

Beef  making-  in  Iowa,   John   M.   Evvard 132 

Beresford,   Rex,    "Profita.ble   Beef  Production" 145 

Clarke,  Gov.  Georg-e  W.,  address 176 

Committee    Resolutions 164 

Davis,   James   C,   address 174 

Downing-,   James   E.,   "Market   Weighing-   of  Live   Stocl-c" 160 

Drury,  Will,  address 184 

Evvard,  John  M.,  "Beef  Making-  in  Iowa" 132 

Gibson,  Dr.  J.  I.,   "Prevention  and  Control   of  Hog-  Cholera" 150 

Hammill,   Fred   H.,   "The  Railroad  and   The   Stockman" 185 

Henderson,    Hon.    J.    H.,    address 182 

Ing-ham,    Hon.    Harvey,    address 179 

Market  weighing-  of  live   stoclc,   James   E.   Downing 160 

President's   annual   address,   A.   Sykes 119 

Prevention  and  control  of  hog  cholera.  Dr.  J.  I.  Gibson 150 

Profitable    beef    production.    Rex    Beresford 145 

Sykes,  A.,   president's  annual  address 119 

Address    164 

The  application   of  the  moisture   test  in   grading  corn,  George  A.   Wells  128 

The   railroad   and   the   stockman,    Fred   H.   Hammill 185 

Thorne,  Hon.  Clifford,  address 170 

Address    201 

Tomlinson,    T.    W.,    address 208 

Wallace,  Hon.   Henry,   address 165 

Wells,  Geo.  A.,  "The  Application  of  the  Moisture  Test  in  Grading  Corn"  128 

Whitenton,   W.   M.,   address 191 


PART   V. 


PROCEEDINGS   OF   THE   ANNUAL  MEETING   OF   THE   STATE 
FARMERS'    INSTITUTE. 

Addresses: 

Beckman,    F.    W 221 

Harding,    Lieutenant    Governor,    William    L 230 

Beckman,    F.    W.,    address 221 

Harding,   Lieutenant   Governor   William    L.,   addro.<=s 230 

Iowa   roads  and   their   future   improvements,   Thos.   H.    MacDonald 215 

MacDonald,   Thos.  H.,  "Iowa  Roads  and  Their  Future  Improvements"..  215 


976  INDEX 

PART   VI. 

SYNOPSIS    OF    PROCEEDINGS    OF     STATE     BOARD     OF    AGRICULTURE 
AND    COMMITTEE    MEETINGS,    1911-1912. 

Page 

Agreement  v/ith  street  car  company  on  change  of  entrance 270-   273 

Appropriations: 

Ag'ricultural  college  exhibit    248 

Babies'  health  contest 248 

Auction  sale  of  houses 269 

Awards   sheriff's   jury   land   condemned 267 

Bids  : 

Combination  curb  and  gutter 254 

Floor  in  agricultural  building 254 

Floor   in   machinery    hall 254 

Horse   barn 265 

Building  purchased  of  Iowa  Shorthorn  Breeders'   Association 290 

Bishop,   E.  C,  report  on  school  exhibit 298 

Board   of  Agriculture: 

Meetings    237-244-247-258-275-281-   292 

Oath   of  office 238-281 

Bonds: 

Of   secretary    fixed 238 

Of  secretary  and   treasurer  approved 247 

Brown,  W.  C,  resignation  as  superintendent  of  privileges  and  conces- 
sions        297 

Committees: 

Adulteration   of   foods,   seeds   and   other   products 257 

Animal   industry 257 

Auditing    257-  278 

Boys'    camp 244 

Dairying  and  dairy  products 257 

Executive    257 

Legislative    257 

Noxious  weeds,  fungus  diseases  in   grains,   grasses,   plants,   etc....  257 

Per  diem  and  mileage 249-261-277-  301 

Powers  and  duties  of  board 257 

Resolutions    257 

Revision    of   premium    list 252-256-  257 

Special    261-  265 

Contracts: 

Band   and  orchestras 270 

Combination   curb   and    gutter 255 

Floor  in  agricultural  building 255 

Floor  in  machinery  hall • 255 

Horse   barn 266 

Ice 250-280 

Irwin   Bros.    Cheyenne    Frontier    Show 262 

National    aeroplane    company 270 

Official    catalog 270 

Premium  list  printing 250 

Score  card  privilege 270 

Superintendent   of   grounds 251 

Street  car  station 272 

Corey,  A.   R.,   elected  secretary,  bonds 238-  282 

Report  of   expenditures,   receipts   and   improvements 238 

Salary 238 

Report    283 

Deerner,  Jas.  H,,  elected  superintendent  of  grounds 245-  282 


INDEX  flitt 

Page 

Des  Moines  Bridge  and  Iron  Works,   contract 272 

Des  Moines  City  Railway,  contract 270-  273 

Estimated  building-  repairs,  etc 259 

Estimated   cost  of   improvements 259 

Executive  committee  meeting's 

250-262-263 -264-267-26S -270 -272-273 -274-277-278-279-   280 

Gilbertson,   G.    S.,   elected   treasurer,   salary 238-  282 

Grounds  rented,  national  aviators 266 

Horticultural  department   report,   Elmer  M.    Reeves 295 

Improvements    authorized   by   board    December    15 258 

Inspection   of  hogs 293 

Johnston,  R.  S.,  report  on   swine  department 292 

Lovejoy,  J.  E.,  awnrded  contract  on  horse  barn 266 

Machinery   department   report,   J.    P.   Mullen 294 

Mullen,  J.  P.,  report  on  machinery  department 294 

Nash,    C.    A.,    salary 276 

Pay  rolls,  departments 275 

Petition  to  vacate   streets 267 

Potts  Brothers,  awarded  contract 255 

Poultry   department  report,   J.    F.    Summers 293 

Premiums   offered   1911-1912 256 

Reeves,   Elmer   M.,    report   on    horticultural    department 295 

Report  on   public   safety  and   transportation,   E.   M.   Wentworth 296 

Report  on  school  exhibits,  E.  C.  Bishop 298 

Report  on   expenditures,   receipts   and   improvements,   A.   R.   Corey.. 238-   244 

Comparative  statement   of  premiums   paid   1910-1911 241 

Cost   of   advertising-   1911    fair 239 

Financial  statement 241 

Improvements  for  1912 242 

Receipts  1911   fair  compared  with   1910 238 

Statement  amount  of  insiirance  in  force,  etc 243 

Statement  of  expense  of  1911  fair  compared  with  1910 240 

Statement  of  receipts  on  account  of  ticket  sales  for  1911  compared 

with  1910 239 

Report,  A.   R.   Corey 283-288 

Comparison    of   premiums   1911,    1912 288 

Comparative  statement  receipts   of  1911  and   1912  fairs 286 

Financial  condition  of  treasiiry  Dec.  1,  1912 283 

Improvements  needed 284 

Recapitulation    ticket   sales,    1912   fair   compared   with   1911 288 

Statement  of  expense  of  the  1912  fair  compared  with  1911 287 

Resolution  favoring  federal  aid  in   extension   work 244 

On  baby  health  contest 248 

Authorizing  executive  committee  to  award  contracts  for  cross  sec- 
tion of  steel  and  brick  horse  barn  in  accord  with  plans  ap- 
proved  ])y   State   Board   of  Agriculture 260 

That  no  officer  or  employe   have   any   concession   at   fair 260 

Secretary  elected 238-282 

Authorized  sell   houses   at   auction 268 

Bonds   approved 247-  282 

Bonds  fixed 238 

Reports    238-  283 

Settlement  of  case  Eva  Brown  et  al  vs.  State  of  Iowa 279 

Special    days    191 2    fair 271 

Summers,   J.   F.,   report  on   poultry   department 293 

Superintendents   of   departments 246-  289 

Superintendent   of   grounds 245 

Swine   department,    report 292 

Treasurer,  elected,  salary 238-  282 

Bonds   approved 247 

Bonds  fixed 238 

Wentworth,  E.  M.,  report  on  public  safety  and  transportation  depts...    296 
62 


978  INDEX 

PART  VIL 

PROCBEDINGS   OP   THK    STATF<   AGRICULTURAL   CONVENTION. 

Page 

Address,   Dr.   R.    A.   Pearson 451 

Babies'   health  contest,   Iowa   State   Fair,  ]\Irs.   Mary   T.   Watts 449 

Boys'  camp,  Iowa  State  Fair,  Fred  M.  Hansen 445 

Cameron,  C.   E,,  elected  president.  State  Board  of  Agriculture 464 

President's    address 303 

Chappel,  Geo.  M.,   report  of  the   Iowa  Weather  and  Crop   Service 460 

Committees: 

Credentials    305-462 

Resolutions    305-  462 

Curtin,  E.   J.,   elected  meinber   of  Board  of  Agriculture 465 

Essay,  "What  I  Saw  and  Learned  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair,"  Forest  H.  Ford  458 

Ford,  Forest  H.,  essay,  "What  I  Saw  and  Learned  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair,"  458 

Gilbertson,   G.    S.,   treasurer's   report 331 

Hansen,   Fred  M..   report  on  Iowa  State   Fair  Boys'   Camp 445 

Iowa   State   Fair    and    Exposition 318 

Attendance 319 

Comparative  statistics  of  leading  state  fairs 337 

Condensed  financial  statement  1896   and  1901   to   1912 338-  339 

Expense  warrants 360-  443 

Improvements  made  in  1912 325 

Itemized  statement  of   account 326 

Number  of  beef  cattle   entered   and   exhibitors   1912,   1911 321 

Number  of  entries  and  exhibitors   1912-1911 320 

Number  of  horses  entered  and  exhibitors  1912,   191.1 321 

Number  of  swine  entered  and  exhibitors  1912,  1911.  . 322 

Premium    warrants 340-  360 

Table  of  improvements    from    appropriation    and    from    state    fair 

receipts    336 

Legoe,  T.  C,  elected  member  of  Board  of  Agriculture 465 

Mullen,  J.  P.,  elected  member  of  Board  of  Agriculture 465 

Olson,  O.  A.,  elected  vice-president  Board  of  Agriculture 464 

Pearson,  Dr.  R.  A.,  address : 451 

Phillips,  C.  W.,  elected  member  Board  of  Agriculture 464 

Secretary's  report,  A.   R.  Corey 305 

County  and  district  fairs 310 

Attendance  and  admission  fees 316 

Financial  statement .' 312 

Department  of  Agriculture,  need   of  information  bureau 318 

Farmers'   institutes  and  short  courses 306 

Financial   statement,   institutes 307 

Short  course  associations 309 

Sheldon,  F.  E.,  elected  member  Board  of  Agriculture 465 

Treasurer's   report,   G.    S.   Gilbertson 331 

Watts,    Mrs.    Mary    T.,    report    on    Babies'    Health    Contest,    Iowa    State 

Fair    449 

Weather  and  crop  service,   director's   report 460 


PART  VIII. 


PROCEEDINGS   OP   THE   ANNUAL  MEETING  OF   THE   IOWA  SWINE 
BREEDERS'    ASSOCIATION,    1912. 

Curtiss,  C.   F.,  "Ventilation  and  Care  of  Winter  Pigs" 474 

Evvard,  John  M.,  "Feeding  the  Brood  Sow" 478 

Expert  Judge  Association 486 

Feeding  the  brood  sow,  John  M.   Evvard 478 

Forage  crops  for  swine,  Prof.  W.  J.  Kennedy 468 


INDEX  979 

Page 

Halford,   R.   W.,   elected  secretary-treasurer,   Expert   Judge   Assn 486 

Harding',  R.  J.,  elected  president  Expert  Judge  Association 486 

Kennedy,  W.  J.,  "Forage  Crops  for  Swine" 468 

Luther,  C.   E.,   "Public  Sales" 473 

Luther,  T.  F.,   "The  Profitable  Type  of  Hog  for  Farmer  and  Breeder"..  477 

McKelvie,  Sam,  elected  second  vice  president,  Expert  Judge  Assn 486 

Officers   of  association 467 

President's  address,   J.  H.  Watson 467 

Public   sales,   C.    E.    Iiuther 473 

Stange,   Dr.   C.   H.,   "Vaccinating" 481 

The  profitable  type  of  hog  for  farmer  and  breeder,  T.  F.  Luther 477 

Vaccinating,   Dr.    C.   H,    Stange 481 

Ventilation  and  care  of  winter  pigs,  C.  F.  Curtiss 474 

Watson,   J.   H.,   president's   address 467 

Watson,  J.  H.,  elected  vice  president,  Expert  Judge  Association 486 


PART   IX. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  THIRTY-FIFTH  ANNUAL  CONVENTION  OF  THE 
TOWA    STATE    DAIRY   ASSOCIATION. 

Address   of  welcome,   James  I.   Kenyon 487 

Butter  scores,   Iowa  State   Dairy   convention,   1912 524 

Committee   on    resolutions 493 

Commercial   starter,    T.    E.   Culp 506 

Criticism   of  butter  exhibit,  F.  L.  Odell 5II 

Culp,  T.   E.,   "Commercial  Starter" 506 

Election  of  officers 511-  512 

Estel,  E.   S.,   "Iowa  State  Dairy  Association,"   the   organization   and   its 

accomplishments   513 

Fowler,  Geo,  V.,   "Iowa  Made  Cheese" 516 

Iowa    State    Dairy    Association — the    organization    and    its    accomplish- 
ments,  E.   S.   Estel 513 

Iowa  made  cheese,  Geo.  V.   Fowler 516 

Kenyon,   James  I.,   address   of  welcome 487 

Kolthoff,    G.,    elected    vice    president 512 

Lee,   Carl  E.,   "Workmanship  as  a  Factor  in  Creamery   Butter  Making"   493 

Membership   Iowa    State   Dairy   Association 526 

Modern   creamery   construction,    Prof.   M.   Mortensen 508 

Mortenscn,  Prof.  M.,   "Modern  Creamery  Construction" 508 

Nelson,  C.  A.,   response   to   address   of  welcome 488 

Odell,   F.   L.,   criticism   of  butter  exhibits 511 

Power   efficiency,   E.    T.    Sadler 501 

Report  of   secretary,   J.   J.   Ross 488 

Report   of   treasurer,   E.    T.    Sadler 491 

Response   to  address  of  welcome,   C.   A.  Nelson 488 

Resolutions    512 

Ross,  J.  J.,  elected  secretary 512 

Secretary's    report 488 

Sadler,  E.  T.,  elected  treasurer 512 

"Power   Efficiency" 501 

Treasurer's    report 491 

Workmanship  as  a  factor  in  creamery  butter  making,  Carl  E.  Lee....    493 


990  INDEX 

PART   X. 

EXTRACTS   FROM   STATE    DAIRY   COMMISSIONER'S    REPORT   OF    1912 

TWENTY-SIXTH    ANNUAL. 

Page 

Boost  for  better  quality 543 

Butter: 

Average   monthly    price,    extra   creamery,   New  York   market 54S 

Creamery    546 

General  review  of  market 547 

Pounds  of  butter  made  and  sold  in  Iowa  as  reported  by  creameries  549 

Renovated    546 

Cheese    547 

City   milk    inspection 535 

Cows — number   reported   by   creameries 551 

Cow  testing 543 

Cream,  number  of  pounds  received  at  creameries 549 

Educational    work 533 

Helpful  acts   of  the   thirty-fourth   general   assembly 532 

Ice-cream    541 

Increase    in    number   of    creameries 533 

Increased   revenue    from    license 532 

Iowa  as  a  butter  state 533 

Iowa   State   Dairy   Association 541 

Milk,  number  of  pounds   received  at  creameries 549 

New   building-   a   necessity 534 

New    measures    recommended 534 

Oleomargarine 547 

Patrons   of   creamery,   number 551 

Save   the   calves ; 534 

Separators,  number  of 551 

Silos    535 

Table,   milk   licenses   issued   city   milk   dealers   1905-1912 539 

Why   tests  vary 544 


PART  XL 
EXTRACTS  FROM  STATE  VETERINARY  SURGEON'S  REPORT  OF  1912. 

Animal  health  commission 580 

Baughman,  Dr.  D.  E.,  "The  Method  of  Using  Anti-hog  Cholera  Serum"  575 

Canadian    trip 559 

Dourine    561 

Eighth   biennial   report 557 

Tuberculosis    565 

Glanders    558 

Hog    cholera 575 

Interstate   shipments   of   live   stock 579 

Introduction    555 

Rules  and  regulations  as   to   contagious  diseases  among  animals 582 

The  method  of  using  anti-hog  cholera  serum,  Dr.  D.  E.  Baughman....    575 

Tests  on   state  herds 575 

Various  state   requirements   for   the   importation   of  live   stock 586 


PART  XII. 
PAPERS   ON  LIVE   STOCK,    AGRICULTURE    AND    MISCELLANEOUS   TOP- 
ICS, PAPERS  READ  BEFORE  COUNTY  FARMERS'  INSTITUTES,  ETC. 

Alfalfa   management    in    Iowa 650 

Ames,  A.  L.,  "Iowa  Stallion  and  Jack  Laws" 601 


INDEX  981 

Page 

Care  of  the  calf  from  the  feed  lot  to  the  butcher,  H.  J.  Hess 63a 

Co-operation    among'    fruit    growers 610 

Crownover,    Wm.,    "Feeding-   Draft   Colts" 60G 

Economical  household  conveniences,  Mrs.   W.    VV.   Latta 625 

Escher,    Jr.,    Hon,    Chas.,   "What    Can    Iowa    do    to    Relieve    the    Beef 

Shortage?"    646 

Farming   on   a  business   basis,    Dallas   N.   McGrew 620 

Feeding  draft  colts,  Wm.  Crownover 606 

Hess,  H.  J.,  "Care  of  the  Calf  from  the  Feed  Lot  to  the  Butcher" 633 

Kennedy,  W.  J.,  "The  Beef  Cattle  Situation  and  its  Solution" 648 

Latta,   Mrs.   W.   W.,    "Economical  Household   Conveniences" 625 

McGrew,  Dallas  N.,   "Farming  on  a  Business   Basis" 620 

Report  of  annual   meeting,   Iowa  Beef  Producers'   Association 644 

Silos,  Wallaces'   Farmer    629 

Soil  survey  is  needed  in  Iowa,  W.  H.  Stevenson  in  Farmer  and  Breeder  641 

Sparks,  S.   F.,   "Tile  Drainage — Its  Effect  on  Crops" 613 

Stevenson,  W.  H.    (In  Farmer  and  Breeder),   "A  Soil  Survey   is  Needed 

in  Iowa" 641 

The  beef  cattle  situation  and  its  solution,   W.  J.  Kennedy 648 

The  Iowa  stallion  and  jack  law,  A.  L.   Ames 601 

The  practical  management  of  a  hog  farm,  H.   T.  Morgan 635 

Tile  drainage — its  effect  on  crops,  S.  F.  Sparlvs 613 

True,  C.  H.,   "Winter  Problems" 618 

Vaughn,  Howard,   "What  Horses   Mean   to   Iowa" 604 

What  can  Iowa  do  to  relieve  the  beef  shortage?  Hon.  Chas.  Escher,  Jr.  646 

What  horses  mean  to  Iowa,  Howard  Vaughn 604 

Winter   problems,   C.   H.    True 618 


PART   XIIL 


PRESS   REPORTS   AND   LIVE   STOCK   AWARDS   AND   RESULTS   IN  BOYS' 
JUDGING  CONTEST. 

PRESS   REPORTS. 

Breeders'   Gazette 737 

Farmer    and   Breeder 781 

Iowa  Homestead 713 

Twentietli  Century   Farmer 777 

Wallaces'   Farmer    766 

AWARDS    AND    EXHIBITORS    IN    LIVE    STOCK    DEPARTMENTS. 

Cattle  department 813 

Horse   department 787 

Poultry    department 864 

Sheep    department 855 

Swine   department 840 

SCHOLARSHIP   CONTESTS. 
Boys'   judging   contest 882 


PART    XIV 


REPORT  OF  AGRICULTURAL  CONDITIONS  BY  COUNTY   AND   DISTRICT 
AGRICULTURAL   SOCIETIES   IN   lOW^A. 

Adair   885 

Adams 886 


982  INDEX 

Page 

Allamakee    887 

Audubon    887 

Appanoose    888 

Benton   889 

Black    Hawk 889 

Boone    890-  891 

Buchanan   892 

Bremer   893 

Buena   Vista 893 

Butler     894 

Calhoun    895-896 

Cass     896-   897 

Carroll    898 

Cedar   899 

Cerro    Gordo 900 

Chickasaw 900-901 

Clayton    902-  903 

Crawford    904 

Clinton    904 

Davis    905 

Decatur    906 

Delaware    906 

Dickinson    907-  908 

Fayette    908-909 

Franklin    910 

Greene    911 

Grundy    912 

Guthrie 913 

Hancock    •  •  •   913 

Hardin   914 

Harrison    915 

Henry    915-  916 

Howard 917 

Humboldt    918 

Iowa    919-920 

Jackson   921 

Jasper    922 

Jefferson    922 

Johnson    923 

Jones    924 

Keokuk    924 

Kossuth    925 

Lee     926-  927 

Linn   928-  929 

Louisa   929 

Lucas    930 

Lyon    931 

Madison   932 

Mahaska 933 

Marion    934 

Marshall   935-  936 

Mills    937 

Mitchell    938 

Monona 938 

Monroe   939 

Montgomery 940 

Muscatine    940-  941 

O'Brien    942-  943 

Page   944 

Pocahontas    945 

Pottawattamie    946 

Poweshiek    947-  948 


INDEX  983 

Page 

Ring-gold    948 

Sac    949 

Shelby    • 950 

Sioux     951 

Scott   952 

Story    952 

Tama    953 

Taylor   954 

Van  Buren 954 

Wapello    955 

Warren   956 

Wayne    956 

Webster    957 

Winneshiek    958 

Winnebag-o   958 

Woodbury    959-  960 

Worth    961 

Wright    962 


PART  XV. 


DIRECTORY   OF  ASSOCIATIONS   AND  ORGANIZATIONS  REPRESENTING 
AGRICULTURAT-.  INTERESTS  IN  IOWA. 

Agricultural   department,   state 963 

Bee-keepers'   Association,  Iowa 964 

Beef   Producers'    Association,    Iowa 963 

Corn  Belt  jNIeat  Producers'  Association 963 

Corn  Growers'  Association,  Iowa 963 

County  and  District  Agricultural  Societies  and  Fair  Associations 969 

Dairy    Association,    Iowa    State 964 

Draft  Horse  Breeders'   Association,   Iowa 964 

Florists,  Society  of  Iowa 963 

Grain  Dealers'  Association,  The  Farmers 963 

Grain  Dealers'  Association,  Western 963 

Highwa:''  Commission,  Iowa  State 963 

Horticultural   Society,   Iowa   State 963 

Institutes  and  Short  Courses 964 

Park  and  Forestry  Association,  Iowa 963 

Poultry  Association,  Iowa  State 964 

Swine   Breeders'    Association,    Iowa 964 

Shorthorn  Breeders'  Association,   The  Iowa 964 


New  York  Botanical  Garden  j-'brar 


3  5 


85  00260  8485